diff --git "a/intensive/predictions.json" "b/intensive/predictions.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/intensive/predictions.json" @@ -0,0 +1,11875 @@ +{ + "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": "France", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "10th and 11th centuries", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": "Denmark, Iceland and Norway", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": "Rollo", + "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "10th", + "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d1": "", + "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d2": "Normandy", + "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d3": "King Charles III of West Francia", + "5ad39d53604f3c001a3fe8d4": "first half of the 10th century", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": "William the Conqueror", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": "Richard I of Normandy", + "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": "Catholic", + "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea27": "", + "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea28": "", + "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea29": "", + "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea2a": "medieval France", + "5ad3a266604f3c001a3fea2b": "", + "56dde0379a695914005b9636": "Norseman, Viking", + "56dde0379a695914005b9637": "9th century", + "5ad3ab70604f3c001a3feb89": "", + "5ad3ab70604f3c001a3feb8a": "", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": "911", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": "King Charles III of West Francia", + "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": "river Seine", + "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec0d": "", + "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec0e": "", + "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec0f": "", + "5ad3ad61604f3c001a3fec10": "Viking incursions", + "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": "traditional pagii", + "5ad3ae14604f3c001a3fec39": "", + "5ad3ae14604f3c001a3fec3a": "Danes, Norwegians, Norse\u2013Gaels, Orkney Vikings", + "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "Catholicism (Christianity)", + "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": "north", + "5ad3af11604f3c001a3fec63": "", + "5ad3af11604f3c001a3fec64": "", + "5ad3af11604f3c001a3fec65": "", + "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": "fighting horsemen", + "5ad3c626604f3c001a3ff011": "", + "5ad3c626604f3c001a3ff012": "", + "5ad3c626604f3c001a3ff013": "Bohemund I", + "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": "Seljuk Turks", + "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3e9": "Normans", + "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3ea": "the Pechenegs, the Bulgars, and especially the Seljuk Turks", + "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3eb": "Norman mercenaries", + "5ad3dbc6604f3c001a3ff3ec": "Sicilian campaign of George Maniaces", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": "1050s", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": "1060s", + "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": "Alexius Komnenos", + "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff467": "Herv\u00e9", + "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff468": "", + "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff469": "", + "5ad3de8b604f3c001a3ff46a": "1050s", + "56de10b44396321400ee2593": "Afranji", + "56de10b44396321400ee2594": "Oursel", + "56de10b44396321400ee2595": "Turkish forces", + "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff689": "Turkish", + "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff68a": "", + "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff68b": "Oursel", + "5ad3e96b604f3c001a3ff68c": "northern Syria", + "56de11154396321400ee25aa": "Italo-Norman named Raoul", + "5ad3ea79604f3c001a3ff6e9": "Byzantine Greece", + "5ad3ea79604f3c001a3ff6ea": "", + "5ad3ea79604f3c001a3ff6eb": "", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": "Robert Guiscard", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": "1085", + "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": "30,000", + "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff799": "", + "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff79a": "", + "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff79b": "", + "5ad3ed26604f3c001a3ff79c": "30,000", + "56de15104396321400ee25b7": "the city of Deabolis", + "56de15104396321400ee25b8": "Bohemond", + "56de15104396321400ee25b9": "river Deabolis", + "5ad3ee2d604f3c001a3ff7e1": "Dyrrachium", + "5ad3ee2d604f3c001a3ff7e2": "Bohemond", + "5ad3ee2d604f3c001a3ff7e3": "Robert", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "1185", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": "Dyrrachium", + "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": "one of the most important naval bases of the Adriatic", + "5ad3f028604f3c001a3ff823": "", + "5ad3f028604f3c001a3ff824": "high Byzantine officials", + "5ad3f028604f3c001a3ff825": "", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": "Duke Richard II of Normandy", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": "", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": "Normandy", + "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": "Sweyn Forkbeard", + "5ad3f187604f3c001a3ff86f": "", + "5ad3f187604f3c001a3ff870": "", + "5ad3f187604f3c001a3ff871": "", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": "Harthacnut", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": "1041", + "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": "Robert of Jumi\u00e8ges", + "5ad3f350604f3c001a3ff8ef": "1041", + "5ad3f350604f3c001a3ff8f0": "", + "5ad3f350604f3c001a3ff8f1": "", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": "Battle of Hastings", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": "Duke William II", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": "1066", + "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": "Anglo-Saxons", + "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff951": "", + "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff952": "", + "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff953": "", + "5ad3f4b1604f3c001a3ff954": "", + "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": "Anglo-Saxon language", + "5ad3f5b0604f3c001a3ff9ab": "", + "5ad3f5b0604f3c001a3ff9ac": "", + "5ad3f5b0604f3c001a3ff9ad": "Geoffrey Chaucer", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": "1169", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": "Bannow Bay", + "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": "Irish culture to the point that it has been said that they became \"more Irish", + "5ad3f6f5604f3c001a3ffa09": "", + "5ad3f6f5604f3c001a3ffa0a": "", + "5ad3f6f5604f3c001a3ffa0b": "", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": "", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": "King Malcolm III", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": "1072", + "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": "Duncan", + "5ad3f7ac604f3c001a3ffa3b": "", + "5ad3f7ac604f3c001a3ffa3c": "", + "5ad3f7ac604f3c001a3ffa3d": "his son Duncan", + "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": "Sybilla of Normandy", + "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": "Norman culture", + "5ad3f8d2604f3c001a3ffa8d": "Sybilla of Normandy", + "5ad3f8d2604f3c001a3ffa8e": "", + "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": "Hereford", + "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": "the Welsh", + "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": "Edward the Confessor", + "5ad3fb01604f3c001a3ffb35": "", + "5ad3fb01604f3c001a3ffb36": "", + "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": "the Marches", + "5ad3fb6e604f3c001a3ffb5f": "", + "5ad3fb6e604f3c001a3ffb60": "", + "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "1018", + "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": "William of Montreuil", + "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb8f": "Antioch", + "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb90": "", + "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb91": "Roger de Tosny", + "5ad3fc41604f3c001a3ffb92": "First Crusade", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": "1097", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": "Tancred", + "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": "Jerusalem", + "5ad4017a604f3c001a3ffd1f": "1097", + "5ad4017a604f3c001a3ffd20": "", + "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "380 years", + "5ad401f2604f3c001a3ffd41": "", + "5ad401f2604f3c001a3ffd42": "", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": "a storm", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": "Berengaria", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": "1191", + "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": "Isaac Komnenos", + "5ad40280604f3c001a3ffd57": "", + "5ad40280604f3c001a3ffd58": "", + "5ad40280604f3c001a3ffd59": "Isaac Komnenos", + "56de40da4396321400ee2708": "Conrad of Montferrat", + "56de40da4396321400ee2709": "silver", + "56de40da4396321400ee270a": "Guy de Lusignan", + "5ad404a6604f3c001a3ffde1": "", + "5ad404a6604f3c001a3ffde2": "Guy de Lusignan", + "5ad404a6604f3c001a3ffde3": "local barons", + "56de49564396321400ee277a": "Africa", + "5ad40419604f3c001a3ffdb7": "Jean de Bethencourt and the Poitevine Gadifer de la Salle", + "5ad40419604f3c001a3ffdb8": "", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": "Bethencourt", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": "Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n", + "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": "Maciot de Bethencourt", + "5ad403c1604f3c001a3ffd97": "", + "5ad403c1604f3c001a3ffd98": "", + "56de4a474396321400ee2786": "in the Channel Islands", + "56de4a474396321400ee2787": "two", + "5ad40358604f3c001a3ffd7d": "", + "5ad40358604f3c001a3ffd7e": "", + "5ad40358604f3c001a3ffd7f": "", + "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": "Romanesque idiom", + "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": "rounded", + "5ad402ce604f3c001a3ffd67": "rounded arches", + "56de4b074396321400ee2793": "Early Gothic", + "56de4b074396321400ee2794": "Anglo-Saxon", + "56de4b074396321400ee2795": "Kingdom of Sicily", + "5ad400b0604f3c001a3ffcdf": "", + "5ad400b0604f3c001a3ffce0": "", + "5ad400b0604f3c001a3ffce1": "", + "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": "early 11th century", + "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": "the dukes", + "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffca7": "", + "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffca8": "", + "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffca9": "", + "5ad3ffd7604f3c001a3ffcaa": "", + "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "16th century", + "5ad3ff1b604f3c001a3ffc73": "", + "5ad3ff1b604f3c001a3ffc74": "", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": "embroidery", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": "the Bayeux Tapestry", + "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": "Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux and first Earl of Kent", + "5ad3fe91604f3c001a3ffc47": "", + "5ad3fe91604f3c001a3ffc48": "", + "56de51244396321400ee27ef": "mosaics", + "5ad3fe0d604f3c001a3ffc1b": "", + "5ad3fe0d604f3c001a3ffc1c": "mosaics", + "5ad3fe0d604f3c001a3ffc1d": "", + "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": "11th", + "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": "William of Volpiano and John of Ravenna", + "5ad3fd68604f3c001a3ffbe7": "", + "5ad3fd68604f3c001a3ffbe8": "musical production and education", + "56de52614396321400ee27fb": "southern Italy", + "56de52614396321400ee27fc": "Sant'Eufemia", + "56de52614396321400ee27fd": "Robert Guiscard", + "56de52614396321400ee27fe": "singing", + "5ad3fccf604f3c001a3ffbb5": "", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "Computational complexity theory", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": "inherent difficulty", + "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "computational problem", + "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab72": "a task that is in principle amenable to being solved by a computer", + "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab73": "Computational complexity theory", + "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab74": "", + "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab75": "", + "5ad5316b5b96ef001a10ab76": "", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": "if its solution requires significant resources", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "algorithm", + "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": "time and storage", + "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": "the number of gates in a circuit", + "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": "One of the roles of computational complexity theory is to determine the practical limits on what computers can and cannot do", + "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7c": "", + "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7d": "", + "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7e": "time and storage", + "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab7f": "", + "5ad532575b96ef001a10ab80": "", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": "analysis of algorithms and computability theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": "computational complexity theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": "computational complexity theory", + "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": "computational complexity theory", + "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab86": "", + "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab87": "", + "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab88": "", + "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab89": "", + "5ad5344b5b96ef001a10ab8a": "", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": "a problem instance", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": "a problem instance", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": "concrete", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": "problem instance", + "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": "the solution", + "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab90": "", + "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab91": "problem instance", + "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab92": "", + "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab93": "", + "5ad5364c5b96ef001a10ab94": "", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": "2000", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": "Is there a route of at most 2000 kilometres passing through all of Germany's 15 largest cities", + "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": "", + "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9a": "", + "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9b": "", + "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9c": "", + "5ad537a15b96ef001a10ab9d": "", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": "problem instance", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": "binary alphabet", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": "bitstrings", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": "binary notation", + "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": "adjacency matrices", + "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba2": "", + "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba3": "", + "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba4": "", + "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba5": "", + "5ad5391e5b96ef001a10aba6": "", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": "Decision problems", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": "1 or 0", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": "1 or 0", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": "yes", + "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": "yes", + "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abc8": "Decision problems", + "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abc9": "", + "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abca": "", + "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abcb": "", + "5ad53b9d5b96ef001a10abcc": "yes", + "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": "an arbitrary", + "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": "The formal language", + "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": "how graphs are encoded as binary strings", + "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd2": "", + "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd3": "", + "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd4": "", + "5ad53d705b96ef001a10abd5": "", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": "computational problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": "a single", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": "function problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": "the integer factorization problem", + "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": "more complex", + "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abda": "", + "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abdb": "", + "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abdc": "", + "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abdd": "", + "5ad53e615b96ef001a10abde": "more complex", + "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": "decision problems. However, this is not really the case, since function problems can be recast as decision problems", + "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": "the set of triples", + "5ad53f815b96ef001a10abe4": "", + "5ad53f815b96ef001a10abe5": "", + "5ad53f815b96ef001a10abe6": "", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "how much time the best algorithm requires to solve the problem", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": "the instance", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": "as a function of the size of the instance", + "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": "bits", + "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": "input", + "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abea": "", + "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abeb": "", + "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abec": "as a function of the size of the instance", + "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abed": "", + "5ad541ad5b96ef001a10abee": "", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": "Cobham's", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": "the time taken", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": "", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": "the maximum time taken over all inputs of size n", + "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": "polynomial time algorithm", + "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf4": "", + "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf5": "", + "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf6": "", + "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf7": "", + "5ad542db5b96ef001a10abf8": "polynomial time algorithm", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": "Turing machine", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": "an algorithm", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": "Turing machine", + "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": "symbols", + "5ad543c05b96ef001a10abfe": "", + "5ad543c05b96ef001a10abff": "", + "5ad543c05b96ef001a10ac00": "", + "5ad543c05b96ef001a10ac01": "", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": "deterministic", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": "a fixed set of rules", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": "probabilistic Turing machine", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": "non-deterministic Turing machine", + "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": "randomized algorithms", + "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac0e": "", + "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac0f": "", + "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac10": "", + "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac11": "", + "5ad546c75b96ef001a10ac12": "", + "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": "complexity classes", + "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": "resources (such as time or space) are bounded", + "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": "deterministic Turing machines, probabilistic Turing machines", + "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac06": "", + "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac07": "resources (such as time or space) are bounded", + "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac08": "", + "5ad545545b96ef001a10ac09": "", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": "random access machines", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": "time and memory consumption", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": "time and memory", + "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": "the machines operate deterministically", + "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac18": "", + "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac19": "time and memory consumption", + "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac1a": "", + "5ad547945b96ef001a10ac1b": "", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": "non-deterministic", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": "more unusual resources", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": "mathematical models", + "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": "non-deterministic time", + "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2a": "", + "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2b": "", + "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2c": "", + "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2d": "", + "5ad5489b5b96ef001a10ac2e": "", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": "\"yes\" or \"no\"", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": "difficulty", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": "DTIME", + "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": "time", + "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac48": "", + "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac49": "", + "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac4a": "DTIME", + "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac4b": "", + "5ad54a375b96ef001a10ac4c": "", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": "complexity", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": "computational", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": "Blum complexity axioms", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": "complexity", + "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": "Complexity", + "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac52": "", + "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac53": "", + "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac54": "", + "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac55": "", + "5ad54b035b96ef001a10ac56": "", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "best, worst and average", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": "", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": "time", + "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": "", + "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5c": "", + "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5d": "", + "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5e": "", + "5ad54c2f5b96ef001a10ac5f": "", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": "quicksort", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": "The worst-case", + "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": "O(n2)", + "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac64": "", + "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac65": "", + "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac66": "The worst-case", + "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac67": "", + "5ad54d625b96ef001a10ac68": "", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": "the most efficient algorithm solving a given problem", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": "analysis of algorithms", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": "lower bounds", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": "lower", + "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": "", + "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac76": "proving upper and lower bounds on the minimum amount of time required by the most efficient algorithm solving a given problem", + "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac77": "", + "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac78": "", + "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac79": "", + "5ad54e7c5b96ef001a10ac7a": "", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": "big O notation", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": "constant factors and smaller terms", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "O(n2)", + "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": "the computational model used", + "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac88": "", + "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac89": "", + "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac8a": "", + "5ad54f775b96ef001a10ac8b": "", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": "complexity classes", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": "framework", + "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": "complicated definitions", + "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac90": "", + "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac91": "", + "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac92": "framework", + "5ad5501f5b96ef001a10ac93": "", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": "the chosen machine model", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": "single-tape", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": "Cobham-Edmonds", + "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": "complexity", + "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace4": "", + "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace5": "", + "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace6": "", + "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace7": "", + "5ad55ee35b96ef001a10ace8": "Cobham-Edmonds", + "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": "time or space", + "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": "", + "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": "complexity classes", + "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0c": "", + "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0d": "", + "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0e": "", + "5ad55fe75b96ef001a10ad0f": "", + "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": "BPP, ZPP and RP", + "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": "Boolean circuits", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": "quantum", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": "#P", + "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": "Interactive", + "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad1e": "BPP, ZPP and RP", + "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad1f": "", + "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad20": "", + "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad21": "", + "5ad560b85b96ef001a10ad22": "", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": "DTIME", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": "DTIME(n2)", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": "time and space hierarchy theorems", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": "a proper hierarchy", + "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": "quantitative", + "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3c": "", + "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3d": "", + "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3e": "", + "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad3f": "", + "5ad561c85b96ef001a10ad40": "", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": "The time and space hierarchy theorems", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": "", + "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": "PSPACE", + "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad50": "", + "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad51": "", + "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad52": "", + "5ad562525b96ef001a10ad53": "", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": "a reduction", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": "another problem", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": "no more difficult", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": "Cook reductions, Karp reductions and Levin reductions", + "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": "the bound on the complexity of reductions", + "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6c": "", + "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6d": "", + "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6e": "", + "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad6f": "", + "5ad5632f5b96ef001a10ad70": "", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": "polynomial-time reduction", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": "", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": "", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": "the same input to both inputs of the multiplication algorithm. Thus we see that squaring is not more difficult than multiplication", + "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": "multiplication", + "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad94": "", + "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad95": "", + "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad96": "", + "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad97": "", + "5ad5648b5b96ef001a10ad98": "", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": "", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": "", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": "solve any problem in C", + "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": "NP-hard problems", + "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb2": "", + "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb3": "algorithm", + "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb4": "", + "5ad565575b96ef001a10adb5": "", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": "NP-complete problems", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": "", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": "there is no known polynomial-time solution", + "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": "NP", + "5ad566375b96ef001a10adce": "", + "5ad566375b96ef001a10adcf": "", + "5ad566375b96ef001a10add0": "", + "5ad566375b96ef001a10add1": "", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": "P", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": "Cobham\u2013Edmonds thesis", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": "NP", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": "the Boolean satisfiability problem, the Hamiltonian path problem and the vertex cover problem", + "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": "deterministic Turing machines", + "5ad567055b96ef001a10adea": "", + "5ad567055b96ef001a10adeb": "", + "5ad567055b96ef001a10adec": "", + "5ad567055b96ef001a10aded": "", + "5ad567055b96ef001a10adee": "", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": "more efficient solutions", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": "protein structure prediction", + "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": "US$1,000,000", + "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae10": "", + "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae11": "", + "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae12": "protein structure prediction", + "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae13": "", + "5ad568175b96ef001a10ae14": "", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": "Ladner", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": "The graph isomorphism problem", + "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": "integer factorization problem", + "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1a": "", + "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1b": "", + "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1c": "", + "5ad568d35b96ef001a10ae1d": "", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": "The graph isomorphism problem", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": "not NP-complete", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": "", + "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": "second", + "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": "Laszlo Babai and Eugene Luks", + "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae36": "", + "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae37": "", + "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae38": "", + "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae39": "", + "5ad569c05b96ef001a10ae3a": "", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": "The integer factorization problem", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": "k", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": "RSA algorithm", + "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": "the general number field sieve", + "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae48": "", + "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae49": "", + "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae4a": "", + "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae4b": "", + "5ad56aea5b96ef001a10ae4c": "", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": "suspected to be unequal", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": "P = PSPACE", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": "between P and PSPACE", + "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": "Proving that any of these classes are unequal", + "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae62": "unequal", + "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae63": "", + "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae64": "between P and PSPACE", + "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae65": "", + "5ad56bcd5b96ef001a10ae66": "", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": "co-NP", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": "reversed", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": "It is believed that NP is not equal to co-NP", + "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": "P is not equal to NP", + "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6c": "", + "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6d": "reversed", + "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6e": "NP is not equal", + "5ad56c6b5b96ef001a10ae6f": "P is not equal to NP", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": "L", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": "L (the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space) is strictly contained in P or equal to P", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": "the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space) is strictly contained in P or equal to P", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": "NL and NC", + "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": "if they are distinct or equal classes", + "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae84": "", + "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae85": "", + "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae86": "", + "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae87": "", + "5ad56d3e5b96ef001a10ae88": "it is not known if L (the set of all problems that can be solved in logarithmic space) is strictly contained in P", + "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": "intractable problems", + "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": "polynomial time", + "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": "NP-complete problems", + "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10ae9e": "", + "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10ae9f": "", + "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10aea0": "", + "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10aea1": "", + "5ad56e5c5b96ef001a10aea2": "", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": "Presburger arithmetic", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": "algorithms have been written", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": "NP-complete knapsack problem", + "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": "less than quadratic time", + "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": "NP-complete Boolean satisfiability problem", + "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aea8": "Presburger arithmetic", + "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aea9": "", + "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aeaa": "", + "5ad56ef05b96ef001a10aeab": "", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": "foundations were laid out", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": "Alan Turing", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": "Turing machines", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": "1936", + "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": "a computer", + "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec2": "", + "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec3": "", + "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec4": "", + "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec5": "", + "5ad56fe65b96ef001a10aec6": "", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": "\"On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms\" by Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns (1965)", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": "Juris Hartmanis and Richard Stearns", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "1965", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": "time and space", + "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": "1965", + "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aedc": "", + "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aedd": "", + "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aede": "", + "5ad570b25b96ef001a10aedf": "time and space complexity", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": "John Myhill", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "", + "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": "Hisao Yamada", + "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeec": "", + "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeed": "", + "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeee": "", + "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aeef": "", + "5ad5719f5b96ef001a10aef0": "", + "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": "input encoding", + "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": "encoding", + "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abac": "", + "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abad": "", + "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abae": "", + "5ad53ac65b96ef001a10abaf": "", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": "Manuel Blum", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": "speed-up theorem", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems", + "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": "21", + "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af06": "", + "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af07": "", + "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af08": "", + "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af09": "", + "5ad572b15b96ef001a10af0a": "", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": "SoCal", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "10", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": "Southern California is a major economic center", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": "demographics and economic", + "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "historical political divisions", + "5ad0178577cf76001a68698a": "", + "5ad0178577cf76001a68698b": "Kern and San Luis Obispo", + "5ad0178577cf76001a68698c": "Southern California", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": "greater Southern California Megaregion", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": "11", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": "Nevada", + "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": "Mexican border", + "5705e33f52bb891400689650": "Tijuana", + "5ad0185a77cf76001a6869b8": "", + "5ad0185a77cf76001a6869b9": "", + "5ad0185a77cf76001a6869ba": "", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": "Pacific coast", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": "seven", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": "over 12 million", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": "the San Diego area", + "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": "17.5 million", + "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0c": "60", + "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0d": "", + "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0e": "", + "5ad01a6277cf76001a686a0f": "", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": "Colorado River", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": "Colorado Desert", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": "Mojave Desert", + "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": "Mexico\u2013United States border", + "5ad01c8877cf76001a686a64": "", + "5ad01c8877cf76001a686a65": "", + "5ad01c8877cf76001a686a66": "south", + "5705e63175f01819005e7720": "California", + "5705e63175f01819005e7721": "3,792,621", + "5705e63175f01819005e7722": "Los Angeles", + "5705e63175f01819005e7723": "San Diego", + "5705e63175f01819005e7724": "south", + "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa6": "Los Angeles and San Diego", + "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa7": "", + "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa8": "", + "5ad01e4677cf76001a686aa9": "", + "5705e99452bb891400689688": "Los Angeles", + "5705e99452bb891400689689": "", + "5705e99452bb89140068968a": "five most populous in the state and all are in the top 15 most populous counties in the United States", + "5705e99452bb89140068968b": "", + "5705e99452bb89140068968c": "", + "5ad01f0f77cf76001a686ac2": "Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Riverside", + "5ad01f0f77cf76001a686ac3": "15", + "5ad01f0f77cf76001a686ac4": "", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": "Hollywood", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": "Los Angeles", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": "Walt Disney Company", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": "music", + "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": "Sony", + "5ad0206677cf76001a686afa": "", + "5ad0206677cf76001a686afb": "motion picture, television, and music", + "5ad0206677cf76001a686afc": "", + "5ad0206677cf76001a686afd": "Walt Disney Company (which also owns ABC), Sony Pictures, Universal, MGM, Paramount Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Brothers", + "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": "skateboard", + "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": "Tony Hawk", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": "Shaun White", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": "Oahu", + "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": "Transpac", + "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2a": "Southern California", + "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2b": "professional surfers", + "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2c": "southern California", + "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2d": "", + "5ad0220a77cf76001a686b2e": "", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": "Palm Springs", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": "", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": "southern", + "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": "open spaces", + "5ad0228a77cf76001a686b58": "locals and tourists", + "5ad0228a77cf76001a686b59": "beaches", + "5ad0228a77cf76001a686b5a": "", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": "37\u00b0 9' 58.23\"", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": "11", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": "ten", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": "the Tehachapi Mountains", + "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": "the Tehachapi Mountains", + "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3a": "", + "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3b": "", + "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3c": "", + "5ad0297e77cf76001a686c3d": "southern California", + "5705eee952bb8914006896de": "Mexico", + "5705eee952bb8914006896df": "Alta California", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": "Monterey", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": "the Compromise of 1850", + "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": "free", + "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc6": "Mexico", + "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc7": "", + "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc8": "the line of the Missouri Compromise", + "5ad02cde77cf76001a686cc9": "", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": "inequitable taxes", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": "\"Cow Counties", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": "three", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": "75%", + "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": "Milton Latham", + "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3a": "", + "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3b": "", + "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3c": "", + "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3d": "", + "5ad02e5d77cf76001a686d3e": "", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": "the Los Angeles Times", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": "1900", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": "1900", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "Imperial", + "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": "seven", + "5ad02ee077cf76001a686d58": "", + "5ad02ee077cf76001a686d59": "", + "5ad02ee077cf76001a686d5a": "", + "5705f36452bb891400689718": "regional tourism groups", + "5705f36452bb891400689719": "California State Automobile Association", + "5705f36452bb89140068971a": "three-region point of view", + "5705f36452bb89140068971b": "Tehachapis", + "5705f36452bb89140068971c": "southern California region", + "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da2": "AAA Auto Clubs", + "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da3": "Automobile Club of Southern California", + "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da4": "", + "5ad02ff177cf76001a686da5": "regional tourism", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": "third", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": "vast areas", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": "suburban", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": "highways", + "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "international metropolitan region", + "5ad0316a77cf76001a686de4": "", + "5ad0316a77cf76001a686de5": "", + "5ad0316a77cf76001a686de6": "", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": "Camp Pendleton", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": "Inland Empire", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": "", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": "Orange", + "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": "1990s", + "5ad0331877cf76001a686e16": "", + "5ad0331877cf76001a686e17": "L.A. and Orange Counties", + "5ad0331877cf76001a686e18": "", + "5ad0331877cf76001a686e19": "Santa Maria and San Luis Obispo", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": "Mediterranean", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": "infrequent rain", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": "", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "", + "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": "70-50's", + "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e30": "Mediterranean", + "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e31": "", + "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e32": "", + "5ad0381a77cf76001a686e33": "", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": "ecosystem", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": "Pacific Ocean", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": "topographic", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": "", + "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": "", + "5ad0394877cf76001a686e56": "", + "5ad0394877cf76001a686e57": "", + "5ad0394877cf76001a686e58": "", + "5ad0394877cf76001a686e59": "Southern California", + "5705fec152bb89140068977a": "about 10,000", + "5705fec152bb89140068977b": "Nearly all of them are so small", + "5705fec152bb89140068977c": "6.7", + "5705fec152bb89140068977d": "property damage", + "5705fec152bb89140068977e": "over $20 billion", + "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebc": "", + "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebd": "", + "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebe": "about 10,000", + "5ad03c7377cf76001a686ebf": "15\u201320", + "5705ffde52bb891400689784": "San Andreas Fault", + "5705ffde52bb891400689785": "6.7+", + "5705ffde52bb891400689786": "the Puente Hills Fault", + "5705ffde52bb891400689787": "USGS", + "5705ffde52bb891400689788": "California Earthquake forecast", + "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ecc": "", + "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ecd": "San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone", + "5ad03d2277cf76001a686ece": "", + 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"5ad042cf77cf76001a686f27": "", + "5ad042cf77cf76001a686f28": "", + "570607f575f01819005e78b4": "Los Angeles", + "570607f575f01819005e78b5": "", + "570607f575f01819005e78b6": "twelve", + "570607f575f01819005e78b7": "100,000", + "570607f575f01819005e78b8": "Riverside", + "5ad0440877cf76001a686f3e": "", + "5ad0440877cf76001a686f3f": "", + "5ad0440877cf76001a686f40": "", + "5ad0440877cf76001a686f41": "", + "5ad0440877cf76001a686f42": "", + "5706094b52bb8914006897de": "petroleum", + "5706094b52bb8914006897df": "Hollywood", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": "housing bubble", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": "diverse", + "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": "heavily impacted", + "5ad044f077cf76001a686f58": "", + "5ad044f077cf76001a686f59": "", + "5ad044f077cf76001a686f5a": "abundance of petroleum", + "5ad044f077cf76001a686f5b": "", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": "the 1920s", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": "richest", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": "cattle", + "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": "citrus", + 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"5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea33": "", + "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea34": "", + "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea35": "", + "5a2c31abbfd06b001a5aea36": "", + "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": "DVB-compliant MPEG-2", + "570966e0200fba1400367f50": "Dolby Digital", + "570966e0200fba1400367f51": "MPEG-4", + "570966e0200fba1400367f52": "", + "570966e0200fba1400367f53": "DVB-S2", + "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea71": "", + "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea72": "", + "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea73": "", + "5a2c382dbfd06b001a5aea74": "", + "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": "1998", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": "Astra 2A", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": "Eurobird 1", + "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": "hundreds", + "570967c4ed30961900e840be": "28.5\u00b0E", + "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea5f": "", + "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea60": "", + "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea61": "", + "5a2c3595bfd06b001a5aea62": "", + "5709686c200fba1400367f77": "22 May 2006", + "5709686c200fba1400367f78": "40,000", + "5709686c200fba1400367f79": "Thomson", + "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": "17,000", + "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": "4,222,000", + "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea29": "", + "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2a": "", + "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2b": "", + "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2c": "the BBC", + "5a2c30dabfd06b001a5aea2d": "", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": "8 February 2007", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": "March", + "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": "", + "57096b66200fba1400367faa": "Virgin Media", + "57096b66200fba1400367fab": "English Premier League Football", + "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9dd": "", + "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9de": "", + "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9df": "", + "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9e0": "", + "5a2c1622bfd06b001a5ae9e1": "", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": "free-to-view", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": "a monthly subscription", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": "VideoGuard UK", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": "Ku band LNB (9.75/10.600 GHz", + "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "", + "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea67": "monthly subscription", + "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea68": "", + "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea69": "", + "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea6a": "", + "5a2c36c4bfd06b001a5aea6b": "", + "57096e1ced30961900e84102": "autumn of 1991", + "57096e1ced30961900e84103": "ITV", + "57096e1ced30961900e84104": "\u00a334m per year", + "57096e1ced30961900e84105": "The BBC", + "57096e1ced30961900e84106": "\u00a3304m", + "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae993": "", + "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae994": "", + "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae995": "", + "5a2c0a5abfd06b001a5ae996": "", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": "Ofcom", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": "\u00a315\u2013100,000", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": "BSkyB has no veto over the presence of channels on their EPG", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": "BSkyB does not carry any control over the channel's content", + "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": "BSkyB does not carry any control over the channel's content or carriage issues such as picture quality", + "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea83": "", + "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea84": "", + "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea85": "", + "5a2c3ca9bfd06b001a5aea86": "", + "57097051ed30961900e84132": "1 October 1998", + "57097051ed30961900e84133": "Sky Digital", + "57097051ed30961900e84134": "Open...", + "57097051ed30961900e84135": "ONdigital", + "57097051ed30961900e84136": "over 100,000", + "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9b9": "", + "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9ba": "", + "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9bb": "", + "5a2c0fb8bfd06b001a5ae9bc": "", + "57097141200fba1400367ff9": "2007", + "57097141200fba1400367ffa": "", + "57097141200fba1400367ffb": "Video On Demand service", + "57097141200fba1400367ffc": "BBC HD", + "57097141200fba1400367ffd": "Channel 4 HD", + "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8b": "", + "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8c": "", + "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8d": "", + "5a2c3d73bfd06b001a5aea8e": "", + "57097b50200fba140036804d": "10 million", + "57097b50200fba140036804e": "more than 25m people", + "57097b50200fba140036804f": "August 2004", + "57097b50200fba1400368050": "36%", + "57097b50200fba1400368051": "flattened", + "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c1": "", + "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c2": "", + "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c3": "", + "5a2c116ebfd06b001a5ae9c4": "", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "Welfare Cash Card", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": "essentials", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "often damaging", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": "Sky TV bills", + "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "betray a man's presence in the household", + "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9c9": "", + "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9ca": "", + "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9cb": "often damaging", + "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9cc": "", + "5a2c1397bfd06b001a5ae9cd": "", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": "\u00a330m", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": "Currently there is no indication", + "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": "Virgin Media", + "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": "", + "57097d63ed30961900e84200": "", + "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aea9d": "", + "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aea9e": "", + "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aea9f": "", + "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aeaa0": "", + "5a2c40b8bfd06b001a5aeaa1": "", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": "highly diversified", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": "second", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": "fourth", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": "Melbourne", + "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": "The Melbourne Cricket Ground", + "5a6374de68151a001a9222e6": "public universities", + "5a6374de68151a001a9222e7": "second", + "5a6374de68151a001a9222e8": "", + "5a6374de68151a001a9222e9": "Melbourne", + "5a6374de68151a001a9222ea": "eight", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": "Bendigo", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": "New South Wales", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": "Buckland Valley near Bright", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": "over 1,000", + "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": "cramped and unsanitary", + "5a637a8868151a001a922304": "Bendigo", + "5a637a8868151a001a922305": "", + "5a637a8868151a001a922306": "Buckland Valley near Bright", + "5a637a8868151a001a922307": "", + "5a637a8868151a001a922308": "", + "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": "multi-member proportional representation system", + "570d26efb3d812140066d490": "eight", + "570d26efb3d812140066d491": "five", + "570d26efb3d812140066d492": "", + "570d26efb3d812140066d493": "November every four years", + "5a637f8768151a001a922318": "22", + "5a637f8768151a001a922319": "five", + "5a637f8768151a001a92231b": "", + "5a637f8768151a001a92231c": "", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": "Labor", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": "Liberals", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": "The Nationals", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": "The Greens", + "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": "Labor", + "5a63866968151a001a922336": "", + "5a63866968151a001a922337": "Liberals", + "5a63866968151a001a922338": "Australian Greens", + "5a63866968151a001a922339": "", + "5a63866968151a001a92233a": "", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "61.1%", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": "26.7%", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": "Buddhism", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": "168,637", + "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "Around 20%", + "5a63888168151a001a922340": "", + "5a63888168151a001a922341": "", + "5a63888168151a001a922342": "", + "5a63888168151a001a922343": "168,637", + "5a63888168151a001a922344": "152,775", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": "south-east", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": "Australia's most densely populated", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": "second-most populous", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": "Melbourne", + "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": "second-largest", + "5a636c5a68151a001a9222c8": "", + "5a636c5a68151a001a9222c9": "second-largest", + "5a636c5a68151a001a9222ca": "second-largest", + "5a636c5a68151a001a9222cb": "", + "5a636c5a68151a001a9222cc": "", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": "Koori", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": "1788", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": "Sullivan Bay", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": "Sullivan Bay", + "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": "1803", + "5a636ede68151a001a9222d2": "", + "5a636ede68151a001a9222d3": "", + "5a636ede68151a001a9222d4": "Sullivan Bay", + "5a636ede68151a001a9222d5": "", + "5a636ede68151a001a9222d6": "", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": "More than 26,000 square kilometres", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": "50%", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": "6,000 square kilometres", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": "90%", + "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": "270,000", + "5a638d2768151a001a92236e": "", + "5a638d2768151a001a92236f": "", + "5a638d2768151a001a922370": "", + "5a638d2768151a001a922371": "90%", + "5a638d2768151a001a922372": "", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": "1975", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": "1855 colonial constitution", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": "Parliament of Victoria", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": "either an absolute majority in both houses, a three-fifths majority in both houses, or the approval of the Victorian people in a referendum", + "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": "", + "5a63835a68151a001a92232c": "", + "5a63835a68151a001a92232d": "1855 colonial constitution", + "5a63835a68151a001a92232e": "", + "5a63835a68151a001a92232f": "either an absolute majority in both houses, a three-fifths majority in both houses, or the approval of the Victorian people in a referendum", + "5a63835a68151a001a922330": "", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": "hot winds", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": "32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F)", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": "", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": "48.8 \u00b0C", + "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": "7 February 2009", + "5a6395e668151a001a9223a0": "2\u20137 \u00b0C (4\u201313 \u00b0F)", + "5a6395e668151a001a9223a1": "15 \u00b0C (59 \u00b0F)", + "5a6395e668151a001a9223a2": "32 \u00b0C", + "5a6395e668151a001a9223a3": "", + "5a6395e668151a001a9223a4": "2009", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": "state or government schools", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": "Victoria Department of Education", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": "extra costs", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": "Roman Catholic", + "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": "curriculum standards", + "5a638a2468151a001a92234a": "", + "5a638a2468151a001a92234b": "", + "5a638a2468151a001a92234c": "", + "5a638a2468151a001a92234d": "Roman Catholic Church", + "5a638a2468151a001a92234e": "curriculum standards", + "570d3468b3d812140066d543": "Ford's Victorian plants", + "570d3468b3d812140066d544": "February 2014", + "570d3468b3d812140066d545": "May 2013", + "570d3468b3d812140066d546": "October 2016", + "570d3468b3d812140066d547": "", + "5a638ffe68151a001a922382": "", + "5a638ffe68151a001a922383": "", + "5a638ffe68151a001a922384": "May 2013", + "5a638ffe68151a001a922385": "", + "5a638ffe68151a001a922386": "", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "2,000 m (6,600 ft)", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": "Mount Bogong", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "1,986 m (6,516 ft)", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": "river", + "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": "helmeted honeyeater", + "5a6394b768151a001a922396": "2,000 m (6,600 ft)", + "5a6394b768151a001a922397": "Mount Bogong", + "5a6394b768151a001a922398": "", + "5a6394b768151a001a922399": "", + "5a6394b768151a001a92239a": "pink heath", + "570d391fb3d812140066d575": "The Victorian Alps in the northeast", + "570d391fb3d812140066d576": "Great Dividing Range", + "570d391fb3d812140066d577": "east-west", + "570d391fb3d812140066d578": "below 0 \u00b0C (32 \u00b0F)", + "570d391fb3d812140066d579": "\u221211.7 \u00b0C", + "5a63969068151a001a9223aa": "", + "5a63969068151a001a9223ab": "Great Dividing Range", + "5a63969068151a001a9223ac": "", + "5a63969068151a001a9223ad": "", + "5a63969068151a001a9223ae": "\u221211.7 \u00b0C", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": "government", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": "Metro Trains Melbourne", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": "Victorian Government", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": "freight", + "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": "extensive, electrified, passenger system", + "5a63981168151a001a9223b4": "government", + "5a63981168151a001a9223b5": "Metro Trains Melbourne", + "5a63981168151a001a9223b6": "", + "5a63981168151a001a9223b7": "Pacific National, CFCL Australia", + "5a63981168151a001a9223b8": "", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": "37", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": "12", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": "Legislative Assembly", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": "Legislative Council", + "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": "Linda Dessau", + "5a63730568151a001a9222dc": "37", + "5a63730568151a001a9222dd": "", + "5a63730568151a001a9222de": "Legislative Assembly", + "5a63730568151a001a9222df": "Legislative Council", + "5a63730568151a001a9222e0": "", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": "1 July 1851", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": "1851", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": "one of the largest gold rushes", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": "sevenfold", + "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": "20 million ounces", + "5a63787868151a001a9222fa": "", + "5a63787868151a001a9222fb": "", + "5a63787868151a001a9222fc": "", + "5a63787868151a001a9222fd": "", + "5a63787868151a001a9222fe": "20 million ounces", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": "1,548", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": "489", + "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": "Just under 540,800", + "570d44abb3d812140066d600": "63,519", + "570d44abb3d812140066d601": "Over 61 per cent", + "5a638b3668151a001a92235a": "", + "5a638b3668151a001a92235b": "489", + "5a638b3668151a001a92235c": "", + "5a638b3668151a001a92235d": "", + "5a638b3668151a001a92235e": "", + "570d4606b3d812140066d619": "Victoria", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "3 million", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "60%", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "6.4 billion litres", + "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "Asia", + "5a638e4468151a001a922378": "", + "5a638e4468151a001a922379": "", + "5a638e4468151a001a92237a": "60%", + "5a638e4468151a001a92237b": "", + "5a638e4468151a001a92237c": "", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": "1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": "1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1\u20442 in) standard gauge", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": "760 mm (2 ft 6 in)", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": "mountainous areas", + "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": "five", + "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150aef": "", + "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af0": "", + "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af1": "Victorian lines mainly use the 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)", + "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af2": "", + "5a6398fd7f3c80001a150af3": "", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": "1788", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": "New South Wales", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": "New Holland", + "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": "Sydney", + "5a63772268151a001a9222f0": "", + "5a63772268151a001a9222f2": "New Holland", + "5a63772268151a001a9222f3": "", + "5a63772268151a001a9222f4": "", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": "1854", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": "Eureka Stockade", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": "British troops", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": "mining licence fees", + "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": "Colony of Victoria Act 1855", + "5a637c6268151a001a92230e": "1854", + "5a637c6268151a001a92230f": "", + "5a637c6268151a001a922310": "mining licence fees", + "5a637c6268151a001a922311": "", + "5a637c6268151a001a922312": "", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": "", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": "The Premier", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": "representatives elected to either house of parliament", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": "Daniel Andrews", + "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": "elected to either house of parliament", + "5a6381d868151a001a922322": "", + "5a6381d868151a001a922323": "", + "5a6381d868151a001a922324": "", + "5a6381d868151a001a922325": "", + "5a6381d868151a001a922326": "", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": "17%", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": "17%", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": "32,463", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": "136,000 square kilometres", + "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": "60%", + "5a638bf768151a001a922364": "", + "5a638bf768151a001a922365": "17%", + "5a638bf768151a001a922366": "", + "5a638bf768151a001a922367": "A quarter", + "5a638bf768151a001a922368": "A quarter", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": "tourism", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": "sports tourism", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": "Melbourne", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": "regional cities", + "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": "SurfClassic", + "5a6391c268151a001a92238c": "", + "5a6391c268151a001a92238d": "", + "5a6391c268151a001a92238e": "", + "5a6391c268151a001a92238f": "regional cities", + "5a6391c268151a001a922390": "", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": "southern and central", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": "one-eighth", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": "1562 to 1598", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": "Edict of Nantes", + "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": "substantial religious, political and military autonomy", + "5ad23fded7d075001a4288fc": "", + "5ad23fded7d075001a4288fd": "", + "5ad23fded7d075001a4288fe": "", + "5ad23fded7d075001a4288ff": "", + "5ad23fded7d075001a428900": "", + "57106185b654c5140001f8db": "derision", + "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": "Besan\u00e7on Hugues", + "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": "Geneva", + "57106185b654c5140001f8de": "Amboise", + "57106185b654c5140001f8df": "1560", + "5ad241c7d7d075001a428978": "", + "5ad241c7d7d075001a428979": "housemates", + "5ad241c7d7d075001a42897a": "Geneva", + "5ad241c7d7d075001a42897b": "", + "5ad241c7d7d075001a42897c": "", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": "The availability of the Bible in vernacular languages", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "1294", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": "Guyard de Moulin", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": "1487", + "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": "Paris", + "5ad243abd7d075001a428a10": "1294", + "5ad243abd7d075001a428a11": "France", + "5ad243abd7d075001a428a12": "", + "5ad243abd7d075001a428a13": "", + "5ad243abd7d075001a428a14": "", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": "villes de s\u00fbret\u00e9", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": "Montpellier", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": "1622", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": "Edict of Al\u00e8s", + "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "1598", + "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bb8": "Protestant rule was dead and the ville de s\u00fbret\u00e9 was no more", + "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bb9": "Montpellier", + "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bba": "", + "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bbb": "1629", + "5ad24a2ad7d075001a428bbc": "", + "571077ecb654c5140001f909": "Cape of Good Hope", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": "Cape Town", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": "Maria de la Queillerie", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": "Dutch East India Company", + "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": "1700", + "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e6e": "", + "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e6f": "commander Jan van Riebeeck", + "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e70": "", + "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e71": "", + "5ad25b9ed7d075001a428e72": "", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": "1624", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": "Jess\u00e9 de Forest", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": "L'\u00c9glise fran\u00e7aise \u00e0 la Nouvelle-Amsterdam", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": "L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit", + "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": "Brooklyn", + "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f2e": "", + "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f2f": "", + "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f30": "", + "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f31": "", + "5ad25e99d7d075001a428f32": "", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": "Charleston", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": "Charleston", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": "1697", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": "Edmund Bellinger", + "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": "Pons", + "5ad263d9d7d075001a429122": "", + "5ad263d9d7d075001a429123": "", + "5ad263d9d7d075001a429124": "1685", + "5ad263d9d7d075001a429125": "", + "5ad263d9d7d075001a429126": "", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": "Stadtholder William III of Orange", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": "King of England", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": "League of Augsburg", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": "Dutch Republic", + "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": "1672", + "5ad267dbd7d075001a42923e": "", + "5ad267dbd7d075001a42923f": "", + "5ad267dbd7d075001a429240": "", + "5ad267dbd7d075001a429241": "", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "Edict of Fontainebleau", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "1685", + "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": "", + "57107d73b654c5140001f920": "500,000", + "5ad24056d7d075001a42892c": "", + "5ad24057d7d075001a42892e": "", + "5ad24057d7d075001a42892f": "", + "5ad24057d7d075001a428930": "", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": "The Catholic Church in France", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": "St. Bartholomew's Day massacre", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": "5,000 to 30,000", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": "their own militia", + "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": "", + "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a92": "5,000 to 30,000", + "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a93": "", + "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a94": "", + "5ad2454cd7d075001a428a95": "", + "57108073b654c5140001f925": "the Huguenot rebellions", + "57108073b654c5140001f926": "southwestern France", + "57108073b654c5140001f927": "between 1621 and 1629", + "57108073b654c5140001f928": "Henry IV", + "57108073b654c5140001f929": "Louis XIII", + "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be4": "1629", + "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be5": "", + "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be6": "Huguenot", + "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be7": "", + "5ad24b60d7d075001a428be8": "", + "57108198b654c5140001f937": "Approximately one million", + "57108198b654c5140001f938": "2%", + "57108198b654c5140001f939": "Alsace", + "57108198b654c5140001f93a": "C\u00e9vennes mountain region", + "57108198b654c5140001f93b": "A diaspora of French Australians", + "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc6": "A diaspora of French Australians", + "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc7": "", + "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc8": "", + "5ad25878d7d075001a428dc9": "", + "5ad25878d7d075001a428dca": "", + "57108c95b654c5140001f979": "New Rochelle", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": "New Paltz", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": "Huguenot Street Historic District", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": "the oldest street in the United States of America", + "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": "Staten Island", + "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f60": "21 miles", + "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f61": "21 miles", + "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f62": "", + "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f63": "the south shore of Staten Island", + "5ad25f29d7d075001a428f64": "", + "57108d69b654c5140001f983": "the Dutch Republic", + "57108d69b654c5140001f984": "75,000 to 100,000", + "57108d69b654c5140001f985": "", + "57108d69b654c5140001f986": "Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia", + "57108d69b654c5140001f987": "Edict of Nantes", + "5ad268cbd7d075001a429292": "", + "5ad268cbd7d075001a429293": "", + "5ad268cbd7d075001a429294": "", + "5ad268cbd7d075001a429295": "200", + "5ad268cbd7d075001a429296": "", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": "Tours", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": "Huguon", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": "le roi Huguet", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": "pr\u00e9tendus r\u00e9form\u00e9s", + "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": "at night", + "5ad24319d7d075001a4289cc": "", + "5ad24319d7d075001a4289cd": "", + "5ad24319d7d075001a4289ce": "", + "5ad24319d7d075001a4289cf": "1560", + "5ad24319d7d075001a4289d0": "", + "571090abb654c5140001f995": "Kent", + "571090abb654c5140001f996": "The Weavers", + "571090abb654c5140001f997": "economic separation", + "571090abb654c5140001f998": "Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstone", + "571090abb654c5140001f999": "a restaurant", + "5ad26c87d7d075001a429398": "1830", + "5ad26c87d7d075001a429399": "Canterbury", + "5ad26c87d7d075001a42939a": "Canterbury", + "5ad26c87d7d075001a42939b": "", + "5ad26c87d7d075001a42939c": "", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": "Dublin, Cork, Youghal and Waterford", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": "Cork City", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": "Dublin", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": "a High Sheriff and one of the founders of the Bank of Ireland", + "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": "1696", + "5ad27081d7d075001a429454": "", + "5ad27081d7d075001a429455": "", + "5ad27081d7d075001a429456": "", + "5ad27081d7d075001a429457": "", + "5ad27081d7d075001a429458": "", + "57109275b654c5140001f99f": "brain drain", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": "New France", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": "non-Catholics", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": "the Seven Years' War", + "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": "1759-60", + "5ad27473d7d075001a4294e8": "", + "5ad27473d7d075001a4294e9": "", + "5ad27473d7d075001a4294ea": "", + "5ad27473d7d075001a4294eb": "British", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": "Henry of Navarre", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": "1598", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": "granted the Protestants equality with Catholics under the throne and a degree of religious and political freedom within their domains", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": "the founding of new Protestant churches in Catholic-controlled regions", + "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": "Protestantism", + "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8c": "", + "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8d": "1598", + "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8e": "", + "5ad248f7d7d075001a428b8f": "", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": "education of children as Catholics", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": "prohibited emigration", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": "Four thousand", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": "new converts", + "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": "New York and Virginia", + "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c4e": "", + "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c4f": "North American colonies", + "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c50": "", + "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c51": "", + "5ad24e85d7d075001a428c52": "", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": "Switzerland and the Netherlands", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": "1555", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": "France Antarctique", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": "1560", + "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": "the Guanabara Confession of Faith", + "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0c": "around 500", + "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0d": "", + "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0e": "around 500", + "5ad25963d7d075001a428e0f": "", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": "Afrikaans", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": "wine", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": "Western Cape province", + "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": "surnames", + "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea4": "the Huguenots", + "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea5": "", + "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea6": "de Klerk (Le Clercq)", + "5ad25c69d7d075001a428ea7": "Rossouw (Rousseau)", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": "Paul Revere", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": "Henry Laurens", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": "Charleston", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": "Manakin Episcopal Church", + "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": "Texas", + "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b2": "", + "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b3": "", + "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b4": "", + "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b5": "", + "5ad26586d7d075001a4291b6": "", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": "British lace", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "Bucks Point", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "The only reference to immigrant lacemakers in this period is of twenty-five widows who settled in Dover", + "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": "first half of the eighteenth century", + "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f2": "", + "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f3": "", + "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f4": "", + "5ad26e85d7d075001a4293f5": "", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": "Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": "one-fifth", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": "protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleon", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": "1806-07", + "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": "Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden", + "5ad27294d7d075001a42949a": "", + "5ad27294d7d075001a42949b": "", + "5ad27294d7d075001a42949c": "", + "5ad27294d7d075001a42949d": "", + "5ad27294d7d075001a42949e": "one-fifth", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": "Prussia", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": "C\u00e9vennes region", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": "the Camisards", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": "the Catholic Church", + "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": "1702 and 1709", + "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c88": "", + "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c89": "200,000 to 1,000,000", + "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c8a": "", + "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c8b": "", + "5ad24f27d7d075001a428c8c": "", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": "Jacksonville", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": "Jean Ribault", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": "Fort Caroline", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": "Pedro Menendez", + "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": "", + "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e40": "", + "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e41": "", + "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e42": "", + "5ad25aa1d7d075001a428e43": "", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": "Charlesfort", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": "Southeastern U.S", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": "1562", + "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": "Wars of Religion", + "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eec": "", + "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eed": "", + "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eee": "", + "5ad25d49d7d075001a428eef": "", + "5ad25d49d7d075001a428ef0": "1564", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": "Virginia", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": "Lower Norfolk County", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": "Manakin Town", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": "390", + "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": "12 May 1705", + "5ad26278d7d075001a4290ac": "", + "5ad26278d7d075001a4290ad": "390", + "5ad26278d7d075001a4290ae": "390", + "5ad26278d7d075001a4290af": "", + "5ad26278d7d075001a4290b0": "", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": "1568\u20131609", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": "Spain", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": "\"Apologie\" of William the Silent", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": "Huguenot Pierre L'Oyseleur, lord of Villiers", + "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": "Calvinist", + "5ad266f8d7d075001a429206": "", + "5ad266f8d7d075001a429207": "Huguenot", + "5ad266f8d7d075001a429208": "", + "5ad266f8d7d075001a429209": "", + "5ad266f8d7d075001a42920a": "Gaspard de Coligny", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": "Foreign Protestants Naturalization Act", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": "1708", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": "50,000", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": "Andrew Lortie", + "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": "transubstantiation", + "5ad26ba1d7d075001a429358": "50,000", + "5ad26ba1d7d075001a429359": "50,000", + "5ad26ba1d7d075001a42935a": "Andr\u00e9 Lortie", + "5ad26ba1d7d075001a42935b": "Andr\u00e9 Lortie", + "5ad26ba1d7d075001a42935c": "50,000", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": "Williamite war", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": "William of Orange", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": "Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": "flax cultivation and the growth of the Irish linen", + "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": "linen", + "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429422": "", + "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429423": "Dublin, Cork, Portarlington, Lisburn, Waterford and Youghal", + "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429424": "Killeshandra", + "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429425": "land grants and titles", + "5ad26f6ed7d075001a429426": "", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": "Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbr\u00fccken", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": "glass-making", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "1890s", + "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": "1604", + "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294b8": "", + "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294b9": "", + "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294ba": "Prince Louis de Cond\u00e9", + "5ad273b5d7d075001a4294bb": "1604", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": "Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": "Protestant", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": "Dutch Cape Colony", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": "Quebec", + "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": "they were accepted and allowed to worship freely.", + "5ad240eed7d075001a428940": "England", + "5ad240eed7d075001a428941": "", + "5ad240eed7d075001a428942": "", + "5ad240eed7d075001a428943": "", + "5ad240eed7d075001a428944": "", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": "Hugues Capet", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": "Hugues hypothesis", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": "Janet Gray", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": "roughly equivalent to little Hugos", + "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": "non-French linguistic origins", + "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898a": "", + "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898b": "Protestants", + "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898c": "", + "5ad2424cd7d075001a42898d": "", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": "Jacques Lefevre", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": "University of Paris", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": "1530", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": "William Farel", + "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": "John Calvin)", + "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a68": "", + "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a69": "Paris", + "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a6a": "", + "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a6b": "", + "5ad2447dd7d075001a428a6c": "", + "57111428b654c5140001faff": "24 August \u2013 3 October 1572", + "57111428b654c5140001fb00": "Catholics", + "57111428b654c5140001fb01": "", + "57111428b654c5140001fb02": "1573", + "57111429b654c5140001fb03": "25,000", + "5ad24600d7d075001a428ac8": "", + "5ad24600d7d075001a428ac9": "Paris", + "5ad24600d7d075001a428aca": "25,000", + "5ad24600d7d075001a428acb": "", + "5ad24600d7d075001a428acc": "", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "Louis XIV", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": "acted increasingly aggressively to force the Huguenots to convert", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": "he sent missionaries", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": "closed Huguenot schools", + "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": "dragonnades", + "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c1e": "", + "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c1f": "", + "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c20": "1685", + "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c21": "", + "5ad24d2ad7d075001a428c22": "", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": "Westchester", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": "Davenports Neck", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": "John Pell, Lord of Pelham Manor", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": "La Rochelle", + "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": "Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church", + "5ad2615ed7d075001a429018": "the Huguenots", + "5ad2615ed7d075001a429019": "six thousand one hundred acres", + "5ad2615ed7d075001a42901a": "John Pell, Lord of Pelham Manor, a tract of land consisting of six thousand one hundred acres with the help of Jacob Leisler", + "5ad2615ed7d075001a42901b": "", + "5ad2615ed7d075001a42901c": "A small", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": "The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": "The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": "E.I. du Pont", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": "well into the nineteenth century", + "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": "Eleutherian gunpowder mills", + "5ad264d7d7d075001a429174": "", + "5ad264d7d7d075001a429175": "", + "5ad264d7d7d075001a429176": "", + "5ad264d7d7d075001a429177": "The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French communities", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": "Pierre Bayle", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": "Rotterdam", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": "Historical and Critical Dictionary", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": "US Library of Congress", + "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": "Nicolas", + "5ad26acad7d075001a42932a": "", + "5ad26acad7d075001a42932b": "", + "5ad26acad7d075001a42932c": "Dutch Sint Nicolaas (Sinterklaas) feast", + "5ad26acad7d075001a42932d": "multi-volume", + "57111992b654c5140001fb43": "The French Protestant Church of London", + "57111992b654c5140001fb44": "1550", + "57111992b654c5140001fb45": "Soho Square", + "57111992b654c5140001fb46": "Shoreditch", + "57111992b654c5140001fb47": "1724", + "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d4": "", + "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d5": "", + "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d6": "", + "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d7": "about a third", + "5ad26dbcd7d075001a4293d8": "", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": "Lutheran and Reformed", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": "", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": "Edict of Potsdam", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": "Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia", + "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": "furnished two new regiments", + "5ad271c2d7d075001a429472": "", + "5ad271c2d7d075001a429473": "", + "5ad271c2d7d075001a429474": "4,000", + "5ad271c2d7d075001a429475": "", + "5ad271c2d7d075001a429476": "", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": "Frederick William", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": "Theodor Fontane", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": "Adolf Galland", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "Lothar de Maizi\u00e8re", + "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": "Minister of the Interior", + "5ad275ccd7d075001a42950e": "", + "5ad275ccd7d075001a42950f": "", + "5ad275ccd7d075001a429510": "Luftwaffe", + "5ad275ccd7d075001a429511": "Huguenot", + "5ad275ccd7d075001a429512": "", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": "solar power", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": "the Rankine cycle", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": "steam", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": "high pressure", + "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": "external combustion engines", + "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef2d": "", + "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef2e": "", + "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef2f": "", + "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef30": "", + "5ad3bd8f604f3c001a3fef31": "", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": "atmospheric engine", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": "Thomas Newcomen", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": "1712", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": "", + "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": "Papin", + "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff017": "", + "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff018": "", + "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff019": "", + "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff01a": "", + "5ad3c637604f3c001a3ff01b": "", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": "United Kingdom", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": "21 February 1804", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": "Abercynon", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": "", + "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": "south", + "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff183": "", + "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff184": "21 February 1804", + "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff185": "", + "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff186": "Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon in south Wales", + "5ad3cd43604f3c001a3ff187": "south Wales", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": "a water pump", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": "multi-stage centrifugal pumps", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": "1850s", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": "steam locomotives", + "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": "lower-pressure boiler feed water", + "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63b": "", + "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63c": "", + "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63d": "", + "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63e": "steam locomotives", + "5ad3e83e604f3c001a3ff63f": "", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": "three or four", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": "quadruple expansion engines", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": "late 19th century", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": "marine triple expansion engines", + "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": "Olympic class", + "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fb": "three or four expansion stages", + "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fc": "", + "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fd": "", + "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004fe": "", + "5ad41b12604f3c001a4004ff": "", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": "Corliss", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": "Joy", + "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": "lengthening rubbing surfaces of the valve", + "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f5": "Corliss, and later, poppet valve gears", + "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f6": "", + "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f7": "", + "5ad3f35c604f3c001a3ff8f8": "", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fusible plugs", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": "the lead melts", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": "the steam escapes", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": "manually suppress the fire", + "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": "dampening the fire", + "5ad40ec6604f3c001a40012f": "Lead fusible plugs", + "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400130": "the lead melts", + "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400131": "the steam escapes", + "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400132": "manually suppress the fire", + "5ad40ec6604f3c001a400133": "dampening the fire", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": "James Watt", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": "rotary", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": "ten", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": "1883", + "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": "the Industrial Revolution", + "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5b": "", + "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5c": "rotary", + "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5d": "10,000 hp", + "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5e": "", + "5ad3bf63604f3c001a3fef5f": "", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": "first century AD", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": "Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": "Greek", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": "Giovanni Branca", + "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": "1606", + "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb1": "first century AD", + "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb2": "", + "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb3": "", + "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb4": "", + "5ad3c46a604f3c001a3fefb5": "", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": "compound engines", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": "expansions", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": "shipping", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": "coal", + "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": "internal combustion engines", + "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff143": "", + "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff144": "expansions", + "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff145": "shipping", + "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff146": "coal", + "5ad3cc47604f3c001a3ff147": "internal combustion engines", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": "steam turbines", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": "late", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": "several hundred horsepower", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": "90%", + "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": "electric", + "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff293": "", + "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff294": "", + "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff295": "several hundred horsepower", + "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff296": "", + "5ad3d3af604f3c001a3ff297": "", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": "burning combustible materials with an appropriate supply of air", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": "combustion chamber", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": "solar energy", + "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": "electric", + "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff30d": "waste heat", + "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff30e": "combustion chamber", + "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff30f": "", + "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff310": "solar", + "5ad3d689604f3c001a3ff311": "electric heating element", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": "steam engine indicator", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": "1851", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": "Charles Porter", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": "Charles Richard", + "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": "London Exhibition", + "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66b": "", + "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66c": "1851", + "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66d": "Charles Porter", + "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66e": "Charles Richard", + "5ad3e8f6604f3c001a3ff66f": "London Exhibition", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": "90\u00b0 out of phase with each other", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": "180\u00b0", + "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": "90\u00b0", + "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a1": "90\u00b0 out of phase with each other", + "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a2": "180\u00b0", + "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a3": "90\u00b0", + "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a4": "the individual pistons within the group are usually balanced at 180\u00b0", + "5ad3ed37604f3c001a3ff7a5": "the pistons worked in the same phase driving a common crosshead and crank", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": "counterflow", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": "two", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": "one", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": "four", + "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": "expansion", + "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff829": "counterflow", + "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82a": "", + "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82b": "one", + "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82c": "four", + "5ad3f03c604f3c001a3ff82d": "expansion", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": "The Quasiturbine", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": "counterflow cycle", + "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": "an additional port uncovered by the piston", + "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff963": "Quasiturbine", + "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff964": "", + "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff965": "an additional port uncovered by the piston", + "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff966": "", + "5ad3f4ed604f3c001a3ff967": "", + "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "oscillating cylinder steam engine", + "57114b1a2419e31400955576": "trunnion", + "57114b1a2419e31400955577": "models", + "57114b1a2419e31400955578": "ships", + "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7b": "oscillating cylinder steam engine", + "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7c": "", + "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7d": "models", + "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7e": "ships", + "5ad3fc1f604f3c001a3ffb7f": "An oscillating cylinder steam engine", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": "the working fluid is recycled continuously", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "open loop\" system", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": "Mercury", + "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": "water", + "5ad415fd604f3c001a400327": "", + "5ad415fd604f3c001a400328": "", + "5ad415fd604f3c001a400329": "", + "5ad415fd604f3c001a40032a": "Mercury", + "5ad415fd604f3c001a40032b": "", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": "working fluid", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": "565", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": "stainless steel", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": "30 \u00b0C", + "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": "63%", + "5ad418fb604f3c001a400431": "working fluid", + "5ad418fb604f3c001a400432": "565 \u00b0C", + "5ad418fb604f3c001a400433": "", + "5ad418fb604f3c001a400434": "30 \u00b0C", + "5ad418fb604f3c001a400435": "", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam engines", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": "steamboats", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": "the Stanley Steamer", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": "factories", + "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": "an increase in the land available for cultivation", + "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef8d": "", + "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef8e": "steamboats", + "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef8f": "motorcycles", + "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef90": "factories", + "5ad3c1ad604f3c001a3fef91": "", + "571153422419e3140095557d": "Catch Me Who Can", + "571153422419e3140095557e": "Matthew Murray", + "571153422419e3140095557f": "twin-cylinder", + "571153422419e31400955580": "the edge railed rack and pinion Middleton Railway", + "571153422419e31400955581": "Stockton and Darlington Railway", + "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff261": "", + "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff262": "Matthew Murray", + "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff263": "", + "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff264": "Stockton and Darlington Railway", + "5ad3d2aa604f3c001a3ff265": "", + "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": "Arthur Woolf", + "5711541350c2381900b54a70": "British", + "5711541350c2381900b54a71": "torque variability", + "5711541350c2381900b54a72": "cylinder volume", + "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71b": "", + "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71c": "", + "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71d": "", + "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71e": "cylinder volume", + "5ad3eb61604f3c001a3ff71f": "", + "571154c72419e31400955587": "90%", + "571154c72419e31400955588": "", + "571154c72419e31400955589": "gas turbines", + "571154c72419e3140095558a": "steam turbines with reduction gearing", + "571154c72419e3140095558b": "reduction gearing", + "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa5d": "90%", + "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa5e": "", + "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa5f": "reciprocating Diesel engines", + "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa60": "reciprocating steam engines", + "5ad3f846604f3c001a3ffa61": "", + "571155ae2419e31400955591": "The Rankine cycle", + "571155ae2419e31400955592": "removed in a condenser", + "571155ae2419e31400955593": "1990s", + "571155ae2419e31400955594": "biomass", + "571155ae2419e31400955595": "Scottish", + "5ad41260604f3c001a40023f": "", + "5ad41260604f3c001a400240": "removed in a condenser", + "5ad41260604f3c001a400241": "1990s", + "5ad41260604f3c001a400242": "biomass", + "5ad41260604f3c001a400243": "", + "571156152419e3140095559b": "its \"duty\"", + "571156152419e3140095559c": "Watt", + "571156152419e3140095559d": "94", + "571156152419e3140095559e": "7 million", + "571156152419e3140095559f": "17", + "5ad41813604f3c001a4003dd": "its \"duty\"", + "5ad41813604f3c001a4003de": "Watt", + "5ad41813604f3c001a4003df": "94", + "5ad41813604f3c001a4003e0": "the number of foot-pounds of work delivered by burning one bushel (94 pounds) of coal", + "5ad41813604f3c001a4003e1": "17", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "steam turbines", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "Reciprocating piston type", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": "turbine", + "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": "internal combustion engines", + "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef6f": "steam turbines", + "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef70": "Reciprocating piston type steam engines", + "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef71": "turbine type steam engines", + "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef72": "internal combustion engines", + "5ad3c061604f3c001a3fef73": "", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": "Thomas Savery", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": "a water pump", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": "1698", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": "Bento de Moura Portugal", + "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": "John Smeaton", + "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff1": "Thomas Savery", + "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff2": "", + "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff3": "", + "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff4": "Bento de Moura Portugal", + "5ad3c57a604f3c001a3feff5": "Bento de Moura Portugal", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": "Richard Trevithick", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": "Richard Trevithick and, separately, Oliver Evans", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": "1802", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": "transport", + "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": "power", + "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e3": "Richard Trevithick", + "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e4": "", + "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e5": "", + "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e6": "transport", + "5ad3cab2604f3c001a3ff0e7": "", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": "Energiprojekt AB", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": "Sweden", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": "5", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": "8.8", + "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": "27-30%", + "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b1": "Energiprojekt AB", + "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b2": "", + "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b3": "", + "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b4": "8.8", + "5ad3d4db604f3c001a3ff2b5": "", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": "surface condensers", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": "automobile radiator", + "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": "locations where water is costly", + "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": "wet)", + "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": "3600", + "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff35d": "surface condensers", + "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff35e": "", + "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff35f": "", + "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff360": "Evaporative (wet)", + "5ad3d7e0604f3c001a3ff361": "3600", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": "centrifugal governor", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": "Boulton", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": "flour mill", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": "cotton spinning", + "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": "hold a set speed", + "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6df": "", + "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e0": "", + "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e1": "flour mill", + "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e2": "cotton spinning", + "5ad3ea77604f3c001a3ff6e3": "", + "57115e532419e314009555af": "1880", + "57115e532419e314009555b0": "railway locomotives", + "57115e532419e314009555b1": "complicated", + "57115e532419e314009555b2": "1930", + "57115e532419e314009555b3": "road engines", + "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7d7": "1880", + "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7d8": "railway locomotives", + "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7d9": "complicated", + "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7da": "1930", + "5ad3ee11604f3c001a3ff7db": "road engines", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": "shortening the cutoff", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": "kick back", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": "evacuate the cylinder", + "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": "fixed", + "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff865": "", + "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff866": "", + "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff867": "evacuate the cylinder", + "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff868": "", + "5ad3f13e604f3c001a3ff869": "", + "57115f652419e314009555b9": "Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont", + "57115f652419e314009555ba": "Spanish", + "57115f652419e314009555bb": "1606", + "57115f652419e314009555bc": "1698", + "57115f652419e314009555bd": "1712", + "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef37": "", + "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef38": "", + "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef39": "", + "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef3a": "", + "5ad3be46604f3c001a3fef3b": "", + "57115ff82419e314009555c3": "rotating discs", + "57115ff82419e314009555c4": "drive shaft", + "57115ff82419e314009555c5": "static discs", + "57115ff82419e314009555c6": "turbine casing", + "57115ff82419e314009555c7": "3600 revolutions per minute", + "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e3": "steam turbine", + "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e4": "drive shaft", + "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e5": "", + "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e6": "drive shaft", + "5ad3f689604f3c001a3ff9e7": "", + "5711607f2419e314009555cd": "lower", + "5711607f2419e314009555ce": "electric motors", + "5711607f2419e314009555cf": "steam turbine plant", + "5711607f2419e314009555d0": "Advanced Steam movement", + "5711607f2419e314009555d1": "pollution", + "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fef9f": "lower", + "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa0": "electric motors", + "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa1": "", + "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa2": "", + "5ad3c3bc604f3c001a3fefa3": "", + "571161092419e314009555d7": "Wankel engine", + "571161092419e314009555d8": "cylinders and valve gear", + "571161092419e314009555d9": "thermal expansion", + "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeeb": "", + "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeec": "cylinders and valve gear", + "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeed": "thermal expansion", + "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeee": "", + "5ad40864604f3c001a3ffeef": "", + "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "1775", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": "a separate condenser", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": "half", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": "Newcomen's", + "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": "a piston", + "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff045": "1775", + "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff046": "a separate condenser", + "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff047": "half as much coal", + "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff048": "James Watt", + "5ad3c75a604f3c001a3ff049": "a piston", + "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": "two", + "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": "a plug valve", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": "adjustable spring-loaded valve", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": "a seal", + "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": "more power from the engine", + "5ad40b9a604f3c001a400019": "two", + "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001a": "", + "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001b": "adjustable spring-loaded valve", + "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001c": "seal", + "5ad40b9a604f3c001a40001d": "power", + "5711628a2419e314009555dd": "Corliss steam engine", + "5711628a2419e314009555de": "1849", + "5711628a2419e314009555df": "four", + "5711628a2419e314009555e0": "the Rumford medal", + "5711628a2419e314009555e1": "30%", + "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff111": "", + "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff112": "", + "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff113": "", + "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff114": "Rumford medal", + "5ad3cb62604f3c001a3ff115": "30%", + "571163172419e314009555e7": "thermodynamic theory", + "571163172419e314009555e8": "Watt", + "571163172419e314009555e9": "separate condenser", + "571163172419e314009555ea": "Joseph Black", + "571163172419e314009555eb": "latent heat", + "5ad41733604f3c001a40037f": "thermodynamic theory", + "5ad41733604f3c001a400380": "Watt", + "5ad41733604f3c001a400381": "", + "5ad41733604f3c001a400382": "", + "5ad41733604f3c001a400383": "latent heat", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": "relatively little work is required to drive the pump", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": "liquid phase", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": "1% to 3%", + "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": "1500 \u00b0C", + "5ad419f8604f3c001a400499": "relatively little work is required to drive the pump", + "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049a": "liquid phase", + "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049b": "1% to 3%", + "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049c": "1500 \u00b0C", + "5ad419f8604f3c001a40049d": "", + "5711651050c2381900b54acb": "injector", + "5711651050c2381900b54acc": "recover the latent heat of vaporisation", + "5711651050c2381900b54acd": "superheaters", + "5711651050c2381900b54ace": "bunker", + "5711651050c2381900b54acf": "chain or screw stoking mechanism", + "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c5": "", + "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c6": "", + "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c7": "superheaters", + "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c8": "", + "5ad3d560604f3c001a3ff2c9": "", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": "feed water", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": "British", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": "dreadnought battleships", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": "ocean liners", + "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": "1905", + "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7f9": "feed water", + "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fa": "", + "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fb": "", + "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fc": "ocean liners", + "5ad3ef13604f3c001a3ff7fd": "", + "571166352419e314009555f1": "water", + "571166352419e314009555f2": "a turbine connected to an electrical generator", + "571166352419e314009555f3": "an electrical generator", + "571166352419e314009555f4": "turbo-electric transmission", + "571166352419e314009555f5": "Sweden and for express passenger work in Britain", + "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1b": "water", + "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1c": "", + "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1d": "an electrical generator", + "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1e": "", + "5ad3fabc604f3c001a3ffb1f": "Britain", + "5711669550c2381900b54adf": "Carnot cycle", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": "in the condenser", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": "constant pressure", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": "isothermal", + "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": "liquid", + "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002c7": "", + "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002c8": "in the condenser", + "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002c9": "", + "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002ca": "", + "5ad414dd604f3c001a4002cb": "liquid form", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": "8", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": "Diatomic oxygen gas", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": "two", + "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": "half", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": "8", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": "chalcogen", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": "oxides", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": "third-most", + "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": "dioxygen", + "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c4": "Oxygen", + "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c5": "Oxygen", + "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c6": "", + "5ad21646d7d075001a4283c7": "", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": "photosynthesis", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": "sunlight", + "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": "", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": "oxygen", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": "water", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": "photosynthesis", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": "sunlight", + "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": "ozone", + "5ad21e1ad7d075001a42846e": "", + "5ad21e1ad7d075001a42846f": "Oxygen", + "5ad21e1ad7d075001a428470": "", + "5ad21e1ad7d075001a428471": "", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": "Robert Boyle", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": "John Mayow", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": "spiritus nitroaereus", + "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "1679", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": "Robert Boyle", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "spiritus nitroaereus", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": "17th", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": "respiration", + "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": "John Mayow", + "5ad22a95d7d075001a4285da": "", + "5ad22a95d7d075001a4285db": "1641\u20131679", + "5ad22a96d7d075001a4285dc": "", + "5ad22a96d7d075001a4285dd": "", + "5ad22a96d7d075001a4285de": "chemist", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": "Priestley", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": "clergyman", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": "mercuric oxide", + "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": "HgO", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": "", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": "dephlogisticated air", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": "1775", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": "he published his findings first", + "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": "more active and lived longer", + "5ad22cd0d7d075001a428618": "", + "5ad22cd0d7d075001a428619": "", + "5ad22cd0d7d075001a42861a": "", + "5ad22cd0d7d075001a42861b": "dephlogisticated air", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": "Leonardo da Vinci", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": "Philo of Byzantium", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": "BCE", + "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": "", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": "Philo of Byzantium", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": "the classical element fire", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": "Pneumatica", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": "Leonardo da Vinci", + "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": "respiration", + "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a4": "inverting a vessel over a burning candle", + "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a5": "2nd century BCE", + "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a6": "Leonardo da Vinci", + "5ad21f6fd7d075001a4284a7": "", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": "an ignition event", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": "the source of most of the chemical energy released", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": "compounds of oxygen with a high oxidative potential", + "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": "Oxygen", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": "rapid combustion", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "ignition event", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": "oxidant", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": "chemical energy released", + "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": "peroxides, chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates", + "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922c": "rapid combustion", + "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922d": "", + "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922e": "", + "5ad2678ad7d075001a42922f": "Combustion", + "5ad2678ad7d075001a429230": "", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": "", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": "1\u20443", + "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": "O\n2 systems requires special training", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": "combustion", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": "", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": "ignition sources are minimized", + "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": "the Apollo 1 crew", + "5ad2685dd7d075001a429276": "", + "5ad2685dd7d075001a429278": "", + "5ad2685dd7d075001a429279": "proceed rapidly and energetically", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": "mantle", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": "silicon", + "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": "carbon dioxide", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": "carbon dioxide", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": "crust", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": "The Earth's mantle", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": "mantle", + "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": "complex silicates", + "5ad26235d7d075001a429080": "carbon dioxide", + "5ad26235d7d075001a429081": "silicon", + "5ad26235d7d075001a429082": "aluminium oxide Al\n2O\n3", + "5ad26235d7d075001a429083": "", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": "monatomic", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": "the simplest", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": "HO, giving the atomic mass of oxygen as 8 times that of hydrogen, instead of the modern value of about 16", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": "hydrogen", + "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": "Avogadro's law", + "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b4": "Dalton assumed that water's formula was HO", + "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b5": "", + "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b6": "water is formed of two volumes of hydrogen and one volume of oxygen", + "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b7": "", + "5ad23e1bd7d075001a4288b8": "", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": "phlogiston", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": "", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": "Air", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": "metals", + "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": "become lighter", + "5ad22b87d7d075001a428600": "", + "5ad22b87d7d075001a428601": "", + "5ad22b87d7d075001a428602": "", + "5ad22b87d7d075001a428603": "", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": "as a covalent double bond", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": "two", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": "Aufbau", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": "chemically", + "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": "sequential, low-to-high energy, or Aufbau, filling of orbitals", + "5ad24180d7d075001a428970": "based on level of theory", + "5ad24180d7d075001a428971": "the filling of molecular orbitals formed from the atomic orbitals of the individual oxygen atoms", + "5ad24180d7d075001a428972": "O-O molecular axis", + "5ad24180d7d075001a428973": "", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": "1773 or earlier", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": "1774", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": "his work was published first", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": "Antoine Lavoisier", + "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": "phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion", + "5ad21ebdd7d075001a428488": "", + "5ad21ebdd7d075001a428489": "1773 or earlier", + "5ad21ebdd7d075001a42848a": "", + "5ad21ebdd7d075001a42848b": "", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": "spin triplet state", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": "triplet oxygen", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": "unpaired electrons", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": "spontaneous", + "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": "antibonding", + "5ad24369d7d075001a4289ea": "triplet oxygen", + "5ad24369d7d075001a4289eb": "", + "5ad24369d7d075001a4289ec": "", + "5ad24369d7d075001a4289ed": "", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": "trapped air", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": "air rushed in when he opened the container", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": "", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": "1777", + "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": "azote", + "5ad2381dd7d075001a42882a": "mixture of two gases", + "5ad2381dd7d075001a42882b": "Azote", + "5ad2381dd7d075001a42882c": "1777", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": "ozone", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": "Trioxygen (O\n3) is usually known as ozone and is a very reactive allotrope", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": "lung tissue", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": "protective radiation shield", + "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": "ultraviolet (UV", + "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0c": "", + "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0d": "", + "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0e": "", + "5ad24ce8d7d075001a428c0f": "", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": "dioxygen, O\n2", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": "dioxygen", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": "major", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": "energy content", + "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": "cellular respiration", + "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bcc": "dioxygen", + "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bcd": "", + "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bce": "", + "5ad24b13d7d075001a428bcf": "Due to its energy content", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": "James Dewar", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": "1891", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": "1895", + "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": "oxyacetylene", + "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ec": "", + "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ed": "", + "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ee": "", + "5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288ef": "", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": "Oxygen", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": "temperature", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": "6.04 milliliters (mL) of oxygen per liter", + "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": "", + "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": "twice as much", + "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c32": "", + "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c33": "", + "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c34": "temperature", + "5ad24de6d7d075001a428c35": "", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": "most abundant", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": "third", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": "0.9%", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": "Earth's biosphere, air, sea and land", + "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": "ultraviolet radiation", + "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca4": "Oxygen", + "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca5": "", + "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca6": "", + "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca7": "", + "5ad24ff3d7d075001a428ca8": "Oxygen gas", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": "19th", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": "compressing and cooling", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": "Raoul Pierre Pictet", + "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": "a few drops", + "571caac55efbb31900334dca": "March 29, 1883", + "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288d8": "chemist and physicist", + "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288d9": "", + "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288da": "", + "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288db": "", + "5ad23eefd7d075001a4288dc": "Jagiellonian University", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": "Sun", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": "oxygen-16", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": "Genesis", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": "unknown process", + "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": "Earth", + "5ad25553d7d075001a428d34": "", + "5ad25553d7d075001a428d35": "", + "5ad25553d7d075001a428d36": "", + "5ad25553d7d075001a428d37": "", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "Singlet oxygen", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": "common organic molecules", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": "photosynthesis", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": "photolysis", + "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": "Carotenoids", + "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac0": "singlet oxygen", + "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac1": "all the electron spins", + "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac2": "", + "5ad245f9d7d075001a428ac3": "Carotenoids", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": "lower global temperatures", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "12%", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": "oxygen-18", + "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "lower global temperatures", + "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d24": "", + "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d25": "", + "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d26": "", + "5ad254a5d7d075001a428d27": "lower global temperatures", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": "687 and 760 nm", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": "carbon cycle", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": "satellite", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": "global", + "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": "", + "5ad257e2d7d075001a428d98": "", + "5ad257e2d7d075001a428d99": "", + "5ad257e2d7d075001a428d9a": "", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": "paramagnetic", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": "liquid oxygen", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": "electrons", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": "magnetic field", + "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": "laboratory demonstrations, a bridge of liquid oxygen may be supported against its own weight between the poles of a powerful magnet", + "5ad2456dd7d075001a428aa2": "paramagnetic", + "5ad2456dd7d075001a428aa3": "the spin magnetic moments of the unpaired electrons in the molecule, and the negative exchange energy between neighboring O\n2 molecules", + "5ad2456dd7d075001a428aa4": "Liquid oxygen", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": "dangerous by-products", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "to destroy invading microbes", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": "pathogen", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": "obligately anaerobic", + "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "2.5 billion years ago", + "5ad258b4d7d075001a428dda": "", + "5ad258b4d7d075001a428ddb": "O\u2212\n2", + "5ad258b4d7d075001a428ddc": "Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide ion (O\u2212\n2) and hydrogen peroxide (H\n2O\n2)", + "5ad258b4d7d075001a428ddd": "", + "5ad258b4d7d075001a428dde": "", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": "90.20 K", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": "light sky-blue color", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": "liquefied air", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": "liquid nitrogen", + "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": "combustible", + "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c62": "", + "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c63": "", + "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c64": "", + "5ad24eb1d7d075001a428c65": "", + "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": "water bodies", + "571cc8815efbb31900334def": "lower", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": "their higher oxygen content", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": "biochemical oxygen demand", + "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": "algae", + "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0c": "", + "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0d": "", + "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0e": "Water polluted with plant nutrients", + "5ad252e6d7d075001a428d0f": "", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": "3.5 billion years ago", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": "Paleoproterozoic", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": "banded iron formations", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": "1.7 billion years ago", + "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": "3\u20132.7 billion years ago", + "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e66": "", + "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e67": "Paleoproterozoic", + "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e68": "", + "5ad25b1cd7d075001a428e69": "", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": "oxygen cycle", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": "biogeochemical", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": "three", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": "oxygen cycle", + "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": "oxygen", + "5ad251d6d7d075001a428ce8": "", + "5ad251d6d7d075001a428ce9": "the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere", + "5ad251d6d7d075001a428cea": "", + "5ad251d6d7d075001a428ceb": "", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": "pressure swing adsorption", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": "nitrogen", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": "", + "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": "", + "5ad25bf3d7d075001a428e94": "", + "5ad25bf3d7d075001a428e95": "continuous supply of gaseous oxygen to be pumped through a pipeline", + "5ad25bf3d7d075001a428e96": "", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": "water", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": "Oxygen gas", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": "DC", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": "oxides and oxoacids", + "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": "Chemical", + "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed0": "Oxygen gas", + "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed1": "", + "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed2": "oxides and oxoacids", + "5ad25d05d7d075001a428ed3": "", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": "recreational", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": "placebo effect", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": "performance", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": "aerobic", + "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": "placebo effect", + "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff4": "Oxygen", + "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff5": "", + "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff6": "", + "5ad26105d7d075001a428ff7": "placebo", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": "Hyperbaric", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": "carbon monoxide from the heme group of hemoglobin", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": "anaerobic bacteria", + "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": "Decompression sickness", + "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6a": "oxygen chambers", + "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6b": "", + "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6c": "", + "5ad25f35d7d075001a428f6d": "divers", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": "respiration", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": "oxygen supplementation", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": "heart", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": "Oxygen therapy", + "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": "", + "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1c": "", + "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1d": "", + "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1e": "emphysema, pneumonia", + "5ad25e70d7d075001a428f1f": "", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": "electronegativity", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": "oxides", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": "Fe\n1 \u2212 xO", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": "oxides", + "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": "corrosion", + "5ad261bad7d075001a429050": "chemical", + "5ad261bad7d075001a429051": "Due to its electronegativity", + "5ad261bad7d075001a429052": "", + "5ad261bad7d075001a429053": "", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": "cabin depressurization", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": "exothermic", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": "exothermic", + "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": "oxygen", + "5ad26000d7d075001a428fae": "People who climb mountains or fly in non-pressurized fixed-wing aircraft", + "5ad26000d7d075001a428faf": "Passengers traveling in (pressurized) commercial airplanes", + "5ad26000d7d075001a428fb0": "", + "5ad26000d7d075001a428fb1": "exothermic", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": "Oxygen storage", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": "liquid", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": "as a liquid", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": "compressed gas", + "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": "hospitals", + "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f00": "high pressure oxygen tanks", + "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f01": "", + "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f02": "", + "5ad25dd3d7d075001a428f03": "", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": "organic solvents", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": "Epoxides", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": "feeder materials", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": "Epoxides", + "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": "feeder materials", + "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290ca": "acetone", + "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290cb": "glycerol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde", + "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290cc": "ethers", + "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290cd": "", + "5ad262e2d7d075001a4290ce": "", + "571cde695efbb31900334e16": "energy-carrying molecules ATP and ADP", + "571cde695efbb31900334e17": "a few", + "571cde695efbb31900334e18": "carbohydrates", + "571cde695efbb31900334e19": "proteins", + "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": "bones", + "5ad26479d7d075001a42914e": "", + "5ad26479d7d075001a42914f": "", + "5ad26479d7d075001a429150": "ATP", + "5ad26479d7d075001a429151": "oxygen", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": "Oxygen toxicity", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": "permanent pulmonary fibrosis", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": "160 kPa", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": "seizures", + "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": "seizures", + "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ec": "", + "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ed": "", + "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ee": "", + "5ad266d0d7d075001a4291ef": "at only 6 m", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": "low total pressures used", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "30 kPa (1.4 times normal)", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "1.4 times normal", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": "marginally more than normal", + "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": "no damage", + "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d0": "", + "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d1": "low total pressures used", + "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d2": "", + "5ad265efd7d075001a4291d3": "30 kPa (1.4 times normal)", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": "at elevated partial pressures", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": "at partial pressures more than 50 kilopascals (kPa)", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": "50% oxygen composition at standard pressure", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": "oxygen masks", + "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": "30%\u201350% O\n2", + "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a0": "", + "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a1": "", + "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a2": "", + "5ad26530d7d075001a4291a3": "", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": "October 1973", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": "US$3 per barrel", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": "1979", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "shock\"", + "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": "Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries", + "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1875": "", + "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1876": "", + "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1877": "", + "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1878": "", + "5a38a8d2a4b263001a8c1879": "", + "5a75028897ca42001a521daf": "October 1973", + "5a75028897ca42001a521db0": "Arab members of OPEC plus Egypt and Syria", + "5a75028897ca42001a521db1": "\"shock\"", + "5a75028897ca42001a521db2": "first oil shock", + "5a75028897ca42001a521db3": "proclaimed an oil embargo", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": "to avoid being targeted by the boycott", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": "", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": "January 18, 1974", + "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": "March 1974", + "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c187f": "major impact on international relations", + "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1880": "", + "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1881": "", + "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1882": "", + "5a38aa28a4b263001a8c1883": "", + "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc3": "NATO", + "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc4": "Japan", + "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc5": "Arab oil producers", + "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc6": "multilateral negotiations with the combatants", + "5a7504cb97ca42001a521dc7": "Israel", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": "August 15, 1971", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": "rise and fall according to market demand", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": "increased their reserves", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": "", + "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": "", + "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c1889": "", + "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188a": "", + "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188b": "floating the pound sterling", + "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188c": "", + "5a38ab9fa4b263001a8c188d": "", + "5a75054b97ca42001a521dcd": "the Bretton Woods Accord", + "5a75054b97ca42001a521dce": "Gold Exchange Standard", + "5a75054b97ca42001a521dcf": "rise and fall according to market demand", + "5a75054b97ca42001a521dd0": "rise and fall according to market demand", + "5a75054b97ca42001a521dd1": "September 1971", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": "less than two percent per year", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": "After 1971", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": "1973\u20131974", + "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": "the \"Oil Shock", + "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1893": "", + "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1894": "fairly stable", + "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1895": "", + "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1896": "", + "5a38ace7a4b263001a8c1897": "", + "5a7505e497ca42001a521de1": "OPEC", + "5a7505e497ca42001a521de2": "1947 to 1967", + "5a7505e497ca42001a521de3": "substantial price increases", + "5a7505e497ca42001a521de4": "the \"Oil Shock", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": "October 6, 1973", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": "Iran", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": "ten", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": "Iran", + "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": "the price of oil] is going to rise", + "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c189d": "", + "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c189e": "", + "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c189f": "more for oil. Let's say ten times more", + "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c18a0": "", + "5a38b07ca4b263001a8c18a1": "", + "5a75066297ca42001a521de9": "launched a surprise attack on Israel", + "5a75066297ca42001a521dea": "Yom Kippur", + "5a75066297ca42001a521deb": "second-largest", + "5a75066297ca42001a521dec": "close US ally", + "5a75066297ca42001a521ded": "ten times more", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": "In response to American aid to Israel", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": "October 16, 1973", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": "their economic and political objectives were met.", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": "$2.2 billion", + "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": "principal hostile country", + "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18a7": "", + "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18a8": "", + "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18a9": "", + "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18aa": "", + "5a38b29da4b263001a8c18ab": "", + "5a75082a97ca42001a521df3": "raised the posted price of oil by 70%", + "5a75082a97ca42001a521df4": "70%", + "5a75082a97ca42001a521df5": "$5.11 a barrel", + "5a75082a97ca42001a521df6": "Libya", + "5a75082a97ca42001a521df7": "October 20, 1973", + "57261dab38643c19005ad037": "over 100 billion dollars", + "57261dab38643c19005ad038": "Al-Qaeda and the Taliban", + "57261dab38643c19005ad039": "the Middle East", + "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": "shrinking Western demand", + "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": "Wahhabism", + "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b1": "", + "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b2": "", + "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b3": "", + "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b4": "", + "5a38b468a4b263001a8c18b5": "", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": "price disruptions", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": "USSR", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": "1973", + "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": "Kissinger's dominance", + "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bb": "", + "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bc": "", + "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bd": "", + "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18be": "", + "5a38b5bca4b263001a8c18bf": "", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": "The embargo", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": "automobiles", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": "Macroeconomic", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": "the Arctic", + "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": "five to ten years", + "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c5": "", + "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c6": "", + "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c7": "", + "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c8": "", + "5a38b819a4b263001a8c18c9": "new ways to increase oil supplies", + "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": "the Netherlands", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": "America", + "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": "The UK", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": "", + "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": "Ted Heath", + "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18cf": "", + "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d0": "airfields", + "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d1": "the Israelis", + "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d2": "", + "5a38b9b3a4b263001a8c18d3": "", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": "UK", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": "a series of strikes by coal miners and railroad workers", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": "winter of 1973\u201374", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": "Norway", + "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": "Sweden", + "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18d9": "flying, driving and boating", + "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18da": "", + "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18db": "prison sentences", + "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18dc": "UK", + "5a38baa2a4b263001a8c18dd": "", + "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "Price controls", + "57264cac708984140094c1b4": "to encourage investment", + "57264cac708984140094c1b5": "creating greater scarcity", + "57264cac708984140094c1b7": "rationing", + "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e3": "to encourage investment", + "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e4": "", + "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e5": "", + "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e6": "", + "5a38bbe3a4b263001a8c18e7": "", + "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": "William E. Simon", + "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": "", + "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": "to coordinate the response to the embargo", + "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": "20%", + "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18ed": "", + "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18ee": "", + "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18ef": "", + "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18f0": "the same amount of domestic oil", + "5a38bd58a4b263001a8c18f1": "lines at gasoline stations", + "57264efddd62a815002e8134": "55 mph (about 88 km/h)", + "57264efddd62a815002e8135": "Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act", + "57264efddd62a815002e8136": "", + "57264efddd62a815002e8137": "November 28, 1995", + "57264efddd62a815002e8138": "1977", + "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18f7": "", + "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18f8": "Bill Clinton", + "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18f9": "", + "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18fa": "", + "5a38bf63a4b263001a8c18fb": "89 km/h", + "572650325951b619008f6fa9": "The energy crisis", + "572650325951b619008f6faa": "market and technology realities", + "572650325951b619008f6fab": "congresses and presidents", + "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1901": "", + "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1902": "", + "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1903": "", + "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1904": "", + "5a38c16aa4b263001a8c1905": "", + "57265200708984140094c237": "the U.S.", + "57265200708984140094c238": "British", + "57265200708984140094c239": "10 years", + "57265200708984140094c23a": "the Arabs and much of the rest of the Third World", + "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190b": "", + "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190c": "", + "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190d": "", + "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190e": "a British intelligence estimate of U.S. intentions", + "5a38c34ea4b263001a8c190f": "Abu Dhabi", + "57265360dd62a815002e819a": "Japan", + "57265360dd62a815002e819b": "71%", + "57265360dd62a815002e819c": "declared Japan a \"nonfriendly\" country", + "57265360dd62a815002e819d": "November 22", + "57265360dd62a815002e819e": "December 25", + "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1915": "", + "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1916": "a 5% production cut", + "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1917": "a 5% production cut", + "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1918": "", + "5a38c6bca4b263001a8c1919": "panic", + "57265526708984140094c2bd": "USSR", + "57265526708984140094c2be": "Saudi Arabia and Iran", + "57265526708984140094c2bf": "Saudi Arabia", + "57265526708984140094c2c0": "January 1979", + "57265526708984140094c2c1": "November 1979", + "5a38c911a4b263001a8c191f": "Iran", + "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1920": "", + "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1921": "", + "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1922": "", + "5a38c911a4b263001a8c1923": "", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": "", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": "Japanese", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": "V8 and six cylinder engines", + "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": "Japanese", + "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c1929": "", + "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192a": "", + "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192b": "", + "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192c": "Japanese", + "5a38cd93a4b263001a8c192d": "", + "572659535951b619008f703f": "1981", + "572659535951b619008f7040": "Toyota Corona Mark II", + "572659535951b619008f7041": "air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking", + "572659535951b619008f7042": "Acura, Lexus", + "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1933": "", + "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1934": "", + "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1935": "", + "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1936": "", + "5a38ceaaa4b263001a8c1937": "", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "Toyota Hilux", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": "Dodge D-50", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": "GM", + "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": "captive import policy", + "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c193d": "", + "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c193e": "", + "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c193f": "", + "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c1940": "", + "5a38d2f9a4b263001a8c1941": "Toyota Hilux and the Datsun Truck", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": "An increase in imported cars into North America", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": "at least four", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": "1985", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": "The Cadillac DeVille and Fleetwood, Buick Electra, Oldsmobile 98, Lincoln Continental, Mercury Marquis", + "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": "Chevrolet Bel Air, and Ford Galaxie 500", + "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c1947": "introduce smaller and fuel-efficient models", + "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c1948": "", + "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c1949": "", + "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c194a": "", + "5a38d4b9a4b263001a8c194b": "", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": "1979", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "1981", + "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": "1974 Mustang I", + "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1951": "", + "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1952": "1981", + "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1953": "", + "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1954": "", + "5a38d6e6a4b263001a8c1955": "", + "57265e11708984140094c3bb": "1981", + "57265e11708984140094c3bc": "", + "57265e11708984140094c3bd": "to recover market share", + "57265e11708984140094c3be": "$40 per barrel", + "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195b": "1981", + "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195c": "increased production", + "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195d": "shrinking or eliminating profits for high-cost producers", + "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195e": "", + "5a38d93da4b263001a8c195f": "pre-1973", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": "a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": "the Treaties establishing the European Union", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": "regulations and directives", + "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": "a body of treaties and legislation, such as Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union member states", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": "direct effect or indirect effect", + "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "5725c28a271a42140099d150": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": "primary law, secondary law and supplementary law", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": "the Treaties establishing the European Union", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": "European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", + "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": "three", + "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a74": "", + "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a75": "", + "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a76": "", + "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a77": "supplementary law", + "5ad108f9645df0001a2d0a78": "", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": "the courts of member states", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": "The European Court of Justice", + "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": "general principles of European Union law", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": "Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": "The European Court of Justice", + "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": "general principles of European Union law", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": "the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": "the courts of member states", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": "The European Court of Justice", + "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": "case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law", + "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b72": "", + "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b73": "", + "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b74": "", + "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b75": "", + "5ad10e0f645df0001a2d0b76": "", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": "the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": "The European Commission", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": "citizens", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": "The European Court of Justice", + "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": "The \"European Council", + "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b98": "", + "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b99": "", + "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b9a": "", + "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b9b": "", + "5ad10ece645df0001a2d0b9c": "", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": "The TEU", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": "Faroe Islands", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": "can interpret the Treaties", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": "the Treaty provisions have a direct effect and they are sufficiently clear, precise and unconditional", + "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": "as soon as they enter into force", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": "Gibraltar and the \u00c5land islands", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "as soon as they enter into force", + "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": "The Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc4": "", + "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc5": "", + "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc6": "", + "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc7": "", + "5ad10f94645df0001a2d0bc8": "", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": "with common rules for coal and steel, and then atomic energy", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": "Treaty of Rome 1957 and the Maastricht Treaty 1992", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "1985", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": "Norway did not end up joining", + "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": "Greenland", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": "", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "1992", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": "1986", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": "1972", + "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": "1985", + "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be0": "", + "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be1": "", + "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be2": "", + "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be3": "", + "5ad11097645df0001a2d0be4": "", + "57264865dd62a815002e8062": "Following the Nice Treaty", + "57264865dd62a815002e8063": "France and the referendum in the Netherlands", + "57264865dd62a815002e8064": "very similar", + "57264865dd62a815002e8065": "an amending treaty", + "57264865dd62a815002e8066": "amending treaty, and \u2013 though it significantly altered the existing treaties \u2013 it did not completely replace them.", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": "constitutional law of the European Union", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": "a single constitutional document", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": "referendum in France and the referendum in the Netherlands", + "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": "Lisbon Treaty", + "5ad11186645df0001a2d0bfe": "the 2004 Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe never came into force", + "5ad11186645df0001a2d0bff": "", + "5ad11186645df0001a2d0c00": "", + "5ad11186645df0001a2d0c01": "the Lisbon Treaty", + "5ad11186645df0001a2d0c02": "", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": "The European Commission", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": "the Commission", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": "The Commission's President", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": "one", + "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": "Federica Mogherini", + "572691545951b619008f76e1": "Article 17(3)", + "572691545951b619008f76e2": "The Commission's President", + "572691545951b619008f76e3": "by a simple majority vote", + "572691545951b619008f76e4": "Ireland", + "572691545951b619008f76e5": "Commissioners", + "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c30": "", + "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c31": "", + "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c32": "", + "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c33": "", + "5ad11288645df0001a2d0c34": "", + "57264e455951b619008f6f65": "Santer Commission", + "57264e455951b619008f6f66": "European Court of Justice held that a Commissioner giving her dentist a job, for which he was clearly unqualified, did in fact not break any law", + "57264e455951b619008f6f67": "a Committee of Independent Experts", + "57264e455951b619008f6f68": "European Council", + "57264e455951b619008f6f69": "do not have voting rights", + "5726926a5951b619008f7709": "1999", + "5726926a5951b619008f770a": "Commission v Edith Cresson", + "5726926a5951b619008f770b": "a Committee of Independent Experts", + "5726926a5951b619008f770c": "European Anti-fraud Office", + "5726926a5951b619008f770d": "2012", + "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6c": "", + "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6d": "", + "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6e": "", + "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c6f": "", + "5ad11374645df0001a2d0c70": "", + "5726545f708984140094c2a5": "ministers", + "5726545f708984140094c2a6": "former Poland Prime Minister Donald Tusk", + "5726545f708984140094c2a7": "inversely to member state size", + "5726545f708984140094c2a8": "", + "5726545f708984140094c2a9": "260", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": "", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": "each six months", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": "352", + "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": "", + "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11cc": "", + "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11cd": "", + "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11ce": "", + "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11cf": "", + "5ad1373b645df0001a2d11d0": "", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": "a majority of all MEPs", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": "qualified majority", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": "harder", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": "TEU articles 4 and 5", + "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": "the Court of Justice", + "572695285951b619008f774b": "article 294", + "572695285951b619008f774c": "a majority in Parliament, a minority in the Council, and a majority in the Commission", + "572695285951b619008f774d": "TEU articles 4 and 5", + "572695285951b619008f774e": "a \"Conciliation Committee", + "5ad138f4645df0001a2d1258": "", + "5ad138f4645df0001a2d1259": "", + "5ad138f4645df0001a2d125a": "", + "5ad138f4645df0001a2d125b": "", + "5ad138f4645df0001a2d125c": "", + "572658435951b619008f7025": "judicial branch", + "572658435951b619008f7026": "the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)", + "572658435951b619008f7027": "28", + "572658435951b619008f7028": "member state courts", + "572658435951b619008f7029": "ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": "by assuming the task of interpreting the treaties, and accelerating economic and political integration", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": "the Court of Justice of the European Union", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": "Civil Service Tribunal", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": "three years", + "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": "ensure that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed", + "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1292": "", + "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1293": "", + "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1294": "", + "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1295": "", + "5ad139b2645df0001a2d1296": "", + "57265e455951b619008f70bb": "Community law", + "57265e455951b619008f70bc": "because the nationalisation law was from 1962", + "57265e455951b619008f70bd": "1964 and 1968", + "5726975c708984140094cb1f": "European Court of Justice and the highest national courts", + "5726975c708984140094cb20": "1964", + "5726975c708984140094cb21": "the Court of Justice", + "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12f8": "", + "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12f9": "", + "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12fa": "", + "5ad13b23645df0001a2d12fb": "", + "572699db5951b619008f7799": "EU law", + "572699db5951b619008f779a": "foundational constitutional questions affecting democracy and human rights", + "572699db5951b619008f779b": "1972", + "572699db5951b619008f779c": "", + "572699db5951b619008f779d": "the ultimate authority of member states, its factual commitment to human rights, and the democratic will of the people", + "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d1368": "", + "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d1369": "", + "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d136a": "", + "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d136b": "", + "5ad13dbb645df0001a2d136c": "", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": "administrative law", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": "1986", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": "All", + "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": "constitutional law", + "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138c": "", + "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138d": "", + "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138e": "", + "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d138f": "", + "5ad13ef3645df0001a2d1390": "", + "57269bb8708984140094cb95": "Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen", + "57269bb8708984140094cb96": "article 30", + "57269bb8708984140094cb97": "postal", + "57269bb8708984140094cb98": "Treaty provisions", + "5ad14012645df0001a2d13b0": "not all EU laws give citizens standing to bring claims", + "5ad14012645df0001a2d13b1": "", + "5ad14012645df0001a2d13b2": "", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": "Directives", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": "at least 4 weeks", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": "more than 28 days", + "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": "early 1990s", + "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13ca": "", + "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13cb": "", + "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13cc": "", + "5ad140ab645df0001a2d13cd": "", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": "the member state cannot enforce conflicting laws", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": "a citizen or company can invoke a Directive, not just in a dispute with a public authority, but in a dispute with another citizen or company", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": "10 years", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": "British Gas plc", + "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": "65", + "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1402": "", + "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1403": "", + "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1404": "", + "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1405": "", + "5ad141e1645df0001a2d1406": "", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": "national courts", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": "incorporations would only be nullified for a fixed list of reasons", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": "set up an insurance fund for employees to claim unpaid wages", + "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": "6 million Lira", + "5ad14337645df0001a2d145a": "", + "5ad14337645df0001a2d145b": "", + "5ad14337645df0001a2d145c": "", + "5ad14337645df0001a2d145d": "", + "5ad14337645df0001a2d145e": "", + "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": "European Court of Justice", + "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": "fundamental rights (see human rights), proportionality, legal certainty, equality before the law and subsidiarity", + "5ad14468645df0001a2d148a": "", + "5ad14468645df0001a2d148b": "", + "5ad14468645df0001a2d148c": "", + "5ad14468645df0001a2d148d": "", + "5726a09f708984140094cc39": "since the 1950s", + "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": "Article 5", + "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": "the least onerous", + "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b0": "", + "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b1": "", + "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b2": "", + "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b3": "", + "5ad14573645df0001a2d14b4": "", + "5726a14c708984140094cc51": "since the 1960s", + "5726a14c708984140094cc52": "international law and public law", + "5726a14c708984140094cc53": "a proper legal basis", + "5726a14c708984140094cc54": "principles of legal certainty and good faith", + "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1504": "", + "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1505": "", + "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1506": "", + "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1507": "", + "5ad146c0645df0001a2d1508": "", + "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": "the constitutional traditions common to the member states", + "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": "fundamental rights recognised and protected in the constitutions of member states", + "5ad14816645df0001a2d1540": "", + "5ad14816645df0001a2d1541": "", + "5ad14816645df0001a2d1542": "", + "5ad14816645df0001a2d1543": "", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "None", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": "member states", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": "1950", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": "European Court of Human Rights", + "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": "1999", + "5ad14966645df0001a2d1580": "None", + "5ad14966645df0001a2d1581": "", + "5ad14966645df0001a2d1582": "1950", + "5ad14966645df0001a2d1583": "", + "5ad14966645df0001a2d1584": "", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": "2007", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": "Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": "European Union law", + "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": "European Court of Justice", + "5ad14a28645df0001a2d159e": "", + "5ad14a28645df0001a2d159f": "", + "5ad14a28645df0001a2d15a0": "", + "5ad14a28645df0001a2d15a1": "", + "5ad14a28645df0001a2d15a2": "", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": "Treaty of Amsterdam", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "1997", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": "1989", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": "30", + "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": "40", + "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ea": "", + "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15eb": "", + "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ec": "", + "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ed": "", + "5ad14b2e645df0001a2d15ee": "", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": "11", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": "The UK", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "Social Chapter\"", + "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "1992", + "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b6": "", + "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b7": "", + "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b8": "", + "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16b9": "", + "5ad14d8e645df0001a2d16ba": "", + "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": "the election of the UK Labour Party to government in 1997", + "5726a5525951b619008f78de": "1997", + "5726a5525951b619008f78df": "Works Council Directive", + "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": "1996", + "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": "workforce consultation in businesses", + "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16de": "", + "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16df": "", + "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16e0": "", + "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16e1": "", + "5ad14e86645df0001a2d16e2": "", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": "France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": "1951", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": "cartels", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": "article 66", + "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": "1957", + "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1710": "", + "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1711": "", + "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1712": "", + "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1713": "", + "5ad14f5a645df0001a2d1714": "", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": "Article 101(1)", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": "abuse of dominant position", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": "Articles 106 and 107", + "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": "Article 102", + "5ad15059645df0001a2d1722": "", + "5ad15059645df0001a2d1723": "", + "5ad15059645df0001a2d1724": "", + "5ad15059645df0001a2d1725": "", + "5ad15059645df0001a2d1726": "", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": "2007", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": "since the Treaty of Rome 1957", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": "consumer prices", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": "free trade", + "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": "the Court of Justice", + "5ad15170645df0001a2d1734": "", + "5ad15170645df0001a2d1735": "", + "5ad15170645df0001a2d1736": "", + "5ad15170645df0001a2d1737": "", + "5ad15170645df0001a2d1738": "", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": "the principle of non-discrimination", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": "parallel importers", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": "private actors", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": "Commission v France", + "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": "a protest", + "5ad15289645df0001a2d175a": "", + "5ad15289645df0001a2d175b": "", + "5ad15289645df0001a2d175c": "", + "5ad15289645df0001a2d175d": "", + "5ad15289645df0001a2d175e": "", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": "25", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": "France", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": "2003", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": "cocoa butter", + "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": "motorcycles or mopeds pulling trailers", + "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1796": "", + "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1797": "", + "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1798": "", + "5ad153e9645df0001a2d1799": "", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": "Keck and Mithouard", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": "prevent cut throat competition", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": "Konsumentombudsmannen v De Agostini", + "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": "Unfair Commercial Practices Directive", + "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17da": "", + "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17db": "", + "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17dc": "", + "5ad1556e645df0001a2d17dd": "", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": "to pursue their life goals in any country through free movement", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": "the European Community", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "citizenship", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": "Steymann v Staatssecretaris van Justitie", + "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": "entitled to stay, so long as there was at least an \"indirect quid pro quo\" for the work he did", + "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f6": "", + "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f7": "", + "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f8": "", + "5ad15676645df0001a2d17f9": "", + "5ad15676645df0001a2d17fa": "", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": "articles 1 to 7", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": "Jean-Marc Bosman", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": "Gaelic", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": "Hendrix v Employee Insurance Institute", + "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": "between 3 and 14 hours a week", + "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1814": "", + "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1815": "", + "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1816": "", + "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1817": "", + "5ad157cf645df0001a2d1818": "", + "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship of the EU", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "the number of social services that people can access wherever they move", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": "Commission v Austria", + "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": "higher education", + "5ad158c0645df0001a2d1828": "", + "5ad158c0645df0001a2d1829": "", + "5ad158c0645df0001a2d182a": "Commission v Austria", + "5ad158c0645df0001a2d182b": "", + "5726c002708984140094d073": "the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", + "5726c002708984140094d074": "if they were non-discriminatory, \"justified by imperative requirements in the general interest\" and proportionately applied", + "5726c002708984140094d075": "Reyners v Belgium", + "5726c002708984140094d076": "article 49", + "5726c002708984140094d077": "Commission v Italy", + "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1856": "", + "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1857": "", + "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1858": "", + "5ad15a11645df0001a2d1859": "", + "5ad15a11645df0001a2d185a": "", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": "2006", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": "shipping toxic waste", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": "October 2007", + "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": "2005", + "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c0": "", + "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c1": "", + "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c2": "", + "5ad15d77645df0001a2d18c3": "", + "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": "people who give services \"for remuneration\"", + "5726c3da708984140094d0da": "Dutch law said only people established in the Netherlands could give legal advice", + "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "narcotic drugs", + "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "treatment in Germany", + "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18ac": "", + "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18ad": "", + "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18ae": "", + "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18af": "to tackle the serious problems of fraud that arise over the internet", + "5ad15c52645df0001a2d18b0": "", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": "Daily Mail", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": "\u00a31", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": "200,000 Danish krone", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": "creditor protection, labour rights to participate in work, or the public interest in collecting taxes", + "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": "\u00dcberseering BV v Nordic Construction GmbH", + "5ad15b19645df0001a2d187e": "", + "5ad15b19645df0001a2d187f": "", + "5ad15b19645df0001a2d1880": "", + "5ad15b19645df0001a2d1881": "\u00a31", + "5ad15b19645df0001a2d1882": "", + "5725b81b271a42140099d097": "Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle", + "5725b81b271a42140099d098": "5,500,000", + "5725b81b271a42140099d099": "nine", + "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "four", + "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": "over half", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": "Amazoneregenwoud", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": "Amazon rainforest", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": "Brazil", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": "half", + "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": "16,000", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": "broadleaf", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": "7,000,000", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": "nine", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": "Brazil", + "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": "390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species", + "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e4": "", + "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e5": "", + "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e6": "", + "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e7": "", + "5a0c6698f5590b0018dab3e8": "", + "5725be0f271a42140099d117": "wetter climate", + "5725be0f271a42140099d118": "Climate fluctuations", + "5725be0f271a42140099d119": "Oligocene", + "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": "last glacial maximum", + "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": "the rainforest still managed to thrive", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": "", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": "45", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": "Climate fluctuations", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": "Oligocene", + "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": "expanded", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": "Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": "66\u201334 Mya", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": "Middle Miocene", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": "last glacial maximum", + "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": "34 million years", + "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3ee": "", + "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3ef": "", + "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3f0": "", + "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3f1": "", + "5a0c677bf5590b0018dab3f2": "", + "5725c071271a42140099d127": "along the middle of the continent", + "5725c071271a42140099d128": "toward the Atlantic", + "5725c071271a42140099d129": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "5725c071271a42140099d12a": "5\u201310 million years", + "5725c071271a42140099d12b": "easterly flow toward the Atlantic", + "57283d173acd2414000df78f": "mid-Eocene", + "57283d173acd2414000df790": "the Atlantic", + "57283d173acd2414000df791": "the Pacific", + "57283d173acd2414000df792": "Amazonas Basin", + "57283d173acd2414000df793": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": "mid-Eocene", + "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": "the middle", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": "the Atlantic", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": "Pacific", + "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": "Solim\u00f5es Basin", + "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3f8": "", + "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3f9": "", + "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3fa": "Pacific", + "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3fb": "", + "5a0c6a7ef5590b0018dab3fc": "", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": "Last Glacial Maximum", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": "rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": "the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": "difficult to resolve because the practical limitations of working in the rainforest mean that data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin", + "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": "both explanations are reasonably well supported by the available data", + "572841772ca10214002da1a6": "21,000", + "572841772ca10214002da1a7": "Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation", + "572841772ca10214002da1a8": "sediment deposits", + "572841772ca10214002da1a9": "reduced moist tropical vegetation cover", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": "21,000 years", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": "sediment", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": "tropical", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": "open forest and grassland", + "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": "practical limitations of working in the rainforest mean that data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin", + "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab402": "", + "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab403": "", + "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab404": "", + "5a0c6c78f5590b0018dab405": "rainforest", + "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": "CALIPSO", + "5725c63438643c19005acca0": "182 million", + "5725c63438643c19005acca1": "1,600 miles", + "5725c63438643c19005acca2": "Amazon basin", + "5725c63438643c19005acca3": "132 million", + "5728455bff5b5019007da078": "NASA's CALIPSO satellite", + "5728455bff5b5019007da079": "182 million tons", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": "27.7 million tons", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": "132 million tons", + "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": "43 million tons", + "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": "CALIPSO", + "5729ea263f37b319004785be": "NASA", + "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": "182 million tons", + "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": "1,600", + "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": "27.7 million", + "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40a": "", + "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40b": "", + "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40c": "", + "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40d": "", + "5a0c6d26f5590b0018dab40e": "", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "0.52/sq mi", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": "agriculture", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": "anthropological", + "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": "5 million", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": "agriculture given the poor soil", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": "", + "572847dd4b864d19001648be": "0.2", + "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": "Betty Meggers", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": "0.2", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": "5 million", + "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": "less than 200,000", + "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab414": "Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise", + "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab415": "", + "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab416": "", + "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab417": "", + "5a0c77e3f5590b0018dab418": "", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": "Francisco de Orellana", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": "the 1540s", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": "the spread of diseases from Europe, such as smallpox", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": "between AD 0\u20131250", + "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": "AD 0\u20131250", + "5729edd56aef051400155112": "Francisco de Orellana", + "5729edd56aef051400155113": "1542", + "5729edd56aef051400155114": "AD 0\u20131250", + "5729edd56aef051400155115": "Ondemar Dias", + "5729edd56aef051400155116": "11,000 years", + "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab41e": "", + "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab41f": "", + "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab420": "", + "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab421": "", + "5a0c7b88f5590b0018dab422": "", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "black earth", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": "", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": "agriculture and silviculture", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": "Xingu", + "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": "Michael Heckenberger", + "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta (black earth", + "5729ef266aef05140015511d": "agriculture and silviculture", + "5729ef266aef05140015511e": "Xingu tribe", + "5729ef266aef05140015511f": "Michael Heckenberger", + "5729ef266aef051400155120": "roads, bridges and large plazas", + "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab428": "", + "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab429": "", + "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab42a": "", + "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab42b": "", + "5a0c7cb3f5590b0018dab42c": "", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": "2.5 million", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": "One in five", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": "40,000", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": "one in five", + "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "between 96,660 and 128,843", + "5729f0db6aef051400155126": "2.5 million", + "5729f0db6aef051400155127": "2,000", + "5729f0db6aef051400155128": "tens of thousands", + "5729f0db6aef051400155129": "378", + "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": "One in five", + "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab432": "", + "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab433": "", + "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab434": "Brazil", + "5a0c7d74f5590b0018dab435": "378", + "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "62", + "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": "16,000", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "90,790", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes per hectare", + "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "438,000", + "5729f2646aef051400155130": "highest on Earth", + "5729f2646aef051400155131": "1,100", + "5729f2646aef051400155132": "90,790", + "5729f2646aef051400155133": "356 \u00b1 47 tonnes", + "5729f2646aef051400155134": "438,000", + "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43a": "", + "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43b": "", + "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43c": "90,790 tonnes", + "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43d": "", + "5a0c7edcf5590b0018dab43e": "", + "5729f3831d0469140077967b": "electric eels", + "5729f3831d0469140077967c": "black caiman", + "5729f3831d0469140077967d": "piranha", + "5729f3831d0469140077967e": "lipophilic alkaloid toxins", + "5729f3831d0469140077967f": "Vampire bats", + "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab444": "", + "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab445": "", + "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab446": "", + "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab447": "", + "5a0c7fb2f5590b0018dab448": "", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": "Deforestation", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": "the early 1960s", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": "slash and burn", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": "loss of soil fertility and weed invasion", + "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": "areas cleared of forest", + "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab44e": "", + "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab44f": "", + "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab450": "", + "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab451": "", + "5a0c807ff5590b0018dab452": "", + "5729feaf6aef051400155188": "415,000", + "5729feaf6aef051400155189": "587,000", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": "livestock pasture", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": "second-largest", + "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": "Seventy percent", + "5a0c817df5590b0018dab458": "", + "5a0c817df5590b0018dab459": "", + "5a0c817df5590b0018dab45a": "", + "5a0c817df5590b0018dab45b": "", + "572a005f1d046914007796b7": "soy", + "572a005f1d046914007796b8": "increased settlement and deforestation", + "572a005f1d046914007796b9": "8,646", + "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "18% higher", + "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "declined significantly", + "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab460": "", + "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab461": "", + "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab462": "", + "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab463": "2004 and 2014", + "5a0c8ba8f5590b0018dab464": "", + "572a020f6aef051400155198": "biodiversity", + "572a020f6aef051400155199": "destruction of the forest", + "572a020f6aef05140015519a": "carbon", + "572a020f6aef05140015519b": "10%", + "572a020f6aef05140015519c": "1.1 \u00d7 1011", + "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46a": "", + "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46b": "", + "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46c": "10%", + "5a0c9275f5590b0018dab46d": "", + "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": "reduced rainfall and increased temperatures", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": "greenhouse gas", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": "2100", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": "the 21st century", + "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": "climate change in addition to deforestation", + "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab472": "Amazon rainforest", + "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab473": "rainforest cover", + "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab474": "the 21st century", + "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab475": "", + "5a0c93b9f5590b0018dab476": "", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": "indigenous", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": "community-based", + "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": "deforestation and ecocide", + "572a064a3f37b31900478660": "Urarina", + "572a064a3f37b31900478661": "the relationship between non-human primates", + "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47c": "", + "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47d": "", + "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47e": "", + "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab47f": "", + "5a0c958bf5590b0018dab480": "community-based", + "572a07c11d046914007796d5": "remote sensing", + "572a07c11d046914007796d6": "Trio", + "572a07c11d046914007796d7": "southern Suriname", + "572a07c11d046914007796d8": "map out their ancestral lands to help strengthen their territorial claims", + "572a07c11d046914007796d9": "to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests", + "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab486": "", + "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab487": "", + "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab488": "", + "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab489": "", + "5a0c96fbf5590b0018dab48a": "Trio Tribe", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": "tree growth", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": "carbon", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": "Tatiana Kuplich", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": "2006", + "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": "Synthetic aperture radar", + "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab490": "", + "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab491": "", + "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab492": "Synthetic aperture radar", + "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab493": "Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Thematic Mapper (TM)", + "5a0c9832f5590b0018dab494": "", + "572a0b101d046914007796e9": "2005", + "572a0b101d046914007796ea": "Woods Hole Research Center", + "572a0b101d046914007796eb": "Brazilian National Institute of Amazonian Research", + "572a0b101d046914007796ec": "deforestation on regional climate", + "572a0b101d046914007796ed": "savanna or desert", + "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49a": "", + "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49b": "", + "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49c": "", + "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49d": "", + "5a0c98fef5590b0018dab49e": "", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": "2010", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": "1,160,000", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": "three", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": "2005", + "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": "1.5 gigatons", + "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a4": "", + "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a5": "8 gigatons", + "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a6": "", + "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a7": "", + "5a0c99fcf5590b0018dab4a8": "in 2010 8 gigatons were released.", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": "animals that live in marine waters worldwide", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": "cilia", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": "water flow through the body cavity", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)", + "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": "combs", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": "comb jellies", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": "1.5 m", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": "water flow through the body cavity", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": "comb", + "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": "marine waters worldwide", + "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb509": "comb jellies", + "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50a": "combs", + "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50b": "swimming", + "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50c": "separate phyla", + "5a8349a2e60761001a2eb50d": "", + "5725c337271a42140099d163": "100\u2013150", + "5725c337271a42140099d164": "tentilla", + "5725c337271a42140099d165": "ten times their own weight", + "5725c337271a42140099d166": "tentacles", + "5725c337271a42140099d167": "huge mouths armed with groups of large, stiffened cilia", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": "ten times their own weight", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": "tentilla", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": "huge mouths armed with groups of large, stiffened cilia", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": "a pair of retractable tentacles", + "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": "100\u2013150 species", + "5a834af4e60761001a2eb51b": "", + "5a834af4e60761001a2eb51c": "", + "5a834af4e60761001a2eb51d": "", + "5a834af5e60761001a2eb51e": "", + "5a834af5e60761001a2eb51f": "", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm, meaning it can fertilize its own egg, not needing a mate", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": "produce both eggs and sperm at the same time", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": "sequential hermaphrodites", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": "platyctenids", + "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": "The combination of hermaphroditism and early reproduction", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": "a single animal can produce both eggs and sperm", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": "can produce both eggs and sperm at the same time", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": "the eggs and sperm mature at different times", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": "platyctenids", + "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": "beroids", + "5a834caae60761001a2eb539": "", + "5a834caae60761001a2eb53a": "", + "5a834caae60761001a2eb53b": "", + "5a834caae60761001a2eb53c": "reproduction", + "5a834caae60761001a2eb53d": "explosive rate", + "5725c69738643c19005accb9": "other ctenophores", + "5725c69738643c19005accba": "Mnemiopsis", + "5725c69738643c19005accbb": "fish larvae and organisms that would otherwise have fed the fish", + "5725c69738643c19005accbc": "bays", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": "bays", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": "planktonic plants", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": "Mnemiopsis", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": "causing fish stocks to collapse", + "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": "over-fishing and long-term environmental changes", + "5a834dbde60761001a2eb555": "", + "5a834dbde60761001a2eb556": "", + "5a834dbde60761001a2eb557": "", + "5a834dbde60761001a2eb558": "", + "5a834dbde60761001a2eb559": "", + "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "66 million years ago", + "5725c91e38643c19005accec": "monophyletic", + "5725c91e38643c19005acced": "515 million years ago", + "5725c91e38643c19005accee": "tentacles", + "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "515 million years ago", + "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": "Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction event", + "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": "monophyletic", + "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": "tentacles", + "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb57d": "early Cambrian", + "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb57e": "", + "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb57f": "", + "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb580": "", + "5a8352ebe60761001a2eb581": "", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": "cnidarians", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": "colloblasts", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": "bilaterians", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "Ctenophores", + "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": "colloblasts", + "572646655951b619008f6ebf": "cnidarians", + "572646655951b619008f6ec0": "colloblasts", + "572646655951b619008f6ec1": "colloblasts", + "572646655951b619008f6ec2": "ctenophores and cnidarians", + "572646655951b619008f6ec3": "bilaterians", + "5a835482e60761001a2eb597": "inter-cell connections", + "5a835482e60761001a2eb598": "sensory organs", + "5a835482e60761001a2eb599": "", + "5a835482e60761001a2eb59a": "prey", + "5a835482e60761001a2eb59b": "colloblasts", + "572647d0708984140094c14b": "mesoglea", + "572647d0708984140094c14c": "diploblastic", + "572647d0708984140094c14d": "cnidarians and ctenophores", + "572647d0708984140094c14e": "sponges", + "5a835778e60761001a2eb5d9": "intermediate jelly-like layer", + "5a835778e60761001a2eb5da": "", + "5a835778e60761001a2eb5db": "", + "5a835778e60761001a2eb5dc": "mesoglea", + "5a835778e60761001a2eb5dd": "three main cell layers", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": "cilia", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "as their main method of locomotion", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": "ctenes", + "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "comb-bearing", + "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f3": "", + "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f4": "1.5 meters (4.9 ft)", + "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f5": "", + "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f6": "", + "5a8359c1e60761001a2eb5f7": "non-colonial", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": "cydippid Pleurobrachia", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": "oceanic", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": "to withstand waves and swirling sediment particles", + "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": "Pleurobrachia, Beroe and Mnemiopsis", + "5a835b42e60761001a2eb60d": "swirling", + "5a835b42e60761001a2eb60e": "", + "5a835b42e60761001a2eb60f": "", + "5a835b42e60761001a2eb610": "", + "5a835b42e60761001a2eb611": "", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": "gastrodermis", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": "bioluminescence", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": "pharynx", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": "a system of internal canals", + "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": "the mouth and pharynx", + "5a836273e60761001a2eb63f": "", + "5a836273e60761001a2eb640": "", + "5a836273e60761001a2eb641": "comb row", + "5a836273e60761001a2eb642": "", + "5a836273e60761001a2eb643": "", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": "swimming-plates", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": "swimming-plates", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": "have a supporting function", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": "in the direction in which the mouth is pointing", + "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": "2 millimeters (0.079 in)", + "5a836496e60761001a2eb657": "", + "5a836496e60761001a2eb658": "", + "5a836496e60761001a2eb659": "2 millimeters", + "5a836496e60761001a2eb65a": "", + "5a836496e60761001a2eb65b": "", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": "", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": "", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": "to increase its bulk and decrease its density, to avoid sinking", + "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": "", + "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f3": "", + "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f4": "", + "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f5": "", + "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f6": "", + "5a837038e60761001a2eb6f7": "to avoid sinking", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": "the aboral organ", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": "at the opposite end from the mouth", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": "a transparent dome made of long, immobile cilia", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": "a statocyst", + "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": "a balance sensor", + "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb725": "", + "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb726": "", + "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb727": "", + "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb728": "", + "5a8371dfe60761001a2eb729": "", + "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "sea gooseberry", + "57265746dd62a815002e8219": "a pair of long, slender tentacles", + "57265746dd62a815002e821a": "rounded, sometimes nearly spherical and other times more cylindrical or egg-shaped", + "57265746dd62a815002e821b": "a sheath", + "57265746dd62a815002e821c": "at the narrow end", + "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb72f": "", + "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb730": "", + "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb731": "", + "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb732": "", + "5a8373a7e60761001a2eb733": "", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": "tentilla", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": "specialized mushroom-shaped cells in the outer layer of the epidermis", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": "they contain striated muscle", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": "three", + "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "capturing prey", + "5a837549e60761001a2eb739": "", + "5a837549e60761001a2eb73a": "relaxed", + "5a837549e60761001a2eb73b": "", + "5a837549e60761001a2eb73c": "vesicles (chambers) that contain adhesive", + "5a837549e60761001a2eb73d": "striated muscle", + "572659ea5951b619008f7051": "eight rows", + "572659ea5951b619008f7052": "near the mouth to the opposite end, and are spaced evenly round the body", + "572659ea5951b619008f7053": "evenly round the body", + "572659ea5951b619008f7054": "a ciliary groove", + "5a838553e60761001a2eb759": "", + "5a838553e60761001a2eb75a": "metachronal", + "5a838553e60761001a2eb75b": "", + "5a838553e60761001a2eb75c": "", + "5a838553e60761001a2eb75d": "two adjacent comb rows", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": "lobes", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": "gelatinous projections edged with cilia that produce water currents", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": "four", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": "produce water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth", + "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": "suspended planktonic prey", + "5a838676e60761001a2eb763": "", + "5a838676e60761001a2eb764": "continuously", + "5a838676e60761001a2eb765": "", + "5a838676e60761001a2eb766": "four", + "5a838676e60761001a2eb767": "feed", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": "clapping their lobes", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": "the jet of expelled water drives them backwards very quickly", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": "nerves", + "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": "nerves", + "5a83878de60761001a2eb777": "", + "5a83878de60761001a2eb778": "", + "5a83878de60761001a2eb779": "", + "5a83878de60761001a2eb77a": "", + "5a83878de60761001a2eb77b": "", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": "Nuda", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": "The Beroida", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": "streamlines the front of the animal when it is pursuing prey", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "", + "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": "large pharynx", + "5a83894de60761001a2eb789": "", + "5a83894de60761001a2eb78a": "", + "5a83894de60761001a2eb78b": "", + "5a83894de60761001a2eb78c": "bite\" off pieces", + "5a83894de60761001a2eb78d": "", + "57265e97708984140094c3c3": "Cestida", + "57265e97708984140094c3c4": "belt animals", + "57265e97708984140094c3c5": "by undulating their bodies as well as by the beating of their comb-rows", + "57265e97708984140094c3c6": "Cestum veneris", + "57265e97708984140094c3c7": "Velamen parallelum", + "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb793": "", + "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb794": "", + "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb795": "", + "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb796": "", + "5a838a2ee60761001a2eb797": "in the middle of opposite edges of the ribbon", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": "a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": "as a muscular \"foot\"", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": "comb-rows", + "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": "rocks, algae, or the body surfaces of other invertebrates", + "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7a7": "", + "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7a8": "", + "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7a9": "", + "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7aa": "comb-rows", + "5a838b42e60761001a2eb7ab": "", + "572683075951b619008f7513": "via pores in the epidermis", + "572683075951b619008f7514": "internal fertilization", + "572683075951b619008f7515": "Mnemiopsis", + "572683075951b619008f7516": "in the parts of the internal canal network under the comb rows", + "572683075951b619008f7517": "internal", + "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7b9": "", + "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7ba": "brood chambers", + "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7bb": "", + "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7bc": "", + "5a838db9e60761001a2eb7bd": "", + "572684365951b619008f753f": "tentacles and tentacle sheaths", + "572684365951b619008f7540": "among the plankton", + "572684365951b619008f7541": "after dropping to the sea-floor", + "572684365951b619008f7542": "true larvae", + "572684365951b619008f7543": "Beroe", + "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7cf": "direct", + "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d0": "", + "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d1": "lack tentacles and tentacle sheaths", + "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d2": "plankton", + "5a838f74e60761001a2eb7d3": "plankton", + "572686fc708984140094c8e5": "they produce secretions (ink) that luminesce at much the same wavelengths as their bodies", + "572686fc708984140094c8e6": "disturbed", + "572686fc708984140094c8e7": "ink", + "572686fc708984140094c8e8": "Juveniles", + "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7d9": "", + "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7da": "", + "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7db": "", + "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7dc": "", + "5a8391c7e60761001a2eb7dd": "", + "5726887e708984140094c917": "predators", + "5726887e708984140094c918": "jellyfish", + "5726887e708984140094c919": "incorporate their prey's nematocysts (stinging cells) into their own tentacles instead of colloblasts", + "5726887e708984140094c91a": "smaller, weaker swimmers", + "5726887e708984140094c91b": "Lampea", + "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f1": "10 times their own weight", + "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f2": "", + "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f3": "", + "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f4": "", + "5a839654e60761001a2eb7f5": "strong swimmers", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": "their low ratio of organic matter to salt and water", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": "keta", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "other ctenophores", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": "Red Sea", + "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": "ctenophores", + "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fb": "", + "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fc": "", + "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fd": "", + "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7fe": "", + "5a8397d0e60761001a2eb7ff": "", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": "Western Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": "via the ballast tanks of ships", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": "late 1980s", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": "by the accidental introduction of the Mnemiopsis-eating North American ctenophore Beroe ovata", + "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": "significantly slowed the animal's metabolism", + "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb805": "", + "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb806": "", + "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb807": "", + "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb808": "", + "5a8398bbe60761001a2eb809": "", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": "their soft, gelatinous bodies", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": "a comb jelly", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": "mid-Cambrian period", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": "Three additional putative species", + "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": "tentacles", + "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb81f": "", + "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb820": "", + "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb821": "", + "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb822": "", + "5a839ccfe60761001a2eb823": "", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": "515 million years ago", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "early Cambrian sessile frond-like", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": "Stromatoveris", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": "Vendobionta", + "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "Ediacaran", + "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84b": "", + "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84c": "", + "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84d": "rows of cilia", + "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84e": "", + "5a83a59be60761001a2eb84f": "", + "57269016708984140094ca41": "all other animals", + "57269016708984140094ca42": "Porifera", + "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb855": "true hox genes", + "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb856": "independently", + "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb857": "sister", + "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb858": "", + "5a83a80ae60761001a2eb859": "", + "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": "beroids", + "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": "monophyletic", + "572691bedd62a815002e89de": "65.5 million years ago", + "572691bedd62a815002e89df": "Richard Harbison", + "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb85f": "", + "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb860": "", + "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb861": "", + "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb862": "", + "5a83acb4e60761001a2eb863": "", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": "Fresno", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": "220 miles (350 km)", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": "ash tree", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": "an ash leaf", + "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": "FREZ-noh", + "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cce": "", + "5a7b054521c2de001afe9ccf": "", + "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cd0": "220 miles (350 km)", + "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cd1": "", + "5a7b054521c2de001afe9cd2": "California", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": "1872", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": "the convenience of the railroad and worried about flooding", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": "1885", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": "47", + "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": "a store", + "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cd8": "1872", + "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cd9": "", + "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cda": "", + "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cdb": "", + "5a7b05cd21c2de001afe9cdc": "Fresno Station", + "5725d183271a42140099d23d": "2.7", + "5725d183271a42140099d23e": "Chinatown", + "5725d183271a42140099d23f": "Pinedale", + "5725d183271a42140099d240": "an interim facility for the relocation of Fresno area Japanese Americans to internment camps", + "5725d183271a42140099d241": "Assembly Center", + "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce2": "", + "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce3": "3.3%", + "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce4": "", + "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce5": "North Fresno", + "5a7b064b21c2de001afe9ce6": "", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": "BankAmericard", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": "BankAmericard", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": "revolve a balance", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": "1976", + "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": "Visa Inc", + "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cec": "", + "5a7b070121c2de001afe9ced": "Bank of America", + "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cee": "", + "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cef": "1958", + "5a7b070121c2de001afe9cf0": "", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": "Bill Aken", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": "Bob Gallion", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": "Madera", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": "The Fresno Barn", + "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": "Lupe Mayorga", + "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf6": "", + "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf7": "Mexican", + "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf8": "", + "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cf9": "", + "5a7b079b21c2de001afe9cfa": "", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": "three", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": "Roeding Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": "Kearney Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": "Woodward Park", + "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": "Kearney Park", + "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d00": "", + "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d01": "", + "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d02": "Kearney Mansion", + "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d03": "", + "5a7b086921c2de001afe9d04": "southwest", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": "Between the 1880s and World War II", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": "the original Fresno County Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": "San Joaquin Light & Power Building", + "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": "Hughes Hotel", + "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0a": "", + "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0b": "", + "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0c": "", + "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0d": "San Joaquin Light & Power Building", + "5a7b093b21c2de001afe9d0e": "San Joaquin Light & Power Building", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": "1964", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": "Fulton Mall", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": "near their current locations", + "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": "wide sidewalks", + "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d14": "", + "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d15": "the only Pierre-Auguste Renoir piece in the world that one can walk up to and touch", + "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d16": "Fulton Mall", + "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d17": "", + "5a7b0e2221c2de001afe9d18": "east", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": "far southeast side", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": "Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": "1950s through the 1970s", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": "Sunnyside", + "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": "William P. Bell", + "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d1e": "", + "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d1f": "1950s", + "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d20": "Chestnut Avenue", + "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d21": "Sunnyside", + "5a7b0ec521c2de001afe9d22": "", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": "Tower Theatre", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": "1939", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": "water tower", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": "Fresno Normal School", + "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": "one-half mile", + "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d28": "", + "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d29": "", + "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d2a": "one-half", + "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d2b": "", + "5a7b0fae21c2de001afe9d2c": "", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": "the late 1970s", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": "second and third run movies", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": "1978", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": "Fresno", + "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": "Evita and The Wiz", + "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d32": "", + "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d33": "", + "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d34": "", + "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d35": "Tony", + "5a7b103b21c2de001afe9d36": "", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": "live", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": "a few hundred feet", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": "the Tower District", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": "Tower District", + "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": "Tower District", + "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3c": "a few hundred feet", + "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3d": "", + "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3e": "", + "5a7b10e021c2de001afe9d3f": "", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": "early twentieth century", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": "Storybook houses", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": "contrasts", + "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": "recent decades", + "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d44": "Fresno architects, Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler", + "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d45": "", + "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d46": "", + "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d47": "north and east", + "5a7b11bb21c2de001afe9d48": "", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": "Huntington", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": "William Stranahan", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": "1914", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": "", + "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": "Fresno Traction Company", + "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d4e": "", + "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d4f": "", + "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d50": "", + "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d51": "", + "5a7b12a421c2de001afe9d52": "", + "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "Southwest Fresno", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": "southwest", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "African-American", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "Hmong or Laotian", + "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": "The \"West Side\" of Fresno, also often called \"Southwest Fresno", + "5a7b325021c2de001afe9da8": "41 freeway", + "5a7b325021c2de001afe9da9": "99 freeway", + "5a7b325021c2de001afe9daa": "African-American", + "5a7b325021c2de001afe9dab": "Mexican-American and Asian-American", + "5a7b325021c2de001afe9dac": "", + "5725f00938643c19005aced7": "M. Theo Kearney", + "5725f00938643c19005aced8": "tall palm trees", + "5725f00938643c19005aced9": "Fresno Street and Thorne Ave", + "5725f00938643c19005aceda": "Brookhaven", + "5725f00938643c19005acedb": "the \"Dogg Pound", + "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db2": "M. Theo Kearney", + "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db3": "half-mile", + "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db4": "elite African-American families", + "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db5": "", + "5a7b32e621c2de001afe9db6": "", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": "between the 1960s and 1990s", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": "Fresno and B streets", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": "Cargill Meat Solutions and Foster Farms", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": "on the West Side", + "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": "very little", + "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbc": "", + "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbd": "", + "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbe": "western edge", + "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dbf": "stench", + "5a7b33b821c2de001afe9dc0": "late 1990s", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": "Ralph Woodward", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": "300", + "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": "2,500", + "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": "22", + "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": "April through October, 6am to 10pm and November through March", + "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc6": "1968", + "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc7": "", + "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc8": "", + "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dc9": "2,500", + "5a7b34fa21c2de001afe9dca": "April through October", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": "1946", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": "William Smilie", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": "Sierra Sky Park", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": "automobiles", + "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": "there are now numerous such communities across the United States and around the world", + "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd0": "", + "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd1": "", + "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd2": "", + "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd3": "", + "5a7b359f21c2de001afe9dd4": "", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "hot and dry", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": "July", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "11.5 inches", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": "northwest", + "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": "December, January and February", + "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9dda": "", + "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9ddb": "", + "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9ddc": "southeastern", + "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9ddd": "11.5 inches", + "5a7b37ce21c2de001afe9dde": "", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": "115 \u00b0F", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": "January 6, 1913", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": "November 1885", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": "", + "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": "3.55 inches", + "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9dee": "", + "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9def": "", + "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9df0": "", + "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9df1": "", + "5a7b3b3121c2de001afe9df2": "", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "494,665", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "49.6%", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": "8,525", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": "30.0%", + "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": "4,404.5", + "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9df8": "494,665", + "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9df9": "8,525", + "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9dfa": "1.2%", + "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9dfb": "", + "5a7b3dd921c2de001afe9dfc": "", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": "68,511", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": "19.3%", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": "1,388", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": "3.62", + "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": "3.07", + "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e02": "", + "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e03": "3.62", + "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e04": "", + "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e05": "1,388", + "5a7b3f0f21c2de001afe9e06": "", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "427,652", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": "149,025", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": "8.4%", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": "a third", + "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": "4,097.9 people per square mile", + "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0c": "Hmong", + "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0d": "97,915", + "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0e": "39.9%", + "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e0f": "about a third", + "5a7b402121c2de001afe9e10": "about a third", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": "To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations in the San Francisco Bay Area", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": "KMJ-TV", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": "June 1, 1953", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": "NBC affiliate KSEE", + "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": "KGPE", + "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e16": "", + "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e17": "", + "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e18": "", + "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e19": "KMJ-TV", + "5a7b409721c2de001afe9e1a": "KMPH", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": "State Route 99", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": "Sierra Freeway", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": "Eisenhower Freeway", + "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": "west", + "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e20": "north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley. State Route 168", + "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e21": "State Route 168", + "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e22": "State Route 180", + "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e23": "Kings Canyon National Park", + "5a7b44ae21c2de001afe9e24": "", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": "Fresno", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": "1950s", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": "SR 99", + "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": "rapidly raising population and traffic in cities along SR 99, as well as the desirability of Federal funding", + "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2a": "", + "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2b": "", + "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2c": "population", + "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2d": "", + "5a7b456121c2de001afe9e2e": "", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": "Amtrak San Joaquins", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": "Downtown Fresno", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": "Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway and Union Pacific Railroad", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": "San Joaquin Valley Railroad", + "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": "Fresno", + "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e52": "", + "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e53": "Bakersfield-Stockton mainlines", + "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e54": "", + "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e55": "Southern Pacific branchlines", + "5a7b485921c2de001afe9e56": "", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": "the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching with the goal to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": "to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": "established principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth", + "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": "coining the modern name packet switching and inspiring numerous packet switching networks in Europe in the decade following", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": "to provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", + "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": "Donald Davies", + "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17f8": "Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", + "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17f9": "provide a fault-tolerant, efficient routing method for telecommunication messages", + "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17fa": "US Department of Defense", + "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17fb": "", + "5a5504e1134fea001a0e17fc": "telecommunications", + "5a5645196349e2001acdccfc": "", + "5a5645196349e2001acdccfd": "RAND Corporation", + "5a5645196349e2001acdccfe": "", + "5a5645196349e2001acdccff": "", + "5a5645196349e2001acdcd00": "Donald Davies", + "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0b": "funded by the US Department of Defense", + "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0c": "the development of telecommunications in the Bell System", + "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0d": "", + "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0e": "funded by the US Department of Defense", + "5a605197eae51e001ab14d0f": "", + "5a667457846392001a1e1c2d": "", + "5a667457846392001a1e1c2e": "", + "5a667457846392001a1e1c2f": "", + "5a667457846392001a1e1c30": "", + "5a667457846392001a1e1c31": "development of telecommunications in the Bell System", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": "circuit switching", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": "fee per unit of information transmitted", + "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": "packet switching may be characterized by a fee per unit of information transmitted", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": "circuit switching", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": "a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session, each having a constant bit rate and latency between nodes", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": "a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session", + "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": "fee per unit of information transmitted", + "5a55068b134fea001a0e180c": "a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session", + "5a55068b134fea001a0e180d": "", + "5a55068b134fea001a0e180e": "fee per unit of information transmitted", + "5a55068b134fea001a0e180f": "", + "5a55068b134fea001a0e1810": "", + "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd06": "fee per unit of information transmitted", + "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd07": "constant", + "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd08": "fee per unit of information transmitted", + "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd09": "fee per unit of information transmitted", + "5a56496b6349e2001acdcd0a": "circuit switching", + "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d15": "packet switching may be characterized by a fee per unit of information transmitted", + "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d16": "", + "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d17": "", + "5a60556eeae51e001ab14d18": "no data is transferred", + "5a667761846392001a1e1c37": "", + "5a667761846392001a1e1c38": "per unit of connection time, even when no data is transferred, while packet switching may be characterized by a fee per unit of information transmitted", + "5a667761846392001a1e1c39": "", + "5a667761846392001a1e1c3a": "a constant bit rate and latency between nodes", + "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": "according to a multiple access scheme", + "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "Packet mode communication may be implemented with or without intermediate forwarding nodes", + "5726356938643c19005ad300": "asynchronously using first-in, first-out buffering", + "5726356938643c19005ad301": "according to a multiple access scheme", + "5a5507df134fea001a0e181e": "Packet mode", + "5a5507df134fea001a0e181f": "radio", + "5a5507df134fea001a0e1820": "shared physical", + "5a5507df134fea001a0e1821": "packet switches or routers", + "5a5507df134fea001a0e1822": "", + "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd10": "", + "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd11": "", + "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd12": "", + "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd13": "", + "5a564b1e6349e2001acdcd14": "", + "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d1d": "", + "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d1e": "", + "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d1f": "", + "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d20": "weighted fair queuing", + "5a6057f0eae51e001ab14d21": "In case of a shared physical medium", + "5a66797c846392001a1e1c49": "", + "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4a": "", + "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4b": "", + "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4c": "", + "5a66797c846392001a1e1c4d": "", + "5726249538643c19005ad07f": "the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching", + "5726249538643c19005ad080": "the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching", + "5726249538643c19005ad081": "use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points", + "5726249538643c19005ad082": "by store and forward switching", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": "distributed adaptive message block switching", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": "RAND report P-2626 in 1962", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": "The work focuses on three key ideas: use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points", + "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": "packets", + "5a5508f5134fea001a0e1828": "", + "5a5508f5134fea001a0e1829": "use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points", + "5a5508f5134fea001a0e182a": "three", + "5a5508f5134fea001a0e182b": "", + "5a5508f5134fea001a0e182c": "", + "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1a": "Baran", + "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1b": "", + "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1c": "survivable communications networks", + "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1d": "store and forward switching", + "5a564c956349e2001acdcd1e": "", + "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd34": "", + "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd35": "", + "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd36": "RAND Corporation", + "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd37": "", + "5a6059ace9e1cc001a33cd38": "", + "5a667dae846392001a1e1c53": "", + "5a667dae846392001a1e1c54": "by store and forward switching", + "5a667dae846392001a1e1c55": "", + "5a667dae846392001a1e1c56": "distributed adaptive message block switching", + "5a667dae846392001a1e1c57": "delivery of these messages by store and forward switching", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": "Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory, UK, independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": "packet switching", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": "a nationwide network in the UK", + "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": "use in the ARPANET", + "5726378238643c19005ad313": "Donald Davies", + "5726378238643c19005ad314": "packet switching", + "5726378238643c19005ad315": "suggested it for use in the ARPANET", + "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183a": "", + "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183c": "", + "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183d": "", + "5a5509e8134fea001a0e183e": "", + "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd3e": "", + "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd3f": "a person from the Ministry of Defence (MoD) told him about Baran's work.", + "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd40": "", + "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd41": "", + "5a605b5ee9e1cc001a33cd42": "", + "5a667f50846392001a1e1c67": "", + "5a667f50846392001a1e1c68": "", + "5a667f50846392001a1e1c69": "", + "5a667f50846392001a1e1c6a": "Ministry of Defence (MoD)", + "5a667f50846392001a1e1c6b": "packet switching", + "5726385e271a42140099d797": "each packet includes complete addressing information", + "5726385e271a42140099d798": "The packets are routed individually", + "5726385e271a42140099d799": "Each packet is labeled with a destination address, source address, and port numbers", + "5726385e271a42140099d79a": "At the destination, the original message/data is reassembled in the correct order, based on the packet sequence number", + "5a550b52134fea001a0e1844": "The packets are routed individually", + "5a550b52134fea001a0e1845": "Each packet is dispatched and may go via different routes", + "5a550b52134fea001a0e1846": "The packets are routed individually", + "5a550b52134fea001a0e1847": "At the destination", + "5a550b52134fea001a0e1848": "virtual circuit or byte stream", + "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd48": "out-of-order delivery", + "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd49": "based on the packet sequence number", + "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd4a": "", + "5a605cdce9e1cc001a33cd4c": "out-of-order delivery", + "5a668172f038b7001ab0bef8": "", + "5a668172f038b7001ab0bef9": "The packets are routed individually", + "5a668172f038b7001ab0befa": "", + "5a668172f038b7001ab0befb": "complete addressing information", + "5726398589a1e219009ac588": "requires a setup phase in each involved node before any packet is transferred to establish the parameters of communication", + "5726398589a1e219009ac589": "The packets include a connection identifier rather than address information", + "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": "connection id in a table", + "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": "The packet header can be small, as it only needs to contain this code and any information, such as length, timestamp, or sequence number", + "5a550c52134fea001a0e1856": "when the route to the destination is discovered and an entry is added to the switching table in each network node through which the connection passes", + "5a550c52134fea001a0e1857": "in order", + "5a550c52134fea001a0e1858": "", + "5a550c52134fea001a0e1859": "", + "5a550c52134fea001a0e185a": "Acceptable values for service parameters", + "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd52": "", + "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd53": "", + "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd54": "", + "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd55": "", + "5a605eaae9e1cc001a33cd56": "", + "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3c": "", + "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3d": "", + "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3e": "", + "5a66850bf038b7001ab0bf3f": "", + "57263b1638643c19005ad333": "connection-oriented operations", + "57263b1638643c19005ad334": "to interconnect LANs across wide area networks", + "57263b1638643c19005ad335": "Internet Protocol (IP)", + "57263b1638643c19005ad336": "to run IP over ATM or a version of MPLS", + "5a550e6f134fea001a0e187e": "connection-oriented operations", + "5a550e6f134fea001a0e187f": "data link layer", + "5a550e6f134fea001a0e1880": "connection-oriented handshake", + "5a550e6f134fea001a0e1881": "X.25 protocol suite, which consists of the lower three layers of the OSI Model", + "5a550e6f134fea001a0e1882": "at the UNI", + "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf4e": "", + "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf4f": "conventional HDLC-type link management procedures", + "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf50": "between nodes on a link", + "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf51": "1980s and early 1990s", + "5a668682f038b7001ab0bf52": "by using the HDLC/LAPD/LAPB Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode (SABM)", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": "1969", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": "", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "", + "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": "X.25 protocol suite uses this network type.", + "5a550f98134fea001a0e189c": "about twenty", + "5a550f98134fea001a0e189d": "", + "5a550f98134fea001a0e189e": "", + "5a550f98134fea001a0e189f": "", + "5a550f98134fea001a0e18a0": "the division of functions and tasks between the hosts at the edge of the network and the network core", + "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6c": "", + "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6d": "", + "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6e": "X.25 protocol suite", + "5a6688fcf038b7001ab0bf6f": "the network guarantees sequenced delivery of data to the host", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": "a proprietary suite of networking protocols", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": "allowed local area networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router or server", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": "addresses", + "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": "a plug-n-play", + "5a55106f134fea001a0e18ae": "AppleTalk", + "5a55106f134fea001a0e18af": "allowed local area networks to be established ad hoc", + "5a55106f134fea001a0e18b0": "The AppleTalk system automatically assigned addresses, updated the distributed namespace, and configured any required inter-network routing", + "5a55106f134fea001a0e18b1": "", + "5a55106f134fea001a0e18b2": "primary protocol used", + "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf88": "", + "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf89": "", + "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf8a": "plug-n-play", + "5a668b1df038b7001ab0bf8b": "", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": "", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": "It was the first network to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": "It was the first network to make the hosts responsible for reliable delivery of data, rather than the network itself", + "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": "ARPANET architecture", + "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c2": "CYCLADES packet switching network", + "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c3": "", + "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c4": "", + "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c5": "", + "5a55114d134fea001a0e18c6": "alternatives to the early ARPANET design", + "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa4": "", + "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa5": "", + "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa6": "", + "5a668c1af038b7001ab0bfa7": "", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": "a suite of network protocols created by Digital Equipment Corporation", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": "originally released in 1975 in order to connect two PDP-11 minicomputers", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": "", + "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": "open standards with published specifications", + "5a551230134fea001a0e18cc": "", + "5a551230134fea001a0e18cd": "network architectures", + "5a551230134fea001a0e18ce": "", + "5a551230134fea001a0e18cf": "network protocols", + "5a551230134fea001a0e18d0": "", + "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfac": "", + "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfad": "", + "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfae": "", + "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfaf": "", + "5a668d25f038b7001ab0bfb0": "", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": "a data network based on this voice-phone network was designed to connect GE's four computer sales and service centers", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": "Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": "They lost money from the beginning", + "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": "a time-sharing system, based on Kemney's work at Dartmouth\u2014which used a computer on loan from GE\u2014could be profitable", + "5a551328134fea001a0e18d6": "computer service bureaus", + "5a551328134fea001a0e18d7": "", + "5a551328134fea001a0e18d8": "computer time-sharing service", + "5a551328134fea001a0e18d9": "computer time-sharing service", + "5a551328134fea001a0e18da": "a time-sharing system, based on Kemney's work at Dartmouth\u2014which used a computer on loan from GE\u2014could be profitable", + "5a668e55f038b7001ab0bfcb": "", + "5a668e55f038b7001ab0bfcc": "Dartmouth", + "5a668e55f038b7001ab0bfcd": "", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": "to explore computer networking between three of Michigan's public universities as a means to help the state's educational and economic development", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": "connections to the CDC mainframe at Michigan State University in East Lansing", + "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": "TCP/IP", + "5a551492134fea001a0e18e0": "computer networking", + "5a551492134fea001a0e18e1": "University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and Wayne State University in Detroit", + "5a551492134fea001a0e18e2": "Michigan Educational Research Information Triad", + "5a551492134fea001a0e18e3": "NSFNET project", + "5a551492134fea001a0e18e4": "", + "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe6": "", + "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe7": "1966", + "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe8": "to help the state's educational and economic development", + "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfe9": "NSFNET project", + "5a668fc9f038b7001ab0bfea": "terminal to host connections, host to host batch connections", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": "Telenet was the first FCC-licensed public data network in the United States", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": "Larry Roberts", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": "as a means of making ARPANET technology public", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": "X.25 and the terminal interface to X.29", + "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": "GTE", + "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ea": "Larry Roberts", + "5a55157f134fea001a0e18eb": "", + "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ec": "", + "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ed": "went public", + "5a55157f134fea001a0e18ee": "incompatible with their future", + "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff0": "", + "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff1": "", + "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff2": "", + "5a6690d6f038b7001ab0bff3": "", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": "an international data communications network", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": "Users typically connected via dial-up connections or dedicated async connections", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": "Users typically connected via dial-up connections or dedicated async connections", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": "build their own dedicated networks", + "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": "The private networks were often connected via gateways to the public network to reach locations not on the private network", + "5a55167b134fea001a0e18fe": "virtual call packet switched technology", + "5a55167b134fea001a0e18ff": "to reach locations not on the private network", + "5a55167b134fea001a0e1900": "Another employee", + "5a55167b134fea001a0e1901": "Users", + "5a55167b134fea001a0e1902": "large companies, educational institutions, and government agencies", + "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c002": "", + "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c003": "", + "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c004": "", + "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c005": "", + "5a6694dbf038b7001ab0c006": "", + "572643de5951261400b5195a": "two", + "572643de5951261400b5195b": "Bell Northern Research", + "572643de5951261400b5195c": "the interconnection of national X.25 networks", + "5a551a65134fea001a0e191c": "", + "5a551a65134fea001a0e191d": "DATAPAC clones", + "5a551a65134fea001a0e191e": "call a host on a foreign network", + "5a551a65134fea001a0e191f": "", + "5a551a65134fea001a0e1920": "", + "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c016": "", + "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c017": "", + "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c018": "", + "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c019": "", + "5a6695e8f038b7001ab0c01a": "interconnection of national X.25 networks", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": "Australia's first public packet-switched data network", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": "supporting applications such as on-line betting, financial applications", + "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": "Access can be via a dial-up terminal to a PAD, or, by linking a permanent X.25 node to the network.", + "5a551d87134fea001a0e1944": "AUSTPAC", + "5a551d87134fea001a0e1945": "packet-switched data", + "5a551d87134fea001a0e1946": "", + "5a551d87134fea001a0e1947": "academic institutions", + "5a551d87134fea001a0e1948": "financial applications", + "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c020": "", + "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c021": "academic institutions", + "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c022": "", + "5a6696d0f038b7001ab0c023": "", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": "public switched data network operated by the Dutch PTT Telecom", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": "Datanet 1 only referred to the network and the connected users", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": "", + "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": "this use of the name was incorrect", + "5a552252134fea001a0e1962": "", + "5a552252134fea001a0e1963": "the public PAD service Telepad", + "5a552252134fea001a0e1964": "Datanet 1 only referred to the network and the connected users via leased lines", + "5a552252134fea001a0e1965": "use of the name", + "5a552252134fea001a0e1966": "the same people within one department", + "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03c": "", + "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03d": "", + "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03e": "", + "5a669800f038b7001ab0c03f": "", + "5726462b708984140094c117": "a computer network funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) that began operation in 1981", + "5726462b708984140094c118": "to extend networking benefits", + "5726462b708984140094c119": "The Computer Science Network", + "5a55234d134fea001a0e1974": "the global Internet", + "5a55234d134fea001a0e1975": "", + "5a55234d134fea001a0e1976": "computer science departments at academic and research institutions", + "5a55234d134fea001a0e1977": "", + "5a55234d134fea001a0e1978": "ARPANET", + "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c044": "", + "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c045": "to extend networking benefits", + "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c046": "funding or authorization limitations", + "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c047": "", + "5a669a2cf038b7001ab0c048": "", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": "a not-for-profit United States computer networking consortium led by members from the research and education communities, industry, and government", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": "Qwest", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": "Abilene, in 1998", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": "Qwest", + "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": "Internet2 Network", + "5a55242b134fea001a0e197e": "The Internet2 community", + "5a55242b134fea001a0e197f": "", + "5a55242b134fea001a0e1980": "Internet2 Network", + "5a55242b134fea001a0e1981": "Internet2 Network", + "5a55242b134fea001a0e1982": "", + "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c04e": "", + "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c04f": "", + "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c050": "", + "5a669b3df038b7001ab0c051": "National LambdaRail", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "The National Science Foundation Network", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": "to promote advanced research and education networking in the United States", + "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": "it developed into a major part of the Internet backbone", + "5a552578134fea001a0e1990": "", + "5a552578134fea001a0e1991": "", + "5a552578134fea001a0e1992": "to link researchers to the nation's NSF-funded supercomputing centers", + "5a552578134fea001a0e1993": "a major part of the Internet backbone", + "5a552578134fea001a0e1994": "", + "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c056": "advanced research and education networking in the United States", + "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c057": "", + "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c058": "", + "5a669ca9f038b7001ab0c059": "to link researchers to the nation's NSF-funded supercomputing centers", + "572648d1708984140094c15d": "Very high-speed Backbone Network Service", + "572648d1708984140094c15e": "to provide high-speed interconnection between NSF-sponsored supercomputing centers and select access points", + "572648d1708984140094c15f": "MCI Telecommunications", + "572648d1708984140094c160": "", + "572648d1708984140094c161": "The vBNS installed one of the first ever production OC-48c (2.5 Gbit/s) IP links in February 1999", + "5a55319c134fea001a0e19ba": "", + "5a55319c134fea001a0e19bb": "", + "5a55319c134fea001a0e19bc": "", + "5a55319c134fea001a0e19bd": "(622 Mbit/s) links on an all OC-12c backbone", + "5a55319c134fea001a0e19be": "", + "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c05e": "", + "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c05f": "", + "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c060": "", + "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c061": "", + "5a669d5cf038b7001ab0c062": "", + "57264684708984140094c123": "Central Asia", + "57264684708984140094c124": "it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats", + "57264684708984140094c125": "30\u201360%", + "57264684708984140094c126": "17th century", + "57264684708984140094c127": "until the 19th century.", + "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d241f": "", + "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2420": "", + "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2421": "", + "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2422": "", + "5a2eb84ba83784001a7d2423": "", + "572647935951b619008f6ec9": "commonly present", + "572647935951b619008f6eca": "1338\u201339", + "572647935951b619008f6ecb": "", + "572647935951b619008f6ecc": "1331", + "572647935951b619008f6ecd": "25 million", + "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d2429": "", + "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242a": "13th", + "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242b": "", + "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242c": "", + "5a2eb95ca83784001a7d242d": "", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": "Genoese traders", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": "Mongol army under Jani Beg", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": "the infected corpses", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": "Sicily", + "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": "several existing conditions such as war, famine, and weather", + "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2433": "", + "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2434": "", + "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2435": "", + "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2436": "", + "5a2eba17a83784001a7d2437": "", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": "northwest", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": "", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": "smaller trade relations with their neighbours", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": "Germany and Scandinavia", + "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": "1349", + "5a2ebaada83784001a7d243d": "June 1348", + "5a2ebaada83784001a7d243e": "", + "5a2ebaada83784001a7d243f": "", + "5a2ebaada83784001a7d2440": "neighbours", + "5a2ebaada83784001a7d2441": "", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": "serious depopulation and permanent change in both economic and social structures", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": "autumn 1347", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": "through the port's trade with Constantinople", + "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": "the north", + "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d2447": "", + "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d2448": "the north", + "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d2449": "", + "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d244a": "", + "5a2ebb5fa83784001a7d244b": "", + "57264a74708984140094c18b": "Gasquet", + "57264a74708984140094c18c": "atra mors", + "57264a74708984140094c18d": "Gasquet", + "57264a74708984140094c18e": "1823", + "57264a74708984140094c18f": "Germany", + "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2451": "", + "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2452": "1823", + "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2453": "", + "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2454": "", + "5a2ec431a83784001a7d2455": "", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": "the heavens", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": "king of France", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": "Miasma theory", + "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": "Miasma theory", + "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245b": "", + "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245c": "bad air", + "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245d": "", + "5a2ec55da83784001a7d245e": "", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": "Yersinia pestis", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": "Hong Kong in 1894", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": "Alexandre Yersin", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": "The mechanism by which Y. pestis was usually transmitted", + "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": "two populations of rodents", + "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2463": "", + "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2464": "", + "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2465": "", + "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2466": "", + "5a2ec77ba83784001a7d2467": "Alexandre Yersin", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": "Francis Aidan Gasquet", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": "some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": "1908", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": "rats and fleas", + "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": "Great Pestilence", + "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d246d": "", + "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d246e": "", + "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d246f": "Great Pestilence", + "5a2ec82fa83784001a7d2470": "", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": "30\u201375%", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": "38\u201341 \u00b0C", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": "80 percent", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": "90 to 95 percent", + "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": "purple skin patches", + "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d2477": "bright red", + "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d2478": "", + "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d2479": "", + "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d247a": "", + "5a2ec98aa83784001a7d247b": "", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": "October 2010", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": "a new investigation into the role of Yersinia pestis in the Black Death", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": "Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": "tooth sockets in human skeletons from mass graves", + "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": "unambiguously demonstrates that Y. pestis was the causative agent of the epidemic plague", + "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2481": "2010", + "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2482": "", + "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2483": "", + "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2484": "", + "5a2eca47a83784001a7d2485": "", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": "genetic branches", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": "Y. p. orientalis and Y. p. medievalis", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": "the plague may have entered Europe in two waves", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": "November 1347", + "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": "spring of 1349", + "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248b": "", + "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248c": "", + "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248d": "", + "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248e": "spring", + "5a2ecb43a83784001a7d248f": "", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": "confirmed and amended", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": "East Smithfield burial site in England", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": "no longer exist", + "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": "October 2011", + "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2495": "", + "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2496": "", + "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2497": "", + "5a2ecbe9a83784001a7d2498": "", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": "J. F. D. Shrewsbury", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": "the reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": "contemporary accounts were exaggerations", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": "first major work to challenge the bubonic plague theory directly", + "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": "Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.", + "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d249f": "", + "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a0": "authors", + "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a1": "", + "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a2": "", + "5a2eccc9a83784001a7d24a3": "", + "5726516a708984140094c223": "epidemiological account", + "5726516a708984140094c224": "lack of reliable statistics from this period", + "5726516a708984140094c225": "over 100%", + "5726516a708984140094c226": "figures from the clergy", + "5726516a708984140094c227": "between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377", + "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24a9": "", + "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24aa": "", + "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24ab": "", + "5a2ecd6da83784001a7d24ac": "", + "57265285708984140094c25b": "the rat population was insufficient to account for a bubonic plague pandemic", + "57265285708984140094c25c": "marginal significance", + "57265285708984140094c25d": "temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas", + "57265285708984140094c25e": "", + "57265285708984140094c25f": "5 to 15 years", + "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b1": "", + "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b2": "", + "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b3": "the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague", + "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b4": "", + "5a2eced7a83784001a7d24b5": "", + "5726534d708984140094c26d": "", + "5726534d708984140094c26e": "thought it may have been a combination of anthrax and other pandemics", + "5726534d708984140094c26f": "typhus, smallpox and respiratory infections", + "5726534d708984140094c270": "a type of \"blood poisoning", + "5726534d708984140094c271": "25", + "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c5": "", + "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c6": "", + "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c7": "", + "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c8": "", + "5a2ecfb1a83784001a7d24c9": "", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": "about a third", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": "Half", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": "some pre-planning and Christian burials", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": "as much as 50%", + "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": "the most isolated", + "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24cf": "40%", + "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d0": "", + "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d1": "Italy", + "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d2": "", + "5a2ed0a0a83784001a7d24d3": "", + "572654e2708984140094c2b7": "14th to 17th centuries", + "572654e2708984140094c2b8": "the plague was present somewhere in Europe in every year between 1346 and 1671.", + "572654e2708984140094c2b9": "almost a million", + "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24d9": "", + "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24da": "", + "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24db": "", + "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24dc": "", + "5a2ed136a83784001a7d24dd": "", + "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": "propose a range of preincident population figures", + "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": "end of 1350", + "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": "as much as 10\u201315% of the population", + "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": "1665", + "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e3": "", + "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e4": "", + "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e5": "1498", + "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e6": "", + "5a2ed246a83784001a7d24e7": "", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": "40,000", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": "Russia", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": "22", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": "Italian Plague of 1629\u20131631", + "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": "1654", + "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24ed": "40,000", + "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24ee": "", + "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24ef": "", + "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24f0": "", + "5a2ed354a83784001a7d24f1": "", + "57265700dd62a815002e820e": "1.7 million", + "57265700dd62a815002e820f": "about half", + "57265700dd62a815002e8210": "1.25 million deaths resulted from the extreme incidence of plague in 17th-century Spain. The plague of 1649 probably reduced the population of Seville by half", + "57265700dd62a815002e8211": "Sweden v. Russia and allies", + "57265700dd62a815002e8212": "1720", + "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24f7": "Spain", + "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24f8": "Sweden", + "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24f9": "", + "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24fa": "a third", + "5a2ed42fa83784001a7d24fb": "", + "5726577f708984140094c301": "between 1500 and 1850", + "5726577f708984140094c302": "30 to 50 thousand", + "5726577f708984140094c303": "until the second quarter of the 19th century", + "5726577f708984140094c304": "two-thirds", + "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2501": "", + "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2502": "", + "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2503": "thirty-one", + "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2504": "", + "5a2ed525a83784001a7d2505": "", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": "melt", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": "metamorphic", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": "magma", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": "igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic", + "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": "heat and pressure", + "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd66": "", + "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd67": "", + "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd68": "", + "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd69": "", + "5a57c667770dc0001aeefd6a": "", + "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce32": "", + "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce33": "", + "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce34": "weathered and eroded, and then redeposited", + "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce35": "", + "5a58cfd63e1742001a15ce36": "mineral content", + "57265d08708984140094c397": "seafloor spreading", + "57265d08708984140094c398": "the crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle", + "57265d08708984140094c399": "asthenosphere", + "57265d08708984140094c39a": "convection of the mantle", + "57265d08708984140094c39b": "1960s", + "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd70": "", + "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd71": "", + "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd72": "", + "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd73": "", + "5a57ca90770dc0001aeefd74": "", + "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3c": "", + "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3d": "", + "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3e": "", + "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce3f": "1960s", + "5a58d33e3e1742001a15ce40": "", + "57265f605951b619008f70db": "divergent boundaries", + "57265f605951b619008f70dc": "convergent boundaries", + "57265f605951b619008f70dd": "Transform boundaries", + "57265f605951b619008f70de": "Alfred Wegener", + "57265f605951b619008f70df": "convecting", + "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd84": "resulted in widespread powerful earthquakes", + "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd86": "divergent boundaries", + "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd87": "widespread powerful earthquakes", + "5a57cc97770dc0001aeefd88": "", + "5a58db973e1742001a15ce4e": "", + "5a58db973e1742001a15ce4f": "how the lithosphere moves over the convecting mantle", + "5a58db973e1742001a15ce50": "", + "5a58db973e1742001a15ce51": "theory of continental drift", + "5a58db973e1742001a15ce52": "", + "57266193dd62a815002e832a": "seismic", + "57266193dd62a815002e832b": "crust and lithosphere", + "57266193dd62a815002e832c": "seismic discontinuities at 410 and 660 kilometers", + "57266193dd62a815002e832d": "mantle", + "57266193dd62a815002e832e": "wave speeds", + "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda2": "", + "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda3": "", + "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda4": "", + "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda5": "more detailed view of the interior of the Earth", + "5a57cf7a770dc0001aeefda6": "seismic discontinuities", + "5a58dd513e1742001a15ce61": "liquid", + "5a58dd513e1742001a15ce62": "", + "5a58dd513e1742001a15ce63": "", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": "", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": "Quaternary", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": "Holocene", + "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": "Quaternary period", + "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdc8": "the most recent era", + "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdc9": "", + "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdca": "", + "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdcb": "", + "5a57d364770dc0001aeefdcc": "", + "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce82": "", + "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce83": "", + "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce84": "", + "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce85": "the most recent eon", + "5a58e3833e1742001a15ce86": "", + "572665ff708984140094c4c3": "principle of cross-cutting relationships", + "572665ff708984140094c4c4": "younger", + "572665ff708984140094c4c5": "the key bed", + "572665ff708984140094c4c6": "", + "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde6": "Finding the key bed", + "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde7": "", + "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde8": "the key bed", + "5a57d668770dc0001aeefde9": "younger than the fault", + "5a57d668770dc0001aeefdea": "", + "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea6": "normal fault or a thrust fault", + "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea7": "", + "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea8": "", + "5a58e9133e1742001a15cea9": "a normal fault", + "5a58e9133e1742001a15ceaa": "the formations that were cut are older than the fault", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": "xenoliths", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": "magma or lava flows", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": "clasts", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": "principle of inclusions and components", + "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": "gravel", + "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefed8": "", + "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefed9": "", + "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefeda": "", + "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefedb": "", + "5a57eee0770dc0001aeefedc": "", + "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cede": "", + "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cedf": "magma or lava flows", + "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cee0": "The principle of inclusions and components", + "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cee1": "", + "5a58f69e3e1742001a15cee2": "", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": "faunal succession", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": "William Smith", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": "quite complex", + "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": "fossils", + "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": "William Smith", + "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee2": "", + "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee3": "", + "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee4": "", + "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee5": "", + "5a57f0ea770dc0001aeefee6": "fossilization", + "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf2e": "", + "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf2f": "William Smith", + "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf30": "uncertainties of fossilization", + "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf31": "", + "5a58feb63e1742001a15cf32": "", + "57266c015951b619008f7237": "20th century", + "57266c015951b619008f7238": "stratigraphic", + "57266c015951b619008f7239": "new absolute", + "57266c015951b619008f723a": "one another", + "57266c015951b619008f723b": "fossil sequences", + "5a57f487770dc0001aeefefc": "obtain accurate absolute dates to geologic events using radioactive isotopes and other methods. This changed the understanding of geologic time", + "5a57f487770dc0001aeefefd": "understanding of geologic time", + "5a57f487770dc0001aeefefe": "20th century", + "5a57f487770dc0001aeefeff": "", + "5a57f487770dc0001aeeff00": "", + "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf38": "", + "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf39": "", + "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf3a": "", + "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf3b": "", + "5a59002d3e1742001a15cf3c": "", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": "", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": "closure temperature", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": "isotope ratios", + "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": "Dating of lava and volcanic ash layers", + "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff06": "", + "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff07": "", + "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff08": "", + "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff09": "", + "5a57f717770dc0001aeeff0a": "", + "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf42": "", + "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf43": "", + "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf44": "", + "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf45": "", + "5a5904ed3e1742001a15cf46": "", + "5726701add62a815002e84c8": "horizontal", + "5726701add62a815002e84c9": "In the shallow crust", + "5726701add62a815002e84ca": "antiforms", + "5726701add62a815002e84cb": "synforms", + "5726701add62a815002e84cc": "anticlines and synclines", + "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff10": "", + "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff11": "", + "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff12": "", + "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff13": "rocks behave plastically, and fold instead of faulting", + "5a57fb62770dc0001aeeff14": "thrust faults", + "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4c": "", + "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4d": "the principle of superposition", + "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4e": "plastically", + "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf4f": "", + "5a5909b13e1742001a15cf50": "", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": "Extension", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": "boudins", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": "Maria Fold and Thrust Belt", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": "metamorphosed", + "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": "normal faulting", + "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1a": "", + "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1b": "", + "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1c": "", + "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1d": "", + "5a57fe29770dc0001aeeff1e": "", + "5a590de93e1742001a15cf56": "", + "5a590de93e1742001a15cf57": "", + "5a590de93e1742001a15cf58": "", + "5a590de93e1742001a15cf59": "normal faulting", + "5a590de93e1742001a15cf5a": "", + "572673f5708984140094c69b": "Dikes", + "572673f5708984140094c69c": "in areas that are being actively deformed", + "572673f5708984140094c69d": "topographic", + "572673f5708984140094c69e": "Continual motion along the fault", + "572673f5708984140094c69f": "Deformational events", + "5a580070770dc0001aeeff36": "", + "5a580070770dc0001aeeff37": "", + "5a580070770dc0001aeeff38": "", + "5a580070770dc0001aeeff39": "", + "5a580070770dc0001aeeff3a": "", + "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf60": "topographic gradients", + "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf61": "material on the rock unit that is increasing in elevation to be eroded by hillslopes and channels", + "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf62": "", + "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf63": "", + "5a590efb3e1742001a15cf64": "", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": "layered basaltic lava flows", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": "Acasta gneiss of the Slave craton", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": "sedimentary rocks", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": "Cambrian time", + "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": "northwestern Canada", + "5a580429770dc0001aeeff46": "layered basaltic lava flows", + "5a580429770dc0001aeeff47": "", + "5a580429770dc0001aeeff48": "", + "5a580429770dc0001aeeff49": "", + "5a580429770dc0001aeeff4a": "", + "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6a": "", + "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6b": "", + "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6c": "", + "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6d": "", + "5a5915043e1742001a15cf6e": "", + "572677e7708984140094c723": "the study of rocks", + "572677e7708984140094c724": "the study of sedimentary layers", + "572677e7708984140094c725": "the study of positions of rock units and their deformation", + "572677e7708984140094c726": "soils, rivers, landscapes, and glaciers", + "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff66": "", + "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff67": "", + "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff68": "geophysical", + "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff69": "", + "5a5808ef770dc0001aeeff6a": "", + "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf74": "", + "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf75": "", + "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf76": "", + "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf77": "", + "5a5915cd3e1742001a15cf78": "", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": "identifying rocks", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": "interference", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": "geochemical evolution of rock units", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": "the laboratory", + "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": "", + "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff78": "", + "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff79": "", + "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff7a": "", + "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff7b": "", + "5a580ab1770dc0001aeeff7c": "", + "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf7e": "", + "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf7f": "", + "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf80": "", + "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf81": "", + "5a5918ff3e1742001a15cf82": "", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": "perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": "perform high temperature and pressure physical experiments", + "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": "metamorphic processes", + "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff96": "", + "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff97": "", + "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff98": "", + "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff99": "", + "5a580d05770dc0001aeeff9a": "", + "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf88": "processes that occur within the Earth", + "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf89": "", + "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf8a": "", + "5a591a5f3e1742001a15cf8b": "", + "57267d52708984140094c7d9": "Structural", + "57267d52708984140094c7da": "microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections of geologic samples", + "57267d52708984140094c7db": "plot and combine", + "57267d52708984140094c7dc": "analog and numerical", + "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffb8": "", + "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffb9": "", + "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffba": "", + "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffbb": "", + "5a5810c4770dc0001aeeffbc": "", + "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa4": "strain within the crystalline structure of the rocks", + "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa5": "plot", + "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa6": "strain within the crystalline structure of the rocks", + "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa7": "numerical experiments", + "5a591f773e1742001a15cfa8": "", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": "orogenic wedges", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": "orogenic wedges", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": "sand", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": "all angles remain the same", + "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": "Numerical models", + "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd0": "", + "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd1": "more sophisticated", + "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd2": "", + "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd3": "", + "5a5812f9770dc0001aeeffd4": "", + "5a5920963e1742001a15cfae": "", + "5a5920963e1742001a15cfaf": "they are often more sophisticated", + "5a5920963e1742001a15cfb0": "", + "5a5920963e1742001a15cfb1": "pathways", + "5a5920963e1742001a15cfb2": "", + "57268066708984140094c821": "stratigraphers", + "57268066708984140094c822": "geophysical", + "57268066708984140094c823": "well logs", + "57268066708984140094c824": "computer programs", + "57268066708984140094c825": "water, coal, and hydrocarbon", + "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe2": "", + "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe3": "drill cores", + "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe4": "", + "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe5": "", + "5a581597770dc0001aeeffe6": "", + "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc2": "", + "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc3": "", + "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc4": "stratigraphers often use computer programs", + "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc5": "", + "5a5929d33e1742001a15cfc6": "", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": "biostratigraphers", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": "Geochronologists", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": "to provide better absolute bounds on the timing and rates of deposition", + "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": "Magnetic stratigraphers", + "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffec": "", + "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffed": "", + "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffee": "", + "5a5817e3770dc0001aeeffef": "", + "5a5817e3770dc0001aeefff0": "", + "5a592b593e1742001a15cfcc": "fossils", + "5a592b593e1742001a15cfcd": "", + "5a592b593e1742001a15cfce": "past climate", + "5a592b593e1742001a15cfcf": "", + "5a592b593e1742001a15cfd0": "", + "572683f95951b619008f7525": "Persia", + "572683f95951b619008f7526": "Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni", + "572683f95951b619008f7527": "Shen Kuo", + "572683f95951b619008f7528": "Ibn Sina", + "572683f95951b619008f7529": "his observation of fossil animal shells", + "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff6": "", + "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff7": "", + "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff8": "", + "5a581adb770dc0001aeefff9": "fossil animal shells", + "5a581adb770dc0001aeefffa": "", + "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd6": "Persia", + "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd7": "polymath", + "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd8": "", + "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfd9": "Greek and Indian scientific literature", + "5a592c9d3e1742001a15cfda": "", + "57268527708984140094c8bf": "James Hutton", + "57268527708984140094c8c0": "Theory of the Earth", + "57268527708984140094c8c1": "1795", + "57268527708984140094c8c2": "the Earth must be much older than had previously been supposed", + "5a581bda770dc0001aef0000": "", + "5a581bda770dc0001aef0001": "", + "5a581bda770dc0001aef0002": "", + "5a581bda770dc0001aef0003": "", + "5a581bda770dc0001aef0004": "to allow enough time for mountains to be eroded and for sediments to form new rocks at the bottom of the sea", + "5a592d703e1742001a15cfea": "", + "5a592d703e1742001a15cfeb": "", + "5a592d703e1742001a15cfec": "", + "5a592d703e1742001a15cfed": "", + "5a592d703e1742001a15cfee": "", + "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": "William Maclure", + "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": "1809", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": "1809", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": "American Philosophical Society", + "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": "Observations on the Geology of the United States", + "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000a": "", + "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000b": "", + "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000c": "", + "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000d": "", + "5a581e5d770dc0001aef000e": "", + "5a592e733e1742001a15cff4": "", + "5a592e733e1742001a15cff5": "50", + "5a592e733e1742001a15cff6": "", + "5a592e733e1742001a15cff7": "", + "5a592e733e1742001a15cff8": "six years", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": "Principles of Geology", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": "uniformitarianism", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": "uniformitarianism", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": "catastrophism", + "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": "Charles Darwin", + "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0014": "", + "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0015": "the doctrine of uniformitarianism", + "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0016": "", + "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0017": "catastrophism is the theory that Earth's features formed in single, catastrophic events and remained unchanged thereafter", + "5a582cfa770dc0001aef0018": "Earth's features", + "5a592f3f3e1742001a15cffe": "", + "5a592f3f3e1742001a15cfff": "", + "5a592f3f3e1742001a15d000": "", + "5a592f3f3e1742001a15d001": "", + "5a592f3f3e1742001a15d002": "", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": "pharma", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": "tobacco and patent medicines", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": "sorcery or even poison", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": "outdated", + "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": "many other herbs not listed", + "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a624": "", + "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a625": "", + "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a626": "", + "5a6cb5c14eec6b001a80a628": "", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "healthcare professionals", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": "optimal", + "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": "drug treatment", + "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": "small-business proprietors", + "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": "specialised education and training", + "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a62e": "", + "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a62f": "", + "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a630": "", + "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a631": "", + "5a6cb66c4eec6b001a80a632": "", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": "other senior pharmacy technicians", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": "General Pharmaceutical Council", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": "regulates the practice of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": "health care professional", + "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": "manage the pharmacy department and specialised areas in pharmacy practice", + "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a638": "a pharmacist", + "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a639": "", + "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a63a": "", + "5a6cb7ce4eec6b001a80a63b": "", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": "Diocles of Carystus", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": "writing a five volume book in his native Greek \u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": "De Materia Medica", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": "materia medica", + "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": "middle eastern scientists", + "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a640": "", + "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a641": "", + "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a642": "", + "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a643": "", + "5a6cb89e4eec6b001a80a644": "", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": "highly respected", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": "Taih\u014d Code", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": "the Meiji Restoration", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": "status superior to all others", + "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": "ranked above", + "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64a": "", + "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64b": "", + "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64c": "ranked above the two personal physicians of the Emperor", + "5a6cba504eec6b001a80a64d": "", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": "botany and chemistry", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": "Muhammad ibn Zakar\u012bya R\u0101zi", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": "Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": "sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate", + "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": "Al-Muwaffaq", + "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a652": "", + "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a653": "", + "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a654": "", + "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a655": "", + "5a6cbba74eec6b001a80a656": "", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": "15th century", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": "Church of Santa Maria Novella", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": "a museum", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": "old prescription books and antique drugs", + "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": "1221", + "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65c": "", + "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65d": "", + "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65e": "", + "5a6cdddf4eec6b001a80a65f": "", + "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": "pharmacy legislation", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": "compounding/dispensing medications", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": "automation", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": "patients' prescriptions and patient safety issues", + "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": "storage conditions, compulsory texts, equipment", + "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a664": "", + "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a665": "", + "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a666": "", + "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a667": "", + "5a6ce1054eec6b001a80a668": "", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": "pharmacy practice residency", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": "various disciplines of pharmacy", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": "medications", + "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": "clinical pharmacists", + "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a66e": "", + "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a66f": "", + "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a670": "", + "5a6ce1ca4eec6b001a80a671": "", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "within the premises of the hospital", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": "unit-dose, or a single dose of medicine", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "high risk preparations and some other compounding functions", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "high cost of medications and drug-related technology", + "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": "stock a larger range of medications, including more specialized medications", + "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a676": "", + "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a677": "", + "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a678": "", + "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a679": "", + "5a6ce2ec4eec6b001a80a67a": "", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": "direct patient care services that optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": "inside hospitals and clinics", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": "physicians and other healthcare professionals", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": "patient care rounds drug product selection", + "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": "hospitals and clinics", + "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a680": "", + "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a681": "", + "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a682": "", + "5a6ce4164eec6b001a80a683": "", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": "creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan for patient-specific problems, identifying goals of therapy, and reviewing all prescribed medications", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": "evaluation of the appropriateness of the drug therapy", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": "drug choice, dose, route, frequency, and duration", + "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": "potential drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and assess patient drug allergies", + "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a688": "", + "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a689": "", + "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a68a": "", + "5a6ce4fa4eec6b001a80a68b": "", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": "full independent prescribing authority", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": "North Carolina and New Mexico", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": "2011", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": "Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist", + "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": "the VA, the Indian Health Service, and NIH", + "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a690": "", + "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a691": "", + "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a692": "", + "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a693": "", + "5a6ce55e4eec6b001a80a694": "", + "5726ea985951b619008f8261": "medication regimen review", + "5726ea985951b619008f8262": "nursing homes", + "5726ea985951b619008f8263": "Omnicare, Kindred Healthcare and PharMerica", + "5726ea985951b619008f8264": "many elderly people are now taking numerous medications but continue to live outside of institutional settings", + "5726ea985951b619008f8265": "provide consulting services", + "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69a": "", + "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69b": "", + "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69c": "", + "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69d": "", + "5a6ce6164eec6b001a80a69e": "", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": "about the year 2000", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": "brick-and-mortar community pharmacies", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": "online pharmacies", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": "if they are homebound", + "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": "the method by which the medications are requested and received", + "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a4": "", + "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a5": "", + "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a6": "", + "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a7": "", + "5a6ce6b54eec6b001a80a6a8": "", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": "to avoid the \"inconvenience\" of visiting a doctor", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": "those who feel that only doctors", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": "potentially dangerous", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": "sell prescription drugs without requiring a prescription", + "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": "sell prescription drugs and require a valid prescription", + "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6ae": "", + "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6af": "", + "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6b0": "a valid prescription", + "5a6ce7444eec6b001a80a6b1": "", + "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": "it must be issued for a legitimate medical purpose by a licensed practitioner acting in the course of legitimate doctor-patient relationship", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": "the ease with which people, youth in particular, can obtain controlled substances", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": "", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": "to ensure that the prescription is valid", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": "individual state laws", + "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": "Vicodin", + "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b6": "", + "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b7": "", + "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b8": "", + "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6b9": "", + "5a6ce8ea4eec6b001a80a6ba": "", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": "to reduce consumer costs", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": "Canada", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": "international drug suppliers", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": "There is no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use with a prescription, who has ever been charged by authorities", + "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": "legalize importation of medications", + "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c0": "", + "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c1": "", + "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c2": "", + "5a6ce9ab4eec6b001a80a6c3": "", + "5726f2375951b619008f830f": "pharmacy practice science and applied information science", + "5726f2375951b619008f8310": "information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies", + "5726f2375951b619008f8311": "major national and international patient information projects and health system interoperability goals", + "5726f2375951b619008f8312": "", + "5726f2375951b619008f8313": "quickly", + "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6c8": "", + "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6c9": "", + "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6ca": "", + "5a6ceb164eec6b001a80a6cb": "", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": "specialty drugs", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": "19", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": "cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": "injectable, oral, infused, or inhaled", + "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": "lab monitoring, adherence counseling", + "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d0": "", + "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d1": "", + "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d2": "", + "5a6ceb7a4eec6b001a80a6d3": "", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": "separately from physicians", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": "pharmacists are regulated separately from physicians. These jurisdictions also usually specify that only pharmacists", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": "the American Medical Association", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": "7 to 10 percent", + "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": "form business partnerships with physicians or give them \"kickback\" payments", + "5a6cecdb4eec6b001a80a6d8": "", + "5a6cecdb4eec6b001a80a6d9": "", + "5a6cecdb4eec6b001a80a6db": "", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": "rural areas in the United Kingdom", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": "Austria", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": "1.6 kilometres", + "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": "1.6 kilometres", + "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e0": "", + "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e1": "", + "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e2": "", + "5a6ced7d4eec6b001a80a6e3": "", + "5726f7715951b619008f838d": "high risk of a conflict of interest and/or the avoidance of absolute powers", + "5726f7715951b619008f838e": "financial self-interest", + "5726f7715951b619008f838f": "the checks and balances system", + "5726f7715951b619008f8390": "obtaining cost-effective medication", + "5726f7715951b619008f8391": "sell more medications to the patient", + "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6e8": "high risk of a conflict of interest", + "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6e9": "", + "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6ea": "", + "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6eb": "the checks and balances system", + "5a6cee244eec6b001a80a6ec": "", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": "become more integral within the health care system", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": "patient care skills", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": "clinical services that pharmacists can provide for their patients", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": "thorough analysis of all medication", + "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": "increased patient health outcomes", + "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f2": "", + "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f3": "", + "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f4": "", + "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f5": "", + "5a6ceec84eec6b001a80a6f6": "", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": "Alberta and British Columbia", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": "the Australian Government", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": "medicine use reviews", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": "pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy", + "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": "Doctor of Pharmacy", + "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6fc": "Alberta and British Columbia", + "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6fd": "", + "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6fe": "", + "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a6ff": "", + "5a6cef5a4eec6b001a80a700": "", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": "mortar and pestle and the \u211e (recipere) character", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": "The show globe", + "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": "the Netherlands", + "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": "Germany and Austria", + "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": "France, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and India", + "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a706": "", + "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a707": "", + "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a708": "", + "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a709": "", + "5a6cefd64eec6b001a80a70a": "", + "57271c235951b619008f860b": "Civil disobedience", + "57271c235951b619008f860c": "apartheid", + "57271c235951b619008f860d": "the Singing Revolution", + "57271c235951b619008f860e": "Ukraine", + "57271c235951b619008f860f": "Georgia", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": "Egyptians", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": "Egyptians against the British occupation", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": "what they deem to be unfair laws", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": "unfair laws", + "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": "the Singing Revolution", + "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ec7": "", + "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ec8": "", + "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ec9": "", + "5a66413dc2b11c001a425eca": "the Baltic countries", + "5a66413dc2b11c001a425ecb": "Czechoslovakia", + "57271f125951b619008f8635": "Antigone", + "57271f125951b619008f8636": "Oedipus", + "57271f125951b619008f8637": "Creon", + "57271f125951b619008f8638": "Antigone", + "57271f125951b619008f8639": "giving her brother Polynices a proper burial", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": "Antigone", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": "Sophocles", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": "Polynices", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": "giving her brother Polynices a proper burial", + "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": "She gives a stirring speech", + "5a664314c2b11c001a425ed9": "Antigone", + "5a664314c2b11c001a425eda": "Oedipus", + "5a664314c2b11c001a425edb": "Creon", + "5a664314c2b11c001a425edc": "to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial", + "5a664314c2b11c001a425edd": "obey her conscience", + "5727213c708984140094da35": "Percy Shelley", + "5727213c708984140094da36": "nonviolent", + "5727213c708984140094da37": "Henry David Thoreau", + "5727213c708984140094da38": "Satyagraha", + "5727213c708984140094da39": "campaign for a free India", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": "Percy Shelley", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": "unjust forms of authority", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": "nonviolent protest", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": "Henry David Thoreau", + "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": "Masque of Anarchy", + "5a664447c2b11c001a425eeb": "", + "5a664447c2b11c001a425eec": "", + "5a664447c2b11c001a425eed": "", + "5a664447c2b11c001a425eee": "", + "5a664447c2b11c001a425eef": "", + "572726c9708984140094da7b": "muggers, arsonists, draft evaders, campaign hecklers, campus militants, anti-war demonstrators, juvenile delinquents and political assassins", + "572726c9708984140094da7c": "become utterly debased", + "572726c9708984140094da7d": "debased", + "572726c9708984140094da7e": "Marshall Cohen", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": "become utterly debased", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": "Marshall Cohen", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": "become utterly debased", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": "Vice President Agnew", + "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": "taking aim at a federal official", + "5a664612c2b11c001a425f09": "", + "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0a": "", + "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0b": "", + "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0c": "", + "5a664612c2b11c001a425f0d": "", + "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": "LeGrande", + "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": "impossible", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": "lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": "semantical", + "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": "no more (or no less) meaning", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": "LeGrande", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": "voluminous", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": "semantical problems and grammatical niceties", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": "nonviolent", + "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": "violent", + "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f1d": "", + "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f1e": "", + "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f1f": "", + "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f20": "", + "5a6647d2c2b11c001a425f21": "", + "57280f974b864d1900164370": "it would not be civil disobedience", + "57280f974b864d1900164371": "private citizen", + "57280f974b864d1900164372": "relation to the state and its laws", + "57280f974b864d1900164373": "", + "57280f974b864d1900164374": "Civil disobedience", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": "a citizen's relation to the state and its laws", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": "refuse to enforce a decision of that country's highest court", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": "head of government", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": "citizen", + "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": "private citizen", + "5a665002846392001a1e1ab3": "two equally sovereign branches of government", + "5a665002846392001a1e1ab4": "", + "5a665002846392001a1e1ab5": "", + "5a665002846392001a1e1ab6": "", + "5a665002846392001a1e1ab7": "laws", + "572812e74b864d19001643ce": "Thoreau", + "572812e74b864d19001643cf": "imprisonment", + "572812e74b864d19001643d0": "elite politicians", + "572812e74b864d19001643d1": "Resign", + "572812e74b864d19001643d2": "elite politicians", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": "The individual", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": "individuals", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": "", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": "Resign", + "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": "government may express the will of the majority", + "5a665142846392001a1e1abd": "", + "5a665142846392001a1e1abe": "", + "5a665142846392001a1e1abf": "", + "5a665142846392001a1e1ac0": "", + "5a665142846392001a1e1ac1": "", + "5728151b4b864d1900164428": "governmental entities", + "5728151b4b864d1900164429": "", + "5728151b4b864d190016442a": "governmental entities", + "5728151b4b864d190016442b": "international organizations", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": "civil disobedience is only justified against governmental entities", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": "", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": "a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken", + "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": "governmental", + "5a665338846392001a1e1ac7": "Brownlee", + "5a665338846392001a1e1ac8": "", + "5a665338846392001a1e1ac9": "", + "5a665338846392001a1e1aca": "breaches of law", + "5a665338846392001a1e1acb": "", + "572818f54b864d190016446c": "", + "572818f54b864d190016446d": "covert lawbreaking", + "572818f54b864d190016446e": "hiding a Jew in their house", + "572818f54b864d190016446f": "Book of Exodus", + "572818f54b864d1900164470": "Shiphrah and Puah", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": "publicly announced", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": "rules that conflict with morality", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": "assisting in fabricating evidence or committing perjury", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": "Hitler's secret police demanded to know if they were hiding a Jew in their house", + "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": "Book of Exodus", + "5a665549846392001a1e1ad5": "", + "5a665549846392001a1e1ad6": "", + "5a665549846392001a1e1ad7": "", + "5a665549846392001a1e1ad8": "", + "5a665549846392001a1e1ad9": "", + "57281c594b864d19001644a2": "non-violent", + "57281c594b864d19001644a3": "Black's Law Dictionary", + "57281c594b864d19001644a4": "rebellion", + "57281c594b864d19001644a5": "tolerance", + "57281c594b864d19001644a6": "non-violent", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": "non-violence", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": "refusal to submit to arrest", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": "destructive", + "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": "to help preserve society's tolerance of civil disobedience", + "5a665747846392001a1e1ae9": "refraining from violence", + "5a665747846392001a1e1aea": "", + "5a665747846392001a1e1aeb": "carefully chosen and legitimate means", + "5a665747846392001a1e1aec": "", + "5a665747846392001a1e1aed": "much more destructive", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": "Revolutionary civil disobedience", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": "Hungarians", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": "Ferenc De\u00e1k", + "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": "Gandhi", + "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": "to exert pressure to get one's political wishes", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": "to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issue", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": "render certain laws ineffective", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": "Revolutionary", + "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": "Gandhi", + "5a665870846392001a1e1af3": "a government", + "5a665870846392001a1e1af4": "", + "5a665870846392001a1e1af5": "", + "5a665870846392001a1e1af6": "", + "5a665870846392001a1e1af7": "", + "572822233acd2414000df555": "during the Roman Empire", + "572822233acd2414000df556": "gathered in the streets", + "572822233acd2414000df557": "not covered in any newspapers", + "572822233acd2414000df558": "higher political office", + "572822233acd2414000df559": "after the end of the Mexican War", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": "during the Roman Empire", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": "prevent the installation of pagan images in the Temple in Jerusalem", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": "", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": "", + "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": "", + "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b0d": "", + "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b0e": "", + "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b0f": "", + "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b10": "", + "5a6659d3846392001a1e1b11": "", + "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": "illegal", + "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": "propaganda", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": "Voice in the Wilderness", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": "738 days", + "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": "preventing it from being cut down", + "5728e5224b864d1900165032": "harassment", + "5728e5224b864d1900165033": "trespassing at a nuclear-missile installation", + "5728e5224b864d1900165034": "a harassment", + "5728e5224b864d1900165035": "", + "5728e5224b864d1900165036": "Julia Butterfly Hill", + "5a665b56846392001a1e1b1d": "", + "5a665b56846392001a1e1b1e": "", + "5a665b56846392001a1e1b1f": "", + "5a665b56846392001a1e1b20": "Voice in the Wilderness", + "5a665b56846392001a1e1b21": "", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": "allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors stating, \"Wise up or die.\"", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": "\"Wise up or die.\"", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": "forbidden speech", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": "1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation", + "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": "1978", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": "pure speech", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": "criminalized behavior", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": "Threatening government officials", + "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": "Threatening government officials", + "5a666b43846392001a1e1c0f": "", + "5a666b43846392001a1e1c10": "", + "5a666b43846392001a1e1c11": "", + "5a666b43846392001a1e1c12": "", + "5a666b43846392001a1e1c13": "Threatening government officials", + "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": "a system to function", + "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": "padlocking the gates and using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": "padlocking the gates and using sickles to deflate one of the large domes covering two satellite dishes", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": "coercion", + "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": "coercive", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": "illegal boycotts", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": "make it more difficult for a system to function", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": "to engage in moral dialogue", + "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": "illegal boycotts", + "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf00": "", + "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf01": "", + "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf02": "padlocking the gates", + "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf03": "", + "5a6681d1f038b7001ab0bf04": "their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": "criminal", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": "", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": "ruder and more impetuous thought or speech", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": "lack of understanding of the legal ramifications, or due to a fear of seeming rude", + "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": "fear of seeming rude", + "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf1e": "", + "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf1f": "", + "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf20": "", + "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf21": "", + "5a6683d5f038b7001ab0bf22": "", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": "their belief in the validity of the social contract", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": "their belief in the validity of the social contract", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": "", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": "civil disobedients", + "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": "a violation of criminal law that does not infringe the rights of others", + "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf44": "", + "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf45": "", + "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf46": "legitimacy", + "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf47": "punishment", + "5a668632f038b7001ab0bf48": "", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": "whether or not to plead guilty", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": "to submit to the punishment prescribed by law", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": "it is a civil disobedient's duty to submit to the punishment prescribed by law", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": "Guilt implies wrong-doing", + "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": "", + "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf74": "", + "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf75": "", + "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf76": "", + "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf77": "will increase the possibility of changing the unjust law", + "5a66893ff038b7001ab0bf78": "the beauty that surrounds us\"; this is known as a \"creative plea,\" and will usually be interpreted as a plea of not guilty", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": "Camp Mercury nuclear test site", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": "protest", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": "immediately arrested", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": "\"nolo contendere", + "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": "suspended sentences", + "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf90": "", + "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf91": "", + "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf92": "13", + "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf93": "", + "5a668b33f038b7001ab0bf94": "", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": "as a way of continuing their protest, as a way of reminding their countrymen of injustice", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": "reminding their countrymen of injustice", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": "the spirit of protest", + "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": "", + "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc0": "", + "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc1": "the spirit of protest should be maintained all the way", + "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc2": "neo-conservative insistence on a guilty plea", + "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc3": "the spirit of protest", + "5a668d4ef038b7001ab0bfc4": "demean", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": "plea bargain", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": "no jail time", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": "solidarity tactics", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": "a plea bargain", + "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": "Mohandas Gandhi", + "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfdc": "plea bargain", + "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfdd": "", + "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfde": "", + "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfdf": "cheerfully", + "5a668ef8f038b7001ab0bfe0": "Mohandas Gandhi pleaded guilty and told the court", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": "", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": "avoid responsibility for her actions", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": "lack of remorse, an attempt to avoid responsibility for her actions", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": "an attempt to avoid responsibility for her actions", + "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": "", + "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bff8": "", + "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bff9": "", + "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bffa": "", + "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bffb": "", + "5a66938ff038b7001ab0bffc": "the ones who are violating the greater law", + "5728facd4b864d1900165170": "to win an acquittal and avoid imprisonment or a fine", + "5728facd4b864d1900165171": "", + "5728facd4b864d1900165172": "seek jury nullification", + "5728facd4b864d1900165173": "", + "5728facd4b864d1900165174": "", + "5a66978af038b7001ab0c028": "civil disobedience", + "5a66978af038b7001ab0c029": "reduced", + "5a66978af038b7001ab0c02a": "to win an acquittal and avoid imprisonment or a fine", + "5a66978af038b7001ab0c02b": "not guilty", + "5a66978af038b7001ab0c02c": "", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": "punishment", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": "neither conscientious nor of social benefit", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": "if a person violates a law", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": "", + "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": "by denying having committed the crime", + "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c068": "", + "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c069": "", + "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c06a": "", + "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c06b": "", + "5a669ee5f038b7001ab0c06c": "", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": "Indirect civil disobedience", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": "civil disobedience", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": "Vietnam War", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": "The necessity defense", + "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": "", + "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c072": "violating a law", + "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c073": "breaking that law", + "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c074": "Fully Informed Jury Association activists", + "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c075": "", + "5a66a156f038b7001ab0c076": "the leaflets will have to be given to the leafleter's own jury as evidence", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": "achieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrence", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": "", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": "", + "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": "utilitarian grounds", + "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07c": "", + "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07d": "", + "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07e": "", + "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c07f": "", + "5a66a55af038b7001ab0c080": "", + "57273a465951b619008f86ff": "Construction", + "57273a465951b619008f8700": "manufacturing", + "57273a465951b619008f8701": "six to nine percent", + "57273a465951b619008f8702": "planning,[citation needed] design, and financing", + "57273a465951b619008f8703": "a known client", + "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76a": "", + "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76b": "", + "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76c": "", + "5a234eef82b03a001a4aa76d": "planning,[citation needed] design, and financing", + "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c0e": "", + "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c0f": "", + "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c10": "", + "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c11": "", + "5a25a709ef59cd001a623c12": "", + "57273cca708984140094db33": "An architect", + "57273cca708984140094db34": "a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager", + "57273cca708984140094db35": "effective planning", + "57273cca708984140094db36": "megaprojects", + "57273cca708984140094db37": "Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question", + "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa773": "", + "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa774": "", + "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa775": "megaprojects", + "5a2350d582b03a001a4aa776": "", + "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c20": "", + "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c21": "An architect", + "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c22": "", + "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c23": "", + "5a25a8e9ef59cd001a623c24": "", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": "buildings, infrastructure and industrial", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": "residential and non-residential", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": "heavy/highway", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": "Infrastructure", + "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": "Industrial", + "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77b": "", + "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77c": "", + "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77d": "Infrastructure", + "5a2352f782b03a001a4aa77e": "Industrial", + "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c32": "", + "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c33": "", + "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c34": "", + "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c35": "", + "5a25ab1bef59cd001a623c36": "commercial/institutional", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "a trade magazine for the construction industry", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "ENR", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": "2014", + "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": "transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water", + "5a23548782b03a001a4aa783": "", + "5a23548782b03a001a4aa784": "Engineering News-Record (ENR)", + "5a23548782b03a001a4aa785": "", + "5a23548782b03a001a4aa786": "", + "5a23548782b03a001a4aa787": "", + "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c44": "", + "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c45": "", + "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c46": "", + "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c47": "", + "5a25ade0ef59cd001a623c48": "2014", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": "building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": "construction service firms", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": "Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System", + "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": "firms engaged in managing construction projects without assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project", + "5a23565482b03a001a4aa78d": "building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors", + "5a23565482b03a001a4aa78e": "", + "5a23565482b03a001a4aa78f": "", + "5a23565482b03a001a4aa790": "", + "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c4e": "", + "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c4f": "", + "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c50": "building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors", + "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c51": "assuming direct financial responsibility for completion of the construction project", + "5a25b230ef59cd001a623c52": "", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": "Building construction", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": "small renovations", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": "the owner of the property", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": "structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation", + "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": "make detailed plans and maintain careful oversight", + "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa795": "", + "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa796": "structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation", + "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa797": "", + "5a2358cc82b03a001a4aa798": "", + "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c76": "", + "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c77": "", + "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c78": "", + "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c79": "", + "5a25b668ef59cd001a623c7a": "", + "572742bd5951b619008f8785": "local building authority regulations and codes of practice", + "572742bd5951b619008f8786": "Materials readily available in the area", + "572742bd5951b619008f8787": "waste", + "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "Cost of construction", + "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb2": "", + "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb3": "", + "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb4": "", + "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb5": "", + "5a25bb0bef59cd001a623cb6": "", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": "3D printing technology", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": "around 20 hours", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": "2014", + "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": "2 metres", + "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc4": "", + "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc5": "", + "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc6": "", + "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc7": "", + "5a25bd5cef59cd001a623cc8": "", + "572745c6708984140094db99": "designs into reality", + "572745c6708984140094db9a": "to plan the physical proceedings", + "572745c6708984140094db9b": "the property owner", + "572745c6708984140094db9c": "quantity surveyor", + "572745c6708984140094db9d": "the most cost efficient bidder", + "5a25c087ef59cd001a623cce": "", + "5a25c087ef59cd001a623ccf": "construction management companies", + "5a25c087ef59cd001a623cd1": "", + "5a25c087ef59cd001a623cd2": "", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": "previously separated specialties", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": "entirely separate companies", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": "one-stop shopping\"", + "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": "design build\"", + "5a25c41def59cd001a623cd8": "", + "5a25c41def59cd001a623cd9": "experts from all related fields", + "5a25c41def59cd001a623cda": "", + "5a25c41def59cd001a623cdb": "", + "5a25c41def59cd001a623cdc": "", + "57274e975951b619008f87f9": "design-build, partnering and construction management", + "57274e975951b619008f87fa": "architects, interior designers, engineers and constructors", + "57274e975951b619008f87fb": "establishing relationships with other necessary participants through the design-build process", + "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce2": "establishing relationships with other necessary participants", + "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce3": "project structures", + "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce4": "architects, interior designers, engineers and constructors", + "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce5": "", + "5a25d23bef59cd001a623ce6": "", + "57274f67708984140094dbf5": "preventable financial problems", + "57274f67708984140094dbf6": "builders ask for too little money to complete the project", + "57274f67708984140094dbf7": "when the present amount of funding cannot cover the current costs for labour and materials", + "57274f67708984140094dbf8": "Fraud", + "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cec": "", + "5a25d529ef59cd001a623ced": "", + "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cee": "", + "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cef": "", + "5a25d529ef59cd001a623cf0": "", + "5727502f708984140094dc07": "Mortgage bankers, accountants, and cost engineers", + "5727502f708984140094dc08": "the mortgage banker", + "5727502f708984140094dc09": "Accountants", + "5727502f708984140094dc0a": "Cost engineers and estimators", + "5727502f708984140094dc0b": "identified change orders or project changes that increased costs", + "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf6": "", + "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf7": "", + "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf8": "", + "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cf9": "", + "5a25d89aef59cd001a623cfa": "owner's equity in the property", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": "zoning and building code requirements", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": "the owner", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": "the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": "things that are a matter of custom or expectation", + "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": "An attorney", + "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d00": "", + "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d01": "the owner", + "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d02": "", + "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d03": "", + "5a25e0a9ef59cd001a623d04": "", + "572751b4708984140094dc1b": "A construction project", + "572751b4708984140094dc1c": "A contract", + "572751b4708984140094dc1d": "a delay costs money", + "572751b4708984140094dc1e": "that each side is capable of performing the obligations set out", + "572751b4708984140094dc1f": "poorly drafted contracts", + "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0a": "", + "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0b": "delay", + "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0c": "", + "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0d": "clear expectations", + "5a25e4a2ef59cd001a623d0e": "confusion and collapse", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": "relationship contracting", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": "Public-Private Partnering", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": "private finance initiatives", + "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": "co-operation", + "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d14": "", + "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d15": "", + "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d16": "", + "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d17": "", + "5a25e8d5ef59cd001a623d18": "relationship contracting", + "572753335951b619008f8853": "architect or engineer", + "572753335951b619008f8854": "the architect or engineer", + "572753335951b619008f8855": "the architect's client and the main contractor", + "572753335951b619008f8856": "the main contractor", + "572753335951b619008f8857": "the building is ready to occupy", + "5a25eae4c93d92001a40033d": "", + "5a25eae4c93d92001a40033e": "", + "5a25eae4c93d92001a40033f": "", + "5a25eae4c93d92001a400340": "", + "5a25eae4c93d92001a400341": "direct contractual relationship", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": "The owner", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": "D&B contractors", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": "The owner", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": "a consortium of several contractors", + "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": "they design phase 2", + "5a25eed2c93d92001a400347": "", + "5a25eed2c93d92001a400348": "a list of requirements for a project", + "5a25eed2c93d92001a400349": "building the first phase of the project", + "5a25eed2c93d92001a40034a": "a consortium of several contractors working together", + "5a25eed2c93d92001a40034b": "", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": "contractors", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": "damage to the existing electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": "electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": "municipal building inspector", + "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": "an occupancy permit", + "5a25f133c93d92001a400351": "", + "5a25f133c93d92001a400352": "", + "5a25f133c93d92001a400353": "electrical, water, sewage, phone, and cable facilities", + "5a25f133c93d92001a400354": "", + "5a25f133c93d92001a400355": "", + "572755b7708984140094dc4d": "$960 billion", + "572755b7708984140094dc4e": "$680 billion", + "572755b7708984140094dc4f": "667,000", + "572755b7708984140094dc50": "fewer than 10", + "572755b7708984140094dc51": "828,000", + "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035b": "", + "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035c": "", + "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035d": "", + "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035e": "", + "5a25f38dc93d92001a40035f": "", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": "\u00a342,090", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": "\u00a326,719", + "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": "US/Canada", + "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400365": "\u00a342,090", + "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400366": "", + "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400367": "\u00a343,389", + "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400368": "higher average salaries", + "5a25f6a3c93d92001a400369": "more affluent roles are available", + "572756fe708984140094dc71": "Construction", + "572756fe708984140094dc72": "Falls", + "572756fe708984140094dc73": "electrocution, transportation accidents, and trench cave-ins", + "572756fe708984140094dc74": "Proper safety equipment", + "5a25fa34c93d92001a40036f": "", + "5a25fa34c93d92001a400370": "", + "5a25fa34c93d92001a400371": "Proper safety equipment", + "5a25fa34c93d92001a400372": "securing ladders and inspecting scaffolding", + "5a25fa34c93d92001a400373": "electrocution, transportation accidents, and trench cave-ins", + "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": "independent schools", + "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": "academic", + "572746addd62a815002e9a60": "charging their students tuition", + "572746addd62a815002e9a61": "to select their students", + "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27a": "", + "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27b": "public (government)", + "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27c": "", + "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27d": "", + "5a6787d4f038b7001ab0c27e": "", + "57274712708984140094dbad": "more than $45,000", + "57274712708984140094dbae": "'tuition-free' schools", + "57274712708984140094dbaf": "Australia", + "57274712708984140094dbb0": "", + "5a678908f038b7001ab0c296": "", + "5a678908f038b7001ab0c297": "", + "5a678908f038b7001ab0c298": "", + "5a678908f038b7001ab0c299": "'tuition-free' schools", + "5a678908f038b7001ab0c29a": "", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": "lower sixth", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "upper sixth", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "prep schools", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": "peer tuitions", + "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": "the best teachers", + "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a0": "", + "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a1": "", + "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a3": "", + "5a678aa6f038b7001ab0c2a4": "", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": "Roman Catholic", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": "Orthodox", + "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": "academic subjects", + "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2ba": "denominational", + "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2bc": "", + "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2bd": "", + "5a678dcef038b7001ab0c2be": "", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": "power of expulsion", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": "a compulsory blazer", + "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": "more expensive", + "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c4": "", + "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c5": "", + "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c6": "", + "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c7": "", + "5a678f35f038b7001ab0c2c8": "", + "57274971708984140094dbbb": "Presbyterian Church", + "57274971708984140094dbbc": "Catholic", + "57274971708984140094dbbd": "Sydney", + "57274971708984140094dbbe": "girls", + "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2ce": "", + "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2cf": "", + "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2d0": "Campbelltown", + "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2d1": "Anglican Church, Uniting Church and Presbyterian Church", + "5a6790dbf038b7001ab0c2d2": "", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": "Article 7, Paragraph 4", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": "a second Gleichschaltung", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": "", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": "11.1%", + "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": "", + "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ea": "", + "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2eb": "", + "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ec": "to protect these schools from a second Gleichschaltung or similar event in the future", + "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ed": "", + "5a6792f1f038b7001ab0c2ee": "", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": "Sonderungsverbot", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": "Ersatzschulen", + "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": "very low", + "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c306": "", + "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c307": "segregation of pupils according to the means of their parents", + "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c308": "", + "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c309": "", + "5a67978ef038b7001ab0c30a": "low", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": "Erg\u00e4nzungsschulen", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": "vocational schools", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": "by charging their students tuition fees", + "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": "religious groups", + "5a67986af038b7001ab0c310": "", + "5a67986af038b7001ab0c311": "the German dual education system", + "5a67986af038b7001ab0c312": "", + "5a67986af038b7001ab0c313": "", + "5a67986af038b7001ab0c314": "", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": "independent schools", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": "CBSE", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": "30", + "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": "union government", + "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31a": "", + "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31b": "", + "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31c": "", + "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31d": "", + "5a6799adf038b7001ab0c31e": "school leaving certificates", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": "societies", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": "India", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": "Status of Education Report", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": "evaluates learning levels in rural India", + "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": "English", + "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c344": "non-profit trusts and societies", + "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c345": "", + "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c346": "poorer academic achievement", + "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c347": "poorer academic achievement in government schools than in private schools", + "5a679cc7f038b7001ab0c348": "corruption", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": "scoil phr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": "a certain number of teacher's salaries are paid by the State", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": "\u20ac5,000", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": "Society of Jesus", + "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": "\u20ac25,000 per year", + "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c34e": "", + "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c34f": "relatively low", + "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c350": "relatively low", + "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c351": "", + "5a679db8f038b7001ab0c352": "", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": "1957", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": "Chinese", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": "English", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": "\"National Type\" schools", + "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": "Over 60", + "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c364": "", + "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c365": "", + "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c366": "", + "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c367": "", + "5a679f83f038b7001ab0c368": "", + "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "aided' schools", + "57274e145951b619008f87e8": "fully funded by private parties", + "57274e145951b619008f87e9": "Kathmandu", + "57274e145951b619008f87ea": "English", + "57274e145951b619008f87eb": "Nepali", + "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c388": "middle-class", + "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c389": "middle-class", + "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c38a": "neighbourhood nursery schools", + "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c38b": "", + "5a67a1e3f038b7001ab0c38c": "", + "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": "88", + "57274eca5951b619008f8800": "28,000", + "57274eca5951b619008f8801": "3.7%", + "57274eca5951b619008f8802": "Catholic", + "57274eca5951b619008f8803": "Auckland", + "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a2": "", + "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a3": "", + "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a4": "", + "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a5": "", + "5a67a2c7f038b7001ab0c3a6": "", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": "Anglican", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": "Wellington", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": "Presbyterian", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": "Christchurch", + "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": "Society of St Pius X", + "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c4": "as a business", + "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c5": "", + "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c6": "Society of St Pius X", + "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c7": "Presbyterian", + "5a67a492f038b7001ab0c3c8": "", + "5727500f708984140094dbfd": "7.5%", + "5727500f708984140094dbfe": "32%", + "5727500f708984140094dbff": "80%", + "5727500f708984140094dc00": "August 1992", + "5727500f708984140094dc01": "natural science", + "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3dc": "7.5%", + "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3de": "Per unit costs", + "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3df": "", + "5a67a5d9f038b7001ab0c3e0": "", + "572750df5951b619008f882f": "Education Service Contracting scheme", + "572750df5951b619008f8830": "Tuition Fee Supplement", + "572750df5951b619008f8831": "Financial Assistance", + "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f4": "", + "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f5": "pursue college/technical education in private colleges and universities.", + "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f6": "pursue college/technical education", + "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f7": "Education Service Contracting scheme", + "5a67a898f038b7001ab0c3f8": "", + "5727515f708984140094dc11": "South African Schools Act of 1996", + "5727515f708984140094dc12": "1996", + "5727515f708984140094dc13": "independent", + "5727515f708984140094dc14": "traditional private schools", + "5727515f708984140094dc15": "nineteenth", + "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c3fe": "", + "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c3ff": "", + "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c400": "", + "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c401": "", + "5a67aa48f038b7001ab0c402": "", + "57275409708984140094dc35": "government schools formerly reserved for white children", + "57275409708984140094dc36": "better", + "57275409708984140094dc37": "much higher", + "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43a": "Model C", + "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43b": "", + "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43c": "", + "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43d": "", + "5a67b759f038b7001ab0c43e": "", + "572754dd708984140094dc3b": "10%", + "572754dd708984140094dc3c": "10,000", + "572754dd708984140094dc3d": "700", + "572754dd708984140094dc3e": "The Knowledge School", + "572754dd708984140094dc3f": "school voucher model", + "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c444": "", + "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c445": "", + "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c446": "", + "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c447": "The Swedish system", + "5a67b94bf038b7001ab0c448": "", + "572756265951b619008f886d": "13", + "572756265951b619008f886e": "public schools", + "572756265951b619008f886f": "9 per cent", + "572756265951b619008f8870": "13", + "572756265951b619008f8871": "\u00a327,000+", + "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48a": "", + "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48b": "", + "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48c": "A-level", + "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48d": "independent schools are single-sex", + "5a67d87ef038b7001ab0c48e": "\u00a327,000+ per year", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": "segregation academies", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": "South", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": "white", + "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": "African-American", + "5a67dae18476ee001a58a738": "", + "5a67dae18476ee001a58a739": "", + "5a67dae18476ee001a58a73a": "", + "5a67dae18476ee001a58a73b": "", + "5a67dae18476ee001a58a73c": "African-American", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": "religious organizations or private individuals", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": "First Amendment", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": "Blaine Amendments", + "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": "charter", + "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74c": "", + "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74d": "", + "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74e": "", + "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a74f": "", + "5a67dedd8476ee001a58a750": "", + "572759665951b619008f8883": "Massachusetts", + "572759665951b619008f8884": "1852", + "572759665951b619008f8885": "1972", + "572759665951b619008f8886": "268 U.S. 510", + "572759665951b619008f8887": "", + "5a67e29c8476ee001a58a756": "", + "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a757": "Massachusetts", + "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a758": "states may set standards for educational accomplishment", + "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a759": "", + "5a67e29d8476ee001a58a75a": "", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": "$40,000", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": "", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": "Groton School", + "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": "fundraising drives", + "5a67e5278476ee001a58a760": "close to $40,000 annually", + "5a67e5278476ee001a58a761": "throughout the country, indeed the globe", + "5a67e5278476ee001a58a762": "", + "5a67e5278476ee001a58a763": "", + "5a67e5278476ee001a58a764": "", + "5727aa413acd2414000de921": "John Harvard", + "5727aa413acd2414000de922": "1977", + "5727aa413acd2414000de923": "James Bryant Conant", + "5727aa413acd2414000de924": "Association of American Universities", + "5727aa413acd2414000de925": "Charles W. Eliot", + "5a81ee4b31013a001a334f9d": "", + "5a81ee4b31013a001a334f9e": "", + "5a81ee4b31013a001a334f9f": "18th century", + "5a81ee4b31013a001a334fa0": "", + "5a81ee4b31013a001a334fa1": "Charles W. Eliot", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": "Harvard Library", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "79", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": "over 18 million", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": "eight", + "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": "150", + "5a81f28431013a001a334fb1": "", + "5a81f28431013a001a334fb2": "", + "5a81f28431013a001a334fb3": "", + "5a81f28431013a001a334fb4": "", + "5a81f28431013a001a334fb5": "62", + "5727aec03acd2414000de991": "Boston", + "5727aec03acd2414000de992": "$37.6 billion", + "5727aec03acd2414000de993": "Charles River", + "5727aec03acd2414000de994": "eleven", + "5727aec03acd2414000de995": "Harvard Yard", + "5a81f0f031013a001a334fa7": "", + "5a81f0f031013a001a334fa8": "eleven", + "5a81f0f031013a001a334fa9": "", + "5a81f0f031013a001a334faa": "", + "5a81f0f031013a001a334fab": "", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": "1636", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": "the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": "1638", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": "1639", + "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": "1650", + "5a81f84e31013a001a335007": "", + "5a81f84e31013a001a335008": "", + "5a81f84e31013a001a335009": "", + "5a81f84e31013a001a33500a": "", + "5a81f84e31013a001a33500b": "", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": "Puritan", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": "English university model", + "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": "It was never affiliated with any particular denomination", + "5a82001531013a001a3350a1": "Puritan ministers", + "5a82001531013a001a3350a2": "", + "5a82001531013a001a3350a3": "to advance learning and perpetuate it to posterity", + "5a82001531013a001a3350a4": "clergymen", + "5a82001531013a001a3350a5": "", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": "1804", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": "Samuel Webber", + "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": "1805", + "5a82025a31013a001a3350b5": "", + "5a82025a31013a001a3350b6": "", + "5a82025a31013a001a3350b7": "", + "5a82025a31013a001a3350b8": "", + "5a82025a31013a001a3350b9": "Calvinist", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": "Louis Agassiz", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": "intuition", + "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": "Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart", + "5a8203d431013a001a3350bf": "", + "5a8203d431013a001a3350c0": "", + "5a8203d431013a001a3350c1": "", + "5a8203d431013a001a3350c2": "a person can grasp the \"divine plan\"", + "5a8203d431013a001a3350c3": "", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": "Charles W. Eliot", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": "", + "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": "William Ellery Channing and Ralph Waldo Emerson", + "5a8205d131013a001a3350f7": "", + "5a8205d131013a001a3350f8": "", + "5a8205d131013a001a3350f9": "", + "5a8205d131013a001a3350fa": "", + "5a8205d131013a001a3350fb": "the favored position", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": "devised programs to identify, recruit, and support talented youth", + "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": "1945", + "5a82079731013a001a33511d": "", + "5a82079731013a001a33511e": "", + "5a82079731013a001a33511f": "", + "5a82079731013a001a335120": "", + "5a82079731013a001a335121": "", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": "four", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": "1977", + "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": "steadily increased", + "5a8209f831013a001a335131": "", + "5a8209f831013a001a335132": "", + "5a8209f831013a001a335133": "", + "5a8209f831013a001a335134": "", + "5a8209f831013a001a335135": "", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": "3 miles (5 km)", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": "", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": "Charles River", + "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": "half a mile", + "5a820c4931013a001a335145": "209", + "5a820c4931013a001a335146": "Yale", + "5a820c4931013a001a335147": "", + "5a820c4931013a001a335148": "", + "5a820c4931013a001a335149": "", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": "Allston", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": "John W. Weeks Bridge", + "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": "Longwood Medical and Academic Area", + "5a820ebf31013a001a33516b": "The John W. Weeks Bridge", + "5a820ebf31013a001a33516c": "", + "5a820ebf31013a001a33516d": "", + "5a820ebf31013a001a33516e": "145 ha)", + "5a820ebf31013a001a33516f": "Harvard", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": "fifty percent", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": "new and enlarged bridges, a shuttle service and/or a tram", + "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": "enhanced transit infrastructure, possible shuttles open to the public, and park space which will also be publicly accessible", + "5a8221dc31013a001a33522f": "", + "5a8221dc31013a001a335230": "", + "5a8221dc31013a001a335231": "fifty percent more", + "5a8221dc31013a001a335232": "not only the school, but surrounding community", + "5a8221dc31013a001a335233": "transit", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": "2,400", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": "7,200", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": "14,000", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": "", + "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": "1858", + "5a82237d31013a001a335243": "", + "5a82237d31013a001a335244": "", + "5a82237d31013a001a335245": "", + "5a82237d31013a001a335246": "", + "5a82237d31013a001a335247": "", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": "$32 billion", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": "30%", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": "Allston Science Complex", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": "$4.093 million", + "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": "$159 million", + "5a8224ea31013a001a33524d": "", + "5a8224ea31013a001a33524e": "", + "5a8224ea31013a001a33524f": "", + "5a8224ea31013a001a335250": "", + "5a8224ea31013a001a335251": "", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": "late 1980s", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": "Duke Kent-Brown", + "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": "$230 million", + "5a8225de31013a001a335261": "", + "5a8225de31013a001a335262": "", + "5a8225de31013a001a335263": "", + "5a8225de31013a001a335264": "", + "5a8225de31013a001a335265": "", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": "5.3%", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": "2007", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": "the program was believed to disadvantage low-income and under-represented minority applicants applying to selective universities", + "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": "2016", + "5a82294a31013a001a335271": "", + "5a82294a31013a001a335272": "", + "5a82294a31013a001a335273": "", + "5a82294a31013a001a335274": "", + "5a82294a31013a001a335275": "", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": "", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": "eight", + "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": "its reliance on teaching fellows", + "5a822bc531013a001a335281": "", + "5a822bc531013a001a335282": "", + "5a822bc531013a001a335283": "", + "5a822bc531013a001a335284": "", + "5a822bc531013a001a335285": "", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": "semester", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": "four-course rate average", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": "degrees summa cum laude", + "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": "60%", + "5a822dc931013a001a335295": "", + "5a822dc931013a001a335296": "", + "5a822dc931013a001a335297": "", + "5a822dc931013a001a335298": "", + "5a822dc931013a001a335299": "", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": "$38,000", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": "$57,000", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": "", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": "$414 million", + "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": "88%", + "5a82325231013a001a3352b9": "", + "5a82325231013a001a3352ba": "", + "5a82325231013a001a3352bb": "", + "5a82325231013a001a3352bc": "", + "5a82325231013a001a3352bd": "", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": "Widener Library", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": "18 million", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": "", + "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": "Pusey Library", + "5a8235a931013a001a3352d7": "", + "5a8235a931013a001a3352d8": "", + "5a8235a931013a001a3352d9": "", + "5a8235a931013a001a3352da": "", + "5a8235a931013a001a3352db": "", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": "three", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": "Western art from the Middle Ages to the present", + "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": "Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology", + "5a82370631013a001a3352e1": "", + "5a82370631013a001a3352e2": "", + "5a82370631013a001a3352e3": "", + "5a82370631013a001a3352e4": "19th-century", + "5a82370631013a001a3352e5": "", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": "2003", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": "2011", + "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": "Harvard is the second most commonly named \"dream college\", both for students and parents in 2013", + "5a8238f531013a001a3352f5": "2003", + "5a8238f531013a001a3352f6": "", + "5a8238f531013a001a3352f7": "", + "5a8238f531013a001a3352f8": "", + "5a8238f531013a001a3352f9": "", + "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": "42", + "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": "Yale University", + "5727da564b864d1900163e90": "every two years", + "5a823a7731013a001a335309": "", + "5a823a7731013a001a33530a": "", + "5a823a7731013a001a33530b": "", + "5a823a7731013a001a33530c": "", + "5a823a7731013a001a33530d": "", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": "1875", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": "1903", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": "1906", + "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": "Yale", + "5a823e6f31013a001a33532d": "", + "5a823e6f31013a001a33532e": "", + "5a823e6f31013a001a33532f": "", + "5a823e6f31013a001a335330": "", + "5a823e6f31013a001a335331": "", + "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": "Lavietes Pavilion", + "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": "The Malkin Athletic Center", + "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": "three", + "5a8241e631013a001a335361": "", + "5a8241e631013a001a335362": "", + "5a8241e631013a001a335363": "five", + "5a8241e631013a001a335364": "two", + "5a8241e631013a001a335365": "Olympic-size", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": "23", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": "Thames River", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": "Cornell", + "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": "2003", + "5a82432131013a001a33536b": "", + "5a82432131013a001a33536c": "", + "5a82432131013a001a33536d": "", + "5a82432131013a001a33536e": "", + "5a82432131013a001a33536f": "", + "5727de862ca10214002d9860": "Ban Ki-moon", + "5727de862ca10214002d9861": "", + "5727de862ca10214002d9862": "Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Figueres", + "5727de862ca10214002d9863": "", + "5a82458131013a001a335387": "", + "5a82458131013a001a335388": "U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon", + "5a82458131013a001a335389": "", + "5a82458131013a001a33538a": "", + "5a82458131013a001a33538b": "", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": "Conan O'Brien", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": "Leonard Bernstein", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": "Yo Yo Ma", + "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": "W. E. B. Du Bois", + "5a8251c231013a001a3353ef": "", + "5a8251c231013a001a3353f0": "Matt Damon", + "5a8251c231013a001a3353f1": "Jeremy Lin", + "5a8251c231013a001a3353f2": "Matt Damon", + "5a8251c231013a001a3353f3": "", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": "Shing-Tung Yau", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": "Alan Dershowitz and Lawrence Lessig", + "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": "Stephen Greenblatt", + "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1cf": "", + "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d0": "Elias Corey", + "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d1": "", + "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d2": "", + "5a8257efe60761001a2eb1d3": "Robert Putnam", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": "Jacksonville", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": "1,345,596", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": "12th", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": "Duval County", + "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": "1968", + "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fa": "", + "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fb": "Duval County", + "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fc": "1968", + "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fd": "Jacksonville", + "5a1c539bb4fb5d00187145fe": "Jacksonville", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": "St. Johns River", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": "340 miles", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": "Fort Caroline", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": "Timucua", + "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": "Andrew Jackson", + "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714605": "", + "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714606": "", + "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714607": "", + "5a1c55b4b4fb5d0018714608": "", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": "third largest", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": "golf", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": "two", + "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "Jacksonvillians\" or \"Jaxsons\"", + "5a1c60f0b4fb5d001871460e": "", + "5a1c60f0b4fb5d001871460f": "two", + "5a1c60f0b4fb5d0018714610": "Jacksonvillians\" or \"Jaxsons\"", + "5a1c60f0b4fb5d0018714611": "Port of Jacksonville", + "5a1c60f0b4fb5d0018714612": "", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": "thousands", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": "University of North Florida team", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": "Saturiwa", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": "the historical era", + "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": "Ossachite", + "5a1c6968b4fb5d0018714618": "", + "5a1c6968b4fb5d0018714619": "", + "5a1c6968b4fb5d001871461a": "", + "5a1c6968b4fb5d001871461b": "", + "5a1c6968b4fb5d001871461c": "", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": "Jean Ribault", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": "France", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": "Pedro Men\u00e9ndez de Avil\u00e9s", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": "fort San Mateo", + "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": "Fort Caroline", + "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714622": "", + "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714623": "", + "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714624": "", + "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714625": "", + "5a1c6d30b4fb5d0018714626": "", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": "French and Indian War", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": "constructed the King's Road", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": "cattle were brought across the river there", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": "Britain", + "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": "February 9, 1832", + "5a1c8092b4fb5d001871462d": "", + "5a1c8092b4fb5d001871462e": "", + "5a1c8092b4fb5d0018714630": "", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": "Confederate", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": "Skirmish of the Brick Church", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": "Battle of Olustee", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": "Warfare and the long occupation", + "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": "1864", + "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714636": "", + "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714637": "", + "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714638": "Battle of Olustee", + "5a1c836ab4fb5d0018714639": "Skirmish of the Brick Church", + "5a1c836ab4fb5d001871463a": "", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": "Reconstruction and the Gilded Age", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": "Grover Cleveland", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": "yellow fever outbreaks", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": "extension of the Florida East Coast Railway", + "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": "railroad", + "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464a": "", + "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464b": "", + "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464c": "", + "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464d": "", + "5a1c850fb4fb5d001871464e": "Florida East Coast Railway", + "5728170d3acd2414000df443": "Spanish moss", + "5728170d3acd2414000df444": "over 2,000", + "5728170d3acd2414000df445": "declare martial law", + "5728170d3acd2414000df446": "\"Great Fire of 1901", + "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714654": "", + "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714655": "May 3, 1901", + "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714656": "", + "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714657": "Great Fire of 1901", + "5a1c861fb4fb5d0018714658": "Henry John Klutho", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": "New York\u2013based filmmakers", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": "silent", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": "Winter Film Capital of the World", + "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": "the emergence of Hollywood as a major film production center", + "5a1c8753b4fb5d0018714668": "", + "5a1c8753b4fb5d0018714669": "Hollywood", + "5a1c8753b4fb5d001871466a": "", + "5a1c8753b4fb5d001871466b": "", + "57281ab63acd2414000df493": "", + "57281ab63acd2414000df494": "55.1%", + "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "white flight", + "57281ab63acd2414000df496": "Mayor W. Haydon Burns", + "57281ab63acd2414000df497": "World War II", + "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714670": "", + "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714671": "", + "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714672": "", + "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714673": "", + "5a1c883cb4fb5d0018714674": "\"white flight\"", + "57281bb84b864d190016449a": "Much of the city's tax base dissipated", + "57281bb84b864d190016449b": "unincorporated suburbs", + "57281bb84b864d190016449c": "annexing outlying communities", + "57281bb84b864d190016449d": "Voters outside the city limits", + "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467a": "", + "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467b": "", + "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467c": "", + "5a1c88d2b4fb5d001871467d": "", + "57281d494b864d19001644be": "old boy network", + "57281d494b864d19001644bf": "11", + "57281d494b864d19001644c0": "Jacksonville Consolidation", + "57281d494b864d19001644c1": "all 15 of Duval County's public high schools lost their accreditation", + "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714682": "old boy network", + "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714683": "11", + "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714684": "", + "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714685": "", + "5a1c8971b4fb5d0018714686": "", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": "voters approved the plan", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": "Hans Tanzler", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": "Bold New City of the South", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": "half-penny sales tax", + "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": "a half-penny sales tax", + "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714696": "", + "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714697": "", + "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714698": "", + "5a1c8a1eb4fb5d0018714699": "Bold New City of the South", + "572820512ca10214002d9e72": "874.3 square miles", + "572820512ca10214002d9e73": "St. Johns River", + "572820512ca10214002d9e74": "Trout River", + "572820512ca10214002d9e75": "13.34%", + "572820512ca10214002d9e76": "Baldwin", + "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a0": "", + "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a1": "Trout River", + "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a2": "", + "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a3": "", + "5a1c8aedb4fb5d00187146a4": "Baldwin", + "572821274b864d1900164510": "The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville's skyline", + "572821274b864d1900164511": "Barnett Center", + "572821274b864d1900164512": "617 ft", + "572821274b864d1900164513": "28", + "572821274b864d1900164514": "its distinctive flared base", + "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146aa": "", + "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146ac": "", + "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146ad": "", + "5a1c8bb4b4fb5d00187146ae": "42", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": "humid subtropical climate", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": "May through September", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": "mild", + "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": "low latitude", + "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b4": "", + "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b5": "", + "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b6": "", + "5a1c8c34b4fb5d00187146b7": "Jacksonville's low latitude and coastal location", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": "104 \u00b0F", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": "thunderstorms", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": "extremely high humidity", + "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": "July", + "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146bc": "104 \u00b0F", + "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146bd": "", + "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146be": "", + "5a1c8d0bb4fb5d00187146bf": "", + "572824f13acd2414000df58f": "Hurricane Dora", + "572824f13acd2414000df590": "110 mph", + "572824f13acd2414000df591": "Beryl", + "572824f13acd2414000df592": "Saffir-Simpson", + "572824f13acd2414000df593": "2008", + "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c4": "", + "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c5": "", + "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c6": "Hurricane Dora", + "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c7": "", + "5a1c8e0bb4fb5d00187146c8": "", + "572826634b864d19001645be": "Arab", + "572826634b864d19001645bf": "821,784", + "572826634b864d19001645c0": "largest Filipino American community", + "572826634b864d19001645c1": "Filipino community", + "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146ce": "", + "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146cf": "", + "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146d0": "", + "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146d1": "", + "5a1c8ea7b4fb5d00187146d2": "", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": "29.7%", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": "23.9%", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": "females", + "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": "", + "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146d8": "2010", + "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146d9": "10.9%", + "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146da": "", + "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146db": "", + "5a1c8f54b4fb5d00187146dc": "43.8%", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": "40%", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": "3.5 billion", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": "$759,900", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": "the methodology used", + "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": "methodology used", + "5729d36b1d04691400779607": "40%", + "5729d36b1d04691400779608": "financial assets", + "5729d36b1d04691400779609": "nearly $41 trillion", + "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": "more than half", + "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": "greater tendency to take on debts", + "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a4": "", + "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a5": "", + "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a6": "", + "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a7": "", + "5ad242e5d7d075001a4289a8": "", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": "the top 400", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": "the New York Times", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": "Inherited wealth may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a \"substantial head start\"", + "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": "substantial privilege", + "5729d44b1d04691400779611": "wealth", + "5729d44b1d04691400779612": "the \"richest 1 percent", + "5729d44b1d04691400779613": "Inherited wealth", + "5729d44b1d04691400779614": "over 60 percent", + "5729d44b1d04691400779615": "Institute for Policy Studies", + "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d6": "the top 400", + "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d7": "the New York Times", + "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d8": "", + "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289d9": "", + "5ad2434fd7d075001a4289da": "", + "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "", + "5727e9523acd2414000def96": "productivity gap", + "5727e9523acd2414000def97": "", + "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "inequality", + "5727e9523acd2414000def99": "productivity gap", + "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": "differences in value added by labor, capital and land", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "value added by different classifications of workers", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": "wages and profits", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "worker, capitalist/business owner, landlord", + "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": "productivity gap", + "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a06": "", + "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a07": "", + "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a08": "", + "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a09": "", + "5ad243a7d7d075001a428a0a": "", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": "", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": "", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": "unemployment", + "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": "relatively stagnant wages", + "5729d609af94a219006aa661": "labor inputs", + "5729d609af94a219006aa662": "to reduce costs and maximize profits", + "5729d609af94a219006aa663": "capitalist firms increasingly substitute capital equipment for labor inputs", + "5729d609af94a219006aa664": "productivity", + "5729d609af94a219006aa665": "stagnant", + "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3c": "", + "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3d": "", + "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3e": "unemployment", + "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a3f": "relatively stagnant wages", + "5ad2442bd7d075001a428a40": "", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": "", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": "", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": "their business is chronically understaffed", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": "offering a higher wage the best of their labor", + "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": "unfair", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": "the market", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": "prices", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": "wages", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": "markets", + "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": "high levels of inequality", + "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad2": "", + "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad3": "", + "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad4": "", + "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad5": "", + "5ad2461ad7d075001a428ad6": "", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": "Competition", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "low demand", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": "high wages", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": "collective bargaining, political influence, or corruption", + "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": "", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": "a low wage", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": "competition", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": "the expendable nature of the worker", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": "high wages", + "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": "", + "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af6": "Competition", + "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af7": "high supply", + "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af8": "high wages", + "5ad2467ad7d075001a428af9": "", + "5ad2467ad7d075001a428afa": "", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": "entrepreneurship rates", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": "", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": "\"push\" motivations", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": "achievement-oriented motivations", + "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": "opportunity-based", + "5729de24af94a219006aa689": "higher economic inequality", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": "higher economic inequality", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": "Necessity-based", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": "achievement-oriented motivations", + "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": "redistributive", + "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b22": "", + "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b23": "", + "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b24": "", + "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b25": "", + "5ad2472bd7d075001a428b26": "", + "5727ef664b864d1900164060": "progressive tax", + "5727ef664b864d1900164061": "top tax rate", + "5727ef664b864d1900164062": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", + "5727ef664b864d1900164063": "progressive tax system", + "5729e02f1d04691400779639": "the tax rate", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": "the level of the top tax rate", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": "steeper tax progressivity applied to social spending", + "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": "Gini index", + "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b42": "", + "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b43": "", + "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b44": "", + "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b45": "", + "5ad247b0d7d075001a428b46": "", + "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": "Education", + "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": "", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": "", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": "the poor", + "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": "savings and investment", + "5729e1101d04691400779641": "variation in individuals' access to education", + "5729e1101d04691400779642": "high wages", + "5729e1101d04691400779643": "much lower wages", + "5729e1101d04691400779644": "lower incomes", + "5729e1101d04691400779645": "education", + "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5c": "", + "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5d": "", + "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5e": "high wages", + "5ad24840d7d075001a428b5f": "the poor", + "5ad24840d7d075001a428b60": "", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": "", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": "$105 billion", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": "boom-and-bust cycles", + "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": "", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": "2014", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": "2014", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": "increasing access to education", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": "$105 billion", + "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": "boom-and-bust cycles", + "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b82": "increasing access to education", + "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b83": "$105 billion", + "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b84": "", + "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b85": "", + "5ad248e0d7d075001a428b86": "", + "5727f2714b864d1900164072": "1910\u20131940", + "5727f2714b864d1900164073": "decrease in the price of skilled labor", + "5727f2714b864d1900164074": "decrease in the price of skilled labor", + "5727f2714b864d1900164075": "", + "5727f2714b864d1900164076": "decrease in wages", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": "1910\u20131940", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": "decrease in the price of skilled labor", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": "regarded as a stepping-stone to acquire college and advanced degrees", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": "Education", + "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": "gender inequality", + "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bee": "", + "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bef": "decreased inequality", + "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bf0": "decreased inequality", + "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bf1": "", + "5ad24b96d7d075001a428bf2": "", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": "union", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": "Anglo-American liberal policies", + "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": "little support for the view that U.S.-style labor-market flexibility dramatically improves labor-market outcomes", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": "economic inequality", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": "social exclusion", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": "CEPR", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": "little", + "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": "lower", + "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3a": "", + "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3b": "continental European countries", + "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3c": "", + "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3d": "", + "5ad24e50d7d075001a428c3e": "", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": "Scandinavia", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": "high inequality", + "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "", + "5727f7523acd2414000df110": "technological changes", + "5729e4291d04691400779651": "Sociologist", + "5729e4291d04691400779652": "University of Washington", + "5729e4291d04691400779653": "the decline of organized labor", + "5729e4291d04691400779654": "high rates", + "5729e4291d04691400779655": "weak labor movements", + "5ad24efad7d075001a428c74": "Scandinavia", + "5ad24efad7d075001a428c75": "", + "5ad24efad7d075001a428c76": "", + "5ad24efad7d075001a428c77": "", + "5ad24efad7d075001a428c78": "", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": "increased wages", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": "increased wages", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": "technological innovation", + "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": "machine labor", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": "global", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": "low-skilled workers", + "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": "trade liberalisation", + "5729f1283f37b319004785da": "minor", + "5729f1283f37b319004785db": "machine labor", + "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c92": "increased wages", + "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c93": "technological innovation", + "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c94": "", + "5ad24fb7d7d075001a428c95": "", + "5727fd123acd2414000df185": "53%", + "5727fd123acd2414000df186": "-40%", + "5727fd123acd2414000df187": "a difference in earnings between women and men", + "5727fd123acd2414000df188": "males", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": "Gender pay gap", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": "males", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": "women", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": "Thomas Sowell", + "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": "a difference", + "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de4": "", + "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de5": "", + "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de6": "", + "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de7": "", + "5ad258f3d7d075001a428de8": "", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": "social welfare programs", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": "equal", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": "As a country develops, it acquires more capital", + "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": "", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": "Economist", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": "levels of economic inequality", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": "more capital", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": "more wealth and income", + "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": "lower levels of inequality", + "5ad2594ed7d075001a428df8": "", + "5ad2594ed7d075001a428df9": "", + "5ad2594ed7d075001a428dfa": "", + "5ad2594ed7d075001a428dfb": "", + "5ad2594ed7d075001a428dfc": "", + "57287b322ca10214002da3be": "1910 to 1940", + "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": "after the 1970s", + "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": "", + "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": "", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": "Kuznets", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": "Kuznets curve", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": "very weak", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": "income inequality will eventually decrease", + "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": "the move from the manufacturing sector to the service sector", + "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e26": "after the 1970s", + "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e27": "1910", + "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e28": "", + "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e29": "", + "5ad259fdd7d075001a428e2a": "", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": "Wealth concentration", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": "the means to invest in new sources of creating wealth or to otherwise leverage the accumulation of wealth", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": "economic growth", + "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": "", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": "in the possession of already-wealthy individuals or entities", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": "those who already hold wealth", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": "wealth condensation", + "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": "Thomas Piketty", + "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": "higher returns", + "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e30": "", + "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e31": "", + "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e32": "", + "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e33": "", + "5ad25a8bd7d075001a428e34": "", + "5729f4e46aef051400155156": "Economist", + "5729f4e46aef051400155157": "market forces", + "5729f4e46aef051400155158": "rare and desired", + "5729f4e46aef051400155159": "political power", + "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": "rent-seeking", + "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e52": "", + "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e53": "", + "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e54": "", + "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e55": "", + "5ad25af2d7d075001a428e56": "", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": "inequality", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": "human capital is neglected", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": "life expectancy", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": "inequality", + "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": "-.907", + "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9a": "", + "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9b": "", + "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9c": "", + "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9d": "", + "5ad25c56d7d075001a428e9e": "", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": "2013", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": "rising inequality", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": "negative", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": "unemployment", + "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": "economic", + "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec6": "", + "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec7": "", + "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec8": "", + "5ad25cced7d075001a428ec9": "", + "5ad25cced7d075001a428eca": "", + "572a06866aef0514001551be": "British", + "572a06866aef0514001551bf": "higher", + "572a06866aef0514001551c0": "lower", + "572a06866aef0514001551c1": "equality", + "572a06866aef0514001551c2": "23", + "5ad25d39d7d075001a428ed8": "", + "5ad25d39d7d075001a428ed9": "", + "5ad25d39d7d075001a428eda": "", + "5ad25d39d7d075001a428edb": "inequality", + "5ad25d39d7d075001a428edc": "", + "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": "better health and longer lives", + "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": "poorer countries", + "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": "life expectancy", + "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": "Americans", + "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": "", + "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4c": "", + "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4d": "", + "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4e": "", + "5ad25eead7d075001a428f4f": "", + "5ad25eead7d075001a428f50": "", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": "income inequality", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": "Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": "nine", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": "countries with bigger income inequalities", + "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": "greater equality", + "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f72": "", + "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f73": "", + "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f74": "", + "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f75": "", + "5ad25f42d7d075001a428f76": "", + "572a0a391d046914007796df": "inequality", + 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Edsall", + "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "journalist", + "5ad2616fd7d075001a429036": "", + "5ad2616fd7d075001a429037": "", + "5ad2616fd7d075001a429038": "", + "5ad2616fd7d075001a429039": "", + "5ad2616fd7d075001a42903a": "", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "Central Banking economist", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": "systematic economic inequalities", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": "the Financial crisis of 2007\u201308", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": "easier credit", + "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": "unsustainable monetary stimulation", + "5ad261cfd7d075001a429062": "", + "5ad261cfd7d075001a429063": "", + "5ad261cfd7d075001a429064": "", + "5ad261cfd7d075001a429065": "", + "5ad261cfd7d075001a429066": "", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": "inequality in wealth and income", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": "the quality of a country's institutions and high levels of education", + "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": "declines", + "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": "higher GDP growth", + "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": "The poor and the middle class", + "5ad2623dd7d075001a429092": "", + "5ad2623dd7d075001a429093": "", + "5ad2623dd7d075001a429094": "", + "5ad2623dd7d075001a429095": "", + "5ad2623dd7d075001a429096": "", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": "", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": "economic growth", + "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": "subsequent long-run economic growth", + "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": "it is a waste of resources", + "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": "inequality-associated effects", + "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c0": "", + "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c1": "", + "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c2": "", + "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c3": "", + "5ad262aad7d075001a4290c4": "", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": "evidence in 2009 that both global inequality and inequality within countries prevent growth by limiting aggregate demand", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": "by limiting aggregate demand", + "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": "", + "572a1046af94a219006aa790": "increasing importance of human capital in development", + 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"5ad26420d7d075001a429134": "", + "5ad26420d7d075001a429135": "", + "5ad26420d7d075001a429136": "encourage", + "5ad26420d7d075001a429137": "", + "5ad26420d7d075001a429138": "", + "572a13841d0469140077973b": "Kuznets curve hypothesis", + "572a13841d0469140077973c": "first increases", + "572a13841d0469140077973d": "Thomas Piketty", + "572a13841d0469140077973e": "Economist", + "572a13841d0469140077973f": "wars and \"violent economic and political shocks", + "5ad2647bd7d075001a429156": "", + "5ad2647bd7d075001a429157": "", + "5ad2647bd7d075001a429158": "", + "5ad2647bd7d075001a429159": "", + "5ad2647bd7d075001a42915a": "", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": "1970s", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": "reduced consumer demand", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": "risen with increased income inequality", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": "several years", + "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": "more equality in the income distribution", + "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917c": "", + "5ad264e2d7d075001a42917d": "reduced consumer 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"572a1c943f37b319004786e1": "affordable housing", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": "quality rental units", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": "demand for higher quality housing increased", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": "gentrification of older neighbourhoods", + "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": "ad valorem property tax policy", + "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f4": "", + "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f5": "", + "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f6": "", + "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f7": "", + "5ad266efd7d075001a4291f8": "", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": "by everyone", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": "finances", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": "aspirational consumption", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": "taking on debt", + "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": "economic instability", + "5ad2676ed7d075001a429210": "", + "5ad2676ed7d075001a429211": "", + "5ad2676ed7d075001a429212": "", + "5ad2676ed7d075001a429213": "", + "5ad2676ed7d075001a429214": "", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "more", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": "multiplier", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": "environmental degradation", + "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": "population levels would start to drop to a sustainable level", + "5ad267e2d7d075001a429246": "", + "5ad267e2d7d075001a429247": "", + "5ad267e2d7d075001a429248": "", + "5ad267e2d7d075001a429249": "", + "5ad267e2d7d075001a42924a": "", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": "private ownership of the means of production", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": "a small portion of the population lives off unearned property income", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": "wage or salary", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": "socially", + "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": "reflective", + "5ad2684bd7d075001a429262": "", + "5ad2684bd7d075001a429263": "", + "5ad2684bd7d075001a429264": "", + "5ad2684bd7d075001a429265": "", + "5ad2684bd7d075001a429266": "", + "572a20816aef0514001552e4": "Robert Nozick", + "572a20816aef0514001552e5": "taxation", + "572a20816aef0514001552e6": "force", + "572a20816aef0514001552e7": "forceful taking of property", + "572a20816aef0514001552e8": "when they improve society as a whole", + "5ad268b2d7d075001a429288": "", + "5ad268b2d7d075001a429289": "", + "5ad268b2d7d075001a42928a": "", + "5ad268b2d7d075001a42928b": "", + "5ad268b2d7d075001a42928c": "", + "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "capability deprivation", + "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": "the end itself", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": "to \u201cwid[en] people\u2019s choices and the level of their achieved well-being", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "through increasing functionings (the things a person values doing)", + "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": "the ability to pursue valued goals", + "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b0": "", + "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b1": "", + "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b2": "", + "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b3": "", + "5ad2690ed7d075001a4292b4": "", + "572a2224af94a219006aa823": "they are in some way deprived of earning as much income", + "572a2224af94a219006aa824": "earn", + "572a2224af94a219006aa825": "gender roles and customs", + "572a2224af94a219006aa826": "for fear of their lives", + "572a2224af94a219006aa827": "a better relevant income", + "5ad26964d7d075001a4292cc": "", + "5ad26964d7d075001a4292cd": "", + "5ad26964d7d075001a4292ce": "", + "5ad26964d7d075001a4292cf": "", + "5ad26964d7d075001a4292d0": "a better relevant income", + "57283c464b864d19001647c8": "private research", + "57283c464b864d19001647c9": "1890", + "57283c464b864d19001647ca": "seven", + "57283c464b864d19001647cb": "four", + "57283c464b864d19001647cc": "", + "5acf774877cf76001a684e96": "", + "5acf774877cf76001a684e97": "", + "5acf774877cf76001a684e98": "", + "5acf774877cf76001a684e99": "", + "5acf774877cf76001a684e9a": "", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": "various academic disciplines", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": "Chicago's physics department", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": "beneath the university's Stagg Field", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": "University of Chicago Press", + "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": "2020", + "5acf782877cf76001a684eb2": "", + "5acf782877cf76001a684eb3": "", + "5acf782877cf76001a684eb4": "Stagg Field", + "5acf782877cf76001a684eb5": "", + "5acf782877cf76001a684eb6": "", + "57283f014b864d19001647e8": "American Baptist Education Society", + "57283f014b864d19001647e9": "John D. Rockefeller", + "57283f014b864d19001647ea": "William Rainey Harper", + "57283f014b864d19001647eb": "1891", + "57283f014b864d19001647ec": "1892", + "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7a": "", + "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7b": "", + "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7c": "1891", + "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7d": "", + "5acf7dcf77cf76001a684f7e": "", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": "John D. Rockefeller", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": "Silas B. Cobb", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": "Cobb Lecture Hall", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": "", + "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": "Charles L. Hutchinson", + "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa2": "", + "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa3": "", + "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa4": "", + "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa5": "the Walker Museum", + "5acf7ecb77cf76001a684fa6": "John D. 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"5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd5f": "", + "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd60": "western frontier", + "5ad402ae604f3c001a3ffd61": "", + "572869b84b864d19001649ae": "preserving Mongol interests in China and satisfying the demands of his Chinese subjects", + "572869b84b864d19001649af": "salt and iron", + "572869b84b864d19001649b0": "Imperial Secretariat", + "572869b84b864d19001649b1": "three", + "572869b84b864d19001649b2": "Han Chinese", + "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd69": "", + "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6a": "", + "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6b": "", + "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6c": "", + "5ad402f1604f3c001a3ffd6d": "", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": "Karakorum", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": "Khanbaliq", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": "1264", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": "Zhongdu", + "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": "Confucian propriety and ancestor veneration", + "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd73": "Karakorum", + "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd74": "", + "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd75": "", + "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd76": "", + "5ad40346604f3c001a3ffd77": "", + "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": "commercial, scientific, and cultural", + "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": "Mongol peace", + "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": "southern China", + "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": "Daidu", + "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": "Marco Polo", + "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd83": "", + "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd84": "", + "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd85": "", + "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd86": "", + "5ad40397604f3c001a3ffd87": "Marco Polo", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": "the Song Emperor", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": "1115", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": "1234", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": "Kong Duancao", + "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": "30,000", + "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9b": "Kong Duancao", + "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9c": "", + "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9d": "1234", + "5ad403df604f3c001a3ffd9e": "Kong Zhu", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": "northern China", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": "1268 and 1273", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": "Yangzi River basin", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": "Hangzhou", + "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": "drowned", + "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbb": "", + "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbc": "", + "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbd": "Yangzi River basin", + "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbe": "Hangzhou", + "5ad40432604f3c001a3ffdbf": "", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": "after 1279", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": "typhoon", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": "Vietnam \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": "Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng", + "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": "1288", + "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdcf": "Wars and construction projects", + "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdd0": "", + "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdd1": "Vietnam \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t", + "5ad40480604f3c001a3ffdd2": "Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng", + "57286ead2ca10214002da346": "1253", + "57286ead2ca10214002da347": "Zhenjin", + "57286ead2ca10214002da348": "1285", + "57286ead2ca10214002da349": "Emperor Chengzong", + "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": "1294 to 1307", + "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffde7": "", + "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffde8": "Zhenjin", + "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffde9": "1285", + "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffdea": "Emperor Chengzong", + "5ad404d4604f3c001a3ffdeb": "1307", + "57286f373acd2414000df9db": "Buyantu Khan", + "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": "actively support and adopt mainstream Chinese culture", + "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": "Li Meng", + "57286f373acd2414000df9de": "Department of State Affairs", + "57286f373acd2414000df9df": "1313", + "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe05": "", + "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe06": "actively support and adopt mainstream Chinese culture", + "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe07": "", + "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe08": "", + "5ad40515604f3c001a3ffe09": "", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": "Emperor Gegeen Khan", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": "1321 to 1323", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": "Baiju", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": "the comprehensive institutions of the Great Yuan", + "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": "five", + "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe19": "", + "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1a": "", + "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1b": "Baiju", + "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1c": "", + "5ad40582604f3c001a3ffe1d": "five", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": "Shangdu", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": "War of the Two Capitals", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": "four days", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": "El Tem\u00fcr", + "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": "Tugh Tem\u00fcr", + "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe2d": "Yes\u00fcn Tem\u00fcr died in Shangdu in 1328", + "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe2e": "", + "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe2f": "", + "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe30": "", + "5ad405f0604f3c001a3ffe31": "Tugh Tem\u00fcr", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": "his cultural contribution", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": "Academy of the Pavilion of the Star of Literature", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": "1329", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": "Jingshi Dadian", + "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": "Buddhism", + "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4b": "", + "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4c": "", + "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4d": "", + "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4e": "", + "5ad40639604f3c001a3ffe4f": "", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": "1332", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": "Emperor Ningzong", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": "13", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": "nine", + "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": "Liao, Jin, and Song", + "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe5f": "", + "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe60": "", + "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe61": "", + "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe62": "nine", + "5ad4066a604f3c001a3ffe63": "", + "572872822ca10214002da374": "struggle, famine, and bitterness among the populace", + "572872822ca10214002da375": "saw them as too Chinese", + "572872822ca10214002da376": "the army and the populace", + "572872822ca10214002da377": "Outlaws", + "572872822ca10214002da378": "administration", + "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe73": "", + "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe74": "", + "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe75": "the army and the populace", + "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe76": "", + "5ad406b6604f3c001a3ffe77": "", + "57287338ff5b5019007da232": "late 1340s", + "57287338ff5b5019007da233": "the Red Turban Rebellion", + "57287338ff5b5019007da234": "fear of betrayal", + "57287338ff5b5019007da235": "Red Turban rebels", + "57287338ff5b5019007da236": "1368\u20131644", + "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe7d": "", + "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe7e": "", + "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe7f": "", + "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe80": "", + "5ad406e9604f3c001a3ffe81": "1644", + "572878942ca10214002da3a2": "communications", + "572878942ca10214002da3a3": "communications", + "572878942ca10214002da3a4": "the Ilkhanate", + "572878942ca10214002da3a5": "carrots, turnips, new varieties of lemons, eggplants, and melons", + "5ad40726604f3c001a3ffe8f": "", + "5ad40726604f3c001a3ffe90": "", + "5ad40726604f3c001a3ffe91": "the Ilkhanate", + "572879574b864d1900164a14": "Western musical instruments", + "572879574b864d1900164a15": "Nestorianism and Roman Catholicism", + "572879574b864d1900164a16": "Taoism", + "572879574b864d1900164a17": "Confucian", + "572879574b864d1900164a18": "travel literature, cartography, geography, and scientific education", + "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe95": "", + "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe96": "", + "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe97": "Taoism", + "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe98": "Confucian", + "5ad40762604f3c001a3ffe99": "", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": "Marco Polo", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": "the Travels of Marco Polo", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": "Il milione", + "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": "through contact with Persian traders", + "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffea9": "", + "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffeaa": "", + "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffeab": "", + "5ad40796604f3c001a3ffeac": "", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": "Guo Shoujing", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": "365.2425 days", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": "granaries were ordered built throughout the empire", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": "Beijing", + "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": "sorghum", + "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebb": "", + "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebc": "365.2425 days", + "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebd": "", + "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebe": "", + "5ad407de604f3c001a3ffebf": "", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": "non-native Chinese people", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": "the Eternal Heaven", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": "Song dynasty", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": "Ming", + "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": "a period of foreign domination", + "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffed9": "", + "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffeda": "", + "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffedb": "Ming", + "5ad4081b604f3c001a3ffedc": "Ming dynasty", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": "Han Chinese, Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols, and Tibetan Buddhists", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": "Tang, Song, as well as Khitan Liao and Jurchen Jin dynasties", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": "Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": "traditional Chinese tripartite", + "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": "civil, military, and censorial offices", + "5ad408aa604f3c001a3ffeff": "", + "5ad408aa604f3c001a3fff00": "", + "5ad408aa604f3c001a3fff01": "", + "5ad408aa604f3c001a3fff02": "", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": "the Privy Council", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": "since the Sui and Tang dynasties", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": "Mongols and Semuren", + "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": "", + "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff0f": "the Privy Council", + "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff10": "", + "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff11": "Mongols and Semuren", + "5ad408ed604f3c001a3fff12": "", + "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": "1269", + "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": "Mongolian, Tibetan, and Chinese", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": "they could generally converse well", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": "Tugh Temur", + "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": "Emperor Wenzong", + "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2b": "", + "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2c": "", + "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2d": "Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese", + "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2e": "", + "5ad40955604f3c001a3fff2f": "", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": "1290", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": "1291", + "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "the harvests of their Chinese tenants", + "5ad40995604f3c001a3fff45": "", + "5ad40995604f3c001a3fff46": "", + "5ad40995604f3c001a3fff47": "", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": "painting, mathematics, calligraphy, poetry, and theater", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": "painting, poetry, and calligraphy", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": "the Song dynasty", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": "qu", + "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": "zaju", + "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff5f": "vernacular Chinese", + "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff60": "painting, poetry, and calligraphy", + "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff61": "", + "5ad409d6604f3c001a3fff62": "", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": "western khanates", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": "Buddhism", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": "Tibetan Buddhism", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": "Xuanzheng Yuan)", + "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": "Sakya", + "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff79": "western khanates", + "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff7a": "", + "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff7b": "Tibetan Buddhism", + "5ad40a0e604f3c001a3fff7d": "Sakya", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "1249", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "1314", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": "matrices", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": "polynomial algebra", + "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": "1303", + "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8b": "1249\u20131314", + "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8c": "", + "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8d": "", + "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8e": "", + "5ad40a41604f3c001a3fff8f": "", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": "applied mathematics", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": "a cubic interpolation formula", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": "Shoushi Li", + "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": "Shoushi Li", + "5728809f2ca10214002da410": "1281", + "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffa9": "", + "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffaa": "", + "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffab": "Shoushi Li (\u6388\u6642\u66a6) or Calendar for Fixing the Seasons", + "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffac": "Calendar for Fixing the Seasons", + "5ad40a72604f3c001a3fffad": "", + "572881022ca10214002da416": "non-Mongol physicians", + "572881022ca10214002da417": "herbal", + "572881022ca10214002da418": "spiritual cures", + "572881022ca10214002da419": "Imperial Academy of Medicine", + "572881022ca10214002da41a": "it ensured a high income", + "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffc7": "non-Mongol physicians", + "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffc8": "", + "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffc9": "herbal remedies", + "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffca": "", + "5ad40ac5604f3c001a3fffcb": "", + "572881704b864d1900164a50": "Four", + "572881704b864d1900164a51": "inherited from the Jin dynasty", + "572881704b864d1900164a52": "Under the Mongols, the practice of Chinese medicine spread to other parts of the empire", + "572881704b864d1900164a53": "acupuncture, moxibustion, pulse diagnosis", + "572881704b864d1900164a54": "1347", + "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffdf": "", + "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffe0": "", + "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffe1": "", + "5ad40af0604f3c001a3fffe2": "", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": "Muslim medicine", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": "Jesus the Interpreter", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": "1263", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": "humoral system", + "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": "yin-yang and wuxing", + "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffb": "Huihui", + "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffc": "", + "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffd": "", + "5ad40b55604f3c001a3ffffe": "", + "5ad40b55604f3c001a3fffff": "yin-yang and wuxing", + "572882242ca10214002da420": "through Kingdom of Qocho and Tibetan intermediaries", + "572882242ca10214002da421": "Wang Zhen", + "572882242ca10214002da422": "12th century", + "572882242ca10214002da423": "T\u00f6regene Khatun", + "572882242ca10214002da424": "1273", + "5ad40b87604f3c001a400005": "", + "5ad40b87604f3c001a400006": "", + "5ad40b87604f3c001a400007": "", + "5ad40b87604f3c001a400008": "", + "5ad40b87604f3c001a400009": "", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": "the chao", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": "the bark of mulberry trees", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": "1275", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": "woodblocks", + "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": "1294", + "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400035": "", + "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400036": "bark of mulberry trees", + "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400037": "", + "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400038": "", + "5ad40bd9604f3c001a400039": "", + "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": "patrimonial feudalism and the traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system", + "572883153acd2414000dfa70": "traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system", + "572883153acd2414000dfa71": "various allied groups from Central Asia and the western end of the empire", + "572883153acd2414000dfa72": "colonial\" coloration", + "572883153acd2414000dfa73": "the Ilkhanate", + "5ad40c2d604f3c001a400049": "", + "5ad40c2d604f3c001a40004a": "", + "5ad40c2d604f3c001a40004b": "various allied groups from Central Asia and the western end of the empire", + "5ad40c2d604f3c001a40004c": "colonial", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": "Central Asian Muslims", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": "Han Chinese and Khitans", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": "Besh Baliq, Almaliq, and Samarqand", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": "artisans and farmers", + "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": "a Qara-Khitay", + "5ad40c62604f3c001a400065": "", + "5ad40c62604f3c001a400066": "", + "5ad40c62604f3c001a400067": "", + "5ad40c62604f3c001a400068": "", + "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": "restricting Halal slaughter and other Islamic practices", + "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": "Kosher butchering", + "57288428ff5b5019007da290": "Zhu Yuanzhang", + "57288428ff5b5019007da291": "thanks", + "57288428ff5b5019007da292": "Muslims in the semu class", + "5ad40cac604f3c001a400087": "", + "5ad40cac604f3c001a400088": "Kosher butchering", + "5ad40cac604f3c001a400089": "", + "5ad40cac604f3c001a40008a": "", + "5ad40cac604f3c001a40008b": "The Muslims in the semu class", + "5728848cff5b5019007da298": "Frederick W. Mote", + "5728848cff5b5019007da299": "degrees of privilege", + "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": "rich and well socially standing", + "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": "lived in poverty and were ill treated", + "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400091": "Frederick W. Mote", + "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400092": "social power and wealth", + "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400093": "rich and well socially standing", + "5ad40cdb604f3c001a400094": "rich Mongol and Semu than there were Mongol and Semu who lived in poverty", + "572885023acd2414000dfa83": "Northern", + "572885023acd2414000dfa84": "Southern Chinese", + "572885023acd2414000dfa85": "southern China withstood and fought to the last before caving in", + "572885023acd2414000dfa86": "The earlier they surrendered to the Mongols", + "572885023acd2414000dfa87": "private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants", + "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b5": "", + "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b6": "", + "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b7": "", + "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b8": "", + "5ad40d28604f3c001a4000b9": "private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": "Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": "Karluk Kara-Khanid", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": "Korean King", + "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": "the Uighurs surrendered to the Mongols first", + "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000c9": "", + "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000ca": "", + "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000cb": "Korean King", + "5ad40d50604f3c001a4000cc": "the Uighurs surrendered to the Mongols first", + "572885c44b864d1900164a78": "The Central Region", + "572885c44b864d1900164a79": "", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": "Khanbaliq (modern Beijing)", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": "Beijing", + "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": "Zhongshu Sheng", + "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d1": "", + "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d2": "", + "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d3": "", + "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d4": "", + "5ad40d89604f3c001a4000d5": "", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": "disease", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": "pathogens", + "5728eff82ca10214002daade": "neuroimmune system", + "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": "blood\u2013brain barrier", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": "pathogens", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": "humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": "innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system", + "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": "neuroimmune system", + "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9a": "", + "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9b": "", + "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9c": "", + "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9d": "", + "5ad49c34ba00c4001a268d9e": "", + "5728f2e26aef051400154896": "Immunodeficiency", + "5728f2e26aef051400154897": "autoimmunity", + "5728f2e26aef051400154898": "Immunology", + "5728f2e26aef051400154899": "HIV/AIDS", + "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e24": "", + "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e25": "immunosuppressive medication", + "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e26": "hyperactive immune system", + "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e27": "", + "5ad49faaba00c4001a268e28": "", + "5728f3724b864d1900165116": "Robert Koch", + "5728f3724b864d1900165117": "microorganisms", + "5728f3724b864d1900165118": "yellow fever", + "5728f3724b864d1900165119": "430 BC", + "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e42": "", + "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e43": "", + "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e44": "Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis", + "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e45": "", + "5ad4a049ba00c4001a268e46": "", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": "Innate", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": "adaptive immune system", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": "an immunological memory", + "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": "physical barriers", + "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e60": "", + "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e61": "", + "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e62": "", + "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e63": "", + "5ad4a110ba00c4001a268e64": "", + "5728f7774b864d190016512e": "self and non-self", + "5728f7774b864d190016512f": "self molecules", + "5728f7774b864d1900165130": "non-self molecules", + "5728f7774b864d1900165131": "antigens", + "5728f7774b864d1900165132": "specific immune receptors", + "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268eca": "", + "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ecb": "", + "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ecc": "", + "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ecd": "", + "5ad4a682ba00c4001a268ece": "", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": "pattern recognition receptors", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": "The innate immune system", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": "microorganisms", + "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": "non-specific", + "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268ee8": "", + "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268ee9": "", + "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268eea": "", + "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268eeb": "", + "5ad4a75aba00c4001a268eec": "", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": "exoskeleton", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": "waxy cuticle", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": "coughing and sneezing", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": "mucus", + "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": "", + "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d64": "", + "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d65": "", + "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d66": "", + "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d67": "", + "5ad4abe25b96ef001a109d68": "", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": "\u03b2-defensins", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "lysozyme and phospholipase A2", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": "defensins and zinc", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "gastric acid and proteases", + "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": "menarche", + "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d78": "", + "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d79": "", + "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d7a": "", + "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d7b": "following menarche", + "5ad4acbd5b96ef001a109d7c": "", + "5728fd206aef05140015494c": "commensal flora", + "5728fd206aef05140015494d": "fungi", + "5728fd206aef05140015494e": "pure cultures of the lactobacilli", + "5728fd206aef05140015494f": "pH or available iron", + "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbc": "", + "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbd": "", + "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbe": "", + "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dbf": "", + "5ad4b0f25b96ef001a109dc0": "", + "572900f73f37b31900477f69": "Inflammation", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": "increased blood flow into tissue", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": "eicosanoids and cytokines", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": "prostaglandins", + "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": "interleukins", + "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc6": "", + "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc7": "", + "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc8": "", + "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dc9": "", + "5ad4b1895b96ef001a109dca": "", + "572905ce1d04691400778f83": "phagocytes", + "572905ce1d04691400778f84": "cytokines", + "572905ce1d04691400778f85": "phagosome", + "572905ce1d04691400778f86": "phagolysosome", + "572905ce1d04691400778f87": "acquiring nutrients", + "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b6": "", + "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b7": "", + "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b8": "an intracellular vesicle called a phagosome", + "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0b9": "by the activity of digestive enzymes or following a respiratory burst that releases free radicals into the phagolysosome", + "5ad4ca235b96ef001a10a0ba": "", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": "Neutrophils and macrophages", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": "Neutrophils", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": "50% to 60%", + "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": "chemotaxis", + "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": "interleukin 1", + "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0de": "", + "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0df": "", + "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0e0": "", + "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0e1": "", + "5ad4cb055b96ef001a10a0e2": "", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "Leukocytes", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": "Leukocytes", + "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": "adaptive immune system", + "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells", + "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a098": "", + "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a099": "", + "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a09a": "", + "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a09b": "", + "5ad4c94f5b96ef001a10a09c": "", + "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": "Dendritic cells", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": "neuronal dendrites", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": "T cells", + "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": "T cells", + "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a110": "", + "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a111": "", + "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a112": "", + "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a113": "", + "5ad4cd245b96ef001a10a114": "", + "5729f06f1d04691400779673": "Natural killer cells", + "5729f06f1d04691400779674": "missing self.\"", + "5729f06f1d04691400779675": "MHC I", + "5729f06f1d04691400779676": "killer cell immunoglobulin receptors (KIR)", + "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a148": "", + "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a149": "", + "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a14a": "they express intact self MHC antigens", + "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a14b": "", + "5ad4cf8e5b96ef001a10a14c": "", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": "vertebrates", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": "antigen presentation", + "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": "pathogens", + "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a178": "", + "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a179": "", + "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a17a": "", + "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a17b": "", + "5ad4d0385b96ef001a10a17c": "", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": "killer T cell and the helper T cell", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": "regulatory T cells", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": "Class I MHC", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": "Class II MHC", + "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": "\u03b3\u03b4 T cells", + "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a0": "", + "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a1": "small fragments of the pathogen", + "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a2": "", + "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a3": "", + "5ad4d10e5b96ef001a10a1a4": "", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": "Killer T cells", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": "T cell receptor (TCR)", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": "CD8", + "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": "perforin", + "5729f39a6aef051400155150": "granulysin", + "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c6": "", + "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c7": "", + "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c8": "", + "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1c9": "", + "5ad4d2105b96ef001a10a1ca": "", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": "CD4", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": "200\u2013300", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": "200\u2013300", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": "cytokines", + "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": "CD40 ligand", + "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1f8": "", + "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1f9": "Helper T cells", + "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1fa": "", + "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1fb": "", + "5ad4d2d65b96ef001a10a1fc": "antibody", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": "helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": "T cell receptor", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": "helper T cells", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": "receptor diversity", + "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": "V\u03b39/V\u03b42 T cells", + "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a232": "", + "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a233": "", + "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a234": "", + "5ad4d4795b96ef001a10a235": "", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": "B cell", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": "proteolysis", + "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": "lymphokines", + "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a260": "", + "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a261": "", + "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a262": "", + "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a263": "", + "5ad4d52a5b96ef001a10a264": "", + "5729f799af94a219006aa707": "long-lived memory cells", + "5729f799af94a219006aa708": "adaptive", + "5729f799af94a219006aa709": "passive short-term memory or active long-term memory", + "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": "pathogen", + "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c6": "", + "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c7": "", + "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c8": "", + "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2c9": "", + "5ad4d6a75b96ef001a10a2ca": "", + "5729f8516aef05140015516c": "microbes", + "5729f8516aef05140015516d": "IgG", + "5729f8516aef05140015516e": "Breast milk or colostrum", + "5729f8516aef05140015516f": "passive immunity", + "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f4": "", + "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f5": "", + "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f6": "", + "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f7": "", + "5ad4d7395b96ef001a10a2f8": "", + "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": "immunomodulators", + "5729f9953f37b31900478620": "both adaptive and innate immune responses", + "5729f9953f37b31900478621": "lupus erythematosus", + "5729f9953f37b31900478622": "immunosuppressive", + "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5ac": "", + "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5ad": "", + "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5ae": "", + "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5af": "testosterone", + "5ad4e61e5b96ef001a10a5b0": "", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": "NFIL3", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": "heart disease, chronic pain, and asthma", + "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": "sleep", + "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a626": "", + "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a627": "", + "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a628": "", + "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a629": "heart disease, chronic pain, and asthma", + "5ad4ea425b96ef001a10a62a": "", + "5729fb003f37b31900478627": "progressive decline in hormone levels", + "5729fb003f37b31900478628": "vitamin D", + "5729fb003f37b31900478629": "hormones", + "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": "cholecalciferol", + "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a608": "", + "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a609": "", + "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a60a": "", + "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a60b": "", + "5ad4e90e5b96ef001a10a60c": "", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": "killer T cells", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": "MHC class I", + "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": "viral antigens", + "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": "antibodies", + "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a586": "", + "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a587": "", + "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a588": "", + "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a589": "", + "5ad4e4cf5b96ef001a10a58a": "", + "5729fd111d046914007796a5": "phagocytic", + "5729fd111d046914007796a6": "Pathogen-associated molecular patterns", + "5729fd111d046914007796a7": "rapid apoptosis", + "5729fd111d046914007796a8": "Systemic acquired resistance", + "5729fd111d046914007796a9": "RNA silencing", + "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a560": "phagocytic cells", + "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a561": "", + "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a562": "", + "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a563": "", + "5ad4e3a15b96ef001a10a564": "", + "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": "autoimmune", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": "self and non-self", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": "thymus and bone marrow", + "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": "\"self\" peptides", + "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a434": "", + "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a435": "", + "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a436": "", + "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a437": "", + "5ad4db615b96ef001a10a438": "", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": "Immunodeficiencies", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": "young and the elderly", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": "50 years of age", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": "obesity, alcoholism, and drug use", + "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": "malnutrition", + "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a380": "", + "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a381": "", + "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a382": "", + "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a383": "", + "5ad4d91d5b96ef001a10a384": "", + "5729ffda1d046914007796af": "vaccination", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": "immunization", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": "an antigen from a pathogen", + "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": "the natural specificity", + "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a344": "", + "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a345": "", + "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a346": "", + "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a347": "", + "5ad4d8845b96ef001a10a348": "", + "572a019f3f37b31900478643": "", + "572a019f3f37b31900478644": "type III secretion system", + "572a019f3f37b31900478645": "shut down host defenses", + "572a019f3f37b31900478646": "elude host immune responses", + "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a77e": "", + "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a77f": "", + "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a780": "a type III secretion system", + "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a781": "", + "5ad4f4405b96ef001a10a782": "", + "572a02483f37b3190047864b": "Frank Burnet", + "572a02483f37b3190047864c": "pathogens, an allograft", + "572a02483f37b3190047864d": "histocompatibility", + "572a02483f37b3190047864e": "Niels Jerne", + "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a702": "", + "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a703": "", + "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a704": "", + "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a705": "", + "5ad4f11d5b96ef001a10a706": "", + "572a03086aef0514001551a2": "Glucocorticoids", + "572a03086aef0514001551a3": "cytotoxic or immunosuppressive", + "572a03086aef0514001551a4": "methotrexate or azathioprine", + "572a03086aef0514001551a5": "cyclosporin", + "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6b8": "", + "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6b9": "", + "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6ba": "", + "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6bb": "", + "5ad4ef8b5b96ef001a10a6bc": "", + "572a04d51d046914007796cd": "cytotoxic natural killer cells and CTLs", + "572a04d51d046914007796ce": "cortisol and catecholamines", + "572a04d51d046914007796cf": "melatonin", + "572a04d51d046914007796d0": "free radical", + "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a668": "", + "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a669": "", + "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a66a": "cortisol and catecholamines", + "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a66b": "actively counteract free radical production", + "5ad4ec305b96ef001a10a66c": "", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": "vitamin D receptor", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": "calcitriol", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": "symbiotic", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": "CYP27B1", + "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": "dendritic cells, keratinocytes and macrophages", + "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f4": "extends a vitamin D receptor", + "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f5": "", + "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f6": "", + "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f7": "", + "5ad4e7eb5b96ef001a10a5f8": "CYP27B1", + "572a06af3f37b31900478667": "Pattern recognition receptors", + "572a06af3f37b31900478668": "defensins", + "572a06af3f37b31900478669": "phagocytic cells", + "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": "RNA interference pathway", + "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f4": "", + "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f5": "defensins", + "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f6": "", + "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f7": "", + "5ad4df065b96ef001a10a4f8": "", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": "immunoglobulins and T cell receptors", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": "lamprey and hagfish", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": "Variable lymphocyte receptors", + "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": "adaptive immune system", + "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a298": "", + "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a299": "", + "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a29a": "lamprey and hagfish", + "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a29b": "", + "5ad4d5e15b96ef001a10a29c": "", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": "lymphocytes or an antibody-based humoral response", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": "restriction modification system", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": "viral", + "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": "acquired immunity", + "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4d8": "", + "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4d9": "", + "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4da": "", + "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4db": "", + "5ad4de4c5b96ef001a10a4dc": "", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": "\"cellular\" and \"humoral\"", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": "Elie Metchnikoff", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": "phagocytes", + "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": "Robert Koch and Emil von Behring", + "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": "soluble components (molecules)", + "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6e8": "", + "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6e9": "", + "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6ea": "", + "5ad4f0675b96ef001a10a6eb": "soluble components (molecules)", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": "cancers", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": "MHC class I", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": "TGF-\u03b2", + "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": "", + "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a598": "", + "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a599": "", + "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a59a": "", + "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a59b": "", + "5ad4e56d5b96ef001a10a59c": "the immune system no longer attacks the tumor cells", + "572a0bf96aef051400155204": "Hypersensitivity", + "572a0bf96aef051400155205": "four", + "572a0bf96aef051400155206": "Type I", + "572a0bf96aef051400155207": "IgE", + "572a0bf96aef051400155208": "Type II", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a8": "", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a9": "", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4aa": "", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4ab": "", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4ac": "", + "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": "intracellular pathogenesis", + "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": "Salmonella", + "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "Plasmodium falciparum", + "572a0ce11d04691400779700": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis", + "572a0ce11d04691400779701": "protein A", + "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f0": "", + "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f1": "", + "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f2": "", + "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f3": "", + "5ad4f7895b96ef001a10a7f4": "", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": "antigenic variation", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": "HIV", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": "Trypanosoma brucei", + "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": "antigens", + "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a80e": "", + "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a80f": "", + "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a810": "", + "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a811": "", + "5ad4f8255b96ef001a10a812": "Trypanosoma brucei", + "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": "immune surveillance", + "572a0f073f37b31900478680": "human papillomavirus", + "572a0f073f37b31900478681": "tyrosinase", + "572a0f073f37b31900478682": "melanomas", + "572a0f073f37b31900478683": "melanocytes", + "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a572": "", + "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a573": "", + "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a574": "", + "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a575": "", + "5ad4e4425b96ef001a10a576": "", + "572a10cd6aef051400155222": ">500 Da", + "572a10cd6aef051400155223": "hydrophilic", + "572a10cd6aef051400155224": "Immunoproteomics", + "572a10cd6aef051400155225": "B", + "572a10cd6aef051400155226": "immunoinformatics", + "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a758": "", + "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a759": "", + "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a75a": "", + "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a75b": "", + "5ad4f3a25b96ef001a10a75c": "", + "572a12386aef051400155234": "leptin, pituitary growth hormone, and prolactin", + "572a12386aef051400155235": "APCs", + "572a12386aef051400155236": "Th1/Th2", + "572a12386aef051400155237": "Th1", + "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64c": "", + "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64d": "leptin, pituitary growth hormone, and prolactin", + "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64e": "", + "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a64f": "", + "5ad4eb355b96ef001a10a650": "", + "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": "unicellular", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": "defensins", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": "vaccination", + "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": "", + "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd4": "", + "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd5": "", + "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd6": "", + "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd7": "", + "5ad49d30ba00c4001a268dd8": "", + "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": "carbohydrates", + "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": "signal amplification that occurs following sequential proteolytic activation of complement molecules", + "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": "catalytic", + "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": "by disrupting their plasma membrane", + "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a010": "", + "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a011": "", + "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a012": "", + "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a013": "protease activity", + "5ad4c6775b96ef001a10a014": "", + "57293b843f37b31900478133": "the United Nations", + "57293b843f37b31900478134": "World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)", + "57293b843f37b31900478135": "", + "57293b843f37b31900478136": "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change", + "57293b843f37b31900478137": "43/53", + "5a3e2a95378766001a0024af": "", + "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b0": "the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)", + "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b1": "", + "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b2": "", + "5a3e2a95378766001a0024b3": "", + "57293bc91d0469140077919b": "Hoesung Lee", + "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "Korean", + "57293bc91d0469140077919d": "Ismail El Gizouli", + "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "Hoesung Lee", + "57293bc91d0469140077919f": "February 2015", + "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024b9": "", + "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024ba": "", + "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024bb": "", + "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024bc": "", + "5a3e2ba4378766001a0024bd": "", + "57293c246aef051400154bb8": "representatives appointed by governments and organizations", + "57293c246aef051400154bb9": "322", + "57293c246aef051400154bba": "Non Governmental and Intergovernmental Organizations may be allowed to attend as observers", + "57293c246aef051400154bbb": "seven-eighths", + "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c3": "", + "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c4": "", + "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c5": "", + "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c6": "", + "5a3e2dc0378766001a0024c7": "", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": "1989", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": "United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": "UNEP", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": "", + "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": "Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO", + "5a3e2f07378766001a0024cd": "IPCC Trust Fund", + "5a3e2f07378766001a0024ce": "", + "5a3e2f07378766001a0024cf": "", + "5a3e2f07378766001a0024d0": "the WMO, by UNEP, and by IPCC Members", + "5a3e2f07378766001a0024d1": "", + "57293d116aef051400154bc8": "carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data", + "57293d116aef051400154bc9": "published sources", + "57293d116aef051400154bca": "non-peer-reviewed sources", + "57293d116aef051400154bcb": "grey literature", + "5a3e307f378766001a0024d7": "The IPCC", + "5a3e307f378766001a0024d8": "", + "5a3e307f378766001a0024d9": "authors should give priority to peer-reviewed sources", + "5a3e307f378766001a0024da": "", + "5a3e307f378766001a0024db": "", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": "two", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": "ten to fifteen", + "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": "", + "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": "coordinating lead authors", + "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": "Working Group chairs", + "5a3e488b378766001a00253b": "", + "5a3e488b378766001a00253c": "ten to fifteen", + "5a3e488b378766001a00253d": "", + "5a3e488b378766001a00253e": "", + "5a3e488b378766001a00253f": "", + "57293e221d046914007791d5": "substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations", + "57293e221d046914007791d6": "warming of the Earth's surface", + "57293e221d046914007791d7": "over half", + "57293e221d046914007791d8": "", + "57293e221d046914007791d9": "0.3 to 0.6 \u00b0C", + "5a3e3405378766001a0024e1": "", + "5a3e3405378766001a0024e2": "", + "5a3e3405378766001a0024e3": "", + "5a3e3405378766001a0024e4": "global mean surface air temperature", + "5a3e3405378766001a0024e5": "a decade or more.", + "57293e983f37b3190047818b": "2001", + "57293e983f37b3190047818c": "16", + "57293e983f37b3190047818d": "Science", + "57293e983f37b3190047818e": "at least 90%", + "57293e983f37b3190047818f": "between 1.4 and 5.8 \u00b0C", + "5a3e3614378766001a0024eb": "", + "5a3e3614378766001a0024ec": "the Royal Society of Canada", + "5a3e3614378766001a0024ed": "Science", + "5a3e3614378766001a0024ee": "", + "5a3e3614378766001a0024ef": "", + "57293f353f37b3190047819b": "Richard Lindzen", + "57293f353f37b3190047819c": "does not faithfully summarize the full WGI report", + "57293f353f37b3190047819d": "John Houghton", + "57293f353f37b3190047819e": "co-chair of TAR WGI", + "57293f353f37b3190047819f": "scientific evidence", + "5a3e3752378766001a0024f5": "", + "5a3e3752378766001a0024f6": "", + "5a3e3752378766001a0024f7": "", + "5a3e3752378766001a0024f8": "", + "5a3e3752378766001a0024f9": "the SPM", + "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": "the same procedures", + "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": "2011", + "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": "2011", + "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": "requested by governments.", + "5a3e3907378766001a0024ff": "", + "5a3e3907378766001a002500": "", + "5a3e3907378766001a002501": "2011", + "5a3e3907378766001a002502": "Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation", + "5a3e3907378766001a002503": "", + "572940246aef051400154bec": "the Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme", + "572940246aef051400154bed": "default emission factors", + "572940246aef051400154bee": "fuel consumption, industrial production", + "572940246aef051400154bef": "WMO Executive Council and UNEP Governing Council", + "5a3e3aa9378766001a002509": "", + "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250a": "", + "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250b": "", + "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250c": "the UNFCCC", + "5a3e3aa9378766001a00250d": "default emission factors", + "572940973f37b319004781a5": "the date", + "572940973f37b319004781a6": "the poor application of well-established IPCC procedures", + "572940973f37b319004781a7": "an ICSI report", + "572940973f37b319004781a8": "", + "5a3e495c378766001a002545": "the conclusion in the final summary was robust", + "5a3e495c378766001a002547": "", + "5a3e495c378766001a002548": "", + "5a3e495c378766001a002549": "", + "572941273f37b319004781ad": "Former IPCC chairman", + "572941273f37b319004781ae": "making it seem like climate change is more serious by overstating the impact", + "572941273f37b319004781af": "a climate expert", + "572941273f37b319004781b0": "Himalayan glaciers", + "572941273f37b319004781b1": "generally unfounded and also marginal to the assessment", + "5a3e3de4378766001a002513": "Robert Watson", + "5a3e3de4378766001a002514": "", + "5a3e3de4378766001a002515": "", + "5a3e3de4378766001a002516": "a single unfortunate error over Himalayan glaciers", + "5a3e3de4378766001a002517": "", + "57294209af94a219006aa201": "1999", + "57294209af94a219006aa202": "Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes", + "57294209af94a219006aa203": "hockey stick graph", + "57294209af94a219006aa204": "Jones et al. 1998, Pollack, Huang & Shen 1998, Crowley & Lowery 2000 and Briffa 2000", + "5a3e40d1378766001a00251d": "", + "5a3e40d1378766001a00251e": "1999", + "5a3e40d1378766001a00251f": "", + "5a3e40d1378766001a002520": "", + "5a3e40d1378766001a002521": "", + "57294279af94a219006aa209": "between 1000 and 1900", + "57294279af94a219006aa20a": "Fred Singer", + "57294279af94a219006aa20b": "Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.", + "57294279af94a219006aa20c": "18 July 2000", + "57294279af94a219006aa20d": "Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation", + "5a3e42de378766001a002527": "between 1000 and 1900", + "5a3e42de378766001a002528": "", + "5a3e42de378766001a002529": "", + "5a3e42de378766001a00252a": "", + "5a3e42de378766001a00252b": "", + "572943ab1d04691400779219": "Joe Barton", + "572943ab1d0469140077921a": "Ed Whitfield", + "572943ab1d0469140077921b": "23 June 2005", + "572943ab1d0469140077921c": "Sherwood Boehlert", + "572943ab1d0469140077921d": "Sherwood Boehlert", + "5a3e44ea378766001a002531": "Mann, Bradley and Hughes", + "5a3e44ea378766001a002532": "Mann, Bradley and Hughes", + "5a3e44ea378766001a002533": "", + "5a3e44ea378766001a002534": "", + "5a3e44ea378766001a002535": "", + "572944e03f37b319004781e1": "2007", + "572944e03f37b319004781e2": "2001", + "572944e03f37b319004781e3": "14", + "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "Ten", + "572944e03f37b319004781e5": "divergence problem", + "5a3e582e378766001a00259f": "", + "5a3e582e378766001a0025a0": "", + "5a3e582e378766001a0025a1": "", + "5a3e582e378766001a0025a2": "", + "5a3e582e378766001a0025a3": "", + "572945b11d0469140077922f": "", + "572945b11d04691400779230": "Over the six years studied, the actual temperature rise was near the top end of the range given by IPCC's 2001 projection", + "572945b11d04691400779231": "the actual temperature rise was near the top end of the range", + "572945b11d04691400779232": "the actual sea level rise was above the top of the range of the IPCC projection", + "5a3e5697378766001a002595": "", + "5a3e5697378766001a002596": "six", + "5a3e5697378766001a002597": "", + "5a3e5697378766001a002598": "IPCC's 2001 projection", + "5a3e5697378766001a002599": "", + "572949306aef051400154c68": "", + "572949306aef051400154c69": "0.5\u20131.4 m [50\u2013140 cm] above 1990 levels. These values are much greater than the 9\u201388 cm", + "572949306aef051400154c6a": "0.5\u20131.4 m", + "572949306aef051400154c6b": "2001", + "5a3e4a34378766001a00254f": "0.5\u20131.4 m", + "5a3e4a34378766001a002550": "0.5\u20131.4 m [50\u2013140 cm] above 1990 levels", + "5a3e4a34378766001a002551": "", + "5a3e4a34378766001a002552": "", + "5a3e4a34378766001a002553": "", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": "coordinating lead author", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": "Science Magazine", + "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": "concurring, smaller assessments of special problems", + "5a3e4c01378766001a002559": "", + "5a3e4c01378766001a00255a": "", + "5a3e4c01378766001a00255b": "", + "5a3e4c01378766001a00255c": "", + "5a3e4c01378766001a00255d": "", + "57294e6b1d04691400779275": "Montreal Protocol", + "57294e6b1d04691400779276": "", + "57294e6b1d04691400779277": "states and governments", + "5a3e4e57378766001a002563": "", + "5a3e4e57378766001a002564": "", + "5a3e4e57378766001a002565": "", + "5a3e4e57378766001a002566": "", + "5a3e4e57378766001a002567": "", + "5729506d6aef051400154cac": "Sheldon Ungar", + "5729506d6aef051400154cad": "varying regional cost-benefit analysis and burden-sharing conflicts with regard to the distribution of emission reductions", + "5729506d6aef051400154cae": "regional burden sharing conflicts", + "5729506d6aef051400154caf": "the UK government", + "5a3e5014378766001a002577": "Sheldon Ungar", + "5a3e5014378766001a002578": "", + "5a3e5014378766001a002579": "", + "5a3e5014378766001a00257a": "", + "5a3e5014378766001a00257b": "", + "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": "scientific papers and independently documented results from other scientific bodies", + "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": "any significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science", + "5729517d6aef051400154cca": "", + "5a3e51b6378766001a002581": "", + "5a3e51b6378766001a002582": "", + "5a3e51b6378766001a002584": "", + "5a3e51b6378766001a002585": "IPCC", + "572951f16aef051400154cce": "five", + "572951f16aef051400154ccf": "Nature", + "572951f16aef051400154cd0": "turning the whole climate science assessment process into a moderated \"living\" Wikipedia-IPCC", + "572951f16aef051400154cd1": "remove government oversight from its processes", + "5a3e539a378766001a00258b": "February 2010", + "5a3e539a378766001a00258c": "Nature", + "5a3e539a378766001a00258d": "", + "5a3e539a378766001a00258e": "", + "5a3e539a378766001a00258f": "turning the whole climate science assessment process into a moderated \"living\" Wikipedia-IPCC", + "57296d571d04691400779413": "", + "57296d571d04691400779414": "", + "57296d571d04691400779415": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57296d571d04691400779416": "primes", + "57296d571d04691400779417": "one can include arbitrarily many instances of 1 in any factorization", + "5a89117e19b91f001a626f2d": "", + "5a89117e19b91f001a626f2e": "", + "5a89117e19b91f001a626f2f": "", + "5a89117e19b91f001a626f30": "", + "5a89117e19b91f001a626f31": "one can include arbitrarily many instances of 1 in any factorization", + "57296f293f37b319004783a3": "primality", + "57296f293f37b319004783a4": "trial division", + "57296f293f37b319004783a5": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test", + "57296f293f37b319004783a6": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test", + "57296f293f37b319004783a7": "22,338,618 decimal digits", + "5a89128d3b2508001a72a494": "primality", + "5a89128d3b2508001a72a495": "", + "5a89128d3b2508001a72a496": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test", + "5a89128d3b2508001a72a497": "Miller\u2013Rabin primality test", + "5a89128d3b2508001a72a498": "", + "572970c11d04691400779463": "infinitely many primes", + "572970c11d04691400779464": "Euclid", + "572970c11d04691400779465": "statistical", + "572970c11d04691400779466": "prime number theorem", + "572970c11d04691400779467": "end of the 19th century", + "5a8913713b2508001a72a49e": "", + "5a8913713b2508001a72a49f": "", + "5a8913713b2508001a72a4a0": "", + "5a8913713b2508001a72a4a1": "", + "5a8913713b2508001a72a4a2": "", + "5729727baf94a219006aa437": "Goldbach's conjecture", + "5729727baf94a219006aa438": "the twin prime conjecture", + "5729727baf94a219006aa439": "algebraic", + "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": "public-key cryptography", + "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": "prime elements and prime ideals", + "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4a8": "Goldbach's conjecture", + "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4a9": "twin prime conjecture", + "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4aa": "algebraic", + "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4ab": "public-key cryptography", + "5a89150d3b2508001a72a4ac": "prime elements and prime ideals", + "572973f76aef051400154f0a": "2", + "572973f76aef051400154f0b": "", + "572973f76aef051400154f0c": "odd prime", + "572973f76aef051400154f0d": "9", + "572973f76aef051400154f0e": "even numbers", + "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b2": "2", + "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b3": "", + "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b4": "", + "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b5": "9", + "5a8917433b2508001a72a4b6": "", + "57297547af94a219006aa45b": "1", + "57297547af94a219006aa45c": "Christian Goldbach", + "57297547af94a219006aa45d": "Leonhard Euler", + "57297547af94a219006aa45e": "10,006,721", + "57297547af94a219006aa45f": "", + "5a8919843b2508001a72a4bc": "", + "5a8919843b2508001a72a4bd": "", + "5a8919843b2508001a72a4be": "", + "5a8919843b2508001a72a4bf": "", + "5a8919843b2508001a72a4c0": "", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": "Euclid's fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": "1 were considered a prime", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": "the sum of divisors function", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": "the sum of divisors function", + "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": "eliminate all multiples of 1 (that is, all other numbers) and produce as output only the single number 1", + "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c6": "Euclid's fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c7": "", + "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c8": "", + "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4c9": "the sum of divisors function", + "5a8923a23b2508001a72a4ca": "", + "572978f91d046914007794d3": "Rhind papyrus", + "572978f91d046914007794d4": "Ancient Greeks", + "572978f91d046914007794d5": "Euclid's Elements", + "572978f91d046914007794d6": "Euclid", + "572978f91d046914007794d7": "a simple method to compute primes", + "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d0": "", + "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d1": "Ancient Greeks", + "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d2": "", + "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d3": "Euclid", + "5a8925e53b2508001a72a4d4": "", + "57297a276aef051400154f88": "1640", + "57297a276aef051400154f89": "Euler", + "57297a276aef051400154f8a": "22n + 1", + "57297a276aef051400154f8b": "up to n = 4 (or 216 + 1)", + "57297a276aef051400154f8c": "2p \u2212 1", + "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4da": "", + "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4db": "", + "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4dc": "", + "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4dd": "", + "5a8929e43b2508001a72a4de": "", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": "trial division", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": "if a complete list of primes up to is known", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": "1", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": "the square root of n", + "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": "three", + "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e4": "trial division", + "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e5": "if a complete list of primes up to is known", + "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e6": "", + "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e7": "", + "5a892b473b2508001a72a4e8": "three", + "57297d421d046914007794e5": "two", + "57297d421d046914007794e6": "probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\")", + "57297d421d046914007794e7": "probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo\")", + "57297d421d046914007794e8": "deterministic", + "57297d421d046914007794e9": "1/(1-p)n", + "5a892d303b2508001a72a4ee": "two", + "5a892d303b2508001a72a4ef": "probabilistic (or \"Monte Carlo", + "5a892d303b2508001a72a4f0": "deterministic", + "5a892d303b2508001a72a4f1": "", + "5a892d303b2508001a72a4f2": "1/(1-p)n", + "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": "Fermat primality test", + "57297ed93f37b31900478460": "Fermat's little theorem) that np\u2261n (mod p) for any n if p is a prime number", + "57297ed93f37b31900478461": "composite numbers", + "57297ed93f37b31900478462": "Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Solovay-Strassen tests", + "57297ed93f37b31900478463": "the Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Solovay-Strassen tests", + "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4f8": "", + "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4f9": "", + "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4fa": "composite numbers", + "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4fb": "", + "5a892e8e3b2508001a72a4fc": "Baillie-PSW, Miller-Rabin, and Solovay-Strassen tests", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": "2p + 1 with p prime", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": "2p \u2212 1", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": "The Lucas\u2013Lehmer test", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": "Sophie Germain primes", + "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": "Sophie Germain primes", + "5a8930573b2508001a72a502": "", + "5a8930573b2508001a72a503": "", + "5a8930573b2508001a72a504": "The Lucas\u2013Lehmer test", + "5a8930573b2508001a72a505": "", + "5a8930573b2508001a72a506": "", + "572982e66aef051400154f92": "distributed computing", + "572982e66aef051400154f93": "", + "572982e66aef051400154f94": "US$100,000", + "572982e66aef051400154f95": "Electronic Frontier Foundation", + "572982e76aef051400154f96": "256kn + 1, 256k(n + 1) \u2212 1", + "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50c": "distributed computing", + "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50d": "", + "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50e": "", + "5a89320b3b2508001a72a50f": "", + "5a89320b3b2508001a72a510": "256kn + 1, 256k(n + 1) \u2212 1", + "572985011d04691400779501": "the floor function", + "572985011d04691400779502": "Chebyshev", + "572985011d04691400779503": "n > 3", + "572985011d04691400779504": "n < p < 2n \u2212 2", + "572985011d04691400779505": "Wilson's theorem", + "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a516": "", + "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a517": "Chebyshev", + "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a518": "n > 3", + "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a519": "", + "5a8933ed3b2508001a72a51a": "Wilson's theorem", + "572987e46aef051400154fa2": "Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions", + "572987e46aef051400154fa3": "Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions", + "572987e46aef051400154fa4": "1/6", + "572987e46aef051400154fa5": "one prime number", + "572987e46aef051400154fa6": "infinitely many prime numbers", + "5a89357c3b2508001a72a520": "", + "5a89357c3b2508001a72a521": "", + "5a89357c3b2508001a72a522": "", + "5a89357c3b2508001a72a523": "", + "5a89357c3b2508001a72a524": "", + "572989846aef051400154fc0": "The zeta function", + "572989846aef051400154fc1": "finite value", + "572989846aef051400154fc2": "diverges", + "572989846aef051400154fc3": "exceeds any given number", + "572989846aef051400154fc4": "algebraic number theory", + "5a8937553b2508001a72a52a": "", + "5a8937553b2508001a72a52b": "", + "5a8937553b2508001a72a52c": "diverges", + "5a8937553b2508001a72a52d": "", + "5a8937553b2508001a72a52e": "", + "57298ef11d0469140077952d": "1859", + "57298ef11d0469140077952e": "s = \u22122, \u22124, ...", + "57298ef11d0469140077952f": "random noise", + "57298ef11d04691400779530": "asymptotic", + "57298ef11d04691400779531": "asymptotic", + "5a89392f3b2508001a72a534": "", + "5a89392f3b2508001a72a535": "", + "5a89392f3b2508001a72a536": "random noise", + "5a89392f3b2508001a72a537": "asymptotic", + "5a89392f3b2508001a72a538": "", + "57299021af94a219006aa50b": "1912", + "57299021af94a219006aa50c": "Goldbach's conjecture", + "57299021af94a219006aa50d": "n = 2 \u00b7 1017", + "57299021af94a219006aa50e": "Vinogradov's theorem", + "57299021af94a219006aa50f": "Chen's theorem", + "5a893a003b2508001a72a53e": "", + "5a893a003b2508001a72a53f": "", + "5a893a003b2508001a72a540": "", + "5a893a003b2508001a72a541": "Chen's theorem", + "5a893a003b2508001a72a542": "", + "572991943f37b319004784a1": "Polignac's conjecture", + "572991943f37b319004784a2": "pairs of primes with difference 2", + "572991943f37b319004784a3": "Polignac's conjecture", + "572991943f37b319004784a4": "n2 + 1", + "572991943f37b319004784a5": "H. Brocard's conjecture", + "5a893bd73b2508001a72a548": "", + "5a893bd73b2508001a72a549": "", + "5a893bd73b2508001a72a54a": "", + "5a893bd73b2508001a72a54b": "", + "5a893bd73b2508001a72a54c": "", + "57299326af94a219006aa515": "number theory", + "57299326af94a219006aa516": "G. H. Hardy", + "57299326af94a219006aa517": "1970s", + "57299326af94a219006aa518": "hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", + "57299326af94a219006aa519": "pseudorandom", + "5a893ce63b2508001a72a552": "", + "5a893ce63b2508001a72a553": "G. H. Hardy", + "5a893ce63b2508001a72a554": "the 1970s", + "5a893ce63b2508001a72a555": "", + "5a893ce63b2508001a72a556": "", + "572995d46aef051400154fe8": "recurring decimal", + "572995d46aef051400154fe9": "p \u2212 1", + "572995d46aef051400154fea": "(p \u2212 1)! + 1", + "572995d46aef051400154feb": "(n \u2212 1)!", + "572995d46aef051400154fec": "p to be prime", + "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55c": "recurring decimal", + "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55d": "", + "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55e": "(p \u2212 1)! + 1", + "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a55f": "(n \u2212 1)!", + "5a8940ba3b2508001a72a560": "Giuga's conjecture", + "572996c73f37b319004784b3": "RSA", + "572996c73f37b319004784b4": "RSA", + "572996c73f37b319004784b5": "512", + "572996c73f37b319004784b6": "modular", + "572996c73f37b319004784b7": "1024", + "5a8942233b2508001a72a566": "", + "5a8942233b2508001a72a567": "", + "5a8942233b2508001a72a568": "", + "5a8942233b2508001a72a569": "", + "5a8942233b2508001a72a56a": "1024", + "572998673f37b319004784d5": "cicadas", + "572998673f37b319004784d6": "underground", + "572998673f37b319004784d7": "17", + "572998673f37b319004784d8": "prime number intervals between emergences make it very difficult for predators to evolve", + "572998673f37b319004784d9": "2%", + "5a8943753b2508001a72a570": "cicadas", + "5a8943753b2508001a72a571": "underground", + "5a8943753b2508001a72a572": "17 years", + "5a8943753b2508001a72a573": "", + "5a8943753b2508001a72a574": "2%", + "57299a6f6aef051400155016": "minimality or indecomposability", + "57299a6f6aef051400155017": "the smallest subfield", + "57299a6f6aef051400155018": "it cannot be written as the knot sum of two nontrivial knots", + "57299a6f6aef051400155019": "as a connected sum of prime knots", + "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": "that any object can be, essentially uniquely, decomposed into its prime components", + "5a8944653b2508001a72a57a": "", + "5a8944653b2508001a72a57b": "the smallest subfield of a field F containing both 0 and 1. It is either Q or the finite field with p elements", + "5a8944653b2508001a72a57c": "", + "5a8944653b2508001a72a57d": "Any knot can be uniquely expressed as a connected sum of prime knots", + "5a8944653b2508001a72a57e": "", + "57299c2c6aef051400155020": "commutative ring R", + "57299c2c6aef051400155021": "prime elements", + "57299c2c6aef051400155022": "prime elements and irreducible elements", + "57299c2c6aef051400155023": "given x and y in R such that p divides the product xy, then p divides x or y", + "57299c2c6aef051400155024": "if it is not a unit and cannot be written as a product of two ring elements that are not units", + "5a8945a43b2508001a72a584": "commutative ring R", + "5a8945a43b2508001a72a585": "", + "5a8945a43b2508001a72a586": "", + "5a8945a43b2508001a72a587": "given x and y in R such that p divides the product xy, then p divides x or y.", + "5a8945a43b2508001a72a588": "", + "57299d1c1d04691400779581": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57299d1c1d04691400779582": "Gaussian integers Z[i]", + "57299d1c1d04691400779583": "a + bi", + "57299d1c1d04691400779584": "", + "57299d1c1d04691400779585": "4k + 3", + "5a89464f3b2508001a72a58e": "", + "5a89464f3b2508001a72a58f": "", + "5a89464f3b2508001a72a590": "", + "5a89464f3b2508001a72a591": "arbitrary integers", + "5a89464f3b2508001a72a592": "", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": "ring theory", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": "Prime ideals", + "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": "algebraic", + "57299ec43f37b31900478510": "The fundamental theorem of arithmetic", + "57299ec43f37b31900478511": "Noetherian", + "5a89473c3b2508001a72a598": "", + "5a89473c3b2508001a72a599": "", + "5a89473c3b2508001a72a59a": "", + "5a89473c3b2508001a72a59b": "", + "5a89473c3b2508001a72a59c": "", + "5729a03f1d04691400779593": "Prime ideals", + "5729a03f1d04691400779594": "ramification in geometry", + "5729a03f1d04691400779595": "ring of integers of quadratic number fields", + "5729a03f1d04691400779596": "the solvability of quadratic equations", + "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a2": "", + "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a3": "", + "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a4": "", + "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a5": "", + "5a8949463b2508001a72a5a6": "", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": "gets smaller", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": "completed (or local) fields", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": "absolute value", + "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": "local-global principle", + "5a894a483b2508001a72a5ac": "", + "5a894a483b2508001a72a5ad": "completed (or local) fields", + "5a894a483b2508001a72a5ae": "", + "5a894a483b2508001a72a5af": "", + "5a894a483b2508001a72a5b0": "", + "5729a3716aef05140015506a": "Olivier Messiaen", + "5729a3716aef05140015506b": "La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur", + "5729a3716aef05140015506c": "Quatre \u00e9tudes de rythme", + "5729a3716aef05140015506d": "the third", + "5729a3716aef05140015506e": "the movements of nature", + "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b6": "Olivier Messiaen", + "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b7": "", + "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b8": "", + "5a894b333b2508001a72a5b9": "", + "5a894b333b2508001a72a5ba": "", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": "the North Sea", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": "Cologne", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": "Danube", + "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": "1,230 km (760 mi)", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": "Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden in the southeastern Swiss Alps", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": "the North Sea in the Netherlands", + "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": "1,230 km (760 mi)", + "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f12": "", + "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f13": "", + "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f14": "", + "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f15": "", + "5ad25e17d7d075001a428f16": "", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": "Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": "Rhin", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": "*R\u012bnaz", + "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": "1st century BC", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": "Gaulish name R\u0113nos", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": "Rhin", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": "*R\u012bnaz", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": "Rijn", + "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": "Rhijn", + "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290dc": "", + "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290dd": "", + "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290de": "", + "5ad262fbd7d075001a4290df": "", + "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer)", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": "1939", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": "the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": "Hoek van Holland", + "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "canalisation projects", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "Rhine-kilometers", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": "1939", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": "the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": "Hoek van Holland", + "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": "due to number of canalisation projects completed in the 19th and 20th century", + "5ad2649ad7d075001a429160": "0 km", + "5ad2649ad7d075001a429161": "", + "5ad2649ad7d075001a429162": "", + "5ad2649ad7d075001a429163": "", + "5ad2649ad7d075001a429164": "", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": "north", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": "nearly 86 km", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": "Rhine Valley", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": "", + "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": "Liechtenstein", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": "near Chur", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": "nearly 86 km", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": "599 m", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": "Rhine Valley", + "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": "", + "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291d8": "", + "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291d9": "", + "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291da": "", + "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291db": "", + "5ad2660dd7d075001a4291dc": "", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": "Lake Constance", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": "Alter Rhein", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": "a modern canalized section", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": "Isel\"", + "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": "Lake Constance", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": "a modern canalized section", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": "Alter Rhein", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": "", + "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "", + "5ad268a9d7d075001a42927e": "The mouth of the Rhine", + "5ad268a9d7d075001a42927f": "", + "5ad268a9d7d075001a429280": "", + "5ad268a9d7d075001a429281": "", + "5ad268a9d7d075001a429282": "", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": "near Diepoldsau", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": "Fu\u00dfach", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": "sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": "parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake", + "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": "", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": "Fu\u00dfach", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": "Diepoldsau", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": "to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine Delta", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": "The Dornbirner Ach", + "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": "continuous input of sediment", + "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429320": "", + "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429321": "", + "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429322": "", + "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429323": "", + "5ad26aa8d7d075001a429324": "", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": "three", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": "the Seerhein", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "upper lake", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "lower lake", + "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "Swiss-Austrian", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": "three", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": "Austria", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "the Alps", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": "", + "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": "", + "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c0": "", + "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c1": "", + "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c2": "", + "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c3": "", + "5ad26d27d7d075001a4293c4": "three", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": "greater density of cold water", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": "", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": "Lindau", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": "Lake \u00dcberlingen", + "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": "", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": "", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": "Lindau", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": "Lake \u00dcberlingen", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": "Rhine Gutter", + "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": "the water level", + "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942c": "", + "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942d": "Rhine Gutter", + "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942e": "Rhine water", + "5ad26fafd7d075001a42942f": "", + "5ad26fafd7d075001a429430": "", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": "westward", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": "river Aare", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s)", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": "Finsteraarhorn", + "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": "Basel", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "generally westward", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": "river Aare", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": "1,000 m3/s (35,000 cu ft/s)", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": "Finsteraarhorn", + "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": "German", + "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d4": "river Aare", + "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d5": "", + "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d6": "", + "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d7": "", + "5ad2741ed7d075001a4294d8": "", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": "Basel", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "Rhine knee", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": "the Central Bridge", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": "300 km long", + "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": "40 km", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": "Basel", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "Rhine knee", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": "North", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": "the High Rhine", + "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": "", + "5ad275c8d7d075001a429504": "", + "5ad275c8d7d075001a429505": "High Rhine", + "5ad275c8d7d075001a429506": "", + "5ad275c8d7d075001a429507": "", + "5ad275c8d7d075001a429508": "", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "19th", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": "The rate of flow was increased", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": "the ground water level fell significantly", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": "Grand Canal d'Alsace", + "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "large compensation pools", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": "Upper Rhine", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "19th Century", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": "The rate of flow was increased and the ground water level fell significantly", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": "fell significantly", + "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": "Grand Canal d'Alsace", + "5ad278add7d075001a429572": "", + "5ad278add7d075001a429573": "", + "5ad278add7d075001a429574": "", + "5ad278add7d075001a429575": "", + "5ad278add7d075001a429576": "", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": "The Rhine", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": "", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": "300 m3/s", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": "Moselle", + "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "400 m", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": "Germany", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": "Germany", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": "the Moselle", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": "", + "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": "2,290 m3/s (81,000 cu ft/s)", + "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962a": "", + "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962b": "", + "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962c": "", + "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962d": "", + "5ad27abcd7d075001a42962e": "", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": "the Middle Rhine", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": "the Rhine Gorge", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": "erosion", + "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": "the Romantic Rhine", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": "the Middle Rhine", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": "the Rhine Gorge", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": "many castles and vineyards", + "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": "the Romantic Rhine", + "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296bc": "", + "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296bd": "", + "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296be": "", + "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296bf": "", + "5ad27d5dd7d075001a4296c0": "", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": "industry", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": "Lower Rhine", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": "Duisburg", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": "The Ruhr", + "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": "drinking water", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": "a major source of water pollution", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": "Lower Rhine", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": "", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": "Duisburg", + "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": "The Ruhr", + "5ad27f33d7d075001a429752": "", + "5ad27f33d7d075001a429753": "", + "5ad27f33d7d075001a429754": "", + "5ad27f33d7d075001a429755": "", + "5ad27f33d7d075001a429756": "", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": "tourism", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": "Lorelei", + "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": "the Middle Rhine Valley", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": "tourism", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": "a UNESCO World Heritage Site", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": "R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": "Lorelei", + "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": "Near Sankt Goarshausen", + "5ad28098d7d075001a4297b8": "", + "5ad28098d7d075001a4297b9": "", + "5ad28098d7d075001a4297ba": "", + "5ad28098d7d075001a4297bb": "Lorelei", + "5ad28098d7d075001a4297bc": "settlements crowded on the narrow river banks", + "572f7588947a6a140053c984": "", + "572f7588947a6a140053c985": "Wesel-Datteln Canal", + "572f7588947a6a140053c986": "the Lippe", + "572f7588947a6a140053c987": "the Emmerich Rhine Bridge", + "572f7588947a6a140053c988": "400 m", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": "The Lower Rhine", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": "the Rhine-Ruhr region", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "Duisport", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": "the Emmerich Rhine Bridge", + "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": "", + "5ad28253d7d075001a429832": "", + "5ad28253d7d075001a429833": "", + "5ad28253d7d075001a429834": "", + "5ad28253d7d075001a429835": "", + "5ad28253d7d075001a429836": "", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": "Rijn", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": "the Meuse", + "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": "Two thirds", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": "", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": "through the Waal", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": "the Meuse", + "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": "The Oude Maas", + "5ad2852ad7d075001a429892": "", + "5ad2852ad7d075001a429893": "through the Waal", + "5ad2852ad7d075001a429894": "", + "5ad2852ad7d075001a429895": "", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": "", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": "", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": "the Lek", + "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": "the Noord River", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": "Pannerdens Kanaal", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": "Nederrijn", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": "one ninth", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": "the Lek", + "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": "Wijk bij Duurstede", + "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f6": "", + "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f7": "", + "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f8": "", + "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298f9": "", + "5ad286b4d7d075001a4298fa": "", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": "", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": "draining the surrounding land and polders", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": "Oude Rijn", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": "Oude Rijn", + "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": "Oude Rijn", + "5ad28861d7d075001a42993e": "", + "5ad28861d7d075001a42993f": "", + "5ad28861d7d075001a429940": "", + "5ad28861d7d075001a429941": "", + "5ad28861d7d075001a429942": "ice ages", + "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": "The Rhine-Meuse Delta", + "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": "near Millingen aan de Rijn", + "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": "Rhine-Meuse delta", + "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a6": "", + "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a7": "", + "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a8": "", + "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299a9": "", + "5ad28a54d7d075001a4299aa": "the Scheldt", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": "Nederrijn at Angeren", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": "three", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": "Boven Merwede", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": "the Rip", + "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "Old Meuse", + "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a0e": "", + "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a0f": "", + "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a10": "", + "5ad28c93d7d075001a429a11": "", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "St. Elizabeth's flood", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "1421", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "just south of today's line Merwede-Oude Maas to the North Sea", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "", + "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "1421 to 1904", + "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a50": "", + "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a51": "", + "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a52": "1421", + "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a53": "", + "5ad28ea7d7d075001a429a54": "", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": "dammed", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": "drainage channels", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": "construction of Delta Works", + "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "second half of the 20th Century", + "5ad2909bd7d075001a429a9e": "", + "5ad2909bd7d075001a429a9f": "", + "5ad2909bd7d075001a429aa0": "", + "5ad2909bd7d075001a429aa1": "", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": "tidal", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": "", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": "tear huge areas of land into the sea", + "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": "Zaltbommel", + "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad4": "", + "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad5": "", + "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad6": "", + "5ad292f0d7d075001a429ad7": "", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": "Tethys sea", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": "Triassic", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": "Jurassic Period", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": "Mediterranean geography", + "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": "Iberia", + "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afa": "", + "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afb": "Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era", + "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afc": "", + "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afd": "", + "5ad295d4d7d075001a429afe": "", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": "N\u2013S rift system", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": "", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": "Miocene", + "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": "Rhone", + "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2a": "", + "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2b": "", + "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2c": "", + "5ad297dbd7d075001a429b2d": "", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": "Through stream capture", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": "Pliocene", + "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": "down to the Vosges Mountains", + "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b5e": "", + "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b5f": "", + "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b60": "", + "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b61": "", + "5ad2990cd7d075001a429b62": "", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "Ice Ages", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": "six", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": "120 m (390 ft)", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": "northwest", + "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": "Brest, France", + "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bca": "11,600 years ago", + "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bcb": "", + "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bcc": "", + "5ad29b43d7d075001a429bcd": "", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": "~74,000", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP)", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": "southwest", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": "120 m", + "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": "", + "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c12": "", + "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c13": "end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP)", + "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c14": "", + "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c15": "120 m (390 ft)", + "5ad29d35d7d075001a429c16": "120 m (390 ft)", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": "a glacier", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": "A tundra", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": "ca. 22,000\u201314,000 yr BP", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": "ice-sheets", + "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": "loess", + "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c72": "a glacier", + "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c73": "", + "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c74": "", + "5ad29f7ed7d075001a429c75": "", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": "22,000 years ago", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": "thaw", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": "the Rhine and its downstream extension", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": "about 13,000 BP", + "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": "By 9000 BP", + "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429cc8": "", + "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429cc9": "", + "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429cca": "", + "5ad2a15ad7d075001a429ccb": "", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": "7500 yr ago", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": "Rates of sea-level rise", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "7000 years", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": "due to ongoing tectonic subsidence", + "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": "1\u20133 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century", + "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5a": "", + "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5b": "", + "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5c": "", + "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5d": "", + "5ad2a3b3d7d075001a429d5e": "", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": "~11,700 years ago", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": "Late-Glacial valley", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": "", + "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": "~8,000 years ago", + "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dcc": "", + "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dcd": "", + "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dce": "", + "5ad2a58bd7d075001a429dcf": "", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": "~3000 yr BP (= years Before Present)", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "sediment load", + "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": "flooding", + "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": "80", + "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": "11\u201313th century AD", + "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e02": "~3000 yr BP", + "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e03": "", + "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e04": "", + "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e05": "", + "5ad2a71ad7d075001a429e06": "", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": "the North Sea", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": "the North Sea", + "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": "to the north", + "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": "freshwater lake", + "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": "three", + "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e28": "", + "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e29": "", + "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e2a": "", + "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e2b": "", + "5ad2a901d7d075001a429e2c": "", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": "1st century BC", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": "Germania", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": "6th century BC", + "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": "Herodotus", + "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1a": "", + "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1b": "", + "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1c": "", + "5ad2afe2d7d075001a429f1d": "8.727", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": "AD 14", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": "Danube", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": "the empire fell", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": "easily", + "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": "eastwards", + "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f68": "", + "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f69": "Frankfurt", + "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f6a": "", + "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f6b": "after AD 70", + "5ad2b1e1d7d075001a429f6c": "", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": "eight", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": "whether a state or threat of war", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": "army of Germania Inferior", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": "oppidum Ubiorum", + "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "oppidum Ubiorum", + "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa4": "", + "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa5": "AD 14 and 180", + "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa6": "two", + "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa7": "Galatian", + "5ad2b3bcd7d075001a429fa8": "XX Valeria", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": "Migration period", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": "kingdoms of Francia", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": "dragons rock", + "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": "Siegfried", + "57300911947a6a140053cfba": "Hagen", + "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff2": "", + "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff3": "", + "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff4": "", + "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff5": "", + "5ad2b5ddd7d075001a429ff6": "", + "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": "6th century", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": "10th century", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": "Lower Lorraine", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": "Archduke Sigismund of Austria", + "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": "1469", + "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a022": "", + "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a023": "", + "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a024": "", + "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a025": "", + "5ad2b72fd7d075001a42a026": "", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": "the Peace of Westphalia", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": "Establishing \"natural borders\"", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": "Napoleon", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": "1806", + "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": "1840", + "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a040": "", + "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a041": "", + "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a042": "", + "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a043": "", + "5ad2b882d7d075001a42a044": "", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "At the end of World War I", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": "1930", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": "the German army", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": "helping Adolf Hitler's rise to power", + "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": "1936", + "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a064": "", + "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a065": "", + "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a066": "", + "5ad2ba09d7d075001a42a067": "", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": "at Arnhem", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": "formidable natural obstacle", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": "September 1944", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": "the Ludendorff Bridge", + "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": "Seven Days to the River Rhine", + "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a080": "World War II", + "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a081": "1944", + "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a082": "", + "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a083": "", + "5ad2bb5fd7d075001a42a084": "", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": "1,230 kilometres", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": "", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "", + "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": "a typographical error", + "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": "", + "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0ae": "", + "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0af": "", + "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0b0": "", + "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0b1": "", + "5ad2bcdfd7d075001a42a0b2": "", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": "1998", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": "Scotland Act 1998", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": "the areas in which it can make laws", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": "Parliament of the United Kingdom", + "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": "Westminster", + "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0c": "", + "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0d": "", + "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0e": "", + "5ad0213377cf76001a686b0f": "", + "5ad0213377cf76001a686b10": "", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": "the lack of a Parliament of Scotland", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": "three", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": "the outbreak of the First World War", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": "late 1960s", + "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": "a directly elected Scottish Assembly", + "5ad0225377cf76001a686b3e": "", + "5ad0225377cf76001a686b3f": "", + "5ad0225377cf76001a686b40": "", + "5ad0225377cf76001a686b41": "", + "5ad0225377cf76001a686b42": "", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": "North Sea", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": "", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": "the revenues from the oil were not benefitting Scotland as much as they should", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": "1974", + "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": "1978", + "5ad0247477cf76001a686b90": "", + "5ad0247477cf76001a686b91": "", + "5ad0247477cf76001a686b92": "", + "5ad0247477cf76001a686b93": "", + "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": "Edinburgh", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": "40%", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": "failed", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": "51.6%", + "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": "32.9%", + "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba2": "", + "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba3": "", + "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba4": "", + "5ad025df77cf76001a686ba5": "", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": "a Scottish Parliament", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": "the Conservative Party", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": "1989", + "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": "blueprint for devolution", + "5ad026a777cf76001a686bc8": "", + "5ad026a777cf76001a686bc9": "", + "5ad026a777cf76001a686bca": "", + "5ad026a777cf76001a686bcb": "", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": "a new Scottish Parliament Building, in the Holyrood area of Edinburgh", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": "Enric Miralles", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": "Spanish", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": "leaf-shaped", + "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": "Queen Elizabeth II", + "5ad0278077cf76001a686be4": "", + "5ad0278077cf76001a686be5": "", + "5ad0278077cf76001a686be6": "", + "5ad0278077cf76001a686be7": "", + "5ad0278077cf76001a686be8": "", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": "General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": "the courtyard adjoining the Assembly Hall", + "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": "meeting of the Church's General Assembly", + "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": "Strathclyde Regional Council debating chamber in Glasgow", + "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": "University of Aberdeen", + "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0c": "", + "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0d": "", + "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0e": "", + "5ad0285977cf76001a686c0f": "", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": "City of Edinburgh Council", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": "Lothian Regional Council", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": "demolished", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": "Parliament Square, High Street and George IV Bridge", + "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": "the main hall", + "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c28": "", + "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c29": "", + "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c2a": "", + "5ad0291f77cf76001a686c2b": "", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": "one MSP", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": "Tricia Marwick", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": "secret ballot", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": "129", + "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": "A vote clerk", + "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c5e": "deputies", + "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c5f": "", + "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c60": "A vote clerk", + "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c61": "", + "5ad02a9777cf76001a686c62": "", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": "the Presiding Officer", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": "Convening the Parliamentary Bureau", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": "five or more", + "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": "The Presiding Officer", + "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca2": "Parliamentary Bureau", + "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca3": "", + "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca4": "", + "5ad02bef77cf76001a686ca5": "", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": "in a hemicycle", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": "to encourage consensus amongst elected members", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": "131", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": "129 are occupied by the Parliament's elected MSPs and 2 are seats for the Scottish Law Officers", + "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": "", + "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce2": "", + "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce3": "", + "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce4": "", + "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce5": "", + "5ad02cfc77cf76001a686ce6": "", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": "silver", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": "Scottish rivers", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": "Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": "the Queen", + "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": "a glass case", + "5ad02de677cf76001a686d1e": "", + "5ad02de677cf76001a686d1f": "", + "5ad02de677cf76001a686d20": "", + "5ad02de677cf76001a686d21": "", + "5ad02de677cf76001a686d22": "", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": "April", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": "in the debating chamber", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": "the public", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": "free", + "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": "the Official Report", + "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d44": "", + "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d45": "", + "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d46": "", + "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d47": "", + "5ad02e6777cf76001a686d48": "", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": "Wednesdays", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": "up to four minutes", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": "religious beliefs", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": "the Presiding Officer on the advice of the parliamentary bureau", + "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": "nominate speakers", + "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d72": "", + "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d73": "", + "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d74": "", + "5ad02f4977cf76001a686d75": "the Presiding Officer", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": "The Presiding Officer", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": "who speaks in chamber debates and the amount of time for which they are allowed to speak", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": "different viewpoints and political parties", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": "", + "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": "Gaelic", + "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d98": "", + "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d99": "", + "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d9a": "", + "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d9b": "", + "5ad02fdf77cf76001a686d9c": "", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": "5 pm", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": "Decision Time\"", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": "vote", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": "by means of electronic consoles on their desks", + "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": "seconds", + "5ad0309377cf76001a686dbe": "", + "5ad0309377cf76001a686dbf": "", + "5ad0309377cf76001a686dc0": "Decision Time", + "5ad0309377cf76001a686dc1": "", + "5ad0309377cf76001a686dc2": "", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": "The outcome of most votes", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": "political parties", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": "MSPs, known as whips", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": "", + "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": "moral issues", + "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd2": "", + "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd3": "", + "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd4": "", + "5ad0313b77cf76001a686dd5": "", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": "Immediately after Decision Time", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": "45 minutes", + "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": "would otherwise not be accorded official parliamentary time", + "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": "", + "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": "winds up\" the debate", + "5ad031cf77cf76001a686dea": "", + "5ad031cf77cf76001a686deb": "", + "5ad031cf77cf76001a686dec": "", + "5ad031cf77cf76001a686ded": "Members Business", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": "in committee", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": "The role of committees is stronger", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": "no revising chamber", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": "", + "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": "", + "5ad0327377cf76001a686e04": "", + "5ad0327377cf76001a686e05": "", + "5ad0327377cf76001a686e06": "", + "5ad0327377cf76001a686e07": "", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": "a small number of MSPs", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": "the balance of parties across Parliament", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": "their functions", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "", + "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "", + "5ad0392577cf76001a686e4e": "", + "5ad0392577cf76001a686e4f": "", + "5ad0392577cf76001a686e50": "", + "5ad0392577cf76001a686e51": "", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": "at the beginning of each parliamentary session", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": "one (or more)", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": "Subject Committees", + "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": "", + "5ad039be77cf76001a686e5e": "", + "5ad039be77cf76001a686e5f": "", + "5ad039be77cf76001a686e60": "", + "5ad039be77cf76001a686e61": "", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": "", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": "large-scale development projects such as infrastructure projects that require the use of land or property", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": "", + "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": "Private Bill Committees", + "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e88": "", + "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e89": "", + "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e8a": "", + "5ad03aa977cf76001a686e8b": "", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": "The Scotland Act 1998", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": "Queen Elizabeth II", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": "devolved competencies", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": "Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster", + "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": "Parliament", + "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e98": "", + "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e99": "", + "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e9a": "", + "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e9b": "", + "5ad03b2777cf76001a686e9c": "", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": "Schedule 5", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": "the Scottish Parliament", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": "", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": "", + "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": "2012 Act", + "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb4": "", + "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb5": "", + "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb6": "", + "5ad03c2977cf76001a686eb7": "", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": "Reserved matters", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": "", + "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": "", + "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "", + "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec4": "", + "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec5": "", + "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec6": "", + "5ad03cd377cf76001a686ec7": "", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": "Bills", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": "the Scottish Government", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": "a private member", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": "an outside proposer", + "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": "in a number of stages", + "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed4": "", + "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed5": "", + "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed6": "", + "5ad03e5077cf76001a686ed7": "", + "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": "introductory stage", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": "Explanatory Notes, a Policy Memorandum setting out the policy underlying the bill, and a Financial Memorandum setting out the costs and savings associated with it", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": "whether the bill is within the legislative competence of the Parliament", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": "in the relevant committee or committees", + "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": "Stage 2", + "5ad03efa77cf76001a686edc": "", + "5ad03efa77cf76001a686edd": "", + "5ad03efa77cf76001a686ede": "", + "5ad03efa77cf76001a686edf": "", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "Stage 3", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": "two parts", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": "final vote", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "wrecking amendments", + "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": "at Decision Time", + "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee4": "", + "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee5": "", + "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee6": "", + "5ad03f8077cf76001a686ee7": "", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": "the Monarch", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": "", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": "4-week period", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": "Supreme Court of the United Kingdom", + "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": "\"The Bill for this Act of the Scottish Parliament was passed by the Parliament on [Date] and received royal assent on [Date]", + "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eec": "", + "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eed": "", + "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eee": "", + "5ad0403c77cf76001a686eef": "", + "5ad0403c77cf76001a686ef0": "", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": "", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": "a First Minister", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": "Any member", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": "elected MSPs", + "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": "the Sovereign", + "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef6": "", + "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef7": "", + "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef8": "", + "5ad040d977cf76001a686ef9": "", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": "first Thursday in May", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": "first Thursday in May", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": "", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": "28 days", + "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": "supplant it", + "5ad0415577cf76001a686f04": "", + "5ad0415577cf76001a686f05": "", + "5ad0415577cf76001a686f06": "", + "5ad0415577cf76001a686f07": "", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": "Several procedures", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": "MSPs", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": "a statement to the chamber setting out the Government's legislative programme for the forthcoming year", + "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": "issues related to the substance of the statement", + "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0c": "", + "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0d": "", + "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0e": "the First Minister", + "5ad041c477cf76001a686f0f": "", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "Parliamentary time", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": "Thursday", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "any member of the Scottish Government", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "issues under their jurisdiction", + "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": "four", + "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1c": "", + "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1d": "", + "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1e": "", + "5ad0426c77cf76001a686f1f": "Opposition leaders", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": "129", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": "one", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": "2005", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": "55,000", + "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": "their dispersed population and distance from the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh", + "5ad0431077cf76001a686f2e": "", + "5ad0431077cf76001a686f2f": "", + "5ad0431077cf76001a686f30": "", + "5ad0431077cf76001a686f31": "", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": "proportionally to the number of votes received in the second vote of the ballot using the d'Hondt method", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": "d'Hondt method", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": "quotient", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": "constituency seats", + "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": "iteratively", + "5ad043a977cf76001a686f36": "", + "5ad043a977cf76001a686f37": "", + "5ad043a977cf76001a686f38": "", + "5ad043a977cf76001a686f39": "", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": "a number of qualifications", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": "1981", + "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": "18", + "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": "", + "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": "Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003", + "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f48": "", + "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f49": "", + "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f4a": "", + "5ad0440a77cf76001a686f4b": "", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "the first time in the Scottish Parliament where a party has commanded a parliamentary majority", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": "Labour", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": "151 votes", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": "eight", + "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": "Scottish independence", + "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f50": "16", + "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f51": "", + "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f52": "", + "5ad0447f77cf76001a686f53": "", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": "the Conservatives", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": "Edinburgh Pentlands", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": "five seats", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": "Annabel Goldie", + "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": "", + "5ad044f977cf76001a686f60": "", + "5ad044f977cf76001a686f61": "", + "5ad044f977cf76001a686f62": "", + "5ad044f977cf76001a686f63": "", + "5ad044f977cf76001a686f64": "", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": "able to vote on domestic legislation", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": "domestic legislation of the Scottish Parliament", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": "the West Lothian question", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": "Conservative", + "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": "England", + "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6a": "", + "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6b": "", + "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6c": "", + "5ad0457b77cf76001a686f6d": "", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": "Islamism", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": "all spheres", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": "the reordering of government and society in accordance with the Shari'a", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": "two poles", + "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": "revolution or invasion", + "5acfe40a77cf76001a686390": "", + "5acfe40a77cf76001a686391": "", + "5acfe40a77cf76001a686392": "", + "5acfe40a77cf76001a686393": "", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": "democratic", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": "Palestine", + "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": "abolish the state of Israel", + "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": "democracy", + "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": "religious", + "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863ac": "", + "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863ad": "", + "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863ae": "", + "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863af": "", + "5acfe5ce77cf76001a6863b0": "", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "major division", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "Sunni pan-Islamism", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "sharia rather than the building of Islamic institutions,\"", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": "democracy", + "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": "to maintain their legitimacy", + "5acfe69177cf76001a6863be": "", + "5acfe69177cf76001a6863bf": "", + "5acfe69177cf76001a6863c0": "", + "5acfe69177cf76001a6863c1": "", + "5acfe69177cf76001a6863c2": "", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": "political", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": "Islam", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": "", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": "illiberal Islamic regimes", + "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": "religion from politics", + "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863c8": "", + "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863c9": "", + "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863ca": "", + "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863cb": "illiberal Islamic regimes", + "5acfe6eb77cf76001a6863cc": "", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": "Islamism", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": "Americans", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": "a historical fluke of the \"short-lived era of the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": "between 1945 and 1970", + "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": "quietist/non-political Islam", + "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d2": "", + "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d3": "", + "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d4": "", + "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d5": "between 1945 and 1970", + "5acfe73c77cf76001a6863d6": "quietist/non-political Islam", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": "1970s", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": "dangerous enemies", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": "leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition", + "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": "mujahideen Muslim Afghanistan", + "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": "experience, ideology, and weapons", + "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e6": "", + "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e7": "", + "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e8": "leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/opposition", + "5acfe78477cf76001a6863e9": "", + "5acfe78477cf76001a6863ea": "", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": "Anwar Sadat", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": "peace", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": "leftists", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": "1975", + "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": "released Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles", + "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f0": "", + "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f1": "", + "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f2": "", + "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f3": "", + "5acfe80877cf76001a6863f4": "released Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles in tacit exchange for political support", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": "conservative", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": "\"hate them for their religion ...", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": "wars", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": "infidels", + "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "Saudi", + "5acfe84677cf76001a686404": "", + "5acfe84677cf76001a686405": "", + "5acfe84677cf76001a686406": "", + "5acfe84677cf76001a686407": "infidels", + "5acfe84677cf76001a686408": "", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "Islamist", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": "housing", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": "to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": "incompetent, inefficient, or neglectful", + "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "rhetoric", + "5acfe89777cf76001a68640e": "", + "5acfe89777cf76001a68640f": "", + "5acfe89777cf76001a686410": "", + "5acfe89777cf76001a686411": "", + "5acfe89777cf76001a686412": "", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": "law and philosophy", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": "All India Muslim League", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": "1908", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": "Indian nationalist and secularist Indian National Congress", + "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam", + "5acfe8e777cf76001a686422": "", + "5acfe8e777cf76001a686423": "", + "5acfe8e777cf76001a686424": "", + "5acfe8e777cf76001a686425": "", + "5acfe8e777cf76001a686426": "", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": "secularism and secular nationalism", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": "crowd out", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": "nationalist differences", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": "1930", + "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": "the Pakistan movement", + "5acfe91c77cf76001a686436": "", + "5acfe91c77cf76001a686437": "", + "5acfe91c77cf76001a686438": "", + "5acfe91c77cf76001a686439": "", + "5acfe91c77cf76001a68643a": "", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": "journalism", + "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": "1941", + "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi", + "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": "journalism", + "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": "writing", + "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": "in a modern context", + "5acfe95877cf76001a686440": "", + "5acfe95877cf76001a686441": "Islam", + "5acfe95877cf76001a686442": "1972", + "5acfe95877cf76001a686443": "", + "5acfe95877cf76001a686444": "", + "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": "Sharia", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": "an Islamic state", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": "unity of God", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "Islamic revolution", + "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": "educational process or da'wah", + "5acfe99177cf76001a686454": "Sharia", + "5acfe99177cf76001a686455": "", + "5acfe99177cf76001a686456": "", + "5acfe99177cf76001a686457": "", + "5acfe99177cf76001a686458": "", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "1928", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": "Ismailiyah, Egypt", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": "Hassan al Banna", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": "the Qur'an", + "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": "imperialist", + "5acfe9d477cf76001a68645e": "", + "5acfe9d477cf76001a68645f": "", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": "violence", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": "1949", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": "Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqrashi", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": "1948", + "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": "Gamal Abdul Nasser", + "5acfea0677cf76001a686462": "violence", + "5acfea0677cf76001a686463": "", + "5acfea0677cf76001a686464": "", + "5acfea0677cf76001a686465": "", + "5acfea0677cf76001a686466": "Gamal Abdul Nasser", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": "one of the most influential movements", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "semi-legal\"", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": "field candidates", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "75%", + "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": "Mohamed Morsi", + "5acfea4977cf76001a686476": "", + "5acfea4977cf76001a686477": "semi-legal\"", + "5acfea4977cf76001a686478": "field candidates", + "5acfea4977cf76001a686479": "75%", + "5acfea4977cf76001a68647a": "", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": "quick and decisive", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": "a pivotal event", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": "economic", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": "A steep and steady decline", + "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": "different democratic and anti-democratic Islamist movements", + "5acfea9277cf76001a68648a": "", + "5acfea9277cf76001a68648b": "", + "5acfea9277cf76001a68648c": "", + "5acfea9277cf76001a68648d": "", + "5acfea9277cf76001a68648e": "popularity and credibility of secular, socialist and nationalist politics", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": "Ali Shariati", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": "ideological", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": "somewhere between", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": "Prophet Mohammad", + "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": "conspiracy against Islam", + "5acfeae177cf76001a68649e": "", + "5acfeae177cf76001a68649f": "", + "5acfeae177cf76001a6864a0": "", + "5acfeae177cf76001a6864a1": "", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "The Islamic Republic", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": "economic", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": "Shia terrorist groups", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict", + "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": "President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", + "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b0": "", + "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b1": "", + "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b2": "", + "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b3": "", + "5acfeb2577cf76001a6864b4": "", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": "Soviet Union", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": "Islamic rebellion", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": "send aid and sometimes to go themselves to fight for their faith", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": "marginal", + "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": "16,000 to 35,000", + "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864ba": "", + "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864bb": "", + "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864bc": "", + "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864bd": "marginal", + "5acfeb5f77cf76001a6864be": "", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": "radicalize the Islamist movement", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": "Saddam Hussein's", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": "Islamist groups", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": "Saudi monarchy", + "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": "the west", + "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c4": "put an end to Saddam Hussein's occupation of Kuwait", + "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c5": "Saddam Hussein's", + "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c6": "", + "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c7": "", + "5acfeba077cf76001a6864c8": "the west", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": "conservative Muslims", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": "in the kingdom", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": "those domestic Islamists who attacked it", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": "Algeria", + "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": "Osama bin Laden", + "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d6": "", + "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d7": "", + "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d8": "", + "5acfebe477cf76001a6864d9": "", + "5acfebe477cf76001a6864da": "", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": "Qutb's", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": "1966", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": "the Brotherhood", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": "Fringe or splinter movements", + "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": "1970s", + "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f2": "", + "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f3": "", + "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f4": "", + "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f5": "", + "5acfec2077cf76001a6864f6": "", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": "Egyptian Islamic Jihad organization", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": "1981", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": "\"apostate", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "apostate", + "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": "Muhammad Abd al-Salaam Farag", + "5acfec5577cf76001a6864fc": "", + "5acfec5577cf76001a6864fd": "", + "5acfec5577cf76001a6864fe": "", + "5acfec5577cf76001a6864ff": "", + "5acfec5577cf76001a686500": "", + "5730131c947a6a140053d052": "violence", + "5730131c947a6a140053d053": "al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya", + "5730131c947a6a140053d054": "unsuccessful", + "5730131c947a6a140053d055": "2003", + "5730131c947a6a140053d056": "political figures", + "5acfec9277cf76001a686506": "", + "5acfec9277cf76001a686507": "", + "5acfec9277cf76001a686508": "", + "5acfec9277cf76001a686509": "", + "5acfec9277cf76001a68650a": "", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": "a \"quiescent", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": "HAMAS", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": "the establishment of an Islamic state in Palestine", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": "Palestine", + "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": "alcohol", + "5acfecc577cf76001a686510": "", + "5acfecc577cf76001a686511": "", + "5acfecc577cf76001a686512": "the establishment of an Islamic state in Palestine", + "5acfecc577cf76001a686513": "", + "5acfecc577cf76001a686514": "alcohol", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": "542", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": "the majority of the seats", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": "2007", + "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": "driving Israel out of the Gaza Strip", + "5acfed0b77cf76001a686524": "", + "5acfed0b77cf76001a686525": "", + "5acfed0b77cf76001a686526": "", + "5acfed0b77cf76001a686527": "", + "5acfed0b77cf76001a686528": "", + "57302700a23a5019007fce89": "Islamist", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": "Hassan al-Turabi", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": "National Islamic Front", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": "with money from foreign Islamist banking systems", + "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": "university and military academy", + "5acfed5277cf76001a68652e": "Islamist", + "5acfed5277cf76001a68652f": "", + "5acfed5277cf76001a686530": "", + "5acfed5277cf76001a686531": "", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": "1985", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": "with the help of the military", + "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": "sharia law", + "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": "Osama bin Laden", + "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": "American attack on Iraq in the 1991 Gulf War", + "5acfed9477cf76001a686540": "", + "5acfed9477cf76001a686541": "", + "5acfed9477cf76001a686542": "", + "5acfed9477cf76001a686543": "", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": "Front Islamique de Salut", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": "Algeria", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": "1989", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": "staying home", + "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": "military coup d'\u00e9tat", + "5acfedc577cf76001a686548": "Front Islamique de Salut", + "5acfedc577cf76001a686549": "Algeria", + "5acfedc577cf76001a68654a": "1989", + "5acfedc577cf76001a68654b": "", + "5acfedc577cf76001a68654c": "", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": "justice and prosperity", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": "vicious and destructive", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": "one of the poorest countries on earth", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": "1992", + "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": "80%", + "5acfee0a77cf76001a686552": "", + "5acfee0a77cf76001a686553": "", + "5acfee0a77cf76001a686554": "", + "5acfee0a77cf76001a686555": "", + "5acfee0a77cf76001a686556": "", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": "The Taliban", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": "", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": "Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": "Sharia", + "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": "Osama bin Laden", + "5acfee4777cf76001a68655c": "", + "5acfee4777cf76001a68655d": "", + "5acfee4777cf76001a68655e": "", + "5acfee4777cf76001a68655f": "", + "5acfee4777cf76001a686560": "", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": "July 1977", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": "alcohol and nightclubs", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": "Islamism", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": "his means of seizing power", + "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": "1988", + "5acfee8977cf76001a686566": "", + "5acfee8977cf76001a686567": "", + "5acfee8977cf76001a686568": "", + "5acfee8977cf76001a686569": "his means of seizing power", + "5acfee8977cf76001a68656a": "", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": "Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": "Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": "a caliphate", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": "ten million", + "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": "recognition", + "5acfeee177cf76001a686570": "", + "5acfeee177cf76001a686571": "", + "5acfeee177cf76001a686572": "", + "5acfeee177cf76001a686573": "", + "5acfeee177cf76001a686574": "", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": "2004", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": "March 2003", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": "March 2011", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": "", + "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "", + "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657a": "", + "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657b": "", + "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657c": "", + "5acfef1b77cf76001a68657d": "", + "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": "different view", + "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": "7th century", + "57302e45947a6a140053d230": "1924", + "57302e45947a6a140053d231": "the true Islamic system", + "57302e45947a6a140053d232": "disbelieving (Kafir)", + "5acfef5477cf76001a686582": "", + "5acfef5477cf76001a686583": "", + "5acfef5477cf76001a686584": "", + "5acfef5477cf76001a686585": "", + "5acfef5477cf76001a686586": "", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": "armed", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": "through \"ideological struggle", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": "elites", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": "Egypt", + "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": "terrorist groups", + "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a0": "", + "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a1": "", + "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a2": "", + "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a3": "Egypt", + "5acfef9577cf76001a6865a4": "", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": "over 900,000", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": "strong Islamist", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": "2007", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": "Londonistan", + "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": "incitement to terrorism", + "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865aa": "", + "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ab": "", + "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ac": "", + "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ad": "", + "5acfefcc77cf76001a6865ae": "", + "57303048947a6a140053d254": "since 2001", + "57303048947a6a140053d255": "State Department", + "57303048947a6a140053d256": "Christian Whiton", + "57303048947a6a140053d257": "Defense Secretary", + "57303048947a6a140053d258": "undermining the communist ideology", + "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b4": "", + "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b5": "", + "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b6": "", + "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b7": "", + "5acff00c77cf76001a6865b8": "", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": "Latin", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "colonization, use of military force", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "Japanese", + "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": "technologies and ideas", + "5acff36377cf76001a6865ee": "Latin", + "5acff36377cf76001a6865ef": "", + "5acff36377cf76001a6865f0": "19th", + "5acff36377cf76001a6865f1": "", + "5acff36377cf76001a6865f2": "", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "influence", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "Formal", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "\"othering\"", + "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "direct", + "5acff3b377cf76001a6865f8": "", + "5acff3b377cf76001a6865f9": "", + "5acff3b377cf76001a6865fa": "", + "5acff3b377cf76001a6865fb": "diplomacy or military force", + "5acff3b377cf76001a6865fc": "less direct", + "57306797396df919000960ee": "imperialism", + "57306797396df919000960ef": "formal\" and \"informal\" imperialism", + "57306797396df919000960f0": "aggressiveness", + "57306797396df919000960f1": "Informal", + "57306797396df919000960f2": "technological superiority", + "5acff4b177cf76001a686614": "", + "5acff4b177cf76001a686615": "", + "5acff4b177cf76001a686616": "aggressiveness", + "5acff4b177cf76001a686617": "Informal", + "5acff4b177cf76001a686618": "", + "573081c2069b531400832133": "empire", + "573081c2069b531400832134": "world systems theory", + "573081c2069b531400832135": "Lenin", + "573081c2069b531400832136": "empires", + "573081c2069b531400832137": "seaborne", + "5acff55577cf76001a68661e": "", + "5acff55577cf76001a68661f": "", + "5acff55577cf76001a686620": "", + "5acff55577cf76001a686621": "", + "5acff55577cf76001a686622": "", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "colonialism", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "political focus", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": "Contiguous land empires such as the Russian or Ottoman", + "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "a person or group of people", + "5acff5b077cf76001a686628": "colonialism", + "5acff5b077cf76001a686629": "some form of colonialism", + "5acff5b077cf76001a68662a": "", + "5acff5b077cf76001a68662b": "", + "5acff5b077cf76001a68662c": "", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "Imperialism", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": "taking physical control of another", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": "by conquering the other state's lands", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": "", + "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": "the exploitation of the valuable assets and supplies of the nation that was conquered", + "5acff63377cf76001a68665a": "", + "5acff63377cf76001a68665b": "", + "5acff63377cf76001a68665c": "", + "5acff63377cf76001a68665d": "", + "5acff63377cf76001a68665e": "", + "5730876a396df9190009617a": "the defense and justification of empire-building", + "5730876a396df9190009617b": "the races which can do this work best", + "5730876a396df9190009617c": "imperialism", + "5730876a396df9190009617d": "Social Darwinism\" and a theory of races", + "5730876a396df9190009617e": "whiteness", + "5acff69e77cf76001a686664": "", + "5acff69e77cf76001a686665": "", + "5acff69e77cf76001a686666": "", + "5acff69e77cf76001a686667": "", + "5acff69e77cf76001a686668": "", + "573088da069b53140083216b": "Germany", + "573088da069b53140083216c": "", + "573088da069b53140083216d": "Political geographers", + "573088da069b53140083216e": "necessary for a state\u2019s survival", + "573088da069b53140083216f": "fund travelers who would come back with tales of their discoveries", + "5acff6ea77cf76001a686680": "Germany", + "5acff6ea77cf76001a686681": "Britain", + "5acff6ea77cf76001a686682": "Political geographers", + "5acff6ea77cf76001a686683": "", + "5acff6ea77cf76001a686684": "", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": "environmental determinism", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": "temperate zone", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": "Orientalism", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": "uncivilized", + "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": "the superior and the norm", + "5acff73377cf76001a68668a": "", + "5acff73377cf76001a68668b": "", + "5acff73377cf76001a68668c": "", + "5acff73377cf76001a68668d": "", + "5acff73377cf76001a68668e": "", + "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "British", + "57308ddc396df919000961a5": "Terra nullius", + "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "terra nullius", + "57308ddc396df919000961a7": "eighteenth century", + "57308ddc396df919000961a8": "empty land", + "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c68": "", + "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c69": "", + "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c6a": "", + "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c6b": "", + "5ad02ab477cf76001a686c6c": "", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": "geography", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": "irrational and backward", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "irrational and backward", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": "discourse of Orientalism", + "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "irrational and backward in opposition to the rational and progressive West. Defining the East as a negative vision of itself, as its inferior", + "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7c": "", + "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7d": "", + "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7e": "", + "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c7f": "", + "5ad02aff77cf76001a686c80": "", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": "nineteenth-century maps", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "blank space to denote unknown or unexplored territory", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": "to denote unknown or unexplored territory", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": "", + "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": "French", + "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9a": "", + "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9b": "", + "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9c": "", + "5ad02be477cf76001a686c9d": "", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": "Genghis Khan", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": "pre-Columbian", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": "Sub-Saharan Africa", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": "in the dozens", + "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": "", + "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cd8": "", + "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cd9": "", + "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cda": "", + "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cdb": "", + "5ad02cf577cf76001a686cdc": "", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": "Cultural imperialism", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": "its soft power", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": "Dallas", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": "Roman", + "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": "bans on foreign popular culture", + "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf6": "", + "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf7": "", + "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf8": "", + "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cf9": "", + "5ad02d3077cf76001a686cfa": "", + "57309446396df919000961b8": "around 1700", + "57309446396df919000961b9": "colonizing, influencing, and annexing other parts of the world", + "57309446396df919000961ba": "thousands", + "57309446396df919000961bb": "middle of the 20th century", + "57309446396df919000961bc": "Open Door Policy", + "5ad02de177cf76001a686d14": "middle of the 20th century", + "5ad02de177cf76001a686d15": "", + "5ad02de177cf76001a686d16": "", + "5ad02de177cf76001a686d17": "around 1700", + "5ad02de177cf76001a686d18": "", + "57309564069b5314008321a5": "1919", + "57309564069b5314008321a6": "1999", + "57309564069b5314008321a7": "historians", + "57309564069b5314008321a8": "the world's economy", + "57309564069b5314008321a9": "", + "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d32": "", + "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d33": "", + "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d34": "", + "5ad02e3377cf76001a686d35": "", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": "economic growth", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": "colonies", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": "mid-18th century", + "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": "the Mughal state", + "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d4e": "", + "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d4f": "", + "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d50": "", + "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d51": "", + "5ad02e8277cf76001a686d52": "", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": "communication", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": "explosives", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": "machine gun", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": "arrows, swords, and leather shields", + "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": "Southern Africa", + "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d68": "", + "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d69": "", + "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d6a": "", + "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d6b": "", + "5ad02ef677cf76001a686d6c": "", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": "British", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": "late 1870s", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": "philanthropy", + "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": "need for capitalist economies to constantly expand investment, material resources and manpower in such a way that necessitated colonial expansion", + "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d84": "", + "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d85": "", + "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d86": "", + "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d87": "", + "5ad02f5777cf76001a686d88": "", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": "aristocracy", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "before World War I", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "1950s", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": "", + "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": "domestic social reforms", + "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d8e": "", + "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d8f": "", + "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d90": "", + "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d91": "", + "5ad02fda77cf76001a686d92": "", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": "environmental determinism", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": "the environment in which they lived", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": "less civilized", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": "Africa", + "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": "orientalism and tropicality", + "5ad0301577cf76001a686db4": "", + "5ad0301577cf76001a686db5": "", + "5ad0301577cf76001a686db6": "", + "5ad0301577cf76001a686db7": "Africa", + "5ad0301577cf76001a686db8": "", + "5730a314069b5314008321eb": "geographic scholars", + "5730a314069b5314008321ec": "Northern Europe and the Mid-Atlantic", + "5730a314069b5314008321ed": "guidance and intervention", + "5730a314069b5314008321ee": "", + "5730a314069b5314008321ef": "colonizing empires", + "5ad0312677cf76001a686dc8": "", + "5ad0312677cf76001a686dc9": "", + "5ad0312677cf76001a686dca": "", + "5ad0312677cf76001a686dcb": "", + "5ad0312677cf76001a686dcc": "", + "5730a40f396df91900096234": "sixteenth century", + "5730a40f396df91900096235": "1599", + "5730a40f396df91900096236": "Queen Elizabeth", + "5730a40f396df91900096237": "almost bringing the company into bankruptcy", + "5730a40f396df91900096238": "Portuguese", + "5ad0316177cf76001a686dda": "", + "5ad0316177cf76001a686ddb": "", + "5ad0316177cf76001a686ddc": "", + "5ad0316177cf76001a686ddd": "", + "5ad0316177cf76001a686dde": "Portuguese", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": "1830", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": "after 1850", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": "North and West Africa", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": "when Germany started to build her own colonial empire", + "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": "Catholicism", + "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df2": "", + "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df3": "1850", + "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df4": "", + "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df5": "", + "5ad031ef77cf76001a686df6": "", + "5730a951069b531400832213": "civilize the inferior", + "5730a951069b531400832214": "Full citizenship rights", + "5730a951069b531400832215": "France sent small numbers of settlers to its colonies", + "5730a951069b531400832216": "Christianity and French culture", + "5730a951069b531400832217": "", + "5ad0322877cf76001a686dfc": "", + "5ad0322877cf76001a686dfd": "", + "5ad0322877cf76001a686dfe": "", + "5ad0322877cf76001a686dff": "", + "5730aa52069b53140083221d": "overseas colonies", + "5730aa52069b53140083221e": "anti-colonial movements", + "5730aa52069b53140083221f": "Vietnam", + "5730aa52069b531400832220": "", + "5730aa52069b531400832221": "1960", + "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0c": "", + "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0d": "anti-colonial movements", + "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0e": "", + "5ad032b377cf76001a686e0f": "", + "5ad032b377cf76001a686e10": "", + "5730ab63396df91900096260": "Scandinavia and northern Europe", + "5730ab63396df91900096261": "middle period of classical antiquity", + "5730ab63396df91900096262": "late antiquity", + "5730ab63396df91900096263": "Iberia", + "5730ab63396df91900096264": "central Europe", + "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e1e": "", + "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e1f": "", + "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e20": "", + "5ad0354e77cf76001a686e21": "Muslim Iberia", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": "late 19th century", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": "1862", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": "", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": "Europe itself", + "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": "Napoleon", + "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e26": "late 19th century", + "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e27": "90", + "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e28": "", + "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e29": "", + "5ad035bd77cf76001a686e2a": "", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": "the South Pacific", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": "German prestige", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": "Friedrichsruh. The establishment of the German colonial empire proceeded smoothly, starting with German New Guinea", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": "1884", + "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": "Hamburg merchants and traders", + "5ad0383677cf76001a686e38": "", + "5ad0383677cf76001a686e39": "", + "5ad0383677cf76001a686e3a": "German New Guinea", + "5ad0383677cf76001a686e3b": "", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": "1894", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": "Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": "Manchuria", + "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": "Thailand", + "5ad0388377cf76001a686e40": "1937", + "5ad0388377cf76001a686e41": "", + "5ad0388377cf76001a686e42": "", + "5ad0388377cf76001a686e43": "", + "5730b255396df919000962b0": "The Soviet Union and the People\u2019s Republic of China", + "5730b255396df919000962b1": "1932", + "5730b255396df919000962b2": "Lenin", + "5730b255396df919000962b3": "in areas its forces occupied in Eastern Europe", + "5730b255396df919000962b4": "Bolshevik leaders", + "5ad0391f77cf76001a686e48": "", + "5ad0391f77cf76001a686e49": "1923", + "5ad0391f77cf76001a686e4a": "", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": "world revolution", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": "Lenin", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "'socialism in one country'", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": "", + "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": "Mao Zedong", + "5ad039ec77cf76001a686e66": "", + "5ad039ec77cf76001a686e67": "", + "5ad039ec77cf76001a686e68": "", + "5730b541396df919000962c2": "mercantilism", + "5730b541396df919000962c3": "1776", + "5730b541396df919000962c4": "1820", + "5730b541396df919000962c5": "free trade", + "5730b541396df919000962c6": "1815", + "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6c": "", + "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6d": "", + "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6e": "1820", + "5ad03a1a77cf76001a686e6f": "", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": "British", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": "pseudo-sciences", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": "Africa", + "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": "The British Empire", + "5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e74": "", + "5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e75": "pseudo-sciences", + "5ad03a3e77cf76001a686e76": "Africa", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": "military force", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": "interventionism in Central America", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": "Philippines", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": "a war erupted", + "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": "a \"racket", + "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7a": "", + "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7b": "", + "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7c": "", + "5ad03a6b77cf76001a686e7d": "", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": "Isiah Bowman", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": "1917", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": "", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": "to build a premise that would allow for U.S authorship of a 'new world'", + "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": "Wilson's geographer", + "5ad03a8a77cf76001a686e82": "", + "5ad03a8a77cf76001a686e83": "", + "5ad03a8a77cf76001a686e84": "", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": "internal strife", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": "internal", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": "12 to 15 million", + "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": "the contemporary Orient", + "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e90": "", + "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e91": "", + "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e92": "", + "5ad03b0b77cf76001a686e93": "", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": "1923", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": "Suleiman the Magnificent", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": "32", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": "North Africa, and the Horn of Africa", + "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": "During the 16th and 17th centuries", + "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea2": "1299", + "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea3": "", + "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea4": "", + "5ad03b4677cf76001a686ea5": "North Africa, and the Horn of Africa", + "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": "Istanbul", + "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": "Germany", + "5730bd00069b5314008322da": "Turkey", + "5730bd00069b5314008322db": "creation of modern Balkan and Middle Eastern states", + "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eaa": "", + "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eab": "", + "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eac": "Germany", + "5ad03b7977cf76001a686ead": "", + "5ad03b7977cf76001a686eae": "", + "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "Warsaw", + "5732b6b5328d981900602022": "Vistula River", + "5732b6b5328d981900602023": "260 kilometres (160 mi)", + "5732b6b5328d981900602024": "2.666 million", + "5732b6b5328d981900602025": "9th", + "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e88": "Carpathian Mountains", + "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e89": "Warsaw", + "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e8a": "Vistula River", + "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e8b": "1.740 million", + "5ad4bbbb5b96ef001a109e8c": "9th", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": "Economist Intelligence Unit", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": "2012", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": "FMCG manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing", + "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": "Warsaw Stock Exchange", + "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": "Frontex", + "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9c": "", + "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9d": "", + "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9e": "Warsaw Stock Exchange", + "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109e9f": "", + "5ad4bcc45b96ef001a109ea0": "", + "5733140a4776f419006606e0": "1313", + "5733140a4776f419006606e1": "Krak\u00f3w", + "5733140a4776f419006606e2": "1596", + "5733140a4776f419006606e3": "King Sigismund III Vasa", + "5733140a4776f419006606e4": "because it has survived many wars, conflicts and invasions throughout its long history", + "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109ed8": "", + "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109ed9": "", + "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109eda": "After the Third Partition of Poland in 1795", + "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109edb": "King Sigismund III Vasa", + "5ad4bdbd5b96ef001a109edc": "", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": "Roman Catholic", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": "Polish Academy of Sciences", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": "a UNESCO World Heritage Site", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": "architectural", + "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": "luxurious parks and royal gardens", + "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab56": "", + "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab57": "a UNESCO World Heritage Site", + "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab58": "", + "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab59": "Polish Academy of Sciences", + "5ad510be5b96ef001a10ab5a": "architectural", + "57332442d058e614000b5720": "Warszawa", + "57332442d058e614000b5721": "belonging to Warsz", + "57332442d058e614000b5722": "a 12th/13th-century nobleman", + "57332442d058e614000b5723": "a village located at the modern-day site of Mariensztat neighbourhood", + "57332442d058e614000b5724": "miasto sto\u0142eczne Warszawa", + "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aaae": "", + "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aaaf": "belonging to Warsz", + "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aab0": "the Vr\u0161ovci family which had escaped to Poland", + "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aab1": "a village located at the modern-day site of Mariensztat neighbourhood", + "5ad50bb95b96ef001a10aab2": "sto\u0142eczne Warszawa", + "57332562d058e614000b5730": "Jazd\u00f3w", + "57332562d058e614000b5731": "Prince of P\u0142ock", + "57332562d058e614000b5732": "1300", + "57332562d058e614000b5733": "1413", + "57332562d058e614000b5734": "1526", + "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef6": "Prince of P\u0142ock", + "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef7": "1300", + "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef8": "Jazd\u00f3w", + "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109ef9": "1413", + "5ad4bea25b96ef001a109efa": "1526", + "5733266d4776f41900660712": "the General Sejm", + "5733266d4776f41900660713": "1569", + "5733266d4776f41900660714": "religious freedom in the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth", + "5733266d4776f41900660715": "its central location", + "5733266d4776f41900660716": "1596", + "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a3": "", + "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a4": "", + "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a5": "", + "5ad4c99d5b96ef001a10a0a6": "1596", + "57332a734776f41900660726": "until 1796", + "57332a734776f41900660727": "Kingdom of Prussia", + "57332a734776f41900660728": "Napoleon's", + "57332a734776f41900660729": "Congress of Vienna of 1815", + "57332a734776f4190066072a": "1816", + "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0ca": "Kingdom of Prussia", + "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0cb": "Napoleon's", + "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0cc": "", + "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0cd": "", + "5ad4ca605b96ef001a10a0ce": "until 1796", + "57332b66d058e614000b5758": "4 August 1915 until November 1918", + "57332b66d058e614000b5759": "areas controlled by Russia in 1914", + "57332b66d058e614000b575a": "Pi\u0142sudski", + "57332b66d058e614000b575b": "1920", + "57332b66d058e614000b575c": "Red Army", + "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d4": "4 August 1915 until November 1918", + "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d5": "", + "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d6": "Pi\u0142sudski", + "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d7": "", + "5ad4caf45b96ef001a10a0d8": "", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": "1 September 1939", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": "German Nazi colonial administration", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": "30%", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": "19 April 1943", + "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": "almost a month", + "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae0": "", + "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae1": "", + "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae2": "19 April 1943", + "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae3": "", + "5ad50c9f5b96ef001a10aae4": "almost a month", + "57332e48d058e614000b5762": "Red Army", + "57332e48d058e614000b5763": "Stalin was hostile to the idea of an independent Poland", + "57332e48d058e614000b5764": "1 August 1944", + "57332e48d058e614000b5765": "63 days", + "57332e48d058e614000b5766": "between 150,000 and 200,000", + "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f2": "", + "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f3": "Stalin was hostile to the idea of an independent Poland", + "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f4": "1 August 1944", + "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f5": "63 days", + "5ad4cc135b96ef001a10a0f6": "", + "57332f81d058e614000b5776": "Bricks for Warsaw\"", + "57332f81d058e614000b5777": "prefabricated", + "57332f81d058e614000b5778": "prefabricated housing projects were erected in Warsaw to address the housing shortage, along with other typical buildings of an Eastern Bloc city", + "57332f81d058e614000b5779": "Palace of Culture and Science", + "57332f81d058e614000b577a": "UNESCO's World Heritage list", + "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a124": "\"Bricks for Warsaw\"", + "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a125": "prefabricated", + "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a126": "Eastern Bloc city", + "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a127": "", + "5ad4cd6e5b96ef001a10a128": "UNESCO's World Heritage list", + "573330444776f41900660758": "John Paul II", + "573330444776f41900660759": "anti-communist fervor", + "573330444776f4190066075a": "less than a year", + "573330444776f4190066075b": "Victory Square", + "573330444776f4190066075c": "the incentive for the democratic changes", + "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a196": "", + "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a197": "", + "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a198": "less than a year", + "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a199": "", + "5ad4d0ca5b96ef001a10a19a": "", + "5733314e4776f4190066076a": "300", + "5733314e4776f4190066076b": "325", + "5733314e4776f4190066076c": "Vistula River", + "5733314e4776f4190066076d": "115.7 metres", + "5733314e4776f4190066076e": "the right bank of the Vistula, by the eastern border of Warsaw", + "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b2": "300", + "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b3": "325", + "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b4": "Vistula River", + "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b5": "115.7 metres", + "5ad4d1785b96ef001a10a1b6": "by the eastern border of Warsaw", + "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": "two", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": "Vistula Valley", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": "Vistula River", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": "moraine plateau", + "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": "Warsaw Escarpment", + "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1da": "Vistula Valley", + "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1db": "two", + "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1dc": "The Vistula River", + "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1dd": "", + "5ad4d2855b96ef001a10a1de": "moraine plateau", + "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": "plain moraine", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": "former flooded terraces", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": "valleys and ground depressions", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": "the highest terrace", + "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": "pine forest", + "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab12": "pine forest", + "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab13": "", + "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab14": "the highest terrace", + "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab15": "", + "5ad50de85b96ef001a10ab16": "former flooded terraces", + "57335fcad058e614000b5970": "the turbulent history of the city and country", + "57335fcad058e614000b5971": "During the Second World War", + "57335fcad058e614000b5972": "After liberation", + "57335fcad058e614000b5973": "Leopold Kronenberg Palace", + "57335fcad058e614000b5974": "Eastern bloc countries", + "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a274": "After liberation", + "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a275": "the turbulent history", + "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a276": "", + "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a277": "During the Second World War", + "5ad4d55f5b96ef001a10a278": "Eastern bloc countries", + "573361404776f4190066093c": "Gothic", + "573361404776f4190066093d": "14th century", + "573361404776f4190066093e": "Masovian gothic style", + "573361404776f4190066093f": "Renaissance", + "573361404776f41900660940": "mannerist architecture", + "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab2e": "1562", + "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab2f": "", + "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab30": "Renaissance", + "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab31": "", + "5ad50f1c5b96ef001a10ab32": "", + "573362b94776f41900660974": "the 17th century", + "573362b94776f41900660975": "1688\u20131692", + "573362b94776f41900660976": "", + "573362b94776f41900660977": "neoclassical architecture", + "573362b94776f41900660978": "1775\u20131795", + "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a362": "", + "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a363": "", + "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a364": "", + "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a365": "", + "5ad4d8d65b96ef001a10a366": "", + "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": "bourgeois", + "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": "bourgeois architecture of the later periods were not restored by the communist authorities", + "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": "socialist realism", + "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": "Warsaw University of Technology building", + "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": "the most distinctive buildings", + "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b0": "", + "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b1": "", + "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b2": "bourgeois", + "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b3": "not restored by the communist authorities", + "5ad4d9be5b96ef001a10a3b4": "", + "5733647e4776f419006609ae": "many places", + "5733647e4776f419006609af": "Pawiak", + "5733647e4776f419006609b0": "The Warsaw Citadel", + "5733647e4776f419006609b1": "the children who served as messengers and frontline troops", + "5733647e4776f419006609b2": "Warsaw Uprising Monument", + "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e6": "the statue of Little Insurgent", + "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e7": "Pawiak", + "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e8": "the children who served as messengers and frontline troops", + "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3e9": "", + "5ad4da795b96ef001a10a3ea": "", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": "The Saxon Garden", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": "100", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": "east", + "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": "Krasi\u0144ski Palace Garden", + "57336755d058e614000b5a40": "\u0141azienki Park", + "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a43e": "", + "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a43f": "", + "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a440": "", + "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a441": "", + "5ad4db9f5b96ef001a10a442": "", + "573368044776f41900660a29": "green spaces", + "573368044776f41900660a2a": "New Orangery", + "573368044776f41900660a2b": "Pole Mokotowskie", + "573368044776f41900660a2c": "Park Ujazdowski", + "573368044776f41900660a2d": "1927", + "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a46e": "", + "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a46f": "", + "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a470": "1927", + "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a471": "green spaces", + "5ad4dc755b96ef001a10a472": "New Orangery", + "573368e54776f41900660a53": "location of Warsaw within the border region", + "573368e54776f41900660a54": "within the borders of Warsaw", + "573368e54776f41900660a55": "Masovian Primeval Forest", + "573368e54776f41900660a56": "Kabaty Forest", + "573368e54776f41900660a57": "two", + "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4c": "", + "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4d": "within the border region", + "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4e": "location of Warsaw within the border region", + "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab4f": "", + "5ad50fe55b96ef001a10ab50": "Kabaty Forest", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": "13", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "15 kilometres", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": "otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": "oxbow lakes, like Czerniak\u00f3w Lake, the lakes in the \u0141azienki or Wilan\u00f3w Parks", + "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": "to clean them of plants and sediments", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a49e": "13", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a49f": "15 kilometres", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a0": "otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a1": "", + "5ad4dd325b96ef001a10a4a2": "to clean them of plants and sediments", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": "foreign-born inhabitants", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": "Jewish", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": "34%", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": "833,500", + "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": "internal migration and urbanisation", + "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70c": "", + "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70d": "", + "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70e": "", + "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a70f": "internal migration and urbanisation", + "5ad4f1365b96ef001a10a710": "34%", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": "c. 1,300,000", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": "420,000", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "1951", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": "better only because they lived in the capital", + "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": "residency registration", + "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a726": "1,300,000", + "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a727": "420,000", + "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a728": "1951", + "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a729": "", + "5ad4f1c95b96ef001a10a72a": "", + "57338007d058e614000b5bda": "multi-cultural", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "711,988", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "56.2%", + "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "2.8%", + "57338007d058e614000b5bde": "Warsaw Uprising of 1944", + "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a730": "", + "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a731": "", + "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a732": "56.2%", + "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a733": "2.8%", + "5ad4f28c5b96ef001a10a734": "Warsaw Uprising of 1944", + "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": "a commune (gmina)", + "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": "counties or powiats", + "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": "Krak\u00f3w", + "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a774": "commune (gmina)", + "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a775": "counties or powiats", + "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a776": "", + "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a777": "", + "5ad4f40c5b96ef001a10a778": "Krak\u00f3w", + "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": "Warsaw City Council", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": "60", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": "every four years", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": "committees", + "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": "30", + "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a792": "Warsaw City Council", + "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a793": "60", + "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a794": "", + "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a795": "", + "5ad4f4d95b96ef001a10a796": "30 days", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": "President", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": "Jan Andrzej Menich", + "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "1696", + "57338255d058e614000b5c10": "City council", + "57338255d058e614000b5c11": "Centrum", + "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a6": "", + "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a7": "Jan Andrzej Menich", + "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a8": "1994\u20131999", + "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7a9": "City council", + "5ad4f5765b96ef001a10a7aa": "Centrum", + "573382d24776f41900660c37": "\u015ar\u00f3dmie\u015bcie", + "573382d24776f41900660c38": "304,016", + "573382d24776f41900660c39": "emerging market", + "573382d24776f41900660c3a": "12%", + "573382d24776f41900660c3b": "191.766 billion PLN", + "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c2": "", + "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c3": "", + "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c4": "emerging market", + "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c5": "12%", + "5ad4f63b5b96ef001a10a7c6": "191.766 billion PLN", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": "1817", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": "World War II", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": "April 1991", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": "374", + "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": "Polish United Workers' Party", + "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7dc": "", + "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7dd": "the reintroduction of a free-market economy", + "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7de": "", + "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7df": "374", + "5ad4f7235b96ef001a10a7e0": "Polish United Workers' Party", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": "1951", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": "Polonez", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": "Daewoo", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": "AvtoZAZ", + "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": "Aveo", + "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fa": "", + "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fb": "", + "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fc": "", + "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fd": "", + "5ad4f7df5b96ef001a10a7fe": "", + "57339555d058e614000b5df3": "1816", + "57339555d058e614000b5df4": "Warsaw University of Technology", + "57339555d058e614000b5df5": "2,000", + "57339555d058e614000b5df6": "Medical University of Warsaw", + "57339555d058e614000b5df7": "Fryderyk Chopin University of Music", + "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82a": "", + "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82b": "Warsaw University of Technology", + "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82c": "2,000", + "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82d": "Medical University of Warsaw", + "5ad4f8b35b96ef001a10a82e": "Fryderyk Chopin University of Music", + "57339902d058e614000b5e70": "1816", + "57339902d058e614000b5e71": "over two million", + "57339902d058e614000b5e72": "", + "57339902d058e614000b5e73": "Irena Bajerska", + "57339902d058e614000b5e74": "10,000 m2", + "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85a": "", + "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85b": "", + "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85c": "", + "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85d": "", + "5ad4faa45b96ef001a10a85e": "10,000 m2", + "573399b54776f41900660e64": "infrastructure", + "573399b54776f41900660e65": "Three-Year Plan", + "573399b54776f41900660e66": "solid economic growth, an increase in foreign investment as well as funding from the European Union", + "573399b54776f41900660e67": "improved markedly", + "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a882": "infrastructure", + "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a883": "what followed was very much the opposite", + "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a884": "", + "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a885": "", + "5ad4fbeb5b96ef001a10a886": "", + "57339a554776f41900660e74": "Warsaw", + "57339a554776f41900660e75": "Children's Memorial Health Institute", + "57339a554776f41900660e76": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Institute of Oncology", + "57339a554776f41900660e77": "700", + "57339a554776f41900660e78": "developed", + "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a896": "", + "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a897": "", + "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a898": "", + "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a899": "700", + "5ad4fd0f5b96ef001a10a89a": "developed", + "57339ad74776f41900660e86": "musical", + "57339ad74776f41900660e87": "events and festivals", + "57339ad74776f41900660e88": "Palace of Culture and Science", + "57339ad74776f41900660e89": "Congress Hall in the Palace of Culture and Science", + "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": "Jazz Jamboree", + "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8b8": "musical", + "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8b9": "International Contemporary Music Festival", + "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8ba": "", + "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8bb": "Congress Hall in the Palace of Culture and Science", + "5ad4fe635b96ef001a10a8bc": "Jazz Jamboree", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski (the Saxon Garden)", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "1870 to 1939", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "Momus", + "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", + "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d6": "", + "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d7": "Ogr\u00f3d Saski", + "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d8": "", + "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8d9": "Momus", + "5ad4ff375b96ef001a10a8da": "Wojciech Bogus\u0142awski Theatre", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": "Wianki", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": "thousands", + "57339dd94776f41900660ece": "Midsummer\u2019s Night", + "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": "when they would be married", + "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": "fern", + "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a912": "", + "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a913": "thousands", + "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a914": "Midsummer\u2019s Night", + "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a915": "when they would be married", + "5ad500e95b96ef001a10a916": "fern", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": "art posters", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": "60", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": "paintings", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": "paintings", + "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": "arms", + "5ad502385b96ef001a10a954": "60", + "5ad502385b96ef001a10a955": "", + "5ad502385b96ef001a10a956": "", + "5ad502385b96ef001a10a957": "", + "5ad502385b96ef001a10a958": "", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": "Warsaw Uprising Museum and in the Katy\u0144 Museum", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": "Katy\u0144 Museum", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": "stereoscopic", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": "The Museum of Independence", + "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": "60", + "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a984": "Warsaw Uprising Museum", + "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a985": "The Museum of Independence", + "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a986": "stereoscopic", + "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a987": "the Katy\u0144 Museum", + "5ad5036c5b96ef001a10a988": "60", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": "Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": "about 500", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": "Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": "Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", + "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": "last weekend of September", + "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9ac": "Royal Ujazd\u00f3w Castle", + "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9ad": "", + "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9ae": "Zach\u0119ta National Gallery of Art", + "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9af": "oldest exhibition site", + "5ad5041c5b96ef001a10a9b0": "last weekend of September", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": "Polonia Warsaw", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": "1946", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": "twice", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": "Konwiktorska Street", + "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": "because of their disastrous financial situation", + "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f4": "", + "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f5": "", + "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f6": "twice", + "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f7": "", + "5ad505165b96ef001a10a9f8": "", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": "syrenka", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": "The mermaid", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": "since at least the mid-14th century", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": "1390", + "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": "a sword", + "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa38": "syrenka", + "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa39": "The mermaid", + "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa3a": "mid-14th century", + "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa3b": "1390", + "5ad5071f5b96ef001a10aa3c": "", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": "", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": "the depths of the oceans and seas", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": "on the coast of Denmark", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": "Warszowa", + "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": "captured the mermaid.", + "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4c": "", + "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4d": "the depths of the oceans and seas", + "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4e": "on the coast of Denmark", + "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa4f": "", + "5ad507d25b96ef001a10aa50": "he followed the fishermen and captured the mermaid", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": "Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": "the Nobel Prize", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": "Famous musicians include W\u0142adys\u0142aw Szpilman and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": "seven months old", + "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": "1745", + "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa68": "", + "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa69": "the Nobel Prize", + "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa6a": "", + "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa6b": "seven months old", + "5ad508665b96ef001a10aa6c": "", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": "Warsaw", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": "1916", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": "Art Deco style in painting and art", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "poet", + "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": "Isaac Bashevis Singer", + "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7c": "Warsaw", + "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7d": "", + "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7e": "Art Deco style", + "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa7f": "", + "5ad509615b96ef001a10aa80": "Isaac Bashevis Singer", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "1754\u20131763", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": "colonies of British America and New France", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": "60,000", + "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": "2 million", + "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe971": "", + "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe972": "", + "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe973": "Native American", + "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe974": "", + "5ad3a01a604f3c001a3fe975": "", + "5733cff84776f419006612b4": "primarily along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies", + "5733cff84776f419006612b5": "a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers", + "5733cff84776f419006612b6": "May 1754", + "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9a7": "", + "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9a8": "", + "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9a9": "", + "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9aa": "", + "5ad3a076604f3c001a3fe9ab": "", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": "1755", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": "a disaster", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": "poor management, internal divisions, and effective Canadian scouts, French regular forces, and Indian warrior allies", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": "Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", + "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": "", + "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e1": "1755", + "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e2": "a disaster", + "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e3": "", + "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e4": "Fort Beaus\u00e9jour", + "5ad3a16d604f3c001a3fe9e5": "", + "5733d249d058e614000b6331": "William Pitt", + "5733d249d058e614000b6332": "limited", + "5733d249d058e614000b6333": "France concentrated its forces against Prussia and its allies in the European theatre of the war", + "5733d249d058e614000b6334": "Sainte Foy in Quebec", + "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f5": "", + "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f6": "", + "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f7": "", + "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f8": "", + "5ad3a1cd604f3c001a3fe9f9": "", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": "France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": "It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans) to its ally Spain, in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida", + "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": "one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict", + "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea1d": "", + "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea1e": "France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain", + "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea1f": "", + "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea20": "", + "5ad3a21d604f3c001a3fea21": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": "the 1740s", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": "it obscures the fact that Indians fought on both sides of the conflict", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": "a much larger conflict between France and Great Britain", + "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": "the Fourth Intercolonial War and the Great War for the Empire", + "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea31": "", + "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea32": "", + "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea33": "", + "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea34": "", + "5ad3a27c604f3c001a3fea35": "", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": "from the official declaration of war in 1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": "six years", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": "1760", + "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": "Battle of Jumonville Glen", + "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3b": "", + "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3c": "from the Battle of Jumonville Glen in 1754 to the capture of Montreal in 1760", + "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3d": "", + "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3e": "", + "5ad3a2e3604f3c001a3fea3f": "", + "5733d5704776f4190066130e": "about 75,000", + "5733d5704776f4190066130f": "along the St. Lawrence River valley", + "5733d5704776f41900661310": "throughout the St. Lawrence and Mississippi watersheds", + "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea59": "", + "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5a": "", + "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5b": "", + "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5c": "", + "5ad3a342604f3c001a3fea5d": "", + "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": "20 to 1", + "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": "along the eastern coast of the continent", + "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": "along the coast", + "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea63": "", + "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea64": "", + "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea65": "", + "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea66": "", + "5ad3a38c604f3c001a3fea67": "", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": "native tribes", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": "the Mi'kmaq and the Abenaki", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": "present-day Upstate New York and the Ohio Country", + "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": "Iroquois", + "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea77": "", + "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea78": "", + "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea79": "", + "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea7a": "", + "5ad3a3fc604f3c001a3fea7b": "", + "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": "Catawba", + "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": "western portions of the Great Lakes region", + "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": "Iroquois Six Nations, and also by the Cherokee", + "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feac9": "", + "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feaca": "", + "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feacb": "", + "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feacc": "", + "5ad3a733604f3c001a3feacd": "", + "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": "no French regular army troops were stationed in North America", + "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": "few", + "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": "", + "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead3": "", + "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead4": "", + "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead5": "", + "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead6": "", + "5ad3a79a604f3c001a3fead7": "", + "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": "3,000 miles", + "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": "Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians", + "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": "Whenever he encountered British merchants or fur-traders, C\u00e9loron informed them of the French claims on the territory and told them to leave", + "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feadd": "buried lead plates engraved with the French claim to the Ohio Country", + "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feade": "", + "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feadf": "", + "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feae0": "Troupes de la marine and 30 Indians", + "5ad3a7ef604f3c001a3feae1": "", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "they owned the Ohio Country", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": "Pickawillany", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "ignored the warning", + "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": "ignored the warning", + "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf1": "", + "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf2": "", + "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf3": "", + "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf4": "", + "5ad3a839604f3c001a3feaf5": "", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": "very badly disposed towards the French", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": "William Shirley", + "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": "British colonists would not be safe as long as the French were present", + "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafb": "", + "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafc": "very badly disposed towards the French", + "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafd": "", + "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feafe": "", + "5ad3a893604f3c001a3feaff": "British colonists would not be safe as long as the French were present", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": "1749", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": "Ohio Company of Virginia", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": "Christopher Gist", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": "Treaty of Logstown", + "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": "at the mouth of the Monongahela River", + "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb05": "", + "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb06": "", + "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb07": "", + "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb08": "", + "5ad3a8fe604f3c001a3feb09": "", + "5733e771d058e614000b6545": "King George's War", + "5733e771d058e614000b6546": "the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle", + "5733e771d058e614000b6547": "", + "5733e771d058e614000b6548": "it reached no decision", + "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd3": "the Ohio Country", + "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd4": "", + "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd5": "", + "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd6": "issues in Europe", + "5ad3ad01604f3c001a3febd7": "it reached no decision", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": "Marquis de la Jonqui\u00e8re", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": "300", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": "to punish the Miami people of Pickawillany for not following C\u00e9loron's orders to cease trading with the British", + "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": "capturing three traders and killing 14 people of the Miami nation", + "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec03": "", + "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec04": "", + "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec05": "", + "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec06": "", + "5ad3ad60604f3c001a3fec07": "", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": "Paul Marin de la Malgue", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": "Presque Isle", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": "Fort Le Boeuf", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": "to protect the King's land in the Ohio Valley from the British", + "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": "Tanaghrisson", + "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec15": "", + "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec16": "", + "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec17": "Fort Presque Isle", + "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec18": "", + "5ad3ade2604f3c001a3fec19": "", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "Superintendent for Indian Affairs", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": "Warraghiggey", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "colonel", + "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": "Mohawk Chief Hendrick", + "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec47": "", + "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec48": "", + "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec49": "", + "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec4a": "", + "5ad3ae4f604f3c001a3fec4b": "", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": "Ohio Company", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": "Major George Washington", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": "Jacob Van Braam", + "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": "December 12", + "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec51": "", + "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec52": "Ohio Company", + "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec53": "", + "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec54": "", + "5ad3aedc604f3c001a3fec55": "", + "5733f062d058e614000b6633": "Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre", + "5733f062d058e614000b6634": "the letter from Dinwiddie demanding an immediate French withdrawal from the Ohio Country", + "5733f062d058e614000b6635": "\"As to the Summons you send me to retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it.\"", + "5733f062d058e614000b6636": "superior to that of the British, since Ren\u00e9-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle had explored the Ohio Country nearly a century earlier", + "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec73": "", + "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec74": "", + "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec75": "", + "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec76": "\"As to the Summons you send me to retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it.\"", + "5ad3af4e604f3c001a3fec77": "", + "5733f1784776f41900661575": "500", + "5733f1784776f41900661576": "early months of 1754", + "5733f1784776f41900661577": "Fort Duquesne", + "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec85": "", + "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec86": "", + "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec87": "", + "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec88": "", + "5ad3afa9604f3c001a3fec89": "", + "5733f309d058e614000b6648": "surprised the Canadians", + "5733f309d058e614000b6649": "They killed many of the Canadians, including their commanding officer, Joseph Coulon de Jumonville", + "5733f309d058e614000b664a": "to gain the support of the British and regain authority over his own people", + "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb1": "", + "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb2": "", + "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb3": "", + "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb4": "", + "5ad3b08b604f3c001a3fecb5": "", + "5733f410d058e614000b6663": "to dislodge the French", + "5733f410d058e614000b6664": "well before Braddock's departure for North America", + "5733f410d058e614000b6665": "King Louis XV dispatched six regiments to New France under the command of Baron Dieskau in 1755", + "5733f410d058e614000b6666": "intending to blockade French ports", + "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd5": "to dislodge the French", + "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd6": "", + "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd7": "", + "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd8": "", + "5ad3b147604f3c001a3fecd9": "British military plans", + "5733f5264776f419006615a3": "the Albany Congress", + "5733f5264776f419006615a4": "to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", + "5733f5264776f419006615a5": "The plan that the delegates agreed to was never ratified by the colonial legislatures", + "5733f5264776f419006615a6": "to formalize a unified front in trade and negotiations with various Indians", + "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3fece9": "", + "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3fecea": "", + "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3feceb": "", + "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3fecec": "The plan that the delegates agreed to was never ratified by the colonial legislatures nor approved of by the crown", + "5ad3b1be604f3c001a3feced": "", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": "Braddock", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": "a disaster", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": "Approximately 1,000", + "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": "Washington and Thomas Gage", + "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed05": "", + "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed06": "", + "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed07": "", + "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed08": "", + "5ad3b260604f3c001a3fed09": "", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": "Shirley and Johnson", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": "logistical difficulties", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": "absence", + "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": "garrisons", + "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed23": "", + "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed24": "", + "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed25": "", + "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed26": "", + "5ad3b2e8604f3c001a3fed27": "", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": "Marquis de Vaudreuil", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": "Vaudreuil sent Dieskau to Fort St. Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric to meet that threat", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": "Johnson", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": "Fort William Henry", + "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": "Ticonderoga Point", + "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed49": "", + "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4a": "", + "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4b": "", + "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4c": "", + "5ad3b373604f3c001a3fed4d": "Ticonderoga Point", + "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": "Colonel Monckton", + "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": "ordered the deportation of the French-speaking Acadian population from the area", + "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": "the only clashes of any size were at Petitcodiac in 1755 and at Bloody Creek near Annapolis Royal in 1757", + "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed67": "", + "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed68": "Colonel Monckton", + "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed69": "", + "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed6a": "", + "5ad3b3dc604f3c001a3fed6b": "", + "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": "William Shirley", + "5733faaf4776f41900661630": "Albany", + "5733faaf4776f41900661631": "attacks on Fort Frontenac on the north shore of Lake Ontario", + "5733faaf4776f41900661632": "through the wilderness of the Maine district", + "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7b": "", + "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7c": "", + "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7d": "", + "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7e": "", + "5ad3b498604f3c001a3fed7f": "", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": "Major General James Abercrombie", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": "Major General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm", + "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": "May 18, 1756", + "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed99": "", + "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9a": "", + "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9b": "", + "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9c": "", + "5ad3b4e8604f3c001a3fed9d": "", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": "Oneida Carry", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "the weakness of the British supply chain", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": "45,000 pounds", + "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": "campaigns on Lake Ontario", + "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb3": "", + "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb4": "", + "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb5": "weakness of the British supply chain", + "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb6": "", + "5ad3b567604f3c001a3fedb7": "", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": "Abercrombie", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": "Ticonderoga", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": "Oswego", + "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": "the disposition of prisoners' personal effects", + "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfb": "Ticonderoga", + "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfc": "", + "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfd": "", + "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedfe": "Oswego", + "5ad3b6d8604f3c001a3fedff": "Europeans did not consider them prizes", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": "an attack on New France's capital, Quebec", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": "to distract Montcalm", + "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": "William Pitt", + "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": "Loudoun returned to New York amid news that a massacre had occurred at Fort William Henry", + "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee23": "", + "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee24": "", + "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee25": "", + "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee26": "William Pitt", + "5ad3b781604f3c001a3fee27": "a fleet outnumbering the British one awaited Loudoun at Louisbourg. Faced with this strength, Loudoun returned to New York", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": "Montcalm and 7,000 troops", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": "Lake George", + "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": "attacked the British column", + "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee47": "", + "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee48": "", + "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee49": "Lake George", + "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee4a": "Lake George", + "5ad3b826604f3c001a3fee4b": "attacked the British column", + "57340111d058e614000b677d": "British blockade of the French coastline", + "57340111d058e614000b677e": "poor harvest", + "57340111d058e614000b677f": "St. Lawrence", + "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee63": "", + "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee64": "", + "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee65": "", + "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee66": "", + "5ad3b911604f3c001a3fee67": "St. Lawrence", + "5734025d4776f419006616c3": "The British failures in North America", + "5734025d4776f419006616c4": "Loudoun", + "5734025d4776f419006616c5": "three major offensive actions", + "5734025d4776f419006616c6": "Two", + "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee87": "", + "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee88": "", + "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee89": "", + "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee8a": "", + "5ad3b9cd604f3c001a3fee8b": "", + "573403394776f419006616dd": "3,600", + "573403394776f419006616de": "", + "573403394776f419006616df": "destroyed Fort Frontenac", + "573403394776f419006616e0": "Abercrombie was recalled and replaced by Jeffery Amherst, victor at Louisbourg.", + "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9b": "3,600", + "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9c": "", + "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9d": "", + "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9e": "destroyed Fort Frontenac", + "5ad3ba81604f3c001a3fee9f": "Abercrombie was recalled and replaced by Jeffery Amherst, victor at Louisbourg.", + "57340549d058e614000b67dd": "an invasion of Britain", + "57340549d058e614000b67de": "The invasion failed both militarily and politically", + "57340549d058e614000b67df": "Lagos and Quiberon Bay", + "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feeb9": "", + "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feeba": "", + "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feebb": "both militarily and politically", + "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feebc": "The invasion failed both militarily and politically", + "5ad3bb12604f3c001a3feebd": "", + "573406d1d058e614000b6801": "James Wolfe", + "573406d1d058e614000b6802": "victory at Fort Niagara successfully cut off the French frontier forts further to the west and south", + "573406d1d058e614000b6803": "Battle of Sainte-Foy", + "573406d1d058e614000b6804": "naval Battle of the Restigouche", + "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec3": "", + "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec4": "James Wolfe", + "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec5": "", + "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec6": "", + "5ad3bb68604f3c001a3feec7": "", + "573407d7d058e614000b6813": "Governor Vaudreuil", + "573407d7d058e614000b6814": "freedom to continue worshiping in their Roman Catholic tradition, continued ownership of their property, and the right to remain undisturbed in their homes", + "573407d7d058e614000b6815": "General Amherst", + "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feecd": "", + "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feece": "", + "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feecf": "", + "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feed0": "", + "5ad3bbcc604f3c001a3feed1": "Governor Vaudreuil", + "573408ef4776f41900661757": "10 February 1763", + "573408ef4776f41900661758": "15 February 1763", + "573408ef4776f41900661759": "The British offered France the choice of surrendering either its continental North American possessions east of the Mississippi or the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique", + "573408ef4776f4190066175a": "They viewed the economic value of the Caribbean islands' sugar cane to be greater and easier to defend than the furs from the continent", + "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feedf": "", + "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee0": "", + "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee1": "", + "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee2": "", + "5ad3bc28604f3c001a3feee3": "", + "57340a094776f4190066177d": "80,000", + "57340a094776f4190066177e": "1755", + "57340a094776f4190066177f": "throughout its North American provinces", + "57340a094776f41900661780": "New Orleans", + "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefb": "", + "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefc": "", + "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefd": "", + "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feefe": "", + "5ad3bce5604f3c001a3feeff": "", + "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": "King George III", + "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": "outlined the division and administration of the newly conquered territory, and to some extent continues to govern relations between the government of modern Canada and the First Nations", + "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": "lands west of the Appalachian Mountains", + "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef0f": "", + "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef10": "", + "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef11": "", + "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef12": "", + "5ad3bd30604f3c001a3fef13": "", + "57340d124776f419006617bf": "disappearance of a strong ally and counterweight to British expansion", + "57340d124776f419006617c0": "legal and illegal settlement due to the construction of military roads to the area by Braddock and Forbes", + "57340d124776f419006617c1": "1769", + "57340d124776f419006617c2": "tribes that did not want to do business with the British", + "57340d124776f419006617c3": "Cuba", + "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef23": "", + "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef24": "", + "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef25": "1769", + "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef26": "", + "5ad3bd87604f3c001a3fef27": "", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": "force", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": "A fundamental error", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": "", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": "nearly three hundred years", + "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": "Einstein", + "5ad25efad7d075001a428f56": "", + "5ad25efad7d075001a428f57": "", + "5ad25efad7d075001a428f58": "", + "5ad25efad7d075001a428f59": "motion and force", + "5ad25efad7d075001a428f5a": "", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": "", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": "the fundamental means by which forces are emitted and absorbed", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": "", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": "electromagnetic", + "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": "a more fundamental electroweak interaction", + "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f84": "", + "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f85": "", + "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f86": "", + "5ad25f82d7d075001a428f87": "", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "Aristotle", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": "Aristotelian cosmology", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": "four", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": "on the ground", + "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": "unnatural", + "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc6": "", + "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc7": "", + "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc8": "", + "5ad2605dd7d075001a428fc9": "", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "17th century", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": "Galileo Galilei", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": "", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": "Galileo Galilei", + "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": "", + "5ad26103d7d075001a428fec": "", + "5ad26103d7d075001a428fed": "", + "5ad26103d7d075001a428fee": "", + "5ad26103d7d075001a428fef": "", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": "Newton's", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": "a lack of net force", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": "Newton's First Law", + "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": "", + "5ad261a4d7d075001a429048": "", + "5ad261a4d7d075001a429049": "", + "5ad261a4d7d075001a42904a": "Newton's First Law", + "5ad261a4d7d075001a42904b": "", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": "the laws of physics", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": "curving parabolic path", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": "at rest", + "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": "Inertia", + "5ad26257d7d075001a42909c": "", + "5ad26257d7d075001a42909d": "person", + "5ad26257d7d075001a42909e": "", + "5ad26257d7d075001a42909f": "", + "573749741c4567190057445d": "inertia", + "573749741c4567190057445e": "rotational inertia", + "573749741c4567190057445f": "Albert Einstein", + "573749741c45671900574460": "weightlessness", + "573749741c45671900574461": "principle of equivalence", + "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d4": "", + "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d5": "", + "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d6": "", + "5ad262f7d7d075001a4290d7": "", + "573750f51c45671900574467": "Newton's Second Law", + "573750f61c45671900574468": "kinematic measurements", + "573750f61c45671900574469": "General relativity", + "573750f61c4567190057446a": "it is unclear as to how or whether this connection is relevant on microscales", + "573750f61c4567190057446b": "relative", + "5ad26382d7d075001a42911a": "", + "5ad26382d7d075001a42911b": "", + "5ad26382d7d075001a42911c": "", + "5ad26382d7d075001a42911d": "", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "Newton's Third Law", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "The third law", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": "a unidirectional force", + "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "equal in magnitude and opposite in direction", + "5ad26421d7d075001a42913e": "", + "5ad26421d7d075001a42913f": "", + "5ad26421d7d075001a429140": "", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": "the center of mass", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": "closed system", + "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": "", + "5ad266f6d7d075001a4291fe": "", + "5ad266f6d7d075001a4291ff": "", + "5ad266f6d7d075001a429200": "", + "5ad266f6d7d075001a429201": "", + "573766251c45671900574471": "intuitive understanding", + "573766251c45671900574472": "", + "573766251c45671900574473": "Newtonian mechanics", + "573766251c45671900574474": "experimentation", + "5ad26797d7d075001a429236": "", + "5ad26797d7d075001a429237": "", + "5ad26797d7d075001a429238": "force", + "5ad26797d7d075001a429239": "", + "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": "vector quantities", + "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": "scalar quantities", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": "Associating forces with vectors", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": "ambiguous", + "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": "you do not know which direction either person is pulling", + "5ad26839d7d075001a42925a": "", + "5ad26839d7d075001a42925b": "", + "5ad26839d7d075001a42925c": "", + "5ad26839d7d075001a42925d": "", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": "static equilibrium", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": "magnitude and direction", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": "net force", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": "their respective lines of application", + "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": "parallelogram rule of vector addition: the addition of two vectors represented by sides of a parallelogram", + "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c4": "", + "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c5": "", + "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c6": "", + "5ad26925d7d075001a4292c7": "", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": "independent components", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": "two", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": "the original force", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": "orthogonal components", + "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": "three-dimensional", + "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e0": "", + "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e1": "", + "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e2": "", + "5ad269a7d7d075001a4292e3": "", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "static friction", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": "static friction", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": "applied force resulting in no acceleration", + "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": "applied force", + "5ad26a5fd7d075001a429318": "", + "5ad26a5fd7d075001a429319": "the object does not move because the applied force is opposed by static friction, generated between the object and the table surface. For a situation with no movement", + "5ad26a5fd7d075001a42931a": "static friction", + "5ad26a5fd7d075001a42931b": "", + "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": "forces", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "spring reaction force", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": "the object's weight", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": "force of gravity", + "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": "Isaac Newton", + "5ad26aedd7d075001a429332": "", + "5ad26aedd7d075001a429333": "", + "5ad26aedd7d075001a429334": "", + "5ad26aedd7d075001a429335": "", + "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": "Galileo", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": "rest", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": "Aristotle", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": "behind the foot of the mast of a moving ship", + "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": "behind the foot of the mast of a moving ship", + "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937c": "", + "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937d": "", + "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937e": "", + "5ad26c15d7d075001a42937f": "", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": "dynamic equilibrium", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": "kinetic friction force", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": "kinetic friction", + "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": "Aristotle", + "5ad27697d7d075001a429518": "", + "5ad27697d7d075001a429519": "", + "5ad27697d7d075001a42951a": "", + "5ad27697d7d075001a42951b": "", + "57377aac1c45671900574479": "Schr\u00f6dinger equation", + "57377aac1c4567190057447a": "Newtonian equations", + "57377aac1c4567190057447b": "classical position variables", + "57377aac1c4567190057447c": "quantized\"", + "57377aac1c4567190057447d": "", + "5ad2772cd7d075001a42953e": "", + "5ad2772cd7d075001a42953f": "", + "5ad2772cd7d075001a429540": "", + "5ad2772cd7d075001a429541": "physics", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "spin", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": "Pauli principle", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": "the value of the spin", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": "", + "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": "", + "5ad277d3d7d075001a429546": "the value of the spin", + "5ad277d3d7d075001a429547": "", + "5ad277d3d7d075001a429548": "", + "5ad277d3d7d075001a429549": "", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": "", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "force", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "conservation of momentum", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": "Feynman diagrams", + "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": "straight", + "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957c": "", + "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957d": "", + "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957e": "", + "5ad278c3d7d075001a42957f": "", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": "four", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": "The strong and weak forces", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": "The electromagnetic force", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": "masses", + "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": "Pauli exclusion principle", + "5ad27941d7d075001a4295a8": "", + "5ad27941d7d075001a4295a9": "", + "5ad27941d7d075001a4295aa": "", + "5ad27941d7d075001a4295ab": "The strong and weak forces", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": "Isaac Newton", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "20th", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": "unification models", + "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": "string theory", + "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c2": "", + "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c3": "", + "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c4": "", + "5ad279e5d7d075001a4295c5": "", + "573784fa1c45671900574483": "Isaac Newton", + "573784fa1c45671900574484": "Galileo", + "573784fa1c45671900574485": "9.81 meters per second", + "573784fa1c45671900574486": "sea level", + "573784fa1c45671900574487": "", + "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fa": "", + "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fb": "", + "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fc": "", + "5ad27a80d7d075001a4295fd": "", + "573786b51c4567190057448d": "at larger distances", + "573786b51c4567190057448e": "", + "573786b51c4567190057448f": "the mass of the attracting body", + "573786b51c45671900574490": "radius", + "5ad27e30d7d075001a429700": "", + "5ad27e30d7d075001a429701": "an inverse square law", + "5ad27e30d7d075001a429702": "", + "5ad27e30d7d075001a429703": "", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": "a dimensional constant", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": "Henry Cavendish", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": "1798", + "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": "Newton", + "5ad27f01d7d075001a429742": "", + "5ad27f01d7d075001a429743": "", + "5ad27f01d7d075001a429744": "", + "5ad27f01d7d075001a429745": "", + "5737898f1c45671900574495": "Mercury", + "5737898f1c45671900574496": "Vulcan", + "5737898f1c45671900574497": "Newton's Law of Gravitation", + "5737898f1c45671900574498": "Albert Einstein", + "5737898f1c45671900574499": "Albert Einstein", + "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429782": "", + "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429783": "", + "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429784": "theory of general relativity", + "5ad27fb9d7d075001a429785": "", + "57378b141c4567190057449f": "general relativity", + "57378b141c456719005744a0": "straight line path", + "57378b141c456719005744a1": "gravitational force", + "57378b141c456719005744a2": "global sense", + "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a6": "", + "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a7": "", + "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a8": "", + "5ad28035d7d075001a4297a9": "", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": "Lorentz's Law", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": "electric current", + "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": "electromagnetic force", + "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": "Lorentz's Law", + "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d6": "", + "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d7": "magnetism", + "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d8": "", + "5ad280d4d7d075001a4297d9": "", + "57378e311c456719005744af": "James Clerk Maxwell", + "57378e311c456719005744b0": "1864", + "57378e311c456719005744b1": "20", + "57378e311c456719005744b2": "4", + "57378e311c456719005744b3": "James Clerk Maxwell", + "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fa": "", + "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fb": "", + "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fc": "", + "5ad28173d7d075001a4297fd": "James Clerk Maxwell", + "573792ee1c456719005744b9": "", + "573792ee1c456719005744ba": "quantum mechanics", + "573792ee1c456719005744bb": "quantum electrodynamics", + "573792ee1c456719005744bc": "photons", + "573792ee1c456719005744bd": "quantum electrodynamics", + "5ad28237d7d075001a429820": "", + "5ad28237d7d075001a429821": "", + "5ad28237d7d075001a429822": "", + "5ad28237d7d075001a429823": "electromagnetism", + "5737958b1c456719005744c3": "repulsion of like charges under the influence of the electromagnetic force", + "5737958b1c456719005744c4": "the Pauli exclusion principle", + "5737958b1c456719005744c5": "energy", + "5737958b1c456719005744c6": "as a structural force", + "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985a": "", + "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985b": "", + "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985c": "", + "5ad283bcd7d075001a42985d": "", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": "elementary particles", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": "a residual of the force", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": "", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": "gluons", + "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": "color confinement", + "5ad28471d7d075001a429876": "", + "5ad28471d7d075001a429877": "", + "5ad28471d7d075001a429878": "", + "5ad28471d7d075001a429879": "", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": "The weak force", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": "beta decay", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": "radioactivity", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": "1013", + "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": "", + "5ad28597d7d075001a4298ae": "", + "5ad28597d7d075001a4298af": "", + "5ad28597d7d075001a4298b0": "", + "5ad28597d7d075001a4298b1": "", + "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": "The normal force", + "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": "Pauli repulsion", + "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": "fermionic nature of electrons", + "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": "", + "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c0": "", + "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c1": "Pauli repulsion", + "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c2": "", + "5ad28614d7d075001a4298c3": "", + "57379ed81c456719005744d5": "ideal strings", + "57379ed81c456719005744d6": "ideal pulleys", + "57379ed81c456719005744d7": "", + "57379ed81c456719005744d8": "conservation of mechanical energy", + "57379ed81c456719005744d9": "connecting the same string multiple times to the same object", + "5ad2866ed7d075001a4298e6": "", + "5ad2866ed7d075001a4298e7": "", + "5ad2866ed7d075001a4298e8": "", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": "idealized point particles", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": "", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": "extended fluids", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": "other parts of an object", + "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": "extended structure", + "5ad286fdd7d075001a429900": "", + "5ad286fdd7d075001a429901": "", + "5ad286fdd7d075001a429902": "", + "5ad286fdd7d075001a429903": "", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "forces", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": "stress-tensor", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": "pressure terms", + "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "", + "5ad2877cd7d075001a429912": "", + "5ad2877cd7d075001a429913": "", + "5ad2877cd7d075001a429914": "", + "5ad2877cd7d075001a429915": "", + "5737a4511c456719005744df": "rotation", + "5737a4511c456719005744e0": "an unbalanced torque", + "5737a4511c456719005744e1": "Newton's Second Law of Motion", + "5ad28846d7d075001a42992e": "", + "5ad28846d7d075001a42992f": "", + "5ad28846d7d075001a429930": "", + "5ad28846d7d075001a429931": "First Law of Motion", + "5737a5931c456719005744e7": "toward the center of the curving path", + "5737a5931c456719005744e8": "perpendicular", + "5737a5931c456719005744e9": "the radial (centripetal) force", + "5737a5931c456719005744ea": "radial", + "5737a5931c456719005744eb": "tangential force", + "5ad288e1d7d075001a429970": "", + "5ad288e1d7d075001a429971": "where is the mass of the object", + "5ad288e1d7d075001a429972": "", + "5ad288e1d7d075001a429973": "", + "5737a7351c456719005744f1": "", + "5737a7351c456719005744f2": "", + "5737a7351c456719005744f3": "net mechanical energy", + "5737a7351c456719005744f4": "the difference in potential energy", + "5737a7351c456719005744f5": "", + "5ad2895bd7d075001a429982": "", + "5ad2895bd7d075001a429983": "", + "5ad2895bd7d075001a429984": "", + "5ad2895bd7d075001a429985": "", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": "forces", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": "gradient of potentials", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": "friction", + "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": "Nonconservative forces", + "5ad289c2d7d075001a42999e": "", + "5ad289c2d7d075001a42999f": "", + "5ad289c2d7d075001a4299a0": "", + "5ad289c2d7d075001a4299a1": "", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": "", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": "nonconservative forces", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": "", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": "nonconservative forces", + "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": "nonconservative forces", + "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b0": "", + "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b1": "", + "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b2": "", + "5ad28a57d7d075001a4299b3": "", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": "pound-force", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": "kilopond", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": "the metric slug", + "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": "", + "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": "", + "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299cc": "", + "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299cd": "", + "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299ce": "", + "5ad28ad0d7d075001a4299cf": "" +}