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README.md

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+# PIE Dataset Card for "abstrct"
+
+This is a [PyTorch-IE](https://github.com/ChristophAlt/pytorch-ie) wrapper for the AbstRCT dataset ([paper](https://ebooks.iospress.nl/publication/55129) and [data repository](https://gitlab.com/tomaye/abstrct)). Since the AbstRCT dataset is published in the [BRAT standoff format](https://brat.nlplab.org/standoff.html), this dataset builder is based on the [PyTorch-IE brat dataset loading script](https://huggingface.co/datasets/pie/brat).
+
+Therefore, the `abstrct` dataset as described here follows the data structure from the [PIE brat dataset card](https://huggingface.co/datasets/pie/brat).
+
+### Dataset Summary
+
+A novel corpus of healthcare texts (i.e., RCT abstracts on various diseases) from the MEDLINE database, which
+are annotated with argumentative components (i.e., `MajorClaim`, `Claim`, and `Premise`) and relations (i.e., `Support`, `Attack`, and `Partial-attack`),
+in order to support clinicians' daily tasks in information finding and evidence-based reasoning for decision making.
+
+### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards
+
+- **Tasks**: Argumentation Mining, Component Identification, Boundary Detection, Relation Identification, Link Prediction
+- **Leaderboard:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
+
+### Languages
+
+The language in the dataset is English (in the medical/healthcare domain).
+
+### Dataset Variants
+
+The `abstrct` dataset comes in a single version (`default`) with `BratDocumentWithMergedSpans` as document type. Note,
+that this in contrast to the base `brat` dataset, where the document type for the `default` variant is `BratDocument`.
+The reason is that the AbstRCT dataset has already been published with only single-fragment spans.
+Without any need to merge fragments, the document type `BratDocumentWithMergedSpans` is easier to handle for most of the task modules.
+
+### Data Schema
+
+See [PIE-Brat Data Schema](https://huggingface.co/datasets/pie/brat#data-schema).
+
+### Usage
+
+```python
+from pie_datasets import load_dataset, builders
+
+# load default version
+datasets = load_dataset("pie/abstrct")
+doc = datasets["neoplasm_train"][0]
+assert isinstance(doc, builders.brat.BratDocumentWithMergedSpans)
+```
+
+### Document Converters
+
+The dataset provides document converters for the following target document types:
+
+- `pytorch_ie.documents.TextDocumentWithLabeledSpansAndBinaryRelations`
+  - `LabeledSpans`, converted from `BratDocumentWithMergedSpans`'s `spans`
+    - labels: `MajorClaim`, `Claim`, `Premise`
+  - `BinraryRelations`, converted from `BratDocumentWithMergedSpans`'s `relations`
+    - labels:  `Support`, `Partial-Attack`, `Attack`
+
+See [here](https://github.com/ChristophAlt/pytorch-ie/blob/main/src/pytorch_ie/documents.py) for the document type
+definitions.
+
+### Data Splits
+
+| Diseease-based Split                                      |              `neoplasm` |           `glaucoma` |              `mixed` |
+| --------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------: | -------------------: | -------------------: |
+| No.of document <br/>- `_train`<br/>- `_dev`<br/>- `_test` | <br/>350<br/>50<br/>100 | <br/> <br/> <br/>100 | <br/> <br/> <br/>100 |
+
+**Important Note**:
+
+- `mixed_test` contains 20 abstracts on the following diseases: glaucoma, neoplasm, diabetes, hypertension, hepatitis.
+- 31 out of 40 abstracts in `mixed_test` overlap with abstracts in `neoplasm_test` and `glaucoma_test`.
+
+### Label Descriptions
+
+In this section, we describe labels according to [Mayer et al. (2020)](https://ebooks.iospress.nl/publication/55129), as well as our label counts on 669 abstracts.
+
+Unfortunately, the number we report does not correspond to what Mayer et al. reported in their paper (see Table 1, p. 2109).
+Morio et al. ([2022](https://aclanthology.org/2022.tacl-1.37.pdf); p. 642, Table 1), who utilized this corpus for their AM tasks, also reported another number, claiming there were double annotation errors in the original statistic collection (see [reference](https://github.com/hitachi-nlp/graph_parser/blob/main/examples/multitask_am/README.md#qas)).
+
+#### Components
+
+| Components   | Count | Percentage |
+| ------------ | ----: | ---------: |
+| `MajorClaim` |   129 |        3 % |
+| `Claim`      |  1282 |     30.2 % |
+| `Premise`    |  2842 |     66.8 % |
+
+- `MajorClaim` are more general/concluding `claim`'s, which is supported by more specific claims
+- `Claim` is a concluding statement made by the author about the outcome of the study. Claims only points to other claims.
+- `Premise` (a.k.a. evidence)  is an observation or measurement in the study, which supports or attacks another argument component, usually a `claim`. They are observed facts, and therefore credible without further justifications, as this is the ground truth the argumentation is based on.
+
+(Mayer et al. 2020, p.2110)
+
+#### Relations
+
+| Relations                | Count | Percentage |
+| ------------------------ | ----: | ---------: |
+| support: `Support`       |  2289 |       87 % |
+| attack: `Partial-Attack` |   275 |     10.4 % |
+| attack: `Attack`         |    69 |      2.6 % |
+
+- `Support`: All statements or observations justifying the proposition of the target component
+- `Partial-Attack`: when the source component is not in full contradiction, but weakening the target component by constraining its proposition. Usually occur between two claims
+- `Attack`: A component is attacking another one, if it is
+  - i) contradicting the proposition of the target component, or
+  - ii) undercutting its implicit assumption of significance constraints
+- `Premise` can only be connected to either `Claim` or another `Premise`
+- `Claim`'s can only point to other `Claim`'s
+- There might be more than one **outgoing** and/or **incoming relation** . In rare case, there is no relation to another component at all.
+
+(Mayer et al. 2020, p.2110)
+
+## Dataset Creation
+
+### Curation Rationale
+
+"\[D\]espite its natural employment in healthcare applications, only few approaches have applied AM methods to this kind
+of text, and their contribution is limited to the detection
+of argument components, disregarding the more complex phase of
+predicting the relations among them. In addition, no huge annotated
+dataset for AM is available for the healthcare domain (p. 2108)...to support clinicians in decision making or in (semi)-automatically
+filling evidence tables for systematic reviews in evidence-based medicine. (p. 2114)"
+
+### Source Data
+
+[MEDLINE database](https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medline/medline_overview.html)
+
+#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization
+
+Extended from the previous dataset in [Mayer et al. 2018](https://webusers.i3s.unice.fr/~riveill/IADB/publications/2018-COMMA.pdf), 500 medical abstract from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were retrieved directly from [PubMed](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) by searching for titles or abstracts containing the disease name.
+
+(See the definition of RCT in the authors' [guideline](https://gitlab.com/tomaye/abstrct/-/blob/master/AbstRCT_corpus/AnnotationGuidelines.pdf) (Section 1.2) and [US National Library of Medicine](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6235704/))
+
+#### Who are the source language producers?
+
+\[More Information Needed\]
+
+### Annotations
+
+#### Annotation process
+
+"An expert in the medical domain (a pharmacist) validated the annotation
+guidelines before starting the annotation process." (p. 2110)
+
+"Annotation was started after a training phase, where amongst others the component boundaries were topic of discussion. Gold labels
+were set after a reconciliation phase, during which the annotators
+tried to reach an agreement. While the number of annotators vary for
+the two annotation phases (component and relation annotation).
+
+On the annotation of argument components, "IAA among the three annotators has been calculated
+on 30 abstracts, resulting in a Fleiss’ kappa of 0.72 for argumentative
+components and 0.68 for the more fine-grained distinction between
+claims and evidence." (p. 2109)
+
+On the annotation of argumentative relation, "IAA has been calculated on 30 abstracts annotated in parallel by three annotators,
+resulting in a Fleiss’ kappa of
+0.62. The annotation of the remaining abstracts was carried out by
+one of the above mentioned annotators." (p. 2110)
+
+See the [Annotation Guideline](https://gitlab.com/tomaye/abstrct/-/blob/master/AbstRCT_corpus/AnnotationGuidelines.pdf?ref_type=heads) for more information on definitions and annotated samples.
+
+#### Who are the annotators?
+
+Two annotators with background in computational linguistics. No information was given on the third annotator.
+
+### Personal and Sensitive Information
+
+\[More Information Needed\]
+
+## Considerations for Using the Data
+
+### Social Impact of Dataset
+
+"These \[*intelligent*\] systems apply to clinical trials,
+clinical guidelines, and electronic health records, and their solutions range from the automated detection of PICO elements
+in health records to evidence-based reasoning for decision making. These applications highlight the need of clinicians to be supplied with frameworks able to extract, from the huge
+quantity of data available for the different diseases and treatments,
+the exact information they necessitate and to present this information in a structured way, easy to be (possibly semi-automatically)
+analyzed...Given its aptness to automatically detect in text those
+argumentative structures that are at the basis of evidence-based reasoning applications, AM represents a potential valuable contribution
+in the healthcare domain." (p. 2108)
+
+"We expect that our work will have a large impact for clinicians as it
+is a crucial step towards AI supported clinical deliberation at a large
+scale." (p. 2114)
+
+### Discussion of Biases
+
+\[More Information Needed\]
+
+### Other Known Limitations
+
+\[More Information Needed\]
+
+## Additional Information
+
+### Dataset Curators
+
+\[More Information Needed\]
+
+### Licensing Information
+
+- **License**: the AbstRCT dataset is released under a [Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode)
+- **Funding**: This work is partly funded by the French government labelled PIA
+  program under its IDEX UCA JEDI project (ANR-15-IDEX-0001).
+  This work has been supported by the French government, through the
+  3IA Cote d’Azur Investments in the Future project managed by the
+  National Research Agency (ANR) with the reference number ANR19-P3IA-0002
+
+### Citation Information
+
+```
+@inproceedings{mayer2020ecai,
+  author    = {Tobias Mayer and
+               Elena Cabrio and
+               Serena Villata},
+  title     = {Transformer-Based Argument Mining for Healthcare Applications},
+  booktitle = {{ECAI} 2020 - 24th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
+  series    = {Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications},
+  volume    = {325},
+  pages     = {2108--2115},
+  publisher = {{IOS} Press},
+  year      = {2020},
+}
+```
+
+### Contributions
+
+Thanks to [@ArneBinder](https://github.com/ArneBinder) and [@idalr](https://github.com/idalr) for adding this dataset.

abstrct.py

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+from pytorch_ie.documents import TextDocumentWithLabeledSpansAndBinaryRelations
+
+from pie_datasets.builders import BratBuilder, BratConfig
+from pie_datasets.builders.brat import BratDocumentWithMergedSpans
+
+URL = "https://gitlab.com/tomaye/abstrct/-/archive/master/abstrct-master.zip"
+SPLIT_PATHS = {
+    "neoplasm_train": "abstrct-master/AbstRCT_corpus/data/train/neoplasm_train",
+    "neoplasm_dev": "abstrct-master/AbstRCT_corpus/data/dev/neoplasm_dev",
+    "neoplasm_test": "abstrct-master/AbstRCT_corpus/data/test/neoplasm_test",
+    "glaucoma_test": "abstrct-master/AbstRCT_corpus/data/test/glaucoma_test",
+    "mixed_test": "abstrct-master/AbstRCT_corpus/data/test/mixed_test",
+}
+
+
+class AbstRCT(BratBuilder):
+    BASE_DATASET_PATH = "DFKI-SLT/brat"
+    BASE_DATASET_REVISION = "bb8c37d84ddf2da1e691d226c55fef48fd8149b5"
+
+    BUILDER_CONFIGS = [
+        BratConfig(name=BratBuilder.DEFAULT_CONFIG_NAME, merge_fragmented_spans=True),
+    ]
+    DOCUMENT_TYPES = {
+        BratBuilder.DEFAULT_CONFIG_NAME: BratDocumentWithMergedSpans,
+    }
+
+    # we need to add None to the list of dataset variants to support the default dataset variant
+    BASE_BUILDER_KWARGS_DICT = {
+        dataset_variant: {"url": URL, "split_paths": SPLIT_PATHS}
+        for dataset_variant in ["default", None]
+    }
+
+    DOCUMENT_CONVERTERS = {
+        TextDocumentWithLabeledSpansAndBinaryRelations: {
+            "spans": "labeled_spans",
+            "relations": "binary_relations",
+        },
+    }

requirements.txt

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+pie-datasets>=0.4.0,<0.9.0