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97072701 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-06T00:45:34.594Z | 2005-08-15T00:00:00.000Z | Light collection optics for a measurement of the air fluorescence yield
Air fluorescence yield is defined as the number of photons, produced by a charged particle, per meter of travel in the air. The excited molecules emit light in the near UV and in the visible region between 300 nm and 400 nm. We describe the simple light collection system for analysis of the faint signal. |
37652301 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:07:26.525Z | 1979-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Short-term effect of zinc sulphate on plasma and hepatic concentrations of vitamins A and E in normal weanling rats.
In normal weanling male rats, the intraperitoneal administration of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) resulted in a decreased hepatic and an increased plasa concentration of vitamin A after 2 h. In an in vitro study, the vitamin A concentrations of liver homogenates were markedly increased when homogenized livers were treated with ZnSO4, ZnSO4, however, did not show any effect on plasma and liver concentrations of vitamin E. These results indicate that zinc may be specifically involved in mobilizing vitamin A from liver to the circulation of normal animals within a short period. The trace element, therefore, could be used only to treat cases of depressed vitamin A in plasma but also to treat hepatic toxicity from hypervitaminosis A. |
232253501 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-08-18T08:44:17.266Z | 2005-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Letter from the Editors
Dear Paul: Those are reasonable questions, that writing specialists ought to answer for you. But experts, of course, disagree. The co-editors of this journal do not entirely agree. And talk about “proofs” is much less fashionable among writing specialists than it used to be. Still, some of us who do writing-across-the-disciplines consider a proof in “our discipline” to be a proof in “your discipline.” That is, some rhetoricians and some linguists study proofs in other disciplines/ situations, asking, “What criteria do people in those disciplines/situations use to evaluate proofs?” “What counts as a valid proof in chemistry? In history? In psychology? In feminist research?” Broadly speaking, rhetoricians and linguists often focus on the language and practices of mature practitioners in the disciplines, and identify themselves with writing-in-the-disciplines or “WID.” Compositionists seldom use the word “proof.” They focus on students and on their whole composing process, broadly conceived. Compositionists are more closely associated with writing-across-the-curriculum, or “WAC,” and are often very interested in social and educational reform. These are the extreme positions—most interesting research and practice is carried on in sites which employ some complex configuration of these elements. |
134010651 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-27T13:05:08.436Z | 2007-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Contested Light: Integrity and Power in Eastern Sabah Kadazan Villages
Describing Borneo villagers who follow clearly discerned local and Christian paths in opting for multiple religious belonging embedded in their identity as Kadazan Anglicans and in exploring their and others' views, I argue from a sociologically and historically aware approach, noting the power as well as loving kindness in the creation and expansion of Gospel, Faith and Church. This may enable us to approach the subject of multiple belonging and identity with a certain caution. The need for sociological awareness amid the current hopes for and critiques of inculturation are familiar; that for historical awareness of the “return of the same” perhaps less so. While “talking out of time” has its dangers, these are no more than “talking out of place,” and this paper, therefore, also touches on the early church discourses in both Italy and Britain. |
28783351 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-11-02T16:28:36.587Z | 2016-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY OF TWO CLINICAL TESTS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF HIP ABDUCTOR ENDURANCE IN HEALTHY FEMALES.
BACKGROUND
Substantial deficits in performance of hip abductor in patients with common lower extremity injuries are reported in literature. Therefore, assessing hip abductor endurance might be of major importance for clinicians and researchers.
PURPOSES
The purpose of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability of two hip abductor endurance tests in healthy females. Learning effect, systematic difference in the rate of perceived exertion and relationship between endurance performance and some clinical characteristics of participants were also investigated.
DESIGN
Observational study, with a test-retest design.
METHODS
Thirty-six healthy females, aged 18-30 years, were recruited. In two identical assessment sessions, the participants performed an isometric hip abductor strength test and two different hip abductor endurance tests.
RESULTS
Isometric and dynamic endurance tests demonstrated good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) = 0.73 and 0.78, respectively). The standard errors of measurement (SEM) and the minimal detectable changes (MDC) were, respectively, 19.8 and 54.9 seconds for isometric endurance test and 21.2 and 58.7 repetitions for dynamic endurance test. Moderate correlation between both endurance tests (r = 0.60, p = 0.0001) and weak correlation between dynamic endurance test and strength (r = 0.44, p = 0.008) were found.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the present study demonstrate good test-retest reliability of two non-instrumented clinical tests of hip abductor endurance in healthy females.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
2b. |
60465901 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-02-13T14:08:18.656Z | 2002-08-07T00:00:00.000Z | Evaluation of radar cross section of large platforms by the method of moment at PC computers
For electrically large platforms approximating potentials of higher order basis functions can be fully exploited. In this case accurate results can be obtained even with 15 unknowns per wavelength squared. This means that symmetrical platforms with total surface area of 3000 /spl lambda//sup 2/ can be handled on personal computers. In the case of Mirage (whose length is about 12 meters) accurate results can be obtained at 2 GHz, at which its electrical length is 80 /spl lambda/. |
2957251 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 1984-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | Synaptic release of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter mediates anoxic neuronal death
The pathophysiology of hypoxic neuronal death, which is difficult to study in vivo, was further defined in vitro by placing dispersed cultures of rat hippocampal neurons into an anoxic atmosphere. Previous experiments had demonstrated that the addition of high concentrations of magnesium, which blocks transmitter release, protected anoxic neurons. These more recent experiments have shown that gamma-D- glutamylglycine (DGG), a postsynaptic blocker of excitatory amino acids, was highly effective in preventing anoxic neuronal death. DGG also completely protected the cultured neurons from the toxicity of exogenous glutamate (GLU) and aspartate (ASP). In parallel physiology experiments, DGG blocked the depolarization produced by GLU and ASP, and dramatically reduced EPSPs in synaptically coupled pairs of neurons. These results provide convincing evidence that the synaptic release of excitatory transmitter, most likely GLU or ASP, mediates the death of anoxic neurons. This result has far-reaching implications regarding the interpretation of the existing literature on cerebral hypoxia. Furthermore, it suggests new strategies that may be effective in preventing the devastating insults produced by cerebral hypoxia and ischemia in man. |
9596451 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-04-09T03:36:27.787Z | 2010-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | Managing UTI in primary care: should we be sending midstream urine samples?
The decision to prescribe antibiotics is one of the most common treatment decisions faced by frontline primary care clinicians daily, and urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections encountered.1 Although antimicrobial treatment for UTI is accepted in clinical practice, antibiotic resistance in urinary bacteria is increasing,2 with rates cited in the literature of between 20% and 40% to trimethoprim and amoxicillin respectively.3 Bacteria are adept at side-stepping human intervention (for example, antibiotics and vaccines) and are developing resistance to antibiotics faster than the pharmaceutical industry is developing new ones: only two new classes of antibiotics have been developed in the last 30 years.4
These problems highlight the need for high quality evidence to help primary care clinicians optimise the diagnosis and management of UTI. Fortunately, a plethora of high quality, clinically valuable, primary care research papers have been published recently, including four in the BMJ 5–8 and two in this month's BJGP .9,10
One of the BMJ papers reported that a range of management strategies (immediate versus delayed empirical antibiotics versus antibiotics guided by the results of dipstick versus symptom score versus midstream urine culture) achieved similar symptomatic results, while delayed empirical and dipstick-guided prescribing reduced antibiotic consumption.5 The authors concluded that there is ‘no advantage in routinely sending midstream urine [MSU] samples for [culture]’. This makes for an interesting and contrasting background to one of the papers reported in this month's BJGP ,9 which provides evidence in support of sending MSUs for culture.
This study by Vellinga et al provides some original and novel evidence for a practice, I suspect, is commonly used in primary care: that of looking for a previous urine culture to guide the treatment of a current, suspected UTI. … |
216192351 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-04-02T09:22:33.290Z | 2020-03-29T00:00:00.000Z | The impact of logistics performance on exports, imports and foreign direct investment
Logistics performance (LP) is strongly connected to trade and investment, and gains growing importance in describing the competitiveness of countries. Increasing world trade simultaneously requires continuous progress in logistics or transport technologies so that the performance of logistics infrastructure becomes a necessary condition for foreign investors to operate efficiently. The aim of this paper is to examine how LP contributes to trade and foreign direct investment (FDI). This question has been empirically analysed by performing a panel data analysis using secondary data on 20 Asiancountries. Our results prove a statistically significant relationship between LP and trade as well as FDI. So far, LP is rarely considered in explaining the attractiveness of countries as trading partners or as an investment target. The paper fills the gap in the literature by analysing the relationship between LP and trade as well as FDI. |
250515551 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-07-14T18:13:06.528Z | 2022-07-13T00:00:00.000Z | Multifrequency electromagnetic method for the hydrogeophysical characterization of hard-rock aquifers: the case of the upstream watershed of White Bandama (northern Ivory Coast)
In West Africa, the drinking water supply relies on the hard-rock aquifers. In Ivory Coast, the population growth along with the climate changes make drinking water resources highly vulnerable. The White Bandama upstream watershed, northern Ivory Coast, is located on a hard-rock aquifer which geometry and potential water resources are not yet well characterized. Indeed, the heterogeneous subsurface in this region shows high variability in the hydraulic conductivity inducing difficulties in the hydrogeological exploration. The determination of the geometry and hydrodynamic properties of the aquifer are required for a sustainable management of this water resource and for a better choice of future well locations.
This study presents a hydrogeophysical approach using the multifrequency electromagnetic device PROMIS®, as well as lithology logs and geological information of a 30 x 30 km zone in the north-western part of the White Bandama catchment. Our geophysical data are interpreted with 1D multi-layer models consistent with the discontinuities observed in lithology logs and the geology of the site. Results allow to precise the local thicknesses of the 3 main units of our study area down to 50 m, being from top to down, saprolite, a fissured-rock zone and the rock substratum. Between the saprolite and the fissured zone, the main aquifer unit constitutes the interesting target for productive water wells. Its thickness ranges from 15 to 30 m. A detailed knowledge of the local aquifer geometry constitutes the first and crucial step before going further into a complete hydrogeological study.
|
8617431 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-11-06T18:38:33.801Z | 2009-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Surgery--a challenge in haemophiliacs with inhibitors.
UNLABELLED
Treatment of haemophiliacs with inhibitors is of great concern in low-income countries confronting shortage in substitutive treatment. Invasive interventions on these patients represent a major challenge due to the fact that costs are significantly higher in comparison to similar procedures conducted on patients without inhibitors.
OBJECTIVE
In the context of insufficient availability of clotting factor, we aimed at highlighting the experience of surgical treatment in inhibitor patients. We analyzed the indications, types of performed interventions and outcomes.
PATIENTS, METHODS
This single center, retrospective analysis has been conducted on 7 inhibitor patients registered and treated in Haemophilia Center of Timisoara over ten years (1997-2007): six patients with severe hemophilia A (3 - high titer, 3 - low titer), one patient with von Willebrand disease (low titer).Three patients developed inhibitors only after 2-5 days post surgery.
RESULTS
A total of 15 invasive procedures were carried out: 2 orthopedic interventions (1 arthrodesis, 1 arthroscopic synovectomy), 2 urogenital interventions (1 surgical testicular detorsion, 1 orchiectomy), 4 limb amputations (2 bilateral upper and 2 lower limb amputation), 2 pseudotumour (PT) surgery interventions, 5 drainages (2 massive pyohaemothorax, 1 drainage of shank haematoma, 1 drainage of compressive forearm haematoma, 1 drainage of thigh haematoma). Haemostasis was achieved in patients with low level inhibitors (< 5 BU/ml) with high doses of FVIII concentrates; in those with high inhibitor level (> 5 BU/ml), surgery was managed using by-passing agents. Supplementation with local fibrin glue and intravenous or local antifibrinolytic agents was given in 68.75% of interventions. Postoperative complications consisted of haemorrhagic shock in 13.33% of interventions and infection in 6.66%. Haemostatic outcome was evaluated by blood loss and duration of treatment, compared to expectations for non-inhibitor patients. The outcome was excellent and good in 66.66% of interventions, and fair in 33.33%. Discussion, conclusion: Indication of invasive procedures in haemophiliacs with inhibitors was limited to life and/or limb-threatening situations. In low-income countries, inhibitor and recovery of FVIII monitoring is mandatory in the postoperative follow-up of patients with low or no substitution prior to surgery due to false negative results at the preoperative investigation. |
6972481 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2015-07-06T21:03:06.000Z | 2015-06-03T00:00:00.000Z | Provably correct peephole optimizations with alive
Compilers should not miscompile. Our work addresses problems in developing peephole optimizations that perform local rewriting to improve the efficiency of LLVM code. These optimizations are individually difficult to get right, particularly in the presence of undefined behavior; taken together they represent a persistent source of bugs. This paper presents Alive, a domain-specific language for writing optimizations and for automatically either proving them correct or else generating counterexamples. Furthermore, Alive can be automatically translated into C++ code that is suitable for inclusion in an LLVM optimization pass. Alive is based on an attempt to balance usability and formal methods; for example, it captures---but largely hides---the detailed semantics of three different kinds of undefined behavior in LLVM. We have translated more than 300 LLVM optimizations into Alive and, in the process, found that eight of them were wrong. |
250472211 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-07-13T16:38:41.322Z | 2022-06-15T00:00:00.000Z | THE FEATURE OF THE THIRD EDITION OF “DEDE KORKUT BOOK”
Previously, the Dresden and Vatican versions of the “Book of Korkut Ata” were known in science, which are a common literary relic of the Turkic peoples since ancient times. In 2018, the Korkut Ata Heritage was included in the UNESCO list of “intangible cultural Heritage”. Shortly after that, in 2019, the discovery of the third version in the Iranian region of Turkmen Sakhra increased the importance of this relic in world literature. Since 2019, the third version has been actively discussed between scientists-Turkologists of the world. Initially, three academic publications were published in Turkish, prepared by a group of researchers led by N.Shahgoli and Metin Ekiji, Yusuf Azmun. All three works included facsimiles, transcription of the manuscript, translation to Turkish, a frequency dictionary, and discovery of the relic. Later, the same format was printed in Azerbaijani and Uzbek. The third version of the “Korkyt Ata book” is one of the topical themes for Kazakh science. Therefore, this article discusses the features of the third version. In the step of the discovery, the physical feature of the manuscript is analyzed. Regarding the parable of Korkyt and the new epic in the third version, the opinions of scientists are differentiated, and they are presented by a comparative table. As a result, the feature of the third version was discovered, in which 23 parables and a new epic “The Murder of the seven-headed dragon by Salur Kazan” were used. |
24314061 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:57:07.641Z | 2008-05-26T00:00:00.000Z | Long-term cardiovascular mortality among middle-aged men with gout.
BACKGROUND
There are limited data available on the association of gouty arthritis (gout) in middle age with long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
METHODS
We performed a 17-year follow-up study of 9105 men, aged 41 to 63 years and at above-average risk for coronary heart disease, who were randomized to the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial and who did not die or have clinical or electrocardiographic evidence of coronary artery disease during the 6-year trial. Risk of CVD death and other causes subsequent to the sixth annual examination associated with gout was assessed by means of Cox proportional hazards regressions.
RESULTS
The unadjusted mortality rates from CVD among those with and without gout were 10.3 per 1000 person-years and 8.0 per 1000 person-years, respectively, representing an approximately 30% greater risk. After adjustment for traditional risk factors, use of diuretics and aspirin, and serum creatinine level, the hazard ratio (gout vs no gout) for coronary heart disease mortality was 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.72). The hazard ratio for death from myocardial infarction was 1.35 (95% CI, 0.94-1.93); for death from CVD overall, 1.21 (95% CI, 0.99-1.49); and for death from any cause, 1.09 (95% CI, 1.00-1.19) (P = .04). The association between hyperuricemia and CVD was weak and did not persist when analysis was limited to men with hyperuricemia without a diagnosis of gout.
CONCLUSION
Among middle-aged men, a diagnosis of gout accompanied by an elevated uric acid level imparts significant independent CVD mortality risk.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00000487. |
248537111 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-05-06T15:03:54.825Z | 2022-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | The Cooperative Game of Energy Between Russia, US and EU—Based on the Perspective of Nord Stream 2 Pipeline
Abstract: Nord Stream 2 pipeline is a new natural gas outlet pipeline based on Nord Stream Pipeline, which was started by Russia in 2012. The project was completed in September 2021, which, however, was delayed in supply of natural gas because of sanctions from the US and pressure from the EU. The game between Russia, the US and the EU over the project shows the strategic considerations behind the energy issues of the three parties, which was an embodiment of the tendency of the EU for marginalization. With the further tension between Russia and Ukraine causing new changes in the international energy situation, Russia’s purpose of using the Nord Stream 2 project to further develop energy relations with the EU is hindered, and the energy game between Russia, the US and the EU will fall into a new dilemma. But in the foreseeable future, the impact of Nord Stream 2 project on Europe’s energy landscape will continue to exist. How to seek common ground while shelving differences and develop cooperation will be the most practical choice for Russia and Europe at present. |
22934861 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-01-23T22:47:51.184Z | 1995-08-05T00:00:00.000Z | Cooperation between the human operator and the multi-agent robotic system: evaluation of agent monitoring methods for the human interface system
This paper first discusses the relation between the human operator and the decentralized autonomous robotic system. The operator relates himself to the system loosely in the decentralized autonomous system. The authors position the operator as a problem solver and a monitor of the system. The human operator is regarded as an agent in the decentralized autonomous robotic system. Then strategies of communication between the human operator and agents are discussed. The authors propose explicit and implicit communication strategies to monitor the system, and several monitoring methods to implement them: time-based and event-based monitoring for explicit communication and eavesdropping messages for implicit communication. The authors compare the monitoring methods in order to ascertain how much information the human operator can gather in each method using simulation. Finally, the characteristics of each monitoring method are analyzed. |
3167611 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:25:28.589Z | 2016-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | CSF tau correlates with CJD disease severity and cognitive decline
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is the most common prion disease in humans. The clinical diagnosis of CJD is supported by a combination of electroencephalogram, MRI, and the presence in the CSF of biomarkers. CSF tau is a marker for neuronal damage and tangle pathology, and is correlated with cognitive status in Alzheimer's disease (AD). |
249765211 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-06-18T13:05:18.119Z | 2009-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | The restoration of cerebrovascular myogenic function after hemorrhagic stroke development in stroke prone hypertensive rats
Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) development in Kyoto Wistar stroke prone hypertensive rats (SHRsp) is associated with the loss of pressure dependent constriction (PDC) in middle cerebral arteries (MCAs). We attempted to restore PDC by administering oral Captopril (CAP, 50 mg/kg/day) or Losartan (LOS, 35 mg/kg/day) treatment after stroke. MCAs were studied using a pressure myograph. MCAs from SHRsp with HS did not elicit constriction to a 100 mmHg pressure step or in response to PKC activation (phorbol dibutyrate 1μM, with 3μM nifedipine). Elevations in [K+]o (80mM) produced depolarization with attenuated constriction. The MCAs from post stroke SHRsp also could not utilize the sarcoplasmic release of Ca2+ to produce constraction (vasopressin 0.12 μM, with 3μM nifedipine). Post stroke CAP or LOS treatment restored these functions to pre‐stroke levels within 7 days without altering blood pressure. These functions deteriorated after 30 days of CAP treatment but were maintained past 100 days of LOS treatment. We believe that the loss of PDC after HS is produced by a dysfunctional PKC system and the presence of voltage gated Ca2+ channel that exhibits an attenuated response to depolarization. The enhanced ability of LOS to restore these functions after HS may be related to the physiological benefits of maintaining high plasma angiotensin II in combination with AT‐1 receptor blockade. |
218496761 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-08-18T09:11:30.605Z | 2010-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Multiple Analysis – A Borehole Seismic Solution
Summary Borehole seismic data acquired on wireline or during drilling have a variety of uses from industry standard corridor stack and sonic calibration to AVO, Imaging, real-time time-depth information and pore pressure prediction. This paper presents a novel workflow that is designed to identify seismic multiple generators using Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) data. The primary technique in identification of multiples in surface seismic data is assessment of periodicity and polarity. Similarly the major technique in identification of multiples in VSPs is assessment of the complete VSP wavefield for truncations and periodicities. In both cases these assessments are commonly made using a qualitative approach. Now, a more rigorous and structured approach that involves separation of the multiple energy from the primary energy is presented. This allows easier interpretation and a quantitative assessment of the relative strengths of primary reflections and their multiples, which in turn simplifies the interpretation of the surface seismic data. The results of this analysis is a list of tops and bottoms of major peg-leg multiple generators and an image of upgoing multiples. This VSP interpretation is transferable to the surface seismic data and can be used in surface seismic reprocessing to target specific formations for removal of seismic multiples generated in these formations. |
45420111 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T06:04:15.092Z | 2013-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Application of electric coagulation treatment via bronchoscopy in the management of congenital vallecular cyst in children].
OBJECTIVE
To discuss the effect of electric coagulation through bronchoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of congenital vallecular cyst in children.
METHOD
Ten cases of congenital vallecular cyst in the study with age ranged from 21 days to 4 years and 10 months were treated with electric coagulation through bronchoscopy. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by endoscopic and clinical manifestation. And all the patients were followed-up for 6-12 months.
RESULT
All the patients obtained 3-5 times electric coagulation. After the operation, the cyst decreased in size, epiglottis softening was subsided, uplift uncompression, dyspnea and laryngeal stridor were improved obviously. After follow-up periods of 6-12 months, no capsule wall were left, and the activity of the epiglottis resumed.No severe complication was found in any patient.
CONCLUSION
Electric coagulation through bronchoscopy is a simple, effective and safe method to treat congenital vallecular cyst in children. |
84204361 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-21T13:13:44.162Z | 2015-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Lethal and sublethal effects of eucalyptol on Triatoma infestans and Rhodnius prolixus, vectors of Chagas disease
Eucalyptol is the common name for a cyclic ether monoterpene found in essential oils from Eucalyptus species and other plants. Several reports showed its insecticidal activity. In this work, visible symptoms of intoxication, effect on locomotor activity, knock‐down, and repellence produced by eucalyptol were evaluated on nymphs of Triatoma infestans Klug and Rhodnius prolixus Ståhl (both Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Both insects are among the main vectors of Chagas disease in Latin America. Visible symptoms of intoxication were similar to those observed for neurotoxic insecticides. A video tracking technique was used to evaluate locomotor activity and repellence by exposing the nymphs to impregnated papers. Hyperactivity (a non‐directional increase in locomotor activity) is a symptom of intoxication that is used to detect triatomines in rural houses, because it causes the insects to leave their refuges. Eucalyptol produced hyperactivity only in T. infestans at a concentration 1 000× higher than the positive control, deltamethrin [(S)‐cyano(3‐phenoxyphenyl)methyl (1R,3R)‐3‐(2,2‐dibromoethenyl)‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate]. It also produced repellence on both species at a concentration 10× higher than the positive control, DEET (N,N‐diethyl‐3‐methylbenzamide). Knock‐down effect was evaluated by exposing the nymphs to impregnated papers in closed containers (contact and fumigation simultaneously). Values of knock‐down time for 50% of exposed nymphs (KT50) were calculated for various concentrations of eucalyptol. The onset of knock‐down occurred more rapidly as the concentration increased. In the best cases, eucalyptol was 12–15× less toxic than the positive control dichlorvos (2,2‐dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate). After these results, eucalyptol seems discouraged as a hyperactivant agent for monitoring insects in rural houses. Nevertheless, its knock‐down and repellence effect on vectors of Chagas disease deserve further investigation. |
125239011 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-22T13:03:31.912Z | 2016-10-14T00:00:00.000Z | The Adjoint Coarse Mesh Transport (COMET) Method and Reciprocity Relation of Response Coefficients
ABSTRACT An efficient response-based adjoint radiation transport method is developed and implemented into the coarse mesh transport (COMET) code. The numerical implementation of the adjoint COMET consists of three steps: local calculations to compute adjoint response coefficients for each unique coarse mesh, global calculations to converge on the core eigenvalue and adjoint partial current moments crossing coarse mesh boundaries, and local construction of the adjoint flux distribution within each coarse mesh. The reciprocity relations between forward and adjoint response functions are also derived. This unique property can be used to compute adjoint response coefficients without solving the local adjoint problems directly. As a result, the computational effort to generate adjoint response coefficients is completely avoided. The adjoint COMET is tested for two applications: adjoint whole-core eigenvalue calculations in the 3D C5G7 benchmark problem, and local calculations of adjoint surface-to-volume fission density response coefficients for a stylized CANDU benchmark problem. These tests have shown that the adjoint COMET method is significantly faster than the Monte Carlo method while maintaining accuracy close to that of Monte Carlo. |
26132061 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:37:07.813Z | 2001-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Outbreak of measles in a hospital and measures taken against hospital infection--evidence of cost and benefits].
In Japan, an isolated vaccine of measles is used because MMR vaccines have been suspended due to the frequent occurrence of aseptic meningitis after their use. It is administered only once with the cover rate having been approximately 70%. An outbreak of measles was experienced in eight of our health care workers (three doctors, three nurses and two clerks of our hospital) and in seven of our medical students, accompanying local outbreaks. Their condition was severe enough to require admission to our school hospital. One of medical students developed encephalitis, but he has recovered completely. The social cost including medical cost per worker was approximately yen 500,000 (about $4,500). We measured antibodies against measles, rubella, chickenpox and mumps using the ELISA assay in 1048 health care workers less than 40 years of age and 99 medical students before their clinical practice two or three months after the outbreak. The cost including the measuring of antibodies and vaccination for these workers and students was approximately yen 2,800,000 and it will be yen 700,000 for new workers each year. The negative rates for workers were 1.2% for measles, 8.8% for rubella, 10.0% for mumps and 2.0% for chickenpox and those for the medical students were 1.0%, 22.0%, 9.0% and 5.0%, respectively. Of the workers, 9.6% who had more than the defined very high tiaer were thought to have subclinical reinfection because they were non-symptomatic. The rates were 1.2% for rubella, 0.5% for chickenpox and 0.0% for mumps for more than the defined high titers among the workers, suggesting a risk of outbreaks in the future. Therefore, the antibodies of health care workers and medical students should be measured at the hospital and the antibody-negative person should be vaccinated to prevent infection not only from their patients but also prevent other patients from becoming infected by contracted health care workers or students. |
209422861 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-04-03T20:15:26.724Z | 2012-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | A Joint Specific Needs Assessment : Drugs and Alcohol
Key Findings The self-reported drug use is lower than that nationally; however there are significantly more drug admissions than nationally, although there are differences across the city. Self-reported alcohol consumption is also lower than nationally, however there is a statistically significantly higher rate of hospital admissions, deaths for alcohol specific and related disease, as well as alcohol related crime and sexual A Joint Specific Needs Assessment: Drugs and Alcohol |
240290211 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-11-01T13:08:30.589Z | 2021-10-31T00:00:00.000Z | Who cares about climate?
This year sees the 26th International United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) climate negotiation, intended to create an international framework for action on climate change. With monotonous fanfare, each negotiation trumpets success — from the Kyoto Protocol2 to the Paris Agreement.3 Yet the flame of fossil fuel combustion has failed to even flicker in response to politicians’ puff and the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases continues its rise, unhindered.4 |
159885511 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-02-02T08:36:57.578Z | 2013-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | A Man of Mystery: An Introduction to Mr. Clark Gardner
Clark Alving Gardner was born on June 20, 1839, to Peleg and Julia Gardner in Rodman, New York, a town in Jefferson County. He was the oldest of five children. On July 31, 1862, at the age of twenty-three years, Gardner enlisted in the Black River Artillery, and was called to service on September 11 of the same year. The Black River Artillery originated from Sackett’s Harbor, New York, located off the Black River Bay in Jefferson County. The 4th, 5th, and 7th Battalion units of the Black River Artillery were consolidated to form the 10th New York Heavy Artillery regiment on December 31, 1862, shortly after Gardner had joined and one day before President Abraham Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation. [excerpt] |
94652411 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-04T13:15:45.494Z | 2008-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Aldol Reaction in Water Catalyzed with Polymer-Supported Proline
Significance: Polystyrene-support prolines (1–5) were prepared by the cycloaddition of the corresponding azides and alkynes. Prolines 1–5 catalyzed the aldol reaction of cyclohexanone with benzaldehyde in water to give the aldol product 6 in traces to 74% yield with 40–98% ee. When proline 5 was used for the reaction, a gel-like single phase was formed in water. Water-swollen proline 5 showed higher catalytic activity for the aldol reaction of cyclohexanone and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde (99% yield and 96% ee) than anhydrous 5 (80% yield and 89% ee). The aldol reaction of cyclic ketones with various aldehydes was also catalyzed by 5 in water at room temperature to afford the corresponding products in 16–99% yield and 94– 99% ee. Comment: In the reaction of cyclohexanone and benzaldehyde, the water-swollen 5 was superior in reaction rate and stereoselectivity to the other polymeric prolines 1–4. TGA analysis of the waterswollen 5 showed up to 24% water content in weight. Theoretical calculation suggested that water molecules formed a hydrogen-bonding network between the triazole and the amino acid group in 5. High yields, enantioselectivities, and diastereoselectivities were achieved in the reaction of cyclic ketones and aromatic aldehydes with 5 in water except for the reaction of 4-methoxybenzaldehyde. The catalyst was recycled and reused at least five times without loss of catalytic activity. N N N O NH CO2H |
235367511 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-06-09T02:12:10.727Z | 2021-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Enhanced High-Temperature Strength of HfNbTaTiZrV Refractory High-Entropy Alloys by AI 2O 3 Reinforcement
The HfNbTaTiZrV refractory high-entropy alloy reinforced with 4vol.% Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> displays excellent phase stability and mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. A superior compressive yield strength of 2700 MPa at room temperature, 1392 MPa at 800 °C, and 693 MPa at 1000 °C has been obtained. The improved yield strength results from multiple strengthening mechanisms caused by Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> addition, including interstitial strengthening, grain boundary strengthening, and dispersion strengthening. Besides, the effects of interstitial strengthening increase with the temperature and is the main strengthening mechanism at 800 °C. These findings not only promote the development of oxide-reinforced RHEAs for challenging engineering applications but also provide guidelines for the design of refractory materials with multiple strengthening mechanisms. |
137325761 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-28T13:12:38.732Z | 2003-09-01T00:00:00.000Z | Atomic Environment of Positrons Annihilating in Different Parts of Cz-Si Single Crystal
The distribution of the positron-sensitive oxygen-induced as-grown point defects has been studied along the axis of growth of the single crystal Cz-Si and along the radial direction at the central part of the ingot. The one-dimensional angular correlation of the annihilation radiation (1DACAR) has been measured. The characteristic electron-positron ion r adius and the “cut-off ” angle of 1D-ACAR [111] (to be characterised both by the ionic radii of at ms and the electron density in the lattice site where the annihilation of positron occurs) have be en d termined by the experimental findings. The probabilities of the correlated events of the high-momentum and low-momentum annihilation are redistributed when the microstructure of the oxygen complexes with intrinsic point defects is changed. The interpretation of the results is based on the conc ption of the positron localization in the field of negative effective charge resulted from relatively high electron affinity of oxygen. A role of involvement of the intrinsic point defects in t he formation of the composition of the positron-sensitive centres is discussed. |
24917561 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-20T06:31:52.211Z | 2006-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Active Evaluation and Ranking of Multiple-Attribute Items Using Feedforward Neural Networks
In this paper, an interactive method for ranking multiple-attribute items from user's feedback using a feedforward neural network (NN) has been presented. The task of ranking multiple-attribute items is relevant in different tasks of e-commerce including request for quotes (RFQ), negotiations, personalized catalogs, profiling, and customer modeling. Often, a linear parametric function is used to model the overall value function considering known individual attribute value functions, and the parameters of the linear function are estimated by linear programming (LP). In this paper, we propose an NN-based active learning method for evaluating and ranking the multiple-attribute items (or bids in RFQ) without imposing the restriction of linear dependence between the attribute value functions. Use of an NN also relaxes the constraint of known parametric form of individual attribute value functions, which is usually assumed in LP-based methods. A suitable objective error measure is defined in this context, and correspondingly, a feedforward NN is trained to obtain the ranking of the item set (or bids). Effectiveness of the method is validated on real-life data sets |
251685411 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-08-20T15:09:09.060Z | 2022-07-31T00:00:00.000Z | DIGITAL COLLABORATIVE CONSUMPTION: A TECHNO-CONSCIOUS APPROACH FOR SHARING RESOURCES
Collaborative consumption or sharing of resources has always been an important part of human life. When collaborative consumption and digital technology collided, it gave rise to a new economic paradigm known as digital collaborative consumption. The emergence of digital collaborative consumption has paved the way for individuals to shift from conspicuous to conscious consumption of existing resources.The paper aims to discuss the various prospects of digital collaborative consumption and its role in promoting conscious consumption. The paper uses affinity mapping to describe the various areas, players, activities, channels, financial feasibility, and value propositions related to digital collaborative consumption. It also emphasizes the three levels of the collaborative consumption ecosystem. The paper concludes that digital knowledge and trust are pivotal for collaboration through digital techniques. It also suggests that digital techniques should reach the grassroots level for encouraging collaborative consumption at a larger scale. |
19994761 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:55:52.084Z | 1990-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Inhibition of replicative DNA synthesis and induction of DNA repair in human fibroblasts by the intercalating drugs proflavine and 9-aminoacridine.
The induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) and the alteration of semiconservative DNA replication by the structurally related intercalating agents proflavine and 9-aminoacridine were studied in MRC-5 human fibroblasts in culture. Autoradiographic determinations of both parameters were carried out simultaneously in the same culture specimens. Proflavine affected DNA synthesis, but did not elicit any UDS. 9-Aminoacridine inhibited DNA synthesis only at the highest concentration and caused UDS to a low but significant extent. These results suggest that the ability to induce UDS is not a general property of the intercalating agents and that the alterations of the DNA structure, typical of the "pure" intercalative process, are not handled by pathways involving unscheduled synthesis. |
14871711 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2007-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Strategic Research Agenda European Nanoelectronics Initiative Advisory Council 2007
1 2 Nanoelectronics is the essential hardware enabler for electronic product and service innovation in key growth markets for European industry, such as telecommunications, transportation and medical technology. ENIAC, the European Technology Platform for Nanoelectronics, was launched in 2004 with the overall aim to guarantee Europe the earliest possible access to leading-edge integrated components and design skills for application in high-technology products and services, thereby reinforcing Europe's existing industrial strengths and ensuring that core intellectual property is generated and benefited from in the region. The ENIAC Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) is created through the concerted efforts of experts from industry, aca-demia, and public authorities across Europe.Top executives of leading European companies and research organisations have signalled their full commitment to reaching the ambitious goals set out by the SRA and the Joint Technology Initiative in Nanoelectronics proposed by the European Commission. This Second Edition of the ENIAC SRA is a full revision of the First Edition that was presented on November 23, 2005, in Barcelona. Starting from an overall vision of the global and European landscape between now and 2020, the Agenda defines the critical societal needs and lead markets that are enabled by Nanoelectronics. These applications are then translated and detailed into priorities for each of the technology domains underpinning the Nanoelectronics research challenge.The Agenda concludes with a critical assessment of the European ecosystem and puts forward proposals for moving forward towards full realisation of the ENIAC ambitions. It is planned to continue issuing revisions every two years. |
21814011 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:09:21.531Z | 1978-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Maturation of respiratory control in unanesthetized newborn rabbits.
The maturation of control of breathing was studied in unanesthetized rabbit pups breathing room air in a body plethysmograph during the first 8 postnatal days. Measurements include pulmonary ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT), inspiratory (TI) and total breathing cycle (Ttot) durations, TI/Ttot, mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI), and tracheal pressure developed by the inspiratory muscles 0.1 and 0.2 s after the onset of inspirations with airways occluded at functional residual capacity (P0.1 and P0.2). All of the above variables increased progressively from the 1st to the 8th day, except for P0.1, P0.2, and TI/Ttot which remained constant. The constancy of TI/Ttot implies that the increase in VE with age was due entirely to increased VT/TI. The constancy of P0.1 and P0.2 implies that the increase in VT/TI with age was due to decreased "effective" impedance of the respiratory system. The latter probably mainly reflects increased compliance and decreased flow resistance with growth. The results also show that during the first 8 days of life there is a progressive shift to the right in the VT vs. TI relationship. |
36193161 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:04:29.589Z | 1992-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Decelerative Cardiac Responsiveness to Acoustical Stimulation in the near Term Fetus
Human fetal cardiac responses (36–39 weeks gestational age) to brief, repeated vocal stimuli (male or female voice uttering the same sentence), given at 90–95 dB SPL ex utero (around 20–30 dB less in utero) during a state of low fetal heart rate (FHR) variability, were examined using highly conservative statistical criteria taking into account each subject's prestimulus FHR variability. Subjects exposed to either of the two stimuli displayed significantly more decelerative heart rate (HR) changes compared to control subjects receiving no stimulation. The decelerative changes started during the first seconds following the onset of stimulation and reached their amplitude peak within 10 or 20 sec, depending on the subject. The directions—HR acceleration or deceleration—and the amplitude of the response depended on prestimulus HR variability only, not on prestimulus level. No major difference was found between the effects of the two voices. The data are compared to previous studies demonstrating fetal decelerative changes to acoustic stimuli of less than 105 dB SPL. The choice of an objective criterion to define an HR response and the possible orienting response nature of the decelerative change are discussed. |
35959011 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:59:58.436Z | 2011-03-28T00:00:00.000Z | Discrimination of relapsing fever Borrelia persica and Borrelia microtti by diagnostic species-specific primers and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.
Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is endemic in Africa and Eurasia and attributed to different Borrelia species. In the Central Asia and Middle Eastern countries, TBRF is caused mainly by Borrelia persica; however, other Borrelia species such B. microtti, B. latyschewii, B. baltazardi, and B. caucasica have also been described. The classic taxonomy of Borrelia spp. is based on the cospeciation concept that is very complex and rather confusing. In this study, we report two DNA-based methods to discriminate B. persica and B. microtti, the two main prevalent species in the region. Molecular typing of the species was performed using (i) restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified fragments of either 16S-rRNA or glpQ genes, and (ii) species-specific PCR of glpQ gene. Sequence analyses of the data obtained in this study indicate that the glpQ gene is more variable than 16S-rRNA (6.9% vs. 1.2%); thus glpQ is a more useful marker for discrimination of B. persica from B. microtti. The 16S-rRNA fragment comprises only one useful species-specific restriction site (TaqI), whereas the glpQ fragment includes several species-specific restriction sites and its digestion by DraI, TaqI, EcoRV, HinfI, or SspI results in distinctively different PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns for the two species. Further, the species-specific primers amplified a 253-bp fragment for B. persica and a 451-bp one for B. microtti. Phylogenetic analysis of the data revealed that B. microtti and B. persica are associated to the African and new world RF agents, respectively. This study demonstrates that both typing methods are simple, sensitive, and fast, and that they allow one to differentiate between B. persica and B. microtti. This could prove that both methods are important and useful in monitoring of TBRF disease in endemic areas. |
15024941 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2011-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | Time-Independent Trace Acquisition Framework -- A Grid'5000 How-to
This manual describes step-by-step how to create a Grid'5000 appliance that comprises all the tools needed to acquire time-independent traces of the execution of an MPI application. Time-independent traces are an original way to estimate the performance of parallel applications. It allows to totally decouple the acquisition of a trace from its replay in a simulation framework. This manual also details the different acquisition scenarios allowed by this approach. Traces can be acquired in a very classical way, by folding the execution on less resources, or by scattering the execution across multiple clusters. |
113825141 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-15T13:04:49.986Z | 2018-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Compact collimators designed with point approximation for light-emitting diodes
We present a novel freeform lens design method for application to light-emitting diode collimating illumination. The lens is designed with a point-source assumption to form compact collimators. The method is derived from a basic geometric-optics analysis and the associated construction approach. By using this method, a compact collimating lenses with an aspect ratio = 0.181 is developed. With optimization of initial parameters, a highly collimating lens for a Cree XP-E LED (chip size: 1.2 mm × 1.2 mm) with an optical efficiency of 88.5% under a beam angle of ± 1.9° is constructed by simulation. To verify the practical performance of the lens, a prototype of the collimator lens is also made. This has light distribution compatible with the simulation results. |
151224091 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-13T13:06:03.048Z | 2019-04-22T00:00:00.000Z | Exploring the link between mine action and transitional justice in Cambodia
ABSTRACT This paper examines mine action in Cambodia and its implications for common conceptions of civil society and transitional justice. The complexities of past Cambodian conflicts and the strained state-civil society relationship at present have led to a complicated legacy of landmines. The collective harm Cambodian people have experienced also blurs the line between victimhood and perpetration of crime, further complicating transitional justice in the Cambodian context. Exploring the link between mine action and transitional justice in Cambodia reveals that civil society organisations involved in mine action are not separate from the state contrary to the common conceptualisation of civil society as autonomous. It also demonstrates that mine action is responding to more complex elements of Cambodian conflicts than the retributive model of transitional justice. The participatory approaches to mine action highlight local agency and active involvement, which are crucial in creating a civil society that encourages an empowered citizenry. |
102944491 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-09T13:04:45.871Z | 2017-07-24T00:00:00.000Z | Correlation of mesogenic properties with intermolecular interaction energy for homologous series of HnCBP
ABSTRACT Intermolecular interaction energy between a pair of molecules of homologous series 4, 4′-disubstituted biphenyl of the general formula HO‒(CH2)n‒O‒C6H4‒C6H4‒CN(n = 3 − 11) (HnCBP) has been evaluated under various interacting conditions viz. stacking, in-plane and terminal interaction. Molecular geometry of the studied molecules was fully optimized without any constraint and checked for imaginary frequencies using hybrid density functional B3LYP combined with 6–31 g** basis set. Electronic structure of the molecules obtained through these calculations has been utilized to calculate electrostatic and polarization energies under Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation theory modified with multi-centered multi-pole expansion method. Dispersion and repulsion energies have been evaluated using Kitaigorodskii formula. The identified minimum energy complexes have been further utilized to evaluate interaction energy under super molecular approach by employing M06 and DFT-D methods. A comparative analysis of the results has been reported with a view to examine suitability of different methods to study molecular aggregations in moderately large organic systems. |
24907541 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:32:17.509Z | 2007-05-04T00:00:00.000Z | Achieving augmented limits of detection for peptides with hydrophobic alkyl tags.
The wide range of protein concentrations found in biological matrixes presents a formidable analytical challenge in proteomics experiments. It is predicted that low-abundance proteins are the likely clinically relevant targets in disease-based proteomics analyses. To effectively analyze low-abundance proteins by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, limits of detection must be improved upon. Previous studies have demonstrated hydrophobicity is a main determinant of the electrospray ionization response. One would expect to improve the electrospray ionization response of a hydrophilic peptide by making it more hydrophobic, thus increasing the molecule's affinity for the surface of the electrospray droplet, thereby allowing the molecule to more effectively compete for charge. In this report, we demonstrate a strategy to increase the electrospray ionization response of cysteine-containing peptides with the addition of an octylcarboxyamidomethyl modification via alkylation chemistry, which we name the ALiPHAT strategy (augmented limits of detection for peptides with hydrophobic alkyl tags). We demonstrate the relative increase in electrospray ionization response of peptides with an octylcarboxyamidomethyl modification compared to carboxyamidomethyl-modified peptides upon LC-MS analysis. Furthermore, we show the octylcarboxyamidomethyl group does not fragment or undergo neutral loss during collision-induced dissociation. Collectively, our results demonstrate the feasibility of the octylcarboxyamidomethyl modification to improve limits of detection for cysteine-containing peptides. |
34766191 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:42:28.265Z | 2013-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Spontaneous left atrial hematoma causing cardiac failure
An 81-year-old woman was admitted with symptoms of heart failure. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass measuring 5 4 cm with medium intensity in both T1 and T2 sequences, in the left atrium (Figure 1). During surgery, a hematoma was found in the left atrial wall, close to the inferior pulmonary vein (Figure 2). The hematoma was resolved and closed with several pledges stitches. Funding |
26416341 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-10T09:30:23.211Z | 2005-09-28T00:00:00.000Z | Robust multi-user frequency offset estimation for uplink systems using OFDM technique
In this paper, we propose a new frequency offset estimation algorithm for systems using an OFDM technique. The proposed algorithm can jointly estimate both the integral and fractional parts of frequency offsets with very low complexity. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can be easily applied to an uplink multi-user system for which all users may have different frequency offsets. Simulation results show that the proposed frequency offset estimation algorithm is very accurate when used with a time-varying multipath fading channel producing frequency offsets as large as several carrier spacings and with a number of users as large as 20. |
43306691 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:34:54.525Z | 2000-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Mixed endothelin ET(A) and ET(B) antagonist bosentan inhibits oleic acid-induced lung plasma extravasation in mouse.
The possible participation of endogenous endothelins (ETs) in enhancement of plasma extravasation induced by oleic acid was assessed in mice. Oleic acid (0.5-2%/kg, i.v.) increased accumulation of Evans blue in lungs in dose-dependent fashion, with a clearcut peak at 1 h (lung Evans blue content: control 0.17 +/- 0.01; oleic acid 1%/kg 0.63 +/- 0.04 microg per 10 mg wet tissue). Pretreatment with the mixed endothelin-ET(A) and ET(B) (ET(A)/ET(B)) receptor antagonist bosentan (30 mg/kg, i.v., 30 min before oleic acid) markedly reduced lung Evans blue content (to 0.24 +/- 0.04), as did pretreatments with prazosin (1 mg/kg), meloxicam (5 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (1 mg/kg/day, for 3 days). Thus, ETs play a pivotal role in the increase in lung microvascular permeability caused by oleic acid in the mouse. The ET receptors involved in the pulmonary vascular changes associated with this experimental model of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as well as the relationship between ETs and the sympathetic system, eicosanoids and cytokines remain to be clarified. |
233309241 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2021-04-21T06:16:49.345Z | 2021-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | The Agony and Ecstasy of Prostate Cancer PSMA PET.
Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed on most prostate cancer cells. Many news sources, including the FDA, declared that this was the “First PSMA-Targeted PET Imaging Drug for Men with Prostate Cancer”. While true for PET scans, this is not the first PSMA targeted nuclear imaging agent. ProstaSinct (Indium-111 capromab pendetide) was previously approved based on a PSMA target to detect metastatic disease.1 Technically, this was a SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) nuclear imaging technique, relying on gamma emitting isotope detection merged with CT. However, the ProstaSinct target was an intracellular epitope of PSMA (7E11), only exposed in dead or dying cells. There were concerns of false positive intra-abdominal adenopathy that also contributed to the decline in ProstaSinct use. This new family of small molecule urea based PSMA ligands, such as PSMA-11, target the extracellular PSMA domain and are linked to a radiolabeled moiety such as Gallium-68. This approach relies upon PET (positron emission tomography) detection fused with CT for both functional and anatomic localization. |
19078091 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-12T02:05:38.377Z | 2009-04-25T00:00:00.000Z | Research of P-code Direct Acquisition Technology
The article provides a new design of P-code direct acquisition module based on segmented coherent accumulation at frequency domain. Firstly, realizable solution of acquisition system is given, and its principle is introduced. Subsequently, according to specific environment where navigation terminal works, probability of detection and average acquisition time of acquisition system are deduced. The conclusion is proved by simulation, and average acquisition time and probability of detection are analyzed in different condition. Research shows that the P-code direct acquisition module works effectively at low signal-to-noise rate in high dynamic environment. |
251630691 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-08-18T15:21:57.856Z | 2022-08-15T00:00:00.000Z | Genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of food azodyes: preclinical safety assessment using the in vivo micronucleus assay
This study evaluated the genotoxic effects of azodyes (ponceau 4R, red 40, sunset yellow and tartrazine) by the use of in vivo micronucleus assays. Swiss albinus young adult mice of both sexes, healthy and heterogeneous, were used in the micronucleus assay. Groups of animals were treated using a single dosing regimen and euthanized at 24 and 48 hours. The study design included treatment groups (0.5, 1.0 and 2 g/kg of azodyes) and negative (150 mM NaCl) and positive (50 mg/kg of NEU) control groups. Bone marrow polychromatic (PCE) and normochromatic (NCE) erythrocytes and micronucleated PCE (MNPCE) were statistically analyzed: frequency and PCE:NCE ratio. For animal groups treated with all azodyes, analyses of the frequency of MNPCEs and PCE/NCE ratio showed significant differences between the treatment groups (0.5-2 g/kg) and the control groups (NaCl and NEU). Each azodye exhibited genotoxic and systemic toxic effects correlated to treatment dose, time of euthanasia, and sex of the animal. The data suggest potential clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects that can potentiate systemic toxic risks associated with the azodyes whether the genotoxicity be dependent on dose (ponceau 4R, sunset yellow, and tartrazine), time (ponceau 4R, red 40, and sunset yellow), or sex (red 40 and tartrazine). |
40300891 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:45:44.921Z | 1990-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Some recent discoveries of metabolism and function of ascorbic acid].
Some newer knowledge concerning the metabolism of the ascorbic acid as well as its importance for the pituitary gland, the adrenal glands, the immune system and the bone formation are described. A large enrichment of the ascorbic acid is present in the pituitary gland and in the adrenal glands. In the pituitary gland the compound is constituent of the Cu-containing peptidyl-glycine-alpha-amidizating-monooxygenase which among others is necessary for the formation of alpha-MSH a lack of ascorbic acid diminishes the formation of alpha-MSH at stress the increased binding of ACTH to the cells of the middle and inner layer of the adrenal cortex leads to the fact that about 40 to 60% of the quantity of ascorbic acid are delivered. This evokes an increase of the activity of the adenylate cyclase as well as of the C21-hydroxylase: The synthesis and secretion of glucocorticosteroids increases. When there is a deficiency of ascorbic acid the content of cortisol in the plasma increases. The ascorbic acid is a constituent of the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. |
18651841 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2013-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Effect of Ovatide Hormone in Oocyte Maturation in Sexually Immature Puntius sophore a Freshwater Cyprinid
The present investigations were conducted to evaluate the effect of ovatide treatment on the reproduction in Puntius sophore. Hormone was injected intramuscularly @ 4mg/kg and 0.5mg/kg body weight fortnightly for 90 days in two phases. Phase I was initiated at stage I (Resting stage) and Phase II at stage II(pre-maturing stage) of ovarian maturation. Results reveals that hormonal treatment induce ovarian maturation, stimulate ovulation, and expressed an advancement in time of spawning. It was revealed that spawning could be advanced by four months if treatment occur at stage I and by three months if treatment occur at stage II of the reproductive cycle. |
62114341 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-02-14T14:07:58.060Z | 1995-08-25T00:00:00.000Z | Numerical model of adaptive optical system controlled by a feedforward neural network
An adaptive optical system (AOS) with a feedback loop closed via feedforward neural network (NN) is considered. The vector of the wavefront corrector control signals is computed by the network from two vectors of the intensity moments measured in two near-field planes by two matrix photo-detectors. The NN is trained with back-propagation algorithm to predict the vector of AM signals from the measured intensity vectors. During training phase the network forms a control algorithm for a given configuration of the optical system, taking into account misalignments and nonlinearities of the hardware used. A numerical model of a multichannel AOS controlled by a multilayer NN has been built, trained, and run for different low-order input aberrations. The neural control permits a direct conversion of the intensity distribution measured in the near field into control signals of the wavefront corrector. High efficiency of control has been demonstrated for a model of a 16-channel adaptive optical system for arbitrary input aberrations having limited spatial spectrum. |
219911291 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-06-04T09:03:38.985Z | 2020-06-02T00:00:00.000Z | The atmospheric turbulence characteristics in a diurnal cycle
During a whole-day period, profiles of mean wind speed, wind shear and turbulence level shows great variability due to continuously varying atmospheric stability. Clearly understanding the spatial and temporal behaviors of the atmospheric wind flow is of great importance for science purposes. Large-eddy simulation (LES) technique is employed here to reproduce the evolution of atmospheric flow during a diurnal cycle. With the obtained LES results, wind characteristics in terms of wind speed, wind shear, turbulence intensity and turbulent kinetic energy can be examined referring to the stability classification. Besides, wind profiles obtained using currently available engineering models are also included for comparison. Disparities between the model predictions and the LES results illustrate that the standard engineering models cannot well capture the wind characteristics driven by the varying atmospheric stability solely, and a further improvement in models is highly needed. |
11531641 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2011-10-26T00:00:00.000Z | Automatic management of partitioned, replicated search services
Low-latency, high-throughput web services are typically achieved through partitioning, replication, and caching. Although these strategies and the general design of large-scale distributed search systems are well known, the academic literature provides surprisingly few details on deployment and operational considerations in production environments. In this paper, we address this gap by sharing the distributed search architecture that underlies Twitter user search, a service for discovering relevant accounts on the popular microblogging service. Our design makes use of the principle that eliminates the distinction between failure and other anticipated service disruptions: as a result, most operational scenarios share exactly the same code path. This simplicity leads to greater robustness and fault-tolerance. Another salient feature of our architecture is its exclusive reliance on open-source software components, which makes it easier for the community to learn from our experiences and replicate our findings. |
110179891 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-04-13T13:10:51.702Z | 1997-06-22T00:00:00.000Z | Nondissipative current diverter using a centralized multi-winding transformer
Series connected battery strings are prone to dramatic reduction in life if individual cells are not maintained at the same charge level. This can be achieved by diverting the excess energy around fully charged cells while continuing to charge undercharged ones. Nondissipative current diverters provide a means to divert the charging current away from a fully charged cell to the weak cells in the stack in a nondissipative manner. This allows the rest of the stack to be fully charged while avoiding overcharging healthy cells. This paper presents a new technique for equalizing a series battery stack using a nondissipative current diverter. |
206297141 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:25:48.862Z | 2016-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Sleep palsy involving different nerves: Role of ultrasound
nosed with multiple isolated entrapment neuropathies instead, and surgical releases were recommended. Fortuitously, the patient later discovered that several family members had HNPP. With this information, a year following his initial presentation, genetic testing confirmed a deletion of PMP22 consistent with HNPP. Misdiagnosis of HNPP can be due to variable disease expression and difficulty in assessing family inheritance. Pain is traditionally not thought to be associated with HNPP. However, there have been reports of both neuropathic and musculoskeletal pain related to HNPP. Symptoms of pain may precede the more classic symptoms of transient paresthesias or weakness in HNPP. Of note, diagnosis may be delayed in patients who present with pain. Moreover, absence of family history should not preclude the diagnosis of HNPP. Approximately 20% of HNPP cases are sporadic due to de novo mutations in PMP22. In a large European collaborative study, 20% of the probands initially gave a negative family history, but with further investigation they were found to have a family history of HNPP. This case demonstrates that HNPP can present with musculoskeletal pain and further supports the heterogeneous phenotype of HNPP. In such cases, a comprehensive investigation with electrodiagnosis and molecular genetics is indicated. If multiple entrapment neuropathies are treated as isolated pathologies and HNPP is not recognized, patients may undergo needless or potentially harmful treatment. Surgical decompression in HNPP is controversial and is generally not recommended. |
23043991 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-06-30T08:10:42.893Z | 2005-10-14T00:00:00.000Z | The Vitamin K-dependent Carboxylase Has Been Acquired by Leptospira Pathogens and Shows Altered Activity That Suggests a Role Other than Protein Carboxylation*
Leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease whose pathology includes a hemorrhagic response, and sequencing of the Leptospira interrogans genome revealed an ortholog of the vitamin K-dependent (VKD) carboxylase as one of several hemostatic proteins present in the bacterium. Until now, the VKD carboxylase was known to be present only in the animal kingdom (i.e. metazoans that include mammals, fish, snails, and insects), and this restricted distribution and high sequence similarity between metazoan and Leptospira orthologs strongly suggests that Leptospira acquired the VKD carboxylase by horizontal gene transfer. In metazoans, the VKD carboxylase is bifunctional, acting as an epoxidase that oxygenates vitamin K to a strong base and a carboxylase that uses the base to carboxylate Glu residues in VKD proteins, rendering them active in hemostasis and other physiologies. In contrast, the Leptospira ortholog showed epoxidase but not detectable carboxylase activity and divergence in a region of identity in all known metazoan VKD carboxylases that is important to Glu interaction. Furthermore, although the mammalian carboxylase is regulated so that vitamin K epoxidation does not occur unless Glu substrate is present, the Leptospira VKD epoxidase showed unfettered epoxidation in the absence of Glu substrate. Finally, human VKD protein orthologs were not detected in the L. interrogans genome. The combined data, then, suggest that Leptospira exapted the metazoan VKD carboxylase for some use other than VKD protein carboxylation, such as using the strong vitamin K base to drive a new reaction or to promote oxidative damage or depleting vitamin K to indirectly inhibit host VKD protein carboxylation. |
249465441 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-06-09T06:23:13.640Z | 2022-06-06T00:00:00.000Z | Design and Implementation of a Unique Patient Identification Model in Information Systems in Burkina Faso
The implementation of a reliable identity process is the basis of any secure patient information sharing system. Indeed, each individual is unique and should be identified by a unique number (identifier). It is with these issues in mind that we have designed and implemented a unique patient identification method adapted to the context of Burkina Faso. The recommended method is inspired by the French method based on the work of the Group for the Modernization of the Hospital Information System (GMSIH) [1]. The developed model allows to assign a "Unique Identifier" (PatientID) to each patient from his profile of identification features (name, date of birth, gender,…). The patient ID is a sequence of 20 characters plus a security "key" of 2 characters. A reliability test of the model has been performed to take into account identity anomalies (duplicate, collision). |
55538291 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-12-05T02:32:55.191Z | 2017-06-08T00:00:00.000Z | Spinning particles coupled to gravity and the validity of the universality of free fall
Recent experimental work has determined that free falling 87Rb atoms on Earth, with vertically aligned spins, follow geodesics, thus apparently ruling out spin-gravitation interactions. It is showed that while some spinning matter models coupled to gravitation referenced to in that work seem to be ruled out by the experiment, those same experimental results confirm theoretical results derived from a Lagrangian description of spinning particles coupled to gravity constructed over forty years ago. A proposal to carry out (similar but) different experiments which will help to test the validity of the universality of free fall as opposed to the correctness of the aforementioned Lagrangian theory, is presented. |
249439941 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-06-08T15:16:49.096Z | 2022-06-06T00:00:00.000Z | The elderly generation in the modern society: socio-cultural and economic-demographic aspects
The book consists of materials submitted by the Russian and Foreign scientists to the Organizing Committee of Russian International scientific conference «The elderly generation in the modern society: socio-cultural and economic-demographic». The texts are published in author's edition. Organizing Committee`s point of view may not correspond with the authors ‘opinion. The publication is oriented to teachers and researchers, post-graduate students and students who are interested in problems of aging and development of active aging programs. |
36120891 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T03:03:26.841Z | 2001-07-07T00:00:00.000Z | Liver cirrhosis is risk factor for pyogenic liver abscesses
EDITOR—In their article on liver abscesses Krige and Beckingham emphasised the role of impaired immunity in the pathogenesis of pyogenic liver abscess.1 They also reported that the prognosis for patients with liver abscesses depends on concomitant or previous severe illnesses.
They did not, however, mention the association between liver abscesses … |
27657541 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:01:57.413Z | 1993-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Radiation-induced neoplastic transformation of human cells.
Ionizing radiation can induce cancers in humans and animals and can cause in vitro neoplastic transformation of various rodent cell systems. However, numerous attempts to achieve neoplastic transformation of human cells by radiation have generally proven unsuccessful. Neoplastic transformation of immortalized human epidermal keratinocytes by X-ray irradiation has recently been reported. The carcinogenic effect of radiation on cultured human cells will be briefly reviewed. The current state-of-the-art in radiation-induced transformation of human cells in culture is presented. This will provide insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms in the conversion of normal cells to a neoplastic state of growth. |
13390941 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:37:26.329Z | 2006-03-30T00:00:00.000Z | Antioxidant properties of pearled barley fractions.
Two barley varieties (Falcon and AC Metcalfe) were separated by pearling into seven fractions and subsequently extracted with 80% methanol. The extracts, after solvent removal, were evaluated for their radical scavenging efficacy using Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). The radical scavenging capacity of the extracts was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC(FL)), and superoxide radical assays and a photoinduced chemiluminescence technique. In both barley varieties the outermost fraction (F1) yielded the highest phenolic content. In general, Falcon had a significantly higher total phenolic content than AC Metcalfe. A similar trend was observed for TEAC, DPPH, and superoxide radical scavenging capacities of the extracts. The contents of water-soluble antioxidants of Falcon and AC Metcalfe were 1.15-12.98 and 2.20-12.25 micromol of Trolox equiv/(g of defatted material), while the corresponding lipid-soluble counterparts varied from 1.44 to 4.70 micromol of alpha-tocopherol equiv/(g of defatted material). Phenolic acids, namely, vanillic, caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids, were identified by HPLC in barley fractions. |
40612441 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:52:01.234Z | 1998-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Primary structure of gene H of cattle plague virus strain K].
Synthesis, cDNA cloning, and identification of H gene nucleotide sequence of rinderpest virus (RPV) K strain are carried out. Analysis of the identified nucleotide sequence has revealed the single open reading frame encoding a protein consisting of 609 amino acids with molecular weight of 68 kDa. The mean nucleotide homology between H genes of K, Kabete O and L strains in 88.0%, the mean amino acid homology of the corresponding proteins is 88.2%. RPV K strain hemagglutinin contains 5 potential glycosylation sites. The position of all 13 cystein bases is identical to positions in H proteins of RPV Kabete O and L strains. Studies of the hydrophobic profile of the compared proteins have shown 2 potential transmembrane fragments. |
76481291 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-13T13:28:07.045Z | 1994-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Agenda for a Credible Future
All around us in the 90s, the pace of change continues unabated. Massive reforms of a political, economic and social nature impact our lives at home, school and work. Technological innovation has created a "borderless" world where contact may be only a cellular 'phone, a fax or a modem away. In the midst of all of this turmoil, we must create a new possibility for the future, one based on past experiences and current predictions, one that evokes mutual interest, commitment and hope. James Downey, a former President of the University of New Brunswick and descendant of Newfoundland fishermen, remarked: We move forward in time, not as a driver drives a car but as a rower rows a boat on a foggy day, taking our bearings for the most part from the shoreline whence we've come. Paradoxical as it may seem, it is the past that is always in front of us; it is the future that lies behind us. (cited in Burrow, 1993). If we consider our recent past, the values and beliefs of occupational therapists have put the profession in the forefront of health reform. Our members are strong advocates for many of the changes that are taking place everywhere in health care today, a client-centred perspective, community practice, direct access to clients, to name just a few. We have already successfully begun to break traditional health values and move into the community, often adopting a focus of health promotion/prevention and making use of occupation to engage clients adeptly with their environment. However, these are but the beginnings of the deinstitutionalization of occupational therapy (Mirkopoulos, 1993b). We must continue to be proactive, developing new insights and ideas in this area, which will contribute to coherence in our educational and practice directions and initiatives for the future. Not only are the consumers of occupational therapy services demanding more collaboration in all aspects of their care; members of the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (CAOT) are making it known Heather Chilton, MSA,CHE,OT(C)is President of the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists. She is also Director of Rehabilitation Resources at the Alberta Children's Hospital in Calgary, Alberta. |
11572441 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:28:16.422Z | 1999-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Contribution of nuclear medicine to lymphatic mapping and sentinel node identification in oncology].
An overview of the current applications of nuclear medicine for lymphatic mapping and sentinel node identification is given. The validation of the sentinel node concept in oncology has led to the rediscovery of lymphoscintigraphy. By combining preoperative lymphatic mapping with intraoperative gamma probe detection this nuclear medicine procedure is increasingly used to identify and detect the sentinel node in melanoma, breast cancer, and in other malignancies such as penile cancer and vulvar cancer. In melanoma, the adequate combination of dynamic and static gamma camera images enables lymph node visualization with identification of the sentinel node in more than 97% of the cases. The variability in drainage in areas such as trunk, head and neck makes lymphoscintigraphy indispensable in protocols of sentinel node biopsy. The reproducibility of lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel node detection varies from 85% to 88% and the method appears to have a high interobserver agreement. In contrast to the procedure of lymphoscintigraphy for melanoma, for which the only dilemma remaining is probably the choice of the tracer, in breast cancer there has not yet been reached a consensus for many topics such as tracer characteristics, injection volume, and principally the site of administration. Lymphoscintigraphy by subdermal tracer administration is able to detect axillary lymph nodes in 98% of the cases but the method is accompanied by a low visualization incidence (2%) of drainage outside the lower axilla such as the internal mammary chain. This latter aspect appears to occur in 16% to 35% in the series using peri- or intratumoural administration with an axillary rate of visualization of 75% to 98%. Although peritumoural administration is predominantly associated with late lymph node detection, the early appearance observed after subdermal and intratumoural tracer injection justifies the obtention of early gamma camera images. The strategies of identification of the sentinel node depend strongly on the results of lymphoscintigraphy. In melanoma, the rapid lymphatic drainage and the visualization of afferent lymphatic vessels enables sentinel node identification by lymphoscintigraphy in almost the totality of the cases and intraoperative probe detection may subsequently be performed. In breast cancer, the slower drainage pattern may hamper image interpretation and diagnostic conclusion. Considering the first appearing node and the visualization of an afferent lymphatic vessel as the major criteria to identify the sentinel node, scintigraphy may be considered conclusive in approximately 75% of the cases, and not conclusive in about a fourth part of the cases in which 2 or more lymph nodes appear simultaneously without lymph vessel delineation. When lymphoscintigraphy is not conclusive, additional lymphatic mapping with blue dye is recommended to definitively identify the sentinel node. The use of nuclear medicine techniques for the sentinel node procedure will become an important part of clinical work in the nuclear medicine and surgical oncology practice of the next years. Principally mammary lymphoscintigraphy demands from the nuclear medicine community and allied disciplines a prompt standardization of the technique to solving some controversial aspects such as tracer requirements, administration route and interpretation criteria. |
21230191 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:32:03.387Z | 1997-04-01T00:00:00.000Z | Comparative effects of recombinant ovine placental lactogen and bovine growth hormone on galactopoiesis in ewes.
The effects of recombinant ovine placental lactogen and bovine growth hormone on milk yield, milk composition, and concentrations of blood hormones and metabolites were compared in ewes during an established lactation. Beginning on d 17 of lactation, ewes were treated for 5 d with twice daily subcutaneous injections of ovine placental lactogen (n = 9), bovine growth hormone (n = 10) at a dose of 0.10 mg/d per kg of body weight, or saline (n = 10). Circulating concentrations of ovine placental lactogen were 24.6 +/- 1.6 ng/ml on d 5 for ewes treated with ovine placental lactogen, but concentrations of ovine placental lactogen were undetectable in ewes treated with either saline or bovine growth hormone. Treatment with bovine growth hormone increased circulating concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, and nonesterified fatty acids and decreased urea concentrations relative to those in ewes treated with ovine placental lactogen or saline. Compared with saline treatment, no parameters were affected by treatment with ovine placental lactogen. Treatment with bovine growth hormone or ovine placental lactogen treatment had no significant effects on plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, or creatinine. Treatment with bovine growth hormone, but not ovine placental lactogen, increased yields of milk, fat, and lactose. Weight of the mammary gland was increased by bovine growth hormone, but not by ovine placental lactogen. Despite the fact that ovine placental lactogen is a potent somatogen, it does not appear to exhibit the same galactopoietic activity as bovine growth hormone in lactating ewes. |
82302591 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2016-02-02T08:36:57.578Z | 2011-04-22T00:00:00.000Z | An Efficient Method to Alter Drop Volume of Topical Ophthalmic Medications
Graph 1: Drop Volume by Bore Diameter An aqueous solution delivered topically to the corneal surface remains the preferred method of ophthalmic medication delivery (5,8). The current design of commercial eye drop bottles for multi-use ophthalmic solutions are fairly uniform in nature and involve plastic bottles of varying volumes that incorporate an applicator tip of a given bore size for solution release. However, this method of administration is fundamentally flawed as only a small portion of the applied dosage actually penetrates the eye while the majority is rapidly swept away where it is made available for absorption into the systemic circulation (2,3). |
219155591 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-06-01T14:58:31.768Z | 2020-03-19T00:00:00.000Z | Using a risk-oriented approach incurrent assets management
Business risks growing associated with the probability of losses in a business unit sales process due to possible goods rejection by the consumer identified the problem of current assets management model formation. So the inventory information, the information on debts and money resources is gathered and evaluated with the use of risk-oriented approach. The article proposes two approaches to risk identification and quantification in current assets management. The first approach is based on the use of a system of indicators of marketing analysis, where internal and external parameters are linked together. These parameters characterize current assets turnover by means of use of marketing environment indicators. The second approach is based on linking the added value indicators, focused on the basic parameters of economic activity, and added value, focused on demand and consumer preferences. The authors proved the influence of economic cycle of a country on the current assets turnover and justified the use of financial robustness level as a summarizing indicator of risk level in current assets management. The paper also states that the results of risk level assessment are taken into account in the two important processes for current assets management: budgeting and reservation. |
17988291 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-18T15:40:16.861Z | 2010-03-06T00:00:00.000Z | Mobile Peer-to-Peer Technology Used in Water Resources Management
By analyzing the many ways to monitor the reservoir water, we put forward a real-time monitoring of water resources in a more effective solution. In this solution, the Mobile Peer-to-Peer Technology (MP2P) is proved to be an effective means to administer a large number of mobile devices, whose are used to monitor the water resources in the reservoir. Because it could break the area limit of Information Island, and realize the interaction among all kinds of information in the mobile devices. This Technology builds up a universal solution for the mobile resource acquisition, query, synchronization, caching, prefetching, creating and maintenance information interactive routing, which reduces the maintenance cost of resource index table for the mobile devices, and improves the communication efficiency of the Wireless network. The simulation experiments show that the reservoir management platform constructed by MP2P technology has better efficiency than the ones by the existing technology. |
199467641 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-08-08T13:13:49.031Z | 2019-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Subcellular dynamics of proteins and metabolites under abiotic stress reveal deferred response of the Arabidopsis thaliana hexokinase-1 mutant gin2-1 to high light.
Stress responses in plants imply spatio-temporal changes in enzymes and metabolites, including subcellular compartment-specific reallocation processes triggered by sudden changes in environmental parameters. To investigate interactions of primary metabolism with abiotic stress, the gin2-1 mutant, defective in the sugar sensor hexokinase 1 (HXK1) was compared to its wildtype Landsberg erecta (Ler) based on time resolved, compartment specific metabolome and proteome data obtained over a full diurnal cycle. The high light sensitive gin2-1 mutant was substantially delayed in subcellular redistribution of metabolites upon stress, and this correlated with a massive reduction in proteins belonging to the ATP producing electron transport chain under high light, while fewer changes occurred in the cold. In the wildtype, compounds specifically protecting individual compartments could be identified, e.g. maltose and raffinose in plastids, myo-inositol in mitochondria, but gin2-1 failed to recruit these substances to the respective compartments, or responded only slowly to high irradiance. No such delay was obtained in the cold. At the whole-cell level, concentrations of the amino acids, glycine and serine, provided strong evidence for an important role of the photorespiratory pathway during stress exposure, and different subcellular allocation of serine may contribute to the slow growth of the gin2-1 mutant under high irradiance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. |
7169261 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2015-07-06T21:03:06.000Z | 2008-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | A Low-cost Resistance-to-time Converter for Resistive Bridge Sensors
A low-cost resistance-to-time converter is presented for interfacing resistive bridge sensors. It consists of a resistive half bridge, two current-mode Schmitt triggers, a ramp voltage generator, a one-shot multivibrator, and two logic gates. SPICE simulations using discrete components exhibit a conversion sensitivity amounting to 6186.7 ㎲/Ω over the resistance deviation range of 0-2 Ω, and its linearity error is less than 0.0006 %. Power dissipation of the converter is 15.57 ㎽. |
10625811 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-12-15T18:28:26.001Z | 2017-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | What (de)motivates one to volunteer in K-12 STEM-C outreach activities?
Today it is already widely accepted that out of school education exceeds formal education in content and knowledge and that it is not a plus, but a necessity. However, unlike formal education, educators working in informal settings are often volunteers or/and they do those activities on top of their daily jobs. The research questions we pose here are (i) what motivates people to volunteer in K-12 Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (STEM-C) informal education, (ii) what could help to motivate people who are currently demotivated, and finally (iii) what we can do not only to attract new volunteers, but also to retain the current ones. We collected and analyzed opinions of faculty staff, students and volunteers involved in K-12 STEM-C outreach activities conducted at University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Croatia where five years ago, we started our outreach program named SUZA — From school to science and the academic community. The results of our research study show a wide span of reasons why (and why not) people volunteer in our activities, together with their general attitudes toward K-12 STEM-C outreach activities. Although the results are mostly in line with research in the field, there are some specifics which could relate to specifics of volunteering in K-12 STEM-C fields and could benefit wider community. |
44271161 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-01-23T22:37:57.659Z | 2002-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | MREM: An associative autonomous recurrent network
This paper shows a new type Hopfield multivalued recurrent neural model (MREM) and some of its learning capabilities. So, the network can be used as an associative memory (multivalued counterpart of Hopfield network). Moreover, when only two states ({-1, 1} or {0, 1}) are allowed, the network coincides with the bipolar or binary Hopfield discrete models.
Although there exist some other multivalued type Hopfield models, this model uses, in a more proper way, the multivalued information contained in a multivalued neuron. It is possible because we have considered that the interaction between neurons is expressed by a general real function between their outputs, whereas most of others models use the product function that produces only two possible values with a drastic lost of the multivalued information.
The introduction of this function of the outputs of neurons (that we are naming function of similarity as it measures the similarity between the outputs of neurons) allows to represent more properly the interaction between two similar, but different, neuron outputs (for example: waves, colors, etc.) than a binary (or previous multivalued models) do.
In this paper, a method to load a set of patterns into the network has been studied. That method generalizes the Hopfield's one when multivalued neurons are been considered.
Finally, it is shown that by using an augmented network and loading augmented patterns we can avoid the storage of spurious patterns into the network, as the well-known effect of loading the opposite pattern into the Hopfield's network. For this new storage technics has been obtained an expression that allows to set bounds to the capacity of the network.
It must be considered that multivalued patterns contains much more information than bipolar ones. So, for similar capacity value a multivalued network must be preferred to another one whose neuron outputs can take only two values. |
29696661 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:29:42.754Z | 2003-06-30T00:00:00.000Z | Clinical Features of Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma.
PURPOSE
This study was performed to investigate the clinical features of large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the histopathology and clinical information of 37 patients with LCNEC, diagnosed between June 1992 and May 2002 at the Severance Hospital, and performed immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.
RESULTS
The prevalence of LCNEC among primary lung cancers was 0.3%, 37 out of 13, 012 cases over a 10 year period. The mean age was 61+/-12 years old, with 34 (92%) males and 3 (8%) females. 30 patients smoked, with an average of 42 packs per year. A cough was the most frequent symptom. The tumor was located at the periphery of the lung in 24 cases (65%). Among the 30 cases that underwent surgery, 4 were diagnosed pathological stage IA, 11 IB, 1 IIB, 13 IIIA and 1 IIIB. The 7 clinically non-operable cases were IIIB in 3, and IV in 4. The positive rates of CD56, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), chromogranin A, synaptophysin and 34betaE12 for tumor cells were 88.9, 55.6, 42.1, 31.6 and 21.1%, respectively, from the IHC staining. The median survival time and 5 year-survival rate were 24 months and 27%, respectively. The group that underwent surgery had a better prognosis than those that did not.
CONCLUSION
The positive rates for the tumor markers varied, but those of the CD56 and TFT-1 were the highest. The possibility of LCNEC needs to be evaluated for the following situations: small cell carcinomas located at the periphery and not responding chemotherapy, small cell carcinomas diagnosed by percutaneous needle aspiration, poorly differentiated non-mall cell carcinomas, with uncertain histologic type, and unclassified neuroendocrine tumor, etc. |
84513761 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-03-21T13:12:22.669Z | 2001-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Common Reed Phragmites australis: Control and Effects Upon Biodiversity in Freshwater Nontidal Wetlands
Phragmites australis (common reed) has expanded in many wetland habitats. Its ability to exclude other plant species has led to both control and eradication programs. This study examined two control methods—herbicide application or a herbicide‐burning combination—for their efficacy and ability to restore plant biodiversity in non‐tidal wetlands. Two Phragmites‐dominated sites received the herbicide glyphosate. One of these sites was burned following herbicide application. Plant and soil macroinvertebrate abundance and diversity were evaluated pre‐treatment and every year for four years post‐treatment using belt transects. The growth of Phragmites propagules—seeds, rhizomes, and rooted shoots—was examined in the greenhouse and under bare, burned, or vegetated soil conditions. Both control programs greatly reduced Phragmites abundance and increased plant biodiversity. Plant re‐growth was quicker on the herbicide‐burn site, with presumably a more rapid return to wetland function. Re‐growth at both sites depended upon a pre‐existing, diverse soil seed bank. There were no directed changes in soil macroinvertebrate abundance or diversity and they appeared unaffected by changes in the plant community. Phragmites seeds survived only on bare soils, while buried rhizomes survived under all soil conditions. This suggests natural seeding of disturbed soils and inadvertent human planting of rhizomes as likely avenues for Phragmites colonization. Herbicide control, with or without burning, can reduce Phragmites abundance and increase plant biodiversity temporarily. These changes do not necessarily lead to a more diverse animal community. Moreover, unless Phragmites is eradicated and further human disturbance is prohibited, it will likely eventually re‐establish dominance. |
250639861 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-07-19T15:03:58.753Z | 2022-07-17T00:00:00.000Z | Petit Suisse cheese added açai: characterization and effect of the use of thickeners
The search for the development of new dairy products has been growing in recent years. Petit Suisse is a cheese that has been standing out in Brazil, reaching expansion in the market. The cheese added by fruits, such as açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), enhances the energy and nutritional value of the product. Its texture is an important feature, influencing the acquisition by the public. Thus, the objective was to develop and analyze the texture and physicochemical parameters of Petit Suisse cheeses added with açai. Three formulations (F1, F2 and F3) were prepared with different thickeners (xanthan gum and gelatin) and analyzed for texture, moisture, protein and pH parameters. The results indicated similarity between the different formulations for the texture parameters: F1 and F3 showed no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05), and F2 differed from F3 only in elasticity and cohesiveness. It was concluded that the application of different thickeners in Petit Suisse influenced its quality, being considered the best formulation that contained the mixture of thickeners (F3). |
252659511 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2022-10-02T15:04:47.340Z | 2022-09-30T00:00:00.000Z | Teacher Academic Supervision toward Learning Quality through Competence and Work Motivation of Teachers in A-Accredited Public Senior High Schools in Barito Kuala
The quality of education in Barito Kuala is still below the standard and illustrates that the learning quality in senior high school is not maximum. Therefore, this study aims to analyze: teacher academic supervision toward learning quality throu gh competence and work motivation of teachers in A-Accredited Public High Schools in Barito Kuala. This study employed a quantitative descriptive research with a total sample of 124 teachers of Public Senior High Schools with A-accredited in Barito Kuala. The data collection technique was done by distributing questionnaires. The techniques used in analyzing the data we re multiple correlation techniques and path diagrams to display an overview of the correlation between variables according to the assumptions used. Based on the results of calculations and analysis with multiple correlations, it is shown that all statistical hypotheses where t-count > t-table are at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that there is a significant correlation between academic supervision and teacher competence, there is a direct effect of teacher academic supervision on teacher work motivation, there is a direct effect of teacher competence on the quality of learning, there is a direct effect of teacher work motivation on learning quality, there is a direct effect of teacher academic supervision on the quality of learning, there is an indirect effect between teacher academic supervision on the quality of learning through teacher competence, and there is an indirect effect between teacher academic supervision on the quality of learning through teacher work motivation. A professional teacher is expected to master his/her scientific field and be able to transfer it well to the students. Therefore, teachers in improving innovation and creativity need to be supported by the quality of learning that has good quality and high motivation. In achieving this, the role of the principal must contribute to the success, excellence, and quality of the school. |
20814461 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:44:59.609Z | 1976-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | [Advantages of breast feeding (author's transl)].
The advantages of breast feeding are due to numerous factors i.e. the favourable composition of basic nutritives, the content of nucleotides, polyamines, rare fatty acids and rare oligo- and polysaccharides in human milk, its high content of immunologically active substances like immunoglobulins, fats, glycoproteins, lysozyme and lactoferrin, and the psychologically important opportunity for close sensual contact between mother and infant. Involution of the uterus is greatly accelerated by breast feeding. In case the mother has to take certain drugs her breast feeding can be disadvantageous for the infant. At present, we do not see any reason to recommend discontinuation of breast feeding because of the relatively high DDT content found in human milk, since the concentration observed has shown no toxic effects. Furthermore a decrease of DDT concentration in human milk has been observed recently. |
11750061 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-14T19:56:28.671Z | 2013-04-08T00:00:00.000Z | Wide band on-chip slot antenna with back-side etched trench for W-band sensing applications
This paper presents the design and characterization of a highly integrated, wideband on-chip radiometer, composed of a slot antenna, RF-MEMS Dicke Switch, LNA and a wideband power detector. The highly integrated single-chip RF front-end is dedicated for broadband sensing up to 110 GHz. Both antenna and radiometer are fabricated in a 0.25 μm SiGe BiCMOS process. The antenna design takes benefit of the back-side etched trench, offered by the technology. This is used to reduce losses due to the presence of the low resistivity silicon substrate. Additionally, the trench is specially shaped, as to improve the wideband matching of the antenna. The on-chip slot antenna design covers a wide bandwidth (70-110 GHz) with 0 dBi gain and 64% efficiency, both simulated at 94 GHz. The measured bandwidth spans 85 to 105 GHz. The W-band SiGe detector circuit has close to 20 GHz of operational bandwidth (S11≤-10 dB at 75-92 GHz) and presents a responsivity of 3-5kV/W (NEP=10-16 pW/Hz½) at 83-94 GHz. |
30473111 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-02-20T03:06:18.798Z | 2005-10-17T00:00:00.000Z | Rotation and wall propagation in multidomain Co/Pd islands
Patterned magnetic structures with sizes ranging from 30 nm to 5 /spl mu/m have been fabricated to investigate the magnetization reversal of Co/Pd islands with perpendicular anisotropy. The nucleation field for reversal in islands capable of supporting a multidomain ground state (size ranging from 200 nm to 5 /spl mu/m) is higher than the domain wall propagation field and is characterized by a Stoner-Wohlfarth-like angle dependence. Pre-reversed nucleation sites in the islands leads to the 1/cos(/spl theta/) switching behavior indicative of domain wall motion. |
197418361 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-07-18T14:21:59.897Z | 2019-07-06T00:00:00.000Z | Counterexample-Guided Abstraction Refinement for Pattern Selection in Optimal Classical Planning
We describe a new algorithm for generating pattern collections for pattern database heuristics in optimal classical planning. The algorithm uses the counterexample-guided abstraction refinement (CEGAR) principle to guide the pattern selection process. Our experimental evaluation shows that a single run of the CEGAR algorithm can compute informative pattern collections in a fairly short time. Using multiple CEGAR algorithm runs, we can compute much larger pattern collections, still in shorter time than existing approaches, which leads to a planner that outperforms the state-of-the-art pattern selection methods by a significant margin. |
13870311 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:56:16.078Z | 2015-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Quo vadis homine? Or where the marriage goes?
Individuals are consanguineous if they are descended from a common ancestor no more remote than a great, great grandparent. The progeny of consanguineous parents are regarded as inbred. Within a particular society, the population structure and social customs determine the frequency of consanguineous mating; certain marriage requirements as set forth by the church and/or state, are designed to prevent very close mating. Inbreeding of domestic animals can preserve and fix desirable properties and eliminate unfavorable characteristics from livestock. Closely related animals may be mated to produce pure breeds of animals and select offspring of specific desirable types. However, because homozygote is less fit than heterozygote, inbreeding over a long period risks the loss of vigor in the offspring. Similarly, plants are inbred for improved characteristics, either by self-pollination or crossing with closely related plants. The situation in humans is far more complex. Genetic effects of inbreeding can be detected in the inbreed individual, in the form of gene doubling. Affected genes appear as a single line in each of the common ancestors but double in the progeny. In other words, modern genetic technology allows us to show how consanguinity reveals recessive inheritance and recessive traits. One means of reducing the accumulation of undesirable or potentially dangerous genetic material in human population is to prevent conception. Same sex marriage, legalized in some countries, does not produce children and is thus exempt from consanguinity restrictions. If same sex marriage became universally legal, mating among close cousins, or even brothers or sisters, uncle and nephew, and aunt and nice. A same sex marriage without the possibility of conception is the most efficient way to control reproduction, but this idea is not universally accepted. In the first place, only a small percentage of the population would likely be affected, since the heterosexual population is much larger than a homosexual one. Secondly, and more importantly, many people consider a homosexual relationship to be an unnatural, even evil. It thus becomes increasingly difficult to predict in which direction marriage will go. |
27062661 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-07-31T19:16:26.314Z | 2009-12-18T00:00:00.000Z | Evidence for Rare Capsular Switching in Streptococcus agalactiae
ABSTRACT The polysaccharide capsule is a major antigenic factor in Streptococcus agalactiae (Lancefield group B streptococcus [GBS]). Previous observations suggest that exchange of capsular loci is likely to occur rather frequently in GBS, even though GBS is not known to be naturally transformable. We sought to identify and characterize putative capsular switching events, by means of a combination of phenotypic and genotypic methods, including pulsed-field gel electrophoretic profiling, multilocus sequence typing, and surface protein and pilus gene profiling. We show that capsular switching by horizontal gene transfer is not as frequent as previously suggested. Serotyping errors may be the main reason behind the overestimation of capsule switching, since phenotypic techniques are prone to errors of interpretation. The identified putative capsular transformants involved the acquisition of the entire capsular locus and were not restricted to the serotype-specific central genes, the previously suggested main mechanism underlying capsular switching. Our data, while questioning the frequency of capsular switching, provide clear evidence for in vivo capsular transformation in S. agalactiae, which may be of critical importance in planning future vaccination strategies against this pathogen. |
41916011 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T05:10:57.210Z | 1983-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | The cost of laboratory technology: a framework for cost management.
Laboratory costs at Vancouver General Hospital have been increasing over the past decade. Of the numerous explanations that have been offered for these increases, one contributing factor is the impact of automation and technology. An aggregate measure of laboratory technology was constructed and the net contribution to cost per acute care admission was estimated. Technology has two counteracting effects: It stimulates demand for tests, thus increasing cost per acute care admission, and it increases productivity, thus reducing costs. Effective management may be able to achieve the cost reductions without incurring an increased demand. |
21757261 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T00:52:29.352Z | 2007-11-01T00:00:00.000Z | Neutrophil interactions with keratocytes during corneal epithelial wound healing: a role for CD18 integrins.
PURPOSE
To determine the role of keratocytes and leukocyte beta(2) (CD18) integrins in neutrophil (PMN) migration through the corneal stroma after epithelial scrape injury.
METHODS
Using C57BL/6 wild-type and CD18(-/-) mice, corneas were excised at 6 hours (wild-type) or 24 hours (CD18(-/-)) after central corneal epithelial abrasion, time points determined previously to have similar levels of emigrated PMNs. Corneas were prepared for ultrastructural morphometric analysis of PMNs, keratocyte networks, and collagen.
RESULTS
Transmission electron microscopy revealed intact keratocyte networks within the paralimbus that were morphometrically similar, regardless of epithelial injury or mouse genotype. Secondary to epithelial abrasion, extravasated PMNs within the paralimbus developed close contacts with keratocytes and collagen. In wild-type mice, 40% of the PMN surface was in contact with the keratocyte surface, and this value decreased to 10% in CD18(-/-) mice. PMN contact with collagen was similar in wild-type and CD18(-/-) mice, with approximately 50% of the PMN surface contacting the collagen fibrils. Since corneal edema resulting from scrape injury was similar, regardless of genotype and did not involve structural changes in collagen fibrils, these data favor a direct role for CD18 in mediating PMN contact with keratocytes.
CONCLUSIONS
The data show that in response to epithelial scrape injury, PMN migration in the corneal stroma involves close contact between keratocytes and collagen. Although PMN-keratocyte contacts require CD18 integrins, contact with collagen is CD18 independent. Fundamentally, PMN migration along keratocyte networks constitutes the beginning of a new experimental concept for understanding leukocyte migration within the wounded cornea. |
20273161 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-06-20T16:36:36.365Z | 2008-02-01T00:00:00.000Z | Biomolecular simulation: historical picture and future perspectives.
Over the last 30 years, computation based on molecular models is playing an increasingly important role in biology, biological chemistry and biophysics. Since only a very limited number of properties of biomolecular systems are actually accessible to measurement by experimental means, computer simulation complements experiments by providing not only averages, but also distributions and time series of any definable, observable or non-observable, quantity. Biomolecular simulation may be used (i) to interpret experimental data, (ii) to provoke new experiments, (iii) to replace experiments and (iv) to protect intellectual property. Progress over the last 30 years is sketched and perspectives are outlined for the future. |
39719461 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T04:36:47.148Z | 2015-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | The "Fourth Mission": The Time Commitment of Anesthesiology Faculty for Management Is Comparable to Their Time Commitments to Education, Research, and Indirect Patient Care.
Academic anesthesia departments have management responsibilities (e.g., coordinating sedation, directing the operating rooms [ORs], informatics, ongoing professional performance evaluation, staff scheduling, and workroom inventory management). For each of the 64 faculty, a survey sampled 10 weekdays and 4 weekend days of professional activity over N=56 days. Faculty time in managerial activities was 126% of time spent on education, 107% of time spent in research, and 112% of time spent on mandatory indirect clinical support (e.g., fire safety training). The 95% lower confidence limits calculated using Fieller's theorem were 107%, 89%, and 91%, respectively. Corresponding bootstrap limits were 107%, 89%, and 90%, respectively. Thus, although our College of Medicine tripartite mission includes clinical care, education, and research, administrative activities constitute a "fourth mission" of our department. |
220984711 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-08-20T06:11:23.842Z | 1985-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | How effective was National No Smoking Day, 1984?
NATIONAL No Smoking Day 1984 was sponsored for the first time by a coalition of national organisations, with a budget of £50,000. The aim of the event was to obtain maximum publicity for smoking and health and to encourage smokers to attempt to give up, at least for the day. Evaluation revealed that the day generated considerable publicity, stimulating at least 1140 reports in the media, with 13 each on national TV and radio. It was also widely supported at local level. Up to 1.8 million smokers took part by giving up, attempting to give up, or reducing consumption on the day. An estimated 500,000 reported that they were smoking less three months later, as a result of hearing about the day. Follow up research suggested that these results could be improved by laying greater emphasis on helping smokers to give up, rather than on "anti-smoking", in future. Similar levels of awareness and participa tion were achieved in 1985, according to preliminary analysis. |
62277911 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2014-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | 2012-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | A Model Mapping Approach for storing XML documents in Relational databases
The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is used for representing data over the web. Storing XML documents in relational databases uses two kinds of approaches: Model mapping and Structured mapping. This paper explores a model mapping approach for storing XML data in relational database which use two tables in it: Node table and Data table. Node table stores all node id’s along with node names. Data table stores corresponding node values in it. We also propose an algorithm that shows how the nodes of the XML document are stored in terms of tables in database. |
55907611 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-12-16T15:13:13.783Z | 2018-10-01T00:00:00.000Z | Pr/Ba cation-disordered perovskite Pr2/3Ba1/3CoO3−δ as a new bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions
Electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) play an important role in renewable energy source technologies, typically including metal-air batteries, fuel cells and water splitting devices. Therefore, the development of bifunctional catalysts for OER and ORR is of great importance to enhance the performance of these devices. Herein, we present a Pr/Ba cation-disordered perovskite Pr2/3Ba1/3CoO31δ, as a novel bifunctional catalyst for OER and ORR. Here δ is the content of oxygen vacancies. Rietveld refinement of the X-ray powder diffraction data of Pr2/3Ba1/3CoO2.98 was successfully performed by a single phase with an orthorhombic Pnma Pr/Ba cation-disordered perovskite-type structure. The bond valence sum of Co cation, 3.11 and thermogravimetric measurements suggested the coexistence of Co3+, Co4+, Pr3+ and Pr4+ cations in the bulk Pr2/3Ba1/3CoO2.98. The X-ray photoemission spectroscopy of Pr2/3Ba1/3CoO2.98 indicated the coexistence of these four cations at the sample surface, which would improve the electrocatalysis. The electrical conductivity · of Pr/Ba cation-disordered perovskite Pr2/3Ba1/3CoO31δ was higher than that of Pr/Ba cation-ordered layered perovskite PrBaCo2O61δ. The · of Pr2/3Ba1/3CoO31δ and PrBaCo2O61δ decreased with an increase of temperature. The concentration of oxygen vacancies δ of Pr2/3Ba1/3CoO31δ increased with increasing temperature. Electrochemical measurements of the Pr/Ba cation-disordered perovskite Pr2/3Ba1/3CoO2.98 indicated higher OER and ORR catalytic activities, compared to the Pr/Ba cation-ordered layered perovskite PrBaCo2O61δ. The Pr2/3Ba1/3CoO2.98 exhibited higher bifunctional electrocatalytic activities compared with many bifunctional catalysts in the literature. These results highlight the Pr/Ba cation-disordered perovskite-type Pr2/3Ba1/3CoO31δ as a promising bifunctional catalyst for renewable energy applications. ©2018 The Ceramic Society of Japan. All rights reserved. |
216114961 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-08-20T01:40:51.780Z | 2008-09-05T00:00:00.000Z | FROM THE EDITOR
Welcome to the third issue of Volume Two of our journal. In this new issue, we offer new research in the areas of sexual identity and gender differences in substance abuse and violence, as well as on the relationship between LGBQ identity development and hope, optimism, and life engagement. In addition, there are two conceptual/best practice articles focusing on working with gay men from a narrative counseling perspective and on pre-union counseling. As the Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling continues to attract an increasing number of submissions, we feel confident in our ability to present to you with diverse articles covering all of the areas within the field of counseling that affects the lives of LGBT individuals, families, and allies. In the meantime, please enjoy this issue, and we hope you will look forward to future issues as they arrive. Ned Farley, PhD Editor |
41059361 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-09-01T19:44:33.021Z | 2017-08-20T00:00:00.000Z | DNN-Based Ultrasound-to-Speech Conversion for a Silent Speech Interface
In this paper we present our initial results in articulatory-toacoustic conversion based on tongue movement recordings using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Despite the fact that deep learning has revolutionized several fields, so far only a few researchers have applied DNNs for this task. Here, we compare various possible feature representation approaches combined with DNN-based regression. As the input, we recorded synchronized 2D ultrasound images and speech signals. The task of the DNN was to estimate Mel-Generalized Cepstrum-based Line Spectral Pair (MGC-LSP) coefficients, which then served as input to a standard pulse-noise vocoder for speech synthesis. As the raw ultrasound images have a relatively high resolution, we experimented with various feature selection and transformation approaches to reduce the size of the feature vectors. The synthetic speech signals resulting from the various DNN configurations were evaluated both using objective measures and a subjective listening test. We found that the representation that used several neighboring image frames in combination with a feature selection method was preferred both by the subjects taking part in the listening experiments, and in terms of the Normalized Mean Squared Error. Our results may be useful for creating Silent Speech Interface applications in the future. |
9004411 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-10-14T08:09:16.529Z | 2000-03-01T00:00:00.000Z | Streptococcus gordonii Strains Resistant to Fluorodeoxyuridine Contain Mutations in the Thymidine Kinase Gene and Are Deficient in Thymidine Kinase Activity
ABSTRACT Mutants of Streptococcus gordonii resistant to 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdRr) were isolated. Each strain contained a point mutation resulting in the premature termination of the thymidine kinase (TK) open reading frame (tdk). In vitro translation of the mutant tdkcoding regions resulted in synthesis of truncated TK polypeptides deficient in TK activity. |
220633961 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2020-07-16T09:08:01.843Z | 2020-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | Inverse Kinematic Simulation of Industrial Robotic Manipulators Using RecurDyn and Matlab with Experiment Verification
The simulation and application of industrial robots has developed very quickly in recent decades. Along with the development of computer science, a lot of softwares to perform dynamic simulation have been created. The results of simulation can be used for layout evaluation, kinematic, dynamic study, off-line programming to avoid obstacle and for design mechanical structure of robots. A co-simulation of 2R industrial robots have been performed by Recurdyn and Matlab. The input parameters are executed under Matlab, and then exported to Recurdyn environment. Kinematic parameters will be executed by RecurDyn then exported to Matlab. The main tasks of this paper are performing 2R robotic manipulator kinematic simulation in two postures with the same trajectory and the same time. Thus, the result of simulation can be compared with theories. Finally, a real 2R robot model was used to verify the trajectory with CAE simulation. |
197805411 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2017-03-19T06:58:25.826Z | 2010-05-01T00:00:00.000Z | Contraceptive Continuation in Kenya
HOLLY MCCLAIN BURKE: CONTRACEPTIVE CONTINUATION IN KENYA (Under the direction of Carolyn Tucker Halpern) Contraceptive discontinuation is high in Kenya—a quarter of family planning (FP) users discontinue within 12 months, despite having FP needs. The purpose of this dissertation was to provide the foundation for interpretation of the findings of a four-year, quasi-experimental intervention study being conducted to encourage the continued use of contraceptives by developing, implementing and evaluating a communication campaign intended to increase continuation rates among contraceptive injectable users in Nyando District, Kenya. The pre-intervention research in this dissertation is presented in two papers. For the first paper, fourteen focus group discussion (FGDs) were conducted in Nyando District among current contraceptive injectable users and their salient references, people who influence women's use and discontinuation of contraception. The purpose of the FGDs was to understand why women discontinue using contraceptives. For the second paper, continuation rates were measured in two districts in western Kenya before implementing a campaign to increase contraceptive continuation. Prospective data were collected over 9-months to: (a) describe factors which predict occurrence and timing of contraceptive discontinuation among first-time contraceptive injectable users, and (b) determine if rates and predictors of discontinuation differ between districts. The second study incorporated novel time-dependent attitudinal and motivational factors. In the first paper, discontinuation occurred for logistical, social and medical reasons. Common reasons for discontinuation included side effects, husbands' opposition, provider and/or clinic restrictions, misconceptions about injectables, stock outs, and lack of cash to purchase contraceptives or pay for FP services. iii The following factors predicted discontinuation in the second paper: side effects or health concerns, nervousness about using contraception, no previous use of modern FP, unmarried at study enrollment, preferring more privacy during FP appointment, and paying more for FP services. Associations between predictors and discontinuation differed between the districts, as did rates of discontinuation. The findings from both papers highlight the importance of side effects and health concerns on premature discontinuation of contraception suggesting that FP services more strongly address these topics. Both studies also indicate that interventions aimed at increasing continuation be tailored to address community-specific concerns. Results are used to suggest intervention points for increasing continuation of FP in western Kenya. iv To the memory of my father v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was made possible through support provided by the Office of Population and Reproductive Health Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development, under the … |
22170461 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:38:06.899Z | 2011-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Anti‐allergic effects of total bakkenolides from Petasites tricholobus in ovalbumin‐sensitized rats
The anti‐allergic effect of total bakkenolides from the rhizome of Petasites tricholobus (BAPT) was evaluated in an ovalbumin‐induced allergic rhinitis model in male Wistar rats. The major components of the bakkenolide fraction are bakkenolide‐D, bakkenolide‐B, bakkenolide‐IIIa and bakkenolide‐IVa, which account for 60.04% of the total. The rats were treated with 40 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg BAPT, and 0.942 mg/kg loratadine and 0.5% gum tragacanth were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The frequency of nose rubbing and sneezing was observed, the number of eosinophils infiltrating into the nasal tissue was counted, and serum levels of IL‐4 and histamine were determined by ELISA. The results showed that BAPT had a beneficial effect on allergic rhinitis in ovalbumin‐sensitized Wistar rats, which was evidenced by a significant decrease in the frequency of sneezing, the number of eosinophils infiltrating into the nasal tissue, and the serum levels of IL‐4 and histamine. BAPT may therefore be a potential antiallergic drug. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
205093761 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T06:06:55.071Z | 2012-04-11T00:00:00.000Z | Outcomes after induction failure in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
BACKGROUND
Failure of remission-induction therapy is a rare but highly adverse event in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
METHODS
We identified induction failure, defined by the persistence of leukemic blasts in blood, bone marrow, or any extramedullary site after 4 to 6 weeks of remission-induction therapy, in 1041 of 44,017 patients (2.4%) 0 to 18 years of age with newly diagnosed ALL who were treated by a total of 14 cooperative study groups between 1985 and 2000. We analyzed the relationships among disease characteristics, treatments administered, and outcomes in these patients.
RESULTS
Patients with induction failure frequently presented with high-risk features, including older age, high leukocyte count, leukemia with a T-cell phenotype, the Philadelphia chromosome, and 11q23 rearrangement. With a median follow-up period of 8.3 years (range, 1.5 to 22.1), the 10-year survival rate (±SE) was estimated at only 32±1%. An age of 10 years or older, T-cell leukemia, the presence of an 11q23 rearrangement, and 25% or more blasts in the bone marrow at the end of induction therapy were associated with a particularly poor outcome. High hyperdiploidy (a modal chromosome number >50) and an age of 1 to 5 years were associated with a favorable outcome in patients with precursor B-cell leukemia. Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation from matched, related donors was associated with improved outcomes in T-cell leukemia. Children younger than 6 years of age with precursor B-cell leukemia and no adverse genetic features had a 10-year survival rate of 72±5% when treated with chemotherapy only.
CONCLUSIONS
Pediatric ALL with induction failure is highly heterogeneous. Patients who have T-cell leukemia appear to have a better outcome with allogeneic stem-cell transplantation than with chemotherapy, whereas patients who have precursor B-cell leukemia without other adverse features appear to have a better outcome with chemotherapy. (Funded by Deutsche Krebshilfe and others.). |
29074361 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T01:20:18.255Z | 2001-07-01T00:00:00.000Z | Vitamins C and E improve rat embryonic antioxidant defense mechanism in diabetic culture medium.
BACKGROUND
Diabetes teratogenicity seems to be related to embryonic oxidative stress and the extent of the embryonic damage can apparently be reduced by antioxidants. We have studied the mechanism by which antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, reduce diabetes-induced embryonic damage. We therefore compared the antioxidant capacity of 10.5-day-old rat embryos and their yolk sacs cultured for 28h in diabetic culture medium with or without vitamins C and E.
METHODS
The embryos were cultured in 90% rat serum to which 2mg/ml glucose, 2mg/ml beta hydroxy butyrate (BHOB) and 10 microg/ml of acetoacetate were added. Rat embryos were also cultured in a diabetic medium with 25 microg/ml of vitamin E and 50 microg/ml of vitamin C. Control embryos were cultured in normal rat serum with or without vitamins C and E.
RESULTS
Decreased activity of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and of catalase (CAT) in the "diabetic" embryos and their yolk sacs, and reduced concentrations of low molecular weight antioxidant (LMWA) were found. Under these conditions we also found a decrease in vitamin C and vitamin E concentrations in the embryos, as measured by HPLC. In situ hybridization for SOD mRNA showed a marked reduction of SOD mRNA in the brain, spinal cord, heart and liver of embryos cultured in diabetic medium in comparison to controls. Following the addition of vitamins C and E to the diabetic culture medium, SOD and CAT activity, the concentrations of LMWA, the levels of vitamin C and E and the expression of SOD mRNA in the embryos and yolk sacs returned to normal.
CONCLUSIONS
Diabetic metabolic factors seem to have a direct effect on embryonic SOD gene and perhaps genes of other antioxidant enzymes, reducing embryonic endogenous antioxidant defense mechanism. This in turn may cause a depletion of the LMWA, such as vitamins C and E. The addition of these vitamins normalizes the embryonic antioxidant defense mechanism, reducing the damage caused by the diabetic environment. |
144112661 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2019-05-04T13:07:55.576Z | 1993-06-01T00:00:00.000Z | Psychological issues in crisis management: an introduction
or Slaikeu, 1984). In this issue, experts from Canada, France, the U.K. and the U.S. write on different facets of the psychological issues related to crisis management. In the first article, Christophe Dejours discusses some of the contributions of the field known as the &dquo;psychodynamic analysis of work situation&dquo; to the genesis of some organizational crises. In his article, one of the few available |
50144811 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2015-03-21T17:44:09.000Z | 1998-01-01T00:00:00.000Z | Vhdl Modeling, Test, and Distribution 2 Vhdl Modeling at Msu 2.1 Modeling Overview
This paper presents the ongoing effort of the Mississippi State University / Microsystems Prototyping Laboratory (MSU/MPL) executed as part of the RASSP Technology Base Program. The research underway includes: VHDL model development, VHDL test bench synthesis, and utilization of the World Wide Web (WWW) to document and distribute models, tools, and information. To date, modeling guide lines have been implemented for PROMs, SRAMs, Dual–Port SRAMs, FIFOs, and PLDs. Successful models have been developed using these guidelines. Guidelines for CPLDs and FPGAs are currently being developed. A VHDL Test Bench Synthesis Tool has been developed and is scheduled for beta testing in July 1995. This tool automatically generates VHDL test benches and allows for vendor independent testing methodologies of VHDL designs. The World Wide Web (WWW) is being used to document and release the VHDL models developed. Complete datasheets for sample models have been developed and posted to the Web as an example of hierarchical electronic datasheets. |
20952411 | s2ag/train | v2 | 2018-04-03T02:05:30.740Z | 1987-12-01T00:00:00.000Z | Activation of the inspiratory intercostal muscles by electrical stimulation of the spinal cord.
Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord was evaluated as a method of activating the inspiratory intercostal muscles. Studies were performed in anesthetized dogs after hyperventilation-induced apnea. A stainless steel electrode, rubberized along its entire length except for 2 to 3 mm at the distal tip, was introduced epidurally onto the dorsal surface of the thoracic spinal cord. Stimulating electrodes were also placed in each hemidiaphragm. Intercostal electromyograms, inspired volume, and thoracoabdominal movements were monitored. The inspiratory capacity was determined in each animal as the volume required to achieve an airway pressure of +25 cm H2O during passive lung inflation. Spinal cord stimulation at the T2-T3 spinal level resulted in maximal inspired volume generation and electrical activation of the parasternal, external, and internal intercostal muscles of the upper and midrib cage regions as determined by electromyograms. Intrathoracic pressure swings increased progressively with increasing stimulus amplitude and frequency until plateaus were reached at 6 mA and 40 Hz, respectively. Postphrenicotomy spinal cord stimulation resulted in expansion of the rib cage and reduction in circumference of the abdominal compartment. Inspired volumes during spinal cord stimulation were 537 +/- 49 ml (prephrenicotomy, prone), 347 +/- 19.6 ml (postphrenicotomy, prone), and 303 +/- 30.6 ml (postphrenicotomy, supine). Bilateral diaphragm activation alone resulted in inspired volumes of 404 +/- 39 ml. Combined diaphragm and postphrenicotomy spinal cord stimulation (supine) resulted in an inspired volume of 712 +/- 72 ml, which approximated the inspiratory capacity (803 +/- 35 ml). Our results suggest that spinal cord stimulation may be a useful physiologic and clinical tool to produce coordinated contraction of the inspiratory intercostal muscles. |