---
license: odc-by
task_categories:
- text-generation
language:
- en
pretty_name: Primus-FineWeb
tags:
- cybersecurity
- pretraining
- FineWeb
size_categories:
- 1M<n<10M
extra_gated_fields:
  Affiliation: text
  Country: country
  I want to use this model for:
    type: select
    options:
    - Research
    - Commercial
    - label: Other
      value: other
  Job title:
    type: select
    options:
    - Student
    - Research graduate
    - AI researcher
    - AI developer/engineer
    - Cybersecurity researcher
    - Reporter
    - Other
  geo: ip_location
library_name: transformers
---

> ⭐ Please download the dataset from [here](https://huggingface.co/datasets/trendmicro-ailab/Primus-FineWeb).


# PRIMUS: A Pioneering Collection of Open-Source Datasets for Cybersecurity LLM Training

## 🤗 Primus-FineWeb

The **Primus-FineWeb** dataset is constructed by filtering cybersecurity-related text from FineWeb, a refined version of Common Crawl. We began by leveraging _Primus-Seed_, a high-quality dataset of manually curated cybersecurity text, as positive samples. We then sampled ten times the amount of data from FineWeb as negative samples and trained a **binary cybersecurity classifier** based on TinyBERT. Using this classifier, we assigned each text in FineWeb a score between **0 and 1** and filtered out texts with a score greater than **0.003**, creating the Primus-FineWeb with 15.3 billion tokens. However, after discovering a significant amount of duplicate content, we performed deduplication, reducing the final dataset to **🔥 2.57 billion tokens of cybersecurity corpus**.

🚀🚀 For more details, see our paper:  
[https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.11191](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.11191)

---

## Why was the threshold set at 0.003?

We divided the score range (0-1) into several bins and randomly sampled 50 examples from each bin. These samples were then scored by GPT-4o to determine the proportion of text that was "_truly_" cybersecurity-related. We found that if the score was below 0.003, the proportion of cybersecurity text fell below 50%.

<img src="https://i.imgur.com/XbqpmbI.png" alt="Threshold Selection" width="60%">


## FineWeb: Cybersecurity Score vs. Token Count

<img src="https://i.imgur.com/6twJL1p.png" alt="Cybersecurity Score vs. Token Count" width="65%">

---

## License

This dataset is released under the **ODC-By** license. However, you must still comply with the **FineWeb license** and the **Common Crawl Terms of Use**.