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47103589

10.1007/s00041-013-9267-4

International audienceIn this paper, we consider the homogeneous one-dimensional wave equation on $[0,\pi]$ with Dirichlet boundary conditions, and observe its solutions on a subset $\omega$ of $[0,\pi]$. Let $L\in(0,1)$. We investigate the problem of maximizing the observability constant, or its asymptotic average in time, over all possible subsets $\omega$ of $[0,\pi]$ of Lebesgue measure $L\pi$. We solve this problem by means of Fourier series considerations, give the precise optimal value and prove that there does not exist any optimal set except for $L = 1/2$. When $L \neq 1/2$ we prove the existence of solutions of a convexified minimization problem, proving a no gap result. We then provide and solve a modal approximation of this problem, show the oscillatory character of the optimal sets, the so called spillover phenomenon, which explains the lack of existence of classical solutions for the original problem

Optimal observation of the one-dimensional wave equation

optimal observation of the one-dimensional wave equation

audiencein homogeneous dirichlet omega maximizing observability asymptotic subsets omega lebesgue solve fourier considerations precise convexified minimization proving result. solve modal oscillatory character spillover phenomenon explains

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47108387

10.1016/S0022-0728(01)00595-2

International audienceWe have constructed and characterised a glucose sensor using glucose oxidase (GOD) covalently attached to carboxylic acid polyethyleneglycol (PEG), called (PEG–GOD). This modified enzyme was entrapped afterwards within poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDT) films electrogenerated on glassy carbon (GC) electrodes. The composite (PEG–GOD/PEDT) film is more porous than the film without enzyme (PEDT+PEG). Data from electrochemical quartz microbalance (ECQM) and pH-stat experiments indicate a good relative activity of the modified enzyme, ca. 12–15%. Amperometric measurements, using ferrocenemethanol as the redox mediator, confirms that the modified enzyme is catalytically active. The effect of film thickness was also investigated. The sensitivities were quite similar for modified-GOD electrodes (ca. 3 mA cm−2 M−1) and unmodified-GOD electrodes (ca. 2.7 mA cm−2 M−1) but a better stability was obtained with modified PEG–GOD electrodes

A glucose biosensor based on modified-enzyme incorporated within electropolymerised poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDT) films

a glucose biosensor based on modified-enzyme incorporated within electropolymerised poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (pedt) films

audiencewe characterised glucose sensor glucose oxidase covalently attached carboxylic polyethyleneglycol peg–god enzyme entrapped afterwards poly ethylenedioxythiophene pedt films electrogenerated glassy electrodes. composite peg–god pedt film porous film enzyme pedt electrochemical quartz microbalance ecqm stat enzyme amperometric ferrocenemethanol redox mediator confirms enzyme catalytically active. film investigated. sensitivities electrodes unmodified electrodes peg–god electrodes

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47111785

10.1016/j.cma.2010.03.024

International audienceWe derive a posteriori error estimates for a class of second-order monotone quasi-linear diffusion-type problems approximated by piecewise affine, continuous finite elements. Our estimates yield a guaranteed and fully computable upper bound on the error measured by the dual norm of the residual, as well as a global error lower bound, up to a generic constant independent of the nonlinear operator. They are thus fully robust with respect to the nonlinearity, thanks to the choice of the error measure. They are also locally efficient, albeit in a different norm, and hence suitable for adaptive mesh refinement. Moreover, they allow to distinguish, estimate separately, and compare the discretization and linearization errors. Hence, the iterative (Newton--Raphson, quasi-Newton) linearization can be stopped whenever the linearization error drops to the level at which it does not affect significantly the overall error. This can lead to important computational savings, as performing an excessive number of unnecessary linearization iterations can be avoided. Numerical experiments for the $p$-Laplacian illustrate the theoretical developments

Guaranteed and robust a posteriori error estimates and balancing discretization and linearization errors for monotone nonlinear problems

guaranteed and robust a posteriori error estimates and balancing discretization and linearization errors for monotone nonlinear problems

audiencewe derive posteriori monotone quasi approximated piecewise affine elements. guaranteed computable norm residual generic operator. robust nonlinearity thanks measure. locally albeit norm adaptive mesh refinement. distinguish separately discretization linearization errors. iterative newton raphson quasi newton linearization stopped whenever linearization drops error. savings performing excessive unnecessary linearization iterations avoided. laplacian illustrate developments

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47125247

10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00722-7

Nine Early Cretaceous paleomagnetic sites have been collected in the Yumen area of the Hexi Corridor (NW China). Magnetic directions isolated at lower temperatures fail the fold test, and lie close to the geocentric axial dipole field direction before tilt correction. High temperature components are carried by magnetite and/or hematite, all with normal polarity, and pass the fold test. The average paleomagnetic pole from the nine sites is at λ=75.5°N, small phi, Greek=169.9°E (A95=7.7°). These results are consistent with those from other areas of the North China block (NCB), but significantly different from those from the Qaidam Basin on the southern side of the Qilian Mountains. They suggest that: (1) the Yumen region behaved as a rigid part of the NCB since at least the Early Cretaceous; (2) 740±500 km of north-south directed convergence has taken place between the NCB and Qaidam, within the Qilian Mountains and (3) extrusion of Qaidam was accompanied by a 23±5° relative rotation with respect to North China. This is larger than implied by the maximum left lateral slip on the Altyn Tagh fault system. The same data imply some 1000±800 km of Cenozoic motion between the Tarim and NCB blocks, which were so far believed to have formed a rigid entity since at least the Jurassic. One interpretation could be that all Tarim and Qaidam Cretaceous paleomagnetic samples from red beds, but not those from Yumen and the NCB, suffered significant inclination shallowing, as observed in Cenozoic red beds from Central Asia. So far, we do not find support for this possibility. Possible tectonic interpretations include: (1) the existence of a large, as yet uncharted, tectonic discontinuity between Tarim and the NCB in the vicinity of the desert corridor near 95-100°E longitude; (2) the occurrence of significant deformation within southwestern Tarim, to the north of Yingjisha where paleomagnetic sites were obtained, or (3) persistent clockwise rotation of Tarim with respect to the NCB, for at least 20 Ma, at the rate found for current block kinematics

Large NS convergence at the northern edge of the Tibetan plateau ? New Early Cretaceous paleomagnetic data from Hexi Corridor, NW China.

large ns convergence at the northern edge of the tibetan plateau ? new early cretaceous paleomagnetic data from hexi corridor, nw china.

nine cretaceous paleomagnetic yumen hexi corridor directions fail geocentric axial dipole tilt correction. magnetite hematite polarity pass test. paleomagnetic pole nine greek qaidam basin southern qilian mountains. yumen behaved rigid cretaceous directed qaidam qilian mountains extrusion qaidam accompanied china. implied lateral slip altyn tagh fault system. imply cenozoic tarim blocks believed rigid entity jurassic. tarim qaidam cretaceous paleomagnetic beds yumen suffered inclination shallowing cenozoic beds asia. possibility. tectonic interpretations uncharted tectonic discontinuity tarim vicinity desert corridor longitude occurrence deformation southwestern tarim yingjisha paleomagnetic persistent clockwise tarim kinematics

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47274683

10.1051/0004-6361/201425197

International audienceThe positron fraction in cosmic rays was found to be a steadily increasing infunction of energy, above $\sim$ 10 GeV. This behaviour contradicts standardastrophysical mechanisms, in which positrons are secondary particles, producedin the interactions of primary cosmic rays during the propagation in theinterstellar medium. The observed anomaly in the positron fraction triggered alot of excitement, as it could be interpreted as an indirect signature of thepresence of dark matter species in the Galaxy. Alternatively, it could beproduced by nearby astrophysical sources, such as pulsars. Both hypotheses areprobed in this work in light of the latest AMS-02 positron fractionmeasurements. The transport of the primary and secondary positrons in theGalaxy is described using a semi-analytic two-zone model. MicrOMEGAs is used tomodel the positron flux generated by dark matter species. The description ofthe positron fraction from astrophysical sources is based on the pulsarobservations included in the ATNF catalogue. We find that the mass of thefavoured dark matter candidates is always larger than 500 GeV. The only darkmatter species that fulfils the numerous gamma ray and cosmic microwavebackground bounds is a particle annihilating into four leptons through a lightscalar or vector mediator, with a mixture of tau (75%) and electron (25%)channels, and a mass between 0.5 and 1 TeV. The positron anomaly can also beexplained by a single astrophysical source and a list of five pulsars from theATNF catalogue is given. Those results are obtained with the cosmic raytransport parameters that best fit the B/C ratio. Uncertainties in thepropagation parameters turn out to be very significant. In the WIMPannihilation cross section to mass plane for instance, they overshadow theerror contours derived from the positron data

A new look at the cosmic ray positron fraction

a new look at the cosmic ray positron fraction

audiencethe positron cosmic rays steadily infunction gev. contradicts standardastrophysical positrons producedin cosmic rays propagation theinterstellar medium. anomaly positron triggered alot excitement interpreted indirect signature thepresence galaxy. alternatively beproduced nearby astrophysical pulsars. hypotheses areprobed latest positron fractionmeasurements. positrons thegalaxy analytic model. micromegas tomodel positron species. ofthe positron astrophysical pulsarobservations atnf catalogue. thefavoured candidates gev. darkmatter fulfils numerous gamma cosmic microwavebackground bounds annihilating leptons lightscalar mediator mixture tev. positron anomaly beexplained astrophysical pulsars theatnf catalogue given. cosmic raytransport ratio. thepropagation significant. wimpannihilation overshadow theerror contours positron

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47307315

10.1007/978-3-642-55355-4_17

Part 3: Finance and Service ScienceInternational audienceService-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is important for organisations to achieve dynamic business process and build business agility. One of the first step for service oriented applications implementation is to properly identify a set of fine-grained services. A right service granularity is necessary to satisfy lower coupling and higher cohesion principles for reusable software services. To meet this challenge, a lot of efforts have been attached to support service identification. In this paper, by considering the dependency combined with the idea of graph partition, a service identification method is proposed from the business process’s perspective. The illustration example has shown its promising and it is expected that the proposed service identification method can offer researchers further insight into service granularity analysis

Process Oriented Dependency Modelling for Service Identification

process oriented dependency modelling for service identification

finance scienceinternational audienceservice oriented architecture organisations build agility. oriented properly fine grained services. granularity satisfy cohesion principles reusable services. meet challenge efforts attached identification. dependency partition process’s perspective. illustration promising offer researchers insight granularity

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47321290

10.1007/978-3-319-07221-0_27

International audienceAs Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) gains a broader usage as a viable alternative to classic educational scenarios, the need for automated tools capable of supporting tutors in the time consuming process of analyzing conversations becomes more stringent. Moreover, in order to fully explore the benefits of such scenarios, a clear demarcation must be made between participation or active involvement, and collaboration that presumes the intertwining of ideas or points of view with other participants. Therefore, starting from a cohesion-based model of the discourse, we propose two computational models for assessing collaboration and participation. The first model is based on the cohesion graph and can be perceived as a longitudinal analysis of the ongoing conversation, thus accounting for participation from a social knowledge-building perspective. In the second approach, collaboration is regarded from a dialogical perspective as the intertwining or overlap of voices pertaining to different speakers, therefore enabling a transversal analysis of subsequent discussion slices

Validating the Automated Assessment of Participation and of Collaboration in Chat Conversations

validating the automated assessment of participation and of collaboration in chat conversations

audienceas collaborative cscl gains broader usage viable classic educational scenarios automated capable supporting tutors consuming analyzing conversations stringent. explore benefits scenarios demarcation participation involvement presumes intertwining ideas participants. cohesion discourse propose assessing participation. cohesion perceived longitudinal ongoing conversation accounting participation perspective. regarded dialogical perspective intertwining overlap voices pertaining speakers enabling transversal slices

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47729660

10.1016/j.jpubeco.2011.08.011

International audienceWe propose an analytical solution to a Schelling segregation model for a relatively broad range of utility functions. Using evolutionary game theory, we provide existence conditions for a potential function, which characterizes the global configuration of the city and is maximized in the stationary state. We use this potential function to analyze the outcome of the model for three utility functions corresponding to different degrees of preference for mixed neighborhoods: (i) we show that linear utility functions is the only case where the potential function is proportional to collective utility, the latter being therefore maximized in stationary configurations; (ii) Schelling's original utility function is shown to drive segregation at the expense of collective utility; (iii) if agents have a strict preference for mixed neighborhoods but also prefer to be in the majority versus the minority, the model converges to perfectly segregated configurations, which clearly diverge from the social optimum. Departing from the existing literature, these conclusions are based on analytical results which open the way to analysis of many preference structures. Since our model is based on bounded rather than continuous neighborhoods as in Schelling's original model, we discuss the differences generated by the bounded- and continuous-neighborhood definitions and show that, in the case of the continuous neighborhood, a potential function exists if and only if the utility functions are linear. A side result is that our analysis builds a bridge between Schelling's model and the Duncan and Duncan segregation index

Dynamic models of residential segregation: An analytical solution

dynamic models of residential segregation: an analytical solution

audiencewe propose schelling segregation broad utility functions. evolutionary game characterizes city maximized stationary state. analyze utility preference neighborhoods utility collective utility maximized stationary configurations schelling utility drive segregation expense collective utility strict preference neighborhoods prefer majority minority converges perfectly segregated configurations diverge optimum. departing preference structures. neighborhoods schelling neighborhood definitions neighborhood utility linear. builds bridge schelling duncan duncan segregation

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47766034

10.1080/03057267.2010.504543

The original publication is available at http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a926718465~db=all~ jumptype=rssInternational audienceThis literature review provides an overview of recent studies on the introduction of nanosciences and nanotechnologies in secondary education. Four salient research topics have emerged: questions and reflections preceding curriculum development on nanosciences and nanotechnologies lessons; research on students' conceptualisations of nano-related concepts; the use of haptic tools to teach nanosciences and nanotechnologies; and professional development for secondary schools teachers. In a final critical discussion, the lack of studies in the literature considering nanosciences and nanotechnologies as a socioscientific issue in secondary education is emphasised. In addition, implications for future research as well as suggestions for nanosciences and nanotechnologies curriculum development are considered

Nanosciences and nanotechnologies learning and teaching in secondary education: A review of literature

nanosciences and nanotechnologies learning and teaching in secondary education: a review of literature

publication jumptype rssinternational audiencethis overview nanosciences nanotechnologies education. salient topics emerged reflections preceding curriculum nanosciences nanotechnologies lessons conceptualisations nano concepts haptic teach nanosciences nanotechnologies professional schools teachers. nanosciences nanotechnologies socioscientific emphasised. suggestions nanosciences nanotechnologies curriculum

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47814413

10.1016/j.respol.2004.01.004

International audienceHuman capital and social networks are the two pillars supporting scientists' and engineers' ability to contribute knowledge. Throughout their careers, scientists seek to enhance both. Human capital endowments include not only formal education and its representation in credentials but the actual scientific and technical knowledge, craft knowledge and technical skills. In science and technology the deploying of human capital in the production of scientific and technical knowledge is intensely and inevitably social. Science cannot be understood in purely cognitive terms. Social mechanisms undergird not only the production of knowledge but its distribution and use. Scientific and technical journals and conferences are social institutions, as well as intellectual property protections, grants and awards, job placement and career transitions which are governed by social institutions. Social networks are the means by which scientists and engineers traverse social institutions. Indeed, scientists and engineers are as dependent upon social networks as they are upon such tangible scientific tools as electron microscopes, supercomputers and synchrotrons. Research policy and management scholars have long recognized the importance of scientists' and engineers' human capital endowments and their social networks. It is surprising, though, how rarely the two are viewed as part and parcel of a single bundl

Editor's Introduction: Scientific and Technical Human Capital

editor's introduction: scientific and technical human capital

audiencehuman capital pillars supporting scientists engineers knowledge. careers scientists seek enhance both. capital endowments formal credentials craft skills. deploying capital intensely inevitably social. understood purely terms. undergird use. journals conferences institutions intellectual protections grants awards placement career governed institutions. scientists engineers traverse institutions. scientists engineers tangible microscopes supercomputers synchrotrons. scholars recognized scientists engineers capital endowments networks. surprising rarely viewed parcel bundl

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47835979

10.1007/s11245-009-9067-2

International audienceThis paper sets out to adduce visual evidence for Kroneckerian finitism by making perspicuous some of the insights that buttress Kronecker's conception of arithmetization as a process aiming at disclosing the arithmetical essence enshrined in analytical formulas, by spotting discrete patterns through algorithmic fine-tuning. In the light of a fairly tractable case study, it is argued that Kronecker's main tenet in philosophy of mathematics is not so much an ontological as a methodological one, inasmuch as highly demanding requirements regarding mathematical understanding prevail over mere preemptive reductionism to whole numbers

How Discrete Patterns Emerge from Algorithmic Fine-Tuning: A Visual Plea for Kroneckerian Finitism

how discrete patterns emerge from algorithmic fine-tuning: a visual plea for kroneckerian finitism

audiencethis adduce kroneckerian finitism perspicuous insights buttress kronecker conception arithmetization aiming disclosing arithmetical essence enshrined formulas spotting algorithmic fine tuning. fairly tractable argued kronecker tenet philosophy mathematics ontological methodological inasmuch demanding mathematical prevail mere preemptive reductionism

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48201043

10.1002/wrcr.20466

International audienceTo obtain better constraints on the control of seasonal hydrological variations on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics in headwater catchments, we combined hydrometric monitoring with high-frequency analyses of DOC concentration and DOC chemical composition (specific UV adsorption, 13C) in soil and stream waters during one complete hydrological cycle in a small lowland catchment of western France. We observed a succession of four hydrological periods, each corresponding to specific DOC signatures. In particular, the rise of the upland water table at the end of the rewetting period yielded to a strong increase of the specific UV absorbance (from 2.5 to 4.0 L mg C 1 m 1) and of the 13C values (from 29 to 27%) of the soil DOC. Another striking feature was the release of large amounts of DOC during reduction of soil Fe-oxyhydroxides at the end of the highflow period. Comparison of hydrometric data with DOC composition metrics showed that soils from the upland domains were rapidly DOC depleted after the rise of the water table in these domains, whereas wetland soils acted as quasi-infinite DOC sources. Results from this study showed that the composition and ultimate source of the DOC exported to the stream will depend on the period within the annual hydrological cycle. However, we found that the aromatic DOC component identified during the high-flow period will likely represent the dominant DOC component in stream waters on an annual basis, because most of the annual stream DOC flux is exported during such periods

Hydrologically driven seasonal changes in the sources and production mechanisms of dissolved organic carbon in a small lowland catchment

hydrologically driven seasonal changes in the sources and production mechanisms of dissolved organic carbon in a small lowland catchment

audienceto seasonal hydrological dissolved headwater catchments hydrometric adsorption stream waters hydrological lowland catchment france. succession hydrological signatures. upland rewetting yielded absorbance doc. striking amounts oxyhydroxides highflow period. hydrometric metrics soils upland rapidly depleted wetland soils acted quasi infinite sources. ultimate exported stream hydrological cycle. aromatic stream waters stream exported

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48205664

10.1051/0004-6361/201117494

International audienceContext. Hydrogenation reactions dominate grain surface chemistry in dense molecular clouds and lead to the formation of complex saturated molecules in the interstellar medium. Aims. We investigate in the laboratory the hydrogenation reaction network of hydrogen cyanide HCN. Methods. Pure hydrogen cyanide HCN and methanimine CH2NH ices are bombarded at room temperature by H-atoms in an ultra-high vacuum experiment. Warm H-atoms are generated in an H2 plasma source. The ices are monitored with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in reflection absorption mode. The hydrogenation products are detected in the gas phase by mass spectroscopy during temperature-programmed desorption experiments. Results. HCN hydrogenation leads to the formation of methylamine CH3NH2, and CH2NH hydrogenation leads to the formation of methylamine CH3NH2, suggesting that CH2NH can be a hydrogenation-intermediate species between HCN and CH3NH2. Conclusions. In cold environments the HCN hydrogenation reaction can produce CH3NH2, which is known to be a glycine precursor, and to destroy solid-state HCN, preventing its observation in molecular clouds ices

Hydrogenation of solid hydrogen cyanide HCN and methanimine CH2NH at low temperature

hydrogenation of solid hydrogen cyanide hcn and methanimine ch2nh at low temperature

audiencecontext. hydrogenation dominate grain dense clouds saturated interstellar medium. aims. hydrogenation cyanide hcn. methods. cyanide methanimine ices bombarded room ultra experiment. warm source. ices monitored fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reflection mode. hydrogenation spectroscopy programmed desorption experiments. results. hydrogenation methylamine hydrogenation methylamine hydrogenation conclusions. cold environments hydrogenation glycine precursor destroy preventing clouds ices

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48325514

10.1007/978-1-4939-2733-3_13

International audienceIn this paper, we analyze Nash equilibria between electricity producers selling their production on an electricity market and buying CO2 emission allowances on an auction carbon market. The producers' strategies integrate the coupling of the two markets via the cost functions of the electricity production. We set out a clear Nash equilibrium on the power market that can be used to compute equilibrium prices on both markets as well as the related electricity produced and CO2 emissions released

Game theory analysis for carbon auction market through electricity market coupling

game theory analysis for carbon auction market through electricity market coupling

audiencein analyze nash equilibria electricity producers selling electricity buying allowances auction market. producers integrate markets electricity production. nash prices markets electricity released

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48352244

10.1016/j.patrec.2010.05.001

This preprint may be slightly different from the one published by ElsevierInternational audienceAn important problem in statistics is to determine a joint probability distribution from its marginals and an important problem in Computed Tomography (CT) is to reconstruct an image from its projections. In the bivariate case, the marginal probability density functions f1(x) and f2(y) are related to their joint distribution f(x, y) via horizontal and vertical line integrals. Interestingly, this is also the case of a very limited angle X-ray CT problem where f(x, y) is an image representing the distribution of the material density and f1(x), f2(y) are the horizontal and vertical line integrals. The problem of determining f(x, y) from f1(x) and f2(y) is an ill-posed undetermined inverse problem. In statistics the notion of copula is exactly introduced to characterize all the possible solutions to the problem of reconstructing a bivariate density from its marginals. In this paper, we elaborate on the possible link between copula and CT and try to see whether we can use the methods used in one domain into the other

Link between copula and tomography

link between copula and tomography

preprint elsevierinternational audiencean marginals tomography reconstruct projections. bivariate marginal integrals. interestingly representing integrals. determining posed undetermined problem. notion copula characterize reconstructing bivariate marginals. elaborate copula

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49296041

10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.04.008)

International audienceA type example of Vulcanian eruptive dynamics is the series of 88 explosions that occurred between August and October 1997 at Soufrière Hills volcano on Montserrat Island. These explosions are interpreted to be caused by the pressurization of a conduit by a shallow highly crystalline and degassed magma plug. We test such an interpretation by combining the pressures and porosities of the pre-explosive magma column proposed by Burgisser et al. (2010, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.04.008) into a physical model that reconstructs a depth-referenced density profile of the column for four mechanisms of pressure buildup. Each mechanism yields a different overpressure profile: 1) gas accumulation, 2) conduit wall elasticity, 3) microlite crystallization, and 4) magma flowage. For the first three mechanisms, the three-part vertical layering of the conduit prior to explosion was spatially distributed as a dense cap atop the conduit with a thickness of a few tens of meters, a transition zone of 400–700 m with heterogeneous vesicularities, and, at greater depth, a more homogeneous, low-porosity zone that brings the total column length to ~ 3.5 km. A shorter column can be obtained with mechanism 4: a dense cap of less than a few meters, a heterogeneous zone of 200–500 m, and a total column length as low as 2.5 km. Inflation/deflation cycles linked to a periodic overpressure source offer a dataset that we use to constrain the four overpressure mechanisms. Magma flowage is sufficient to cause periodic edifice deformation through semi-rigid conduit walls and build overpressures able to trigger explosions. Gas accumulation below a shallow plug is also able to build such overpressures and can occur regardless of magma flowage. The concurrence of these three mechanisms offers the highest likelihood of building overpressures leading to the 1997 explosion series. We also explore the consequences of sudden (eruptive) overpressure release on our magmatic columns to assess the role of syn-explosive vesiculation and pre-fragmentation column expansion. We find that large shallow overpressures and efficient syn-explosive vesiculation cause the most dramatic pre-fragmentation expansion. This leads us to depict two end-member pictures of a Vulcanian explosion. The first case corresponds to the widely accepted view that the downward motion of a fragmentation front controls column evacuation. In the second case, syn-explosive column expansion just after overpressure release brings foamed-up magma up towards an essentially stationary and shallow fragmentation front

Pre-explosive conduit conditions of the 1997 Vulcanian explosions at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat: II. Overpressure and depth distributions

pre-explosive conduit conditions of the 1997 vulcanian explosions at soufrière hills volcano, montserrat: ii. overpressure and depth distributions

audiencea vulcanian eruptive explosions occurred august october soufrière hills volcano montserrat island. explosions interpreted pressurization conduit shallow crystalline degassed magma plug. combining pressures porosities explosive magma burgisser j.jvolgeores. reconstructs referenced buildup. overpressure accumulation conduit elasticity microlite crystallization magma flowage. layering conduit explosion spatially dense atop conduit tens meters heterogeneous vesicularities homogeneous porosity brings shorter dense meters heterogeneous inflation deflation cycles overpressure offer dataset constrain overpressure mechanisms. magma flowage edifice deformation rigid conduit walls build overpressures trigger explosions. accumulation shallow plug build overpressures regardless magma flowage. concurrence offers likelihood overpressures explosion series. explore consequences sudden eruptive overpressure magmatic columns explosive vesiculation fragmentation expansion. shallow overpressures explosive vesiculation dramatic fragmentation expansion. depict member pictures vulcanian explosion. widely downward fragmentation front evacuation. explosive overpressure brings foamed magma essentially stationary shallow fragmentation front

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51217890

10.1007/978-3-642-01399-7_33

International audienceThe performance of ad hoc networks based on IEEE 802.11 DCF degrade when congestion increases. The issues concern efficiency and fairness. Many solutions can be found at the MAC layer in the literature, but very few solutions improve fairness and efficiency at the same time. In this paper, we design a new backoff solution, called SBA. SBA uses only local information and two contention window sizes. By simulations, we compare SBA with IEEE 802.11 and several alternatives to 802.11 in ad hoc networks. We show that SBA achieves a good trade-off between fairness, simplicity and efficiency

SBA: A Simple Backoff Algorithm for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

sba: a simple backoff algorithm for wireless ad hoc networks

audiencethe degrade congestion increases. concern fairness. fairness time. backoff sba. contention window sizes. alternatives networks. achieves trade fairness simplicity

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51232871

10.1016/j.crme.2010.07.016

International audienceThis article is concerned with establishing the topological sensitivity (TS) against the nucleation of small trial inclusions of an energy-like cost function. The latter measures the discrepancy between two time-harmonic elastodynamic states (respectively defined, for cases where overdetermined boundary data is available for identification purposes, in terms of Dirichlet or Neumann boundary data for the same reference solid) as the strain energy of their difference. Such cost function constitutes a particular form of error in constitutive relation and may be used for e.g. defect identification. The TS is expressed in terms of four elastodynamic fields, namely the free and adjoint solutions for Dirichlet or Neumann data. A similar result is also given for the linear acoustic scalar case. A synthetic numerical example where the TS result is used for the qualitative identification of an inclusion is presented for a simple 2D acoustic configuration

Topological sensitivity of energy cost functional for wave-based defect identication

topological sensitivity of energy cost functional for wave-based defect identication

audiencethis concerned establishing topological nucleation inclusions function. discrepancy harmonic elastodynamic overdetermined purposes dirichlet neumann difference. constitutes constitutive e.g. defect identification. elastodynamic adjoint dirichlet neumann data. acoustic case. synthetic qualitative inclusion acoustic

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51445149

10.1057/ces.2000.25

International audienceThis paper describes the multisectoral macroeconomic model of a small developing economy in transition, in order to highlight linkages between agriculture and the rest of the economy, and consequences of external opening up. Agriculture is a supply sector, sticky in the short range with market clearing by price adjustment. The non agricultural sector is demand-led, with imperfect competition (and hence sticky prices and indexed nominal wages). According to this dual theoretical pattern, labor market is segmented with an unlimited supply in the rural area. This part of labor force is employed in the agricultural sector and in the rural non agricultural one. Urban workers are employed in the non agricultural sector but may face unemployment. The wage gap between urban and rural<br />areas induces migration, according to a Harris Todaro mechanism. This framework is applied to the Vietnam case. A calibrated quantitative model performs a base line simulation from 1993 to 2010, following approximately the path designed by the Vietnamese government. Finally, this model is used to sketch various scenarios, among which traditional macroeconomic packages, structural reforms, and external shocks

Modelling Transition And International Opening In Asia: The Case Of Vietnam With A Comparison With China And The "Asian Tigers"

modelling transition and international opening in asia: the case of vietnam with a comparison with china and the "asian tigers"

audiencethis describes multisectoral macroeconomic economy highlight linkages agriculture economy consequences opening agriculture supply sticky clearing adjustment. agricultural imperfect competition sticky prices indexed nominal wages labor segmented unlimited supply rural area. labor agricultural rural agricultural one. workers agricultural unemployment. wage rural induces migration harris todaro mechanism. vietnam case. calibrated performs vietnamese government. sketch scenarios traditional macroeconomic packages reforms shocks

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51934467

10.1090/S1056-3911-2012-00574-8

International audienceWe prove that a holomorphic line bundle on a projective manifold is pseudo-effective if and only if its degree on any member of a covering family of curves is non-negative. This is a consequence of a duality statement between the cone of pseudo-effective divisors and the cone of " movable curves " , which is obtained from a general theory of movable intersections and approximate Zariski decomposition for closed positive (1, 1)-currents. As a corollary, a projective manifold has a pseudo-effective canonical bundle if and only if it is not uniruled. We also prove that a 4-fold with a canonical bundle which is pseudo-effective and of numerical class zero in restriction to curves of a good covering family, has non-negative Kodaira dimension

The pseudo-effective cone of a compact Kähler manifold and varieties of negative Kodaira dimension

the pseudo-effective cone of a compact kähler manifold and varieties of negative kodaira dimension

audiencewe holomorphic bundle projective manifold pseudo member covering negative. duality statement cone pseudo divisors cone movable movable intersections approximate zariski decomposition currents. corollary projective manifold pseudo canonical bundle uniruled. canonical bundle pseudo restriction covering kodaira

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51946197

10.1074/jbc.M209689200

International audienceActVB is the NADH:flavin oxidoreductase participating in the last step of actinorhodin synthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor. It is the prototype of a whole class of flavin reductases with both sequence and functional similarities. The mechanism of reduction of free flavins by ActVB has been studied. Although ActVB was isolated with FMN bound, we have demonstrated that it is not a flavoprotein. Instead, ActVB contains only one flavin binding site, suitable for the flavin reductase activity and with a high affinity for FMN. In addition, ActVB proceeds by an ordered sequential mechanism, where NADH is the first substrate. Whereas ActVB is highly specific for NADH, it is able to catalyze the reduction of a great variety of natural and synthetic flavins, but with K(m) values ranging from 1 microm (FMN) to 69 microm (lumiflavin). We show that both the ribitol-phosphate chain and the isoalloxazine ring contribute to the protein-flavin interaction. Such properties are unique and set the ActVB family apart from the well characterized Fre flavin reductase family

Mechanism and substrate specificity of the flavin reductase ActVB from Streptomyces coelicolor.

mechanism and substrate specificity of the flavin reductase actvb from streptomyces coelicolor.

audienceactvb nadh flavin oxidoreductase participating actinorhodin streptomyces coelicolor. prototype flavin reductases similarities. flavins actvb studied. actvb flavoprotein. actvb flavin flavin reductase affinity fmn. actvb proceeds ordered sequential nadh substrate. actvb nadh catalyze great synthetic flavins ranging microm microm lumiflavin ribitol phosphate isoalloxazine flavin interaction. actvb apart flavin reductase

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51947660

10.1063/1.4892414

International audienceWe show how to effectively introduce a proper description of the velocity-changing collisions into the model of isolated molecular transition for the case of self- and Ar-perturbed H2.We demonstrate that the billiard-ball (BB) approximation of the H2-H2 and H2-Ar potentials gives an accurate description of the velocity-changing collisions. The BB model results are compared with ab initio classical molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that the BB model correctly reproduces not only the principal properties such as frequencies of velocity-changing collisions or collision kernels, but also other characteristics of H2-H2 and H2-Ar gas kinetics like rate of speed-changing collisions. Finally, we present line-shape measurement of the Q(1) line of the first overtone band of self-perturbed H2. We quantify the systematic errors of line-shape analysis caused by the use of oversimplified description of velocity-changing collisions. These conclusions will have significant impact on recent rapidly developing ultra-accurate metrology based on Doppler-limited spectroscopic measurements such as Doppler-width thermometry, atmosphere monitoring, Boltzmann constant determination, or transition position and intensity determination for fundamental studies

Velocity-changing collisions in pure H2 and H2-Ar mixture

velocity-changing collisions in pure h2 and h2-ar mixture

audiencewe effectively proper changing collisions perturbed billiard ball potentials changing collisions. initio simulations. correctly reproduces principal changing collisions collision kernels kinetics changing collisions. overtone perturbed quantify oversimplified changing collisions. rapidly ultra metrology doppler spectroscopic doppler thermometry atmosphere boltzmann

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52199113

10.1016/j.pain.2007.08.020

International audienceGlutamate plays a key role in modulation of nociceptive processing. This excitatory amino acid exerts its action through two distinct types of receptors, ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Eight mGluRs have been identified and divided in three groups based on their sequence similarity, pharmacology and G-protein coupling. While the role of group I and II mGluRs is now well established, little is known about the part played by group III mGluRs in pain. In this work, we studied comparatively the involvement of spinal group III mGluR in modulation of acute, inflammatory and neuropathic pain. While intrathecal injection of ACPT-I, a selective group III mGluR agonist, failed to induce any change in vocalization thresholds of healthy animals submitted to mechanical or thermal stimuli, it dose-dependently inhibited the nociceptive behavior of rats submitted to the formalin test and the mechanical hyperalgesia associated with different animal models of inflammatory (carrageenan-treated and monoarthritic rats) or neuropathic pain (mononeuropathic and vincristine-treated rats). Similar effects were also observed following intrathecal injection of PHCCC, a positive allosteric modulator of mGlu4. Antihyperalgesia induced by ACPT-I was blocked either by LY341495, a nonselective antagonist of mGluR, by MAP4, a selective group III antagonist. This study provide new evidences supporting the role of spinal group III mGluRs in the modulation of pain perception in different pathological pain states of various etiologies but not in normal conditions. It more particularly highlights the specific involvement of mGlu4 in this process and may be a useful therapeutic approach to chronic pain treatment

Group III metabotropic glutamate receptors inhibit hyperalgesia in animal models of inflammation and neuropathic pain

group iii metabotropic glutamate receptors inhibit hyperalgesia in animal models of inflammation and neuropathic pain

audienceglutamate plays modulation nociceptive processing. excitatory exerts receptors ionotropic metabotropic glutamate receptors mglurs eight mglurs divided similarity pharmacology coupling. mglurs played mglurs pain. comparatively involvement spinal mglur modulation inflammatory neuropathic pain. intrathecal injection acpt selective mglur agonist failed induce vocalization thresholds healthy submitted stimuli dependently inhibited nociceptive rats submitted formalin hyperalgesia inflammatory carrageenan monoarthritic rats neuropathic mononeuropathic vincristine rats intrathecal injection phccc allosteric modulator mglu antihyperalgesia acpt blocked nonselective antagonist mglur selective antagonist. evidences supporting spinal mglurs modulation perception pathological etiologies conditions. highlights involvement mglu therapeutic

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52435202

10.1016/j.jfa.2016.07.005

In numerical analysis it is often necessary to estimate the condition number $CN(T)=\left|\!\left|T\right|\!\right|_{} \cdot\left|\!\left|T^{-1}\right|\!\right|_{}$ and the norm of the resolvent $\left|\!\left|(\zeta-T)^{-1}\right|\!\right|_{}$ of a given $n\times n$ matrix $T$. We derive new spectral estimates for these quantities and compute explicit matrices that achieve our bounds. We recover the well-known fact that the supremum of $CN(T)$ over all matrices with $\left|\!\left|T\right|\!\right|_{} \leq1$ and minimal absolute eigenvalue $r=\min_{i=1,...,n}\left|\lambda_{i}\right|>0$ is the Kronecker bound $\frac{1}{r^{n}}$. This result is subsequently generalized by computing the corresponding supremum of $\left|\!\left|(\zeta-T)^{-1}\right|\!\right|_{}$ for any $\left|\zeta\right| \leq1$. We find that the supremum is attained by a triangular Toeplitz matrix. This provides a simple class of structured matrices on which condition numbers and resolvent norm bounds can be studied numerically. The occuring Toeplitz matrices are so-called model matrices, i.e.~matrix representations of the compressed backward shift operator on the Hardy space $H_2$ to a finite-dimensional invariant subspace

Maximum of the resolvent over matrices with given spectrum

maximum of the resolvent over matrices with given spectrum

cdot norm resolvent zeta derive quantities bounds. recover supremum eigenvalue lambda kronecker frac subsequently supremum zeta zeta supremum attained triangular toeplitz matrix. structured resolvent norm bounds numerically. occuring toeplitz i.e. representations compressed backward hardy subspace

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52450852

10.1016/j.pepi.2009.07.005

International audienceIn this paper, we combine theoretical and experimental approaches to study the tidal instability in planetary liquid cores and stars. We demonstrate that numerous complex modes can be excited depending on the relative values of the orbital angular velocity Ω and of the spinning angular velocity Ω, except in a stable range characterized by Ω=Ω ɛ 2 [−1; 1/3]. Even if the tidal deformation is small, its subsequent instability - coming from a resonance process - may induce motions with large amplitude, which play a fundamental role at the planetary scale. This general conclusion is illustrated in the case of Jupiter's moon Io by a coupled model of synchronization, demonstrating the importance of energy dissipation by elliptical instability

Tidal instability in stellar and planetary binary systems

tidal instability in stellar and planetary binary systems

audiencein combine tidal instability planetary cores stars. numerous excited orbital spinning tidal deformation instability coming induce motions planetary scale. illustrated jupiter moon synchronization demonstrating dissipation elliptical instability

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52453460

10.1016/S0956-5663(03)00191-X

International audienceThe chromate reductase activity of cytochrome c3 (Cyt c3, Mr 13 000), isolated from the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfomicrobium norvegicum, was used to develop an amperometric biosensor to measure chromate (CrO42−) bioavailability. The performance of various biosensor configurations for qualitative and quantitative determination of Cr(VI) was studied. Biosensor properties depend on the technique used to immobilize the enzyme on the electrode (glassy carbon electrode). Immobilization of Cyt c3 by entrapment in poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene films denatured the enzyme, while application of an adsorption technique did not affect enzyme activity but the detection range was limited. The best results were obtained with dialysis membranes, which allowed the determination of Cr(VI) from 0.20 to 6.84 mg l−1 (3.85–132 μM) with a sensitivity of 35 nA mg−1 l (1.82 nA μM−1). No interference was observed with As(V), As(III) and Fe(III). Only a small amount of Cyt c3 (372 ng of protein) was needed for this biosensor

Amperometric cytochrome c3-based biosensor for chromate determination

amperometric cytochrome c3-based biosensor for chromate determination

audiencethe chromate reductase cytochrome sulfate reducing bacterium desulfomicrobium norvegicum amperometric biosensor chromate bioavailability. biosensor configurations qualitative studied. biosensor immobilize enzyme electrode glassy electrode immobilization entrapment poly ethylenedioxythiophene films denatured enzyme adsorption enzyme limited. dialysis membranes interference biosensor

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52625433

10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.12.014

International audienceThe mosquito, Anopheles coluzzii is a major vector of human malaria in Africa with widespread distribution throughout the continent. The species hence populates a wide range of environments in contrasted ecological settings often exposed to strong seasonal fluctuations. In the dry savannahs of West Africa, this mosquito population dynamics closely follows the pace of surface water availability: the species pullulates during the rainy season and is able to reproduce throughout the dry season in areas where permanent water bodies are available for breeding. The impact of such environmental fluctuation on mosquito development and the phenotypic quality of emerging adults has however not been addressed in details. Here, we examined and compared phenotypic changes in the duration of pre-imaginal development, body dry mass at emergence and wing size, shape and surface area in young adult females An.coluzzii originated from five distinct geographic locations when they are reared in two contrasting conditions mimicking those experienced by mosquitoes during the rainy season (RS) and at the onset of the dry season (ODS) in Burkina Faso (West Africa). Our results demonstrated strong phenotypic plasticity in all traits, with differences in the magnitude and direction of changes between RS and ODS depending upon the geographic origin, hence the genetic background of the mosquito populations. Highest heterogeneity within population was observed in Bama, where large irrigation schemes allow year-round mosquito breeding. Further studies are needed to explore the adaptive value of such phenotypic plasticity and its relevance for local adaptation in An. coluzzii

Seasonal variation in wing size and shape between geographic populations of the malaria vector, Anopheles coluzzii in Burkina Faso (West Africa)

seasonal variation in wing size and shape between geographic populations of the malaria vector, anopheles coluzzii in burkina faso (west africa)

audiencethe mosquito anopheles coluzzii malaria africa widespread continent. populates environments contrasted ecological settings exposed seasonal fluctuations. savannahs west africa mosquito closely pace availability pullulates rainy season reproduce season permanent bodies breeding. fluctuation mosquito phenotypic emerging adults addressed details. phenotypic imaginal emergence wing females an.coluzzii originated geographic locations reared contrasting mimicking experienced mosquitoes rainy season onset season burkina faso west africa phenotypic plasticity traits geographic mosquito populations. heterogeneity bama irrigation schemes round mosquito breeding. explore adaptive phenotypic plasticity relevance adaptation coluzzii

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52631738

10.1007/s10980-009-9400-6

International audienceWe need an integrated assessment of the bioenergy production at landscape scale for at least three main reasons: (1) it is predictable that we will soon have landscapes dedicated to bioenergy productions; (2) a number of "win-win" solutions combining several dedicated energy crops have been suggested for a better use of local climate, soil mosaic and production systems and (3) "well-to-wheels" analyses for the entire bioenergy production chain urge us to optimize the life cycle of bioenergies at large scales. In this context, we argue that the new generation of landscape models allows in silico experiments to estimate bioenergy distributions (in space and time) that are helpful for this integrated assessment of the bioenergy production. The main objective of this paper was to develop a detailed modeling methodology for this purpose. We aimed at illustrating and discussing the use of mechanistic models and their possible association to simulate future distributions of fuel biomass. We applied two separated landscape models dedicated to human-driven agricultural and climate-driven forested neighboring patches. These models were combined in the same theoretical (i.e. virtual) landscape for present as well as future scenarios by associating realistic agricultural production scenarios and B2-IPCC climate scenarios depending on the bioenergy type (crop or forest) concerned in each landscape patch. We then estimated esthetical impacts of our simulations by using 3D visualizations and a quantitative "depth" index to rank them. Results first showed that the transport cost at landscape scale was not correlated to the total biomass production, mainly due to landscape configuration constraints. Secondly, averaged index values of the four simulations were conditioned by agricultural practices, while temporal trends were conditioned by gradual climate changes. Thirdly, the most realistic simulated landscape combining intensive agricultural practices and climate change with atmospheric CO2 concentration increase corresponded to the lowest and unwanted bioenergy conversion inefficiency (the biomass production ratio over 100 years divided by the averaged transport cost) and to the most open landscape. Managing land use and land cover changes at landscape scale is probably one of the most powerful ways to mitigate negative (or magnify positive) effects of climate and human decisions on overall biomass productions

Combining process-based models for future biomass assessment at landscape scale

combining process-based models for future biomass assessment at landscape scale

audiencewe bioenergy landscape reasons predictable soon landscapes dedicated bioenergy productions combining dedicated crops mosaic wheels bioenergy urge optimize bioenergies scales. argue landscape silico bioenergy helpful bioenergy production. methodology purpose. aimed illustrating discussing mechanistic simulate fuel biomass. separated landscape dedicated agricultural forested neighboring patches. i.e. virtual landscape scenarios associating realistic agricultural scenarios ipcc scenarios bioenergy crop forest concerned landscape patch. esthetical impacts visualizations them. landscape biomass landscape constraints. secondly averaged conditioned agricultural practices conditioned gradual changes. thirdly realistic landscape combining intensive agricultural practices corresponded unwanted bioenergy conversion inefficiency biomass divided averaged landscape. managing cover landscape probably powerful ways mitigate magnify decisions biomass productions

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52631939

10.1007/s10980-009-9362-8

International audienceLand cover and land use changes can have a wide variety of ecological effects, including significant impacts on soils and water quality. In rural areas, even subtle changes in farming practices can affect landscape features and functions, and consequently the environment. Fine-scale analyses have to be performed to better understand the land cover change processes. At the same time, models of land cover change have to be developed in order to anticipate where changes are more likely to occur next. Such predictive information is essential to propose and implement sustainable and efficient environmental policies. Future landscape studies can provide a framework to forecast how land use and land cover changes is likely to react differently to subtle changes. This paper proposes a four step framework to forecast landscape futures at fine scales by coupling scenarios and landscape modelling approaches. This methodology has been tested on two contrasting agricultural landscapes located in the United States and France, to identify possible landscape changes based on forecasting and backcasting agriculture intensification scenarios. Both examples demonstrate that relatively subtle land cover and land use changes can have a large impact on future landscapes. Results highlight how such subtle changes have to be considered in term of quantity, location, and frequency of land use and land cover to appropriately assess environmental impacts on water pollution (France) and soil erosion (US). The results highlight opportunities for improvements in landscape modelling

Exploring subtle land use and land cover changes: a framework for future landscape studies

exploring subtle land use and land cover changes: a framework for future landscape studies

audienceland cover ecological impacts soils quality. rural subtle farming practices landscape environment. fine cover processes. cover anticipate next. predictive propose implement sustainable policies. landscape forecast cover react differently subtle changes. proposes forecast landscape futures fine scenarios landscape approaches. methodology contrasting agricultural landscapes landscape forecasting backcasting agriculture intensification scenarios. subtle cover landscapes. highlight subtle quantity cover appropriately impacts pollution erosion highlight opportunities improvements landscape

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52659900

10.1088/0004-637X/771/2/103

International audienceWe examine accretion disk flow under combined radial and vertical stratification utilizing a local Cartesian (or "shearing box") approximation. We investigate both axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric disturbances with the Boussinesq approximation. Under axisymmetric disturbances, a new dispersion relation is derived. It reduces to the Solberg-Hoïland criterion in the case without vertical stratification. It shows that, asymptotically, stable radial and vertical stratification cannot induce any linear instability; Keplerian flow is accordingly stable. Previous investigations strongly suggest that the so-called bypass concept of turbulence (i.e., that fine-tuned disturbances of any inviscid smooth shear flow can reach arbitrarily large transient growth) can also be applied to Keplerian disks. We present an analysis of this process for three-dimensional plane-wave disturbances comoving with the shear flow of a general rotating shear flow under combined stable radial and vertical rotation. We demonstrate that large transient growth occurs for K 2/k 1 Gt 1 and k 3 = 0 or k 1 ~ k 3, where k 1, K 2, and k 3 are the azimuthal, radial, and vertical components of the initial wave vector, respectively. By using a generalized "wave-vortex" decomposition of the disturbance, we show that the large transient energy growth in a Keplerian disk is mainly generated by the transient dynamics of the vortex mode. The analysis of the power spectrum of total (kinetic+potential) energy in the azimuthal or vertical directions shows that the contribution coming from the vortex mode is dominant at large scales, while the contribution coming from the wave mode is important at small scales. These findings may be confirmed by appropriate numerical simulations in the high Reynolds number regime

Wave-Vortex mode coupling in astrophysical accretion disks under combined radial and vertical stratification

wave-vortex mode coupling in astrophysical accretion disks under combined radial and vertical stratification

audiencewe examine accretion stratification utilizing cartesian shearing approximation. axisymmetric nonaxisymmetric disturbances boussinesq approximation. axisymmetric disturbances derived. reduces solberg hoïland criterion stratification. asymptotically stratification induce instability keplerian accordingly stable. investigations bypass turbulence i.e. fine tuned disturbances inviscid arbitrarily transient keplerian disks. disturbances comoving rotating rotation. transient azimuthal respectively. vortex decomposition disturbance transient keplerian transient vortex mode. azimuthal directions coming vortex coming scales. confirmed reynolds

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52659981

10.1016/j.eap.2015.11.006

International audienceDemand response is a cornerstone problem in electricity markets under climate change constraints. Most liberalized electricity markets have a poor track record at encouraging the deployment of smart meters and the development of demand response. In Europe, different models are considered for demand response, from a development under a regulated regime to a development under competitive perspectives. In this paper focusing on demand response and smart metering for mid-­‐size and small consumers, we investigate which types of market signals should be sent to demand managers to see demand response emerge as a competitive activity. Using data from the French power system over nine years , we compare the possible market design options which would enable the development of demand response. Our simulations demonstrate that under the current market rules demand response is not a profitable activity in the French electricity industry. Introducing a capacity market could bring additional revenues to demand response providers and improve incentives to put in place demand response programs in a market environment

Which electricity market design to encourage the development of demand response?

which electricity market design to encourage the development of demand response?

audiencedemand cornerstone electricity markets constraints. liberalized electricity markets track record encouraging deployment smart meters response. europe regulated competitive perspectives. focusing smart metering ­‐size consumers sent managers emerge competitive activity. french nine options enable response. profitable french electricity industry. introducing bring revenues providers incentives programs

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52700460

10.1016/j.schres.2006.08.025

International audiencePrevious studies analyzing semantic priming in schizophrenic patients have reported conflicting results. In the present study, we explored semantic priming in a sample of schizophrenic patients with mild thought disorders. We wondered if distinct cognitive processes, such as facilitation and/or inhibition, underlie semantic hyperpriming and are variously impaired in schizophrenic patients. Using a lexical decision task, we evaluated semantic priming in 15 schizophrenic patients (DSM-IV) with mild thought disorders and 15 healthy controls matched for sex, age, and education level. The task was designed to divide semantic priming into two additive components, namely facilitation effect and inhibition effect. One-sample t-tests were performed to investigate differences in semantic priming, facilitation, and inhibition within each group. ANOVAs were performed to compare the effects of semantic priming, facilitation, and inhibition between groups. Patients displayed greater semantic priming than controls (i.e., hyperpriming), but this was not due to increased facilitation in processing semantically related pairs. On the contrary, hyperpriming was the result of prolonged response time to process semantically unrelated pairs, corresponding to a requirement to inhibit unrelated information. We demonstrated semantic hyperpriming in stabilized schizophrenic patients with mild severity of symptoms. Thus, semantic hyperpriming may be an intrinsic feature of schizophrenia that is not related to the clinical state of patients. Semantic hyperpriming was due to an inhibition effect involved in processing semantically unrelated information not to increased facilitatory effect for related pairs

Semantic hyperpriming in schizophrenic patients: increased facilitation or impaired inhibition in semantic association processing?

semantic hyperpriming in schizophrenic patients: increased facilitation or impaired inhibition in semantic association processing?

audienceprevious analyzing semantic priming schizophrenic conflicting results. explored semantic priming schizophrenic mild thought disorders. wondered facilitation underlie semantic hyperpriming variously impaired schizophrenic patients. lexical semantic priming schizophrenic mild thought disorders healthy matched level. divide semantic priming additive facilitation effect. semantic priming facilitation group. anovas semantic priming facilitation groups. displayed semantic priming i.e. hyperpriming facilitation semantically pairs. contrary hyperpriming prolonged semantically unrelated requirement inhibit unrelated information. semantic hyperpriming stabilized schizophrenic mild severity symptoms. semantic hyperpriming intrinsic schizophrenia patients. semantic hyperpriming semantically unrelated facilitatory

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52711121

10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00166.x

International audienceSUMMAR Y The Dead Sea fault zone is a major left-lateral strike-slip fault. South of the Dead Sea basin, the Wadi Araba fault extends over 160 km to the Gulf of Aqaba. The Dead Sea fault zone is known to have produced several relatively large historical earthquakes. However, the historical events are unequally distributed along the fault and only four events have been reported in the Araba valley over the last few thousands of years. Magnitudes estimated from the historical record are probably slightly smaller than that of the Mw ~ 7.3 earthquake that struck the Gulf of Aqaba in 1995. The fault cuts straight across Pleistocene to Holocene alluvium and shows morphologic evidence for essentially pure strike-slip motion. Regional seismic monitoring reveals little micro-seismicity along the fault except around the Dead Sea and Gulf of Aqaba, where the fault splays into complex pull-apart basin fault systems. We have investigated the fault zone at several sites selected from SPOT images and the study of aerial photography. At the site of the now destroyed Tilah Castle, a well-preserved wall, dated to be about 1200 yr BP (14C age on charcoal), is cut by the fault and offset by 2.2 m. Comparison with offset gullies at a nearby site 3 km to the north and at three other sites, respectively 25, 50 and 65 km to the south, reveals that this specific fault displacement is probably related to the last seismic event that ruptured that fault segment, possibly in AD 1458.Moreover, the offset gullies suggest a characteristic slip behaviour with recurring slip of about 1.5 m on average. Given the 4 ± 2 mm yr−1 slip rate derived for this fault segment, we infer that the fault should produce Mw 7 earthquakes along some segment in the Araba valley about every 200 years. The historical period, with only four well-documented large earthquakes in AD 1068, AD 1212, AD 1293 and AD 1458, thus appears to have been relatively quiescent, with a 20 per cent deficit of Mw 7 earthquakes. However, our data do not exclude the possibility of larger Mw 7.6 earthquakes or time clustering of earthquakes over longer timespans. An alternative seismic behaviour involves Mw 7.6 earthquakes about every 6000 years and Mw 7 earthquakes about every 250 years. The historical catalogue would then appear to be complete for Mw ~ 7 earthquakes

Seismic behaviour of the Dead Sea fault along Araba valley, Jordan

seismic behaviour of the dead sea fault along araba valley, jordan

audiencesummar dead fault lateral strike slip fault. dead basin wadi araba fault extends gulf aqaba. dead fault historical earthquakes. historical unequally fault araba valley thousands years. magnitudes historical record probably earthquake struck gulf aqaba fault cuts straight pleistocene holocene alluvium morphologic essentially strike slip motion. seismic reveals micro seismicity fault dead gulf aqaba fault splays pull apart basin fault systems. fault spot aerial photography. destroyed tilah castle preserved dated charcoal fault offset offset gullies nearby reveals fault displacement probably seismic ruptured fault segment possibly .moreover offset gullies slip recurring slip average. slip fault segment infer fault earthquakes segment araba valley years. historical documented earthquakes quiescent cent deficit earthquakes. exclude earthquakes clustering earthquakes timespans. seismic involves earthquakes earthquakes years. historical catalogue earthquakes

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52718926

10.1007/s00285-013-0745-8

International audienceWe investigate several versions of a simple game of sexual selection, to explore the role of secondary sexual characters (the "handicap paradox") with the tools of signaling theory. Our models admit closed form solutions. They are very much inspired by Grafen's (J Theor Biol 144:517-546, 1990a; J Theor Biol 144:473-516, 1990b) seminal companion papers. By merging and simplifying his two approaches, we identify a not so minor artifact in the seminal study. We propose an alternative model to start with Grafen's sexual selection theory, with several similarities with Getty (Anim Behav 56:127-130, 1998)

Simple signaling games of sexual selection (Grafen’s revisited)

simple signaling games of sexual selection (grafen’s revisited)

audiencewe versions game sexual explore sexual characters handicap paradox theory. admit solutions. inspired grafen theor theor seminal companion papers. merging simplifying minor artifact seminal study. propose grafen sexual similarities getty anim behav

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52731753

10.1088/0264-9381/29/23/235027

13 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D, paper different from conference proceedings http://arxiv.org/abs/1105.5927International audienceIn this paper, we focus on the possibility to test General Relativity in the Solar System with radioscience measurements. To this aim, we present a new software that simulates Range and Doppler signals directly from the space-time metric. This flexible approach allows one to perform simulations in General Relativity and in alternative metric theories of gravity. In a second step, a least-squares fit of the different initial conditions involved in the situation is performed in order to compare anomalous signals produced by a given alternative theory with the ones obtained in General Relativity. This software provides orders of magnitude and signatures stemming from hypothetical alternative theories of gravity on radioscience signals. As an application, we present some simulations done for the Cassini mission in Post-Einsteinian Gravity and in the context of MOND External Field Effect. We deduce constraints on the Post-Einsteinian parameters but find that the considered arc of the Cassini mission is not useful to constrain the MOND External Field Effect

Radioscience simulations in General Relativity and in alternative theories of gravity

radioscience simulations in general relativity and in alternative theories of gravity

pages submitted phys. rev. audiencein relativity radioscience measurements. simulates doppler metric. flexible relativity gravity. squares anomalous relativity. orders signatures stemming hypothetical radioscience signals. cassini mission einsteinian mond effect. deduce einsteinian cassini mission constrain mond

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52741335

10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.10.006

International audienceIn order to investigate the role of clay minerals in organic matter preservation, the fixation of pure organic compounds on two synthetic low- and high-charge saponites was investigated in laboratory experiments simulating marine water conditions. The clays were exposed to four carboxylic acids: pentadecanoic, docosanoic, 5β-cholanic acid and ursolic, dissolved in treated natural sea water. Characterization of the resulting organo-clay association indicates that, under marine water column conditions, the organic fixation is only a sorption process, no intercalation being observed. The surface coverage, similar for the two clays (ca. 0.04 mg organic carbon m-2), demonstrates that the sorption is controlled by the surface properties of clays rather than their cation exchange capacity. The weaker sorption of docosanoic acid underlines the major role of the molecular properties, but the lack of selectivity among the three others does not corroborate the influence of molecular size on the sorption process. The general failure of a chemolysis treatment performed on the organo-clay associations demonstrates the high stability of these complexes. Results suggest that the bonding mechanisms are dominated by ligand exchange and not by hydrophobic effects, cation bridges or cation exchange. The minor extractible organic fraction consists of acid molecules connected to clay surfaces by van der Waals interactions. The high stability of the bonds formed in this environment, close to those observed from previous studies of marine sediments, could explain in part the organic matter preservation during transfer across marine water columns, especially metabolisable materials

Carboxylic acid sorption on synthetic clays in marine water: in vitro experiments and implications for organo-clay behaviour under marine conditions

carboxylic acid sorption on synthetic clays in marine water: in vitro experiments and implications for organo-clay behaviour under marine conditions

audiencein clay minerals preservation fixation synthetic saponites simulating marine conditions. clays exposed carboxylic pentadecanoic docosanoic cholanic ursolic dissolved water. organo clay marine fixation sorption intercalation observed. coverage clays demonstrates sorption clays cation capacity. weaker sorption docosanoic underlines selectivity corroborate sorption process. chemolysis organo clay associations demonstrates complexes. bonding dominated ligand hydrophobic cation bridges cation exchange. minor extractible clay waals interactions. bonds marine sediments preservation marine columns metabolisable

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52780441

10.1007/s12083-013-0203-9

International audienceIn a P2P storage system using erasure codes, a data block is en- coded in many redundancy fragments. These fragments are then sent to distinct peers of the network. In this work, we study the impact of different placement policies of these fragments on the performance of storage systems. Several practical factors (easier control, software reuse, latency) tend to favor data placement strategies that preserve some degree of locality. We compare three policies: two of them are local, in which the data are stored in logical neighbors, and the other one, global, in which the data are spread randomly in the whole sys- tem. We focus on the study of the probability to lose a data block and the bandwidth consumption to maintain such redundancy. We use simulations to show that, without resource constraints, the aver- age values are the same no matter which placement policy is used. However, the variations in the use of bandwidth are much more bursty under the local policies. When the bandwidth is limited, these bursty variations induce longer maintenance time and henceforth a higher risk of data loss. We then show that a suitable degree of locality could be introduced in order to combine the efficiency of the global policy with the practical advantages of a local placement. Additionally, we pro- pose a new external reconstruction strategy that greatly improves the performance of local placement strategies. Finally, we give analytical methods to estimate the mean time to the occurrence of data loss for the three policies

P2P Storage Systems: Study of Different Placement Policies

p2p storage systems: study of different placement policies

audiencein storage erasure codes coded redundancy fragments. fragments sent peers network. placement policies fragments storage systems. practical easier reuse latency tend favor placement preserve locality. policies stored logical neighbors spread randomly tem. lose bandwidth maintain redundancy. resource aver placement used. bandwidth bursty policies. bandwidth bursty induce maintenance henceforth loss. locality combine practical advantages placement. additionally pose reconstruction greatly improves placement strategies. occurrence policies

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52785532

10.1007/978-3-642-20671-9_40

International audienceWe present a new resolution strategy for multi-scale reaction waves based on adaptive time operator splitting and space adaptive multiresolution, in the context of localized and stiff reaction fronts. The main goal is to perform computationally efficient simulations of the dynamics of multi-scale phenomena under study, considering large simulation domains with conventional computing resources. We aim at time-space accuracy control of the solution and splitting time steps purely dictated by the physics of the phenomenon and not by stability constraints associated with mesh size or source time scales. Numerical illustrations are provided for 2D and 3D combustion applications modeled by reaction-convection-diffusion equations

Adaptive Time-Space Algorithms for the Simulation of Multi-scale Reaction Waves

adaptive time-space algorithms for the simulation of multi-scale reaction waves

audiencewe adaptive splitting adaptive multiresolution localized stiff fronts. goal computationally phenomena resources. splitting purely dictated phenomenon mesh scales. illustrations combustion modeled convection

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52786390

10.1016/S0167-2738(01)00766-4

International audienceTwo parameters were studied upon the thermoluminescence (TL) properties and the sintering behaviour of α-alumina: the atmosphere during the heat treatment used to transform γ-Al2O3 into α-Al2O3 and the doping by Zr and Th. It appears that a reducing atmosphere tends to delay the sintering compared with the oxidising atmosphere until 1600°C. Above this temperature, the shrinkage starts again, which is attributed to a change in the mechanism of sintering of α-Al2O3. The concentration of point defects created through charge compensation as the tetravalent dopant integrates into the host material increases until the solubility's limit of the dopant in alumina is reached. Above this concentration, the peaks on the TL glow curves stabilize, and the specific area of the powders stabilizes at its higher value. As a consequence, the final densities obtained for α-Al2O3:Th and α-Al2O3:Zr are the best when the solubility's limit of the dopant in alumina is reached

Thermoluminescence and sintering of high-purity α-alumina doped by Zr, Th and Ca

thermoluminescence and sintering of high-purity α-alumina doped by zr, th and ca

audiencetwo thermoluminescence sintering alumina atmosphere transform doping reducing atmosphere tends delay sintering oxidising atmosphere shrinkage starts attributed sintering defects created compensation tetravalent dopant integrates solubility dopant alumina reached. glow stabilize powders stabilizes value. densities solubility dopant alumina reached

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52790007

10.1016/j.margeo.2008.05.016

International audienceWe describe for the first time a set of large active thrusts and folds near the foot of the easternmost Algerian margin, Western Mediterranean, from swath bathymetry and high-resolution seismic data acquired in 2005 during the Maradja2/Samra cruise. This active system resumes a previous passive margin and creates growth strata deposition on the limbs of large folds, resulting in the development of perched basins at the foot of the margin since less than ~ 1 Ma. They form a set of overlapping fault segments verging toward the Algerian basin, in a way similar to what has been observed off eastern Algiers on the rupture zone of the 2003 Mw 6.8 Boumerdes earthquake. The horizontal shortening rate across large folds is estimated to be of the order of 1 mm/yr. Although no historical earthquakes are reported here, these fault segments could have been responsible for large (M ~ 7.5) events in the past. This young tectonic system further supports the hypothesis of subduction inception of the Neogene oceanic lithosphere in the context of the Africa–Eurasia convergence

Recent and active deformation pattern off the easternmost Algerian margin, Western Mediterranean Sea: New evidence for contractional tectonic reactivation

recent and active deformation pattern off the easternmost algerian margin, western mediterranean sea: new evidence for contractional tectonic reactivation

audiencewe thrusts folds foot easternmost algerian margin mediterranean swath bathymetry seismic acquired maradja samra cruise. resumes passive margin creates strata deposition limbs folds perched basins foot margin overlapping fault segments verging toward algerian basin eastern algiers rupture boumerdes earthquake. shortening folds historical earthquakes fault segments past. tectonic supports subduction inception neogene oceanic lithosphere africa–eurasia

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52804297

10.1007/s11265-009-0397-5

International audienceThe MPEG Reconfigurable Video Coding working group is developing a new library-based process for building the reference codecs of future MPEG standards, which is based on dataflow and uses an actor language called Cal. The paper presents a code generator producing RTL targeting FPGAs for Cal, outlines its structure, and demonstrates its performance on an MPEG-4 Simple Profile decoder. The resulting implementation is smaller and faster than a comparable RTL reference design, and the second half of the paper discusses some of the reasons for this counter-intuitive result

Synthesizing Hardware from Dataflow Programs

synthesizing hardware from dataflow programs

audiencethe mpeg reconfigurable video coding library codecs mpeg standards dataflow actor cal. presents generator producing targeting fpgas outlines demonstrates mpeg decoder. faster comparable discusses reasons counter intuitive

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52860171

10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.05.036

International audienceThis paper investigates post-dam geomorphic and vegetation changes in the Sauce Grande River, a meandering dryland river impounded by a large water-conservation dam. As the dam impounds a river section with scarce influence of tributaries , sources for fresh water and sediment downstream are limited. Changes were inspected based on (i) analysis of historical photographs/imagery spanning pre-(1961) and post-dam (1981, 2004) channel conditions for two river segments located above and below the dam, and (ii) field survey of present channel conditions for a set of eight reference reaches along the river segments. Whilst the unregulated river exhibited active lateral migration with consequent adjustments of the channel shape and size, the river section below the dam was characterized by (i) marked planform stability (93 to 97%), and by (ii) vegetation encroachment leading to alternating yet localized contraction of the channel width (up to 30%). The present river displays a moribund, stable channel where (i) redistribution of sediment along the river course no longer occurs and (ii) channel forms constitute a remnant of a fluvial environment created before closing the dam, under conditions of higher energy. In addition to providing new information on the complex geomorphic response of dry-land rivers to impoundment, this paper represents the very first geomorphic assessment of the regulated Sauce Grande and therefore provides an important platform to underpin further research assessing the geomorphic state of this highly regulated dryland river

Geomorphic and vegetation changes in a meandering dryland river regulated by alarge dam, Sauce Grande River, Argentina

geomorphic and vegetation changes in a meandering dryland river regulated by alarge dam, sauce grande river, argentina

audiencethis investigates geomorphic vegetation sauce grande river meandering dryland river impounded conservation dam. impounds river scarce tributaries fresh sediment downstream limited. inspected historical photographs imagery spanning river segments eight reaches river segments. whilst unregulated river exhibited lateral migration consequent adjustments river marked planform vegetation encroachment alternating localized contraction river displays moribund redistribution sediment river constitute remnant fluvial created closing energy. geomorphic rivers impoundment geomorphic regulated sauce grande platform underpin assessing geomorphic regulated dryland river

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52860761

10.1007/s11356-014-2959-8

International audienceThe efficiency of aided phytostabilization using organic amendments such as ramial chipped wood (RCW) and composted sewage sludge (CSS) was studied on contaminated techno-soils, on nine experimental plots. The objective was to characterize the role of fulvic (FA) and humic acids (HA) on the mobilization of trace elements, specifically As, Cu, Mo, Pb and Zn. Results showed that the addition of CSS increased the total organic carbon and nitrogen content more than with RCW and as a result, the C/N ratio in the CSS soil was higher than in the RCW and non-amended (NE) soil, reflecting the high decomposition of soil organic matter in the CSS soil compared with the other soils. The RCW and CSS amendments increased the hydrogen index (HI) values and the oxygen index (OI) values compared with the NE soil, especially for the soil treated with CSS which contained more aliphatic than aromatic compounds. The addition of CSS to the techno-soil significantly increased the percentage of C org associated with the HA fractions compared with the RCW and NE soils. The soil amended with CSS showed the highest E 4/E 6 ratio and the lowest E 2/E 3 ratio of FA. Zn and As were more abundant in the FA fraction than in the HA fraction, whereas Pb, Cu and Mo were more associated to HA than to FA in the treated and untreated soils, which may explain the difference in their mobility and availability

Effect of organic amendments on the mobility of trace elements in phytoremediated techno-soils: role of the humic substances

effect of organic amendments on the mobility of trace elements in phytoremediated techno-soils: role of the humic substances

audiencethe aided phytostabilization amendments ramial chipped wood composted sewage sludge contaminated techno soils nine plots. characterize fulvic humic mobilization trace nitrogen amended reflecting decomposition soils. amendments aliphatic aromatic compounds. techno fractions soils. amended abundant untreated soils mobility availability

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52895623

10.1088/1367-2630/18/7/073048

International audienceBroadband amplification employing stimulated Raman backscattering is demonstrated. Using seed pulses with a bandwidth of about 200 nm, we study the amplification in a wide spectral range in a single laser shot. With chirped pump pulses and a Ne gas jet, we observed under optimized conditions, amplification in a range of about 80 nm, which is sufficient to support the amplification of sub-20 fs pulses. This broad amplification range is also in excellent agreement with PIC simulations. The conversion efficiency is at certain wavelengths as high as 1.2% and was measured to be better than 6×10 −3 on average

Broadband stimulated Raman backscattering

broadband stimulated raman backscattering

audiencebroadband amplification employing stimulated raman backscattering demonstrated. seed pulses bandwidth amplification shot. chirped pump pulses optimized amplification amplification pulses. broad amplification excellent simulations. conversion wavelengths

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52952044

10.1007/s00285-012-0549-2)

Using a fitness-returns argument we derive an expression for the selection gradient for the age dependent allocation strategy in a common class of state variable based life-history models. By setting the selection gradient equal to zero as part of the calculation of the ESS-es for such models, we get a marginal value argument and through this recover the local version of Pontryagin's maximum principle. This fills in a minor gap in a recent paper by Parvinen, Heino and Dieckmann (2012; DOI10.1007/s00285-012-0549-2), who treated the calculation of the selection gradient and of the ESS-es as separate issues. As bonuses we (i) provide an extension of the framework of these authors that can handle also the more complicated evolutionary dynamics of the life histories that we consider, and (ii) derive also the full Pontryagin's maximum principle from a fitness-returns argument

The adaptive dynamics of life histories: From fitness-returns to selection gradients and Pontryagin's maximum principle

the adaptive dynamics of life histories: from fitness-returns to selection gradients and pontryagin's maximum principle

fitness returns argument derive allocation models. marginal argument recover pontryagin principle. fills minor parvinen heino dieckmann issues. bonuses handle complicated evolutionary histories derive pontryagin fitness returns argument

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52993012

10.1049/iet-map.2015.0378

International audienceThis paper presents an equivalent model for a multiple-resonance reflectar-ray cell. It allows predicting the different phase-states of the cell from only a very few full-wave simulations. Demonstrations are first given for a passive cell where different geometrical parameters are varied. Then, the approach is generalized to a reconfigurable cell. Finally, a canonical reflectarray with a steered beam has been synthesized in order to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed equivalent circuit

Equivalent circuit of a reconfigurable triple-slot reflectarray cell

equivalent circuit of a reconfigurable triple-slot reflectarray cell

audiencethis presents reflectar cell. predicting simulations. demonstrations passive geometrical varied. reconfigurable cell. canonical reflectarray steered synthesized illustrate capabilities circuit

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53869481

10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.04.006

Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies (MADDs) are a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders with combined respiratory-chain deficiency and a neuromuscular phenotype. Despite recent advances in understanding the genetic basis of MADD, a number of cases remain unexplained. Here, we report clinically relevant variants in FLAD1, which encodes FAD synthase (FADS), as the cause of MADD and respiratory-chain dysfunction in nine individuals recruited from metabolic centers in six countries. In most individuals, we identified biallelic frameshift variants in the molybdopterin binding (MPTb) domain, located upstream of the FADS domain. Inasmuch as FADS is essential for cellular supply of FAD cofactors, the finding of biallelic frameshift variants was unexpected. Using RNA sequencing analysis combined with protein mass spectrometry, we discovered FLAD1 isoforms, which only encode the FADS domain. The existence of these isoforms might explain why affected individuals with biallelic FLAD1 frameshift variants still harbor substantial FADS activity. Another group of individuals with a milder phenotype responsive to riboflavin were shown to have single amino acid changes in the FADS domain. When produced in E. coli, these mutant FADS proteins resulted in impaired but detectable FADS activity; for one of the variant proteins, the addition of FAD significantly improved protein stability, arguing for a chaperone-like action similar to what has been reported in other riboflavin-responsive inborn errors of metabolism. In conclusion, our studies identify FLAD1 variants as a cause of potentially treatable inborn errors of metabolism manifesting with MADD and shed light on the mechanisms by which FADS ensures cellular FAD homeostasis

Riboflavin-Responsive and -Non-responsive Mutations in FAD Synthase Cause Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase and Combined Respiratory-Chain Deficiency

riboflavin-responsive and -non-responsive mutations in fad synthase cause multiple acyl-coa dehydrogenase and combined respiratory-chain deficiency

acyl dehydrogenase deficiencies madds heterogeneous metabolic disorders respiratory deficiency neuromuscular phenotype. advances madd unexplained. clinically variants flad encodes synthase fads madd respiratory dysfunction nine recruited metabolic centers countries. biallelic frameshift variants molybdopterin mptb upstream fads domain. inasmuch fads supply cofactors biallelic frameshift variants unexpected. sequencing spectrometry discovered flad isoforms encode fads domain. isoforms biallelic flad frameshift variants harbor substantial fads activity. milder phenotype responsive riboflavin fads domain. coli fads resulted impaired detectable fads variant arguing chaperone riboflavin responsive inborn metabolism. flad variants potentially treatable inborn metabolism manifesting madd shed fads ensures homeostasis

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55842293

10.1007/s00221-007-1226-3

During early visual processing the eyes can be captured by salient visual information in the environment. Whether a salient stimulus captures the eyes in a purely automatic, bottom-up fashion or whether capture is contingent on task demands is still under debate. In the first experiment, we manipulated the relevance of a salient onset distractor. The onset distractor could either be similar or dissimilar to the target. Error saccade latency distributions showed that early in time, oculomotor capture was driven purely bottom-up irrespective of distractor similarity. Later in time, top-down information became available resulting in contingent capture. In the second experiment, we manipulated the saliency information at the target location. A salient onset stimulus could be presented either at the target or at a non-target location. The latency distributions of error and correct saccades had a similar time-course as those observed in the first experiment. Initially, the distributions overlapped but later in time task-relevant information decelerated the oculomotor system. The present findings reveal the interaction between bottom-up and top-down processes in oculomotor behavior. We conclude that the task relevance of a salient event is not crucial for capture of the eyes to occur. Moreover, task-relevant information may integrate with saliency information to initiate saccades, but only later in time

Capture of the eyes by relevant and irrelevant onsets

capture of the eyes by relevant and irrelevant onsets

eyes captured salient environment. salient stimulus captures eyes purely automatic fashion capture contingent demands debate. manipulated relevance salient onset distractor. onset distractor dissimilar target. saccade latency oculomotor capture purely irrespective distractor similarity. became contingent capture. manipulated saliency location. salient onset stimulus location. latency saccades experiment. initially overlapped decelerated oculomotor system. reveal oculomotor behavior. relevance salient crucial capture eyes occur. integrate saliency initiate saccades

exact_dup

59036064

10.1016/j.ejcts.2005.08.029

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the adventitial inversion technique in acute type A aortic dissection, with special attention to the impact of this procedure on the postoperative status of false lumen evaluated by computed tomographic scan. Methods: From March 2001 to November 2004, 18 consecutive patients underwent emergent surgery for acute type A aortic dissection. Supracoronary graft replacement was performed in all the patients (ascending aorta/hemiarch replacement: 13/18 = 72%, total arch replacement: 5/18 = 28%). The adventitial inversion technique was used for both the proximal and the distal stump constructions of the dissected aortic wall without the aid of Teflon felt or biologic glue. Aortic regurgitation was treated with resuspension of the aortic commissures. Results: There were two hospital deaths and the overall hospital mortality rate was 11.1%. The mean postoperative blood loss was 635 ± 214 ml and no reexploration was required in any of the patients. Postoperative computed tomography showed closure of the false lumen in aortic root, aortic arch, and proximal descending thoracic aorta in all of the surviving patients. Postoperative echocardiography demonstrated no aortic regurgitation in any of the patients. Two patients died late postoperatively from unrelated causes to aortic dissection. The remaining 14 patients are doing well without a second-stage operation for aortic root or distal aortic lesions during the follow-up period of 7–51 months (mean: 28 ± 14 months). Conclusions: The adventitial inversion technique provides an excellent immediate hemostasis and facilitates thrombotic closure of the proximal and the distal false lumen in the treatment for acute type A aortic dissection

Adventitial inversion technique without the aid of biologic glue or Teflon buttress for acute type A aortic dissection

adventitial inversion technique without the aid of biologic glue or teflon buttress for acute type a aortic dissection

usefulness adventitial inversion aortic dissection postoperative false lumen tomographic scan. november consecutive underwent emergent aortic dissection. supracoronary graft replacement ascending aorta hemiarch replacement arch replacement adventitial inversion proximal distal stump constructions dissected aortic teflon felt biologic glue. aortic regurgitation resuspension aortic commissures. deaths postoperative reexploration patients. postoperative tomography closure false lumen aortic aortic arch proximal descending thoracic aorta surviving patients. postoperative echocardiography aortic regurgitation patients. died postoperatively unrelated aortic dissection. aortic distal aortic lesions adventitial inversion excellent immediate hemostasis facilitates thrombotic closure proximal distal false lumen aortic dissection

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59037138

10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.05.006

Introduction: [1-^<11>C]acetate positron emission tomography (PET) is used for myocardial studies. In the myocardium, mitochondrial acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACSS1) mainly contributes to the radiopharmaceutical uptake. [1-^<11>C]acetate PET is also used for tumor diagnosis; however, the uptake mechanism of radiolabeled acetate in tumors remains unclear. Our previous study reported that cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACSS2) was expressed in tumor cells and up-regulated under hypoxia; whereas, expression of ACSS1 was negligible regardless of the oxygen conditions. We also indicated that ACSS2 is a bi-directional enzyme that controls acetyl-CoA / acetate metabolism in tumor cells. In this study, to elucidate the basic mechanism of tumor acetate uptake, we focused on ACSS2 and investigated the role of ACSS2 in the uptake of radiolabeled acetate in tumor cells. Methods: [1-^<14>C]acetate uptake and ACSS2 expression were examined in four tumor cell lines under normoxia or hypoxia. An ACSS2 knockdown study was also performed. Results: [1-^<14>C]acetate uptake was increased in the tumor cells under hypoxia. This pattern followed that of ACSS2 expression. The incorporated ^<14>C was mostly distributed in the lipid-soluble fractions, and this tendency increased under hypoxia. ACSS2 knock down led to a corresponding reduction in [1-^<14>C]acetate uptake in all tumor cell lines examined under normoxia and hypoxia. Conclusions: ACSS2 plays an important role in the uptake of radiolabeled acetate in tumor cells, which is different from that in the myocardium, which mainly involves ACSS1. The uptake of radiolabeled acetate in tumors increased under hypoxia along with up-regulation of ACSS2 expression. This suggests a possible mechanism for acetate PET for tumors

Tumor uptake of radiolabeled acetate reflects the expression of cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthetase: implications for the mechanism of acetate PET

tumor uptake of radiolabeled acetate reflects the expression of cytosolic acetyl-coa synthetase: implications for the mechanism of acetate pet

acetate positron tomography myocardial studies. myocardium mitochondrial acetyl synthetase acss contributes radiopharmaceutical uptake. acetate uptake radiolabeled acetate tumors unclear. cytosolic acetyl synthetase acss regulated hypoxia acss negligible regardless conditions. acss directional enzyme acetyl acetate metabolism cells. elucidate acetate uptake focused acss acss uptake radiolabeled acetate cells. acetate uptake acss normoxia hypoxia. acss knockdown performed. acetate uptake hypoxia. acss expression. incorporated mostly soluble fractions tendency hypoxia. acss knock acetate uptake normoxia hypoxia. acss plays uptake radiolabeled acetate myocardium involves acss uptake radiolabeled acetate tumors hypoxia acss expression. acetate tumors

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59243926

10.1103/PhysRevE.58.7355

Direct evidence for two different types of normal rolls and of zigzag rolls in homeotropically aligned nematic liquid crystals in a magnetic field is reported. The conventional normal rolls have the reflection symmetry in the xy plane. The instability, however, breaks the reflection symmetry y→-y on the director and then the abnormal rolls are expected to be observed. We have investigated the instability experimentally and discussed it in terms of the recent numerical results by Plaut et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2367 (1997)]. Due to the new instability, the abnormal zigzag rolls are also found below the Lifshitz frequency

Observation and determination of abnormal rolls and abnormal zigzag rolls in electroconvection in homeotropic liquid crystals

observation and determination of abnormal rolls and abnormal zigzag rolls in electroconvection in homeotropic liquid crystals

rolls zigzag rolls homeotropically aligned nematic crystals reported. rolls reflection plane. instability breaks reflection director abnormal rolls observed. instability experimentally plaut phys. rev. lett. instability abnormal zigzag rolls lifshitz

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59244493

10.1103/PhysRevB.62.13323

We study the interplay of randomness, electron correlation, and dimensionality effects in weakly coupled half-filled Hubbard chains with weak quenched random potentials, based on the renormalization-group (RG) approach. We perform a two-loop RG analysis of an effective action derived by using the replica trick, and examine the following crossovers and phase transitions from an incoherent metal regime: (1) a crossover to the Anderson localization regime, (2) an antiferromagnetic phase transition, and (3) a crossover to the quasi-one-dimensional weak-localization regime. The case of d=1+ε (ε≪1) dimensions is also mentioned

Interplay of randomness, electron correlation, and dimensionality effects in quasi-one-dimensional conductors

interplay of randomness, electron correlation, and dimensionality effects in quasi-one-dimensional conductors

interplay randomness dimensionality weakly filled hubbard chains quenched potentials renormalization approach. replica trick examine crossovers incoherent crossover anderson localization antiferromagnetic crossover quasi localization regime.

exact_dup

61505561

10.1063/1.3645105

Producción CientíficaWe locate the putative global minimum structures of NaxCs(55 − x) and LixCs(55 − x) nanoalloys through combined empirical potential and density functional theory calculations, and compare them to the structures of 55-atom Li-Na and Na-K nanoalloys obtained in a recent paper [A. Aguado and J. M. López, J. Chem. Phys. 133, 094302 (2010)10.1063/1.3479396]. Alkali nanoalloys are representative of isovalent metallic mixtures with a strong tendency towards core-shell segregation, and span a wide range of size mismatches. By comparing the four systems, we analyse how the size mismatch and composition affect the structures and relative stabilities of these mixtures, and identify useful generic trends. The Na-K system is found to possess a nearly optimal size mismatch for the formation of poly-icosahedral (pIh) structures with little strain. In systems with a larger size mismatch (Na-Cs and Li-Cs), frustration of the pIh packing induces for some compositions a reconstruction of the core, which adopts instead a decahedral packing. When the size mismatch is smaller than optimal (Li-Na), frustration leads to a partial amorphization of the structures. The excess energies are negative for all systems except for a few compositions, demonstrating that the four mixtures are reactive. Moreover, we find that Li-Cs and Li-Na mixtures are more reactive (i.e., they have more negative excess energies) than Na-K and Na-Cs mixtures, so the stability trends when comparing the different materials are exactly opposite to the trends observed in the bulk limit: the strongly non-reactive Li-alkali bulk mixtures become the most reactive ones at the nanoscale. For each material, we identify the magic composition xm which minimizes the excess energy. xm is found to increase with the size mismatch due to steric crowding effects, and for LixCs(55 − x) the most stable cluster has almost equiatomic composition. We advance a simple geometric packing rule that suffices to systematize all the observed trends in systems with large size mismatch (Na-K, Na-Cs, and Li-Cs). As the size mismatch is reduced, however, electron shell effects become more and more important and contribute significantly to the stability of the Li-Na system

Identifying structural and energetic trends in isovalent core-shell nanoalloys as a function of composition and size mismatch

identifying structural and energetic trends in isovalent core-shell nanoalloys as a function of composition and size mismatch

producción científicawe locate putative naxcs lixcs nanoalloys atom nanoalloys aguado lópez chem. phys. alkali nanoalloys isovalent metallic mixtures tendency segregation span mismatches. analyse mismatch stabilities mixtures generic trends. possess nearly mismatch poly icosahedral strain. mismatch frustration packing induces compositions reconstruction adopts decahedral packing. mismatch frustration amorphization structures. excess compositions demonstrating mixtures reactive. mixtures reactive i.e. excess mixtures opposite reactive alkali mixtures reactive nanoscale. magic minimizes excess energy. mismatch steric crowding lixcs equiatomic composition. advance geometric packing suffices systematize mismatch mismatch

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77222365

10.1007/978-3-319-31545-4_7

The software development industry is dominated by a myriad of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The main goal of this chapter is to provide a characterization of SMEs based on previous studies. It also includes an overview of a number of software process models and software process improvement (SPI) models, which are aimed at assisting SMEs in improving the way they develop software. Furthermore, this chapter discusses the extent of SPI approaches published in the literature as a way to understand the particular context and some of the major challenges faced. From there, we propose an approach to integrate software process practices. This proposal is based on the results of our study on this topic carried out in small software companies. It is focused on what small organizations could actually do, more than on what they are currently practicing

The Route to software process improvement in small and medium-sized enterprises

the route to software process improvement in small and medium-sized enterprises

dominated myriad sized enterprises smes goal smes studies. overview aimed assisting smes improving software. discusses challenges faced. propose integrate practices. proposal topic companies. focused organizations practicing

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80136464

10.1088/1742-6596/727/1/012009

This note deals with the analysis of a model for partial damage, where the rate- independent, unidirectional flow rule for the damage variable is coupled with the rate-dependent heat equation, and with the momentum balance featuring inertia and viscosity according to Kelvin-Voigt rheology. The results presented here combine the approach from Roubicek [1, 2] with the methods from Lazzaroni/Rossi/Thomas/Toader [3]. The present analysis encompasses, differently from [2], the monotonicity in time of damage and the dependence of the viscous tensor on damage and temperature, and, unlike [3], a nonconstant heat capacity and a time-dependent Dirichlet loading

Some remarks on a model for rate-independent damage in thermo-visco-elastodynamics

some remarks on a model for rate-independent damage in thermo-visco-elastodynamics

deals unidirectional balance featuring inertia viscosity kelvin voigt rheology. combine roubicek lazzaroni rossi thomas toader encompasses differently monotonicity viscous unlike nonconstant dirichlet loading

exact_dup

80277868

10.1016/j.jbmt.2015.08.001

The project was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF, Project no. 127240).Background: Exercise is an effective treatment for patients with sub-acute and chronic low back pain (LBP). Patients with a movement control impairment (MCI) can be diagnosed as a subgroup of patients with LBP. Unknown is which exercise intervention is most beneficial for this subgroup. This study assessed the short-term effect of a specific exercise program targeting movement control impairment versus general exercise treatment on disability in patients with LBP and MCI. Methods: In a multicentre parallel group randomised controlled pragmatic trial, patients with sub-acute and chronic LBP were included. Further inclusion criteria were disability of ≥5 points on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and ≥2 positive tests out of a set of 6 movement control impairment tests. A total of 106 patients were randomly assigned to either tailored movement control exercise intervention (MC, n=52) or a general exercise intervention (GE, n=54); both 9-18 individual treatment sessions, over a maximum of 12 weeks. . The primary outcome was disability measured with the Patient Specific Functional scale (PSFS). Secondary outcome was the Roland-Morris disability scale (RMDQ). Measurements were taken pre- and posttreatment. Results: No significant difference was found following the treatment period. Baselineadjusted between-group mean difference for the PSFS was 0.5 (SD = 0.5; p = 0.32) in favour of MC exercises. The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire revealed a significant, but not clinically relevant, between-group difference of 2.0 points (SD = 0.8; p= 0.01). Conclusion: Disability in LBP patients was reduced considerably by both interventions. However, the limited contrast between the two exercise programs may have influenced outcomes

A tailored exercise program versus general exercise for a subgroup of patients with low back pain and movement control impairment : short-term results of a randomised controlled trial

a tailored exercise program versus general exercise for a subgroup of patients with low back pain and movement control impairment : short-term results of a randomised controlled trial

swiss foundation snsf .background exercise movement impairment diagnosed subgroup lbp. unknown exercise beneficial subgroup. exercise targeting movement impairment exercise disability mci. multicentre randomised pragmatic included. inclusion disability roland morris disability questionnaire movement impairment tests. randomly assigned tailored movement exercise exercise sessions weeks. disability psfs roland morris disability rmdq posttreatment. period. baselineadjusted psfs favour exercises. roland morris disability questionnaire clinically disability considerably interventions. exercise programs influenced

exact_dup

83548914

10.1016/j.hal.2017.01.007

The marine diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia, the major known producer of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) responsible for the amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) syndrome in humans and marine mammals, is globally distributed. The genus presents high species richness in the Argentine Sea and DA has been frequently detected in the last few years in plankton and shellfish samples, but the species identity of the producers remains unclear. In the present work, the distribution and abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia species and DA were determined from samples collected on two oceanographic cruises carried out through the Argentine Sea (∼39–47°S) during summer and spring 2013. Phytoplankton composition was analysed by light and electron microscopy while DA was determined by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The genus Pseudo-nitzschia was recorded in 71 and 86% of samples collected in summer and spring, respectively, whereas DA was detected in only 42 and 21% of samples, respectively. Microscopic analyses revealed at least five potentially toxic species (P. australis, P. brasiliana, P. fraudulenta, P. pungens, P. turgidula), plus putatively non-toxigenic P. dolorosa, P. lineola, P. turgiduloides and unidentified specimens of the P. pseudodelicatissima complex. The species P. australis showed the highest correlation with DA occurrence (r = 0.55; p &lt; 0.05), suggesting its importance as a major DA producer in the Argentine Sea. In the northern area and during summer, DA was associated with the presence of P. brasiliana, a species recorded for the first time in the Argentine Sea. By contrast, high concentrations of P. fraudulenta, P. pungens and P. turgidula did not correspond with DA occurrence. This study represents the first successful attempt to link toxigenicity with Pseudo-nitzschia diversity and cell abundance in field plankton populations in the south-western Atlantic

Species occurrence of the potentially toxigenic diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia and the associated neurotoxin domoic acid in the Argentine Sea

species occurrence of the potentially toxigenic diatom genus pseudo-nitzschia and the associated neurotoxin domoic acid in the argentine sea

marine diatom genus pseudo nitzschia producer neurotoxin domoic amnesic shellfish poisoning syndrome humans marine mammals globally distributed. genus presents richness argentine frequently plankton shellfish producers unclear. abundance pseudo nitzschia oceanographic cruises argentine summer spring phytoplankton analysed microscopy chromatography tandem spectrometry lc–ms genus pseudo nitzschia summer spring respectively. microscopic potentially toxic australis brasiliana fraudulenta pungens turgidula putatively toxigenic dolorosa lineola turgiduloides unidentified specimens pseudodelicatissima complex. australis occurrence producer argentine sea. northern summer brasiliana argentine sea. fraudulenta pungens turgidula occurrence. successful attempt toxigenicity pseudo nitzschia diversity abundance plankton atlantic

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93015275

10.1038/s41598-017-06522-3

We carried out whole-exome ultra-high throughput sequencing in brain samples of suicide victims who had suffered from major depressive disorder and control subjects who had died from other causes. This study aimed to reveal the selective accumulation of rare variants in the coding and the UTR sequences within the genes of suicide victims. We also analysed the potential effect of STR and CNV variations, as well as the infection of the brain with neurovirulent viruses in this behavioural disorder. As a result, we have identified several candidate genes, among others three calcium channel genes that may potentially contribute to completed suicide. We also explored the potential implication of the TGF-β signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of suicidal behaviour. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that uses whole-exome sequencing for the investigation of suicide

High-coverage whole-exome sequencing identifies candidate genes for suicide in victims with major depressive disorder

high-coverage whole-exome sequencing identifies candidate genes for suicide in victims with major depressive disorder

exome ultra throughput sequencing suicide victims suffered depressive disorder died causes. aimed reveal selective accumulation rare variants coding suicide victims. analysed neurovirulent viruses behavioural disorder. candidate calcium potentially completed suicide. explored implication signalling pathogenesis suicidal behaviour. exome sequencing suicide

exact_dup

96898364

10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01864

The solution precursor thermal spraying (SPTS) process is used to obtain nano-sized dense coating layers. During the SPTS process, the in situ formation of nanoparticles is mainly dependent on combustion gas-temperature, gas-pressure, gas-velocity, torch design, fuel type, and Oxygen-Fuel (O/F) mixture ratios, precursor injection feeding ratio and flow rates, properties of fuel and precursor and its concentration, and the precursor droplets fragmentation. The focus of the present work is the numerical study of atomization of pure solvent droplets streams into fine droplets spray using an effervescent twin-fluid atomizer. For better droplet disintegration appropriate atomization techniques can be used for injecting the precursor in the CH-2000 high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) torch. The CFD computations of the SPTS process are essentially required because the internal flow physics of HVOF process cannot be examined experimentally. In this research for the first time, an effervescent twin-fluid injection nozzle is designed to inject the solution precursor into the HVOF torch, and the effects on the HVOF flame dynamics are analyzed. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is performed using Linearized Instability Sheet Atomization (LISA) model and validated by the measured values of droplets size distribution at varied Gas-to-Liquid flow rate Ratios (GLR). Different nozzle diameters with varied injection parameters are numerically tested, and results are compared to observe the effects on the droplet disintegration and evaporation. It is concluded that the effervescent atomization nozzle used in the CH-2000 HVOF torch can work efficiently even with bigger exit diameters and with higher values of viscosity and surface-tension of the solution. It can generate smaller size precursor droplets (2 µm <d<20 µm) that could help in the formation of fine nanostructured coatings

Numerical analysis of the effects of using effervescent atomization on solution precursor thermal spraying process

numerical analysis of the effects of using effervescent atomization on solution precursor thermal spraying process

precursor spraying spts nano sized dense coating layers. spts situ nanoparticles combustion torch fuel fuel mixture precursor injection feeding fuel precursor precursor droplets fragmentation. atomization solvent droplets streams fine droplets spray effervescent twin atomizer. droplet disintegration atomization injecting precursor fuel hvof torch. computations spts essentially hvof experimentally. effervescent twin injection nozzle inject precursor hvof torch hvof flame analyzed. linearized instability sheet atomization lisa validated droplets varied nozzle diameters varied injection numerically droplet disintegration evaporation. concluded effervescent atomization nozzle hvof torch efficiently bigger exit diameters viscosity tension solution. precursor droplets fine nanostructured coatings

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11309310

10.1016/j.sna.2008.07.028

Magneto-Rheological Fluid (“MRF”) technology has been successfully employed in various low and high volume automotive applications. Good understanding of specific design constraints is required to define and to optimize a magneto-rheological device. This article presents parametrical analyses with magnetic simulations, of a magneto-rheological valve and a magneto-rheological orifice. Experimental rig assemblies of two different control devices have been designed, built and the performances have been evaluated experimentally. Controlled pressure drops, of 0.6MPa @ 4.5A at 5cm³/s in the orifice mode, and 1.5MPa @ 4.5A at 0 cm³/s, in the valve mode, using MRF132-AD, have been achieved. The study shows that excellent features like the fast response and the contactless nature of MRF control are attractive for various control devices

Design of magneto-rheological (MR) valve

design of magneto-rheological (mr) valve

magneto rheological “mrf” successfully automotive applications. optimize magneto rheological device. presents parametrical magneto rheological valve magneto rheological orifice. assemblies devices built performances experimentally. drops orifice valve achieved. excellent contactless attractive devices

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11310276

10.1007/978-3-540-30222-3_62

Cross-Language Spoken Document Retrieval (CLSDR) combines both the complexities of retrieval from collections characterized by speech transcription errors and language translation issues between search requests and documents. Thus achieving effective retrieval in this domain is potentially very challenging. For the CLEF 2003 SDR task we adopted a standard query translation strategy using commercial machine translation tools and explored pseudo-relevance feedback using a small contemporaneous collection and a much larger text collection from a different time period

Exeter at CLEF 2003: Cross-language spoken document retrieval experiments

exeter at clef 2003: cross-language spoken document retrieval experiments

spoken document retrieval clsdr combines complexities retrieval collections speech translation requests documents. achieving retrieval potentially challenging. clef adopted query translation commercial machine translation explored pseudo relevance contemporaneous

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11873881

10.1063/1.1397283

The d spacings in niobium have been measured to 145 GPa with a diamond anvil cell using a fluid13; pressure-transmitting medium methanolx2013;ethanolx2013;water MEW mixture, or helium. The13; conventional geometry, wherein the primary x-ray beam passes parallel to the load axis with image13; plate, has been used to record the diffraction patterns. The analysis of the d spacings using the lattice13; strain equations indicates the presence of nonhydrostatic stress component with both MEW and He13; pressure-transmitting media in the pressure ranges that are well below the freezing pressure of the13; pressure-transmitting medium. A method to correct the measured d spacings for the nonhydrostatic13; pressure effect is suggested. This study clearly emphasizes the need to carefully analyze the data for13; the nonhydrostatic compression effects even if the experiments are performed with fluid13; pressure-transmitting medium

Measurement and analysis of nonhydrostatic lattice strain component in niobium to 145 GPa under various fluid pressure-transmitting media

measurement and analysis of nonhydrostatic lattice strain component in niobium to 145 gpa under various fluid pressure-transmitting media

spacings niobium diamond anvil transmitting methanolx ethanolx mixture helium. wherein passes plate record diffraction patterns. spacings nonhydrostatic transmitting ranges freezing transmitting medium. spacings nonhydrostatic suggested. emphasizes carefully analyze nonhydrostatic compression transmitting

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11873883

10.1023/A:1012491010672

Results of measurements of the mean atomic volume (V), the glass transition temperature13; (Tg), the activation energy for glass transition (Et) and the d. c. electrical conductivity (x3C3;) are13; reported and discussed for ten glass compositions of the Gax2013;Asx2013;Te system. The glasses13; studied can be represented as Gax(As0.4Te0.6)100x2212;x glasses, with the additive Ga ranging13; from 0 to 12 atomic percent (at.%) in the parent As2Te3 glass. In the Gax(As0.4Te0.6)100x2212;x13; glasses, changes in slope are observed in the V, Tg, Et, x3C3; and other electronic properties, at13; the composition with a Ga content of 2 at.%. The results are compared with those obtained13; on introduction of Ag and Cu to the As2Te3 and the [0.5As2Te3x2013;0.5As2Se3] glasses. Analysis13; of the data suggest formation of GaAs, Ga2Te3 and excess Te structural units (s.u.) in lieu of13; some of the original As2Te3 s.u., for addition of Ga up to 2 at.% to the parent As2Te3 glass;13; for higher Ga contents, formation of GaAs, GaTe and excess Te s.u. are indicated

Ga as an additive in the As2Te3 glass

ga as an additive in the as2te3 glass

glass glass electrical conductivity glass compositions system. glasses glasses additive ranging percent parent glass. glasses glasses. gaas excess s.u. lieu s.u. parent glass contents gaas gate excess s.u.

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11996934

10.1103/PhysRevE.82.031902

Disordered networks are found in many natural and artificial materials, from gels or cytoskeletal structures to metallic foams or bones. Here, the energy distribution in this type of networks is modeled, taking into account the orientation of the struts. A correlation between the orientation and the energy per unit volume is found and described as a function of the connectivity in the network and the relative bending stiffness of the struts. If one or both parameters have relatively large values, the struts aligned in the loading direction present the highest values of energy. On the contrary, if these have relatively small values, the highest values of energy can be reached in the struts oriented transversally. This result allows explaining in a simple way remodeling processes in biological materials, for example, the remodeling of trabecular bone and the reorganization in the cytoskeleton. Additionally, the correlation between the orientation, the affinity, and the bending-stretching ratio in the network is discussed

Energy Distribution in disordered elastic Networks

energy distribution in disordered elastic networks

disordered artificial gels cytoskeletal metallic foams bones. modeled struts. connectivity bending stiffness struts. struts aligned loading energy. contrary reached struts oriented transversally. explaining remodeling remodeling trabecular reorganization cytoskeleton. additionally affinity bending stretching

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11999588

10.1063/1.3552195

This work reports on the growth by molecular beam epitaxy and characterization of InN/InGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) emitting at 1.5 μm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra show satellite peaks up to the second order. Estimated values of well (3 nm) and barrier (9 nm) thicknesses were derived from transmission electron microscopy and the fit between experimental data and simulated XRD spectra. Transmission electron microscopy and XRD simulations also confirmed that the InGaN barriers are relaxed with respect to the GaN template, while the InN MQWs grew under biaxial compression on the InGaN barriers. Low temperature (14 K) photoluminescence measurements reveal an emission from the InN MQWs at 1.5 μm. Measurements as a function of temperature indicate the existence of localized states, probably due to InN quantum wells’ thickness fluctuations as observed by transmission electron microscopy

InN/InGaN multiple quantum wells emitting at 1.5 mu m grown by molecular beam epitaxy

inn/ingan multiple quantum wells emitting at 1.5 mu m grown by molecular beam epitaxy

epitaxy ingan wells mqws emitting diffraction satellite order. barrier thicknesses microscopy spectra. microscopy confirmed ingan barriers relaxed template mqws grew biaxial compression ingan barriers. photoluminescence reveal mqws localized probably wells’ microscopy

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11999606

10.1080/17461391.2011.635704

The aim of the present work is to examine the differences between two groups of fencers with different levels of competition, elite and medium level. The timing parameters of the response reaction have been compared together with the kinetic variables which determine the sequence of segmented participation used during the lunge with a change in target during movement. A total of 30 male sword fencers participated, 13 elite and 17 medium level. Two force platforms recorded the horizontal component of the force and the start of the movement. One system filmed the movement in 3D, recording the spatial positions of 11 markers, while another system projected a mobile target over a screen. For synchronisation, an electronic signal enabled all the systems to be started simultaneously. Among the timing parameters of the reaction response, the choice reaction time (CRT) to the target change during the lunge was measured. The results revealed differences between the groups regarding the flight time, horizontal velocity at the end of the acceleration phase, and the length of the lunge, these being higher for the elite group, as well as other variables related to the temporal sequence of movement. No significant differences have been found in the simple reaction time or in CRT. According to the literature, the CRT appears to improve with sports practice, although this factor did not differentiate the elite from medium-level fencers. The coordination of fencing movements, that is, the right technique, constitutes a factor that differentiates elite fencers from medium-level ones

Response timing in the lunge and target change in elite versus medium-level fencers.

response timing in the lunge and target change in elite versus medium-level fencers.

examine fencers competition elite level. timing segmented participation lunge movement. sword fencers participated elite level. platforms movement. filmed movement recording markers projected mobile screen. synchronisation enabled started simultaneously. timing lunge measured. flight acceleration lunge elite movement. crt. sports differentiate elite fencers. coordination fencing movements constitutes differentiates elite fencers

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141524993

10.1016/j.plipres.2017.06.002

In plants, sterols are found in free form (free sterols, FSs) and conjugated as steryl esters (SEs), steryl glycosides (SGs) and acyl steryl glycosides (ASGs). Conjugated sterols are ubiquitously found in plants but their relative contents highly differ among species and their profile may change in response to developmental and environmental cues. SEs play a central role in membrane sterol homeostasis and also represent a storage pool of sterols in particular plant tissues. SGs and ASGs are main components of the plant plasma membrane (PM) that specifically accumulate in lipid rafts, PM microdomains known to mediate many relevant cellular processes. There are increasing evidences supporting the involvement of conjugated sterols in plant stress responses. In spite of this, very little is known about their metabolism. At present, only a limited number of genes encoding enzymes participating in conjugated sterol metabolism have been cloned and characterized in plants. The aim of this review is to update the current knowledge about the tissue and cellular distribution of conjugated sterols in plants and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis. We also discuss novel aspects on the role of conjugated sterols in plant development and stress responses recently unveiled using forward- and reverse-genetic approaches

Emerging roles for conjugated sterols in plants

emerging roles for conjugated sterols in plants

sterols sterols conjugated steryl esters steryl glycosides acyl steryl glycosides asgs conjugated sterols ubiquitously contents developmental cues. sterol homeostasis storage pool sterols tissues. asgs accumulate rafts microdomains mediate processes. evidences supporting involvement conjugated sterols responses. spite metabolism. encoding enzymes participating conjugated sterol metabolism cloned plants. update conjugated sterols enzymes biosynthesis. conjugated sterols unveiled reverse

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143692909

10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.01.001

This paper assesses and quantifies the detrimental effects of complex tri-dimensional notches subjected to uniaxial and multiaxial fatigue loading. A number of experimental results taken from the technical literature and generated by testing specimens containing complex geometrical features were reanalysed using a critical distance/plane method. The investigated notched samples were tested under uniaxial and multiaxial constant amplitude load histories, considering also the effects of non-zero mean stresses as well as non-proportional loading. The common feature of the considered notched geometries was that the position of the critical location changed as the degree of multiaxiality of the applied loading varied. The relevant linear-elastic stress fields in the vicinity of the crack initiation points were calculated by the Finite Element method and subsequently post-processed using the Modified Wöhler Curve Method in conjunction with the Theory of Critical Distances (the latter theory being applied in the form of the Point Method). This validation exercise confirms the accuracy and reliability of our multiaxial fatigue life assessment technique, which can be efficiently used in situations of practical interest by directly post-processing the relevant linear-elastic stress fields calculated with commercial Finite Element software packages.Safe Technology Limite

On the multiaxial fatigue assessment of complex three-dimensional stress concentrators

on the multiaxial fatigue assessment of complex three-dimensional stress concentrators

assesses quantifies detrimental notches subjected uniaxial multiaxial fatigue loading. specimens geometrical reanalysed method. notched uniaxial multiaxial histories stresses loading. notched geometries changed multiaxiality loading varied. elastic vicinity crack initiation subsequently processed wöhler conjunction distances validation exercise confirms reliability multiaxial fatigue efficiently situations practical elastic commercial packages.safe limite

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144013213

10.1002/ffj.1068

The morphology, distribution and release mechanism of the glandular trichomes of Teucrium salviastrum Schreber were studied, along with the chemical composition of the essential oils. Peltate and capitate trichomes are present on both vegetative and reproductive organs. In this study, particular emphasis is given to the capitate trichomes with long multicellular stalks. These trichomes are very abundant, and the secretion material is released by cuticule rupture on the top of the head cells. Also noteworthy is the presence of peltate trichomes on the upper surface of the ovary. Although already described in some Lamiaceae, these trichomes have not been recorded previously on any other Teucrium species. The composition of the essential oil was studied using mainly GC and GC-MS. The oils isolated from leaves, collected during the flowering and post-flowering phases of the plant, as well as the oil isolated from the flower heads, exhibited a similar chemical composition. Nevertheless, the oils showed remarkable differences in composition when compared to those reported in the literature for the same species. The present study has shown that our oil consisted mainly of E-beta-farnesene (26.1-29.3%), E-caryophyllene (19.1-24.1%) and germacrene D (13.7-21.6%). The major compound of our samples, E-beta-farnesene, is reported for the first time for this species. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ffj.106

Composition of the essential oil and micromorphology of trichomes of Teucrium salviastrum, an endemic species from Portugal

composition of the essential oil and micromorphology of trichomes of teucrium salviastrum, an endemic species from portugal

morphology glandular trichomes teucrium salviastrum schreber oils. peltate capitate trichomes vegetative reproductive organs. emphasis capitate trichomes multicellular stalks. trichomes abundant secretion released cuticule rupture cells. noteworthy peltate trichomes ovary. lamiaceae trichomes teucrium species. oils leaves flowering flowering flower heads exhibited composition. nevertheless oils remarkable species. consisted beta farnesene caryophyllene germacrene compound beta farnesene species. ffj.

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144013297

10.1002/jnr.20135

Studies with in-vitro-cultured neurons treated with amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides demonstrated neuronal loss by apoptosis that is due, at least in part, to the perturbation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. In addition, it was shown that an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-specific apoptotic pathway mediated by caspase-12, which is activated upon the perturbation of ER Ca2+ homeostasis, may contribute to Abeta toxicity. To elucidate the involvement of deregulation of ER Ca2+ homeostasis in neuronal death induced by Abeta peptides, we have performed a comparative study using the synthetic peptides Abeta25-35 or Abeta1-40 and thapsigargin, a selective inhibitor of Ca2+ uptake into the ER. Incubation of cortical neurons with thapsigargin (2.5 muM) increased the intracellular Ca2+ levels and activated caspase-3, leading to a significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells. Similarly, upon incubation of cortical cultures with the Abeta peptides (Abeta25-35, 25 muM; Abeta1-40, 0.5 muM), we observed a significant increase in [Ca2+]i, in caspase-3-like activity, and in number of neurons exhibiting apoptotic morphology. The role of ER Ca2+ release through ryanodine receptors (RyR) or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) in Abeta neurotoxicity has been also investigated. Dantrolene and xestospongin C, inhibitors of ER Ca2+ release through RyR or IP3R, were able to prevent the increase in [Ca2+]i and the activation of caspase-3 and to protect partially against apoptosis induced by treatment with Abeta25-35 or Abeta1-40. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the release of Ca2+ from the ER, mediated by both RyR and IP3R, is involved in Abeta toxicity and can contribute, together with the activation of other intracellular neurotoxic mechanisms, to Abeta-induced neuronal death. This study suggests that Abeta accumulation may have a key role in the pathogenesis of AD as a result of deregulation of ER Ca2+ homeostasis. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnr.2013

Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release through ryanodine and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors in the neurotoxic effects induced by the amyloid-beta peptide

involvement of endoplasmic reticulum ca2+ release through ryanodine and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors in the neurotoxic effects induced by the amyloid-beta peptide

cultured amyloid beta abeta peptides neuronal apoptosis perturbation intracellular homeostasis. endoplasmic reticulum apoptotic caspase perturbation homeostasis abeta toxicity. elucidate involvement deregulation homeostasis neuronal abeta peptides comparative synthetic peptides abeta abeta thapsigargin selective inhibitor uptake incubation cortical thapsigargin intracellular caspase apoptotic cells. incubation cortical cultures abeta peptides abeta abeta caspase exhibiting apoptotic morphology. ryanodine receptors inositol trisphosphate receptors abeta neurotoxicity investigated. dantrolene xestospongin inhibitors prevent caspase protect partially apoptosis abeta abeta abeta toxicity intracellular neurotoxic abeta neuronal death. abeta accumulation pathogenesis deregulation homeostasis. wiley liss inc. jnr.

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144013778

10.1023/A:1015536808304

In this work the effect of the neurotoxic amino acid sequence, Aß25–35, on brain mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) was studied. For the purpose, the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (??m), mitochondrial respiration and the calcium fluxes were examined. It was observed that Aß25–35, in the presence of Ca2+, decreased the ??m, the capacity of brain mitochondria to accumulate calcium and led to a complete uncoupling of the respiration. However, the reverse sequence of the peptide Aß25–35 (Aß35–25) did not promote the PTP. The alterations promoted by Aß35–25 and/or Ca2+ could be reversed when Ca2+ was removed by EGTA or when ADP plus oligomycin were present. The pre-treatment with CsA or ADP plus oligomycin prevented the ??m drop and preserved the capacity of mitochondria to accumulate Ca2+. These results suggest that Aß25–35 can promote the PTP induced by Ca2+.http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:101553680830

Amyloid ß-Peptide Promotes Permeability Transition Pore in Brain Mitochondria

amyloid ß-peptide promotes permeability transition pore in brain mitochondria

neurotoxic mitochondrial permeability pore studied. mitochondrial transmembrane mitochondrial respiration calcium fluxes examined. mitochondria accumulate calcium uncoupling respiration. reverse promote ptp. alterations promoted reversed removed egta oligomycin present. oligomycin prevented drop preserved mitochondria accumulate promote

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144014151

10.1007/s10863-004-8999-x

Dehydrogenase activities of potato tuber mitochondria and corresponding phosphorylation rates were measured for the dependence on external and mitochondrial matrix Mg2+. Magnesium stimulated state 3 and state 4 respiration, with significantly different concentrations of matrix Mg2+ required for optimal activities of the several substrates. Maximal stimulation of respiration with all substrates was obtained at 2-mM external Mg2+. However, respiration of malate, citrate, and a-ketoglutarate requires at least 4-mM Mg2+ inside mitochondria for maximization of dehydrogenase activities. The phosphorylation system, requires a low level of internal Mg2+ (0.25 mM) to reach high activity, as judged by succinate-dependent respiration. However, mitochondria respiring on citrate or a-ketoglutarate only sustain high levels of phosphorylation with at least 4-mM matrix Mg2+. Respiration of succinate is active without external and matrix Mg2+, although stimulated by the cation. Respiration of a-ketoglutarate was strictly dependent on external Mg2+ required for substrate transport into mitochondria, and internal Mg2+ is required for dehydrogenase activity. Respiration of citrate and malate also depend on internal Mg2+ but, unlike a-ketoglutarate, some activity still remains without external Mg2+. All the substrates revealed insensitive to external and internal mitochondrial Ca2+, except the exogenous NADH dehydrogenase, which requires either external Ca2+ or Mg2+ for detectable activity. Calcium is more efficient than Mg2+, both having cumulative stimulation. Unlike Ca2+, Mn2+ could substitute for Mg2+, before and after addition of A23, showing its ability to regulate phosphorylation and succinate dehydrogenase activities, with almost the same efficiency as Mg2+.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10863-004-8999-

Regulation by Magnesium of Potato Tuber Mitochondrial Respiratory Activities

regulation by magnesium of potato tuber mitochondrial respiratory activities

dehydrogenase potato tuber mitochondria phosphorylation mitochondrial magnesium stimulated respiration substrates. maximal stimulation respiration substrates respiration malate citrate ketoglutarate mitochondria maximization dehydrogenase activities. phosphorylation judged succinate respiration. mitochondria respiring citrate ketoglutarate sustain phosphorylation respiration succinate stimulated cation. respiration ketoglutarate strictly mitochondria dehydrogenase activity. respiration citrate malate unlike ketoglutarate substrates insensitive mitochondrial exogenous nadh dehydrogenase detectable activity. calcium cumulative stimulation. unlike substitute regulate phosphorylation succinate dehydrogenase

exact_dup

145237600

10.1098/rspa.2017.0147

This work is related to billiards and their applications in geometric optics. It is known that perfectly invisible bodies with mirror surface do not exist. It is therefore natural to search for bodies that are, in a sense, close to invisible. We introduce a visibility index of a body measuring the mean angle of deviation of incident light rays, and derive a lower estimate for this index. This estimate is a function of the body's volume and of the minimal radius of a ball containing the body. This result is far from being final and opens a possibility for further research

The problem of camouflaging via mirror reflections

the problem of camouflaging via mirror reflections

billiards geometric optics. perfectly invisible bodies mirror exist. bodies invisible. visibility measuring incident rays derive index. ball body. opens

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147596121

10.1007/s00530-006-0064-7

Almost all system and application design for multimedia systems is based around a single user working in isolation to perform some task yet much of the work for which we use computers to help us, is based on working collaboratively with colleagues. Groupware systems do support user collaboration but typically this is supported through software and users still physically work independently. Tabletop systems, such as the DiamondTouch from MERL, are interface devices which support direct user collaboration on a tabletop. When a tabletop is used as the interface for a multimedia system, such as a video search system, then this kind of direct collaboration raises many questions for system design. In this paper we present a tabletop system for supporting a pair of users in a video search task and we evaluate the system not only in terms of search performance but also in terms of user–user interaction and how different user personalities within each pair of searchers impacts search performance and user interaction. Incorporating the user into the system evaluation as we have done here reveals several interesting results and has important ramifications for the design of a multimedia search system

Collaborative video searching on a tabletop

collaborative video searching on a tabletop

multimedia isolation computers collaboratively colleagues. groupware physically independently. tabletop diamondtouch merl devices tabletop. tabletop multimedia video kind raises design. tabletop supporting video user–user personalities searchers impacts interaction. incorporating reveals ramifications multimedia

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147606735

10.1002/14651858.CD006630

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows:\ud To assess the effectiveness of analgesics for management of post-operative pain in children who have undergone a tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy, or both. The questions to be addressed are:\ud 1. What analgesics (or combination of analgesics) are effective for the treatment of post-operative pain in children who have undergone a tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy, or both?\ud 2. What adverse effects, if any, are associated with the use of individual or combined analgesics for treatment of post-operative pain in children who have undergone a tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy, or both

Analgesics for postoperative pain after tonsillectomy and\ud adenoidectomy in children

analgesics for postoperative pain after tonsillectomy and\ud adenoidectomy in children

abstract. objectives effectiveness analgesics operative undergone tonsillectomy adenoidectomy both. addressed analgesics analgesics operative undergone tonsillectomy adenoidectomy adverse analgesics operative undergone tonsillectomy adenoidectomy

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147607683

10.1016/j.matdes.2008.07.026

A laser-based magnet measurement system has been developed to measure the magnetostrictive strain of large cylindrical samples. The measurement system incorporates a solenoid capable of generating a maximum magnetic field intensity of 3000 Oe and a laser displacement sensor. For calibration and evaluation purposes, the positive magnetostrictions of two different types of giant magnetostrictive Tb–Dy–Fe-based materials were accessed with this system. A magnetostrictive strain of 622 ppm was obtained at 3000 Oe for TbxDy1-xFe2-y, compared with 725 ppm for Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe2. A rod of sintered cobalt ferrite was also measured. This exhibited negative magnetostriction, with a maximum contraction of 260 ppm at 3000 Oe

Calibration and characterisation with a new laser-based magnetostriction measurement system

calibration and characterisation with a new laser-based magnetostriction measurement system

magnet magnetostrictive cylindrical samples. incorporates solenoid capable generating displacement sensor. calibration purposes magnetostrictions giant magnetostrictive tb–dy–fe accessed system. magnetostrictive tbxdy sintered cobalt ferrite measured. exhibited magnetostriction contraction

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148656358

10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2004.03.007

Recent commercialisation of seedless watermelon varieties relies on the guarantee of a high quality product. Several internal defects may deteriorate greatly this fruit: (a) creases and/or large voids in the flesh, (b) overripeness and (c) bruises due to impact. The objective of this research was to develop a feasible non-destructive procedure for detecting these defects in individual fruits, based on acoustic impulse response.\ud A device consisting of a microphone, structural elements and a mechanical impact generator was designed and tested. Good and defective seedless watermelons were tested with the acoustic device. Spectral parameters were examined as potential non-destructive predictors of internal disorders. Waveband magnitude parameters, obtained by summing the magnitude of the spectrum between two frequencies in a specified band width (always including between 40 and 500 Hz), were the acoustic parameters showing the best ability to detect internal disorders

Detection of internal quality in seedless watermelon by acoustic impulse response

detection of internal quality in seedless watermelon by acoustic impulse response

commercialisation seedless watermelon varieties relies guarantee product. defects deteriorate greatly fruit creases voids flesh overripeness bruises impact. feasible destructive detecting defects fruits acoustic impulse response. consisting microphone generator tested. defective seedless watermelons acoustic device. destructive predictors disorders. waveband summing specified acoustic detect disorders

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148657084

10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.07.031

The S 2p core excitation spectrum of the SF5CF3 molecule has been measured in the total ion yield mode. It resembles a lot the analogous spectrum of SF6, also recorded in this study, displaying intense transitions to the empty molecular orbitals both below and above the S 2p ionization potential (IP) and weak transitions to the Rydberg orbitals. The S 2p photoabsorption spectra of SF6 and SF5CF3 have been calculated using time-dependent density functional theory, whereby the spin–orbit coupling was included for the transitions below the S 2p IP. The agreement between experiment and theory is good for both molecules, which allows us to assign the main S 2p absorption features in SF5CF3

S 2p photoabsorption of the SF5CF3 molecule: Experiment, theory and comparison with SF6

s 2p photoabsorption of the sf5cf3 molecule: experiment, theory and comparison with sf6

molecule mode. resembles analogous displaying intense empty orbitals ionization rydberg orbitals. photoabsorption whereby spin–orbit assign

exact_dup

148657548

10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.005

Glass fiber reinforced cement (GRC) is a composite material produced by the union of a cement mortar matrix and chopped glass fibers. Its good mechanical properties deteriorate with time. This phenomenon has been studied performing a tensile test program on both young and aged samples of GRC produced by using different chemical additives. Once the tests were carried out, a microstructural analysis of fracture surfaces was performed using a scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Pictures taken showed that the addition of metakaolin enables more fibers to be pulled out from the matrix instead of being broken in aged GRC samples. However, the increase in the number of such fibers pulled out did not prevent the embrittlement of GRC. Also, all the other chemical additions used did not show any improvement in the mechanical properties of GRC

Analysis of glass fiber reinforced cement (GRC) fracture surfaces

analysis of glass fiber reinforced cement (grc) fracture surfaces

glass fiber reinforced cement composite union cement mortar chopped glass fibers. deteriorate time. phenomenon performing tensile aged additives. microstructural fracture scanning microscope pictures metakaolin enables fibers pulled broken aged samples. fibers pulled prevent embrittlement grc. additions

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148659764

10.1007/s11263-005-3677-y

We introduce a geometrical object providing the same information as the absolute conic: the absolute line quadric (ALQ). After the introduction of the necessary exterior algebra and Grassmannian geometry tools, we analyze the Grassmannian of lines of P^3 from both the projective and Euclidean points of view. The exterior algebra setting allows then to introduce the ALQ as a quadric arising very naturally from the dual absolute quadric. We fully characterize the ALQ and provide clean relationships to solve the inverse problem, i.e., recovering the Euclidean structure of space from the ALQ. Finally we show how the ALQ turns out to be particularly suitable to address the Euclidean autocalibration of a set of cameras with square pixels and otherwise varying intrinsic parameters, providing new linear and non-linear algorithms for this problem. We also provide experimental results showing the good performance of the techniques

The Absolute Line Quadric and Camera Autocalibration

the absolute line quadric and camera autocalibration

geometrical conic quadric exterior grassmannian analyze grassmannian projective euclidean view. exterior quadric arising naturally quadric. characterize clean solve i.e. recovering euclidean alq. turns euclidean autocalibration cameras pixels intrinsic problem.

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148661164

10.1016/j.powtec.2011.02.008

Nowadays, the electronic industry demands small and complex parts as a consequence of the miniaturization of electronic devices. Powder injection moulding (PIM) is an emerging technique for the manufacturing of magnetic ceramics. In this paper, we analyze the sintering process, between 900 °C and 1300 °C, of Ni–Zn ferrites prepared by PIM. In particular, the densification behaviour, microstructure and mechanical properties of samples with toroidal and bar geometry were analyzed at different temperatures. Additionally, the magnetic behaviour (complex permeability and magnetic losses factor) of these compacts was compared with that of samples prepared by conventional powder compaction. Finally, the mechanical behaviour (elastic modulus, flexure strength and fracture toughness) was analyzed as a function of the powder loading of feedstock. The final microstructure of prepared samples was correlated with the macroscopic behaviour. A good agreement was established between the densities and population of defects found in the materials depending on the sintering conditions. In general, the final mechanical and magnetic properties of PIM samples were enhanced relative those obtained by uniaxial compaction

Microstructure, magnetic and mechanical properties of Ni-Zn ferrites prepared by Powder Injection Moulding

microstructure, magnetic and mechanical properties of ni-zn ferrites prepared by powder injection moulding

nowadays demands miniaturization devices. powder injection moulding emerging manufacturing ceramics. analyze sintering ni–zn ferrites pim. densification microstructure toroidal temperatures. additionally permeability losses compacts powder compaction. elastic modulus flexure fracture toughness powder loading feedstock. microstructure macroscopic behaviour. densities defects sintering conditions. uniaxial compaction

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148664302

10.1007/s10619-012-7105-3

This paper presents a data-intensive architecture that demonstrates the ability to support applications from a wide range of application domains, and support the different types of users involved in defining, designing and executing data-intensive processing tasks. The prototype architecture is introduced, and the pivotal role of DISPEL as a canonical language is explained. The architecture promotes the exploration and exploitation of distributed and heterogeneous data and spans the complete knowledge discovery process, from data preparation, to analysis, to evaluation and reiteration. The architecture evaluation included large-scale applications from astronomy, cosmology, hydrology, functional genetics, imaging processing and seismology

Data-Intensive architecture for scientific knowledge discovery

data-intensive architecture for scientific knowledge discovery

presents intensive architecture demonstrates defining designing executing intensive tasks. prototype architecture pivotal dispel canonical explained. architecture promotes exploration exploitation heterogeneous spans discovery preparation reiteration. architecture astronomy cosmology hydrology genetics seismology

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148666885

10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.11.070

The study of the performance of an innovative receiver for linear Fresnel reflectors is carried out in this paper, and the results are analyzed with a physics perspective of the process. The receiver consists of a bundle of tubes parallel to the mirror arrays, resulting on a smaller cross section for the same receiver width as the number of tubes increases, due to the diminution of their diameter. This implies higher heat carrier fluid speeds, and thus, a more effective heat transfer process, although it conveys higher pumping power as well. Mass flow is optimized for different tubes diameters, different impinging radiation intensities and different fluid inlet temperatures. It is found that the best receiver design, namely the tubes diameter that maximizes the exergetic efficiency for given working conditions, is similar for the cases studied. There is a range of tubes diameters that imply similar efficiencies, which can drive to capital cost reduction thanks to the flexibility of design. In addition, the length of the receiver is also optimized, and it is observed that the optimal length is similar for the working conditions considered. As a result of this study, it is found that this innovative receiver provides an optimum design for the whole day, even though impinging radiation intensity varies notably. Thermal features of this type of receiver could be the base of a new generation of concentrated solar power plants with a great potential for cost reduction, because of the simplicity of the system and the lower weigh of the components, plus the flexibility of using the receiver tubes for different streams of the heat carrier fluid

Steady-state thermal analysis of an innovative receiver for linear Fresnel reflectors

steady-state thermal analysis of an innovative receiver for linear fresnel reflectors

innovative receiver fresnel reflectors perspective process. receiver bundle tubes mirror arrays receiver tubes diminution diameter. carrier speeds conveys pumping well. optimized tubes diameters impinging intensities inlet temperatures. receiver tubes maximizes exergetic studied. tubes diameters imply efficiencies drive capital thanks flexibility design. receiver optimized considered. innovative receiver optimum impinging varies notably. receiver concentrated great simplicity weigh flexibility receiver tubes streams carrier

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148669523

10.1007/978-3-319-00846-2_110

Quantification of neurotransmission Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) studies of the dopaminergic system can be used to track, stage and facilitate early diagnosis of the disease. The aim of this study was to implement QuantiDOPA, a semi-automatic quantification software of application in clinical routine to reconstruct and quantify neurotransmission SPECT studies using radioligands which bind the dopamine transporter (DAT). To this end, a workflow oriented framework for the biomedical imaging (GIMIAS) was employed. QuantiDOPA allows the user to perform a semiautomatic quantification of striatal uptake by following three stages: reconstruction, normalization and quantification. QuantiDOPA is a useful tool for semi-automatic quantification inDAT SPECT imaging and it has revealed simple and flexibl

QuantiDOPA: A Quantification Software for Dopaminergic Neurotransmission SPECT

quantidopa: a quantification software for dopaminergic neurotransmission spect

quantification neurotransmission tomography spect dopaminergic track facilitate disease. implement quantidopa automatic quantification routine reconstruct quantify neurotransmission spect radioligands bind dopamine transporter workflow oriented biomedical gimias employed. quantidopa semiautomatic quantification striatal uptake reconstruction normalization quantification. quantidopa automatic quantification indat spect flexibl

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148674057

10.1016/j.neucom.2013.01.059

Nonlinear analysis tools for studying and characterizing the dynamics of physiological signals have gained popularity, mainly because tracking sudden alterations of the inherent complexity of biological processes might be an indicator of altered physiological states.\ud Typically, in order to perform an analysis with such tools, the physiological variables that describe the biological process under study are used to reconstruct the underlying dynamics of the biological processes. For that goal, a procedure called time-delay or uniform embedding is usually employed.\ud Nonetheless, there is evidence of its inability for dealing with non-stationary signals, as those recorded from many physiological processes.\ud To handle with such a drawback, this paper evaluates the utility of non-conventional time series reconstruction procedures based on non uniform embedding, applying them to automatic pattern recognition tasks. The paper compares a state of the art non uniform approach with a novel scheme\ud which fuses embedding and feature selection at once, searching for better reconstructions of the dynamics of the system. Moreover, results are also compared with two classic uniform embedding techniques. Thus, the goal is comparing uniform and non uniform reconstruction techniques, including the one proposed in this work, for pattern recognition in biomedical signal processing tasks. Once the state space is reconstructed, the scheme followed characterizes with three classic nonlinear dynamic features (Largest Lyapunov Exponent, Correlation Dimension and Recurrence Period Density Entropy), while classification is carried out by means of a simple k-nn classifier. In order to test its generalization capabilities, the approach was tested with three different physiological databases (Speech Pathologies, Epilepsy and Heart Murmurs).\ud In terms of the accuracy obtained to automatically detect the presence of pathologies, and for the three types of biosignals analyzed, the non uniform techniques used in this work lightly outperformed the results obtained using the uniform methods, suggesting their usefulness to characterize non-stationary biomedical signals in pattern recognition applications. On the other hand, in view of the\ud results obtained and its low computational load, the proposed technique suggests its applicability for the\ud applications under study

Non uniform embedding based on relevance analysis with reduced computational complexity: application to the detection of pathologies from biosignal recordings

non uniform embedding based on relevance analysis with reduced computational complexity: application to the detection of pathologies from biosignal recordings

studying characterizing physiological gained popularity tracking sudden alterations inherent indicator altered physiological states. physiological reconstruct processes. goal delay embedding employed. nonetheless inability dealing stationary physiological processes. handle drawback evaluates utility reconstruction embedding automatic recognition tasks. compares fuses embedding searching reconstructions system. classic embedding techniques. goal reconstruction recognition biomedical tasks. reconstructed characterizes classic lyapunov exponent recurrence classifier. generalization capabilities physiological databases speech pathologies epilepsy murmurs automatically detect pathologies biosignals lightly outperformed usefulness characterize stationary biomedical recognition applications. applicability

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148675740

10.1007/s11947-014-1389-4

Apples can be considered as having a complex system formed by several structures at different organization levels: macroscale (>100 μm) and microscale (<100 μm). This\ud work implements 2D T1/T2 global and localized relaxometry\ud sequences on whole apples to be able to perform an intensive\ud non-destructive and non-invasive microstructure study. The 2D T1/T2 cross-correlation spectroscopy allows the extraction of quantitative information about the water compartmentation in different subcellular organelles. A clear difference is found as sound apples show neat peaks for water in different subcellular compartments, such as vacuolar, cytoplasmatic and extracellular water, while in watercore-affected tissues such compartments\ud appear merged. Localized relaxometry allows for the\ud predefinition of slices in order to understand the microstructure of a particular region of the fruit, providing information that cannot be derived from global 2D T1/T2 relaxometry

Non-Destructive Global and Localized 2D T1/T2 NMR Relaxometry to Resolve Microstructure in Apples Affected by Watercore

non-destructive global and localized 2d t1/t2 nmr relaxometry to resolve microstructure in apples affected by watercore

apples macroscale microscale implements localized relaxometry apples intensive destructive invasive microstructure study. spectroscopy extraction compartmentation subcellular organelles. sound apples neat subcellular compartments vacuolar cytoplasmatic extracellular watercore tissues compartments merged. localized relaxometry predefinition slices microstructure fruit relaxometry

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148681522

10.1016/j.clinph.2015.01.027

To better characterize brain circuits dysfunctions in normoacousic tinnitus sufferers. Methods: 17 normoacousic chronic, unilateral high-pitched tinnitus sufferers (6 females, 43.6 ± 9.8 y.o, disease duration 22 ± 35 months) underwent a 29-channel resting-state electroencephalography (EEG – 5 min opened-eyes, 5 min closed-eyes) and auditory oddball paradigm for event-related potentials analyses (ERPs – N1, P2 and P300). Cortical 3D distribution of current source density was computed with sLORETA. Results were compared with 17 controls (9 females, 45.7 ± 15.1 y.o). Results: Eyes opened, tinnitus sufferers had lower alpha and beta sources in the left inferior parietal lobule. Eyes closed, tinnitus sufferers had decreased alpha sources in the left inferior temporal and post-central gyri, and low gamma sources in the left middle temporal gyrus. EEG data did not correlate with tinnitus sufferers’ clinical features. Subjects with tinnitus had shorter N1 and P2 latencies. P300 did not differ between groups. sLORETA solutions showed decreased sources of these ERPs in the left inferior temporal gyrus in the tinnitus group. Conclusions: We showed cortico-thalamo-cortical involvements in normoacousic tinnitus with hyperexcitability of the left auditory cortex and inferior temporal gyrus. Significance: This might reflect processes of maladaptive cortical plasticity and memory consolidation. Further validation is needed to establish the value of this tool in customizing therapeutic approach

Involvement of cortico-subcortical circuits in normoacousic chronic tinnitus: A source localization EEG study

involvement of cortico-subcortical circuits in normoacousic chronic tinnitus: a source localization eeg study

characterize circuits dysfunctions normoacousic tinnitus sufferers. normoacousic unilateral pitched tinnitus sufferers females underwent resting electroencephalography opened eyes eyes auditory oddball paradigm potentials erps cortical sloreta. females eyes opened tinnitus sufferers alpha beta inferior parietal lobule. eyes tinnitus sufferers alpha inferior gyri gamma gyrus. correlate tinnitus sufferers’ features. tinnitus shorter latencies. groups. sloreta erps inferior gyrus tinnitus group. cortico thalamo cortical involvements normoacousic tinnitus hyperexcitability auditory cortex inferior gyrus. reflect maladaptive cortical plasticity consolidation. validation establish customizing therapeutic

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148683779

10.1002/pip.2511

This paper describes the results of an intercomparison of spectroradiometers for measuring global normal incidence and direct normal incidence spectral irradiance in the visible and in the near infrared, together with an assessment of the impact these results may have on the calibration of the short circuit current (I-sc) of triple-junction photovoltaic devices and on the relevant spectral mismatch calculation. The intercomparison was conducted by six European scientific laboratories and a Japanese industrial partner. Seven spectroradiometer systems, for a total of 13 different instruments/channels using two different technologies and made by four different manufacturers were involved. This group of systems represents a good cross section of the instrumentation for solar spectrum measurements available to date. The instruments were calibrated by each partner prior to the intercomparison following their usual procedure and traceability route in order to verify the entire measurement and traceability chain. The difference in measured spectral irradiance showed to have an impact on the calibration of a set of Iso-Type cells varying from +/- 2% to +/- 14% for middle and bottom cell, respectively

Second international spectroradiometer intercomparison: results and impact on PV device calibration

second international spectroradiometer intercomparison: results and impact on pv device calibration

describes intercomparison spectroradiometers measuring incidence incidence irradiance visible infrared calibration circuit triple junction photovoltaic devices mismatch calculation. intercomparison laboratories japanese industrial partner. seven spectroradiometer instruments technologies manufacturers involved. instrumentation date. instruments calibrated partner intercomparison usual traceability route verify traceability chain. irradiance calibration

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148759531

10.1088/1748-9326/aaad73

Modal shifts hold considerable potential to mitigate carbon emissions. Electric bikes (e-bikes) represent a promising energy- and carbon-efficient alternative to cars. However, as mobility behaviour is highly habitual, convincing people to switch from cars to e-bikes is challenging. One strategy to accomplish this is the disruption of existing habits - a key idea behind an annual e-bike promotion programme in Switzerland, in which car owners can try out an e-bike for free over a 2-week period in exchange for their car keys. By means of a longitudinal survey, we measured the long-term effects of this trial on mobility-related habitual associations. After one year, participants' habitual association with car use had weakened significantly. This finding was valid both for participants who bought an e-bike after the trial and those who did not. Our findings contrast the results of other studies who find that the effect of interventions to induce modal shifts wears off over time. We conclude that an e-bike trial has the potential to break mobility habits and motivate car owners to use more sustainable means of transport

E-bike trials’ potential to promote sustained changes in car owners’ mobility habits

e-bike trials’ potential to promote sustained changes in car owners’ mobility habits

modal shifts hold considerable mitigate emissions. bikes bikes promising cars. mobility habitual convincing switch cars bikes challenging. accomplish disruption habits behind bike promotion programme switzerland owners bike week keys. longitudinal mobility habitual associations. habitual weakened significantly. valid bought bike not. interventions induce modal shifts wears time. bike break mobility habits motivate owners sustainable

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152182221

10.1016/j.nima.2008.03.112

An Accelerator Driven System (ADS) consists in the coupling of an accelerator with a nuclear reactor. Such systems will need neutron detectors working in a wide energy range and insensitive to X- and γ-rays. Micromegas technology has been proposed to achieve this goal. The ability of Micromegas to detect neutrons over a wide energy range has already been demonstrated and this detector is, under certain conditions, insensitive to γ-rays. A new Micromegas neutron detector called Piccolo Micromegas has been designed to get integrated neutron fluxes on different energy domains. For the first time, Piccolo Micromegas has been placed in the core of a nuclear reactor at Casaccia in Italy. The configuration of the detector will be presented as well as its functioning and the reasons of its insensitivity to γ-rays. The results of the operation of the detector will also be shown for low reactor power to high reactor power and some improvements will be suggested

Piccolo Micromegas: First in-core measurements in a nuclear reactor

piccolo micromegas: first in-core measurements in a nuclear reactor

accelerator accelerator reactor. neutron detectors insensitive rays. micromegas goal. micromegas detect neutrons insensitive rays. micromegas neutron piccolo micromegas neutron fluxes domains. piccolo micromegas placed reactor casaccia italy. functioning reasons insensitivity rays. reactor reactor improvements

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152369024

10.1016/j.nima.2006.01.107

24 pages, Submitted to NIM A - Collaboration 04-63 : Gamma spectroscopy towards super heavy nuclei at the FLNRWith the aid of the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation package a new detection system has been designed for the focal plane of the recoil separator VASSILISSA situated at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna. GABRIELA (Gamma Alpha Beta Recoil Investigations with the Electromagnetic Analyser VASSILISSA) has been optimised to detect the arrival of reaction products and their subsequent radioactive decays involving the emission of alpha- and beta-particles, fission fragments, gamma- and X-rays, and conversion electrons. The new detector system is described and the results of the first commissioning experiments are presented

GABRIELA : a new detector array for gamma-ray and conversion electron spectroscopy of transfermium elements.

gabriela : a new detector array for gamma-ray and conversion electron spectroscopy of transfermium elements.

pages submitted gamma spectroscopy super nuclei flnrwith geant monte carlo package focal recoil separator vassilissa situated flerov jinr dubna. gabriela gamma alpha beta recoil investigations electromagnetic analyser vassilissa optimised detect arrival radioactive decays involving alpha beta fission fragments gamma rays conversion electrons. commissioning

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157868211

10.1098/rsfs.2016.0152

The idea that development is the expression of information accumulated during evolution and that heredity is the transmission of this information is surprisingly hard to cash out in strict, scientific terms. This paper seeks to do so using the sense of information introduced by Francis Crick in his sequence hypothesis and central dogma of molecular biology. It focuses on Crick's idea of precise determination. This is analysed using an information-theoretic measure of causal specificity. This allows us to reconstruct some of Crick's claims about information in transcription and translation. Crick's approach to information has natural extensions to non-coding regions of DNA, to epigenetic marks, and to the genetic or environmental upstream causes of those epigenetic marks. Epigenetic information cannot be reduced to genetic information. The existence of biological information in epigenetic and exogenetic factors is relevant to evolution as well as to development

Genetic, epigenetic and exogenetic information in development and evolution

genetic, epigenetic and exogenetic information in development and evolution

accumulated heredity surprisingly cash strict terms. seeks francis crick dogma biology. focuses crick precise determination. analysed theoretic causal specificity. reconstruct crick claims translation. crick extensions coding epigenetic marks upstream epigenetic marks. epigenetic information. epigenetic exogenetic

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161852707

10.1007/s00253-011-3311-6

Microalgae of numerous heterotrophic genera (obligate or facultative) exhibit considerable metabolic versatility and flexibility but are currently underexploited in the biotechnological manufacturing of known plant-derived compounds, novel high-value biomolecules or enriched biomass. Highly efficient production of microalgal biomass without the need for light is now feasible in inexpensive, well-defined mineral medium, typically supplemented with glucose. Cell densities of more than 100 g l(-1) cell dry weight have been achieved with Chlorella, Crypthecodinium and Galdieria species while controlling the addition of organic sources of carbon and energy in fedbatch mode. The ability of microalgae to adapt their metabolism to varying culture conditions provides opportunities to modify, control and thereby maximise the formation of targeted compounds with non-recombinant microalgae. This review outlines the critical aspects of cultivation technology and current best practices in the heterotrophic high-cell-density cultivation of microalgae. The primary topics include (1) the characteristics of microalgae that make them suitable for heterotrophic cultivation, (2) the appropriate chemical composition of mineral growth media, (3) the different strategies for fedbatch cultivations and (4) the principles behind the customisation of biomass composition. The review confirms that, although fundamental knowledge is now available, the development of efficient, economically feasible large-scale bioprocesses remains an obstacle to the commercialisation of this promising technology

Best practices in heterotrophic high-cell-density microalgal processes : achievements, potential and possible limitations

best practices in heterotrophic high-cell-density microalgal processes : achievements, potential and possible limitations

microalgae numerous heterotrophic genera obligate facultative exhibit considerable metabolic versatility flexibility underexploited biotechnological manufacturing biomolecules enriched biomass. microalgal biomass feasible inexpensive mineral supplemented glucose. densities chlorella crypthecodinium galdieria controlling fedbatch mode. microalgae adapt metabolism opportunities modify thereby maximise targeted recombinant microalgae. outlines cultivation practices heterotrophic cultivation microalgae. topics microalgae heterotrophic cultivation mineral fedbatch cultivations principles behind customisation biomass composition. confirms economically feasible bioprocesses obstacle commercialisation promising

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16202551

10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.078701

We demonstrate that the self-similarity of some scale-free networks with respect to a simple degree-thresholding renormalization scheme finds a natural interpretation in the assumption that network nodes exist in hidden metric spaces. Clustering, i.e., cycles of length three, plays a crucial role in this framework as a topological reflection of the triangle inequality in the hidden geometry. We prove that a class of hidden variable models with underlying metric spaces are able to accurately reproduce the self-similarity properties that we measured in the real networks. Our findings indicate that hidden geometries underlying these real networks are a plausible explanation for their observed topologies and, in particular, for their self-similarity with respect to the degree-based renormalization

Self-similarity of complex networks and hidden metric spaces

self-similarity of complex networks and hidden metric spaces

similarity thresholding renormalization finds hidden spaces. clustering i.e. cycles plays crucial topological reflection triangle inequality hidden geometry. hidden accurately reproduce similarity networks. hidden geometries plausible explanation topologies similarity renormalization

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163105370

10.1017/aer.2017.30

This work is motivated by the need for low-order aerodynamic models to predict accurately the effect on profile drag of controlling attachment line transition. Head's entrainment method ⁽¹⁾ , a rapid integral boundary layer technique used for design studies on swept wings, suffers from the governing swept-tapered turbulent integral boundary layer equations being ill-posed in the vicinity of the attachment line. This singularity has been treated using crude extrapolations of the attachment-line similarity solution for over half a century, but this approach is unlikely to deliver accurate predictions of the effect of changes in the attachment line flow on profile drag. An experimental study has been carried out to explore the nature of the turbulent flow in the vicinity of a highly swept swept attachment line and has revealed a quite complex, non-monotonic development of the momentum thickness in this region. It has also revealed lower levels of twist in the boundary layer velocity profiles than anticipated from the highly curved character of the inviscid flow streamlines. These observations have prompted an alternative approach to the modelling of the flow in this region which not only successfully eliminates the lack of robustness in the swept-tapered equations but which also matches the experimental results to within ±5%

Measurement and modelling of the turbulent boundary layer near the attachment line of a swept wing

measurement and modelling of the turbulent boundary layer near the attachment line of a swept wing

motivated aerodynamic predict accurately drag controlling attachment transition. entrainment swept wings suffers governing swept tapered turbulent posed vicinity attachment line. singularity crude extrapolations attachment similarity century unlikely deliver attachment drag. explore turbulent vicinity swept swept attachment monotonic region. twist anticipated curved character inviscid streamlines. prompted successfully eliminates robustness swept tapered matches

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163105372

10.1088/0957-0233/26/9/095303

A high precision traverse mechanism with micro-resolution was designed to capture accurately the velocity profile of the very thin turbulent attachment line on a swept body. To ensure that the traverse mechanism could position the hot wire reliably, a simple digital optical system was designed to check the performance of the traverse by measuring the displacement of the hot wire: a vertical displacement of 2.4 µm was achievable and this could be further reduced to 0.6 µm using micro-stepping. Due to the simplicity of the set-up it was equally useful for probe wall positioning and the velocity profiles captured clearly demonstrated that the optical set-up helped in resolving the near wall flow more accurately, regardless of the thinness of the boundary layer. The captured data compare well with the results from similar investigations, with arguably higher precision achieved

A simple digital-optical system to improve accuracy of hot-wire measurements

a simple digital-optical system to improve accuracy of hot-wire measurements

precision traverse micro capture accurately turbulent attachment swept body. ensure traverse wire reliably digital check traverse measuring displacement wire displacement achievable micro stepping. simplicity equally positioning captured helped resolving accurately regardless thinness layer. captured investigations arguably precision

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16412596

10.1016/j.cor.2010.10.029

This paper focuses on the railway rolling stock circulation problem in rapid transit networks, in which frequencies are high and distances are relatively short. Although the distances are not very large, service times are high due to the large number of intermediate stops required to allow proper passenger flow. The main complicating issue is the fact that the available capacity at depot stations is very low, and both capacity and rolling stock are shared between different train lines. This forces the introduction of empty train movements and rotation maneuvers, to ensure sufficient station capacity and rolling stock availability.\ud However, these shunting operations may sometimes be difficult to perform and can easily malfunction, causing localized incidents that could propagate throughout the entire network due to cascading effects. This type of operation will be penalized with the goal of selectively avoiding them and ameliorating their high malfunction probabilities. Critic trains, defined as train services that come through stations that have a large number of passengers arriving at the platform during rush hours, are also introduced.\ud We illustrate our model using computational experiments drawn from RENFE (the main Spanish operator of suburban passenger trains) in Madrid, Spain. The results of the model, achieved in approximately 1 min, have been received positively by RENFE planner

Robust rolling stock in rapid transit network

robust rolling stock in rapid transit network

focuses railway rolling stock circulation transit distances short. distances stops proper passenger flow. complicating depot stations rolling stock shared train lines. forces empty train movements maneuvers ensure station rolling stock availability. shunting operations sometimes malfunction causing localized incidents propagate cascading effects. penalized goal selectively avoiding ameliorating malfunction probabilities. critic trains train come stations passengers arriving platform rush introduced. illustrate drawn renfe spanish suburban passenger trains madrid spain. positively renfe planner

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16412800

10.1016/j.comnet.2012.04.024

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is an application-layer control protocol standardized by the IETF for creating, modifying and terminating multimedia sessions. With the increasing use of SIP in large deployments, the current SIP design cannot handle overload effectively, which may cause SIP networks to suffer from congestion collapse under heavy offered load. This paper introduces a distributed end-to-end overload control (DEOC) mechanism, which is deployed at the edge servers of SIP networks and is easy to implement. By applying overload control closest to the source of traf?c, DEOC can keep high throughput for SIP networks even when the offered load exceeds the capacity of the network. Besides, it responds quickly to the sudden variations of the offered load and achieves good fairness. Theoretic analysis and extensive simulations verify that DEOC is effective in controlling overload of SIP networks

A distributed end-to-end overload control mechanism for networks of SIP servers.

a distributed end-to-end overload control mechanism for networks of sip servers.

session initiation standardized ietf creating modifying terminating multimedia sessions. deployments handle overload effectively suffer congestion collapse offered load. introduces overload deoc deployed servers implement. overload closest traf deoc keep throughput offered exceeds network. besides responds quickly sudden offered achieves fairness. theoretic extensive verify deoc controlling overload

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18523678

10.1007/s00787-009-0073-0

Psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent among incarcerated youth. However, whereas ethnic minority youths are overrepresented in the juvenile justice system, limited research is available on their mental health. In this study, differences in mental health problems between incarcerated adolescents of native Dutch and Moroccan origin, were examined. Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self-Report scores were compared between incarcerated adolescents of native Dutch and Moroccan origin. Their scores were also compared to those of native Dutch and Moroccan immigrant youths in the general, non-incarcerated population. Native Dutch incarcerated adolescents showed higher levels of various mental health problems than incarcerated adolescents with a Moroccan background. Compared to the general population, incarcerated youths showed higher levels of mental health problems, but this deviation was much larger for native Dutch than for Moroccan immigrant youths. These ethnic differences in mental health problems could not be explained by ethnic differences in socio-economic background and social desirable answering tendencies. Incarcerated youths of Moroccan origin show less psychopathology than incarcerated native Dutch youths, which might be explained by disparities in sentencing procedures

Ethnic differences in mental health among incarcerated youths: Do Moroccan immigrant boys show less psychopathology than native Dutch boys?

ethnic differences in mental health among incarcerated youths: do moroccan immigrant boys show less psychopathology than native dutch boys?

psychiatric disorders prevalent incarcerated youth. ethnic minority youths overrepresented juvenile justice health. incarcerated adolescents native dutch moroccan examined. checklist youth incarcerated adolescents native dutch moroccan origin. native dutch moroccan immigrant youths incarcerated population. native dutch incarcerated adolescents incarcerated adolescents moroccan background. incarcerated youths native dutch moroccan immigrant youths. ethnic ethnic socio desirable answering tendencies. incarcerated youths moroccan psychopathology incarcerated native dutch youths disparities sentencing

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19125519

10.1002/malq.200710018

Under the axiom of choice, every first countable space is a Fréchet-Urysohn space. Although, in its absence even R may fail to be a sequential space.Our goal in this paper is to discuss under which set-theoretic conditions some topological classes, such as the first countable spaces, the metric spaces, or the subspaces of R, are classes of Fréchet-Urysohn or sequential spaces.In this context, it is seen that there are metric spaces which are not sequential spaces. This fact raises the question of knowing if the completion of a metric space exists and it is unique. The answer depends on the definition of completion.Among other results it is shown that: every first countable space is a sequential space if and only if the axiom of countable choice holds, the sequential closure is idempotent in R if and only if the axiom of countable choice holds for families of subsets of R, and every metric space has a unique -completion. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/malq.20071001

On countable choice and sequential spaces

on countable choice and sequential spaces

axiom countable fréchet urysohn space. fail sequential space.our goal theoretic topological countable subspaces fréchet urysohn sequential spaces.in sequential spaces. raises knowing completion unique. answer completion.among countable sequential axiom countable sequential closure idempotent axiom countable families subsets completion. wiley verlag gmbh kgaa weinheim malq.

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