diff --git "a/lat_en_loeb_v2.json" "b/lat_en_loeb_v2.json" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/lat_en_loeb_v2.json" @@ -0,0 +1,113377 @@ +[ + { + "id": 0, + "la": "Plato omnem naturam rerum, quod eius ad animalia praecipua pertineat, trifariam divisit censuitque esse summos deos", + "en": "1. Plato divided all of nature, at least as it pertains to the principal animate beings, into three parts, and held the gods to be the highest.1" + }, + { + "id": 1, + "la": "Summum, medium et infimum fac intellegas non modo loci disclusione verum etiam naturae dignitate, quae et ipsa neque uno neque gemino modo sed pluribus cernitur", + "en": "But by highest, middle, and lowest you must understand that he meant not only spatial separation but also natural status, which in turn is divided not just into one or two parts but into more." + }, + { + "id": 2, + "la": "Ordiri tamen manifestius fuit a loci dispositione", + "en": "Still, it was clearer for him to start from the disposition in space." + }, + { + "id": 3, + "la": "Nam proinde ut maiestas postulabat, diis immortalibus caelum dicavit, quos quidem deos caelites partim visu usurpamus, alios intellectu vestigamus", + "en": "For as their majesty required, he assigned the heaven to the immortal gods, that is, the gods of heaven of whom we apprehend some visually, while others we study intellectually." + }, + { + "id": 4, + "la": "Ac visu quidem cernimus et coronatum suda tempestate visimus, pictis noctibus severa gratia, torvo decore, \n5\nsuspicientes in hoc perfectissimo mundi, ut ait Ennius, clipeo miris fulguribus variata caelamina", + "en": "Now visually we distinguish we see adorning and crowning the heavenly chorus, sternly graceful and fiercely beautiful in the tapestry of night, \n5\nwhen we raise our eyes to the variegated figures marvelously glowing on what Ennius calls this most perfect shield of heaven.6" + }, + { + "id": 5, + "la": "Ceterum profana philosophiae turba imperitorum, vana sanctitudinis, priva verae rationis, inops religionis, impos veritatis, scrupulosissimo culto, insolentissimo spretu deos neglegit, pars in superstitione, pars in contemptu timida vel tumida", + "en": "3. But the ignorant masses, uninitiated in philosophy, devoid of piety, lacking true reason, deficient in religion, ignorant of truth, neglect the gods by their extremes of scrupulous veneration or insolent neglect, some made timid by superstition, others proud by contempt." + }, + { + "id": 6, + "la": "Hos namque cunctos deos in sublimi aetheris vertice locatos, ab humana contagione procul discretos, plurimi sed non rite venerantur, omnes sed inscie metuunt, pauci sed impie diffitentur", + "en": "You see, all these gods dwell at the highest level of ether,8 far removed from human contact, and many worship them, though incorrectly, all fear them, though ignorantly, few despise them, though impiously." + }, + { + "id": 7, + "la": "Quos deos Plato existimat naturas incorporalis, animalis, neque fine ullo neque exordio, sed prorsus ac retro aeviternas, corporis contagione suapte natura remotas, ingenio ad summam beatitudinem perfecto, nullius extrarii boni participatione sed ex sese bonas et ad omnia competentia sibi promptu facili, simplici, libero, absoluto", + "en": "These gods Plato conceives as incorporate but animate beings, animate, with neither beginning nor end, but eternal through the whole length of time, by their very nature distanced from the contamination of materiality, by their innate perfection supremely blessed, partaking in no external good but good in themselves and with easy, simple, free and complete communication with everything within their sphere." + }, + { + "id": 8, + "la": "Quorum parentem, qui omnium rerum dominator atque auctor est, solutum ab omnibus nexibus patiendi aliquid gerendive, nulla vice ad alicuius rei munia obstrictum, cur ego nunc dicere exordiar,", + "en": "As for their father, the ruler and creator of all things, remote from all links of passive or active contact, not bound by reciprocity to perform any function, why should I now begin to speak of him," + }, + { + "id": 9, + "la": "cum Plato caelesti facundia praeditus, aequiperabilia diis immortalibus disserens, frequentissime praedicet hunc solum maiestatis incredibili quadam nimietate et ineffabili non posse penuria sermonis humani quavis oratione vel modice comprehendi,", + "en": "when Plato, who was endowed with heavenly eloquence, and discoursed in language matching the immortal gods, frequently proclaims that this god alone, having a kind of extraordinary and inexpressible magnitude, cannot be even slightly defined by any utterance because of the poverty of human language?" + }, + { + "id": 10, + "la": "vix sapientibus viris, cum se vigore animi, quantum licuit, a corpore removerunt, intellectum huius dei, id quoque interdum, velut in artissimis tenebris rapidissimo coruscamine lumen candidum intermicare? postremius", + "en": "Even for philosophers, who have detached themselves as best they can from the body by their power of intellect, the conception of this god scarcely does more than flash, and even so only now and then, like a bright light gleaming for the shortest time in the deepest darkness. earth lower than the human one." + }, + { + "id": 11, + "la": "Sed nunc non de errorum disputatione, sed de naturae distributione disserimus", + "en": "But for now the subject of my discourse is not a discussion of error, but the disposition of the natural world." + }, + { + "id": 12, + "la": "Igitur homines ratione gaudentes, oratione pollentes, immortalibus animis, moribundis membris, levibus et anxiis mentibus, brutis et obnoxiis corporibus, dissimilimis moribus, similibus erroribus, pervicaci audacia, pertinaci spe, casso labore, fortuna caduca, singillatim mortales, cunctim tamen [universo genere] perpetui, vicissim sufficienda prole mutabiles, volucri tempore, tarda sapientia, cita morte, querula vita, terras incolunt", + "en": "4. Well, human beings who have the enjoyment of reason and the power of speech, immortal souls, perishable bodies, nimble and inquiring minds, heavy and cumbrous bodies, very dissimilar characters, similar errors, obstinate audacity, unwavering hope, futile struggle, uncertain destiny, who are mortal as individuals and yet immortal as a whole, changing with the repeated replacement of generations, fleeting in duration and late in wisdom, quick to die, fretful in life'these are the inhabitants of the earth." + }, + { + "id": 13, + "la": "nequaquam congruerit, cum alioquin et inter homines, qui fortunae munere opulenti elatus et usque ad regni nutabilem suggestum et pendulum tribunal evectus est, raro aditu sit, longe remotis arbitris in quibusdam dignitatis suae penetralibus degens:", + "en": "us at all about the immortal gods, since in fact on the human plane too, if a man is elevated by the rich generosity of fortune and carried to the unsteady throne and precarious platform of royalty, he is infrequent of access, banishes observers far off and lives as it were in the inner sanctum of his rank;" + }, + { + "id": 14, + "la": "parit enim conversatio contemptum, raritas conciliat admirationem", + "en": "for familiarity breeds contempt, while aloofness earns admiration." + }, + { + "id": 15, + "la": "Quid igitur, orator, obiecerit aliqui, post istam caelestem quidem sed paene inhumanam tuam sententiam faciam, si omnino homines a diis immortalibus procul repelluntur atque ita in haec terrae tartara relegantur, ut omnis sit illis adversus caelestes deos communio denegata, nec quisquam eos e caelitum numero velut pastor vel equiso vel busequa ceu balantium vel hinnientium vel mugientium greges intervisat, qui ferocibus moderetur, morbidis medeatur, egenis opituletur?", + "en": "5. What then, speaker, someone might object, am I to do, after this opinion of yours, heavenly indeed and yet almost inhumane, if humans are driven far off from the immortal gods and so far banished to this underworld of earth that they are denied all communion with the gods above, and not one of the heavenly host comes to visit them as a shepherd, groom or cowherd visits their bleating, neighing or lowing charges so as to calm the violent, heal the sick, help the needy?" + }, + { + "id": 16, + "la": "Nullus, inquis, deus humanis rebus intervenit:", + "en": "No god, you say, intervenes in human affairs." + }, + { + "id": 17, + "la": "cui igitur preces allegabo?", + "en": "To whom then shall I address my prayers?" + }, + { + "id": 18, + "la": "Cui votum nuncupabo?", + "en": "To whom shall I offer a vow?" + }, + { + "id": 19, + "la": "Cui victimam caedam?", + "en": "For whom shall I slaughter a victim?" + }, + { + "id": 20, + "la": "Quem miseris auxiliatorem, quem fautorem bonis, quem adversatorem malis in omni vita ciebo?", + "en": "Whom shall I call on to help the downcast, support the good, confront the wicked at every stage of life?" + }, + { + "id": 21, + "la": "Quem denique, quod frequentissimum est, iuri iurando arbitrum adhibebo?", + "en": "And finally, whom shall I summon to witness an oath, the most frequent need of all?" + }, + { + "id": 22, + "la": "An ut Vergilianus Ascanius", + "en": "Or shall I do as Virgils Ascanius did, and be your sponsor?" + }, + { + "id": 23, + "la": "An ut [se] ferocissimo Mezentio dextra et telum?", + "en": "Will it be your right hand and spear, as it was for that savage Mezentius?" + }, + { + "id": 24, + "la": "Quippe haec sola advenerat, quibus propugnabat:", + "en": "For he reveres only the things that he uses to fight:" + }, + { + "id": 25, + "la": "Non usque adeo, responderit enim Plato pro sententia sua mea voce, non usque adeo, inquit, seiunctos et alienatos a nobis deos praedico, ut ne vota quidem nostra ad illos arbitrer pervenire; neque enim illos a cura rerum humanarum, sed contrectatione sola removi", + "en": "6. I do not (supposing Plato was using my voice to defend his views),I do not assert that the gods are so far separated and estranged from us as to think that not even our prayers can reach them; for I did not dissociate them from concern for human affairs, but only from contact with them." + }, + { + "id": 26, + "la": "Ceterum sunt quaedam divinae mediae potestates inter summum aethera et infimas terras in isto intersitae aeris spatio, per quas et desideria nostra et merita ad eos commeant.", + "en": "Now there are certain intermediate, godlike powers, who are placed between the highest level, the ether, and the lowest, the earth, in this region of air, and they carry both our desires and our good deeds to the gods." + }, + { + "id": 27, + "la": "Hos Graeci nomine daemonas nuncupant, inter caelicolasque vectores hinc precum hinc donorum, qui ultro citro portant hinc petitiones inde suppetias ceu quidam utrisque interpretes et salutigeri", + "en": "These the Greeks call demons, who traveling between those on earth and those in heaven convey prayers from here and gifts from there, and go back and forth carrying requests from here and help from there, as it were ambassadors and goodwill messengers for both." + }, + { + "id": 28, + "la": "Per hos eosdem, ut Plato in Symposio autumat, cuncta denuntiata et magorum varia miracula omnesque praesagiorum species reguntur", + "en": "These same beings, as Plato declares in the Symposium,14 supervise all predictions, the various miracles of magicians, and every type of omen." + }, + { + "id": 29, + "la": "Eorum quippe de numero praediti curant singuli [eorum], proinde ut est cuique tributa provincia, vel somniis conformandis vel extis fissiculandis vel praepetibus gubernandis vel oscinibus erudiendis vel vatibus inspirandis vel fulminibus iaculandis vel nubibus coruscandis ceterisque adeo, per quae futura dinoscimus", + "en": "For particular members of their company are appointed, according to the area assigned to each, to see that dreams are formed, entrails are cloven,15 that birds are guided to fly propitiously and made to sing prophetically, that thunderbolts are hurled, clouds made to flash, and all the other signs by which we foretell the future." + }, + { + "id": 30, + "la": "Quae cuncta caelestium voluntate et numine et auctoritate, sed daemonum obsequio et opera et ministerio fieri arbitrandum est", + "en": "We must believe that all such things occur through the will, power and authority of the heavenly gods, but also by the compliance, service and agency of the demons." + }, + { + "id": 31, + "la": "Horum enim munus atque opera atque cura est, ut Hannibali somnia orbitatem oculi comminentur, Flaminio extispicia periculum cladis praedicant, Attio Navio auguria miraculum cotis addicant;", + "en": "7. For it is their duty, task and concern to ensure that dreams threaten Hannibal with the loss of his eye, that entrails warn Flaminius of the risk of disaster, that bird omens promise Attius Navius the miracle of the whetstone;16" + }, + { + "id": 32, + "la": "item ut nonnullis regni futuri signa praecurrant, ut Tarquinius Priscus aquila obumbretur ab apice, Seruius Tullius flamma colluminetur a capite;", + "en": "similarly to ensure that some receive prior tokens of their future reigns'the eagle that overshadowed Tarquinius Priscus cap, the halo of fire around Servius Tullius head,17" + }, + { + "id": 33, + "la": "postremo cuncta hariolorum praesagia, Tuscorum piacula, fulguratorum bidentalia, carmina Sibyllarum", + "en": "and finally all the prophecies of soothsayers, the expiations of the Etruscans, the sacred enclosures of lightning prophets, the songs of the Sibyls." + }, + { + "id": 34, + "la": "Quae omnia, ut dixi, mediae quaepiam potestates inter homines ac deos obeunt", + "en": "All these, as I have said, are the tasks of certain powers intermediate between men and gods," + }, + { + "id": 35, + "la": "Neque enim pro maiestate deum caelestium fuerit, ut eorum quisquam vel Hannibali somnium fingat, vel Flaminio hostiam corruget, vel Attio Navio avem velificet, vel Sibyllae fatiloquia versificet, vel Tarquinio velit apicem rapere sed reddere, Servio vero inflammare verticem nec exurere", + "en": "for it would not be consonant with the majesty of the gods that one of them should invent a dream for Hannibal, seam a victim for Flamininus,18 guide a birds path for Attius Navus, versify the prophecies of the Sibyl, or agree to snatch and then return Tarquinius cap, and moreover make fire play around Servius head without scorching it." + }, + { + "id": 36, + "la": "Non est operae diis superis ad haec descendere: mediorum divorum ista sortitio est, qui in aeris plagis terrae conterminis nec minus confinibus caelo perinde versantur, ut in quaque parte naturae propria animalia, in aethere volventia, in terra gradientia", + "en": "It is not worth the supreme gods trouble to descend to such tasks: that is the role of the intermediate divinities, who move in regions of the air that border on the earth and at the same time touch the sky, so that each part has its own living beings'those who circle through heaven and those who tread the earth." + }, + { + "id": 37, + "la": "Nam cum quattuor sint elementa notissima, veluti quadrifariam natura magnis partibus disterminata, sintque propria animalia terrarum, , flammarum, siquidem Aristoteles auctor est in fornacibus flagrantibus quaedam [propria] animalia pennulis apta volitare totumque aevum suum in igne deversari, cum eo exoriri cumque eo extingui, praeterea cum totiuga sidera, ut iam prius dictum est, sursum in aethere, id est in ipso liquidissimo ignis ardore, compareant,", + "en": "8. For since there are four very well-known elements, nature being so to speak divided into four major parts, and since earth, water, and fire each have their own particular beings (for Aristotle states that in blazing furnaces there are certain winged creatures that fly about in fire and spend their entire lives there, arising with it and dying with it);19 and since moreover so many stars of every kind, as I have already said, appear above us in the ether, that is, just where the heat of fire is the most intense," + }, + { + "id": 38, + "la": "cur hoc solum quartum elementum aeris, quod tanto spatio intersitum est, cassum ab omnibus, desertum a cultoribus suis natura pateretur, quin in eo quoque aeria animalia gignerentur, ut in igni flammida, in unda fluxa, in terra glebulenta?", + "en": "why then should nature leave only this fourth element of air, which occupies so large a middle space, to be entirely void and empty of its own inhabitants? Why should not aerial beings come into being in air too, as fiery ones do in fire, aquatic ones in sea, earthy ones on earth?" + }, + { + "id": 39, + "la": "Nam quidem qui aves aeri attribuet, falsum sententiae meritissimo dixeris, quippe [quae aves] nulla earum ultra Olympi verticem sublimatur,", + "en": "For indeed if anyone were to attribute the air to birds, one would be quite right in calling him mistaken. No bird soars above the summit of Olympus;" + }, + { + "id": 40, + "la": "qui cum excellentissimus omnium perhibeatur, tamen altitudinem perpendiculo si metiare, ut geometrae autumant, stadia altitudo fastigii non aequiperat, cum sit aeris agmen immensum usque ad citimam lunae helicem, quae porro aetheris sursum versus exordium est", + "en": "though it is rightly believed to be the highest of all mountains, yet if you could measure its height perpendicularly, so the surveyors tell us, the height of its summit is less than ten stades,20 whereas there is an immeasurable volume of air up to the nearest orbit of the moon, where the ether merely begins its upward expanse." + }, + { + "id": 41, + "la": "Quid igitur tanta uis aeris, quae ab humillimis lunae anfractibus usque ad summum Olympi verticem interiacet?", + "en": "What then of this great volume of air, which lies between the lowest revolutions of the moon and the highest peak of Olympus?" + }, + { + "id": 42, + "la": "Quid tandem?", + "en": "What indeed?" + }, + { + "id": 43, + "la": "Vacabitne animalibus suis atque erit ista naturae pars mortua ac debilis?", + "en": "Will it have no being of its own, and will that part of the natural order be dead and defective?" + }, + { + "id": 44, + "la": "Immo enim si sedulo advertas, ipsae quoque aves perterrestre animal, non aerium rectius perhibeantur", + "en": "Why, on a careful consideration, it would be more correct to count even birds as fully terrestrial beings rather than aerial ones," + }, + { + "id": 45, + "la": "Enim semper illis uictus omnis in terra, ibidem pabulum, ibidem cubile;", + "en": "for they pass their whole existence on earth, their sustenance is there, their nest there," + }, + { + "id": 46, + "la": "tantum quod aera proximum terrae volitando transverberant, ceterum cum illis fessa sunt remigia pinnarum, terra ceu portus est", + "en": "except that they fan the air closest to earth in flying through it. Moreover, when their feathered oars grow weary, the earth is as it were their harbor." + }, + { + "id": 47, + "la": "Quod si manifestum flagitat ratio debere propria animalia etiam in aere intellegi, superest ut, quae tandem et cuiusmodi ea sint, disseramus", + "en": "9. But if logic manifestly requires that we understand the air too as containing beings peculiar to itself, it remains for us to discuss just what they are and of what kind." + }, + { + "id": 48, + "la": "Igitur terrena nequaquam, devergant enim pondere, sed nec flammida, ne sursum versus calore rapiantur", + "en": "Now they are certainly not terrestrial, since gravity would pull them down, and yet not fiery, since heat would carry them upward." + }, + { + "id": 49, + "la": "Temperanda est ergo nobis pro loci medietate media natura, ut ex regionis ingenio sit etiam cultoribus eius ingenium", + "en": "We must therefore compound a intermediate nature appropriate to their intermediate position, so that the nature of the region suits the nature of its inhabitants." + }, + { + "id": 50, + "la": "Cedo igitur mente formemus et gignamus animo id genus corporum texta, quae neque tam bruta quam terrea neque tam levia quam aetheria,", + "en": "So come, let us mentally shape and imaginatively create bodily textures not as coarse as earthly ones, and yet not as light as ethereal ones," + }, + { + "id": 51, + "la": "sed quodam modo utrimque seiugata vel enim utrimque commixta sint, sive amolita seu modificata utriusque rei participatione: sed facilius ex utroque quam ex neutro intellegentur", + "en": "but in some way distinct from both, or indeed compounded from both, according as they have either no portion of either element or a mixed one (though they are more easily imagined as consisting of both than of neither)." + }, + { + "id": 52, + "la": "Habeant igitur haec daemonum corpora et modicum ponderis, ne ad superna inscendant, aliquid levitatis, ne ad inferna praecipitentur", + "en": "Let therefore these demonic bodies have both a modicum of weight to prevent them from rising to the heavens, and a certain lightness to prevent them from plunging to the depths." + }, + { + "id": 53, + "la": "Quod ne vobis videar poetico ritu incredibilia confingere, dabo primum exemplum huius libratae medietatis, neque enim procul ab hac corporis subtilitate nubes concretas videmus;", + "en": "10. But so that you do not think I am fabricating what is impossible to believe, as a poet does, I will give a first example of this balanced middle state. You see, this fineness of volume is not much different from what we see in the composition of clouds." + }, + { + "id": 54, + "la": "quae si usque adeo leves forent ut ea quae omnino carent pondere, numquam infra iuga, ut saepenumero animadvertimus, gravatae caput editi montis ceu quibusdam curvis torquibus coronarent:", + "en": "If these were as light as things entirely weightless, they would never sink below the highest peaks, as we often observe them doing, and they would not wreathe the summit of a lofty mountain with a kind of circular collar." + }, + { + "id": 55, + "la": "porro si suapte natura spissae tam graves forent ut nulla illas vegetioris levitatis admixtio sublevaret, profecto non secus quam plumbi raudus et lapis suopte nisu caducae terris inliderentur", + "en": "Furthermore, if their inherent density made them so heavy that no admixture of active lightness sustained them, their own gravity would surely bring them crashing down to earth like stones or lumps of lead." + }, + { + "id": 56, + "la": "Nunc enimvero pendulae et mobiles huc atque illuc vice navium in aeris pelago ventis gubernantur, paululum immutantes proximitate et longinquitate", + "en": "As it is, they are in fact floating and mobile, steered this way and that by the winds like ships in the skys expanse, gradually changing as they get closer together or more distant." + }, + { + "id": 57, + "la": "Quippe si aliquo umore fecundae sunt, veluti ad fetum edendum deorsus degrassantur, atque ideo umectiores humilius meant aquilo agmine, tractu segniore;", + "en": "For if they are pregnant with any moisture, they bear down as if to discharge their offspring, and hence being more moist they move in a dark mass gradually advancing;" + }, + { + "id": 58, + "la": "sudis vero sublimior cursus est, cum lanarum velleribus similes aguntur, cano agmine, volatu perniciore", + "en": "if dry, however, they fly higher, driven along like flocks of wool, in a white mass swiftly flying." + }, + { + "id": 59, + "la": "Nonne audis, quid super tonitru Lucretius facundissime disserat?", + "en": "Do you not hear Lucretius very expressive description of thunder?21" + }, + { + "id": 60, + "la": "Quod si nubes sublime volitant, quibus omnis et exortus est terrenus et retro defluxus in terras, quid tandem censes daemonum corpora, quae sunt concretio multo tanta subtilior?", + "en": "11. But if clouds fly on high, though they arise entirely from the earth and shed their moisture back onto the earth, whatever do you suppose the bodies of spirits to be, when their substance is so very much finer?" + }, + { + "id": 61, + "la": "Non enim ex hac faeculenta nubecula et umida caligine conglobata, sicuti nubium genus est, sed ex illo purissimi aeris liquido et sereno elemento coalita eoque nemini hominum temere visibilia, nisi divinitus speciem sui offerant,", + "en": "For they are not compounded from this dirty, dank, dark fog, as is the nature of clouds, but coalesce out of that clear, calm element of the purest air, and hence are not readily visible to any human unless by divine favor they permit themselves to be seen;" + }, + { + "id": 62, + "la": "quod nulla in illis terrena soliditas locum luminis occuparit, quae nostris oculis possit obsistere, qua soliditate necessario offensa acies immoretur,", + "en": "since they do not have an earthly solidity that provides a place to catch the light, a solidity that will necessarily meet our gaze and make it linger." + }, + { + "id": 63, + "la": "sed fila corporum possident rara et splendida et tenuia usque adeo ut radios omnis nostri tuoris et raritate transmittant et splendore reverberent et subtilitate frustrentur", + "en": "Rather, their bodies are made of such sparse, bright, fine strands that their sparsity transmits all the rays of our vision,22 their brightness dazzles them, their fineness eludes them." + }, + { + "id": 64, + "la": "Hinc est illa Homerica Minerva, quae mediis coetibus Graium cohibendo Achilli intervenit", + "en": "This explains Homers famous Minerva, who passed though the middle of the Greek army to check Achilles." + }, + { + "id": 65, + "la": "Versum Graecum, si paulisper opperiamini, Latine enuntiabo'atque adeo hic sit impraesentiarum: Minerva igitur, ut dixi, Achilli moderando iussu Iunonis advenit:", + "en": "If you wait a moment, I will cite the Greek verse in Latin, and indeed here it is right away. Minerva then, as I said, comes on Junos orders to calm Achilles:" + }, + { + "id": 66, + "la": "Hinc et illa Vergiliana Iuturna, quae mediis milibus auxiliabunda fratri conversatur", + "en": "This also explains the famous Juturna in Virgil, who when aiding her brother amid a vast throng addresses him" + }, + { + "id": 67, + "la": "Ac ne ceteros longius persequar, ex hoc ferme daemonum numero poetae solent haudquaquam procul a veritate osores et amatores quorundam hominum deos fingere:", + "en": "12. But not to go on and enumerate the rest, this is more or less the class of demons on which poets usually draw, not without a certain truth, when they depict gods as hating or loving certain humans," + }, + { + "id": 68, + "la": "hos prosperare et evehere, illos contra adversari et affligere;", + "en": "and say that they support and exalt some men, while by contrast they oppose and crush others," + }, + { + "id": 69, + "la": "igitur et misereri et indignari et angi et laetari omnemque humani animi faciem pati, simili motu cordis et salo mentis ad omnes cogitationum aestus fluctuare", + "en": "and hence that they feel pity, resentment, sorrow, joy, and every state of the human mind, and when their hearts are moved and their minds in turmoil like ours, they waver with every surge of thought." + }, + { + "id": 70, + "la": "Quae omnes turbelae tempestatesque procul a deorum caelestium tranquillitate exulant;", + "en": "But all these billows and storms are far removed from the tranquility of the heavenly gods," + }, + { + "id": 71, + "la": "cuncti enim caelites semper eodem statu mentis aeterna aequabilitate potiuntur,", + "en": "since all the heavenly ones forever enjoy the same state of mind in an eternal invariability." + }, + { + "id": 72, + "la": "qui numquam illis nec ad dolorem versus nec ad voluptatem finibus suis pellitur, nec quoquam a sua perpetua secta ad quempiam subitum habitum demovetur'nec alterius vi, nam nihil est deo potentius, neque suapte natura, nam nihil est deo perfectius", + "en": "This state of theirs is never driven from its limits into either pain or pleasure, and nothing diverts it from its everlasting course into any sudden state'neither external force, for nothing is more powerful than godhead, nor their own choice, for nothing is more perfect than godhead." + }, + { + "id": 73, + "la": "Porro autem qui potest videri perfectus fuisse, qui a priore statu ad alium rectiorem statum migrat, cum praesertim nemo sponte capessat nova, nisi quem paenituit priorum?", + "en": "And indeed how can anyone be thought perfect from the moment of his creation if he shifts from a previous state to another, higher one, especially since no one consciously desires what is new unless he disavows what is past?" + }, + { + "id": 74, + "la": "Non potest enim subsequi illa mutata ratio sine praecedentium infirmatione", + "en": "For such a change of mind cannot occur without repudiation of all that precedes." + }, + { + "id": 75, + "la": "Quapropter debet deus nullam perpeti vel odii vel amoris temporalem perfunctionem, et idcirco nec indignatione nec misericordia contingi, nullo angore contrahi, nulla alacritate gestire, sed ab omnibus animi passionibus liber nec dolere umquam, nec aliquando laetari, nec aliquid repentinum velle vel nolle", + "en": "It must therefore be that a god experiences no transitory access of either hatred or love, and therefore is not touched either by resentment or by pity, nor depressed by any sorrow or uplifted by any joy, but is free from all passions of the mind, neither once grieves nor occasionally rejoices, and never feels a sudden desire or aversion." + }, + { + "id": 76, + "la": "Sed et haec cuncta et id genus cetera daemonum mediocritati rite congruunt", + "en": "13. On the other hand, all such feelings and all like them precisely suit the intermediate position of demons." + }, + { + "id": 77, + "la": "Sunt enim inter nos ac deos ut loco regionis ita ingenio mentis intersiti, habentes communem cum superis immortalitatem, cum inferis passionem", + "en": "For just as they are placed between us and the gods in their physical location, so they are in their mental nature, having immortality in common with those above, but emotionality with those below." + }, + { + "id": 78, + "la": "Nam proinde ut nos, pati possunt omnia animorum placamenta vel incitamenta, ut et ira incitentur et misericordia flectantur et donis inuitentur et precibus leniantur et contumeliis exasperentur et honoribus mulceantur, aliisque omnibus ad similem nobis modum varient", + "en": "For just as we are, they are capable of experiencing everything that calms or irritates the mind, so that anger rouses them, pity moves them, gifts attract them, prayers mollify them, abuse infuriates them, honors appease them, and they change with every other such stimulus just as we do." + }, + { + "id": 79, + "la": "Quippe, ut fine comprehendam, daemones sunt genere animalia, ingenio rationabilia, animo passiva, corpore aeria, tempore aeterna", + "en": "For, to define them comprehensively, demons are living beings by species, rational ones by nature, emotional in mind, aerial in body, eternal in time." + }, + { + "id": 80, + "la": "Ex his quinque, quae commemoravi, tria a principio eadem quae nobis sunt, quartum proprium, postremum commune cum diis immortalibus habent, sed differunt ab his passione", + "en": "Of these five qualities that I have mentioned, the first three they share with us, the fourth is peculiar to them, the last they share with the gods, though they differ from these in respect to emotionality." + }, + { + "id": 81, + "la": "Quae propterea passiva non absurde, ut arbitror, nominavi, quod sunt iisdem, quibus nos, turbationibus mentis obnoxii", + "en": "The term I have used for these beings, emotional, is not inappropriate, I think, since they are subject to the same fluctuations of mind as we are." + }, + { + "id": 82, + "la": "Unde etiam religionum diversis observationibus et sacrorum variis suppliciis fides impertienda est, esse nonnullos ex hoc divorum numero, qui nocturnis vel diurnis, promptis vel occultis, laetioribus vel tristioribus hostiis vel caerimoniis vel ritibus gaudeant,", + "en": "14. For this reason, we should also accept what the diversity of religious observances and the variety of sacred offerings tell us'that some in this category of divine beings take pleasure in sacrifices, in ceremonies or rites that are performed by night or by day, openly or secretly, in joy or in sorrow." + }, + { + "id": 83, + "la": "uti Aegyptia numina ferme plangoribus, Graeca plerumque choreis, barbara autem strepitu cymbalistarum et tympanistarum et choraularum", + "en": "For instance, Egyptian divinities generally take pleasure in lamentation, Greek ones usually in dances, but barbarian ones in the noise of cymbal players, drummers, and choral pipers." + }, + { + "id": 84, + "la": "Itidem pro regionibus et cetera in sacris differunt longe varietate: pomparum agmina, mysteriorum silentia, sacerdotum officia, sacrificantium obsequia, item deorum effigiae et exuviae, templorum religiones et regiones, hostiarum cruores et colores", + "en": "So also in the matter of rites there is a great diversity by region'in the formation of processions, the silence of mysteries, the duties of priests, the rules of sacrifice, and similarly in the images and ornaments of gods, the liturgy and placement of temples, the blood and the color of sacrificial victims." + }, + { + "id": 85, + "la": "Quae omnia pro cuiusque more loci sollemnia et rata sunt, ut plerumque somniis et vaticinationibus et oraculis comperimus saepenumero indignata numina, si quid in sacris socordia vel superbia neglegatur", + "en": "All these things are traditional and determined according to the custom of each place, and hence we usually learn from dreams, prophecies and oracles that divine powers often feel anger if carelessness or disdain causes any detail of their rites to be neglected." + }, + { + "id": 86, + "la": "Cuius generis mihi exempla adfatim suppetunt, sed adeo celebrata et frequentata sunt ut nemo ea commemorare adortus sit, quin multo plura omiserit quam recensuerit", + "en": "I could cite an abundance of such examples, but they are so well known and so familiar that no one undertaking to list them could fail to omit many more than he included." + }, + { + "id": 87, + "la": "Idcirco supersedebo impraesentiarum in his rebus orationem occupare, quae si non apud omnis certam fidem, at certe penes cunctos notitiam promiscuam possident", + "en": "For the moment, therefore, I will refrain from spending more of my speech on these topics, which do not carry conviction for everyone, but at least are generally known everywhere." + }, + { + "id": 88, + "la": "Id potius praestiterit Latine dissertare, varias species daemonum philosophis perhiberi, quo liquidius et plenius de praesagio Socratis deque eius amico numine cognoscatis", + "en": "It will perhaps be better to discuss in Latin how philosophers represent the various types of demons, to give you a clearer and fuller understanding of Socrates foreknowledge and of the power that befriended him." + }, + { + "id": 89, + "la": "Nam quodam significatu et animus humanus etiam nunc in corpore situs daemon nuncupatur: beatos, quorum daemon bonus, id est animus, virtute perfectus est", + "en": "15. In a certain sense the human soul too, even when still residing in the body, is called a daemon: that the term eudaimones is applied to those blessed ones who have a good daemon, that is, a mind of perfect virtue." + }, + { + "id": 90, + "la": "Eum nostra lingua, ut ego interpretor, haud sciam an bono, certe quidem meo periculo, poteris genium vocare, quod is deus, qui est animus sui cuique, quamquam sit immortalis, tamen quodam modo cum homine gignitur,", + "en": "In our language, to give a translation that is perhaps not the best, but at any rate one I will venture to give, you could call a daemon a genius, because the god that is everyones soul, though immortal, nevertheless is jointly engendered with him as a human being." + }, + { + "id": 91, + "la": "ut eae preces, quibus genium et genua precamur, coniunctionem nostram nexumque videantur mihi obtestari, corpus atque animum duobus nominibus comprehendentes, quorum communio et copulatio sumus", + "en": "Hence those prayers that people address to the genius and to the knees seem to me to prove our interconnection and our link, since they use two nouns to cover soul and body, of which we are the combined and linked expression.28" + }, + { + "id": 92, + "la": "postea ab hominibus praediti fanis et caerimoniis vulgo advertuntur,", + "en": "and afterward have shrines and rites granted them by humans as divine powers, and are generally recognized;" + }, + { + "id": 93, + "la": "ut in Boeotia Amphiaraus, in Africa Mopsus, in Aegypto Osiris, alius alibi gentium, Aesculapius ubique", + "en": "such are Amphiaraus in Boeotia, Mopsus in Africa, Osiris in Egypt, others in other lands, and Asclepius everywhere.30" + }, + { + "id": 94, + "la": "Verum haec omnis distributio eorum daemonum fuit, qui quondam in corpore humano fuere", + "en": "16. Now, all these distinctions concerned those spirits who once occupied a human body." + }, + { + "id": 95, + "la": "Sunt autem non posteriore numero, praestantiore longe dignitate, superius aliud, augustius genus daemonum, qui semper a corporis compedibus et nexibus liberi certis potestatibus curant, quorum e numero Somnus atque Amor diversam inter se vim possident, Amor vigilandi, Somnus soporandi", + "en": "But there is another class of spirits, higher and more venerable, not fewer in number but far superior in rank, who have always been free from the shackles and ties of the body, and are responsible for certain functions. Among these are Sleep and Love, who have opposite powers, Love to keep us awake and Sleep to make us sleep." + }, + { + "id": 96, + "la": "Ex hac igitur sublimiore daemonum copia Plato autumat singulis hominibus in vita agenda testes et custodes singulos additos, qui nemini conspicui semper adsint, arbitri omnium non modo actorum verum etiam cogitatorum", + "en": "Well, among this crowd of higher spirits, so Plato affirms, particular ones are set over particular persons to be witnesses and guardians in the course of their life; visible to no one, they are always at hand, observing not only their actions but their thoughts too.31" + }, + { + "id": 97, + "la": "At ubi vita edita remeandum est, eundem illum, qui nobis praeditus fuit, raptare ilico et trahere veluti custodiam suam ad iudicium atque illic in causa dicenda assistere, si qua commentiatur, redarguere, si qua vera dicat, asseverare; prorsus illius testimonio ferri sententiam", + "en": "But when our life is done and we must return, the same spirit who had been set over us immediately catches us and drags us before the judgment seat as if we were his prisoners, and there he stands beside us as we plead our case, refuting any lies we tell and corroborating us in any truths; in short, his testimony determines the verdict that is handed down." + }, + { + "id": 98, + "la": "Deinde uos omnes, qui hanc Platonis divinam sententiam me interprete auscultatis, ita animos vestros ad quaecumque agenda vel meditanda formate,", + "en": "Accordingly, all of you listening to this inspired doctrine of Plato, whose mouthpiece I am, must regulate your minds in all your actions or intentions," + }, + { + "id": 99, + "la": "ut sciatis nihil homini prae istis custodibus nec intra animum nec foris esse secreti, quin omnia curiose ille participet;", + "en": "in the knowledge that a human being has no secret from those guardians, either within his mind or without; no, they involve themselves attentively in everything," + }, + { + "id": 100, + "la": "omnia visitet, omnia intellegat, in ipsis penitissimis mentibus vice conscientiae deversetur", + "en": "see everything, learn everything, and dwell in the very recesses of the mind as conscience does." + }, + { + "id": 101, + "la": "Hic, quem dico, privus custos, singularis praefectus, domesticus speculator, proprius curator, intimus cognitor, assiduus obseruator, individuus arbiter, inseparabilis testis, malorum improbator, bonorum probator;", + "en": "This being that I talk of is a personal guardian, single overseer, household watchman, private caretaker, intimate acquaintance, tireless observer, inescapable onlooker, inseparable witness, who reproves your bad deeds and approves your good ones." + }, + { + "id": 102, + "la": "si rite animadvertatur, sedulo cognoscatur, religiose colatur ita ut a Socrate iustitia et innocentia cultus est, in rebus incertis prospector, dubiis praemonitor, periculosis tutator, egenis opitulator;", + "en": "Provided that he receives proper notice, attentive recognition, scrupulous worship, as Socrates worshiped his in justice and innocence, he alerts you in uncertainty, forewarns you in doubt, protects you in danger, supports you in need;" + }, + { + "id": 103, + "la": "qui tibi queat tum insomniis, tum signis, tum etiam fortasse coram, cum usus postulat, mala averruncare, bona prosperare, humilia sublimare, nutantia fulcire, obscura clarare, secunda regere, adversa corrigere", + "en": "by dreams or omens, or perhaps in person if the situation demands, he can sweep away what is evil and promote what is good, raise up what is cast down, steady what is tottering, illuminate what is dark, guide success and undo failure." + }, + { + "id": 104, + "la": "Igitur mirum, si Socrates, vir adprime perfectus et Apollinis quoque testimonio sapiens, hunc deum suum cognovit et coluit, ac propterea eius custos'prope dicam, Lar contubernio familiaris'cuncta et arcenda arcuit et praecavenda praecavit et praemonenda praemonuit?", + "en": "17. Is it then surprising if a man of complete perfection such as Socrates, to whose wisdom even Apollo testified,32 recognized and worshiped this being as his god,33 and therefore his guardian'I might almost say, his household lar because of their cohabitation'averted whatever needed to be averted, anticipated whatever needed anticipating, foretold whatever needed foretelling?" + }, + { + "id": 105, + "la": "Sicubi tamen intersaeptis sapientiae officiis non consilio sed praesagio indigebat, ut ubi dubitatione clauderet, ibi divinatione consisteret?", + "en": "Though if at any time his wisdom could not serve him and he needed foreknowledge rather than advice, he was sustained by divination when he was hobbled by doubt." + }, + { + "id": 106, + "la": "Multa sunt enim, multa de quibus etiam sapientes viri ad hariolos et oracula cursitent", + "en": "For there are many, many questions which cause even men of wisdom to turn to soothsayers and oracles." + }, + { + "id": 107, + "la": "An non apud Homerum, ut quodam ingenti speculo, clarius cernis haec duo distributa, seorsus divinationis, seorsus sapientiae officia?", + "en": "Do we not clearly see in Homer, as if in a vast mirror, these two functions separated, those of divination on the one side and those of wisdom on the other?" + }, + { + "id": 108, + "la": "Nam cum duo columina totius exercitus dissident, Agamemnon regno pollens et Achilles bello potens, desideraturque vir facundia laudatus et peritia memoratus, qui Atridae superbiam sedet, Pelidae ferociam compescat atque eos auctoritate advertat, exemplis moneat, oratione permulceat, quis igitur tali in tempore medius ad dicendum exortus est?", + "en": "For when the two pillars of the whole army are at loggerheads, Agamemnon the supreme king and Achilles the mighty warrior, and the times call for a man of renowned eloquence and acknowledged experience to lower the pride of Atrides, check the fury of Pelides, influence them both by his authority, advise them by past examples, and calm them by speech, who at such a juncture rose up between them to speak?" + }, + { + "id": 109, + "la": "Nempe Pylius orator, eloquio comis, experimentis catus, senecta venerabilis, cui omnes sciebant corpus annis hebere, animum prudentia vigere, verba dulcedine affluere", + "en": "The Pylian orator, of course34'mild and eloquent, canny and experienced, ancient and authoritative, whom all knew to have a body weakened by age, a mind vigorous and prudent, and a style of speaking fluent and agreeable." + }, + { + "id": 110, + "la": "Itidem cum rebus creperis et afflictis speculatores deligendi sunt, qui nocte intempesta castra hostium penetrent, nonne Vlixes cum Diomede deliguntur veluti consilium et auxilium, mens et manus, animus et gladius?", + "en": "18. Similarly, in murky and difficult situations, when scouts must be chosen to infiltrate the enemy camp at dead of night, does not the choice fall on Ulysses and Diomedes to represent intelligence and assistance, brain and brawn, mind and sword?35" + }, + { + "id": 111, + "la": "Enimvero cum apud Aulidem desidibus et obsessis ac taedio abnuentibus difficultas belli et facultas itineris et tranquillitas maris et clementia ventorum per fibrarum notas et alitum vias et serpentium escas exploranda , tacent nempe mutuo duo illa sapientiae Graiae summa cacumina, Ithacensis et Pylius:", + "en": "Moreover, when the Greeks were at Aulis, idled, blockaded, and ready to give up from fatigue, and needed to test whether the war would be difficult, the journey easy, the sea calm, and the winds favorable by means of omens from entrails, the paths of birds, and the scraps fed to snakes, of course those two peers of Greek wisdom, the Ithacan and the Pylian, were both alike silent:" + }, + { + "id": 112, + "la": "Calchas autem longe praestabilis hariolari simul alites et altaria et arborem contemplatus est, actutum sua divinatione et tempestates flexit et classem deduxit et decennium praedixit", + "en": "but Calchas, a seer of outstanding skill, as soon as he had observed birds, altars, and a tree, immediately averted storms, launched the fleet, and predicted the ten years by the power of his foresight.37" + }, + { + "id": 113, + "la": "Non secus et in Troiano exercitu cum divinatione res indigent, tacet ille sapiens senatus, nec audet aliquid pronuntiare vel Hicetaon vel Lampo vel Clytius, sed omnes silentio auscultant aut ingrata auguria Heleni aut incredita vaticinia Cassandrae", + "en": "So also in the Trojan army, when the situation called for divination, that wise counsel of elders was mute, neither Hicetaon, Lampo nor Clytius dared utter a word, but all listened in silence to Helenus predictions that they did not welcome or to Cassandras prophecies that they did not believe." + }, + { + "id": 114, + "la": "Ad eundem modum Socrates quoque, sicubi locorum aliena sapientiae officiis consultatio ingruerat, ibi vi daemonis praesagiari egebat", + "en": "In the same way, if Socrates too anywhere stood in need of advice that his wisdom was unable to supply, he needed to be warned by his demons power;" + }, + { + "id": 115, + "la": "Verum eius monitis sedulo oboediebat eoque erat deo suo longe acceptior", + "en": "and yet he followed its advice scrupulously, and thus became even more favored by his god." + }, + { + "id": 116, + "la": "Quod autem incepta Socratis quaepiam daemon ille ferme prohibitum ibat, numquam adhortatum, quodam modo ratio praedicta est", + "en": "19. But as to why the demon sometimes moved to check some of Socrates undertakings, but never to encourage them, I have in a way already given the reason." + }, + { + "id": 117, + "la": "Enim Socrates, utpote vir adprime perfectus, ex sese ad omnia congruentia sibi officia promptus, nullo adhortatore umquam indigebat, at vero prohibitore nonnumquam, si quibus forte conatibus eius periculum suberat, ut monitus praecaveret, omitteret coepta impraesentiarum, quae tutius vel postea capesseret vel alia via adoriretur", + "en": "As a perfect human being, ready of his own accord to perform every duty appropriate for him, Socrates never needed prompting, and yet did sometimes did need restraining when he happened to be embarked on a path across some concealed danger, so that after consultation he might plan ahead, and briefly abandon his intention, either to resume it later at less risk or to go about it some other way." + }, + { + "id": 118, + "la": "Quippe etiam semotis arbitris uno cum Phaedro extra pomerium sub quodam arboris opaco umbraculo signum illud adnuntium sensit, ne prius transcenderet Ilissi amnis modicum fluentum, quam increpitu indignatum Amorem recinendo placasset;", + "en": "For even with no bystanders present, when he was alone with Phaedrus outside the city limits in the deep shade of a certain tree, he sensed that same sign warning him not to cross the small stream of the river Ilissus until he had made a recantation to appease Love, whom he had irritated by a tirade." + }, + { + "id": 119, + "la": "cum praeterea, si omina observitaret, aliquando eorum nonnulla etiam hortamenta haberet, ut videmus plerisque usu evenire, qui nimia ominum superstitione non suopte corde sed alterius verbo reguntur, ac per angiporta reptantes consilia ex alienis uocibus colligunt et, ut ita dixerim, non animo sed auribus cogitant", + "en": "Moreover, if he had been an observer of omens, he would have treated some of them as promptings, as we see many people do. Because of their excessive reverence for omens, they let the words of others guide them rather than their own intuition, and they creep down alleyways picking up advice from other peoples remarks, thinking with their ears, so to speak, not with their brains." + }, + { + "id": 120, + "la": "Verum enimvero, ut ista sunt, certe quidem ominum harioli vocem audiunt saepenumero auribus suis usurpatam, de qua nihil cunctentur [de qua sciunt] ex ore humano profectam", + "en": "20. But however that may be, those who prophesy from omens certainly do hear a voice perceived through the ears, and have no doubt that it issues from a human mouth." + }, + { + "id": 121, + "la": "At enim Socrates non vocem sibi sed vocem quampiam dixit oblatam, quo additamento profecto intellegas non usitatam vocem nec humanam significari", + "en": "Socrates, though, did not say that it was a voice that had come to him but a certain voice,41 from which qualification one can readily see that he did not mean an ordinary or human voice." + }, + { + "id": 122, + "la": "Quae si foret, frustra quaepiam, quin potius aut vox aut certe cuiuspiam vox diceretur, ut ait illa Terentiana meretrix: nescit unde ea exorta sit, aut in ipsa aliquid addubitat, aut eam quiddam insolitum et arcanum demonstrat habuisse, ita ut Socrates eam, quam sibi [ac] divinitus editam tempestive accidere dicebat", + "en": "Had that had been so, it would have been pointless to say a certain, but rather a voice or at any rate someones voice, as the prostitute says in Terence, does not know its origin, or is rather unsure about it, or indicates that it had something unusual and mysterious about it, as Socrates did with that voice when he maintained that it came to him at the right moment from heaven." + }, + { + "id": 123, + "la": "Quod equidem arbitror non modo auribus eum verum etiam oculis signa daemonis sui usurpasse, nam frequentius non vocem sed signum divinum sibi oblatum prae se ferebat", + "en": "As to that, my own belief is that he perceived his demons signs not just through the ears but through the eyes too, for he often stated openly that it was not a voice but a heavenly sign that he had received." + }, + { + "id": 124, + "la": "Id signum potest et ipsius daemonis species fuisse, quam solus Socrates cerneret, ita ut Homericus Achilles Minervam", + "en": "That sign may even have been an appearance of the demon itself, perceptible only to Socrates as Minerva was to Achilles in Homer." + }, + { + "id": 125, + "la": "Credo plerosque vestrum hoc, quod commodum dixi, cunctantius credere et impendio mirari formam daemonis Socrati visitatam", + "en": "Most of you, I believe, are reluctant to believe what I have just said, and are greatly surprised to hear that Socrates saw the demons shape;" + }, + { + "id": 126, + "la": "At enim [secundum] Pythagoricos contra mirari oppido solitos, si quis se negaret umquam vidisse daemonem, satis, ut reor, idoneus auctor est Aristoteles", + "en": "and yet the Pythagoreans are usually very surprised if anyone denies ever having seen a demon, according to Aristotle, whose authority I believe to be good." + }, + { + "id": 127, + "la": "Quod si cuivis potest evenire facultas contemplandi divinam effigiem, cur non adprime potuerit Socrati obtingere, quem cuivis amplissimo numini sapientiae dignitas coaequarat?", + "en": "But if any person might be granted the ability to observe a supernatural form, why should it not be vouchsafed to Socrates more than anyone, considering that his degree of wisdom had made him equal to any divinity, however august?" + }, + { + "id": 128, + "la": "Nihil est enim deo similius et gratius quam vir animo perfecte bonus, qui hominibus ceteris antecellit, quam ipse a diis immortalibus distat", + "en": "For there is nothing more similar or more welcome to godhead than a man of perfectly virtuous mind, who is as far above all other men as he is distant from the immortal gods." + }, + { + "id": 129, + "la": "Quin potius nos quoque Socratis exemplo et commemoratione erigimur ac nos secundo studio philosophiae pari similitudini numinum aventes permittimus?", + "en": "21. Let us then be moved to action by the example and memory of Socrates, and, guided by the study of philosophy, let us eagerly devote ourselves to achieving a similar resemblance to the gods." + }, + { + "id": 130, + "la": "De quo quidem nescio qua ratione detrahimur", + "en": "But for some reason we become distracted," + }, + { + "id": 131, + "la": "Et nihil aeque miror quam, cum omnes et cupiant optime vivere et sciant non alia re quam animo vivi nec fieri posse quin, ut optime vivas, animus colendus sit, tamen animum suum non colant", + "en": "and nothing surprises me so much as that everyone wants to live the best kind of life, and furthermore knows that he can have such a life only through the mind, and that there is no other way of living the best life than by improving the mind, and yet he does not improve his own." + }, + { + "id": 132, + "la": "At si quis velit acriter cernere, oculi curandi sunt, quibus cernitur;", + "en": "And yet if one is to see keenly, he must look after the eyes he uses to see;" + }, + { + "id": 133, + "la": "si velis perniciter currere, pedes curandi sunt, quibus curritur;", + "en": "if he wants to run fast, he must look after the feet he uses to run;" + }, + { + "id": 134, + "la": "itidem si pugillare valde velis, brachia vegetanda sunt, quibus pugillatur;", + "en": "so also if you want to be a great boxer, you must exercise the arms you use to box;" + }, + { + "id": 135, + "la": "similiter in omnibus ceteris membris sua cuique cura pro studio est", + "en": "and similarly with all the other parts of the body'the attention one gives to each accords with his profession." + }, + { + "id": 136, + "la": "Quod cum omnes facile perspiciant, nequeo satis mecum reputare et proinde, ut res est, admirari cur non etiam animum suum ratione excolant", + "en": "Since this is something plainly visible to all, I cannot ponder the fact enough, and marvel at it as it deserves, that people do not also improve their minds by use of their reason." + }, + { + "id": 137, + "la": "Quae quidem ratio vivendi omnibus aeque necessaria est, non ratio pingendi nec ratio psallendi, quas quivis bonus vir sine ulla animi vituperatione, sine turpitudine, sine labe contempserit", + "en": "Such a way to live is essential for everyone equally, unlike a way to paint or a way to play the harp, skills that any person of virtue may disregard without any rebuke from his own mind, without disgrace, and without a blush." + }, + { + "id": 138, + "la": "Nescio ut Ismenias tibiis canere, sed non pudet me tibicinem non esse;", + "en": "I cannot play the pipe like Ismenias, but I am not ashamed not to be a piper;" + }, + { + "id": 139, + "la": "nescio ut Apelles coloribus pingere, sed non pudet me non esse significem;", + "en": "I cannot paint in colors like Apelles, but I am not ashamed not to be a painter.45" + }, + { + "id": 140, + "la": "itidem in ceteris artibus, ne omnis persequar, licet tibi nescire, nec pudet", + "en": "So also with the other arts, not to list them all'you can be ignorant of them and not feel ashamed of being so." + }, + { + "id": 141, + "la": "Enimvero dic, sodes: nescio bene vivere, ut Socrates, ut Plato, ut Pythagoras vixerunt, nec pudet me nescire bene vivere; numquam hoc dicere audebis", + "en": "22. On the other hand, just try to say, I do not know how to live the virtuous life as Socrates, Plato, or Pythagoras lived it, but I am not ashamed not to know how to live it: that you will never dare to say." + }, + { + "id": 142, + "la": "Sed cumprimis mirandum est, quod ea, quae minime videri volunt nescire, discere tamen neglegunt et eiusdem artis disciplinam simul et ignorantiam detrectant", + "en": "But what is extremely remarkable, the very things that they least want to seem ignorant of are the ones they refuse to learn, and they belittle both learning the art of life and ignorance of it." + }, + { + "id": 143, + "la": "Igitur cotidiana eorum aera dispungas, invenias in rationibus multa prodige profusa et in semet nihil, in sui dico daemonis cultum, qui cultus non aliud quam philosophiae sacramentum est", + "en": "Hence, if you tot up their daily expenses, their account books will tell you that they spend very lavishly on many things, yet nothing on themselves, by which I mean on care for their own demon, care which simply means devoting themselves to philosophy." + }, + { + "id": 144, + "la": "Plane quidem villas opipare exstruunt et domos ditissime exornant et familias numerosissime comparant", + "en": "Of course, they build lavish country houses, richly decorate their houses in town, and buy vast numbers of slaves," + }, + { + "id": 145, + "la": "Sed in istis omnibus tanta affluentia rerum nihil est praeterquam ipse dominus pudendum, nec iniuria:", + "en": "and yet amid all this, amid so great a mass of possessions, there is nothing to raise a blush except the owner, and for good reason." + }, + { + "id": 146, + "la": "cumulata enim habent, quae sedulo percolunt, ipsi autem horridi, indocti incultique circumeunt", + "en": "For they have heaps of things that they cherish dearly, while they themselves go around shabby, ignorant and uncultivated." + }, + { + "id": 147, + "la": "Igitur illa spectes, in quae patrimonia sua profuderunt:", + "en": "Just look, then, at the things they have lavished their inheritances on:" + }, + { + "id": 148, + "la": "amoenissima et exstructissima et ornatissima deprehendas, villas aemulas urbium conditas, domus vice templorum exornatas, familias numerosissimas et calamistratas, opiparam supellectilem, omnia affluentia, omnia opulentia, omnia ornata praeter ipsum dominum,", + "en": "you will find everything comfortable, lofty, ornate to the last degree, country houses built to look like cities, houses in town fitted out like temples, countless coiffured slaves, luxurious furniture, every sign of abundance, opulence and embellishment except the owner himself." + }, + { + "id": 149, + "la": "qui solus Tantali vice in suis divitiis inops, egens, pauper non quidem fructum illum fugitivum captat et fallacis undae sitit, sed verae beatitudinis, id est secundae vitae et prudentiae fortunatissimae, esurit et sitit, quippe non intellegit aeque divites spectari debere ut equos mercamur", + "en": "He alone is like Tantalus'destitute, needy, poor in the midst of his riches; he does not strain at that elusive fruit and thirst for that deceptive water, but hungers and thirsts for true blessedness, that is, for a contented life and a full measure of wisdom. He does not understand, you see, that we should examine the rich in the same way as we purchase horses." + }, + { + "id": 150, + "la": "Neque enim in emendis equis phaleras consideramus et baltei polimina inspicimus et ornatissimae cervicis divitias contemplamur,", + "en": "23. For when buying horses too, we do not look at their cheek pieces, examine their polished harnesses, or survey the rich ornaments around their necks," + }, + { + "id": 151, + "la": "si ex auro et argento et gemmis monilia variegata dependent,", + "en": "if they are hung with chains set off with gold, silver and jewels," + }, + { + "id": 152, + "la": "si plena artis ornamenta capiti et collo circumiacent,", + "en": "if highly wrought decorations surround their heads and necks," + }, + { + "id": 153, + "la": "si frena caelata,", + "en": "if their reins are embossed," + }, + { + "id": 154, + "la": "si ephippia fucata,", + "en": "if their saddlecloths are purple dyed," + }, + { + "id": 155, + "la": "si cingula aurata sunt,", + "en": "if their saddle girths gilded." + }, + { + "id": 156, + "la": "sed istis omnibus exuviis amolitis equum ipsum nudum et solum corpus eius et animum contemplamur,", + "en": "No, we remove those trappings and survey the bare horse himself, just his body and his temper," + }, + { + "id": 157, + "la": "ut sit et ad speciem honestus et ad cursuram vegetus et ad vecturam validus:", + "en": "making sure that he is handsome to look at, with a good pace and a strong back:" + }, + { + "id": 158, + "la": "iam primum in corpore si sit praeterea si Haec omnia meus Socrates habuit et ideo cetera habere contempsit", + "en": "in the first place, whether physically he has and in addition change with age. All these attributes my master Socrates had, and so did not care to have those other attributes." + }, + { + "id": 159, + "la": "Quin igitur et tu ad studium sapientiae accingeris vel properas saltem, ut nihil alienum in laudibus tuis audias, sed ut, qui te volet nobilitare, aeque laudet ut Accius Ulixen laudavit in Philocteta suo, in eius tragoediae principio?", + "en": "24. Well then, you too should arm yourself to study philosophy, or at least do so soon, so that the praise you hear includes no externals, and someone wishing to extol your fame lauds you as highly as Accius lauded Ulysses in the opening of his tragedy Philoctetes:49" + }, + { + "id": 160, + "la": "Pervincis tandem et operta musarum mearum, quae initiorum velabat obscuritas, quamquam non profanus, irrumpis, Paule carissime", + "en": "You have your way at last, my dearest Paulus, and, though not uninitiate, are bursting into the secret chambers of my Muses, which the darkness proper to Mysteries once veiled." + }, + { + "id": 161, + "la": "quamvis enim te non eius vulgi existimem, quod Horatius arcet ingressu, tamen sua cuique sacra, neque idem Cereri, quod Libero, etiam sub isdem cultoribus", + "en": "For though I do not regard you as one of that common herd which Horace prevents from entering, yet every god has his own rites, and Ceres is not approached in the same way as Liber, even by the same worshippers." + }, + { + "id": 162, + "la": "poematia, quae in alumnam meam luseram rudia et incohata ad domesticae solacium cantilenae, cum sine metu laterent et arcana securitate fruerentur, proferre ad lucem caligantia coegisti", + "en": "The bits of poems which I had composed on my little maid, playfully and in rough, unfinished form, for the solace which a fire-side ditty gives (since they lay hid without misgiving and enjoyed the confidence of concealment)'these you have forced me to bring forth from their darkness into the light." + }, + { + "id": 163, + "la": "verecundiae meae scilicet spolium concupisti, aut, quantum tibi in me iuris esset, ab invito indicari", + "en": "You have set your mind, assuredly, on winning a triumph over my shyness, or on showing in my despite how great is your power over me." + }, + { + "id": 164, + "la": "ne tu Alexandri Macedonis pervicaciam supergressus, qui, fatalis iugi lora cum solvere non posset, abscidit et Pythiae specum, quo die fas non erat patere, penetravit", + "en": "Indeed you have surpassed in persistence Alexander of Macedon, who, when he could not untie them, cut the thongs which fastened that fateful yoke1 and made his way into the cave of the Pythia1 on a day when it was not permitted to be opened." + }, + { + "id": 165, + "la": "Utere igitur ut tuis, pari iure, sed fiducia dispari: quippe tua possunt populum non timere; meis etiam intra me erubesco vale", + "en": "Make use of these verses, then, as freely, but not as confidently, as though they were your own: for your writings can face the public, mine make me blush even in private. Farewell." + }, + { + "id": 166, + "la": "UT voluisti, Paule, cunctos Bissulae versus habes, lusimus quos in Suebae gratiam virgunculae, otium magis foventes, quam studentes gloriae", + "en": "As you desired, Paulus, you have all the verses of my Bissula'playful verses which I have written in honour of a slip of a Swabian girl, rather amusing my idleness than aiming at renown." + }, + { + "id": 167, + "la": "tu molestus flagitator lege molesta carmina tibi, quod intristi, exedendum est1: sic vetus verbum iubet, compedes, quas ipse fecit, ipsus ut gestet faber", + "en": "Tiresome you have been, so read these tiresome poems which you demanded: you must eat up all the mess you have compounded; or, as the old saw bids:' Let the smith who made them wear The shackles which he did prepare." + }, + { + "id": 168, + "la": "Lectorem Huius Libelli Carminis incompti tenuem lecture libellum, pone supercilium seria contractis expende poemata rugis: nos Thymelen sequimur", + "en": "the Reader of this Little Book You who propose to read this booklet of unpolished verse, smooth out your frown. Weigh sober poems with a knitted brow: I follow Thymele." + }, + { + "id": 169, + "la": "Bissula in hoc scedio cantabitur, haut Erasinus: admoneo, ante bibas", + "en": "Bissula shall be sung in this rough sketch, not Erasinus.3 I warn you fairly: drink before you read." + }, + { + "id": 170, + "la": "ieiunis nil scribo; meum post pocula si quis legerit, hic sapiet", + "en": "This is no reading for a fasting saint; whoso shall read this book after a cup or two, he will be wise." + }, + { + "id": 171, + "la": "sed magis hic sapiet, si dormiet et putet ista somnia missa sibi", + "en": "But he will be wiser still to sleep and think this is a dream sent to him." + }, + { + "id": 172, + "la": "Bissula, trans gelidum stirpe et lare prosata Rhenum, conscia nascentis Bissula Danuvii, capta manu, sed missa manu dominatur in eius deliciis, cuius bellica praeda fuit", + "en": "Bissula, born and bred beyond chilly Rhine, Bissula, privy to the secrets of the Danubes birth, a captive maid, a free girl made,1 she queens it as the pet of him whose spoil of war she was." + }, + { + "id": 173, + "la": "matre carens, nutricis egens, quae nescit herai imperium, domini quae regit ipsa domum,] fortunae ac patriae quae nulla obprobria sensit, illico inexperto libera servitio, sic Latiis mutata bonis, Germana maneret ut facies, oculos caerula, flava comas", + "en": "Lacking a mother, wanting a nurse, she who knows not a mistress control, who herself rules her masters house, who for her lot and native land felt no disgrace, being straightway freed from slavery ere she felt it,'is not so changed by Roman blessings, but that she remains German in features, blue of eyes and fair of hair." + }, + { + "id": 174, + "la": "ambiguam modo lingua facit, modo forma puellam: haec Rheno genitam praedicat, haec Latio", + "en": "A maid of either race now speech, now looks present her: the last declare her a daughter of the Rhine, the first a child of Latium." + }, + { + "id": 175, + "la": "Delicium, blanditiae, ludus, amor, voluptas, barbara, sed quae Latias vincis alumna pupas, Bissula, nomen tenerae rusticulum puellae, horridulum non solitis, sed domino venustum", + "en": "Darling, delight, my pet, my love, my joy! Barbarian and adopted you may be, but you surpass your Roman sister-lasses. Bissula! Tis a clumsy little name for so delicate a girl, an uncouth little name to strangers; but to your master, charming." + }, + { + "id": 176, + "la": "Pictorem de Bissulae Imagine Bissula nec ceris nec fuco imitabilis ullo naturale decus fictae non commodat arti sandyx et cerusa, alias simulate puellas: temperiem hanc vultus nescit manus", + "en": "a Painter: on Bissulas Portrait Bissula, whom no wax nor any paint can imitate, adapts not her natural beauty to the shams of art. Vermilion and white, go picture other girls: the artists skill cannot so blend you as to match this face." + }, + { + "id": 177, + "la": "Away, then, painter, mingle crimson roses and lilies, and let that colour which they give the air be the very colour of her face", + "en": "ergo age, pictor, puniceas confunde rosas et lilia misce, quique erit ex illis color aeris, ipse sit oris." + }, + { + "id": 178, + "la": "Vos etiam, quos nulla mihi cognatio iunxit, set fama et carae relligio patriae, et studium in libris et sedula cura docendi, commemorabo viros morte obita celebres", + "en": "Your memories, too, I will recall as famous men now dead, whom no kinship linked with me, but renown, and the love of our dear country, and zeal of learning, and the industrious toil of teaching." + }, + { + "id": 179, + "la": "fors erit, ut nostros manes sic adserat olim, exemplo cupiet qui pius esse meo", + "en": "Perchance one day another in the same way may make my shade his theme, and after my example will seek to do a pious deed." + }, + { + "id": 180, + "la": "Primus Burdigalae columen dicere, Minervi, alter rhetoricae Quintiliane togae", + "en": "Orator You shall be named first, Minervius, chief ornament of Bordeaux, a second Quintilian to adorn the rhetoricians gown." + }, + { + "id": 181, + "la": "inlustres quondam quo praeceptore fuerunt Constantinopolis, Roma, dehinc patria, non equidem certans cum maiestate duarum, solo set potior nomine, quod patria: adserat usque licet Fabium Calagurris alumnum, non sit Burdigalae dum cathedra inferior", + "en": "Your teaching in its day made glorious Constantinople, Rome,1 and lastly our native town; which, though it cannot vie with that pair in dignity, yet for its name alone is more acceptable, because it is our native place: let Calagurris2 make every claim to Fabius as her son, if the chair of Bordeaux receive no less degree." + }, + { + "id": 182, + "la": "mille foro dedit hic iuvenes, bis mille senatus adiecit numero purpureisque togis;", + "en": "A thousand pupils has Minervius given to the courts, and twice a thousand to the Senates ranks and to the purple robes." + }, + { + "id": 183, + "la": "me quoque: set quoniam multa est praetexta, silebo teque canam de te, non ab honore meo sive panegyricis placeat contendere libris, in Panathenaicis tu numerandus eris;", + "en": "I, too, was of that number; but since my consulship is so great a theme, I will refrain, and praise you for yourself and not through my distinctions. Should panegyric be the field of rivalry, then must you be classed with the orator of the Panathenaicus;" + }, + { + "id": 184, + "la": "seu libeat fictas ludorum evolvere lites, ancipitem palmam Quintilianus habet dicendi torrens tibi copia, quae tamen aurum, non etiam luteam volveret inluviem", + "en": "or if the test be to develop the mock law-suits of our schools, Quintilian must look to his laurels. Your speech was like a torrent in full spate, yet one which whirled down pure gold without muddy sediment." + }, + { + "id": 185, + "la": "et Demosthenicum, quod ter primum ille vocavit, in te sic viguit, cedat ut ipse tibi anne et divini bona naturalia doni adiciam, memori quam fueris animo, audita ut vel lecta semel ceu fixa teneres, auribus et libris esset ut una fides?", + "en": "As for that art2 in Demosthenes which that great man thrice over called the orators chief virtue, it was so strong in you that the master himself gives place to you. Shall I speak also of your natural gifts and that divine blessing, your memory, which was so prodigious that you retained what you had heard or read over once as though it were engraven on your mind, and that your ear was as retentive as a book?" + }, + { + "id": 186, + "la": "vidimus et quondam tabulae certamine longo omnes, qui fuerant, te numerasse bolos, alternis vicibus quot praecipitante rotatu fundunt excisi per cava buxa gradus: narrantem fido per singula puncta recursu, quae data, per longas quae revocata moras", + "en": "Once, after a long contested game,3 I have seen you tell over all the throws made by either side when the dice were tipped out with a sharp spin over the fillets cut out in the hollowed boxwood of the dicebox; and recount move by move, without mistake, which pieces had been lost, which won back, through long stretches of the game." + }, + { + "id": 187, + "la": "nullo felle tibi mens livida, tum sale multo lingua dicax blandis et sine lite iocis", + "en": "No malice ever blackened your heart: your tongue, though free and full of wit, indulged only in kindly jests that held no sting." + }, + { + "id": 188, + "la": "mensa nitens, quam non censoria regula culpet nec nolit Frugi Piso vocare suam: nonnumquam pollens natalibus et dape festa, non tamen angustas ut tenuaret opes", + "en": "Your table showed that refinement with which a censors code could find no fault: Piso the Frugal would not blush to call it his. Sometimes, as on birthdays or some other feast, it was furnished with greater luxury, but never so lavishly as to diminish your slender means." + }, + { + "id": 189, + "la": "quamquam heredis egens, bis sex quinquennia functus, fletus es a nobis ut pater et iuvenis", + "en": "And when you died after six decades, although you left no heir, you were mourned by me as a father and a youth." + }, + { + "id": 190, + "la": "Et nunc, sive aliquid post fata extrema superfit, vivis adhuc aevi, quod periit, meminens: sive nihil superest nec habent longa otia sensus, tu tibi vixisti: nos tua fama iuvat", + "en": "And now, if anything survives after Fate has struck her final blow, you are living yet and not unmindful of your days gone by; or, if nothing at all remains, and deaths long repose knows no feeling, you have lived your own life: we take pleasure in your fame." + }, + { + "id": 191, + "la": "Nec me nepotes impii silentii reum ciebunt, Alcime, minusque dignum, non et oblitum ferent tuae ministrum memoriae, opponit unum quem viris prioribus aetas recentis temporis", + "en": "Nor shall Posterity arraign me on the charge of unduteous silence touching you, Alcimus, and say I was too unworthy and unheedful to be entrusted with the memory of one whom our later age matches alone with the men of olden time." + }, + { + "id": 192, + "la": "palmae forensis et camenarum decus, exemplar unum in litteris, quas aut Athenis docta coluit Graecia, aut Roma per Latium colit", + "en": "In legal eloquence you were supreme, you were the Muses pride, and our one model in those letters which learned Greece fostered at Athens, or which Rome fosters throughout the Latin world." + }, + { + "id": 193, + "la": "moresne fabor et tenorem regulae ad usque vitae terminum? quod laude clarus, quod operatus litteris omnem refugisti ambitum?", + "en": "Shall I speak of your character and of the rule of life maintained to your lifes end? Or of the brilliance of your renown, and the devotion to learning which made you wholly shun ambition?" + }, + { + "id": 194, + "la": "te nemo gravior vel fuit comis magis aut liberalis indigis, danda salute, si forum res posceret; studio docendi, si scholam", + "en": "No man was more dignified than you, yet none was more agreeable or more generous to the needy in undertaking the defence if legal aid was needed, or in zealously teaching some pupil in the schools." + }, + { + "id": 195, + "la": "vivent per omnem posterorum memoriam, quos tu sacrae famae dabas et Iulianum tu magis famae dabis quam sceptra, quae tenuit brevi", + "en": "Those upon whom you bestowed glorious renown will live in the memory of all succeeding ages, and your works will bestow upon Julian2 greater renown than will the sceptre which he held so short a time." + }, + { + "id": 196, + "la": "Sallustio plus conferent libri tui, quam consulatus addidit morum tuorum, decoris et facundiae formam dedisti filiis", + "en": "Your histories will throw more lustre on Sallusts1 name than he ever gained through his consulship. So in your virtues, graces, and eloquence you have set a pattern to your sons." + }, + { + "id": 197, + "la": "Ignosce nostri laesus obsequio stili: amoris hoc crimen tui est, quod digna nequiens promere officium colo, iniuriose sedulus quiesce placidus et caduci corporis damnum repende gloria", + "en": "If my pen, seeking to please, only offends, yet pardon me: tis the love I bear you is guilty, if, though I cannot voice aught worthy, I seek to pay my homage, harmfully zealous. Calm be your rest, and with renown outweigh the frail bodys loss." + }, + { + "id": 198, + "la": "Rhetora Luciolum, condiscipulum atque magistrum collegamque dehinc, nenia maesta refer, facundum doctumque virum, seu lege metrorum condita seu prosis solveret orsa modis", + "en": "Of Luciolus the rhetorician, my fellow-pupil, my tutor, and afterwards my colleague, tell now, sad Dirge'a man eloquent and skilful, whether he poured forth utterances shaped to the laws of verse, or to the rhythms of prose." + }, + { + "id": 199, + "la": "eripuit patri Lachesis quem funere acerbo linquentem natos sexu in utroque duos: nequaquam meritis cuius responderit heres obscurus, quamvis nunc tua fama iuvet", + "en": "Him Lachesis brought to an untimely end and reft from his father, leaving two children, one of either sex: yet can your heir by no means live up to the standard of your worth, for all the aid your high repute still lends his obscurity to-day." + }, + { + "id": 200, + "la": "Mitis amice, bonus frater, fidissime coniunx, nate pius, genitor: paenitet, ut fueris", + "en": "Ah, gentle friend, kind brother, husband most faithful, loving son and father, what a grief that you are gone!" + }, + { + "id": 201, + "la": "comis convivis, numquam inclamare clientes, ad famulos numquam tristia verba loqui", + "en": "Courteous to your guests, you were never one to browbeat your dependents or to speak harshly to your servants." + }, + { + "id": 202, + "la": "ut placidos mores, tranquillos sic cole manes et cape ab Ausonio munus, amice, vale", + "en": "So gentle was your nature: may your shade enjoy the same repose! Take as a tribute from Ausonius, friend, my farewell." + }, + { + "id": 203, + "la": "Patera Rhetor Aetate quamquam viceris dictos prius, Patera, fandi nobilis; tamen, quod aevo floruisti proximo iuvenisque te vidi senem, honore maestae non carebis neniae, doctor potentum rhetorum", + "en": "the Rhetorician Patera, renowned speaker, although in years you outpassed the men named earlier, yet, seeing that your prime was in the age next before my own, and that in my youth I saw you in your old age, you shall not lack the tribute of my sad dirge, teacher of mighty rhetoricians." + }, + { + "id": 204, + "la": "tu Baiocassi stirpe Druidarum satus, si fama non fallit fidem, Beleni sacratum ducis e templo genus, et inde vobis nomina: tibi Paterae: sic ministros nuncupant Apollinares mystici", + "en": "If report does not lie, you were sprung from the stock of the Druids of Bayeux, and traced your hallowed line from the temple of Belenus;1 and hence the names borne by your family: you are called Patera; so the mystic votaries call the servants of Apollo." + }, + { + "id": 205, + "la": "fratri patrique nomen a Phoebo datum natoque de Delphis tuo", + "en": "Your father and your brother were named after Phoebus,2 and your own son after Delphi.3" + }, + { + "id": 206, + "la": "doctrina nulli tanta in illo tempore cursusque tot fandi et rotae: memor, disertus, lucida facundia, canore, cultu praeditus, salibus modestus felle nullo perlitis, vini cibique abstemius, laetus, pudicus, pulcher, in senio quoque aquilae ut senectus aut equi", + "en": "In that age there was none who had such knowledge as you, such swift and rolling eloquence. Sound in memory as in learning, you hid the gift of clear expression cast in sonorous and well-chosen phrase; your wit was chastened and without a spice of bitterness: sparing of food and wine, cheerful, modest, comely in person, even in age you were as an eagle or a steed grown old." + }, + { + "id": 207, + "la": "Facunde, docte, lingua et ingenio celer, iocis amoene, Delphidi, subtextus esto flebili threno patris, laudi ut subibas aemulus", + "en": "Eloquent, learned, quick in word and wit, genial in humour, Delphidius, even as you rose to rival your father in renown, so must your praises follow hard upon the tearful lament that I have made for him." + }, + { + "id": 208, + "la": "tu paene ab ipsis orsus incunabulis dei poeta nobilis, sertum coronae praeferens Olympiae, puer celebrasti Iovem: mox inde cursim more torrentis freti epos ligasti metricum, ut nullus aequa lege liber carminum orationem texeret", + "en": "Almost in the cradle itself, you began to be the poet of a famous god; a boy, wearing on your brow the garland of the Olympian crown, you sang Joves praises: next, pressing onward like a raging flood, you strung together an epic all in verse more rapidly than any man free from the handicap of prosody could shape as much in prose." + }, + { + "id": 209, + "la": "celebrata varie cuius eloquentia domi forisque claruit: seu tu cohortis praesulem praetoriae provinciarum aut iudices coleres, tuendis additus clientibus famae et salutis sauciis", + "en": "In divers fields your eloquence achieved renown, until its fame stood as high abroad as here at home; now when you appeared before the prefect of the pretorian cohort, and now in the presence of the provincial judges when you were briefed to defend the threatened honour or the life of the accused." + }, + { + "id": 210, + "la": "felix, quietis si maneres litteris opus Camenarum colens nec odia magnis concitata litibus armaret ultor impetus nec inquieto temporis tyrannici palatio te adtolleres", + "en": "How happy had you been had you pursued the Muses tasks amid the peaceful toil of letters; had not the impulse of revenge armed the hatred which great lawsuits1 breed; or had you never sought to climb up to the unrestful Palace in the days of tyranny!" + }, + { + "id": 211, + "la": "dum spem remotam semper arcessis tibi, fastidiosus obviae, tuumque mavis esse quam fati bonum, desiderasti plurima, vagus per omnes dignitatum formulas meritusque plura quam gerens", + "en": "While you ever conjured up far-distant hope, disdaining that which lay in your way, and preferred success to be your work rather than Fates, you lost full much, wandering through all the empty titles of distinction and deserving greater prizes than you won." + }, + { + "id": 212, + "la": "unde insecuto criminum motu gravi donatus aerumnis patris, mox inde rhetor, nec docendi pertinax, curam fefellisti patrum, minus malorum munere expertus dei, medio quod aevi raptus es, errore quod non deviantis filiae poenaque laesus coniugis", + "en": "Hence arose the crushing charges which ensued, though your fathers sorrow won your pardon. Thereafter you became a rhetorician; but lack of diligence in teaching disappointed the hopes of your pupils fathers. It was by the grace of God you suffered no worse ill, but were carried off in middle age and spared the pain of your daughters perversity and the execution of your wife.3" + }, + { + "id": 213, + "la": "O flos iuvenum spes laeta patris nec certa tuae data res patriae, rhetor Alethi: tu primaevis doctor in annis: tempore, quo te discere adultum non turpe foret, praetextate, iam genitori conlatus eras postque Paterae et praeceptor", + "en": "O flower of our youths and your fathers fair hope, though not your countrys abiding possession, Alethius the Rhetorician! In earliest years you were a teacher: at an age when it would have been no disgrace for you, a stripling, to have been learning still, ere you were come to manhoods estate, you were already held even a master equal to your father, and, afterwards, to Patera." + }, + { + "id": 214, + "la": "ille superbae moenia Romae fama et meritis inclitus auxit: maior utroque tu Burdigalae laetus patriae clara cohortis vexilla regens, cuncta habuisti commoda fati, non sine morsu gravis invidiae: omnia praecox fortuna tibi dedit et rapuit: et rhetoricam floris adulti fruge carentem, et conubium nobile soceris sine pace patris, et divitias utriusque sine herede domus", + "en": "He, with the brilliance of his renown and gifts, enriched the walls of haughty Rome: you, greater than either, were content to lead on the bright banners of a company1 in your native town, Bordeaux. You had every blessing Fate can give, but withal felt the tooth of her cruel jealousy. For Fortune, too early ripe, gave you every gift and then snatched them away'your rhetoric, denied the fruit of mature age; your brilliant marriage marred by your fathers restlessness; the wealth of your line and your wifes left without heir." + }, + { + "id": 215, + "la": "solstitialis velut herba solet ostentatus raptusque simul, pubere in aevo deseruisti vota tuorum, non mansuris ornate bonis", + "en": "Even as the grass of midsummer, you were but displayed2 and snatched away at once, frustrating your friends hopes, and were enriched with goods that would not endure." + }, + { + "id": 216, + "la": "quam fatiloquo dicte profatu versus Horati: Nil est ab omni parte beatum.", + "en": "With what prophetic utterance is that verse of Horace3 fraught: Nothing there is that is wholly blessed." + }, + { + "id": 217, + "la": "Qui colis laetos hilarosque mores, qui dies festos, ioca, vota, ludum, annuum functi memora Leonti nomine threnum", + "en": "You who love a glad and cheerful soul, you who observe festal days with their jests, their prayers, their shows, forget not to recall year by year the name of Leontius with a dirge." + }, + { + "id": 218, + "la": "iste, Lascivus patiens vocari, nomen indignum probitate vitae abnuit numquam, quia gratum ad aures esset amicas", + "en": "Enduring to be called Lascivus (Wanton), though the name was a libel on his upright life, he never forbade its use, because he knew it amused his friends ears." + }, + { + "id": 219, + "la": "litteris tantum titulum adsecutus, quantus exili satis est cathedrae, posset insertus numero ut videri grammaticorum", + "en": "In letters he had attained a high enough degree to qualify him for his humble chair, and to give him some claim to be enrolled as a grammarian." + }, + { + "id": 220, + "la": "Tu meae semper socius iuventae, pluribus quamvis cumulatus annis, nunc quoque in nostris recales medullis, blande Leonti!", + "en": "You were the constant companion of my youth, although you bare a heavier load of years, and still to-day you have a warm place in my heart, kindly Leontius." + }, + { + "id": 221, + "la": "et iuvat tristi celebrare cura flebilem cantum memoris querellae: munus ingratum tibi debitumque carmine nostro", + "en": "I take sad pleasure in the task of honouring your memory with the mournful strain of this complaint: it is a task unpleasing, but one that my verse owes to you." + }, + { + "id": 222, + "la": "Romulum post hos prius an Corinthi, anne Sperchei pariterque nati Atticas musas memorem Menesthei grammaticorum? sedulum cunctis studium docendi, fructus exilis tenuisque sermo: set, quia nostro docuere in aevo, commemorandi", + "en": "After these shall I recall Romulus first, or1 Corinthius, or Spercheus and likewise Menestheus, his son, those grammarians of the Attic Muses? All these were patient, earnest teachers, although small their profit and scant their praise; yet, since they were teachers in my time, I owe a tribute to their memory." + }, + { + "id": 223, + "la": "tertius horum mihi non magister, ceteri primis docuere in annis, ne forem vocum rudis aut loquendi sic sine cultu: obstitit nostrae quia, credo, mentis tardior sensus neque disciplinis adpulit Graecis puerilis aevi noxius error", + "en": "The third of these was not my tutor; the others taught me in my earliest years not to be unpolished in my speech and quite without refinement in my tongue. For a dullness of my brain, as I suppose, hindered my progress, and some mischievous perversity of boyhood estranged me from learning Greek." + }, + { + "id": 224, + "la": "Vos levis caespes tegat et sepulcri tecta defendant cineres opertos ac meae vocis titulus supremum reddat honorem", + "en": "May the turf lie light upon you, may the roof of the tomb that holds you keep your ashes safe, and may the epitaph I now pronounce pay you the last tribute." + }, + { + "id": 225, + "la": "ET te, quem cathedram temere usurpasse locuntur nomen grammatici nec meruisse putant, voce ciebo tamen, simplex, bone, amice, sodalis, Iucunde, hoc ipso care magis studio: quod, quamvis impar, nomen tam nobile amasti, es meritos inter commemorande viros", + "en": "Although men say you had rashly assumed your chair, and think you did not deserve to be called a grammarian, yet my voice shall hail you, Jucundus, so simple and so kind, my friend and my companion, whom I love the better for this aim of yours: since you loved so honourable a title, although unequal to it, I must commemorate you here among men of worth." + }, + { + "id": 226, + "la": "Nunc ut quemque mihi flebilis officii relligiosus honor suggeret, expediam, qui, quamvis humili stirpe, loco ac merito, ingeniis hominum Burdigalae rudibus introtulere tamen grammatices studium", + "en": "Now, as the pious homage of my mournful task shall present each one, I will tell of those who, though of humble birth and rank and merit, instilled into the uncultured minds of the people of Bordeaux the love of letters." + }, + { + "id": 227, + "la": "Sit macrinus in his: huic mea principio credita puerities; et libertina sucuro progenie, sobrius et puerorum utilis ingeniis", + "en": "Let Macrinus be named amongst these: to him I was entrusted first when a boy; and Sucuro, the freedmans son, temperate and well-suited to form youthful minds." + }, + { + "id": 228, + "la": "et tu concordi, qui profugus patria mutasti sterilem urbe alia cathedram nec reticebo senem nomine phoebicium, qui Beleni aedituus nil opis inde tulit;", + "en": "You too, Concordius, were another such, you who, fleeing your country, took in exchange a chair of little profit in a foreign town. Nor must I leave unmentioned the old man Phoebicius,1 who, though the keeper of Belenus temple, got no profit thereby." + }, + { + "id": 229, + "la": "set tamen, ut placitum, stirpe satus Druidum gentis Aremoricae, Burdigalae cathedram nati opera obtinuit: permaneat series", + "en": "Yet he, sprung, as rumour goes, from the stock of the Druids of Armorica (Brittany), obtained a chair at Bordeaux by his sons help: long may his line endure!" + }, + { + "id": 230, + "la": "ammonium et recinam relligiosum etenim commemorare meae grammaticum patriae' qui rudibus pueris prima elementa dabat, doctrina exiguus, moribus inplacidis: proinde, ut erat meritum, famam habuit tenuem", + "en": "I will sing of Ammonius also'for, indeed, it is a solemn duty to commemorate a grammarian of my own native place'who used to teach raw lads their alphabet:2 he had scant learning and was of an ungentle nature, and therefore'as was his due'was held in slight repute." + }, + { + "id": 231, + "la": "Pange et anastasio flebile, Musa, melum et memora tenuem nenia, grammaticum Burdigalae hunc genitum transtulit ambitio Pictonicaeque dedit", + "en": "For Anastasius also shape a mournful lay, my Muse; and you, my dirge, recall that poor grammarian. He was born at Bordeaux, but ambition transferred him to Poictiers." + }, + { + "id": 232, + "la": "pauper ibi et tenuem victum habitumque colens, gloriolam exilem et patriae et cathedrae perdidit in senio", + "en": "There he lived a poor man, stinted alike in food and dress, and in his old age lost the faint glimmer of renown which his country and his chair had shed on him." + }, + { + "id": 233, + "la": "set tamen hunc noster commemoravit honos, ne pariter tumulus nomen et ossa tegat", + "en": "Howbeit, I have here paid a tribute to his name, that the tomb should not swallow up his name with his bones." + }, + { + "id": 234, + "la": "Herculane, qui, profectus gremio de nostro et schola, spem magis, quam rem fruendam praebuisti avunculo, particeps scholae et cathedrae paene sucessor meae, lubricae nisi te iuventae praecipitem flexus daret, Pythagorei non tenentem tramitis rectam viam:", + "en": "Herculanus, though you came from my bosom and my class, you have repaid your uncle with promise rather than with fruit. You shared in the work of my class, and might have succeeded to my chair, had not the swerving steps of slippery youth caused you to fall headlong, through not keeping to the right path traced out by Pythagoras." + }, + { + "id": 235, + "la": "esto placidus et quietis manibus sedem fove, iam mihi cognata dudum inter memoratus nomina", + "en": "May you have rest, and may your spirit dwell in peace in its last home'you whose name I recalled a while ago amongst my relatives." + }, + { + "id": 236, + "la": "Officium nomenque tuum, primaeve Thalasse, parvulus audivi, vix etiam memini qua forma aut merito fueris, qua stirpe parentum, aetas nil de te posterior celebrat", + "en": "Of your rank and name, Thalassus, youthful teacher, I heard as a little boy, scarce even do I recall them. Of your person or attainments, of the family whence you were sprung, a later age proclaims nought concerning you." + }, + { + "id": 237, + "la": "grammaticum iuvenem tantum te fama ferebat, tum quoque tam tenuis, quam modo nulla manet grammaticum iuvenem tantum te fama ferebat, tum quoque tam tenuis, quam modo nulla manet", + "en": "Only report used to tell that you became a grammarian in your youth, but even this was then so slight that it no longer lingers now. Yet, be you who you were, because you lived and taught in my lifetime, take this my offering, farewell!" + }, + { + "id": 238, + "la": "Et, Citari dilecte, mihi memorabere, dignus grammaticos inter qui celebrere bonos esset Aristarchi tibi gloria Zenodotique Graiorum, antiquus si sequeretur honos", + "en": "You also shall be recalled by me, beloved Citarius, for you deserve to be praised amongst good grammarians. If the custom of past ages still obtained, you would have the renown of Aristarchus and Zenodotus among the Greeks." + }, + { + "id": 239, + "la": "carminibus, quae prima tuis sunt condita in annis, concedit Cei musa Simonidei", + "en": "Even the Muse of Simonides of Ceos yields place to the odes which you composed in your early years." + }, + { + "id": 240, + "la": "urbe satus Sicula nostram peregrinus adisti excultam studiis quam propere edideras", + "en": "Born in a Sicilian town, you came a stranger to our city, but quickly made it the home of culture with your learning." + }, + { + "id": 241, + "la": "coniugium nanctus cito nobilis et locupletis, invidia fati non genitor moreris", + "en": "Here you soon found a wife well-born and rich; but Fate grudged you the gift of children ere your death." + }, + { + "id": 242, + "la": "at nos defunctum memori celebramus honore, fovimus ut vivum munere amicitiae", + "en": "But, now that you are gone, we honour you with the tribute of our remembrance, even as we cheered you, while you lived, with the gift of our friendship." + }, + { + "id": 243, + "la": "Eloquii merito primis aequande, fuisti, Agrici, positus posteriore loco: aevo qui quoniam genitus functusque recenti, dilatus nobis, non et omissus eras", + "en": "For mastery in eloquence worthy to be ranked equal with the foremost, here, Agricius, you have been set in a lower place: since you were born and died in later years, I had delayed to mention you, yet had not also forgotten you." + }, + { + "id": 244, + "la": "quocumque in numero, tristi memorabere threno: unus honos tumuli, serus et ante datus", + "en": "But be your place where it may, my sad lament shall recall your memory: early or late, homage paid to the dead is all one." + }, + { + "id": 245, + "la": "tam generis tibi celsus apex, quam gloria fandi, gloria Athenaei cognita sede loci: Nazario et claro quondam delata Paterae egregie multos excoluit iuvenes", + "en": "The nobility of your birth was not less lofty than the renown of your eloquence'renown, no stranger to your chair here in this second Athens: bestowed on Nazarius1 and famous Patera in former days, it trained to highest perfection many a youth." + }, + { + "id": 246, + "la": "coniuge nunc natisque superstitibus generoque maiorum manes et monumenta foves", + "en": "Now you have left a wife, children, and a son-in-law here on this earth and cheer the shades of your ancestors in their tombs." + }, + { + "id": 247, + "la": "Facete, comis, animo iuvenali senex, cui felle nullo, melle multo mens madens aevum per omne nil amarum miscuit, medella nostri, Nepotiane, pectoris, tam seriorum quam iocorum particeps, taciturne, Amyclas qui silendo viceris: te fabulantem non Ulixes linqueret, liquit canentes qui melodas virgines:", + "en": "Witty and cheerful, an old man with a heart of youth, whose soul, steeped in honey with no drop of gall, never throughout all your life instilled aught of bitterness, balm of my heart, Nepotianus, taking your share in grave and gay alike: your lips once closed, you could surpass Amyclae2 in silence; when once you began to discourse, even Ulysses could not leave you'he who left the tuneful Sirens at their song." + }, + { + "id": 248, + "la": "probe et pudice, parce, frugi, abstemie, facunde, nulli rhetorum cedens stilo et disputator ad Cleanthen Stoicum: Scaurum Probumque corde callens intimo et Epirote Cinea memor magis:", + "en": "Honourable and pure, sparing, frugal, temperate, eloquent, you were second to no orator in style, while in argument you were the equal of Cleanthes the Stoic.3 Scaurus and Probus4 you knew off by heart, and in memory were a match for Cineas of Epirus." + }, + { + "id": 249, + "la": "sodalis et convictor, hospes iugiter: parum quod hospes, mentis agitator meae", + "en": "You were my comrade, companion, and my guest continually: and not my guest alone, but the awakener of my mind." + }, + { + "id": 250, + "la": "consilia nullus mente tam pura dedit vel altiore conditu texit data", + "en": "None gave advice out of a heart more sincere, or concealed it, when given, with deeper secrecy." + }, + { + "id": 251, + "la": "honore gesti praesidatus inclitus, decies novenas functus annorum vices, duos relinquens liberos morte oppetis, dolore multo tam tuorum quam meo", + "en": "When you had been distinguished by your appointment as governor, and had lived through the changes of ninety years, you met your end leaving two children, to your kinsfolks great sorrow as to mine." + }, + { + "id": 252, + "la": "Inter cognatos iam fletus, avuncule, manes inter rhetoricos nunc memorandus eris illud opus pietas, istud reverenda virorum nomina pro patriae relligione habeant", + "en": "Though mourned already among my departed relatives, you must be mentioned here, my uncle, among rhetoricians. Let love of kindred claim that work; but be this a tribute to the names of famous men, inspired by devotion to my native land." + }, + { + "id": 253, + "la": "bis meritum duplici celebremus honore parentem Arborium, Arborio patre et avo Argicio", + "en": "As doubly earned, let me pay this double meed of praise to my father2 Arborius, son of Arborius, and grandson of Argicius." + }, + { + "id": 254, + "la": "Stemma tibi patris Haeduici, Tarbellica Maurae matris origo fuit: ambo genus procerum", + "en": "Your father was of Aeduan stock, while your mother, Maura, sprang from Aquae Tarbellae (Dax): both were of high descent." + }, + { + "id": 255, + "la": "nobilis et dotata uxor, domus et schola, cultae principum amicitiae contigerunt iuveni, dum Constantini fratres opulenta Tolosa exilii specie sepositos cohibet", + "en": "A wife, noble-born and well-portioned, a home, a professorial chair, with the friendship of the great which you gained'all these you attained while still young, while wealthy Toulouse held the brothers of Constantine secluded there in nominal exile." + }, + { + "id": 256, + "la": "Byzanti inde arcem Thressaeque Propontidis urbem Constantinopolim fama tui pepulit", + "en": "From there your renown forced its way to the stronghold of Byzantium, and to that city of the Thracian Propontis, Constantinople." + }, + { + "id": 257, + "la": "in patriam sed te sedem ac monumenta tuorum principis Augusti restituit pietas", + "en": "Howbeit, with loving care our prince Augustus restored your body to your native place and to the tomb of your family." + }, + { + "id": 258, + "la": "illic dives opum doctoque ibi Caesare honorus occumbis patribus, Magne, superstitibus", + "en": "In that place, full of wealth and famed as the tutor of a Caesar4 there, you died, Magnus, while your parents were yet alive." + }, + { + "id": 259, + "la": "hinc renovat causam lacrimis et flebile munus annuus ingrata relligione dies", + "en": "So year by year this day brings round a cause for tears and this mournful task of joyless devotion." + }, + { + "id": 260, + "la": "Exuperi, memorande mihi, facunde sine arte, incessu gravis et verbis ingentibus, ore pulcher et ad summam motuque habituque venusto: copia cui fandi longe pulcherrima, quam si auditu tenus acciperes, deflata placeret, discussam scires solidi nihil edere sensus", + "en": "Now must I renew your memory, Exuperius, an orator without help of rules, solemn of gait, majestic in speech, handsome in features and, in a word, admirable in gesture and deportment. Your eloquence was matchless in its fluency, and if judged only by the ear, would please through mere force of sound, but if closely examined would be found to contain no solid thought." + }, + { + "id": 261, + "la": "Palladiae primum toga te venerata Tolosae mox pepulit levitate pari", + "en": "At first the councillors of Toulouse, that home of Pallas, received you with adoration, but soon drove you as lightly away." + }, + { + "id": 262, + "la": "Narbo inde recepit", + "en": "Then Narbo harboured you:" + }, + { + "id": 263, + "la": "illic Dalmatio genitos, fatalia regum nomina, tum pueros, grandi mercede docendi formasti rhetor metam prope puberis aevi", + "en": "there, taking a high fee for your teaching, you trained in rhetoric the sons of Dalmatius2'royal but tragic names'from boyhood up to the beginning of manhood." + }, + { + "id": 264, + "la": "Caesareum qui mox indepti nomen honorem praesidis Hispanumque tibi tribuere tribunal", + "en": "When in due time they assumed the title of Caesar, they bestowed upon you the dignity of a governorship and a tribunal in Spain." + }, + { + "id": 265, + "la": "decedens placidos mores tranquillaque vitae tempora praedives finisti sede Cadurca sed patriae te iura vocant et origo parentum Burdigalae ut rursum nomen de rhetore reddas", + "en": "Passing away, exceeding rich, you brought your unruffled nature and your peaceful years to a close in your abode at Cadurca (Cahors). But your countrys claims and the birthplace of your family summon you to bequeath your title of rhetorician to Bordeaux." + }, + { + "id": 266, + "la": "Nec te Marcello genitum, Marcelle, silebo, aspera quem genetrix urbe, domo pepulit: sed fortuna potens cito reddidit omnia et auxit: amissam primum Narbo dedit patriam", + "en": "I will not pass you by without a word, Marcellus, son of Marcellus. The harshness of your mother drove you from your home and your city, but all-powerful Fortune soon restored all you had lost and added more. For firstly, in Narbo you found the country you had lost;" + }, + { + "id": 267, + "la": "nobilis hic hospes Clarentius indole motus egregia natam coniugio adtribuit", + "en": "and here Clarentius, a stranger of high birth, was led by your noble nature to give you his daughter to wife." + }, + { + "id": 268, + "la": "mox schola et auditor multus praetextaque pubes grammatici nomen divitiasque dedit", + "en": "And in due time your classes and lectures, thronged with crowds of boys, brought you the title of grammarian and wealth." + }, + { + "id": 269, + "la": "sed numquam iugem cursum fortuna secundat, praesertim pravi nancta virum ingenii", + "en": "But Fortune never favours a career of unvarying success, especially when she finds a man of a crooked nature." + }, + { + "id": 270, + "la": "verum oneranda mihi non sunt, memoranda recepi fata; sat est dictum cuncta perisse simul: non tamen et nomen, quo te non fraudo, receptum inter grammaticos praetenuis meriti", + "en": "Howbeit, tis not for me to make heavier your destiny: my task is to recall it. It is enough to say that you lost all at one stroke; yet not your title also, whereof I do not rob you, but give you a place amongst grammarians of very scant deserving." + }, + { + "id": 271, + "la": "Relligio est, tacitum si te, Sedate, relinquam, quamvis docendi munus indepte es foris communis patria est tecum mihi: sorte potentis fati Tolosam nanctus es sedem scholae", + "en": "It were a thing unholy to leave you unmentioned, Sedatus, although it was abroad that you obtained your post as teacher. We had one native place, you and I; but the hazards of all-powerful Destiny gave you a chair at Toulouse." + }, + { + "id": 272, + "la": "illic coniugium natique opulensque senectus et fama, magno qualis est par rhetori", + "en": "There you found a wife, and children, and riches for your old age, with such renown as is the due of a great rhetorician." + }, + { + "id": 273, + "la": "quamvis externa tamen a regione reducit te patria et civem morte obita repetit, cumque vagantem operam divisae impenderis urbi, arbitrium de te sumit origo suum", + "en": "Yet from that land, however far, your native place now brings you home, and after death claims you again as its citizen. You may have strayed away and spent your pains on a distant city, but the country of your birth resumes its right to you." + }, + { + "id": 274, + "la": "et tua nunc suboles morem sectata parentis Narbonem ac Romam nobilitat studiis;", + "en": "And now your sons are following their fathers example, and adding to the renown of Narbo and of Rome with their learning." + }, + { + "id": 275, + "la": "sed quid conquerimur? Longum post tempus et illos fama, velit nolit, Burdigalam referet", + "en": "But why do we complain? After long years, will they or nill they, Fame will bring them also back to Bordeaux." + }, + { + "id": 276, + "la": "Hactenus observata mihi lex commemorandi cives, sive domi seu docuere foris externum sed fas coniungere civibus unum te, Staphyli, genitum stirpe Novem populis", + "en": "So far I have kept to the rule of commemorating my fellow-countrymen, whether they taught in our city or abroad. Yet it is no sin to couple with my countrymen a single stranger such as you, Staphylius, a son of Novem Populi." + }, + { + "id": 277, + "la": "tu mihi, quod genitor, quod avunculus, unus utrumque, alter ut Ausonius, alter ut Arborius", + "en": "You were to me a father and an uncle, both in one, like a second Ausonius, like a second Arborius." + }, + { + "id": 278, + "la": "grammatice ad Scaurum atque Probum, promptissime rhetor, historiam callens Livii et Herodoti", + "en": "As a grammarian you rivalled Scaurus and Probus; as a rhetorician, most ready; in history you knew all Livy and Herodotus." + }, + { + "id": 279, + "la": "omnis doctrinae ratio tibi cognita, quantam condit sescentis Varro voluminibus", + "en": "You knew every branch of learning and all the lore which Varro stored in his innumerable tomes." + }, + { + "id": 280, + "la": "aurea mens, vox suada tibi, tum sermo quietus: nec cunctator erat, nec properator erat", + "en": "Your heart was golden, your tongue persuasive and your speech unflurried; no hesitating was there and yet no hurrying." + }, + { + "id": 281, + "la": "In old age you were comely and distinguished in appearance; anger and grief were strangers to you, and your peaceful life had a befitting close", + "en": "pulchra senecta, nitens habitus, procul ira dolorque; et placidae vitae congrua meta fuit." + }, + { + "id": 282, + "la": "Tu quoque in aevum, Crispe, futurum maesti venies commemoratus munere threni", + "en": "Your name also, Crispus, shall be kept in memory by this sad lament which I offer you, and go down to future ages'" + }, + { + "id": 283, + "la": "qui primaevos fandique rudes elementorum prima docebas signa novorum: creditus olim fervere mero, ut Vergilii Flaccique locis aemula ferres", + "en": "you who used to teach the youngest boys, unskilled in speech, the simple signs of their new task, the alphabet: at times it was thought that you used to prime yourself with wine in order to produce verse rivalling passages of Vergil and of Flaccus." + }, + { + "id": 284, + "la": "Et tibi Latiis posthabite orsis, Urbice, Grais celebris, carmen sic", + "en": "For you also, Urbicus, held of less account for Latin themes, though famous for your Greek, thus will I raise a chant of grief." + }, + { + "id": 285, + "la": "nam tu Crispo coniuncte tuo prosa solebas et versa loqui impete eodem, priscos ut [mox] heroas olim carmine Homeri commemoratos fando referres:", + "en": "For in the company of your friend Crispus you would pour out a flood of words in prose and verse with equal ease and with such eloquence as to remind us of those heroes sung by old Homer'" + }, + { + "id": 286, + "la": "dulcem in paucis ut Plistheniden, et torrentis ceu Dulichii ninguida dicta, et mellitae nectare vocis dulcia fatu verba canentem Nestora regem", + "en": "that son of Pleisthenes, so sweet but terse, and the impetuous lord of Dulichium2 whose words were as flakes of snow, and Nestor the king, whose melodious speech was sweet of utterance with the nectar of his honeyed lips." + }, + { + "id": 287, + "la": "Ambo loqui faciles, ambo omnia carmina docti, callentes mython plasmata et historiam, liberti ambo genus, sed quos meruisse deceret nancisci, ut cluerent patribus ingenuis", + "en": "Both ready speakers, both learned in all the lore of posy, and skilled alike in mythic fictions and in history, you were both freed men by birth, but in your natures such as might well have deserved to be called the sons of free-born fathers." + }, + { + "id": 288, + "la": "Victori studiose, memor, celer, ignoratis adsidue in libris nec nisi operta legens, exesas tineis opicasque evolvere chartas maior quam promptis cura tibi in studiis", + "en": "Scholarly Victorius, gifted with memory and a quick brain, how patiently you used to pore over books which no one read, and study only abstruse lore! You liked better to unroll worm-eaten and outlandish scrolls than to give yourself to more familiar pursuits." + }, + { + "id": 289, + "la": "quod ius pontificum, quae foedera, stemma quod olim ante Numam fuerit sacrifici Curibus: quid Castor cunctis de regibus ambiguis, quid coniugis e libris ediderit Rhodope:", + "en": "What was the code of the pontifices, what the treaties, what the pedigree of the sacrificial priest at Cures1 long before Numas days, what Castor2 had to say on all the shadowy kings, what Rhodope published out of her husbands books," + }, + { + "id": 290, + "la": "quod ius pontificum, veterum quae scita Quiritum quae consulta patrum, quid Draco quidve Solon sanxerit et Locris dederit quae iura Zaleucus, sub Iove quae Minos, quae Themis ante Iovem, nota tibi potius, quam Tullius et Maro nostri et quidquid Latia conditur historia fors istos etiam tibi lectio longa dedisset, supremum Lachesis ni celerasset iter", + "en": "what the code of the priests, what the resolutions of the old Quirites, what the decrees of the Senate, what measures Draco or what Solon passed, and what laws Zaleucus3 gave the Locrians, what Minos under the reign of Jove, what Themis even before Joves time'all these were better known to you than our Tully or Maro, and all the stores of Roman history. Maybe continued reading would have brought them also within your ken, had not Lachesis hurried on the date of your last journey." + }, + { + "id": 291, + "la": "exili nostrae fucatus honore cathedrae, libato tenuis nomine grammatici: longinquis posthac Cumae defunctus in oris, ad quas de Siculo litore transieras", + "en": "Your post here in our city had brought you only a faint tincture of renown, and given you but a slight foretaste of the title of grammarian, when you died on the coast of far-off Cumae whither you had crossed over from Sicily." + }, + { + "id": 292, + "la": "sed modo nobilium memoratus in agmine gaude, pervenit ad manes si pia cura tuos", + "en": "But now that I have numbered you in a company of famous men, rejoice'if this my pious tribute reaches your shade." + }, + { + "id": 293, + "la": "Set neque te maesta, Dynami, fraudabo querella, municipem patriae causidicumque meae, crimine adulterii quem saucia fama fugavit, parvula quem latebris fovit Hilerda suis, quem locupletavit coniunx Hispana latentem;", + "en": "From you also, Dynamius, I will not withhold my sad complaint'from you, my fellow-citizen and a pleader here; who fled the country with a good name tarnished by a charge of adultery, to whom tiny Lerida gave a snug hiding-place, whom a Spanish wife enriched while you lay hid;" + }, + { + "id": 294, + "la": "namque ibi mutato nomine rhetor eras, rhetor Flavini cognomine dissimulatus, ne posset profugum prodere culpa suum", + "en": "for there, under a changed name, you were a rhetorician'a rhetorician disguised under the name of Flavinus for fear the story of your slip should betray you as the runaway." + }, + { + "id": 295, + "la": "reddiderat quamvis patriae te sera voluntas, mox residem rursum traxit Hilerda domus", + "en": "And though of your own accord you came back later to your native place, your home in Lerida soon drew you back to live at ease." + }, + { + "id": 296, + "la": "Qualiscumque tuae fuerit fuga famaque vitae, iungeris antiqua tu mihi amicitia, officiumque meum, sensus si manibus ullus, accipe iam serum morte obita, Dynami", + "en": "Whatever may have been the nature of your flight, and whatever your repute, old friendship links you and me together; and therefore, if the shades can feel at all, accept this friendly service, Dynamius, albeit offered this long while after your death." + }, + { + "id": 297, + "la": "Though you have ceased to be and lie buried in a distant land, my reverent care dedicates this sad plaint to your memory", + "en": "diversis quamvis iaceas defunctus in oris, commemorat maestis te pia cura elegis." + }, + { + "id": 298, + "la": "Doctrinae vitaeque pari brevitate caducum, Glabrio, te maestis commemorabo elegis, stemmate nobilium deductum nomen avorum, Glabrio Acilini, Dardana progenies", + "en": "Fallen with short span alike of learning and of years, you will I commemorate in mournful verse, Glabrio'a name drawn from a line of famous ancestors'Glabrio, son of Acilinus, offspring of Dardanus." + }, + { + "id": 299, + "la": "tu quondam puero conpar mihi, discipulus mox, meque dehinc facto rhetore grammaticus, inque foro tutela reis et cultor in agris, digne, diu partis qui fruerere bonis:", + "en": "In old days we were boys together; then you became my pupil, and next, when I was made rhetorician, you became grammarian.1 In the courts you were the bulwark of the accused; in the country you farmed your estate, and deserved long to enjoy the fruits you earned." + }, + { + "id": 300, + "la": "commode, laete, benigne, abstemie, tam bone dandis semper consiliis, quam taciturne datis, tam decus omne tuis quam mox dolor, omnia acerbo funere praereptus, Glabrio, destituis:", + "en": "Obliging, cheerful, kindly, temperate, you were always as ready to give advice as silent when you had given it. At once all the pride of your kin as presently their sorrow, you leave all desolate, my Glabrio, reft from us by untimely death:" + }, + { + "id": 301, + "la": "uxore et natis, genitore et matre relictis, eheu quam multis perdite nominibus!", + "en": "wife, children, father, mother, left'alas, under how many names were you lost to them!" + }, + { + "id": 302, + "la": "flete diu nobis, numquam satis, accipe acerbum, Glabrio, in aeternum commemorate, vale", + "en": "Long mourned by me, though never mourned enough, your name is here recorded for all time; and so, friend Glabrio, receive my sorrowful farewell!" + }, + { + "id": 303, + "la": "Quos legis a prima deductos menide libri, doctores patriae scito fuisse meae, grammatici in studio vel rhetoris aut in utroque, quos memorasse mihi morte obita satis est", + "en": "Know that these men, of whom you read in order after the exordium3 of my book, were once teachers in my native place, some of grammar, some of rhetoric, and some of both. They are dead, and it is enough that I have recalled their memories." + }, + { + "id": 304, + "la": "viventum inlecebra est laudatio: nomina tantum voce ciere suis sufficiet tumulis", + "en": "For the living praise is a lure: to but cry their names4 will satisfy those within the tomb." + }, + { + "id": 305, + "la": "ergo, qui nostrae legis otia tristia chartae, eloquium ne tu quaere, set officium, quo claris doctisque viris pia cura parentat, dum decora egregiae commeminit patriae", + "en": "Wherefore, do you, who in my pages read these mournful trifles, not look for pomp of words but for the affection wherewith my reverent care makes offering to famous and learned men, while it recalls the glories of my splendid native land." + }, + { + "id": 306, + "la": "Valete, manes inclitorum rhetorum: valete, doctores probi, historia si quos vel poeticus stilus forumve fecit nobiles, medicae vel artis dogma vel Platonicum dedit perenni gloriae:", + "en": "Fare ye well, shades of famous rhetoricians: fare ye well, worthy teachers, whether it were history, or poetry, or eloquence in the courts that made you famous; or whether medicine or Platos system won you undying renown" + }, + { + "id": 307, + "la": "et si qua functis cura viventum placet iuvatque honor superstitum: accipite maestum carminis cultum mei textum querella flebili", + "en": "And if any care of the living please the dead, and if the tribute of their survivors please them, then take the sad homage of my verse, a fabric of tears and sighs." + }, + { + "id": 308, + "la": "sedem sepulcri servet immotus cinis, memoria vivat nominum, dum remeat illud, iudicis dono dei, commune cunctis saeculum", + "en": "Undisturbed may your ashes keep their place within the tomb, may the memory of your names live on until that other age return1 in which, by grace of God our judge, we all shall share!" + }, + { + "id": 309, + "la": "Ignota aeternae ne sint tibi tempora Romae, regibus et patrum ducta sub imperiis, digessi fastos et nomina praepetis aevi, sparsa iacent Latiam si qua per historiam", + "en": "That not unknown to you may be the ages which eternal Rome has passed under the sway of Princes and of Senate, I have compiled these Annals, gathering the names which Time in his swift career has left scattered along the path of Latin history." + }, + { + "id": 310, + "la": "sit tuus hic fructus, vigilatas accipe noctes: obsequitur studio nostra lucerna tuo", + "en": "Be yours this fruit, take the produce of my night-watches: my midnight oil burns in the service of your delight." + }, + { + "id": 311, + "la": "tu quoque venturos per longum consere Ianos, ut mea digessit pagina praeteritos", + "en": "Do you, too, through a long life link together New Years yet to come, as my page has set in order those gone by." + }, + { + "id": 312, + "la": "exemplum iam patris habes, ut protinus et te adgreget Ausoniis purpura consulibus", + "en": "Even now the example of your father bids you also win forthwith the purple robe and join the company of Ausonian2 Consuls." + }, + { + "id": 313, + "la": "Annis undecies centum coniunge quaternos, undecies unumque super trieterida necte haec erit aeternae series ab origine Romae", + "en": "To eleven times a hundred years join four, then add eleven times one and three beside.1 This will be the tale of years passed since the beginning of eternal Rome." + }, + { + "id": 314, + "la": "adscripsi fastos si sors volet, ultra adiciam: si non, qui legis, adicies scire cupis, qui sim? titulum, qui quartus ab imo est, quaere: leges nomen consulis Ausonii", + "en": "Up to this point have I written my annals. If Fortune will, I will carry them yet further; if not, you who read will add to them. Would you know who I am? Look up the entry which is fourth from the last:2 you will read the name of Ausonius the Consul." + }, + { + "id": 315, + "la": "Urbis ab aeternae deductam rege Quirino annorum seriem cum, Procule, accipies, mille annos centumque et bis fluxisse novenos consulis Ausonii nomen ad usque leges", + "en": "When you receive this sequence of the years or our eternal city traced down from the time of King Quirinus, you will read that a thousand years, a hundred and twice nine have ebbed away ere you come on the name of Ausonius the Consul." + }, + { + "id": 316, + "la": "fors erit, ut, lustrum cum se cumulaverit istis, confectam Proculus signet Olympiadam", + "en": "Perchance when five years have been added to that tale, Proculus3 shall seal the complete Olympiad." + }, + { + "id": 317, + "la": "En umquam vidisti tabulam pictam in pariete? vidisti utique et meministi Treveris quippe in triclinio Zoili fucata est pictura haec:", + "en": "Pray, have you ever seen a picture painted on a wall? To be sure you have, and remember it. Well, at Trves, in the dining-room of Zolus, this picture is painted:" + }, + { + "id": 318, + "la": "Cupidinem cruci adfigunt mulieres amatrices, non istae de nostro saeculo, quae sponte peccant, sed illae heroicae, quae sibi ignoscunt et plectunt deum", + "en": "Cupid is being nailed to the cross by certain love-lorn women'not those lovers of our own day, who fall into sin of their own freewill, but those heroic lovers who excuse themselves and blame the gods." + }, + { + "id": 319, + "la": "quarum partem in lugentibus campis Maro noster enumerat hanc ego imaginem specie et argumento miratus sum", + "en": "Some of these our own Virgil2 recounts in his description of the Fields of Mourning. I was greatly struck by the art and the subject of this picture." + }, + { + "id": 320, + "la": "deinde mirandi stuporem transtuli ad ineptiam poetandi mihi praeter lemma nihil placet;", + "en": "Subsequently I translated my amazed admiration into insipid versification. Nothing in it satisfies me except the title;" + }, + { + "id": 321, + "la": "sed commendo tibi errorem meum: naevos nostros et cicatrices amamus, nec soli nostro vitio peccasse contenti, adfectamus ut amentur", + "en": "nevertheless I commit my failure to your care: we love our own warts and scars, and, not satisfied with erring by ourselves through our folly, seek to make others love them also." + }, + { + "id": 322, + "la": "verum quid ego huic eclogae studiose patrocinor? certus sum, quodcumque meum scieris, amabis; quod magis spero, quam ut laudes vale et dilige parentem", + "en": "But why am I at such pains to plead the cause of this eclogue? I know well that you will welcome whatever you know to be mine; and it is for this I hope, more than for your praise. Farewell, and think kindly of your father." + }, + { + "id": 323, + "la": "Aeris in campis, memorat quos musa Maronis, myrteus amentes ubi lucus opacat amantes, orgia ducebant heroides et sua quaeque, ut quondam occiderant, leti argumenta gerebant, errantes silva in magna et sub luce maligna inter harundineasque comas gravidumque papaver et tacitos sine labe lacus, sine murmure rivos:", + "en": "In the aerial fields, told of in Virgils verse, where groves of myrtle oershade lovers lorn, the heroines were holding frantic rites, each one of them bearing tokens of the death she died of old, and wandering in a great wood, lit by scanty light, mid tufted reeds, and full-blown poppies, and still meres without a ripple, and unbabbling streams," + }, + { + "id": 324, + "la": "quorum per ripas nebuloso lumine marcent fleti, olim regum et puerorum nomina, flores mirator Narcissus et Oebalides Hyacinthus et Crocus auricomans et murice pictus Adonis et tragico scriptus gemitu Salaminius Aeas;", + "en": "along whose banks flowers of woe hung drooping in the murky light, bearing the names of kings and boys of old: here was admiring Narcissus, Hyacinthus, son of Oebalus, golden-headed Crocus, Adonis purplestained, and Aeas of Salamis inscribed with the word of woe." + }, + { + "id": 325, + "la": "omnia quae lacrimis et amoribus anxia maestis exercent memores obita iam morte dolores: rursus in amissum revocant heroidas aevum", + "en": "All things which, fraught with grief or with the pangs of love, prolong the memory of sorrow even when death is passed, call back again the heroines to the lives which they have lost." + }, + { + "id": 326, + "la": "fulmineos Semele decepta puerpera partus deflet et ambustas lacerans per inania cunas ventilat ignavum simulati fulguris ignem", + "en": "Here pregnant Semele, robbed of her hopes, bewails her birth pangs amid the lightning, and in the void rends a charred cradle and brandishes the harmless fire of an imagined thunderbolt." + }, + { + "id": 327, + "la": "irrita dona querens, sexu gavisa virili, maeret in antiquam Caenis revocata figuram", + "en": "Bewailing the unavailing gift of manhood in which she once rejoiced, Caenis2 grieves for her restoration to her former shape." + }, + { + "id": 328, + "la": "vulnera siccat adhuc Procris Cephalique cruentam diligit et percussa manum", + "en": "Procris3 still staunches her wounds, and loves the fatal hand of Cephalus which struck her down." + }, + { + "id": 329, + "la": "fert fumida testae lumina Sestiaca praeceps de turre puella", + "en": "The maid of Sestos4 carries her smoking earthen lamp and casts herself headlong from her tower." + }, + { + "id": 330, + "la": "And man-like Sappho, doomed to be slain by the shafts of love for Lesbian Phaon, threatens to leap from cloud-wrapped Leucas", + "en": "et de nimboso saltum Leucate minatur mascula Lesbiacis Sappho peritura sagittis" + }, + { + "id": 331, + "la": "Harmoniae cultus Eriphyle maesta recusat, infelix nato nec fortunata marito", + "en": "Sad Eriphyle1 refuses the necklace of Harmonia, unhappy in her son and luckless in her husband." + }, + { + "id": 332, + "la": "tota quoque aeriae Minoia fabula Cretae picturarum instar tenui sub imagine vibrat: Pasiphae nivei sequitur vestigia tauri, licia fert glomerata manu deserta Ariadne, respicit abiectas desperans Phaedra tabellas", + "en": "Here also the whole story of Minos and ary Crete glimmers like some faintlimned pictured scene. Pasipha follows the footsteps of her snow-white bull, forlorn Ariadne carries a ball of twine in her hand, hopeless Phaedra looks back at the tablets2 she has cast away." + }, + { + "id": 333, + "la": "haec laqueum gerit, haec vanae simulacra coronae: Daedaliae pudet hanc latebras subiisse iuvencae praereptas queritur per inania gaudia noctes Laudamia duas, vivi functique mariti", + "en": "This wears a halter, this the empty semblance of a crown, while this hesitates in shame to enter her hiding-place in the heifer wrought by Daedalus. Laodamia3 cries out on those two nights passed all too soon in unreal joys, one with her living lord, one with her dead." + }, + { + "id": 334, + "la": "parte truces alia strictis mucronibus omnes et Thisbe et Canace et Sidonis horret Elissa: coniugis haec, haec patris et haec gerit hospitis ensem", + "en": "Elsewhere, fierce with drawn swords all, stand Thisbe and Canace and Sidonian Elissa: this carries her husbands blade, that her fathers, and the third her guests." + }, + { + "id": 335, + "la": "errat et ipsa, olim qualis per Latmia saxa Endymioneos solita adfectare sopores, cum face et astrigero diademate Luna bicornis", + "en": "She also wanders here, even as of old oer Latmus rocks when she was wont to woo the slumbering Endymion,'twy-horned Luna with her torch and starry diadem." + }, + { + "id": 336, + "la": "centum aliae veterum recolentes vulnera amorum dulcibus et maestis refovent tormenta querellis", + "en": "A hundred more besides, renewing the wounds of their old passions, revive their pangs with plaints both sweet and sad." + }, + { + "id": 337, + "la": "Quas inter medias furvae caliginis umbram dispulit inconsultus Amor stridentibus alis", + "en": "Into the midst of these Love rashly broke scattering the darkness of that murky gloom with rustling wings." + }, + { + "id": 338, + "la": "agnovere omnes puerum memorique recursu communem sensere reum, quamquam umida circum nubila et auratis fulgentia cingula bullis et pharetram et rutilae fuscarent lampados ignem", + "en": "All recognized the boy, and as their thoughts leapt back, they knew him for the one transgressor against them all, though the damp clouds obscured the sheen of his golden-studded belt, his quiver, and the flame of his glowing torch." + }, + { + "id": 339, + "la": "agnoscunt tamen et vanum vibrare vigorem occipiunt hostemque unum loca non sua nanctum, cum pigros ageret densa sub nocte volatus, facta nube premunt: trepidantem et cassa parantem suffugia in coetum mediae traxere catervae", + "en": "Yet they recognize him, and essay to wield their phantom strength against him, and upon their one foe, now lighted on a realm not his own where he could ply his wings but feebly under the clogging weight of night, gathering in a throng they press: him trembling and vainly seeking to escape, they dragged into the midst of the crowding band." + }, + { + "id": 340, + "la": "eligitur maesto myrtus notissima luco, invidiosa deum poenis", + "en": "A myrtle-tree is chosen, well known in that sad grove and hateful from the vengeance of the gods." + }, + { + "id": 341, + "la": "cruciaverat illic spreta olim memorem Veneris Proserpina Adonin", + "en": "Thereon had Proserpine, once slighted, tormented Adonis, mindful of his Venus." + }, + { + "id": 342, + "la": "huius in excelso suspensum stipite Amorem devinctum post terga manus substrictaque plantis vincula maerentem nullo moderamine poenae adficiunt reus est sine crimine, iudice nullo accusatur Amor", + "en": "On the tall trunk of this Love was hung up, his hands bound behind his back, his feet tied fast; and though he weeps, they lay on him no milder punishment. Love is found guilty without charge, condemned without a judge." + }, + { + "id": 343, + "la": "se quisque absolvere gestit, transferat ut proprias aliena in crimina culpas cunctae exprobrantes tolerati insignia leti expediunt: haec arma putant, haec ultio dulcis, ut, quo quaeque perit, studeat punire dolorem", + "en": "Each to acquit herself of blame, seeks to lay her offences to anothers charge. All upbraid him, and prepare to use on him the tokens of the death they once endured: these are their choice weapons, this is vengeance sweet'each eagerly to avenge her grief with that which slew her." + }, + { + "id": 344, + "la": "haec laqueum tenet, haec speciem mucronis inanem ingerit, illa cavos amnes rupemque fragosam insanique metum pelagi et sine fluctibus aequor", + "en": "One holds a halter ready, another advances the unreal phantom of a sword, another displays yawning rivers, jagged rocks, the horrors of the raging sea, and a deep that has no waves." + }, + { + "id": 345, + "la": "nonnullae flammas quatiunt trepidaeque minantur stridentes nullo igne faces", + "en": "Some shake firebrands, and in frenzy menace him with torches which crackle without fire." + }, + { + "id": 346, + "la": "rescindit adultum Myrrha uterum lacrimis lucentibus inque paventem gemmea fletiferi iaculatur sucina trunci", + "en": "Myrrha,1 with glistening tears, rends open her ripe womb and hurls at the trembling boy the drops of sparkling amber which trickle from her stem." + }, + { + "id": 347, + "la": "quaedam ignoscentum specie ludibria tantum sola volunt, stilus ut tenuis sub acumine puncti eliciat tenerum, de quo rosa nata, cruorem aut pubi admoveant petulantia lumina lychni", + "en": "A few pretend to pardon, but only seek to mock him and with sharp-pointed bodkins draw his dainty blood from which roses spring, or let their lamps flame play wantonly upon his tender frame." + }, + { + "id": 348, + "la": "ipsa etiam simili genetrix obnoxia culpae alma Venus tantos penetrat secura tumultus", + "en": "His very mother, too, the lady Venus, as guilty of like shame, passes fearlessly through this frenzied throng." + }, + { + "id": 349, + "la": "nec circumvento properans suffragia nato terrorem ingeminat stimulisque accendit amaris ancipites furias natique in crimina confert dedecus ipsa suum, quod vincula caeca mariti deprenso Mavorte tulit, quod pube pudenda Hellespontiaci ridetur forma Priapi, quod crudelis Eryx, quod semivir Hermaphroditus", + "en": "And hastening not to plead for her son entrapped, she redoubles his fear, and kindles their slackening rage with new bitterness. She lays to her sons charge her own disgrace because she endured the hidden bonds set by her husband,1 when taken in the act with Mars, because Hellespontine Priapus2 is laughed to scorn for his deformity, because Eryx3 is cruel, and because Hermaphroditus4 is of neither sex." + }, + { + "id": 350, + "la": "nec satis in verbis: roseo Venus aurea serto maerentem pulsat puerum et graviora paventem", + "en": "But words were not enough: with her rosy wreath golden Venus scourged the boy who wept and feared yet harsher punishment." + }, + { + "id": 351, + "la": "olli purpureum mulcato corpore rorem sutilis expressit crebro rosa verbere, quae iam tincta prius traxit rutilum magis ignea fucum, inde truces cecidere minae vindictaque maior crimine visa suo, Venerem factura nocentem", + "en": "From his torn body the entwined roses drew forth a ruddy dew with many a stroke and, though already dyed before, took on a hue more fiery red. Thereat the fierce threats died away, and the punishment seemed too great for the offence, as like to leave the guilt on Venus side." + }, + { + "id": 352, + "la": "ipsae intercedunt heroides et sua quaeque funera crudeli malunt adscribere fato", + "en": "The heroines themselves intervene, each one preferring to blame Fates cruelty for her death." + }, + { + "id": 353, + "la": "tum grates pia mater agit cessisse dolentes et condonatas puero dimittere culpas", + "en": "Then the fond mother thanked them for laying by their griefs to forgive the boy and to pardon his offences." + }, + { + "id": 354, + "la": "Talia nocturnis olim simulacra figuris exercent trepidam casso terrore quietem", + "en": "Such visions with their night-born shapes sometimes disturb his rest, disquieting it with idle fears." + }, + { + "id": 355, + "la": "quae postquam multa perpessus nocte Cupido effugit, pulsa tandem caligine somni evolat ad superos portaque evadit eburna", + "en": "When these he has endured through a great part of the night, Cupid flees forth, banishing sleeps gloom at last, flits forth to the gods above, and passes forth by the gate of ivory." + }, + { + "id": 356, + "la": "Mane iam clarum reserat fenestras, iam strepit nidis vigilax hirundo: tu velut primam mediamque noctem, Parmeno, dormis", + "en": "Already bright Morn is opening her windows, already the watchful swallow twitters from her nest; but you, Parmeno, sleep on as if it were the first or the middle watch of the night." + }, + { + "id": 357, + "la": "dormiunt glires hiemem perennem, sed cibo parcunt: tibi causa somni, multa quod potas nimiaque tendis mole saginam", + "en": "Dormice sleep the winter round, but they leave food alone; while you slumber on because you drink deep, and swell out your paunch with too great a mass of food." + }, + { + "id": 358, + "la": "inde nec flexas sonus intrat aures et locum mentis sopor altus urget nec coruscantis oculos lacessunt fulgura lucis", + "en": "And so no sound enters the winding channels of your ears, a deep stupor presses on your consciousness, and all the dazzling beams of light do not vex your eyes." + }, + { + "id": 359, + "la": "annuam quondam iuveni quietem, noctis et lucis vicibus manentem, fabulae fingunt, cui Luna somnos continuarit", + "en": "Old tales pretend that once upon a time a youth1 slept on year in, year out, untroubled by the interchange of night and day, because Luna made his slumbers unending." + }, + { + "id": 360, + "la": "surge, nugator, lacerande virgis: surge, ne longus tibi somnus, unde non times, detur: rape membra molli, Parmeno, lecto", + "en": "Up with you, you waster! What a thrashing you deserve! Up, or a long, long sleep will come on you from where you dread it least.1 Out with you, Parmeno, from your downy bed!" + }, + { + "id": 361, + "la": "fors et haec somnum tibi cantilena Sapphico suadet modulata versu?", + "en": "Perchance this ditty, tuned to the Sapphic mode, encourages your sleep?" + }, + { + "id": 362, + "la": "Lesbiae depelle modum quietis, acer iambe", + "en": "Come you then, brisk Iambus, and banish hence the restful Lesbian strain" + }, + { + "id": 363, + "la": "Puer, eia, surge et calceos et linteam da sindonem da, quidquid est, amictui quod iam parasti, ut prodeam", + "en": "Hi, boy! Get up! Bring me my slippers and my tunic of lawn: bring all the clothes that you have ready now for my going out." + }, + { + "id": 364, + "la": "da rore fontano abluam manus et os et lumina pateatque, fac, sacrarium nullo paratu extrinsecus: pia verba, vota innoxia, rei divinae copia est", + "en": "Fetch me spring water to wash my hands and mouth and eyes. Get me the chapel opened, but with no outward display: holy words and guiltless prayers are furniture enough for worship." + }, + { + "id": 365, + "la": "nec tus cremandum postulo nec liba crusti mellei, foculumque vivi caespitis vanis relinquo altaribus", + "en": "I do not call for incense to be burnt nor for any slice of honey-cake: hearths of green turf I leave for the altars of vain gods." + }, + { + "id": 366, + "la": "Deus precandus est mihi ac filius summi Dei, maiestas unius modi, sociata sacro spiritu", + "en": "I must pray to God and to the Son of God most high, that coequal2 Majesty united in one fellowship with the Holy Spirit." + }, + { + "id": 367, + "la": "et ecce iam vota ordior: et cogitatio numinis praesentiam sentit pavens pavetne quidquam spes, fides?", + "en": "And lo, now I begin my prayers: my heart feels Heaven is near and trembles. Have faith and hope, then, anything to fear?" + }, + { + "id": 368, + "la": "Omnipotens, solo mentis mihi cognite cultu, ignorate malis et nulli ignote piorum: principio extremoque carens, antiquior aevo, quod fuit aut veniet: cuius formamque modumque nec mens conplecti poterit nec lingua profari:", + "en": "Almighty One, whom through the worship of my heart alone I know, to the wicked unknown, yet known to every devout soul, thou art without beginning and without end, more ancient than time past and time to come: thy fashion and extent no mind can ever grasp, nor tongue express." + }, + { + "id": 369, + "la": "cernere quem solus coramque audire iubentem fas habet et patriam propter considere dextram ipse opifex rerum, rebus causa ipse creandis, ipse dei verbum, verbum deus, anticipator mundi, quem facturus erat: generatus in illo tempore, quo tempus nondum fuit:", + "en": "He only may behold thee and, face to face, hear thy bidding and sit at thy fatherly right-hand who is himself the Maker of all things, himself the Cause of all created things, himself the Word of God, the Word which is God, who was before the world which he was to make, begotten at that time when Time was not yet," + }, + { + "id": 370, + "la": "editus ante quam iubar et rutilus caelum inlustraret Eous:", + "en": "who came into being before the Suns beams and the bright Morning-Star enlightened the sky." + }, + { + "id": 371, + "la": "quo sine nil actum, per quem facta omnia: cuius in caelo solium, cui subdita terra sedenti et mare et obscurae chaos insuperabile noctis:", + "en": "Without him was nothing made, and through him were all things made: his throne is in Heaven; and beneath his seat lie Earth and the Sea and the invincible Chaos of darkling Night:" + }, + { + "id": 372, + "la": "inrequies, cuncta ipse movens, vegetator inertum:", + "en": "unresting, he is the very mover of all things, the quickener of the lifeless." + }, + { + "id": 373, + "la": "non genito genitore deus, qui fraude superbi offensus populi gentes in regna vocavit, stirpis adoptivae meliore propage colendus:", + "en": "He is God, the begotten of the unbegotten, who being provoked by the guile of his scornful people, called the nations into his kingdom'the worthier offshoots of an ingrafted stock to worship him. To our forefathers it was granted to behold him;" + }, + { + "id": 374, + "la": "cernere quem licuit proavis, quo numine viso et patrem vidisse datum: contagia nostra qui tulit et diri passus ludibria leti esse iter aeternae docuit remeabile vitae:", + "en": "and whoso discerned his Godhead, to him it was given to have seen the Father also. He bare our sinful stains and suffered a death with mockery, thus teaching us that there is a road to lead back to eternal life," + }, + { + "id": 375, + "la": "nec solam remeare animam, sed corpore toto caelestes intrare plagas et inane sepulcri arcanum vacuis adopertum linquere terris", + "en": "and that the soul returns not alone, but with the body complete enters the realms of Heaven and leaves the secret chamber of the grave empty, covered with earth which cannot hold it." + }, + { + "id": 376, + "la": "Nate patris summi nostroque salutifer aevo, virtutes patrias genitor cui tradidit omnes, nil ex invidia retinens plenusque datorum, pande viam precibus patriasque haec perfer ad aures", + "en": "Son of the all-highest Father, Bringer of salvation to our race, thou unto whom thy Begetter has committed all the powers of his Fatherhood, keeping none back in envy but giving freely, open a way for these my prayers and safely waft them to thy Fathers ears." + }, + { + "id": 377, + "la": "Da, pater, invictam contra omnia crimina mentem vipereumque nefas nocituri averte veneni", + "en": "Grant me a heart, O Father, to hold out against all deeds of wrong, and deliver me from the Serpents deadly venom, sin." + }, + { + "id": 378, + "la": "sit satis, antiquam serpens quod prodidit Aevvam deceptumque adiunxit Adam: nos sera nepotum semina, veridicis olim praedicta prophetis, vitemus laqueos, quos letifer inplicat anguis", + "en": "Let it suffice that the Serpent did beguile our old mother Eve and involved Adam also in his deceit1: let us, their late-born progeny once foretold by sooth-speaking Prophets, escape the snares which the death-dealing Serpent weaves." + }, + { + "id": 379, + "la": "Pande viam, quae me post vincula corporis aegri in sublime ferat, puri qua lactea caeli semita ventosae superat vaga nubila lunae, qua proceres abiere pii quaque integer olim raptus quadriiugo penetrat super aera curru Elias et solido cum corpore praevius Enoch", + "en": "Prepare a road that I, being freed from the fetters of this frail body, may be led up on high, where in the clear heaven the Milky Way stretches above the wandering clouds of the wind-vexed moon'that road by which the holy men of old departed from the earth; by which Elias,2 caught up in the chariot, once made his way alive above our lower air; and Enoch,3 too, who went before his end without change of body." + }, + { + "id": 380, + "la": "Da, pater, aeterni speratam luminis auram, si lapides non iuro deos unumque verendi suspiciens altare sacri libamina vitae intemerata fero: si te dominique deique unigenae cognosco patrem mixtumque duobus, qui super aequoreas volitabat spiritus undas", + "en": "Grant me, O Father, the effluence of everlasting light for which I yearn, if I swear not by gods of stone, and, looking up to one altar of awful sacrifice alone, bring there the offering of a stainless life; if Thee I recognize as Father of the Only-Begotten, our Lord and God, and, joined with both, the Spirit who brooded over the waters face." + }, + { + "id": 381, + "la": "Da, genitor, veniam cruciataque pectora purga: si te non pecudum fibris, non sanguine fuso quaero nec arcanis numen coniecto sub extis:", + "en": "Grant me thy pardon, Father, and relieve my anguished breast, if I seek thee not with the bodies of slain beasts nor with blood poured forth, nor divine heavens will from the secrets of their entrails:" + }, + { + "id": 382, + "la": "si scelere abstineo errori obnoxius et si opto magis, quam fido, bonus purusque probari", + "en": "if I, though prone to stray, hold off from wrong, and if I long, rather than trust, to be approved upright and pure." + }, + { + "id": 383, + "la": "confessam dignare animam, si membra caduca execror et taciturn si paenitet altaque sensus formido excruciat tormentaque sera gehennae anticipat patiturque suos mens saucia manes", + "en": "Accept a soul which makes its confession, if I abhor these my frail limbs, if I repent me inwardly, and if deep-seated dread racks all my nerves and foretastes the final torments of Gehenna, and the stricken mind suffers its own ghostly doom." + }, + { + "id": 384, + "la": "Da, pater, haec nostro fieri rata vota precatu", + "en": "Grant, then, O Father, that these petitions may be fulfilled as I pray." + }, + { + "id": 385, + "la": "nil metuam cupiamque nihil: satis hoc rear esse, quod satis est; nil turpe velim nec causa pudoris sim mihi; non faciam cuiquam, quae tempore eodem nolim facta mihi", + "en": "Naught let me fear, and naught desire: let me feel that to be enough which is enough; let me seek nothing vile, nor be the cause of my own shame; let me not do to any that which at the same time I would not have done to me." + }, + { + "id": 386, + "la": "nec vero crimine laedar nec maculer dubio: paulum distare videtur suspectus vereque reus, male posse facultas nulla sit et bene posse adsit tranquilla potestas", + "en": "May no real crime bring me to ruin, nor suspicion tarnish my name: small difference there seems between the real and supposed guilt. Keep thou from me the means to do ill deeds, and let me ever have the calm power to do well." + }, + { + "id": 387, + "la": "sim tenui victu atque habitu, sim carus amicis et semper genitor sine vulnere nominis huius", + "en": "Let me be moderate in food and dress, dear to my friends, and ever careful to do naught to shame the name of father." + }, + { + "id": 388, + "la": "non animo doleam, non corpore: cuncta suetis fungantur membra officiis: nec saucius ullis partibus amissum quidquam desideret usus", + "en": "In mind and body let me be free from pain: let all my limbs perform their wonted functions, and let not crippled habit mourn the loss of any part." + }, + { + "id": 389, + "la": "pace fruar, securus agam, miracula terrae nulla putem", + "en": "Let me enjoy peace and live quietly, counting as nothing all that astounds on earth." + }, + { + "id": 390, + "la": "suprema dii cum venerit hora, nec timeat mortem bene conscia vita nec optet", + "en": "And when the hour of my last day shall come, grant that the conscience of a life well spent suffer me not to fear death, nor yet long for it." + }, + { + "id": 391, + "la": "purus ab occultis cum te indulgente videbor, omnia despiciam, fuerit cum sola voluptas iudicium sperare tuum; quod dum sua differt tempora cunctaturque dies, procul exige saevum insidiatorem blandis erroribus anguem", + "en": "When, through thy mercy, I shall appear cleansed from my secret faults, let me despise all else, and let my one delight be to await in hope thy judgment. And if that season tarries and the day delays, keep far from me that fierce tempter, the Serpent, with his false allurements." + }, + { + "id": 392, + "la": "Haec pia, sed maesto trepidantia vota reatu, nate, aput aeternum placabilis adsere patrem, salvator, deus ac dominus, mens, gloria, verbum, filius, ex vero verus, de lumine lumen, aeterno cum patre manens, in saecula regnans, consona quem celebrant modulati carmina David: et responsuris ferit aera vocibus amen", + "en": "These prayers of a soul devout, albeit trembling with dark sense of guilt, claim for thine own before the eternal Father, thou Son of God who mayest be entreated, Saviour, God and Lord, Mind, Glory, Word and Son, Very God of Very God, Light of Light, who remainest with the eternal Father, reigning throughout all ages, whose praise the harmonious songs of tuneful David echo forth, until respondent voices rend the air with Amen." + }, + { + "id": 393, + "la": "Satis precum datum deo, quamvis satis numquam reis fiat precatu numinis", + "en": "Now I have prayed enough to God, albeit we sinful men can never entreat Heaven enough." + }, + { + "id": 394, + "la": "habitum forensem da, puer", + "en": "Boy! Bring me my morning coat." + }, + { + "id": 395, + "la": "dicendum amicis est have valeque, quod fit mutuum", + "en": "I must exchange my Hail and Farewell with my friends." + }, + { + "id": 396, + "la": "But since the sun for four full hours has urged on his steeds and now verges towards noon, I needs must speak a word with Sosias", + "en": "quod cum per horas quattuor cursum citatis sol equis inclinet ad meridiem, monendus est iam Sosias." + }, + { + "id": 397, + "la": "Tempus vocandis namque amicis adpetit; ne nos vel illis demoremur prandium, propere per aedes curre vicinas, puer", + "en": "And now the time for inviting my friends draws on. So, that no fault of mine may make them late for lunch, hurry at your best pace, boy, to the neighbours houses'" + }, + { + "id": 398, + "la": "scis ipse, qui sint: iamque dum loquor, redi quinque advocavi;", + "en": "you know without my telling who they are'and back with you before these words are done. I have invited five to lunch;" + }, + { + "id": 399, + "la": "sex enim convivium cum rege iustum:", + "en": "for six persons, counting the host, make the right number for a meal:" + }, + { + "id": 400, + "la": "si super, convicium est abiit; relicti nos sumus cum Sosia", + "en": "if there be more, it is no meal but a mle. Ah, he is off! And I am left to deal with Sosias." + }, + { + "id": 401, + "la": "Cui dono lepidum novum libellum? Veronensis ait poeta quondam inventoque dedit statim Nepoti at nos inlepidum, rudem libellum, burras, quisquilias ineptiasque, credemus gremio cui fovendum?", + "en": "To whom do I give my pretty, new book? quoth the poet of Verona long ago, and, straightway finding Nepos, presented it to him. But this ugly, rough little book'junk, trash, and drivelling'to whose bosom shall I commit it to be cherished?" + }, + { + "id": 402, + "la": "inveni, trepidae silete nugae, nec doctum minus et magis benignum, quam quem Gallia praebuit Catullo", + "en": "I have it! (Peace, my anxious trifles!) Tis one not less learned and more generous than he with whom Gaul1 furnished Catullus." + }, + { + "id": 403, + "la": "hoc nullus mihi carior meorum, quem pluris faciunt novem sorores, quam cunctos alios Marone dempto", + "en": "No one of my own kin is dearer to me than he, and the Nine Sisters esteem him more than all other poets saving Maro." + }, + { + "id": 404, + "la": "Pacatum haut dubie, poeta, dicis? ipse est", + "en": "No doubt, sir Poet, it is Pacatus whom you mean? The very man!" + }, + { + "id": 405, + "la": "intrepide volate, versus, et nidum in gremio fovete tuto", + "en": "Take wing without a fear, my verses, and nestle safely in his bosom." + }, + { + "id": 406, + "la": "hic vos diligere, hic volet tueri; ignoscenda teget, probata tradet: post hunc iudicium timete nullum vale", + "en": "He will be ready to fondle you, he to guard you; he will hide away your shortcomings, will pass on what he approves: after him, fear ye no critic! Farewell." + }, + { + "id": 407, + "la": "Quod vitae sectabor iter, si plena tumultu sunt fora, si curis domus anxia, si peregrinos cura domus sequitur, mercantem si nova semper damna manent, cessare vetat si turpis egestas;", + "en": "What path in life shall I pursue? The courts are full of uproar; the home is vexed with cares; home troubles follow us abroad; the merchant always has fresh losses to expect, and the dread of base poverty forbids his rest;" + }, + { + "id": 408, + "la": "si vexat labor agricolam, mare naufragus horror infamat, poenaeque graves in caelibe vita et gravior cautis custodia vana maritis;", + "en": "the husbandman is worn out with toil; frightful shipwreck lends the sea a grim name; the unwedded life has its sore troubles, but sorer is the futile watch and ward which jealous husbands keep;" + }, + { + "id": 409, + "la": "sanguineum si Martis opus, si turpia lucra faenoris et velox inopes usura trucidat?", + "en": "to serve Mars is a bloody trade; the tarnished gains of interest and swift-mounting usury slaughter the needy." + }, + { + "id": 410, + "la": "omne aevum curae, cunctis sua displicet aetas", + "en": "Every stage of life has its troubles, and no man is content with his own age:" + }, + { + "id": 411, + "la": "sensus abest parvis lactantibus, et puerorum dura rudimenta, et iuvenum temeraria pubes", + "en": "the infant at the breast lacks understanding; boys have hard lessons to afflict them, and youths the rash folly of their kind." + }, + { + "id": 412, + "la": "adflictat fortuna viros per bella, per aequor, irasque insidiasque catenatosque labores mutandos semper gravioribus", + "en": "Hazards still plague the full-grown man, of war or sea, or anger, or deceit, or the long chain of toils to be exchanged for ever heavier." + }, + { + "id": 413, + "la": "ipsa senectus expectata diu votisque optata malignis obicit innumeris corpus lacerabile morbis", + "en": "Old age itself, long looked-for and desired with mean-hearted prayers, exposes the poor body to be torn by diseases beyond number." + }, + { + "id": 414, + "la": "spernimus in commune omnes praesentia; quosdam constat nolle deos fieri", + "en": "With one accord we all scorn our present lot: some (tis well known) care not to become as gods." + }, + { + "id": 415, + "la": "Iuturna reclamat: quo vitam dedit aeternam? cur mortis adempta est condicio?", + "en": "Juturna cries out in protest1: Wherefore did Jove give me eternal life? Why has the lot of death been taken from me?" + }, + { + "id": 416, + "la": "sic Caucasea sub rupe Prometheus testatur Saturnigenam nec nomine cessat incusare Iovem, data sit quod vita perennis", + "en": "Likewise Prometheus, beneath the Caucasian crags, calls upon Saturns son and ceases not to chide Jove by name, because an endless life was given him." + }, + { + "id": 417, + "la": "respice et ad cultus animi", + "en": "Consider, too, the affections of the mind." + }, + { + "id": 418, + "la": "sic nempe pudicum perdidit Hippolytum non felix cura pudoris", + "en": "Thus, mark you, chaste Hippolytus was destroyed by disastrous care for his own chastity." + }, + { + "id": 419, + "la": "e contra inlecebris maculosam degere vitam quem iuvat, adspiciat poenas et crimina regum, Tereos incesti vel mollis Sardanapalli", + "en": "And on the other hand, he who delights to spend a life stained with loose pleasures, should consider how sinful kings are punished, as incestuous Tereus or effeminate Sardanapalus." + }, + { + "id": 420, + "la": "perfidiam vitare monent tria Punica bella; set prohibet servare fidem deleta Saguntos", + "en": "Faithlessness the three Punic Wars warn us to avoid, yet the destruction of Saguntum forbids us to keep faith." + }, + { + "id": 421, + "la": "vive et amicitias semper cole", + "en": "Live your life and always practise friendship:" + }, + { + "id": 422, + "la": "Crimen ob istud Pythagoreorum periit schola docta sophorum", + "en": "that was the very charge which destroyed the learned college of the Pythagorean sages." + }, + { + "id": 423, + "la": "hoc metuens igitur nullas cole", + "en": "Fearing this end, then, make no friendships:" + }, + { + "id": 424, + "la": "Crimen ob istud Timon Palladiis olim lapidatus Athenis", + "en": "that was the very charge on which Timon was stoned of old in Athens, dear to Pallas." + }, + { + "id": 425, + "la": "dissidet ambiguis semper mens obvia votis, nec voluisse homini satis est: optata recusat", + "en": "Conflicting wishes ever beset and distract our hearts, nor is it enough for a man that things are as he wished; for what he once longed to have, he now refuses." + }, + { + "id": 426, + "la": "esse in honore placet, mox paenitet: et dominari ut possint, servire volunt", + "en": "His heart is set on rank and dignities, but presently he regrets his wish: he is content to obey, that he may command one day:" + }, + { + "id": 427, + "la": "idem auctus honore invidiae obicitur", + "en": "he rises to high station, and straightway is exposed to envy." + }, + { + "id": 428, + "la": "pernox est cura disertis; set rudis ornatu vitae caret", + "en": "Learning costs sleepless nights of toil; yet ignorance lacks all that makes life fair." + }, + { + "id": 429, + "la": "esto patronus, et defende reos: set gratia rara clientis", + "en": "Become a pleader and defend the accused: you will find it rare to get a thankful client." + }, + { + "id": 430, + "la": "esto cliens: gravis imperiis persona patroni", + "en": "Well, be a client then: you cannot bear your patrons domineering ways." + }, + { + "id": 431, + "la": "exercent hunc vota patrum: mox aspera curis sollicitudo subit", + "en": "A man prays earnestly to become a father: soon, harsh cares and anxieties steal upon him." + }, + { + "id": 432, + "la": "contemnitur orba senectus et captatoris praeda est heredis egenus", + "en": "Yet, on the other hand, childless old age is scorned; and he who lacks heirs is the fortune-hunters prey." + }, + { + "id": 433, + "la": "vitam parcus agas: avidi lacerabere fama, et largitorem gravius censura notabit", + "en": "Should you live sparingly, people will tear your character to rags for a miser. Be prodigal, and you will incur a heavier charge." + }, + { + "id": 434, + "la": "cuncta tibi adversis contraria casibus", + "en": "All paths in life confront you with unfavourable issues." + }, + { + "id": 435, + "la": "ergo optima Graiorum sententia: quippe homini aiunt non nasci esse bonum aut natum cito morte potiri", + "en": "Therefore the opinion of the Greeks is wisest; for they say that it is good for a man not to be born at all, or, being born, to die quickly." + }, + { + "id": 436, + "la": "Contra sed alterius sectator dogmatis ista quid doceat reprobans, subdita disce legens:", + "en": "But on the other hand, read what follows now, and learn what a follower of another system teaches to refute this." + }, + { + "id": 437, + "la": "Ergo nihil quoniam vita est quod amemus in ista, nec tamen incassum fas est nos credere natos, auctorem vitae si iustum credimus esse, vita alia est nobis illi vivendo paranda, cum quo post istam possimus vivere vitam", + "en": "Therefore, since we have nothing in this life to love, and yet it is wrong for us to believe that we were born in vain, if we believe the Giver of our life is true, tis for another life we must prepare by living for Him, that after this life we may be able to live with Him." + }, + { + "id": 438, + "la": "illi equidem stygias properent descendere ad umbras, Pythagoreorum stolidum qui dogma secuti non nasci sese quam natos vivere malint.", + "en": "Let those, indeed, make haste to go down to the Stygian shades, who, following the foolish doctrine of the Pythagoreans, would rather not be born than, when once born, to live." + }, + { + "id": 439, + "la": "Vir bonus et sapiens, qualem vix repperit unum milibus e cunctis hominum consultus Apollo, iudex ipse sui totum se explorat ad unguem", + "en": "The upright man and wise'Apollo, when invoked,1 could scarce find one such amongst all the thousands of mankind'sits in judgment on himself and searches out his whole self to a hairs breadth." + }, + { + "id": 440, + "la": "ille, dies quam longus erit sub sidere Cancri quantaque nox tropico se porrigit in Capricorno, cogitat et iusto trutinae se examine pendit,", + "en": "However long the day may be when the Crab is in the ascendant, however long the night under the tropic of Capricorn, he reflects and weighs himself by the test of a just balance:" + }, + { + "id": 441, + "la": "ne quid hiet, ne quid protuberet, angulus aequis partibus ut coeat, nil ut deliret amussis, sit solidum, quodcumque subest, nec inania subter indicet admotus digitis pellentibus ictus,", + "en": "there must be no hollows, no projections; the angle must be formed of equal lines, and the rule not deviate a jot; the underlying metal must be sound, and no tap of the finger reveal flaws beneath." + }, + { + "id": 442, + "la": "non prius in dulcem declinans lumina somnum, omnia quam longi reputaverit acta diei:", + "en": "He suffers not sweet sleep to weigh down his eyelids until he has pondered over all things done in the long days course;" + }, + { + "id": 443, + "la": "quae praetergressus, quid gestum in tempore, quid non?", + "en": "what he has left undone, what he has done at the right, what at the wrong moment;" + }, + { + "id": 444, + "la": "cur isti facto decus afuit aut ratio illi?", + "en": "why this action fell short in virtue, or that in sound reason." + }, + { + "id": 445, + "la": "quid mihi praeteritum?", + "en": "What have I left undone?" + }, + { + "id": 446, + "la": "cur haec sententia sedit, quam melius mutare fuit?", + "en": "Why has this opinion become settled which it was better to have changed?" + }, + { + "id": 447, + "la": "miseratus egentem cur aliquem fracta persensi mente dolorem?", + "en": "When I have taken pity on the poor, why have I felt deeply grieved and brokenhearted?" + }, + { + "id": 448, + "la": "quid volui, quod nolle bonum foret?", + "en": "What have I wished which it would have been well not to wish?" + }, + { + "id": 449, + "la": "utile honesto cur malus antetuli?", + "en": "Why have I perversely preferred expediency to honour?" + }, + { + "id": 450, + "la": "num dicto aut denique voltu perstrictus quisquam?", + "en": "Have I by word or even by look wounded any man?" + }, + { + "id": 451, + "la": "cur me natura magis quam disciplina trahit? sic dicta et facta per omnia ingrediens ortoque a vespere cuncta revolvens offensus pravis dat palmam et praemia rectis", + "en": "Why has nature more power over me than self-control? Thus he goes into all his words and acts, and turning all over when evening is come, he condemns the bad and gives the palm and prize to the good." + }, + { + "id": 452, + "la": "Est et Non cuncti monosyllaba nota frequentant his demptis nil est, hominum quod sermo volutet omnia in his et ab his sunt omnia, sive negoti sive oti quidquam est, seu turbida sive quieta", + "en": "Yes and no: all the world constantly uses these familiar monosyllables. Take these away and you leave nothing for the tongue of man to discuss. In them is all, and all from them; be it a matter of business or pleasure, of bustle or repose." + }, + { + "id": 453, + "la": "alterutro pariter nonnumquam, saepe seorsis obsistunt studiis, ut mores ingeniumque ut faciles vel difficiles contentio nancta est", + "en": "Sometimes two parties both use one word or the other at the same time, but often they are opposed, according as men easy or contentious in character and temperament are engaged in discussion." + }, + { + "id": 454, + "la": "si consentitur, mora nulla intervenit Est Est, sin controversum, dissensio subiciet Non.", + "en": "If both agree, forthwith Yea, yea breaks in; but if they dispute, then disagreement will throw in a Nay." + }, + { + "id": 455, + "la": "hinc fora dissultant clamoribus, hinc furiosi iurgia sunt circi, cuneati hinc lata theatri seditio, et tales agitat quoque curia lites", + "en": "From these arises the uproar which splits the air of the courts, from these the feuds of the maddened Circus and the wide-spread partizanship which fills the tiers of the theatre, from these the debates which occupy the Senate." + }, + { + "id": 456, + "la": "coniugia et nati cum patribus ista quietis verba serunt studiis salva pietate loquentes", + "en": "Wives, children, fathers, bandy these two words in peaceful debate without unnatural quarrelling." + }, + { + "id": 457, + "la": "hinc etiam placidis schola consona disciplinis dogmaticas agitat placido certamine lites, hinc omnis certat dialectica turba sophorum", + "en": "They are the instruments with which the schools fit for peaceful learning wage their harmless war of philosophic strife. On them the whole throng of rhetoricians depends in its wordy contests:" + }, + { + "id": 458, + "la": "estne dies? est ergo dies! non convenit istuc;", + "en": "You grant that it is light?1 Yes? Then it is day! No, the point is not granted;" + }, + { + "id": 459, + "la": "nam facibus multis aut fulgeribus quotiens lux est nocturna homini, non est lux ista diei", + "en": "for whenever many torches or lightning-flashes give us light by night, yes, it is light; but that is not the light of day." + }, + { + "id": 460, + "la": "est et Non igitur, quotiens lucem esse fatendum est, set non esse diem", + "en": "It is a case of yes and no then; for we are bound to say: Yes, it is light, and No, it is not day." + }, + { + "id": 461, + "la": "mille hinc certamina surgunt, hinc rauco, multi quoque talia commeditantes murmure concluso rabiosa silentia rodunt", + "en": "There you have the source of countless squabbles: that is why some'nay, many'pondering on such things, smother their gruff protests and bite their lips in raging silence." + }, + { + "id": 462, + "la": "Qualis vita hominum, duo quam monosyllaba ver sant!", + "en": "What a thing is the life of man which two monosyllables toss about!" + }, + { + "id": 463, + "la": "Ter binos deciesque novem super exit in annos iusta senescentum quos implet vita virorum hos novies superat vivendo garrula cornix et quater egreditur cornicis saecula cervus", + "en": "Three times two and nine times ten complete the tale of years whereto the life of men who live to fulness of old age attains. Nine times the chattering crow passes this limit in her span of life, while the stag passes through four times the lifetime of the crow." + }, + { + "id": 464, + "la": "alipedem cervum ter vincit corvus et illum multiplicat novies Phoenix, reparabilis ales", + "en": "Thrice the raven outstrips the swift-footed stag in length of years; while that bird which renews its life, the Phoenix, multiplies ninefold the ravens years." + }, + { + "id": 465, + "la": "quem nos perpetuo decies praevertimus aevo, Nymphae Hamadryades, quarum longissima vita est", + "en": "But we, the Hamadryad Nymphs, the longest-lived of living things, pass through ten lifetimes of the Phoenix in continuous span." + }, + { + "id": 466, + "la": "Haec cohibet finis vivacia fata animantum", + "en": "This limit bounds the lives of living creatures." + }, + { + "id": 467, + "la": "cetera secreti novit deus arbiter aevi, tempora quae Stilbon volvat, quae saecula Phaenon, quos Pyrois habeat, quos Iuppiter igne benigno circuitus, quali properet Venus alma recursu, qui Phoeben, quanti maneant Titana labores, donec consumpto, magnus qui dicitur, anno, rursus in anticum veniant vaga sidera cursum, qualia dispositi steterunt ab origine mundi", + "en": "As for the rest, God, the disposer of all hidden time, knows what periods Stilbon1 and what ages Phaenon2 have to roll, what orbits Pyros3 and the benignant fires of Jupiter must yet fulfil, or in what revolutions kindly Venus hastens on her way, or how long are the toils that yet await Phoebe (the Moon) and Titan (the Sun), before that which they call the Great Year4 reaches its close, and the wandering stars come back again in their ancient courses as they stood at the beginning of the ordered universe." + }, + { + "id": 468, + "la": "Miraris quicumque manere ingentia mundi corpora, sublimi caeli circumdata gyro, et tantae nullam moli intercedere labem, accipe, quod mirere magis", + "en": "Whoso you are who wonder that the vast heavenly bodies still endure, hung round about the lofty circle of the firmament, and that no decay creeps in upon their mighty mass, hearken, that you may wonder yet the more." + }, + { + "id": 469, + "la": "tenuissima tantis principia et nostros non admittentia visus: parvarum serie constant conexa atomorum; set solidum in parvis nullique secabile segmen", + "en": "First-beginnings of utmost fineness and which baffle our sight, are in these great bodies: they hold close together, closely linked in a group of tiny atoms; but in these tiny atoms is a solid particle which cannot be parted." + }, + { + "id": 470, + "la": "unde vigor viresque manent aeternaque rerum mobilitas nulloque umquam superabilis aevo", + "en": "Hence comes it that their strength and power endure, and that these motions are not overcome by any lapse of time." + }, + { + "id": 471, + "la": "divinis humana licet conponere", + "en": "We may compare things human with divine." + }, + { + "id": 472, + "la": "sic est as solidus, quoniam bis sex de partibus aequis constat et in minimis paribus tamen una manet vis", + "en": "In the same way the pound is a solid whole, for it consists of twelve equal parts, and in these equal parts, small though they are, one virtue always abides." + }, + { + "id": 473, + "la": "nam si quid numero minuatur, summa vacillat convulsaeque ruunt labefacto corpore partes", + "en": "For if aught is subtracted from their sum, the total is impaired, the parts are thrown out of place and fall because the frame is ruined." + }, + { + "id": 474, + "la": "ut, medium si quis vellat de fornice saxum, incumbunt cui cuncta, simul devexa sequentur cetera communemque trahent a vertice lapsum; non aliter libra est", + "en": "As, if we were to wrench out from an arch the keystone upon which all the voussoirs1 bear, the rest will follow suit and come to the ground, their general downfall caused by the topmost stone; even so is it with the pound." + }, + { + "id": 475, + "la": "si defuit uncia, totus non erit as nomenque deunx iam cassus habebit", + "en": "If one ounce is wanting, it will no longer be a pound, but being short in weight will be called deunx (eleven-twelfths)." + }, + { + "id": 476, + "la": "nec dextans retinet nomen sextante remoto, et dodrans quadrante satus auctore carebit divulsusque triens prohibet persistere bessem", + "en": "The dextans (five-sixths), too, does not retain that name if a sextans (one-sixth) be taken from it, and the dodrans (three-quarters) will be left without the author of its being if we subtract the quadrans (one-fourth). So, too, the bessis (two-thirds) cannot endure once the triens (one-third) is torn from it." + }, + { + "id": 477, + "la": "iam quincunx tibi nullus erit, si gramma revellas", + "en": "Take away one scruple,2 and you will have no quincunx (five-twelfths) left you." + }, + { + "id": 478, + "la": "et semis cui semis erit pereuntibus assis partibus? et cuius librae pars septima septunx?", + "en": "And how can the semis (one-half) be a half if the fractions of the pound thus waste away? And of what pound will the septunx (seven-twelfths) stand for seven parts?" + }, + { + "id": 479, + "la": "libra igitur, totum si nulla in parte vacillet", + "en": "That is a pound, then, which is impaired in no single part." + }, + { + "id": 480, + "la": "ponderis et numeri morumque operumque et aquarum libra: nec est modulus, quem non hoc nomine signes", + "en": "Weight and number, character, tasks, and waters'all have a libra3: there is no form of regulation which you may not mark with this name." + }, + { + "id": 481, + "la": "telluris, medio quae pendet in aere, libra est et solis lunaeque vias sua libra cohercet", + "en": "There is a libra of the earth, which hangs in mid-air, and a libra of their own controls the paths of the Sun and Moon." + }, + { + "id": 482, + "la": "Libra dii somnique pares determinat horas, libra Caledonios sine litore continet aestus: tu quoque certa mane morum mihi libra meorum", + "en": "Libra measures out equal hours of day and night, a libra curbs the Caledonian tides unaided by the shore: do thou also remain the sure libra of my character." + }, + { + "id": 483, + "la": "Omnia, quae vario rerum metimur in actu, astrorum dominatus agit; terrenaque tantum membra homini: e superis fortuna et spiritus auris septeno moderanda choro: set praesidet ollis sortitus regimen nitidae Sol aureus aethrae", + "en": "The sovereign influence of the stars directs all things which we calculate in Natures manifold activities; it is the limbs of man alone that are of clay: his lot, his life coming from the realms above, must be controlled by the company of the Seven Planets. But chief among them is the golden Sun, to whom the governance of the bright upper air has been allotted." + }, + { + "id": 484, + "la": "nec sola in nobis moderatur tempora vitae, dum breve solliciti spatium producimus aevi:", + "en": "And it is not the seasons of our life alone which he guides in. us, while we spin out the short span of our troubled years:" + }, + { + "id": 485, + "la": "creditur occultosque satus et tempora vitae materno ducenda utero formare videndo et nondum exortae leges conponere vitae", + "en": "creditur occultosque satus et tempora vitae materno ducenda utero formare videndo et nondum exortae leges conponere vitae." + }, + { + "id": 486, + "la": "namque ubi conceptus genitali insederit arvo, haut dubium Solem cuicumque insistere signo", + "en": "For when conception first takes place, the Sun must needs stand in some planetary house, whichever it may be." + }, + { + "id": 487, + "la": "qui cum vicini stationem ceperit astri, contiguos nullum transfundit lumen in ortus", + "en": "And when he has begun to occupy the mansion of the star next in order, he casts no beam of light upon things begotten in the house near by." + }, + { + "id": 488, + "la": "ast ubi conversis post menstrua tempora habenis scandit purpureo iam tertia sidera curru, obliqua exilem demittit linea lucem, adspirans tenues per inertia pondera motus", + "en": "But when, after a months space, he wheels his course and in his glowing car climbs up now into the third constellation, he sheds down upon them a slanting ray of feeble light, breathing some slight stir into the sluggish mass." + }, + { + "id": 489, + "la": "quarta in sede viget primi indulgentia Solis, suadet et infusus teneros coalescere fetus", + "en": "In his fourth station the Sun first makes strong influence felt, and, streaming in, causes the soft foetus to solidify" + }, + { + "id": 490, + "la": "fulgore et trigono aspectus vitale coruscat, clarum et lene micans, quinti qui cardine signi incutit attonitam vegetato infante parentem", + "en": "And with its fire his triangular aspect1 flashes an enlivening glow, beaming bright and mild'that aspect which at the threshold of the fifth sign beats upon the mother, astonished at the quickened life within her." + }, + { + "id": 491, + "la": "nam sexto vis nulla loco, quia nulla tuendi aequati lateris signatur regula Phoebo", + "en": "For in the sixth House the Sun has no power at all, because for Phoebus no line of sight is marked forming a side of any equal-sided figure." + }, + { + "id": 492, + "la": "ast ubi signiferae media in regione cohortis septimus accepit limes rutilantia flammis recto castra situ:", + "en": "But when he has accomplished half his progress through the starry company, and moved his blazing camp across the frontiers of the seventh House," + }, + { + "id": 493, + "la": "turgentis foedera partus iam plena sub luce videt, nec fulgura parci luminis intendens toto fovet igne coronae", + "en": "then he looks upon the ever-growing embryo with a direct aspect and in full flood of light; then he pours down his beams upon it without stint and warms it with all the heat of his fiery crown." + }, + { + "id": 494, + "la": "hinc illud, quod legitimos Lucina labores praevenit et gravidos sentit subrepere nixus ante expectatum festina puerpera votum;", + "en": "And the reason why Lucina sometimes comes before the appointed hour of travail, and why she who is with child feels the pangs of labour stealing over her before the time awaited with prayers," + }, + { + "id": 495, + "la": "quod nisi, septeno cum lumina fudit ab astro, impulerit tardi claustra obluctantia partus, posterior nequeat, possit prior: an quia sexto aemulus octavi conspectus inutilis astri nescit conpariles laterum formare figuras?", + "en": "is that, had he not shaken the reluctant bars restraining birth at the time when he poured his light from the place of the seventh sign, the Sun could not afterwards effect what he could have done before. Or can this be the cause, that the ineffective glance of the eighth planet, as of the sixth, cannot form any equal-sided figure?" + }, + { + "id": 496, + "la": "set nono incumbens signo cunctantia matrum vota levat, trigono vires sociante sequenti", + "en": "But when he occupies the ninth sign, he brings relief to the long-drawn prayers of mothers, the resultant triangle1 joining its power with his" + }, + { + "id": 497, + "la": "at si difficilis rursum trahit Ilithyia, tetragono absolvet dubiarum vincla morarum", + "en": "Yet if perverse Ilithyia tarries once again, he will break through the bonds of hesitation and delay when he passes on to assume his quadrilateral aspect (in the tenth sign)." + }, + { + "id": 498, + "la": "Nomina, quae septem vertentibus apta diebus annus habet, totidem errantes fecere planetae, quos indefessa volvens vertigine mundus signorum obliqua iubet in statione vagari", + "en": "The names borne by the seven days recurring throughout the year, are given by as many planets, which the firmament rolls along in unwearied revolutions, bidding them roam amid the stars which stand athwart them." + }, + { + "id": 499, + "la": "primum supremumque diem radiatus habet Sol", + "en": "The first day and the last the raycrowned Sun holds for his own." + }, + { + "id": 500, + "la": "proxima fraternae succedit Luna coronae", + "en": "The Moon next succeeds to her brothers crown." + }, + { + "id": 501, + "la": "tertius adsequitur Titania lumina Mavors", + "en": "Mars, following these Titan lights, is counted third." + }, + { + "id": 502, + "la": "Mercurius quarti sibi vindicat astra diei", + "en": "Mercury claims for his own the stars of the fourth day." + }, + { + "id": 503, + "la": "illustrant quintam Iovis aurea sidera zonam", + "en": "The golden star of Jupiter illumines the fifth zone;" + }, + { + "id": 504, + "la": "sexta salutigerum sequitur Venus alma parentem", + "en": "and in the sixth place kindly Venus follows the health-bringing father of the gods." + }, + { + "id": 505, + "la": "cuncta supergrediens Saturni septima lux est octavum instaurat revolubilis orbita Solem", + "en": "The seventh day is Saturns, and comes last of all; for on the eighth the circling orbit restores the Sun once more." + }, + { + "id": 506, + "la": "Primus Romanas ordiris, Iane, kalendas", + "en": "Thou, Janus, beginnest the first calends of the Roman year." + }, + { + "id": 507, + "la": "Februa vicino mense Numa instituit", + "en": "Numa established the Februa1 in the next month." + }, + { + "id": 508, + "la": "Martius antiqui primordia protulit anni", + "en": "The month of Mars brought in the opening of the old-style year." + }, + { + "id": 509, + "la": "fetiferum Aprilem vindicat alma Venus", + "en": "Kindly Venus claims April, month of fertility." + }, + { + "id": 510, + "la": "maiorum dictus patrum de nomine Maius", + "en": "May was so called to celebrate our ancestors." + }, + { + "id": 511, + "la": "Iunius aetatis proximus est titulo", + "en": "June is the title of the next period in the year." + }, + { + "id": 512, + "la": "nomine Caesareo Quintilem Iulius auget", + "en": "Julius enriched Quintilis with a Caesars name.3" + }, + { + "id": 513, + "la": "Augustus nomen Caesareum sequitur autumnum, Pomona, tuum September opimat", + "en": "August follows Caesars name.4 September brings Autumn, thy season, O Pomona, with wealth of fruits." + }, + { + "id": 514, + "la": "triticeo October faenore ditat agros", + "en": "October enriches the fields with usury of grain." + }, + { + "id": 515, + "la": "sidera praecipitas pelago, intempeste November", + "en": "Thou hurlest the stars headlong into the sea, unwholesome November." + }, + { + "id": 516, + "la": "tu genialem hiemem, feste December, agis", + "en": "Thou spendest cheerful winter, festal December." + }, + { + "id": 517, + "la": "Iane nove, primo qui das tua nomina mensi, lane bifrons, spectas tempora bina simul post superum cultus vicino Februa mense dat Numa cognatis manibus inferias", + "en": "Young Janus, who givest thy name to the first month of the year, twy-faced Janus, thou dost behold two seasons at one time. After worship of the gods, Numa ordains Februa in the next month, a feast of offerings to the shades of kinsfolk." + }, + { + "id": 518, + "la": "Martius et generis Romani praesul et anni, prima dabas Latiis tempora consulibus", + "en": "Martian, leader both of the Roman race and year, thou wast wont to bring in the beginning of the Latin consulate." + }, + { + "id": 519, + "la": "Aeneadum genetrix vicino nomen Aprili das Venus: est Marti namque Aphrodita comes", + "en": "Mother of the sons of Aeneas, thou, Venus, givest thy name to April, the month which follows next; for Aphrodite keeps Mars company." + }, + { + "id": 520, + "la": "Maia dea, an maior Maium te fecerit aetas, ambigo; sed mensi est auctor uterque bonus", + "en": "I am in doubt whether the goddess Maia or generations passed (maiores) named thee May, but either is a good patron for a month." + }, + { + "id": 521, + "la": "Iunius hunc sequitur duplici celebrandus honore, seu nomen Iuno sive Iuventa dedit", + "en": "June follows next with double title to renown, whether it was Juno or Juventa who lent her name." + }, + { + "id": 522, + "la": "inde Dionaeo praefulgens Iulius astro aestatis mediae tempora certa tenet", + "en": "Then July, brilliant with Diones star,1 occupies the fixed season of midsummer." + }, + { + "id": 523, + "la": "Augustus sequitur cognatum a Caesare nomen, ordine sic anni proximus, ut generis", + "en": "Augustus month follows that named after his kinsman Julius, next in the years order even as he in race." + }, + { + "id": 524, + "la": "nectuntur post hos numerumque ex ordine signant:", + "en": "Next comes a string of months marked by successive numbers:" + }, + { + "id": 525, + "la": "September, Bacchi munere praela rigans, et qui sementis per tempora faenore laetus October cupidi spem fovet agricolae, quique salo mergens sollemnia signa November praecipitat, caelo mox reditura suo", + "en": "September, who soaks the presses with Bacchus gift; October, gladdened with the seasons usury for seedling grain, who flatters the grasping farmers hopes; November, who casts headlong her appointed stars, and plunges them in the brine, soon to return to heaven their home." + }, + { + "id": 526, + "la": "concludens numerum genialia festa December finit, ut a bruma mox novus annus eat", + "en": "December closes the list and ends our cheerful feasts, that from winter a new year may presently go forth." + }, + { + "id": 527, + "la": "Bis senas anno reparat Lucina kalendas et totidem medias dat currere Iuppiter idus nonarumque diem faciunt infra octo secundi", + "en": "Twelve times a year Lucina renews the Calends, and as often do the Ides recur by Joves gift at the mid-month, while eight successive days before1 produce the Nones." + }, + { + "id": 528, + "la": "haec sunt Romano tantum tria nomina mensi; cetera per numeros sunt cognomenta dierum", + "en": "The Roman month has these three names alone: all other days are known by numerals." + }, + { + "id": 529, + "la": "Inplent tricenas per singula menstrua luces Iunius Aprilisque et cum Septembre November", + "en": "June, April, and November, with September, each month of these has thirty days." + }, + { + "id": 530, + "la": "unum ter denis cumulatius adde diebus per septem menses, Iani Martisque kalendis et quas Maius agit, quas Iulius Augustusque et quas October positusque in fine December", + "en": "For each of seven months add one besides to thrice ten days, one to the Calends of Janus and of Mars, and one to those which May, July, and August bring, and one to October and December, the last month of all." + }, + { + "id": 531, + "la": "unus erit tantum duodetriginta dierum, quem Numa praeposito voluit succedere Iano", + "en": "A single month remains with but eight and twenty days, that month which Numa caused to follow next to Janus, the leader of the year." + }, + { + "id": 532, + "la": "sic ter centenis decies accedere senos quadrantemque et quinque dies sibi conputat annus", + "en": "Thus the year reckons its days to be three hundred and sixty-five, with one quarter day." + }, + { + "id": 533, + "la": "At nonas modo quarta aperit, modo sexta refert lux", + "en": "Sometimes the fourth dawn after the Calends opens the Nones, sometimes the sixth brings them back." + }, + { + "id": 534, + "la": "sexta refert Mai Octobris Martisque recursu et qui solstitio sua tempora Iulius infert", + "en": "The sixth brings them back as May, October, March come round, and July, who intrudes his season on the solstice." + }, + { + "id": 535, + "la": "cetera pars mensum quartis est praedita nonis;", + "en": "The remaining months have their Nones on the fourth day;" + }, + { + "id": 536, + "la": "omnes vero idus octava luce recurrunt", + "en": "while the Ides always come round on the eighth day after Nones." + }, + { + "id": 537, + "la": "Post idus, quas quisque suas habet ordine mensis, diversae numero redeunt variante kalendae, dum [vertente anno1] rursumque iterumque vocantur, ut tandem optati procedant temporis ortu", + "en": "After the Ides, which each month reckons in its own way, the Calends return, varying with changing number, while, as the year rolls on, they are summoned again and yet once more, so that at length they may come forth at the rising of their desired season." + }, + { + "id": 538, + "la": "ter senis unoque die genialia festa porrigit, ut Ianum arcessat nova bruma morantem", + "en": "For thrice six days and one the new-come winter prolongs feasts and cheer ere he summon lingering Janus." + }, + { + "id": 539, + "la": "hoc numero mensisque Numae redit autumnique principium referens Bacchi September alumnus", + "en": "With the same tale of days Numas month returns, and September, Bacchus darling, who brings round the first days of Autumn." + }, + { + "id": 540, + "la": "Iulius et Maius positusque in fine December Octoberque die revocatur tardius uno", + "en": "July, May, and December, the last of months, are recalled with October one day later." + }, + { + "id": 541, + "la": "inde die redeunt minus uno quattuor ultra, quos numero adiciam: Sextilis, Iunius atque Aprilis, post quos paenultima meta November", + "en": "Then one day sooner return four months beside, which I will add to the list: Sextilis (August), June, and April, and after them November, the years last goal but one" + }, + { + "id": 542, + "la": "ter quinis unoque die, Iunonie Mavors, ut redeas referasque exordia prima, cieris", + "en": "By thrice five days and one, thou son of Juno, Mars, art summoned to return and to bring back the years first beginning." + }, + { + "id": 543, + "la": "Hoc numero ad plenum vertens reparabitur annus", + "en": "This tale will bring the rolling year once more to its full strength." + }, + { + "id": 544, + "la": "Nonaginta dies et quattuor ac medium Sol conficit, a tropico in tropicum dum permeat astrum, octipedem in Cancrum Phrixeo ab Ariete pergens", + "en": "Ninety days and four and half a day the Sun wears out while he passes from tropic2 to tropic star, journeying from Phrixus Ram to the eight-clawed Crab." + }, + { + "id": 545, + "la": "hoc spatio aestivi pulsusque et meta diei", + "en": "In this period lie the course and finish of the summer days." + }, + { + "id": 546, + "la": "semidiemque duosque dies deciesque novenos a Cancro in Chelas aequatae tempora noctis atque dii cursu peragit Sol aureus altero, autumni aestatisque simul confinia miscens", + "en": "Ten times nine days and two and half a day, when hours of light and night are even, the golden Sun passes through in his second race from the Crab to the claws of the Scorpion, mingling the bounds of autumn and of summer." + }, + { + "id": 547, + "la": "unde autumnales transcurrens ordine menses ad tropicum pergit signum gelidi Capricorni, octo dies decies octonis insuper addens quadrantemque dii, quinto qui protinus anno mense Numae extremo nomen capit embolimaei", + "en": "Then, traversing the autumn months in turn, he passes on to the tropic1 star of chill Capricorn, adding further to his tale eight days and ten times eight with a fourth part of the day, which in each fourth year stands at the close of Numas month and takes the name of intercalary." + }, + { + "id": 548, + "la": "inde ad Agenorei festinans cornua Tauri, scandit Lanigeri tropicum Sol aureus astrum, nonaginta dies decreto fine cohercens", + "en": "Then, hastening toward the horns of Agenors Bull, the golden Sun climbs up to the tropic star of the fleecy Ram, confining ninety days within ordained bounds." + }, + { + "id": 549, + "la": "hic tibi circus erit semper vertentibus annis ter centum ac senis decies et quinque diebus", + "en": "Here, then, you have the full round of the ever-circling years: three hundred and three score days and five." + }, + { + "id": 550, + "la": "Principium Iani sancit tropicus Capricornus", + "en": "The tropic star of Capricorn prescribes the opening of Januss reign." + }, + { + "id": 551, + "la": "mense Numae in medio solidi stat sidus Aquari", + "en": "In the midst of Numas month stands the sign of stout Aquarius." + }, + { + "id": 552, + "la": "procedunt duplices in Martia tempora Pisces", + "en": "The Fishes twain come forth in days of March." + }, + { + "id": 553, + "la": "respicis Apriles, Aries Phryxe, kalendas", + "en": "Thou, Ram of Phrixus, lookest back on Aprils calends." + }, + { + "id": 554, + "la": "Maius Agenorei miratur cornua Tauri", + "en": "May marvels at the horns of Agenors Bull." + }, + { + "id": 555, + "la": "Iunius aequatos caelo videt ire Laconas", + "en": "June sees the Spartan twins march in the heavens" + }, + { + "id": 556, + "la": "solstitio ardentis Cancri fert Iulius astrum", + "en": "July brings the star of the Crab which blazes at the solstice." + }, + { + "id": 557, + "la": "Augustum mensem Leo fervidus igne perurit", + "en": "The raging lion scorches the month of August with his fires." + }, + { + "id": 558, + "la": "sidere, Virgo, tuo Bacchum September opimat, aequat et October sementis tempore Libram", + "en": "Beneath thy star, O Virgin, September loads the vines. Octobers seed-time balances the Scales." + }, + { + "id": 559, + "la": "Scorpios hibernus praeceps iubet ire Novembrem", + "en": "The wintry Scorpion bids November go headlong." + }, + { + "id": 560, + "la": "The Archer ends his shining in mid-December", + "en": "terminat Arquitenens medio sua signa Decembri." + }, + { + "id": 561, + "la": "Sol profectus a teporo veris aequinoctio post semidiem postque totos nonaginta et quattuor fervidis flagrans habenis pulsum aestivum conficit", + "en": "The Sun sets forth from the warm equinox of spring, and, all aglow upon his fiery car, finishes his course through summer after one half-day and after four and ninety days complete." + }, + { + "id": 562, + "la": "inde autumnus noctis horas librans aequo lumine octo et octoginta goeris et super trihorio inde floridum reflexis ver revisit oreis additis ad hos priores goeros geminis orbibus", + "en": "Then autumn, balancing the hours of night with equal measure of light, for eight and eighty days and three hours besides. . . .1 Then wheeling round his steeds, once more he2 visits flowery spring, when he has added two circuits to these former days.3" + }, + { + "id": 563, + "la": "Aeternos menses et tempora quattuor anni quattuor ista tibi subiecta monosticha dicent Martius, Aprilis, Maius sunt tempora veris", + "en": "These four verses following will tell you the eternal months and the four seasons of the year. March, April, May, make up the season of spring." + }, + { + "id": 564, + "la": "Iulius, Augustus nec non et Iunius aestas", + "en": "June, with July and August'these are summer months." + }, + { + "id": 565, + "la": "Septembri, Octobri autumnat totoque Novembri", + "en": "In September, October, and all November, autumn reigns." + }, + { + "id": 566, + "la": "brumales Ianus, Februarius atque December", + "en": "The winter months are January, February, and December." + }, + { + "id": 567, + "la": "Quattuor antiquos celebravit Achaia ludos", + "en": "Four gatherings for games did Greece celebrate of old." + }, + { + "id": 568, + "la": "caelicolum duo sunt et duo festa hominum", + "en": "Two are festivals of gods and two of men." + }, + { + "id": 569, + "la": "sacra Iovis Phoebique, Palaemonis Archemorique, serta quibus pinus, malus, oliva, apium", + "en": "They are consecrate to Jove, Phoebus, Palaemon, and Archemorus, and their garlands are of pine, apple, olive-leaves, and parsley." + }, + { + "id": 570, + "la": "Prima Iovi magno celebrantur Olympia Pisae", + "en": "First in honour of great Jove the Olympian Games are held at Pisa." + }, + { + "id": 571, + "la": "Parnasus Clario sacravit Pythia Phoebo", + "en": "Parnassus consecrated the Pythia to Phoebus, lord of Claros." + }, + { + "id": 572, + "la": "Isthmia Portuno bimari dicat alta Corinthos", + "en": "To Portumnus, god of twin seas, lofty Corinth dedicates the Isthmia." + }, + { + "id": 573, + "la": "Archemori Nemeaea colunt funebria Thebae", + "en": "Thebes celebrates the Nemea in memory of the death of Archemorus." + }, + { + "id": 574, + "la": "Primus Olympiacae sacravit festa coronae Iuppiter Argivi stadia ad longissima circi", + "en": "Jupiter first hallowed the festival of the Olympian Games at the long race-course of the Grecian stadium." + }, + { + "id": 575, + "la": "proximus Alcides Nemeum sacravit honorem", + "en": "Next did the son of Alcaeus found the solemn Nemean rite." + }, + { + "id": 576, + "la": "These festivals also are held at appointed seasons once in four years'the Isthmia, established by Neptune, and the Pythia by Phoebus, in honour of the dead worshipped both as human and divine", + "en": "haec quoque temporibus quinquennia sacra notandis, Isthmia Neptuno data sunt et Pythia Phoebo ancipiti cultu divorum hominumque sepultis" + }, + { + "id": 577, + "la": "Tantalidae Pelopi maestum dicat Elis honorem", + "en": "To Pelops, son of Tantalus, Elis dedicates its tribute of woe." + }, + { + "id": 578, + "la": "Archemori Nemeaea colunt quinquennia Thebae", + "en": "Thebes holds the Nemea each five years in honour of Archemorus." + }, + { + "id": 579, + "la": "Isthmia defuncto celebrata Palaemone notum", + "en": "Tis known that the Isthmia commemorate Palaemons end." + }, + { + "id": 580, + "la": "Pythia placando Delphi statuere draconi", + "en": "The Delphians instituted their Pythian festival to appease the dragon slain by Phoebus." + }, + { + "id": 581, + "la": "Nunc et Apollineos Tiberina per ostia ludos et Megalesiacae matris operta loquar Vulcanique dies, autumni exordia primi, Quinquatrusque deae Pallados expediam et medias idus Mai Augustique recursu, quas sibi Mercurius quasque Diana dicat;", + "en": "Now will I tell of the Games of Apollo held at Tibers mouth1 and of the Mysteries of the Megalesian mother,2 and will recount Vulcans festival that heralds autumns beginning, and the Quinquatrus,3 the feast of the goddess Pallas, and the mid-monthly Ides which come round with May and August'the first is Mercurys festival,4 the second Diana5 claims as her own'" + }, + { + "id": 582, + "la": "matronae quae sacra colant pro laude virorum, Mavortis primi cum rediere dies", + "en": "as also those rites6 which wedded women practise to bring their husbands credit, when the first day of March is returned." + }, + { + "id": 583, + "la": "festa Caprotinis memorabo celebria nonis, cum stola matronis dempta teget famulas", + "en": "I will make mention also of the feast held on the Nonae Caprotinae7 when matrons doff their robes to clothe their handmaidens," + }, + { + "id": 584, + "la": "quattuor illa etiam discretis partibus anni solstitia et luces nocte dieque pares", + "en": "and of those seasons, too, which separate the year into four parts, the solstices and the equinoxes, when night and day are equal." + }, + { + "id": 585, + "la": "nec Regifugium pulsis ex urbe tyrannis laetum Romanis fas reticere diem", + "en": "Nor dare I pass over in silence the Regifugium,8 that glad day for the Romans when they drove their tyrants out." + }, + { + "id": 586, + "la": "visne Opis ante sacrum vel Saturnalia dicam festaque servorum, cum famulantur eri?", + "en": "Or would you have me speak first of the feast of Ops,9 or of the Saturn alia, the slaves holiday, when masters turn servants?" + }, + { + "id": 587, + "la": "et numquam certis redeuntia festa diebus, compita per vicos cum sua quisque colit?", + "en": "And of those feasts which never come round on fixed days, when each man worships at the crossways10 according to the district in which he lives?" + }, + { + "id": 588, + "la": "aut duplicem cultum, quem Neptunalia dicunt, et quem de Conso consiliisque vocant?", + "en": "Or of those twin celebrations'that which they call Neptunalia,1 and that which is named after Consus and good counsel?" + }, + { + "id": 589, + "la": "festa haec navigiis, aut quae celebrata quadrigis iungunt Romanos finitimosque duces?", + "en": "Of this festival which is celebrated with naval battles, or that with chariotraces, which unite the Romans and their neighbour-chiefs?" + }, + { + "id": 590, + "la": "adiciam cultus peregrinaque sacra deorum, natalem Herculeum vel ratis Isiacae, nec non lascivi Floralia laeta theatri, quae spectare volunt, qui voluisse negant?", + "en": "Shall I tell also of the festivals and rites of strange gods introduced into Rome, of the birthday of Hercules or the day2 of the Bark of Isis, and also the merry rites of Flora3 held in the licentious theatre'rites which they long to see who declare they never longed to see them?" + }, + { + "id": 591, + "la": "nunc etiam veteres celebrantur Equirria ludi: prima haec Romanus nomina circus habet", + "en": "Now also the ancient games called Equiria4 are held: tis the chief name known to the Roman circus." + }, + { + "id": 592, + "la": "et Dionysiacos Latio cognomine ludos Roma colit, Liber quae sibi vota dicat", + "en": "The Dionysiac Games Rome also keeps under a Latin name, the same which Liber claims as consecrate to himself." + }, + { + "id": 593, + "la": "Aediles etiam plebi aedilesque curules sacra Sigillorum nomine dicta colunt", + "en": "The aediles also of the plebs and curule aediles observe the feast called Sigillaria" + }, + { + "id": 594, + "la": "et gladiatores funebria proelia notum decertasse foro: nunc sibi harena suos vindicat extremo qui iam sub fine Decembris falcigerum placant sanguine Caeligenam", + "en": "And that gladiators once fought out funerary battles in the forum is well known7; now the arena claims as its own proper prey those who towards the end of December appease with their blood the sickle-bearing Son of Heaven." + }, + { + "id": 595, + "la": "Prima Cleonaei tolerata aerumna leonis", + "en": "The first toil endured was that of the Cleonaean lion.2" + }, + { + "id": 596, + "la": "proxima Lernaeam ferro et face contudit hydram", + "en": "The next with sword and brand crushed the Lyrnaean hydra" + }, + { + "id": 597, + "la": "mox Erymantheum vis tertia perculit aprum", + "en": "The third exploit presently destroyed the boar of Erymanthus" + }, + { + "id": 598, + "la": "aeripedis quarto tulit aurea cornua cervi", + "en": "Fourthly he carried off the golden antlers of the fleet-footed stag." + }, + { + "id": 599, + "la": "Stymphalidas pepulit volucres discrimine quinto", + "en": "In his fifth adventure he shot down the Stymphalian birds." + }, + { + "id": 600, + "la": "Thraeiciam sexto spoliavit Amazona balteo", + "en": "Sixthly he despoiled the Thracian Amazon of her belt." + }, + { + "id": 601, + "la": "septima in Augei stabulis inpensa laboris", + "en": "His seventh labour was spent upon the stables of Augeas." + }, + { + "id": 602, + "la": "octava expulso numeratur adoria tauro", + "en": "The bull driven out of Crete3 is counted his eighth glory." + }, + { + "id": 603, + "la": "in Diomedeis victoria nona quadrigis", + "en": "The team of Diomedes brought his ninth victory." + }, + { + "id": 604, + "la": "Geryone extincto decimam dat Hiberia palmam", + "en": "Spain gives him his tenth palm for slaying Geryones." + }, + { + "id": 605, + "la": "undecimo mala Hesperidum destricta triumpho", + "en": "The plucked apples of the Hesperides made his eleventh triumph." + }, + { + "id": 606, + "la": "Cerberus extremi suprema est meta laboris", + "en": "Cerberus is the final goal of his last labour." + }, + { + "id": 607, + "la": "Quinti Ciceronis hi Versus eo Pertinentut quod Signum quo Tempore inlustre sitnoverimus", + "en": "These Verses of Quintus Cicero are intended to show us at what Season each Constellation is shining, a subject which I have also explained in a previous poem" + }, + { + "id": 608, + "la": "Quod superius quoque nostris Versibus expeditur Flamina verna cient obscuro lumine Pisces curriculumque Aries aequat noctisque diique, cornua quem condunt florum praenuntia Tauri, aridaque aestatis Gemini primordia pandunt, longaque iam munit praeclarus lumina Cancer, languificosque Leo proflat ferus ore calores", + "en": "The Fishes, showing a dim light, awaken the breezes of spring, and the Ram makes the cars of Night and Day run an even race. He is eclipsed by the horns of the Bull, the harbingers of flowers. The Twins bring in the dry opening of summer, the brilliant Crab establishes the lengthening days, and the fierce Lion breathes from his mouth enfeebling heat." + }, + { + "id": 609, + "la": "post modium quatiens Virgo fugat orta vaporem: autumni reserat portas aequatque diurna tempora nocturnis dispenso sidere Libra", + "en": "Then the Virgin, brandishing her measure,1 rises and drives moisture away. The constellation of the Scales, equally poised, opens the gates of Autumn and makes even the hours of night and day." + }, + { + "id": 610, + "la": "ecfetos ramos denudat flamma Nepai, pigra Sagittipotens iaculatur frigora terris, bruma gelu glacians iubar exspirat Capricorni, quam sequitur nebulas rorans liquor altus Aquari", + "en": "Nepas2 fires strip the oerteemed3 branches of their leaves, the Archer rains shafts of numbing cold upon the earth, Winter, freezing with her frosty breath, sends forth Capricornus ray, and after her comes Aquarius, whose pitcher from on high bedews the clouds." + }, + { + "id": 611, + "la": "tanta supra circaque viget vis flammea mundi", + "en": "So great the fiery forces of the universe which strongly move above it and about." + }, + { + "id": 612, + "la": "at dextra laevaque ciet rota fulgida Solis mobile curriculum et Lunae simulacra feruntur", + "en": "But on the right hand and the left the ever-moving chariot of the Sun speeds on with burning wheels, and the pale image of the Moon moves on its course" + }, + { + "id": 613, + "la": "squama sub aeterno conspectu torta Draconis eminet", + "en": "the Dragons scaly coils ever keep in sight." + }, + { + "id": 614, + "la": "hunc infra fulgentes Arcera septem magna quatit stellas: quam servans serus in alta conditur oceani ripa cum luce Botes", + "en": "Below him twinkles the great Wain with its seven gleaming stars, while keeping watch over it, Bootes is slow to hide his light below Oceans brink." + }, + { + "id": 615, + "la": "Hic Versus sine Auctore est Quo Die quid Demi de Corpore Oporteat Ungues Mercurio, barbam love, Cypride crines", + "en": "This Line, which is Anonymous, shows what should be Removed from the Body oncertain Days Clip nails on Tuesday, beards on Wednesday, hair on Friday.4" + }, + { + "id": 616, + "la": "Hoc sic Refellendum Mercurius furtis probat ungues semper acutos articulisque aciem non sinit imminui", + "en": "The above Line may be Confuted in the following Way Mercury likes a thiefs nails ever-sharpened, and suffers not the fingers to lose their points." + }, + { + "id": 617, + "la": "barba Iovi, crines Veneri decor: ergo necesse est, ut nolint demi, quo sibi uterque placent", + "en": "His beard is Joves, her hair is Venus glory: therefore these needs must mislike the minishing of that in which they severally delight." + }, + { + "id": 618, + "la": "Mavors imberbos et calvos, Luna, adamasti: non prohibent comi tum caput atque genas", + "en": "Thou, Mars, lovest the beardless,1 and thou, Moon, the bald: these do not forbid hair and cheeks to be trimmed." + }, + { + "id": 619, + "la": "Sol et Saturnus nil obstant unguibus: ergo non placitum divis tolle monostichium", + "en": "The Sun and Saturn have no scruples as to nails: therefore cancel that line of which gods disapprove." + }, + { + "id": 620, + "la": "Si tineas cariemque pati te, charta, necesse est, incipe versiculis ante perire meis", + "en": "If worms and decay must needs be thy lot, my sheet, begin to perish under my verses first." + }, + { + "id": 621, + "la": "malo, inquis, tineis.", + "en": "Rather, thou sayest, the worms." + }, + { + "id": 622, + "la": "sapis, aerumnose libelle, perfungi mavis quod leviore malo", + "en": "Wisely, my woeful little book, dost thou choose to endure the lesser evil." + }, + { + "id": 623, + "la": "ast ego damnosae nolo otia perdere Musae, iacturam somni quae parit atque olei", + "en": "But I like not to lose the leisure given to the wasteful Muse, who causes loss of slumber and lamp-oil too." + }, + { + "id": 624, + "la": "utilius dormire fuit, quam perdere somnum atque oleum.", + "en": "It had been better to sleep than to lose both slumber and oil." + }, + { + "id": 625, + "la": "bene ais: causa sed ista mihi est:", + "en": "Well said: but this is my reason for it." + }, + { + "id": 626, + "la": "irascor Proculo, cuius facundia tanta est, quantus honos", + "en": "I am angry with Proculus1 whose eloquence is equal to his rank." + }, + { + "id": 627, + "la": "scripsit plurima, quae cohibet", + "en": "He has written reams, but keeps all close." + }, + { + "id": 628, + "la": "hunc studeo ulcisci; et prompta est ultio vati: qui sua non edit carmina, nostra legat", + "en": "On him I long to be avenged, and a poet has vengeance ready to hand: let him who publishes not his own verse read mine." + }, + { + "id": 629, + "la": "huius in arbitrio est, seu te iuvenescere cedro, seu iubeat duris vermibus esse cibum", + "en": "For him is it to decide whether to bid thee keep thy youth with cedar oil,2 or to be food for cruel worms." + }, + { + "id": 630, + "la": "huic ego, quod nobis superest ignobilis oti, deputo, sive legat, quae dabo, sive tegat", + "en": "To him I commit all that I have to show for my inglorious leisure, either to scan what I shall give him or to ban it." + }, + { + "id": 631, + "la": "Fama est fictilibus cenasse Agathoclea regem atque abacum Samio saepe onerasse luto, fercula gemmatis cum poneret horrida vasis et misceret opes pauperiemque simul", + "en": "Tis said that Agathocles1 when king dined off earthen plates and that his sideboard oft bare a load of Samian ware, whereas he used to lay his rustic trays with jewelled cups, thus mingling wealth and poverty together." + }, + { + "id": 632, + "la": "quaerenti causam respondit: Rex ego qui sum Sicaniae, figulo sum genitore satus.", + "en": "To one who asked his reason he replied: I, who am king of Sicily, was born a potters son." + }, + { + "id": 633, + "la": "fortunam reverenter habe, quicumque repente dives ab exili progrediere loco", + "en": "Bear good fortune modestly, whoeer thou art who from a lowly place shall rise suddenly to riches." + }, + { + "id": 634, + "la": "Toxica zelotypo dedit uxor moecha marito, nec satis ad mortem credidit esse datum", + "en": "A faithless wife gave poison to her jealous spouse, but believed that not enough was given to cause death." + }, + { + "id": 635, + "la": "miscuit argenti letalia pondera vivi, cogeret ut celerem vis geminata necem", + "en": "She added quicksilver of deadly weight, that the poisons redoubled strength might force on a speedy end." + }, + { + "id": 636, + "la": "dividat haec si quis, faciunt discreta venenum;", + "en": "If one keep these apart, separate they act as poison;" + }, + { + "id": 637, + "la": "antidotum sumet, qui sociata bibet", + "en": "whoso shall drink them together, will take an antidote." + }, + { + "id": 638, + "la": "ergo inter sese dum noxia pocula certant, cessit letalis noxa salutiferae", + "en": "Therefore while these baleful draughts strove with each other, the deadly force yielded to the wholesome." + }, + { + "id": 639, + "la": "protinus et vacuos alvi petiere recessus, lubrica deiectis qua via nota cibis", + "en": "Forthwith they sought the void recesses of the belly by the accustomed easy path for swallowed food." + }, + { + "id": 640, + "la": "quam pia cura deum!", + "en": "Mark well the loving kindness of the gods!" + }, + { + "id": 641, + "la": "prodest crudelior uxor: et, cum fata volunt, bina venena iuvant", + "en": "A wife too ruthless is a gain, and, when the Fates will, two poisons work for good." + }, + { + "id": 642, + "la": "Languentem Gaium moriturum dixerat olim Eunomus evasit fati ope, non medici", + "en": "Eunomus had once pronounced that Gaius would die of his sickness. He slipped away, Fate'not the doctor'aiding." + }, + { + "id": 643, + "la": "Latratus catulorum, hinnitus fingis equorum, caprigenumque pecus lanigerosque greges balatu adsimulas; asinos quoque rudere dicas, cum vis Arcadicum fingere, Marce, pecus", + "en": "Whelps barking, horses neighing thou dost copy, and imitate the bleating of herds of goats and woolly flocks, and a man would say asses were braying, when thou, Marcus, wouldst mimic the Arcadian herd." + }, + { + "id": 644, + "la": "gallorum cantus et ovantes gutture corvos et quidquid vocum belua et ales habet, omnia cum simules ita vere, ut ficta negentur, non potes humanae vocis habere sonum", + "en": "The cocks crow, the ravens throaty caw and whatever cry is uttered by beast or bird'though these thou canst imitate so naturally that no one believes them feigned, thou canst not command the sound of the human voice." + }, + { + "id": 645, + "la": "Emendata potest quaenam vox esse magistri, nomen qui proprium cum vitio loquitur?", + "en": "How can a master speak a word correctly who cannot utter his own name without mistake?" + }, + { + "id": 646, + "la": "auxilium te nempe vocas, inscite magister?", + "en": "help callest thou thyself forsooth, ignorant usher?" + }, + { + "id": 647, + "la": "da rectum casum: iam solicismus eris", + "en": "Give the nominative: straightway thou wilt be a solecism!" + }, + { + "id": 648, + "la": "tum Gaius: Metuas nihil, Eunome dixi ego et omnes, nullum, qui saperet, dicere te medicum.", + "en": "Then Gaius: Fear nothing, Eunomus: I said, as all men say, that no man who is wise calls you a doctor." + }, + { + "id": 649, + "la": "Et quid nunc agis hic? Missu Ditis, ait, venio, ut, quia notitiam rerumque hominumque tenerem, accirem medicos. Eunomus obriguit", + "en": "And what now dost thou here? I come, said he, at the behest of Dis, because I still retained knowledge of the world and men, to summon to him doctors. Eunomus grew stiff with fright." + }, + { + "id": 650, + "la": "Quis tu? Gaius, ait Vivisne? hic abnuit", + "en": "Who art thou? he asked. Gaius, he answered. Art thou alive? He answered No." + }, + { + "id": 651, + "la": "paulo post ipsum videt, aut vidisse putavit, pallentem et multa mortis in effigie", + "en": "A little afterwards the doctor saw, or thought he saw, the man, pale, and in deaths very likeness." + }, + { + "id": 652, + "la": "Emptis quod libris tibi bibliotheca referta est, doctum et grammaticum te, Philomuse, putas?", + "en": "Because with purchased books thy library is crammed, dost think thyself a learned man and scholarly, Philomusus?" + }, + { + "id": 653, + "la": "hoc genere et chordas et plectra et barbita condes: omnia mercatus cras citharoedus eris", + "en": "After this sort thou wilt lay up strings, keys, and lyres, and, having purchased all, to-morrow thou wilt be a musician." + }, + { + "id": 654, + "la": "Reminisco Rufus dixit in versu suo: cor ergo versus, immo Rufus, non habet", + "en": "Reminisco,1 wrote Rufus in his verse: so then the verse'nay, Rufus'has no wit." + }, + { + "id": 655, + "la": "Rhetoris haec Rufi statua est: nil verius; ipse est, ipse, adeo linguam non habet et cerebrum", + "en": "This is a statue of Rufus the Rhetorician; nothing more life-like: tis the man himself, so much lacks it tongue and brain." + }, + { + "id": 656, + "la": "et riget et surda est et non videt: haec sibi constant;", + "en": "Tis stiff and dumb and sees not: in these points it tallies." + }, + { + "id": 657, + "la": "unum dissimile est: mollior ille fuit", + "en": "One single point of difference is there'he was a little softer." + }, + { + "id": 658, + "la": "Ore pulcro, et ore muto, scire vis quae sim?", + "en": "With lips so fair and lips so dumb, wouldst know who I am?" + }, + { + "id": 659, + "la": "Volo. Imago Rufi rhetoris Pictavici.", + "en": "I would. I am a figure of Rufus the Pictavian rhetorician." + }, + { + "id": 660, + "la": "Diceret set ipse, vellem, rhetor hoc mi.", + "en": "Nay, I would have the rhetorician tell me this himself." + }, + { + "id": 661, + "la": "Non potest. Cur?", + "en": "He cannot. Why?" + }, + { + "id": 662, + "la": "Ipse rhetor est imago imaginis.", + "en": "The real rhetorician is an image of this image." + }, + { + "id": 663, + "la": "Rhetoris haec Rufi statua est? Si saxea, Rufi. Cur id ais? Semper saxeus ipse fuit.", + "en": "Is this a statue of Rufus the rhetorician? If tis of stone, tis Rufuss. Why sayest thou so? Rufus himself was always made of stone." + }, + { + "id": 664, + "la": "Elinguem quis te dicentis imagine pinxit? dic mihi, Rufe taces? nil tibi tam simile est", + "en": "Who painted thee, Rufus, tongue-tied, in the likeness of a speaking man? Tell me, Rufus. Thou art silent? Nothing is more like you." + }, + { + "id": 665, + "la": "Haec Rufi tabula est. Nil verius ipse ubi Rufus? In cathedra. Quid agit? Hoc, quod et in tabula.", + "en": "This is a picture of Rufus. Nothing more lifelike. Where is Rufus himself? In his chair. What is he doing? The same as in the picture." + }, + { + "id": 666, + "la": "De eo qui Thesaurum repperit cum se Laqueo vellet suspendere", + "en": "On the Man who found a Treasure when he meant to hang himself" + }, + { + "id": 667, + "la": "Qui laqueum collo nectebat, repperit aurum thesaurique loco deposuit laqueum", + "en": "He who was knotting a halter for his own neck, found gold and buried the halter in the treasures place." + }, + { + "id": 668, + "la": "at qui condiderat, postquam non repperit aurum, aptavit collo quem reperit laqueum", + "en": "But he who had hidden the gold, not finding it, fitted about his neck the halter which he found" + }, + { + "id": 669, + "la": "Incipe: dimidium facti est coepisse", + "en": "Begin: to have commenced is half the deed." + }, + { + "id": 670, + "la": "superfit dimidium: rursum hoc incipe et efficies", + "en": "Half yet remains: begin again on this and thou wilt finish all." + }, + { + "id": 671, + "la": "gratia namque cum fieri properat, gratia grata magis", + "en": "For a favour when it hastes to be performed, is a favour more favoured" + }, + { + "id": 672, + "la": "Si bene quid facias, facias cito nam cito factum gratum erit ingratum gratia tarda facit", + "en": "If thou doest aught good, do it quickly. For what is done quickly will be acceptable. Favours slow granted are unfavourably received." + }, + { + "id": 673, + "la": "Deceptae felix casus se miscuit arti: histrio, saltabat qui Capanea, ruit", + "en": "A happy chance combined with a fault in skill: a tumbler, dancing the part of Capaneus, fell to the ground." + }, + { + "id": 674, + "la": "Dodra ex dodrante est sic collige: ius, aqua, vinum, sal, oleum, panis, mel, piper, herba: novem", + "en": "Dodra is from dodrans . Thus compound: broth, water, wine, salt, oil, bread, honey, pepper, herbs: theres nine!" + }, + { + "id": 675, + "la": "Dodra vocor. Quae causa? Novem species gero. Quae sunt? Ius, aqua, mel, vinum, panis, piper, herba, oleum, sal.", + "en": "I am called dodra. Why so? I am made of nine ingredients. What are they? Broth, water, honey, wine, bread, pepper, herbs, oil, salt." + }, + { + "id": 676, + "la": "Ad Marcum Amicum de Discordia quam habet cum Puellis", + "en": "To Marcus a Friend on his Lack of Concord with Girls" + }, + { + "id": 677, + "la": "Hanc amo quae me odit, contra illam quae me amat, odi compone inter nos, si potes, alma Venus!", + "en": "I love one girl who hates me, and again another who loves me I hate. Settle the trouble between us, sweet Venus, if thou canst." + }, + { + "id": 678, + "la": "Perfacile id faciam: mores mutabo et amores; oderit haec, amet haec.", + "en": "Right easily will I: I will change thy leanings and thy loves; the one shall hate, the other love." + }, + { + "id": 679, + "la": "Rursus idem patiar. Vis ambas ut ames?", + "en": "Again I shall suffer the same fate. Wouldst love them both?" + }, + { + "id": 680, + "la": "Si diligat utraque, vellem. Hoc tibi tu praesta, Marce: ut ameris, ama.", + "en": "If both should love me, I would. Bestow this, Marcus, on thyself: to be beloved, love." + }, + { + "id": 681, + "la": "Suasisti, Venus, ecce, duas dyseros ut amarem odit utraque: aliud da modo consilium.", + "en": "Lo, Venus, thou hast persuaded me to love two girls, a luckless lover. Each hates me: give me another counsel now." + }, + { + "id": 682, + "la": "Vince datis ambas. Cupio: verum arta domi res.", + "en": "Overcome both with gifts. Fain would I: but scant is my store at home." + }, + { + "id": 683, + "la": "Pellice promissis. Nulla fides inopi.", + "en": "Tempt them with promises. A poor man has no credit." + }, + { + "id": 684, + "la": "Antestare deos. Nec fas mihi fallere divos.", + "en": "Swear by the gods. But twere a sin to deceive the gods." + }, + { + "id": 685, + "la": "Abiecta in triviis inhumati glabra iacebat testa hominis, nudum iam cute calvitium", + "en": "The bare skull of an unburied man lay cast away where three roads met'a bald thing now stripped of skin." + }, + { + "id": 686, + "la": "Pervigila ante fores. Nocte capi metuo.", + "en": "Keep watch before their doors. I fear to be caught at night." + }, + { + "id": 687, + "la": "Scribe elegos. Nequeo, Musarum et Apollinis expers.", + "en": "Write sonnets. I cannot, having no skill of the Muses and Apollo." + }, + { + "id": 688, + "la": "Frange fores. Poenas iudicii metuo.", + "en": "Break down their doors. I fear the legal penalties." + }, + { + "id": 689, + "la": "Stulte, ab amore mori pateris: non vis ob amorem?", + "en": "Fool, thou dost let thyself be killed by love: wouldst thou not die for love?" + }, + { + "id": 690, + "la": "Malo miser dici, quam miser atque reus.", + "en": "I would rather be called poor fellow than poor prisoner." + }, + { + "id": 691, + "la": "Suasi, quod potui: tu alios modo consule.", + "en": "I have advised thee all I can: now take others counsel." + }, + { + "id": 692, + "la": "Dic quos? Quod sibi suaserunt, Phaedra et Elissa dabunt, quod Canace Phyllisque et fastidita Phaoni.", + "en": "Tell me whose? Phaedra and Elissa will give the advice they gave themselves, Canace, too, and Phyllis, and she whom Phaon scorned." + }, + { + "id": 693, + "la": "Hoc das consilium? tale datur miseris.", + "en": "Do you give this counsel? Such is given to the unhappy!" + }, + { + "id": 694, + "la": "De eo qui Testam Hominis inmisericorditer dissipare voluit", + "en": "On the Man who pitilessly tried to break in pieces a Human Skull" + }, + { + "id": 695, + "la": "fleverunt alii: fletu non motus Achilas, insuper et silicis verbere dissicuit", + "en": "Other men wept: by weeping all unmoved, Achilas even struck and cleft it with a stone." + }, + { + "id": 696, + "la": "eminus ergo icto rediit lapis ultor ab osse auctorisque sui frontem oculosque petit", + "en": "And so the avenging stone, glancing from the skull, flew back and caught the face and eyes of him who threw it." + }, + { + "id": 697, + "la": "sic utinam certos manus impia dirigat ictus, auctorem ut feriant tela retorta suum", + "en": "So may an impious hand ever aim its deadly blows, that the weapon may rebound and smite the wielder." + }, + { + "id": 698, + "la": "Est quod mane legas, est et quod vespere; laetis seria miscuimus, tempore uti placeant", + "en": "Here is what thou mayest read at morn, here also what at eve; I have mingled grave with gay, each to give pleasure at its season." + }, + { + "id": 699, + "la": "non unus vitae color est nec carminis unus lector;", + "en": "Life wears not one hue, nor has my verse one reader only;" + }, + { + "id": 700, + "la": "habet tempus pagina quaeque suum;", + "en": "each page has its due season;" + }, + { + "id": 701, + "la": "hoc mitrata Venus, probat hoc galeata Minerva;", + "en": "mitred Venus approves this, helmed Minerva that;" + }, + { + "id": 702, + "la": "Stoicus has partes, has Epicurus amat;", + "en": "the Stoic loves this part, Epicurus that." + }, + { + "id": 703, + "la": "salva mihi veterum maneat dum regula morum, plaudat permissis sobria musa iocis", + "en": "So long as the code of ancient manners remains by me unbroken, let the grave Muse applaud at lawful jests." + }, + { + "id": 704, + "la": "Phoebe potens numeris, praeses Tritonia bellis, tu quoque ab aerio praepes Victoria lapsu, come serenatum duplici diademate frontem serta ferens, quae dona togae, quae praemia pugnae", + "en": "Phoebus, thou lord of song and thou, Tritonia, queen of war, thou also, Victory, down-swooping in dizzy flight, deck with a two-fold diadem an unknitted brow2: bring garlands, those which are gifts in peace, those which are prizes in fight." + }, + { + "id": 705, + "la": "bellandi fandique potens Augustus honorem bis meret, ut geminet titulos, qui proelia Musis temperat et Geticum moderatur Apolline Martem", + "en": "Mighty in war and eloquence, Augustus3 doubly wins renown, so that he claims a two-fold title, since by the Muses aid he allays wars and by Apollos restrains the Getic Mars." + }, + { + "id": 706, + "la": "arma inter Chunosque truces furtoque nocentes Sauromatas, quantum cessat de tempore belli, indulget Clariis tantum inter castra Camenis", + "en": "Midst arms and Huns ferocious and Sauromatae dangerous in stealth, whatever rest he has from hours of war, in camp he lavishes it all upon the Clarian1 Muses." + }, + { + "id": 707, + "la": "vix posuit volucres stridentia tela sagittas:", + "en": "Scarce has he laid aside his swift arrows, those whirring darts:" + }, + { + "id": 708, + "la": "Musarum ad calamos fertur manus, otia nescit et commutata meditatur arundine carmen:", + "en": "tis to the Muses shafts he turns his hand, repose he knows not, and setting the reed to new employ essays a song:" + }, + { + "id": 709, + "la": "sed carmen non molle modis; bella horrida Martis Odrysii Thraessaeque viraginis arma retractat", + "en": "yet tis a song not soft of strain; the frightful wars of Odrysian Mars and the prowess of the Thracian warrior-maid he treats anew." + }, + { + "id": 710, + "la": "exulta, Aeacide: celebraris vate superbo rursum Romanusque tibi contingit Homerus", + "en": "Rejoice, thou son of Aeacus! Thou art sung once more by a lofty bard and thou art blessed with a Roman Homer." + }, + { + "id": 711, + "la": "Cedere quae lato nescit fera saucia ferro armatique urget tela cruenta viri, quam grandes parvo patitur sub vulnere mortes et solam leti vim probat esse manum!", + "en": "The beast which knows not how to yield when pierced with the broad steel, but hurls itself upon the gory spear of a full-armed man, how marvellous the death it suffers from a tiny wound, showing that on the hand alone deaths might depends" + }, + { + "id": 712, + "la": "mirantur casusque novos subitasque ruinas:", + "en": "Men wonder at swift disasters and sudden downfalls" + }, + { + "id": 713, + "la": "nec contenta ictos letaliter ire per artus, coniungit mortes una sagitta duas", + "en": "and not content to drive its deadly course through the stricken limbs, a single arrow deals two deaths at once." + }, + { + "id": 714, + "la": "plurima communi pereunt si fulminis ictu, haec quoque de caelo vulnera missa putes", + "en": "If full many deaths come from one lightning stroke, these wounds also thou mayest deem sent from heaven." + }, + { + "id": 715, + "la": "Illyricis regnator aquis, tibi, Nile, secundus Danuvius laetum profero fonte caput", + "en": "Lord among streams of Illyricum, next to thee in greatness, O Nile, I, Danube, from my source put forth my head in joy." + }, + { + "id": 716, + "la": "salvere Augustos iubeo, natumque patremque, armiferis alvi quos ego Pannoniis", + "en": "I bid the Emperors hail, father and son,1 whom I have nurtured amid the sword-wearing Pannonians." + }, + { + "id": 717, + "la": "nuntius Euxino iam nunc volo currere ponto, ut sciat hoc superum cura secunda Valens, caede, fuga, flammis stratos periisse Suebos nec Rhenum Gallis limitis esse loco", + "en": "As herald to the Euxine Sea even now I long to speed, that Valens, who is Heavens next care, may learn of this'that with slaughter, flight, and fire the Swabians2 are hurled to destruction, and Rhine no longer is accounted the frontier of Gaul." + }, + { + "id": 718, + "la": "quod si lege maris refluus mihi curreret amnis, huc possem victos inde referre Gothos", + "en": "But if at the seas behest my stream should flow backwards may I hither bring from there news that the Goths are vanquished." + }, + { + "id": 719, + "la": "Nunc te marmoreum pro sumptu fecimus: at cum Augustus frater remeaverit, aureus esto", + "en": "Now we have made thee of marble, as our means afford: but when thine Emperor-brother is returned, be thou of gold" + }, + { + "id": 720, + "la": "Quod leo tam tenui patitur sub harundine letum, non vires ferri, sed ferientis agunt", + "en": "The death which the lion suffers through so frail a reed is due, not to the weapons power, but to the wielders." + }, + { + "id": 721, + "la": "Danuvius penitis caput occultatus in oris totus sub vestra iam dicione fluo: qua gelidum fontem mediis effundo Suebis, imperiis gravidas qua seco Pannonias, et qua dives aquis Scythico solvo ostia ponto, omnia sub vestrum flumina mitto iugum", + "en": "I, Danube, whose head was once concealed in lands remote, now flow at full length under your sway: where midst the Suebi I pour forth my chill source, where I divide the Pannonias pregnant with empire,1 and where with wealth of waters I open my mouth to the Scythian sea, all my streams I cause to pass beneath your Roman yoke." + }, + { + "id": 722, + "la": "Augusto dabitur sed proxima palma Valenti: inveniet fontes hic quoque, Nile, tuos", + "en": "To Augustus shall the chief palm be given, but the next to Valens: he too shall find out sources'even thine, O Nile." + }, + { + "id": 723, + "la": "Vane, quid adfectas faciem mihi ponere, pictor, ignotamque oculis sollicitare deam?", + "en": "Fond painter, why dost thou essay to limn my face, and vex a goddess whom eyes never saw?" + }, + { + "id": 724, + "la": "Aeris et Linguae sum filia, mater inanis indicii, vocem quae sine mente gero", + "en": "I am the daughter of Air and Speech, mother of empty utterance, in that I have a voice without a mind." + }, + { + "id": 725, + "la": "extremos pereunte modos a fine reducens, ludificata sequor verba aliena meis", + "en": "From their dying close I bring back failing strains and in mimicry repeat the words of strangers with my own." + }, + { + "id": 726, + "la": "auribus in vestris habito penetrabilis Echo: et, si vis similem pingere, pinge sonum", + "en": "I am Echo, dwelling in the recesses of your ears: and if thou wouldst paint my likeness paint sound." + }, + { + "id": 727, + "la": "Cuius opus? Phidiae: qui signum Pallados, eius quique Iovem fecit; tertia palma ego sum", + "en": "Whose work art thou? Pheidiass: his who made Pallas statue, who made Joves: his third masterpiece am I." + }, + { + "id": 728, + "la": "sum dea quae rara et paucis occasio nota quid rotulae insistis? stare loco nequeo quid talaria habes? volucris sum", + "en": "I am a goddess seldom found and known to few, Opportunity my name. Why standst thou on a wheel? I cannot stand still. Why wearest thou winged sandals? I am ever flying." + }, + { + "id": 729, + "la": "Mercurius quae fortunare solet, trado ego, cum volui crine tegis faciem cognosci nolo", + "en": "The gifts which Mercury scatters at random I bestow when I will. Thou coverest thy face with thy hair. I would not be recognised." + }, + { + "id": 730, + "la": "sed heus tu occipiti calvo es? ne tenear fugiens", + "en": "But'what!'art thou bald at the back of thy head? That none may catch me as I flee." + }, + { + "id": 731, + "la": "quae tibi iuncta comes? dicat tibi", + "en": "Who is she who bears thee company? Let her tell thee." + }, + { + "id": 732, + "la": "dic rogo, quae sis", + "en": "Tell me, I beg, who thou art." + }, + { + "id": 733, + "la": "sum dea, cui nomen nec Cicero ipse dedit", + "en": "I am a goddess to whom not even Cicero himself gave a name." + }, + { + "id": 734, + "la": "sum dea, quae factique et non facti exigo poenas, nempe ut paeniteat sic metanoea vocor", + "en": "I am a goddess who exacts penalties for what is done and what undone, to cause repentance. So I am called Metanoea.1" + }, + { + "id": 735, + "la": "tu modo dic, quid agat tecum", + "en": "Do thou2 now tell me what does she along with thee?" + }, + { + "id": 736, + "la": "quandoque volavi, haec manet; hanc retinent, quos ego praeterii", + "en": "When I have flown away she remains: she is retained by those I have passed by." + }, + { + "id": 737, + "la": "tu quoque dum rogitas, dum percontando moraris, elapsam dices me tibi de manibus", + "en": "Thou also whilst thou keepest asking, whilst thou tarriest with questioning wilt say that I have slipped away out of thy hands." + }, + { + "id": 738, + "la": "Dicebam tibi: Galla, senescimus; effugit aetas, utere rene tuo: casta puella anus est. sprevisti", + "en": "I used to say to thee: Galla, we grow old, Time flies away, enjoy thy life: a chaste girl is an old woman. Thou didst scorn my warning." + }, + { + "id": 739, + "la": "obrepsit non intellecta senectus nec revocare potes, qui periere, dies", + "en": "Age has crept upon thee unperceived, nor canst thou call back the days that are gone." + }, + { + "id": 740, + "la": "nunc piget et quereris, quod non aut ista voluntas tunc fuit, aut non est nunc ea forma tibi", + "en": "Now thou art sorry and dost lament, either because then thou wert disinclined, or because now thou hast not that former beauty." + }, + { + "id": 741, + "la": "da tamen amplexus oblitaque gaudia iunge", + "en": "Yet give me thine embrace and share forgotten joys with me." + }, + { + "id": 742, + "la": "da: fruar, et si non quod volo, quod volui", + "en": "Give: I will take, albeit not what I would, yet what I once would." + }, + { + "id": 743, + "la": "Trinacrii quondam currentem in litoris ora ante canes leporem caeruleus rapuit", + "en": "Once on the strand of Sicily a sea-dog snapped up a hare speeding before the hounds." + }, + { + "id": 744, + "la": "at lepus: In me omnis terrae pelagique rapina est, forsitan et caeli;", + "en": "Then said the hare: Against me both sea and land direct their ravages, perchance heaven also;" + }, + { + "id": 745, + "la": "since there is a Dog among the stars", + "en": "si canis astra tenet." + }, + { + "id": 746, + "la": "Tam segnis scriptor, quam lentus, Pergame, cursor, fugisti et primo captus es in stadio", + "en": "As lazy a scribe as a sluggish runner, thou, Pergamus, didst run away and wert caught at the first lap." + }, + { + "id": 747, + "la": "ergo notas scripto tolerasti, Pergame, vultu et quas neglexit dextera, frons patitur", + "en": "Therefore thou hast felt letters1 branded, Pergamus, upon thy face, and those which thy right hand neglected thy brow endures." + }, + { + "id": 748, + "la": "Pergame, non recte punitus fronte subisti supplicium, lentae quod meruere manus", + "en": "Pergamus, when thou wast punished twas not just thy brow should bear the penalty which thy slow hands earned." + }, + { + "id": 749, + "la": "at tu, qui dominus, peccantia membra coherce: iniustum falsos excruciare reos", + "en": "Nay, do thou, their master, control thy errant limbs: it is unfair to torment those not really guilty." + }, + { + "id": 750, + "la": "aut inscribe istam, quae non vult scribere, dextram, aut profugos ferri pondere necte pedes", + "en": "Either mark that right-hand which will not make a mark, or shackle those errant feet with an iron weight." + }, + { + "id": 751, + "la": "Canus rogabat Laidis noctem Myron: tulit repulsam protinus causamque sensit et caput fuligine fucavit atra candidum", + "en": "Hoar-headed Myron asked Las for an assignation, and was refused outright: he understood the cause, and dyed his white poll with black soot." + }, + { + "id": 752, + "la": "idemque vultu, crine non idem Myron orabat oratum prius", + "en": "In face'though not in hair'the selfsame Myron, he begged what he had begged before." + }, + { + "id": 753, + "la": "sed illa formam cum capillo comparans similemque, non ipsum, rata (fortasse et ipsum, sed volens ludo frui) sic est adorta callidum:", + "en": "But she, contrasting his features with his hair, and thinking him like, though not the same (perchance even thinking him the same, but wishing to enjoy the jest), thus addressed the artful gallant:" + }, + { + "id": 754, + "la": "Inepte, quid me, quod recusavi, rogas?", + "en": "Fool, why askest thou what I have refused?" + }, + { + "id": 755, + "la": "patri negavi iam tuo.", + "en": "I have already rejected thy father." + }, + { + "id": 756, + "la": "Laidas et Glyceras, lascivae nomina famae, coniunx in nostro carmine cum legeret, ludere me dixit falsoque in amore iocari", + "en": "Of Las and Glycera, ladies of naughty fame, wheneer my wife read in my verse, she said I did but play and feign strange loves in jest." + }, + { + "id": 757, + "la": "tanta illi nostra est de probitate fides", + "en": "Such is her confidence in my integrity." + }, + { + "id": 758, + "la": "Uxor, vivamus quod viximus, et teneamus nomina, quae primo sumpsimus in thalamo: nec ferat ulla dies, ut commutemur in aevo;", + "en": "Dear wife, as we have lived, so let us live and keep the names we took when first we wedded: let no day ever make us change in lapse of time;" + }, + { + "id": 759, + "la": "quin tibi sim iuvenis tuque puella mihi", + "en": "but I will be thy Lad still and thou wilt be my Lass." + }, + { + "id": 760, + "la": "Nestore sim quamvis provectior aemulaque annis vincas Cumanam tu quoque Deiphoben;", + "en": "Though I should outlive Nestor, and thou too shouldst outstrip Dephobe of Cumae1 in rivalry of years," + }, + { + "id": 761, + "la": "nos ignoremus, quid sit matura senectus", + "en": "let us refuse to know the meaning of ripe age." + }, + { + "id": 762, + "la": "scire aevi meritum, non numerare decet", + "en": "Better to know Times worth than count his years." + }, + { + "id": 763, + "la": "Qui primus, meroe, nomen tibi condidit, ille Thesidae nomen condidit Hippolyto", + "en": "Who first compounded thee thy name, Mero, he for Hippolytus, Theseus son, compounded a name." + }, + { + "id": 764, + "la": "nam divinare est, nomen componere, quod sit fortunae et morum vel necis indicium", + "en": "For tis divining to make such a name as betokens lot, or character, or death." + }, + { + "id": 765, + "la": "Protesilae, tibi nomen sic fata dederunt, victima quod Troiae prima futurus eras", + "en": "So, Protesilas, the Fates gave thee thy name, because thou wert to be Troys first victim." + }, + { + "id": 766, + "la": "Idmona quod vatem, medicum quod Iapyga dicunt, discendas artes nomina praeveniunt", + "en": "When men call a poet Idmon,3 a physician Iapyx,4 the names anticipate the arts they are to learn." + }, + { + "id": 767, + "la": "et tu sic Meroe, non quod sis atra colore, ut quae Niliaca nascitur in Meroe;", + "en": "Even so art thou Mero, not because thou art dusky-hued as one born in Nile-washed Mero;" + }, + { + "id": 768, + "la": "Mater Lacaena clipeo obarmans filium, Cum hoc, inquit, aut in hoc redi.", + "en": "A Spartan mother slinging her sons shield, Return with this, said she, or upon it." + }, + { + "id": 769, + "la": "Flete alios natus lacrimis non indiget ullis, et meus, et talis, et Lacedaemonius.", + "en": "Weep ye for others: a son needs not any tears, being mine, so glorious, and a Spartan." + }, + { + "id": 770, + "la": "quem postquam maesto socii posuere feretro, talia magnanimus edidit orsa pater:", + "en": "After thy comrades laid thee upon the mournful bier, these words did thy stout-hearted sire pronounce:" + }, + { + "id": 771, + "la": "rarum, tam pulchro funere posse frui", + "en": "Rare is the opportunity of so fair a death." + }, + { + "id": 772, + "la": "Excipis adverso quod pectore vulnera septem, arma super veheris quod, Thrasybule, tua, non dolor hic patris est, Pitanae sed gloria maior", + "en": "That thou receivest seven gashes all in front, that thou art borne, Thrasybulus, upon thy shield, this grieves not thy sire, but adds greater glory to Pitana" + }, + { + "id": 773, + "la": "ac sicut Graecis victoribus adsto tropaeum, punio sic Persas vaniloquos Nemesis", + "en": "And even as I stand here a trophy of Greek victory, so as Nemesis I requite the idly-boasting Persians." + }, + { + "id": 774, + "la": "Me lapidem quondam Persae advexere, tropaeum ut fierem bello: nunc ego sum Nemesis", + "en": "As a stone the Persians once brought me here to be a trophy of war; now am I Nemesis." + }, + { + "id": 775, + "la": "infusum sed quod vinum non diluis undis, potare inmixtum sueta merumque merum", + "en": "but because thou never slakest wine with water, being used to drink draughts unallayed of wine, pure wine." + }, + { + "id": 776, + "la": "Quidam superbus opibus et fastu tumens tantumque verbis nobilis spernit vigentis clara saecli nomina, antiqua captans stemmata, Martem Remumque et conditorem Romulum privos parentes nuncupans", + "en": "A Fellow, purse-proud and swollen-headed, high born in words alone, scorns the illustrious names of the current age, hankering after an ancient pedigree and claiming Mars, Remus, and Romulus our founder as his own special forebears." + }, + { + "id": 777, + "la": "hos ille Serum veste contexi iubet: hos caelat argento gravi, ceris inurens ianuarum limina et atriorum pegmata", + "en": "Their figures he bids be woven in his silken robes, theirs he chases on his massy plate, or paints in encaustic on his threshold and on the ceiling of his halls." + }, + { + "id": 778, + "la": "credo, quod illi nec pater certus fuit et mater est vere lupa", + "en": "True for him! For his father was not known and his mother surely is a bitch." + }, + { + "id": 779, + "la": "Inventor primus Cynices ego", + "en": "I am the first discoverer of the Cynic rule." + }, + { + "id": 780, + "la": "Quae ratio istaec? Alcides multo dicitur esse prior.", + "en": "How can that be? Men say Alcides1 long preceded thee." + }, + { + "id": 781, + "la": "Alcida quondam fueram doctore secundus: nunc ego sum Cynices primus, et ille deus", + "en": "Once I was second with Alcides for my master; now I am the first Cynic and he a god." + }, + { + "id": 782, + "la": "Laudet Achaemenias orientis gloria telas: molle aurum pallis, Graecia, texe tuis; non minus Ausoniam celebret dum fama Sabinam, parcentem magnis sumptibus, arte parem", + "en": "Let the proud Orient extol its Achaemenian looms: weave in thy robes, O Greece, soft threads of gold; but let fame equally renown Ausonian1 Sabina who, shunning their costliness, matches their skill." + }, + { + "id": 783, + "la": "Sive probas Tyrio textam subtemine vestem seu placet inscripti commoditas tituli, ipsius hoc dominae concinnat utrumque venustas, has geminas artes una Sabina colit", + "en": "Whether thou dost admire robes woven in Tyrian looms, or lovest a motto neatly traced, my mistress with her charming skill combines the twain: one hand'Sabinas'practises these twin arts." + }, + { + "id": 784, + "la": "Licia qui texunt et carmina, carmina Musis, licia contribuunt, casta Minerva, tibi", + "en": "Some weave yarn and some weave verse: these of their verse make tribute to the Muses, those of their yarn to thee, O chaste Minerva." + }, + { + "id": 785, + "la": "ast ego rem sociam non dissociabo Sabina, versibus inscripsi quae mea texta meis", + "en": "But I, Sabina, will not divorce mated arts, who on my own webs have inscribed my verse." + }, + { + "id": 786, + "la": "Hanc volo, quae non vult; illam, quae vult, ego nolo: vincere vult animos, non satiare Venus", + "en": "Her I would have who will not, and her, who will, I would not: Venus would vanquish, not satisfy, the heart." + }, + { + "id": 787, + "la": "oblatas sperno illecebras, detrecto negatas: nec satiare animum nec cruciare volo", + "en": "Charms offered me I scorn, depreciate those denied: I would neither sate my heart nor torture it." + }, + { + "id": 788, + "la": "nec bis cincta Diana placet nec nuda Cythere: illa voluptatis nil habet, haec nimium", + "en": "Neither twice-girt Dian pleases, nor nude Cythere: the one gives no delight, the other overmuch." + }, + { + "id": 789, + "la": "callida sed mediae Veneris mihi venditet artem femina, quae iungat, quod volo nolo vocant", + "en": "Be mine a mistress skilfully to display the art of attempered love, who can unite what I would, I would not mean." + }, + { + "id": 790, + "la": "Germani fratres sunt, Chrestos, Acindynos alter", + "en": "These are two own brothers, Chrestus and Acindynus." + }, + { + "id": 791, + "la": "falsum nomen utrique: sed ut verum sit utrique, alpha suum Chresto det Acindynos, ipse sine alpha permaneat; verum nomen uterque geret", + "en": "Both have been wrongly named: but that both may be set right, let Acindynus give his alpha to Chrestus, himself remaining without alpha; each will be an appropriate name." + }, + { + "id": 792, + "la": "Tres uno in lecto: stuprum duo perpetiuntur, et duo committunt.", + "en": "Three lewd fellows in a single bed: two are practising depravity and two are suffering it." + }, + { + "id": 793, + "la": "Quattuor esse reor.", + "en": "Why, that makes four." + }, + { + "id": 794, + "la": "Falleris: extremis da singula crimina et illum bis numera medium, qui facit et patitur.", + "en": "Not at all: give a role each to those on the outside and count the middle one twice: he is both active and passive." + }, + { + "id": 795, + "la": "Qui Reminisco putat se dicere posse latine hic ubi co scriptum est, faceret cor, si cor haberet", + "en": "He who thinks he can say reminisco and speak Latin, would put cor where co is written, if he had any sense." + }, + { + "id": 796, + "la": "Rufus vocatus rhetor olim ad nuptias, celebri ut fit in convivio, grammaticae ut artis se peritum ostenderet, haec vota dixit nuptiis:", + "en": "Rufus the rhetorician, being once invited to a wedding'a thing oft done at crowded festivals2'to show his skill in grammar, expressed these wishes for the wedded pair:" + }, + { + "id": 797, + "la": "Et masculini et feminini gignite generisque neutri filios.", + "en": "May ye get sons of gender masculine, feminine and neuter." + }, + { + "id": 798, + "la": "Laeta bis octono tibi iam sub consule pubes cingebat teneras, Glaucia adulte, genas", + "en": "Glad youth verging upon thy sixteenth year already was encircling thy soft cheeks with down, young Glaucias." + }, + { + "id": 799, + "la": "et iam desieras puer anne puella videri: cum properata dies abstulit omne decus", + "en": "And already thou hadst ceased to seem boy or maid indifferently when the day came too hurriedly and bare off all thy comeliness." + }, + { + "id": 800, + "la": "sed neque functorum socius miscebere vulgo nec metues Stygios flebilis umbra lacus, verum aut Persephonae Cinyreius ibis Adonis, aut Iovis Elysii tu Catamitus eris", + "en": "Yet neither shalt thou join company with the common throng of dead, nor shalt thou, a piteous shade, dread the Stygian pools, but thou shalt go thither as Persephones Adonis, the son of Cinyras, or thou shalt be the Ganymede of Elysian Jove." + }, + { + "id": 801, + "la": "Vivebam: sum facta silex, quae deinde polita Praxiteli manibus vivo iterum Niobe", + "en": "I used to live: I became stone, and then being polished by the hand of Praxiteles, I now live again as Niobe." + }, + { + "id": 802, + "la": "reddidit artificis manus omnia, sed sine sensu: hunc ego, cum laesi numina, non habui", + "en": "The artists hand has restored me all but sense: that, when I offended gods, I had not." + }, + { + "id": 803, + "la": "Armatam vidit Venerem Lacedaemone Pallas Nunc certemus, ait, iudice vel Paride.", + "en": "At Lacedaemon Pallas saw Venus armed. Now, quoth she, let us contend, even with Paris for judge." + }, + { + "id": 804, + "la": "cui Venus: Armatam tu me, temeraria, temnis, quae, quo te vici tempore, nuda fui?", + "en": "Venus replied: When I am armed, rash maid, dost thou despise me, seeing that when I conquered thee I was bare?" + }, + { + "id": 805, + "la": "Lais anus Veneri speculum dico: dignum habeat se aeterna aeternum forma ministerium", + "en": "I, Las, grown old, to Venus dedicate my mirror: let eternal beauty have the eternal service which befits it." + }, + { + "id": 806, + "la": "at mihi nullus in hoc usus, quia cernere talem, qualis sum, nolo, qualis eram, nequeo", + "en": "But for me there is no profit in this, for to behold myself such as I am I would not, such as I was I cannot." + }, + { + "id": 807, + "la": "Istos tergemino nasci quos cernis ab ovo, patribus ambiguis et matribus adsere natos", + "en": "Those whom thou seest springing from a triple egg, declare their ancestry doubtful on either side." + }, + { + "id": 808, + "la": "hos genuit Nemesis, sed Leda puerpura fovit;", + "en": "These Nemesis conceived, but pregnant Leda bare them in her womb;" + }, + { + "id": 809, + "la": "Tyndareus pater his et Iuppiter: hic putat, hic scit", + "en": "Tyndareus to them was father and Juppiter: the one believes he is, the other knows." + }, + { + "id": 810, + "la": "Vera Venus Gnidiam cum vidit Cyprida, dixit: Vidisti nudam me, puto, Praxitele.", + "en": "The real Venus, when she saw the Cnidian Cypris, said: Methinks, Praxiteles, thou hast seen me unclad." + }, + { + "id": 811, + "la": "Non vidi, nec fas: sed ferro opus omne polimus ferrum Gradivi Martis in arbitrio qualem igitur domino scierant placuisse Cytheren, talem fecerunt ferrea caela deam.", + "en": "I have not seen thee,twould be sin: but tis with steel I finish every work. Steel is at the disposal of Mars Gradivus. Therefore my steel chisel has fashioned a goddess such as the Cythera whom it knew to have pleased its lord." + }, + { + "id": 812, + "la": "Bucula sum, caelo genitoris facta Myronis aerea: nec factam me puto, sed genitam, sic me taurus init, sic proxima bucula mugit, sic vitulus sitiens ubera nostra petit", + "en": "I am a heifer, wrought in bronze by the chisel of Myron my creator: nay, I think I was not wrought but born, so does the bull make for me, so does the heifer by my side low, so the calf athirst seeks my udders." + }, + { + "id": 813, + "la": "miraris, quod fallo gregem? gregis ipse magister inter pascentes me numerare solet", + "en": "Dost wonder that the herd mistakes me? The master of the herd himself oft reckons me with his grazing beasts." + }, + { + "id": 814, + "la": "Ubera quid pulsas frigentia matris aenae, o vitule, et sucum lactis ab aere petis?", + "en": "Why thrustest thou at the cold udders of a brazen dam, O calf, and seekest milky liquid from bronze?" + }, + { + "id": 815, + "la": "hunc quoque praestarem, si me pro parte parasset exteriore Myron, interiore deus", + "en": "That also would I supply had Heaven made me within as Myron without." + }, + { + "id": 816, + "la": "Daedale, cur vana consumis in arte laborem? me potius clausa subice Pasiphae", + "en": "Daedalus, why wastest thou pains in idle craft? Rather expose me with Pasipha enclosed within." + }, + { + "id": 817, + "la": "illecebras verae si vis dare, Daedale, vaccae, viva tibi species vacca Myronis erit", + "en": "If thou wouldst offer the allurement of a real cow, Myrons shall be for thee a living image." + }, + { + "id": 818, + "la": "Aerea mugitum poterat dare vacca Myronis; sed timet artificis deterere ingenium", + "en": "Myrons brazen heifer could low aloud, but fears to spoil the artists craftsmanship." + }, + { + "id": 819, + "la": "fingere nam similem vivae, quam vivere, plus est;", + "en": "For to make me seem alive is more than to make me live;" + }, + { + "id": 820, + "la": "nec sunt facta dei mira, sed artificis", + "en": "and not the works of God are wondrous, but the artists" + }, + { + "id": 821, + "la": "Aerea bos steteram; mactata est vacca Minervae; sed dea proflatam transtulit huc animam et modo sum duplex: pars aerea, pars animata", + "en": "I had stood here a brazen heifer; a cow was slaughtered to Minerva; but the goddess transferred to me the life breathed forth. And now I am two-fold: part is brazen, part alive." + }, + { + "id": 822, + "la": "haec manus artificis dicitur, illa deae", + "en": "This is ascribed to the artists skill, that to the goddess." + }, + { + "id": 823, + "la": "Quid me, taure, paras specie deceptus inire? non sum ego Minoae machina Pasiphaae", + "en": "Why seekest thou to make for me, lord of the herd, beguiled by appearance? I am no contrivance of Pasipha, Minos wife." + }, + { + "id": 824, + "la": "Necdum caduco sole, iam sub vespere, ageret iuvencas cum domum pastor suas, suam relinquens me monebat ut suam", + "en": "Ere the sinking sun was set, evening now drawing on, the neatherd, while he drove his heifers home, left one of his own and chid me as though one of his." + }, + { + "id": 825, + "la": "Unam iuvencam pastor forte amiserat, numerumque iussus reddere me defuisse conquerebatur, sequi quae noluissem ceteras", + "en": "A neatherd chanced to have lost a single heifer, and, bidden to deliver up the tale, complained that I was missing because I would not follow the others home." + }, + { + "id": 826, + "la": "Vallebanae (nova res et vix credenda poetis, sed quae de vera promitur historia) femineam in speciem convertit masculus ales pavaque de pavo constitit ante oculos", + "en": "At Vallebana (a thing strange and scarce credible in a poet, but which is taken from a truthful tale) a male bird changed into female form, and an erstwhile peacock stood a peahen before mens eyes." + }, + { + "id": 827, + "la": "cuncti admirantur monstrum: sed mollior agna talia virginea voce puella refert", + "en": "All marvelled at the portent; but a girl softer than any lamb spake thus with maiden voice:" + }, + { + "id": 828, + "la": "Quid stolidi ad speciem notae novitatis hebetis?", + "en": "Fools, why so amazed to see a thing strange yet not unknown?" + }, + { + "id": 829, + "la": "an vos Nasonis carmina non legitis?", + "en": "Or do ye not read Nasos verse?" + }, + { + "id": 830, + "la": "Caenida convertit proles Saturnia Consus ambiguoque fuit corpore Tiresias", + "en": "Consus, old Saturns son, changed Caenis to a boy and Tiresias was not always of one sex." + }, + { + "id": 831, + "la": "vidit semivirum fons Salmacis Hermaphroditum: vidit nubentem Plinius Androgynum", + "en": "The fount Salmacis saw Hermaphroditus the half-man2; Pliny saw a man-woman" + }, + { + "id": 832, + "la": "nec satis antiquum, quod Campana in Benevento unus epheborum virgo repente fuit nolo tamen veteris documenta arcessere famae ecce ego sum factus femina de puero.", + "en": "in the act. Nor is the tale yet old that in Campanian Beneventum a certain lad suddenly became a maid. Yet I would not cite you instances of old report: lo, I was changed from boy to girl." + }, + { + "id": 833, + "la": "Pythagora Euphorbi, reparas qui semina rerum corporibusque novis das reduces animas, dic, quid erit Marcus iam fata novissima functus, si redeat vitam rursus in aeriam?", + "en": "Pythagoras, Euphorbus son, thou who dost renew the seeds of nature and to fresh bodies dost assign souls brought back to earth, say, what will Marcus be who has now felt fates final stroke, if he return again to live in our air?" + }, + { + "id": 834, + "la": "Quis Marcus?", + "en": "Who is Marcus?" + }, + { + "id": 835, + "la": "Feles nuper pullaria dictus, corrupit totum qui puerile secus, perversae Veneris postico vulnere fossor, Lucili vatis subpilo pullipremo.", + "en": "One lately known as seducer and kidnapper, who has debauched the entire sex, an unnatural scoundrel, or, as the bard Lucilius says, a pilfering paederast." + }, + { + "id": 836, + "la": "Non taurus, non mulus erit, non hippocamelus, non caper aut aries, sed scarabaeus erit.", + "en": "No bull, no mule, no hippocamel shall he be, no goat or ram, but he shall be a scarabaeus." + }, + { + "id": 837, + "la": "Lambere cum vellet mediorum membra virorum Castor nec posset vulgus habere domi, repperit, ut nullum fellator perderet inguen: uxoris coepit lingere membra suae", + "en": "When Castor wanted to mouth the genitals of men and was unable to have clients at home, he found a way to practise his trade without polluting males: he took to licking his own wifes body." + }, + { + "id": 838, + "la": "Praeter legitimi genialia foedera coetus repperit obscenas veneres vitiosa libido: Herculis heredi quam Lemnia suasit egestas quam toga facundi scaenis agitavit Afrani et quam Nolanis capitalis luxus inussit", + "en": "Besides the enjoyable union of legitimate congress depraved passion has discovered unnatural forms of love: what the lack of Lemnian women suggested to Philoctetes, what Afraniuss plays in Roman dress represented on the stage, and what branded the people of Nola as utterly immoral." + }, + { + "id": 839, + "la": "Crispa tamen cunctas exercet corpore in uno: deglubit, fellat, molitur per utramque cavernam, ne quid inexpertum frustra moritura relinquat", + "en": "However, in her single person Crispa supplies her customers with all three: lest she leave aught untried and die frustrated, she masturbates, she sucks, and she makes herself available at either orifice." + }, + { + "id": 840, + "la": "Languenti Marco dixit Diodorus haruspex ad vitam non plus sex superesse dies", + "en": "When Marcus was sick, Diodorus the soothsayer told him that no more than six days of life remained." + }, + { + "id": 841, + "la": "sed medicus divis fatisque potentior Alcon falsum convicit illico haruspicium tractavitque manum victuri, ni tetigisset; illico nam Marco sex periere dies", + "en": "But the doctor, Alcon, more potent than the gods and fates, straightway proved the divination false and touched his patients hand who might have lived had he not touched; for straightway Marcus six days came to an end." + }, + { + "id": 842, + "la": "Alcon hesterno signum Iovis attigit", + "en": "Yesterday Alcon touched Joves statue." + }, + { + "id": 843, + "la": "ille quamvis marmoreus vim patitur medici", + "en": "He, though of marble, felt the doctors influence." + }, + { + "id": 844, + "la": "ecce hodie iussus transferri e sede vetusta effertur, quamvis sit deus atque lapis", + "en": "To-day, lo, he is being carried off, bidden to be removed from his ancient place, for all he is a god and made of stone." + }, + { + "id": 845, + "la": "Eune, quid adfectas vendentem Phyllida odores?", + "en": "Fellow Eunus, why are you wooing Phyllis, the scent-seller?" + }, + { + "id": 846, + "la": "diceris hanc mediam lambere, non molere", + "en": "Rumour has it that you serve her with your tongue, and not in the ordinary way." + }, + { + "id": 847, + "la": "perspice, ne mercis fallant te nomina, vel ne aere Seplasiae decipiare cave, dum que putas communis odoris et nardum ac sardas esse sapore pari", + "en": "See that you are not led into error over the names of her wares or the scent of Seplasia,1 by thinking that quims and quinces have a like smell and nards and sardines the same savour" + }, + { + "id": 848, + "la": "Diversa infelix et lambit et olfacit Eunus: dissimilem olfactum naris et oris habet", + "en": "Unhappy Eunus tastes and smells things much unlike: his nose has one sense, his tongue another." + }, + { + "id": 849, + "la": "Salgama non hoc sunt, quod balsama: cedite odores", + "en": "Pickles are one thing, balsam another: away with scents!" + }, + { + "id": 850, + "la": "nec male olere mihi, nec bene olere placet", + "en": "Neither to smell rank nor to smell sweet pleases me." + }, + { + "id": 851, + "la": "Lais Eros et Itys, Chiron et Eros, Itys alter nomina si scribis, prima elementa adime, ut facias verbum, quod tu facis, Eune magister", + "en": "Las, Eros, and Itys, Chiron and Eros, Itys again, these names write down and take their initials, that thou mayest form a word describing what thou dost, schoolmaster Eunus." + }, + { + "id": 852, + "la": "dicere me Latium non decet opprobrium", + "en": "'To name the infamy in Latin becomes me not." + }, + { + "id": 853, + "la": "Eune, quod uxoris gravidae putria inguina lambis, festinas glossas non natis tradere natis", + "en": "In putting tongue to the smelly private of your pregnant wife, Eunus, you hasten to gloss the buttocks of your unborn sons" + }, + { + "id": 854, + "la": "Eunus Syriscus, inguinum ligurritor, opicus magister (sic eum docet Phyllis) muliebre membrum quadriangulum cernit:", + "en": "Eunus the Syrian, who is a crude and sex-crazed schoolmaster'so says Phyllis', sees the female private as a quadrangle:" + }, + { + "id": 855, + "la": "triquetro coactu ' litteram ducit", + "en": "with triangular abbreviation he draws it as the letter delta (')." + }, + { + "id": 856, + "la": "de valle femorum altrinsecus pares rugas mediumque, fissi rima qua patet, callem", + "en": "'Concerning the valley of the thighs he says that the two creases at the sides and the defile in the middle, where opens the parting of the slit, are a psi ()," + }, + { + "id": 857, + "la": "dicit esse: nam trifissilis forma est cui ipse linguam cum dedit suam, est:", + "en": "for this letter has a three-pronged shape.'When heputs his tongue to it, that is lambda" + }, + { + "id": 858, + "la": "veramque in illis esse notam sentit quid, imperite, P putas ibi scriptum, ubi locari I convenit longum?", + "en": "but he realises that the proper symbol there is phi ( = , penis). What makes you think rho (P = penis and scrotum) is meant, you imbecile, where nothing but a tall iota (I = simply the letter) has been written?" + }, + { + "id": 859, + "la": "miselle doctor, tibi sit obsceno, tuumque nomen sectilis signet", + "en": "Wretched teacher, an ou (O = a noose) to you for your depravity, and may the cleft letter theta ( = , death) be recorded against your name." + }, + { + "id": 860, + "la": "Deformem quidam te dicunt, Crispa: ego istud nescio: mi pulchra es, iudice me satis est", + "en": "Some say that thou art deformed, Crispa: that I know not: for me thou art fair,tis enough since I am judge." + }, + { + "id": 861, + "la": "quin etiam cupio, iunctus quia zelus amori est, ut videare aliis foeda, decora mihi", + "en": "Nay more, I long'for jealousy is yoked with love'that thou mayest seem to others ugly, comely to me alone." + }, + { + "id": 862, + "la": "Sit mihi talis amica velim, iurgia quae temere incipiat, nec studeat quasi casta loqui;", + "en": "Fain would I have such a mistress as may lightly start a quarrel, nor be careful to speak as if an honest woman;" + }, + { + "id": 863, + "la": "pulcra procax petulante manu, verbera quae ferat et regerat caesaque ad oscula confugiat", + "en": "pretty, saucy, hasty of hand, one to take blows and return them, and, if beaten, to take refuge in kisses." + }, + { + "id": 864, + "la": "nam nisi moribus his fuerit, casta modesta pudenter agens, dicere abominor, uxor erit", + "en": "For if she be not of this character, but live chaste, subdued, shamefastly'I shudder to say it'she will be a wife." + }, + { + "id": 865, + "la": "Hoc, quod amare vocant, solve aut misceto, Cupido: aut neutrum flammis ure vel ure duo", + "en": "This thing which they call love bring to an end or spread evenly, Cupid: either burn neither with thy flame or burn both." + }, + { + "id": 866, + "la": "Aut restingue ignem, quo torreor, alma Dione, aut transire iube: vel fac utrimque parem", + "en": "Either put out this fire wherein I burn, sweet Dione, or bid it pass over from me, or make it equal on both sides" + }, + { + "id": 867, + "la": "Iuris consulto, cui vivit adulter a coniunx, papia lex placuit, iulia displicuit", + "en": "A lawyer who had a faithless wife approved of the Papian statute1 but disapproved of the Julian." + }, + { + "id": 868, + "la": "quaeritis, unde haec sit distantia?", + "en": "Do ye ask why this difference?" + }, + { + "id": 869, + "la": "semivir ipse scantiniam metuens non metuit titiam", + "en": "Effeminate himself, fearing the Scantinian,3 he feared not the Titian Law." + }, + { + "id": 870, + "la": "Inguina quod calido levas tibi dropace, causa est: irritant volsas levia membra lupas", + "en": "For you to smooth your groin with a depilatory is understandable: smooth lovers stimulate satin-skinned prostitutes." + }, + { + "id": 871, + "la": "sed quod et elixo plantaria podice vellis et teris incusas pumice Clazomenas, causa latet: bimarem nisi quod patientia morbum adpetit et tergo femina, pube vir es", + "en": "But why you pluck hairs from your backside after a bath and polish your anus with pumice remains obscure, unless it be that pathicism leads to a double depravity, you being a woman in the rear as well as a man in front." + }, + { + "id": 872, + "la": "Semivir uxorem duxisti, Zoile, moecham: o quantus fiet quaestus utrimque domi, cum dabit uxori molitor tuus et tibi adulter, quantum deprensi damna pudoris ement!", + "en": "Effeminate thyself, Zolus, thou hast wedded an unchaste wife: how great a profit will ye twain earn at home, when thy debaucher pays thy wife, and her lover thee, the fees of shame!" + }, + { + "id": 873, + "la": "sed modo quae vobis lucrosa libido videtur, iacturam senio mox subeunte feret: incipient operas conducti vendere moechi, quos modo munificos lena iuventa tenet", + "en": "But lust, which now seems to you profitable, will soon, as age creeps on, cause loss: lovers will begin to sell you their services for pay, whom prostituted youth now makes your customers." + }, + { + "id": 874, + "la": "Doctus Hylas caestu, Phegeus catus arte palaestrae, clarus Olympiacis et Lycus in stadiis, an possent omnes venturo vincere agone, Hammonem Libyae consuluere deum", + "en": "Hylas, the boxer, with Phegeus, skilled in wrestling, and Lycus, famous on the Olympian track, asked Ammon at his Libyan shrine1 whether they all would win at the approaching games." + }, + { + "id": 875, + "la": "sed deus, ut sapiens: Dabitur victoria vobis indubitata equidem, si caveatis ait, ne quis Hylam caestu, ne quis certamine luctae Phegea, ne cursu te, Lyce, praetereat.", + "en": "But the god (so wise was he) replied: Victory shall be assured you, if only ye take heed that none excel Hylas with the gloves, Phegeus in clinching, and thee, Lycus, in speed of foot." + }, + { + "id": 876, + "la": "Punica turgentes redimibat zona papillas Hermiones: zonae textum elegeon erat:", + "en": "A crimson girdle bound Hermiones swelling breasts: and on the girdle this couplet was embroidered:" + }, + { + "id": 877, + "la": "Qui legis hunc titulum, Paphie tibi mandat, ames me exemploque tuo neminem amare vetes.", + "en": "Thou who dost read this inscription, know that the Paphian commands thee to love me, and by thy conduct to forbid none to love." + }, + { + "id": 878, + "la": "Adspice, quam blandae necis ambitione fruatur letifera experiens gaudia pulcher Hylas", + "en": "Behold with how sweet and proud a death is fair Hylas blessed, tasting of joys that bring destruction!" + }, + { + "id": 879, + "la": "oscula et infestos inter moriturus amores ancipites patitur Naidas Eumenidas", + "en": "Doomed to perish amid kisses and fatal love, twere hard to say whether Naiads or Eumenides so afflict him." + }, + { + "id": 880, + "la": "Furitis procaces Naides amore saevo et irrito: ephebus iste flos erit", + "en": "Ye rave, ye wanton Nymphs, with love as cruel as tis fruitless. That lad shall be a flower." + }, + { + "id": 881, + "la": "Si cuperes alium, posses, Narcisse, potiri nunc tibi amoris adest copia, fructus abest", + "en": "Wert thou to desire another, Narcissus, then mightest thou win him. Of love thou hast abundance; tis the enjoyment fails" + }, + { + "id": 882, + "la": "Quid non ex huius forma pateretur amator, ipse suam qui sic deperit effigiem?", + "en": "What would a lover not suffer through the beauty of this youth who thus pines away for his own reflection?" + }, + { + "id": 883, + "la": "Commoritur, Narcisse, tibi resonabilis Echo, vocis ad extremos exanimata modos: et pereuntis adhuc gemitum resecuta querellis, ultima nunc etiam verba loquentis amat", + "en": "Along with thee, Narcissus, dies resounding Echo, her spirit passing with the last tones of thy voice: both while thou wert pining away, thy sighs she has hitherto answered with her plaints, and now also when she loves the latest words of thy voice." + }, + { + "id": 884, + "la": "Mercurio genitore satus, genetrice Cythere, nominis ut mixti, sic corporis Hermaphroditus, concretus sexu, sed non perfectus, utroque: ambiguae Veneris, neutro potiendus amori", + "en": "By Mercury begotten, conceived by Cythera, Hermaphroditus, compound alike in name and frame, combining either sex, complete in neither, neutral in love, unable to enjoy either passion." + }, + { + "id": 885, + "la": "Salmacis optato concreta est nympha marito", + "en": "The nymph Salmacis grew one with the mate she desired." + }, + { + "id": 886, + "la": "felix virgo, sibi si scit inesse virum: et tu formosae, iuvenis, permixte puellae bis felix, unum si licet esse duos", + "en": "Ah, happy maid, if she is conscious of a mans embrace. And twice happy thou, O youth, united with a lovely bride, if one being may still be two." + }, + { + "id": 887, + "la": "Pone arcum, Paean, celeresque reconde sagittas: non te virgo fugit, sed tua tela timet", + "en": "Put by thy bow, Paean, and hide thy swift arrows: not thee the maid flees, but fears thy shafts." + }, + { + "id": 888, + "la": "Invide, cur properas, cortex, operire puellam? laurea debetur Phoebo, si virgo negatur", + "en": "Too envious bark, why hastest thou to overlap the maid? Laurel is Phoebus due, if the damsel is denied." + }, + { + "id": 889, + "la": "Thermarum in solio si quis Polygitona vidit ulcera membrorum scabie putrefacta foventem, praeposuit cunctis spectacula talia ludis", + "en": "Whoeer has seen Polygiton in a tub at the baths chafing the caked and rotting ulcers on his limbs, ranks such a sight above every comic show." + }, + { + "id": 890, + "la": "principio tremulis gannitibus aera pulsat verbaque lascivos meretricum imitantia coetus vibrat et obscenae numeros pruriginis implet", + "en": "First, he makes the air ring with his quavering howls, yells words suggestive of a brothel and sounds the full gamut of impurity." + }, + { + "id": 891, + "la": "brachia deinde rotat velut enthea daemone Maenas;", + "en": "Next, he whirls his arms like a Maenad possessed by some spirit," + }, + { + "id": 892, + "la": "pectus, crura, latus, ventrem, femora, inguina, suras, tergum, colla, umeros, luteae Symplegadis antrum, tam diversa locis vaga carnificina pererrat, donec marcentem calidi fervore lavacri blandus letali solvat dulcedine morbus", + "en": "while the itch strays at random, now in this part now in that, over his breast, legs, flanks, belly, thighs, loins and calves, his back, neck, shoulders, and his hinder parts." + }, + { + "id": 893, + "la": "desectos sic fama viros, ubi cassa libido femineos coetus et non sua bella lacessit, irrita vexato consumere gaudia lecto, titillata brevi cum iam sub fine voluptas fervet et ingesto peragit ludibria morsu:", + "en": "At length he droops with the heat of his scalding bath, and kind exhaustion makes him relax in a death-like swoon. Just as they say that men emasculate, when vain desire attacks them, exhaust themselves without fruition, mocked by pleasure unachieved;" + }, + { + "id": 894, + "la": "torpida non aliter Polygiton membra resolvit et, quia debentur suprema piacula vitae, ad Phlegethonteas sese iam praeparet undas", + "en": "even so Polygiton relaxes his nerveless limbs. And, since at the last he must expiate his life, let him now make ready for the waters of Phlegethon." + }, + { + "id": 895, + "la": "Silvius ille Bonus, qui carmina nostra lacessit, nostra magis meruit disticha, Brito bonus", + "en": "That Silvius Good who attacks my verse, has the more fully earned my lampoon, being a good Briton." + }, + { + "id": 896, + "la": "Silvius hic Bonus est Quis Silvius? Iste Britannus", + "en": "This is Silvius Good. Who is Silvius? He is a Briton." + }, + { + "id": 897, + "la": "Aut Brito hic non est Silvius, aut malus est.", + "en": "Either this Silvius is no Briton, or he is Silvius Bad." + }, + { + "id": 898, + "la": "Silvius esse Bonus fertur ferturque Britannus: quis credat civem degenerasse bonum?", + "en": "Silvius is called Good and called a Briton: who would believe a good citizen had sunk so low?" + }, + { + "id": 899, + "la": "Nemo bonus Brito est", + "en": "No good man is a Briton." + }, + { + "id": 900, + "la": "si simplex Silvius esse incipiat, simplex desinat esse bonus", + "en": "If he should begin to be plain Silvius, let the plain man cease to be good." + }, + { + "id": 901, + "la": "Silvius hic Bonus est, sed Brito est Silvius idem: simplicior res est, credite, Brito malus", + "en": "This is Silvius Good, but the same Silvius is a Briton: a plainer thing'believe me'is a bad Briton." + }, + { + "id": 902, + "la": "Silvi, Brito Bonus: quamvis homo non bonus esse ferris nec iungere Brito Bono", + "en": "Thou Silvius art Good, a Briton: yet tis said thou art no good man, nor can a Briton link himself with Good." + }, + { + "id": 903, + "la": "Merum mihi gaudium eruditionis tuae scripta tribuerunt, quae Capuae locatus accepi", + "en": "Your learned pages, which I received while staying at Capua, brought me sheer delight." + }, + { + "id": 904, + "la": "erat quippe in his oblita Tulliano melle festivitas et sermonis mei non tam vera, quam blanda laudatio", + "en": "For there was in them a certain gaiety overlaid with honey from Tullys hive, and some eulogy on my discourse flattering rather than deserved." + }, + { + "id": 905, + "la": "quid igitur magis mirer, sententiae incertus addubito, ornamenta oris an pectoris tui", + "en": "And so I am at a loss to decide which to admire the more'the graces of your diction or of your disposition." + }, + { + "id": 906, + "la": "quippe ita facundia antistas ceteris, ut sit formido rescribere ;", + "en": "Indeed you so far surpass all others in eloquence that I fear to write in reply;" + }, + { + "id": 907, + "la": "ita benigne nostra conprobas, ut libeat non tacere", + "en": "you so generously approve my essays that I am glad not to keep silence." + }, + { + "id": 908, + "la": "si plura de te praedicem, videbor mutuum scabere et magis imitator tui esse adloquii quam probator", + "en": "If I say more in your praise, I shall seem to be scratching your back and to be copying more than complimenting your address to me." + }, + { + "id": 909, + "la": "simul quod ipse nihil ostentandi gratia facis, verendum est genuina in te bona tamquam adfectata laudare", + "en": "Moreover, since you do nothing consciously for the sake of display, I must beware of praising your natural good qualities as though they were studied." + }, + { + "id": 910, + "la": "unum hoc tamen a nobis indubitata veritate cognosce, neminem esse mortalium quem prae te diligam ; sic vadatum me honorabili amore tenuisti", + "en": "This one thing, however, I must tell you as an absolute fact'that there is no man alive whom I love more than you, so deeply pledged in honest affection have you always held me." + }, + { + "id": 911, + "la": "Set in eo mihi verecundus nimio plus videre, quod libelli tui arguis proditorem", + "en": "But in this I think you are excessively modest, that you complain of me for playing traitor to your book." + }, + { + "id": 912, + "la": "nam facilius est ardentes favillas ore comprimere quam luculenti operis servare secretum", + "en": "For it is easier to hold hot coals in ones mouth than to keep the secret of a brilliant work." + }, + { + "id": 913, + "la": "cum semel a te profectum carmen est, ius omne posuisti : oratio publicata res libera est", + "en": "Once you have let a poem out of your hands, you have renounced all your rights: a speech delivered is common property." + }, + { + "id": 914, + "la": "an vereris aemuli venena lectoris, ne libellus tuus admorsu duri dentis uratur?", + "en": "Or do you fear the venom of some jealous reader, and that your book may smart from the snap of his rude fangs?" + }, + { + "id": 915, + "la": "tibi uni ad hoc locorum nihil gratia praestitit aut dempsit invidia", + "en": "You are the one man who up to now has owed nothing to partiality, lost nothing through jealousy." + }, + { + "id": 916, + "la": "ingratis scaevo cuique proboque laudabilis es", + "en": "Involuntarily everyone, perverse or honest, finds you admirable." + }, + { + "id": 917, + "la": "proinde cassas dehinc seclude formidines et indulge stilo, ut saepe prodaris", + "en": "Therefore banish henceforth your groundless fears, and let your pen run on so that you may often be betrayed." + }, + { + "id": 918, + "la": "certe aliquod didascalicum seu protrepticum nostro quoque nomini carmen adiudica", + "en": "At any rate assign some didactic or hortatory poem to my name also." + }, + { + "id": 919, + "la": "fac periculum silentii mei, quod etsi tibi exhibere opto, tamen spondere non audeo", + "en": "Run the risk of my keeping silence; and though I desire to give you proof of it, yet I dare not guarantee it." + }, + { + "id": 920, + "la": "novi ego, quae sit prurigo emuttiendi operis, quod probaris", + "en": "Well I know how I itch to give voice to your work when you are so popular." + }, + { + "id": 921, + "la": "nam quodam pacto societatem laudis adfectat, qui aliena bene dicta primus enuntiat", + "en": "For somehow he secures a partnership in the glory who first pronounces anothers neat phrases." + }, + { + "id": 922, + "la": "ea propter in comoediis summatim quidem gloriam scriptores tulerunt, Roscio tamen atque Ambivio ceterisque actoribus fama non defuit", + "en": "That is why in comedy authors have won but slight renown, while Roscius, Ambivius,1 and the other players have had no lack of fame." + }, + { + "id": 923, + "la": "Ergo tali negotio expende otium tuum et novis voluminibus ieiunia nostra sustenta", + "en": "So spend your leisure in such occupation and relieve my famine with fresh books." + }, + { + "id": 924, + "la": "quod si iactantiae fugax garrulum indicem pertimescis, praesta etiam tu silentium mihi, ut tuto simulem nostra esse, quae scripseris vale", + "en": "But if in your flight from vainglory you dread a chattering informer, do you also guarantee me your silence, that I may safely pretend that what you have written is mine! Farewell." + }, + { + "id": 925, + "la": "Modo intellego, quam mellea res sit oratio; quam delinifica et quam suada facundia persuasisti mihi, quod epistulae meae aput Capuam tibi redditae concinnatio inhumana non esset; set hoc non diutius, quam dum epistulam tuam legi, quae me blanditiis inhiantem tuis velut suco nectaris delibuta perducit ubi enim chartulam pono et me ipsum interrogo, tum absinthium meum resipit et circumlita melle tuo pocula deprehendo si vero, id quod saepe facio, ad epistulam tuam redii, rursus inlicior: et rursum ille suavissimus, ille floridus tui sermonis adflatus deposita lectione vanescit et testimonii pondus prohibet inesse dulcedini hoc me velut aerius bratteae fucus aut picta nebula non longius, quam dum videtur, oblectat chamaeleontis bestiolae vice, quae de subiectis sumit colorem aliud sentio ex epistula tua, aliud ex conscientia mea et tu me audes facundissimorum hominum laude dignari? tu, inquam, mihi ista, qui te ultra emendationem omnium protulisti? quisquamne ita nitet, ut conparatus tibi non sordeat? quis ita Aesopi venustatem, quis sophisticas Isocratis conclusiones, quis ad enthymemata Demosthenis aut opulentiam Tullianam aut proprietatem nostri Maronis accedat? quis ita adfectet singula, ut tu imples omnia? quid enim aliud es, quam ex omni bonarum artium ingenio collecta perfectio? Haec, domine mi fili Symmache, non vereor, ne in te blandius dicta videantur esse quam verius et expertus es fidem meam mentis atque dictorum, dum in comitatu degimus ambo aevo dispari, ubi tu veteris militiae praemia tiro meruisti, ego tirocinium iam veteranus exercui in comitatu tibi verus fui, nedum me peregre existimes conposita fabulari in comitatu, inquam, qui frontes hominum aperit, mentes tegit, ibi me et parentem et amicum et, si quid utroque carius est, cariorem fuisse sensiti set abeamus ab his: ne ista haec conmemoratio ad illam Sosiae formidinem videatur accedere Illud, quod paene praeterii, qua adfectatione addidisti, ut ad te didascalicum aliquod opusculum aut sermonem protrepticum mitterem? ego te docebo docendus adhuc, si essem id aetatis, ut discerem? aut ego te vegetum atque alacrem commonebo? eadem opera et Musas hortabor, ut canant, et maria, ut effluant, et auras, ut vigeant, et ignes, ut caleant, admonebo: et, si quid invitis quoque nobis natura fit, superfluus instigator agitabo sat est unius erroris quod aliquid meorum me paenitente vulgatum est, quod bona fortuna in manus amicorum incidit nam si contra id evenisset, nec tu mihi persuaderes placere me posse Haec ad litteras tuas responsa sint: cetera, quae noscere aves, conpendi faciam; sic quoque iam longa est epistula Iulianum tamen familiarem domus vestrae, si quid de nobis percontandum arbitraris, adlego; simul admoneo, ut, cum causam adventus eius agnoveris, iuves studium, quod ex parte fovisti vale", + "en": "Now I understand how honey-sweet is the power of speech, how enchanting and persuasive a thing is eloquence! You have made me believe that my letter delivered to you at Capua was not a barbarous compilation; but this only for so long as I am actually reading your letter, which is so spread, as it were, with the syrop of your nectar as to over-persuade me while I hang agape over its allurements. For as soon as I lay down your page and question myself, back comes the taste of my own wormwood, and I realize that the cup is smeared round with your honey.1 If indeed'as I often do'I return to your letter, I am enticed again: and then again that most soothing, that most fragrant perfume of your words dies away when I have done reading, and denies that sweetness carries weight as evidence. Like the flaunting glitter of tinsel or a tinted cloud, it delights me only for so long as I see it'like that little creature the chameleon, which takes its colour from whatever is beneath it. Your letter makes me feel one thing, my own conscience another. And do you venture to count me worthy of praise belonging to the most eloquent? Do you, I say, speak so of me'you who soar above all writers in faultlessness? What author is there so brilliant, but he appears unpolished by comparison with you? Who like you can approach the charm of Aesop, the logical deductions of Isocrates, the arguments of Demosthenes, the richness of Tully, or the felicity of our own Maro? Who can aspire to such success in any one of these, as you fully attain in them all? For what else are you but the concentrated essence of every great mind in the realm of the liberal arts? My lord, my son Symmachus, I do not fear that you may think I speak thus of you more smoothly than truly. Indeed, you have proved how truthful I am both in thought and word while the two of us, so ill-matched in years, lived at court, where you, a recruit, earned a veterans pay, while I, already a veteran, went through my recruits training. At court I was truthful with you: much less when I am away from it should you think I tell stories. At court, I repeat, which bares the face and veils the heart1'there you felt that I was a father and a friend and, if anything can be dearer than either, then something dearer still. But let us leave this matter, lest such a reminder seem too like the fear felt by Sosias.2 Now for that matter which I almost passed over. What mock humility of yours is this, that you add a request for me to send you some didactic work or hortatory discourse? Shall I teach you when I myself need teaching3 were I of an age to learn? Shall I counsel you, whose mind is so alert and vigorous? As well exhort the Muses to sing and advise the waves to flow, the breezes to blow freely, fire to give heat, and where anything occurs naturally, whether we will or no, to urge it forward with superfluous zeal! Enough this one mistake that a work of mine has, to my regret, become public property; though by good fortune it has fallen into the hands of friends. For had it been otherwise, not even you would convince me that I can give satisfaction. Let that be my answer to your letter: with the other matters which you desire to know, I will make short work: even so this letter is already long. However, I depute Julian, an intimate of your household, to answer any questions you care to ask concerning me: at the same time I urge that, when you learn his reason for coming, you aid him in a purpose which to some extent you have already favoured. Farewell." + }, + { + "id": 926, + "la": "", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 927, + "la": "", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 928, + "la": "Symmachus Ausonio Etsi plerumque vera est aput parentes praedicatio filiorum, nescio quo tamen pacto detrimentum meriti sui patiatur, dum personarum spectare gratiam iudicatur", + "en": "Symmachus to Ausonius Although praise bestowed upon their children is generally accepted as gospel by parents, yet it is somehow discounted when it is considered to have an eye to the favour of the great." + }, + { + "id": 929, + "la": "quaero igitur incertus animi, quae mihi nunc potissimum super viro honorabili Thalassio genero tuo verba sumenda sint", + "en": "I am at a stand, therefore, and ask what words I shall choose especially at this time in speaking of that worshipful man, Thalassius, your son-in-law." + }, + { + "id": 930, + "la": "si parce decora morum eius adtingam, liventi similis existimabor: si iuste persequar, ero proximus blandienti", + "en": "If I touch sparingly upon the graces of his character, I shall be thought to show signs of jealousy: if I duly enlarge upon them, I shall be next door to a flatterer." + }, + { + "id": 931, + "la": "imitabor igitur Sallustiani testimonii castigationem", + "en": "I will therefore copy Sallust1 in his rigid mode of giving evidence." + }, + { + "id": 932, + "la": "habes virum dignum te et per te familia consulari, quem fortuna honoris parti maiorem beneficiis suis repperit, emendatio animi et sanctitas potioribus iam paravit vale", + "en": "You have as son-in-law a man worthy of you, and, through you, of a consular family'one whom Fortune in her bestowal of distinctions has found too great to need her benefits, whom a faultless nature and stainless character have already furnished with higher gifts. Farewell." + }, + { + "id": 933, + "la": "Tandem eluctati retinacula blanda morarum Burdigalae molles liquimus inlecebras", + "en": "At last, having struggled free from delays seductive toils, I have left Bordeauxs soft enticements" + }, + { + "id": 934, + "la": "Santonicamque urbem vicino accessimus agro: quod tibi si gratum est, optime Paule, proba", + "en": "and on a neighbouring farm dwell nigh the town of Saintes: if this pleases you, friend Paulus, give me proof of it." + }, + { + "id": 935, + "la": "cornipedes rapiant inposta petorrita mulae; vel cisio triiugi, si placet, insilias, vel celerem mannum vel ruptum terga veraedum conscendas, propere dum modo iam venias;", + "en": "Let horn-hoofed mules whirl hither a harnessed four-wheeled car,1 or, if you please, jump in a three-horse gig,2 or mount a cob, or else a back-broken hack, if only you come quickly;" + }, + { + "id": 936, + "la": "instantis revocant quia nos sollemnia Paschae libera nec nobis est mora desidiae", + "en": "for approaching Easters rites summon me back, nor am I free to linger idly here." + }, + { + "id": 937, + "la": "perfer in excursu vel teriuga milia epodon vel falsas lites, quas schola vestra serit", + "en": "Bring over on your jaunt thrice a thousand lyrics or the feigned cases3 which your pupils weave." + }, + { + "id": 938, + "la": "nobiscum invenies nullas, quia liquimus istic nugarum veteres cum sale relliquias", + "en": "With me you will find none, for I have left yonder the old remnants of my trifles together with my wit." + }, + { + "id": 939, + "la": "Ausonius Paulo Ostrea nobilium cenis sumptuque nepotum cognita diversoque maris deprensa profundo, aut refugis nudata vadis aut scrupea subter antra et muriceis scopulorum mersa lacunis, quae viridis muscus, quae decolor alga recondit, quae testis concreta suis ceu saxa cohaerent, quae mutata loco, pingui mox consita limo, nutrit secretus conclusae uliginis umor, enumerare iubes, vetus o mini Paule sodalis, adsuefacte meis ioculari carmine nugis", + "en": "Ausonius to Paulus Of oysters famed through the lavish feasts of high-born prodigals, whether dredged from the depths of various seas or left bare by ebbing shallows, or sheltered beneath rugged caves and in jagged clefts amid the rocks, those which green moss, which stained seaweed hides, whose welded shells are firm-shut as the stones, which when removed4 from their home and planted in rich ooze are fattened by the inward moisture of the packed slime;'of these you bid me tell all the kinds, Paulus, my old comrade, made used to my trifling by sportive verse." + }, + { + "id": 940, + "la": "adgrediar; quamvis curam non ista senilem sollicitent frugique viro dignanda putentur", + "en": "I will approach the task, albeit the theme stir not an old mans zest nor be thought fit for the notice of a frugal man." + }, + { + "id": 941, + "la": "nam mihi non Saliare epulum, non aura dapalis, qualem Penelopae nebulonum mensa procorum Alcinoique habuit nitidae cutis uncta iuventus", + "en": "For I have no Salian fare,1 no repasts of savour such as had the banquets of Penelopes wastrel suitors or of the sleek and scented youth about Alcinos." + }, + { + "id": 942, + "la": "enumerabo tamen famam testesque secutus pro studiis hominum semper diversa probantum", + "en": "Yet will I tell oer the tale, following report and testimony according to the tastes of men ever diverse in judgment." + }, + { + "id": 943, + "la": "Set mihi prae cunctis lectissima, quae Medulorum educat Oceanus, quae Burdigalensia nomen usque ad Caesareas tulit admiratio mensas, non laudata minus, nostri quam gloria vini", + "en": "Howbeit, for me the choicest above all are those bred by the Ocean of the Meduli,3 which, named after Bordeaux, high esteem hath raised even to Caesars board, no less renowned than are our famous wines." + }, + { + "id": 944, + "la": "haec inter cunctas palmam meruere priorem, omnibus ex longo cedentibus: ista et opimi visceris et nivei dulcique tenerrima suco miscent aequoreum tenui sale tincta saporem", + "en": "These amongst all have won the pride of place, the rest lagging far behind: these be of substance both full fat and snowy white, and with their sweet juice most delicately mingle some flavour of the sea touched with a fine taste of salt." + }, + { + "id": 945, + "la": "proxima sint quamvis, sunt longe proxima multo ex intervallo, quae Massiliensia, portum quae Narbo ad Veneris nutrit; cultuque carentia Hellespontiaci quae protegit aequor Abydi; vel quae Baianis pendent fluitantia palis; Santonico quae tecta salo; quae nota Genonis;", + "en": "Next, though next at distance of long interval, are the oysters of Marseilles, which Narbo feeds near Venus haven;4 and those which, untended, the Hellespontine wave shelters at Abydos; or those which cling afloat to the piles of Baiae; those washed by the Santonic surge; those known to the Genoni;" + }, + { + "id": 946, + "la": "aut Eborae mixtus pelago quae protegit amnis, ut multo iaceant algarum obducta recessu: aspera quae testis et dulcia, farris opimi", + "en": "or those harboured by Eboras5 stream where it joins the sea, so that they lie covered with a deep bed of weed: rough of shell are these, and sweet and rich of meat." + }, + { + "id": 947, + "la": "Sunt et Aremorici qui laudent ostrea ponti, et quae Pictonici legit accola litoris, et quae mira Caledoniis nonnunquam detegit aestus", + "en": "There are, too, such as praise the oysters of the Armoric deep, and those which shoremen gather on Pictonic coasts, and which the tide sometimes leaves bare for the wondering Caledonian." + }, + { + "id": 948, + "la": "ccedunt, quae fama recens Byzantia subter litora et insana generata Propontidis acta Promoti celebrata ducis de nomine laudat", + "en": "Add those which, reared below Byzantiums shores and the vexed beaches of Propontis, late-born renown now honours with distinction after the name of Promotus the general.1" + }, + { + "id": 949, + "la": "Haec tibi non vates, non historicus neque toto orbe vagus conviva loquor, set tradita multis, ut solitum, quotiens dextrae invitatio mensae sollicitat lenem comi sermone Lyaeum", + "en": "These I tell thee, no bard, no historian, nor yet a world-wandering gourmand, but things I have heard from many, as wont is, whenever a challenge from a table on the right provokes gentle Lyaeus with friendly converse." + }, + { + "id": 950, + "la": "haec non per vulgum mihi cognita perque popinas aut parasitorum collegia Plautinorum, set festos quia saepe dies partim ipse meorum excolui inque vicem conviva vocatus adivi, natalis si forte fuit sollemnis amico coniugiove dapes aut sacra repotia patrum, audivi meminique bonos laudare frequentes", + "en": "These are known to me not from common company nor from taverns, nor from the guilds of Plautine parasites, but because I myself have often celebrated festal days, sometimes with gatherings of my friends,2 or going in turn to banquets as a bidden guest, when perchance a friend observed a birthday or a marriage feast, or a carouse3 sanctioned by our fathers custom: there I have heard many a worthy man praise these, and I remember them." + }, + { + "id": 951, + "la": "Si qua fides falsis umquam est adhibenda poetis nec plasma semper adlinunt, Paule, Camenarum celeberrime Castaliarum alumne quondam, nunc pater, aut avus, aut proavis antiquior, ut fuit olim Tartesiorum regulus: intemerata tibi maneant promissa, memento", + "en": "If any trust is ever to be placed in the feigned words of poets, and if they scrawl not ever fiction, Paulus'once the most famous child of the Castalian Camenae, now their father or grandfather or yet more ancient than a great-grandfather, as was of old the kinglet of Tartessus4'remember to keep your promises inviolate." + }, + { + "id": 952, + "la": "Phoebus iubet verum loqui: etsi Pierias patitur lirare sorores, numquam ipse torquet '", + "en": "Phoebus bids us speak truth: although he suffers the Pierian sisters to swerve from the line, he himself never twists a furrow." + }, + { + "id": 953, + "la": "te quoque ne pigeat consponsi foederis: et iam citus veni remo aut rota, aequoris undosi qua multiplicata recursu Garumna pontum provocat, aut iteratarum qua glarea trita viarum fert militarem ad Blaviam", + "en": "You also must not regret your plighted bond; come quickly now by river or by road, either where Garonne, swelled with the flood-tide of the billowy deep, challenges the main, or where the beaten gravel of the relaid road leads to the garrison of Blaye." + }, + { + "id": 954, + "la": "nos etenim primis sanctum post Pascha diebus avemus agrum visere", + "en": "For in the first days after holy Easter I long to visit my estate." + }, + { + "id": 955, + "la": "Nam populi coetus et compita sordida rixis fastidientes cernimus angustas fervere vias et congrege volgo nomen plateas perdere", + "en": "For I am weary at the sight of throngs of people, the vulgar brawls at the cross-roads, the narrow lanes a-swarm, and the broadways belying their name1 for the rabble herded there." + }, + { + "id": 956, + "la": "turbida congestis referitur vocibus echo: Tene, feri, duc, da, cave! sus lutulenta fugit, rabidus canis impete saevo et impares plaustro boves", + "en": "Confused Echo resounds with a babel of cries: Hold!'Strike!'Lead!'Give!'Look out! Here is a mucky sow in flight, there a mad dog in fell career,2 there oxen too weak for the waggon." + }, + { + "id": 957, + "la": "nec prodest penetrale domus et operta subire: per tecta clamores meant", + "en": "No use to steal into the inner chamber and the recesses of your home: the cries penetrate through the house." + }, + { + "id": 958, + "la": "haec et quae possunt placidos offendere mores, cogunt relinqui moenia, dulcia secreti repetantur ut otia ruris, nugis amoena seriis; tempora disponas ubi tu tua iusque tuum sit, ut nil agas vel quod voles", + "en": "These, and what else can shock the orderly, force me to leave the walled city and seek again the sweet peace of the retired country and the delights of trifling seriously; and there you may arrange your own hours and have the right to do nothing or else what you will." + }, + { + "id": 959, + "la": "ad quae si properas, tota cum merce tuarum veni Camenarum citus:", + "en": "If you haste after these joys, come quickly with all the wares of your Camenae:" + }, + { + "id": 960, + "la": "dactylicos, elegos, choriambum carmen, epodos, socci et coturni musicam carpentis impone tuis: nam tota supellex vatum piorum chartea est", + "en": "dactyls, elegiacs, choriambics, lyrics, comedy and tragedy'pack them all in your carriage, for the devout poets baggage is all paper." + }, + { + "id": 961, + "la": "nobiscum invenies , si libet uti non Poena sed Graeca fide", + "en": "With me you will find a quid pro quo if you please to trade on Greek,1 not Punic, terms." + }, + { + "id": 962, + "la": "Versus meos utili et conscio sibi pudore celatos carmine tuo et sermone praemissis dum putas elici, repressisti", + "en": "As for my verses, which a salutary and self-conscious sense of shame had sent into hiding, while you thought you were enticing them forth by sending forward your own poetry and prose, you have driven them back." + }, + { + "id": 963, + "la": "nam qui ipse facundus et musicus editionis alienae prolectat audaciam, consilio, quo suadet, exterret", + "en": "For when one who is himself eloquent and a poet tries to lure an author to venture on publication, he frightens the other out of the purpose which he advocates." + }, + { + "id": 964, + "la": "tegat oportet auditor doctrinam suam, qui volet ad dicendum sollicitare trepidantem, nec emerita adversum tirunculos arma concutiat veterana calliditas", + "en": "A listener ought to conceal his own skill if he wishes to induce a nervous orator to speak, and a practised veteran should not brandish in the face of mere recruits weapons he has wielded through a full term of service." + }, + { + "id": 965, + "la": "sensit hoc Venus de pulchritudinis palma diu ambiguo ampliata iudicio", + "en": "Venus understood this in the matter of the prize for beauty so long withheld for lack of a decisive verdict." + }, + { + "id": 966, + "la": "pudenter enim ut apud patrem velata certaverat nec deterrebat aemulas ornatus aequalis;", + "en": "For it was modestly arrayed, when in the presence of her father, that she had contended, and her similar adornment did not discourage her rivals;" + }, + { + "id": 967, + "la": "at postquam in pastoris examen deducta est lis dearum, qualis emerserat mari aut cum Marte convenerat, et consternavit arbitrum et contendentium certamen oppressit", + "en": "but when the suit of the goddesses was brought down for a shepherds decision, she appeared as when she had risen from the sea or had met with Mars, both overwhelming the judge and crushing her competitors rivalry." + }, + { + "id": 968, + "la": "ergo nisi Delirus tuus in re tenui non tenuiter laboratus opuscula mea, quae promi studueras, retardasset, iam dudum ego ut palmes audacior in hibernas adhuc auras improbum germen egissem, periculum iudicii gravis inconsulta festinatione subiturus", + "en": "And so, had not your Crazy Man, slight in theme though not in finish,2 checked my poor little works which you were eager to have brought out to light, I should long since, like a too venturesome shoot, have put forth an impudent bud in the still wintry air, only to run the risk of heavy censure for my ill-advised haste." + }, + { + "id": 969, + "la": "denique pisonem, quem tollenonem existimo proprie a philologis appellatum, adhibere, ut iubebas, recenti versuum tuorum lectione non ausus, ea quae tibi iam cursim fuerant recitata, transmisi", + "en": "In short, to bring into play, as you bade me, the swipe1'which, I fancy, is correctly termed by scholars a swing-beam'I did not dare after lately reading your verses; but I send you those pieces which have already been hurriedly recited to you." + }, + { + "id": 970, + "la": "etenim hoc poposcisti atque id ego malui, tu ut tua culpa ad eundem lapidem bis offenderes, ego autem, quaecumque fortuna esset, semel erubescerem", + "en": "For indeed this you demand and I prefer; so that you, through your own fault, may stumble twice over the same stone, while I, whateer befall, may blush but once." + }, + { + "id": 971, + "la": "Vide, mi Paule, quam ineptum lacessieris in verbis rudem, in eloquendo hiulcum, a propositis discrepantem, in versibus concinnationis expertem, in cavillando nec natura venustum nec arte conditum", + "en": "See, my dear Paulus, what a sorry poet you have provoked!'in wording harsh, in utterance halting, wandering from his points, in versifying without elegance, in satire without natural grace or spice of art," + }, + { + "id": 972, + "la": "diluti salis, fellis ignavi, nec de mimo planipedem nec de comoediis histrionem", + "en": "watery in wit, sluggish in spleen, no true performer in mime,2 no actor in comedy." + }, + { + "id": 973, + "la": "ac nisi haec a nobis missa ipse lecturus esses, etiam de pronuntiatione rideres", + "en": "And were not you yourself to read these pieces I send, you would laugh at my delivery also." + }, + { + "id": 974, + "la": "nunc commodiore fato sunt, quod, licet apud nos genuina, aput te erunt adoptiva", + "en": "As it is, theirs is a more kindly destiny, because though begotten by me they will be adopted by you." + }, + { + "id": 975, + "la": "Vinum cum biiugo parabo plaustro primo tempore Santonos vehendum, ovum tu quoque passeris marini, quod nunc promus ait procul relictum in fundo patriae Bigerritanae", + "en": "So soon as I shall get wine carried to Saintes by two-horse cart, do you also get your cup of ostrich-shell which your steward says was left on your farm far away in your native Bigorre" + }, + { + "id": 976, + "la": "O qui vetustos uberi facundia sales opimas, Tetradi, cavesque, ne sit tristis et dulci carens amara concinnatio;", + "en": "Greeting O thou, who with copious eloquence enrichest our ancient stores of wit, Tetradius, and takest heed that thy tart compositions be not gloomy and bereft of sweetness;" + }, + { + "id": 977, + "la": "qui felle carmen atque melle temperans torpere musas non sinis pariterque fucas, quaeque gustu ignava sunt, et quae sapore tristia;", + "en": "who, blending gall and honey in thy verse, sufferest not thy Muses to grow dull, and flavourest alike what is insipid to the taste and what bitter to the palate;" + }, + { + "id": 978, + "la": "rudes camenas qui Suessae praevenis aevoque cedis, non stilo:", + "en": "thou who outstripst the unpolished Muses of Suessa,3 yielding in age to them but not in style;" + }, + { + "id": 979, + "la": "cur me propinquum Santonorum moenibus declinas, ut Lucas boves olim resumpto praeferoces proelio fugit iuventus Romula?", + "en": "why dost thou shun me, neighbour to the walls of Saintes, as of old the Roman youth fled from the Lucanian oxen4 who renewed the battle with exceeding fury?" + }, + { + "id": 980, + "la": "non ut tigris te, non leonis impetu, amore sed caro expeto", + "en": "Not like a tiger, not with lions spring, but in fond love I seek thee out." + }, + { + "id": 981, + "la": "videre alumni gestio vultus mei et indole optata frui", + "en": "I yearn to see my pupils countenance and to enjoy the longed-for fruits of his mind." + }, + { + "id": 982, + "la": "invitus oliom devoravi absentiae necessitatem pristinae, quondam docendi munere adstrictum gravi Iculisma cum te absconderet, et invidebam devio ac solo loco opus camenarum tegi at nunc", + "en": "Reluctant hitherto I have gulped down the necessity which parted us in bygone days when Iculisma5 kept thee hidden, once fettered with the heavy chains of teaching, and I would grudge that in so remote and lonely a spot the Muses handiwork was concealed. But now" + }, + { + "id": 983, + "la": "frequentes atque claros nec procul cum floreas inter viros tibique nostras ventus auras deferat auresque sermo verberet", + "en": "seeing thou flourishest amid throngs of famous men and not far hence, where the wind wafts to thee my renown and talk of me rings in thine ears" + }, + { + "id": 984, + "la": "cur me supino pectoris fastu tumens spernis poetam consulem, tuique amantem teque mirantem ac tua desiderantem carmina oblitus alto neglegis fastidio?", + "en": "why, puffing out thy chest with proud disdain, dost thou scorn me, a poet-consul, and to one who loves thee, admires thee, longs to enjoy thy verse, forgetfully show neglect and proud contempt?" + }, + { + "id": 985, + "la": "plectendus exemplo tuo, ni stabilis aevo pectoris nostri fides quamquam recusantes amet", + "en": "Thou shouldst be punished after thine own example, did not the loyalty of my heart, unmoved by time, love even the reluctant." + }, + { + "id": 986, + "la": "Vale, valere si voles me, pervola cum scrinio et musis tuis", + "en": "Farewell. If thou wilt my welfare, whirl here forthwith with writing-case and all thy Muses." + }, + { + "id": 987, + "la": "Oblata per antiquarios mora scio promissi mei gratiam expectatione consumptam, Probe, vir optime; in secundis tamen habeo non fefellisse", + "en": "After the delay caused by the copyists, I know that the pleasure caused by my promise has been outworn by hope deferred, most noble Probus; yet I count it good fortune that I have not broken my word." + }, + { + "id": 988, + "la": "apologos Titiani et Nepotis chronica quasi alios apologos (nam et ipsa instar sunt fabularum) ad nobilitatem tuam misi, gaudens atque etiam glorians fore aliquid, quod ad institutionem tuorum sedulitatis meae studio conferatur", + "en": "The Fables of Titianus2 and the Chronicles of Nepos3'as though they were further fables; for they, too, are like fairy tales'I now send your excellency, glad, nay exultant, that there will be something which my devotion and pains can contribute towards your childrens education." + }, + { + "id": 989, + "la": "Libello tamen apologorum antetuli paucos epodos, studio in te observantiae meae impudentissimo, paucos quidem, ut ego loquax iudico; verum tu, cum tegeris, etiam nimium multos putabis", + "en": "To the little book of Fables, however, I have, in the zeal of my respect for you, taken the extreme liberty of prefixing a few verses'few at least as I judge, who am a man of words; though you, when you have read them, will think them all too many." + }, + { + "id": 990, + "la": "adiuro benevolentiam tuam, verecundiae meae lestem, eos mihi subita persuasione fluxisse", + "en": "I solemnly assure your good-natured self, who can vouch for my honour, that I gave vent to them on a sudden impulse" + }, + { + "id": 991, + "la": "nam quis hos diu cogitaret? quod sane ipsi per se probabunt", + "en": "For who would need to ponder long over these? This, indeed, the verses themselves will confirm." + }, + { + "id": 992, + "la": "fors fuat, ut si mihi vita suppetet, aliquid rerum tuarum quamvis incultus expoliam:", + "en": "It may be that, if I live long enough, I will fashion out some work on your career, rude craftsman though I am:" + }, + { + "id": 993, + "la": "quod tu etsi lectum non probes, scriptum boni consules", + "en": "even should you not be satisfied with the reading of it, you will take the writing in good part." + }, + { + "id": 994, + "la": "cumque ego imitatus sim vesaniam Choerili, tu ignoscas magnanimitate Alexandri", + "en": "And since I have copied Choerilus in his madness, you must pardon me with the generosity of Alexander." + }, + { + "id": 995, + "la": "Hi igitur, ut Plautus ait, interim erunt antelogium fabularum, garruli et deceptores", + "en": "These verses then (to use Plautus word2) will serve meanwhile as Foreword to the Fables, wordy and treacherous though they are." + }, + { + "id": 996, + "la": "qui compositi ad honorificentiae obsequium, ad aurium convicium concurrerunt vale et me dilige", + "en": "Though put together to convey my dutiful compliments to you, they have rushed off with one accord to offend your ears. Farewell, and give me your good regard." + }, + { + "id": 997, + "la": "Perge, o libelle, Sirmium et dic ero meo ac tuo have atque salve plurimum", + "en": "Go forth, little book, to Sirmium, and to thy lord and mine bid hearty health and greeting." + }, + { + "id": 998, + "la": "quis iste sit nobis erus, nescis, libelle?", + "en": "Thou knowest not, little book, who is that our lord?" + }, + { + "id": 999, + "la": "an, cum scias, libenter audis, quod iuvat?", + "en": "Or though thou knowest, dost thou love to hear what delights thee?" + }, + { + "id": 1000, + "la": "possem absolute dicere, sed dulcius circumloquar diuque fando perfruar", + "en": "I might tell thee outright, but for more pleasure I will talk in mazes and with speech drawn out get full enjoyment." + }, + { + "id": 1001, + "la": "hunc dico, qui lingua potens minorem Atridam praeterit orando pauca et musica;", + "en": "Him I mean who, full eloquent, outstrips Atreus younger son3 in pleading with few but melodious words;" + }, + { + "id": 1002, + "la": "qui grandines Ulixei et mel fluentem Nestora concinnat ore Tulli;", + "en": "who combines Ulysses hail and Nestors honeyed flow with Tullys utterance;" + }, + { + "id": 1003, + "la": "qui solus exceptis tribus eris erorum primus est praetorioque maximus", + "en": "who is the all-highest save the three Lords of Lords,1 and supreme in the Praetorium." + }, + { + "id": 1004, + "la": "dico hunc senati praesulem, praefectum eundem et consulem (nam consul aeternum cluet collega Augusti consulis), columen curulis Romulae primum in secundis fascibus;", + "en": "Him I mean, the Senates chief, prefect likewise and consul (for as consul he has endless fame as colleague of an Emperor-consul), prop of the Roman curule chair'first, though his authority is second in degree;" + }, + { + "id": 1005, + "la": "nam primus e cunctis erit consul, secundus principi", + "en": "for first of all citizens shall he be as consul, but second to the Prince." + }, + { + "id": 1006, + "la": "Generi hic superstes aureo satorque prolis aureae convincit Ascraeum senem, non esse saeclum ferreum, qui vincit aevi iniuriam stirpis novator Anniae paribusque comit infulis Aniciorum stemmata", + "en": "He, the survivor of the Golden Race, begetter of a golden progeny, refutes the sage of Ascra,2 showing this is no Iron Age, since, conquering Times ravages, he renews the line of the Annii and has equal right to deck with fillets the Anician family-tree." + }, + { + "id": 1007, + "la": "Probum loquor: scis optime, quem nemo fando dixerit, qui non prius laudaverit", + "en": "Of Probus speak I: thou knowest him full well'whom none ever named in speech without first praising him." + }, + { + "id": 1008, + "la": "perge, o libelle, et utere felicitate intermina", + "en": "Go forth, my little book, there to enjoy boundless good fortune" + }, + { + "id": 1009, + "la": "Quin et require, si sinet tenore fari obnoxio: Age vera proles Romuli, effare causam nominis", + "en": "And ask withal, if he will suffer thee to address him in humble tones: Prithee, true son of Romulus, declare the reason of thy name." + }, + { + "id": 1010, + "la": "utrumne mores hoc tui nomen dedere, an nomen hoc secuta morum regula?", + "en": "Was it thy conduct earned thee this name, or to this name hath thy rule of conduct conformed?" + }, + { + "id": 1011, + "la": "an ille venturi sciens mundi supremus arbiter, qualem creavit moribus, iussit vocari nomine?", + "en": "Or of his fore-knowledge did the supreme Disposer of the world bid thee be called by a name expressive of the nature with which he created thee?" + }, + { + "id": 1012, + "la": "Nomen datum praeconiis vitaeque testimonio libelle felix, quem sinu vir tantus evolvet suo nec occupari tempora grato queretur otio, quem melleae vocis modis leni aut susurro impertiet, cui nigellae luminum vacare dignabunt corae, quem mente et aure consciis, quibusdam omissis, perleget:", + "en": "The name was given in his praise and for a token of his life. Ah, happy little book, that such a man will unroll thee on his knee and not complain that thou takest up the hours of his welcome leisure; that he will vouchsafe thee the tones of his honeyed voice or his soft whispers; that for thee the dear dark pupils of his eyes will deign to find leisure; that with mind and ear in unison he will read thee through, some pages skipped." + }, + { + "id": 1013, + "la": "Quaecumque fortuna est tibi, perge, o libelle, et utere felicitate intermina", + "en": "Whateer thy fortune, go forth, little book, and enjoy thy boundless happiness." + }, + { + "id": 1014, + "la": "dic me valere et vivere, dic vivere ex voto pio, sanctis precantem vocibus, ut, quem curulis proxima collegio nati dedit, hunc rursus Augustus prior suis perennet fascibus", + "en": "Say that I fare well and live, say that I live as I devoutly asked, praying with hallowed words that, as the last consulship made him colleague of the son, so again Augustus the sire1 will renown him with partnership in his own honours." + }, + { + "id": 1015, + "la": "subnecte et illud leniter: Apologos en misit tibi ab usque Rheni limite Ausonius, nomen Italum, praeceptor Augusti tui, Aesopiam trimetriam, quam vertit exili stilo pedestre concinnans opus fandi Titianus artifex; ut hinc avi ac patris decus, mixto resurgens sanguine, Probiano itemque Anicio, ut quondam in Albae moenibus supremus Aenea satus Silvios Iulis miscuit, sic iste, qui natus tui, flos flosculorum Romuli, nutricis inter lemmata lallique somniferos modos suescat peritus fabulis simul et iocari et discere.", + "en": "This also gently add: Lo, from the very borders of the Rhine Ausonius, Italian of name,2 tutor of thy belovd Augustus, sends thee these Fables, by Aesop writ in trimeters, but rendered in simple style and adapted into prose by Titianus, artist in words; that hereby he who is his fathers and grandfathers pride, sprung from the mingled strains of the Probi and Anicii'as of old in Alba town the last scion of Aeneas stock united the lines of Silvius1 and Iulus'so he who is thy offspring, flower of the flowerlets of Rome, amid nurses tales and drowsy strains of lullaby, may become versed in fables, growing used to play and learn at the same time." + }, + { + "id": 1016, + "la": "His adde votum, quod pio concepimus rei deo: Ut genitor Augustus dedit collegio nati Probum, sic Gratianus hunc novum stirpi futurae copulet.", + "en": "Thereto add this prayer which I, though sinful, have addressed to the all-loving God: Even as Augustus the sire hath made Probus colleague to his son, so may Gratian link this new Probus with his offspring which shall be." + }, + { + "id": 1017, + "la": "rata sunt futura, quae loquor: sic merita factorum iubent", + "en": "Fulfilled hereafter shall be the words I speak: the worth of Probus deeds demands it so." + }, + { + "id": 1018, + "la": "Set iam ut loquatur lulius, fandi modum invita accipe, volucripes dimetria, haveque dicto dic vale", + "en": "But now, that Julius2 may speak, though all unwilling make an end of words, swift - footed dimeter, and having said hail, say now farewell!" + }, + { + "id": 1019, + "la": "Ad Ursulum Grammaticum Trevirorum cui Strenas Kalendis Ianuariis ab Imperatore non datas reddi fecit", + "en": "To Ursulus, a Grammarian of Trves, to whom he had caused to be paid the Bounty3 which had not been given to him by the Emperor on the First of January" + }, + { + "id": 1020, + "la": "ostia quot pro parte aperit stridentia circus excepto, medium quod patet ad stadium;", + "en": "as many as the jarring gates which open on one half of the circus, excepting that which looks along the axis of the course;" + }, + { + "id": 1021, + "la": "Primus iucundi foret hic tibi fructus honoris Augustae faustum munus habere manus: proximus ex longo gradus est quaestoris amici curam pro strenis excubuisse tuis", + "en": "Fullest enjoyment of a sweet distinction for thee were this'to have an auspicious gift from Imperial hands: next'though far inferior in degree'that thy quaestor-friend took tireless pains to gain thy New Years bounty." + }, + { + "id": 1022, + "la": "ergo interceptos regale nomisma Philippos accipe tot numero, quot duo Geryones;", + "en": "Therefore of royal coinage, of Philippes dor1 waylaid by me receive as many as two Geryons;" + }, + { + "id": 1023, + "la": "quot terni biiuges demptoque triente Camenae quotque super terram sidera zodiaci;", + "en": "as three pair of horses, or as the Muses less one-third their band, or as those stars of the Zodiac that are above the earth;" + }, + { + "id": 1024, + "la": "quot commissa viris Romana Albanaque fata quotque doces horis quotque domi resides;", + "en": "as many as the heroes to whom were committed the destinies of Rome and Alba,2 or as the hours wherein thou dost teach3 or wherein thou dost rest at home;" + }, + { + "id": 1025, + "la": "quot pedibus gradiuntur apes et versus Homeri quotque horis pelagus profluit aut refluit;", + "en": "4 as many as the feet whereon bees and Homers verses move, or as the hours of the tides flow and ebb;" + }, + { + "id": 1026, + "la": "protulit in scaenam quot dramata fabellarum, Arcadiae medio qui iacet in gremio, vel quot iuncturas geometrica forma favorum conserit extremis omnibus et mediis; quot telios primus numerus solusque probatur;", + "en": "as many as the dramatic plots put on the stage by him who rests in the midst of Arcadias bosom, or as the angles which the geometric figure of the honey-cell forms by the meeting of its extreme and intervening sides; as many as that which is approved the one and only perfect number;" + }, + { + "id": 1027, + "la": "quot par atque impar partibus aequiperat, bis ternos et ter binos qui conserit unus, qui solus totidem congeminatus habet, quot faciunt iuncti subterque supraque locati; qui numerant Hyadas Pleiadasque simul", + "en": "as that which consists equally of odd and even numbers, which alone unites in itself twice three and thrice two'the only number which, if doubled, contains as many units as the numbers8 above it and below when added contain, and as the joint total of the Hyades and Pleiades." + }, + { + "id": 1028, + "la": "Tot numero auratos pro strenis accipe nummos Ursule collega nobilis Harmonio, Harmonio, quem Claranus, quem Scaurus et Asper, quem sibi conferret Varro priorque Crates quique sacri lacerum collegit corpus Homeri quique notas spuriis versibus adposuit: Cecropiae commune decus Latiaeque camenae, solus qui Chium miscet et Ammineum", + "en": "So many sovereigns take as thy New Years gift, Ursulus, famed as colleague of Harmonius'Harmonius, whom Claranus,1 whom Scaurus and Asper,2 whom Varro would rank as his equal, or Crates3 in earlier days, or he who gathered the mangled limbs of sacred Homer;4 or who placed symbols to mark out spurious verses:5 Harmonius, glory alike of the Attic and the Latin Muse, who alone dost mingle wine of Chios and Aminaea." + }, + { + "id": 1029, + "la": "Ausonius, cuius ferulam nunc sceptra verentur, paganum Medulis iubeo salvere Theonem", + "en": "Ausonius, whose rod now overawes a sceptre, sends greeting to rustic Theon at Mdoc." + }, + { + "id": 1030, + "la": "Quid geris extremis positus telluris in oris, cultor harenarum vates, cui litus arandum oceani finem iuxta solemque cadentem, vilis harundineis cohibet quem pergula tectis et tinguit piceo lacrimosa colonica fumo?", + "en": "What dost thou, dwelling on earths farthest verge, poetic tiller of the sands, who must plough the shore next Oceans border and the setting sun, whom a poor hovel, thatched with reeds, confines, and a peasants hut smothers with sooty smoke that brings tears to the eyes?" + }, + { + "id": 1031, + "la": "quid rerum Musaeque gerunt et cantor Apollo' Musae non Helicone satae nec fonte caballi, set quae facundo de pectore Clementini inspirant vacuos aliena mente poetas?", + "en": "What can the Muses be doing, and songster Apollo'Muses not sprung from Helicon nor from the Horses Spring,7 but those which, springing from Clementinus eloquent breast, inspire empty-headed bards with borrowed thoughts?" + }, + { + "id": 1032, + "la": "iure quidem: nam quis malit sua carmina dici, qui te securo possit proscindere risu?", + "en": "And rightly so: for who would rather have verses called his when he can safely rend thee with his laughter?" + }, + { + "id": 1033, + "la": "haec quoque ne nostrum possint urgere pudorem, tu recita, et vere poterunt tua dicta videri", + "en": "These verses also, lest they may force my blushes, do thou recite: and truly they will easily seem thy very words." + }, + { + "id": 1034, + "la": "Quam tamen exerces Medulorum in litore vitam?", + "en": "Yet what life dost thou pursue on the coasts of Mdoc?" + }, + { + "id": 1035, + "la": "mercatusne agitas leviore nomismate captans, insanis quod mox pretiis gravis auctio vendat albentis sevi globulos et pinguia cerae pondera Naryciamque picem scissamque papyrum fumantesque olidum, paganica lumina, taedas?", + "en": "Art busy trafficking, snapping up for a clipped coinage goods presently to be sold in dear salerooms at outrageous prices as balls of sickly tallow, greasy lumps of wax, Narycian1 pitch, torn paper, and rank-smoking torches, your country lights?" + }, + { + "id": 1036, + "la": "An maiora gerens tota regione vagantes persequeris fures, qui te postrema timentes in partem praedamque vocent?", + "en": "Or art thou busy about greater matters, chasing the thieves who roam through all thy neighbourhood, until they fear the worst and invite thee to share their spoils?" + }, + { + "id": 1037, + "la": "tu mitis et osor sanguinis humani condonas crimina nummis erroremque vocas pretiumque inponis abactis bubus et in partem scelerum de iudice transis?", + "en": "Dost thou through tenderness and hatred of bloodshed compound felonies for cash, call them mistakes, levy fines for cattle rieved, and leave the part of judge to share the crime?" + }, + { + "id": 1038, + "la": "An cum fratre vagos dumeta per avia cervos circumdas maculis et multa indagine pinnae?", + "en": "Or with thy brother amid impenetrable thickets dost thou surround the wandering harts with mesh and feathers2 in wide circle?" + }, + { + "id": 1039, + "la": "aut spumantis apri cursum clamoribus urges subsidisque fero?", + "en": "Or dost thou urge on with shouts the foaming boars career and lay wait for the monster?" + }, + { + "id": 1040, + "la": "moneo tamen, usque recuses stringere fulmineo venabula comminus hosti", + "en": "Yet I warn thee ever to avoid wielding thy spear at close quarters with a bolt-like foe." + }, + { + "id": 1041, + "la": "exemplum de fratre time, qui veste reducta ostentat foedas prope turpia membra lacunas perfossasque nates vicino podice nudat", + "en": "Take warning from thy brother, who pulls back his clothes displaying ugly scars near his privy parts, and bares his breech to show how awkwardly twas pierced." + }, + { + "id": 1042, + "la": "inde ostentator volitat, mirentur ut ipsum Gedippa Ursinusque suus prolesque Iovini taur nusque ipsum priscis heroibus aequans, qualis in Olenio victor Calydonius apro aut Erymantheo pubes fuit Attica monstro", + "en": "Then to display his wounds he flits away to be admired by Gedippa, and his friend Ursinus, and Jovinus young hopeful, and Taurinus who ranks him with ancient heroes such as was the Calydonian conqueror3 of the boar in Olenus, or the Attic stripling4 victorious oer the Erymanthian5 monster." + }, + { + "id": 1043, + "la": "Set tu parce feris venatibus et fuge nota crimina silvarum, ne sis Cinyreia proles accedasque iterum Veneri plorandus Adonis", + "en": "But do thou give up the chase and shun the well-known tragedies of the woods, lest thou be as the son of Cinyras and become a second Adonis for Venus to mourn." + }, + { + "id": 1044, + "la": "sic certe crinem flavus niveusque lacertos caesariem rutilam per candida colla refundis, pectore sic tenero, plana sic iunceus alvo, per teretes feminum gyros surasque nitentes descendis, talos a vertice pulcher ad imos", + "en": "Like him, assuredly, fair-haired and snowy-white of arms, thou dost let stream ruddy locks over a gleaming neck; like him soft of breast, like him slender as a reed with shapely body, dost thou pass lower into smoothly curving hips and shining ankles, beauteous from top to toe" + }, + { + "id": 1045, + "la": "qualis floricoma quondam populator in Aetna virgineas inter choreas Deoida raptam sustulit emersus Stygiis fornacibus Orcus", + "en": "even such as of old the ravisher in flowery Aetna, who from amid maiden throngs carried off Deos daughter'Orcus, arisen from his Stygian furnaces!" + }, + { + "id": 1046, + "la": "An, quia venatus ob tanta pericula vitas, piscandi traheris studio?", + "en": "Or, because thou avoidest the chase by reason of such great dangers, does zeal for fishing draw thee?" + }, + { + "id": 1047, + "la": "nam tota supellex Dumnitoni tales solita est ostendere gazas, nodosas vestes animantum Nerinorum et iacula et fundas et, nomina vilica, lina colaque et insutos terrenis vermibus hamos", + "en": "For all the gear at Dumnitonus is wont to display such treasures as the knotty wraps of Nereus creatures, casting-nets, drag-nets, lines with rustic names, wears, and stitched hooks for earthworms." + }, + { + "id": 1048, + "la": "his opibus confise tumes?", + "en": "On this outfit dost thou proudly rely?" + }, + { + "id": 1049, + "la": "domus omnis abunda litoreis dives spoliis", + "en": "The whole house is rich to overflowing with the spoils of the seashore." + }, + { + "id": 1050, + "la": "referuntur ab unda corroco, letalis trygon mollesque platessae, urentes thynni et male tecti spina elacati nec duraturi post bina trihoria corvi", + "en": "From the waves are brought home sturgeon,3 the deadly sting-ray, soft tender plaice, bitter tunnies,4 spindle-fish5 ill-guarded by their spines, and grayling which will not keep above twice three hours." + }, + { + "id": 1051, + "la": "An te carminibus iuvat incestare canoras Mnemosynes natas, aut tris aut octo sorores?", + "en": "Or dost thou delight to outrage with thy verses the songful daughters of Mnemosyne, be they sisters three or eight?" + }, + { + "id": 1052, + "la": "et quoniam huc ventum, si vis agnoscere, quid sit inter doctrinam deridendasque camenas, accipe congestas, mysteria frivola, nugas, quas tamen explicitis nequeas deprendere chartis, scillite decies nisi cor purgeris aceto Anticyraeve bibas Samii Lucumonis acumen", + "en": "And since we are come to this, if thou wouldst learn what is midway between learned verse and verse ridiculous, take this trumped-up rubbish, this trifling mystery, though with the sheet unrolled thou wilt not be able to comprehend it unless thou dost purge thy wits ten times over with vinegar seasoned with squills,1 or at Anticyra drink in the sagacity of the Samian nabob." + }, + { + "id": 1053, + "la": "aut adsit interpres tuus, aenigmatum qui cognitor fuit meorum, cum tibi Cadmi nigellas filias, Melonis albam paginam notasque furvae sepiae Gnidiosque nodos prodidit", + "en": "Or let thy interpreter come to thy aid, he who read my riddles and revealed to thee the secret of Cadmus little darky-girls, Melos white page, the marks of the swart cuttlefish, and the knots of Cnidos." + }, + { + "id": 1054, + "la": "nunc adsit et certe, modo praesul creatus litteris, enucleabit protinus quod lusitantes scribimus", + "en": "Let him now come to thy help, and certainly once appointed literary dictator, he will worry out forthwith what I write playfully." + }, + { + "id": 1055, + "la": "Notos fingo tibi, poeta, versus, quos scis hendecasyllabos vocari, set nescis modulis tribus moveri istos conposuit Phalaecus olim, qui penthemimeren habent priorem et post semipedem duos iambos", + "en": "I am making up verses, Master Poet, well known to thee, and which thou knowest are called hendecasyllables, though thou knowest not that they move to three measures. Those were composed by Phalaecus4 of old, in which a penthemimeris is followed by a half-foot after two iambi." + }, + { + "id": 1056, + "la": "sunt quos hexametri creant revulsi, ut penthemimeres prior locetur, tum quod bucolice tome relinquit", + "en": "Others are so formed from a mutilated hexameter that the penthemimeris is placed first, and then, what left after the bucolic caesura." + }, + { + "id": 1057, + "la": "sunt et quos generat puella Sappho: quos primus regit hippius secundus, ut eludat choriambon antibacchus", + "en": "There are also those which the girl Sappho brought forth, where first reigns a second hippius, leaving an antibacchius to cap a choriambus." + }, + { + "id": 1058, + "la": "set iam non poteris, Theon, doceri, nec fas est mihi regio magistro plebeiam numeros docere pulpam", + "en": "But thou wilt no longer be able to learn, Theon, andtis not lawful for me, a royal schoolmaster, to teach prosody to common clay." + }, + { + "id": 1059, + "la": "Verum protinus ede, quod requiro", + "en": "But forthwith produce what I demand." + }, + { + "id": 1060, + "la": "nil quaero, nisi quod libris tenetur et quod non opicae tegunt papyri quas si solveris, o poeta, nugas, totam trado tibi simul Vacunam, nec iam post metues ubique dictum:", + "en": "I ask for naught but what thy notebooks hold and unsoiled sheets contain. If thou, Sir Poet, wilt pay me this trifle, all Vacuna1 do I cede to thee outright, and no more hereafter shalt thou dread the universal cry:" + }, + { + "id": 1061, + "la": "Hic est ille Theon poeta falsus, bonorum mala carminum Laverna", + "en": "This is that feigned poet, Theon, the bad Laverna2 of good poetry." + }, + { + "id": 1062, + "la": "Ausonius Theoni cum ei triginta Ostrea grandia quidem set tam pauca misisset", + "en": "Ausonius to Theon, who had sent him thirty Oysters: he complains that though large they are so few" + }, + { + "id": 1063, + "la": "Expectaveram, ut rescriberes ad ea, quae dudum ioculariter luseram de cessatione tua valde impia et mea efflagitatione, cuius rei munus reciprocum quoniam in me colendo fastidisti, inventa inter tineas epistula vetere, quam de ostreis et musculis adfectata obscuritate condideram, quae adulescens temere fuderam, iam senior retractavi", + "en": "v" + }, + { + "id": 1064, + "la": "set in eundem modum instaurata est satirica et ridicula concinnatio, saltem ut nunc respondeas novissimae cantilenae, qui illam noviciam silentio condemnasti", + "en": "But though recast, this composition still retains the same satirical and burlesque character, that now at least you may send an answer to my ditty in its newest guise, though by your silence you condemned it when new born." + }, + { + "id": 1065, + "la": "Ostrea Baianis certantia, quae Medulorum dulcibus in stagnis reflui maris aestus opimat, accepi, dilecte Theon, numerabile munus", + "en": "Oysters rivalling those of Baiae, which the surge of the ebbing sea fattens in the lush marshes of Mdoc, I have received, dear Theon'a gift not beyond reckoning." + }, + { + "id": 1066, + "la": "verum quot fuerint, subiecta monosticha signant:", + "en": "But what was their number, the following single lines declare." + }, + { + "id": 1067, + "la": "Quot ter luctatus cum pollice computat index;", + "en": "As many were they as the forefinger thrice crossed with the thumb1 reckons up;" + }, + { + "id": 1068, + "la": "Geryones quot erant, decies si multiplicentur;", + "en": "as many as there were Geryons, if ten times multiplied;" + }, + { + "id": 1069, + "la": "ter quot erant Phrygii numerata decennia belli, aut iter ut solidi mensis tenet ignicomus Sol;", + "en": "thrice as many as the decades told over in the Phrygian (Trojan) War, or as the journeys made by the flame-tressed Sun in a full month;" + }, + { + "id": 1070, + "la": "cornibus a primis quot habet vaga Cynthia noctes;", + "en": "as the nights which wandering Cynthia enjoys after she first shows her horns" + }, + { + "id": 1071, + "la": "singula percurrit Titan quot signa diebus quotque annis sublimis agit sua saecula Phaenon;", + "en": "as the days wherein Titan traverses each several Sign;2 as the years in which Phaenon (Saturn) accomplishes his circuit aloft;" + }, + { + "id": 1072, + "la": "quot numero annorum Vestalis virgo ministrat Dardaniusque nepos regno quot protulit annos;", + "en": "as the tale of years in which a Vestal maid does service,3 and as those oer which the scion of Dardanus4 prolonged his reign;" + }, + { + "id": 1073, + "la": "Priamidae quot erant, si bis deni retrahantur, bisque viros numeres, qui fata Amphrysia servant;", + "en": "as many as Priams sons if twice ten are deducted, or, if you count them twice, as they who keep the Amphrysian Oracles;" + }, + { + "id": 1074, + "la": "quot genuit fetus Albana sub ilicibus sus et quot sunt asses, ubi nonaginta trientes, vel quot habet iunctos Vasatica raeda caballos", + "en": "as the young littered beneath the oaks by the Alban sow,6 and as the unit when there are ninety thirds'or as many hacks as are harnessed to a car at Bazas" + }, + { + "id": 1075, + "la": "Quod si figuras fabulis adumbratas numerumque doctis involutum ambagibus ignorat alto mens obesa viscere, numerare saltim more vulgi ut noveris, in se retortas explicabo summulas", + "en": "But if the figure shadowed forth in story, and the number wrapped up in this learned rigmarole baffles a mind smothered deep in fat'that you may know how to count in the common way at least, I will unfold the sum reduced to its factors" + }, + { + "id": 1076, + "la": "Ter denas puto quinquiesve senas, vel bis quinque, dehinc decem decemque, vel senas quater et bis adde ternas;", + "en": "Thrice ten, methinks, or five times six, or two times five plus ten and ten, or four times six with twice three added;" + }, + { + "id": 1077, + "la": "septenis quater adde et unum et unum, aut ter quattuor adde bis novenis;", + "en": "to seven times four add one and one, or to thrice four add nine twice over;" + }, + { + "id": 1078, + "la": "duc binas decies semelque denas; octonas quater, hinc duae recedant; binas ter decies, semel quaternas", + "en": "take ten times two and one time ten, four times eight with two subtracted, two thirteen times plus a single four." + }, + { + "id": 1079, + "la": "et sex adde novem vel octo septem, aut septem geminis bis octo iunge, aut'ne sim tibi pluribus molestus, triginta numero fuere cunctae", + "en": "Add also six to nine and eight to seven, or with twin sevens twice join eight, or'not to bother you with more'thirty in number were they all." + }, + { + "id": 1080, + "la": "Iunctus limicolis musculus ostreis primo conposuit fercula prandio, gratus deliciis nobilium cibus et sumptu modicus pauperibus focis", + "en": "The mussel not without mud-haunting oysters, makes up a course for early luncheon'a food delightful to the taste of lords and cheap enough for poor folks kitchens." + }, + { + "id": 1081, + "la": "non hic navifrago quaeritur aequore, ut crescat pretium grande periculis;", + "en": "Tis not sought on the ship-wrecking deep so that the price grows great to match the danger," + }, + { + "id": 1082, + "la": "set primore vado post refugum mare algoso legitur litore concolor", + "en": "but is picked up in the nearest shallows after the seas ebb, matching in colour the weed-strewn shore." + }, + { + "id": 1083, + "la": "nam testae duplicis conditur in specu, quae ferventis aquae fota vaporibus carnem lacteoli visceris indicat", + "en": "For it is hidden in the cavern of a double shell which, warmed by the steam of boiling water, reveals the milk-white substance within." + }, + { + "id": 1084, + "la": "Set damnosa nimis panditur area", + "en": "But too careless of cost this broad sheet is spreading out." + }, + { + "id": 1085, + "la": "fac campum replices, Musa, papyrium nec iam fissipedis per calami vias grassetur Gnidiae sulcus harundinis, pingens aridulae subdita paginae Cadmi filiolis atricoloribus", + "en": "See that thou abridge, my Muse, thy acreage of paper, and no longer let the furrow of the Cnidian reed proceed along the paths of the cloven-footed pen painting the surface of my poor parched page with Cadmus dark-hued little daughters." + }, + { + "id": 1086, + "la": "aut cunctis pariter versibus oblinat furvam lacticolor sphongia sepiam", + "en": "Or from all the lines alike let a milk-white sponge blot out the dusky sepia." + }, + { + "id": 1087, + "la": "Parcamus vitio Dumnitonae domus, ne sit charta mihi carior ostreis", + "en": "Let us spare the shortcomings of the folk at Dumnitonus, lest paper cost me more than the value of the oysters." + }, + { + "id": 1088, + "la": "Ausonius salve caro mihi dico Theoni, versibus expediens, quod volo quodve queror Tertia fissipedes renovavit Luna iuvencas, ut fugitas nostram, dulcis amice, domum", + "en": "I, Ausonius, send greeting to my dear Theon, here setting out in verse my wishes and complaints. Thrice hath Luna renewed her cloven-footed heifers,1 since thou, sweet friend, dost avoid my house." + }, + { + "id": 1089, + "la": "nonaginta dies sine te, carissime, traxi; huc adde aestivos: hoc mihi paene duplum est", + "en": "Ninety days without thee have I dragged out, my dearest comrade; add further, summer days: this makes them nearly twice as long for me." + }, + { + "id": 1090, + "la": "vis novies denos dicam deciesque novenos isse dies?", + "en": "Wouldst have me say that nine times ten days or ten times nine are gone?" + }, + { + "id": 1091, + "la": "anni portio quarta abiit sexaginta horas super et duo milia centum te sine consumpsi, quo sine et hora gravis", + "en": "A fourth part of the year is passed away. Sixty hours and two thousand and a hundred beside without thee have I spent'without whom even an hour hangs heavy." + }, + { + "id": 1092, + "la": "milia bis nongenta iubet demensio legum adnumerata reos per tot obire dies", + "en": "Miles twice nine hundred the laws appointment bids men accused traverse to full reckoning in so many days." + }, + { + "id": 1093, + "la": "iam potui Romam pedes ire pedesque reverti, ex quo te dirimunt milia pauca mihi", + "en": "By this time could I have gone afoot to Rome, and afoot returned, since the time when a few miles have parted thee from me." + }, + { + "id": 1094, + "la": "scirpea Dumnitoni tanti est habitatio vati? Pauliacos tanti non mihi villa foret", + "en": "Has a thatched cot at Dumnitonus such charms for a bard? My villa Pauliacos3 would not weigh so with me." + }, + { + "id": 1095, + "la": "an quia per tabulam dicto pangente notatam debita summa mihi est, ne repetamus, abes?", + "en": "Or because by bond drawn up hard and fast money is owed to me, dost thou keep from me lest I claim it back?" + }, + { + "id": 1096, + "la": "bis septem rutilos regale nomisma Philippos, nec tanti fuerint, perdere malo, Theon, implicitum quam te nostris interne medullis defore tam longi temporis in spatio", + "en": "Those twice seven gleaming Philippes dor of royal mintage,4 Theon, I had rather lose'they would not be worth so much'than that thou, who art so closely twined about my heart, shouldst desert me over this long stretch of time." + }, + { + "id": 1097, + "la": "ergo aut praedictos iam nunc rescribe Darios et redime, ut mora sit libera desidiae, aut alios a me totidem dabo, dum modo cari conspicer ora viri pauperis usque licet", + "en": "So either send back now forthwith the aforesaid louis and buy back thy freedom slothfully to linger, or I will freely give as many more besides, provided I behold the face of one so dear, however poor he be." + }, + { + "id": 1098, + "la": "Puppe citus propera sinuosaque lintea veli pande: Medullini te feret aura noti expositum subter paradas lectoque iacentem, corporis ut tanti non moveatur onus", + "en": "Haste hither, sped by boat, and spread the bellying canvas of thy sail: the breath of the south wind from Mdoc will waft thee reclining beneath an awning and stretched upon a couch, that the bulk of so great a body be not shaken." + }, + { + "id": 1099, + "la": "unus Dumnitoni te litore perferet aestus Condatem ad portum, si modo deproperes inque vicem veli, quotiens tua flamina cessant, remipedem iubeas protinus ire ratem", + "en": "One tide will bear thee from the shore of Dumnitonus right to the harbour of Condate,1 if only thou makest good haste, and in place of sail, wheneer thy favouring breezes die away, biddest the bark speed straight on propelled with oars." + }, + { + "id": 1100, + "la": "invenies praesto subiuncta petorrita mulis: villa Lucani mox potieris aco", + "en": "Thou shalt find ready a four-wheeled car with team of mules: soon wilt thou gain the Lucani- villa -acus." + }, + { + "id": 1101, + "la": "rescisso disces conponere nomine versum: Lucili vatis sic imitator eris", + "en": "Thou shalt learn to make verse with such split nouns: thus shalt thou be a copier of the bard Lucilius." + }, + { + "id": 1102, + "la": "Aurea mala, Theon, set plumbea carmina mittis; unius massae quis putet has species? unum nomen utrisque, set est discrimen utrisque: poma ut mala voces, carmina verte mala Vale beatis nomen a divis Theon, metoche set ista saepe currentem indicat", + "en": "Apples of gold thou sendest, Theon, but verse of lead: who would think these species were of the same substance? Both have one name, but both have differences: to call your apples quinces, alter your quinsied verse.3 Farewell, Theon, whose name is from the blessed gods, but often as a participle it means one running.4" + }, + { + "id": 1103, + "la": "Qualis Picenae populator turdus olivae clunes opimat cereas vel qui lucentes rapuit de vitibus uvas, pendetque nexus retibus, quae vespertinis fluitant nebulosa sub horis vel mane tenta roscido:", + "en": "Even as the thrush who, ravaging the olives of Picenum,5 fattens his waxen haunches,6 or who has torn the gleaming clusters from the vines and now hangs entangled in the nets which in the evening hour float loose like clouds, or in the morn are taut with dew'" + }, + { + "id": 1104, + "la": "tales hibernis ad te de saepibus, ipsos capi volentes, misimus bis denos;", + "en": "such are the birds I send thee from our wintry hedges, themselves glad to be caught, twice ten in all;" + }, + { + "id": 1105, + "la": "tot enim crepero sub lucis eoae praeceps volatus intulit", + "en": "for so many in the twilight of early dawn flew headlong into the net." + }, + { + "id": 1106, + "la": "tum, quas vicinae suggessit praeda lacunae, anites maritas iunximus, remipedes, lato populantes caerula rostro et crure rubras Punico, iricolor vario pinxit quas pluma colore, collum columbis aemulas", + "en": "Thereto I add full-grown ducks which a raid on the neighbouring meres supplies, web-footed birds whose broad beaks ravage the blue waters, with legs of crimson-red and plumage rich as the rainbow dight with various colours, with necks that rival doves." + }, + { + "id": 1107, + "la": "Defrudata meae non sunt haec fercula mensae: vescente te fruimur magis Vale bene, ut valeam", + "en": "I have not cheated my own table to send these dainties: that thou shouldst eat them causes me more enjoyment. Fare thee well, that so I may fare well." + }, + { + "id": 1108, + "la": "Credideram nil posse meis adfectibus addi, quo, venerande pater, diligerere magis", + "en": "I had believed that nought could be added to the sum of my affection whereby, mine honoured father, my love might be increased." + }, + { + "id": 1109, + "la": "accessit (grates superis medioque nepoti, bina dedit nostris qui iuga nominibus) accessit titulus, tua quo reverentia crescat, quo doceam natum, quid sit amare patrem", + "en": "Added (thanks to the gods above and to thy grandson, their instrument, who has laid upon our names a two-fold yoke), added is a title whereby my reverence for thee is increased, whereby I may teach my son what tis to love a father." + }, + { + "id": 1110, + "la": "ipse nepos te fecit avum: mihi filius idem et tibi ego: hoc nato nos sumus ambo patres", + "en": "This grandson himself bath made thee a grandfather: to me he too is son, and to thee am I: his birth makes us both fathers." + }, + { + "id": 1111, + "la": "nec iam sola mihi pietas mea suadet amorem: nomine te gemini iam genitoris amo", + "en": "No longer doth natural affection alone inspire me with love for thee: as doubly a father I love thee now." + }, + { + "id": 1112, + "la": "quippe tibi aequatus videor, quia parvulus isto nomine honoratum me quoque nobilitat: non aetas quia nostra eadem:", + "en": "For I seem made thy peer, because a little boy ennobles me too with the distinction of that name; not because our age is the same," + }, + { + "id": 1113, + "la": "nam subparis aevi sum tibi ego et possum fratris habere vicem, nec tantum nostris spatium interponitur annis, quanta solent alios tempora dividere", + "en": "since I somewhat approach thee in age and can pass as thy brother, nor does so great a span divide our years as the seasons which part others." + }, + { + "id": 1114, + "la": "vidi ego natales fratrum distare tot annis, quot nostros: aevum nomina non onerant", + "en": "I have seen brothers whose birthdays were separated by as many years as ours: names add no weight to years." + }, + { + "id": 1115, + "la": "pulchra iuventa tibi senium sic iungit, ut aevum quod prius est maneat, quod modo ut incipiat", + "en": "Fair youth so blends with old age in thee, that thy earlier time of life lingers, while thy present but begins." + }, + { + "id": 1116, + "la": "et placuisse reor geminis aetatibus, ut se non festinato tempore utraque daret, leniter haec flueret, haec non properata veniret, maturam frugem flore manente ferens", + "en": "And, me-thinks, these two ages have agreed each to present itself without hurrying on their seasons, this gently gliding onwards, that approaching without haste, bringing ripe fruit while yet the flower remains." + }, + { + "id": 1117, + "la": "annos me nescire tuos, pater optime, testor totque putare tuos, quot reor esse meos", + "en": "I vow, my dearest father, that I know not thy years, and account thine as many as I deem my own." + }, + { + "id": 1118, + "la": "nesciat hos natus, numeret properantior heres, testamenta magis quam pia vota fovens exemploque docens pravo iuvenescere natos, ut nolint patres se quoque habere senes", + "en": "Let no son know these, let the too hasty heir reckon them up, his heart set more on inheritance than loving wishes, teaching his sons to grow up after such bad pattern as to hope they too have no long-lived father." + }, + { + "id": 1119, + "la": "verum ego primaevo genitus genitore fatebor subparis haec aevi tempora grata mihi", + "en": "But I, born when my sire was in his earliest youth, will avow that I delight that our times of life are so nearly matched." + }, + { + "id": 1120, + "la": "debeo quod natus, suadet pia cura nepotis addendum patri, quo veneremur avum", + "en": "What I owe as a son, my dear love for thy grandson moves me, his father, to increase, the more to honour thee as a grandsire." + }, + { + "id": 1121, + "la": "tu quoque, mi genitor, geminata vocabula gaude, nati primaevi nomine factus avus", + "en": "Thou too, my sire, rejoice in thy doubled title now that thy son in early youth hath made thee grandfather." + }, + { + "id": 1122, + "la": "exiguum, quod avus: faveant pia numina divum deque nepote suo fiat avus proavus", + "en": "A small thing tis to be a grandfather: may the kind powers be propitious, and by his own grandson may the grandfather be made great-grandfather." + }, + { + "id": 1123, + "la": "largius et poterunt producere fata senectam: set rata vota reor, quae moderata, magis", + "en": "Even further the Fates will have power to prolong thine age: but those prayers, methinks, are rather answered which are moderate." + }, + { + "id": 1124, + "la": "Pater ad Filium cum temporibus tyrannicis ipse Treveris remansisset et Filius ad Patriam profectus esset", + "en": "The Father to his Son,1 when in the days of usurpation2 he himself remained at Trves and his Son set out for his native place." + }, + { + "id": 1125, + "la": "Hoc incohatum neque inpletum sic de Liturariis scriptum Debeo et hanc nostris, fili dulcissime, curis historiam: quan quam titulo non digna sereno anxia maestarum fuerit querimonia rerum", + "en": "This Poem, begun but never finished, has been copied as it stands from the rough draft3 This narrative also I owe to my cares for thee, my dearest son; although this troubled plaint for my gloomy fortunes scarce deserves so mild a term." + }, + { + "id": 1126, + "la": "Iam super egelidae stagnantia terga Mosellae protulerat te, nate, ratis maestique parentis oscula et amplexus discreverat invidus amnis", + "en": "Already oer the sluggish surface of chill Moselle the bark had borne thee forward, O my son, and from the kisses and embraces of thy weeping sire the envious stream had parted thee." + }, + { + "id": 1127, + "la": "solus ego et quamvis coetu celebratus amico solus eram profugaeque dabam pia vota carinae solus adhuc te, nate, videns;", + "en": "Alone! though compassed with a throng of friends, I was alone and offered yearning prayers for that fleeting craft; alone, though still I saw you, my child," + }, + { + "id": 1128, + "la": "celerisque remulci culpabam properos adverso flumine cursus quis fuit ille dies?", + "en": "and grudged the hasty speed of the swift oarage plying against the stream. What day was that?" + }, + { + "id": 1129, + "la": "non annus longior ille est, Attica quem docti collegit cura Metonis", + "en": "No longer is that year which Attic Meton4 worked out with such patient skill." + }, + { + "id": 1130, + "la": "desertus vacuis solisque exerceor oris", + "en": "Forlorn I pace the empty, lonely shores." + }, + { + "id": 1131, + "la": "nunc ego pubentes salicum deverbero frondes, gramineos nunc frango toros viridesque per ulvas lubrica substratis vestigia libro lapillis", + "en": "Now I strike down the sprouting willow-shoots, now I crush beds of turf and oer green sedge I poise my slippery footsteps on the pebbles strewn beneath." + }, + { + "id": 1132, + "la": "sic lux prima abiit, sic altera meta diei, sic geminas alterna rotat vertigo tenebras, sic alias: totusque mihi sic annus abibit, restituant donec tua me tibi fata parentem", + "en": "So the first day passed away, so the second reached its bourne, so the two nights which wheeled revolving after each, so others: and the whole year for me will so pass by until thy destiny gives back me, thy sire, to thee." + }, + { + "id": 1133, + "la": "hac ego condicione licet vel morte paciscar, dum decores suprema patris tu, nate, superstes", + "en": "With this condition I may bargain even for death, that thou, my son, payest thy father the last tributes, surviving him." + }, + { + "id": 1134, + "la": "Carmina prima tibi cum iam puerilibus annis traderet adsidui permulcens cura magistri inbueretque novas aures sensusque sequaces, ut respondendas docili quoque murmure voces emendata rudi perferret lingua palato, addidimus nil triste senes, ne cura monendi laederet aut dulces gustus vitiaret amaris", + "en": "While thy persistent master with coaxing pains was committing to thee, still of boyish years, thy earliest poems,1 and was training thy prentice ear and the faculties it guides, so that thy tongue, corrected of the unskilled palates faults, might produce the words to be repeated with an obedient murmur,2 I, an old man, added naught severe lest anxious admonition might gall, or mar the sweet first-taste with bitterness." + }, + { + "id": 1135, + "la": "at modo, cum motu vigeas iam puberis aevi fortiaque a teneris possis secernere et ipse admonitor morumque tibi fandique videri, accipe non praecepta equidem, set vota precantis et gratantis avi festum ad sollemne nepotis", + "en": "But now, when thou dost feel the stir and pulse of youth, and canst distinguish between the manly and the feeble and show thyself thine own councillor in behaviour as in speech, accept, not indeed precepts, but prayers of thy grandfather who entreats while rejoicing at the high festival of his grandsons birthday." + }, + { + "id": 1136, + "la": "adnuit, ut reducem fatorum ab fine senectam sospes agam festumque diem dubitataque cernam sidera, deposito prope conclamatus in aevo", + "en": "(I thank Heaven which) has consented that, recovered, I may spend my old age brought back from the Fates borderland,3 and behold this happy day and the stars I scarce hoped to see, I who was well-nigh mourned as one dead." + }, + { + "id": 1137, + "la": "hoc, mellite nepos, duplicato faenore partum natali accedente tuo, munusque salutis plenius hoc nostrae, quod iam tibi puberis aevi crescit honos iuvenemque senex iam cerno nepotem", + "en": "This, my sweet grandson, is a gift doubly profitable, in that thy birthday now occurs, and the prize of my own safety is by this the richer that the glory of thy ripening age now waxes, and that I, now old, behold my grandson attain to youth." + }, + { + "id": 1138, + "la": "Sexta tibi haec primo remeat trieteris ab anno, Septembres notis referens natalibus idus", + "en": "Now comes round for thee the sixth period of three years since thou wert born, bringing back the Ides of September." + }, + { + "id": 1139, + "la": "Idus alma dies, geniis quoque culta deorum", + "en": "The Ides is an auspicious day, observed too by the genii of gods." + }, + { + "id": 1140, + "la": "Sextiles Hecate Latonia vindicat idus, Mercurius Maias, superorum adiunctus honori", + "en": "In Sextilis Hecate, Letos daughter, claims the Ides; in May, Mercury, who was raised to the ranks of the gods." + }, + { + "id": 1141, + "la": "Octobres olim genitus Maro dedicat idus: Idus saepe colas bis senis mensibus omnes, Ausonii quicumque mei celebraveris idus Vale nepos dulcissime", + "en": "Octobers Ides are hallowed by the birth of Maro long ago. Oft mayest thou observe each Ides of all the twice six months, whoso shalt celebrate the Ides of my Ausonius.1 Farewell my sweetest grandson." + }, + { + "id": 1142, + "la": "Filio Libellum, quem ad nepotulum meum, sororis tuae filium, instar protreptici luseram, venturus ipse praemisi legendum", + "en": "Being about to come myself, I send on ahead a booklet which I have amused myself by writing in the form of an exhortation to my little grandson, your sisters son." + }, + { + "id": 1143, + "la": "hoc enim malui quam ipse recitare, esset ut tibi censura liberior, quae duabus causis impediri solet:", + "en": "For this I prefer to reciting it myself, in order that you may feel less restraint in your criticism'a faculty which is usually hampered by two circumstances:" + }, + { + "id": 1144, + "la": "quod aures nostras audita velocius quam lecta praetereunt et quod sinceritas iudicandi praesentia recitantis oneratur", + "en": "first that what is heard passes over our ears more quickly than what is read; and second the presence of the reciter handicaps the frankness of the critic." + }, + { + "id": 1145, + "la": "nunc tibi utrumque integrum est, quia et legenti libera mora est et iudicaturo non obstat nostri verecundia", + "en": "As it is, you have nothing to fear on either score, because both as you read you are free to linger, and as you come to criticize your feelings for me do not stand in your way." + }, + { + "id": 1146, + "la": "Set heus tu, fili dulcissime, habeo quod admoneam", + "en": "But look you, my dearest son, I have a caution to add." + }, + { + "id": 1147, + "la": "si qua tibi in his versiculis videbuntur (nam vereor, ut multa sint) fucatius concinnata quam verius et plus coloris quam suci habere, ipse sciens fluere permisi, venustula ut essent magis, quam forticula, instar virginum, quas matres student demissis umeris esse, vincto pectore, ut graciles sient nosti cetera", + "en": "If any passages in these verses shall appear to you (and I fear that there are many such) to be composed with more brilliance than truth, and have more colour than vigour, know that I deliberately allow them to run on smoothly, so that these little bits may be attractive rather than forceful, like those marriageable daughters' whom their mothers seek to make Low-shouldered and tight-laced, to seem more trim1 'you know the rest." + }, + { + "id": 1148, + "la": "Superest igitur, ut dicas: quid moraris iudicationem meam de eo, quod ipse pronuntias esse mendosum?", + "en": "It only remains, then, for you to say: Why do you wait for my criticism on what you yourself proclaim to be a faulty piece of work?" + }, + { + "id": 1149, + "la": "dicam scilicet me huiusmodi versibus foris erubescere, set intra nos minus verecundari;", + "en": "My answer, of course, will be that I blush for verses of this sort in public, but am less ashamed of them when between you and me;" + }, + { + "id": 1150, + "la": "namque ego haec annis illius magis quam meis scripsi aut fortasse et meis:", + "en": "for I write them to suit his years rather than my own'or perhaps to suit mine also: old men are twice children!" + }, + { + "id": 1151, + "la": "ad summam valeat austeritas tua: mihi cum infante [ratio est] Vale, fili dulcissime", + "en": "In short, goodbye to your strictures: I have to do with a child. Farewell, my darling son." + }, + { + "id": 1152, + "la": "Sunt etiam musis sua ludicra: mixta camenis otia sunt, mellite nepos;", + "en": "The Muses also have their own sports: hours of ease find place among the Camenae, my honey-sweet grandson;" + }, + { + "id": 1153, + "la": "nec semper acerbi exercet pueros vox imperiosa magistri, set requie studiique vices rata tempora servant", + "en": "nor does the sour schoolmasters domineering voice always harass boys, but spells of rest and study keep each their appointed times." + }, + { + "id": 1154, + "la": "et satis est puero memori legisse libenter, et cessare licet", + "en": "As for an attentive boy to have read his lessons willingly is enough, so to rest is lawful." + }, + { + "id": 1155, + "la": "Graio schola nomine dicta est, iusta laboriferis tribuantur ut otia musis", + "en": "School has been called by that Greek name, that the laborious Muses may be allowed due share of leisure." + }, + { + "id": 1156, + "la": "quo magis alternum certus succedere ludum disce libens: longum delinitura laborem intervalla damus", + "en": "Wherefore the more, assured that play follows work in turn, learn willingly: to beguile the weariness of long toil we grant spells of leisure." + }, + { + "id": 1157, + "la": "studium puerile fatiscit, laeta nisi austeris varientur, festa profestis", + "en": "Boyish zeal flags unless serious work is interspersed with merriment, and workaday with holiday." + }, + { + "id": 1158, + "la": "disce libens, tetrici nec praeceptoris habenas detestere, nepos", + "en": "Learn readily, and loathe not, my grandson, the control of your grim teacher." + }, + { + "id": 1159, + "la": "numquam horrida forma magistri", + "en": "A masters looks need never cause a shudder." + }, + { + "id": 1160, + "la": "ille licet tristis senio nec voce serenus aspera contractae minitetur iurgia frontis, numquam inmanis erit, placida suetudine vultus qui semel inbuerit", + "en": "Though he be grim with age and, ungentle of voice, threaten harsh outbursts with frowning brows, never will he seem savage to one who has tutored his face to habitual calm." + }, + { + "id": 1161, + "la": "rugas nutricis amabit, qui refugit matrem", + "en": "A child will love its nurses wrinkles, who shrinks from its mother;" + }, + { + "id": 1162, + "la": "pappos aviasque trementes anteferunt patribus seri, nova cura, nepotes", + "en": "grandchildren when they come at last, a new anxiety, prefer doddering grandsires and granddams to their parents." + }, + { + "id": 1163, + "la": "sic neque Peliaden terrebat Chiron Achillem Thessalico permixtus equo nec pinifer Atlans Amphitryoniadem puerum, set blandus uterque mitibus adloquiis teneros mulcebat alumnos", + "en": "So Thessalian Chiron did not affright Achilles, Peleus son, though he was quite half a horse, nor pine-bearing Atlas scare Amphitryos youthful son, but both coaxingly used to soothe their young pupils with gentle words." + }, + { + "id": 1164, + "la": "tu quoque ne metuas, quamvis schola verbere multo increpet et truculenta senex gerat ora magister: degeneres animos timor arguit", + "en": "You also be not afraid, though the school resound with many a stroke and the old master wear a lowering face: fear proves a spirit degenerate." + }, + { + "id": 1165, + "la": "at tibi consta intrepidus, nec te clamor plagaeque sonantes, nec matutinis agitet formido sub horis", + "en": "But to yourself be true, mocking at fear, and let no outcry, nor sound of stripes, nor dread, make you quake as the morning hours come on." + }, + { + "id": 1166, + "la": "quod sceptrum vibrat ferulae, quod multa supellex virgea, quod fallax scuticam praetexit aluta, quod fervent trepido subsellia vestra tumultu, pompa loci et vani fucatur scaena timoris", + "en": "That he brandishes the cane for sceptre, that he has a full outfit of birches, that he has a tawse artfully hidden in innocent washleather, that scared confusion sets your benches abuzz, is but the outward show of the place and painted scenery to cause idle fears." + }, + { + "id": 1167, + "la": "haec olim genitorque tuus genetrixque secuti securam placido mihi permulsere senectam", + "en": "Your father and mother went through all this in their day, and have lived to soothe my peaceful and serene old age." + }, + { + "id": 1168, + "la": "tu senium, quodcumque superlabentibus annis fata dabunt, qui nomen avi geris, indole prima, prime nepos, vel re vel spe mihi porge fruendum", + "en": "To that old age, for whatever space the Fates shall grant in the still coming years, do you, who bear your grandfathers name, my first-born grandson, with your first-born powers, afford the joy that springs from achievement or from promise." + }, + { + "id": 1169, + "la": "nunc ego te puerum, mox in iuvenalibus annis iamque virum cernam, si fors ita iusserit;", + "en": "Now I see you a boy, soon shall I see you in years of youth, and by and by a man, if Chance so bid;" + }, + { + "id": 1170, + "la": "aut si invidia est, sperabo tamen, nec vota fatiscent, ut patris utque mei non inmemor ardua semper praemia musarum cupias facundus et olim hac grad are via, qua nos praecessimus et cui proconsul genitor, praefectus avunculus instant", + "en": "or if this be grudged, yet will I hope'nor shall my prayers grow weary'that, not unmindful of your father and myself, you may ever strive to win through eloquence the hard-won prizes of the Muses, and some day tread this path wherein I have gone before and your father, the proconsul, and your uncle the prefect1 now press on." + }, + { + "id": 1171, + "la": "Perlege, quodcumque est memorabile prima monebo", + "en": "Read thoroughly whatever is worth remembering: I will give you some first hints." + }, + { + "id": 1172, + "la": "conditor Iliados et amabilis orsa Menandri evolvenda tibi: tu flexu et acumine vocis innumeros numeros doctis accentibus effer adfectusque inpone legens", + "en": "You must open the pages of the Iliads creator, study the works of lovable Menander: with modulation and with stress of voice bring out measureless measures2 with a scholars accent, and infuse expression as you read." + }, + { + "id": 1173, + "la": "distinctio sensum auget et ignavis dant intervalla vigorem", + "en": "Punctuation enforces the meaning, and pauses give strength even to dull passages." + }, + { + "id": 1174, + "la": "Ecquando ista meae contingent dona senectae?", + "en": "Ah, when shall these gifts reward mine old age?" + }, + { + "id": 1175, + "la": "quando oblita mihi tot carmina totque per aevum conexa historiae, soccos aulaeaque regum et melicos lyricosque modos profando novabis obductosque seni facies puerascere sensus?", + "en": "When shall those many poems by me forgot, those many links in the chain of history through the ages, those comedies, royal tragedies, and strains melic and lyric4 by thine5 utterance be recalled? When wilt thou make an old mans clouded faculties grow youthful?" + }, + { + "id": 1176, + "la": "te praeeunte, nepos, modulata poemata Flacci altisonumque iterum fas est didicisse Maronem", + "en": "With thee for guide, my grandson, once more may I dare to learn Flaccus rhythmic strains and Maros sonorous lines." + }, + { + "id": 1177, + "la": "tu quoque, qui Latium lecto sermone, Terenti, comis et adstricto percurris pulpita socco, Scena est deserta", + "en": "Do thou, too, Terence, who with thy choice speech6 adornest Latium, and with well-fitting sock7 trippest oer our stage," + }, + { + "id": 1178, + "la": "ad nova vix memorem diverbia coge senectam", + "en": "compel my scarce-remembering age to new delight in thy dialogues." + }, + { + "id": 1179, + "la": "iam facinus, Catilina, tuum Lepidique tumultum, ab Lepido et Catulo iam res et tempora Romae orsus bis senos seriem conecto per annos", + "en": "Now, Catiline, thy monstrous plot, now Lepidus sedition, now from the year of Lepidus and Catulus1 the fortunes and vicissitudes of Rome do I commence and trace their sequence through twice six years." + }, + { + "id": 1180, + "la": "iam lego civili mixtum mavorte duellum, movit quod socio Sertorius exul Hibero", + "en": "Now read I of that war, not free from civil strife,2 which banished Sertorius stirred up with the aid of his Iberian allies." + }, + { + "id": 1181, + "la": "Nec rudis haec avus admoneo, set mille docendo ingenia expertus", + "en": "And not without skill do I, thy grandfather, counsel thee thus, but from the experience gained in training a thousand minds." + }, + { + "id": 1182, + "la": "multos lactantibus annis ipse alui gremioque fovens et murmura solvens eripui tenerum blandis nutricibus aevum", + "en": "Many from their infant years have I myself brought up, and, cherishing them in my bosom and hushing their complaints, have stolen their tender years from their fond nurses." + }, + { + "id": 1183, + "la": "mox pueros molli monitu et formidine leni pellexi, ut mites peterent per acerba profectus, carpturi dulcem fructum radicis amarae", + "en": "Presently, as boys, with mild warnings and gentle threats I lured them to seek through sourness for ripe success and pluck sweet fruit sprung from a bitter root." + }, + { + "id": 1184, + "la": "idem vesticipes motu iam puberis aevi ad mores artesque bonas fandique vigorem produxi, quamquam imperium cervice negarent ferre nec insertis praeberent ora lupatis", + "en": "I, too, when they assumed manhoods garb and reached their vigorous prime, led them on towards good living and sound learning and forceful speaking, even though they refused to bear the yoke of command upon their necks and submitted not their mouths to the jagged bits thrust upon them." + }, + { + "id": 1185, + "la": "ardua temperies, dura experientia, rarus eventus, longo rerum spectatus ab usu, ut regat indocilem mitis censura iuventam", + "en": "Hard the control, rough the experience, scanty the result when viewed after long practice, to govern headstrong youth with mild correction!" + }, + { + "id": 1186, + "la": "quae tolerata mihi, donec iam aerumna iuvaret leniretque usu bona consuetudo laborem, donec ad Augustae pia munera disciplinae accirer varioque accingerer auctus honore, aurea cum parere mihi palatia iussum", + "en": "These toils did I endure until'when now my pains were becoming pleasant and kindly Custom was lightening my toil through use'until, invoked to the sacred task of an Emperors instruction, I am exalted and compassed about with honours manifold, what time the golden Palace was bidden to obey me." + }, + { + "id": 1187, + "la": "absistat Nemesis, ferat et fortuna iocantem:", + "en": "Let Nemesis hold aloof, and may Fortune bear with my light speaking:" + }, + { + "id": 1188, + "la": "praesedi imperio, dum praetextatus in ostro et sceptro et solio praefert sibi iura magistri maioresque putat nostros Augustus honores", + "en": "I held sway oer the Empire, while a schoolboy1 endowed with purple, sceptre, throne, submitted himself to a tutors laws, and Augustus held my dignity above his own" + }, + { + "id": 1189, + "la": "quos mox sublimi maturus protulit auctu, quaestor ut Augustis, patri natoque, crearer, ut praefecturam duplicem sellamque curulem, ut trabeam pictamque togam, mea praemia, consul induerem fastisque meis praelatus haberer", + "en": "That dignity in due time, when grown to manhood, he advanced to dizzy heights, so that I was created Quaestor by the Augusti, father and son; so that a two-fold prefecture2 and curule chair were mine; so that, for my reward, as consul was I invested with the purple robe and the embroidered toga, and was held pre-eminent in the annals of my year." + }, + { + "id": 1190, + "la": "His ego quaesivi meritum quam grande nepoti consul avus lumenque tuae praeluceo vitae", + "en": "Thus have I gained all possible advantage for my grandchild, thy consul-grandfather, and shine forth the beacon of thy life." + }, + { + "id": 1191, + "la": "quamvis et patrio iamdudum nomine clarus, posses ornatus, posses oneratus haberi; accessit tamen ex nobis honor inclitus", + "en": "Even though, long since distinguished even through thy fathers fame, thou mightst seem graced, mightst seem laden; yet from me thou hast gained signal renown besides." + }, + { + "id": 1192, + "la": "hunc tu effice, ne sit onus, per te ut conixus in altum conscendas speresque tuos te consule fasces", + "en": "This render thou no load, but by thine own efforts struggle to climb on high and hope for thine own insignia, thine own consulate." + }, + { + "id": 1193, + "la": "Condiderat iam Solis equos Tartesia Calpe stridebatque freto Titan iam segnis Hibero:", + "en": "Now had Tartesian Calpe hidden the Suns coursers and Titan, now feeble, plunged hissing6 neath the Iberian wave;" + }, + { + "id": 1194, + "la": "iam succedentes quatiebat Luna iuvencas, vinceret ut tenebras radiis velut aemula fratris;", + "en": "now was Luna lashing on her advancing heifers to vanquish darkness with her beams as though vying with her brother;" + }, + { + "id": 1195, + "la": "iam volucres hominumque genus superabile curis mulcebant placidi tranquilla oblivia somni;", + "en": "now birds and human kind, so vulnerable by care, were wooing peaceful sleep and calm forgetfulness;" + }, + { + "id": 1196, + "la": "transierant Idus, medius suprema December tempora venturo properabat iungere Iano;", + "en": "the Ides were passed, and mid-December was hastening to link his last days with approaching Janus;" + }, + { + "id": 1197, + "la": "et nonas decimas ab se Nox longa Kalendas iugiter acciri celebranda ad festa iubebat", + "en": "and long Night was bidding the nineteenth day of the Calends1 be summoned forthwith to celebrate the feast." + }, + { + "id": 1198, + "la": "Nescis, puto, quid velim tot versibus dicere medius fidius neque ego bene intellego: tamen suspicor", + "en": "You do not know, I expect, what I wish to say in all these verses. So help me Heaven! even I do not clearly understand: yet I have a glimmering." + }, + { + "id": 1199, + "la": "iam prima nox erat ante diem nonum decimum kal Ian., cum redditae sunt mihi litterae tuae oppido quam litteratae", + "en": "It was early in the night preceding the nineteenth day of the Calends of January2 when your wonderfully lettered letter was delivered me." + }, + { + "id": 1200, + "la": "his longe iucundissimum poema subdideras, quod de tribus Suetonii libris, quos ille de regibus dedit, in epitomen coegisti tanta elegantia, solus ut mihi videare adsecutus, quod contra rerum naturam est, brevitas ut obscura non esset", + "en": "Together with this you sent an extremely delightful poem wherein you have condensed the three books of Suetonius, which he devotes to the Kings,3 so gracefully that I regard you as having alone achieved what is contrary to the ordinary course of things' conciseness without obscurity." + }, + { + "id": 1201, + "la": "in his versibus ego ista collegi:", + "en": "Amongst these verses I have picked out the following:'" + }, + { + "id": 1202, + "la": "Europamque Asiamque duo vel maxima terrae membra, quibus Libyam dubie Sallustius addit Europae adiunctam, possit cum tertia dici, regnatas multis, quos fama oblitterat et quos barbara Romanae non tradunt nomina linguae'", + "en": "Europe and Asia, Earths two greatest members, whereto uncertainly Sallust adds Libya as appanage of Europe, whereas it might be called a third part of the globe, have been ruled by many kings whom Fame blots from her page, and whom their uncouth names perpetuate not in Roman speech'" + }, + { + "id": 1203, + "la": "Illibanum Numidamque Avelim Parthumque Vononem et Caranum, Pellaea dedit qui nomina regum, quique magos docuit mysteria vana Nechepsos et qui regnavit sine nomine moxque Sesostris", + "en": "Illibanus, Numidian Avelis, Vonones the Parthian, Caranus who founded the dynasty of Pella,4 and he who taught the wizards unavailing mysteries, Nechepsos, or reigned and left no name, and afterwards Sesostris" + }, + { + "id": 1204, + "la": "Haec tu quam perite et concinne, quam modulate et dulciter, ita iuxta naturam Romanorum accentuum enuntiasti, ut tamen veris et primigenis vocibus sua fastiga non perirent iam quid de eloquentia dicam?", + "en": "How skilfully and neatly, how harmoniously and sweetly have you delivered these names, conforming at once to the character of our Roman accent, yet not allowing the true and original sounds to lose their proper stress! And then what shall I say of your gift for expression?" + }, + { + "id": 1205, + "la": "liquido adiurare possum nullum tibi ad poeticam facundiam Romanae iuventutis aequari: certe ita mihi videri", + "en": "I can absolutely take my oath that for fluency in verse none of our Roman youths is your equal: at any rate, that is my opinion." + }, + { + "id": 1206, + "la": "si erro, pater sum, fer me et noli exigere iudicium obstante pietate", + "en": "If I am wrong, I am your father, bear with me and do not force from me a verdict which my natural feelings reject." + }, + { + "id": 1207, + "la": "verum ego cum pie diligam, sincere et severe iudico", + "en": "But in fact, while I love fondly, I criticise frankly and strictly." + }, + { + "id": 1208, + "la": "adfice me, oro, tali numere frequenter, quo et oblector et honoror", + "en": "Bestow on me, I beg, such favours constantly, thereby both delighting and complimenting me." + }, + { + "id": 1209, + "la": "accessit tibi ad artem poeticam mellea adulatio", + "en": "Your skill in poetry has the additional attraction of delicious flattery." + }, + { + "id": 1210, + "la": "quid enim aliud agunt: Audax Icario qui fecit nomina ponto et qui Chalcidicas moderate enavit ad arces, nisi ut tu vegetam et sublimem alacritatem tuam temeritatem voces, me vero, et consultum et quem filius debeat imitari, salutari prudentia praeditum dicas?", + "en": "For what else do these lines mean?' He who through rashness gave his name to the Icarian Sea And he who, prudent, winged his way to the Chalcidian hold,1 save that you call your own lively and soaring vigour rashness, but affirm that I, being both wary and one whom a son ought to imitate, am endowed with a wholesome cautiousness?" + }, + { + "id": 1211, + "la": "quod equidem contra est", + "en": "But indeed the reverse is true." + }, + { + "id": 1212, + "la": "nam tu summa sic adpetis, ut non decidas: senectus mea satis habet, si consistat", + "en": "For you fly high in such wise that you do not fall: my old age is content to stay still." + }, + { + "id": 1213, + "la": "Hacc ad te breviter et illico vesperis illius secuto mane dictavi; ita enim tabellarius tuus, ut epistulam referret, instabat", + "en": "I make this brief pronouncement out of hand on the morning next after the evening mentioned: for your messenger is only waiting long enough to take back a reply." + }, + { + "id": 1214, + "la": "nam si mihi otium fuerit, oblectabile negotium erit ad te prolixius delirare, te ut eliciam, mihi ut satisfaciam vale", + "en": "For if I have spare time, it will be a delightful occupation to maunder on at greater length to you, partly to draw you out, and partly to please myself. Farewell." + }, + { + "id": 1215, + "la": "metrum sic suasit, ut esses tu prior et nomen praegrederere meum, quamquam et fastorum titulo prior et tua Romae praecessit nostrum sella curulis ebur, et, quae iamdudum tibi palma poetica pollet, lemnisco ornata est, quo mea palma caret", + "en": "Metre so bids, placing you before me and setting your name in front of mine. And yet before mine comes your name in our annals, and at Rome your curule chair of ivory has precedence of mine, and in poetry your palm is long since decked with ribbons1 which my palm lacks." + }, + { + "id": 1216, + "la": "longaevae tantum superamus honore senectae", + "en": "Tis in the glory of prolonged old age alone I have the advantage'" + }, + { + "id": 1217, + "la": "quid refert? cornix non ideo ante cycnum;", + "en": "what matters that? The crow is not therein above the swan," + }, + { + "id": 1218, + "la": "nec quia mille annos vivit Gangeticus ales, vincit centum oculos, regie pavo, tuos", + "en": "nor, because he lives a thousand years, does the bird of Ganges2 surpass the kingly peacock with his hundred eyes." + }, + { + "id": 1219, + "la": "cedimus ingenio, quantum praecedimus aevo; adsurgit Musae nostra Camena tuae", + "en": "I am beneath you in genius as far as I am above you in age; my homely Muse rises in deference to yours." + }, + { + "id": 1220, + "la": "Vive, vale et totidem venturos consere ianos, quot tuus aut noster conseruere patres", + "en": "Live, keep well, and in the time to come link New Year to New Year as oft as did your father or mine." + }, + { + "id": 1221, + "la": "Quanto me adfecit beneficio non delata equidem, sed suscepta mea querimonia, Pauline fili! veritus displicuisse oleum, quod miseras, munus iterasti, addito etiam Barcinonensis muriae condimento cumulatius praestitisti", + "en": "What kind treatment of me, that my complaint is dealt with without even being delivered, my son Paulinus! Fearing that the oil you sent had not given satisfaction, you repeat the gift and, by the addition of some Barcelona sauce called muria,3 increase its measure." + }, + { + "id": 1222, + "la": "scis autem me id nomen muriae, quod in usu vulgi est, nec solere nec posse dicere, cum scientissimi veterum et Graeca vocabula fastidientes Latinum in gari appellatione non habeant", + "en": "But you know that I am neither accustomed nor able to pronounce that name muria which is popularly used, though the most learned of the ancients, even while disdaining to use Greek terms, have no Latin name by which to call garum." + }, + { + "id": 1223, + "la": "sed ego, quocumque nomine liquor iste sociorum vocatur, Iam patinas implebo meas, ut parcior illemaiorum mensis applaria sucus inundet", + "en": "But by whatever name that Liquor of the Allies2 is called, Ill flood my plate: this juice, too little usedBy our forefathers, must overflow the spoon." + }, + { + "id": 1224, + "la": "Quid autem tam amabile tamque hospitale, quam quod tu, ut me participes, delicias tuas in ipsa primitiarum novitate defrudas?", + "en": "But what could be more friendly or more generous than that you, to give me a share, should cheat yourself of your own dainties just when freshly coming into season?" + }, + { + "id": 1225, + "la": "o melle dulcior, o Gratiarum venustate festivior, o ab omnibus patrio stringende complexu!", + "en": "O friend sweeter than honey, O more delightsome than the Graces charms, O worthy to be clasped by everyone in a fatherly embrace!" + }, + { + "id": 1226, + "la": "sed haec atque alia huius modi documenta liberalis animi aliquis fortasse et aliquando, quamvis rarus:", + "en": "However, these and other tokens of a generous nature some other, perchance, some day, though but rarely, may reveal:" + }, + { + "id": 1227, + "la": "illud de epistularum tuarum eruditione, de poematis iucunditate, de inventione et concinnatione iuro omnia nulli umquam imitabile futurum, etsi fateatur imitandum", + "en": "as for your talent shown in the scholarliness of your letter, in the sweetness of your poem, in imagination and in apt composition, I swear by everything that it will never be imitable by any man, however much he admit that it deserves imitation." + }, + { + "id": 1228, + "la": "de quo opusculo, ut iubes, faciam", + "en": "As for the work itself, I will do as you bid." + }, + { + "id": 1229, + "la": "exquisitim universa limabo et quamvis per te manus summa contigerit, caelum superfluae expolitionis adhibebo, magis ut tibi paream, quam ut perfectis aliquid adiciam", + "en": "I will work over the whole minutely, and although it has received the highest finish at your hands, I will apply my chisel to give a superfinish however needless, but rather to obey you than to add aught to what is perfect." + }, + { + "id": 1230, + "la": "Interea tamen, ne sine corollario poetico tabellarius tuus rediret, paucis iambicis praeludendum putavi, dum illud, quod a me heroico metro desideras, incohatur", + "en": "Meanwhile, however, that your messenger may not return without a douceur of verse, I think I must make a preliminary gambol in a few iambics while the work in heroic strains which you want of me is beginning." + }, + { + "id": 1231, + "la": "isti tamen, ita te et Hesperium salvos habeam, quod spatio lucubratiunculae unius effusi, quamquam hoc ipsi de se probabunt, tamen nihil diligentiae ulterioris habuerunt vale", + "en": "But'so may I have you and Hesperius safe!'since they are dashed off in a single evening (though this they in themselves will guarantee), have had no further pains bestowed upon them. Farewell." + }, + { + "id": 1232, + "la": "Iambe Parthis et Cydonum spiculis, iambe pinnis alitum velocior, Padi ruentis impetu torrentior, magna sonorae grandinis vi densior, flammis corusci fulminis vibratior, iam nunc per auras Persei talaribus petasoque ditis Arcados vectus vola", + "en": "Iambus than Parthian or Cydonian dart, Iambus than wings of birds more fleet, than rushing Padus current more impetuous, than the downpour of rattling hail more searching, than lightnings dazzling flash more darting, even now speed through the air borne by Perseus winged sandals and with the cap of the Arcadian god." + }, + { + "id": 1233, + "la": "si vera fama est Hippocrene, quam pedis pulsu citatam cornipes fudit fremens, tu, fonte in ipso procreatus Pegasi, primus novorum metra iunxisti pedum sanctisque Musis concinentibus novem caedem in draconis concitasti Delium", + "en": "If tis truly told that Hippocrene gushed forth at the hoof-beat of the impatient courser, thou, begotten in the very fount of Pegasus, wast first to link new rhythmic feet and, while the nine holy Muses sang in harmony, didst urge the lord of Delos to slaughter of the dragon." + }, + { + "id": 1234, + "la": "Fer hanc salutem praepes et volucripes Paulini ad usque moenia, Hebromagum loquor, et protinus, iam si resumptis viribus alacri refecti corporis motu viget, salvere iussum mox reposce mutuum", + "en": "Bear this my greeting, fleetfoot, winged-foot, even to the town where Paulinus dwells, I mean Hebromagus, and straightaway, if, his strength now regained, brisk vigour nerves his refreshed frame, bid him hail, then demand of him a return." + }, + { + "id": 1235, + "la": "nihil moreris iamque, dum loquor, redi, imitatus illum stirpis auctorem tuae, triplici furentem qui Chimaeram incendio supervolavit tutus igne proximo", + "en": "Tarry not at all, and return now ere I cease to speak, after the example of that author of thy source,3 who oer Chimaera with her triple blast of raging flame flew safe from the fire so near." + }, + { + "id": 1236, + "la": "dic te valere, dic: salvere te iubet amicus et vicinus et fautor tuus, honoris auctor, altor ingenii tui.", + "en": "Say hail to thee, say greetings to thee sends thy friend and neighbour and thy patron, the source of thine honours,1 the fosterer of thy intellect." + }, + { + "id": 1237, + "la": "dic et magister, die parens, dic omnia blanda atque sancta caritatis nomina", + "en": "Say also master, say father, say every caressing name of hallowed affection." + }, + { + "id": 1238, + "la": "haveque dicto dic vale, actutum et redi", + "en": "And having said Hail, say Farewell and instantly return." + }, + { + "id": 1239, + "la": "Quod si rogabit, quid super scriptis novis maturus aevi nec rudis diiudicem:", + "en": "But if he ask what judgment my ripe and not unskilful age pronounces on his latest writings," + }, + { + "id": 1240, + "la": "nescire dices, sed paratum iam fore heroicorum versuum plenum essedum", + "en": "say thou knowest not, but that soon there will be ready a waggon full of heroic verses." + }, + { + "id": 1241, + "la": "cui subiugabo de molarum ambagibus, qui machinali saxa volvunt pondere, tripedes caballos terga ruptos verbere, his ut vehantur tres sodales nuntii", + "en": "Thereto I will yoke a pair of three-legged screws, back-broken with the lash, taken from the labyrinths of the mill, where by the heavy crank they turn the millstones, that by these may travel three jovial messengers." + }, + { + "id": 1242, + "la": "fors et rogabit, quos sodales dixeris simul venire?", + "en": "Perchance, too, he will ask who are these jovial fellows whom thou dost say are coming in a troop?" + }, + { + "id": 1243, + "la": "dic: Trinodem dactylum vidi paratum crucianti cantherio: spondeus illi lentipes ibat comes, paribus moratur qui locis cursum meum, mihique similis, semper adversus tamen, nec par, nec impar, qui trochaeus dicitur.", + "en": "Then say: I saw three-jointed Dactyl ready on a heartbreaking hack;2 slow-footed Spondee was tramping in his company'he who at equal intervals checks my career'and one much like me but always facing about, neither equal to me nor unequal, who is called Trochee." + }, + { + "id": 1244, + "la": "Haec fare cursim nec moratus pervola, aliquid reportans interim munusculi de largitate musici promptarii", + "en": "Thus speak: then in haste fly hither straight without delay, bringing back meanwhile some little gift from the abundance of that storehouse of poetry." + }, + { + "id": 1245, + "la": "Multas et frequentes mihi gratiae tuae causas et occasio subinde nata concinnat et naturae tuae facilitas benigna conciliat, Pauline fili", + "en": "Many and various are the causes I have for gratitude to you, which both circumstance, arising from time to time, happily introduces, and the ready generosity of your nature voluntarily invites, my son Paulinus." + }, + { + "id": 1246, + "la": "nam quia nihil poscente me abnuis, magis acuis procaciam quam retundis:", + "en": "For in that you deny me nothing when I demand, you whet my effrontery rather than blunt it;" + }, + { + "id": 1247, + "la": "ut nune quoque in causa Philonis procuratoris quondam mei experiere, qui apud Hebromagum conditis mercibus, quas per agros diversos coemit, concesso ab hominibus tuis usus hospitio, inmature periclitatur expelli", + "en": "as now again you will realize in the matter of Philo, formerly my bailiff, who, after storing at Hebromagus1 goods which he has bought up on various estates, is in danger of being driven inconveniently from the shelter which your people afforded him." + }, + { + "id": 1248, + "la": "quod nisi indulseris rogante me, ut et mora habitandi ad commodum suum utatur et nauso aliave qua navi usque ad oppidum praebita frugis aliquantum nostrae advehi possit, Lucaniacus ut inopia liberetur mature:", + "en": "And unless you kindly grant this my request'namely that he be permitted to stay on there as suits his purpose, and that a barge or some sort of vessel be furnished him, that a little of my corn may be transported as far as the town, thereby delivering Lucaniacus2 from famine betimes'" + }, + { + "id": 1249, + "la": "tota illa familia hominis litterati non ad Tullii frumentariam, sed ad Curculionem Plauti pertinebit", + "en": "a literary mans whole household there will be reduced, not to Ciceros Speech on the Corn Supply,3 but to the Weevil of Plautus." + }, + { + "id": 1250, + "la": "Hoc quo facilius impetrarem, aut quo maiorem verereris molestiam, si negares, concinnatam iambis signatamque ad te epistulam misi, ne subornatum diceres tabellarium, si ad te sine signi fide veniret", + "en": "That I may the more easily obtain this boon, or that you may fear greater bother if you refuse, I send you a letter composed in iambics, and duly sealed, that you may not say the messenger has been tampered with, should he come to you without the guarantee of a seal." + }, + { + "id": 1251, + "la": "signavi autem, non, ut Plautus ait, Per ceram et linum litterasque interpretes;", + "en": "Yet I have sealed it, not, as Plautus says' With wax and thread and signs significant," + }, + { + "id": 1252, + "la": "sed per poeticum characterem: magis notam inustam, quam signum impressum iudicares", + "en": "but with a poetic stamp: this you may regard more as a brand burnt in than a seal impressed." + }, + { + "id": 1253, + "la": "Philon, meis qui vilicatus praediis, ut ipse Vult, , (nam gloriosum Graeculus nomen putat, quod sermo fucat Dorius) suis querellis adserit nostras preces, quas ipse lentus prosequor", + "en": "Philo, who is bailiff of my estate, or as he himself wishes, the administrator (for your Greekling thinks that a fine-sounding name which shows the gilt of the classic tongue), unites with his complaints my prayers, which reluctantly I myself dispatch." + }, + { + "id": 1254, + "la": "videbis ipsum, qualis adstet comminus, imago fortunae suae, canus, comosus, hispidtis, trux, atribux, Terentianus Phormio, horrens capillis ut marinus asperis echinus aut versus mei", + "en": "You shall see the man himself as he stands close by me, the very image of his class, grey, bushy-haired, unkempt, blustering, bullying, Terences Phormio,1 with stiff hair bristling like a sea-urchin2 or my lines." + }, + { + "id": 1255, + "la": "hic saepe falsus messibus vegrandibus nomen perosus vilici, semente sera sive multum praecoqua et siderali inscitia caelum lacessens seque culpae subtrahens reos peregit caelites", + "en": "This fellow, when light harvests had oft belied his promises, came to hate the name of bailiff; and, after sowing late or much too early through ignorance of the stars,3 made accusation against the powers above, carping at heaven and shifting the blame from himself." + }, + { + "id": 1256, + "la": "non cultor instans, non arator gnaruris, promusque quam condus magis, terram infidelem nec feracem criminans negotiari maluit mercator quo libet foro venalium, mutator ad Graecam fidem, sapiensque supra Graeciae septem viros octavus accessit sophos", + "en": "No diligent husbandman, no experienced ploughman, a spender rather than a getter,4 abusing the land as treacherous and unfruitful, he preferred to do business as a dealer in any sale-market, bartering for Greek credit,5 and, wiser than the Seven Worthies of Greece, has joined them as an eighth sage." + }, + { + "id": 1257, + "la": "et nunc paravit triticum casco sale novusque pollet emporus; adit inquilinos, rura, vicos, oppida soli et sali commercio;", + "en": "And now he has provided grain at the price of old salt,6 and blossoms out as a new trader; he visits tenants, country parts, villages and townships, travelling by land and sea;" + }, + { + "id": 1258, + "la": "acatis, phaselis, lintribus, stlattis, rate Tarnim et Garumnam permeat ac lucra damnis, damna mutans fraudibus se ditat et me pauperat", + "en": "by bark, skiff, schooner, galley, he traverses the windings of the Tarn and the Garonne, and by changing profits into losses and losses into frauds,1 he makes himself rich and me poor." + }, + { + "id": 1259, + "la": "Is nunc ad usque vectus Hebromagum tuam sedem locavit mercibus, ut inde nauso devehatur triticum nostros in usus, ut refert", + "en": "He now has sailed right up to your villa Hebromagus and made it the dept for his goods, that thence by barge grain may be carried down for my service, as he avers." + }, + { + "id": 1260, + "la": "hunc ergo paucis ne graveris hospitem cura diebus ut meet adactus ut mox navis auxilio tuae ad usque portus oppidi iam iam Perusina, iam Saguntina fame Lucaniacum liberet", + "en": "This guest, then, lest you be burdened, speed on his way in a few days, that, transported forthwith by the help of your vessel as far as the townships harbour, he may deliver Lucaniacus from famine by now, by now Perusian, by now Saguntine." + }, + { + "id": 1261, + "la": "Hoc si impetratum munus abs te accepero, prior colere quam Ceres: Triptolemon olim, sive Epimenidem vocant, aut viliconum Buzygem, tuo locabo postferendos numini, nam munus hoc fiet tuum", + "en": "If I receive this boon I ask of you, you shall be worshipped above Ceres: old Triptolemus or, as some call him, Epimenides, or Buzyges,3 the bailiffs patron, will I arrange to make inferior to your god-head, for this corn will become your gift." + }, + { + "id": 1262, + "la": "Discutimus, Pauline, iugum, quod nota fovebat temperies, leve quod positu et venerabile iunctis tractabat paribus Concordia mitis habenis;", + "en": "We are shaking off a yoke, Paulinus, which its tried equableness once made easy, a yoke lightly laid and worthy the respect of those it joined, which mild Concord used to guide with even reins;" + }, + { + "id": 1263, + "la": "quod per tam longam seriem volventibus annis fabula non umquam, numquam querimonia movit, nulla querella loco pepulit, non ira nec error nec quae conpositis male suadae credula causis concinnat veri similes suspicio culpas;", + "en": "which through so long a line of rolling years never an idle tale, never a peevish complaint has stirred, nor quarrel thrust from its place, nor anger, nor misapprehension, nor Suspicion which, lending too ready ears to Persuasions trumped-up pretexts, forms from them grievances to look like truth;" + }, + { + "id": 1264, + "la": "tam placidum, tam mite iugum, quod utrique parentes ad senium nostri traxere ab origine vitae inpositumque piis heredibus usque manere optarunt, dum longa dies dissolveret aevum", + "en": "so gentle, so easy a yoke which both our fathers drew on into old age from the beginning of their life, which, laid upon their duteous heirs, they would have had remain throughout till length of days broke up our lives." + }, + { + "id": 1265, + "la": "et mansit, dum laeta fides nec cura laborat officii servare vices, set sponte feruntur incustoditum sibi continuantia cursum", + "en": "And remain it did, while there was joyous trust and no laborious care to maintain exchange of good offices, but they flowed freely, keeping unbroken their unguarded course." + }, + { + "id": 1266, + "la": "Hoc tam mite iugum docili cervice subirent Martis equi stabuloque feri Diomedis abacti et qui mutatis ignoti Solis habenis fulmineum Phaethonta Pado mersere iugales", + "en": "This yoke so mild Mars horses would endure with obedient neck, and those wild steeds stolen from the stable of Diomedes, and even that team which, when another than the Sun held their reins, plunged lightning-blasted Phathon in the Padus." + }, + { + "id": 1267, + "la": "discutitur, Pauline, tamen: nec culpa duorum ista, set unius tantum tua", + "en": "Yet it is being shaken off, Paulinus; and that, not through the fault of both, but of one alone'of thee." + }, + { + "id": 1268, + "la": "namque ego semper contenta cervice feram", + "en": "For my neck will ever bear it gladly." + }, + { + "id": 1269, + "la": "consorte laborum destituor, nec tam promptum gestata duobus unum deficiente pari perferre sodalem", + "en": "It is the partner of my toil deserts me, and tis not so easy for one, when his fellow fails, to carry on alone that which the two bare as comrades." + }, + { + "id": 1270, + "la": "non animus viresque labant, sed iniqua ferendo condicio est oneri, cum pondus utrumque relicto ingruit acceduntque alienae pondera librae", + "en": "Heart and strength fail not, but unfair is the condition of carrying a burden, when both loads are laid on the partner left and the weight of anothers charge is added." + }, + { + "id": 1271, + "la": "sic pars aegra hominis trahit ad contagia sanum corpus et exigui quamvis discrimine membri tota per innumeros artus conpago vacillat", + "en": "So one ailing member in a man involves the sound body in infection, and the peril even of a tiny limb makes the whole knitted frame totter in all its countless joints." + }, + { + "id": 1272, + "la": "obruar usque tamen, veteris ne desit amici me durante fides memorique ut fixa sub aevo restituant profugum, solacia cassa, sodalem", + "en": "Yet let me even be crushed if only loyalty to my old friend fail not while I endure, and memory deep-planted in the years bring back'vain consolation!'my errant comrade." + }, + { + "id": 1273, + "la": "Inpie, Pirithoo disiungere Thesea posses Euryalumque suo socium secernere Niso;", + "en": "Ah, heartless! From Peirithous thou couldst part Theseus and separate Euryalus from the company of his dear Nisus;" + }, + { + "id": 1274, + "la": "te suadente fugam Pylades liquisset Oresten nec custodisset Siculus vadimonia Damon", + "en": "urged to flight by thee, Pylades would have left Orestes, and Sicilian Damon would not have kept his bond!" + }, + { + "id": 1275, + "la": "quantum oblectamen populi, quae vota bonorum sperato fraudata bono!", + "en": "What general delight, what good mens prayers have thus been cheated of their looked-for gain!" + }, + { + "id": 1276, + "la": "gratantia cuncti verba loquebantur: iam nomina nostra parabant inserere antiquis aevi melioris amicis", + "en": "They all were speaking words of congratulation: already they were about to enter our names in the lists of friends belonging to nobler days of old." + }, + { + "id": 1277, + "la": "cedebat Pylades, Phrygii quoque gloria Nisi iam minor et promissa obiens vadimonia Damon", + "en": "Pylades was giving place, Phrygian Nisus also now was growing less famed, and Damon who met his promised bail." + }, + { + "id": 1278, + "la": "nos documenta magis felicia, qualia magnus Scipio longaevique dedit sapientia Laeli: nos studiis animisque isdem miracula cunctis, hoc maiora, pares fuimus quod dispare in aevo", + "en": "We showed less tragic tokens of friendship, even as great Scipio and Laelius, long-lived in wisdom: we, with pursuits and hearts the same, were marvellous to all, the more for this that we were equals though unequal-aged." + }, + { + "id": 1279, + "la": "ocius illa iugi fatalis solvere lora Pellaeum potuisse ducem reor, abdita opertis principiis et utroque caput celantia nodo", + "en": "Sooner, methinks, could the Pellaean war-lord have loosed the lashings of that fate-fraught yoke, although their beginning was concealed from view and their end hidden by a double knot." + }, + { + "id": 1280, + "la": "Grande aliquod verbum nimirum diximus, ut se inferret nimiis vindex Rhamnusia votis;", + "en": "Some presumptuous word we surely spoke, that the vengeful queen of Rhamnus thus made onslaught on our excessive hopes;" + }, + { + "id": 1281, + "la": "Arsacidae ut quondam regis non laeta triumphis grandia verba premens ultrix dea Medica belli sistere Cecropidum in terris monumenta paranti obstitit et Graio iam iam figenda tropaeo ultro etiam victis Nemesis stetit Attica Persis", + "en": "as in old days when, angered at the vaunting of Arsaces royal son, the avenging goddess, crushing his presumptuous boasts, withstood his purpose to set up in the land of Cecrops sons a memorial of the Median arms, and just when she was to be raised to support a trophy of Greek arms, deliberately took her stand as Attic Nemesis to mark the Persian rout." + }, + { + "id": 1282, + "la": "Quae tibi Romulidas proceres vexare libido est?", + "en": "What caprice of thine is this to harass nobles of the seed of Romulus?" + }, + { + "id": 1283, + "la": "in Medos Arabasque tuos per nubila et atrum perge chaos: Romana procul tibi nomina sunto", + "en": "Against Medes and Arabs, thy natural foes, advance through clouds and chaos black: from men of Roman name keep thou afar." + }, + { + "id": 1284, + "la": "illic quaere alios oppugnatura sodales, livor ubi iste tuus ferrugineumque venenum opportuna tuis inimicat pectora fucis", + "en": "There rather seek thou friendships to assail, where that jealousy of thine and rankling venom estranges hearts well fitted for thy deceits." + }, + { + "id": 1285, + "la": "Paulinum Ausoniumque, viros, quos sacra Quirini purpura et auratus trabeae velavit amictus, non decet insidiis peregrinae cedere divae", + "en": "For Paulinus and Ausonius, men whom the sacred purple of Quirinus and the golden tissue of the consuls robe have enwrapped, to yield to the stratagems of a foreign goddess is not seemly." + }, + { + "id": 1286, + "la": "Quid queror eoique insector crimina monstri?", + "en": "Wherefore do I complain and cry out on the ravage of an eastern monster?" + }, + { + "id": 1287, + "la": "occidui me ripa Tagi, me Punica laedit Barcino, me bimaris iuga ninguida Pyrenaei", + "en": "Tis western Tagus shores, tis Punic Barcelona that does me hurt,tis the Pyrenees whose snowy crests join sea to sea," + }, + { + "id": 1288, + "la": "laedis et ipse tuos qui deseris ultro, relictis moenibus et patrio forsan quoque vestis et oris more, interque novos qui nunc versaris amicos quemque suo longe dirimat provincia tractu trans montes solemque alium, trans flumina et urbes et quod terrarum caelique extenditur inter Emeritensis Anae lataeque fluenta Garumnae", + "en": "thou thyself also dost me hurt, thou who abandonest thy friends without a cause, deserting thy town and, perchance, the native fashion of thy dress and speech, thou who now dwellest among new friends, whom the extent of a wide province parts from me beyond mountains neath an alien sun, beyond rivers and cities and all the land and sky which lie outspread betwixt Merida by Anas streams and the wide flood of the Garonne." + }, + { + "id": 1289, + "la": "Quod si intervalli spatium tolerabile limes poneret exiguus (quamvis longa omnia credant, qui simul esse volunt), faceret tamen ipsa propinquos cura locos, mediis iungens distantia verbis;", + "en": "If only the division were narrow and interposed a separating space not too formidable (albeit they think every place far off who seek to be together), even so affections self would make the places near, spanning the interval with a bridge of words;" + }, + { + "id": 1290, + "la": "Santonus ut sibi Burdigalam, mox iungit Aginnum illa sibi et populos Aquitanica rura colentes;", + "en": "even as Saintes keeps touch with Bordeaux, and she again with Agen and the folk who till the country purts of Aquitaine;" + }, + { + "id": 1291, + "la": "utque duplex Arelas Alpinae tecta Viennae, Narbonemque pari spatio sibi consent, et mox quinquiplicem socias tibi, Martie Narbo, Tolosam", + "en": "and as two-fold Arles1 links to herself at equal distances the roofs of Alpine Vienne and Narbonne; and then thou, Martian2 Narbonne, alliest with thee five-fold Toulouse." + }, + { + "id": 1292, + "la": "hoc mihi si spatium vicinis moenibus esset, tunc ego te ut nostris aptum conplecterer ulnis adflaretque tuas aures nostrae aura loquellae", + "en": "If such the distance severing our neighbouring towns, then would I clasp thee, ready to my embrace, and the air of my complaint would be breathed into thy ears." + }, + { + "id": 1293, + "la": "Nunc tibi trans Alpes et marmoream Pyrenen Caesarea est Augusta domus, Tyrrhenica propter Tarraco et ostrifero super addita Barcino ponto:", + "en": "Now for thee beyond the Alps and stony Pyrenees, Saragossa is thy home,1 Tyrrhenian Tarragona2 is near by, and Barcelona built above the oyster-bearing sea:" + }, + { + "id": 1294, + "la": "me iuga Burdigala, trino me flumina coetu secernunt turbis popularibus otiaque inter vitiferi exercent colles laetumque colonis uber agri, tum prata virentia, tum nemus umbris mobilibus celebrique frequens ecclesia vico totque mea in Novaro sibi proxima praedia pago, dispositis totum vicibus variata per annum, egelidae ut tepeant hiemes rabidosque per aestus adspirent tenues frigus subtile Aquilones", + "en": "me hills, me rivers in triple array3 part from Bordeaux and from the common throng, and in my leisure the vine-clad hills engage me, the rich glebe with its blithe peasantry, now the green meads, now the copse with its dancing shades, the church4 thronged with crowding villagers, and all those my domains hard by each other in Novarus village, which enjoy such change at the various seasons throughout the year, that the chill winters are warm for them and in the furious summer heats soft north winds breathe over them a gentle coolness." + }, + { + "id": 1295, + "la": "te sine set nullus grata vice provenit annus", + "en": "Yet without thee the year advances, bringing no grateful change." + }, + { + "id": 1296, + "la": "ver pluvium sine flore fugit, Canis aestifer ardet, nulla autumnales variat Pomona sapores effusaque hiemem contristat Aquarius unda", + "en": "The rainy Spring flits by lacking its flower, the heat-bringing Dog-Star parches, Pomona brings not variety of sweet autumn fruits, and with outpoured water Aquarius makes gloomy all the winter." + }, + { + "id": 1297, + "la": "agnoscisne tuam, Ponti dulcissime, culpam?", + "en": "Dost, thou perceive thy fault, my dearest Pontius?" + }, + { + "id": 1298, + "la": "nam mihi certa fides nec conmutabilis umquam Paulini illius veteris reverentia durat quaeque meoque tuoque fuit concordia patri", + "en": "For my loyalty remains steadfast and, never to be changed, my regard for the Paulinus of old days endures, even as the harmony betwixt my sire and thine." + }, + { + "id": 1299, + "la": "si tendi facilis cuiquam fuit arcus Ulixei aut praeter dominum vibrabilis ornus Achilli, nos quoque tam longo Rhamnusia foedere solvet", + "en": "If Ulysses bow was easy to be strung by any man, or if Achilles spear could be wielded save by its lord, then shall the queen of Rhamnus loose us from so long a bond." + }, + { + "id": 1300, + "la": "Set cur tam maesto sero tristia carmina versu et non in meliora animus se vota propinquat?", + "en": "But why weave I such sad refrain in mournful verse, why does my heart not turn to nobler prayers?" + }, + { + "id": 1301, + "la": "sit procul iste metus", + "en": "Far be that fear!" + }, + { + "id": 1302, + "la": "certa est fiducia nobis, si genitor natusque dei pia verba volentum accipiat, nostro reddi te posse precatu, ne sparsam raptamque domum lacerataque centum per dominos veteris Paulini regna fleamus teque vagum toto quam longa Hispania tractu, inmemorem veterum peregrinis fidere amicis", + "en": "Sure is my confidence that, if the Father and the Son of God accept the reverent words of those who seek, thou canst be restored at my prayer, that I may weep not for a home scattered and ravaged, for the realm rent in pieces between a hundred owners, once Paulinuss, and for thee, that, wandering with a range as wide as the extent of Spain, unmindful of old friends thou dost trust in strangers." + }, + { + "id": 1303, + "la": "Adcurre, o nostrum decus, o mea maxima cura, votis ominibusque bonis precibusque vocatus, adpropera, dum tu iuvenis, dum nostra senectus servat inexhaustum tibi gratificata vigorem", + "en": "O hasten hither, my pride, my chiefest care, summoned with vows, good omens, and with prayers speed thee hither, while thou art young and while my old age to win thy favour preserves its vigour unconsumed." + }, + { + "id": 1304, + "la": "ecquando iste meas inpellet nuntius aures?", + "en": "Ah, when shall this news break on my ears?" + }, + { + "id": 1305, + "la": "Ecce tuus Paulinus adest: iam ninguida linquit oppida Hiberorum, Tarbellica iam tenet arva, Hebromagi iam tecta subit, iam praedia fratris vicina ingreditur, iam labitur amne secundo iamque in conspectu est: iam prora obvertitur amni:", + "en": "Lo, thy Paulinus is at hand: now he leaves the snowy towns of Spain, now reaches the fields of Tarbellae, now approaches the homesteads of Hebromagus, now enters his brothers domains hard by, now glides down stream, and now is in sight: now the prow is being swung out into the stream:" + }, + { + "id": 1306, + "la": "ingressusque sui celebrata per ostia portus totum occursantis populi praevertitur agmen et sua praeteriens iam iam tua limina pulsat.", + "en": "now he has passed the thronged entrance of his home-port, outstrips the whole host of folk who hurry to meet him, and passing his own doors now, even now beats at thine." + }, + { + "id": 1307, + "la": "Credimus an, qui amant, ipsi sibi somnia fingunt?", + "en": "Do I believe, or do those who love feign dreams for their own selves." + }, + { + "id": 1308, + "la": "Proxima quae nostrae fuerat querimonia chartae, credideram quod te, Pauline, inflectere posset eliceretque tuam blanda obiurgatio vocem", + "en": "I hoped that the complaint which filled my latest letter might be able to move thee, Paulinus, and that my caressing reproof might lure thee to reply." + }, + { + "id": 1309, + "la": "set tu, iuratis velut alta silentia sacris devotus teneas, perstas in lege tacendi", + "en": "But thou, as if after swearing by holy things thou wast vowed to keep deep silence, abidest obstinately by the rule of speechlessness." + }, + { + "id": 1310, + "la": "non licet?", + "en": "Is it not allowed?" + }, + { + "id": 1311, + "la": "anne pudet, si quis tibi iure paterno vivat amicus adhuc maneasque obnoxius heres?", + "en": "Or art thou ashamed to have a friend still alive who claims a fathers rights, whilst thou remainest the dependent heir?" + }, + { + "id": 1312, + "la": "ignavos agitet talis timor, at tibi nullus sit metus et morem missae acceptaeque salutis audacter retine", + "en": "Let cowards quake with such dread, but have thou no fear, and boldly keep the custom of giving and returning greeting." + }, + { + "id": 1313, + "la": "vel si tibi proditor instat aut quaesitoris gravior censura timetur, occurre ingenio, quo saepe occulta teguntur", + "en": "Or if an informer is beside thee, and if tis an inquisitors2 too stern rebuke is feared, baffle it with a device whereby secrets are oft concealed." + }, + { + "id": 1314, + "la": "Thraeicii quondam quam saeva licentia regis fecerat elinguem, per licia texta querellas edidit et tacitis mandavit crimina telis", + "en": "She whom the brutal outrage of the Thracian king had robbed of her tongue, revealed her sorrows by means of woven threads and committed the story of her wrongs to the silent loom." + }, + { + "id": 1315, + "la": "et pudibunda suos malo commisit amores virgo nec erubuit tacituro conscia pomo", + "en": "Also a shamefast maid entrusted the tale of her love to an apple,4 and blushed not to share her secret with fruit which could never speak." + }, + { + "id": 1316, + "la": "depressis scrobibus vitium regale minister credidit idque diu texit fidissima tellus: inspirata dehinc vento cantavit harundo", + "en": "To deep-dug pits a servant revealed his royal lords deformity,5 and long the earth hid the secret most faithfully: thereafter the reed, breathed on by the wind, sang the story." + }, + { + "id": 1317, + "la": "lacte incide notas: arescens charta tenebit semper inaspicuas; prodentur scripta favillis", + "en": "Trace letters with milk: the paper as it dries will keep them ever invisible; yet with ashes the writing is brought to light." + }, + { + "id": 1318, + "la": "vel Lacedaemoniam scytalen imitare, libelli segmina Pergamei tereti circumdata ligno perpetuo inscribens versu, qui deinde solutus, non respondentes sparso dabit ordine formas, donec consimilis ligni replicetur in orbem", + "en": "Or imitate the Spartan scytale, writing on strips of parchment wound about a rounded stick in continuous lines, which, afterwards unrolled, will show characters incoherent because sequence is lost, until they are rolled again about just such another stick." + }, + { + "id": 1319, + "la": "Innumeras possum celandi ostendere formas et clandestinas veterum reserare loquellas: si prodi, Pauline, times nostraeque vereris crimen amicitiae; Tanaquil tua nesciat istud", + "en": "I can show thee countless codes of the ancients for concealing and unlocking secret messages2; if thou, Paulinus, fearest to be betrayed and dreadst the charge of my friendship, let thy Tanaquil3 know naught of it." + }, + { + "id": 1320, + "la": "tu contemne alios nec dedignare parentem adfari verbis", + "en": "Do thou scorn others, but disdain not to address thy father." + }, + { + "id": 1321, + "la": "ego sum tuus altor et ille praeceptor, primus veterum largitor honorum, primus in Aonidum qui te collegia duxi", + "en": "I am thy nourisher, thy old tutor, the first to lavish on thee the honours of old time,4 the first to introduce thee into the guild of the Aonides." + }, + { + "id": 1322, + "la": "Cum Pontius Paulinus iunior quartis iam litteris non respondisset sic ad eum scriptum est", + "en": "When Pontius Paulinus the younger did not reply to the four letters already sent, the following was written to him" + }, + { + "id": 1323, + "la": "Quarta tibi haec notos detexit epistula questus, Pauline, et blando residem sermone lacessit", + "en": "This is the fourth letter in which I have laid bare to thee, Paulinus, my familiar complaint, and with caressing words sought to stir thee from thy lethargy." + }, + { + "id": 1324, + "la": "officium set nulla pium mihi pagina reddit, fausta salutigeris adscribens orsa libellis", + "en": "But never a page comes to repay my loving attentions, no propitious words writ at the head of sheets which bring me greeting." + }, + { + "id": 1325, + "la": "unde istam meruit non felix charta repulsam, spernit tam longo cessatio quam tua fastu?", + "en": "How has my luckless letter, for which your long neglect shows such disdain, deserved this rebuff?" + }, + { + "id": 1326, + "la": "hostis ab hoste tamen per barbara verba salutem accipit et Salve mediis intervenit armis", + "en": "Yet foe from foe receives greeting6 in savage speech and hail comes between opposed arms." + }, + { + "id": 1327, + "la": "respondent et saxa homini et percussus ab antris sermo redit, redit et nemorum vocalis imago;", + "en": "Even rocks make answer to mankind and speech beating back from caves returns, returns too the vocal mimicry of the woods;" + }, + { + "id": 1328, + "la": "litorei clamant scopuli, dant murmura rivi, Hyblaeis apibus saepes depasta susurrat", + "en": "cliffs by the sea-shore cry out, streams utter their murmurs, the hedges, whereon bees of Hybla feed,1 are ever whispering." + }, + { + "id": 1329, + "la": "est et harundineis modulatio musica ripis cumque suis loquitur tremulum coma pinea ventis", + "en": "Reed-grown banks also have their tuneful harmonies, and the pines foliage in trembling accents talks with its beloved winds." + }, + { + "id": 1330, + "la": "incubuit foliis quotiens levis eurus acutis, Dindyma Gargarico respondent cantica luco", + "en": "So oft as the light eastern breeze leans on the shrill-voiced leaves, strains of Dindymus respond to the grove of Gargara." + }, + { + "id": 1331, + "la": "nil mutum natura dedit", + "en": "Nature made nothing dumb." + }, + { + "id": 1332, + "la": "non aeris ales quadrupedesve silent, habet et sua sibila serpens, et pecus aequoreum tenui vice vocis anhelat", + "en": "Birds of the air and four-footed beasts are not mute, even the serpent has its own hissing note, and the herds of the deep sigh with faint semblance of a voice." + }, + { + "id": 1333, + "la": "cymbala dant flictu sonitum, dant pulpita saltu icta pedum, tentis reboant cava tympana tergis;", + "en": "Cymbals give sound at a clash, stages at beat of bounding feet, the taut skins of hollow drums give back a booming:" + }, + { + "id": 1334, + "la": "Isiacos agitant Mareotica sistra tumultus nec Dodonaei cessat tinnitus aeni, in numerum quotiens radiis ferientibus ictae respondent dociles modulato verbere pelves", + "en": "Mareotic3 sistra raise rattling din in Isis honour nor does Dodonas brazen tinkling cease as oft as the lavers at the clappers measured stroke obediently reply with rhythmic beat." + }, + { + "id": 1335, + "la": "Tu velut Oebaliis habites taciturnus Amyclis aut tua Sigalion Aegyptius oscula signet, obnixum, Pauline, taces", + "en": "Thou, as though thou wert a mute citizen of Oebalian Amyclae,5 or Egyptian Sigalion6 were sealing thy lips, stubbornly keepest silence, Paulinus." + }, + { + "id": 1336, + "la": "agnosco pudorem, quod vitium fovet ipsa suum cessatio iugis, dumque pudet tacuisse diu, placet officiorum non servare vices;", + "en": "I recognise shame in thee, for continued negligence cherishes her own defect, and in shame for long silence thou dost resolve not to maintain interchange of courtesies;" + }, + { + "id": 1337, + "la": "et amant longa otia culpam", + "en": "and lengthened idleness loves its own fault." + }, + { + "id": 1338, + "la": "quis probibet Salve atque Vale brevitate parata scribere felicesque notas mandare libellis?", + "en": "Who forbids you to write hail and farewell with studied brevity, and to commit to paper these words of greeting?" + }, + { + "id": 1339, + "la": "non ego, longinquos ut texat pagina versus, postulo multiplicique oneret sermone tabellas", + "en": "I do not demand that thy page should weave a long drawn out web of verse and burden thy letter with a multitude of words." + }, + { + "id": 1340, + "la": "una fuit tantum, qua respondere Lacones littera, et irato regi placuere negantes", + "en": "Twas but one letter wherewith the Spartans made reply and, though refusing, pleased the angry king." + }, + { + "id": 1341, + "la": "est etenim comis brevitas: sic fama renatum Pythagoram docuisse refert", + "en": "For indeed terseness is courteous; so, report says, taught reborn Pythagoras." + }, + { + "id": 1342, + "la": "cum multa loquaces ambiguis sererent verbis, contra omnia solum Est, respondebat, vel Non", + "en": "While babblers would be stringing indecisive words, in all cases he would answer only Yes or No." + }, + { + "id": 1343, + "la": "o certa loquendi regula!", + "en": "O stable rule of speech!" + }, + { + "id": 1344, + "la": "nam brevius nihil est et plenius istis, quae firmata probant aut infirmata relidunt", + "en": "For nothing is shorter and more adequate than these, which approve the valid or reject the invalid." + }, + { + "id": 1345, + "la": "nemo silens placuit, multi brevitate loquendi", + "en": "None pleased by silence; many by brief reply." + }, + { + "id": 1346, + "la": "Verum ego quo stulte dudum spatiosa locutus provehor? ut diversa sibi vicinaque culpa est!", + "en": "But I, whither with foolish amplitude of speech have I been long careering? How distant from itself and yet how near is error!" + }, + { + "id": 1347, + "la": "multa loquens et cuncta silens non ambo placemus", + "en": "I with long speech, thou with utter silence, we both displease." + }, + { + "id": 1348, + "la": "nec possum reticere, iugum quod libera numquam fert pietas nec amat blandis postponere verum", + "en": "Yet can I not keep silence, for free affection never bears yoke, nor loves to screen truth with glozing words." + }, + { + "id": 1349, + "la": "vertisti, Pauline, tuos dulcissime mores?", + "en": "Hast thou, dearest Paulinus, changed thy nature?" + }, + { + "id": 1350, + "la": "Vasconis hoc saltus et ninguida Pyrenaei hospitia et nostri facit hoc oblivio caeli?", + "en": "Do Biscayan glades and sojourns in the snowy Pyrenees and doth forgetfulness of our clime work thus?" + }, + { + "id": 1351, + "la": "inprecer ex merito quid non tibi, Hiberia tellus!", + "en": "What curse shall I not righteously call down on thee, O land of Spain?" + }, + { + "id": 1352, + "la": "te populent Poeni, te perfidus Hannibal urat, te belli sedem repetat Sertorius exul", + "en": "May Carthaginians ravage thee, may faithless Hannibal waste thee with fire, may banished Sertorius again seek in thee the seat of war!" + }, + { + "id": 1353, + "la": "ergo meum patriaeque decus columenque senati Birbilis aut haerens scopulis Calagorris habebit, aut quae deiectis iuga per scruposa ruinis arida torrentem Sicorim despectat Hilerda?", + "en": "Shall then Birbilis or Calagorris clinging to its crags, or parched Ilerda3 whose ruins, littered over rugged hills, look down on brawling Sicoris, possess him who is mine and his countrys pride, the mainstay of the Senate?" + }, + { + "id": 1354, + "la": "hic trabeam, Pauline, tuam Latiamque curulem constituis, patriosque istic sepelibis honores?", + "en": "Here dost thou, Paulinus, establish thy robe consular and Roman curule chair, and wilt thou bury there thy native honours?" + }, + { + "id": 1355, + "la": "Quis tamen iste tibi tam longa silentia suasit impius?", + "en": "But who is that unhallowed wretch who has urged you to so long silence?" + }, + { + "id": 1356, + "la": "ut nullos hic vocem vertat in usus, gaudia non illum vegetent, non dulcia vatum carmina, non blandae modulatio flexa querellae, non fera, non illum pecudes, non mulceat ales, non quae pastorum nemoralibus abdita lucis solatur nostras Echo resecuta loquellas", + "en": "May he turn no sound to any advantage, may no joys enliven him, no sweet poetslays, no melting harmonies of seductive elegy, may no cry of beast nor low of cattle nor song of bird cheer him, nor yet Echo, who hidden in shepherds bosky groves consoles us while repeating our complaints." + }, + { + "id": 1357, + "la": "tristis, egens deserta colat tacitusque pererret Alpinis conexa iugis, ceu dicitur olim mentis inops coetus hominum et vestigia vitans avia perlustrasse vagus loca Bellerophontes", + "en": "Sad, needy let him dwell in waste places and in silence roam the borders of Alpine hills, even as, tis said, in days of old Bellerophon, distraught, avoided the company of men and wandered straying through untrodden places." + }, + { + "id": 1358, + "la": "Haec precor, hanc vocem, Boeotia numina Musae, accipite et Latiis vatem revocate camenis", + "en": "This is my prayer, this cry, Boeotian Muses divine, receive ye and with Latin strains call back your bard!" + }, + { + "id": 1359, + "la": "Continuata meae durare silentia linguae te numquam tacito memoras placitamque latebris desidiam exprobras neglectaeque insuper addis crimen amicitiae formidatamque iugalem obicis et durum iacis in mea viscera versum", + "en": "Thou tellest me that my tongue keeps unbroken silence while thou art never dumb, and reproachest me with choosing idleness in secret retreats, and withal addest the charge of neglected friendship and tauntest me with terror of my spouse, launching a cruel line against my very heart." + }, + { + "id": 1360, + "la": "parce, precor, lacerare tuum, nec amara paternis admiscere velis, ceu melle absinthia, verbis", + "en": "Cease, I prithee, to wound thy friend, and seek not to mingle bitterness'as wormwood with honey'with a fathers words." + }, + { + "id": 1361, + "la": "Cura mihi semper fuit et manet officiis te omnibus excolere, adfectu observare fideli", + "en": "My care has been and still endures, to honour thee with every friendly token, to compass thee with faithful affection." + }, + { + "id": 1362, + "la": "non umquam tenui saltim tua gratia naevo conmaculata mihi est;", + "en": "No blemish, however slight, has ever marred my devotion towards thee;" + }, + { + "id": 1363, + "la": "ipso te laedere vultu semper et incauta timui violare figura;", + "en": "even by a look I have ever feared to hurt thee and to wrong thee with an unguarded aspect;" + }, + { + "id": 1364, + "la": "cumque tua accessi, venerans mea cautius ora conposui et laeto formavi lumine frontem, ne qua vel a tacito contractam pectore nubem duceret in sanctum suspicio falsa parentem", + "en": "and when I have approached thee, out of respect I have the more heedfully ordered my looks and given my features a bright and cheerful cast, that no ungrounded suspicion might bring down a cloud upon thee, my revered father, even though arising from an unspoken thought." + }, + { + "id": 1365, + "la": "hoc mea te domus exemplo coluitque colitque inque tuum tantus nobis consensus amorem est, quantus et in Christum conexa mente colendum", + "en": "After like pattern my household has honoured and honours thee, and in love for thee we are as agreed together as our hearts are linked together in worship of Christ." + }, + { + "id": 1366, + "la": "Quis tua, quaeso, tuis obduxit pectora livor?", + "en": "What rancour, I beg of thee, against thy friends is crept over thy heart?" + }, + { + "id": 1367, + "la": "quo rumore pium facilis tibi fama per aures inrupit pepulitque animum contraque vetustam experta pietate fidem nova vulnera movit, laederet ut natis placidum male suada parentem?", + "en": "With what idle tale has nimble Slander forced her way into thy ears, smitten thy fond heart, and aimed late blows against the tried affection of ancient faith, so as to harm a son by cozening a sire from his peace?" + }, + { + "id": 1368, + "la": "Set mihi non fictae mens conscia simplicitatis nec patris inculti pietas rea respuit omne inmeritum et falso perstringi crimine non fert, inmunis vero:", + "en": "But my heart is conscious of no feigned sincerity, my devotion, guiltless of neglect towards my father, hurls back with scorn every undeserved taunt, and brooks not to be scarred with a false charge because in truth innocent:" + }, + { + "id": 1369, + "la": "gravius violatur iniquo vulnere, tam tenera offensae, quam libera culpae", + "en": "as easy hurt as it is free from fault, it is the more sorely injured by an unjust blow." + }, + { + "id": 1370, + "la": "Discussisse iugum quereris me, quo tibi doctis iunctus eram studiis", + "en": "Thou dost complain that I have shaken off the yoke1 wherewith I was joined with thee in the pursuit of letters." + }, + { + "id": 1371, + "la": "hoc nec gestasse quidem me adsero", + "en": "This I declare that I have never even borne." + }, + { + "id": 1372, + "la": "namque pares subeunt iuga: nemo valentes copulat infirmis neque sunt concordia frena, si sit conpulsis mensura iugalibus inpar", + "en": "For only equals share one yoke: no one links the powerful with the weak, and no team works with one will, if the forced yoke-fellows are of unequal measure." + }, + { + "id": 1373, + "la": "si vitulum tauro vel equum committis onagro;", + "en": "If thou dost match calves with bulls or horses with wild-asses;" + }, + { + "id": 1374, + "la": "si confers fulicas cycnis et aedona parrae, castaneis corulos; aequas viburna cupressis;", + "en": "if thou comparest moorhens with swans, and nightingales with owls, hazels with chestnuts, or rankest wayside shrubs with cypresses;" + }, + { + "id": 1375, + "la": "me conpone tibi: vix Tullius et Maro tecum sustineant aequale iugum", + "en": "then place me beside thee: Tully and Maro scarce could uphold a like yoke with thee." + }, + { + "id": 1376, + "la": "si iungar amore, hoc tantum tibi me iactare audebo iugalem, quo modicus sociis magno contendit habenis", + "en": "If I be yoked in love, in that alone will I dare boast myself thy yoke-fellow wherein the humble vies with the great in even career." + }, + { + "id": 1377, + "la": "dulcis amicitia aeterno mihi foedere tecum et paribus semper redamandi legibus aequat", + "en": "Sweet friendship makes us peers through the eternal bond betwixt me and thee and through the equal laws of endless mutual love." + }, + { + "id": 1378, + "la": "hoc nostra cervice iugum non scaeva resolvit fabula, non terris absentia longa diremit, nec perimet, toto licet abstrahar orbe vel aevo", + "en": "This yoke no malicious tale has unloosed from my neck, no long absence from my land has broken it nor ever shall destroy it, though I should be removed from thee by the whole span of space and time." + }, + { + "id": 1379, + "la": "numquam animo divisus agam: prius ipsa recedet corpore vita meo, quam vester pectore vultus", + "en": "Never shall I live separate from thee in soul: sooner shall life itself depart from my frame than thy face from my heart." + }, + { + "id": 1380, + "la": "Ego te per omne quod datum mortalibus et destinatum saeculum est, claudente donec continebor corpore, discernar orbe quamlibet, nec orbe longe nec remotum lumine tenebo fibris insitum:", + "en": "Through all the length of time given to mortals and ordained, so long as I shall be confined in this halting frame, though I be held a world apart, thee neither parted by a world nor severed from my sight I will keep implanted in my inmost being:" + }, + { + "id": 1381, + "la": "videbo corde, mente conplectar pia ubique praesentem mihi", + "en": "in heart I shall see thee, in loving thought embrace thee, having thee with me everywhere." + }, + { + "id": 1382, + "la": "et cum solutus corporali carcere terraque provolavero, quo me locarit axe communis pater, illic quoque animo te geram;", + "en": "And when, released from the prison of the body, I shall have flown forth from the earth, in whatever clime our general Father shall place me, there also will I bear thee in my heart;" + }, + { + "id": 1383, + "la": "neque finis idem, qui meo me corpore et amore laxabit tuo", + "en": "nor shall the selfsame end which severs me from my body, unloose me from love of thee." + }, + { + "id": 1384, + "la": "mens quippe, lapsis quae superstes artubus de stirpe durat caeliti, sensus necesse est simul et adfectus suos teneat aeque ut vitam suam, et ut mori, sic oblivisci non capit, perenne vivax et memor Vale domine illustris", + "en": "For the soul, which, surviving the bodys ruin, endures in virtue of heavenly birth, must needs keep both its own faculties and affections no less than its own life, and so admits forgetfulness no more than death, remaining ever living, ever mindful. Farewell, illustrious master." + }, + { + "id": 1385, + "la": "Quarta redit duris haec iam messoribus aestas, et totiens cano bruma gelu riguit, ex quo nulla tuo mihi littera venit ab ore, nulla tua vidi scripta notata manu, ante salutifero felix quam charta libello dona negata diu multiplicata daret", + "en": "Tis the fourth summer now returns for hardy reapers, and as oft has winter grown stark with hoary rime, since any syllable from thy lips reached me, since I saw any letter penned by thy hand'ere thy page, auspicious with its message of greeting, bestowed manifold the gift so long denied." + }, + { + "id": 1386, + "la": "trina etenim vario florebat epistula textu, set numerosa triplex pagina carmen erat", + "en": "For indeed twas a triple letter enriched with various flowers of composition, but the melodious sheets were a three-fold poem." + }, + { + "id": 1387, + "la": "dulcia multimodis quaedam subamara querellis, anxia censurae miscuerat pietas", + "en": "Things sweet, though somewhat soured with manifold complaints, troubled affection had mingled with criticism." + }, + { + "id": 1388, + "la": "sed mihi mite patris plus quam censoris acerbum sedit, et e blandis aspera penso animo", + "en": "But with me the fathers gentleness rather than the critics bitterness finds a resting place, and in my heart I draw from the kindly words what may weigh against the harsh." + }, + { + "id": 1389, + "la": "ista suo regerenda loco tamen et graviore vindicis heroi sunt agitanda sono", + "en": "But these charges must be refuted in their proper place and canvassed in the sterner tones of the avenging heroic measure" + }, + { + "id": 1390, + "la": "interea levior paucis praecurret iambus discreto referens mutua verba pede", + "en": "Meanwhile, though briefly, lighter iambus shall hurry on ahead, in separate metre1 paying back his debt of words." + }, + { + "id": 1391, + "la": "Nunc elegi salvere iubent dictaque salute, ut fecere aliis orsa gradumque, silent", + "en": "Now my elegiacs bid thee hail and having hailed thee, since they have made for others a beginning and a step, cease to speak" + }, + { + "id": 1392, + "la": "Quid abdicatas in meam curam, pater, redire Musas praecipis? negant Camenis nec patent Apollini dicata Christo pectora", + "en": "Why dost thou bid the deposed Muses return to my affection, my father? Hearts consecrate to Christ give refusal to the Camenae, are closed to Apollo." + }, + { + "id": 1393, + "la": "fuit ista quondam non ope, sed studio pari tecum mihi concordia, ciere surdum Delphica Phoebum specu, vocare Musas numina, fandique munus munere indultum dei petere e nemoribus aut iugis", + "en": "Once was there this accord betwixt me and thee, equals in zeal but not in power'to call forth deaf Apollo from his Delphic cave, to invoke the Muses as divine, to seek from groves or hills the gift of utterance by the gods gift bestowed." + }, + { + "id": 1394, + "la": "nunc alia mentem vis agit, maior deus, aliosque mores postulat sibi reposcens ab homine munus suum, vivamus ut vitae patri", + "en": "Now tis another force governs my heart, a greater God, who demands another mode of life, claiming for himself from man the gift he gave, that we may live for the Father of life." + }, + { + "id": 1395, + "la": "vacare vanis, otio aut negotio, et fabulosis litteris vetat;", + "en": "To spend time on empty things, whether in pastime or pursuit, and on literature full of idle tales, he forbids" + }, + { + "id": 1396, + "la": "suis ut pareamus legibus lucemque cernamus suam, quam vis sophorum callida arsque rhetorum et figmenta vatum nubilant, qui corda falsis atque vanis imbuunt tantumque linguas instruunt, nihil adferentes, ut salutem conferant, quod veritatem detegat", + "en": "that we may obey his laws and behold his light which sophists cunning skill, the art of rhetoric, and poets feignings overcloud. For these steep our hearts in things false and vain, and train our tongues alone imparting naught which can reveal the truth." + }, + { + "id": 1397, + "la": "quid enim tenere vel bonum aut verum queant, qui non tenent summae caput, veri bonique fomitem et fontem deum, quem nemo nisi in Christo videt?", + "en": "For what good thing or true can they hold who hold not the head of all, God, the enkindler and source of the good and true, whom no man seeth save in Christ." + }, + { + "id": 1398, + "la": "Hic veritatis lumen est, vitae via, vis, mens, manus, virtus patris, sol aequitatis, fons bonorum, flos dei, natus deo, mundi sator, mortalitatis vita nostrae et mors necis, magister hic virtutium, deusque nobis atque pro nobis homo, nos induendus induit, aeterna iungens homines inter et deum in utrumque se commercia", + "en": "He is the light of truth, the path of life, the strength, mind, hand, and power of the Father, the sun of righteousness, the fount of blessings, the flower of God, born of God, creator of the world, life of our mortality and death of Death. He, the Lord of Virtues, to us God and for us Man, puts on our nature as we must put on his, linking God with man in perpetual intercourse, himself of each partaking." + }, + { + "id": 1399, + "la": "hic ergo nostris ut suum praecordiis vibraverit caelo iubar, abstergit aegrum corporis pigri situm habitumque mentis innovat:", + "en": "He, then, when he has launched his beams from heaven upon our hearts, wipes off the sorry filth of our dull bodies and renews the disposition of our hearts:" + }, + { + "id": 1400, + "la": "exhaurit omne, quod iuvabat antea, castae voluptatis vice, totusque nostra iure domini vindicat et corda et ora et tempora", + "en": "he draws forth all which aforetime used to please, giving unsullied pleasure in return, and absolutely with a masters right claims both our hearts and lips and time." + }, + { + "id": 1401, + "la": "se cogitari, intellegi, credi, legi, se vult timeri et diligi", + "en": "He seeks himself to engross our thoughts, our minds, belief and choice, himself to be feared and loved." + }, + { + "id": 1402, + "la": "aestus inanes, quos movet vitae labor praesentis aevi tramite, abolet futura cum deo vitae fides", + "en": "Those aimless surges, which the toils of life stir up in the course of this present span of time, are brought to naught by faith in a life to come with God." + }, + { + "id": 1403, + "la": "quae, quas videmur spernere, non ut profanas abicit aut viles opes, set ut magis caras monet caelo reponi creditas Christo deo, qui plura promisit datis, contempta praesens vel mage deposita sibi multo ut rependat faenore", + "en": "This casts not away the riches, which we are thought to scorn, as unhallowed or little worth, but, as more dear, bids them be laid up in Heaven in trust with Christ our God, who has promised more than he receives, to pay back with large usury those things now despised or rather laid up in his keeping." + }, + { + "id": 1404, + "la": "sine fraude custos, aucta creditoribus bonus aera reddet debitor multaque spretam largior pecuniam restituet usura deus", + "en": "A faithful guardian, an unfailing debtor, he will repay with increase wealth entrusted to him, and of his bounty God with abundant interest will restore the money we have spurned." + }, + { + "id": 1405, + "la": "Huic vacantem vel studentem et deditum, in hoc reponentem omnia ne quaeso segnem neve perversum putes nec crimineris impium", + "en": "To Him given up, whether waiting or serving, in Him laying up my all, think me not, I beseech thee, slothful nor wayward, nor charge me with want of filial piety." + }, + { + "id": 1406, + "la": "pietas abesse Christiano qui potest?", + "en": "How can piety be wanting in a Christian?" + }, + { + "id": 1407, + "la": "namque argumentum mutuum est pietatis, esse Christianum, et impii, non esse Christo subditum", + "en": "For piety has the acquired meaning to be a Christian, and the impious one not subject to Christ." + }, + { + "id": 1408, + "la": "hanc cum tenere discimus, possum tibi non exhibere, id est patri, cui cuncta sancta iura, cara nomina debere me voluit deus?", + "en": "When I am learning to hold fast this, can I fail to show it toward thee, that is, towards my father, to whom God has willed that I should owe all sacred duties and names of affection?" + }, + { + "id": 1409, + "la": "tibi disciplinas, dignitatem, litteras, linguae, togae, famae decus provectus, altus, institutus debeo, patrone, praeceptor, pater", + "en": "To thee I owe training, honours, learning, my pride of eloquence, of civil rank, of reputation, being by thee advanced, fostered, and instructed, my patron, tutor, father." + }, + { + "id": 1410, + "la": "Sed cur remotus tamdiu degam, arguis pioque motu irasceris", + "en": "But why do I live so long retired, thou askest reproachfully, and art stirred with a loving anger." + }, + { + "id": 1411, + "la": "conducit istud aut necesse est aut placet: veniale, quidquid horum, erit", + "en": "It is expedient, or tis necessary, or tis my pleasure: whichever of these it be, it will be pardonable." + }, + { + "id": 1412, + "la": "ignosce amanti, si geram quod expedit; gratare, si vivam, ut libet", + "en": "Forgive me, as I love thee, if I do what is convenient; be thankful if I live as pleases me." + }, + { + "id": 1413, + "la": "Defore me patriis tota trieteride terris atque alium legisse vagis erroribus orbem, culta prius vestrae oblitum consortia vitae, increpitas sanctis mota pietate querellis", + "en": "That I shall be absent from my native land full three years space, and that I have traversed another world in aimless wanderings, forgetful of that fellowship in thy life, once cherished'thou dost reproach me with complaints hallowed by the love whence they spring." + }, + { + "id": 1414, + "la": "amplector patrio venerandos pectore motus et mihi gratandas salvis adfectibus iras", + "en": "I welcome with reverence due the emotions of a fathers heart and the anger which claims my gratitude leaving affection unimpaired." + }, + { + "id": 1415, + "la": "set reditum inde meum, genitor, te poscere mallem, unde dari possit", + "en": "Yet for my return, my father, I would rather thou shouldst ask it there where it can be granted." + }, + { + "id": 1416, + "la": "revocandum me tibi credam, cum steriles fundas non ad divina precatus, Castalidis supplex averso numine Musis?", + "en": "Shall I believe that thou canst call me back to thee while thou pourest forth barren prayers to beings not divine, suppliant to the Castalian Muses while God turns from thee?" + }, + { + "id": 1417, + "la": "non his numinibus tibi me patriaeque reduces", + "en": "Not through such deities wilt thou bring me back to thee and to my country." + }, + { + "id": 1418, + "la": "surda vocas et nulla rogas (levis hoc feret aura, quod datur in nihilum) sine numine nomina Musas", + "en": "Thou callst the deaf, implorest things of naught'a light breeze will bear away what is addressed to a nothing'the Muses, who are names but nonentities." + }, + { + "id": 1419, + "la": "inrita ventosae rapiunt haec vota procellae, quae non missa deo vacuis in nubibus haerent nec penetrant superi stellantem regis in aulam", + "en": "The stormy winds whirl away ineffectual such prayers as these, which, not addressed to God, catch in the empty clouds nor make their way into the starry court of the King of Heaven." + }, + { + "id": 1420, + "la": "Si tibi cura mei reditus, illum adspice et ora, qui tonitru summi quatit ignea culmina caeli, qui trifido igne micat nec inania murmura miscet quique satis caelo soles largitur et imbres, qui super omne, quod est, vel in omni totus ubique, omnibus infuso rebus regit omnia Christo:", + "en": "If thou carest for my return, look towards him and pray to him who with his thunder shakes the fiery heights of highest Heaven, who shoots forth his triple flash of flame, nor mingles it with idle sounds, who on the crops graciously bestows sunshine and rains from heaven, who being above all that is, or wholly in all things everywhere, reigns over all through Christ who permeates all things:" + }, + { + "id": 1421, + "la": "quo mentes tenet atque movet, quo tempora nostra et loca disponit", + "en": "through whom he occupies and sways our minds, through whom he orders our times and places." + }, + { + "id": 1422, + "la": "quod si contraria votis constituat nostri, prece deflectendus in illa est, quae volumus Quid me accusas?", + "en": "But if he ordains things opposed to our hopes, by prayer he may be turned aside to that which we desire. Why blamest thou me?" + }, + { + "id": 1423, + "la": "si displicet actus quem gero agente deo, prius est: fiat reus auctor, cui placet aut formare meos aut vertere sensus", + "en": "If thou mislikest the course which I pursue under Gods influence, there is an earlier step: let the Author be accused, who is pleased either to shape or change my feelings." + }, + { + "id": 1424, + "la": "nam mea si reputes, quae pristina, quae tibi nota, sponte fatebor eum modo me non esse, sub illo tempore qui fuerim, quo non perversus habebar et perversus eram falsi caligine cernens, stulta dei sapiens et mortis pabula vivens", + "en": "For if thou thinkest my nature is as of old and as twas known to thee, I will avow of myself that now I am not the man I was about that time when I was not thought wayward though wayward I was, seeing with the darkness of error, wise in what with God is foolishness,1 and living on the food of death." + }, + { + "id": 1425, + "la": "quo magis ignosci mihi fas, quia promptius ex hoc agnosci datur a summo genitore novari, quod non more meo geritur:", + "en": "Wherefore thou art the more bound to pardon me, because by this the more readily tis permitted thee to recognize that this change is from the most high Father'that tis not in accordance with my nature:" + }, + { + "id": 1426, + "la": "non, arbitror, istic confessus dicar mutatae in prava notandum errorem mentis, quoniam sim sponte professus me non mente mea vitam mutasse priorem", + "en": "by this I shall not, methinks, be held to have admitted a lamentable distraction of a mind changed for the worse, since I have openly avowed that not my own mind has caused me to change my former life." + }, + { + "id": 1427, + "la": "mens nova mi, fateor, mens non mea: non mea quondam, set mea nunc auctore deo, qui, si quid in actu ingeniove meo sua dignum ad munia vidit, gratia prima tibi, tibi gloria debita cedit, cuius praeceptis partum est, quod Christus amaret", + "en": "I have a new mind, I confess'a mind not my own: not mine aforetime, though mine now through Gods influence'and if in my deeds or thoughts he sees anything worthy for his gifts, to thee chief gratitude, to thee the glory falls due, since thy instruction has produced what Christ could love." + }, + { + "id": 1428, + "la": "Quare gratandum magis est tibi, quam queritandum, quod tuus ille, tuis studiis et moribus ortus, Paulinus, cui te non infitiare parentem, nec modo, cum credis perversum, sic mea verti consilia, ut sim promeritus Christi fore, dum sum Ausonii", + "en": "Wherefore thou shouldst give thanks rather than complain because I'that son of thine, offspring of thy learning and thy character, Paulinus, whose parentage thou dost not deny, even now when thou believest me wayward'have so changed my principles that I have gained grace to become the child of Christ while I am the child of Ausonius." + }, + { + "id": 1429, + "la": "feret ille tuae sua praemia laudi deque tua primum tibi deferet arbore fructum", + "en": "He will confer his rewards upon thy merit and from this tree of thine proffer the first fruit to thee." + }, + { + "id": 1430, + "la": "Unde, precor, meliora putes nec maxima perdas praemia detestando tuis bona fontibus orta", + "en": "And so, I pray thee, think nobler thoughts and lose not the highest rewards by execrating good things which have their source from thee." + }, + { + "id": 1431, + "la": "non etenim mihi mens vaga, sed neque participantum vita fugax hominum, Lyciae qua scribis in antris Pegaseum vixisse equitem, licet avia multi numine agente colant, clari velut ante sophorum pro studiis musisque suis:", + "en": "For indeed my mind does not wander, nor even does my life flee from intercourse with men'even as thou writest that Pegasus rider lived in Lycian caves1'albeit many dwell in pathless places through Gods leading, just as before them men famous among the sages did for the sake of their learning and their inspiration." + }, + { + "id": 1432, + "la": "ut nunc quoque, castis qui Christum sumpsere animis, agitare frequentant, non inopes animi neque de feritate legentes desertis habitare locis;", + "en": "Even so in these days also, they who with pure hearts have adopted Christ are wont to live'not as beside themselves, nor out of savagery choosing to dwell in desert places;" + }, + { + "id": 1433, + "la": "sed in ardua versi sidera spectantesque deum verique profunda perspicere intenti de vanis libera curis otia amant strepitumque fori rerumque tumultus cunctaque divinis inimica negotia donis, et Christi imperiis et amore salutis, abhorrent speque fideque deum sponsa mercede sequuntur, quam referet certus non desperantibus auctor, si modo non vincant vacuis praesentia rebus, quaeque videt spernat, quae non videt ut mereatur secreta ignitus penetrans caelestia sensus", + "en": "but because'turning their faces to the stars on high, contemplating God, and intent to scan the deep wells of truth'they love repose void of empty cares, and shun the din of public life, the bustle of affairs, and all concerns hostile to the gifts of Heaven both by Christs command and in desire for salvation. By hope and faith these follow God for the pledged reward which he, whose promise cannot fail, will bestow on such as persevere, if only this present life with its vain interests does not prevail, and the fiery perceptions, penetrating to Heavens secret places, scorn what they see to gain what they see not." + }, + { + "id": 1434, + "la": "namque caduca patent nostris, aeterna negantur visibus;", + "en": "For things perishable are open to our sight, the eternal are denied;" + }, + { + "id": 1435, + "la": "et nunc spe sequimur, quod mente videmus, spernentes varias, rerum spectacula, formas et male corporeos bona sollicitantia visus", + "en": "and now in hope we pursue what with the mind we see, scorning the various shapes, the images of things, and the attractions which provoke our natural sight." + }, + { + "id": 1436, + "la": "attamen haec sedisse illis sententia visa est, tota quibus iam lux patuit verique bonique, venturi aeternum saecli et praesentis inane", + "en": "And yet such resolve has been found to lodge in those to whom already is revealed the light of the good and true, the eternity of the world to come and the emptiness of that which is." + }, + { + "id": 1437, + "la": "At mihi, non eadem cui gloria, cur eadem sit fama?", + "en": "But I, who have not the same cause for boasting, why do I bear the same reproach?" + }, + { + "id": 1438, + "la": "fides voti par est, sed amoena colenti, nunc etiam et blanda posito locupletis in acta litoris, unde haec iam tam festinata locorum invidia est?", + "en": "My surety of hope is no less; but since I dwell in pleasant places, and even now abide upon the agreeable shores of a prosperous coast, whence this so premature carping at my abode?" + }, + { + "id": 1439, + "la": "utinam iustus me carpere livor incipiat: Christi sub nomine probra placebunt", + "en": "I would that jealousy with good grounds may begin to pluck at me: bearing the name of Christ I shall welcome taunts." + }, + { + "id": 1440, + "la": "non patitur tenerum mens numine firma pudorem, et laus hic contempta redit mihi iudice Christo", + "en": "A mind strengthened by power divine feels no weak shame, and the praise I here despise is restored to me when Christ is judge." + }, + { + "id": 1441, + "la": "Ne me igitur, venerande parens, his ut male versum increpites studiis neque me vel coniuge carpas vel mentis vitio:", + "en": "Do not, then, chide me, my honoured father, as though I had turned to these pursuits perversely, and do not twit me with my wife or with defect of mind:" + }, + { + "id": 1442, + "la": "non anxia Bellerophontis mens est nec Tanaquil mihi, sed Lucretia coniunx", + "en": "mine is not the perturbed mind of Bellerophon, nor is my wife a Tanaquil but a Lucretia." + }, + { + "id": 1443, + "la": "nec mihi nunc patrii est, ut visa, oblivio caeli, qui summum suspecto patrem, quem qui colit unum, hic vere memor est caeli", + "en": "Nor am I now forgetful, as thou thinkest, of the heavens neath which my fathers dwelt, seeing that I look up to the all-highest Father, and that whoso worships Him alone he is truly mindful of Heaven." + }, + { + "id": 1444, + "la": "crede ergo, pater, nos nec caeli inmemores nec vivere mentis egentes, humanisque agitare locis", + "en": "Believe then, father, that I am not unmindful of the heavens and do not live distraught in mind, but dwell in a civilized place:" + }, + { + "id": 1445, + "la": "studia ipsa piorum testantur mores hominum;", + "en": "pursuits themselves bear witness to the character of righteous men;" + }, + { + "id": 1446, + "la": "nec enim impia summum gens poterit novisse deum: sint multa locorum, multa hominum studiis inculta, expertia legum, quae regio agresti ritu caret?", + "en": "for an unrighteous race will not be able to know the most high God: granted that much of the country, much of the folk is unimproved and ignorant of laws, yet what tract is without its rustic worship?" + }, + { + "id": 1447, + "la": "aut quid in istis improbitas aliena nocet?", + "en": "Or what offence in them is wickedness common to other parts?" + }, + { + "id": 1448, + "la": "quod tu mihi vastos Vasconiae saltus et ninguida Pyrenaei obicis hospitia, in primo quasi limine fixus Hispanae regionis agam nec sit locus usquam rure vel urbe mihi, summum qua dives in orbem usque patet mersos spectans Hispania soles", + "en": "And yet thou dost taunt me with the woodlands of Vasconia and snowy lodgings in the Pyrenees, as though I live tied down at the very frontier of the whole realm of Spain and have no place of my own anywhere in country or in town, where wealthy Spain outstretched along the worlds boundary watches the suns dip down into the sea." + }, + { + "id": 1449, + "la": "sed fuerit fortuna iugis habitasse latronum, num lare barbarico rigui mutatus in ipsos, inter quos habui, socia feritate colonos?", + "en": "But suppose it had been my lot to dwell amid the hills of brigands, have I become a block in a savages hut, changed into the very serfs amid whom I lived, partaking of their wildness?" + }, + { + "id": 1450, + "la": "non recipit mens pura malum neque levibus haerent inspersae fibris maculae: si Vascone saltu quisquis agit purus sceleris vitam, integer aeque nulla ab inhumano morum contagia ducit hospite", + "en": "A pure heart admits no evil, even as filth spattered upon smooth bristles does not stick: if one without stain of wickedness spends his life in a Vasconian glade, his character, unblemished as before, draws no infection from his hosts barbarity." + }, + { + "id": 1451, + "la": "sed mihi cur sit ab illo nomine crimen, qui diversa colo, ut colui, loca iuncta superbis urbibus et laetis hominum celeberrima cultis?", + "en": "But why am I charged on that account when I dwell, as I have dwelt, in a far different country bordering on splendid cities and thickly covered with mans prosperous tillage?" + }, + { + "id": 1452, + "la": "ac si Vasconicis mihi vita fuisset in oris, cur non more meo potius formata ferinos poneret, in nostros migrans, gens barbara ritus?", + "en": "And if my life had been led on the borders of Vasconia, why should not the savage folk rather have been moulded after my mode of life, laying aside their barbarous customs to come over to our own?" + }, + { + "id": 1453, + "la": "Nam quod in eversis habitacula ponis Hibera urbibus et deserta tuo legis oppida versu montanamque mihi Calagorrim et Birbilim acutis pendentem scopulis collemque iacentis Hilerdae exprobras, velut his habitem laris exul et urbis extra hominum tecta atque vias;", + "en": "For whereas thou dost fix my Spanish dwelling-place in ruined cities, traversing in thy verse desolate towns, and castest in my teeth mountain Calahorra, Bambola hanging from its jagged crags, and Lerida prostrate on its hill-side'as though, an exile from home and city, I were dwelling in these far from the dwellings and highways of men;" + }, + { + "id": 1454, + "la": "'an credis Hiberae has telluris opes, Hispani nescius orbis, quo gravis ille poli sub pondere constitit Atlans, ultima nunc eius mons portio metaque terrae, discludit bimarem celso qui vertice Calpen?", + "en": "dost thou believe these are the resources of the Iberian land, ignorant of the Spanish world where laden Atlas took his stand beneath the load of Heaven, he whose mountain, now the furthest fragment and boundary of the earth, shuts out with its lofty peak Calpe that lies betwixt two seas?" + }, + { + "id": 1455, + "la": "Birbilis huic tantum, Calagorris, Hilerda notantur, Caesarea est Augusta cui, Barcinus amoena et capite insigni despectans Tarraco pontum?", + "en": "Are only Bambola, Calahorra, Lerida, placed to the credit of this land which has its Saragossa, pleasant Barcelona, and Tarragona looking from majestic heights down to the sea?" + }, + { + "id": 1456, + "la": "Quid numerem egregias terris et moenibus urbes, quas geminum felix Hispania tendit in aequor, qua Betis Oceanum Tyrrhenumque auget Hiberus, lataque distantis pelagi divortia conplet, orbe suo finem ponens in limite mundi?", + "en": "What need for me to tell over the cities, distinguished for their territories and walls which prosperous Spain thrusts forth between two seas; where Betis1 swells the Atlantic, Hiberus2 the Tuscan sea'Spain whose compass occupies the wide intervening tract which parts main from main, setting its bounds at the extreme verge of the world?" + }, + { + "id": 1457, + "la": "anne tibi, o domine inlustris, si scribere sit mens, qua regione habites, placeat reticere nitentem Burdigalam et piceos malis describere Boios?", + "en": "If thou, O famous master, wert minded to describe the region where thou dwellest, wouldst thou be content to leave unnamed cheerful Bordeaux preferring to write of the pitchy Boii3?" + }, + { + "id": 1458, + "la": "cumque Maroialicis tua prodigis otia thermis inter et umbrosos donas tibi vivere lucos, laeta locis et mira colens habitacula tectis:", + "en": "And when thou bestowest thy leisure on the hot springs of Maroialum4 and permittest thyself to live amid shady groves, dwelling amid cheerful scenery and habitations marvellously built," + }, + { + "id": 1459, + "la": "nigrantesne casas et texta mapalia culmo dignaque pellitis habitas deserta Bigerris?", + "en": "dost thou inhabit murky hovels and cabins of twisted straw amid a wilderness fit for the skin-clad natives of Bigorre?" + }, + { + "id": 1460, + "la": "quique superba tuae contemnis moenia Romae consul, arenosas non dedignare Vasatas?", + "en": "Dost thou, a consul, scorn the proud walls of thine own Rome while not disdaining Bazas amid its sand hills?" + }, + { + "id": 1461, + "la": "vel quia Pictonicis tibi fertile rus viret arvis, Raraunum Ausonias heu devenisse curules conquerar, et trabeam veteri sordescere fano;", + "en": "Or because the fertile country and green fields of Poiteau are about thee, shall I lament that the Ausonian consulate'alas!' has sunk to the level of Raraunum, and that the official robe grows shabby in some mouldering shrine;" + }, + { + "id": 1462, + "la": "quae tamen augusta Latiaris in urbe Quirini Caesareas inter parili titulo palmatas fulget inadtrito longum venerabilis auro, florentem retinens meriti vivacis honorem", + "en": "whereas in fact it hangs in the renowned city of Roman Quirinus along with the imperial palm-broidered robes, trophies of like distinction, there gleaming, long venerable, with unfrayed gold, keeping fresh the glorious bloom of thy deathless achievement?" + }, + { + "id": 1463, + "la": "aut cum Lucani retineris culmine fundi, aemula Romuleis habitans fastigia tectis, materiam praebente loco, qui proxima signat, in Condatino diceris degere vico?", + "en": "Or when thou art lodged under the roof of Lucanus,1 thy country house, inhabiting a pile vying with the halls of Rome, shall we take the pretext afforded by the place which gives its name to the vicinity, saying thou dwellest in the hamlet of Condate2?" + }, + { + "id": 1464, + "la": "Multa iocis pateant, liceat quoque ludere fictis;", + "en": "Let much admit of jests, let sportive fiction also be allowed;" + }, + { + "id": 1465, + "la": "sed lingua mulcente gravem interlidere dentem, ludere blanditiis urentibus et male dulces fermentare iocos satirae mordacis aceto saepe poetarum, numquam decet esse parentum", + "en": "but with a smooth tongue to strike against an aching tooth, to sport with stinging compliments, and to season jests ill-relished with the vinegar of tart satire, oft befits a poet, never a father." + }, + { + "id": 1466, + "la": "namque fides pietasque petunt, ut, quod mala nectens insinuat castis fama auribus, hoc bona voti mens patris adfigi fixumque haerescere cordi non sinat", + "en": "For loyalty and natural affection demand that what slander-spinning Rumour instils into guileless ears, that the good-hoping mind of a father should not suffer to take hold and gain firm lodgment in the heart." + }, + { + "id": 1467, + "la": "et vulgus scaevo rumore malignum ante habitos mores, non semper flectere vitam crimen habet: namque est laudi bene vertere", + "en": "Even the common herd, malignant in its brutal sneers towards habits formerly observed, does not always hold it crime to alter ones life: for to alter wisely is accounted praise." + }, + { + "id": 1468, + "la": "cum me inmutatum audis, studium officiumque require", + "en": "When thou hearest I am changed, ask what is my pursuit and my business." + }, + { + "id": 1469, + "la": "si pravo rectum, si relligiosa profanis, luxurie parcum, turpi mutatur honestum, segnis, iners, obscurus ago, miserere sodalis in mala perversi:", + "en": "If tis a change from right to wrong, from godliness to wickedness, from temperance to luxury, from honour to baseness, if I live slothf I, sluggish, ignoble, take pity on a comrade strayed into evil;" + }, + { + "id": 1470, + "la": "blandum licet ira parentem excitet, ut lapsurn rectis instauret amicum moribus et monitu reparet meliora severo", + "en": "a gentle father well may be stirred with anger to restore a fallen friend to right living and by stern reproof to bring him back to better things." + }, + { + "id": 1471, + "la": "At si forte itidem, quod legi et quod sequor, audis, corda pio vovisse deo venerabile Christi imperium docili pro credulitate sequentem, persuasumque dei monitis aeterna parari praemia mortali damnis praesentibus empta, non reor id sancto sic displicuisse parenti, mentis ut errorem credat sic vivere Christo, ut Christus sanxit", + "en": "But if perchance thou dost likewise hear'and tis what I have chosen and what I pursue'that I have vowed my heart to our holy God, following in accord with obedient belief the awful behest of Christ, and that I am convinced by Gods word that deathless rewards are laid up for man, purchased by present loss, that, methinks, has not so displeased my revered father that he thinks it a perversion of the mind so to live for Christ as Christ appointed." + }, + { + "id": 1472, + "la": "iuvat hoc nec paenitet huius erroris", + "en": "This is my delight, and this perversion I regret not." + }, + { + "id": 1473, + "la": "stultus diversa sequentibus esse nil moror, aeterno mea dum sententia regi sit sapiens", + "en": "That I am foolish in the eyes of those who follow other aims gives me no pause, if only in sight of the eternal King my opinion be wise." + }, + { + "id": 1474, + "la": "breve, quidquid homo est, homo corporis aegri, temporis occidui et sine Christo pulvis et umbra: quod probat aut damnat tanti est, quanti arbiter ipse", + "en": "A short-lived thing is man at best, man with his frail body and passing season, dust and a shadow without Christ: his praise and blame are so much worth as the arbiter himself" + }, + { + "id": 1475, + "la": "ipse obit atque illi suus est comitabilis error cumque suo moriens sententia iudice transit", + "en": "Himself he perishes and his own mistake must bear him company, and with the judge who pronounced it a verdict dies and passes." + }, + { + "id": 1476, + "la": "Et nisi, dum tempus praesens datur, anxia nobis cura sit ad domini praeceptum vivere Christi, sera erit exutis homini querimonia membris, dum levia humanae metuit convicia linguae, non timuisse graves divini iudicis iras;", + "en": "And unless, while this present time is granted, we take careful heed to live according to the command of Christ our Lord, too late, when man has put off his mortal frame, will be his complaint that while he feared the light rebuke of human tongues, he feared not the severe wrath of the Heavenly Judge." + }, + { + "id": 1477, + "la": "quem patris aeterni solio dextraque sedentem, omnibus impositum regem et labentibus annis venturum, ut cunctas aequato examine gentes iudicet et variis referat sua praemia gestis, credo equidem et metuens studio properante laboro, si qua datur, ne morte prius quam crimine solvar", + "en": "And that He sitteth on the throne at the right hand of the eternal Father, that He is set over all as king, and that as years roll away He will come to try all races with even-balanced judgment, and bestow due rewards upon their several deeds, I for my part believe, and, fearing, toil with restless zeal that, if so it may be, I be not cut off by death ere I am cut off from sin." + }, + { + "id": 1478, + "la": "Huius in adventum trepidis mihi credula fibris corda tremunt gestitque anima id iam cauta futuri, praemetuens, ne vincta aegris pro corpore curis ponderibusque gravis rerum, si forte recluso increpitet tuba vasta polo, non possit in auras regis ad occursum levibus se tollere pinnis, inter honora volans sanctorum milia caelo, qui per inane levis neque mundi conpede vinctos ardua in astra pedes facili molimine tollent et teneris vecti per sidera nubibus ibunt, caelestem ut medio venerentur in aere regem claraque adorato coniungant agmina Christo", + "en": "Against His coming my believing heart trembles with fluttering strings and my soul, even now aware of what shall be, quakes with foreboding lest, shackled with paltry cares for the body and weighted with a load of business, if perchance the awful trump should peal from the opened heaven, it should fail to raise itself on light pinions into the air to meet the Lord,1 flitting in Heaven amid glorified thousands of the saints, who through the void up to the stars on high shall with unlaborious effort uplift light feet, unshackled with the worlds fetters, and wafted on soft clouds shall pass amid the stars to worship the Heavenly King in mid air and join their glorious companies with Christ whom they adore." + }, + { + "id": 1479, + "la": "Hic metus est, labor iste, dies ne me ultimus atris sopitum tenebris sterili deprendat in actu, tempora sub vacuis ducentem perdita curis", + "en": "This is my fear, this my task, that the Last Day overtake me not asleep in the black darkness of profitless pursuits, spending wasted time amid empty cares." + }, + { + "id": 1480, + "la": "nam quid agam, lentis si, dum coniveo votis, Christus ab aetheria mihi proditus arce coruscet et, subitis domini caelo venientis aperto praestrictus radiis, obscurae tristia noctis suffugia inlato confusus lumine quaeram?", + "en": "For what shall I do if, while I drowse amid sluggish hopes, Christ, disclosed to me from his heavenly citadel, should flash forth, and I, dazzled by the sudden beams of my Lord coming from opened Heaven, should seek the doleful refuge of murky night, confounded by the oerwhelming light?" + }, + { + "id": 1481, + "la": "Quod mihi ne pareret vel diffidentia veri, vel praesentis amor vitae rerumque voluptas curarumque labor, placuit praevertere casus proposito et curas finire superstite vita communemque adeo ventura in saecula rebus expectare trucem securo pectore mortem", + "en": "Wherefore, that neither doubt of the truth, nor love of this present life with delight in worldly things and anxious toil should bring this on me, I am resolved to forestall calamity by my plan of life, to end anxieties while life remains, awaiting with untroubled heart fierce Death, the general doom of things for ages yet to come." + }, + { + "id": 1482, + "la": "Si placet hoc, gratare tui spe divite amici: si contra est, Christo tantum me linque probari", + "en": "If this thou dost approve, rejoice in thy friends rich hope: if otherwise, leave me to be approved by Christ alone." + }, + { + "id": 1483, + "la": "Omnipotens genitor rerum, cui summa potestas, exaudi, si iusta precor ne sit mihi tristis ulla dies, placidam nox rumpat nulla quietem", + "en": "Almighty Father of all things, to whom supreme power belongs, hear, if I pray aright. Let no day be passed by me in sadness, no night disturb my calm repose." + }, + { + "id": 1484, + "la": "nec placeant aliena mihi, quin et mea prosint supplicibus nullusque habeat mihi vota nocendi aut habeat nocitura mihi", + "en": "Let others goods not attract me, but rather let my own avail such as implore my aid: may none have a wish to hurt me or the means to hurt me." + }, + { + "id": 1485, + "la": "male velle facultas nulla sit ac bene posse adsit tranquilla potestas", + "en": "Let me have no occasion to will ill and let the unruffled power to do well be with me." + }, + { + "id": 1486, + "la": "mens contenta suo nec turpi dedita lucro vincat corporeas casto bene conscia lecto inlecebras, turpesque iocos obscenaque dicta oderit illa nocens et multum grata malignis auribus effuso semper rea lingua veneno", + "en": "Let my mind, content with its own and not given to base gains, overcome bodily enticements keeping the conscience of chaste conduct. Let that offending member, the ever-guilty tongue, well-pleasing to malicious ears for the poison it sheds, hate lewd jesting and unseemly words." + }, + { + "id": 1487, + "la": "non obitu adfligar cuiusquam aut funere crescam, invideam numquam cuiquam nec mentiar umquam", + "en": "Let me not be overcome by any mans decease, nor prosper through the death of any; let me never envy any man nor ever tell a lie." + }, + { + "id": 1488, + "la": "adsit laeta domus epulisque adludat inemptis verna satur fidusque comes nitidusque minister, morigera et coniunx caraque ex coniuge nati", + "en": "Be mine a cheerful home, and at my unpurchased1 repasts may a well-fed slave bred in my house, my trusty comrade and prosperous henchman, serve blithely; and mine an obedient wife with children born of my dear wife." + }, + { + "id": 1489, + "la": "Moribus haec castis tribuit deus: hi sibi mores perpetuam spondent ventura in saecula vitam", + "en": "Upon pure conduct God bestows such gifts: such conduct assures itself of life unending against the world to come." + }, + { + "id": 1490, + "la": "Iniuria quidem est patri familias maritimis deliciis abundanti terrenum aliquid et agreste praebere;", + "en": "It is an insult to present a man of standing who has plenty of sea dainties with anything derived from the land and country-side." + }, + { + "id": 1491, + "la": "sed ego, ut et causa mihi esset aput unanimitatem tuam aliquid conloquendi et aliquod sermoni huic obsequium viderer adiungere, pauculas de paucissimis, quas pueruli vespere inferunt, ficedulas misi", + "en": "But, that I might have excuse for some converse with you, my bosom friend, and to make a show of accompanying these words of mine with some token of respect, I am sending a poor few of the very few fig-peckers which my lads bring home of an evening." + }, + { + "id": 1492, + "la": "quarum cum erubescerem paucitatem, plura etiam versiculis verba subtexui, quasi vero numerum loquacitate facturus", + "en": "And since I blush for their small number, I added on more words to my verses, as though indeed I could increase their number by my chatter." + }, + { + "id": 1493, + "la": "sed quia utraque culpabilia sunt, tu utrisque benigne ac familiariter ignoscendo facies,", + "en": "But since both alike are open to criticism, you will do a kind and friendly action by pardoning both," + }, + { + "id": 1494, + "la": "ut nec inhumana videatur paucitas nec odiosa garrulitas", + "en": "so as to make the fewness of the birds not appear mean, and my wordiness not tiresome." + }, + { + "id": 1495, + "la": "Sume igitur pastas dumoso in rure volucres, quas latitans filicis sub tegmine callidus auceps, dum simili mentitur aves fallitque susurro, agmina viscatis suspendit credula virgis", + "en": "Take, then, these fowl fed in the thickets of the country-side, which the cunning fowler, lurking beneath a screen of bracken, while he beguiles and decoys birds with a call like their own, has taken hanging on his limed twigs'a silly tribe." + }, + { + "id": 1496, + "la": "tunc referens tenuem non parvo munere praedam digerit aucupium tabulis: et primus opimis ordo nitet, sensim tenuatus ad ima tabellae", + "en": "Then, bringing home his light prey of no slight price, he sets out the catch upon his stall: and the array makes goodly show of prime birds in front gradually thinning out towards the back of the counter." + }, + { + "id": 1497, + "la": "ut minus offendat macies, praelata saginae gratia praeventos pingui iuvat alite visus", + "en": "That the more skinny may not displease, the fat birds with their attractive plumpness hold the foremost place, forestalling and delighting the gaze." + }, + { + "id": 1498, + "la": "Pauperis ut placeat carum tibi munus amici, munera ne reputes, quae mittis ditia nobis", + "en": "That thy poor friends loving gift may find favour with thee, think not on the rich gifts which thou sendest me." + }, + { + "id": 1499, + "la": "nam tibi quid dignum referam pro piscibus illis, quos tibi vicinum locupleti gurgite litus suppeditat miros specie formaque diremptos?", + "en": "For what fit return can I make thee for those fish which the neighbouring shore supplies thee from its teeming pools, so wondrous in appearance, so diverse in shape?" + }, + { + "id": 1500, + "la": "at mihi vix alto vada per saxosa profundo rarus in obscura generatur sphondylus alga", + "en": "But for me in the deep pools amid the rocky shallows only a few shell-fish are bred among the dark seaweed." + }, + { + "id": 1501, + "la": "hinc te participans bis quinque et bis tibi ternas transmisi aequoreo redolentes nectare testas, quas viscus praedulce replet bicolore medulla", + "en": "Of these I give thee a share sending across to thee twice five and twice three shells smelling of the seas fragrance, filled with delicious meat and substance of double hue." + }, + { + "id": 1502, + "la": "Oro libens sumas, nec vilia dedigneris, quae sunt parva modum magno metitus amore", + "en": "I pray thee accept them gracefully and despise them not as little worth: if they are few, use great love in measuring their quantity." + }, + { + "id": 1503, + "la": "Redite sursum flumina! investigatum ferre dolo leporem quae tantae tenuere morae rumore sub omni?", + "en": "Ye rivers, backwards return! To carry off a hare tracked down by craft. What things have kept thee lingering so long, while Rumour is rife?" + }, + { + "id": 1504, + "la": "Prima urbes inter, divum domus, aurea Roma", + "en": "First among cities, the home of gods, is golden Rome." + }, + { + "id": 1505, + "la": "Constantinopoli adsurgit Carthago priori, non toto cessura gradu, quia tertia dici fastidit, non ausa locum sperare secundum, qui fuit ambarum", + "en": "Carthage yields precedence in rank to Constantinople, but will not stand a full step lower; for she scorns to be counted third, yet dares not hope for the second place, which both have held." + }, + { + "id": 1506, + "la": "vetus hanc opulentia praefert, hanc fortuna recens;", + "en": "One has the advantage in her ancient wealth, the other in her new-born prosperity:" + }, + { + "id": 1507, + "la": "fuit haec, subit ista novisque excellens meritis veterem praestringit honorem et Constantino concedere cogit Elissam", + "en": "the one has seen her day, the other is now rising and by the loftiness of new achievements eclipses old-time renown, forcing Elissa to give place to Constantine." + }, + { + "id": 1508, + "la": "accusat Carthago deos iam plena pudoris, nunc quoque si cedat, Romam vix passa priorem", + "en": "Carthage reproaches Heaven, now fully shamed if this time also she must give place who scarcely brooked the pre-eminence of Rome." + }, + { + "id": 1509, + "la": "Conponat vestros fortuna antiqua tumores", + "en": "Let your earlier conditions reconcile your jealousies." + }, + { + "id": 1510, + "la": "ite pares, tandem memores, quod numine divum angustas mutastis opes et nomina:", + "en": "Go forward equal, mindful at length that twas through Heavens power ye changed your narrow fortunes and your names;" + }, + { + "id": 1511, + "la": "tu cum Byzantina Lygos, tu Punica Byrsa fuisti", + "en": "thou, when thou wast Byzantine Lygos1; and thou, Punic Byrsa." + }, + { + "id": 1512, + "la": "Tertia Phoebeae lauri domus Antiochia, vellet Alexandri si quarta colonia poni: ambarum locus unus", + "en": "Third would be Antioch, the home of Phoebus laurel,1 if Alexanders settlement were willing to be placed fourth: both hold the same rank." + }, + { + "id": 1513, + "la": "et has furor ambitionis in certamen agit vitiorum: turbida vulgo utraque et amentis populi male sana tumultu", + "en": "These also doth frenzied ambition drive into rivalry of vices: each is disordered with her mob, and half-crazed with the riots of her frantic populace." + }, + { + "id": 1514, + "la": "haec Nilo munita quod est penitusque repostis insinuata locis, fecunda et tuta superbit, illa, quod infidis opponitur aemula Persis", + "en": "This, fertile and secure, vaunts herself because she has the Nile for bulwark and is deep-embayed in her sheltered site; that, because her rival power confronts the faithless Persians." + }, + { + "id": 1515, + "la": "Et vos ite pares Macetumque adtollite nomen", + "en": "Ye, too, go forward equal and uphold the Macedonian name." + }, + { + "id": 1516, + "la": "magnus Alexander te condidit; illa Seleucum nuncupat, ingenuum cuius fuit ancora signum, qualis inusta solet, generis nota certa;", + "en": "Great Alexander founded thee; while she claims that Seleucus whose birthmark was an anchor,2 whereof the branded likeness is wont to be the sure token of his race;" + }, + { + "id": 1517, + "la": "per omnem nam subolis seriem nativa cucurrit imago", + "en": "for through his whole succeeding line this natal sign has run." + }, + { + "id": 1518, + "la": "Armipotens dudum celebrari Gallia gestit Trevericaeque urbis solium, quae proxima Rheno pacis ut in mediae gremio secura quiescit, imperii vires quod alit, quod vestit et armat", + "en": "Long has Gaul, mighty in arms, yearned to be praised, and that royal3 city of the Treveri, which, though full near the Rhine, reposes unalarmed as if in the bosom of deep profound peace, because she feeds, because she clothes and arms the forces of the Empire." + }, + { + "id": 1519, + "la": "lata per extentum procurrunt moenia collem: largus tranquillo praelabitur amne Mosella, longinqua omnigenae vectans conmercia terrae", + "en": "Widely her walls stretch forward over a spreading hill; beside her bounteous Moselle glides past with peaceful stream, carrying the far-brought merchandise of all races of the earth." + }, + { + "id": 1520, + "la": "Et Mediolani mira omnia, copia rerum, innumerae cultaeque domus, facunda virorum ingenia et mores laeti;", + "en": "At Milan also are all things wonderful, abundant wealth, countless stately houses, men able, eloquent, and cheerfully disposed;" + }, + { + "id": 1521, + "la": "tum duplice muro amplificata loci species populique voluptas circus et inclusi moles cuneata theatri;", + "en": "besides, there is the grandeur of the site enlarged by a double wall,1 the Circus, her peoples joy, the massy enclosed Theatre with wedge-like blocks of seats," + }, + { + "id": 1522, + "la": "templa Palatinaeque arces opulensque moneta et regio Herculei celebris sub honore Iavacri;", + "en": "the temples, the imperial citadels, the wealthy Mint, and the quarter renowned under the title of the Baths of Herculeus;2" + }, + { + "id": 1523, + "la": "cunctaque marmoreis ornata peristyla signis moeniaque in valli formam circumdata limbo:", + "en": "her colonnades all adorned with marble statuary, her walls piled like an earthen rampart round the citys edge:'" + }, + { + "id": 1524, + "la": "omnia quae magnis operum velut aemula formis excellunt: nec iuncta premit vicinia Romae", + "en": "all these, as it were rivals in the vast masses of their workmanship, are passing grand; nor does the near neighbourhood of Rome abase them." + }, + { + "id": 1525, + "la": "Nec Capuam pol agri cultuque penuque potentem, deliciis, opibus famaque priore silebo, fortuna variante vices, quae freta secundis nescivit servare modum", + "en": "Nor, certes, shall I leave unsung Capua, mighty in tillage of fields and in fruits, in luxury, in wealth, and in earlier renown, who, despite Fortunes changing haps, relied on her prosperity and knew not how to keep the mean." + }, + { + "id": 1526, + "la": "nunc subdita Romae aemula, nunc fidei memor;", + "en": "Now she, once rival, is subject to Rome; now she keeps faith," + }, + { + "id": 1527, + "la": "ante infida, senatum sperneret, an coleret dubitans, sperare curules Campanis ausa auspiciis unoque suorum consule, ut imperium divisi adtolleret orbis", + "en": "once faithless'when, at a stand whether to flout or court the Senate, she dared to hope for magistrates chosen under Campanian auspices, and that with one consul from among her sons she might take up the empire over half the globe.1" + }, + { + "id": 1528, + "la": "quin etiam rerum dominam Latiique parentem adpetiit bello, ducibus non freta togatis", + "en": "Nay, and she attacked the mistress of the world, the mother of Latium, trusting not in leaders who wore the toga." + }, + { + "id": 1529, + "la": "Hannibalis iurata armis deceptaque in hostis servitium demens specie transivit erili", + "en": "Sworn to Hannibals allegiance, she, the beguiled, the seeming mistress, passed in her folly into slavery to a foe." + }, + { + "id": 1530, + "la": "mox'ut in occasum vitiis communibus acti conruerunt Poeni luxu, Campania fasto, (heu numquam stabilem sortita superbia sedem!)' illa potens opibusque valens, Roma altera quondam, comere quae paribus potuit fastigia conis, octavum reiecta locum vix paene tuetur", + "en": "Thereafter'when they were driven to their fall by the failings of them both, and came to ruin, the Carthaginians through luxury, the Campanians through pride (ah, never does arrogance find a firmfixed throne!)'that city with her power and might of wealth, a second Rome once, who could rear her crest as high, is thrust backwards and scarce can manage to keep the eighth place." + }, + { + "id": 1531, + "la": "Non erat iste locus: merito tamen aucta recenti, nona inter claras Aquileia cieberis urbes, Itala ad Illyricos obiecta colonia montes, moenibus et portu celeberrima", + "en": "This was not thy place; yet, raised by late deserts, thou shalt be named ninth among famous cities, O Aquileia, colony of Italy, facing toward the mountains of Illyria and highly famed for walls and harbour." + }, + { + "id": 1532, + "la": "sed magis illud eminet, extremo quod te sub tempore legit, solveret exacto cui sera piacula lustro Maximus, armigeri quondam sub nomine lixa", + "en": "But herein is greater praise, that in these last days Maximus,2 the whilom sutler posing as a captain, chose thee to receive his late expiation after five full years were spent." + }, + { + "id": 1533, + "la": "felix, quae tanti spectatrix laeta triumphi punisti Ausonio Rutupinum Marte latronem", + "en": "Happy thou who, as the glad witness of so great a triumph, didst punish with western arms the brigand of Rutupiae" + }, + { + "id": 1534, + "la": "Pande, duplex Arelate, tuos blanda hospita portus, Gallula Roma Arelas, quam Narbo Martius et quam accolit Alpinis opulenta Vienna colonis, praecipitis Rhodani sic intercisa fluentis, ut mediam facias navali ponte plateam, per quem Romani commercia suscipis orbis nec cohibes, populosque alios et moenia ditas, Gallia quis fruitur gremioque Aquitania lato", + "en": "Open thy havens with a gracious welcome, two-fold1 Arelate'Arelas, the little Rome of Gaul, to whom Martian2 Narbonne, to whom Vienne, rich in Alpine peasantry,3 is neighbour'divided by the streams of headlong Rhone in such wise that thou makst a bridge of boats thy central street,4 whereby thou gatherest the merchandize of the Roman world and scatterest it, enriching other peoples and the towns which Gaul and Aquitaine treasure in their wide bosoms." + }, + { + "id": 1535, + "la": "Cara mihi post has memorabere, nomen Hiberum, Hispalis, aequoreus quam praeterlabitur amnis, submittit cui tota suos Hispania fasces", + "en": "After these thou shalt be told, beloved Hispalis,5 name Iberian, by whom glides a river6 like the sea, to whom all Spain subjects her magistrates.7" + }, + { + "id": 1536, + "la": "Corduba non, non arce potens tibi Tarraco certat quaeque sinu pelagi iactat se Bracara dives", + "en": "Not Cordova, not Tarragona with its strong citadel contends with you, nor wealthy Braga, lying proudly in her bay beside the sea." + }, + { + "id": 1537, + "la": "Nunc et terrigenis patribus memoremus Athenas, Pallados et Consi quondam certaminis arcem, paciferae primum cui contigit arbor olivae, Attica facundae cuius mera gloria linguae, unde per Ioniae populos et nomen Achaeum versa Graia manus centum se effudit in urbes", + "en": "Now also let us tell of Athens with her earth-born fathers,8 the stronghold for which Pallas and Consus9 once contended'of her to whom the peace-bearing olive tree first belonged, whose is the unmixed glory of the fluent Attic tongue, from whom went abroad a Grecian band and throughout the peoples of Ionia and the Achaean race poured into a hundred cities.1" + }, + { + "id": 1538, + "la": "Quis Catinam sileat? quis quadruplices Syracusas?", + "en": "Who would not tell of Catana? Who not, of fourfold2 Syracuse?'" + }, + { + "id": 1539, + "la": "hanc ambustorum fratrum pietate celebrem, illam conplexam miracula fontis et amnis, qua maris Ionii subter vada salsa meantes consociant dulces placita sibi sede liquores, incorruptarum miscentes oscula aquarum", + "en": "the one renowned for the devotion of the fire-scathed brethren,3 the other enfolding the marvellous fount and river,4 where, flowing beneath the salt waves of the Ionian Sea, they join in fellowship their sweet waters in the abode which pleases them'exchanging there the kisses of their waters untainted by the brine." + }, + { + "id": 1540, + "la": "Non umquam altricem nostri reticebo Tolosam, coctilibus muris quam circuit ambitus ingens perque latus pulchro praelabitur amne Garumna innumeris cultam populis, confinia propter ninguida Pyrenes et pinea Cebennarum, inter Aquitanas gentes et nomen Hiberum", + "en": "Never will I leave unmentioned Toulouse, my nursing-mother, who is girt about with a vast circuit of brick-built walls, along whose side the lovely stream of the Garonne glides past, home of uncounted people, lying hard by the barriers of the snowy Pyrenees and the pine-clad Cevennes between the tribes of Aquitaine and the Iberian folk." + }, + { + "id": 1541, + "la": "quae modo quadruplices ex se cum effuderit urbes, non ulla exhaustae sentit dispendia plebis, quos genuit cunctos gremio conplexa colonos", + "en": "Though lately she has poured forth from her womb four several cities, she feels no loss of her drained populace, enfolding in her bosom all whom she has brought forth, though emigrants.5" + }, + { + "id": 1542, + "la": "Nec tu, Martie Narbo, silebere, nomine cuius fusa per inmensum quondam Provincia regnum optinuit multos dominandi iure colonos", + "en": "Nor shalt thou be unsung, Martian1 Narbonne, who gavst thy name to that Province (Provence) which once spread over a vast realm and held sovereign sway over its numerous inhabitants." + }, + { + "id": 1543, + "la": "insinuant qua se Grais Allobroges oris excluduntque Italos Alpina cacumina fines, qua Pyrenaicis nivibus dirimuntur Hiberi, qua rapitur praeceps Rhodanus genitore Lemanno interiusque premunt Aquitanica rura Cebennae, usque in Teutosagos paganaque nomina Belcas, totum Narbo fuit:", + "en": "Where the Allobroges encroach upon the Graian borders and Alpine peaks shut out Italy, where the Iberians are parted from thee by Pyrenaean snows, where Rhone sweeps headlong from his sire Leman, and the Cevennes thrust deep into the plains of Aquitaine, right on to the Teutosagi and Belcae,2 rustic folk,'all was Narbonne:" + }, + { + "id": 1544, + "la": "tu Gallia prima togati nominis adtollis Latio proconsule fasces", + "en": "thou in all Gaul wast first to display the insignia of the Roman race under an Italian proconsul.3" + }, + { + "id": 1545, + "la": "Quid memorem portusque tuos montesque la cusque?", + "en": "What shall I say of thy harbours, mountains, lakes?" + }, + { + "id": 1546, + "la": "quid populos vario discrimine vestis et oris?", + "en": "What of thy peoples with their varied differences of garb and speech?" + }, + { + "id": 1547, + "la": "quodque tibi Pario quondam de marmore templum tantae molis erat, quantam non sperneret olim Tarquinius Catulusque iterum, postremus et ille, aurea qui statuit Capitoli culmina, Caesar?", + "en": "Or of the temple of Parian marble, once thine, so vast in bulk that old Tarquin, the first builder,4 would not scorn it, nor Catulus5 the second, nor he who last raised the golden roofs of the Capitol, Caesar himself?6" + }, + { + "id": 1548, + "la": "te maris Eoi merces et Hiberica ditant aequora, te classes Libyci Siculique profundi, et quidquid vario per flumina, per freta cursu advehitur: toto tibi navigat orbe cataplus", + "en": "Thee the merchandise of the eastern sea and Spanish main enrich, thee the fleets of the Libyan and Sicilian deeps, and all freights which pass by many different routes oer rivers and oer seas: the whole world over no argosy is afloat but for thy sake." + }, + { + "id": 1549, + "la": "Impia iamdudum condemno silentia, quod te, o patria, insignem Baccho fluviisque virisque, moribus ingeniisque hominum procerumque senatu, non inter primas memorem, quasi conscius urbis exiguae inmeritas dubitem contingere laudes", + "en": "Long have I censured my unduteous silence in that of thee, my country famed for thy wine, thy rivers, thy famous men, the virtue and the wit of thy inhabitants and for the Senate of thy nobles, I did not tell among the foremost; as though, well knowing thee a little town, I shrank from touching1 praises undeserved." + }, + { + "id": 1550, + "la": "non pudor hinc nobis;", + "en": "For this no shame is mine;" + }, + { + "id": 1551, + "la": "nec enim mihi barbara Rheni ora nec arctoo domus est glacialis in Haemo: Burdigala est natale solum;", + "en": "for mine is neither a barbarous land upon the banks of Rhine, nor icy home on frozen Haemus. Bordeaux is my native soil," + }, + { + "id": 1552, + "la": "clementia caeli mitis ubi et riguae larga indulgentia terrae, ver longum brumaeque novo cum sole tepentes aestifluique amnes, quorum iuga vitea subter fervent aequoreos imitata fluenta meatus", + "en": "where are skies temperate and mild, and well-watered land generously lavish; where is long spring, and winters growing warm with the new-born sun, and tidal rivers whose flood foams beneath vine-clad hills, mimicking the seas ebb and flow." + }, + { + "id": 1553, + "la": "quadrua murorum species, sic turribus altis ardua, ut aerias intrent fastigia nubes", + "en": "Her goodly walls four-square raise lofty towers so high that their tops pierce the soaring clouds." + }, + { + "id": 1554, + "la": "distinctas interne vias mirere, domorum dispositum et latas nomen servare plateas, tum respondentes directa in compita portas;", + "en": "Within her, thou mayest marvel at streets clearly laid out, at houses regularly plotted out, at spacious boulevards which uphold their name,2 as also gates facing in direct line the crossways opposite;" + }, + { + "id": 1555, + "la": "per mediumque urbis fontani fluminis alveum, quem pater Oceanus refluo cum impleverit aestu, adlabi totum spectabis classibus aequor", + "en": "and, where the channel of thy spring-fed stream divides the town, soon as old Ocean has filled it with his flowing tide, thou shalt behold a whole sea gliding onward with its fleets.3" + }, + { + "id": 1556, + "la": "Quid memorem Pario contectum marmore fontem Euripi fervere freto?", + "en": "What shall I say of that fountain, oerlaid with Parian marble, which foams in the strait of its Euripus?4" + }, + { + "id": 1557, + "la": "quanta unda profundi!", + "en": "How deep the water!" + }, + { + "id": 1558, + "la": "quantus in amne tumor!", + "en": "How swelling the stream!" + }, + { + "id": 1559, + "la": "quanto ruit agmine praeceps marginis extenti bis sena per ostia cursu, innumeros populi non umquam exhaustus ad usus!", + "en": "How great the volume as it plunges in its headlong course through the twice six sluices in its long-drawn brink, and never fails to meet the peoples countless purposes?" + }, + { + "id": 1560, + "la": "hunc cuperes, rex Mede, tuis contingere castris, flumina consumpto cum defecere meatu, huius fontis aquas peregrinas ferre per urbes, unum per cunctas solitus potare Choaspen", + "en": "This wouldst thou long to reach with thy hosts, King of the Medes, when streams were consumed and rivers failed;1 from this fount to carry waters through strange cities, thou who through them all wast wont to drink Choaspes alone.2" + }, + { + "id": 1561, + "la": "Salve, fons ignote ortu, sacer, alme, perennis, vitree, glauce, profunde, sonore, inlimis, opace", + "en": "Hail, fountain of source unknown,3 holy, gracious, unfailing, crystal-clear, azure, deep, murmurous, shady, and unsullied!" + }, + { + "id": 1562, + "la": "salve, urbis genius, medico potabilis haustu, Divona Celtarum lingua, fons addite divis", + "en": "Hail, guardian deity of our city, of whom we may drink health-giving draughts, named by the Celts Divona,4'a fountain added to the roll divine!" + }, + { + "id": 1563, + "la": "non Aponus potu, vitrea non luce Nemausus purior, aequoreo non plenior amne Timavus", + "en": "Not Aponus in taste, not Nemausus5 in azure sheen is more clear, nor Timavus6 sea-like flood more brimming-full." + }, + { + "id": 1564, + "la": "Hic labor extremus celebres collegerit urbes", + "en": "Let this last task conclude the muster of famous cities." + }, + { + "id": 1565, + "la": "utque caput numeri Roma inclita, sic capite isto Burdigala ancipiti confirmet vertice sedem", + "en": "And as illustrious Rome leads at one end of the rank, so at this end let Bordeaux establish her place, leaving the precedence unsettled." + }, + { + "id": 1566, + "la": "haec patria est: patrias sed Roma supervenit omnes", + "en": "This is my own country; but Rome stands above all countries." + }, + { + "id": 1567, + "la": "diligo Burdigalam, Romam colo;", + "en": "I love Bordeaux, Rome I venerate;" + }, + { + "id": 1568, + "la": "civis in hac sum, consul in ambabus;", + "en": "in this I am a citizen, in both a consul;" + }, + { + "id": 1569, + "la": "cunae hie, ibi sella curulis", + "en": "here was my cradle, there my curule chair." + }, + { + "id": 1570, + "la": "Ignoscenda istaec an cognoscenda rearis, adtento, Drepani, perlege iudicio", + "en": "Read through these lines, Drepanius, needfully judging whether you think they should be pardoned or perused." + }, + { + "id": 1571, + "la": "aequanimus fiam te iudice, sive legenda, sive tegenda putes carmina, quae dedimus", + "en": "With you as judge I shall be content, whether you think the verse I send worth conning or concealing." + }, + { + "id": 1572, + "la": "nam primum est meruisse tuum, Pacate, favorem: proxima defensi cura pudoris erit", + "en": "For my first aim, Pacatus, is to earn your countenance: to defend my modesty shall be my second thought." + }, + { + "id": 1573, + "la": "possum ego censuram lectoris ferre severi et possum modica laude placere mihi:", + "en": "I can bear a stern readers criticism, and I can satisfy myself with a modest meed of praise:" + }, + { + "id": 1574, + "la": "novit equus plausae sonitum cervicis amare, novit et intrepidus verbera lenta pati", + "en": "a horse learns to love the sound of a patted neck, learns also to endure the pliant lash unterrified." + }, + { + "id": 1575, + "la": "Maeonio qualem cultum quaesivit Homero censor Aristarchus normaque Zenodoti!", + "en": "What finish did critic Aristarchus1 and Zenodotus2 with his rules demand in Maeonian Homer!" + }, + { + "id": 1576, + "la": "pone obelos igitur primorum stigmata vatum:", + "en": "Set down your brackets,3 then'brands which distinguish the chiefest bards:" + }, + { + "id": 1577, + "la": "palmas, non culpas esse putabo meas;", + "en": "I will consider them marks of fame, not blame;" + }, + { + "id": 1578, + "la": "et correcta magis quam condemnata vocabo, adponet docti quae mihi lima viri", + "en": "and will call those passages corrected rather than condemned which the polish of a scholars taste shall mark against me." + }, + { + "id": 1579, + "la": "interea arbitrii subiturus pondera tanti optabo, ut placeam; si minus, ut lateam", + "en": "Meanwhile, ere I face a verdict of such weight, I ll hope to impress you; or else myself suppress." + }, + { + "id": 1580, + "la": "Septem sapientes, nomen quibus istud dedit superior aetas nec secuta sustulit, hodie in orchestram palliati prodeunt", + "en": "The Seven Sages, as an earlier age called them'nor has a later withdrawn the title'to-day step forth upon our stage, wearing Grecian cloaks." + }, + { + "id": 1581, + "la": "quid erubescis tu, togate Romule, scaenam quod introibunt tam clari viri?", + "en": "Why do you blush so hotly, toga-clad Roman, because such famous men are to appear upon the stage?" + }, + { + "id": 1582, + "la": "nobis pudendum hoc, non et Atticis quoque: quibus theatrum curiae praebet vicem", + "en": "With us this is a disgrace, but is not so also with men of Greece,1 whose theatre serves them in place of a Senate House." + }, + { + "id": 1583, + "la": "nostris negotis sua loca sortito data: campus comitiis, ut conscriptis curia, forum atque rostra separat ius civium", + "en": "Our proceedings have their own allotted places: the Campus for elections, as the Curia for the Senate, while the privilege of the citizens sets apart the forum and the rostra." + }, + { + "id": 1584, + "la": "una est Athenis atque in omni Graecia ad consulendum publici sedes loci, quam in urbe nostra sero luxus condidit", + "en": "At Athens and everywhere in Greece the only public place for debate3 is that which luxury established in our city at a late date." + }, + { + "id": 1585, + "la": "aedilis olim scaenam tabulatam dabat subito excitatam nulla mole saxea", + "en": "The aedile in old times used to provide a wooden theatre, hastily run up, and not a massive pile of stone." + }, + { + "id": 1586, + "la": "Murena sic et Gallius: nota eloquar", + "en": "That is what Murena and Gallius5 did'I will mention established facts." + }, + { + "id": 1587, + "la": "postquam potentes nec verentes sumptuum nomen perenne crediderunt, si semel constructa moles saxeo fundamine in omne tempus conderet ludis locum:", + "en": "When men, grown powerful and reckless of expense, believed their names would endure for ever if they once raised a massy structure on stone foundations to be a place for shows to all time," + }, + { + "id": 1588, + "la": "cuneata crevit haec theatri inmanitas: Pompeius hanc et Balbus et Caesar dedit Octavianus concertantes sumptibus", + "en": "this immense theatre with its radiating gangways1 came into being: this theatre Pompey and Balbus and Octavianus Caesar2 gave us, vying with each other in their outlay." + }, + { + "id": 1589, + "la": "sed quid ego istaec?", + "en": "But what have I to do with all this?" + }, + { + "id": 1590, + "la": "non hac de causa huc prodii, ut expedirem, quis theatra, quis forum, quis condidisset privas partes moenium:", + "en": "I am not come forward on this stage to explain who built theatres, or forums, or separate bits of our walls," + }, + { + "id": 1591, + "la": "set ut verendos disque laudatos viros praegrederer aperiremque, quid vellent sibi", + "en": "but to prepare the way for men worthy of reverence and approved by the gods, and to reveal what their purpose is." + }, + { + "id": 1592, + "la": "Pronuntiare suas solent sententias, quas quisque iam prudentium anteverterit", + "en": "Their usage is to deliver their own sayings, each that which he in his wisdom first hit upon." + }, + { + "id": 1593, + "la": "scitis profecto, quae sint;", + "en": "You know, of course, what these are;" + }, + { + "id": 1594, + "la": "set si memoria rebus vetustis claudit, veniet ludius edissertator harum, quas teneo minus", + "en": "but if Memory limps among ancient matters, Chorus3 will come fully to explain these sayings on which I have too slight a grip." + }, + { + "id": 1595, + "la": "Delphis Solonem scripse fama est Atticum , quod Latinum est: nosce te", + "en": "Tis said that Attic Solon wrote at Delphi ' , which in our tongue is Know thyself." + }, + { + "id": 1596, + "la": "multi hoc Laconis esse Chilonis putant", + "en": "Many think this to be by Chilon the Laconian." + }, + { + "id": 1597, + "la": "Spartane Chilon, sit tuum necne, ambigunt, quod iuxta fertur, , finem intueri longae vitae qui iubes", + "en": "Spartan Chilon, tis disputed whether the saw which comes next is yours or no, 'wherein you bid us mark the ending of a long life." + }, + { + "id": 1598, + "la": "multi hoc Solonem dixe Croeso existimant", + "en": "Many consider that Solon said this to Croesus." + }, + { + "id": 1599, + "la": "et Pittacum dixisse fama est Lesbium : tempus ut noris, iubet", + "en": "And tis reported that Lesbian Pittacus4 said ': he bids you know the time." + }, + { + "id": 1600, + "la": "set iste tempestivum tempus est", + "en": "But this means the timely time." + }, + { + "id": 1601, + "la": "Bias Prieneus dixit , quod est Latinum, plures hominum sunt mali;", + "en": "Bias of Priene said which is translated most men are bad;" + }, + { + "id": 1602, + "la": "set inperitos scito, quos dixit malos", + "en": "but know that they are uncultured whom he called bad." + }, + { + "id": 1603, + "la": ", Periandri id est Corinthii, meditationem posse totum qui putat", + "en": "M tis the saw of Periander the Corinthian,1 who considers that careful thought can achieve the whole." + }, + { + "id": 1604, + "la": "o o esse dicit Lindius Cleobulus: hoc est, optimus cunctis modus", + "en": "A , says Cleobulus of Lindos:2 that is, moderation is always best." + }, + { + "id": 1605, + "la": "Thales set , protulit, spondere qui nos, noxa quia praes est, vetat", + "en": "But Thales produced , 3 and forbids us to stand surety, because to be a bondsman is ruin." + }, + { + "id": 1606, + "la": "hoc nos monere faeneratis non placet", + "en": "Money-lenders do not like us to give this advice." + }, + { + "id": 1607, + "la": "Dixi: recedam", + "en": "I have said my say: I will retire." + }, + { + "id": 1608, + "la": "legifer venit Solon", + "en": "Lawgiver Solon enters." + }, + { + "id": 1609, + "la": "De more Graeco prodeo in scaenam Solon, septem sapientum fama cui palmam dedit", + "en": "After the Greek fashion I appear upon the stage, Solon, to whom among the Seven Sages the general voice has given the palm." + }, + { + "id": 1610, + "la": "set famae non est iudicii severitas;", + "en": "But the general voice has not the strictness of the judgment-seat;" + }, + { + "id": 1611, + "la": "neque enim esse primum me, verum unum existimo, aequalitas quod ordinem nescit pati", + "en": "for I regard myself not as the first, but one of them, because equality cannot brook gradation." + }, + { + "id": 1612, + "la": "recte olim ineptum Delphicus suasit deus quaerentem, quisnam primus sapientum foret, ut in orbe tereti nominum sertum inderet, ne primus esset, ne vel imus quispiam", + "en": "When a fool once asked who was the first among the Sages, well did the Delphic god advise him to fasten a slip bearing their names about a round ball, that no one should be first or last." + }, + { + "id": 1613, + "la": "eorum e medio prodeo gyro Solon, ut, quod dixisse Croeso regi existimor, id omnis hominum secta sibi dictum putet", + "en": "From that circles midst I, Solon, come forward, in order that that word, which it is thought I spake to Croesus, all the human race may regard as spoken to itself." + }, + { + "id": 1614, + "la": "Graece coactum est , quod longius fit, si Latine dixeris: spectare vitae iubeo cunctos terminum", + "en": "In Greek tis tersely put , but becomes somewhat longer if rendered in your tongue: I bid all men watch lifes end." + }, + { + "id": 1615, + "la": "proinde miseros aut beatos dicere evita, quod sunt semper ancipiti in statu", + "en": "Therefore avoid calling men wretched or happy, because they are always in an uncertain state." + }, + { + "id": 1616, + "la": "id adeo sic est", + "en": "The case stands thus." + }, + { + "id": 1617, + "la": "si queam, paucis loquar", + "en": "If I can, I will speak briefly." + }, + { + "id": 1618, + "la": "Rex an tyrannus Lydiae, Croesus, fuit his in beatis, dives insanum in modum, lateribus aureis templa qui divis dabat", + "en": "The king or despot of Lydia, Croesus, was one of these happy men, extravagantly rich, one who used to give the gods temples built of golden bricks." + }, + { + "id": 1619, + "la": "is me evocavit", + "en": "He summoned me abroad." + }, + { + "id": 1620, + "la": "venio dicto oboediens, meliore ut uti rege possint Lydii", + "en": "I come, obeying his command that so the Lydians may be able to enjoy a better king." + }, + { + "id": 1621, + "la": "rogat, beatum prodam, si quem noverim", + "en": "He asks: let me name a happy man, if I know one." + }, + { + "id": 1622, + "la": "Tellena dico civem non ignobilem: pro patria pugnans iste vitam obiecerat", + "en": "I speak of Telles,2 no mean citizen: he had offered up his life fighting for his country." + }, + { + "id": 1623, + "la": "despexit, alium quaerit", + "en": "He scorned this man'asks for another." + }, + { + "id": 1624, + "la": "inveni Aglaum: fines agelli proprii is numquam excesserat", + "en": "I found one, Aglaus:3 he had never gone outside the bounds of his little farm." + }, + { + "id": 1625, + "la": "at ille ridens: Quo dein me ponis loco, beatus orbe toto qui solus vocor?", + "en": "But he asks, laughing: In what place, then, do you put me, who alone am called happy by the whole world?" + }, + { + "id": 1626, + "la": "Spectandum dico terminum vitae prius: tum iudicandum, si manet felicitas.", + "en": "We must behold, I answer, the end of life first: then we can judge'if prosperity abides." + }, + { + "id": 1627, + "la": "dictum moleste Croesus accepit: ego relinquo regem", + "en": "Croesus took the saying badly: I leave the king." + }, + { + "id": 1628, + "la": "bellum ille in Persas parat", + "en": "He plans war against the Persians." + }, + { + "id": 1629, + "la": "profectus, victus, vinctus, regi deditus", + "en": "He marched, was beaten, bound, handed over to their king." + }, + { + "id": 1630, + "la": "stat ille, captans funeris iam instar sui, qua flamma totum se per ambitum dabat volvens in altum fumidos aestu globos", + "en": "He stands, trying to imagine his own end, while fire was spreading all round about and rolling aloft on its blast clouds of smoke." + }, + { + "id": 1631, + "la": "ac paene sero Croesus ingenti sono, O vere vates, inquit, O Solon, Solon clamore magno ter Solonem nuncupat", + "en": "Almost too late, Croesus with a deep cry says: O true seer! O Solon, Solon! With a great clamour he calls on Solon thrice." + }, + { + "id": 1632, + "la": "qua voce Cyrus motus, extingui iubet gyrum per omnem et destrui ardentem pyram: et commodum profusus imber nubibus repressit ignem", + "en": "Moved by this utterance Cyrus bids the encircling fire be put out and the blazing pyre pulled down; and happily a shower, poured from the clouds, quenched the flames." + }, + { + "id": 1633, + "la": "Croesus ad regem illico per militarem ducitur lectam manum: interrogatur, quem Solonem diceret et quam ciendi causam haberet nominis?", + "en": "Croesus is straightway led to the king by a picked band of soldiers: he is asked whom he meant by Solon, and what reason he had for calling his name aloud?" + }, + { + "id": 1634, + "la": "seriem per omnem cuncta regi edisserit", + "en": "From first to last he relates all to the king." + }, + { + "id": 1635, + "la": "miseratur ille vimque fortunae videns laudat Solonem:", + "en": "Cyrus feels pity, and seeing Fortunes power, praises Solon:" + }, + { + "id": 1636, + "la": "Croesum inde in amicis habet vinctumque pedicis aureis secum iubet, reliquum quod esset vitae, totum degere", + "en": "thereafter he counts Croesus among his friends, and bids him be bound with golden chains and spend with him all the rest of his life." + }, + { + "id": 1637, + "la": "ego duorum regum testimonio laudatus et probatus ambobus fui", + "en": "Two kings bare witness in my praise, and both proved me right." + }, + { + "id": 1638, + "la": "quodque uni dictum est quisque sibi dictum putet", + "en": "And what was said to one, that let each consider spoken to himself." + }, + { + "id": 1639, + "la": "Ego iam peregi, qua de causa huc prodii", + "en": "Now I have finished that for which I came forward here." + }, + { + "id": 1640, + "la": "venit ecce Chilon", + "en": "Look! Chilon is coming." + }, + { + "id": 1641, + "la": "vos valete et plaudite", + "en": "Fare ye well and applaud." + }, + { + "id": 1642, + "la": "Lumbi sedendo, oculi spectando dolent, manendo Solonem, quoad ad se se recipiat", + "en": "My loins ache with sitting, my eyes with watching,1 while I waited for Solon to come to himself." + }, + { + "id": 1643, + "la": "hui, quam pauca, di, locuntur Attici!", + "en": "Good Lord! What brief speaking3 these Athenians use!" + }, + { + "id": 1644, + "la": "unam trecentis versibus sententiam tandem peregit meque respectans abit", + "en": "When at last he has finished off a single saw in heaven knows how many lines, he goes off looking back at me regretfully." + }, + { + "id": 1645, + "la": "Spartanus ego sum Chilon, qui nunc prodeo", + "en": "I who now come on am Spartan Chilon." + }, + { + "id": 1646, + "la": "brevitate nota, qua Lacones utimur, commendo nostrum , nosce te, quod in columna iam tenetur Delphica", + "en": "With that well-known curtness which we Laconians use I recommend my , know thyself, which is still preserved on a column at Delphi." + }, + { + "id": 1647, + "la": "labor molestus iste fructi est optimi, quid ferre possis, quidve non, dinoscere;", + "en": "That irksome toil produces most excellent fruit'to distinguish what you can endure and what you cannot;" + }, + { + "id": 1648, + "la": "noctu diuque, quae geras, quae gesseris, ad usque puncti tenuis instar quaerere", + "en": "by night and day to examine what you are doing, what you have done, down to the smallest atom." + }, + { + "id": 1649, + "la": "officia cuncta, pudor, honor, constantia in hoc, et ulla spreta nobis gloria", + "en": "All virtues'self-respect, honour, fortitude'lie in this, as well as any noble trait I have passed by." + }, + { + "id": 1650, + "la": "Dixi: valete memores", + "en": "I have done: farewell, be thoughtful." + }, + { + "id": 1651, + "la": "plausum non moror", + "en": "I do not wait for applause" + }, + { + "id": 1652, + "la": "Cleobulus ego sum, parvae civis insulae, magnae sed auctor, qua cluo, sententiae:", + "en": "I am Cleobulus, native of a small island, but author of a great saying which makes me famous'" + }, + { + "id": 1653, + "la": "quem dixisse existimant", + "en": "he whom they believe to have said ." + }, + { + "id": 1654, + "la": "interpretare tu, qui orchestrae proximus gradibus propinquis in quatuordecim sedes:", + "en": "Translate please, you who sit next the orchestra in the stalls close by:1 ." + }, + { + "id": 1655, + "la": "o o an sit optimus modus, dic!", + "en": "is not moderation is best? Come, tell me!" + }, + { + "id": 1656, + "la": "adnuisti? gratiam habeo", + "en": "You nodded? Thank you." + }, + { + "id": 1657, + "la": "persequar per ordinem", + "en": "I will go on to the next point." + }, + { + "id": 1658, + "la": "iam dixit ex isto loco Afer poeta vester ut ne quid nimis, et noster quidam", + "en": "Your African poet2 has already said from this stage do nothing overmuch, and one of my own countrymen3 says ." + }, + { + "id": 1659, + "la": "huc pertinet uterque sensus, Italus seu Dorius", + "en": "Both maxims, Latin and Greek, bear on our purpose." + }, + { + "id": 1660, + "la": "fandi, tacendi, somni, vigilii is modus, beneficiorum, gratiarum, iniuriae, studii, laborum:", + "en": "Tis moderation in speech, in silence, in slumber, in watching, in benefits, in gratitude, in wrongs, in study, in toil." + }, + { + "id": 1661, + "la": "vita in omni quidquid est, istum requirit optimae pausae modum", + "en": "Whatever our whole life can show demands this moderation, which is timely cessation." + }, + { + "id": 1662, + "la": "Dixi: recedam sit modus venit Thales", + "en": "I have said my say: I will go off. Let us be moderate! Thales is coming" + }, + { + "id": 1663, + "la": "Milesius sum Thales, aquam qui principem rebus creandis dixi, ut vates Pindarus, cuique olim iussu Apollinis tripodem aureum dedere piscatores extractum mari; namque hi iubente Delio me legerant, quod ille munus hoc sapienti miserat", + "en": "Milesian Thales I, who declared that water was the prime element in nature, as did the poet Pindar, and to whom at Apollos command fishermen once gave the golden tripod dredged up from the sea;4 for they had chosen me at the behest of the Delian god, because he had sent this gift to the Wise One." + }, + { + "id": 1664, + "la": "ego recusans non recepi et reddidi ferendum ad alios, quos priores crederem", + "en": "I declined and did not accept it, returning it to be taken to others such as I deemed more eminent." + }, + { + "id": 1665, + "la": "dein per omnes septem sapientes viros missum ac remissum rursus ad me deferunt", + "en": "Then, when to each of the Seven Sages it had been sent and sent back, they brought it again to me." + }, + { + "id": 1666, + "la": "ego receptum consecravi Apollini;", + "en": "I accepted and dedicated it to Apollo;" + }, + { + "id": 1667, + "la": "nam si sapientem deligi Phoebus iubet, non hominem quemquam, set deum credi decet", + "en": "for if Phoebus bids the Wise One be chosen, tis fitting to believe that not any man but a god is meant." + }, + { + "id": 1668, + "la": "Is igitur ego sum causa set in scaenam fuit mihi prodeundi, quae duobus ante me, adsertor ut sententiae fierem meae", + "en": "That man, then, am I. But the reason for my appearing on the stage, as with the two who have preceded me, is to become the champion of my own maxim." + }, + { + "id": 1669, + "la": "ea displicebit, non tamen prudentibus, quos docuit usus et peritos reddidit, en , graece dicimus: Latinum est, sponde, noxa set praesto tibi", + "en": "It will offend some, but not those canny ones who have learned from experience and have been made worldly-wise. Well, , we say in Greek: in your language, Be a surety, but Ruin stands near you.1" + }, + { + "id": 1670, + "la": "per mille possem currere exempla, ut probem praedes vadesque paenitudinis reos", + "en": "I could run over a thousand instances to prove that those who give bond or bail appear at the bar of regret." + }, + { + "id": 1671, + "la": "sed nolo quemquam nominatim dicere: sibi quisque vestrum dicat et secum putet, spondere quantis damno fuerit et malo", + "en": "But I do not care to mention anyone by name: let each of you mention such to himself and reflect how many have suffered loss and harm by standing surety." + }, + { + "id": 1672, + "la": "gratum hoc officium maneat ambobus tamen", + "en": "Yet may both parties still find pleasure in this service!" + }, + { + "id": 1673, + "la": "Pars plaudite ergo, pars offensi explodite", + "en": "Clap, then, some of you; the rest, affronted, hiss me off the stage." + }, + { + "id": 1674, + "la": "Bias Prieneus quod dixi o o o, Latine dictum suspicor: plures mali", + "en": "I am Bias of Priene, and my saying I fancy you would render most men are bad." + }, + { + "id": 1675, + "la": "dixisse nollem; veritas odium parit", + "en": "I could wish I had never said it; truth breeds hatred." + }, + { + "id": 1676, + "la": "malos sed imperitos dixi et barbaros, qui ius et aequum et sacros mores neglegunt", + "en": "But by the bad I meant uncultured men and savages, who disregard right and equity and hallowed customs." + }, + { + "id": 1677, + "la": "nam populus iste, quo theatrum cingitur, totus bonorum est", + "en": "For this throng filling the circle of the theatre is of good men all." + }, + { + "id": 1678, + "la": "hostium tellus habet, dixisse quos me creditis, plures malos", + "en": "It is your enemies country that contains those of whom you think I spoke, the many bad." + }, + { + "id": 1679, + "la": "sed nemo quisquam tam malus iudex fuat, quin iam bonorum partibus se copulet, sive ille vere bonus est, seu dici studet", + "en": "But no one would be so bad a judge as not to attach himself to the side of the good, whether he is really good or anxious to be so called." + }, + { + "id": 1680, + "la": "iam fugit illud nomen invisum mali", + "en": "So now that hated epithet the bad takes flight." + }, + { + "id": 1681, + "la": "Abeo valete et plaudite, plures boni", + "en": "I must move off. Farewell and applaud, you who most are good." + }, + { + "id": 1682, + "la": "Mytilena ego ortus Pittacus sum Lesbius, qui docui sententiam", + "en": "Born at Mitylene, I am Lesbian Pittacus who taught the saying ." + }, + { + "id": 1683, + "la": "set iste , tempus ut noris, monet et esse , tempestivum quod vocant", + "en": "But this advises you to know the time, and that is what is called the timely time." + }, + { + "id": 1684, + "la": "Romana sic et est vox: veni in tempore", + "en": "Your own word too has the same sense, as: I am come in time." + }, + { + "id": 1685, + "la": "vester quoque iste comicus Terentius rerum omnium esse primum tempus autumat, ad Antiphilam quom venerat servus Dromo nullo inpeditam, temporis servans vicem", + "en": "Your comic poet also, Terence, speaks of time as the most important of all things, when the slave Dromo was come to Antiphila choosing the right time, when she was disengaged." + }, + { + "id": 1686, + "la": "reputate cuncti, quotiens offensam incidat, spectata cui non fuerit opportunitas", + "en": "Reflect, all of you, how often a man gets into trouble who has not watched for the right opportunity." + }, + { + "id": 1687, + "la": "Tempus monet, ne sim molestus plaudite", + "en": "Time warns me not to be wearisome. Give me your applause." + }, + { + "id": 1688, + "la": "Ephyra creatus huc Periander prodeo, qui dixi et dictum iam probo, meditationis esse, quod recte geras", + "en": "A Son of Ephyra, I come forward on this stage, Periander, who said , and now I make good my saying that to do aught rightly needs careful thought." + }, + { + "id": 1689, + "la": "is quippe solus rei gerendae est efficax, meditatur omne qui prius negotium", + "en": "For he alone succeeds in any business who first ponders the whole matter." + }, + { + "id": 1690, + "la": "adversa rerum vel secunda praedicat meditanda cunctis comicus Terentius", + "en": "Whether things go well or ill'so Terence the comedian declares'every one should take careful thought." + }, + { + "id": 1691, + "la": "locare sedes, bellum gerere aut ponere, magnas modicasque res, etiam parvas quoque agere volentem semper meditari decet", + "en": "When you want to let a house, to carry on war or to end it, to transact affairs of great, less, or least importance, you always ought to think carefully." + }, + { + "id": 1692, + "la": "nam segniores omnes in coeptis novis, meditatio si rei gerendae defuit", + "en": "For in new enterprises everyone makes slow progress if careful thought is wanting to his action." + }, + { + "id": 1693, + "la": "nil est, quod ampliorem curam postulet, quam cogitare, quid gerendum sit", + "en": "There is nothing which can demand greater attention than to think what ought to be done." + }, + { + "id": 1694, + "la": "dehinc incogitantes fors, non consilium regit", + "en": "Therefore tis chance, not design, which governs the unreflecting." + }, + { + "id": 1695, + "la": "Sed ego me ad partes iam recipio plaudite, meditando et vestram rem curetis publicam", + "en": "But now I must rejoin my fellow-characters. Applaud, and take thought while you manage your state affairs." + }, + { + "id": 1696, + "la": "Transieram celerem nebuloso flumine Navam, addita miratus veteri nova moenia Vinco, aequavit Latias ubi quondam Gallia Cannas infletaeque iacent inopes super arva catervae", + "en": "I had crossed over swift-flowing Navas cloudy stream, and gazed with awe upon the ramparts lately thrown round ancient Vincum,2 where Gaul once matched the Roman rout at Cannae, and where her slaughtered hordes lay scattered over the countryside untended and unwept.3" + }, + { + "id": 1697, + "la": "unde iter ingrediens nemorosa per avia solum et nulla humani spectans vestigia cultus praetereo arentem sitientibus undique terris Dumnissum riguasque perenni fonte Tabernas arvaque Sauromatum nuper metata colonis:", + "en": "Thence onward I began a lonely journey through pathless forest, nor did my eyes rest on any trace of human inhabitants. I passed Dumnissus,4 sweltering amid its parched fields, and Tabernae,5 watered by its unfailing spring, and the lands lately parcelled out to Sarmatian settlers.6" + }, + { + "id": 1698, + "la": "et tandem primis Belgarum conspicor oris Noiomagum, divi castra inclita Constantini", + "en": "And at length on the very verge of Belgic territory I descry Noiomagus, the famed camp of sainted Constantine.7" + }, + { + "id": 1699, + "la": "purior hic campis aer Phoebusque sereno Iumine purpureum reserat iam sudus Olympum", + "en": "Clearer the air which here invests the plains, and Phoebus, cloudless now, discloses glowing heaven with his untroubled light." + }, + { + "id": 1700, + "la": "nec iam, consertis per mutua vincula ramis, quaeritur exclusum viridi caligine caelum: sed liquidum iubar et rutilam visentibus aethram libera perspicui non invidet aura diei", + "en": "No longer is the sky to seek, shut out by the green gloom of branches intertwined: but the free breath of transparent day withholds not sight of the suns pure rays and of the aether, dazzling to the eyes." + }, + { + "id": 1701, + "la": "in speciem quin me patriae cultumque nitentis Burdigalae blando pepulerunt omnia visu, culmina villarum pendentibus edita ripis et virides Baccho colles et amoena fluenta subter labentis tacito rumore Mosellae", + "en": "Nay more, the whole gracious prospect made me behold a picture of my own native land, the smiling and well-tended country of Bordeaux'the roofs of country-houses, perched high upon the overnanging river-banks, the hill-sides green with vines, and the pleasant stream of Moselle gliding below with subdued murmuring." + }, + { + "id": 1702, + "la": "Salve, amnis laudate agris, laudate colonis, dignata imperio debent cui moenia Belgae: amnis odorifero iuga vitea consite Baccho, consite gramineas, amnis viridissime, ripas:", + "en": "Hail, river, blessed by the fields, blessed by the husbandmen, to whom the Belgae owe the imperial honour which graces their city:1 river, whose hills are oergrown with Bacchus fragrant vines, oergrown, river most verdant, thy banks with turf:" + }, + { + "id": 1703, + "la": "naviger, ut pelagus, devexas pronus in undas, ut fluvius, vitreoque lacus imitate profundo et rivos trepido potis aequiperare meatu, et liquido gelidos fontes praecellere potu;", + "en": "ship-bearing as the sea, with sloping waters gliding as a river, and with thy crystal depths the peer of lakes, brooks thou canst match for hurrying flow, cool springs surpass for limpid draughts;" + }, + { + "id": 1704, + "la": "omnia solus habes, quae fons, quae rivus et amnis et lacus et bivio refluus manamine pontus", + "en": "one, thou hast all that belongs to springs, brooks, rivers, lakes, and tidal Ocean with his ebb and flow." + }, + { + "id": 1705, + "la": "tu placidis praelapsus aquis nec murmura venti ulla, nec occulti pateris luctamina saxi:", + "en": "Thou, with calm waters onward gliding, feelst not any murmurs of the wind nor check from hidden rocks;" + }, + { + "id": 1706, + "la": "non spirante vado rapidos properare meatus cogeris, extantes medio non aequore terras interceptus habes, iusti ne demat honorem nominis, exclusum si dividat insula flumen", + "en": "nor by foaming shallows art thou forced to hurry on in swirling rapids, no eyots hast thou jutting in midstream to thwart thy course'lest the glory of thy due title be impaired, if any isle sunder and stem thy flow." + }, + { + "id": 1707, + "la": "tu duplices sortite vias, et cum amne secundo defluis, ut celeres feriant vada concita remi, et cum per ripas nusquam cessante remulco intendunt collo malorum vincula nautae", + "en": "For thee two modes of voyaging are appointed: this, when boats move down thy stream with current favouring and their oars thrash the churned waters at full speed; that, when along the banks, with tow-rope never slackening, the boatmen strain on their shoulders hawsers bound to the masts." + }, + { + "id": 1708, + "la": "ipse tuos quotiens miraris in amne recursus, legitimosque putas prope segnius ire meatus?", + "en": "Thyself how often dost thou marvel at the windings of thine own stream, and think its natural speed moves almost too slowly!" + }, + { + "id": 1709, + "la": "tu neque limigenis ripam praetexeris ulvis, nec piger inmundo perfundis litora caeno: sicca in primores pergunt vestigia lymphas", + "en": "Thou with no mud-grown sedge fringest thy banks, nor with foul ooze oerspreadst thy marge; dry is the treading down to thy waters edge." + }, + { + "id": 1710, + "la": "I nunc, et Phrygiis sola levia consere crustis tendens marmoreum laqueata per atria campum", + "en": "Go now, and with Phrygian slabs lay out smooth floors spreading an expanse of marble through thy fretted halls!" + }, + { + "id": 1711, + "la": "ast ego despectis, quae census opesque dederunt, naturae mirabor opus, non dira nepotum laetaque iacturis ubi luxuriatur egestas", + "en": "But I, scorning what wealth and riches have bestowed, will marvel at Natures handiwork, and not at that wherein ruin wantons, recklessly prodigal and delighting in her waste." + }, + { + "id": 1712, + "la": "hie solidae sternunt umentia litora harenae, nec retinent memores vestigia pressa figuras", + "en": "Here firm sands spread the moist shores, and the foot resting on them leaves no recording print behind." + }, + { + "id": 1713, + "la": "Spectaris vitreo per levia terga profundo, secreti nihil amnis habens:", + "en": "Thou through thy smooth surface showest all the treasures of thy crystal depths'a river keeping naught concealed:" + }, + { + "id": 1714, + "la": "utque almus aperto panditur intuitu liquidis obtutibus aer nec placidi prohibent oculos per inania venti, sic demersa procul durante per intima visu cernimus, arcanique patet penetrale profundi, cum vada lene meant liquidarum et lapsus aquarum prodit caerulea dispersas luce figuras:", + "en": "and as the calm air lies clear and open to our gaze, and the stilled winds do not forbid the sight to travel through the void, so, if our gaze penetrates thy gulfs, we behold things whelmed far below, and the recesses of thy secret depth lie open, whenas thy flood moves softly and thy waters limpid-gliding reveal in azure light shapes scattered here and there:" + }, + { + "id": 1715, + "la": "quod sulcata levi crispatur harena meatu, inclinata tremunt viridi quod gramina fundo:", + "en": "how the furrowed sand is rippled by the light current, how the bowed water-grasses quiver in thy green bed:" + }, + { + "id": 1716, + "la": "usque sub ingenuis agitatae fontibus herbae vibrantes patiuntur aquas lucetque latetque calculus et viridem distinguit glarea museum, tota Caledoniis talis patet ora Britannis, cum virides algas et rubra corallia nudat aestus et albentes concharum germina bacas, delicias hominum, locupletibus atque sub undis adsimulant nostros imitata monilia cultus:", + "en": "down beneath their native streams the tossing plants endure the waters buffeting, pebbles gleam and are hid, and gravel picks out patches of green moss. As the whole Caledonian shore spreads open to the Britons gaze, when ebbing tides lay bare green seaweed and red coral and whitening pearls, the seed of shells, mans gauds, and under the enriched waves mimic necklaces counterfeit our fashions;" + }, + { + "id": 1717, + "la": "haud aliter placidae subter vada laeta Mosellae detegit admixtos non concolor herba lapillos", + "en": "even so beneath the glad waters of still Moselle weeds of different hue reveal the pebbles scattered amidst them." + }, + { + "id": 1718, + "la": "Intentos tamen usque oculos errore fatigant interludentes, examina lubrica, pisces", + "en": "Howbeit, though fixed upon the depths, the eyes grow weary with straying after fishes who in slippery shoals sport midway between." + }, + { + "id": 1719, + "la": "sed neque tot species obliquatosque natatus quaeque per adversum succedunt agmina flumen, nominaque et cunctos numerosae stirpis alumnos edere fas aut ille sinit, cui cura secundae sortis et aequorei cessit tutela tridentis", + "en": "But their many kinds, their slanting course in swimming, and those companies which ascend up against the stream, their names, and all the offspring of their countless tribe, it is not lawful for me to declare, nor does he permit to whom passed the charge of the second element1 and the safe-keeping of the watery trident." + }, + { + "id": 1720, + "la": "tu mihi flumineis habitatrix Nais in oris squamigeri gregis ede choros liquidoque sub alveo dissere caeruleo fluitantes amne catervas", + "en": "Do thou for me, O Nymph, dweller in the rivers realm, declare the hosts of the scaly herd, and from the depths of thy watery bed discourse of those throngs which glide in the azure stream.2" + }, + { + "id": 1721, + "la": "Squameus herbosas capito inter lucet harenas, viscere praetenero fartim congestus aristis nec duraturus post bina trihoria mensis, purpureisque salar stellatus tergora guttis et nullo spinae nociturus acumine rhedo effugiensque oculos celeri levis umbra natatu", + "en": "The scaly Chub gleams amid the weeds that deck the sands, of flesh most tender, full of close-set bones, and destined to keep fit for the table but twice three hours; the Trout, too, whose back is starred with purple spots, the Roach without pointed bones to do mischief, and the swift Grayling darting out of sight with his swift stroke." + }, + { + "id": 1722, + "la": "tuque per obliqui fauces vexate Saravi, qua bis terna fremunt scopulosis ostia pilis, cum defluxisti famae maioris in amnem, liberior laxos exerces, barbe, natatus: tu melior peiore aevo, tibi contigit omni spirantum ex numero non inlaudata senectus", + "en": "And thou, who after buffeting amid the gorges of crooked Saravus (the Sarre, or Saar) where its mouth frets at twice three craggy piers,3 when thou hast been carried down into a stream of greater note, O Barbel, dost more freely ply an easy stroke: improving with declining life, to thee alone of the whole number of living things belongs an old age not unpraised." + }, + { + "id": 1723, + "la": "Nec te puniceo rutilantem viscere, salmo, transierim, latae cuius vaga verbera caudae gurgite de medio summas referuntur in undas, occulttus placido cum proditur aequore pulsus", + "en": "Nor shall I pass thee by, O Salmon, with flesh of rosy red, the random strokes of whose broad tail from the mid-depths are reproduced upon the surface, when the still waters face betrays thy hidden course." + }, + { + "id": 1724, + "la": "tu loricato squamosus pectore, frontem lubricus et dubiae facturus fercula cenae, tempora longarum fers incorrupte morarum, praesignis maculis capitis, cui prodiga nutat alvus opimatoque fluens abdomine venter", + "en": "Thou, with breastplate of scales, in the fore-part smooth, and destined to form a course at some doubtful dinner,1 endurest untainted through seasons of long delay'thou distinguished by the markings of thy head, whose generous paunch sways and whose belly droops with rolls of fat." + }, + { + "id": 1725, + "la": "quaeque per Illyricum, per stagna binominis Histri spumarum indiciis caperis, mustela, natantum, in nostrum subvecta fretum, ne laeta Mosellae flumina tam celebri defrudarentur alumno", + "en": "And thou, the Eel-pout, who oer Illyricum, oer the marshes of twice-named2 Ister art betrayed and taken through tell-tale streaks of floating foam, hast been carried to our waters lest the glad streams of Moselle should be cheated of so famed a fosterling." + }, + { + "id": 1726, + "la": "quis te naturae pinxit color!", + "en": "With what colours has Nature painted thee!" + }, + { + "id": 1727, + "la": "atra superne puncta notant tergum, qua lutea circuit iris;", + "en": "Above, dark spots pick out thy back, and rings of saffron surround them;" + }, + { + "id": 1728, + "la": "lubrica caeruleus perducit tergora fucus;", + "en": "azure hue continues the length of thy sleek back;" + }, + { + "id": 1729, + "la": "corporis ad medium fartim pinguescis, at illinc usque sub extremam squalet cutis arida caudam", + "en": "up to the middle of thy length thou art full-fleshed and fat, but from there right on to thy tails tip, thy skin is rough and dry." + }, + { + "id": 1730, + "la": "Nec te, delicias mensarum, perca, silebo, amnigenos inter pisces dignande marinis, solus puniceis facilis contendere mullis:", + "en": "Neither shalt thou, O Perch, the dainty of our tables, be unsung'thou amongst fishes river-born worthy to be ranked with the sea-bred, who alone canst vie on equal terms with the rosy mullet;" + }, + { + "id": 1731, + "la": "nam neque gustus iners solidoque in corpore partes segmentis coeunt, sed dissociantur aristis", + "en": "for not insipid is thy flavour, and in thy plump body the parts meet as segments, but are kept apart by the backbone." + }, + { + "id": 1732, + "la": "hic etiam Latio risus praenomine, cultor stagnorum, querulis vis infestissima ranis, lucius, obscuras ulva caenoque lacunas obsidet", + "en": "Here, too, doth he, jestingly known by a Latin proper name'that dweller in the marshes, most deadly enemy to plaintive frogs'Lucius (the Pike), beset pools dim with sedge and ooze:" + }, + { + "id": 1733, + "la": "hic nullos mensarum lectus ad usus fervet fumosis olido nidore popinis", + "en": "he, chosen for no service at banquets, is fried in cookshops rank with the fumes of his greasy flavour." + }, + { + "id": 1734, + "la": "Quis non et virides, vulgi solacia, tincas norit et alburnos, praedam puerilibus hamis, stridentesque focis, obsonia plebis, alausas?", + "en": "Who shall not know of the green Tench also, the comfort of the commons, of Bleak, a prey for boyish hooks, of Shad, hissing on the hearth, food for the vulgar," + }, + { + "id": 1735, + "la": "teque inter species geminas neutrumque et utrumque, qui nec dum salmo, nec iam salar ambiguusque amborum medio, sario, intercepte sub aevo?", + "en": "and of thee, something between two species, who art neither and yet both, not yet salmon, no longer trout, and undefined betwixt these twain, art caught midway in thy life?" + }, + { + "id": 1736, + "la": "tu quoque flumineas inter memorande cohortes, gobio, non geminis maior sine pollice palmis, praepinguis, teres, ovipara congestior alvo propexique iubas imitatus, gobio, barbi", + "en": "Thou also must be mentioned amid the battalions of the stream, Gudgeon, no longer than the width of two palms without the thumbs, full-fat, rounded, and yet more bulky when thy belly teems with spawn'Gudgeon, who art bearded like the tufted barbel." + }, + { + "id": 1737, + "la": "Nunc, pecus aequoreum, celebrabere, magne silure: quem velut Actaeo perductum tergora olivo amnicolam delphina reor:", + "en": "Now, creature of the surface, shall thy praise be sung, O mighty Sheat-fish, whom, with back glistening as though with olive-oil of Attica,1 I look on as a dolphin of the river'" + }, + { + "id": 1738, + "la": "sic per freta magnum laberis et longi vix corporis agmina solvis aut brevibus deprensa vadis aut fluminis ulvis", + "en": "so mightily thou glidest through the waters and canst scarce extend thy trailing body to its full length, hampered by shallows or by river-weeds." + }, + { + "id": 1739, + "la": "at cum tranquillos moliris in amne meatus, te virides ripae, te caerula turba natantum, te liquidae mirantur aquae:", + "en": "But when thou urgest thy peaceful course in the stream, at thee the green banks marvel, at thee the azure throng of the finny tribe, at thee the limpid waters:" + }, + { + "id": 1740, + "la": "diffunditur alveo aestus et extremi procurrunt margine fluctus", + "en": "in the channel a tide is rolled abroad on either hand, and the ends of the waves drive onward at the marge." + }, + { + "id": 1741, + "la": "talis Atlantiaco quondam ballena profundo, cum vento motuve suo telluris ad oras pellitur:", + "en": "So, when at times on the Atlantic deep a whale by wind or his own motion is driven to the verge of land," + }, + { + "id": 1742, + "la": "exclusum exundat mare magnaque surgunt aequora vicinique timent decrescere montes", + "en": "the sea displaced oerflows, great waters rise, and neighbouring mountains fear to lose their height." + }, + { + "id": 1743, + "la": "hic tamen, hic nostrae mitis ballena Mosellae exitio procul est magnoque honor additus amni", + "en": "Yet this'this gentle whale of our Moselle is far from havoc and brings glory to the mighty stream." + }, + { + "id": 1744, + "la": "Iam liquidas spectasse vias et lubrica pisces agmina multiplicesque satis numerasse catervas", + "en": "Now tis enough to have viewed the watery paths and to have told oer the fishes in their glistening hosts and legions manifold." + }, + { + "id": 1745, + "la": "inducant aliam spectacula vitea pompam sollicitentque vagos Baccheia munera visus, qua sublimis apex longo super ardua tractu et rupes et aprica iugi flexusque sinusque vitibus adsurgunt naturalique theatro", + "en": "Let show of vines lead on another pageant, and let Bacchus gifts attract our wandering gaze where lofty ridge, far-stretching above scarped, slopes, and spur, and sunny hill-side with salient and reentrant rise in a natural theatre overgrown with vines." + }, + { + "id": 1746, + "la": "Gauranum sic alma iugum vindemia vestit et Rhodopen proprioque nitent Pangaea Lyaeo;", + "en": "So does the gracious vintage clothe the ridge of Gaurus1 and Rhodope,2 and so Lyaeus decks the Pangaean hills,3 his chosen haunt;" + }, + { + "id": 1747, + "la": "sic viret Ismarius super aequora Thracia collis; sic mea flaventem pingunt vineta Garumnam", + "en": "so Ismarus raises his green slopes above the Thracian sea; so do my own vineyards cast their reflection on the yellowing Garonne." + }, + { + "id": 1748, + "la": "summis quippe iugis tendentis in ultima clivi conseritur viridi fluvialis margo Lyaeo", + "en": "For from the topmost ridge to the foot of the slope the river-side is thickly planted with green vines." + }, + { + "id": 1749, + "la": "laeta operum plebes festinantesque coloni vertice nunc summo properant, nunc deiuge dorso, certantes stolidis clamoribus", + "en": "The people, happy in their toil, and the restless husbandmen are busy, now on the hill-top, now on the slope, exchanging shouts in boisterous rivalry." + }, + { + "id": 1750, + "la": "inde viator riparum subiecta terens, hinc navita labens, probra canunt seris cultoribus:", + "en": "Here the wayfarer tramping along the low-lying bank, and there the bargeman floating by, troll their rude jests at the loitering vine-dressers;" + }, + { + "id": 1751, + "la": "adstrepit ollis et rupes et silva tremens et concavus amnis", + "en": "and all the hills, and shivering woods, and channelled river, ring with their cries." + }, + { + "id": 1752, + "la": "Nec solos homines delectat scaena locorum:", + "en": "Nor does the scenery of this region please men alone;" + }, + { + "id": 1753, + "la": "hic ego et agrestes Satyros et glauca tuentes Naidas extremis credam concurrere ripis, capripedes agitat cum laeta protervia Panas insultantque vadis trepidasque sub amne sorores terrent, indocili pulsantes verbere fluctum", + "en": "I can believe that here the rustic Satyrs and the grey-eyed Nymphs meet together on the border of the stream, when the goat-footed Pans are seized with merry ribaldry, and splashing in the shallows, frighten the trembling sister-nymphs beneath the stream, while they thresh the water with unskilful strokes." + }, + { + "id": 1754, + "la": "saepe etiam mediis furata e collibus uvas inter Oreiadas Panope fluvialis amicas fugit lascivos paganica numina Faunos dicitur et, medio cum sol stetit igneus orbe, ad commune fretum Satyros vitreasque sorores consortes celebrare choros, cum praebuit horas secretas hominum coetu flagrantior aestus", + "en": "Oft also, when she has stolen clusters from the inland hills, Panope, the river lady, with a troop of Oread friends, flees the wanton Fauns, gods of the country-side. And it is said that when the suns fiery orb stops in the midst of his course, the Satyrs and the sister-Nymphs of the crysta depths meet here beside the stream and ply the dance in partnership, what time the fiercer heat affords them hours set free from mortal company." + }, + { + "id": 1755, + "la": "tunc insultantes sua per freta ludere Nymphas et Satyros mersare vadis rudibusque natandi per medias exire manus, dum lubrica falsi membra petunt liquidosque fovent pro corpore fluctus", + "en": "Then, wantonly frolicking amid their native waters, the Nymphs duck the Satyrs in the waves, and slip away right through the hands of those unskilful swimmers, as, baffled, they seek to grasp their slippery limbs and, instead of bodies, embrace yielding waves." + }, + { + "id": 1756, + "la": "sed non haec spectata ulli nec cognita visu fas mihi sit pro parte loqui: secreta tegatur et commissa suis lateat reverentia rivis", + "en": "But of these things which no man has looked upon and no eye beheld, be it no sin for me to speak in part: let things secret be kept hid, and let Reverence dwell unspied upon, in the safe-keeping of her native streams." + }, + { + "id": 1757, + "la": "Illa fruenda palam species, cum glaucus opaco respondet colli fluvius, frondere videntur fluminei latices et palmite consitus amnis", + "en": "Yon is a sight that may be freely enjoyed: when the azure river mirrors the shady hill,1 the waters of the stream seem to bear leaves and the flood to be all oergrown with shoots of vines." + }, + { + "id": 1758, + "la": "quis color ille vadis, seras cum propulit umbras Hesperus et viridi perfundit monte Mosellam!", + "en": "What a hue is on the waters when Hesperus has driven forward the lagging shadows and oerspreads Moselle with the green of the reflected height!" + }, + { + "id": 1759, + "la": "tota natant crispis iuga motibus et tremit absens pampinus et vitreis vindemia turget in undis", + "en": "Whole hills float on the shivering ripples: here quivers the far-off tendril of the vine, here in the glassy flood swells the full cluster." + }, + { + "id": 1760, + "la": "adnumerat virides derisus navita vites, navita caudiceo fluitans super aequora lembo per medium, qua sese amni confundit imago collis et umbrarum confinia conserit amnis", + "en": "The deluded boatman tells oer the green vines'the boatman whose skiff of bark floats on the watery floor out in mid-stream, where the pictured hill blends with the river and where the river joins with the edges of the shadows." + }, + { + "id": 1761, + "la": "Haec quoque quam dulces celebrant spectacula pompas, remipedes medio certant cum flumine lembi et varios meunt flexus viridesque per oras stringunt attonsis pubentia germina pratis!", + "en": "And when oared skiffs join in mimic battle in mid-stream, how pleasing is the pageant which this sight affords!" + }, + { + "id": 1762, + "la": "puppibus et proris alacres gestire magistros impubemque manum super amnica terga vagantem dum spectat [viridis qua surgit ripa colonus, non sentit1] transire diem, sua seria ludo posthabet2; excludit veteres nova gratia curas", + "en": "They circle in and out, and graze the sprouting blades of the cropped turf along the green banks. The husbandman, standing upon the rise of the green bank, watches the light-hearted owners as they leap about on stern or prow, the boyish crew straggling over the rivers wide expanse, and never feels the day is slipping by, but puts their play before his business, while present pleasure shuts out whilom cares." + }, + { + "id": 1763, + "la": "quales Cumano despectat in aequore ludos Liber, sulphurei cum per iuga consita Gauri perque vaporiferi graditur vineta Vesevi, cum Venus Actiacis Augusti laeta triumphis ludere lascivos fera proelia iussit Amores, qualia Niliacae classes Latiaeque triremes subter Apollineae gesserunt Leucados arces;", + "en": "As those games which Liber beholds on the Cumaean tide, whenas he walks abroad over the planted hills of reeking Gaurus, or passes through the vineyards of smoke-plumed Vesuvius, when Venus, glad at Augustus victory of Actium, bade the pert Loves enact in mimicry such fierce combats as the navies of the Nile and Roman triremes waged below Leucas and Apollos hold;1" + }, + { + "id": 1764, + "la": "aut Pompeiani Mylasena pericula belli Euboicae referunt per Averna sonantia cumbae;", + "en": "or as when Euboean2 barks repeat upon the waters of echoing Avernus the hazards of the strife at Mylae in the Pompeian War;3" + }, + { + "id": 1765, + "la": "innocuos ratium pulsus pugnasque iocantes naumachiae Siculo quales spectante Peloro caeruleus viridi reparat sub imagine pontus:", + "en": "or as the harmless onsets of boats and playful battles of the naumachia which the dark sea repeats in his green imagery while Sicilian Pelorus4 looks down;'" + }, + { + "id": 1766, + "la": "non aliam speciem petulantibus addit ephebis pubertasque amnis et picti rostra phaseli", + "en": "such the appearance which youth, river, skiffs with painted prows, lend to these merry lads." + }, + { + "id": 1767, + "la": "hos Hyperionio cum sol perfuderit aestu, reddit nautales vitreo sub gurgite formas et redigit pandas inversi corporis umbras", + "en": "But when Hyperion pours down the suns full heat, the crystal flood reflects sailor-shapes and throws back crooked pictures of their downward forms.5" + }, + { + "id": 1768, + "la": "utque agiles motus dextra laevaque frequentant et commutatis alternant pondera remis, unda refert alios simulacra umentia nautas", + "en": "And as they ply their nimble strokes with the right hand and the left, and throwing their weight in turn now upon this oar, now upon that, the wave reflects a watery semblance of sailors to match them." + }, + { + "id": 1769, + "la": "ipsa suo gaudet simulamine nautica pubes, fallaces fluvio mirata redire figuras", + "en": "The boys themselves delight in their own counterfeits, wondering at the illusive forms which the river gives back. T" + }, + { + "id": 1770, + "la": "sic, ubi composites ostentatura capillos (candentem late speculi explorantis honorem cum primum carae nutrix admovit alumnae) laeta ignorato fruitur virguncula ludo germanaeque putat formam spectare puellae:", + "en": "hus, when hoping soon to display her braided tresses (tis when the nurse has first placed near her dear charge the wide-gleaming glory of the searching mirror), delighted, the little maid enjoys the uncomprehended game, deeming she gazes on the shape of a real girl:" + }, + { + "id": 1771, + "la": "oscula fulgenti dat non referenda metallo aut fixas praetemptat acus aut frontis ad oram vibratos captat digitis extendere crines:", + "en": "she showers on the shining metal kisses not to be returned, or essays those firm-fixed hairpins, or puts her fingers to that brow, trying to draw out those curled locks;" + }, + { + "id": 1772, + "la": "talis ad umbrarum ludibria nautica pubes ambiguis fruitur veri falsique figuris", + "en": "even so, at sight of the reflections which mock them, the lads afloat amuse themselves with shapes which waver between false and true." + }, + { + "id": 1773, + "la": "Iam vero accessus faciles qua ripa ministrat, scrutatur toto populatrix turba profundo heu male defensos penetrali flumine pisces", + "en": "Now, where the bank supplies easy approaches, a devastating throng ransacks all the depths for fish ill-sheltered ' alack! ' by the rivers sanctuary." + }, + { + "id": 1774, + "la": "hic medio procul amne trahens umentia lina nodosis decepta plagis examina verrit;", + "en": "This man far out in mid-stream trails dripping nets and sweeps up shoals of fish, snared in the knotty folds;" + }, + { + "id": 1775, + "la": "ast hic, tranquillo qua labitur agmine flumen, ducit corticeis fluitantia retia signis;", + "en": "but this, where the river glides with peaceful flood, draws his seins, buoyed up with floats of cork;" + }, + { + "id": 1776, + "la": "ille autem scopulis deiectas pronus in undas inclinat lentae convexa cacumina virgae, inductos escis iaciens letalibus hamos", + "en": "while yonder on the rocks one leans over the waters which flow beneath, and lets droop the curved tip of his pliant rod, casting hooks baited with deadly food." + }, + { + "id": 1777, + "la": "quos ignara doli postquam vaga turba natantum rictibus invasit patulaeque per intima fauces sera occultati senserunt vulnera ferri, dum trepidant, subit indicium crispoque tremori vibrantis saetae nutans consentit harundo, nec mora et excussam stridenti verbere praedam dexter in obliquum raptat puer;", + "en": "All unsuspecting, the wandering finny tribe rush upon them agape; and when ' too late!'their opened gullets feel the concealed barbs pierce deep within, they struggle, and their struggles are betrayed above, when the wand bends in response to the tremulous vibrations of the quivering line. Straightway the boy skilfully whisks his prey from the water, swinging it sidelong with a whistling stroke:" + }, + { + "id": 1778, + "la": "excipit ictum spiritus, ut raptis quondam per inane flagellis aura crepat motoque adsibilat aere ventus", + "en": "a hissing follows on the blow, even as the breeze whines and whistles when sometimes a scourge is whirled through empty space and disturbs the air." + }, + { + "id": 1779, + "la": "exultant udae super arida saxa rapinae luciferique pavent letalia tela diei", + "en": "The dripping catch flounders on the parched rocks and quakes at the deadly shafts of light-bringing day." + }, + { + "id": 1780, + "la": "cuique sub amne suo mansit vigor, aere nostro segnis anhelatis vitam consumit in auris", + "en": "Beneath his native waters, his strength endured: enfeebled by our atmosphere his life wastes away in the air he gasps." + }, + { + "id": 1781, + "la": "iam piger invalido vibratur corpore plausus, torpida supremos patitur iam cauda tremores nec coeunt rictus, haustas sed hiatibus auras reddit mortiferos expirans branchia flatus", + "en": "Now his weakening body quivers with feeble beats, now his nerveless tail endures its last throbs: his gaping mouth no longer closes: his panting gills give back the air they have drained and blow forth the death-dealing breath of day." + }, + { + "id": 1782, + "la": "sic, ubi fabriles exercet spiritus ignes, accipit alterno cohibetque foramine ventos lanea fagineis adludens parma cavernis", + "en": "Even so, when the blast fans a smithy-fire, the valve of wool which plays in the hollow of the beechen bellows alternately sucks in and confines the winds now by this hole, now by that." + }, + { + "id": 1783, + "la": "vidi egomet quosdam leti sub fine trementes collegisse animas, mox in sublime citatos cernua subiectum praeceps dare corpora in amnem, desperatarum potientes rursus aquarum", + "en": "I myself have seen fish, already quivering in the throes of death, summon up their last gasp and, leaping high into the air, cast themselves with a somersault into the river beneath, gaining once more the waters which they never looked to find again." + }, + { + "id": 1784, + "la": "quos impos damni puer inconsultus ab alto impetit et stolido captat prensare natatu", + "en": "Thereat, impatient at his loss, the lad impetuously plunges in from on high, seeking'poor fool'to catch them as he swims." + }, + { + "id": 1785, + "la": "sic Anthedonius Boeotia per freta Glaucus, gramina gustatu postquam exitialia Circes expertus carptas moribundis piscibus herbas sumpsit, Carpathium subiit novus accola pontum", + "en": "So Glaucus of Anthedon, the fisher of the Boeotian sea, having tasted Circes deadly herbs, when he had plucked those plants cropped by his dying fish,1 plunged into the Carpathian sea, there to find a new home:" + }, + { + "id": 1786, + "la": "ille hamis et rete potens, scrutator operti Nereos, aequoream solitus converrere Tethyn, inter captivas fluitavit praedo catervas", + "en": "that fisherman, so skilful with his hooks and nets, who ransacked Nereus hidden depths and swept the surface which is Tethys realm'that spoiler tossed on the waves amid the shoals he once took captive." + }, + { + "id": 1787, + "la": "Talia despectant longo per caerula tractu pendentes saxis instanti culmine villae, quas medius dirimit sinuosis flexibus errans amnis, et alternas comunt praetoria ripas", + "en": "Such sights unfold themselves along the azure reaches of the river in sight of country seats which perched on the toppling summits of the rocks, are parted by the stream wandering on midways with winding curves, while lordly halls grace either bank." + }, + { + "id": 1788, + "la": "Quis modo Sestiacum pelagus, Nepheleidos Helles aequor, Abydeni freta quis miretur ephebi?", + "en": "Who now can marvel at the waters on which Sestos looks down'that sea named after Helle, daughter of Nephela;" + }, + { + "id": 1789, + "la": "quis Chalcedonio constratum ab litore pontum, regis opus magni, mediis euripus ubi undis Europaeque Asiaeque vetat eoncurrere terras?", + "en": "who at the waves, once bridged across from the Chalcedonian shore'a labour of the Great King1'where the Channel2 with intervening waves forbids the lands of Europe and of Asia to clash together?" + }, + { + "id": 1790, + "la": "non hic dira freti rabies, non saeva furentum proelia caurorum;", + "en": "Here is not the dread fury of that strait, not the wild turmoil of its north-western gales;" + }, + { + "id": 1791, + "la": "licet hic commercia linguae iungere et alterno sermonem texere pulsu", + "en": "here two may link interchanging speech, and weave discourse with alternating waves of sound." + }, + { + "id": 1792, + "la": "blanda salutiferas permiscent litora voces, et voces et paene manus: resonantia utrimque verba refert mediis concurrens fluctibus echo", + "en": "The kindly shores intermingle cries of greeting'cries and almost the grip of hands: words which resound from either side Echo returns, speeding with them oer the intervening waves." + }, + { + "id": 1793, + "la": "Quis potis innumeros cultusque habitusque retexens pandere tectonicas per singula praedia formas?", + "en": "Who has the skill to unfold the countless embellishments and forms, and to display the architectural beauties of each demesne?" + }, + { + "id": 1794, + "la": "non hoc spernat opus Gortynius aliger, aedis conditor Euboicae, casus quem fingere in auro conantem Icarios patrii pepulere dolores: non Philo Cecropius, non qui laudatus ab hoste clara Syracosii traxit certamina belli", + "en": "Such work the flying man of Gortyn would not scorn'he who built that temple at Euboean Cumae and, essaying to reproduce in gold the fate of Icarus, was thwarted by a fathers grief;3 nor Philo of Athens;4 nor yet he who won admiration from his foe by the devices with which he prolonged the famed struggles of besieged Syracuse.5" + }, + { + "id": 1795, + "la": "forsan et insignes hominumque operumque labores hic habuit decimo celebrata volumine Marcei hebdomas, hic clari viguere Menecratis artes atque Ephesi spectata manus vel in arce Minervae Ictinus, magico cui noctua perlita fuco adlicit omne genus volucres perimitque tuendo", + "en": "Perchance, too, even that company of Seven Architects, whose praise is told in Marcus tenth volume,1 produced these marvellous works of human hands; perchance here flourished the craft of renowned Menecrates,2 and that skill3 which draws all eyes at Ephesus, or the genius of Ictinus4 displayed in Minervas citadel, where is that owl painted with colours of such magic power as to lure to it fowls of all kinds and to destroy them by its stare." + }, + { + "id": 1796, + "la": "conditor hic forsan fuerit Ptolomaidos aulae Dinochares, quadrata cui in fastigia cono surgit et ipsa suas consumit pyramis umbras, iussus ob incesti qui quondam foedus amoris Arsinoen Pharii suspendit in aere templi", + "en": "Here also may have been the designer of Ptolemys palace, Dinochares, builder of the pyramid which towers up, foursided, to a point and itself devours its own shadow5'he who, when bidden to commemorate Arsinoe, the incestuous bride,6 poised her image in mid-air beneath the roof of her Pharian temple." + }, + { + "id": 1797, + "la": "spirat enim tecti testudine virus achates adflatamque trahit ferrato crine puellam", + "en": "For from the vaulted roof a load-stone sheds its influence and by its attraction draws the young queen towards it by her iron-wrought hair.7" + }, + { + "id": 1798, + "la": "Hos ergo aut horum similes est credere dignum Belgarum in terris scaenas posuisse domorum, molitos celsas fluvii decoramina villas", + "en": "These, then, or such as these, we may well believe to have raised these splendid dwellings in the Belgic land, and to have piled these lofty mansions to be the rivers ornament." + }, + { + "id": 1799, + "la": "haec est natura sublimis in aggere saxi, haec procurrentis fundata crepidine ripae, haec refugit captumque sinu sibi vindicat amnem", + "en": "This one stands high upon a mass of natural rock, this rests upon the verge of the jutting bank, this stands back and claims the river for its own, making it prisoner in an enfolding bay." + }, + { + "id": 1800, + "la": "illa tenens collem, qui plurimus imminet amni, usurpat faciles per culta, per aspera visus utque suis fruitur dives speculatio terris", + "en": "Yon occupies a hill whose bulk looms high above the stream, claiming free prospect oer tilth, oer waste, and the rich outlook enjoys the lands about as though its own." + }, + { + "id": 1801, + "la": "quin etiam riguis humili pede condita pratis compensat celsi bona naturalia montis sublimique minans irrumpit in aethera tecto, ostentans altam, Pharos ut Memphitica, turrim", + "en": "Nay, and another, though it rests its foot low down in the well-watered meadows, makes up the natural advantage of a mountains height rearing its threatening steep until the soaring roof breaks in upon the aether, displaying like Memphian Pharos, its lofty tower." + }, + { + "id": 1802, + "la": "huic proprium clausos consaepto gurgite pisces apricas scopulorum inter captare novales", + "en": "This has for its own the catching of fish imprisoned in the fenced flood between the sunny, grass-grown rocks;1" + }, + { + "id": 1803, + "la": "haec summis innixa iugis labentia subter flumina despectu iam caligante tuetur", + "en": "this, perched upon the ridges topmost crest, looks down with prospect just bedimmed in haze2 upon the stream which slides below." + }, + { + "id": 1804, + "la": "atria quid memorem viridantibus adsita pratis?", + "en": "What need to make mention of their courts set beside verdant meadows?" + }, + { + "id": 1805, + "la": "innumerisque super nitentia tecta columnis?", + "en": "of their trim roofs resting upon countless pillars?" + }, + { + "id": 1806, + "la": "quid quae fluminea substructa crepidine fumant balnea, ferventi cum Mulciber haustus operto volvit anhelatas tectoria per cava flammas, inclusum glomerans aestu spirante vaporem?", + "en": "What of their baths, contrived low down on the verge of the bank, which smoke when Vulcan, drawn by the glowing flue, pants forth his flames and whirls them up through the channelled walls,3 rolling in masses the imprisoned smoke before the scorching blast!" + }, + { + "id": 1807, + "la": "vidi ego defessos multo sudore lavacri fastidisse lacus et frigora piscinarum, ut vivis fruerentur aquis, mox amne refotos plaudenti gelidum flumen pepulisse natatu", + "en": "I myself have seen some, exhausted by the intense heat of the baths, scorn the pools and cold plunge-baths,4 preferring to enjoy running water, and, straightway refreshed by the river, buffet the cool stream, threshing it with their strokes." + }, + { + "id": 1808, + "la": "quod si Cumanis huc adforet hospes ab oris, crederet Euboicas simulacra exilia Baias his donasse locis: tantus cultusque nitorque adlicit et nullum parit oblectatio luxum", + "en": "1 But if a stranger were to arrive here from the shores of Cumae,2 he would believe that Euboean Baiae had bestowed on this region a miniature copy of its own delights: so great is the charm of its refinement and distinction, while its pleasures breed no excess." + }, + { + "id": 1809, + "la": "Sed mihi qui tandem finis tua glauca fluenta dicere dignandumque mari memorare Mosellam, innumeri quod te diversa per ostia late incurrunt amnes?", + "en": "But how can I ever end the theme of thy azure tributaries, or tell all thy praises, O Moselle, comparable with the sea for the countless streams which throughout thy length flow into thee through various mouths?" + }, + { + "id": 1810, + "la": "quamquam differre meatus possent, sed celerant in te consumere nomen", + "en": "Though they might prolong their courses, yet they haste to lose their names in thee." + }, + { + "id": 1811, + "la": "namque et Promeae Nemesaeque adiuta meatu Sura tuas properat non degener ire sub undas, Sura interceptis tibi gratificata fluentis, nobilius permixta tuo sub nomine, quam si ignoranda patri confunderet ostia Ponto", + "en": "For, albeit swelled by the waters of Promea and Nemesa, Sura,3 no weakling stream, hurries to plunge beneath thy waves'Sura, who delights thee with the affluents she has cut off, and who enjoys ampler renown when wholly merged in thee and bearing thy name than if she blended with Father Ocean an outfall unworthy fame." + }, + { + "id": 1812, + "la": "te rapidus Celbis, te marmore clarus Erubris festinant famulis quam primum adlambere lymphis: nobilibus Celbis celebratus piscibus, ille praecipiti torquens cerealia saxa rotatu stridentesque trahens per levia marmora serras audit perpetuos ripa ex utraque tumultus", + "en": "Thee swift Celbis, thee Erubris,4 famed for marble, hasten full eagerly to approach with their attendant waters: renowned is Celbis for glorious fish, and that other, as he turns his mill-stones in furious revolutions and drives the shrieking saws through smooth blocks of marble,5 hears from either bank a ceaseless din." + }, + { + "id": 1813, + "la": "praetereo exilem Lesuram tenuemque Drahonum nec fastiditos Salmonae usurpo fluores: naviger undisona dudum me mole Saravus tota veste vocat, longum qui distulit amnem, fessa sub Augustis ut volveret ostia muris", + "en": "I pass by feeble Lesura and scanty Drahonus, nor turn to use Salmonas despised rivulet:6 long has Saravus,7 bearing ships upon the volume of his sounding waves, been calling me with all his robe outspread:8 far has he prolonged his stream that he might roll his wearied" + }, + { + "id": 1814, + "la": "nec minor hoc, taciturn qui per sola pinguia labens stringit frugiferas felix Alisontia ripas", + "en": "outfall beneath imperial walls.1 No whit beneath him is blest Alisontia2 who laps fruit-laden banks as he glides silently through rich corn-lands." + }, + { + "id": 1815, + "la": "mille alii, prout quemque suus magis impetus urget, esse tui cupiunt: tantus properantibus undis ambitus aut mores", + "en": "A thousand others, according to the vehemence of each which drives him on, long to become thine: such is the ambition of these hurrying streams or such their character." + }, + { + "id": 1816, + "la": "quod si tibi, dia Mosella, Smyrna suum vatem vel Mantua clara dedisset, cederet Iliacis Simois memoratus in oris nec praeferre suos auderet Thybris honores", + "en": "But if to thee, O divine Moselle, Smyrna or famed Mantua had given its own poet,3 then would Simos, renowned on Iliums coasts, yield place, and Tiber would not dare to set his glories above thine." + }, + { + "id": 1817, + "la": "da veniam, da, Roma potens!", + "en": "Pardon, O pardon me, mighty Rome!" + }, + { + "id": 1818, + "la": "pulsa, oro, facessat invidia et Latiae Nemesis non cognita linguae: [contigit haec melior, Thybris, tibi gloria, quod Atu1] imperii sedem Romaeque tuere penates", + "en": "Rebuffed'I pray'let Envy withdraw, and Nemesis who knows no Latin name! To thee, O Tiber, belongs this higher praise, that thou dost guard the seat of empire and the homes of Rome." + }, + { + "id": 1819, + "la": "Salve, magne parens frugumque virumque, Mosella! te clari proceres, te bello exercita pubes, aemula te Latiae decorat facundia linguae, quin etiam mores et laetum fronte serena ingenium natura tuis concessit alumnis", + "en": "Hail, mighty mother both of fruits and men Thy illustrious nobles, thy youth trained to war, thy eloquence which vies with the tongues of Rome'these are thy glories, O Moselle! And withal, Nature has bestowed upon thy sons virtue and a blithe spirit with unclouded brows." + }, + { + "id": 1820, + "la": "nec sola antiquos ostentat Roma Catones, aut unus tantum iusti spectator et aequi pollet Aristides veteresque inlustrat Athenas", + "en": "Not Rome alone vaunts her old-time Catos, nor does Aristides stand alone as the one only critic of Justice and of Right." + }, + { + "id": 1821, + "la": "Verum ego quid laxis nimium spatiatus habenis victus amore tui praeconia detero?", + "en": "But why, coursing along too freely with loose rein, do I, oercome with love, wear out thy praises?4" + }, + { + "id": 1822, + "la": "conde, Musa, chelyn, pulsis extremo carmine netis", + "en": "Put by the lyre, my Muse, striking the last chords which end thy song!" + }, + { + "id": 1823, + "la": "tempus erit, cum me studiis ignobilis oti mulcentem curas seniique aprica foventem materiae commendet honos; cum facta viritim Belgarum patriosque canam decora inclita mores:", + "en": "The time shall come when, as I soothe my sorrows and cherish age that loves sunny nooks with the pursuits of inglorious ease,5 the glory of my theme shall commend me, when to their glory and renown I shall sing the achievements and native virtues of each hero of the Belgae:" + }, + { + "id": 1824, + "la": "mollia subtili nebunt mihi carmina filo Pierides tenuique aptas subtemine telas percurrent: dabitur nostris quoque purpura fusis", + "en": "the Muses of Pieria shall spin me smooth songs of soft yarn and speed at looms fitted with fine-spun woof: our spindles also shall not lack for purple." + }, + { + "id": 1825, + "la": "quis mihi tum non dictus erit?", + "en": "Of whom then shall I not tell?" + }, + { + "id": 1826, + "la": "memorabo quietos agricolas legumque catos fandique potentes, praesidium sublime reis;", + "en": "I shall mention thy peaceful husbandmen, thy skilful lawyers, and thy mighty pleaders, high bulwark for men accused'" + }, + { + "id": 1827, + "la": "quos curia summos municipum vidit proceres propriumque senatum, quos praetextati celebris facundia ludi contulit ad veteris praeconia Quintiliani, quique suas rexere urbes purumque tribunal sanguine et innocuas inlustravere secures;", + "en": "those in whom the Council of their townsmen has seen its chief leaders and a Senate of its own, those whose famed eloquence in the schools of youth has raised them to the height of old Quintilians renown,1 those who have ruled their own cities and shed glory on tribunals unstained with blood and axes guiltless of slaughter," + }, + { + "id": 1828, + "la": "aut Italum populos aquilonigenasque Britannos praefecturarum titulo tenuere secundo;", + "en": "or who as prefects of second rank2 have governed the peoples of Italy and Britons, children of the North," + }, + { + "id": 1829, + "la": "quique caput rerum Romam, populumque patresque, tantum non primo rexit sub nomine, quamvis par fuerit primis:", + "en": "and him who ruled Rome, head of the world, both People and Senate, bearing a title all but the highest, though he was peer of the highest:3" + }, + { + "id": 1830, + "la": "festinet solvere tandem errorem Fortuna suum libataque supplens praemia iam veri fastigia reddat honoris nobilibus repetenda nepotibus", + "en": "let Fortune haste at length to unravel her mistake, give him full draught of the prized cup already sipped, and give him back this time the substance of that proud dignity'to be reclaimed by his illustrious posterity!" + }, + { + "id": 1831, + "la": "at modo coeptum detexatur opus, dilata et laude virorum dicamus laeto per rura virentia tractu felicem fluvium Rhenique sacremus in undas", + "en": "But let the task lately begun be fully wrought, and, putting off the praise of famous men, let me tell of the happy river in its joyous course through the green country-side, and hallow it in the waters of the Rhine." + }, + { + "id": 1832, + "la": "Caeruleos nunc, Rhene, sinus hyaloque virentem pande peplum spatiumque novi metare fluenti fraternis cumulandus aquis", + "en": "Now spread thine azure folds and glass-green robe, O Rhine, and measure out a space for thy new stream: a brothers waters come to swell thee." + }, + { + "id": 1833, + "la": "nec praemia in undis sola, sed augustae veniens quod moenibus urbis spectavit iunctos natique patrisque triumphos, hostibus exactis Nicrum super et Lupodunum et fontem Latiis ignotum annalibus Histri", + "en": "Nor is his treasure waters alone, but also that, coming from the walls of the imperial city,1 he has beheld the united triumphs of father and son over foes vanquished beyond Nicer and Lupodunum and Isters source,2 unknown to Latin chronicles." + }, + { + "id": 1834, + "la": "haec profligati venit modo laurea belli: hinc alias aliasque feret", + "en": "This laureate dispatch which tells of their oerwhelming arms is but now come to thee: hereafter others and yet others shall he bring." + }, + { + "id": 1835, + "la": "vos pergite iuncti et mare purpureum gemino propellite tractu", + "en": "Press on united both, and with twin streams drive back the deep-blue sea." + }, + { + "id": 1836, + "la": "neu vereare minor, pulcherrime Rhene, videri: invidiae nihil hospes habet", + "en": "Nor do thou fear to lose esteem, most beauteous Rhine: a host has naught of jealousy." + }, + { + "id": 1837, + "la": "potiere perenni nomine: tu fratrem famae securus adopta", + "en": "Thou shalt enjoy endless fame: do thou, assured of renown, take to thyself a brother." + }, + { + "id": 1838, + "la": "dives aquis, dives Nymphis, largitor utrique alveus extendet geminis divortia ripis communesque vias diversa per ostia pandet", + "en": "Rich in waters, rich in Nymphs, thy channel, bounteous to both, shall stretch forth two branching streams3 from either bank and open ways for you both through various outfalls." + }, + { + "id": 1839, + "la": "accedent vires, quas Francia quasque Chamaves Germanique tremant: tunc verus habebere limes", + "en": "So shalt thou gain strength to make Franks and Chamaves and Germans quake: then shalt thou be held their boundary indeed." + }, + { + "id": 1840, + "la": "accedet tanto geminum tibi nomen ab amni, cumque unus de fonte fluas, dicere bicornis", + "en": "So shalt thou gain a name bespeaking double origin, and though from thy source thou dost flow a single stream, thou shall be called twy-horned.4" + }, + { + "id": 1841, + "la": "Haec ego, Vivisca ducens ab origine gentem, Belgarum hospitiis non per nova foedera notus, Ausonius, nomen Latium, patriaque domoque Gallorum extremos inter celsamque Pyrenen, temperat ingenuos qua laeta Aquitanica mores, audax exigua fide concino", + "en": "Such is the theme I compass'I, who am sprung of Viviscan5 stock, yet by old ties of guestship no stranger to the Belgae; I, Ausonius, Roman in name yet born and bred betwixt the frontiers of Gaul and high Pyrene,1 where blithe Aquitaine mellows the native temper of her sons: great is my daring though my lute is small." + }, + { + "id": 1842, + "la": "fas mihi sacrum perstrinxisse amnem tenui libamine Musae", + "en": "Be it no sin for me to have touched lightly on thy holy stream with the poor offering my Muse affords." + }, + { + "id": 1843, + "la": "nec laudem adfecto, veniam peto", + "en": "Tis not for praise I hanker: I sue for pardon." + }, + { + "id": 1844, + "la": "sunt tibi multi, alme amnis, sacros qui sollicitare fluores Aonidum totamque solent haurire Aganippen", + "en": "Many thou hast, O gentle stream, who use to trouble the rills of the Aonian maids and drain all Aganippe." + }, + { + "id": 1845, + "la": "ast ego, quanta mei dederit se vena liquoris, Burdigalam cum me in patriam nidumque senectae Augustus, pater et nati, mea maxima cura, fascibus Ausoniis decoratum et honore curuli mittent emeritae post munera disciplinae, latius Arctoi praeconia persequar amnis", + "en": "But as for me, so far as the flow of my poetic vein shall serve'when the Emperor and his sons2 (my chiefest care) shall give me my discharge from service as their tutor, and shall dispatch me, invested with the emblems and dignity of the Ausonian3 consulship, home to Bordeaux, my native land, the nest of my old age'I will pursue yet further the praises of thy Northern stream." + }, + { + "id": 1846, + "la": "addam urbes, tacito quas subterlaberis alveo, moeniaque antiquis te prospectantia muris;", + "en": "I will tell also of cities below which with voiceless channel thou dost glide, of strongholds which look out on thee from ancient walls;" + }, + { + "id": 1847, + "la": "addam praesidiis dubiarum condita rerum, sed modo securis non castra, sed horrea Belgis;", + "en": "I will tell also of fortresses raised for defence in times of peril, now not fortresses but granaries for the unmenaced Belgic folk;" + }, + { + "id": 1848, + "la": "addam felices ripa ex utraque colonos teque inter medios hominumque boumque labores stringentem ripas et pinguia culta secantem", + "en": "I will tell also of prosperous settlers upon either shore, and how thy waters lap their banks midway between the toils of men and oxen, parting the rich fields." + }, + { + "id": 1849, + "la": "non tibi se Liger anteferet, non Axona praeceps, Matrona non, Gallis Belgisque intersita finis, Santonico refluus non ipse Carantonus aestu", + "en": "Not Liger shall prefer himself before thee, not headlong Axona, not Matrona, set as a border-line between Gauls and Belgae, not Carantonus4 himself whose stream is driven back by the Santonic tide." + }, + { + "id": 1850, + "la": "concedes gelido, Durani, de monte volutus amnis, et auriferum postponet Gallia Tarnen insanumque ruens per saxa rotantia late in mare purpureum, dominae tamen ante Mosellae numine adorato, Tarbellicus ibit Aturrus", + "en": "Thou too, Duranius,5 whose waters roll down from their chill mountain-source, shalt yield, and Gaul shall rank gold-bearing Tarnes in lower place; and, though he rushes madly mid wide-rolling rocks, yet shall Tarbellic Aturrus only pass into the dark sea when he has first done homage to the deity of sovereign Moselle." + }, + { + "id": 1851, + "la": "Corniger externas celebrande Mosella per oras, nec solis celebrande locis, ubi fonte supremo exeris auratum taurinae frontis honorem, quave trahis placidos sinuosa per arva meatus, vel qua Germanis sub portibus ostia solvis:", + "en": "Horned Moselle, worthy to be renowned throughout foreign lands, and not to be renowned in those parts alone where at thy farthest source thou dost reveal the gilded glory of a bull-like brow;1 or where amid embaying fields thou dost wind thy peaceful course; or where below German harbours thou dost clear thy outfall;'" + }, + { + "id": 1852, + "la": "si quis honos tenui volet adspirare camenae, perdere si quis in his dignabitur otia musis, ibis in ora hominum laetoque fovebere cantu", + "en": "if any praise shall choose to breathe upon this feeble strain, if anyone shall deign to waste his leisure on my verse, thou shalt pass upon the lips of men, and be cherished with joyful song." + }, + { + "id": 1853, + "la": "te fontes vivique lacus, te caerula noscent flumina, te veteres pagorum gloria luci;", + "en": "Of thee springs and living lakes shall learn, of thee azure rivers, of thee ancient groves, the glory of our villages;" + }, + { + "id": 1854, + "la": "te Druna, te sparsis incerta Druentia ripis Alpinique colent fluvii duplicemque per urbem qui meat et Dextrae Rhodanus dat nomina ripae;", + "en": "to thee Druna, to thee Druentia,2 wandering uncertainly between her shifting banks, shall do reverence with all the Alpine streams, and Rhodanus who, flowing through that twofold city, gives a name to the Right Bank;3" + }, + { + "id": 1855, + "la": "te stagnis ego caeruleis magnumque sonoris amnibus, aequoreae te commendabo Garumnae", + "en": "thee will I praise to the dark meres and deep-voiced tributaries, thee will I praise to sea-like Garonne." + }, + { + "id": 1856, + "la": "Petis a me litteras longiores: est hoc in nos veri amoris indicium", + "en": "That you ask me to send you a longer letter is a proof of the reality of your affection for me." + }, + { + "id": 1857, + "la": "sed ego, qui sim paupertini ingenii mei conscius, Laconicae malo studere brevitati, quam multiiugis paginis infantiae meae maciem publicare", + "en": "But I am so fully aware of the poverty of my natural equipment that I think it better to cultivate a Spartan brevity than to expose my starved and stunted faculty of expression by adding page to page." + }, + { + "id": 1858, + "la": "nec mirum, si eloquii nostri vena tenuata est, quam dudum neque ullius poematis tui neque pedestrium voluminum lectione iuvisti", + "en": "And it is no wonder that the vein of my eloquence has run low; for it is a long time now since you allowed me the pleasure of reading any of your works in verse or prose." + }, + { + "id": 1859, + "la": "unde igitur sermonis mei largam poscis usuram, qui nihil litterati faenoris credidisti?", + "en": "What right have you, then, to demand of me heavy usury in the matter of words, when you have advanced me no loan in the shape of literary work?" + }, + { + "id": 1860, + "la": "volitat tuus Mosella per manus sinusque multorum divinis a te versibus consecratus: sed tantum nostra ora praelabitur", + "en": "Your Moselle'that poem which has immortalized a river in heavenly verse'flits from hand to hand and from bosom to bosom of many: I can only watch it gliding past." + }, + { + "id": 1861, + "la": "cur me istius libelli, quaeso, exortem esse voluisti?", + "en": "Pray tell me, why did you choose to deny me part or lot in that little book?" + }, + { + "id": 1862, + "la": "aut oo tibi videbar, qui iudicare non possem, aut certe malignus, qui laudare nescirem", + "en": "You thought me either too uncultivated to be able to appreciate it, or at all events too grudging to praise it," + }, + { + "id": 1863, + "la": "itaque vel ingenio meo plurimum vel moribus derogasti", + "en": "and thereby have offered the greatest possible affront to my head or to my heart, as the case may be." + }, + { + "id": 1864, + "la": "et tamen contra interdictum tuum vix ad illius operis arcana perveni", + "en": "However, despite your ban I have penetrated with difficulty to the sanctuary of that work." + }, + { + "id": 1865, + "la": "velim tacere, quid sentiam; velim iusto de te silentio vindicari; sed admiratio scriptorum sensum frangit iniuriae", + "en": "I should like to withhold my opinion, I should like to take a fair revenge on you by saying nothing; but my admiration for the work breaks down my sense of wrong." + }, + { + "id": 1866, + "la": "Novi ego istum fluvium, cum aeternorum principum iam pridem signa comitarer, parem multis, imparem maximis", + "en": "I know that river from of old when I was on the staff of the immortal Emperors: tis a match for many though no match for the greatest." + }, + { + "id": 1867, + "la": "hunc tu mihi inproviso clarorum versuum dignitate Aegyptio Nilo maiorem, frigidiorem Scythico Tanai clarioremque hoc nostro populari Tiberi reddidisti", + "en": "And yet your noble and stately verse has upset my preconceptions and made this stream for me greater than the Nile of Egypt, cooler than the Don of Scythia, and more famous than this Tiber we all know so well." + }, + { + "id": 1868, + "la": "nequaquam tibi crederem de Mosellae ortu ac meatu magna narranti, ni scirem, quod nec in poemate mentiaris", + "en": "I should certainly not believe all the great things you say of the source of the Moselle and its flow, did I not know that you never tell a lie'even in poetry." + }, + { + "id": 1869, + "la": "unde illa amnicorum piscium examina repperisti quam nominibus varia, tam coloribus, ut magnitudine distanti, sic sapore, quae tu pigmentis istius carminis supra naturae dona fucasti?", + "en": "How did you discover all those shoals of river-fish, whose names are no less varied than their hues, whose size differs as widely as their flavour'qualities which are painted in your poem in colours more glowing than any Nature gave?" + }, + { + "id": 1870, + "la": "atquin in tuis mensis saepe versatus cum pleraque alia, quae tunc in pretio erant, esui obiecta mirarer, numquam hoc genus piscium deprehendi", + "en": "And yet, though I have often found myself at your table and there have marvelled at most other articles of food which at the time were highly esteemed, I have never found there fish such as you describe." + }, + { + "id": 1871, + "la": "quando tibi hi pisces in libro nati sunt, qui in ferculis non fuerunt?", + "en": "Tell me: when were these fish spawned which appear in your book, but did not upon your board? Y" + }, + { + "id": 1872, + "la": "iocari me putas atque agere nugas?", + "en": "ou think I am jesting and merely trifling?" + }, + { + "id": 1873, + "la": "ita deus me probabilem praestet, ut ego hoc tuum carmen libris Maronis adiungo", + "en": "So may Heaven make me honest, as I rank your poem with the works of Virgil!" + }, + { + "id": 1874, + "la": "Sed iam desinam mei oblitus doloris inhaerere laudibus tuis, ne hoc quoque ad gloriam tuam trahas, quod te miramur offensi", + "en": "But it is time I ceased to dwell upon your praises, forgetting my own vexation; otherwise you may wrest the fact that I admire your work despite my annoyance into an additional tribute." + }, + { + "id": 1875, + "la": "spargas licet volumina tua et me semper excipias: fruemur tamen tuo opere, sed aliorum benignitate vale", + "en": "You may spread abroad copies of your poems and always leave me out; but I will enjoy your work all the same, though it be through the kindness of others. Farewell." + }, + { + "id": 1876, + "la": "Perlege hoc etiam, si operae est, frivolum et nullius pretii opusculum, quod nec labor excudit nec cura limavit, sine ingenii acumine et morae maturitate", + "en": "Read through this also, if it is worth while'a trifling and worthless little book, which no pains has shaped nor care polished, without a spark of wit and that ripeness which deliberation gives." + }, + { + "id": 1877, + "la": "Centonem vocant, qui primi hac concinnatione luserunt", + "en": "They who first trifled with this form of compilation call it a cento.1" + }, + { + "id": 1878, + "la": "solae memoriae negotium sparsa colligere et integrare lacerata, quod ridere magis quam laudare possis", + "en": "Tis a task for the memory only, which has to gather up scattered tags and fit these mangled scraps together into a whole, and so is more likely to provoke your laughter than your praise." + }, + { + "id": 1879, + "la": "pro quo, si per sigillaria in auctione veniret, neque Afranius naucum daret, neque ciccum suum Plautus offerret", + "en": "If it were put up for auction at a fair,2 Afranius would not give his straw, nor Plautus bid his husk.3" + }, + { + "id": 1880, + "la": "piget enim Vergiliani carminis dignitatem tam ioculari dehonestasse materia", + "en": "For it is vexing to have Virgils majestic verse degraded with such a comic theme." + }, + { + "id": 1881, + "la": "sed quid facerem?", + "en": "But what was I to do?" + }, + { + "id": 1882, + "la": "iussum erat: quodque est potentissimum imperandi genus, rogabat, qui iubere poterat, sanctus imperator Valentinianus, vir meo iudicio eruditus", + "en": "It was written by command, and at the request (which is the most pressing kind of order!) of one who was able to command'the sainted Emperor Valentinian. a man, in my opinion, of deep learning." + }, + { + "id": 1883, + "la": "nuptias quondam eiusmodi ludo descripserat, aptis equidem versibus et compositione festiva", + "en": "He had once described a wedding in a jeu desprit of this kind, wherein the verses were to the point and their connections amusing." + }, + { + "id": 1884, + "la": "experiri deinde volens, quantum nostra contentione praecelleret, simile nos de eodem concinnare praecepit", + "en": "Then, wishing to show by means of a competition with me the great superiority of his production, he bade me compile a similar poem on the same subject." + }, + { + "id": 1885, + "la": "quam scrupulosum hoc mihi fuerit, intellege: neque anteferri volebam neque posthaberi, cum aliorum quoque iudicio detegenda esset adulatio inepta, si cederem, insolentia, si ut aemulus eminerem", + "en": "Just picture how delicate a task this was for me! I did not wish to leave him nowhere, nor yet to be left behind myself; since my foolish flattery was bound to be patent to the eyes of other critics as well, if I gave way, or my presumption, if I rivalled and surpassed him." + }, + { + "id": 1886, + "la": "suscepi igitur similis recusanti feliciterque et obnoxius gratiam tenui nec victor offendi", + "en": "I undertook the task, therefore, with an air of reluctance and with happy results, and, as obedient, kept in favour and, as successful, gave no offence." + }, + { + "id": 1887, + "la": "Hoc, tum die uno et addita lucubratione properatum, modo inter liturarios meos cum reperissem, tanta mihi candoris tui et amoris fiducia est, ut severitati tuae nec ridenda subtraherem", + "en": "This book, then hurriedly composed in a single day with some lamp-lit hours thrown in, I lately found among my rough drafts; and so great is my confidence in your sincerity and affection, that for all your gravity I could not withhold even a ludicrous production." + }, + { + "id": 1888, + "la": "accipe igitur opusculum de inconexis continuum, de diversis unum, de seriis ludicrum, de alieno nostrum:", + "en": "So take a little work, continuous, though made of disjointed tags; one, though of various scraps; absurd, though of grave materials; mine, though the elements are anothers;" + }, + { + "id": 1889, + "la": "ne in sacris et fabulis aut Thyonianum mireris aut Virbium, illum de Dionyso, hunc de Hippolyto reformatum", + "en": "lest you should wonder at the accounts given by priests or poets of the Son of Thyone or of Virbius1'the first reshaped out of Dionysus, the second out of Hippolytus." + }, + { + "id": 1890, + "la": "Et si pateris, ut doceam docendus ipse, cento quid sit, absolvam", + "en": "And if you will suffer me, who need instruction myself, to instruct you, I will expound what a cento is." + }, + { + "id": 1891, + "la": "variis de locis sensibusque diversis quaedam carminis structura solidatur, in unum versum ut coeant aut caesi duo aut unus et sequens cum medio", + "en": "It is a poem compactly built out of a variety of passages and different meanings, in such a way that either two half-lines are joined together to form one, or one line and the following half with another half." + }, + { + "id": 1892, + "la": "nam duos iunctim locare ineptum est, et tres una serie merae nugae", + "en": "For to place two (whole) lines side by side is weak, and three in succession is mere trifling." + }, + { + "id": 1893, + "la": "diffinduntur autem per caesuras omnes, quas recipit versus heroicus, convenire ut possit aut penthemimeris cum reliquo anapaestico, aut trochaice cum posteriore segmento, aut septem semipedes cum anapaestico chorico, aut post dactylum atque semipedem quidquid restat hexametro: simile ut dicas ludicro, quod Graeci ostomachion vocavere", + "en": "But the lines2 are divided at any of the caesurae which heroic verse admits, so that either a penthemimeris can be linked with an anapaestic continuation , or a trochaic fragment with a complementary section, or seven half-feet with a choric anapaest , or after a dactyl and a half-foot is placed whatever is needed to complete the hexameter: so that you may say it is like the puzzle which the Greeks have called ostomachia.1" + }, + { + "id": 1894, + "la": "ossicula ea sunt: ad summam quattuordecim figuras geometricas habent", + "en": "There you have little pieces of bone, fourteen in number and representing geometrical figures." + }, + { + "id": 1895, + "la": "sunt enim aequaliter triquetra vel extentis lineis vel [eiusdem] frontis, [vel rectis] angulis vel obliquis: isoscele ipsi vel isopleura vocant, orthogonia quoque et scalena", + "en": "For some are equilateral triangles, some with sides of various lengths, some symmetrical, some with right angles, some with oblique: the same people call them isosceles or equal-sided triangles, and also right-angled and scalene." + }, + { + "id": 1896, + "la": "harum verticularum variis coagmentis simulantur species mille formarum: helephantus belua aut aper bestia, anser volans et mirmillo in armis, subsidens venator et latrans canis, quin et turris et cantharus et alia huiusmodi innumerabilium figurarum, quae alius alio scientius variegant", + "en": "By fitting these pieces together in various ways, pictures of countless objects are produced: a monstrous elephant, a brutal boar, a goose in flight, and a gladiator in armour, a huntsman crouching down, and a dog barking'even a tower and a tankard and numberless other things of this sort, whose variety depends upon the skill of the player." + }, + { + "id": 1897, + "la": "sed peritorum concinnatio miraculum est, imperitorum iunctura ridiculum", + "en": "But while the harmonious arrangement of the skilful is marvellous, the jumble made by the unskilled is grotesque." + }, + { + "id": 1898, + "la": "quo praedicto scies, quod ego posteriorem imitatus sum", + "en": "This prefaced, you will know that I am like the second kind of player." + }, + { + "id": 1899, + "la": "Hoc ergo centonis opusculum ut ille ludus tractatur, pari modo sensus diversi ut congruant, adoptiva quae sunt, ut cognata videantur, aliena ne interluceant: arcessita ne vim redarguant, densa ne supra modum protuberent, hiulca ne pateant", + "en": "And so this little work, the Cento, is handled in the same way as the game described, so as to harmonize different meanings, to make pieces arbitrarily connected seem naturally related, to let foreign elements show no chink of light between, to prevent the far-fetched from proclaiming the force which united them, the closely packed from bulging unduly, the loosely knit from gaping." + }, + { + "id": 1900, + "la": "quae si omnia ita tibi videbuntur, ut praeceptum est, dices me composuisse centonem", + "en": "If you find all these conditions duly fulfilled according to rule, you will say that I have compiled a cento." + }, + { + "id": 1901, + "la": "et quia sub imperatore meo tum merui, procedere mihi inter frequentes stipendium iubebis:", + "en": "And because I served at the time1 under my commanding officer, you will direct that pay be issued to me as for regular service;2" + }, + { + "id": 1902, + "la": "sin aliter, aere dirutum fades, ut cumulo carminis in fiscum suum redacto redeant versus, unde venerunt vale", + "en": "but if otherwise, you will sentence me to forfeit pay, so that this lump sum of verse may be returned to its proper pay-chest, and the verses go back to the source from which they came. Farewell." + }, + { + "id": 1903, + "la": "Accipite haec animis laetasque advertite mentes, ambo animis, ambo insignes praestantibus armis;", + "en": "Give heed to these my words and hither turn gladsome minds, ye twain for courage, ye twain for prowess in arms renowned," + }, + { + "id": 1904, + "la": "ambo florentes, genus insuperabile bello", + "en": "ye twain who prosper'a breed invincible in war." + }, + { + "id": 1905, + "la": "tuque prior, nam te maioribus ire per altum auspiciis manifesta fides, quo iustior alter nec pietate fuit, nec bello maior et armis;", + "en": "And thou especially'for there is clear assurance that under high omens thou passest oer the deep'than whom none ever was more strict in reverence of the gods, none greater in war and deeds of arms;" + }, + { + "id": 1906, + "la": "tuque puerque tuus, magnae spes altera Romae, flos veterum virtusque virum, mea maxima cura, nomine avum referens, animo manibusque parentem", + "en": "thou and thy son, the second hope of mighty Rome, the flower and excellence of heroes of old time and my especial charge'he who in name is his grandfathers double, but in spirit and in might his fathers." + }, + { + "id": 1907, + "la": "non iniussa cano", + "en": "I sing as I am bidden." + }, + { + "id": 1908, + "la": "sua cuique exorsa laborem fortunamque ferent: mihi iussa capessere fas est", + "en": "To each his own essay shall bring toil and event: for me tis lawful to perform a task enjoined." + }, + { + "id": 1909, + "la": "Expectata dies aderat dignisque hymenaeis matres atque viri, iuvenes ante ora parentum conveniunt stratoque super discumbitur ostro", + "en": "The looked-for day was come, and at the noble bridal, matrons and men, with youths under their parents eyes, gather together and recline on coverlets of purple." + }, + { + "id": 1910, + "la": "dant famuli manibus lymphas onerantque canistris dona laboratae Cereris pinguisque ferinae viscera tosta ferunt", + "en": "Servants bring water for their hands, load in baskets the gifts of hard-won Ceres, and bear the roasted flesh of fat game." + }, + { + "id": 1911, + "la": "series longissima rerum: alituum pecudumque genus capreaeque sequaces non absunt illic neque oves haedique petulci et genus aequoreum, dammae cervique fugaces: ante oculos interque manus sunt mitia poma", + "en": "Most ample the list of their dainties: all kinds of fowl and flesh with wanton goat are present there, and sheep and playful kids, the watery tribe, and does, and timid stags: before their gaze and in their hands are mellow apples." + }, + { + "id": 1912, + "la": "Postquam exempta fames et amor compressus edendi, crateras magnos statuunt Bacchumque ministrant", + "en": "When hunger had been put away and desire for food was stayed, great mixing bowls are set and wine is served." + }, + { + "id": 1913, + "la": "sacra canunt, plaudunt choreas et carmina dicunt", + "en": "Hymns do they chant, they beat the ground in dances, and songs repeat." + }, + { + "id": 1914, + "la": "nec non Thraeicius longa cum veste sacerdos obloquitur numeris septem discrimina vocum", + "en": "Withal, a longrobed Thracian priest accompanies on his seven strings their various tones." + }, + { + "id": 1915, + "la": "at parte ex alia biforem dat tibia cantum", + "en": "But on another side the flute breathes song from its twin mouths." + }, + { + "id": 1916, + "la": "omnibus una quies operum, cunctique relictis consurgunt mensis: per limina laeta frequentes, discurrunt variantque vices populusque patres que, matronae, pueri, vocemque per ampia volutant atria: dependent lychni laquearibus aureis", + "en": "All have the same repose from toil, and all arising leave the tables: passing in a throng over the jocund threshold, the company of fathers, mothers, boys, disperses into ever-changing groups, their voices echoing through the spacious halls beneath the lamps which from the gilded fretting hang." + }, + { + "id": 1917, + "la": "Tandem progreditur Veneris iustissima cura, iam matura viro, iam plenis nubilis annis, virginis os habitumque gerens, cui plurimus ignem subiecit rubor et calefacta per ora cucurrit, intentos volvens oculos, uritque videndo", + "en": "At length comes forth Venus most lawful charge, already ripe for wedlock, already of full age for marriage, wearing a maidens look and garb, oer whose flushed cheeks a deep blush spreads, suffusing fire, while round she throws her eager eyes and inflames all with her gaze." + }, + { + "id": 1918, + "la": "illam omnis tectis agrisque effusa iuventus turbaque miratur matrum", + "en": "At her the whole company of youths, gathered from house and field, and throng of matrons marvel." + }, + { + "id": 1919, + "la": "vestigia primi alba pedis, dederatque comam diffundere ventis", + "en": "The whiteness of her advancing foot she displays,1 her hair she had given to the winds to spread abroad." + }, + { + "id": 1920, + "la": "fert picturatas auri subtemine vestes, ornatus Argivae Helenae: qualisque videri caelicolis et quanta solet Venus aurea contra, talis erat species, talem se laeta ferebat ad soceros solioque alte subnixa resedit", + "en": "She wears a robe embroidered with thread of gold, apparel such as Argive Helen wore: as golden Venus is wont to appear before the gods in Heaven in beauty and in stature, so seemed she, and in such wise the joyful maid drew near the bridegrooms parents and sat supported on a lofty throne." + }, + { + "id": 1921, + "la": "At parte ex alia foribus sese intulit altis ora puer prima signans intonsa iuventa, pictus aen chlamydem auratam, quam plurima circum purpura maeandro duplici Meliboea cucurrit, et tunicam, molli mater quam neverat auro: os umerosque deo similis lumenque iuventae", + "en": "But from the other side there entered by the lofty doors a youth whose unshorn cheeks bare token of early manhood, clad in a cloak bedecked with needlework of gold, about which ran an ample band of Meliboean purple in a double fret, and in a tunic wherein his mother had woven tissue of soft gold." + }, + { + "id": 1922, + "la": "qualis, ubi oceani perfusus Lucifer unda extulit os sacrum caelo: sic ora ferebat, sic oculos cursuque amens ad limina tendit", + "en": "In face and shoulders like a god was he, and in his youthful eyes. As Lucifer when, bedrenched with Oceans waves, he lifts his sacred head in heaven, so seemed this youth in feature and in glance, as in wild haste he hastens to the threshold." + }, + { + "id": 1923, + "la": "illum turbat amor figitque in virgine vultus; oscula libavit dextramque amplexus inhaesit", + "en": "Him does Love oerwhelm, and on the maid he fixes his gaze; he tastes her kisses and, grasping her right hand, holds it close." + }, + { + "id": 1924, + "la": "Incedunt pueri pariterque ante ora parentum dona ferunt, pallam signis auroque rigentem, munera portantes aurique eborisque talenta et sellam et pictum croceo velamen acantho, ingens argentum mensis colloque monile bacatum et duplicem gemmis auroque coronam", + "en": "The boys advance and, all together before their parents eyes, bring their gifts, a robe stiff with embroidery of gold, carrying as offerings talents of gold and ivory, a chair, a veil adorned with acanthus leaves in saffron, a great piece of plate for the table, for the neck a string of pearls, and a diadem of both gems and gold." + }, + { + "id": 1925, + "la": "olli serva datur geminique sub ubere nati: quattuor huic iuvenes totidem innuptaeque puellae:", + "en": "To her a slave-girl is given with twin children at her breast: to him, four youths and as many maids unwed," + }, + { + "id": 1926, + "la": "omnibus in morem tonsa coma; pectore summo flexilis obtorti per collum circulus auri", + "en": "all with heads shorn as custom is; while on their breasts hung pliant necklets of twisted gold." + }, + { + "id": 1927, + "la": "Tum studio effusae matres ad limina ducunt;", + "en": "Both Then eagerly pressing forth, the matrons lead the pair to the threshold;" + }, + { + "id": 1928, + "la": "at chorus aequalis, pueri innuptaeque puellae, versibus incomptis ludunt et carmina dicunt:", + "en": "but the company of their peers, boys and unwedded girls, make merry with unpolished verse, and thus they sing:" + }, + { + "id": 1929, + "la": "O digno coniuncta viro, gratissima coniunx,", + "en": "O thou that art mated with a worthy lord, bride most acceptable," + }, + { + "id": 1930, + "la": "sis felix, primos Lucinae experta labores et mater", + "en": "mayest thou be blessed when thou first hast felt Lucinas pangs and art a mother." + }, + { + "id": 1931, + "la": "cape Maeonii carchesia Bacchi", + "en": "Take goblets of Maeonian wine." + }, + { + "id": 1932, + "la": "sparge, marite, nuces; cinge haec altaria vitta, flos veterum virtusque virum: tibi ducitur uxor, omnes ut tecum meritis pro talibus annos exigat et pulchra faciat te prole parentem", + "en": "O bridegroom, scatter nuts; wreathe round these altars with fillets, thou flower and excellence of heroes of old time: thou takst a wife to live out all her years with thee'such is thy high worth'and with fair offspring to make thee a father." + }, + { + "id": 1933, + "la": "fortunati ambo, si quid pia numina possunt, vivite felices.", + "en": "Blessed be ye both, if favouring gods aught avail, live happily!" + }, + { + "id": 1934, + "la": "dixerunt currite fusis concordes stabili fatorum numine Parcae", + "en": "The Parcae, one in heart with the unwavering power of Destiny, cried to their spindles, Speed on!" + }, + { + "id": 1935, + "la": "Postquam est in thalami pendentia pumice tecta perventum, licito tandem sermone fruuntur", + "en": "When they twain were come into the bridal chamber with its soaring vault of stone, they enjoy such speech as is at length permitted." + }, + { + "id": 1936, + "la": "congressi iungunt dextras stratisque reponunt", + "en": "Meeting, they clasp hands and repose upon the couch." + }, + { + "id": 1937, + "la": "at Cytherea novas artes et pronuba Iuno sollicitat suadetque ignota lacessere bella", + "en": "But Cytherea with Juno, patroness of wedlock, stirs new-born arts in them, and moves them to join contests hitherto unknown." + }, + { + "id": 1938, + "la": "ille ubi complexu molli fovet atque repente accepit solitam flammam lectumque iugalem:", + "en": "And when he fondles her in his soft embrace, and suddenly has caught the flame inspiring wedded love, then he:" + }, + { + "id": 1939, + "la": "O virgo, nova mi facies, gratissima coniunx, venisti tandem, mea sola et sera voluptas", + "en": "O maiden, new to my sight, bride most acceptable, thou art come at length, my only joy so long denied." + }, + { + "id": 1940, + "la": "o dulcis coniunx, non haec sine numine divum proveniunt: placitone etiam pugnabis amori?", + "en": "O my sweet bride, these feelings arise not save by the will of Heaven, and wilt thou strive even against lawful love?" + }, + { + "id": 1941, + "la": "Talia dicentem iamdudum aversa tuetur cunctaturque metu telumque instare tremiscit spemque metumque inter funditque has ore loquelas:", + "en": "While thus he speaks, she for a long while keeps her eyes turned away, and hesitates through fear, and dreads the threatened blow, half hoping and half fearing, and so pours from her lips these words:" + }, + { + "id": 1942, + "la": "Per te, per, qui te talem genuere, parentes, o formose puer, noctem non amplius unam hanc tu, oro, solare inopem et miserere precantis", + "en": "By thyself, by the parents who begat thee, so goodly a son, O beauteous youth, I beseech thee for this one night alone to comfort my helplessness, and take pity on my prayer." + }, + { + "id": 1943, + "la": "succidimus: non lingua valet, non corpore notae sufficiunt vires, nec vox aut verba sequuntur.", + "en": "I am oercome: my tongue fails, and its wonted strength deserts my frame; and neither speech nor words are at command." + }, + { + "id": 1944, + "la": "ille autem: Causas nequiquam nectis inanes, praecipitatque moras omnis solvitque pudorem", + "en": "But he: In vain thou weavest idle excuse, and hesitation casts aside, and breaks the chains of shyness." + }, + { + "id": 1945, + "la": "Parecbasis Hactenus castis auribus audiendum mysterium nuptiale ambitu loquendi et circuitione velavi", + "en": "A Digression1 So far, to suit chaste ears, I have wrapped the mystery of wedlock in a veil of roundabout and indirect expression." + }, + { + "id": 1946, + "la": "verum quoniam et Fescenninos amat celebritas nuptialis verborumque petulantiam notus vetere instituto ludus admittit, cetera quoque cubiculi et lectuli operta prodentur ab eodem auctore collecta, ut bis erubescamus, qui et Vergilium faciamus impudentem", + "en": "But since the concourse at a wedding loves Fescennine songs, and also that wellknown form of merriment furnishes an old-established precedent for freedom of speech, the remaining secrets also, of bedchamber and couch, will be divulged in a selection from the same author, so that I have to blush twice over, since I make Virgil also immodest." + }, + { + "id": 1947, + "la": "vos, si placet, hic iam legendi modum ponite: cetera curiosis relinquite", + "en": "Those of you who so choose, set here and now a term to your reading: leave the rest for the curious." + }, + { + "id": 1948, + "la": "Postquam congressi sola sub nocte per umbram et mentem Venus ipsa dedit, nova proelia temptant", + "en": "Once they came together, in the shadows of lonely night, and Venus herself inspired them; they wage afresh the fight." + }, + { + "id": 1949, + "la": "tollit se arrectum: conantem plurima frustra occupat os faciemque,", + "en": "He raises himself erect; of one who resists in vain he attacks the mouth and face," + }, + { + "id": 1950, + "la": "pedem pede fervidus urget, perfidus alta petens: ramum, qui veste latebat, sanguineis ebuli bacis minioque rubentem nudato capite et pedibus per mutua nexis, monstrum horrendum, informe, ingens, cui lumen ademptum, eripit a femore et trepidanti fervidus instat", + "en": "proceeds fiercely step after step, treacherously steering for the deep: the rod within his garment, with elderberries scarlet and with dye made ruddy, its head left bare, as their legs together entwined, a ghastly, shocking monster, huge, no sight in its single eye, he draws forth from his flank and eagerly presses as she quivers." + }, + { + "id": 1951, + "la": "est in secessu, tenuis quo semita ducit, ignea rima micans: exhalat opaca mephitim", + "en": "In a spot secluded, where leads a narrow path, there glows a fiery chink whose depths exude foul vapor." + }, + { + "id": 1952, + "la": "nulli fas casto sceleratum insistere limen", + "en": "No one chaste dare tread this wicked threshhold." + }, + { + "id": 1953, + "la": "hic specus horrendum: talis sese halitus atris faucibus effundens nares contingit odore", + "en": "Here was an awful cave; such a breath pouring forth from its black maw struck the nostrils with its stench." + }, + { + "id": 1954, + "la": "huc iuvenis nota fertur regione viarum et super incumbens nodis et cortice crudo intorquet summis adnixus viribus hastam", + "en": "Here the youth is drawn by a way that he knows, and looming above with gnarled and native trunk he casts his spear, applying all his force." + }, + { + "id": 1955, + "la": "haesit virgineumque alte bibit acta cruorem", + "en": "It finds the mark and, driven deep, imbibes the maidens blood." + }, + { + "id": 1956, + "la": "insonuere cavae gemitumque dedere cavernae", + "en": "The hollows resound, the cavern gives a groan." + }, + { + "id": 1957, + "la": "illa manu moriens telum trahit, ossa sed inter altius ad vivum persedit vulnere mucro", + "en": "She tugs at the weapon with dying hand, but at the bone, deep within the quick, the point sinks into the wound." + }, + { + "id": 1958, + "la": "ter sese attollens cubitoque innixa levavit, ter revoluta toro est", + "en": "Three times she raised herself up, supported on her arm, three times fell back on the bed." + }, + { + "id": 1959, + "la": "manet imperterritus ille", + "en": "Undaunted he remains." + }, + { + "id": 1960, + "la": "nec mora nec requies: clavumque adfixus et haerens nusquam amittebat oculosque sub astra tenebat", + "en": "No rest there was, no respite: clinging and firmly attached he never released the tiller, and kept his eyes on the stars." + }, + { + "id": 1961, + "la": "itque reditque viam totiens uteroque recusso transadigit costas et pectine pulsat eburno", + "en": "Back and forth he plies his path and, the cavity reverberating, thrusts between the bones, and strikes with ivory quill." + }, + { + "id": 1962, + "la": "iamque fere spatio extremo fessique sub ipsam finem adventabant:", + "en": "And now, their journey covered, wearily they neared their very goal:" + }, + { + "id": 1963, + "la": "tum creber anhelitus artus aridaque ora quatit, sudor fluit undique rivis,", + "en": "then rapid breathing shakes his limbs and parched mouth, his sweat in rivers flows;" + }, + { + "id": 1964, + "la": "labitur exanguis, destillat ab inguine virus, Contentus esto, Paule mi, lasciva, Paule, pagina: ridere, nil ultra, expeto", + "en": "down he slumps bloodless; the fluid drips from his groin. Be satisfied, friend Paul, Paul, with this naughty page: Laughter'naught else'I ask." + }, + { + "id": 1965, + "la": "Sed cum legeris, adesto mihi adversum eos, qui, ut Iuvenalis ait, Curios simulant et Bacchanalia vivunt, ne fortasse mores meos spectent de carmine", + "en": "But when you have done reading, stand by me to face those who, as Juvenal says' Put on the airs of Curius and live like Bacchanals, lest perchance they picture my life in colours of my poem." + }, + { + "id": 1966, + "la": "Lasciva est nobis pagina, vita proba, ut Martialis dicit", + "en": "My page is naughty, but my life is clean, as Martial says." + }, + { + "id": 1967, + "la": "meminerint autem, quippe eruditi, probissimo viro Plinio in poematiis lasciviam, in moribus constitisse censuram;", + "en": "But let them remember, learned as they are, that Pliny, a most honourable man, shows looseness in his scraps of verse, rigour in his private life;" + }, + { + "id": 1968, + "la": "prurire opusculum Sulpiciae, frontem caperare;", + "en": "that Sulpicias1 little work is wanton, her outlook prim;" + }, + { + "id": 1969, + "la": "esse Appuleium in vita philosophum, in epigrammatis amatorem;", + "en": "that in morals Apuleius was a philosopher, in his epigrams a lover;" + }, + { + "id": 1970, + "la": "in praeceptis Ciceronis extare severitatem, in epistulis ad Caerelliam subesse petulantiam;", + "en": "that in the precepts of Cicero strictness is prominent, in his letters to Caerellia2 licence lurks;" + }, + { + "id": 1971, + "la": "Platonis Symposion composita in ephebos epyllia continere", + "en": "that Platos Symposium contains rhapsodies upon favourites." + }, + { + "id": 1972, + "la": "nam quid Anniani Fescenninos, quid antiquissimi poetae Laevii Erotopaegnion libros loquar?", + "en": "For what shall I say of the Fescennine verses of Annianus,3 what of the volumes of the Jeu dAmour of Laevius,4 that most ancient poet?" + }, + { + "id": 1973, + "la": "quid Evenum, quem Menander sapientem vocavit?", + "en": "What of Evenus,5 whom Menander has called the Wise?" + }, + { + "id": 1974, + "la": "quid ipsum Menandrum?", + "en": "What of Menander himself?" + }, + { + "id": 1975, + "la": "quid comicos omnes, quibus severa vita est et laeta materia?", + "en": "What of all the comic poets, whose lives were strict for all the broad humour of their subjects." + }, + { + "id": 1976, + "la": "quid etiam Maronem Parthenien dictum causa pudoris, qui in octavo Aeneidos, cum describeret coitum Veneris atque Vulcani, o decenter immiscuit?", + "en": "What also of Maro, called Parthenias (the Maidenly) because of his modesty,1 who in the eighth book of the Aeneid,2 when describing the intercourse of Venus and Vulcan, has gravely introduced a mixed element of lofty obscenity?" + }, + { + "id": 1977, + "la": "quid? in tertio Georgicorum de summissis in gregem maritis nonne obscenam significationem honesta verborum translatione velavit?", + "en": "And again, in the third book of the Georgics,3 on cattle-breeding, has he not veiled an indecent meaning under an innocent metaphor?" + }, + { + "id": 1978, + "la": "et si quid in nostro ioco aliquorum hominum severitas vestita condemnat, de Vergilio arcessitum sciat", + "en": "And if the primly-draped propriety of certain folk condemns aught in my playful piece, let them know that it is taken out of Virgil." + }, + { + "id": 1979, + "la": "igitur cui hic ludus noster non placet, ne legerit, aut cum legerit, obliviscatur, aut non oblitus ignoscat", + "en": "So anyone who disapproves of this farce of mine should not read it, or once he has read it, let him forget it, or if he has not forgotten it, let him pardon it." + }, + { + "id": 1980, + "la": "etenim fabula de nuptiis est et, velit nolit, aliter haec sacra non constant", + "en": "For, as a matter of fact, it is the story of a wedding, and, like it or dislike it, the rites are exactly as I have described." + }, + { + "id": 1981, + "la": "Scio versiculis meis evenire, ut fastidiose legantur: quippe sic meritum est eorum", + "en": "I know that it is the fate of my poor poems to be read with a feeling of weariness: that is indeed what they deserve." + }, + { + "id": 1982, + "la": "sed quosdam solet commendare materia et aliquotiens fortasse lectorem solum lemma sollicitat tituli, ut festivitate persuasus et ineptiam ferre contentus sit", + "en": "But some are recommended by their subject-matter; and at times, perhaps, the explanatory heading alone so attracts the reader that, allured by its gaiety, he cheerfully puts up with its insipidness." + }, + { + "id": 1983, + "la": "hoc opusculum nec materia amoenum est nec appellatione iucundum", + "en": "This little volume is neither cheerful as regards its subject, nor attractive in title." + }, + { + "id": 1984, + "la": "habet maestam religionem, qua carorum meorum obitus tristi adfectione commemoro", + "en": "It is endued with that mournful affection with which I commemorate in sorrowing love the loss of my dear ones." + }, + { + "id": 1985, + "la": "titulus libelli est Parentalia", + "en": "The book is headed Parentalia," + }, + { + "id": 1986, + "la": "antiquae appellationis hie dies et iam inde ab Numa cognatorum inferiis institutus: nec quidquam sanctius habet reverentia superstitum, quam ut amissos venerabiliter recordetur", + "en": "after the solemn day2 so called in ancient times, being indeed appointed so long ago as the times of Numa for offerings to departed relatives. The loving respect of the living has, indeed, no more sacred office it can perform than to call to mind with due reverence those who are lost to us." + }, + { + "id": 1987, + "la": "Nomina carorum iam condita funere iusto, fleta prius lacrimis, nunc memorabo modis, nuda, sine ornatu fandique carentia cultu: sufficit inferiis exequialis honos", + "en": "Names of my dear ones long honourably buried'names that were once mourned with tears'shall now be recalled in verse.3 What though it leave them bare, undecked, and unadorned with well polished phrase?" + }, + { + "id": 1988, + "la": "nenia, funereis satis officiosa querellis, annua ne tacitis munera praetereas, quae Numa cognatis sollemnia dedicat umbris, ut gradus aut mortis postulat aut generis", + "en": "The funereal tribute1 is offering enough to the departed. O Dirge, so ready to do service with plaints for the dead, forget not thy yearly tribute to these silent ones'that tribute which Numa ordained should be offered year by year to the shades of our relatives, according as the nearness of their death or kinship demands.2" + }, + { + "id": 1989, + "la": "hoc satis est tumulis, satis est telluris egenis: voce ciere animas funeris instar habet", + "en": "For the buried, as for those who lack earth to cover them, one rite suffices: to call on the soul by name counts for the full ceremony." + }, + { + "id": 1990, + "la": "gaudent conpositi cineres sua nomina dici: frontibus hoc scriptis et monumenta iubent", + "en": "Our dead ones laid to rest rejoice to hear their names: and thus even the lettered stones above their graves would have us do." + }, + { + "id": 1991, + "la": "ille etiam, maesti cui defuit urna sepulcri, nomine ter dicto paene sepultus erit", + "en": "Even he who lacks the sad urn of burial will be well-nigh as though interred, if his name be uttered thrice." + }, + { + "id": 1992, + "la": "at tu, quicumque es, lector, qui fata meorum dignaris maestis conmemorare elegis, inconcussa tuae percurras tempora vitae et praeter iustum funera nulla fleas", + "en": "But you, my reader, whosoeer you be, who deign to recall in these sad plaints the deaths of those I loved, may you pass your span of life without a shock, and never have to mourn a death save in the course of nature." + }, + { + "id": 1993, + "la": "Primus in his pater Ausonius, quem ponere primum, etsi cunctetur filius, ordo iubet", + "en": "First among these I name Ausonius my father; and even if his son should hesitate to place him first, yet natural order will have it so." + }, + { + "id": 1994, + "la": "cura dei, placidae functus quod honore senectae undecies binas vixit Olympiadas, omnia, quae voluit, qui prospera vidit: eidem, optavit quidquid, contigit, ut voluit", + "en": "He was Gods special care, seeing that he enjoyed the glory of a calm old age, and lived through twice eleven Olympiads. All that he wished for, he saw fulfilled: likewise whateer he desired befell him as he wished." + }, + { + "id": 1995, + "la": "non quia fatorum nimia indulgentia, sed quod tam moderata illi vota fuere viro", + "en": "It was not that Fate was more kind to him than is her wont, but that this worthy man was so reasonable in all his hopes." + }, + { + "id": 1996, + "la": "quem sua contendit septem sapientibus aetas, quorum doctrinam moribus excoluit, viveret ut potius quam diceret, arte sophorum, quamquam et facundo non rudis ingenio", + "en": "His own age matched him with the Seven Sages, whose teaching he so closely practised in his life as to live by the rule of wisdom rather than profess it, albeit he was not unskilled nor lacking in the gift of eloquence." + }, + { + "id": 1997, + "la": "praeditus et vitas hominum ratione medendi porrigere et fatis amplificare moras", + "en": "To him was given the power to prolong mens lives by means of medicine, and make the Fates wait their full time." + }, + { + "id": 1998, + "la": "inde et perfunctae manet haec reverentia vitae, aetas nostra illi quod dedit hunc titulum: ut nullum Ausonius, quem sectaretur, habebat, sic nullum, qui se nunc imitetur, habet", + "en": "Wherefore, though his lifes task is ended, so great a reverence for him lingers yet that our own age has given him this epitaph: Even as Ausonius had none for him to follow, so he has none who now can match his skill." + }, + { + "id": 1999, + "la": "Proxima tu, genetrix Aeonia, sanguine mixto Tarbellae matris patris et Haeduici", + "en": "Next will I sing of you, Aeonia, who gave me birth, in whom was mingled the blood of a mother from Tarbellae and of an Aeduan father." + }, + { + "id": 2000, + "la": "morigerae uxoris virtus cui contigit omnis, fama pudicitiae lanificaeque manus coniugiique fides et natos cura regendi et gravitas comis laetaque serietas", + "en": "In you was found every virtue of a duteous wife, chastity renowned, hands busy spinning wool, truth to your bridal vows, pains to bring up your children: sedate were you yet friendly, sober yet bright." + }, + { + "id": 2001, + "la": "aeternum placidos manes conplexa mariti, viva torum quondam, functa fove tumulum", + "en": "Now that for ever you embrace your husbands peaceful shade, still cheer in death his tomb, as once in life you cheered his bed." + }, + { + "id": 2002, + "la": "Culta mihi est pietas patre primum et matre vocatis, dici set refugit tertius Arborius, quem primum memorare nefas mihi patre secundo, rursum non primum ponere paene nefas", + "en": "Natural affection bade me utter first my fathers and my mothers names, and yet Arborius refuses to take third place. Though it were an outrage to mention him first and my father after him, yet again it is scarcely less to deny him the first place." + }, + { + "id": 2003, + "la": "temperies adhibenda, [et proxirnus ille vocandus1] ante alios, quamquam patre secundus erit", + "en": "So let us compromise; let him be named next, before all others, although he will be second to my father." + }, + { + "id": 2004, + "la": "tu trater genetricis et unanimis genitori, et mihi qui fueris, quod pater et genetrix, qui me lactantem, puerum iuvenemque virumque artibus ornasti, quas didicisse iuvat' te sibi Palladiae antetulit toga docta Tolosae, te Narbonensis Gallia praeposuit, ornasti cuius Latio sermone tribunal et fora Hiberorum quaeque Novem populis", + "en": "You, my mothers brother, and one in soul with my father, and to me who were as my father and my mother, who in my infancy, boyhood, youth, and manhood, instructed me in arts which it is a delight to have learned'you the learned gownsmen of Toulouse, that home of Pallas, made their chief, you Gaul of Narbonne'a province whose tribunal you enriched with Roman eloquence, as also the courts of Spain and Novempopulonia.1" + }, + { + "id": 2005, + "la": "hinc tenus Europam fama crescente petito Constantinopolis rhetore te viguit", + "en": "Hence your fame was spread all over Europe, until Constantinople claimed you as its professor and flourished under your instruction." + }, + { + "id": 2006, + "la": "tu per mille modos, per mille oracula fandi doctus, facundus, tu celer, atque memor", + "en": "It was you, skilled and eloquent of speech through all its countless devices, through all its countless utterances of majesty;" + }, + { + "id": 2007, + "la": "tu, postquam primis placui tibi traditus annis, dixisti nato me satis esse tibi, me tibi, me patribus clarum decus esse professus dictasti fatis verba notanda meis", + "en": "you, quick of wit and sure of memory; you who, when in my earliest years I was committed to your charge and pleased you well, said you needed nothing more since I was in the world. And when you avowed that I was a glory, I an honour to you and to my parents, you dictated words to be entered in the book of my destiny." + }, + { + "id": 2008, + "la": "Ergo vale Elysiam sortitus, avuncule, sedem: haec tibi de Musis carmina libo tuis", + "en": "And so farewell, my uncle, in the Elysian abode appointed you: I make this offering of verse to you from the cup of your own Muses." + }, + { + "id": 2009, + "la": "Officiosa pium ne desere, pagina, munus: maternum post hos commemoremus avum Arborium, Haeduico ductum de stemmate nomen, conplexum multas nobilitate domus, qua Lugdunensis provincia quaque potentes Haedues, Alpino quaque Vienna iugo", + "en": "Forsake not your sacred task, my duteous page: next after these let me celebrate the memory of my mothers father, Arborius who derived his name from a line of Aeduan ancestors, uniting the blood of many a noble house, both of the province of Lyons, and of that land where the Aedui held sway, and in the country of Vienne bordered by Alpine heights." + }, + { + "id": 2010, + "la": "invida set nimium generique opibusque superbis aerumna incubuit;", + "en": "But trouble, all too jealous of lineage and proud wealth, weighed heavy upon him;" + }, + { + "id": 2011, + "la": "namque avus et genitor proscripti, regnum cum Victorinus haberet ductor et in Tetricos recidit imperium", + "en": "for my grandfather and his father were proscribed when Victorinus1 was holding sway as prince, and when the supreme power passed into the hands of the two Tetrici.2" + }, + { + "id": 2012, + "la": "tum profugum in terris, per quas erumpit Aturrus Tarbellique furor perstrepit oceani, grassantis dudum fortunae tela paventem pauperis Aemiliae condicio inplicuit", + "en": "Then, while in exile in the lands through which the Adour breaks forth to the sea, and where wild Ocean rages on the shore of Tarbellae (Dax), though still he feared the arrows of Fortune who so long had sought his life, he was united in marriage with penniless Aemilia." + }, + { + "id": 2013, + "la": "mox tenuis multo quaesita pecunia nisu solamen fesso, non et opes tribuit", + "en": "In time a scanty sum gathered with great pains furnished his wearied age with some relief, though not with wealth." + }, + { + "id": 2014, + "la": "tu caeli numeros et conscia sidera fati callebas studium dissimulanter agens", + "en": "You'though you cloaked your pursuits'had skill in the measures of the heavens and in the stars which keep the secret of mans destiny." + }, + { + "id": 2015, + "la": "non ignota tibi nostrae quoque formula vitae, signatis quam tu condideras tabulis, prodita non umquam;", + "en": "Not unknown to you was the outline of my life, which you had hidden in a sealed tablet, and never betrayed;" + }, + { + "id": 2016, + "la": "sed matris cura retexit, sedula quam timidi cura tegebat avi", + "en": "but my mothers forward care revealed that which the care of my shy grandfather sought to conceal." + }, + { + "id": 2017, + "la": "tu novies denos vitam cum duxeris annos, expertus Fortis tela cavenda deae, amissum flesti per trina decennia natum saucius: hoc leto lumine cassus eras", + "en": "When you had lived a life of ninety years, you found how to be dreaded are the arrows of the goddess Chance, and wounded by her shaft, mourned for a son, lost in his thirtieth year'a death which blotted the light out of your life." + }, + { + "id": 2018, + "la": "dicebas sed te solacia longa fovere, quod mea praecipuus fata maneret honos", + "en": "Yet you would say that some consolation, though far remote, cheered you, because high distinction awaited my destiny." + }, + { + "id": 2019, + "la": "et modo conciliis animarum mixte priorum fata tui certe nota nepotis habes", + "en": "And now that you join in the assemblies of souls that are gone before, surely you have knowledge of your grandsons fortunes:" + }, + { + "id": 2020, + "la": "sentis, quod quaestor, quod te praefectus et idem consul honorifico munere conmemoro", + "en": "you feel that a quaestor, that a prefect, and likewise a consul am I who now commemorate you with a tribute in your honour." + }, + { + "id": 2021, + "la": "Aemiliam nunc fare aviam, pia cura nepotis, coniunx praedicto quae fuit Arborio", + "en": "Now must a grandsons duteous affection tell of Aemilia, my grandmother, who was the spouse of that Arborius named above." + }, + { + "id": 2022, + "la": "nomen huic ioculare datum, cute fusca quod olim aequales inter Maura vocata fuit", + "en": "Her name was given her in play, because for her dark complexion she was called Maura in old days by her girl-friends." + }, + { + "id": 2023, + "la": "sed non atra animo, qui clarior esset olore et non calcata qui nive candidior", + "en": "But she was not dark in her soul, which was whiter than a swan and brighter than untrodden snow." + }, + { + "id": 2024, + "la": "et non deliciis ignoscere prompta pudendis ad perpendiculum seque suosque habuit", + "en": "She was not ready to overlook shameful indulgences, but kept herself rigidly upright1 and her household as well." + }, + { + "id": 2025, + "la": "haec me praereptum cunis et ab ubere matris blanda sub austeris inbuit inperiis", + "en": "When I was torn too soon from my cradle and my mothers breast, kindly was her early training though hid beneath stern rule." + }, + { + "id": 2026, + "la": "tranquillos aviae cineres praestate, quieti aeternum manes, si pia verba loquor", + "en": "Ye ever restful shades, grant peace to my grandmothers ashes, if I utter righteous prayer." + }, + { + "id": 2027, + "la": "Tuque gradu generis matertera, sed vice matris adfectu nati commemoranda pio, Aemilia, in cunis Hilari cognomen adepta, quod laeta et pueri comis ad effigiem, reddebas verum non dissimulanter ephebum, more virum medicis artibus experiens", + "en": "You too who, though in kinships degree an aunt, were to me a mother, must now be recalled with a sons affection, Aemilia, who in the cradle gained the second name of Hilarus2 (Blithesome), because, bright and cheerful after the fashion of a boy, you made without pretence the very picture of a lad . . .3 busied in the art of healing, like a man." + }, + { + "id": 2028, + "la": "feminei sexus odium tibi semper et inde crevit devotae virginitatis amor", + "en": "You ever hated your female sex, and so there grew up in you the love of consecrated maidenhood." + }, + { + "id": 2029, + "la": "quae tibi septenos novies est culta per annos quique aevi finis, ipse pudicitiae", + "en": "Through three and sixty years you maintained it, and your lifes end was also a maidens end." + }, + { + "id": 2030, + "la": "haec, quia uti mater monitis et amore fovebas, supremis reddo filius exequiis", + "en": "You cherished me with your precepts and your love as might a mother; and therefore as a son I make you this return at your last rites." + }, + { + "id": 2031, + "la": "Et patruos, elegea, meos reminiscere cantu, Contemtum, tellus quem Rutupina tegit;", + "en": "And now, my lay, call back in song the memory of my uncles, of Contemtus who lies buried in the soil of Rutupiae1;" + }, + { + "id": 2032, + "la": "magna cui et variae quaesita pecunia sortis heredis nullo nomine tuta perit;", + "en": "whose great wealth, gained through various hazards, perished unguarded by the name of any heir;" + }, + { + "id": 2033, + "la": "raptus enim laetis et adhuc florentibus annis trans mare et ignaris fratribus oppetiit", + "en": "for dying untimely, when he was still in the prime and vigour of his years, he met his end beyond the sea and without his brothers knowledge." + }, + { + "id": 2034, + "la": "Iulius in longam produxit fata senectam, adfectus damnis innumerabilibus", + "en": "Julius lived on into extreme old age, oerwhelmed with losses beyond reckoning." + }, + { + "id": 2035, + "la": "qui comis blandusque et mensa commodus uncta heredes solo nomine nos habuit", + "en": "Cheerful, courteous, an agreeable host at his well-appointed board, he left me his heir, though only in name." + }, + { + "id": 2036, + "la": "Ambo pii, vultu similes, ioca seria mixti, aevi fortunam non habuere parem", + "en": "Both loving, both alike in countenance, both mingling grave and gay, they were ill-matched in their allotted spans of life." + }, + { + "id": 2037, + "la": "discreti quamquam tumulis et honore iacetis, commune hoc vobis munus habete, vale.", + "en": "Though ye lie far apart and lack the privilege of a common tomb, yet take this single offering to you both, my fare thee well!" + }, + { + "id": 2038, + "la": "Qui proceres veteremque volet celebrare senatum claraque ab exortu stemmata Burdigalae, teque tuumque genus memoret, Lucane Talisi, moribus ornasti qui veteres proavos", + "en": "Whoso would praise the nobles, the ancient Senate, and the houses of Bordeaux, illustrious from their first arising, let him tell of you and of your race, Lucanus Talisius'of you, whose life has added lustre to your ancient line." + }, + { + "id": 2039, + "la": "pulcher honore oris, tranquillo pectore comis, facundo quamvis maior ab ingenio:", + "en": "Handsome and noble in features, gentle and kindly in heart, your gift of eloquence made you yet greater still." + }, + { + "id": 2040, + "la": "venatu et ruris cultu victusque nitore omne aevum peragens, publica despiciens:", + "en": "You spent all your life in hunting, and husbandry, and all the pleasures of a refined life, despising public affairs." + }, + { + "id": 2041, + "la": "nosci inter primos cupiens, prior esse recusans, ipse tuo vivens segregus arbitrio", + "en": "Eager to be recognized among the foremost, yet you refused to be the foremost, by living in seclusion from the throng at your own pleasure." + }, + { + "id": 2042, + "la": "optabas tu me generum florente iuventa:", + "en": "When youths heyday was mine, you desired me for your daughters husband;" + }, + { + "id": 2043, + "la": "optare hoc tantum, non et habere datum, vota probant superi meritisque faventia sanctis inplent fata, viri quod voluere boni, et nunc perpetui sentis sub honore sepulcri, quam reverens natae quamque tui maneam", + "en": "but you were suffered only to desire this, not also to attain it. The Gods above give effect to prayers, and the Fates looking kindly on unsullied worth, fulfil what good men desire; and now, deep in the eternal tomb where rest your honoured bones, you still feel how constant I abide to your daughters memory and to your own." + }, + { + "id": 2044, + "la": "caelebs namque gener haec nunc pia munera solvo: nam et caelebs numquam desinam et esse gener", + "en": "For unwedded, I, your son-in-law, now pay this tribute of devotion: nor will I ever cease to be both unwed and your son-in-law." + }, + { + "id": 2045, + "la": "Hactenus ut caros, ita iusto funere fletos functa piis cecinit nenia nostra modis", + "en": "Thus far my dirge, fulfilling its sacred task, has sung in loving strains of those who, though dear, were mourned but in the course of nature." + }, + { + "id": 2046, + "la": "nunc dolor atque cruces nec contrectabile vulnus, coniugis ereptae mors memoranda mihi, nobilis a proavis et origine clara senatus, moribus atque bonis clara Sabina magis", + "en": "Now my grief and anguish and a wound that cannot bear a touch'the death of my wife snatched away untimely, must be told by me. High was her ancestry and noble in her birth from a line of senators, but yet Sabina was ennobled more by her good life." + }, + { + "id": 2047, + "la": "te iuvenis primis luxi deceptus in annis perque novem caelebs te fleo Olympiadas, nec licet obductum senio sopire dolorem; semper crudescit nam mihi paene recens", + "en": "In youth I wept for you, robbed of my hopes in early years, and through these six and thirty years, unwedded, I have mourned, and mourn you still. Age has crept over me, but yet I cannot lull my pain; for ever it keeps raw and well-nigh new to me." + }, + { + "id": 2048, + "la": "admittunt alii solacia temporis aegri: haec graviora facit vulnera longa dies", + "en": "Others receive of time a balm to soothe their grief: these wounds become but heavier with length of days." + }, + { + "id": 2049, + "la": "torqueo deceptos ego vita caelibe canos, quoque magis solus, hoc mage maestus ago", + "en": "I tear my grey hairs mocked by my widowed life, and the more I live in loneliness, the more I live in heaviness." + }, + { + "id": 2050, + "la": "vulnus alit, quod muta domus silet et torus alget, quod mala non cuiquam, non bona participo", + "en": "That my house is still and silent, and that my bed is cold, that I share not my ills with any, my good with any'these things feed my wound." + }, + { + "id": 2051, + "la": "maereo, si coniunx alii bona; maereo contra, si mala: ad exemplum tu mihi semper ades", + "en": "I grieve, if one man has a worthy wife; and yet again I grieve if another has a bad: for pattern, you are ever present with me." + }, + { + "id": 2052, + "la": "tu mihi crux ab utraque venis: sive est mala, quod tu dissimilis fueris; seu bona, quod similis", + "en": "Howeer it be, you come to torture me: if one be bad, because you were not like her; or if one be good, because you were like her." + }, + { + "id": 2053, + "la": "non ego opes cassas et inania gaudia plango, sed iuvenis iuveni quod mihi rapta viro", + "en": "I mourn not for useless wealth or unsubstantial joys, but because in your youth you were torn from me, your youthful lord." + }, + { + "id": 2054, + "la": "laeta, pudica, gravis, genus inclita et inclita forma, et dolor atque decus coniugis Ausonii", + "en": "Cheerful, modest, staid, famed for high birth as famed for beauty, you were the grief and glory of Ausonius your spouse." + }, + { + "id": 2055, + "la": "quae modo septenos quater inpletura Decembres liquisti natos, pignera nostra, duos", + "en": "For ere you could complete your eight and twentieth December, you deserted our two children, the pledges of our love." + }, + { + "id": 2056, + "la": "illa favore dei, sicut tua vota fuerunt, florent, optatis adcumulata bonis", + "en": "They by Gods mercy, and as you ever prayed, flourish amid an abundance of such goods as you desired for them." + }, + { + "id": 2057, + "la": "et precor, ut vigeant tandemque superstite utroque nuntiet hoc cineri nostra favilla tuo", + "en": "And still I pray that they may prosper, and that at last my dust may bring the news to your ashes that they are living yet" + }, + { + "id": 2058, + "la": "Non ego te infletum memori fraudabo querella, primus, nate, meo nomine dicte puer: murmura quem primis meditantem absolvere verbis indolis et plenae, planximus exequiis", + "en": "I will not leave you unwept, my son, nor rob you of the complaint due to your memory'you, my first-born child, and called by my name. Just as you were practising to transform your babbling into the first words of childhood and were of ripe natural gifts we had to mourn for your decease." + }, + { + "id": 2059, + "la": "tu gremio in proavi funus commune locatus, invidiam tumuli ne paterere tui", + "en": "You on your great-grandfathers bosom lie sharing one common grave, lest you should suffer the reproach of your one lone tomb." + }, + { + "id": 2060, + "la": "Tu quoque maturos, puer inmature, dolores interrupisti luctus acerbus avi, Pastor care nepos, spes cuius certa fuisses, Hesperii patris tertia progenies, nomen, quod casus dederat (quia fistula primum pastorale melos concinuit genito), sero intellectum vitae brevis argumentum: spiritus adflatis quod fugit e calamis", + "en": "You also, lad of unripe years, have broken this sequence of laments for riper age, Pastor, my loved grandson, filling with bitter grief your grandfather, whose sure hope you would have been, third child of Hesperius your father. Your name, which chance had given you (because just when you were born a pipe sounded some pastoral air), too late was understood to be a symbol of your short life: because the breath soon passes from the pipes on which a shepherd blows." + }, + { + "id": 2061, + "la": "occidis emissae percussus pondere testae, abiecit tecto quam manus artificis", + "en": "You perished stricken down by the weight of a cast tile, thrown from the roof by a workmans hand." + }, + { + "id": 2062, + "la": "non fuit artificis manus haec: manus illa cruenti certa fuit fati suppositura reum", + "en": "No workmans hand was that: that hand of bloody Fate should surely have borne the blame." + }, + { + "id": 2063, + "la": "heu, quae vota mihi, quae rumpis gaudia, Pastor!", + "en": "Ah me, how many of my hopes, how many of my joys you broke short, my Pastor" + }, + { + "id": 2064, + "la": "illa meum petiit tegula missa caput", + "en": "That tile, carelessly flung, reached my head." + }, + { + "id": 2065, + "la": "dignior o, nostrae gemeres qui fata senectae et quererere meas maestus ad exequias!", + "en": "O, how much fitter were you to mourn the end of my old age, and raise a sad lament at my burial!" + }, + { + "id": 2066, + "la": "Si qua fuit virtus, cuperet quam femina prudens esse suam, soror hac Dryadia haud caruit", + "en": "If there is any virtue which a discreet woman could desire to possess, Dryadia, my sister, lacked it not." + }, + { + "id": 2067, + "la": "quin etiam multas habuit, quas sexus habere fortior optaret nobilitasque virum", + "en": "Nay more, she had many which the stronger sex and the nobler heart of men would gladly have." + }, + { + "id": 2068, + "la": "docta satis vitamque colu famamque tueri, docta bonos mores ipsa suosque docens", + "en": "Well trained with her distaffs aid to maintain her life and her good name, and trained in all good habits, she trained her household too." + }, + { + "id": 2069, + "la": "et verum vita cui carius unaque cura nosse deum et fratrem diligere ante alios", + "en": "To her truth was dearer than life, and her one thought was to know God and to love her brother above all besides." + }, + { + "id": 2070, + "la": "coniuge adhuc iuvenis caruit, sed seria vitans moribus austeras aequiperavit anus produxitque hilarem per sena decennia vitam, inque domo ac tecto, quo pater, oppetiit", + "en": "Albeit she lost her husband while still young, she was a match for any dame in the strictness of life, though shunning sourness, and lived out six decades of cheerful life, dying in the same home and under the same roof as did her father." + }, + { + "id": 2071, + "la": "Avitianum, Musa, germanum meum dona querella funebri", + "en": "Muse, do thou enrich Avitianus, my brother, with a mournful lay." + }, + { + "id": 2072, + "la": "minor iste natu me, sed ingenio prior artes paternas inhibit", + "en": "In years below me, but in gifts of mind above, he learned our fathers art." + }, + { + "id": 2073, + "la": "verum iuventae flore laeto perfrui aevique supra puberis exire metas vetuit infesta Atropos", + "en": "But Atropos, his foe, forbade him fully to enjoy the gladsome bloom of youth or to pass beyond the bounds which mark the end of boyhood." + }, + { + "id": 2074, + "la": "heu quem dolorem sociis!", + "en": "Ah, what grief for his playmates!" + }, + { + "id": 2075, + "la": "heu quanta vitae decora, quem cultum spei, germane, pubes deseris, germane carnis lege et ortu sanguinis, amore paene filius!", + "en": "Ah, from how glorious a life, and what rich hopes you turned away while yet a lad, my brother'my brother by the law ot flesh and parentage of blood, in love almost my son!" + }, + { + "id": 2076, + "la": "O generis clari decus, o mihi funus acerbum, Euromi, e iuvenum lecte cohorte gener, occidis in primae raptus mihi flore iuventae, lactantis nati vix bene note pater, tu procerum de stirpe satus, praegressus et ipsos, unde genus clarae nobilitatis erat, ore decens, bonus ingenio, facundus et omni dexteritate vigens praecipuusque fide", + "en": "O glory of an illustrious race, O untimely death to me, Euromius, my son-in-law chosen from the company of youths, you perished snatched from me in the very bloom of early youth, a father scarce fully recognized by your son at his mothers breast. You, the scion of noble ancestors, surpassed even them from whom you traced your glorious descent, in features comely, gifted in mind, eloquent, active in all vigorous pursuits, and eminent in honour." + }, + { + "id": 2077, + "la": "hoc praefecturae sedes, hoc lllyris ora praeside te experta est, fiscus et ipse cliens", + "en": "This the prefects seat, this the Illyrian shore learned when you were governor, and the Treasury itself whose advocate you were." + }, + { + "id": 2078, + "la": "nil aevi brevitate tamen tibi laudis ademptum: indole maturus, funere acerbus obis", + "en": "Yet lifes short span has robbed you of naught of your praise: ripe were your powers, untimely your end." + }, + { + "id": 2079, + "la": "Et te germanum non sanguine, sed vice fratris, Maxime, defunctum nenia nostra canet", + "en": "You also, not akin to me in blood yet like a brother'you, Maximus, now dead, shall be sung by my dirge." + }, + { + "id": 2080, + "la": "coniunx namque meae tu consociate sorori aevi fruge tui destituis viduam", + "en": "For you were wedded to my sister, only to leave her widowed in the harvest-season of your life." + }, + { + "id": 2081, + "la": "non domus hoc tantum sensit tua: sensit acerbum saucia, pro, casum curia Burdigalae, te primore vigens, te deficiente relabens inque Valentinum te moriente cadens", + "en": "Not your home alone felt this pang: the stricken Senate of Bordeaux'alas!'felt this untimely chance, flourishing while you were its chief, declining as your strength failed, and at your death falling into the power of Valentinus." + }, + { + "id": 2082, + "la": "heu quare nato, qui fruge et flore nepotum, ereptus nobis, Maxime, non frueris?", + "en": "Alas, my Maximus, why were you reft from us, and from the joy of children and grandchildren, the flower and fruit of your race?" + }, + { + "id": 2083, + "la": "set frueris, divina habitat si portio manes quaeque futura olim gaudia, nosse datur", + "en": "And yet you do have joy of these, if any share of presage dwells among the shades, and if it is granted them to know of those delights which one day are to be." + }, + { + "id": 2084, + "la": "longior hic etiam laetorum fructus habetur' anticipasse diu, quae modo participas", + "en": "Longer also this enjoyment of delights is held to be'to have foreseen awhile that which you now partake." + }, + { + "id": 2085, + "la": "Tu quoque sive nurus mihi nomine, vel vice natae, Veria, supremi carmen honoris habe", + "en": "You also, Veria'whether I think of you as my nephews wife or as my daughter'take the last tribute of my verse." + }, + { + "id": 2086, + "la": "cuius si probitas, si forma et fama fidesque morigerae uxoris lanificaeque manus nunc laudanda forent, procul et de manibus imis accersenda foret vox proavi Eusebii", + "en": "If your uprightness, beauty, faithfulness as a duteous wife, and skill in spinning wool were to be praised here, then should we have to summon from far back and from the inmost place of souls, the voice of Eusebius your greatgrandfather." + }, + { + "id": 2087, + "la": "qui quoniam functo iam pridem conditus aevo transcripsit partes in mea verba suas, accipe funereas, neptis defleta, querellas, coniunx Arborii commemoranda mei, cui parva ingentis luctus solacia linquens destituis natos, quo magis excrucias", + "en": "But since he is dead and buried long ago, and has bequeathed to me the task of speaking in his stead, receive these sad complaints, lamented daughter, whom, as the wife of my Arborius, I must not leave unsung. To him you leave behind your children, small comforts to assuage oermastering grief, and thereby increase his pain the more." + }, + { + "id": 2088, + "la": "at tibi dilecti ne desit cura mariti, iuncta colis thalamo nunc monumenta tuo", + "en": "But that the tender thoughts of your loved husband may not fail you, the tomb, now your abode, is built hard by your bridal chamber." + }, + { + "id": 2089, + "la": "hic, ubi primus hymen, sedes ibi maesta sepulcri: nupta magis dici quam tumulata potes", + "en": "And where the glad marriage-song first was raised, there stands your mournful sepulchre. So may we say that you are wedded rather than buried here." + }, + { + "id": 2090, + "la": "Nec germana genitum te modulamine nenia tristi tacitum sine honore relinquat, super indole cuius adulti magnae bona copia laudis", + "en": "Nor may my dirge leave you unhonoured and unsung in strains of sorrow, son of my own sister, upon whose already ripened powers a full measure of high praise was lavished." + }, + { + "id": 2091, + "la": "verum memorare magis quam functum laudare decebit", + "en": "Yet will it be fitter here to commemorate rather than to praise the dead." + }, + { + "id": 2092, + "la": "decus hoc matrisque meumque in tempore puberis aevi vis perculit invida fati", + "en": "Him who was both his mothers pride and mine Fates envious power laid low in the season of his youth." + }, + { + "id": 2093, + "la": "eheu quem, Maxime, fructum, facunde et musice et acer, mentem bonus, ingenio ingens, volucer pede, corpore pulcher, lingua catus, ore canorus", + "en": "Alas, for thy fruit, my Maximus, so eloquent, so skilled in arts, so quick, so kind in heart, so gifted in mind, so fleet of foot, so graceful, clever of tongue as tuneful of voice!" + }, + { + "id": 2094, + "la": "cape munera tristia patrum, lacrimabilis orsa querellae, quae funereo modulatu tibi maestus avunculus offert", + "en": "Take as the sad offerings ordained by our fathers, this effort to raise a tearful lament, cast in a woeful strain which in his grief your uncle presents to you." + }, + { + "id": 2095, + "la": "Qui ioca laetitiamque colis, qui tristia damnas nec metuis quemquam nec metuendus agis, qui nullum insidiis captas nec lite lacessis, sed iustam et clemens vitam agis et sapiens, tranquillos manes supremaque mitia Sancti ore pio et verbis advenerare bonis", + "en": "You, Sir, who love jests and merriment, you who hate all moroseness, neither fearing any man nor causing any man to fear, who entrap no man by trickery nor vex him at the law, but mildly and wisely live an upright life, come with reverent lips and words of good omen to do honour to the peaceful shade and the remains of kindly Sanctus." + }, + { + "id": 2096, + "la": "militiam nullo qui turbine sedulus egit, praeside laetatus quo Rutupinus ager, octoginta annos cuius tranquilla senectus nullo mutavit deteriore die", + "en": "His service1 he performed diligently without tumult; with him for governor the Rutupian land rejoiced; his eighty years a peaceful old age marred not with any day of decline." + }, + { + "id": 2097, + "la": "ergo precare favens, ut qualia tempora vitae, talia et ad manes otia Sanctus agat", + "en": "Therefore be this your propitious prayer, that Sanctus may enjoy such peace among the shades as he found in the season of his life." + }, + { + "id": 2098, + "la": "Tuque Pudentillam verbis adfare supremis, quae famae curam, quae probitatis habes", + "en": "You also, Lady, who think highly of a good name and upright life, speak a word of last farewell to Pudentilla." + }, + { + "id": 2099, + "la": "nobilis haec, frugi, proba, laeta, pudica, decora, coniugium Sancti iugiter haec habuit", + "en": "Well-born, thrifty, and upright, cheerful, modest, and fair, she shared without a break the wedded life of Sanctus." + }, + { + "id": 2100, + "la": "inviolata tuens castae praeconia vitae rexit opes proprias otia agente viro: non ideo exprobrans aut fronte obducta marito, quod gereret totam femina sola domum", + "en": "Keeping unstained the praises due to a modest life, she managed her own property, while her lord lived at ease: but for all that she did not taunt her husband nor look black upon him because he left a woman to manage the whole house alone." + }, + { + "id": 2101, + "la": "heu nimium iuvenis, sed laeta superstite nato atque viro, patiens fata suprema obiit: unanimis nostrae et quondam germana Sabinae et mihi inoffenso nomine dicta soror", + "en": "Alas! Too young, yet happy that her husband and her son still lived, she met her final doom and died. She was of one heart and one in blood with my Sabina, and by me was she called sister unreproved." + }, + { + "id": 2102, + "la": "nunc etiam manes placidos pia cura retractat atque Pudentillam fantis honore colit", + "en": "Now also my loving thoughts busy themselves with her peaceful shade, and voice these words of tribute to my Pudentilla." + }, + { + "id": 2103, + "la": "Nec iam tu, matris spes unica, ephebe Talisi, consobrine meus, inmemoratus eris, ereptus primis aevi florentis in annis, iam tamen et coniunx, iam properate pater", + "en": "You, too, in turn shall not pass unregarded, young Talisius, my nephew and your mothers only hope. Though you were snatched from us in the first years of your prime, yet you were already wed, already early made a father:" + }, + { + "id": 2104, + "la": "festinasse putes fatum, ne funus acerbum diceret hoc genitor tam cito factus avus", + "en": "and we may think Fate hastened that event, that being so quickly made a grandfather, your own sire might not declare your death to be untimely." + }, + { + "id": 2105, + "la": "Notitia exilis nobis, Attusia, tecum, cumque tuo plane coniuge nulla fuit", + "en": "Though slight was my acquaintance with you, Attusia, and though I had none at all with him who was your husband," + }, + { + "id": 2106, + "la": "verum tu nostrae soror es germana Sabinae, adfinis quoque tu, Regule, nomen habes", + "en": "yet you are own sister of my wife Sabina, and you also, Regulus, rank as my brother-in-law." + }, + { + "id": 2107, + "la": "sortitos igitur tam cara vocabula nobis stringamus maesti carminis obsequio", + "en": "Wherefore, since ye have names which are so dear to me, let me touch you with the homage of my sorrowing verse." + }, + { + "id": 2108, + "la": "quamvis Santonica procul in tellure iacentes pervenit ad manes exequialis honor", + "en": "For although ye be buried far from here in the soil of Saintes, yet the last homage can find its way to the souls of the departed." + }, + { + "id": 2109, + "la": "Desinite, o veteres, Calpurnia nomina, Frugi ut proprium hoc vestrae gentis habere decus", + "en": "Ye ancients of the Calpurnian name, cease to think Frugi2 the peculiar glory of your clan." + }, + { + "id": 2110, + "la": "nec solus semper censor Cato nec sibi solus iustus Aristides his placeant titulis", + "en": "No more let Cato vaunt himself as the one and only Censor, nor Aristides pride himself as sole owner of the title of The Just." + }, + { + "id": 2111, + "la": "nam sapiens quicumque fuit verumque fidemque qui coluit, comitem se tibi, Censor, agat", + "en": "For any man who has been wise and who has followed honour and good faith would rank you, Censor, as his peer." + }, + { + "id": 2112, + "la": "tu gravis et comis cum iustitiaque remissus, austeris doctus iungere temperiem", + "en": "Stern and yet kindly, just and merciful withal, you had the art to blend mildness with severity." + }, + { + "id": 2113, + "la": "tu non adscito tibi me nec sanguine iuncto optasti nostras consociare domos", + "en": "Though I Was unacquainted with you and unallied in blood, yet you desired to join our houses in alliance." + }, + { + "id": 2114, + "la": "nempe aliqua in nobis morum simulacra tuorum effigies nostri praebuit ingenii;", + "en": "Doubtless you pictured my nature to yourself in such a form as to reflect some image of your own character;" + }, + { + "id": 2115, + "la": "aut iam Fortunae sic se vertigo rotabat, ut pondus fatis tam bona vota darent", + "en": "or at that time Fortune so turned her wheel that such a worthy wish weighed down the balance of Destiny." + }, + { + "id": 2116, + "la": "si quid aput manes sentis, fovet hoc tibi mentem, quod fieri optaras, id voluisse deum", + "en": "If you feel aught at all amidst the shades, the thought must cheer you, that God has willed that which you had hoped might be." + }, + { + "id": 2117, + "la": "Qui nomen vultumque patris, Pauline, gerebas, amissi specimen qui genitoris eras;", + "en": "You who bore at once your fathers name and looks, Paulinus, who were a very copy of your lost sire;" + }, + { + "id": 2118, + "la": "propter quem luctus miserae decedere matris coeperat, offerret cum tua forma patrem, redderet et mores et moribus adderet illud, Paulinus caruit quo pater, eloquium:", + "en": "because of whom your hapless mothers sorrow for his loss had begun to pass away, whilst your face offered her a picture of your father and mirrored, too, his character, adding to character that gift which your father Paulinus lacked, the gift of eloquence;" + }, + { + "id": 2119, + "la": "eriperis laetis et pubescentibus annis crudaque adhuc matris pectora sollicitas", + "en": "you'you are hurried hence in the bright years of early youth and grieve your mothers still bleeding heart." + }, + { + "id": 2120, + "la": "flemus enim et raptam thalami de sede sororem, heu non maturo funere, Dryadiam", + "en": "For we mourn also your sister Dryadia, torn from her bridal bed'alas!'by an untimely death." + }, + { + "id": 2121, + "la": "flemus, ego in primis, qui matris avunculus, ac vos natorum tamquam diligo progeniem", + "en": "We mourn for you, and I not least; for I am your mothers uncle, and love you as the offspring of my own children. ." + }, + { + "id": 2122, + "la": "illa manus inter genetricis et oscula patris occidit, Hispana tu regione procul", + "en": "Your sister died amid her mothers and her fathers kisses, you, far off in the land of Spain." + }, + { + "id": 2123, + "la": "quam tener et primo nove flos decerperis aevo, nondum purpureas cinctus ephebe genas!", + "en": "O fresh and tender flower, so early plucked while yet your spring was young, a lad whose rosy cheeks were yet unfringed with down!" + }, + { + "id": 2124, + "la": "quattuor ediderat nunc functa puerpera partus, funera set tumulis iam geminata dedit", + "en": "Four children had your mother borne in travail, but of these she has surrendered two already to the grave." + }, + { + "id": 2125, + "la": "Sit satis hoc, Pauline pater; divisio facta est: debetur matri cetera progenies", + "en": "Paulinus, be content with these;1 for they make up your fair share as father, and your remaining offspring are their mothers due" + }, + { + "id": 2126, + "la": "Qui laetum ingenium, mores qui diligit aequos quique fidem sancta cum pietate colit, Paulini manes mecum veneratus amicis inroret lacrimis annua liba ferens", + "en": "Whoso loves a cheerful soul and an unruffled temper, or who reverences good faith linked with pure affection, let him now join with me in honouring Paulinus shade, bringing the yearly offering due and friendships rain of tears." + }, + { + "id": 2127, + "la": "aequaevus, Pauline, mihi natamque sororis indeptus thalamo: sic mihi paene gener", + "en": "You were of one age with me, Paulinus, and had won my sisters daughter for your bride, thus becoming almost my son-in-law." + }, + { + "id": 2128, + "la": "stirpis Aquitanae mater tibi: nam genitori Cossio Vasatum, municipale genus", + "en": "Your mothers people were of Aquitaine, while your father was of Cossio Vasatum (Bazas), sprung of its burgesses." + }, + { + "id": 2129, + "la": "scrinia praefecti meritus, rationibus inde praepositus Libycis praemia opima capis", + "en": "When you had gained the presidency of the Bureaux,1 and had been set over the Exchequer2 for Libya, rich the prizes which you gained." + }, + { + "id": 2130, + "la": "nam correcturae tibi Tarraco Hibera tribunal praebuit, adfectans esse clienta tibi, tu socrum pro matre colens adfinis haberi non poteras, nati cum fruerere loco", + "en": "For the Spanish province of Tarraco (Tarragona) offered you its correctors3 court, and anxiously sought to have you for its patron. You could not be regarded as a son-in-law'you who adored your wifes mother as your own, and were treated as a son by her." + }, + { + "id": 2131, + "la": "inter concordes vixisti fidus amicos, duodeviginti functus Olympiadas", + "en": "A loyal friend, you lived among others of like heart, and died after a span of eighteen Olympiads." + }, + { + "id": 2132, + "la": "Te quoque Dryadiam materteram flebilibus modulis germana genitus, prope filius, ore pio veneror", + "en": "To you also, Dryadia my aunt, in mournful strains I, whom your sister bare, almost your son,'do reverence with loving lips." + }, + { + "id": 2133, + "la": "quam thalamo taedisque iugalibus invida mors rapuit; mutavitque torum feretri vice exequialis honor", + "en": "Death, jealous of your happiness, hurried you from your bridal-chamber and the light of the nuptial torches; and funeral ceremonies changed your bridal-couch for a bier." + }, + { + "id": 2134, + "la": "discebas in me, matertera mater uti fieres; unde modo hoc maestum tibi defero filius officium", + "en": "You learned, my aunt, to be a mother to me; therefore now I, a son, offer you this sad token of my love." + }, + { + "id": 2135, + "la": "Quin et funereis amitam inpertire querellis, Musa, Cataphroniam", + "en": "Nay, and on Cataphronia, too, who was my aunt, bestow your sad lament, my Muse." + }, + { + "id": 2136, + "la": "innuba devotae quae virginitatis amorem parcaque anus coluit: et mihi, quod potuit, quamvis de paupere summa, mater uti, adtribuit", + "en": "Unwed and vowed to virginity, she cherished that love, and lived to old age in thrift. Generous as a mother, she bestowed on me all that she could out of her slender funds." + }, + { + "id": 2137, + "la": "ergo commemorata have maestumque vocata pro genetrice vale", + "en": "Therefore I now call you to remembrance as a mother and utter the sad cry, Hail and farewell." + }, + { + "id": 2138, + "la": "Et amita Veneria properiter obiit: cui brevia melea modifica recino:", + "en": "My aunt Veneria also died an early death, and to her I now chant these short, measured lines." + }, + { + "id": 2139, + "la": "cinis ut placidulus ab opere vigeat, celeripes adeat loca tacita Erebi", + "en": "May her poor ashes rest in peace and repose from toil, and swift be her passage to the silent realms of Erebus." + }, + { + "id": 2140, + "la": "PARVA etiam fuit Idalia, nomine praedita quae Paphiae et speciem meruit Veneris;", + "en": "Idalia, too, is gone, who received the title of the Paphian queen, and herself won Venus beauty;" + }, + { + "id": 2141, + "la": "quae genita est mihi paene soror", + "en": "who by birth was well-nigh my sister." + }, + { + "id": 2142, + "la": "filia nam fuit haec amitae, quam celebrat sub honore pio nenia carmine funereo", + "en": "For this was the child of my aunt, whom my dirge now honours with the loving homage of a mournful strain." + }, + { + "id": 2143, + "la": "Aemilia et, vix nota mihi soror, accipe questus, debent quos cineri maesta elegea tuo", + "en": "Though I scarce knew you, Aemilia, my sister, receive this lament which my sad strains owe to your ashes." + }, + { + "id": 2144, + "la": "coniunxit nostras aequaeva infantia cunas, uno quamvis tu consule maior eras", + "en": "When we were infants almost of one age we shared one cradle, though you were the elder by one year." + }, + { + "id": 2145, + "la": "invida set nimium Lachesis properata peregit tempora et ad manes funera acerba dedit", + "en": "But Lachesis, too jealous, hurried on your final hour and sent you to the shades'an untimely death." + }, + { + "id": 2146, + "la": "praemissa ergo vale manesque verere parentum, qui maiore aevo quique minore venit", + "en": "Since, therefore, you are gone before me, take my farewell and do honour to our parents shades'his who in riper, and hers who in earlier years is come to rejoin you." + }, + { + "id": 2147, + "la": "Ut generis clari, veterum sic femina morum, Urbica, Censoris nobilitata toro;", + "en": "Urbica, famed both for illustrious birth and old-time virtues, and renowned as Censors wife," + }, + { + "id": 2148, + "la": "ingenitis pollens virtutibus auctaque et illis, quas docuit coniunx, quas pater et genetrix' quas habuit Tanaquil, quas Pythagorea Theano quaeque sine exemplo in nece functa viri", + "en": "rich as was the store of your natural qualities, you have added those besides which your spouse taught you, and your father and your mother'those qualities which Tanaquil1 possessed, and Theano the Pythagorean,2 and those which perished without copy when your husband died." + }, + { + "id": 2149, + "la": "et tibi si fatum sic permutare dedisset, viveret hoc nostro tempore Censor adhuc", + "en": "And had Fate suffered you so to exchange, Censor would still be living in these our days." + }, + { + "id": 2150, + "la": "set neque tu viduo longum cruciata sub aevo protinus optato fine secuta virum", + "en": "Yet not for long did you suffer grief in your widowed state, but welcomed death and straightway followed your husband to the shades." + }, + { + "id": 2151, + "la": "annua nunc maestis ferimus tibi iusta querellis cum genero et natis consocer Ausonius", + "en": "Now I, Ausonius, your fellow parent-in-law, with my son-in-law3 and his children, bring you your yearly due with sad lament." + }, + { + "id": 2152, + "la": "Cum de palatio post multos annos honoratissimus, quippe iam consul, redisset ad patriam, villulam, quam pater reliquerat, introgressus his versibus lusit Luciliano stilo:", + "en": "When the author had left the court after many years enjoyment of the highest distinctions, having even become consul, he returned to his native place and settled down in the little property which his father had left him. Thereupon he wrote the following playful verses in the manner of Lucilius:" + }, + { + "id": 2153, + "la": "Salve, herediolum, maiorum regna meorum, quod proavus, quod avus, quod pater excoluit, quod mihi iam senior properata morte reliquit:", + "en": "Hail, little patrimony, the realm of my forebears, which my great-grandfather, which my grandfather, which my father tended so carefully, which the lastnamed left to me when he died all too soon, albeit in a ripe old age." + }, + { + "id": 2154, + "la": "eheu nolueram tam cito posse frui!", + "en": "Ah me! I had not wished to be able to possess you so early." + }, + { + "id": 2155, + "la": "iusta quidem series patri succedere, verum esse simul dominos gratior ordo piis", + "en": "Tis indeed the natural order when the son succeeds the father; but where there is affection, it is a more pleasing course for both to reign together." + }, + { + "id": 2156, + "la": "nunc labor et curae mea sunt;", + "en": "Now all the toil and trouble falls on me:" + }, + { + "id": 2157, + "la": "sola ante voluptas partibus in nostris, cetera patris erant", + "en": "of old the pleasure only was my share, the rest was all my fathers." + }, + { + "id": 2158, + "la": "parvum herediolum, fateor, set nulla fuit res parva umquam aequanimis, adde etiam unanimis", + "en": "It is a tiny patrimony, I allow; but never yet did property seem small to those whose souls are balanced, nay more, whose souls are one." + }, + { + "id": 2159, + "la": "ex animo rem stare aequum puto, non animum ex re", + "en": "Upon the soul'it is my balanced judgment'wealth depends, and not a mans soul upon his wealth." + }, + { + "id": 2160, + "la": "cuncta cupit Croesus, Diogenes nihilum:", + "en": "A Croesus desires everything, a Diogenes, nothing;" + }, + { + "id": 2161, + "la": "spargit Aristippus mediis in Syrtibus aurum, aurea non satis est Lydia tota Midae", + "en": "an Aristippus1 strews his gold abroad in the midst of the Syrtes, all Lydia turned to gold cannot content a Midas." + }, + { + "id": 2162, + "la": "cui nullus finis cupiendi, est nullus habendi: ille opibus modus est, quem statuas animo", + "en": "The man who sets no bounds to his greed, sets none to his possessions: that is the limit to wealth, which you decree in your own soul." + }, + { + "id": 2163, + "la": "Verum ager iste meus quantus sit, nosce, etiam ut me noveris et noris te quoque, si potis es", + "en": "But now you must know of what size is this estate of mine, that you may also know me and know yourself too, if you are capable." + }, + { + "id": 2164, + "la": "quamquam difficile est se noscere; quam propere legimus, tam cito neclegimus", + "en": "And yet how difficult this is, to know oneself! know thyself: as hastily as we read that motto, so quickly we forget it." + }, + { + "id": 2165, + "la": "agri bis centum colo iugera, vinea centum iugeribus colitur prataque dimidio, silva supra duplum, quam prata et vinea et arvum; cultor agri nobis nec superest nec abest", + "en": "I keep in tillage two hundred acres: a hundred more are grown with vines, and half as much is pasture. My woodland is more than twice as much as my pasture, vineyard and tilth together: of husbandmen I have neither too many nor too few." + }, + { + "id": 2166, + "la": "fons propter puteusque brevis, tum purus et amnis; naviger hie refluus me vehit ac revehit", + "en": "A spring is near my house and a small well, besides the unsullied river, which on its tides bears me by boat from home and back again." + }, + { + "id": 2167, + "la": "conduntur fructus geminum mihi semper in annum", + "en": "I have always fruits in store to last me two whole years:" + }, + { + "id": 2168, + "la": "cui non longa penus, huic quoque prompta fames", + "en": "who has short victual by him, he too has famine at hand.1" + }, + { + "id": 2169, + "la": "Haec mihi nec procul urbe sita est, nec prorsus ad urbem, ne patiar turbas utque bonis potiar", + "en": "This my estate lies not far from the town, nor yet hard by the town, to rid me of its crowds while reaping its advantages." + }, + { + "id": 2170, + "la": "et quotiens mutare locum fastidia cogunt, transeo et alternis rure vel urbe fruor", + "en": "And so, whenever satiety moves me to change my seat, I pass from one to the other, and enjoy country and town by turns." + }, + { + "id": 2171, + "la": "Sancta salutiferi redeunt sollemnia Christi et devota pii celebrant ieiunia mystae", + "en": "Now return the holy rites of Christ, who brought us our salvation, and godly zealots keep their solemn fasts." + }, + { + "id": 2172, + "la": "at nos aeternum cohibentes pectore cultum intemeratorum vim continuamus honorum", + "en": "But we, guarding within our hearts an unending worship, maintain without a break the strength of an inviolate homage:" + }, + { + "id": 2173, + "la": "annua cura sacris, iugis reverentia nobis", + "en": "rites are observed once a year; but our devotion is continual." + }, + { + "id": 2174, + "la": "Magne pater rerum, cui terra et pontus et aer Tartaraque et picti servit plaga lactea caeli, noxia quem scelerum plebis tremit almaque russum concelebrat votis animarum turba piarum: tu brevis hunc aevi cursum celeremque caducae finem animae donas aeternae munere vitae", + "en": "O mighty Father of all things; to whom are subject earth, sea, and air, and hell, and all the expanse of heaven emblazoned with the Milky Way; before thee tremble the folk guilty of offences, and contrariwise the blameless company of righteous souls extols thee with prayer and praise." + }, + { + "id": 2175, + "la": "tu mites legum monitus sacrosque prophetas humano impertis generi servasque nepotes, deceptum miseratus Adam, quem capta venenis implicuit socium blandis erroribus Aevva", + "en": "Thou dost reward our course through these few years and the swift close of our frail being with the prize of everlasting life. Thou dost bestow upon mankind the gentle warnings of the Law together with the holy Prophets; and, as thou didst pity Adam when beguiled by Eve, on whom the poison seized so that she drew him by her smooth enticements to be the fellow of her transgression, so thou dost keep us, their progeny." + }, + { + "id": 2176, + "la": "tu verbum, pater alme, tuum, natumque deumque, concedis terris totum similemque paremque, ex vero verum vivaque ab origine vivum", + "en": "Thou, gracious Father, grantest to the world thy Word, who is thy Son, and God, in all things like thee and equal with thee, very God of very God, and living God of the source of life." + }, + { + "id": 2177, + "la": "ille tuis doctus monitis hoc addidit unum, ut, super aequoreas nabat qui spiritus undas, pigra inmortali vegetaret membra lavacro", + "en": "He, guided by thy behests, added this one gift alone, causing that Spirit which once moved over the face of the deep to quicken our dull members with the cleansing waters of eternal life." + }, + { + "id": 2178, + "la": "trina fides auctore uno, spes certa salutis [da veniam et praesta speratae munera vitae4] hunc numerum iunctis virtutibus amplectenti", + "en": "Object of our faith, Three, yet One in source, sure hope of our salvation! Grant pardon and bestow on me the gift of life for which I yearn, if I embrace this diversity of Persons united in their powers." + }, + { + "id": 2179, + "la": "Tale et terrenis specimen spectatur in oris Augustus genitor, geminum sator Augustorum, qui fratrem natumque pio conplexus utrumque numine partitur regnum neque dividit unum, omnia solus habens atque omnia dilargitus", + "en": "Even on this earth below we behold an image of this mystery, where is the Emperor, the father, begetter of twin Emperors, who in his sacred majesty embraces his brother and his son, sharing one realm with them, yet not dividing it, alone holding all though he has all distributed." + }, + { + "id": 2180, + "la": "hos igitur nobis trina pietate vigentes, rectores terrae placidos caelique ministros, Christe, aput aeternum placabilis adsere patrem", + "en": "These, then, we pray, who, though three, flourish as one in naturalties, these mild rulers of the earth and instruments of Heaven, claim them for thine own in presence of thine eternal Father, O Christ most merciful." + }, + { + "id": 2181, + "la": "Spes, deus, aeternae stationis conciliator: si castis precibus veniales invigilamus, his, pater, oratis placabilis adstipulare", + "en": "O God, our hope, who dost provide for us an endless home; if we by holy prayer and vigil win thy pardon, then, Father, in thy mercy grant us our petitions." + }, + { + "id": 2182, + "la": "Da, Christe, specimen cognoscier inreprehensum, rex bone, cultorum famulantum vivificator", + "en": "Grant us, O Christ, to know thy faultless pattern, O gracious King, thou quickener of thy servants who adore thee'" + }, + { + "id": 2183, + "la": "cum patre maiestas altissima, non generato", + "en": "thou, who with the Father, the Unbegotten, art one Majesty most high." + }, + { + "id": 2184, + "la": "Da trinum columen paraclito consociante, ut longum celebris devotio continuetur: ad temet properant vigilatum convenienter", + "en": "Grant through the fellowship of the Comforter a triple stay to aid us, that throngs of worshippers may ceaselessly prolong thy praise: to thee it is they haste fitly to keep vigil." + }, + { + "id": 2185, + "la": "Nox lucem revehet funalibus anteferendam, nox lumen pariens credentibus indubitatum, nox flammis operum meditatrix sidereorum", + "en": "Night shall bring back a light far beyond any tapers ray; night which sends forth a beam in which believers put their trust; night which broods oer the tasks of the fiery stars." + }, + { + "id": 2186, + "la": "Tu mensis dirimis ieiunia relligiosa, tu bona promittens surgentia concelebraris: da, rector, modicos effarier omnipotentem", + "en": "Thou at thy table endest our solemn fasts; thou, who dost promise still increasing blessings, art praised by all with one accord: O thou, our Ruler, give us poor worthless mortals power to express the greatness of the Almighty." + }, + { + "id": 2187, + "la": "Fons tuus emundat recreatu iustificatos, dans mentem oblitam positorum flagitiorum, dans agnos niveos splendescere purificatos", + "en": "Thy fount cleanseth the sinner made justified by new creation: it bringeth the heart forgetfulness of sins now laid aside: it causeth thy cleansed lambs to shine white as the snow." + }, + { + "id": 2188, + "la": "Lux verbo inducta, peccantibus auxiliatrix, ut nova Iordanis ablutio, sanctificavit, cum sua dignati tinguentia promeruerunt", + "en": "The light, brought in by the Word, the sinners stay, even as a new washing clean in Jordan, hath sanctified them, when by their merits they are grown worthy of its blessed unction." + }, + { + "id": 2189, + "la": "Et Christus regimen elementis inrequietis fert undam medici baptismatis intemerati, ut noxam auferret mortalibus extenuatam", + "en": "And Christ, who ruled the restless elements, bringeth the healing waters of stainless baptism to minish and take away the guilt of men." + }, + { + "id": 2190, + "la": "Crux poenae extremum properata inmaculato, ut vitam amissam renovaret mortificatus, tot rerum titulis obnoxius immodicarum", + "en": "The Sinless One was hurried to the cross of direst penalty, that by his death he might renew the life we forfeited, himself the theme of praise for all his matchless deeds." + }, + { + "id": 2191, + "la": "Quis digne domino praeconia continuabit?", + "en": "Who can worthily express the praises of the Lord?" + }, + { + "id": 2192, + "la": "an terra humano locupletat commemoratu, quem vocum resonant modulatus angelicarum?", + "en": "Can earth with its human tongues enrich his renown which tuneful choirs of angels echo forth above?" + }, + { + "id": 2193, + "la": "Dans aulam Stephano pretiosam dilapidato, dans claves superas cathedrali incohatori, quin Paulum infestum copulasti adglomeratu", + "en": "Thou didst open thy splendid palace for Stephen stoned, thou didst give the keys of heaven to that first founder of the Apostolic Throne: much more, thou didst add Paul the persecutor to thy flock." + }, + { + "id": 2194, + "la": "Fit doctor populi lapidantum constimulator, ut latro confessor paradisum participavit, sic, credo, adnectens dirissima clarificandis", + "en": "He who urged on the men who stoned Stephen, became a teacher of the people, as the thief who confessed thee received a place in Paradise, so, methinks, following up his heinous deeds with acts worthy of renown." + }, + { + "id": 2195, + "la": "Nos seros famulos adcrescere perpetieris sub tali edoctos antistite relligionis; da sensum solida stabilitum credulitate", + "en": "Thou wilt suffer us thy servants of these latter days to grow in grace, led by the teaching of that great prelate of our creed: give us an heart established with firm faith." + }, + { + "id": 2196, + "la": "Fac iungar numero redivivo glorificatus, ad caelum invitans consortia terrigenarum, spes, deus, aeternae stationis conciliator!", + "en": "Grant that I, being glorified, may join the company of them that live again, when thou shalt call the fellowship of earth-born men to Heaven, O God, our hope, who dost provide for us an endless home!" + }, + { + "id": 2197, + "la": "Post deum semper patrem colui secundamque reverentiam genitori meo debui", + "en": "I always revered my father next to God, and felt that I owed my parent the second place after Him in my veneration." + }, + { + "id": 2198, + "la": "sequitur ergo hanc summi dei venerationem epicedion patris mei", + "en": "And so this hymn of worship to God most high is followed by an epicedion upon my father." + }, + { + "id": 2199, + "la": "titulus a Graecis auctoribus defunctorum honori dicatus, non ambitiosus, sed religiosus: quem commendo lectori meo, sive is filius est seu pater sive utrumque", + "en": "It is a title consecrated by Greek writers to the honour of the departed, and is expressive not of vanity but of devotion. And this poem I commend to my reader, be he son, or father, or both." + }, + { + "id": 2200, + "la": "neque, ut laudet, exigo; set, ut amet, postulo", + "en": "I do not demand that he should praise it, but I do ask him to love it." + }, + { + "id": 2201, + "la": "neque vero nunc patrem meum laudo, quod ille non eget et ego functum oblectatione viventium onerare non debeo", + "en": "And indeed I do not here sing the praises of my father; for he needs no praise, and I have no right to burden the dead with the entertainment of the living." + }, + { + "id": 2202, + "la": "neque dico nisi quod agnoscunt, qui parti aetatis eius interfuerunt", + "en": "Furthermore, I say nothing more of him than what those who were to some degree his contemporaries recognize as fact." + }, + { + "id": 2203, + "la": "falsum me autem morte [eius] obita dicere et verum tacere eiusdem piaculi existimo", + "en": "For me to say what is untrue about him because he is dead, and to disguise what is true, I consider to be equally heinous." + }, + { + "id": 2204, + "la": "imagini ipsius hi versus subscripti sunt neque minus in opusculorum meorum seriem relati", + "en": "These verses were written under his portrait, and likewise entered in the collection of my works." + }, + { + "id": 2205, + "la": "alia omnia mea displicent mihi; hoc relegisse amo", + "en": "I am dissatisfied with all else of mine; but this poem I love to read over and over again." + }, + { + "id": 2206, + "la": "Nomen ego Ausonius, non ultimus arte medendi et, mea si nosses tempora, primus eram", + "en": "My name was Ausonius, of no mean repute in the art of healing; nay, if you but knew my age, I was the foremost." + }, + { + "id": 2207, + "la": "vicinas urbes colui patriaque domoque, Vasates patria, sed lare Burdigalam", + "en": "I was born and had my dwelling in two neighbouring towns; Bazas was my birthplace, but Bordeaux was my home." + }, + { + "id": 2208, + "la": "curia me duplex et uterque senatus habebat muneris exsortem, nomine participem", + "en": "I was a senator in the council1 of both towns, although I filled no office and my rank was honorary." + }, + { + "id": 2209, + "la": "non opulens nec egens, parcus sine sordibus egi: victum, habitum, mores semper eadem habui", + "en": "Not wealthy nor yet needy, I lived thriftily yet not meanly: as to my table, dress, and habits, I have always followed the same way." + }, + { + "id": 2210, + "la": "sermone inpromptus Latio, verum Attica lingua suffecit culti vocibus eloquii", + "en": "For Latin I never had a ready tongue; but the speech of Athens supplied my need with words of choice eloquence." + }, + { + "id": 2211, + "la": "optuli opem cunctis poscentibus artis inemptae officiumque meum cum pietate fuit", + "en": "To all who asked I brought the aid of my art without fee, and pity bare a large share in my work." + }, + { + "id": 2212, + "la": "iudicium de me studui praestare bonorum: ipse mihi numquam, iudice me, placui", + "en": "I strove to fulfil the judgment good men formed of me; I myself was a judge who never satisfied myself." + }, + { + "id": 2213, + "la": "officia in multos diverso debita cultu personis, meritis, tempore distribui", + "en": "Upon many I bestowed such acts of kindness as their various walks in life, persons, deserts, or the occasion demanded." + }, + { + "id": 2214, + "la": "litibus abstinui: non auxi, non minui rem; indice me nullus, set neque teste, perit", + "en": "I kept clear of lawsuits, and neither increased nor lessened my estate: none ever died accused by me, or even on my testimony." + }, + { + "id": 2215, + "la": "invidi numquam; cupere atque ambire refugi; iurare aut falsum dicere par habui", + "en": "I envied none; greed and selfseeking I shunned: false-speaking I abhorred as deeply as perjury." + }, + { + "id": 2216, + "la": "factio me sibi non, non coniuratio iunxit: sincero colui foedere amicitias", + "en": "Parties and cabals never found an ally in me, and I honoured loyally the bond of friendship." + }, + { + "id": 2217, + "la": "felicem scivi non qui, quod vellet, haberet, set qui per fatum non data non cuperet", + "en": "I saw full well that he is not the happy man who has all that he would, but he who does not long for what fate has not given." + }, + { + "id": 2218, + "la": "non occursator, non garrulus, obvia cernens, valvis et velo condita non adii", + "en": "No busybody, no tattler, seeing only what was before my eyes, I did not intrude upon what door or curtains screened." + }, + { + "id": 2219, + "la": "famam, quae posset vitam lacerare bonorum, non finxi et, veram si scierim, tacui", + "en": "I dished up no scandal to wound the life of worthy men; or if I knew such to be true, I held my tongue." + }, + { + "id": 2220, + "la": "ira procul, spes vana procul, procul anxia cura inque bonis hominum gaudia falsa procul", + "en": "Anger, and idle hopes, and carking cares'all these were far from me, as were all hollow joys in what men count as goods." + }, + { + "id": 2221, + "la": "vitati coetus eiuratique tumultus et semper fictae principum amicitiae", + "en": "Meetings I shunned, and riots I forswore along with the ever-false friendships of the great." + }, + { + "id": 2222, + "la": "deliquisse nihil numquam laudem esse putavi atque bonos mores legibus antetuli", + "en": "I never held it to my credit that I transgressed in naught, ever regarding good habits above mere laws." + }, + { + "id": 2223, + "la": "irasci promptus properavi condere motum atque mihi poenas pro levitate dedi", + "en": "Being quick of temper, I made haste to crush this impulse, and did violence to myself to maintain an unruffled soul." + }, + { + "id": 2224, + "la": "coniugium per lustra novem sine crimine concors unum habui: gnatos quattuor edidimus", + "en": "For nine full lustres (forty-five years) I lived without reproach as without quarrel with one wife; and of our union four children were born." + }, + { + "id": 2225, + "la": "prima obiit lactans; at qui fuit ultimus aevi, pubertate rudi non rudis interiit", + "en": "The eldest girl died in infancy; but our youngest boy died eer he ripened into boyhood, though not unripe in parts." + }, + { + "id": 2226, + "la": "maximus ad summum columen pervenit honorum, praefectus Gallis et Libyae et Latio, tranquillus, clemens, oculis, voce, ore serenus, in genitore suo mente animoque puer", + "en": "Our elder son rose to the highest pinnacle of dignity, as prefect of all Gaul, Libya, and Latium,1 calm and kindly, gentle of glance and speech and mien, in bearing towards his father he was still a boy in mind and heart." + }, + { + "id": 2227, + "la": "huius ego et natum et generum pro consule vidi; consul ut ipse foret, spes mihi certa fuit", + "en": "I lived to see his son and son-in-law proconsuls,2 and my hope was always sure that he himself would be consul." + }, + { + "id": 2228, + "la": "matronale decus possedit filia, cuius egregia et nuptae laus erat et viduae, quae nati generique et progeneri simul omnium multiplici inlustres vidit honore domos", + "en": "My daughter enjoyed the pride of the wedded state, and won the highest praise both as wife and widow. She lived to see her son, her son-in-law, and her granddaughters husband all bring glory to their house in titles manifold." + }, + { + "id": 2229, + "la": "ipse nec adfectans nec detrectator honorum praefectus magni nuncupor Illyrici", + "en": "And I, although I neither angled for distinctions nor affected to disdain them, bore the title of prefect of the great Illyricum." + }, + { + "id": 2230, + "la": "haec me fortunae larga indulgentia suasit numine adorato vitae obitum petere, ne fortunatae spatium inviolabile vitae fatali morsu stringeret ulla dies", + "en": "Such lavish kindness on fortunes part moved me to praise my God, and pray that my life might end before any day with fell tooth should fret the unmarred span of so fortunate a life." + }, + { + "id": 2231, + "la": "optinui auditaeque preces: spem, vota, timorem sopitus placido fine relinquo aliis", + "en": "My prayers were heard and my request was granted: now I am fallen asleep after a peaceful end, and leave to others hopes, and prayers, and fears." + }, + { + "id": 2232, + "la": "inter maerentes, sed non ego maestus, amicos dispositis iacui funeris arbitriis", + "en": "And so, after the allowances3 for my funeral had been allotted, I lay amid grieving friends, myself not grieving." + }, + { + "id": 2233, + "la": "nonaginta annos baculo sine, corpore toto exegi, cunctis integer officiis", + "en": "Ninety years I lived, without a staff, my body whole and unfailing in all its functions." + }, + { + "id": 2234, + "la": "haec quicumque leges, non aspernabere fari: talis vita tibi, qualia vota mihi", + "en": "Whoeer you are who shall read these lines, you will not scorn to say: Your life was such as I pray mine may be." + }, + { + "id": 2235, + "la": "Iane, veni: novus anne, veni: renovate veni, sol", + "en": "Come, Janus; come, New Year; come, Sun, with strength renewed!" + }, + { + "id": 2236, + "la": "ecquid ab Augusta nunc maiestate secundum quod mireris, habes?", + "en": "What hast thou now beneath the Imperial dignity itself to marvel at?" + }, + { + "id": 2237, + "la": "Roma illa domusque Quirini et toga purpurei rutilans praetexta senati hoc apice aeternis signat sua tempora fastis", + "en": "That famous Rome, that dwelling of Quirinus, and that Senate whose bordered robes glow with rich purple, from this point date their seasons in their deathless records." + }, + { + "id": 2238, + "la": "[Iane, veni: novus anne, veni: renovate veni, sol.]", + "en": "Come, Janus; come, New Year; come, Sun, with strength renewed!" + }, + { + "id": 2239, + "la": "Anne, bonis coepte auspiciis, da vere salubri apricas ventorum animas, da roscida Cancro solstitia et gelidum Boream Septembribus horis", + "en": "Year, that beginnest with good augury, give us in healthful Spring winds of sunny breath; when the Crab shows at the solstice, give us dews, and allay the hours of September with a cool north wind." + }, + { + "id": 2240, + "la": "mordeat autumnis frigus subtile pruinis et tenuata moris cesset mediocribus aestas", + "en": "Let shrewdly-biting frosts lead in Autumn and let Summer wane and yield her place by slow degrees." + }, + { + "id": 2241, + "la": "sementem Notus umificet, sit bruma nivalis, dum pater antiqui renovatur Martius anni", + "en": "Let the south winds moisten the seed corn, and Winter reign with all her snows until March, father of the old-style year,1 come back anew." + }, + { + "id": 2242, + "la": "[Iane, veni: novus anne, veni: renovate veni, sol.]", + "en": "Come, Janus; come, New Year; come, Sun, with strength renewed!" + }, + { + "id": 2243, + "la": "Spiret odorato florum nova gratia Maio, Iulius et segetes coquat et mare temperet Euris, Sirius ardentem non augeat igne Leonem, discolor arboreos variet Pomona sapores, mitiget autumnus, quod maturaverit aestas, et genialis hiems parta sibi dote fruatur", + "en": "Let May come back with new grace and fragrant breath of flowers, let July ripen crops and give the sea respite from eastern winds, let Sirius flames not swell the heat of Leos rage, let party-hued Pomona bring on array of luscious fruits, let Autumn mellow what Summer has matured, and let jolly Winter enjoy his portion due." + }, + { + "id": 2244, + "la": "pacem mundus agat nec turbida sidera regnent", + "en": "Let the world live at peace, and no stars of trouble hold sway." + }, + { + "id": 2245, + "la": "[Iane, veni: novus anne, veni: renovate veni, sol.]", + "en": "Come, Janus; come, New Year; come, Sun, with strength renewed!" + }, + { + "id": 2246, + "la": "Nulla tuos, Gradive, offendat stella penates, quae non aequa tibi;", + "en": "Gradivus, let no star but such as favours thee invade thy house'" + }, + { + "id": 2247, + "la": "non Cynthia, non celer Arcas finitimus terris;", + "en": "not Cynthia, nor swift Arcas nearest to the earth," + }, + { + "id": 2248, + "la": "non tu, Saturne, supremo ultime circuitu: procul a Pyroente remotus tranquillum properabis iter", + "en": "nor thou, O Saturn, moving remote in thy distant orbit: far from the Fiery Planet thou shalt move on thy peaceful course." + }, + { + "id": 2249, + "la": "vos comminus ite, stella salutigeri Iovis et Cythereie Vesper: non umquam hospitibus facilis Cyllenius absit", + "en": "Ye in conjunction move, star of health-bringing Jove, and Cytherean Vesper, nor ever let the Cyllenian,1 so complaisant to his guests, tarry far off." + }, + { + "id": 2250, + "la": "Iane, veni: novus anne, veni: renovate veni, sol", + "en": "Come, Janus; come, New Year; come, Sun, with strength renewed!" + }, + { + "id": 2251, + "la": "Hostibus edomitis, qua Francia mixta Suebis certat ad obsequium, Latiis ut militet armis, qua vaga Sauromates sibi iunxerat agmina Chuni, quaque Getes sociis Histrum adsultabat Alanis (hoc mihi praepetibus victoria nuntiat alis): iam venit Augustus, nostros ut comat honores, officio exornans, quos participare cupisset", + "en": "All foes now vanquished2 (where the mixed Frankish and Swabian hordes vie in submission, seeking to serve in our Roman armies; and where the wandering bands of Huns had made alliance with the Sarmatian; and where the Getae with their Alan friends used to attack the Danube'for Victory borne on swift wings gives me the news of this), lo now the Emperor comes to grace my dignity, and with his favour crowns the distinction which he would fain have shared." + }, + { + "id": 2252, + "la": "Iane, veni: novus anne, veni: renovate veni, sol", + "en": "Come, Janus; come, New Year; come, Sun, with strength renewed!" + }, + { + "id": 2253, + "la": "Aurea venturo, Sol, porrige gaudia Iano: fascibus Ausonii succedet Caesar in annum, quintam Romulei praetextam habiturus honoris", + "en": "Offer thy golden joys, O Sun, to Janus, soon to come. A year, and Caesar shall succeed to the insignia of Ausonius, and wear for the fifth time the robe that distinguishes the Roman consul." + }, + { + "id": 2254, + "la": "ecce ubi se cumulat mea purpura (mitibus audi auribus hoc, Nemesis) post me dignatur oriri Augustus consul", + "en": "Lo, how my honours are increased (hear this, O Nemesis, with an indulgent ear): Augustus deigns to appear as consul after me." + }, + { + "id": 2255, + "la": "plus quam conferre videtur me sibi, qui iussit nostros praecedere fasces", + "en": "It is as though he did more than rank me with himself now he has bidden me to bear the insignia before himself." + }, + { + "id": 2256, + "la": "Iane, veni: novus anne, veni: renovate veni, sol", + "en": "Come, Janus; come, New Year; come, Sun, with strength renewed!" + }, + { + "id": 2257, + "la": "Tu tropicum soli da cedere, rursus et illum terga dare, ut duplex tropico varietur ab astro et quater a ternis properet mutatio signis", + "en": "Cause the one Tropic to give place to the Sun and again, make that other flee; that twice he (the Sun) may move through his changes from the Tropic Star and four times hasten to pass on from the three grouped Signs.1" + }, + { + "id": 2258, + "la": "aestivos inpelle dies brumamque morantem noctibus adceleret promissus Caesaris annus", + "en": "Urge on the summer days, and let Caesars promised year speed the winter with its laggard nights." + }, + { + "id": 2259, + "la": "illum ego si cernam, tum terque quaterque beatus, tunc ero bis consul, tunc tangam vertice caelum", + "en": "If I behold that year, then shall I be thrice, nay four times blessed; then shall I be doubly consul, then my head shall touch heaven itself." + }, + { + "id": 2260, + "la": "Ausonius genitor nobis, ego nomine eodem: qui sim, qua secta, stirpe, lare et patria, adscripsi, ut nosses, bone vir, quicumque fuisses, et notum memori me coleres animo", + "en": "My father was Ausonius, and I bear the same name. Who I am, and what is my rank, my family, my home, and my native land, I have written here, that you might know me, good Sir, whoever you may have been, and when you know me, might honour me with a place in your memory." + }, + { + "id": 2261, + "la": "Vasates patria est patri, gens Haedua matri de patre, Tarbellis set genetrix ab Aquis, ipse ego Burdigalae genitus: divisa per urbes quattuor antiquas stirpis origo meae", + "en": "Bazas1 was my fathers native place; my mother was of Aeduan2 race on her fathers side, though her mother came from Aquae Tarbellae;3 while I myself was born at Bordeaux: four ancient cities contribute to the origin of my family." + }, + { + "id": 2262, + "la": "hinc late fusa est cognatio; nomina multis ex nostra, ut placitum, ducta domo veniant: derivata aliis, nobis ab stemmate primo et non cognati, sed genetiva, placent", + "en": "Thus my connexions are widely spread: many, if so they please, may adopt names which are derived from my house. Others like names brought in from outside; I like such as are taken from the main line and are not names of connexions, but proper to the family." + }, + { + "id": 2263, + "la": "set redeo ad seriem", + "en": "But I return to my main theme." + }, + { + "id": 2264, + "la": "genitor studuit medicinae, disciplinarum quae dedit una deum", + "en": "My father practised medicine'the only one of all the arts which produced a god;4" + }, + { + "id": 2265, + "la": "nos ad grammaticen studium convertimus et mox rhetorices etiam, quod satis, attigimus", + "en": "I gave myself up to Grammar, and then to Rhetoric, wherein I gained sufficient skill." + }, + { + "id": 2266, + "la": "nec fora non celebrata mihi, set cura docendi cultior, et nomen grammatici merui non tam grande quidem, quo gloria nostra subiret Aemilium aut Scaurum Berytiumve Probum, sed quo nostrates, Aquitanica nomina, multos conlatus, set non subditus, adspicerem", + "en": "I frequented the Courts as well, but preferred to follow the business of teaching, and won some repute as a grammarian; and though my renown was not of so high a degree as to approach that of Aemilius,1 or Scaurus,2 or Probus of Beyrt;3 yet it was high enough to let me look upon the teachers of my day, men famous in Aquitaine, as their equal rather than their inferior." + }, + { + "id": 2267, + "la": "Exactisque dehinc per trina decennia fastis deserui doctor municipalem operam, aurea et Augusti palatia iussus adire Augustam subolem grammaticus docui, mox etiam rhetor", + "en": "Afterwards, when three decades with all their festivals were passed, I left my toils as a provincial teacher, receiving the command to enter the Emperors golden palace. There I taught the young prince Grammar, and in due time Rhetoric;" + }, + { + "id": 2268, + "la": "nec enim fiducia nobis vana aut non solidi gloria iudicii", + "en": "for, indeed, I have good reason for satisfaction and my boasting rests upon firm ground." + }, + { + "id": 2269, + "la": "cedo tamen fuerint fama potiore magistri, dum nulli fuerit discipulus melior", + "en": "Yet I confess that there have been tutors of greater fame, so but tis granted that there has been to none a nobler pupil." + }, + { + "id": 2270, + "la": "Alcides Atlantis et Aeacides Chironis, paene Iove iste satus, filius ille Iovis, Thessaliam Thebasque suos habuere penates: at meus hic toto regnat in orbe suo", + "en": "Alcaeus offspring was taught by Atlas, and the son of Aeacus by Chiron4'the first Joves own son, and the other well-nigh sprung from Jove'and these had Thebes and Thessaly for their homes. But this my pupil reigns over the whole world, which is his own." + }, + { + "id": 2271, + "la": "cuius ego comes et quaestor et, culmen honorum, praefectus Gallis et Libyae et Latio et, prior indeptus fasces Latiamque curulem, consul, collega posteriore, fui", + "en": "He created me Companion and Quaestor,5 and crowned my honours with the prefectship of the provinces of Gaul, Libya, and Italy.6 I became consul, too, and was given the precedence on assuming the insignia and the curule chair, so that my colleagues name stood after mine." + }, + { + "id": 2272, + "la": "Hic ergo Ausonius: sed tu ne temne, quod ultro patronum nostris te paro carminibus", + "en": "Such, then, is Ausonius: and you, on your part, do not despise me because I ask your favour for these songs of mine, without your seeking." + }, + { + "id": 2273, + "la": "Pectoris ut nostri sedem colis, alme Syagri, communemque habitas alter ego Ausonium: sic etiam nostro praefatus habebere libro, differat ut nihilo, sit tuus anne meus", + "en": "Gentle Syagrius,1 even as you have a home within my heart and, like another self, inhabit the Ausonius we both share, so also shall your name stand on the front page of my book, that there may be no difference whether it be mine or yours." + }, + { + "id": 2274, + "la": "Amor meus qui in te est et admiratio ingenii atque eruditionis tuae, quae multo maxima sunt, fecit, parens iucundissime, ut morem principibus aliis solitum sequestrarem familiaremque sermonem autographum ad te transmitterem, postulans pro iure non equidem regio, sed illius privatae inter nos caritatis, ne fraudari me scriptorum tuorum lectione patiaris", + "en": "My affection for you, and my admiration for your ability and learning, which could not possibly be higher, have caused me, my dearest father, to adopt as my own a custom followed by other princes and to send you under my own hand a friendly word asking you'not in right of my kingship, but of our mutual affection for each other'not to let me be cheated of a perusal of your works." + }, + { + "id": 2275, + "la": "quae olim mihi cognita et iam per tempus oblita rursum desidero, non solum ut, quae sunt nota, recolantur, sed etiam ut ea, quae fama celebri adiecta memorantur, accipiam", + "en": "Once I knew them well, but with time they have been forgotten; and now I long for them again, not only to refresh my memory as to those which are commonly known, but also to receive those which general report declares that you have added to the former." + }, + { + "id": 2276, + "la": "quae tu de promptuario scriniorum tuorum, qui me amas, libens imperties, secutus exempla auctorum optimorum, quibus par esse meruisti: qui Octaviano Augusto rerum potienti certatim opera sua tradebant, nullo fine in eius honorem multa condentes", + "en": "As you love me, then, consent to favour me with those treasures stored away in your desk, and so follow the example of the choicest writers, with whom you have earned an equal place. For when the Emperor Octavianus was reigning, they vied with one another in presenting him with their works, and set no limit to the number of the poems which they composed to his praise." + }, + { + "id": 2277, + "la": "qui illos haut sciam an aequaliter atque ego te admiratus sit, certe non amplius diligebat vale parens", + "en": "You may be sure that though he may perhaps have admired these authors as much as I do you, he certainly did not have a greater personal affection for them. Farewell, my father." + }, + { + "id": 2278, + "la": "Agricolam si flava Ceres dare semina terrae, Gradivus iubeat si capere arma ducem, solvere de portu classem Neptunus inermem: fidere tam fas est, quam dubitare nefas", + "en": "If yellow Ceres should bid the husbandman commit seed to the ground, or Mars order some general to take up arms, or Neptune command a fleet to put out to sea unrigged, then to obey confidently is as much a duty as to hesitate is the reverse." + }, + { + "id": 2279, + "la": "insanum quamvis hiemet mare crudaque tellus seminibus, bello nec satis apta manus, nil dubites auctore bono", + "en": "However much the wintry sea may rage with storms, or the land be yet unready for the seed, or the host still untrained for war, do not hesitate with such good councillors." + }, + { + "id": 2280, + "la": "mortalia quaerunt consilium", + "en": "Behests of mortals call for deliberation:" + }, + { + "id": 2281, + "la": "certus iussa capesse dei", + "en": "what a god commands perform without wavering." + }, + { + "id": 2282, + "la": "scribere me Augustus iubet et mea carmina poscit paene rogans: blando vis latet imperio", + "en": "The Emperor bids me write, and asks for my verse'nay, almost begs for it; power is masked under a courteous command." + }, + { + "id": 2283, + "la": "non habeo ingenium, Caesar sed iussit: habebo", + "en": "I have no skill to write, but Caesar has bidden me; well, I will have it." + }, + { + "id": 2284, + "la": "cur me posse negem, posse quod ille putat?", + "en": "Why should I deny that I can do what he thinks that I can do?" + }, + { + "id": 2285, + "la": "invalidas vires ipse excitat et iuvat idem, qui iubet: obsequium sufficit esse meum", + "en": "He by his own influence stirs up my feeble power, and he who bids me aids me as well; it is enough for me to obey." + }, + { + "id": 2286, + "la": "non tutum renuisse deo", + "en": "It is not safe to disoblige a god;" + }, + { + "id": 2287, + "la": "laudata pudoris saepe mora est, quotiens contra parem dubites", + "en": "though delay due to modesty often deserves praise, when we hold back despite the entreaties of our peers." + }, + { + "id": 2288, + "la": "Quin etiam non iussa parant erumpere dudum carmina", + "en": "Nay more, these songs of mine have long been ready to break out unbidden:" + }, + { + "id": 2289, + "la": "quis nolit Caesaris esse liber, ne ferat indignum vatem centumque lituras, mutandas semper deteriore nota?", + "en": "and what book would not be Caesars own in the hope to escape thereby the countless erasures of a wretched bard, always emending and emending for the worse?" + }, + { + "id": 2290, + "la": "tu modo te iussisse, pater Romane, memento inque meis culpis da tibi tu veniam", + "en": "Remember only, father of the Romans, that you gave me the command, and where I fail you must bestow forgiveness on yourself." + }, + { + "id": 2291, + "la": "Latebat inter nugas meas libellus ignobilis;", + "en": "Hiding away amongst my trash was a wretched little book;" + }, + { + "id": 2292, + "la": "utinamque latuisset neque indicio suo tamquam sorex periret", + "en": "and I would to Heaven it had kept hidden and were not coming to grief by betraying itself as the shrew-mouse did." + }, + { + "id": 2293, + "la": "hunc ego cum velut gallinaceus Euclionis situ chartei pulveris eruissem, excussum relegi atque ut avidus faenerator inprobum nummum malui occupare quam condere", + "en": "When, like Euclios cock,3 I had disinterred this from a litter of crumbling paper and had shaken out the dust, I read it again, and, as a grasping usurer, preferred to put a bad coin out to interest rather than keep it by me." + }, + { + "id": 2294, + "la": "dein cogitans mecum, non illud Catullianum, cui dono lepidum novum libellum, set oo et verius: cui dono inlepidum, rudem libellum, non diu quaesivi", + "en": "Then, while reflecting, not in those words of Catullus, To whom do I give my pretty, new book?, but less poetically and more truthfully, To whom do I give my ugly, rough book?, I did not seek for long." + }, + { + "id": 2295, + "la": "tu enim occurristi, quem ego, si mihi potestas sit ex omnibus deligendi, unum semper elegerim", + "en": "For you confronted me'the man whom I, had I the power to pick from all mankind, would ever have picked out alone." + }, + { + "id": 2296, + "la": "misi itaque ad te haec frivola gerris Siculis vaniora, ut, cum agis nihil, haec legas et, ne nihil agas, defendas", + "en": "And so I send you this frivolous piece, more worthless than Sicilian junk,4 that, when you are doing nothing, you may read it, and may find something to do in defending it." + }, + { + "id": 2297, + "la": "igitur iste nugator libellus iam diu secreta quidem, sed vulgi lectione laceratus perveniet tandem in manus tuas", + "en": "Well, this trumpery booklet, long since mangled by its surreptitious but wide circulation, will at last come into your hands." + }, + { + "id": 2298, + "la": "quem tu aut ut Aesculapius redintegrabis ad vitam, aut ut Plato iuvante Vulcano liberabis infamia, si pervenire non debet ad famam", + "en": "You will either, like Aesculapius,1 restore it to life, or, like Plato,2 with aid of Vulcan,3 will deliver it from disrepute, if it has no right to attain to repute." + }, + { + "id": 2299, + "la": "Fuit autem ineptiolae huius ista materia, in expeditione, quod tempus, ut scis, licentiae militaris est, super mensam meam facta est invitatio, non illa de Rubrii convivio, ut Graeco more biberetur, set illa de Flacci ecloga, in qua propter mediam noctem et novam lunam et Murenae auguratum", + "en": "The occasion of this bit of foolery was as follows. When I was on active service4'a season which, as you know, is one of military freedom'at my mess a challenge was issued to drink, not in Greek fashion5 as at the banquet of Rubrius, but after the manner described by Flaccus in that piece of his where by reason of midnight and the new moon and Muraenas augurship" + }, + { + "id": 2300, + "la": "ternos ter cyathos attonitus petit vates.", + "en": "the bard inspired calls for thrice three cups." + }, + { + "id": 2301, + "la": "hunc locum de ternario numero illico nostra illa poetica scabies coepit exculpere:", + "en": "At this subject of the triple number that poetic itch of mine at once began scratching away:" + }, + { + "id": 2302, + "la": "cuius morbi quoniam facile contagium est, utinam ad te quoque prurigo commigret et fuco tuae emendationis adiecto inpingas sphongiam, quae inperfectum opus equi male spumantis absolvat", + "en": "and since this disease is easily communicable, may the plaguy passion pass over to you also, and that, with some of your improving colour added, you may dash the sponge which shall give the finishing touch to the incomplete work of my badly-foaming Pegasus." + }, + { + "id": 2303, + "la": "ac ne me nescias gloriosum, coeptos inter prandendum dum versiculos ante cenae tempus absolvi, hoc est, dum bibo et paulo ante quam biberem", + "en": "And that you may know me for a boaster'I began these bits of verses during tiffin and finished them before messtime, that is to say, while drinking and a little before drinking (again)." + }, + { + "id": 2304, + "la": "Sit ergo examen pro materia et tempore, set tu quoque hoc ipsum paulo hilarior et dilutior lege;", + "en": "Your criticism, therefore, must allow for the subject and the season. Nay, do you too read this same book when a trifle gay and wutty;" + }, + { + "id": 2305, + "la": "namque iniurium est de poeta male sobrio lectorem abstemium iudicare", + "en": "for it is unfair for a teetotal critic to pass judgment on a poet half-seas over." + }, + { + "id": 2306, + "la": "Neque me fallit fore aliquem, qui hunc iocum nostrum acutis naribus et caperrata fronte condemnet negetque me omnia, quae ad ternarium et novenarium numeros pertinent, attigisse", + "en": "I do not forget either that there will be someone who with keen scent and furrowed brow will damn this jest of mine, and say that I have not touched on all the aspects which the numbers three and nine present." + }, + { + "id": 2307, + "la": "quem ego verum dicere fatebor, iuste, negabo", + "en": "I will admit that he speaks truth, but deny its fairness." + }, + { + "id": 2308, + "la": "quippe si bonus est, quae omisi, non oblita mihi, sed praeterita existimet", + "en": "For if he is a good sort, let him consider that what I have left out has not been forgotten by me, but passed over." + }, + { + "id": 2309, + "la": "dehine qualiscumque est, cogitet secum, quam multa de his non repperisset, si ipse quaesisset", + "en": "Next, whatever he is like, let him reflect how many of these instances he would not have found if he himself had been searching." + }, + { + "id": 2310, + "la": "sciat etiam me neque omnibus erutis usum et quibusdam oblatis abusum", + "en": "Let him know also that I have not always employed recondite instances, and have sometimes employed the obvious excessively." + }, + { + "id": 2311, + "la": "quam multa enim de ternario sciens neclego!", + "en": "For how many examples of the number Three do I deliberately ignore!" + }, + { + "id": 2312, + "la": "tempora et personas, genera et gradus, novem naturalia metra cum trimetris, totam grammaticam et musicam librosque medicinae, ter maximum Hermen et amatorem primum philosophiae Varronisque numeros et quidquid profanum vulgus ignorat", + "en": "Tenses and persons, genders and degrees of comparison, the nine natural metres1 together with the trimeters, the whole field of grammar and music and the books of medicine, thrice-greatest Hermes,2 Philosophys first lover,3 the numbers of Varro,4 and all that the uninitiate herd wots not of." + }, + { + "id": 2313, + "la": "Postremo, quod facile est, cum ipse multa invenerit, comparet paret se atque me, occupatum cum otioso, pransum cum abstemio, iocum et ludum meum, diligentiam et calumniam suam", + "en": "Finally'and tis an easy test'let him find out himself as many as he can and then compare himself and me, a hurried worker with a leisured, one who has lunched well with one soberheaded, my playful jeu desprit with his studied artifices." + }, + { + "id": 2314, + "la": "alius enim alio plura invenire potest: nemo omnia", + "en": "For one can find more instances than another: none can find all." + }, + { + "id": 2315, + "la": "Quod si alicui et obscuras videbor, aput eum me sic tuebere:", + "en": "But if anyone shall also think my meaning dark, you will defend me against him in this way:" + }, + { + "id": 2316, + "la": "primum eiusmodi epyllia, nisi vel obscura sint, nihil futura;", + "en": "first, that such tours de force1 will go for nothing unless they are dark;" + }, + { + "id": 2317, + "la": "deinde numerorum naturam non esse scirpum, ut sine nodo sint:", + "en": "secondly, that numbers are not like bulrushes, without knots;" + }, + { + "id": 2318, + "la": "postremo si etiam tibi obscurus fuero, cui nihil neque non lectum est neque non intellectum, tum vero ego beatus, quod adfectavi, adsequar, me ut requiras, me ut desideres, de me cogites vale", + "en": "lastly, if you also find my meaning dark'you who have left nothing unconned, nothing unconquered'then indeed I shall be happy in attaining what I have sought after, to make you want me, long for me, think of me. Farewell!" + }, + { + "id": 2319, + "la": "Ter bibe vel totiens ternos:", + "en": "Thrice drink or else as many times three cups:" + }, + { + "id": 2320, + "la": "sic mystica lex est, vel tria potanti vel ter tria multiplicanti, inparibus novies ternis contexere coebum", + "en": "thus stands the mystic law'whether three draughts thou drinkest or three thrice multipliest, with nine times three uneven form the cube!3" + }, + { + "id": 2321, + "la": "Iuris idem tribus est, quod ter tribus: omnia in istis;", + "en": "The same virtue is in three as in thrice three: all things are in terms of these;" + }, + { + "id": 2322, + "la": "forma hominis coepti plenique exactio partus quique novem novies fati tenet ultima finis", + "en": "the first forming of the human shape, the due completion of the act of birth,4 and the limit which marks mans extreme span, years nine times nine.5" + }, + { + "id": 2323, + "la": "tris Ope progeniti fratres, tris ordine partae, Vesta, Ceres et Iuno, secus muliebre, sorores", + "en": "Three were the brethren born of Ops6 (Rhea), three the sisters whom she bare in turn, Vesta, Ceres, and Juno, a female company." + }, + { + "id": 2324, + "la": "inde trisulca Iovis sunt fulmina, Cerberus inde, inde tridens triplexque Helenae cum fratribus ovum", + "en": "So triple-barbed are Joves thunderbolts, so is it with Cerberus, so with the trident, and the triple egg whence Helen and her brethren came." + }, + { + "id": 2325, + "la": "ter nova Nestoreos implevit purpura fusos et totiens trino cornix vivacior aevo", + "en": "Thrice was the distaff of Nestors destiny replenished with purple yarn, and as many times doth the crow outlive that triple span." + }, + { + "id": 2326, + "la": "quam novies terni glomerantem saecula tractus vincunt aeripedes ter terno Nestore cervi, tris quorum aetates superat Phoebeius oscen, quem novies senior Gangeticus anteit ales, ales cinnameo radiatus tempora nido", + "en": "And could she roll into one nine times the periods of three ages, yet by thrice Nestors triple span do brazen-footed stags surpass her,2 whereof three lifetimes doth the sacred bird of Phoebus3 overpass, to be nine times outstripped by that fowl of Ganges, radiate of head within his nest of cinnamon.4" + }, + { + "id": 2327, + "la": "Tergemina est Hecate, tria virginis ora Dianae; tris Charites, tria Fata, triplex vox, trina elementa", + "en": "Triple in form is Hecate, three faces has virgin Diana; three the Graces, three the Fates, three tones hath the voice,5 three are the elements.6" + }, + { + "id": 2328, + "la": "tris in Trinacria Siredones; omnia terna: tris volucres, tris semideae, tris semipuellae, ter tribus ad palmam iussae certare camenis, ore manu flatu buxo fide voce canentes", + "en": "Three Sirens were in three-cornered Sicily, triple in all respects: three birds, three demi-goddesses, three semi-maids,7 with thrice three Muses8 bidden to strive for the palm, employing lips, hands, and breath, making melody with pipes, strings, and voice." + }, + { + "id": 2329, + "la": "tris sophiae partes, tria Punica bella, trimenstres annorum caelique vices noctisque per umbram tergemini vigiles", + "en": "Three the branches of Philosophy,9 three the Punic Wars, three months go to each change in the year and clime, threefold the watches which share Nights gloom." + }, + { + "id": 2330, + "la": "ter clara instantis Eoi signa canit serus deprenso Marte satelles", + "en": "Thrice doth that tardy sentinel,10 who let Mars be caught, sound the clear call of approaching Dawn." + }, + { + "id": 2331, + "la": "et qui conceptus triplicatae vespere noctis iussa quater ternis adfixit opima tropaeis", + "en": "And he1 who was conceived in the darkness of a tripled night2 hung up the spoils enjoined on thrice four trophies." + }, + { + "id": 2332, + "la": "Et lyrici vates numero sunt Mnemosynarum, tris solas quondam tenuit quas dextera Phoebi:", + "en": "Also the lyric poets are of one number with the Mnemosynae,3 three of whom only Phoebus once held in his right hand:4" + }, + { + "id": 2333, + "la": "set Citheron totiens ternas ex aere sacravit relligione patrum, qui sex sprevisse timebant", + "en": "but Cithaeron dedicated three times three in bronze5'such was our fathers piety, who feared to slight the six." + }, + { + "id": 2334, + "la": "trina Tarentino celebrata trinoctia ludo, qualia bis genito Thebis trieterica Baccho", + "en": "Thrice a year were games held at Tarentum6 lasting three nights, like the three-yearly festival at Thebes for twiceborn Bacchus." + }, + { + "id": 2335, + "la": "tris primas Thraecum pugnas tribus ordine bellis Iuniadae patrio inferias misere sepulcro", + "en": "The three first combats of gladiators matched in three pairs'these were the offering made by the sons of Junius at their fathers sepulchre.7" + }, + { + "id": 2336, + "la": "illa etiam thalamos per trina aenigmata quaerens, qui bipes et quadrupes foret et tripes, omnia solus, terruit Aoniam volucris, leo, virgo triformis sphinx, volucris pennis, pedibus fera, fronte puella", + "en": "She too, who asked her triple riddle of the suitors of the queen8'what one being was two-legged, four-legged, and three-legged, and yet the same'the Sphinx who affrighted Aonia, was of triple shape, part bird, part lioness, part maid'in wings a bird, in paws a beast, in face a girl." + }, + { + "id": 2337, + "la": "Trina in Tarpeio fulgent consortia templo", + "en": "Three are the allied gods who shine in the temple on the Tarpeian rock." + }, + { + "id": 2338, + "la": "humana efficiunt habitacula tergenus artes: parietibus qui saxa locat, qui culmine tigna, et qui supremo comit tectoria cultu", + "en": "Threefold the crafts which shape mans dwelling-place: one man lays stones in the walls, a second beams in the roof, a third adds the last covering of tiles." + }, + { + "id": 2339, + "la": "hinc Bromii quadrantal et hinc Sicana medimna: hoc tribus, hoc geminis tribus explicat usus agendi", + "en": "Three is a factor of the quadrantal9 of Bromius, as also of the Sicilian medimnus: this into three, that into twice three parts is broken up in common use." + }, + { + "id": 2340, + "la": "in physicis tria prima, deus, mundus, data forma: tergenus omnigenum, genitor, genetrix, generatum", + "en": "In natural science are three prime causes, God, matter, and the shape given:1 three-formed is all formation, the former, the formatrix, and the formed.2" + }, + { + "id": 2341, + "la": "Per trinas species trigonorum regula currit, aequilatus vel crure pari vel in omnibus inpar", + "en": "Over three kinds ranges the figure of the triangle, equilateral, isosceles, and scalene." + }, + { + "id": 2342, + "la": "tris coit in partes numerus perfectus, ut idem congrege ter terno per ter tria dissoluatur", + "en": "Three parts combined make up the perfect number,3 in such wise that if a group thrice three be formed, by three times three the same may be resolved." + }, + { + "id": 2343, + "la": "tris primus par, impar habet mediumque: sed ipse, ut tris, sic quinque et septem quoque, dividit unus;", + "en": "Three is the first number which has an odd, an even, and a medial unit: but, as the unit itself divides4 three, so does it five and seven;" + }, + { + "id": 2344, + "la": "et numero in toto positus sub acumine centri distinguit solidos coebo pergente trientes, aequipares dirimens partes ex inpare terno:", + "en": "and when tis placed under5 the central point of the full number, it parts in two a series of thirds forming a continuous cube,6 by separating even and equal groups from the uneven threes:" + }, + { + "id": 2345, + "la": "et paribus triplex medium, cum quattuor et sex bisque quaternorum secernitur omphalos idem", + "en": "and even numbers thrice find a centre, when the same midmost point of four, six, and twice four, is bracketed." + }, + { + "id": 2346, + "la": "Ius triplex, tabulae quod ter sanxere quaternae:", + "en": "Triple the code which Tables7 four times three ordained:" + }, + { + "id": 2347, + "la": "sacrum, privatum et populi commune quod usquam est", + "en": "the canon, the private, and the common law which is current everywhere." + }, + { + "id": 2348, + "la": "interdictorum trinum genus: unde repulsus vi fuero aut utrubi fuerit quorumve bonorum", + "en": "The legal interdict has three formulae, the whence by force I have been put out, the wherever he has been, and the which goods.1" + }, + { + "id": 2349, + "la": "triplex libertas capitisque minutio triplex", + "en": "In three ways freedom is acquired,2 in three ways civil rights may be attainted.3" + }, + { + "id": 2350, + "la": "trinum dicendi genus est: sublime, modestum et tenui filo", + "en": "Three are the modes of eloquence, the exalted, the restrained, and the close-wove.4" + }, + { + "id": 2351, + "la": "triplex quoque forma medendi, cui logos aut methodos cuique experientia nomen", + "en": "Medicine also has three branches, called theory, practice, and empiric.5" + }, + { + "id": 2352, + "la": "et medicina triplex: servare, cavere, mederi", + "en": "And Medicine in aim is triple, to maintain health, prevent disease, and heal." + }, + { + "id": 2353, + "la": "tris oratorum cultus; regnata Colosso quem Rhodos, Actaeae quem dilexistis Athenae et quem de scaenis tetrica ad subsellia traxit prosa Asiae, in causis numeros imitata chororum", + "en": "Three are the styles of oratory:6 the first from Rhodes, dominated by its Colossus, the second beloved by thee, Attic Athens, and thirdly that which the prose of Asia dragged from the stage to the crabbed benches of the law, imitating in our courts the lilt of choric songs." + }, + { + "id": 2354, + "la": "Orpheos hinc tripodes, quia sunt tria, terra, aqua, flamma triplex sideribus positus, distantia, forma", + "en": "This number explains Orpheus Tripod,7 because there are three elements, earth, water, fire. Triple the classification of the stars, according to their station, distance, and their magnitude." + }, + { + "id": 2355, + "la": "et modus et genetrix modulorum musica triplex, mixta libris, secreta astris, vulgata theatris", + "en": "The modes8 also are threefold, and so is Music, mother of measures'that woven into books,9 that possessed in secret by the stars, and that purveyed in our theatres." + }, + { + "id": 2356, + "la": "Martia Roma triplex: equitatu, plebe, senatu", + "en": "Mars city, Rome, hath three orders, Knights, Commons, Senators." + }, + { + "id": 2357, + "la": "hoc numero tribus et sacro de monte tribuni", + "en": "From this number the tribe10 takes its name, as do the tribunes of the Sacred Mount.1" + }, + { + "id": 2358, + "la": "tres equitum turmae, tria nomina nobiliorum", + "en": "Three are the squadrons of the Knights, three the names borne by the nobility.1" + }, + { + "id": 2359, + "la": "nomina sunt chordis tria, sunt tria nomina mensi", + "en": "The chords have three names,2 and three names each month3 owns." + }, + { + "id": 2360, + "la": "Geryones triplices, triplex conpago Chimaerae: Scylla triplex, commissa tribus: cane, virgine, pisce", + "en": "Geryones was three in one, triple the compound of Chimaera: Scylla was triple, a mixture of three forms, part dog, part woman, and part fish." + }, + { + "id": 2361, + "la": "Gorgones Harpalycaeque et Erinyes agmine terno, et tris fatidicae, nomen commune, Sibyllae, quarum tergemini fatalia carmina libri, quos ter quinorum servat cultura virorum", + "en": "The Gorgons, Harpies, and Erinyes lived in bands of three, and three the soothsaying Sibyls,4 bearers of a common name, whose fateful verses, couched in volumes three, are preserved in the keeping of the thrice five men.5" + }, + { + "id": 2362, + "la": "Ter bibe", + "en": "Thrice drink!" + }, + { + "id": 2363, + "la": "tris numerus super omnia, tris deus unus", + "en": "The number three is above all, Three Persons and one God!" + }, + { + "id": 2364, + "la": "hic quoque ne ludus numero transcurrat inerti, ter decies ternos habeat deciesque novenos", + "en": "And that this conceit may not run its course without significance of number, let it have verses thrice ten times three, or nine times ten!" + }, + { + "id": 2365, + "la": "Misi ad te Technopaegnion, inertis otii mei inutile opusculum", + "en": "I am sending you my Technopaegnion, the poor unprofitable outcome of inactive leisure." + }, + { + "id": 2366, + "la": "versiculi sunt monosyllabis coepti et monosyllabis terminati", + "en": "It consists in verses begun with monosyllables and ended with monosyllables." + }, + { + "id": 2367, + "la": "nec hic modo stetit scrupea difficultas, sed accessit ad miseriam conectendi, ut idem monosyllabon, quod esset finis extremi versus, principium fieret insequentis", + "en": "But the rock-strewn1 difficulty of the task did not stop there, but went on further to the heart-breaking business of linking up, so that the monosyllable which was the ending of one verse might also become the beginning of the line following." + }, + { + "id": 2368, + "la": "dic ergo: o mora, o poena!", + "en": "You may well exclaim, then: Heavens, what time and toil!" + }, + { + "id": 2369, + "la": "rem vanam quippe curavi:", + "en": "Of a surety I have spent my pains upon a useless task:" + }, + { + "id": 2370, + "la": "exigua est, et fastiditur:", + "en": "it is small, yet it brings a sense of surfeit;" + }, + { + "id": 2371, + "la": "inconexa est et implicatur:", + "en": "it is disjointed, yet a hopeless tangle;" + }, + { + "id": 2372, + "la": "cum sit aliquid, vel nihili deprehenditur", + "en": "though it is something, it is proved to be worth just nothing." + }, + { + "id": 2373, + "la": "laboravi tamen, ut haberet aut historicon quippiam, aut dialecticon", + "en": "Nevertheless, I have taken pains to give it something of learning and lore;" + }, + { + "id": 2374, + "la": "nam poeticam vel sophisticam levitatem necessitas observationis exclusit", + "en": "for the rule I was bound to keep debarred the lighter graces of poetry and rhetoric." + }, + { + "id": 2375, + "la": "ad summam, non est quod mireris: sed paucis litteris additis, est cuius miserearis neque aemulari velis", + "en": "To sum up, you will find here nothing pretty, but (with the change of a few letters) something to pity and to resolve never to imitate." + }, + { + "id": 2376, + "la": "et si huc quoque descenderis, maiorem molestiam capias ingenii et facundiae detrimento, quam oblectationem imitationis affectu", + "en": "And if you should come down into these depths also, you will find the cramping of your ideas and powers of expression causes you greater discomfort than your effort at imitation affords you delight" + }, + { + "id": 2377, + "la": "Res hominum fragiles alit et regit et perimit Fors Fors dubia aeternumque labans:", + "en": "Things that concern men are frail, prospered, guided, and destroyed by Chance'Chance the unstable, ever-changing goddess," + }, + { + "id": 2378, + "la": "quam blanda fovet Spes Spes nullo finita aevo:", + "en": "who is flattered by fond Hope'Hope, who knows no bounds of time;" + }, + { + "id": 2379, + "la": "cui terminus est Mors Mors avida, inferna mergit caligine quam nox nox obitura vicem, remeaverit aurea cum lux lux dono concessa deum, cui praevius est Sol Sol, cui nec furto in Veneris latet armipotens Mars Mars nullo de patre satus, quem Thraessa colit gens Gens infrena virum, quibus in scelus omne ruit fas fas hominem mactare sacris:", + "en": "whose only end is Death'Death the insatiate, who is steeped in infernal gloom by Night'Night, who must yield place on the return of golden Light'Light bestowed by Heavens gift, whose harbinger is the Sun'the Sun, who even in their stolen loves beholds Venus and warrior Mars'Mars unbegotten of a father, who is worshipped by the Thracian race'a race of uncurbed folk, with whom every crime is right:'Right bids them offer men in sacrifice:" + }, + { + "id": 2380, + "la": "ferus iste loci mos mos ferus audacis populi, quem nulla tenet lex lex naturali quam condidit inperio ius ius genitum pietate hominum, ius certa dei mens mens, quae caelesti sensu rigat emeritum cor cor vegetum mundi instar habens, animae vigor et vis:", + "en": "such is their savage wont'wont of a savage and a daring folk, all unrestrained by Law'Law, which was founded by the natural sway of Right'Right which is sprung from mans natural affection, Right which is Gods unerring mind'mind which bedews with heavenly influence the deserving heart'the heart, alive, formed like the globe, the lifes power and its strength:'" + }, + { + "id": 2381, + "la": "vis tamen hic nulla est: tantum est iocus et nihili res", + "en": "strength, however, there is none in this: tis but a jest and a worthless thing." + }, + { + "id": 2382, + "la": "Ut in vetere proverbio est sequitur vara vibiam, similium nugarum subtexo nequitiam", + "en": "The old saw runs: Misfortunes never come singly;2 and so I append to the foregoing some perverse trifles of the same sort." + }, + { + "id": 2383, + "la": "et hi versiculi culi monosyllabis terminantur, exordio tamen libero, quamquam fine legitimo", + "en": "In this case, however, the lines end in monosyllables, while their beginnings are free though the ending is bound by rule." + }, + { + "id": 2384, + "la": "set laboravi, ut quantum eius possent aput aures indulgentissimas, absurda concinerent, insulsa resiperent, hiulca congruerent;", + "en": "But I have taken pains'so far as is possible, given the utmost lenience on my hearers part'to harmonize what is harsh, to give a flavour to the insipid, to couple up the disconnected;" + }, + { + "id": 2385, + "la": "denique haberent et amara dulcedinem et inepta venerem et aspera lenitatem", + "en": "in short, to lend sweetness to the bitter, grace to the awkward, smoothness to the rough." + }, + { + "id": 2386, + "la": "quae quidem omnia, quoniam insuavis materia devenustat, lectio benigna conciliet", + "en": "And since the dreariness of the subject-matter robs all these allurements of their charm, the readers kindness must make them agreeable." + }, + { + "id": 2387, + "la": "tu quoque mihi tua crede securior, quippe meliora, ut, quod per adagionem coepimus, proverbio finiamus et mutuum muli scalpant.", + "en": "Do you also entrust your work to me; and that with the less misgiving, since it is better than mine, that so'for as I have begun with a saw, so I must end with an adage'mules may ease each others itch." + }, + { + "id": 2388, + "la": "Aemula dis, naturae imitatrix, omniparens ars, Pacato ut studeat ludus meus, esto operi dux", + "en": "Thou rival of the gods, Natures mimic, universal mother, Art, that Pacatus may approve my trifles, be to my work a guide!" + }, + { + "id": 2389, + "la": "arta, inamoena licet nec congrua carminibus lex, iudice sub tanto fandi tamen accipiet ius", + "en": "Harsh, unlovely, and for verse ill-suited though be my rule, yet before such a judge of eloquence it shall receive right.1" + }, + { + "id": 2390, + "la": "quippe et ridiculis data gloria, ni prohibet fors", + "en": "For even fooling may win praise, save when forbid by Chance." + }, + { + "id": 2391, + "la": "Indicat in pueris septennia prima novus dens, pubentes annos robustior anticipat vox", + "en": "A boys entry on his seventh year is marked by a second growth of teeth: the approach of ripening years is foretold by a more manly voice." + }, + { + "id": 2392, + "la": "invicta et ventis et solibus est hominum frons", + "en": "Unconquered both by wind and sun is the human face.2" + }, + { + "id": 2393, + "la": "ecdurum nervi cum viscere consociant os", + "en": "The sinews link the flesh in partnership with the hard bone." + }, + { + "id": 2394, + "la": "palpitat inrequies, vegetum, teres, acre, calens cor, unde vigent sensus, dominatrix quos vegetat mens, atque in verba refert modulata lege loquax os", + "en": "Restless, full of life, round, eager, warm throbs the heart, wherefrom the feelings have their strength: they are enlivened by their mistress, Mind, and translated into words by law articulate through the chattering mouth." + }, + { + "id": 2395, + "la": "quam validum est, hominis quota portio, caeruleum fel!", + "en": "How potent, yet how small a part oi man is the dark bile!" + }, + { + "id": 2396, + "la": "quam tenue et molem quantam fert corpoream crus!", + "en": "How great a mass of body rests on that slender prop, the leg!" + }, + { + "id": 2397, + "la": "pondere sub quanto nostrum moderatur iter pes!", + "en": "Beneath how great a load moves that which controls our way, the foot!" + }, + { + "id": 2398, + "la": "Saepe in coniugiis fit noxia, si nimia est, dos", + "en": "In wedlock mischief often follows if too great is the wifes dot." + }, + { + "id": 2399, + "la": "sexus uterque potens, set praevalet inperio mas", + "en": "Each sex has its powers, but in authority paramount is the male." + }, + { + "id": 2400, + "la": "qui recte faciet, non qui dominatur, erit rex", + "en": "He who acts rightly, not he who holds sway, will be a king." + }, + { + "id": 2401, + "la": "vexat amicitias et foedera dissociat lis", + "en": "Friendships are troubled, treaties dissolved by strife." + }, + { + "id": 2402, + "la": "incipe, quidquid agas: pro toto est prima operis pars", + "en": "Whatever you are about, begin it: good as the whole is a tasks first half.1" + }, + { + "id": 2403, + "la": "insinuat caelo disque inserit emeritos laus", + "en": "Their way to Heaven and their place among the gods the worthy win through praise." + }, + { + "id": 2404, + "la": "et disciplinis conferta est et vitiis urbs", + "en": "Crowded with virtues and with vices is the town." + }, + { + "id": 2405, + "la": "urbibus in tutis munitior urbibus est arx", + "en": "In guarded cities yet more strongly guarded is the keep." + }, + { + "id": 2406, + "la": "auro magnus honos, auri pretium tamen est aes", + "en": "Gold is in high esteem; and yet gold has its price in bronze." + }, + { + "id": 2407, + "la": "longa dies operosa viro, sed temperies nox, qua caret Aethiopum plaga, pervigil, inrequies gens, semper ubi aeterna vertigine clara manet lux", + "en": "Long day is full of toil for men; but relief comes with the night, which never falls on the realm of the Ethiopians'a sleepless, restless tribe; for there, moving in unbroken circle through the sky, shines ever the bright light." + }, + { + "id": 2408, + "la": "Sunt et caelicolum monosyllaba", + "en": "The inhabitants of Heaven also have their monosyllables." + }, + { + "id": 2409, + "la": "prima deum Fas, quae Themis est Grais;", + "en": "First of the gods is Right, who is Themis to the Greeks;" + }, + { + "id": 2410, + "la": "post hanc Rea, quae Latiis Ops;", + "en": "next Rhea, whom the Romans know as Ops;" + }, + { + "id": 2411, + "la": "tum lovis et Consi germanus, Tartareus Dis, et soror et coniunx fratris, regina deum, Vis, et qui quadriiugo curru pater invehitur Sol, quique truces belli motus ciet armipotens Mars, quem numquam pietas, numquam bona sollicitat Pax", + "en": "then, brother of Jove and Consus, Tartarean Dis, her brothers sister and his wife, the queen of the gods, Might, and he who rides in a four-horse chariot, the old Sun, and he who wakens wars fierce tumult'the warrior Mars, by love of kindred never roused nor by kind Peace." + }, + { + "id": 2412, + "la": "nec cultor nemorum reticebere, Maenalide Pan, nec genius domuum, Larunda progenitus Lar, fluminibusque Italis praepollens, sulphureus Nar, quaeque pias divum periuria, nocticolor Styx, velivolique maris constrator, leuconotos Libs, et numquam in dubiis hominem bona destituens Spes", + "en": "Thou also shalt be named, thou haunter of the woods, Maenalian Pan; and thou, the genius of our homes, born of Larunda,1 Lar; and thou, eminent above the streams of Italy, sulphureous Nar;2 and thou who dost punish the gods for perjury,3 night-dark Styx; the calmer also of the sea whereon sails flit, white-backed Libs;4 and thou, who never leavst poor man in trouble, kindly Hope." + }, + { + "id": 2413, + "la": "Nec nostros reticebo cibos, quos priscus habet mos, inritamentum quibus additur aequoreum sal", + "en": "I will tell also of our articles of food, as fixed by ancient use, to which for relish we add sea-born salt." + }, + { + "id": 2414, + "la": "communis pecorique olim cibus atque homini glans, ante equidem campis quam spicea suppeteret frux", + "en": "Of old food for beast and man alike was furnished by the oak,5 ere that in fields there was store of wheaten ears." + }, + { + "id": 2415, + "la": "mox ador atque adoris de polline pultificum far, instruxit mensas quo quondam Romulidum plebs", + "en": "Next came spelt, and from spelt pottage-making meal, that mid the sons of Romulus furnishes the tables of the common folk." + }, + { + "id": 2416, + "la": "hinc cibus, hinc potus, cum dilueretur aqua puis, est inter fruges morsu piper aequiperans git, et Pelusiaco de semine plana, teres lens, et duplici defensa putamine quinquegenus nux, quodque cibo et potu placitum, labor acer apum, mel: naturae liquor iste novae, cui summa natat faex", + "en": "Thereafter, food and drink both (when mixed with water), pulse. Another fruit, no less hot than pepper, is the coriander-pp, and, grown from Pelusian seed, the smooth, round lentil-bean,6 and five kinds, shielded by doubleshells,1 of nuts. Besides, what is agreeable for food and drink,2 the bees industrious toil, honey of the comb: that fluid has strange properties; for on its surface float the dregs.3" + }, + { + "id": 2417, + "la": "Solamen tibi, Phoebe, novum dedit Oebalius flos", + "en": "Phoebus, to thee new consolation came through the Oebalian bloom.4" + }, + { + "id": 2418, + "la": "flore alio reus est Narcissi morte sacer fons", + "en": "Another bloom sprang through the fault of that which is accursed for Narcissus death'a. fount." + }, + { + "id": 2419, + "la": "caedis Adoneae mala gloria fulmineus sus", + "en": "For slain Adonis ill-renowned is the bright-tusked boar." + }, + { + "id": 2420, + "la": "periurum Lapitham Iunonia ludificat nubs ludit et Aeaciden Parnasia Delphicolae sors", + "en": "The forsworn Lapith5 is beguiled by Junos shape'a cloud, and she who dwells at Parnassian Delphi beguiles the son of Aeacus with her voice.6" + }, + { + "id": 2421, + "la": "Thraeicium Libycum freta Cimmeriumque secat bos", + "en": "Across Thracian, Libyan, and Cimmerian waves cleaves her way the cow.7" + }, + { + "id": 2422, + "la": "non sine Hamadryadis fato cadit arborea trabs", + "en": "Except the Hamadryad perishes neer falls the trees trunk.8" + }, + { + "id": 2423, + "la": "quo generata Venus, Saturnia desecuit falx", + "en": "That from which Venus was begotten Saturn cut off with his hook.9" + }, + { + "id": 2424, + "la": "sicca inter rupes Scythicas stetit alitibus crux, unde Prometheo de corpore sanguineus ros adspargit cautes et dira aconita creat cos", + "en": "Amid Scythian crags, a mark for birds, stood that parched cross, whence from Prometheus body dripped a bloody dew, besprinkling the rocks, till deadly aconite sprang from the flint." + }, + { + "id": 2425, + "la": "Ibycus ut periit, index fuit altivolans grus", + "en": "When Ibycus was slain, the tale was told by the high-flying crane.10" + }, + { + "id": 2426, + "la": "Aeacidae ad tumulum mactata est Andromachae glos", + "en": "At the tomb of the son of Aeacus was sacrificed Andromaches coz.11" + }, + { + "id": 2427, + "la": "carcere in Argivo Philopoemena lenta adiit mors", + "en": "In Grecian prison Philopoemen met a lingering death.12" + }, + { + "id": 2428, + "la": "tertia opima dedit spoliatus Aremoricus Lars", + "en": "The third spoliaopima were yielded by a Gaulish lord.1" + }, + { + "id": 2429, + "la": "sera venenato potu abstulit Hannibalem nex", + "en": "Through poisoned draught Hannibal was carried off by a late death2" + }, + { + "id": 2430, + "la": "res Asiae quantas leto dedit inmeritas fraus!", + "en": "How great the realm of Asia, brought to undeserved doom by wrong!" + }, + { + "id": 2431, + "la": "ultrix flagravit de rupibus Euboicis fax", + "en": "From the crags of Euboea blazed forth the avenging flame3" + }, + { + "id": 2432, + "la": "stat Iovis ad cyathum, generat quem Dardanius Tros", + "en": "Beside Joves cup stands the son of Dardanian Tros,4" + }, + { + "id": 2433, + "la": "praepetibus pennis super aera vectus homo Cres", + "en": "On soaring wings above the air was borne the man of Crete.5" + }, + { + "id": 2434, + "la": "intulit incestam tibi vim, Philomela, ferus Thrax", + "en": "To thee, Philomela, incestuous violence was offered by the brutal king of Thrace.6" + }, + { + "id": 2435, + "la": "barbarus est Lydus, pellax Geta, femineus Phryx, fallaces Ligures, nullo situs in pretio Car", + "en": "Lydians are savages, Getae treacherous, effeminate the children of Phrygias land, Ligurians are cheats, worthless is counted the Carian breed." + }, + { + "id": 2436, + "la": "vellera depectit nemoralia vestifluus Ser", + "en": "Carding the woodland fleeces see the loose-robed Chink!7" + }, + { + "id": 2437, + "la": "nota in portentis Thebana tricorporibus Sphinx", + "en": "Famous among monsters of triple form is the Theban Sphinx." + }, + { + "id": 2438, + "la": "nota Caledoniis nuribus muliebre secus Strix,", + "en": "Well known to Caledonian mothers is that bird, woman in kind, the screech-owl.8" + }, + { + "id": 2439, + "la": "Annus ab exortu cum floriparum reserat ver, cuncta vigent: nemus omne viret, nitet auricomum rus et fusura umbras radicitus exigitur stirps", + "en": "When the year at its uprising unlocks flower bearing Spring, all things flourish: green is every grove, gay the gold-tressed field, and, soon to spread shade, up from its root shoots the sprout." + }, + { + "id": 2440, + "la": "non denso ad terram lapsu glomerata fluit nix", + "en": "No longer in thick shower streams to earth the billowing snow." + }, + { + "id": 2441, + "la": "florum spirat odor, Libani ceu montis honor tus", + "en": "The smell of flowers fills the air like that pride of Mount Libanus, the spice (incense)." + }, + { + "id": 2442, + "la": "iam pelago volitat mercator vestifluus Ser", + "en": "Now oer the sea flits the loose-robed merchant Chink." + }, + { + "id": 2443, + "la": "Quis subit in poenam capitali iudicio? vas", + "en": "On whom does the penalty devolve in a capital charge? On him who gives bail." + }, + { + "id": 2444, + "la": "quid si lis fuerit nummaria, quis dabitur? praes", + "en": "But if the case be one of money, what assurance will be given? A bond." + }, + { + "id": 2445, + "la": "quis mirmilloni contenditur? aequimanus Thraex", + "en": "Who is matched with the mirmillo? The ambidextrous gladiator of Thrace." + }, + { + "id": 2446, + "la": "inter virtutes quod nomen Mercurio? fur", + "en": "Amongst good folk what is Mercury called? A thief." + }, + { + "id": 2447, + "la": "turibula et paterae, quae tertia vasa deum? lanx", + "en": "Besides the censer and the bowl, what third vessel is the gods? The dish." + }, + { + "id": 2448, + "la": "cincta mari quaenam tellus creat Hippocratem? Co", + "en": "What island girdled by the sea produced Hippocrates? Cos." + }, + { + "id": 2449, + "la": "grex magis an regnum Minoida sollicitat? grex", + "en": "Did Minos wife care more for herds or realms? For herds." + }, + { + "id": 2450, + "la": "quid praeter nubem Phaeacibus inpositum? mons", + "en": "What besides a cloud was hung over the Phaeacians? A hill.1" + }, + { + "id": 2451, + "la": "dic cessante cibo somno quis opimior est? glis", + "en": "Say, what grows more fat on sleep though it ceases to eat? The shrew." + }, + { + "id": 2452, + "la": "tergora dic clipeis accommoda quae faciat? glus", + "en": "Tell me, what makes hides fit for shields? Glue." + }, + { + "id": 2453, + "la": "sponte ablativi casus quis rectus erit? spons", + "en": "Sponte is ablative; what will be its nominative? Spons." + }, + { + "id": 2454, + "la": "quadrupes oscinibus quis iungitur auspiciis? mus", + "en": "What four-footed thing shares with birds in the auspices?2 The mouse." + }, + { + "id": 2455, + "la": "quid fluitat pelago, quod non natat in fluvio? pix", + "en": "What floats on the sea which sinks in a river? Pitch." + }, + { + "id": 2456, + "la": "bissenas partes quis continet aequipares? as", + "en": "What contains twice six equal parts? The (Roman) pound." + }, + { + "id": 2457, + "la": "tertia defuerit si portio, quid reliquum? bes", + "en": "If four ounces are subtracted, what is left? Two-thirds." + }, + { + "id": 2458, + "la": "Et logodaedalia?", + "en": "And what results from preciosity?" + }, + { + "id": 2459, + "la": "stride modo, qui nimium trux frivola condemnas: nequam quoque cum pretio est mers!", + "en": "Now raise a howl thou who, too sour, condemnest trifling: there is a price even for shoddy wares!" + }, + { + "id": 2460, + "la": "Ennius ut memorat, repleat te laetificum gau", + "en": "As Ennius4 says, may you be filled with joy-causing pleas." + }, + { + "id": 2461, + "la": "livida mens hominum concretum felle coquat pus", + "en": "Let mens envious hearts distil gall-curdled pus." + }, + { + "id": 2462, + "la": "die, quid significent Catalepta Maronis?", + "en": "Pray what does Virgils Catalepta mean?" + }, + { + "id": 2463, + "la": "in his al Celtarum posuit;", + "en": "There he has put in Celtic al," + }, + { + "id": 2464, + "la": "sequitur non lucidius tau: estne peregrini vox nominis an Latii sil?", + "en": "and follows it up with a word no whit more clear, tau.5 Does this sound like a foreign or a Latin word'sil?6" + }, + { + "id": 2465, + "la": "et quod germano mixtum male letiferum min?", + "en": "Or that which is so deadly when confused with its next cousin'min?7" + }, + { + "id": 2466, + "la": "imperium, litem, venerem cur una notat res?", + "en": "State, law-proceedings, love, why are they all denoted by one word, res?1" + }, + { + "id": 2467, + "la": "lintribus in geminis constratus ponto sit an pons?", + "en": "That which is laid on boats ranged side by side, is it a brig2 or bridge?" + }, + { + "id": 2468, + "la": "Bucolico saepes dixit Maro, cur Cicero saeps?", + "en": "In one of his Bucolics3 Virgil wrote hedge, why did Cicero write hedg?" + }, + { + "id": 2469, + "la": "vox solita et cunctis notissima, si memores, lac cur condemnatur, ratio magis ut faciat lact?", + "en": "A common word and one well-known to all, if you mention it, is lac (milk); why then is it condemned that pedantry may prefer the form lact?4" + }, + { + "id": 2470, + "la": "an, Libyae ferale malum, sit Romula vox seps?", + "en": "Has it a Latin name, that deadly pest of Libya, the seps?5" + }, + { + "id": 2471, + "la": "si bonus est insons contrarius et reus, est sons?", + "en": "If a good man is sinless and, notwithstanding, guilty,6 is he a man of sin?" + }, + { + "id": 2472, + "la": "dives opum cur nomen habet Iove de stygio dis?", + "en": "Why is a rich man called after Stygian Jove, dis (wealthy)?" + }, + { + "id": 2473, + "la": "unde Rudinus ait divum domus altisonum cael?", + "en": "How comes the bard of Rudiae7 to say the deep-echoing home of gods, Heav!" + }, + { + "id": 2474, + "la": "et cuius de more, quod addidit, endo suam do?", + "en": "And what precedent has he for the phrase into his own hou?" + }, + { + "id": 2475, + "la": "aut, de fronde loquens, cur dicit populea fros?", + "en": "Or in speaking of a leaf, why does he say a poplar lef?" + }, + { + "id": 2476, + "la": "Sed quo progredior?", + "en": "But how far am I going?" + }, + { + "id": 2477, + "la": "quae finis, quis modus et calx?", + "en": "What end is there, what limit, or what goal?" + }, + { + "id": 2478, + "la": "indulge, Pacate bonus, doctus, facilis vir;", + "en": "Pardon me, Pacatus, good, learned, kindly Sir." + }, + { + "id": 2479, + "la": "totum opus hoc sparsum, crinis velut Antiphilae: pax", + "en": "Here is the whole work spread out'like Antiphilas hair: peace!" + }, + { + "id": 2480, + "la": "Ago tibi gratias, imperator Auguste; si possem, etiam referrem", + "en": "I Express my thanks to you, most gracious Emperor; could I do so, I would also make repayment." + }, + { + "id": 2481, + "la": "sed neque tua fortuna desiderat remunerandi vicem neque nostra suggerit restituendi facultatem", + "en": "But neither does your estate need any interchange of bounty, nor does mine supply the ability to return it." + }, + { + "id": 2482, + "la": "privatorum ista copia est inter se esse munificos: tua beneficia ut maiestate praecellunt, ita mutuum non reposcunt", + "en": "Men of private station alone have the opportunity for being liberal to one another: your favours at once surpass all others in their princely scale and demand no requital." + }, + { + "id": 2483, + "la": "quod solum igitur nostrae opis est, gratias ago: verum ita, ut apud deum fieri amat, sentiendo copiosius quam loquendo", + "en": "And so I express my thanks'all that is in my power to do: yet in such a way as one is wont to do in the presence of God, with greater fulness of feeling than of speech." + }, + { + "id": 2484, + "la": "atque non in sacrario [loco] imperialis oraculi, qui locus horrore tranquillo et pavore venerabili raro eundem animum praestat et vultum tui;", + "en": "And it is not in the shrine of the imperial oracle, a place where feelings of subdued fear and reverent awe rarely permit your subject to exhibit outwardly all that he feels within;" + }, + { + "id": 2485, + "la": "sed usquequaque gratias ago, tum tacens, tum loquens, tum in coetu hominum, tum ipse mecum, et cum voce patui, et cum meditatione secessi, omni loco actu habitu et tempore", + "en": "but it is at all times and in all places that I express my thanks, now silently in my own heart, now with my tongue, now in company with others, now by myself, whether I speak openly or reflect inwardly and apart, in every place, deed, habit, and season." + }, + { + "id": 2486, + "la": "nec mirum, si ego terminum non statuo tam grata profitendi, cum tu finem facere nescias honorandi", + "en": "Nor is it surprising that I set no limit to the expression of my gratitude, seeing that you do not know how to set any bound to your gracious favours." + }, + { + "id": 2487, + "la": "quis enim locus est aut dies, qui non me huius aut similis gratulationis admoneat?", + "en": "For what place, what time is there which does not remind me of this or some similar cause for thankfulness?" + }, + { + "id": 2488, + "la": "admoneat autem?", + "en": "Do I say remind ?" + }, + { + "id": 2489, + "la": "o inertiam significationis ignavae!", + "en": "What a weak and feeble connotation has that word!" + }, + { + "id": 2490, + "la": "quis, inquam, locus est, qui non beneficiis tuis agitet, inflammet?", + "en": "Is there any place, I say, which does not thrill and fire me with a sense of your bounty?" + }, + { + "id": 2491, + "la": "nullus, inquam, imperator Auguste, quin admirandam speciem tuae venerationis incutiat: non palatium, quod tu, cum terribile acceperis, amabile praestitisti;", + "en": "There is no place, I say, Most Gracious Emperor, but stamps my consciousness with the wondrous image of your most worshipful majesty; not the Court, which was so formidable when you succeeded, and which you have made so agreeable;" + }, + { + "id": 2492, + "la": "non forum et basilicae, olim negotiis plena, nunc votis pro tua salute susceptis: nam de sua cui non te imperante securitas?", + "en": "not the forum and basilicas, which once reechoed with legal business, but now with the taking of vows for your well-being'for under your rule who is there whose property is not secure?';" + }, + { + "id": 2493, + "la": "non curia honorificis modo laeta decretis, olim sollicitis maesta querimoniis;", + "en": "not the Senate-house, now happy in the business of passing resolutions in your honour as formerly gloomy and troubled with complaints;" + }, + { + "id": 2494, + "la": "non publicum, in quo occursus gaudentium plurimorum neminem patitur solum gratulari; non domus commune secretum", + "en": "not the public highways where the sight of so many joyous faces suffers no one to be alone in showing delight; not the universal privacy of the home." + }, + { + "id": 2495, + "la": "lectus ipse, ad quietem datus, beneficiorum tuorum reputatione tranquillior", + "en": "The very bed, destined for our repose, is made more restful as we reflect upon your benefits:" + }, + { + "id": 2496, + "la": "somnus, abolitor omnium, imagines tuas offert", + "en": "slumber, which blots out everything, nevertheless presents your picture to our gaze." + }, + { + "id": 2497, + "la": "ista autem sedes honoris, sella curulis, gloriosa pompis imperialis officii, in cuius me fastigio ex qua mediocritate posuisti, quotiens a me cogitatur, vincor magnitudine et redigor ad silentium, non oneratus beneficiis, sed oppressus", + "en": "As for that throne of honour, the curule chair surrounded with all the splendid circumstance which belongs to a rank which confers the imperium, to the proud elevation of which you have exalted me from so ordinary a station, as often as I think of it, its grandeur overpowers me and I am reduced to silence, being not merely loaded by your bounty, but overwhelmed." + }, + { + "id": 2498, + "la": "ades enim locis omnibus, nec iam miramur licentiam poetarum, quiomnia deo plena dixerunt", + "en": "Your presence, indeed, is felt in all places and we are no longer surprised at the supposed extravagance of the poets who have declared that all things are full of God." + }, + { + "id": 2499, + "la": "spem superas, cupienda praevenis, vota praecurris:", + "en": "You surpass our hopes, you anticipate all we can desire, you outstrip our fondest wishes;" + }, + { + "id": 2500, + "la": "quaeque animi nostri celeritas divinum instar adfectat, beneficiis praeeuntibus anteceditur", + "en": "and the swiftness of our thought, which claims to be something divine, is outdistanced by your benefits which outrun it." + }, + { + "id": 2501, + "la": "praestare tibi est, quam nobis optare, velocius", + "en": "For you to fulfil a wish is more instantaneous than for us to conceive it." + }, + { + "id": 2502, + "la": "II Ago igitur gratias, optime imperator", + "en": "II. Therefore I express my thanks, most gracious Emperor." + }, + { + "id": 2503, + "la": "ac si quis hunc sermonem meum isdem verbis tam saepe repetitum inopiae loquentis adsignat, experiatur hoc idem persequi, et nihil poterit proferre facundius", + "en": "And if anyone attributes so frequent a repetition in the same words of this phrase of mine to the speakers poverty of speech, let him try to work out this same theme, and he will not be able to produce anything more eloquent." + }, + { + "id": 2504, + "la": "aguntur enim gratiae non propter maiestatis ambitum nec sine argumentis imperatori fortissimo:", + "en": "For I am now expressing thanks, not with intent to flatter any royal vanity and not without proofs of my assertions, to a most valiant emperor'" + }, + { + "id": 2505, + "la": "testis est uno pacatus in anno et Danuvii limes et Rheni;", + "en": "as witness the pacification in a single year of the Danubian and Rhenish frontiers:" + }, + { + "id": 2506, + "la": "liberalissimo: ostentat hoc dives exercitus;", + "en": "2 to one most generous; the wealth of the Army shows as much: to one most merciful;" + }, + { + "id": 2507, + "la": "indulgentissimo: docet securitas erroris humani;", + "en": "the safety which mans waywardness enjoys declares this: to one most statesmanlike;" + }, + { + "id": 2508, + "la": "consultissimo: probat hoc tali principe oriens ordinatus;", + "en": "the organization of the east by so great a prince is proof enough: to one most dutiful;" + }, + { + "id": 2509, + "la": "piissimo: huius vero laudis locupletissimum testimonium est pater divinis honoribus consecratus, instar filii ad imperium frater adscitus, a contumelia belli patruus vindicatus, ad praefecturae collegium filius cum patre coniunctus, ad consulatum praeceptor electus", + "en": "there is the amplest evidence to confirm this tribute'the canonization of his father with divine honours, the association of his brother,3 just as though he were a son, with himself in the imperial authority, the avenging of the outrage suffered by his uncle in war,4 the pairing of a son and father together in joint control of a praefecture,5 and the election of his tutor to the consulate." + }, + { + "id": 2510, + "la": "possum ire per omnes appellationes tuas, quas olim virtus dedit, quas proxime fortuna concessit, quas adhuc indulgentia divina meditatur:", + "en": "I could enumerate all those titles which your valour has won for you in the past, those which Fortune has granted you so recently, and those which Heavens favour is still designing for you:" + }, + { + "id": 2511, + "la": "vocarem Germanicum deditione gentilium, Alamannicum traductione captorum, vincendo et ignoscendo Sarmaticum;", + "en": "I might call you Germanicus in virtue of the surrender of that race to you; Alamannicus, because of the prisoners whom you transplanted; Sarmaticus,1 because you conquered and forgave that people:" + }, + { + "id": 2512, + "la": "conecterem omnia merita virtutis et cognomina felicitatis:", + "en": "I might string together all the distinctions won by your valour, and all the titles earned by your good fortune;" + }, + { + "id": 2513, + "la": "sed alia est ista materia et suo parata secreto, cum placuerit signanter et breviter omnia, quae novimus, indicare nec persequi, ut qui terrarum orbem unius tabulae ambitu circumscribunt aliquanto detrimento magnitudinis, nullo dispendio veritatis", + "en": "but that is another theme and one which will be treated in its own separate place, when I decide that the time has come to sketch distinctly and briefly all my facts without following them out in detail'like those who confine a map of the world to the compass of a single sheet, thereby causing it to lose something in impressiveness, but without any sacrifice of truth." + }, + { + "id": 2514, + "la": "Nunc autem, quod diei huius proprium, de consulatu gratias agam", + "en": "But now for the special business of this day, which is to express thanks for my consulate." + }, + { + "id": 2515, + "la": "Sed procurrunt et aliae dignitates atque in vocem gratulationis erumpunt ac se prius debere profitentur", + "en": "And yet there are other distinctions besides, which push to the front and burst out into cries of acknowledgment, claiming that they have the right to do this first." + }, + { + "id": 2516, + "la": "tot gradus nomine comitis propter tua incrementa congesti:", + "en": "All those honours heaped upon me at once under the title of companion in acknowledgment of your upbringing;" + }, + { + "id": 2517, + "la": "ex tuo merito te ac patre principibus quaestura communis et tui tantum praefectura beneficii, quae et ipsa non vult vice simplici gratulari, liberalius divisa quam iuncta:", + "en": "the quaestorship for which I have to thank you, though it was held under the joint sovereignty of your father and yourself, and the praefecture which I owe to your kindness alone. This latter in its very self is not content with a single acknowledgment for the larger bounty which divided rather than kept it one:" + }, + { + "id": 2518, + "la": "cum teneamus duo integrum, neuter desiderat separatum", + "en": "since two of us now possess it complete, neither desires it apart." + }, + { + "id": 2519, + "la": "III Sed illa, ut paulo ante promisi, habebunt sui muneris peculiare secretum", + "en": "III. But these honours, as I promised just now, shall have their special place apart for paying their tribute." + }, + { + "id": 2520, + "la": "consulatus hic meus orat atque obsecrat, ut obnoxiam tibi uni sinas fieri eius dignitatem, quem omnibus praetulisti", + "en": "At the present moment my consulship begs and prays you to allow one whom you have set above all to submit his high degree to yourself alone." + }, + { + "id": 2521, + "la": "quot quidem et ipse sibi invenit gradus?", + "en": "And how many further degrees were added to this honour!" + }, + { + "id": 2522, + "la": "cum clarissimo viro collega meo honore coniunctus, nuncupatione praelatus, consul ego, imperator Auguste, munere tuo non passus saepta neque campum, non suffragia, non puncta, non loculos:", + "en": "Not only was I associated in this high office with a distinguished colleague,1 and designated as the senior, but by your favour, most gracious Emperor, I became consul without undergoing the ordeal of the hustings, the Campus Martius, the canvassing, the registration, the gratuities;" + }, + { + "id": 2523, + "la": "qui non prensaverim manus nec salutantium confusus occursu aut sua amicis nomina non reddiderim, aut aliena imposuerim:", + "en": "I have not had to shake hands, nor have I been so confused by crowds of people pressing to greet me as to have been unable to call my friends by their proper names, or to have given them names which were not theirs:" + }, + { + "id": 2524, + "la": "qui tribus non circumivi, centurias non adulavi, vocatis classibus non intremui, nihil cum sequestre deposui, cum distributore nil pepigi", + "en": "I have not had to visit the tribes, to flatter the centuries, I have not trembled as the classes were called upon to vote. I have made no deposit with a trustee, nor given any pledge to a financial agent." + }, + { + "id": 2525, + "la": "Romanus populus, Martius campus, equester ordo, rostra, ovilia, senatus, curia, unus mihi omnia Gratianus", + "en": "The Roman people, the Field of Mars, the Equestrian Class, the Rostra, the hustings, the Senate and the Senate House'Gratian alone was all of these for me." + }, + { + "id": 2526, + "la": "iure meo, Auguste maxime, adfirmare possum incolumi omnium gratia, qui ad hunc honorem diversa umquam virtute venerunt venturique sunt (suus enim cuique animus, suum meritum sibique mens conscia est), iure, inquam meo adfirmare possum me mihi videri a ceteris esse secretum", + "en": "I have the right to declare, most mighty Emperor, and that without offending any of those who have ever attained or shall attain hereafter to this distinction in right of various qualities (for everyone has his own spirit, his own deserts, his own conscience): I can, I repeat, rightfully declare that my consulship seems to stand apart from the consulships of other men." + }, + { + "id": 2527, + "la": "sunt quos votorum cruciat inanitas: non optavi;", + "en": "Some are cruelly grieved by the disappointment of their hopes: I longed for nothing;" + }, + { + "id": 2528, + "la": "quos exercet ambitus: non petivi;", + "en": "some busy themselves in canvassing for this honour: I never sought it;" + }, + { + "id": 2529, + "la": "qui adsiduitate exprimunt: non coegi;", + "en": "some extort it by their importunity: I brought no pressure to bear;" + }, + { + "id": 2530, + "la": "qui offeruntur occasione: non adfui;", + "en": "some owe their designation to the accident of their presence:2 I was not at the court;" + }, + { + "id": 2531, + "la": "quos iuvat opulentia: obstat temporum disciplina:", + "en": "some use their wealth to help them: the morality of our age forbids such a practice;" + }, + { + "id": 2532, + "la": "non emi, nec possum continentiam iactare: non habui", + "en": "I did not buy this honour, yet cannot boast any self-restraint: I had no money." + }, + { + "id": 2533, + "la": "unum praestare temptavi, et hoc ipsum quasi meum vindicare non possum:", + "en": "One thing only I have tried to make sure of, and even that I cannot claim as my own;" + }, + { + "id": 2534, + "la": "in tua enim positum est opinione, si merui", + "en": "for it depends upon your valuation whether I have been deserving." + }, + { + "id": 2535, + "la": "IV Fecisti autem et facies alios quoque consules, piissime Gratiane, sed non et causa pari", + "en": "IV. You have appointed, and will appoint others also as consuls, most kindly Gratian, but never on similar grounds." + }, + { + "id": 2536, + "la": "viros gloriae militaris: habent enim tecum, ut semper laboris, ita dignitatis plerumque consortium, virtutis quam honoris antiquiore collegio;", + "en": "Men of military renown: and as these are always associated with you in the toils of empire, so they, in common with you, hold the greater share in its distinctions, having been your colleagues in soldierly virtue before they became so in civil dignities;" + }, + { + "id": 2537, + "la": "viros nobilitatis antiquae: dantur enim multa nominibus et est fama pro merito;", + "en": "men of ancient and famous lineage: for an illustrious name secures much, and distinction may serve as a substitute for achievements;" + }, + { + "id": 2538, + "la": "viros fide inclitos et officiis probatos: quorum me etiamsi non secerno numero, tamen, quod ad honoris viam pertinet, ratione dispertio", + "en": "men distinguished for their trustworthiness and tested by official duties: and though I do not place myself outside this category, yet, so far as the path to honours is concerned, I differ in my qualifications." + }, + { + "id": 2539, + "la": "Quartum hunc gradum novi beneficii tu, Auguste, constituis: differre tibi ipsi, quo alter ornetur, bona animi tui ad alienam referre praestantiam eruditionemque naturae, quam deo et patri et tibi debes, ad alterius efficaciam gratius retorquere quam verius", + "en": "And to this new favour of yours, your Majesty, you add a fourth degree,1 in that you disparage yourself to do another honour, give the credit of the excellences of your mind to the efficacy of exterior influence, and with greater generosity than truth, misrepresent those natural accomplishments which you owe to God, to your father, and to yourself as the product of a strangers efforts." + }, + { + "id": 2540, + "la": "tua haec verba sunt a te mihi scripta: solvere te, quod debeas et adhuc debere, quod solveris o mentis aureae dictum bratteatum!", + "en": "Your own words written to me in your own hand declare: that you are discharging a debt which you owe, and still owe what you have discharged. Oh, how that sentence is overlaid with the gold of your nature!" + }, + { + "id": 2541, + "la": "o de pectore candidissimo lactei sermonis alimoniam!", + "en": "How sustaining is the milk of these words, springing from the sincerest of breasts!" + }, + { + "id": 2542, + "la": "quisquamne tam parcus est in ostentatione beneficii?", + "en": "Is there anyone who shrinks so modestly from arrogant display of his generosity?" + }, + { + "id": 2543, + "la": "quisquam pondus gratiae suae vim meriti profitetur alieni?", + "en": "Anyone who thus alleges that his favours have no other weight but the receivers work?" + }, + { + "id": 2544, + "la": "quisquam denique quod indulget, quasi ab obnoxio deferatur, pretium mavult vocare quam donum?", + "en": "Anyone who, in a word, prefers to call his gifts payment as though rendered by a debtor?" + }, + { + "id": 2545, + "la": "certent huic sententiae veteres illi et Homerici oratores, subtilis deducta oratione Menelaus et instar profundae grandinis ductor Ithacensius et melleo delibutus eloquio iam tertiae Nestor aetatis:", + "en": "Let those famous spokesmen of old, those orators of Homer'Menelaus, with his subdued but subtle mode of speech, the chieftain of Ithaca, so like a heavy storm of hail, Nestor, the survivor of three generations, whose lips were steeped in honey'let those seek to rival such a sentence!" + }, + { + "id": 2546, + "la": "sed neque ille concinnius eloquetur, qui se Laconica brevitate collegit, nec ille contortius, qui cum sensibus verba glomeravit, nec iste dulcius, cuius lenis oratio mulcendo potius quam extorquendo persuasit", + "en": "Yet for all his compression and Spartan conciseness, the first will utter nothing neater; the second, though he heap up words and ideas, nothing more forcible; the last, nothing sweeter, although his gentle speech persuaded rather by charming than overbearing." + }, + { + "id": 2547, + "la": "solvere te dicis, quod debeas et debiturum esse, cum solveris", + "en": "You say that you are paying a debt you owe and will still be in debt when you have paid." + }, + { + "id": 2548, + "la": "Auguste iuvenis, caeli tibi et humani generis rector hoc tribuat, ut praelatus antiquis, quos etiam elegantia sententiae istius antecessisti, vincas propria singulorum:", + "en": "My young sovereign, may He who is the Ruler of heaven and of mankind grant that you may excel those ancients, even above whom the choiceness of that one sentence has placed you, and outstrip each one of them in his peculiar quality'" + }, + { + "id": 2549, + "la": "in Menelao regiam dignationem, in Ulixe prudentiam, in Nestore senectutem", + "en": "Menelaus in kingly majesty, Ulysses in discretion, and Nestor in length of days." + }, + { + "id": 2550, + "la": "V Subiciet aliquis: ista quidem adeptus es, sed effare, quo merito?", + "en": "V. Someone will interpose: It is true you have received all these benefits, but, tell me, how have you deserved them?" + }, + { + "id": 2551, + "la": "quid me oneras, sciscitator? rationem felicitatis nemo reddit", + "en": "Why do you cast this burden upon me, Master Inquisitor? No man gives a reason for his prosperity." + }, + { + "id": 2552, + "la": "deus et qui deo proximus tacito munera dispertit arbitrio et beneficiorum suorum indignatus per homines stare iudicium, mavult de subditis dedisse miraculum", + "en": "God, and he who stands next to God, distributes blessings at will, and disdaining to await mans verdict on his favours, chooses rather in the persons of the uplifted to perform a miracle." + }, + { + "id": 2553, + "la": "quo, inquis, merito?", + "en": "How have I deserved them, you ask?" + }, + { + "id": 2554, + "la": "ego nullum scio, nisi quod tu, piissime imperator, debere te dicis:", + "en": "I know of no grounds, except that you, most kindly Emperor, say that you owe a debt:" + }, + { + "id": 2555, + "la": "et hoc debere latissime pertinet, sive hoc eruditionis tuae faenus existimas, sive sine faenore gloriam liberalitatis adfectas, sive te pondere conceptae sponsionis exoneras, seu fidei commissum patris exsolvis, seu magnanimitate caelesti, ostentatione suppressa, dei munus imitaris", + "en": "and this word owe admits of very wide interpretation. Either you consider this debt to be the interest on the principal of your education; or, apart from this interest, you seek after the renown which bounty earns; or you are discharging yourself of the burden of a pledge which you have incurred; or else with a heavenly loftiness of soul and without a trace of vanity you are imitating Gods function." + }, + { + "id": 2556, + "la": "debere te dicis", + "en": "You say you owe a debt." + }, + { + "id": 2557, + "la": "cui? quando? quo nomine? lege syngrapham, nomina creditorem;", + "en": "To whom then? Or when did you contract it? On what account? Read the bill over: name the creditor:" + }, + { + "id": 2558, + "la": "accepti et expensi tabulae conferantur: videbis alio summae istius transire rationem", + "en": "let the accounts for receipts and expenditure be laid before the court. When this is done you will see that the debit balance is not against you but against another." + }, + { + "id": 2559, + "la": "tibi coepit deus debere pro nobis", + "en": "It is God who now begins to owe you a debt on my behalf." + }, + { + "id": 2560, + "la": "quid autem mihi debes, gratissime imperator?", + "en": "But what do you owe me, most gracious Emperor'" + }, + { + "id": 2561, + "la": "patitur enim humanitas tua, ut praeter regias virtutes privata appellatione lauderis", + "en": "for your kindly nature permits me to set aside your kingly qualities and use this familiar form of complimentary address?" + }, + { + "id": 2562, + "la": "quid tu mihi debes? et contra quid non ego tibi debeo? anne quod docui?", + "en": "What do you owe me? And on the other side, what do I not owe you? Is it because I was your tutor?" + }, + { + "id": 2563, + "la": "hoc ego possum verius retorquere, dignum me habitum, qui docerem;", + "en": "I can turn this about and say more exactly that I was deemed worthy to teach you;" + }, + { + "id": 2564, + "la": "tot facundia doctrinaque praestantes inclinata in me dignatione praeteritos, ut esset quem tu matura iam aetate succinctum per omnes honorum gradus festinata bonitate proveheres;", + "en": "that so many men superior to me in eloquence and learning were passed over; that the honourable choice fell upon me, in order that you might have a man equipped with ripe years whom your impetuous generosity might advance through all the stages of a distinguished career;" + }, + { + "id": 2565, + "la": "timere ut videreris, ne in me vita deficeret, dum tibi adhuc aliquid, quod deberes praestare, superesset", + "en": "and that you seemed to fear that my life might fail while there still remained unbestowed something which you ought to beslow." + }, + { + "id": 2566, + "la": "VI Negat Cicero consularis ultra se habere, quod cupiat", + "en": "VI. Cicero, after his consulate, declared that he had nothing more to long for." + }, + { + "id": 2567, + "la": "ego autem iam consul et senex adhuc aviditatem meam fatebor", + "en": "I for my part, though I am a consul and an old man to boot, will confess to a ravenous appetite." + }, + { + "id": 2568, + "la": "te videre saepius in hoc magistratu, Gratiane, desidero, ut et sex Val Corvini et septem C Marii et cognominis tui Augusti tredecim consulatus unus aequiperes", + "en": "I long to see you, Gratian, holding this office so many more times that your total may equal the sum of the six consulships of Valerius Corvinus,2 the seven of Caius Marius, and the thirteen of Augustus, whose name you bear." + }, + { + "id": 2569, + "la": "plures tibi potest aetas et fortuna tua praestare;", + "en": "Your youth and your exalted station can secure for you a still greater number;" + }, + { + "id": 2570, + "la": "verum ego in numero parcior, quia tu in munere liberalior: ipsum enim te saepius hoc honore defraudas, ut et aliis largiaris", + "en": "but I am sparing in my estimate, because you are so generous in bestowing this honour. For too often you cheat yourself of it to lavish it upon others." + }, + { + "id": 2571, + "la": "scis enim, imperator doctissime (rursum enim utar laude privata), scis, inquam, septem ac decem Domitiani consulatus, quos ille invidia alios provehendi continuando conseruit, ita in eius aviditate derisos, ut haec eum pagina fastorum suorum, immo fastidiorum, fecerit insolentem nec potuerit praestare felicem", + "en": "You know, most learned Emperor (for once again I will use a personal mode of complimentary address), you know, I say, that the seventeen consulates of Domitian3 which, in his jealousy of the advancement of others, he held in an unbroken series, brought down such ridicule upon his selfishness that this page of his annals, nay, rather, of his arrogance, made him overbearingly proud but could not make him happy." + }, + { + "id": 2572, + "la": "quod si principi honoris istius temperata et quae vocatur aurea debet esse mediocritas, quid privati status hominibus, quid aequanimis, quid iam senibus erga se oportet esse moderaminis?", + "en": "But if the Sovereign ought to observe a well-calculated and, as the saying goes, a golden mean in holding this dignity, what moderation ought men of private station, of calm judgment, and lastly, of advanced age to observe?" + }, + { + "id": 2573, + "la": "ego quidem, quod ad honores meos pertinet, et vota saturavi: tu tamen, imperator optime, tu piissime, tu quem non fatigat liberalitas, nisi quando cessavit:", + "en": "For myself, I have sated even my desires, so far as my own distinctions are concerned; but you, my most excellent, my most gracious Sovereign, you who never weary in your generosity except when you have no scope for it," + }, + { + "id": 2574, + "la": "tu, inquam, indulgentissime Gratiane, ut ad benefaciendum subito es necopinus ingenio, adhuc aliquid, quod hoc nomine mihi praestetur, invenies", + "en": "you, I repeat, most bountiful Gratian, have such a quick and surprising inventiveness in conferring favours, that even now some addition to be conferred upon me under this head will be found." + }, + { + "id": 2575, + "la": "invenies? sic, intellexere omnes, sic nobis ordinem ipse fecisti, sic amicus deo es, ut a te iam impetratum sit, quod optatur, a quo et quod nondum optamus, adipiscimur", + "en": "Will be found? Such a conviction have all men felt, in such wise have you yourself created this rank for me, such is your intimacy with the deity, that what we hope for is straightway granted by you, and what we have not yet hoped for is bestowed upon us." + }, + { + "id": 2576, + "la": "VII Et rursum aliquis adiciet aut sermone libere aut cogitatione liberius:", + "en": "VII. But again someone will comment freely in speech, yet more freely in thought:" + }, + { + "id": 2577, + "la": "nonne olim et apud veteres multi eiusdem modi doctores fuerunt?", + "en": "Were there not in the past and even in ancient times many such tutors?" + }, + { + "id": 2578, + "la": "an tu solus praeceptor Augusti?", + "en": "Or are you the only man who has had an Emperor for his pupil?" + }, + { + "id": 2579, + "la": "immo ego cum multis coniunctus officio, sed cum paucissimis secretus exemplo", + "en": "No, indeed! But while I am only one of many so far as my employment goes, I stand apart with very few in virtue of this distinction." + }, + { + "id": 2580, + "la": "nolo Constantini temporum taxare collegas: Caesares docebantur", + "en": "I do not wish to cast reflections upon my fellows in this calling in the age of Constantine: there were princes and they were instructed." + }, + { + "id": 2581, + "la": "superiora contingam", + "en": "I will go back to earlier times." + }, + { + "id": 2582, + "la": "dives Seneca, nec tamen consul, arguetur rectius quam praedicabitur non erudiisse indolem Neronis, sed armasse saevitiam", + "en": "Fact proves more surely than words that Seneca, who for all his wealth was not a consul, did not discipline the nature of Nero, but merely gave arms to his cruelty." + }, + { + "id": 2583, + "la": "Quintilianus consularia per Clementem ornamenta sortitus honestamenta nominis potius videtur quam insignia potestatis habuisse", + "en": "And though Quintilian obtained the consular distinction by grace of Clemens,1 he seems to have held an honorary title rather than the actual emblems of power." + }, + { + "id": 2584, + "la": "quo modo Titianus magister, sed gloriosus ille, municipalem scholam apud Visontionem Lugdunumque variando non aetate equidem, sed vilitate consenuit", + "en": "So too with the tutor Titianus;2 but for all his boastful assumption, while alternating between the provincial school of Visontio (Besanon) and Lugdunum (Lyons), not through years but through light esteem he fell into a decline." + }, + { + "id": 2585, + "la": "unica mihi et amplectenda est Frontonis imitatio: quem tamen Augusti magistrum sic consulatus ornavit, ut praefectura non cingeret", + "en": "The one and only precedent and one which I must frankly accept is the case of Fronto;3 and yet this tutor to an Emperor, though he had the distinction of a consulate, was never invested with the authority of a prefect." + }, + { + "id": 2586, + "la": "sed consulatus ille cuius modi?", + "en": "But what sort of a consulship was it which he held?" + }, + { + "id": 2587, + "la": "ordinario suffectus, bimenstri spatio interpositus, in sexta anni parte consumptus, quaerendum ut reliquerit tantus orator, quibus consulibus gesserit consulatum", + "en": "Acting as the substitute to an ordinary4 consul, made to fill up a gap of two months, and dismissed in the sixth part of a year, this great orator has left us to find out for ourselves in which year he held the consulate." + }, + { + "id": 2588, + "la": "Ecce aliud, quod aliquis opponat: in tanti te ergo oratoris fastigium gloriosus attollis?", + "en": "But here is another objection which may be raised: Are you then so conceited as to exalt yourself to the height attained by that great orator?" + }, + { + "id": 2589, + "la": "cui talia requirenti respondebo breviter: non ego me contendo Frontoni, sed Antonino praefero Gratianum", + "en": "To such a question I will answer briefly: No, I do not set myself up as Frontos rival, but I rank Gratian before Antoninus." + }, + { + "id": 2590, + "la": "celebrant equidem sollemnes istos dies omnes ubique urbes, quae sub legibus agunt, et Roma de more et Constantinopolis de imitatione et Antiochia pro luxu et Carthago discincta et donum fluminis Alexandria: sed Treveri principis beneficio et mox cum ipso auctore beneficii", + "en": "It is true1 that all the world over, every city which lives under our governance observes these annual days of festival, Rome as a matter of custom, Constantinople out of imitation, Antioch out of love for indulgence, as also do degenerate Carthage and Alexandria, the gift of its river2; but Trves is enabled to do this by the kindness of our prince, and will soon do so in company with the author of that kindness." + }, + { + "id": 2591, + "la": "loca inter se distant, vota consentiunt", + "en": "All these places are far apart, but the prayers they offer up are all to one effect:" + }, + { + "id": 2592, + "la": "unus in ore omnium Gratianus, potestate imperator, virtute victor, Augustus sanctitate, pontifex religione, indulgentia pater, aetate filius, pietate utrumque", + "en": "one name is on the lips of all'the name of Gratian, Gratian who in virtue of his authority is styled Imperator; of his courage, the Victorious;3 of his sacred person, Augustus; of his devotion, Pontifex; of his tenderness, Father; of his age, a Son; and of natural affection, both one and the other." + }, + { + "id": 2593, + "la": "VIII Non possum fidei causa ostendere imagines maiorum meorum,", + "en": "VIII. I am not able to display portraits of my ancestors in proof of good faith," + }, + { + "id": 2594, + "la": "ut ait apud Sallustium Marius, nec deductum ab heroibus genus vel deorum stemma replicare, nec ignotas opes et patrimonia sparsa sub regnis:", + "en": "as Marius says in Sallust:4 I cannot unroll a pedigree to show my descent from heroes, or that I am of the lineage of the gods: I cannot boast of uncounted wealth and ancestral estates dotted all over the kingdoms of the world:" + }, + { + "id": 2595, + "la": "sed ea, quae nota sunt, dicere potius, quam praedicare:", + "en": "but I can mention without vaunting advantages which are less fabulous." + }, + { + "id": 2596, + "la": "patriam non obscuram, familiam non paenitendam, domum innocentem, innocentiam non coactam, angustas opes, verumtamen libris et litteris dilatatas, frugalitatem sine sordibus, ingenium liberate, animum non inliberalem, victum, vestitum, supellectilem munda, non splendida:", + "en": "I can mention my birthplace, a city not unrenowned; my family, of which I have no need to be ashamed; my unblemished home; my life passed of my own free will without a spot; my scanty means (though enriched with books and learning); my simple yet not stingy tastes; my liberal intellect; my not illiberal spirit; the unostentatious refinement of my diet, my dress and the appointments of my house;" + }, + { + "id": 2597, + "la": "veteribus ut illis consulibus (excepta, quae tum erant, bellicarum conlatione virtutum) si quis me conferre dignetur, seponat opulentiam non derogaturus industriam", + "en": "so that, if anyone should think me worthy of comparison with those famous consuls of past days (excluding from the comparison those war-like qualities which then flourished), let him deny me their wealth without belittling my diligence." + }, + { + "id": 2598, + "la": "Verum quoniam gratiis agendis iamdudum succumbo materiae: tu orationi meae, Gratiane, succede", + "en": "But in this expression of gratitude, my subject has long overpowered me: you, Gratian, must come to the help of my words." + }, + { + "id": 2599, + "la": "tu, Gratiane, qui hoc nomen sic per fortunam adeptus es, ut nemo verius ambitione quaesierit:", + "en": "You, Gratian, who have received this name by chance, yet by so happy a chance that no one out of flattery has ever tried to find one more appropriate'" + }, + { + "id": 2600, + "la": "neque enim iustius Metellus cognomento Pius patre revocato, qui esset impius exulante;", + "en": "for Metellus was less rightly surnamed the Dutiful when he recalled his father (since he would have been undutiful had he kept him in exile)," + }, + { + "id": 2601, + "la": "aut verius Sulla Felix, qui felicior ante, quam vocaretur;", + "en": "and Sulla was less exactly called the Lucky (since he was luckier before he was so named)," + }, + { + "id": 2602, + "la": "quam tu, Gratianus: cui et hoc nomen est, et illa Metelli Sullaeque cognomina", + "en": "than you are named Gratian; you, who besides this name also bear those titles of Metellus and Sulla," + }, + { + "id": 2603, + "la": "tu, inquam, Gratiane, qui hoc non singulis factis, sed perpetua grate agendi benignitate meruisti;", + "en": "you, Gratian, I repeat, who have earned your name not by isolated deeds but by the continual kindliness of your gracious life," + }, + { + "id": 2604, + "la": "cui, nisi ab avo deductum esset, ab omnibus adderetur: tu ipse tibi, inquam, pro me gratiam refer, tu tuaeque virtutes:", + "en": "you who would have received this as a surname by general consent had you not inherited it from your grandfather, you, I repeat, must yourself render thanks to yourself on my behalf. It is a task for you and for your high powers:" + }, + { + "id": 2605, + "la": "bonitas, qua in omnes prolixus es, perpetuus in me;", + "en": "for that kindness, so frequently shown to all, and so continually to me;" + }, + { + "id": 2606, + "la": "pietas, qua orbem tuum temperas, quam in ulciscendo patruo probas, tuendo in fratre cumulas, ornando in praeceptore multiplicas", + "en": "for that natural affection with which you guide your subject world, and which you proved by avenging your uncles death, doubled by maintaining your brother, and redoubled by raising your tutor to distinction." + }, + { + "id": 2607, + "la": "agat gratias clementia, quam humano generi impertis;", + "en": "Let that indulgence which you vouchsafe to mankind render you thanks;" + }, + { + "id": 2608, + "la": "liberalitas, qua ditas omnes;", + "en": "that generosity with which you enrich all;" + }, + { + "id": 2609, + "la": "fortitudo, qua vincis, et mens ista aurea, quam de communi deo plus quam unus hausisti", + "en": "that courage which enables you to conquer; and that golden spirit which you have drawn more freely than any single man from the God of us all." + }, + { + "id": 2610, + "la": "agant et pro me gratias voces omnium Galliarum, quarum praefecto hanc honorificentiam detulisti", + "en": "So also let the voice of every province in the three Gauls render thanks on my behalf, since it is upon their prefect that you have bestowed this distinction." + }, + { + "id": 2611, + "la": "ultra progredior, et hoc quia debere te dicis:", + "en": "I go even farther'and this I add because you say you are in my debt:" + }, + { + "id": 2612, + "la": "agat, quae optime agere potest, vox ista, quam docui", + "en": "let that render you thanks which can best render it, I mean that voice which I have trained." + }, + { + "id": 2613, + "la": "IX Iamdudum autem quam grati animi, tam sermonis exigui, ut supra dictum est, succumbo materiae, neque adhuc illa perstrinxi, quae ne infantissimus quidem, nisi idem impiissimus, eminentia per famam et omnium gaudiis testata supprimeret;", + "en": "IX. But grateful as my heart is, my words are all too feeble, and, as I have already said, I have long sunk under the theme. Moreover, I have not yet touched upon those matters which not even the sorriest speaker, unless he were likewise the most sacrilegious, would pass over, exalted as they are by fame and attested by universal delight'" + }, + { + "id": 2614, + "la": "quae supra vires dicendi meas posita cunctor attingere, aut ingrati crimine arguendus aut temerarii professione culpandus:", + "en": "matters so far beyond my powers of speech that I hesitate to touch upon them, and I must either be proved guilty on a charge of ingratitude, or be blamed for my rash pretensions." + }, + { + "id": 2615, + "la": "tamen, alterum cum subeundum sit, audaciam quam malevolentiam malo reprehendi", + "en": "And yet since I must suffer one of these two things, I prefer to be censured for over boldness than for ill-will." + }, + { + "id": 2616, + "la": "tu, Auguste venerabilis, districtus maximo bello, adsultantibus tot milibus barbarorum, quot Danuvii ora praetexitur, comitia consulatus mei armatus exerces", + "en": "You, most worshipful Emperor, amid all the distractions of a most serious war, amid the onslaughts of all those thousands of savages who dwell along the shores of the Danube, held the elections for my consulate in full panoply." + }, + { + "id": 2617, + "la": "tributa ista quod in urbe Sirmio geruntur, an, ut quod in procinctu, centuriata dicentur?", + "en": "Shall I speak of them as elections by the people in tribes because they were held in the city of Sirmium?" + }, + { + "id": 2618, + "la": "an ut quondam pontificalia vocabuntur, sine arbitrio multitudinis sacerdotum tractata collegio?", + "en": "Or in centuries, because they were held in the war-zone? Or shall we call them pontifical elections, as in old days,1 since they were held, as elections to the priestly college were held, without reference to the peoples will?" + }, + { + "id": 2619, + "la": "sic potius, sic vocentur quae tu pontifex maximus deo participatus habuisti", + "en": "That is best, that is their right description, seeing that you, who presided over them, are the Pontifex Maximus and a participator in the designs of God." + }, + { + "id": 2620, + "la": "Non est ingenii mei, piissime imperator, talia comminisci", + "en": "It is not a part of my character, most devout Emperor, to invent such words as these." + }, + { + "id": 2621, + "la": "verba sunt litterarum tuarum: quibus apud me auctoritatem summi numinis et tuae voluntatis amplificas", + "en": "They are the words of your letter, in which you enlarge upon the authority of the Supreme Disposer and of your own will." + }, + { + "id": 2622, + "la": "sic enim loqueris: cum de consulibus in annum creandis solus mecum volutarem, ut me nosti atque ut facere debui et velle te scivi, consilium meum ad deum retuli", + "en": "This is what you say: When I was privately considering the appointment of consuls for the year, I referred my purpose to God, as you know I do, and as I was bound to do, and as I knew you wished me to do." + }, + { + "id": 2623, + "la": "eius auctoritati obsecutus te consulem designavi et declaravi et priorem nuncupavi, cuius orationis ordo lucidior?", + "en": "In obedience to his prompting I have designated you as consul, proclaimed you as such, and given your name the precedence. What speech could be more clearly arranged?" + }, + { + "id": 2624, + "la": "quae doctrina tam diligens propriis comitiorum verbis loqui nec vocabulis moris antiqui nomina peregrina miscere?", + "en": "What learned man more careful to use only the terms customary at elections, without mixing untechnical words with the time-honoured phrases?" + }, + { + "id": 2625, + "la": "valete modo, classes populi et urbanarum tribuum praerogativae et centuriae iure vocatae", + "en": "No more of you henceforth, you classes of the people, you privileged city-tribes and centuries called up in due order!" + }, + { + "id": 2626, + "la": "quae comitia pleniora umquam fuerunt quam quibus praestitit deus consilium, imperator obsequium?", + "en": "What elections have ever been more adequately attended than these, where God furnished the design, and the Emperor gave it effect?" + }, + { + "id": 2627, + "la": "X Et nunc ego, piissime imperator, ne fastigium auditorii sacri, dictorum tuorum timidus interpres, offendam, divinitatis tuae pro!", + "en": "X. And now, most devout Emperor, that I may not insult the majesty of this sacred Audience-Chamber by shrinking from interpreting your utterances, with the forgiveness of your godhead," + }, + { + "id": 2628, + "la": "levi cum piaculo verba transcurro", + "en": "though not without some slight sacrilege, I run over your words." + }, + { + "id": 2629, + "la": "cum de consulibus, inquis, in annum creandis: erudita vox et cura sollemnis!", + "en": "When, you say, I was considering the appointment of consuls for the year. What a learned phrase! What a solemn task!" + }, + { + "id": 2630, + "la": "mecum volutarem: o profundi altitudo secreti!", + "en": "I was pondering inwardly. What depths to the secrets of your heart!" + }, + { + "id": 2631, + "la": "habes ergo consiliatorem et non metuis proditorem", + "en": "You have, then, a counsellor without fearing betrayal." + }, + { + "id": 2632, + "la": "ut me nosti: quid familiarius, ut facere debui: quid constantius, ut velle te scivi: quid dici blandius potest? consilium meum ad deum retuli", + "en": "As you know I do: what could be more intimate? As I was bound to do: what more uncompromising? As I knew you wished: what more courteous phrase could be used? I referred my purpose to God:" + }, + { + "id": 2633, + "la": "et quemadmodum solus, cui praesto est tam grande consilium?", + "en": "how, then, can you say privately when such vast wisdom is ready to aid you?" + }, + { + "id": 2634, + "la": "an plenius cum senatu, cum equestri ordine, cum plebe Romana, cum exercitu tuo et provinciis omnibus deliberasses?", + "en": "Could you have weighed the matter more thoroughly if the Senate, the Equestrian Order, and the People together with your army and all the provinces had been aiding you?" + }, + { + "id": 2635, + "la": "consilium meum ad deum retuli", + "en": "I referred my purpose to God." + }, + { + "id": 2636, + "la": "non ut, credo, novum sumeres, sed ut sanctius fieret, quod volebas", + "en": "Not, I am sure, in order to gain some new plan, but to consecrate your own inclination." + }, + { + "id": 2637, + "la": "eius auctoritati obsecutus: scilicet ut in consecrando patre, in ulciscendo patruo, in cooptando fratre fecisti", + "en": "In obedience to his will: that is to say, as you have acted in canonizing your father, in avenging your uncle, in associating your brother with you." + }, + { + "id": 2638, + "la": "te consulem designavi et declaravi et priorem nuncupavi", + "en": "I have designated you as consul, proclaimed you as such, and given your name the preference." + }, + { + "id": 2639, + "la": "quis haec verba te docuit? ego tam propria et tam Latina nescivi", + "en": "Who taught you these words? I knew none so fitting, so thoroughly Roman." + }, + { + "id": 2640, + "la": "designavi et declaravi et nuncupavi", + "en": "I have designated, proclaimed, and named you." + }, + { + "id": 2641, + "la": "non fit hoc temere", + "en": "This is no random writing." + }, + { + "id": 2642, + "la": "habet moras suas dispertitis gradibus tam matura cunctatio", + "en": "The ripe deliberation of these words with its pauses allows them to progress by well-marked degrees." + }, + { + "id": 2643, + "la": "has ego litteras tuas si in omnibus pilis atque porticibus, unde de plano legi possint, instar edicti pendere mandavero, nonne tot statuis honorabor, quot fuerint paginae libellorum?", + "en": "If I have this letter of yours posted up like an edict on every pillar and in every portico where it could easily be read, shall I not have as many statues in my honour as there were placarded sheets?" + }, + { + "id": 2644, + "la": "XI Sed ad blandiora festino", + "en": "XI. But I hasten on to what is still more agreeable." + }, + { + "id": 2645, + "la": "ab hac enim litterarum ad me datarum parte digressus, eo quoque descendisti, ut quaereres, qualis ad me trabea mitteretur", + "en": "For in your letter which was delivered to me, you diverged from this subject, and so far condescended as to ask me what sort of robe should be sent me." + }, + { + "id": 2646, + "la": "omne largitionum tuarum ministerium sollicitudine fatigasti", + "en": "With your anxiety you have worn out the whole staff of officials in charge of your bounties." + }, + { + "id": 2647, + "la": "non ergo supra consulatum mihi est adhibita per te cura tam diligens, pro me cura tam felix?", + "en": "Have I not then received over and above the consulate an additional gift in these pains, which cost you so much trouble and caused me so much happiness?" + }, + { + "id": 2648, + "la": "in Illyrico arma quatiuntur: tu mea causa per Gallias civilium decorum indumenta dispensas, loricatus de toga mea tractas, in procinctu et cum maxime dimicaturus palmatae vestis meae ornamenta disponis: feliciter et bono omine", + "en": "Swords are being drawn in Illyricum: for my sake, you distribute robes of civil dignities in Gaul: you, wearing your equipment, deal with the question of my gown; while prepared for battle and on the verge of a supreme struggle, you make arrangements for the decoration of my palm-broidered garb. Yet the omen was happy and auspicious." + }, + { + "id": 2649, + "la": "namque iste habitus, ut in pace consulis est, sic in victoria triumphantis", + "en": "For just as in peace time this apparel marks the consul, so in victory it distinguishes the conqueror in his triumph." + }, + { + "id": 2650, + "la": "parum est, si, qualis ad me trabea mittatur, interroges: te coram promi iubes", + "en": "But it is not enough for you to ask what kind of robe shall be sent me: you must have it produced before your eyes." + }, + { + "id": 2651, + "la": "nec satis habes, ut largitionum ministri ex more fungantur: eligis ipse de multis et, cum elegeris, munera tua verborum honore prosequeris", + "en": "You are not content that the officials of your largess should perform their ordinary duties: you choose one robe out of many with your own hands, and having chosen it, follow up your gift with words of compliment." + }, + { + "id": 2652, + "la": "palmatam, inquis, tibi misi, in qua divus Constantius parens noster intextus est", + "en": "You say: I have sent you a palm-broidered robe in which is worked a figure of the sainted Constantius1 my ancestor." + }, + { + "id": 2653, + "la": "me beatum, cuius insignibus talis cura praestatur!", + "en": "Happy am I that such pains should be bestowed upon my vestments!" + }, + { + "id": 2654, + "la": "haec plane, haec est picta, ut dicitur, vestis, non magis auro suo quam tuis verbis", + "en": "It is, it most surely is, a broidered robe, as you say; but embroidered more richly with your words than with its own threads of gold." + }, + { + "id": 2655, + "la": "sed multo plura sunt in eius ornatu, quae per te instructus intellego", + "en": "But, since it is you who have invested me, I perceive that its enrichment means far more." + }, + { + "id": 2656, + "la": "geminum quippe in uno habitu radiat nomen Augusti", + "en": "For the light which flashes from this single garment bespeaks two imperial personages:" + }, + { + "id": 2657, + "la": "Constantius in argumento vestis intexitur, Gratianus in muneris honore sentitur", + "en": "Constantius is embroidered in the actual fabric of the robe; but in the complimentary nature of the gift, I feel the presence of Gratian." + }, + { + "id": 2658, + "la": "XII Accessit tam inpenso beneficio tuo pondus quorundam sciscitatione cumulatum", + "en": "XII. To your favour, already so weighty, was added the weight which a question put by certain persons piled upon it." + }, + { + "id": 2659, + "la": "interrogatus, quem priorem decerneres consulem, nec dubitandum esse dixisti tu, et qui tecum boni sunt, dubitare non poterant", + "en": "When they inquired whom you appointed senior of the two consuls, you replied that there could be no uncertainty as to that;" + }, + { + "id": 2660, + "la": "sed tamen ad hoc dictum erexerant animos, qui libenter clarissimum virum collegam meum, quem praesentem habebat occasio, praelatum credidissent", + "en": "and the honourable men who surround you could not feel uncertainty. Nevertheless, this pronouncement aroused the expectations of those who would have been glad to think that the most distinguished man, who is my colleague, and who happened to be present at the time, had been awarded the precedence." + }, + { + "id": 2661, + "la": "fatigantes tamen, quod intellexerant, requirebant", + "en": "At any rate, they made themselves wearisome by seeking for that meaning which they had read into your answer." + }, + { + "id": 2662, + "la": "hic tu, sicut mihi renuntiatum est, noto illo pudore tuo paulisper haesisti non rationis ambiguus, sed eorum dubitationem vultu et rubore condemnans, qui studium suum interpretationis errore palpabant", + "en": "Whereupon, as I am informed, your well-known modesty caused you for a while to hesitate, not through indecision as to your course, but to reprove with your flushed glance those who were flattering their own hopes by their affected inability to understand." + }, + { + "id": 2663, + "la": "deinde illico subdidisti: quid de duobus consulibus designatis quaeritis, quis ordo sit nuncupationis?", + "en": "Then you replied outright: Why do you ask in what order of precedence the two consuls designate are to stand?" + }, + { + "id": 2664, + "la": "anne alius quam quem praefectura constituit?", + "en": "Can they stand in any other order than that which the prefecture has already determined?" + }, + { + "id": 2665, + "la": "o felicem verecundiam tuam, cui ista popularis ratio tam prudenter occurrit!", + "en": "What happy modesty, so sagely to suggest that popular reason!" + }, + { + "id": 2666, + "la": "scisti aliud, Gratiane, quod diceres: sed propter quorundam verecundiam dicere noluisti", + "en": "You could have made another reply, Gratian, but refrained in order to spare the feelings of certain persons." + }, + { + "id": 2667, + "la": "scopulosus hic mihi locus est et propter eam, quam numquam adpetivi, gloriam, recusandus", + "en": "But I find myself on dangerous ground and for the sake of that distinction which I never coveted, I must avoid it." + }, + { + "id": 2668, + "la": "cum prior renuntiatus sim, satis est tuum tenere iudicium: interpretes valete meritorum", + "en": "Since I have been declared the senior, it is enough for me to keep to your decision: so farewell, you who would examine merits!" + }, + { + "id": 2669, + "la": "neque autem ego, sacratissime imperator, in tenui beneficio gradum nuncupationis amplector", + "en": "I do not, however, regard this honour of precedence as a trifling favour, my most gracious Sovereign." + }, + { + "id": 2670, + "la": "non est haec gloria ignota Ciceroni: praetorem me, inquit, populus Romanus primum fecit, consulem priorem", + "en": "It confers a glory of which Cicero was fully conscious: The Roman People, he says, made me chief praetor and senior consul.1" + }, + { + "id": 2671, + "la": "ex ipsa eius sententia intellegitur commendabilius uni videri quam pluribus esse praepositum", + "en": "His very form of expression makes us clearly understand that it is more honourable to receive precedence over one person, than over many;" + }, + { + "id": 2672, + "la": "nulla enim est equidem contumelia secundi, sed in duobus gloria magna praelati", + "en": "for while there is indeed no disgrace in taking the second place, the one of two who is preferred is signally distinguished." + }, + { + "id": 2673, + "la": "Alexandri Macedonis hoc fertur, cum legisset illos versus Homericos, quibus Hectore provocante de novem ducibus, qui omnes pugnare cupiebant, unum deligi placeret sortis eventu, trepida ubi contentione votorum Iovem optimum maximum totus precatur exercitus, ut Aiacem vel Tydei filium aut ipsum regem ditium Mycenarum sortiri patiatur Agamemnonem:", + "en": "It is said of Alexander of Macedon that, after reading that passage in Homer1 relating the decision to select by lot one of the nine chiefs who were all eager to fight in answer to Hectors challenge, and how the whole host besought Jupiter the Best and Greatest with anxiously conflicting prayers to suffer Ajax, or the son of Tydeus, or even Agamemnon, the king of rich Mycenae, to be chosen; he exclaimed:" + }, + { + "id": 2674, + "la": "occiderem, inquit, illum, qui me tertium nominasset", + "en": "I would have killed the man who named me third!" + }, + { + "id": 2675, + "la": "o magnanimitatem fortissimi viri!", + "en": "See the high spirit of the dauntless hero!" + }, + { + "id": 2676, + "la": "nominari inter novem tertius recusabat;", + "en": "He scorned to be placed third in a list of nine persons," + }, + { + "id": 2677, + "la": "ubi certe pluribus antecelleret quam subesset", + "en": "even though, of course, he would have more below him than above him." + }, + { + "id": 2678, + "la": "quanta hic verecundia gravaretur posterior de duobus?", + "en": "How deeply ashamed he would feel if he were the second of two persons only!" + }, + { + "id": 2679, + "la": "est enim in hoc numero arduae plena dignationis electio", + "en": "For where there are two candidates, the choice of one is rich in high distinction." + }, + { + "id": 2680, + "la": "cum universis mortalibus duo, qui fiant consules, praeferuntur, qui alteri praeponitur, non uni, sed omnibus antefertur", + "en": "If the two who are made consuls are exalted over all mankind, then the one who has precedence over his colleague is set not above one only, but over all." + }, + { + "id": 2681, + "la": "XIII Expectare nunc aures praesentium scio et eminere in omnium vultu intellego, quod desiderio concipiatur animorum", + "en": "XIII. I know that the ears of my audience are now eagerly waiting, I can read on every face the thought which springs from the longing of each heart." + }, + { + "id": 2682, + "la": "existimant enim, cum ea, quae ad grates agendas pertinebant, summatim et tenuiore filo, sicut dicitur, deducta libaverim, aliqua me etiam de maiestatis tuae laudibus debere perstringere", + "en": "They think that now that I have touched on every topic which has reference to my Thanksgiving'however summarily, or, as our poet says,2 spun out with meagre thread' I am bound to touch upon the praises of your Majesty." + }, + { + "id": 2683, + "la": "quamquam me istam dixerim seposuisse materiam et in tempus aliud reservare;", + "en": "Although I have said that I have put that subject on one side and am keeping it for another occasion, nevertheless they all urge with nods, nay, almost with protests, to make some reference to it now." + }, + { + "id": 2684, + "la": "nihilominus tamen, ut nunc aliqua contingam, nutu et prope murmure cohortantur", + "en": "I will do as they bid (for I welcome this compulsion), but I must lay aside the larger aspects of the subject and speak only of the slighter;" + }, + { + "id": 2685, + "la": "itaque faciam, quando cogunt volentem, sed maioribus separatis tenuiora memorabo, nulla spe ad plenum exequendi, sed universi ut intellegant eorum, quae inter [familiaria] praedicanda sunt, a me poscendam esse notitiam, ab aliis dignitatem, nec excellentia, sed cotidiana tractabo", + "en": "and this not with any hope of according them adequate treatment, but to let all men know that from me they are to expect a relation only of those personal qualities which deserve praise, and to look to others for an estimate of your higher virtues. I shall deal therefore not with your loftiest qualities, but those of your every-day life." + }, + { + "id": 2686, + "la": "XIV Nullum tu umquam diem ab adulescentia tua nisi adorato dei numine et reus voti et illico absolutus egisti, lautis manibus, mente pura, inmaculabili conscientia et, quod in paucis est, cogitatione sincera", + "en": "XIV. From your boyhood you have never let a single day pass without worshipping God, without discharging your vows the moment that they became due, with clean hands and a pure heart, a stainless conscience, and'a rare quality'with undivided thoughts." + }, + { + "id": 2687, + "la": "cuius autem umquam egressus auspicatior fuit aut incessus modestior aut habitudo cohibitior aut familiaris habitus condecentior aut militaris accinctior?", + "en": "Was there ever a prince whose going forth was attended with better auguries, whose progress was less ostentatious, whose state was less extravagant, whose attire in private life was more seemly or in the field more severe?" + }, + { + "id": 2688, + "la": "in exercendo corpore quis cursum tam perniciter incitavit?", + "en": "In athletic pursuits who ever matched your fleetness of foot," + }, + { + "id": 2689, + "la": "quis palaestram tam lubricus expedivit?", + "en": "who so supple in disengaging at wrestling," + }, + { + "id": 2690, + "la": "quis saltum in tam sublime collegit?", + "en": "who cleared so great a height in leaping?" + }, + { + "id": 2691, + "la": "nemo adductius iacula contorsit, nemo spicula crebrius iecit aut certius destinata percussit", + "en": "No one ever launched a javelin with a more forceful swing, no one hurled darts with greater speed or struck the mark more surely." + }, + { + "id": 2692, + "la": "mirabamur poetam, qui infrenos dixerat Numidas, et alterum, qui ita collegerat, ut diceret in equitando verbera et praecepta esse fugae et praecepta sistendi", + "en": "We used to wonder at the poet1 when he spoke of Numidians who use no reins, and at that other who summed up by saying that in riding it is with the lash alone that they urge their horses to full speed or make them stand.2" + }, + { + "id": 2693, + "la": "obscurum hoc nobis legentibus erat: intelleximus te videntes, cum idem arcum intenderes et habenas remitteres aut equum segnius euntem verbere concitares vel eodem verbere intemperantiam coherceres", + "en": "While we read we could not understand this, but we realized it when we saw you drop the reins and at the same time draw your bow, or urge on your horse with the whip when he slackened speed and check his exuberance likewise with the whip." + }, + { + "id": 2694, + "la": "qui te visi sunt hoc docuisse, non faciunt: immo qui visi sunt docuisse, nunc discunt", + "en": "Those who were supposed to instruct you in this do not do these things: nay, rather, those who are supposed to instruct you are now learning from you." + }, + { + "id": 2695, + "la": "in cibis autem cuius sacerdotis abstinentior caerimonia?", + "en": "Again, in the matter of food, was ever a priest more self-denying on religious grounds?" + }, + { + "id": 2696, + "la": "in vino cuius senis mensa frugalior?", + "en": "Or in the matter of wine, was there ever an old man more sparing at table?" + }, + { + "id": 2697, + "la": "operto conclavis tui non sanctior ara Vestalis, non pontificis cubile castius nec pulvinar flaminis tam pudicum", + "en": "The altar of Vesta is not more hallowed than the privacy of your bed-chamber, the couch of a priest is not more pure, the bed of a prophet not more chaste." + }, + { + "id": 2698, + "la": "in officiis amicorum non dico paria reddis: antevenis et, quotiens in obsequendo praecedimus, erubescis pudore tam obnoxio, quam in nobis esse deberet ab imperatore praeventis", + "en": "In your relations with your friends I do not say that you return like for like: you anticipate our services, or whenever we have the advantage in paying our duty to you, you flush up shyly with an embarrassment which we rather ought to feel when we have been anticipated by our Sovereign." + }, + { + "id": 2699, + "la": "in illa vero sede, ut ex more loquimur, consistorii, ut ego sentio, sacrarii tui, nullus umquam superiorum aut dicenda pensius cogitavit aut consultius cogitata disposuit aut disposita maturius expedivit", + "en": "In that place which we ordinarily speak of as your Consistory, but which I regard as your sanctuary, none of your predecessors ever thought out more deeply what he had to say, or arranged his thoughts more skilfully, or delivered them, when so arranged, in a more masterly style." + }, + { + "id": 2700, + "la": "XV Et aliqua de oratoriis virtutibus tuis dicerem, nisi vererer mihi gratificari", + "en": "XV. I would also make some remarks on your excellence as a speaker, were I not afraid of flattering myself." + }, + { + "id": 2701, + "la": "non enim Sulpicius acrior in contionibus nec maioris Gracchi commendabilior modestia fuit nec patris tui gravior auctoritas", + "en": "Sulpicius was not more vehement in harangue, nor the elder Gracchus more deserving of praise for self-control, nor your own father more weighty, more impressive." + }, + { + "id": 2702, + "la": "qui tenor vocis, cum incitata pronuntias;", + "en": "How your voice rings out when you declaim some stirring theme!" + }, + { + "id": 2703, + "la": "quae inflexio, cum remissa; quae temperatio, cum utraque dispensas!", + "en": "How gentle in unimpassioned passages! How skilfully regulated when you deal with both!" + }, + { + "id": 2704, + "la": "quis oratorum laeta iucundius, facunda cultius, pugnantia densius, densata glomerosius aut dixit aut, quod est liberum, cogitavit?", + "en": "Which of the orators either in speech or in the free domain of thought dealt with cheerful themes more charmingly, on eloquent themes more choicely, on the strenuous more intensely, on the intense more forcibly?" + }, + { + "id": 2705, + "la": "vellem, si rerum natura pateretur, Xenophon Attice, in aevum nostrum venires, tu, qui ad Cyri virtutes exequendas votum potius, quam historiam commodasti: cum diceres, non qualis esset, sed qualis esse deberet", + "en": "Ah, Attic Xenophon, I would that it were possible in the nature of things for you to come to life again in this age'you who celebrated the virtues of Cyrus by following the line of your own desires rather than his actual history, since you described him not as he was, but as he ought to have been." + }, + { + "id": 2706, + "la": "si nunc in tempora ista procederes, in nostro Gratiano cerneres, quod in Cyro tuo non videras, sed optabas", + "en": "If you could take a stride forward into these present times, you would behold in our beloved Gratian not what you actually saw in your favourite Cyrus, but what you wished to see." + }, + { + "id": 2707, + "la": "atque ista omnia, quae punctis quibusdam acuminata signavi, si facundia pro voluntate suppeteret, quamquam non copiosius, exequerer, ubertatem stilo rerum magnitudine suggerente", + "en": "All these qualities, the salient points of which I have sketched in a few dashes, I would describe in detail were my powers of speaking proportionate to my will; for however much I may lack fluency, the greatness of the subject would inspire my pen." + }, + { + "id": 2708, + "la": "sed nec huius diei nec huius ista materiae", + "en": "But all that is appropriate neither to this occasion, nor to this subject." + }, + { + "id": 2709, + "la": "qui dicturi estis laudes principis nostri, habetis velut seminarium, unde orationum vestrarum iugera compleatis", + "en": "You, who hereafter shall pronounce the praises of our Sovereign have here, if I may call it so, a nursery-garden on which you can draw to fill out the acres of your own discourses." + }, + { + "id": 2710, + "la": "ego ista perstrinxi atque, ut sciunt omnes, possum videri familiaris notitiae secretus interpres domestica istaec non tam praedicare quam prodere", + "en": "I have merely touched upon the subject, and being'as all are aware'the exponent of secrets known to me through my close intimacy, I may be thought merely to divulge rather than to belaud these personal virtues." + }, + { + "id": 2711, + "la": "Atque ut ista dixi de cognitis mihi atque intra aulam familiaribus, possem et foris celebrata memorare, nisi omnia omnes et separatim sibi quisque novisset", + "en": "And as I have spoken of matters known to me and to all who share the inner life of the Court, I might also tell of those which are constantly spoken of beyond its precincts, were it not that they are all known to all men and individually to each." + }, + { + "id": 2712, + "la": "possem pari brevitate dicere, qua superiora: emendatissimi viri est pigenda non facere:", + "en": "I could say in as few words as I have done above: a most perfect hero does nothing of which he need be ashamed;" + }, + { + "id": 2713, + "la": "at tu numquam paenitenda fecisti et semper veniam paenitentibus obtulisti", + "en": "but you have never done anything which calls for repentance, while you have always extended pardon to those who repent." + }, + { + "id": 2714, + "la": "pulchrum est indulgere timentibus: sed tu perpetuae bonitatis edictis occurristi omnibus, ne timerent", + "en": "It is noble to be merciful to those who fear; but so continual is your kindness that your edicts remove all cause for fear." + }, + { + "id": 2715, + "la": "magnificum largiri honores: tu honoratos et liberalitate ditasti", + "en": "It is splendid to lavish distinctions: you not only bestow distinctions, but also generously enrich the recipients." + }, + { + "id": 2716, + "la": "laudabile est imperatorem faciles interpellaniihus praebere aditus nec de occupatione causari: tu confirmas adire cunctantes;", + "en": "It is praiseworthy in an Emperor to grant petitioners easy access and not to refuse them on the pretext of engagements: you encourage those who hesitate to approach you," + }, + { + "id": 2717, + "la": "et iam querimoniis explicatis, ne quid adhuc sileatur, interrogas", + "en": "and when they have declared their complaints, you ask them whether they have left anything still unmentioned." + }, + { + "id": 2718, + "la": "XVI Celebre fuit Titi Caesaris dictum, perdidisse se diem, quo nihil boni fecerat;", + "en": "XVI. The saying of Titus Caesar1 that he had lost that day in which he had not performed a good action, has become famous;" + }, + { + "id": 2719, + "la": "sed celebre fuit, quia Vespasiani successor dixerat, cuius nimia parsimonia et austeritas vix ferenda miram fecerat filii lenitatem", + "en": "but it has become famous because it was uttered by the successor of Vespasian, a man whose excessive economy and almost intolerable strictness made his sons easier rule seem remarkable." + }, + { + "id": 2720, + "la": "tu Valentiniano genitus, cuius alta bonitas, praesens comitas, temperata severitas fuit, parto et condito optimo reipublicae statu, intellegis posse te esse lenissimum sine dispendio disciplinae", + "en": "You, the son of Valentinian, whose kindness was so profound, whose affability was never lacking, whose sternness was so well controlled'you realize that, now that the State has gained and established a thoroughly sound condition, you can show all the gentleness of your nature without prejudice to good order." + }, + { + "id": 2721, + "la": "neque vero unum aliquod bonum uno die praestas: sed indulgentias singulares per singula horarum momenta multiplicas", + "en": "And, indeed, it is not just one good deed a day that you perform: every moment of every hour you increase the sum of your momentous favours." + }, + { + "id": 2722, + "la": "vel illud unum cuius modi est de condonatis residuis tributorum?", + "en": "How shall we speak of that single measure by which the arrears of tribute were remitted?" + }, + { + "id": 2723, + "la": "quod tu quam cumulata bonitate fecisti!", + "en": "What a wealth of generosity there was in this act!" + }, + { + "id": 2724, + "la": "quis umquam imperatorum hoc provinciis suis aut uberiore indulgentia dedit, aut certiore securitate prospexit, aut prudentia consultiore munivit?", + "en": "What Emperor has ever granted such a boon to his subject provinces with a more generous consideration, or calculated its results with a surer confidence, or safeguarded it with more experience and wisdom?" + }, + { + "id": 2725, + "la": "fecerat et Traianus olim, sed partibus retentis non habebat tantam oblectationem concessi debiti portio, quanta suberat amaritudo servati", + "en": "Trajan2 also did the same thing in past times; but since he retained a claim to a certain amount of the arrears, the pleasure caused by that portion of the debt which he forgave was less than the underlying discontent left unremoved by the amount which he retained." + }, + { + "id": 2726, + "la": "et Antoninus indulserat, sed imperii, non beneficii successor invidit, qui ex documentis tabulisque populi condonata repetivit", + "en": "Antoninus, too, granted the same favour; but he who inherited his throne but not his kindliness, grudged this remission of arrears and reclaimed from his people the full amount as entered in the schedules and registers." + }, + { + "id": 2727, + "la": "tu argumenta omnia flagitandi publicitus ardere iussisti", + "en": "You gave orders for all these evidences of claim to be burned publicly." + }, + { + "id": 2728, + "la": "videre in suis quaeque foris omnes civitates conflagrationem salubris incendii", + "en": "Every township beheld in its own market-place the blaze of the relieving fire." + }, + { + "id": 2729, + "la": "ardebant stirpes fraudium veterum: ardebant semina futurarum", + "en": "Burning were the roots of by-gone wrongs: burning were the seeds of those to come." + }, + { + "id": 2730, + "la": "iam se cum pulvere favilla miscuerat, iam nubibus fumus se involverat:", + "en": "Already the ashes had mingled with the dust, already the smoke had been absorbed in the clouds;" + }, + { + "id": 2731, + "la": "et adhuc obnoxii in paginis concrematis ductus apicum et sestertiorum notas cum substantiolae ratione cernebant, quod meminerant lectum, legi posse metuentes", + "en": "but still the debtors beheld in the charred pages the lines of lettering and the figures in the cash-column together with the valuation of their little properties: still they feared that what they remembered to have heard read could even now be read." + }, + { + "id": 2732, + "la": "quid te, imperator Auguste, indulgentius, quid potest esse consultius?", + "en": "What then can there be which is more merciful, more sagacious than you, most gracious Emperor?" + }, + { + "id": 2733, + "la": "quae bona praestas, efficis, ne caduca sint: quae mala adimis, prospicis ne possint esse recidiva", + "en": "You give good gifts and make sure that they shall not be transitory: you remove ills, and take precautions against their revival." + }, + { + "id": 2734, + "la": "haec provincialibus indulgentiae bona", + "en": "Such are the favours you have lavished upon the provinces;" + }, + { + "id": 2735, + "la": "quid illa nostro ordini?", + "en": "but what of those conferred upon our own order?" + }, + { + "id": 2736, + "la": "quid illa militibus?", + "en": "Or upon the Army?" + }, + { + "id": 2737, + "la": "Antoninorum cognita fuit et iam ante Germanicorum in cohorte amicorum et legionibus familiaris humanitas", + "en": "The personal interest taken by the Antonines, and even earlier by the Germanici, in their suite of friends and in their legions, was a recognized fact." + }, + { + "id": 2738, + "la": "sed ego nolo benevolentiam tuam aliorum collatione praecellere", + "en": "But I do not care to extol your benevolences by comparing others." + }, + { + "id": 2739, + "la": "abundant in te ea bonitatis et virtutis exempla, quae sequi cupiat ventura posteritas et, si rerum natura pateretur, adscribi sibi voluisset antiquitas", + "en": "You furnish a host of such instances of goodness and virtue as generations to come will long to imitate, and as ages past would have wished, did the nature of things allow, to have attributed to themselves." + }, + { + "id": 2740, + "la": "XVII Necesse est tamen aliquid comparari, ut possit intellegi, bona nostra quo praestent Aegrotantes amicos Traianus visere solebat: hactenus in eo comitas praedicanda est", + "en": "XVII. Nevertheless, some comparison must be made in order to make clear the superiority of our blessings. Trajan was in the habit of visiting his friends when they were sick: so far we may grant that he had a considerate nature." + }, + { + "id": 2741, + "la": "tu et visere solitus et mederi praebes ministros, instruis cibos, fomenta dispensas, sumptum adicis medellarum, consolaris adfectos, revalescentibus gratularis", + "en": "Your practice is both to visit and to heal them: you provide them with attendants, you order their diet, you prescribe medicines, you furnish the cost of remedies, you comfort them in their pain, and you congratulate them on their recovery." + }, + { + "id": 2742, + "la": "in quot vias de una eius humanitate progrederis!", + "en": "See in how many ways you show advance beyond Trajans single form of consideration!" + }, + { + "id": 2743, + "la": "legionibus universis, ut in communi Marte evenit, si quid adversi acciderat, vidi te circumire tentoria, satin salvae? quaerere, tractare vulnera sauciorum et, ut salutiferae adponerentur medellae atque ut non cessaretur, instare", + "en": "With the legions one and all, whenever any regrettable incident had occurred, as is the fortune of war, I have seen you go round the mens lines, asking How goes it?, attending to the wounds of casualties, giving strict orders that healing remedies should be applied and that there should be no delay about it." + }, + { + "id": 2744, + "la": "vidi quosdam fastidientes cibum te commendante sumpsisse", + "en": "I have seen men who turned from their food with loathing take it on your recommendation:" + }, + { + "id": 2745, + "la": "audivi confirmantia ad salutem verba praefari, occurrere desideriis singulorum:", + "en": "I have heard you speak words which gave them heart to recover. You anticipated what each man sorely needed," + }, + { + "id": 2746, + "la": "huius sarcinas mulis aulicis vehere, his specialia iumenta praebere, illis ministeria perditorum instaurare lixarum, aliorum egestatem tolerare sumptu, horum nuditatem velare vestitu, omnia agere indefesse et benigne, pietate maxima, ostentatione nulla, omnia praebere aegris, nihil exprobrare sanatis", + "en": "causing this mans pack to be carried by the mules of the royal train, providing special beasts for some to ride, furnishing others with servants in place of those whom they had lost: sometimes you would relieve the poorer soldiers out of your own purse, sometimes cover the nakedness of the thinly clad. You would do all unwearyingly and cheerfully, with the deepest charity and without a trace of display, bestowing everything upon the sick and claiming nothing from the cured." + }, + { + "id": 2747, + "la": "inde cunctis salute nostra carior factus meruisti, ut haberes amicos obnoxios, promptos, devotos, fideles, in aevum omne mansuros, quales caritas potius quam fortuna conciliat", + "en": "Thus it is that you have become dearer to us than our lives, and have deservedly gained friends who are obedient, ready, devoted, faithful'men who will stand by you for ever, since it is affection rather than accident which makes them yours." + }, + { + "id": 2748, + "la": "XVIII Concludam deinceps orationem meam, piissime Auguste, sermonis magis fine, quam gratiae", + "en": "XVIII. After this I must bring my speech to a close, most Sacred Majesty; though it is my words rather than my gratitude which will end." + }, + { + "id": 2749, + "la": "namque illa perpetua est et spatio non transmeabili terminum calcis ignorat", + "en": "For the latter is unending: its course can never be run, for it knows no stopping point." + }, + { + "id": 2750, + "la": "flexu tamen parvo, nec a te procul, convertar ad deum", + "en": "Yet I must make a slight digression and turn not very far from you to God." + }, + { + "id": 2751, + "la": "aeterne omnium genitor, ipse non genite, opifex et causa mundi, principio antiquior, fine diuturnior, qui templa tibi et aras penetrabilibus initiatorum mentibus condidisti, tu Gratiano humanarum rerum domino eiusmodi semina nostri amoris inolesti, ut nihil in digressu segnior factus meminisset et relicti, illustraret absentem, praesentibus anteferret;", + "en": "Eternal Begetter of all things, thyself un-begotten, Creator and Cause of the universe, more ancient than its beginning, outlasting its end, Thou who hast built thine own temples and altars in the inmost hearts of the initiated1 worshippers: Thou hast implanted in Gratian, the lord of this world below, such seeds of love towards me that separation has not weakened his remembrance of me though parted from him. He has honoured me though I was no longer in his presence, he has preferred me above those who stand before him;" + }, + { + "id": 2752, + "la": "deinde quia interesse primordiis dignitatis per locorum intervalla non poterat, ad sollemnitatem condendi honoris occurreret, beneficiis ne deesset officium", + "en": "and further: because distance would not allow him to be present at the opening ceremony of my elevation, he has hastened to attend the solemnities of my laying down office, that his bounties might be completed by his courtesy." + }, + { + "id": 2753, + "la": "quae enim maiorum umquam memoria transcursum tantae celeritatis vel in audacibus Graecorum fabulis commenta est?", + "en": "For what record is there, even in the daring fables of the Greeks, of a journey so swiftly accomplished?" + }, + { + "id": 2754, + "la": "Pegasus volucer actus a Lycia non ultra Ciliciam permeavit", + "en": "Winged Pegasus starting from Lycia travelled no further than Cilicia:" + }, + { + "id": 2755, + "la": "Cyllarus atque Arion inter Argos Nemeamque senuerunt", + "en": "Cyllarus and Arion2 grew old between Argos and Nemea." + }, + { + "id": 2756, + "la": "ipsi Castorum equi, quod longissimum iter est, non nisi mutato vectore transcurrunt", + "en": "Even the steeds of a Castor do not accomplish that endless journey of theirs without changing their riders.3" + }, + { + "id": 2757, + "la": "tu, Gratiane, tot Romani imperii limites, tot flumina et lacus, tot veterum intersaepta regnorum ab usque Thracia per totum, quam longum est, latus Illyrici, Venetiam Liguriamque et Galliam veterem, insuperabilia Rhaetiae, Rheni vadosa, Sequanorum invia, porrecta Germaniae, celeriore transcursu, quam est properatio nostri sermonis, evolvis, nulla requie otii, ne somni quidem aut cibi munere liberali, ut Gallias tuas inopinatus illustres, ut consulem tuum, quamvis desideratus, anticipes, ut illam ipsam, quae auras praecedere solet, famam facias tardiorem", + "en": "You, Gratian, speed across all those frontiers of the Roman Empire, all those rivers and lakes, all those barriers of old-established kingdoms, from distant Thrace and along the whole coast, through all its length, of Illyricum, through Venetia, Liguria, and old Gaul, over the forbidding peaks of Rhaetia, across the fords of the Rhine, through the thick country of the Sequani and across the plains of Germany; you speed across them, I repeat, swifter in your passage than my rapid speech, without stopping for rest, without indulging fully in sleep or in food; and all to shed the unexpected light of your presence upon your favourite Gaul, to surprise (how welcome the surprise!) your own consul while still in office, to make even Rumour, who is usually swifter than the winds, a slower traveller than yourself." + }, + { + "id": 2758, + "la": "hoc senectuti meae, hoc honori a te datum", + "en": "This was your tribute to my age, this to my dignity!" + }, + { + "id": 2759, + "la": "supremus ille imperii et consiliorum tuorum deus conscius et arbiter et auctor indulsit, ut sellam curulem, cuius sedem frequenter ornabis, ut praetextam meam purpurae tuae luce fucatam, ut trabeam non magis auro suo quam munere tuo splendidam, quae ab Illyrico sermonis dignitas honestavit, apud Gallias illustriora praestares, quaestorem ut tuum, praefectum ut tuo praetorio, consulem tuum et, quod adhuc cunctis meis nominibus anteponis, praeceptorem tuum, quem pia voce declaraveras, iusta ratione praetuleras, liberali largitate ditaveras, Augustae dignationis officiis consecrares", + "en": "God, that supreme confidant, controller and author both of your throne and of your counsels, has graciously permitted that the curule chair (which you will often fill with so much grace), that my magisterial robe dyed with your glowing purple, that my consular apparel which is enriched less by its own gold than by your munificence'that all these favours, which your noble letter from Illyricum made yet more honourable, should gain yet further in lustre by your presence in Gaul; that your quaestor, your praetorian prefect, your consul, and'a name which you still rate above all my titles'your tutor, he whom you designated with your sacred lips, whom you named as senior consul on substantial grounds, whom you enriched with your generous bounty, should be hallowed by the condescension of your royal attentions." + }, + { + "id": 2760, + "la": "Finit gratiarum actio", + "en": "End of the Thanksgiving." + }, + { + "id": 2761, + "la": "Ad rem pertinere existimavi, ut vel vanum opusculum materiae congruentis absolverem et libello, qui commemorationem habet eorum, qui vel peregrini [Burdigalae vel1] Burdigalenses peregre docuerunt, Epitaphia subnecterem [scilicet titulos sepulcrales2] heroum, qui bello Troico interfuerunt", + "en": "I have thought it to the purpose to finish off this little work and to append it'for however trifling it may be, it is kindred in substance'to my little book commemorating the Professors of Bordeaux, whether they were strangers teaching at Bordeaux or fellowcountrymen teaching abroad. It is the Epitaphs [that is to say, funerary inscriptions] on the Heroes who took part in the Trojan War." + }, + { + "id": 2762, + "la": "quae antiqua cum aput philologum quendam repperissem, Latino sermone converti, non ut inservirem ordinis persequendi [studio3], set ut cohercerem libere nec aberrarem", + "en": "It consists, indeed, of ancient poems which I found in the possession of some scholar and turned into Latin, on such terms as not to follow the strict letter of the original slavishly, but to paraphrase it freely, though without missing the point." + }, + { + "id": 2763, + "la": "Rex regum Atrides, fraternae coniugis ultor, oppetii manibus coniugis ipse meae", + "en": "The son of Atreus, the king of kings, the avenger of my brothers wife, met my end at my own wifes hands." + }, + { + "id": 2764, + "la": "quid prodest Helenes raptum punisse dolentem, vindicem adulterii cum Clytemestra necet?", + "en": "What, then, avails it that in my grief I punished Helens ravisher, since Clytemnaestra slays the chastiser of adultery?" + }, + { + "id": 2765, + "la": "Felix o Menelae, deum cui debita sedes decretumque piis manibus Elysium, Tyndareo dilecte gener, dilecte Tonanti, coniugii vindex, ultor adulterii, aeterno pollens aevo aeternaque iuventa, nec leti passus tempora nec senii", + "en": "O happy Menelaus, who hast the allotted dwelling-place of gods,2 and Elysium, ordained for pious souls! Beloved of Tyndareus, beloved of the Thunderer as their son-in-law,3 champion of wedlock, avenger of adultery, strong in unending life, unending youth, you have endured no day of death, no day of eld." + }, + { + "id": 2766, + "la": "Aiacis tumulo pariter tegor obruta Virtus, inlacrimans bustis funeris ipsa mei, incomptas lacerata comas, quod pravus Atrides cedere me instructis compulit insidiis", + "en": "At Ajax tomb I, Valour, lie oerwhelmed along with him. Here, over the mound which marks my obsequies, I weep with hair all torn and towsled, because the mean son of Atreus forced me to yield to his calculated wiles." + }, + { + "id": 2767, + "la": "iam dabo purpureum claro de sanguine florem, testantem gemitu crimina iudicii", + "en": "Now will I make to spring from this noble blood a ruddy flower5 that with a word of woe bears witness to that unrighteous judgment.6" + }, + { + "id": 2768, + "la": "Non una Aeaciden tellus habet: ossa teguntur litore Sigeo, crinem Larisa cremavit", + "en": "Not one the land which holds the son of Aeacus: his bones are buried on the Sigean shore, and at Larissa were his tresses burned." + }, + { + "id": 2769, + "la": "pars tumulis [secreta iacet, pars] classe [relata est; orbe set in toto [redivivum ostendet Homerus2]", + "en": "Part of him lies hidden in the tomb, part was borne home by the fleet; but in the whole world Homer shall show him living once again." + }, + { + "id": 2770, + "la": "Conditur hoc tumulo Laerta natus Ulixes: perlege Odyssean omnia nosse volens", + "en": "Beneath this mound lies buried Lartes son, Ulysses. If you would learn all his story, read through the Odyssey." + }, + { + "id": 2771, + "la": "Conditur hic genitore bono melior Diomedes, crimen ob uxoris pulsus dotalibus Argis, Argyripam clarosque viris qui condidit Arpos, clarior urbe nova patriae quam sede vetusta", + "en": "Here lies buried Diomedes, nobler son ot a noble father, banished through his wifes sin2 from Argos, the city of her dowry, who founded Argyripa and Arpi,3 famed for heroes, and gained greater fame from his new city than from the ancient seat whence he was sprung." + }, + { + "id": 2772, + "la": "Consiliis belloque bonus, quae copula rara est, carus et Atridis, carus et Aeacidis: praemia virtutis simul et pietatis adeptus, servato Antilochus Nestore patre obii", + "en": "Good both in council and in field'rare is the union'and dear to the sons of Atreus and of Aeacus alike, I am that Antilochus who died to gain the double meed of valour and of piety in saving my father, Nestor." + }, + { + "id": 2773, + "la": "non hic ordo fuit: set iustius ille superstes, Troia capi sine quo perfida non poterat", + "en": "Such was not Natures order; yet it was fitter that he survived without whom false Troy could not be taken." + }, + { + "id": 2774, + "la": "Hoc tegor in tumulo quarti iam prodigus aevi Nestor, consilio clarus et eloquio", + "en": "Here in this tomb I lie, my fourth lifetime wholly spent at last, Nestor, famed for wisdom and for eloquence." + }, + { + "id": 2775, + "la": "obiecit sese cuius pro morte peremptus filius et nati vulnere vivo pater", + "en": "To save me from death, my son exposed himself and died; and it was by my sons wounds I lived." + }, + { + "id": 2776, + "la": "eheu cur fatis disponere sic placet aevum, tam longum ut nobis, tam breve ut Antilocho?", + "en": "Alas, why was it Fates pleasure so to order our lives, giving me so long, giving Antilochus so short a span?" + }, + { + "id": 2777, + "la": "Orbe tegor medio, maior virtute paterna, quod puer et regis Pyrrhus opima tuli", + "en": "At the worlds centre1 I am buried, greater in prowess than my father, seeing that while yet a boy I, Pyrrhus, won a kings2 own spoils." + }, + { + "id": 2778, + "la": "Impius ante aras quem fraude peremit Orestes, quid mirum, caesa iam genetrice furens", + "en": "Orestes slew me before the altar, adding sacrilege to treachery'what wonder, when he was raving from his mothers murder?" + }, + { + "id": 2779, + "la": "Nec me non dignum titulo Pleurouia credit, quae communis erat cum Diomede domus, Euryalo et Sthenelo: nam tertius hoc ego regnum possedi, de quo nunc satis est tumulus", + "en": "I, too, am not unworthy of an epitaph; so Pleuronia holds, which was the common home of Euryalus and Sthenelus with Diomede. I was the third who held that realm, wherein a grave alone contents me now." + }, + { + "id": 2780, + "la": "Gunea pontus habet, tumulus sine corpore nomen", + "en": "The sea holds Gunes; this tomb, his name but not his body." + }, + { + "id": 2781, + "la": "fama homines inter, caelum animus repetit", + "en": "His fame dwells amongst men; his spirit is returned above." + }, + { + "id": 2782, + "la": "cuncta elementa duci tanto commune sepulcrum", + "en": "All elements unite to form one tomb for so great a leader." + }, + { + "id": 2783, + "la": "quae? caelum et tellus et mare et ora virum", + "en": "Which? Heaven, earth, and sea, and the breath of men." + }, + { + "id": 2784, + "la": "Fatale adscriptum nomen mihi Protesilao; nam primus Danaum bello obii Phrygio, audaci ingressus Sigeia litora saltu, captus pellacis Lartiadae insidiis", + "en": "Ominous the name assigned me'Protesilaus; for first of the Danaans I perished5 in the Trojan War when, boldly leaping, I invaded the Sigean shore'tricked by the wiles of Lartes deceitful son." + }, + { + "id": 2785, + "la": "qui, ne Troianae premeret pede litora terrae, ipse super proprium desiluit clipeum", + "en": "He leaped down upon his shield lest his should be the first foot to touch Trojan soil." + }, + { + "id": 2786, + "la": "quid queror? hoc letum iam tum mea fata canebant, tale mihi nomen cum pater inposuit", + "en": "Yet why do I complain? My Fates sang of this doom even at the time when my father laid upon me such a name." + }, + { + "id": 2787, + "la": "Proditus ad poenam sceleratae fraude Lacaenae et deformato corpore Deiphobus non habeo tumulum, nisi quem mihi voce vocantis et pius Aeneas et Maro conposuit", + "en": "Betrayed to vengeance by the accursed Spartan womans treachery I, Dephobus, mangled in body, have no other tomb but that which pious Aeneas and Maro1 have made for me by calling on my name." + }, + { + "id": 2788, + "la": "Hectoris hic tumulus, cum quo sua Troia sepulta est: conduntur pariter, qui periere simul", + "en": "This is the grave of Hector, and with him is buried the Troy he loved: along with him are laid those who perished together with him." + }, + { + "id": 2789, + "la": "FLOS Asiae tantaque unus de gente superstes, parvulus, Argivis set iam de patre timendus, hic iaceo Astyanax, Scaeis deiectus ab altis", + "en": "The flower of Asia and the one poor little hope of so great a line, but already dreaded by the Argives for my fathers sake, I, Astyanax, lie here, hurled down from the high Scaean gate." + }, + { + "id": 2790, + "la": "pro dolor! Iliaci Neptunia moenia muri viderunt aliquid crudelius Hectore tracto", + "en": "Alack! Now have the walls of llium, which Neptune built, seen a deed more cruel than the haling of Hectors corpse." + }, + { + "id": 2791, + "la": "Sarpedon Lycius, genitus Iove, numine patris sperabam caelum, set tegor hoc tumulo sanguineis fletus lacrimis: pro ferrea fata, et patitur luctum, qui prohibere potest", + "en": "I am Lycian Sarpedon, the seed of Jove: in virtue of my fathers godhead I hoped for heaven; yet I am buried in this tomb though bewailed with tears of blood.3 Ah, iron-hearted Fates! He4 also suffers grief who can prevent it." + }, + { + "id": 2792, + "la": "Nastes Amphimachusque, Nomionis inclita proles, ductores quondam, pulvis et umbra sumus", + "en": "Nastes and Amphimachus, Nomions famous seed,1 once champions, we are dust and shades." + }, + { + "id": 2793, + "la": "Hectore prostrato nec dis nec viribus aequis congressus saevo Troilus Aeacidae, raptatus bigis fratris coniungor honori, cuius ob exemplum nec mihi poena gravis", + "en": "Though Hector was laid low, and though in strength of arm and heavenly aid ill-matched, I, Trolus, met the fierce son of Aeacus face to face, and, dragged to death by my own steeds,2 am linked in glory with my brother, whose example made my sufferings light." + }, + { + "id": 2794, + "la": "Cede procul myrtumque istam fuge, nescius hospes: telorum seges est sanguine adulta meo", + "en": "Begone far hence, unconscious stranger, and avoid that myrtle-tree: tis grown from darts and nourished with my blood." + }, + { + "id": 2795, + "la": "confixus iaculis et ab ipsa caede sepultus condor in hoc tumulo bis Polydorus ego", + "en": "Pierced through with spears and almost buried in my very slaying, I, Polydorus, lie twice interred beneath this mound." + }, + { + "id": 2796, + "la": "scit pius Aeneas et tu, rex impie, quod me Thracia poena premit, Troia cura tegit", + "en": "Pious Aeneas3 knows my story, and you also, impious king; for as it was Thracian cruelty that crushed me, so it was Trojan piety that buried me." + }, + { + "id": 2797, + "la": "Euphemum Ciconum ductorem Troia tellus condidit hastati Martis ad effigiem", + "en": "Euphemus, leader of the Cicones, was laid in Trojan soil hard by the statue of spear-bearing Mars." + }, + { + "id": 2798, + "la": "nec satis est titulum saxo incidisse sepulcri;", + "en": "No epitaph graven on his tombstone suffices," + }, + { + "id": 2799, + "la": "insuper et frontem mole onerant statuae", + "en": "but statues also pile their weight upon him." + }, + { + "id": 2800, + "la": "ocius ista ruunt, quae sic cumulata locantur:", + "en": "Those monuments fall the sooner which are heaped up so high," + }, + { + "id": 2801, + "la": "maior ubi est cultus, magna ruina subest", + "en": "and where magnificence is too great, great ruin lurks beneath." + }, + { + "id": 2802, + "la": "Hippothoum Pyleumque tenet gremio infima tellus: caulibus et malvis terga superna virent", + "en": "Hippothos and Pyleus1 lie buried in this ignoble soil, and over their bodies mallows and cabbages grow green." + }, + { + "id": 2803, + "la": "nec vexat cineres horti cultura quietos, dum parcente manu molle holus excolitur", + "en": "And yet the tilling of the garden troubles not their peaceful ashes, if these soft herbs are tilled by no rude hands." + }, + { + "id": 2804, + "la": "Ennomus hic Chromiusque iacent: quis Mysia regnum, quis pater Alcinous Oceanusque atavus", + "en": "Ennomus and Chromius2 lie here: Mysia was their kingdom, Alcinoiis their father, Ocean their ancestor." + }, + { + "id": 2805, + "la": "nobilitas quid tanta iuvat?", + "en": "What profits them so illustrious a descent?" + }, + { + "id": 2806, + "la": "quo clarius istis est genus, hoc mortis condicio gravior", + "en": "The brighter their ancestry, the heavier their lot when dead." + }, + { + "id": 2807, + "la": "Hic Priami non est tumulus nec condor in ista sede: caput Danai deripuere meum", + "en": "Here is not Priams tomb, nor am I buried in this place: the Danaans despoiled me of my head." + }, + { + "id": 2808, + "la": "ast ego cum lacerum sine nomine funus haberem, confugi ad cineres Hectoreos genitor", + "en": "A mangled, nameless end was mine, and so I, his sire, fled for shelter to Hectors ashes." + }, + { + "id": 2809, + "la": "illic et natos Troiamque Asiamque sepultam inveni et nostrum quidquid ubique iacet", + "en": "There I found my sons, and Troy and Asia buried together, and whatsoever of mine lies scattered everywhere." + }, + { + "id": 2810, + "la": "Qui tumulum Priami quaerit, legat Hectoris ante", + "en": "Again He who seeks Priams tomb must find Hectors first." + }, + { + "id": 2811, + "la": "ille meus, nato quem prius ipse dedi", + "en": "That tomb is mine which I first gave my son." + }, + { + "id": 2812, + "la": "Hectoris et patriae simul est commune sepulcrum, amborum quoniam iuncta ruina fuit", + "en": "Here in one common grave lie Hector and his country, for in their fall both were united." + }, + { + "id": 2813, + "la": "Quae regina fui, quae claro nata Dymante, quae Priami coniunx, Hectora quae genui, hic Hecuba iniectis perii superobruta saxis, set rabie linguae me tamen ulta prius", + "en": "I Who was a queen, I, famous Dymas child, I, Priams wife, I who bare Hector, I, Hecuba, perished here, oerwhelmed with showers of stones, though not before the fury of my tongue had avenged me." + }, + { + "id": 2814, + "la": "fidite ne regnis et prole et stirpe parentum, quicumque hoc nostrum legitis", + "en": "Put not your trust in royal state, nor motherhood, nor lofty birth, ye who read this my Cynosema.1" + }, + { + "id": 2815, + "la": "Troas Achilleo coniuncta Polyxena busto malueram nullo caespite functa tegi", + "en": "I am Polyxena of Troy, mated with Achilles in the tomb: would rather I had died without a sod to cover me." + }, + { + "id": 2816, + "la": "non bene discordes tumulos miscetis, Achivi: hoc violare magis, quam sepelire fuit", + "en": "You do not well, Achaeans, to unite enemies in the grave: this was to violate, rather than to bury me." + }, + { + "id": 2817, + "la": "Thebarum regina fui, Sipyleia cautes quae modo sum: laesi numina Letoidum", + "en": "A queen of Thebes was I, who am now a crag of Sipylus for my offence against the godhead of Letos offspring." + }, + { + "id": 2818, + "la": "bis septem natis genetrix laeta atque superba, tot duxi mater funera, quot genui", + "en": "Happy and proud to have borne twice seven children, I buried as many as I bare." + }, + { + "id": 2819, + "la": "nec satis hoc divis: duro circumdata saxo amisi humani corporis effigiem;", + "en": "Yet even this did not content the gods: hard stone encased me round until I lost all shape of human form." + }, + { + "id": 2820, + "la": "set dolor obstructis quamquam vitalibus haeret perpetuasque rigat fonte pio lacrimas", + "en": "But though my vital parts are crusted oer, grief clings to them and pours forth a perpetual stream of pitying tears." + }, + { + "id": 2821, + "la": "pro facinus!", + "en": "Ah, cruel deed!" + }, + { + "id": 2822, + "la": "tantaene animis caelestibus irae?", + "en": "Do heavenly spirits hate so bitterly?" + }, + { + "id": 2823, + "la": "durat adhuc luctus, matris imago perit", + "en": "A mothers grief lasts on, her shape passes away" + }, + { + "id": 2824, + "la": "Dic, canis, hic cuius tumulus?", + "en": "Tell me, dog, whose tomb is this?1" + }, + { + "id": 2825, + "la": "'Canis.'", + "en": "It is a dogs." + }, + { + "id": 2826, + "la": "At canis hic quis?'", + "en": "But what dog was that?" + }, + { + "id": 2827, + "la": "Diogenes.'", + "en": "Diogenes." + }, + { + "id": 2828, + "la": "Obiit?'", + "en": "And is he passed away?" + }, + { + "id": 2829, + "la": "Non obiit, set abit.'", + "en": "Not passed away, but gone away." + }, + { + "id": 2830, + "la": "Diogenes, cui pera penus, cui dolia sedes, ad manes abiit?'", + "en": "What, has that Diogenes gone to the shades, whose wealth was his wallet and whose house a cask?2" + }, + { + "id": 2831, + "la": "Cerberus inde vetat.'", + "en": "Cerberus will not let him in." + }, + { + "id": 2832, + "la": "Et quonam?'Clari flagrat qua stella Leonis, additus est iustae nunc canis Erigonae", + "en": "Where is he gone, then? Where the bright star of Leo burns he has been installed now as watch-dog for righteous Erigone.3" + }, + { + "id": 2833, + "la": "Pera, polenta, tribon, baculus, scyphus, arta supellex ista fuit Cynici:", + "en": "A haversack, some barley-meal, a cloak, a stick, a cup'these were the Cynics scanty furniture;" + }, + { + "id": 2834, + "la": "set putat hanc nimiam", + "en": "but now he thinks this over much." + }, + { + "id": 2835, + "la": "namque cavis manibus cernens potare bubulcum: cur, scyphe, te, dixit, gesto supervacuum", + "en": "For, seeing a bumpkin drink from his hollowed hands, quoth he: Why do I carry you about, you useless cup?" + }, + { + "id": 2836, + "la": "Effigiem, rex Croese, tuam, ditissime regum, vidit aput manes Diogenes Cynicus", + "en": "King Croesus, wealthiest of kings, Diogenes the Cynic saw your form amongst the shades." + }, + { + "id": 2837, + "la": "nil, inquit, tibi, Croese, tuum; superant mihi cuncta", + "en": "Said he: Now you have nothing, Croesus, that was yours; while I still have all that I had." + }, + { + "id": 2838, + "la": "nudus eram: sic sum", + "en": "Bare was I: so am I now." + }, + { + "id": 2839, + "la": "nil habui: hoc habeo", + "en": "I had nothing: and that I still have." + }, + { + "id": 2840, + "la": "rex ait: Haud egui, cum tu, mendice, carebas omnibus;", + "en": "The king replied: I wanted for nothing when you, you beggar, lacked everything;" + }, + { + "id": 2841, + "la": "et careo, si modo non egeo?", + "en": "and do I lack if I need nothing now?" + }, + { + "id": 2842, + "la": "Sparge mero cineres bene olentis et unguine nardi, hospes, et adde rosis balsama puniceis", + "en": "Sprinkle my ashes with pure wine and fragrant oil of spikenard; bring balsam too, O stranger, with crimson roses." + }, + { + "id": 2843, + "la": "perpetuum mihi ver agit inlacrimabilis urna et commutavi saecula, non obii", + "en": "Unending spring pervades my tearless urn: I have but changed my state, and have not died." + }, + { + "id": 2844, + "la": "nulla mihi veteris perierunt gaudia vitae, seu meminisse putes omnia, sive nihil", + "en": "I have not lost a single joy of my old life, whether you think that I remember all or none." + }, + { + "id": 2845, + "la": "Una quidem, geminis fulget set dissita punctis littera, praenomen sic [L:] nota sola facit", + "en": "One letter shows up clearly, marked off with a double stop, and that single sign forms the praenomen thus: L:" + }, + { + "id": 2846, + "la": "post M incisum est: puto sic [\\]: non tota videtur: dissiluit saxi fragmine laesus apex", + "en": "Next M is graved'somehow thus, I think, M; for the broken top is flaked away where the stone is cracked, and the whole letter cannot be seen." + }, + { + "id": 2847, + "la": "nec quisquam, marius seu marcius anne metellus hic iaceat, certis noverit indiciis", + "en": "No one can know for certain whether a Marius, or Marcius, or Metellus lies here." + }, + { + "id": 2848, + "la": "truncatis convulsa iacent elementa figuris, omnia confusis interiere notis", + "en": "With their forms mutilated, all the letters are confused, and when the characters are jumbled all their meaning is lost." + }, + { + "id": 2849, + "la": "miremur periisse homines?", + "en": "Are we to wonder that man perishes?" + }, + { + "id": 2850, + "la": "monumenta fatiscunt; mors etiam saxis nominibusque venit", + "en": "His monuments decay, and death comes even to his marbles and his names." + }, + { + "id": 2851, + "la": "Phosphore, clamosi spatiosa per aequora circi septenas solitus victor obire vias, inproperanter agens primos a carcere cursus, fortis praegressis ut potereris equis, promptum et veloces erat anticipare quadrigas: victores etiam vincere laus potior", + "en": "Phosphorus, who used victoriously to cover the seven circuits over the broad track in the uproarious circus, cantering leisurely over the first lap after the start, and saving your mettle to come up with the horses who led, easy was it for you to outpace swift four-horsed chariots also: to win a race against winners is higher praise." + }, + { + "id": 2852, + "la": "hunc titulum vani solacia sume sepulcri et gradere Elysios praepes ad alipedes", + "en": "Take, then, this epitaph'poor consolation!'for your tomb, and gallop nimblehoofed to join the wing hoofed steeds of Elysium." + }, + { + "id": 2853, + "la": "Pegasus hinc dexter currat tibi, laevus Arion funis eat, quartum det tibi Castor equum", + "en": "Hereafter let Pegasus run on your right and Arion be your left-wheeler; and let Castor find you the fourth horse!" + }, + { + "id": 2854, + "la": "Me sibi et uxori et natis commune sepulcrum constituit seras Carus ad exequias", + "en": "Carus has built me as one sepulchre for himself, his wife, and children, when at length they die." + }, + { + "id": 2855, + "la": "iamque diu monumenta vacant sitque ista querella longior et veniat ordine quisque suo, nascendi qui lege datus, placidumque per aevum condatur, natu qui prior, ille prior", + "en": "Long now their resting-places have lain empty, and may that complaint grow yet older: let each come in the order fixed by the law of birth, and through peaceful years let him who is the earlier born be laid to rest the earlier." + }, + { + "id": 2856, + "la": "Omnia quae longo vitae cupiuntur in aevo, ante quater plenum consumpsit Anicia lustrum", + "en": "Anicia has spent all those treasures which are the hope of a long life before her second decade reached its full." + }, + { + "id": 2857, + "la": "infans lactavit, pubes et virgo adolevit", + "en": "While a mere baby she gave suck; while yet a girl she was mature;" + }, + { + "id": 2858, + "la": "nupsit, concepit, peperit, iam mater obivit", + "en": "she married, she conceived, she bare her child, and now has died a matron." + }, + { + "id": 2859, + "la": "quis mortem accuset? quis non accuset in ista?", + "en": "Who can blame death? And yet who can not blame him in this case?" + }, + { + "id": 2860, + "la": "aetatis meritis anus est, aetate puella", + "en": "In ages gains she is a crone; in age itself, a girl." + }, + { + "id": 2861, + "la": "Caesareos proceres, in quorum regna secundis consulibus dudum Romana potentia cessit, accipe bis senos", + "en": "Here take the twice six Caesars into whose sovereignty the sway of Rome passed long ago, leaving the consuls second in authority." + }, + { + "id": 2862, + "la": "sua quemque monosticha signant, quorum per plenam seriem Suetonius olim nomina, res gestas vitamque obitumque peregit", + "en": "A single verse here records each of those emperors of whom through all their array Suetonius once detailed the names, the deeds, the lives and deaths." + }, + { + "id": 2863, + "la": "Primus regalem patefecit Iulius aulam Caesar et Augusto nomen transcripsit et arcem", + "en": "Julius Caesar first opened a royal court and to Augustus bequeathed his name and stronghold." + }, + { + "id": 2864, + "la": "privignus post hunc regnat Nero Claudius, a quo Caesar, cognomen caligae cui castra dederunt", + "en": "After him his stepson, Nero Claudius (Tiberius) reigned, and next Caesar whom the troops nicknamed after the soldiers boot." + }, + { + "id": 2865, + "la": "Claudius hinc potitur regno", + "en": "Then Claudius gained the throne." + }, + { + "id": 2866, + "la": "post quem Nero saevus, ultimus Aeneadum post hunc tres, nec tribus annis: Galba senex, frustra socio confisus inerti;", + "en": "Cruel Nero followed him, last of the sons of Aeneas.2 Then three emperors in scarce three years: aged Galba, vainly reliant on his slothful partner;" + }, + { + "id": 2867, + "la": "mollis Otho, infami per luxum degener aevo nec regno dignus nec morte Vitellius ut vir", + "en": "effeminate Olho, degraded by a life made notorious by vice; Vitellius, as unworthy of the throne as unmanly in his death." + }, + { + "id": 2868, + "la": "his decimus fatoque accitus Vespasianus et Titus imperii felix brevitate", + "en": "Fate summoned Vespasian to make the tenth, and Titus, blessed in his brief reign." + }, + { + "id": 2869, + "la": "secutus frater, quem calvum dixit sua Roma Neronem", + "en": "His brother1 following was called the bald Nero by his subject Rome." + }, + { + "id": 2870, + "la": "Iudius, ut perhibent, divus trieteride regnat", + "en": "Julius the Divine, tis said, reigned three years." + }, + { + "id": 2871, + "la": "Augustus post lustra decem sex prorogat annos, et ter septenis geminos Nero Claudius addit", + "en": "Augustus after ten lustres prolonged his rule for six years, and to thrice seven years Nero Claudius (Tiberius) added two." + }, + { + "id": 2872, + "la": "tertia finit hiems grassantia tempora Gai Claudius hebdomadam duplicem trahit et Nero dirus tantundem, summae consul sed defuit unus", + "en": "The third winter ended the bloody days of Gaius. Claudius dragged out a double span of seven years, and frightful Neros total was as great, save that one consulship was lacking." + }, + { + "id": 2873, + "la": "Galba senex, Otho lascive, famose Vitelli, tertia vos Latio regnantes nesciit aestas, implet fatalem decadam sibi Vespasianus", + "en": "Old Galba, profligate Otho, ill-famed Vitellius, a third summer knew not your rule in Latium. . . Vespasian lived out the full decade of his destiny." + }, + { + "id": 2874, + "la": "ter dominante Tito cingit nova laurea Ianum: quindecies, saevis potitur dum frater habenis", + "en": "Thrice under Titus sway was Janus wreathed with fresh laurels, fifteen times while his brother held the reins of cruelty." + }, + { + "id": 2875, + "la": "Iulius interiit Caesar grassante senatu", + "en": "Julius Caesar perished under the daggers of the Senate." + }, + { + "id": 2876, + "la": "addidit Augustum divis matura senectus", + "en": "Ripe old age added Augustus to the number of the gods." + }, + { + "id": 2877, + "la": "sera senex Capreis exul Nero fata peregit", + "en": "In his retreat at Capri old Nero (Tiberius) ended his life at last." + }, + { + "id": 2878, + "la": "expetiit poenas de Caesare Chaerea mollis", + "en": "Effeminate Chaerea wreaked vengeance on (Gaius) Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 2879, + "la": "Claudius ambiguo conclusit fata veneno", + "en": "Claudius met his end through poison in doubtful circumstances.1" + }, + { + "id": 2880, + "la": "matricida Nero proprii vim pertulit ensis", + "en": "Nero, his mothers slayer, felt the point of his own sword." + }, + { + "id": 2881, + "la": "Galba senex periit saevo prostratus Othone", + "en": "Old Galba died, oerthrown by ruthless Otho." + }, + { + "id": 2882, + "la": "mox Otho famosus, clara set morte potitus", + "en": "Soon ill-famed Otho perished, but won a glorious end." + }, + { + "id": 2883, + "la": "prodiga succedunt perimendi sceptra Vitelli", + "en": "Then came the wasteful reign of Vitellius, doomed to be massacred." + }, + { + "id": 2884, + "la": "laudatum imperium, mors lenis Vespasiano", + "en": "Vespasian s rule was praised, his death was easy." + }, + { + "id": 2885, + "la": "at Titus, orbis amor, rapitur florentibus annis", + "en": "But Titus, the worlds darling, was snatched away in the flower of life." + }, + { + "id": 2886, + "la": "sera gravem perimunt, sed iusta piacula fratrem", + "en": "Late but righteous vengeance destroyed his tyrannous brother." + }, + { + "id": 2887, + "la": "Nunc et praedictos et regni sorte sequentes expediam, series quos tenet imperii, incipiam ab divo percurramque ordine cunctos, novi Romanae quos memor historiae", + "en": "Now I will tell both of those already mentioned and of those who, following them upon the throne, fill up the list of Empire.2 I will begin with the divine3 and run in sequence over all those princes whom I know, mindful of Roman history." + }, + { + "id": 2888, + "la": "Imperium, binis fuerat sollemne quod olim consulibus, Caesar Iulius optinuit", + "en": "That command which once had been the yearly privilege of consuls twain, Julius Caesar grasped." + }, + { + "id": 2889, + "la": "set breve ius regni, sola trieteride gestum: perculit armatae factio saeva togae", + "en": "But brief was his kingly sway, wielded for but three years: ruthless conspiracy of citizens in arms struck it down." + }, + { + "id": 2890, + "la": "Ultor successorque dehinc Octavius, idem Caesar et Augusti nomine nobilior", + "en": "Next came Octavius, a successor and avenger, he too called Caesar, and under the title of Augustus more illustrious still." + }, + { + "id": 2891, + "la": "longaeva et numquam dubiis violata potestas in terris positum prodidit esse deum", + "en": "His sway, long-lived and by danger never outraged, revealed him as a god placed upon earth." + }, + { + "id": 2892, + "la": "Praenomen Tiberi nanctus Nero prima iuventae tempora laudato gessit in imperio", + "en": "Nero, who also bore the first-name Tiberius, in the early season of his youth ruled with applause." + }, + { + "id": 2893, + "la": "frustra dehinc solo Caprearum clausus in antro, quae prodit vitiis, credit operta locis", + "en": "Vainly thenceforth secluded in his cave on Capri, he fancies place can conceal what vice betrays." + }, + { + "id": 2894, + "la": "Post hunc castrensi caligae cognomine Caesar successit saevo saevior ingenio, caedibus incestisque dehinc maculosus et omni crimine pollutum qui superavit avum", + "en": "After him, nicknamed after the soldiers boot, Caesar succeeded'more cruel than that master of cruelty, with murders and incest thenceforth stained, and one who went farther than his grandfather besmirched with every vice." + }, + { + "id": 2895, + "la": "Claudius inrisae privato in tempore vitae, in regno specimen prodidit ingenii", + "en": "Claudius, flouted in his private life, as emperor showed a pattern of ability." + }, + { + "id": 2896, + "la": "libertina tamen nuptarum et crimina passus non faciendo nocens, set patiendo fuit", + "en": "Even though he suffered his freedmens and his wifes enormities, his guilt lay not in performance but in sufferance." + }, + { + "id": 2897, + "la": "Aeneadum generis qui sextus et ultimus heres, polluit et clausit Iulia sacra Nero", + "en": "Sixth and last heir of Aeneas race, Nero defiled and ended the rites of the Julian family. F" + }, + { + "id": 2898, + "la": "nomina quot pietas, tot habet quoque crimina vitae", + "en": "or every name that natural kinship bears, his life also shows a sin." + }, + { + "id": 2899, + "la": "disce ex Tranquillo: set meminisse piget", + "en": "Read them in Tranquillus: but to recall them disgusts." + }, + { + "id": 2900, + "la": "Spe frustrate senex, privatus sceptra mereri visus et imperio proditus inferior, fama tibi melior iuveni;", + "en": "Old man, deceptive in thy promise, who, uncrowned, seemed worthy to wield the sceptre, and by empire wast revealed incompetent, higher was thy repute in youth;" + }, + { + "id": 2901, + "la": "set iustior ordo est conplacuisse dehinc, displicuisse prius", + "en": "yet tis a fitter order to satisfy men later, to dissatisfy them earlier." + }, + { + "id": 2902, + "la": "Aemula polluto gesturus sceptra Neroni obruitur celeri raptus Otho exitio", + "en": "Like to wield a sceptre vying with unclean Nero, Otho is cut off and oerwhelmed by swift destruction." + }, + { + "id": 2903, + "la": "fine tamen laudandus erit, qui morte decora hoc solum fecit nobile, quod periit", + "en": "Yet for his end shall he be deserving praise, who by an honourable death did this one noble deed'he died." + }, + { + "id": 2904, + "la": "Vita ferox, mors foeda tibi, nec digne, Vitelli, qui fieres Caesar: sic sibi fata placent", + "en": "Brutal your life and base your death, nor were you worthy, Vitellius, to become Caesar; tis but the Fates whim." + }, + { + "id": 2905, + "la": "umbra tamen brevis imperii; quia praemia regni saepe indignus adit, non nisi dignus habet", + "en": "Howbeit, twas a passing shadow of empire; for the unworthy often approach the prize of sovereignty: none but the worthy hold them." + }, + { + "id": 2906, + "la": "Quaerendi adtentus, moderato commodus usu, auget nec reprimit Vespasianus opes, olim qui dubiam privato in tempore famam, rarum aliis, princeps transtulit in melius", + "en": "Set upon gathering, in reasonable spending generous, Vespasian increased his wealth, not straitened it; once in his uncrowned days bearing a blemished name,2 as prince'rare act!'he changed it for the better." + }, + { + "id": 2907, + "la": "Felix imperio, felix brevitate regendi, expers civilis sanguinis, orbis amor", + "en": "Happy in thy sway, happy in the shortness of thy reign, guiltless of thy countrys blood,1 the worlds darling, thou!" + }, + { + "id": 2908, + "la": "unum dixisti moriens te crimen habere;", + "en": "Dying, thou saidst one only fault2 was thine;" + }, + { + "id": 2909, + "la": "set nulli de te, nec tibi credidimus", + "en": "but we believe none speaking thus of thee'not even thee thyself." + }, + { + "id": 2910, + "la": "Hactenus edideras dominos, gens Flavia, iustos", + "en": "So far thou hadst brought forth righteous princes, House of the Flavians." + }, + { + "id": 2911, + "la": "cur duo quae dederant, tertius eripuit?", + "en": "Why did the third snatch that away which the two had given?" + }, + { + "id": 2912, + "la": "vix tanti est habuisse illos, quia dona bonorum sunt brevia;", + "en": "Scarce is it worth the price to have possessed those, for good mens gifts are passing;" + }, + { + "id": 2913, + "la": "aeternum, quae nocuere, dolent", + "en": "injuries once done rankle for ever." + }, + { + "id": 2914, + "la": "Proximus extincto moderatur sceptra tyranno Nerva senex, princeps nomine, mente parens", + "en": "The tyrant destroyed, old Nerva next wields the sceptre'a prince in name, in heart a father." + }, + { + "id": 2915, + "la": "nulla viro suboles; imitatur adoptio prolem, quam legisse iuvat, quam genuisse velit", + "en": "Childless is he; adoption gives him offsprings substitute'one whose choice delights him, whose birth he fain would own." + }, + { + "id": 2916, + "la": "Adgreditur regimen viridi Traianus in aevo, belli laude prior, cetera patris habens", + "en": "Trajan comes to the throne in lifes prime, for wars renown more eminent, for all else like his father." + }, + { + "id": 2917, + "la": "hie quoque prole carens sociat sibi sorte legendi, quem fateare bonum, diffiteare parem", + "en": "He also, lacking offspring, takes for his partner by hazard of choice such an one as we allow worthy, but disallow as equal." + }, + { + "id": 2918, + "la": "Aelius hinc subiit mediis praesignis in actis: principia et finem fama notat gravior", + "en": "Then Aelius succeeded, highly distinguished for the deeds of his mid-reign: repute more sinister marks its beginning and its end." + }, + { + "id": 2919, + "la": "orbus et hic: cui iunctus erit documenta daturus, adsciti quantum praemineant genitis", + "en": "He, too, is childless: with him shall be linked one to give proof how far adopted sons can excel the natural-born." + }, + { + "id": 2920, + "la": "Antoninus abhinc regimen capit ille vocatu consultisque Pius, nomen habens meriti", + "en": "Thereafter that Antoninus receives the sway, who by general voice and by decree was called Pius,2 bearing a title which proclaims his worth." + }, + { + "id": 2921, + "la": "filius huic fato nullus;", + "en": "Fate gives him no son;" + }, + { + "id": 2922, + "la": "set lege suorum a patria sumpsit, qui regeret patriam", + "en": "but after the custom of his house he took from his country one to rule his country." + }, + { + "id": 2923, + "la": "Post Marco tutela datur, qui scita Platonis flexit ad imperium patre Pio melior successore suo moriens, set principe pravo, hoc solo patriae, quod genuit, nocuit", + "en": "Next, charge of the state is given to Marcus, who, nobler than his father Pius, applied Platos maxims3 to the task of empire. Dying with a natural heir but an abandoned prince, the only wrong he did his country was to have had a son." + }, + { + "id": 2924, + "la": "Commodus insequitur, pugnis maculosus harenae, Thraecidico princeps bella movens gladio", + "en": "Commodus follows next, disgi-aced by his battles in the arena, a prince who made Avar with the Thracian sword." + }, + { + "id": 2925, + "la": "eliso tandem persolvens gutture poenas, criminibus fassus matris adulterium", + "en": "Strangled,2 he paid full penalty at last, when by his crimes he had revealed his mothers unfaithfulness." + }, + { + "id": 2926, + "la": "Helvi, iudicio et consulto lecte senati, princeps decretis prodite, non studiis", + "en": "Helvius, chosen by the Senates verdict and decree,4 a prince proclaimed by statute, not by favour, thou!" + }, + { + "id": 2927, + "la": "quod doluit male fida cohors, errore probato, curia quod castris cesserat imperio", + "en": "This angered the treacherous bodyguard, once their delusion was made plain, for the Senate had yielded place to the army in authority." + }, + { + "id": 2928, + "la": "Di bene, quod sceptri Didius non gaudet opimis et cito periuro praemia adempta seni", + "en": "Thank heaven that Didius has no joy of the fruits of sovereignty, and that its prizes soon were snatched from that false6 old man!" + }, + { + "id": 2929, + "la": "tuque, Severe pater, titulum ne horresce novantis: non rapit imperium vis tua, sed recipit", + "en": "And thou, father Severus, dread not the title of usurper: your arms do not seize the empire, but receive it." + }, + { + "id": 2930, + "la": "Impiger egelido movet arma Severus ab Histro, ut parricidae regna adimat Didio", + "en": "Unwearying, Severus marches from chill Ister to wrest the sovereignty from Didius the parricide." + }, + { + "id": 2931, + "la": "Punica origo illi; set qui virtute probaret non obstare locum, cum valet ingenium", + "en": "Punic7 by birth was he, yet such as to prove by manliness that place is no bar when native power is strong." + }, + { + "id": 2932, + "la": "Dissimilis virtute patri et multo magis illi, cuius adoptivo nomine te perhibes, fratris morte nocens, punitus fine cruento, inrisu populi tu Caracalla magis", + "en": "Unlike thy father1 in manliness, and still less like him2 by whose usurped name thou dost style thyself'thou, guilty of thy brothers death3 and punished with a bloody end, to thy jeering people art rather Caracalla.4" + }, + { + "id": 2933, + "la": "Principis hinc custos sumptum pro Caesare ferrum vertit in auctorem caede Macrinus iners", + "en": "Next Macrinus, the princes guard, turns the sword he wore for Caesars sake against him who gave it'even in murder sluggish.5" + }, + { + "id": 2934, + "la": "mox cum prole ruit", + "en": "Soon with his son6 is he oerthrown." + }, + { + "id": 2935, + "la": "gravibus pulsare querellis cesset perfidiam: quae patitur, meruit", + "en": "Let him cease to assail treachery with sore complaints: what he suffers he deserved." + }, + { + "id": 2936, + "la": "Tune etiam Augustae sedis penetralia foedas, Antoninorum nomina falsa gerens, quo nunquam neque turpe magis neque foedius ullum monstrum Romano sedit in imperio?", + "en": "Dost thou also defile the sanctuary of the Augustan palace, falsely bearing the name of the Antonines7'thou, than whom no fouler or more filthy monster ever filled the imperial throne of Rome?" + }, + { + "id": 2937, + "la": "Religiosus Christi famulus Biscopus cognomento Benedictus, aspirante superna gratia, monasterium construxit in honorem beatissimi apostolorum principis Petri, iuxta ostium fluminis Vyri ad aquilonem, iuvante se ac terram tribuente venerabili ac piissimo gentis illius rege Ecgfrido:", + "en": "1. Biscop1 surnamed Benedict, a devout servant of Christ, being favoured of heavenly grace, built a monastery in honour of the most blessed Peter, chief of the apostles, by the mouth of the river Wear, on the north side, Egfrid the venerable and right godly king of that nation aiding him with a grant of land;" + }, + { + "id": 2938, + "la": "idemque monasterium annis sedecim, inter innumeros vel itinerum vel infirmitatum labores, eadem qua construxit religione, sedulus rexit", + "en": "and amid innumerable travails of journeyings or sicknesses Biscop diligently ruled the said monastery for 16 years with that same devotion wherewith he did build it." + }, + { + "id": 2939, + "la": "Qui ut beati papae Gregorii verbis, quibus cognominis eius abbatis vitam glorificat, utar:", + "en": "And that I may use the words of the blessed pope Gregory,2 where he extolleth the life of an abbot that had Biscops surname:" + }, + { + "id": 2940, + "la": "Fuit vir vitae venerabilis, gratia Benedictus et nomine, ab ipso pueritiae suae tempore cor gerens senile, aetatem quippe moribus transiens, nulli animum voluptati dedit.", + "en": "He was a man of venerable life, Benedict in grace and in name, having the heart of a man of ripe age even from the time of his boyhood, for in the ways of his life he was beyond his years and gave not his heart to any pleasure." + }, + { + "id": 2941, + "la": "Nobili quidem stirpe gentis Anglorum progenitus, sed non minori nobilitate mentis ad promerenda semper angelorum consortia suspensus", + "en": "He was come of noble lineage among the English, but being no less noble of mind he was lifted up to be deserving of the company of angels for evermore." + }, + { + "id": 2942, + "la": "Denique cum esset minister Osvii regis et possessionem terrae suo gradui competentem illo donante perciperet, annos natus circiter viginti et quinque fastidivit possessionem caducam, ut adquirere posset aeternam:", + "en": "In brief, when he was thane to king Oswy and received of his hand a gift of land suitable to his degree, being at the time about 25 years of age, he disdained the perishable possession that he might obtain one that was eternal;" + }, + { + "id": 2943, + "la": "despexit militiam cum corruptibili donativo terrestrem, ut vero Regi militaret, regnum in superna civitate mereretur habere in perpetuum:", + "en": "he despised earthly warfare with its reward that decayeth, that in warfare for the true King he might be vouchsafed to have a kingdom without end in the heavenly city;" + }, + { + "id": 2944, + "la": "reliquit domum, cognatos et patriam propter Christum et propter Evangelium, ut centuplum acciperet, et vitam aeternam possideret:", + "en": "he forsook home, kinsfolk and country for Christs sake and the Gospels, that he might receive an hundredfold and have everlasting life;" + }, + { + "id": 2945, + "la": "respuit nuptiis servire carnalibus, ut sequi valeret Agnum virginitatis gloria candidum in regnis caelestibus:", + "en": "he refused to be in the bonds of carnal wedlock, in order that in the glory of virginity he might follow the Lamb without spot in the kingdom of heaven;" + }, + { + "id": 2946, + "la": "abnuit liberos carne procreare mortales, praedestinatus a Christo ad educandos ei spirituali doctrina filios caelesti in vita perennes", + "en": "he would not beget mortal children by carnal generation, being foreordained of Christ to bring up for Him by spiritual instruction sons to be immortal in the heavenly life." + }, + { + "id": 2947, + "la": "Dimissa ergo patria Romam adiit, beatorum apostolorum quorum desiderio semper ardere consueverat, etiam loca corporum corporaliter visere atque adorare curavit;", + "en": "2. So, leaving his native land he went to Rome,1 and set himself also to visit and worship in the body the places where are the bodies of the blessed apostles, with love of which he had ever been kindled;" + }, + { + "id": 2948, + "la": "ac patriam mox reversus, studiosius ea quae vidit ecclesiasticae vitae instituta, diligere, venerari, et quibus potuit praedicare non desiit", + "en": "and by and by having returned home he never ceased diligently to love, honour, and proclaim to all whom he might those rules of ecclesiastical life which he saw at Rome." + }, + { + "id": 2949, + "la": "Quo tempore Alchfridus supradicti regis Osvii filius et ipse propter adoranda apostolorum limina Romam venire disponens, comitem eum eiusdem itineris accepit", + "en": "At which time Alchfrid, son of the aforesaid king Oswy, being also himself minded to visit Rome for the purpose of worshipping at the churches of the blessed apostles, took Biscop for his companion in the same journey." + }, + { + "id": 2950, + "la": "Quem cum pater suus ab intentione memorati itineris revocaret, atque in patria ac regno suo faceret residere, nihilominus ipse ut bonae indolis adolescens, coeptum confestim explens iter, summa sub festinatione Romam rediit, tempore cuius supra meminimus beatae memoriae Vitaliani papae;", + "en": "But when his father recalled him from his purpose in the said journey and caused him to remain in his own country and kingdom, none the less Biscop, being a young man of virtuous nature, forthwith finished the journey which was begun, and hastened with great speed to return to Rome in the days of pope Vitalian of blessed memory, whom we named before;" + }, + { + "id": 2951, + "la": "et non pauca scientiae salutaris quemadmodum et prius hausta dulcedine, post menses aliquot inde digrediens ad insulam Lyrinensem, ibidem se monachorum coetui tradidit, tonsuram accepit, et disciplinam regularem monachi voto insignitus debita cum sollicitudine servavit:", + "en": "1 and on this, as also on the visit he made before, having enjoyed abundantly the delights of wholesome learning, he departed thence after a few months and came to the island of Lrins,2 where he joined the company of monks, received the tonsure, and having the mark of the vow of a monk he kept the rule of discipline with all due care;" + }, + { + "id": 2952, + "la": "ubi per biennium idonea monasticae conversationis doctrina institutus, rursus beati Petri apostolorum principis amore devictus, sacratam eius corpore civitatem repedare statuit", + "en": "but after being for two years trained in the learning that belongeth to monastical conversation, he was once more overcome of the love he bore toward blessed Peter, the chief of the apostles, and determined once again to visit the city hallowed of his body." + }, + { + "id": 2953, + "la": "Nec post longum adveniente nave mercatoria, desiderio satisfecit", + "en": "3. And not long after, by the coming of a merchant vessel he had his wish.3" + }, + { + "id": 2954, + "la": "Eo autem tempore miserat Ecgbertus Cantuariorum rex de Brittania electum ad episcopatus officium virum nomine Vyghardum, qui a Romanis beati Gregorii papae discipulis in Cantia fuerat omni ecclesiastica institutione sufficienter edoctus;", + "en": "Now at that time Egbert, king of Kent, had sent from Britain a man named Wighard4 which had been chosen for the office of bishop, and had been well instructed in all ecclesiastical usage by the Roman scholars of the blessed pope Gregory in Kent;" + }, + { + "id": 2955, + "la": "cupiens eum sibi Romae ordinari episcopum, quatenus suae gentis et linguae habens antistitem, tanto perfectius cum subiectis sibi populis vel verbis imbueretur fidei vel mysteriis;", + "en": "and Egbert desired to have him ordained bishop at Rome, so that having a prelate of his own nation and tongue,5 he and all the people under him might be the more perfectly instructed whether in the words or mysteries of the faith;" + }, + { + "id": 2956, + "la": "quanto haec non per interpretem, sed per cognati et contribulis viri linguam simul manumque susciperet", + "en": "insomuch as they would receive these things, not through an interpreter, but by the lips and hand withal of a man that was of their own kin and tribe." + }, + { + "id": 2957, + "la": "Qui videlicet Vighardus Romam veniens, cum cunctis qui secum venere comitibus, antequam gradum pontificatus perciperet, morbo ingruente defunctus est", + "en": "But when he came to Rome, this Wighard, with all his company that came with him, died of a disease that fell upon them, before he could receive pontifical rank." + }, + { + "id": 2958, + "la": "At vero papa apostolicus, ne legatariis obeuntibus legatio religiosa fidelium fructu competente careret, inito consilio elegit de suis quem Brittanias archiepiscopum mitteret, Theodorum videlicet seculari simul et ecclesiastica philosophia praeditum virum, et hoc in utraque lingua, Graeca scilicet et Latina, dato ei collega et consiliatore viro aeque strenuissimo ac prudentissimo Adriano abbate:", + "en": "Whereupon the apostolical pope, unwilling that this godly embassy of the faithful should fail of its due fruit by reason of the death of the ambassadors, took counsel and chose one of his own men, whom he might send to Britain for archbishop, to wit Theodore, a man learned in secular no less than in ecclesiastical philosophy, and that in both languages, Greek that is and Latin, and he gave him for colleague and counsellor a man of no less stoutness of heart and wisdom, the abbot Hadrian:" + }, + { + "id": 2959, + "la": "et quia venerabilem Benedictum sapientem, industrium, religiosum ac nobilem virum fore conspexit, huic ordinatum cum suis omnibus commendavit episcopum, praecepitque ut relicta peregrinatione quam pro Christo susceperat, commodi altioris intuitu patriam reversus, doctorem ei veritatis quem sedulo quaesierat adduceret, cui vel illo pergenti vel ibidem docenti, pariter interpres existere posset et ductor", + "en": "and because he saw that the venerable Benedict would be a prudent, diligent, devout and notable man, he entrusted unto him the bishop whom he had ordained, and all his company, bidding him give up the pilgrimage which he had undertaken for Christs sake, and in regard of a higher advantage return to his countrymen, bringing the teacher of truth they had earnestly required, to the which teacher he might become interpreter as well as guide, both on the way thither and when he was teaching therein." + }, + { + "id": 2960, + "la": "Fecit ut iusserat: venerunt Cantiam:", + "en": "Benedict did as he was bidden: they came to Kent,1" + }, + { + "id": 2961, + "la": "gratissime sunt suscepti:", + "en": "and were very gladly received:" + }, + { + "id": 2962, + "la": "Theodorus sedem episcopatus conscendit:", + "en": "Theodore ascended the episcopal throne:" + }, + { + "id": 2963, + "la": "Benedictus suscepit monasterium beati Petri apostoli ad regendum, cuius postea praefatus Adrianus factus est abbas", + "en": "Benedict took upon him the governance of the monastery of blessed Peter the apostle, whereof the aforementioned Hadrian was presently made abbot." + }, + { + "id": 2964, + "la": "Quod ubi duobus annis monasterium rexit, tertium de Brittania Romam iter arripiens solita prosperitate complevit, librosque omnis divinae eruditionis non paucos vel placito pretio emptos, vel amicorum dono largitos retulit", + "en": "4. The which monastery when Benedict had ruled for two years, he hastened to make his third2 journey to Rome; which he carried out with his accustomable success, and brought back many books of all subjects of divine learning, which had been either" + }, + { + "id": 2965, + "la": "Rediens autem ubi Viennam pervenit, emptitios ibi quos apud amicos commendaverat, recepit", + "en": "bought at a price, or been given him freely of his friends. And when on his way home he was come to Vienne, he there recovered of the friends to whom he had entrusted them the books that he had bought." + }, + { + "id": 2966, + "la": "At ingressus Brittaniam, ad regem Occidentalium Saxonum nomine Coynwalh conferendum putavit, cuius et ante non semel amicitiis usus, et beneficiis erat adiutus", + "en": "Whereupon having entered into Britain he was minded to go to Cenwalh king of the West Saxons, of whose friendship he had before had benefit, and received help of his service." + }, + { + "id": 2967, + "la": "Sed ipso eodem tempore immatura morte praerepto, tandem ad patriam gentem solumque in quo natus est pedem convertens, Ecgfridum Transhumbranae regionis regem adiit;", + "en": "But at that same time, Cenwalh being cut off by untimely death, Benedict at length turned his steps to his own people and the land wherein he was born, and came to the court of Egfrid, king of the Transhumbrian region;" + }, + { + "id": 2968, + "la": "cuncta quae egisset ex quo patriam adolescens deseruit, replicavit;", + "en": "unto him he rehearsed all the things he had done since the time that he left home in his youth;" + }, + { + "id": 2969, + "la": "quoreligionis desiderio arderet, non celavit; quid ecclesiasticae, quid monachicae institutions Romaevelcircumquaquedidicisset, quot divina volumina, quantas beatorum apostolorum sive martyrum Christi reliquias attulisset, patefecit; tantamque apud regem gratiam familiaritatis invenit,", + "en": "he openly shewed the zeal for religion which was kindled in him; he discovered to him all the precepts of ecclesiastical and monastical usage which he had learned at Rome or anywhere about, displaying all the divine volumes and the precious relics of the blessed apostles or martyrs of Christ, which he had brought with him; and he found such grace and favour in the eyes of the king" + }, + { + "id": 2970, + "la": "ut confestim ei terram septuaginta familiarum de suo largitus, monasterium inibi primo pastori ecclesiae facere praeciperet", + "en": "that he forthwith bestowed upon him, out of his own estate, seventy hides of land, and bade him build a monastery there in honour of the chief pastor of the Church." + }, + { + "id": 2971, + "la": "Quod factum est, sicut et in prooemio memini, ad ostium fluminis Viri ad Aquilonem, anno ab incarnatione Domini sexcentesimo septuagesimo quarto, indictione secunda, anno autem quarto imperii Ecgfridi regis", + "en": "The which was built, as I also mentioned in the preface, at the mouth of the river Wear toward the north, in the 674th year from the Lords incarnation, in the second indiction, and in the 4th year of the rule of king Egfrid." + }, + { + "id": 2972, + "la": "Nec plusquam unius anni spatio post fundatum monasterium interiecto, Benedictus oceano transmisso Gallias petens, caementarios qui lapideam sibi ecclesiam iuxta Romanorum quem semper amabat morem facerent, postulavit, accepit, attulit", + "en": "5. And when not more than a year had passed after the foundation of the monastery, Benedict crossed the ocean to France, where he required, procured, and brought away masons to build him a church of stone, after the Roman fashion which he always loved." + }, + { + "id": 2973, + "la": "Et tantum in operando studii prae amore beati Petri in cuius honorem faciebat exhibuit, ut intra unius anni circulum ex quo fundamenta sunt iacta, culminibus superpositis, missarum inibi solemnia celebrari videres", + "en": "And in this work, out of the affection he had for the blessed Peter in whose honour he wrought it, he shewed such zeal that within the course of one year from the time the foundations were laid, the roof was put on, and men might see the solemnities of mass celebrated therein." + }, + { + "id": 2974, + "la": "Proximante autem ad perfectum opere, misit legatarios Galliam, qui vitri factores, artifices videlicet Brittaniis eatenus incognitos, ad cancellandas ecclesiae porticuumque et caenaculorum eius fenestras adducerent", + "en": "Further, when the work was drawing nigh to completion, he sent messengers to France, which should bring over makers of glass (a sort of craftsman till that time unknown in Britain) to glaze the windows of the church, its side-chapels and clerestory." + }, + { + "id": 2975, + "la": "Factumque est, et venerunt: nec solum opus postulatum compleverunt, sed et Anglorum ex eo gentem huiusmodi artificium nosse ac discere fecerunt:", + "en": "And so it was done, and they came: and not only did they finish the work that was required of them, but also caused the English people thereby to understand and learn this manner of craft:" + }, + { + "id": 2976, + "la": "artificium nimirum vel lampadis ecclesiae vel vasorum multifariis usibus non ignobiliter aptum", + "en": "the which without doubt was worthily meet for the fastening in of church lamps, and for the manifold employments to which vessels are put." + }, + { + "id": 2977, + "la": "Sed et cuncta quae ad altaris et ecclesiae ministerium competebant, vasa sancta, vel vestimenta, quia domi invenire non potuit, de transmarinis regionibus advectare religiosus emptor curabat", + "en": "Moreover, this devout buyer, because he could not find them at home, took care to fetch from oversea all manner of things, to wit sacred vessels and vestments that were suitable to the ministry of the altar and the church." + }, + { + "id": 2978, + "la": "Et ut ea quoque quae nec in Gallia quidem reperiri valebant, Romanis e finibus ecclesiae suae provisor impiger ornamenta vel munimenta conferret:", + "en": "6. Further, to the intent he might obtain for his church from the boundaries of Rome those ornaments also and writings which could not be found even in France," + }, + { + "id": 2979, + "la": "quarta illo, post compositum iuxta regulam monasterium, profectione completa, multipliciore quam prius spiritualium mercium foenore cumulatus rediit", + "en": "this diligent steward made a fourth1 journey thither (after he had well ordered his monastery according to the rule), and when he had brought it to an end, he returned laden with a more abundant gain of spiritual merchandise than before." + }, + { + "id": 2980, + "la": "Primo quod innumerabilem librorum omnis generis copiam apportavit:", + "en": "First, because he brought home a vast number of books of every kind:" + }, + { + "id": 2981, + "la": "Secundo quod reliquiarum beatorum apostolorum martyrumque Christi abundantem gratiam multis Anglorum ecclesiis profuturam advexit:", + "en": "Secondly, because he procured a plentiful grace of the relics of the blessed apostles and martyrs of Christ to be profitable to many English churches:" + }, + { + "id": 2982, + "la": "Tertio quod ordinem cantandi, psallendi atque in ecclesia ministrandi iuxta morem Romanae institutionis suo monasterio contradidit, postulato videlicet atque accepto ab Agathone papa archicantore ecclesiae beati apostoli Petri et abbate monasterii beati Martini Iohanne, quem sui futurum magistrum monasterii Britannias Romanum Anglis adduceret", + "en": "Thirdly, because he introduced into his monastery the order of chanting, singing, and ministering in church according to the manner of the Roman usage, having indeed asked and obtained of pope Agatho1 leave to bring to the English in Britain a Roman teacher for his monastery, to wit John,2 archchanter of the church of the blessed apostle Peter and abbot of the monastery of the blessed Martin." + }, + { + "id": 2983, + "la": "Qui illo perveniens, non solum viva voce quae Romae didicit ecclesiastica discentibus tradidit;", + "en": "The which John coming thither, not only by the word of his lips delivered what he had learned at Rome to his scholars of ecclesiastical things," + }, + { + "id": 2984, + "la": "sed et non pauca etiam literis mandata reliquit, quae hactenus in eiusdem monasterii bibliotheca memoriae gratia servantur", + "en": "but also left good store of writings which are still preserved for the sake of his memory in the library of the said monastery." + }, + { + "id": 2985, + "la": "Quartum, Benedictus non vile munus attulit, epistolam privilegii a venerabili papa Agathone cum licentia, consensu, desiderio, et hortatu Ecgfridi regis acceptam, qua monasterium quod fecit ab omni prorsus extrinseca irruptione tutum perpetuo redderetur ac liberum", + "en": "Fourthly, Benedict brought a worthy gift, namely, a letter of privilege from the venerable pope Agatho, which he obtained with the leave and consent of king Egfrid,3 and at his desire and request, whereby the monastery built by him was rendered wholly safe and secure continually from all assault from without." + }, + { + "id": 2986, + "la": "Quintum, picturas imaginum sanctarum quas ad ornandum ecclesiam beati Petri apostoli quam construxerat detulit;", + "en": "Fifthly, he brought home sacred pictures to adorn the church of the blessed apostle Peter built by him," + }, + { + "id": 2987, + "la": "imaginem videlicet beatae Dei genetricis semperque virginis Mariae, simul et duodecim apostolorum, quibus mediam eiusdem ecclesiae testudinem, ducto a pariete ad parietem tabulato praecingeret;", + "en": "namely, the similitude of the blessed mother of God and ever Virgin Mary, and also of the 12 apostles, with the which he might compass the central vault of the said church by means of a board running along from wall to wall;" + }, + { + "id": 2988, + "la": "imagines evangelicae historiae quibus australem ecclesiae parietem decoraret;", + "en": "similitudes of the Gospel story for the adornment of the south wall of the church;" + }, + { + "id": 2989, + "la": "imagines visionum apocalypsis beati Iohannis, quibus septentrionalem aeque parietem ornaret, quatenus intrantes ecclesiam omnes etiam literarum ignari, quaquaversum intenderent, vel semper amabilem Christi sanctorumque eius, quamvis in imagine, contemplarentur aspectum;", + "en": "similitudes of the visions in the Revelation of the blessed John for the ornament of the north wall in like manner, in order that all men which entered the church, even if they might not read, should either look (whatsoever way they turned) upon the gracious countenance of Christ and His saints, though it were but in a picture;" + }, + { + "id": 2990, + "la": "vel Dominicae incarnationis gratiam vigilantiore mente recolerent;", + "en": "or might call to mind a more lively sense of the blessing of the Lords incarnation," + }, + { + "id": 2991, + "la": "vel extremi discrimen examinis, quasi coram oculis habentes, districtius se ipsi examinare meminissent", + "en": "or having, as it were before their eyes, the peril of the last judgment might remember more closely to examine themselves." + }, + { + "id": 2992, + "la": "Igitur venerabilis Benedicti virtute, industria ac religione, rex Ecgfridus non minimum delectatus, terram quam ad construendum monasterium ei donaverat, quia bene se ac fructuose donasse conspexit, quadraginta adhuc familiarum data possessione, augmentare curavit;", + "en": "7. So king Egfrid, being greatly delighted with the virtue, industry and godliness of the venerable Benedict, and seeing that his former gift was well bestowed and bringing forth fruit, was minded to enlarge the grant of land that he had made him for the building of the monastery, by giving him yet another 40 hides;" + }, + { + "id": 2993, + "la": "ubi post annum missis monachis numero ferme decem et septem, et praeposito abbate ac presbytero Ceolfrido, Benedictus consultu immo etiam iussu praefati Ecgfridi regis, monasterium beati Pauli apostoli construxit, ea duntaxat ratione, ut una utriusque loci pax et concordia, eadem perpetuo familiaritas conservaretur et gratia:", + "en": "and hither, a year after, Benedict sent about 17 monks, setting Ceolfrid over them as abbot and priest; and with the advice or rather even by the commandment of the said king Egfrid, he built the monastery1 of the blessed apostle Paul; on this condition only, that there should be unity of peace and agreement, and that friendship and kindness should continually be preserved the same between the two places;" + }, + { + "id": 2994, + "la": "ut sicut verbi gratia, corpus a capite per quod spirat non potest avelli, caput corporis sine quo non vivit nequit oblivisci, ita nullus haec monasteria primorum apostolorum fraterna societate coniuncta aliquo ab invicem temptaret disturbare conatu", + "en": "that just as, to make comparison, the body may not be severed from the head whereby it breathes, and the head may not forget the body without which it hath not life, so none should attempt by any means to separate, the one from the other, these monasteries which were joined together in the brotherly fellowship of the two chief apostles." + }, + { + "id": 2995, + "la": "Ceolfridus autem hic, quem abbatem constituit Benedictus, a primis instituti monasterii prioris exordiis adiutor illi per omnia strenuissimus aderat, et cum eo tempore congruo Romam discendi necessaria simul et adorandi gratia adierat", + "en": "Now this Ceolfrid whom Benedict appointed abbot was from the very beginning of the earlier monastery in all things his most zealous helper, and he had gone with him to Rome at a convenient season, both to receive needful instruction and to worship withal." + }, + { + "id": 2996, + "la": "Quo tempore etiam presbyterum Eosteruinum de monasterio beati Petri eligens abbatem, eidem monasterio regendi iure praefecit:", + "en": "At the which time also he chose Eosterwine, priest of the monastery of the blessed Peter, for abbot, and set him to be ruler over the said monastery:" + }, + { + "id": 2997, + "la": "ut quem solus non poterat laborem, socia dilectissimi commilitonis virtute levius ferret", + "en": "to the intent that the burden, which was too great for him to bear alone, might be lightened, when he was helped by the good courage of a beloved fellow-soldier." + }, + { + "id": 2998, + "la": "Nec ab re videatur cuiquam duos unum monasterium simul habuisse abbates", + "en": "Nor let any man think it strange that one abbey should have two abbots at the same time." + }, + { + "id": 2999, + "la": "Fecit hoc frequens illius pro monasterii utilitate profectio, creber trans oceanum egressus incertusque regressus", + "en": "The cause thereof was Benedicts often journeying in the service of the monastery, his frequent departing and uncertain return across the ocean." + }, + { + "id": 3000, + "la": "Nam et beatissimum Petrum apostolum Romae pontifices sub se duos per ordinem ad regendam Ecclesiam constituisse causa instante necessaria tradunt historiae", + "en": "For history also relates that the most blessed apostle Peter, of necessity laid upon him, appointed two bishops1 under him in succession at Rome to rule the Church." + }, + { + "id": 3001, + "la": "Et ipse magnus abbas Benedictus, sicut de illo beatus papa Gregorius scribit, duodecim abbates suis discipulis, prout utile iudicavit, sine charitatis detrimento, immo pro augmento charitatis praefecit", + "en": "And the great abbot Benedict himself, as blessed Gregory telleth us of him, set 12 abbots over his disciples, as he judged expedient, neither did he thereby lessen brotherly love but rather enlarged it." + }, + { + "id": 3002, + "la": "Suscepit igitur memoratus vir curam monasterii regendi, nono ex quo fundatum est anno", + "en": "8. The man aforesaid then took over the charge of ruling the monastery in the 9th year from the time it was founded," + }, + { + "id": 3003, + "la": "Permansit in eo usque ad obitum suum annis quatuor, vir nobilis, sed insigne nobilitatis non ad iactantiae materiem, ut quidam, despectumque aliorum, sed ad maiorem, ut Dei servum decet animi nobilitatem convertens", + "en": "and he continued therein for 4 years until his death; he was of noble birth, but did not, as is the manner of some, turn the ornament of noble birth to an occasion for boasting and despising other, but, as becometh a servant of God, to a means of greater nobility of soul." + }, + { + "id": 3004, + "la": "Patruelis quippe erat abbatis sui Benedicti, sed amborum tanta mentis ingenuitas, talis mundanae ingenuitatis fuit pro nihilo contemptus, ut neque iste monasterium ingressus, aliquem sibi prae ceteris ob intuitum consanguinitatis aut nobilitatis honorem quaerendum, neque ille putaret offerendum:", + "en": "He was indeed cousin of his abbot Benedict; but so high was the honourable spirit of them both, so utterly did they look down upon worldly honour as of nothing worth, that the one, when he entered into the monastery, thought it not meet to seek any dignity for himself above the rest in regard of family or noble birth, nor did the other think it should be offered unto him;" + }, + { + "id": 3005, + "la": "sed aequali cum fratribus lance boni propositi iuvenis gloriabatur se regularem per omnia servare disciplinam", + "en": "but of the good purpose of his heart in eating of the same platter with the brethren his boast was to keep the rule of discipline in all things as befitted his youth." + }, + { + "id": 3006, + "la": "Et quidem cum fuisset minister Ecgfridi regis, relictis semel negotiis secularibus, depositis armis, assumpta militia spirituali, tantum mansit humilis, fratrumque simillimus aliorum, ut ventilare cum eis et triturare, oves vitulasque mulgere, in pistrino, in horto, in coquina, in cunctis monasterii operibus iocundus et obediens gauderet exerceri", + "en": "And albeit he had been thane to king Egfrid, he put away worldly cares once for all, laid down his weapons, took up spiritual warfare only, and continued humble and so wholly like the other brethren that he was glad to winnow and thresh with them, to milk the ewes and cows, and cheerfully and obediently to be employed in the bakehouse, the garden, the kitchen and all the business of the monastery." + }, + { + "id": 3007, + "la": "Sed et abbatis regimine graduque assumpto, eodem animo quo prius manebat ad omnes, iuxta id quod quidam sapiens admonet dicens:", + "en": "Moreover, after he had taken on him the governance and rank of abbot, he continued to be of the same mind toward all as he had been before, according to the admonition of a wise man which said:" + }, + { + "id": 3008, + "la": "Rectorem te constituerunt, noli extolli, sed esto in illis, quasi unus ex illis, mitis, affabilis, et benignus omnibus.", + "en": "They have made thee ruler; be not lifted up, but be among them as one of the rest, gentle, courteous and kindly to all.1" + }, + { + "id": 3009, + "la": "Et quidem, ubi opportunum comperiebat, peccantes regulari disciplina coercens, sed magis tamen ingenita diligendi consuetudine sedulus admonens, ne qui peccare vellet, et limpidissimam vultus eius lucem nubilo sibi suae inquietudinis abscondere", + "en": "It is true that, when he found it convenient, he would check sinners by the discipline of the rule, but with the natural affection he was wont to shew he would rather diligently admonish them, that none should be willing to sin, and cloud the fair light of the abbots countenance with the shadow of their own disquietness." + }, + { + "id": 3010, + "la": "Saepe pro curandis monasterii negotiis alicubi digrediens, ubi operantes invenit fratres, solebat eis confestim in opere coniungi;", + "en": "Often as he went abroad any whither to look to the business of the monastery, if he found the brethren at work, he would straightway join himself to their labour;" + }, + { + "id": 3011, + "la": "vel aratri gressum stiva regendo, vel ferrum malleo domando, vel ventilabrum manu concutiendo, vel aliud quid tale gerendo", + "en": "either taking the plough handle to guide the furrow, or fashioning iron with the hammer, or shaking the winnowing-fan, or doing some other such thing." + }, + { + "id": 3012, + "la": "Erat enim et viribus fortis iuvenis, et lingua suavis;", + "en": "For he was a young man, both able for strength and gentle of speech;" + }, + { + "id": 3013, + "la": "sed et animo hilaris, et beneficio largus, et honestus aspectu", + "en": "and beside of a cheerful spirit, a liberal giver, and of a comely presence." + }, + { + "id": 3014, + "la": "Eodem quo fratres ceteri cibo, semper eadem vescebatur in domo, ipso quo priusquam abbas esset communi dormiebat in loco, adeo ut etiam morbo correptus et obitus sui certis ex signis iam praescius, duos adhuc dies in dormitorio fratrum quiesceret", + "en": "He ate of the same food as the rest of the brethren, and always in the same building with them; he slept in the selfsame common abode as he did before he was abbot, insomuch that even when smitten with sickness and already warned with sure tokens of his approaching death, he still lay for two days in the brethrens dormitory." + }, + { + "id": 3015, + "la": "Nam quinque reliquos usque ad exitus horam dies in secretiori se aede locabat:", + "en": "For during the remaining 5 days, up to the hour of his departing, he bestowed himself in a more private dwelling;" + }, + { + "id": 3016, + "la": "qua die quadam egrediens, et sub divo residens, accitis ad se fratribus cunctis, more naturae misericordis osculum pacis eis flentibus ac de abscessu tanti patris et pastoris moerentibus dedit", + "en": "and coming out thence on a certain day and sitting in the open, he called unto him all the brethren, and according to the pitifulness of his nature he gave them the kiss of peace, as they wept and lamented for the departure of so good a father and shepherd." + }, + { + "id": 3017, + "la": "Obiit autem per nonas Martias, noctu, fratribus matutinae psalmodiae laude vacantibus", + "en": "He died on the 7th day of March in the night, while all the brethren were employed in the praise of the early singing of psalms." + }, + { + "id": 3018, + "la": "Viginti quatuor annorum erat cum monasterium peteret, duodecim in eo vixit annis, septem presbyteratu functus est annis, quatuor ex eis monasterii regimen agebat;", + "en": "He was 24 years of age when he entered into the monastery; he lived 12 years therein; he discharged the duties of the priesthood for 7 years, 4 of which he spent in the governance of the monastery;" + }, + { + "id": 3019, + "la": "ac sic terrenos artus moribundaque membra relinquens, coelestia regna petivit", + "en": "and so, leaving his earthy frame and limbs ready to die,1 he went to the kingdom of heaven." + }, + { + "id": 3020, + "la": "Verum his de vita venerabilis Eosteruini breviter praelibatis, redeamus ad ordinem narrandi", + "en": "9. But now that thus much hath been given as foretaste touching the life of the venerable Eosterwine, let us return to the course of our story." + }, + { + "id": 3021, + "la": "Constitute illo abbate Benedictus monasterio beati Petri apostoli, constitute et Ceolfrido monasterio beati Pauli, non multo post temporis spatio quinta vice de Brittania Romam adcurrens, innumeris sicut semper ecclesiasticorum donis commodorum locupletatus rediit;", + "en": "No long time after Benedict had appointed him abbot over the monastery of the blessed apostle Peter, and Ceolfrid abbot over the monastery of blessed Paul, he hastened from Britain to Rome for the fifth time, and returned enriched as always with a countless number of gifts of advantage to the churches," + }, + { + "id": 3022, + "la": "magna quidem copia voluminum sacrorum;", + "en": "namely, a great store indeed of sacred books," + }, + { + "id": 3023, + "la": "sed non minori sicut et prius sanctarum imaginum munere ditatus", + "en": "yet with the wealth, as before, of no lesser a present of sacred pictures." + }, + { + "id": 3024, + "la": "Nam et tunc Dominicae historiae picturas quibus totam beatae Dei genetricis, quam in monasterio maiore fecerat, ecclesiam in gyro coronaret, attulit;", + "en": "For at this time also he brought with him paintings of the Lords history, with the which he might compass about the whole church of the blessed mother of God, built by him within the greater monastery;2" + }, + { + "id": 3025, + "la": "imagines quoque ad ornandum monasterium ecclesiamque beati Pauli apostoli de concordia veteris et novi Testamenti summa ratione compositas exhibuit:", + "en": "he also displayed, for the adorning of the monastery and church of the blessed apostle Paul, paintings shewing the agreement of the Old and New Testaments, most cunningly ordered:" + }, + { + "id": 3026, + "la": "verbi gratia, Isaac ligna quibus immolaretur portantem, et Dominum crucem in qua pateretur aeque portantem, proxima super invicem regione, pictura coniunxit", + "en": "for example, a picture of Isaac carrying the wood on which he was to be slain, was joined (in the next space answerable above) to one of the Lord carrying the cross on which He likewise was to suffer." + }, + { + "id": 3027, + "la": "Item serpenti in heremo a Moyse exaltato, Filium hominis in cruce exaltatum comparavit", + "en": "He also set together the Son of Man lifted up on the cross with the serpent lifted up by Moses in the wilderness." + }, + { + "id": 3028, + "la": "Attulit inter alia, et pallia duo oloserica incomparandi operis, quibus postea ab Aldfrido rege eiusque consiliariis, namque Ecgfridum postquam rediit iam interfectum reperit, terram trium familiarum ad Austrum Vuiri fluminis, iuxta ostium comparavit", + "en": "Amongst other things he also brought home two palls all of silk of exceeding goodly workmanship, with the which he afterward purchased from king Aldfrid and his counsellors (for Egfrid after his return he found had now been killed) three hides of land south of the river Wear, near the mouth." + }, + { + "id": 3029, + "la": "Verum inter laeta quae veniens attulit, tristia domi reperit:", + "en": "10. But in the midst of the gladness that he brought in his coming, he found sorrowful tidings at home:" + }, + { + "id": 3030, + "la": "venerabilem videlicet presbyterum Eosteruini quem abiturus abbatem constituerat, simul et fratrum ei commissorum catervam non paucam, per cuncta grassante pestilentia, iam migrasse de seculo", + "en": "to wit, that the venerable priest Eosterwine (whom at the point to go away he had appointed abbot), as well as no small number of the brethren committed to his charge, had already departed this world of a pestilence which was everywhere raging." + }, + { + "id": 3031, + "la": "Sed aderat et solamen, quia in loco Eosteruini virum aeque reverentissimum ac mitissimum de monasterio eodem, Sigfridum videlicet diaconum, electione fratrum suorum simul et coabbatis eius Ceolfridi, mox substitutum cognovit;", + "en": "Yet was there comfort too, because he found that Sigfrid the deacon, a man as meek as he was reverend, had been by and by appointed in the room of Eosterwine out of the said monastery, being chosen thereto both of the brethren as well as of his fellow-abbot Ceolfrid." + }, + { + "id": 3032, + "la": "virum scientia quidem scripturarum sufficienter instructum, moribus optimis ornatum, mira abstinentiae virtute praeditum, sed ad custodiam virtutum animi, corporis infirmitate non minime depressum, ad conservandam cordis innocentiam nocivo et irremediabili pulmonum vitio laborantem", + "en": "He was a man well instructed in the knowledge of the Scriptures, adorned with excellent virtues, endowed with a wonderful gift of abstinence, albeit he was grievously hampered in safeguarding the powers of his mind with bodily sickness, being sore troubled to keep the innocency of his heart by reason of a noisome and incurable malady of the lungs." + }, + { + "id": 3033, + "la": "Nec multo post etiam Benedictus ipse morbo coepit ingruente fatigari", + "en": "11. And not long after, Benedict also himself began to be distressed with an attack of sickness." + }, + { + "id": 3034, + "la": "Ut enim tantam religionis instantiam etiam patientiae virtus adiuncta probaret, divina utrumque pietas temporali aegritudine prostravit in lectum;", + "en": "For in order that the virtue of patience might be added to give proof beside of their great zeal for religion, the mercy of God caused them both to be cast into bed of a temporal malady;" + }, + { + "id": 3035, + "la": "ut post aegritudinem morte devictam perpetua supernae pacis et lucis quiete refoveret", + "en": "to the end that after sickness had been conquered of death, He might refresh them with the abiding rest of heavenly peace and light." + }, + { + "id": 3036, + "la": "Nam et Sigfridus, ut diximus, longa interiorum molestia castigatus diem pervenit ad ultimum", + "en": "For both Sigfrid, chastened (as I have said) with the long trouble of his inward parts, drew to his end," + }, + { + "id": 3037, + "la": "Et Benedictus per triennium languore paulatim accrescente tanta paralysi dissolutus est, ut ob omni prorsus inferiorum membrorum factus sit parte praemortuus, superioribus solum sine quorum vita vivere nequit homo, ad officium patientiae virtutemque reservatis;", + "en": "and Benedict was so weakened during three years with the ailment of a creeping palsy, that he was utterly dead in all the lower part of his body, the upper parts alone (without life in which a man may not remain alive) being preserved for the exercise of the virtue of patience;" + }, + { + "id": 3038, + "la": "studebant in dolore semper Auctori gratias referre, semper Dei laudibus fraternisve hortatibus vacare", + "en": "and both of them endeavoured in the midst of their pain to give continual thanks to their Maker, and to be ever occupied with the praise of God and the encouragement of their brethren." + }, + { + "id": 3039, + "la": "Agebat Benedictus advenientes saepius ad se fratres de custodienda quam statuerat regula firmare:", + "en": "Benedict set himself to strengthen the brethren, that ofttimes came unto him, in the observance of the rule which he had given them:" + }, + { + "id": 3040, + "la": "Neque enim putare habetis, inquit, quod ex meo haec quae vobis statui decreta indoctus corde protulerim", + "en": "For ye are not to think, quoth he, that of my own heart without direction I have set forth the ordinances that I have appointed for you." + }, + { + "id": 3041, + "la": "Ex decem quippe et septem monasteriis quae inter longos meae crebrae peregrinationis discursus optima comperi, haec universa didici, et vobis salubriter observanda contradidi.", + "en": "For all the things I have found most excellent in 17 monasteries, whereunto I came in the travel to and fro of my long and often journeyings, I committed to memory and conveyed to you to keep and profit therefrom." + }, + { + "id": 3042, + "la": "Bibliothecam quam de Roma nobilissimam copiosissimamque advexerat, ad instructionem ecclesiae necessariam, sollicite servari integram, nec per incuriam foedari, aut passim dissipari praecepit", + "en": "The glorious library of a very great store of books which he had brought with him from Rome (and which in regard of instruction in the Church could not be spared) he commanded to be diligently kept whole and complete, and not marred by neglect, nor broken up and scattered." + }, + { + "id": 3043, + "la": "Sed et hoc sedulus eisdem solebat iterare mandatum, ne quis in electione abbatis, generis prosapiam, et non magis vivendi docendique probitatem putaret esse quaerendam", + "en": "Moreover, this charge he was constantly wont to repeat to the said brethren, namely, that in the choice of an abbot none of them should think that family kindred should be sought for rather than uprightness of life and doctrine." + }, + { + "id": 3044, + "la": "Et vere, inquit, dico vobis, quia in comparatione duorum malorum, tolerabilius mihi multo est totum hunc locum in quo monasterium feci, si sic iudicaverit Deus, in solitudinem sempiternam redigi, quam ut frater meus carnalis, quem novimus viam veritatis non ingredi, in eo regendo post me abbatis nomine succedat", + "en": "And I tell you of a truth, quoth he, that comparing the two evils, I deem it far more tolerable that all this place where I have built the monastery should be made a wilderness for ever, if God so will, than that my brother after the flesh, whom we know to be walking not in the way of truth, should follow me in the governance thereof as abbot." + }, + { + "id": 3045, + "la": "Ideoque multum cavetote fratres semper, ne secundum genus unquam, ne deforis aliunde, vobis patrem quaeratis", + "en": "Therefore, my brethren, be ye always very careful never to choose a father for the sake of his family, nor one from any place outside." + }, + { + "id": 3046, + "la": "Sed iuxta quod regula magni quondam abbatis Benedicti, iuxta quod privilegii nostri continent decreta, in conventu vestrae congregationis communi consilio perquiratis, qui secundum vitae meritum et sapientiae doctrinam aptior ad tale ministerium perficiendum digniorque probetur, et quemcunque omnes unanime charitatis inquisitione optimum cognoscentes elegeritis;", + "en": "But in accordance with the rule of our sometime abbot, the great Benedict, and in accordance with the decrees of our letter of privilege, look ye out with common consent in the assembly of your congregation the man which, by reason of his good life and wise doctrine, shall be shewn better fitted and more worthy than others for the fulfilment of such a ministry, and whomsoever ye shall all with one accord upon loving enquiry judge and choose to be the best:" + }, + { + "id": 3047, + "la": "hunc vobis accito episcopo rogetis abbatem consueta benedictione firmari", + "en": "then summon the bishop, and require him to confirm this man with the accustomed blessing to be your abbot." + }, + { + "id": 3048, + "la": "Nam qui carnali, inquit, ordine carnales filios generant, carnali necesse est ac terrenae suae haereditati carnales terrenosque quaerant haeredes:", + "en": "For they, he said, which beget carnal sons by carnal process must needs seek carnal and earthly heirs for a carnal and earthly inheritance;" + }, + { + "id": 3049, + "la": "at qui spirituales Deo filios spirituali semine verbi procreant, spiritualia oportet sint cuncta quae agunt", + "en": "but they which beget spiritual sons by the spiritual seed of the word, must in all things be spiritual in their doings." + }, + { + "id": 3050, + "la": "Inter spirituales suos liberos eum maiorem qui ampliori spiritus gratia sit praeditus aestiment, quomodo terreni parentes quem primum partu fuderint, eum principium liberorum suorum cognoscere, et ceteris in partienda sua haereditate praeferendum ducere solent.", + "en": "Let them then reckon him as the eldest son among their spiritual children, who is thus endowed with more abundant spiritual grace, just as earthly parents are wont to acknowledge their firstborn son as the chief of their offspring, and to consider him to be preferred before the rest, when they divide their inheritance." + }, + { + "id": 3051, + "la": "Neque hoc reticendum, quod venerabilis abbas Benedictus ad temperandum saepe longae noctis taedium, quam prae infirmitatis onere ducebat insomnem, advocato lectore, vel exemplar patientiae Job, vel aliud quid scripturarum quo consolaretur aegrotus, quo depressus in infimis vivacius ad superna erigeretur, coram se recitari iubebat", + "en": "12. Nor must I forbear to tell how ofttimes the venerable abbot Benedict in order to abate the weariness of the long nights, when he could not sleep by reason of his grievous malady, would call a reader and have him read to him the story of Jobs patience, or some other passage of Scripture, whereby in his sickness he might be comforted and be exalted with a more lively hope to things above out of the depth wherein he was brought down." + }, + { + "id": 3052, + "la": "Et quia nullatenus ad orandum surgere, non facile ad explendum solitae psalmodiae cursum linguam vocemve poterat levare, didicit vir prudens affectu religionis dictante, per singulas diurnae sive nocturnae orationis horas aliquos ad se fratrum vocare, quibus psalmos consuetos duobus in choris resonantibus, et ipse cum eis quatinus poterat psallendo, quod per se solum nequiverat, eorum iuvamine suppleret", + "en": "And because he could in no wise rise to pray, nor without difficulty give utterance or lift up his voice to fulfil the course of the regular psalmody, this wise man, taught of his love of religion, accustomed himself, at the several hours of the daily and nightly prayers, to summon unto him some of the brethren which should sing the appointed psalms antiphonally, that so he himself singing with them so far as he might, should by their aid fulfil what he could not accomplish of himself." + }, + { + "id": 3053, + "la": "At ubi uterque abbas lassatus infirmitate diutina, iam se morti vicinum, nec regendo monasterio idoneum fore conspexit:", + "en": "13. But when the two abbots, worn out by long-continued sickness, perceived that they were nigh unto death, and would not be fit to rule the monastery" + }, + { + "id": 3054, + "la": "tanta namque eos affecit infirmitas carnis ut perficeretur in eis virtus Christi, ut cum quadam die desiderantibus eis se invicem priusquam de hoc seculo migrarent videre et alloqui, Sigfridus in feretro deportaretur ad cubiculum ubi Benedictus et ipse suo iacebat in grabato, eisque uno in loco ministrorum manu compositis, caput utriusque in eodem cervicali locaretur, lacrimabili spectaculo, nec tantum habuere virium ut propius posita ora ad osculandum se alterutrum coniungere possent;", + "en": "(for so sore lay their bodily sickness upon them, perfecting in them the power of Christ), that one day, when each desired to see and speak with the other, before departing this life, Sigfrid was carried on a stretcher to the chamber where Benedict too was himself laid upon his pallet, and their attendants placing them side by side, their heads were set on the same pillow (a lamentable sight), and albeit their faces were close together they had not strength to bring them near to kiss each other;" + }, + { + "id": 3055, + "la": "sed et hoc fraterno compleverunt officio:", + "en": "yet even this they brought to pass with the help of the brethren." + }, + { + "id": 3056, + "la": "inito Benedictus cum eo, cumque universis fratribus salubri consilio, acciit abbatem Ceolfridum, quem monasterio beati apostoli praefecerat, virum videlicet sibi non tam carnis necessitudine, quam virtutum societate propinquum:", + "en": "Then Benedict, after wholesome counsel held with Sigfrid and all the brethren, summoned abbot Ceolfrid whom he had set over the monastery of the blessed apostle Paul, being his kinsman1 not in the bond of the flesh so much as in fellowship of virtue;" + }, + { + "id": 3057, + "la": "et eum utrique monasterio cunctis faventibus, atque hoc utillimum iudicantibus, praeposuit patrem;", + "en": "and all the rest agreeing and deeming it most expedient, he appointed him father over both monasteries;" + }, + { + "id": 3058, + "la": "salubre ratus per omnia ad conservandam pacem, unitatem, concordiamque locorum, si unum perpetuo patrem rectoremque tenerent;", + "en": "for he judged it best in every way for the maintenance of the peace, unity and agreement of the two places that they should continually have one father and governor;" + }, + { + "id": 3059, + "la": "commemorans saepius Israelitici regni exemplum, quod inexterminabile semper exteris nationibus, inviolatumque perduravit, quamdiu unis iisdemque suae gentis regebatur a ducibus;", + "en": "oftentimes recounting the example of the kingdom of Israel, which could not ever be driven from its boundaries by foreign nations, and remained without hurt, so long as it was ruled by one and the same leader from its own nation;" + }, + { + "id": 3060, + "la": "at postquam praecedentium causa peccatorum inimico ab invicem est certamine diremptum, periit paulisper, et a sua concussum soliditate defecit", + "en": "but when afterward on account of its former sins the people became enemies to one another and were parted asunder with contention, it gradually perished and fell to ruin from its former stability." + }, + { + "id": 3061, + "la": "Sed et Evangelicam illam monebat sine intermissione recolendam esse sententiam, quia omne regnum in seipso divisum desolabitur.", + "en": "He likewise bade them unceasingly remember the Gospel precept,2 which says that every kingdom divided against itself shall be brought to desolation." + }, + { + "id": 3062, + "la": "Igitur post haec revolutis mensibus duobus primo, venerabilis ac Deo dilectus abbas Sigfridus, pertransito igne et aqua tribulationum temporalium, inductus est in refrigerium sempiternae quietis, introiit in domum regni coelestis, in holocaustis perpetuae laudationis reddens sua vota Domino, quae sedula labiorum mundorum distinctione promiserat:", + "en": "14. So when after these things two months had gone by, in the first place Sigfrid the venerable abbot, beloved of God, was brought into the refreshment of eternal rest through the fire and water of temporal tribulation, and entered into his home in the kingdom of heaven, paying unto the Lord in sacrifices of continual praise the vows he had promised with often parting of clean lips;" + }, + { + "id": 3063, + "la": "ac deinde adiunctis aliis mensibus quatuor, vitiorum victor Benedictus et virtutum patrator egregius, victus infirmitate carnis ad extrema pervenit", + "en": "and when 4 more months were passed, Benedict, the conqueror over sin and glorious worker of righteousness, being conquered of bodily weakness came to his end." + }, + { + "id": 3064, + "la": "Nox ruit hibernis algida flatibus: dies illi mox sancto nascitura aeternae felicitatis, serenitatis et lucis", + "en": "The night falls chilly with winter blasts;1 but for that holy man is soon to rise the day of everlasting happiness, peace and light." + }, + { + "id": 3065, + "la": "Conveniunt fratres ad ecclesiam, insomnes orationibus et psalmis transigunt umbras noctis:", + "en": "The brethren assemble at the church, and sleeplessly pass the dark hours in prayers and psalms:" + }, + { + "id": 3066, + "la": "et paternae decessionis pondus continua divinae laudis modulatione solantur", + "en": "lightening the burden of their fathers departure with the unceasing melody of praise to God." + }, + { + "id": 3067, + "la": "Alii cubiculum in quo aeger, animo robustus egressum mortis et vitae expectabat ingressum, non deserunt", + "en": "Other abide in the chamber, where Benedict, sick in body but strong in mind, was looking for his passage from death and his entry into life." + }, + { + "id": 3068, + "la": "Evangelium tota nocte pro doloris levamine, quod et aliis noctibus fieri consueverat, a presbytero legitur;", + "en": "All that night, as was the custom to be done other nights too, the Gospel is read aloud of a priest to comfort his pain;" + }, + { + "id": 3069, + "la": "Dominici corporis et sanguinis sacramentum hora exitus instante pro viatico datur;", + "en": "as the hour of his departure is at hand, the sacrament of the Lords body and blood is given him for his voyage provision;" + }, + { + "id": 3070, + "la": "et sic anima illa sancta longis flagellorum felicium excocta atque examinata flammis luteam carnis fornacem deserit, et supernae beatitudinis libera pervolat ad gloriam", + "en": "and so this holy soul, searched and tried with the slow flames of profitable chastisement, leaveth the furnace of earth2 in the flesh, and flieth in deliverance to the glory of heavenly bliss." + }, + { + "id": 3071, + "la": "Cuius egressui victoriosissimo, neque ab immundis spiritibus aliquatenus impediendo vel retardando, etiam psalmus qui tum pro eo canebatur, testimonium dat", + "en": "And to his departure in great triumph, which might not be let or hindered in any way of evil spirits, witness is borne also by the psalm which at that time was being sung for him." + }, + { + "id": 3072, + "la": "Namque fratres ad ecclesiam principio noctis concurrentes, psalterium ex ordine decantantes, ad octogesimum tune et secundum cantando pervenerant psalmum, qui habet in capite:", + "en": "For the brethren, hurrying together to the church at nightfall, sang through the psalter, and had at that time reached the 82nd psalm which has for its title" + }, + { + "id": 3073, + "la": "Deus quis similis erit tibi?", + "en": "Lord, who shall be like unto Thee?" + }, + { + "id": 3074, + "la": "Cuius totus hoc resonat textus, quod inimici nominis Christi sive carnales sive spirituales, semper Ecclesiam Christi, semper animam quamque fidelem disperdere ac dissipare conentur;", + "en": "of the which psalm thus is the whole meaning, that the enemies of the name of Christ, whether they be carnal or ghostly, do strive to break up and destroy always the Church of Christ and always every faithful soul;" + }, + { + "id": 3075, + "la": "sed e contra ipsi confusi et conturbati, sint perituri in seculum, enervante illos Domino, cui non est quisquam similis, qui est solus altissimus super omnem terram", + "en": "but contrariwise they themselves shall be confounded and dismayed and perish everlastingly, their strength being weakened of the Lord, to Whom there is none like, Who only is the highest over all the earth." + }, + { + "id": 3076, + "la": "Unde recte dabatur intelligi coelitus dispensatum, ut talis diceretur psalmus ea hora qua exiret de corpore anima, cui iuvante Domino nullus praevalere posset inimicus", + "en": "Whence it was rightly understood to be disposed from heaven that such psalm should be said in the hour when his soul was leaving his body, against whom, the Lord being his helper, no enemy might prevail." + }, + { + "id": 3077, + "la": "Sextodecimo postquam monasterium fundavit anno, quievit in Domino confessor, pridie iduum Ianuariarum, sepultus in ecclesia beati apostoli Petri;", + "en": "In the 16th year after he had founded the monastery, this confessor fell asleep in the Lord, on the 12th day of January, and was buried in the church of the blessed apostle Peter;" + }, + { + "id": 3078, + "la": "ut quem degens in carne semper solebat amare, quo pandente ianuam regni caelestis intrabat, ab huius reliquiis et altari post mortem nec corpore longius abesset", + "en": "so that after death his body lay not far from the relics and the altar of him whom, whiles he was in the flesh, he ever loved, and who opened for him the door of entry into the kingdom of heaven." + }, + { + "id": 3079, + "la": "Sedecim ut diximus annos monasterium rexit, primos octo per se sine alterius assumptione abbatis;", + "en": "For 16 years, as we have said, he ruled the monastery; the first 8 of himself without appointment of a second abbot beside;" + }, + { + "id": 3080, + "la": "reliquos totidem viris venerabilibus et sanctis Eosteruini, Sigfrido et Ceolfrido abbatis se nomine, auctoritate, et officio iuvantibus;", + "en": "the last 8 with the venerable and holy Eosterwine, Sigfrid and Ceolfrid to aid him with the title, authority, and office of abbot;" + }, + { + "id": 3081, + "la": "primo quatuor annos, secundo tres, tertio unum", + "en": "the first during 4 years, the second during 3 years and the last during one." + }, + { + "id": 3082, + "la": "Qui et ipse tertius, id est, Ceolfridus industrius per omnia vir, acutus ingenio, actu impiger, maturus animo, religionis zelo fervens, prius, sicut et supra meminimus, iubente pariter et iuvante Benedicto, monasterium beati Pauli apostoli septem annis, fundavit, perfecit, rexit;", + "en": "15. And he that was third of these, namely Ceolfrid, a man diligent in all things, of quick understanding, not slothful in business, ripe in judgment and fervent in religious zeal, did first, as too we have said before, at the behest as well as with the help of Benedict found, complete and govern the monastery of the blessed apostle Paul for a space of 7 years;" + }, + { + "id": 3083, + "la": "ac deinde utrique monasterio, vel sicut rectius dicere possumus, in duobus locis posito uni monasterio beatorum apostolorum Petri et Pauli, viginti et octo annos sollerti regimine praefuit;", + "en": "and after for 28 years did wisely govern over both monasteries, or, as we might say more truly, over the single monastery of the blessed apostles Peter and Paul situated in two different places;" + }, + { + "id": 3084, + "la": "et cuncta quae suus predecessor egregia virtutum opera coepit, ipse nec segnius perficere curavit", + "en": "and all the notable works of righteousness begun by his predecessor, these Ceolfrid was as ready to endeavour to complete." + }, + { + "id": 3085, + "la": "Siquidem inter cetera monasterii necessaria quae longo regendi tempore disponenda comperit, etiam plura fecit oratoria;", + "en": "For beside all other things needful for the monastery, which his long rule thereof taught him should be provided, he built many chapels;" + }, + { + "id": 3086, + "la": "altaris et ecclesiae vasa, vel vestimenta omnis generis ampliavit;", + "en": "he multiplied the vessels of the church and altar, and all kinds of vestments;" + }, + { + "id": 3087, + "la": "bibliothecam utriusque monasterii, quam Benedictus abbas magna coepit instantia, ipse non minori geminavit industria:", + "en": "the library of either monastery, which abbot Benedict had been so instant to begin, was of him with no lesser diligence doubled:" + }, + { + "id": 3088, + "la": "ita ut tres pandectes novae translationis, ad unum vetustae translationis quem de Roma attulerat, ipse super adiungeret;", + "en": "insomuch that he added 3 pandects1 of the new translation to the single copy of the old which he had brought from Rome;" + }, + { + "id": 3089, + "la": "quorum unum senex Romam rediens secum inter alia pro munere sumpsit, duos utrique monasterio reliquit:", + "en": "and one of these, when he went back in his old age to Rome, he carried with him amongst other things for a present, but two he bequeathed to the two monasteries." + }, + { + "id": 3090, + "la": "dato quoque Cosmographorum codice mirandi operis, quem Romae Benedictus emerat, terram octo familiarum iuxta fluvium Fresca ab Aldfrido rege in scripturis doctissimo in possessionem monasterii beati Pauli apostoli comparavit;", + "en": "Moreover, in exchange for the manuscript, most excellent for workmanship, of the Cosmographers, which Benedict had bought at Rome, he procured from king Aldfrid, a man well learned in the Scriptures, 8 hides of land beside the river Fresea,2 for the possession of the monastery of the blessed apostle Paul;" + }, + { + "id": 3091, + "la": "quem comparandi ordinem ipse, dum adhuc viveret, Benedictus cum eodem rege Aldfrido taxaverat, sed priusquam complere potuisset obiit", + "en": "and this manner of procuring the land had been fixed by the estimation of Benedict, whilst he still lived, with the said king Aldfrid, but he died before he could complete it." + }, + { + "id": 3092, + "la": "Verum pro hac terra postmodum, Osredo regnante, Ceolfridus, addito pretio digno, terram viginti familiarum in loco qui incolarum lingua Ad Villam Sambuce vocatur, quia haec vicinior eidem monasterio videbatur, accepit", + "en": "But somewhat later under king Osred, Ceolfrid, paying a fit price in addition, exchanged this piece of land for 20 hides in the place which is called of the inhabitants At the Township Sambuce,3 because this land was seen to be nearer the said monastery." + }, + { + "id": 3093, + "la": "Missis Romam monachis tempore beatae recordationis Sergii papae, privilegium ab eo pro tuitione sui monasterii instar illius quod Agatho papa Benedicto dederat, accepit:", + "en": "Having sent monks to Rome in the days of pope Sergius of blessed memory, Ceolfrid obtained from him a privilege for the protection of the monastery, like that which pope Agatho had granted to Benedict;" + }, + { + "id": 3094, + "la": "quod Brittanias perlatum, et coram synodo patefactum, praesentium episcoporum simul et magnifici regis Aldfridi subscriptione confirmatum est, quomodo etiam prius illud sui temporis regem et episcopos in synodo publice confirmasse non latet", + "en": "and this being brought to Britain and made known before the synod was confirmed by the subscription of the bishops there present as well as by that of the noble king Aldfrid, in the manner in which, as is well known, the former privilege was publicly confirmed in a synod by the king and bishops of its time." + }, + { + "id": 3095, + "la": "Temporibus illius tradens se monasterio beati Petri apostoli, quod regebat, veteranus ac religiosus, et in omni tam seculari quam scripturarum scientia eruditus Christi famulus Vuitmer, terram decem familiarum quam ab Aldfrido rege in possessionem acceperat, in loco villae quae Daldun nuncupatur, eidem monasterio perpetuae possessionis iure donavit", + "en": "It was in king Aldfrids time that Witmer, an aged and devout servant of Christ, skilled in all secular learning as well as in knowledge of the Scriptures, giving himself to the monastery of the blessed apostle Peter (which Ceolfrid then ruled) made over to the same monastery 10 hides of land for a continual possession, granted to him for a possession by king Aldfrid and situate in the township called Dalton.1" + }, + { + "id": 3096, + "la": "At ubi Ceolfridus post multam regularis observantiae disciplinam quam sibi ipsi, pariter ac suis, pater providus ex priorum auctoritate contribuit;", + "en": "16. But Ceolfrid, after long discipline in observance of the rule which the father had providently given of the authority of men of former time for the profit of himself and his followers;" + }, + { + "id": 3097, + "la": "post incomparabilem orandi psallendique sollertiam, qua ipse quotidianus exerceri non desiit;", + "en": "after displaying a diligence which might not be equalled in prayer and chanting, wherein he ceased not to exercise himself daily;" + }, + { + "id": 3098, + "la": "post mirabilem et coercendi improbos fervorem, et modestiam consolandi infirmos;", + "en": "after shewing marvellous zeal in restraining the froward, and sobriety in comforting the weak;" + }, + { + "id": 3099, + "la": "post insolitam rectoribus et escae potusque parcitatem, et habitus vilitatem;", + "en": "after practising an abstinence in food and drink and a poverty of dress rare among rulers;" + }, + { + "id": 3100, + "la": "vidit se iam senior et plenus dierum non ultra posse subditis ob impedimentum supremae aetatis, debitam spiritualis exercitii vel docendo vel vivendo praecipere formam;", + "en": "perceived that, being now old and full of days, he could no longer, on account of the hindrance of his great age, either by precept or example, require of them which were subject to him the due pattern of spiritual practice;" + }, + { + "id": 3101, + "la": "multa diu secum mente versans, utilius decrevit, dato fratribus praecepto, ut iuxta sui statuta privilegii iuxtaque regulam sancti abbatis Benedicti, de suis sibi ipsi patrem qui aptior esset eligerent, et ipse beatorum apostolorum ubi iuvenis cum Benedicto fuerat Romae loca sancta repeteret:", + "en": "after much pondering a long time in his heart, he judged it better to enjoin the brethren, in accordance with the decrees of their privilege and the rule of the holy abbot Benedict, to choose out of their number a fitter man to be their father, and determined himself to revisit the holy places of the blessed apostles at Rome, where in his youth he had been with Benedict:" + }, + { + "id": 3102, + "la": "quatenus et ipse ante mortem aliquamdiu seculi curis absolutus, liberius sibimet secreta quiete vacaret;", + "en": "to the end that before his death he might both himself have for a season a respite from the cares of the world, and freedom to remain privily with himself in peace apart;" + }, + { + "id": 3103, + "la": "et illi sumpto abbate iuniore, perfectius iuxta aetatem magistri quae vitae regularis essent instituta servarent", + "en": "and that the brethren, having taken a younger man for abbot, might in accordance with the age of their new master keep with greater perfection the usages that belonged to the life of their rule." + }, + { + "id": 3104, + "la": "Obnitentibus licet primo omnibus, et in lacrimas singultusque genua cum obsecratione crebra flectentibus, factum est quod voluit", + "en": "17. Although at first all withstood him and knelt before him with sobs and tears and oft-repeated prayers, it was done as he willed." + }, + { + "id": 3105, + "la": "Tantaque erat proficiscendi cupido, ut tertia die ex quo fratribus secretum sui propositi aperuit, iter arriperet", + "en": "And so eager was he to set out, that he hastened to begin his journey the third day after he had declared his secret purpose to the brethren." + }, + { + "id": 3106, + "la": "Timebat enim quod evenit, ne priusquam Romam pervenire posset, obiret;", + "en": "For he had fear, as indeed it came to pass, lest he should die before he might reach Rome;" + }, + { + "id": 3107, + "la": "simul devitans, ne ab amicis sive viris principalibus quibus cunctis erat honorabilis, eius coepta retardarentur, et ne pecunia daretur illi a quibusdam, quibus retribuere pro tempore nequiret;", + "en": "and wished withal to avoid that his undertaking should be hindered of his friends or the principal men with all whom he was held in honour, and lest money should be given him of some whom he could not at once repay;" + }, + { + "id": 3108, + "la": "hanc habens semper consuetudinem, ut siquis ei aliquid muneris offerret, hoc illi vel statim vel post intervallum competens, non minore gratia rependeret", + "en": "for his constant habit was, if any man made him a gift, that he would recompense it either at once or after a meet interval, with no less a favour." + }, + { + "id": 3109, + "la": "Cantata ergo primo mane missa in ecclesia beatae Dei genetricis semperque virginis Mariae et in ecclesia apostoli Petri, pridie nonas Iunias, quinta feria, et communicantibus qui aderant, continuo praeparatur ad eundum", + "en": "So, after mass had first been sung in the morning in the church of the blessed mother of God, the ever Virgin Mary, and in the church of blessed Peter, on the 4th day of June, being the 5th day of the week, all who were present having made their communion, he straightway prepared to go." + }, + { + "id": 3110, + "la": "Conveniunt onmes in ecclesiam beati Petri, ipse thure incenso et dicta oratione ad altare, pacem dat omnibus, stans in gradibus, thuribulum habens in manu:", + "en": "All assemble in the church of blessed Peter, and Ceolfrid having himself lighted the incense and said the prayer at the altar, standing on the steps with the censer in his hands, giveth them all his peace:" + }, + { + "id": 3111, + "la": "hinc fletibus universorum inter letanias resonantibus, exeunt;", + "en": "from thence they go forth, the sound of weeping that all made being heard in the midst of the litanies," + }, + { + "id": 3112, + "la": "beati Laurentii martyris oratorium, quod in dormitorio fratrum erat obvium, intrant;", + "en": "and enter the chapel of the blessed martyr Laurence, which stood opposite in the brethrens dormitory;" + }, + { + "id": 3113, + "la": "vale dicens ultimum, de conservanda invicem dilectione, et delinquentibus iuxta Evangelium corripiendis, admonet;", + "en": "and bidding his last fare-well, he warneth them to preserve mutual love and to correct offenders in accordance with the Gospel;" + }, + { + "id": 3114, + "la": "omnibus, siquid forte deliquissent, gratiam suae remissionis et placationis offert;", + "en": "he offereth to all who may have offended, the grace of his forgiveness and good-will;" + }, + { + "id": 3115, + "la": "omnes pro se orare, sibi placatos existere, si sint quos durius iusto redarguisset, obsecrat", + "en": "he beseecheth all to pray for him and to be reconciled to him, if there were any whom he had rebuked with more harshness than he should." + }, + { + "id": 3116, + "la": "Veniunt ad litus; rursum osculo pacis inter lacrimas omnibus dato, genua flectunt;", + "en": "They come to the shore; again he giveth the kiss of peace to all amidst their tears;" + }, + { + "id": 3117, + "la": "dat orationem, ascendit navem cum comitibus", + "en": "he prayeth and goeth aboard the ship with his company." + }, + { + "id": 3118, + "la": "Ascendunt et diacones ecclesiae cereas ardentes et crucem ferentes auream, transit flumen, adorat crucem, ascendit equum et abiit, relictis in monasteriis suis fratribus numero ferme sexcentorum", + "en": "The deacons of the church also embark, bearing lighted tapers and a golden cross; he crosseth the river, adoreth the cross, mounteth his horse and departed, leaving in his monasteries brethren to the number of about 600." + }, + { + "id": 3119, + "la": "Illo autem abeunte cum sociis, redeunt ad ecclesiam fratres, se ac sua Domino fletibus et oratione commendant:", + "en": "18. And as he departed with his company, the brethren return to the church, and with tears and prayers commend themselves and their belongings to God;" + }, + { + "id": 3120, + "la": "et post non grande intervallum, completa horae tertiae psalmodia, rursum conveniunt omnes;", + "en": "and after no long interval, having finished the psalms of the third hour, they all again assemble;" + }, + { + "id": 3121, + "la": "quid agendum sit consulunt;", + "en": "they consider what should be done;" + }, + { + "id": 3122, + "la": "orando, psallendo, et ieiunando patrem citius a Deo quaerendum decernunt;", + "en": "they determine with all speed to ask for a father from God with prayer and singing of psalms and fasting;" + }, + { + "id": 3123, + "la": "monachis beati Pauli, fratribus videlicet suis, per eorum quosdam qui aderant, necnon et suorum aliquos, quod decreverunt, pandunt", + "en": "they discover their determination to the monks of blessed Paul, which were their brethren, through some of them which were present, as well as through some of their own company." + }, + { + "id": 3124, + "la": "Assentiunt et illi, fit utrorumque animus unus, omnium corda sursum, omnium levantur voces ad Dominum", + "en": "These also agree, both monasteries are of one mind, the hearts of all and the voices of all are lifted up unto the Lord." + }, + { + "id": 3125, + "la": "Tandem die tertia, veniente Dominico pentecosten, conveniunt omnes qui erant in monasterio beati Petri in concilium, adsunt et de monasterio beati Pauli seniorum non pauci", + "en": "At length on the third day, at the coming of Pentecost Sunday, all the monks of the monastery of blessed Peter met in council, and of the elders of the monastery of blessed Paul not a few." + }, + { + "id": 3126, + "la": "Fit una concordia, eadem utrorumque sententia", + "en": "All are of one mind and both have the same opinion." + }, + { + "id": 3127, + "la": "Eligitur itaque abbas Huaetbertus, qui a primis pueritiae temporibus eodem in monasterio non solum regularis observantia disciplinae institutus, sed et scribendi, cantandi, legendi ac docendi fuerat non parva exercitatus industria", + "en": "And so Hwaetbert is chosen abbot, which had not only been taught from earliest childhood in that same monastery the rule of regular discipline, but was also very diligently practised in the arts of writing, chanting, reading and teaching." + }, + { + "id": 3128, + "la": "Romam quoque temporibus beatae memoriae Sergii papae accurrens, et non parvo ibidem temporis spatio demoratus, quaeque sibi necessaria iudicabat, didicit, descripsit, retulit;", + "en": "He too in the days of pope Sergius of blessed memory hastened to Rome, and after tarrying there no small time, learned, copied and brought home all things that he judged needful for himself;" + }, + { + "id": 3129, + "la": "insuper et duodecim ante haec annos presbyterii est functus officio", + "en": "moreover, he had also discharged the office of the priesthood for 12 years before." + }, + { + "id": 3130, + "la": "Hic igitur electus abbas ab omnibus utriusque praefati monasterii fratribus, statim assumptis secum aliquibus fratrum, venit ad abbatem Ceolfridum cursum navis qua oceanum transiret expectantem:", + "en": "Having therefore been chosen abbot by all the brethren of the two aforesaid monasteries, he straightway took with him some of the brethren and came to abbot Ceolfrid, which was waiting for a ship to take him across the ocean:" + }, + { + "id": 3131, + "la": "quem elegerant abbatem nuntiant:", + "en": "they inform him whom they had chosen abbot;" + }, + { + "id": 3132, + "la": "Deo gratias, respondit, electionem confirmat, et commendatoriam ab eo epistolam apostolico papae Gregorio deferendam suscepit:", + "en": "he answereth: Thanks be to God, confirmeth the election, and receiveth from Hwaetberts hands a letter of recommendation to be delivered to the apostolical pope Gregory:" + }, + { + "id": 3133, + "la": "cuius, memoriae causa, putavimus etiam in hoc opere versus aliquot esse ponendos", + "en": "some passages whereof we have also thought fit to set down in this work by way of record." + }, + { + "id": 3134, + "la": "Domino in Domino dominorum dilectissimo, terque beatissimo papae Gregorio, Huaetbertus humilis servus vester, abbas coenobii beatissimi apostolorum principis Petri in Saxonia, perpetuam in Domino salutem", + "en": "19. To the most beloved lord in the Lord of all lords, the thrice blessed pope Gregory, Hwaetbert your humble servant, abbot of the monastery of Peter the most blessed chief of the apostles, which is in Saxony, continual health in the Lord." + }, + { + "id": 3135, + "la": "Gratias agere non cesso dispensationi superni examinis, una cum sanctis fratribus qui mecum in his locis ad inveniendam requiem animabus suis suavissimum Christi iugum portare desiderant, quod te nostris temporibus tam glorificum electionis vas regimini totius ecclesiae praeficere dignatus est, quatinus per hoc quo ipse impleris lumen veritatis et fidei, etiam minores quosque affatim iubare suae pietatis aspergeret", + "en": "I together with the holy brethren which in this place desire with me to bear Christs most pleasant yoke, to the end they may find rest for their souls, cease not to give thanks to the ordinance of the heavenly judgment, for that it hath vouchsafed to appoint you who are so glorious a vessel of election for the governance of the whole Church in our time, in order that by means of this light of truth and faith wherewith ye are filled, He might shed abundantly the light of His love also on all which are of less account." + }, + { + "id": 3136, + "la": "Commendamus autem tuae sanctae benignitati, dilectissime in Christo pater et domine, venerabiles patris nostri dilectissimi canos, Ceolfridi videlicet abbatis, ac nutritoris tutorisque nostrae spiritualis in monastica quiete libertatis et pacis", + "en": "Now, most beloved father and lord in Christ, we commend to your holy grace the venerable grey hairs of our most beloved father, the abbot Ceolfrid, the nurse and guardian of our spiritual freedom and peace in monastical quietness." + }, + { + "id": 3137, + "la": "Et primum quidem gratias agimus sanctae et individuae Trinitati, quod ipse etsi non sine maximo nostro dolore, gemitu, luctu, ac prosecutione lacrimarum a nobis abiit;", + "en": "And first of all we give thanks to the holy and undivided Trinity that, albeit he has himself departed from us to our exceeding grief amid sighing, lamentation and shedding of tears," + }, + { + "id": 3138, + "la": "ad suae tamen diu desideratae quietis gaudia sancta pervenit:", + "en": "yet he hath attained the holy joys of the rest so long desired of him:" + }, + { + "id": 3139, + "la": "dum ea quae iuvenem se adiisse, vidisse atque adorasse semper recordans exultabat: etiam senio defessus beatorum apostolorum devotus limina repetiit", + "en": "seeing that even in the weariness of old age he hath devoutly again sought to come to those churches of the blessed apostles, which he remembered with joy to have visited, seen, and worshipped in the time of his youth." + }, + { + "id": 3140, + "la": "Et post longos amplius XL annorum labores curasque continuas, quibus monasteriis regendis abbatis iure praefuit, incomparabili virtutis amore quasi nuper ad conversationem vitae caelestis accitus, ultima confectus aetate, et prope iam moriturus, rursus incipit peregrinari pro Christo, quo liberius prisca sollicitudinum secularium spineta, camino spirituali fervens compunctionis ignis absumat", + "en": "And after the long travail of more than 40 years, and the continual cares he had in ruling the monasteries over which he was made abbot, being as it were newly summoned for his unequalled love of virtue to the conversation of heavenly life, in his extreme old age and even now at the point to die, he is beginning again to be a pilgrim for Christs sake, that so the burning fire of repentance may the more readily consume in the spiritual furnace the former thorns of worldly cares." + }, + { + "id": 3141, + "la": "Deinde etiam vestrae paternitati supplicamus, ut quod nos facere non meruimus, vos erga illum ultimae pietatis seduli munus expleatis:", + "en": "Next we further entreat your paternity carefully to perform for him the last office of compassion, which we have not been thought worthy to render," + }, + { + "id": 3142, + "la": "pro certo scientes quia etsi vos corpus habetis ipsius, et nos tamen et vos Deo devotum eius spiritum sive in corpore manentem, sive carneis vinculis absolutum, magnum pro nostris excessibus apud supernam pietatem intercessorem habemus et patronum.", + "en": "being well assured that, albeit his body is with you, yet we as well as you have in his Godfearing spirit (whether abiding in the body or set free from the bonds of the flesh) a mighty intercessor and advocate on behalf of our transgressions before the heavenly mercy." + }, + { + "id": 3143, + "la": "Et cetera, quae epistolae sequentia continent", + "en": "And hereon followeth the rest of the letter." + }, + { + "id": 3144, + "la": "Reverso autem domum Huaetberto, advocatur episcopus Acca, et solita illum in abbatis officium benedictione confirmat", + "en": "20. Now on Hwaetberts return home, bishop Acca was summoned, of whom he was confirmed in the office of abbot with the accustomable benediction." + }, + { + "id": 3145, + "la": "Qui inter innumera monasterii iura quae iuvenili sagax solertia recuperabat, hoc in primis omnibus delectabile et gratificum fecit;", + "en": "Among the privileges without number, which with the wise exercise of his youthful diligence he recovered for the monastery, this was especially pleasant and grateful to all;" + }, + { + "id": 3146, + "la": "sustulit ossa Eosteruini abbatis, quae in porticu ingressus ecclesiae beati apostoli Petri erant posita;", + "en": "he took up the bones of abbot Eosterwine, which had been laid in the porch of entry to the church of the blessed apostle Peter," + }, + { + "id": 3147, + "la": "necnon et ossa Sigfridi abbatis ac magistri quondam sui, quae foris sacrarium ad meridiem fuerant condita, et utraque in una theca sed medio pariete divisa recludens, intus in eadem ecclesia iuxta corpus beati patris Benedicti composuit", + "en": "and also the bones of his sometime master, abbot Sigfrid, which had been buried without the sanctuary toward the south, and placing both in one box (but divided by a middle partition) he laid them within the same church beside the body of the blessed father Benedict." + }, + { + "id": 3148, + "la": "Fecit autem haec die natalis Sigfridi, id est, undecimo kalendarum Septembrium, quo etiam die contigit mira Dei providentia, ut venerandus Christi famulus Vuitmer, cuius supra meminimus, excederet, et in loco ubi praedicti abbates prius sepulti fuerant, ipse qui eorum imitator fuerat, conderetur", + "en": "Now this he did on Sigfrids birthday, that is, on the 22nd day of August, on which day it also happened, by the wonderful providence of God that Witmer died, the venerable servant of Christ, of whom we have already spoken, and there where the aforesaid abbots were already buried, he which had been their follower was himself interred." + }, + { + "id": 3149, + "la": "Christi vero famulus Ceolfridus, ut supradictum est, ad limina beatorum apostolorum tendens, priusquam illo pervenisset, tactus infirmitate diem clausit ultimum", + "en": "21. But Ceolfrid, the servant of Christ, as has been said before, was smitten of sickness as he was hastening to the churches of the blessed apostles, and ended his last day before he arrived there." + }, + { + "id": 3150, + "la": "Perveniens namque Lingonas circa horam diei tertiam, decima ipsius diei hora migravit ad Dominum, et crastino in ecclesia beatorum Geminorum martyrum honorifice sepultus est, non solum Anglis genere qui plusquam octoginta numero in eius fuerant comitatu, sed et illius loci accolis pro retardato tam reverendi senis desidero, in lacrimas luctusque solutis", + "en": "For reaching Langres about the third hour of the day, he departed to the Lord the 10th hour of the self-same day, and on the morrow he was buried honourably in the church of the blessed Twin martyrs, amidst the tears and lamentations, not only of the Englishmen who to the number of more than 80 had been in his company, but also of the inhabitants of that place grieving that so reverend an old man had been hindered of his desire." + }, + { + "id": 3151, + "la": "Neque enim facile quisquam lacrimas tenere potuit, videns comites ipsius partim patre amisso coeptum iter agere;", + "en": "Nor indeed was it easy for any man to restrain his tears, when he saw some of Ceolfrids companions go on the way they had begun, without their father," + }, + { + "id": 3152, + "la": "partim mutata intentione qua Romam ire desiderant, domum magis qua hunc sepultum nuntiarent reverti;", + "en": "and other change their purpose of desiring to come to Rome, and rather return home where they might report his burial;" + }, + { + "id": 3153, + "la": "partim ad tumbam defuncti inter eos quorum nec linguam noverant, pro inextinguibili patris affectu residere", + "en": "while yet other, out of their undying love for their father, remained by the tomb of the dead man in the midst of a people whose language they did not understand." + }, + { + "id": 3154, + "la": "Erat autem quando obiit annorum septuaginta quatuor, presbyterii gradu functus annis quadraginta septem, abbatis officium ministrans annis triginta quinque, vel potius annis quadraginta tribus, quia scilicet a primo tempore quo Benedictus in honore beatissimi apostolorum principis suum coepit condere monasterium, ipse illi comes individuus, cooperator et doctor regularis et monasticae institutionis aderat", + "en": "22. Now at the time of his death he was 74 years of age, 47 of which he had spent in the priests office, 35 in the discharge of an abbots duties, or rather 43, because indeed from the first time in which Benedict began to build the monastery in honour of the most blessed chief of the apostles, Ceolfrid was not divided from his company, and was his helper and fellow teacher of the regular and monastical life." + }, + { + "id": 3155, + "la": "Cui ne prisci morem rigoris, vel aetatis, vel infirmitatis, vel itineris unquam minueret occasio;", + "en": "And that no occasion either of age or sickness or travel should ever abate the practice of the strictness ordained of old," + }, + { + "id": 3156, + "la": "ex die quo de monasterio suo profectus abiit usque ad diem quo defunctus est, id est, a pridie nonas Iunias usque ad septimum kalendarum Octobrium diem, per dies cxiv, exceptis canonicis orationum horis, quotidie bis psalterium ex ordine decantare curavit;", + "en": "from the very day he set out to depart from his monastery until the day on which he died, namely, from the fourth day of June until the 25th day of September, for 114 days he had the psalter sung twice daily in due order, not reckoning the canonical hours of prayer;" + }, + { + "id": 3157, + "la": "etiam cum ad hoc per infirmitatem deveniret, ut equitare non valens feretro caballario veheretur, quotidie missa cantata salutaris hostiae Deo munus offerret, excepto uno, quo oceanum navigabat, et tribus ante exitum diebus", + "en": "and even when he was grown so weak that he could no longer ride, but had to be carried in a horse-litter, after mass had been sung, he daily made to God the offering of the saving Host, save only one day, when he was on the ocean, and the three days before his death." + }, + { + "id": 3158, + "la": "Obiit autem septimo kalendarum Octobrium die, anno ab incarnatione Domini septingentesimo sextodecimo, feria sexta, post horam nonam, in pratis memoratae civitatis:", + "en": "23. Now he died on the 25th day of September in the 716th year of the incarnation of the Lord, on the 6th day of the week, after the 9th hour, in the fields belonging to the afore-named city;" + }, + { + "id": 3159, + "la": "sepultus in crastinum ad austrum eiusdem civitatis miliario primo in monasterio Geminorum, astante ac psalmos resonante exercitu non parvo tam Anglorum qui cum eo advenerant, quam monasterii eiusdem vel civitatis incolarum", + "en": "and he was buried on the morrow toward the south of the said city at the first milestone, within the monastery of the Twins, in the presence of a great host, not only of the English which had come with him, but also of the brethren of the said monastery, and of the inhabitants of the city, which all sang psalms." + }, + { + "id": 3160, + "la": "Sunt autem Gemini martyres in quorum monasterio et ecclesia conditus est, Speusippus, Eleusippus, Meleusippus qui, uno partu matris editi, eadem ecclesiae fide renati, simul cum avia sua Leonilla, dignam loco illi sui martyrii reliquere memoriam, qui piam etiam nobis indignis et nostro parenti opem suae intercessionis et protections impendant", + "en": "Now these Twin martyrs in whose monastery and church he was buried, are Speusippis, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus, which were delivered at one birth and born again in the same faith of the Church, together with their grandmother Leonilla; and they left behind them a memorial of their martyrdom worthy of the spot, and may they bestow even upon us unworthy and upon our father the pitiful help of their intercession and protection!" + }, + { + "id": 3161, + "la": "Dilectissimo ac reverentissimo antistiti Ecgbercto Baeda famulus Christi salutem", + "en": "To the most beloved and most reverend bishop Egbert,1 Bede, the servant of Christ, greeting." + }, + { + "id": 3162, + "la": "Memini te hesterno dixisse anno, cum tecum aliquot diebus legendi gratia in monasterio tuo demorarer, quod hoc etiam anno velles, cum in eundem devenires locum, me quoque, ob commune legendi studium, ad tuum accire colloquium", + "en": "I remember that last year,2 when I tarried with you for some days in your monastery for the purpose of study, you said that on your coming to the same place this year, you would invite me there again, that we might study and take counsel together." + }, + { + "id": 3163, + "la": "Quod si ita, Deo volente, posset impleri, non opus esset tibi haec per literas scripta dirigere; cum possem liberius ore ad os loquens, quaeque vellem, sive necessaria ducerem, secreta tibi allocutione suggerere", + "en": "And if so it might have been fulfilled of the will of God, there would have been no need for me to write this letter unto you: for speaking face to face I could have set before you in private conference more freely all that I wished or thought it necessary to say." + }, + { + "id": 3164, + "la": "Verum quia hoc ne fieret, superveniens, ut nosti, corporis mei valitudo prohibuit: agere tamen quod potui, erga dilectionem tuam fraternae devotionis intuitu, curavi, mittendo videlicet per literas quod corporaliter veniendo per collocutionem nequiveram", + "en": "But albeit, as you know, a visitation of bodily sickness hath hindered this from coming to pass, yet out of regard to the brotherly devotion in me to meet your affection, I have endeavoured to do what I might by writing in a letter that which I could not communicate in bodily presence." + }, + { + "id": 3165, + "la": "Precorque te per Dominum, ne harum apices literarum arrogantiae supercilium esse suspiceris, sed obsequium potius humilitatis ac pietatis veraciter esse cognoscas", + "en": "And I implore you, in the name of the Lord, not to suspect the characters of this letter to shew a wilful arrogance, but to know that they do truthfully offer the service of humility and love." + }, + { + "id": 3166, + "la": "Exhortor itaque tuam, dilectissime in Christo antistes, sanctitatem, ut gradum sacrosanctum quem tibi Auctor graduum et spiritualium largitor charismatum committere dignatus est, sacrosancta et operatione et doctrina confirmare memineris", + "en": "2. Wherefore, O bishop dearly beloved in Christ, I exhort your holiness that you be mindful with holiness of practice and teaching to maintain the holy dignity with which the Author of all dignity and the Giver of spiritual gifts hath vouchsafed to put in your keeping." + }, + { + "id": 3167, + "la": "Neutra enim haec virtus sine altera rite potest impleri: si aut is qui bene vivit docendi officium negligit, aut recte docens antistes rectam exercere operationem contemnit", + "en": "For neither of these virtues may duly be fulfilled apart from the other: if either the man of good life neglect the office of teacher, or the bishop which teacheth rightly despise the practice of good works." + }, + { + "id": 3168, + "la": "Qui autem utrumque veraciter agit, profecto talis servus adventum Domini sui gratulabundus expectat, sperans se citius auditurum:", + "en": "But such a servant as veritably doeth both these things, assuredly awaiteth His Lords coming with thankfulness, and hopeth shortly to hear the words:1" + }, + { + "id": 3169, + "la": "Euge serve bone et fidelis, quia super pauca fuisti fidelis, supra multa te constituam: intra in gaudium Domini tui.", + "en": "Well done, good and faithful servant: because thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will set thee over many things: enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." + }, + { + "id": 3170, + "la": "Si quis vero, quod absit, gradu episcopatus accepto, nec seipsum a malis actibus bene vivendo, nec subditam sibi plebem castigando, vel admonendo corrigere curat: quid huic veniente Domino, hora qua non sperat, eventurum sit, evangelica manifeste sententia declarat, qua dicitur ad inutilem servum: Eiicite in tenebras exteriores, ibi erit fletus et stridor dentium.", + "en": "But if, which God forbid, anyone, having taken the dignity of bishop, doth not endeavour either to reform himself from evil courses by right living, or by punishment or warning to amend the people2 that is subject unto him: what shall befall this man, when his Lord cometh in an hour that he looketh not for, is plainly declared in the word of the Gospel where it is said to the unprofitable servant:3 Cast ye him into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth." + }, + { + "id": 3171, + "la": "Ante omnia sane tuae sanctae paternitati suadeo, ut ab otiosis te confabulationibus, obtrectationibus, ceterisque linguae indomitae contagiis pontificali dignitate coerceas: divinis autem eloquiis ac meditationibus scripturarum linguam simul et mentem occupes, et maxime legendis beati Pauli apostoli epistolis ad Timotheum et Titum, sed et verbis sanctissimi papae Gregorii, quibus de vita simul et vitiis rectorum sive in libro Regulae Pastoralis seu in homeliis Evangelii multum curiose disseruit, ut sermo tuus semper sapientiae sale conditus, eminentior vulgari locutione, ac divino auditui dignior elucescat", + "en": "3. Above all things I beseech you well, holy father, to keep yourself with the worthiness that becometh a bishop from idle gossip and slander and all the other plagues of an unruly tongue; but employ both lips and mind with divine discourses and study of the Scripture, and especially with reading the epistles of the blessed apostle Paul to Timothy and Titus, and, moreover, the words of the most holy pope Gregory, wherein he hath very diligently dealt with both the life and offences of rulers, whether in his book of Pastoral Care or in his homilies on the Gospel; that your speech, being always seasoned with the salt of wisdom, may shine forth above the communication of the multitude, and be more worthy of the hearing of God." + }, + { + "id": 3172, + "la": "Sicut enim indecens est, si vasa altaris sacrosancta vulgaribus unquam usibus ac vilibus profanentur officiis, ita perversum omni modo ac miserum est, si is qui ad consecranda in altari dominica sacramenta ordinatus est, nunc quidem eisdem conficiendis sacramentis Domino famulaturus assistat, nunc egressus ecclesiam ipso ore eisdemque manibus quibus paulo ante sacra tractaverat, repente frivola loqui vel agere Dominum offensurus incipiat", + "en": "For as it is unseemly that the holy vessels of the altar should ever be defiled with mean and common use, so it is utterly wrong and lamentable that he who hath been ordained to consecrate the Lords sacrament upon the altar should at one moment stand to serve the Lord in the celebration thereof, and the next moment pass straight from the church and begin to sin against the Lord, by using for vain speech or act the very same lips and hands with the which a little before he had been occupied with holy things." + }, + { + "id": 3173, + "la": "Ad custodiendam linguae vel operis munditiam, cum lectione divina, etiam societas eorum qui Christo fideli devotione famulantur, plurimum iuvat", + "en": "4. Beside sacred study, the company also of men which serve Christ with faithful devotion is of great help in keeping pure lips and clean hands." + }, + { + "id": 3174, + "la": "Ut si quando vel lingua lascivire, vel operatio prava mihi subrepere coeperit, mox sociorum fldelium manu ne cadere valeam sustenter", + "en": "Wherefore, if at any time my tongue begin to wax wanton, or corrupt dealing to creep into my heart, I may presently be saved, lest I should fall, by the hands of faithful companions." + }, + { + "id": 3175, + "la": "Quod cum omnibus Dei famulis sibimet ita prospicere utillimum sit, quanto magis illi gradui qui non suimet tantummodo curam agere, sed etiam erga commissam sibi ecclesiam necesse habet studium salutis impendere;", + "en": "And as it is very expedient for all the servants of God thus to look to themselves, how much more is it so for that degree which is bound not only to beware of itself, but also to be zealous for the safety of the church committed to its charge;" + }, + { + "id": 3176, + "la": "iuxta illum qui dixit, praeter ea quae extrinsecus sunt, instantia mea quotidiana, sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum", + "en": "according to him which said:1 Beside those things which are without, that which cometh upon me daily, the care of all the churches." + }, + { + "id": 3177, + "la": "Quis infirmatur, et ego non infirmor?", + "en": "Who is weak, and I am not weak?" + }, + { + "id": 3178, + "la": "Quis scandalizatur, et ego non uror?", + "en": "Who is offended, and I burn not?" + }, + { + "id": 3179, + "la": "Quod non ita loquor, quasi te aliter facere sciam, sed quia de quibusdam episcopis fama vulgatum est, quod ipsi ita Christo serviant, ut nullos secum alicuius religionis aut continentiae viros habeant:", + "en": "Now I do not say this as though I should know you to be acting otherwise, but because it is commonly reported of some bishops that they in such wise serve Christ, that they have none about them which are men of any godliness or temperance;" + }, + { + "id": 3180, + "la": "sed potius qui risui, iocis, fabulis, commessationibus et ebrietatibus, ceterisque vitae remissions illecebris subigantur, et qui magis quotidie ventrem dapibus, quam mentem sacrificiis coelestibus pascant", + "en": "but rather men which are given up to laughter, jesting, tales, revellings, drunkenness and the other allurements of dissolute living; which daily rather feed their belly with feasts than their mind with heavenly sacrifices." + }, + { + "id": 3181, + "la": "Quos tua sancta auctoritate si alicubi repereris velim corrigas, moneasque illos tales suae conversationis diurnae sive nocturnae testes habere, qui et actione Deo digna et exhortatione congrua prodesse populis, ac spiritale ipsorum antistitum opus iuvare sufficiant", + "en": "Of the which sort if you find any anywhere, I would have you amend them with your holy authority, and admonish them to provide such witnesses of their conversation by day and night as, through conduct worthy of God and exhortations agreeing thereto, may be able to profit the people and further their own spiritual work as bishops." + }, + { + "id": 3182, + "la": "Lege enim Actus Apostolorum, et videbis, referente beato Luca, quales secum comites apostoli Paulus et Barnabas habuerint, quid etiam ipsi, ubicunque devenissent, operis egerint", + "en": "For read the Acts of the Apostles, and you will see from the report of blessed Luke, what sort of companions the apostles Paul and Barnabas had with them, and what sort of work also they themselves did wherever they came." + }, + { + "id": 3183, + "la": "Statim namque ut civitates vel synagogas ingressi sunt, verbum Dei praedicare, et per omnia disseminare curabant", + "en": "For, as soon as they entered into cities and synagogues, they endeavoured to preach and spread abroad everywhere the word of God." + }, + { + "id": 3184, + "la": "Quod etiam te, dilectissimum mihi caput, sagaciter cupiam, ubicunque potes implere", + "en": "And this, my beloved friend, I wish you also to execute wisely, wherever you are able." + }, + { + "id": 3185, + "la": "In hoc namque officium a Domino electus, in hoc consecratus es, ut verbum evangelizes virtute magna, praebente tibi auxilium ipso Rege virtutum Domino nostro Jesu Christo", + "en": "For to this duty were you chosen of the Lord, to this were you consecrated, namely, to preach the Gospel with great power by the enabling help of our Lord Jesus Himself, the King of powers." + }, + { + "id": 3186, + "la": "Quod ita rite perficies si, ubicunque perveneris, mox collectis ad te eiusdem loci incolis, verbum illis exhortationis exhibueris, simul et exemplum vivendi una cum omnibus qui tecum venerint quasi caelestis militiae ductor ostenderis", + "en": "And this you will rightly perform if, wherever you come, you presently gather together unto you the inhabitants of the said place, and offer them the word of exhortation, at the same time holding up, with all your company, the example of good living, like a true captain in the heavenly warfare." + }, + { + "id": 3187, + "la": "Et quia latiora sunt spatia locorum, quae ad gubernacula tuae dioecesis pertinent, quam ut solus per omnia discurrere, et in singulis viculis atque agellis verbum Dei praedicare, etiam anni totius emenso curriculo, sufficias, necessarium satis est, ut plures tibi sacri operis adiutores adsciscas, presbyteros videlicet ordinando, atque instituendo doctores, qui in singulis viculis praedicando Dei verbo, et consecrandis mysteriis caelestibus, ac maxime peragendis sacri baptismatis officiis, ubi opportunitas ingruerit, assistant", + "en": "5. And because the region over which the governance of your diocese extendeth is too wide for you to pass through it everywhere yourself alone and preach the word of God in the several villages and homesteads, even within the full course of a year, it is very necessary that you should take unto you many helpers in the holy work; to wit, by ordaining priests and appointing teachers, which in every village shall aid you with preaching the word of God and consecrating the heavenly mysteries, and especially with performing the rite of holy baptism, when occasion shall arise." + }, + { + "id": 3188, + "la": "In qua videlicet praedicatione populis exhibenda, hoc prae ceteris omni instantia procurandum arbitror, ut fidem catholicam quae apostolorum symbolo continetur, et Dominicam orationem quam sancti Evangelii nos Scriptura edocet, omnium qui ad tuum regimen pertinent, memoriae radicitus infigere cures", + "en": "And in setting forth this preaching to the people I think that above all else you must endeavour with all diligence to see that the catholic faith which is contained in the Apostles Creed,1 and the Lords Prayer, which is taught us in the Scripture of the Holy Gospel, be rooted deeply in the memory of all which belong unto your rule:" + }, + { + "id": 3189, + "la": "Et quidem omnes qui Latinam linguam lectionis usu didicerunt, etiam haec optime didicisse certissimum est: sed idiotas, hoc est, eos qui propriae tantum linguae notitiam habent, haec ipsa sua lingua discere, ac sedulo decantare facito", + "en": "It is true that it is most sure that these things have become perfectly known to those who have been taught to read the Latin tongue; but do you cause them to be known and constantly repeated in their own tongue by those that are unlearned, that is, by them who have knowledge only of their proper tongue." + }, + { + "id": 3190, + "la": "Quod non solum de laicis, id est, in populari adhuc vita constitutes, verum etiam de clericis sive monachis qui Latinae sunt linguae expertes fieri oportet", + "en": "And this should be done, not only as touching the laity, that is to say, them which are still established in the life of the world, but also as touching the clergy or monks which are ignorant of the Latin tongue." + }, + { + "id": 3191, + "la": "Sic enim fit, ut coetus omnis fidelium quomodo fidelis esse, qua se firmitate credendi contra immundorum spirituum certamina munire atque armare debeat, discat: sic, ut chorus omnis Deo supplicantium quid maxime a Divina clementia quaeri oporteat, agnoscat", + "en": "For by this means it cometh to pass that the whole body of believers shall learn how they should believe, and fortify and arm themselves by steadfast belief against the assaults of unclean spirits: by this means it cometh that the whole band of them that worship God shall understand what most they are bound to seek of the Divine mercy." + }, + { + "id": 3192, + "la": "Propter quod et ipse multis saepe sacerdotibus idiotis haec utraque, et symbolum videlicet, et Dominicam orationem in linguam Anglorum translatam obtuli", + "en": "For the which reason I have myself too ofttimes given to unlearned priests both these things, to wit, the Creed and the Lords Prayer translated into the English tongue.2" + }, + { + "id": 3193, + "la": "Nam et sanctus antistes Ambrosius hoc de fide loquens admonet, ut verba symboli matutinis semper horis fideles quique decantent, et hoc se quasi antidoto spiritali contra diaboli venena quae illis interdiu vel noctu astu maligno obicere posset, praemuniant", + "en": "For this the holy bishop Ambrose,1 speaking concerning the faith, doth advise, that the words of the Creed should ever be repeated of all the faithful at matins, and that they should arm themselves as with a kind of spiritual antidote against the poison which the devil with malicious cunning casteth before them by day and night." + }, + { + "id": 3194, + "la": "Orationem vero Dominicam saepius decantari ipsa etiam nos consuetudo sedulae deprecationis ac genuum flexionis docuit", + "en": "Moreover, we ourselves too have been taught more often repetition of the Lords Prayer by our own custom of constant supplication and bending of the knees." + }, + { + "id": 3195, + "la": "Quod si haec ut suggerimus in regendis pascendisque Christi ovibus tua pastoralis auctoritas perfecerit, dici non potest quantum tibi supernae mercedis apud Pastorem pastorum in futuro praeparaveris", + "en": "6. Wherefore if, as we set before you, of your pastoral authority you shall bring these things to pass in the ruling and feeding of Christs sheep, it cannot be told how great a heavenly recompense you will have laid up to receive hereafter at the hands of the Shepherd of shepherds." + }, + { + "id": 3196, + "la": "Quanto enim rariora huius sacratissimi operis in episcopis nostrae gentis exempla reperis, tanto altiora singularis meriti praemia recipies;", + "en": "For the fewer examples that you find of this most hallowed work among the bishops of our nation, the higher will be the reward of singular well-doing which you shall obtain;" + }, + { + "id": 3197, + "la": "utpote qui populum Dei per crebram symboli vel orationis sacrae decantationem ad intellectum, amorem, spem, fidem, et inquisitionem eorundem quae decantantur caelestium donorum, paterna pictate ac sollicitudine provocatum accenderis", + "en": "as being one which stirred up of fatherly love and affection hath enkindled Gods people, through frequent repetition of the Creed and the Lords Prayer, to understanding, love, hope, faith, and searching after the heavenly gifts therein rehearsed." + }, + { + "id": 3198, + "la": "Sicut e contrario si commissum tibi a Domino negotium minus diligenter compleveris, pro retentione talenti cum servo nequam et pigro partem es recepturus in futuro: maxime si temporalia ab illis commoda requirere atque accipere praesumpseris, quibus nulla caelestis beneficii dona rependere probaveris", + "en": "Just as contrariwise, if you are careless in perfecting the business committed to you of the Lord, you shall hereafter have your portion with the wicked and slothful servant in recompense for keeping back the talent: especially if you have been bold to ask for and receive temporal benefits from those upon whom you have not thought good to bestow any gifts of the heavenly bounty." + }, + { + "id": 3199, + "la": "Cum enim Dominus mittens ad evangelizandum discipulos dixisset: Euntes autem praedicate dicentes quia appropinquat regnum coelorum:", + "en": "For when the Lord, in sending out His disciples to preach the Gospel, had said: And as ye go, preach, saying that the kingdom of heaven is at hand;1" + }, + { + "id": 3200, + "la": "paulo post subiunxit, dicens: Gratis accepistis, gratis date; nolite possidere aurum, neque argentum.", + "en": "a little after he added: Freely ye have received, freely give: provide neither gold nor silver:" + }, + { + "id": 3201, + "la": "Si ergo illos gratis Evangelium praedicare iussit, neque aurum vel argentum, vel aliquid pecuniae temporalis ab eis quibus praedicabant accipere permisit: quid rogo illis qui his contraria gerunt periculi immineat?", + "en": "If then He bade them preach the Gospel freely, and did not suffer them to take either gold or silver, or any temporal profit, from those unto whom they preached; what peril, I ask, should threaten them that do the contrary?" + }, + { + "id": 3202, + "la": "Attende quid gravissimi sceleris illi commiserint qui et terrena ab auditoribus suis lucra diligentissime requirere, et pro eorum salute aeterna nihil omnino praedicando, vel exhortando, vel increpando, laboris impendere contendunt", + "en": "7. Consider the very grievous sin committed by them that are most diligent to seek earthly profit from their hearers, but yet strive not to spend any labour at all in preaching or exhortation or reproof to win their eternal salvation." + }, + { + "id": 3203, + "la": "Sollicite atque intentione curiosa, antistes dilectissime, perpende", + "en": "Weigh this carefully and with heedful attention, my beloved bishop." + }, + { + "id": 3204, + "la": "Audivimus enim, et fama est, quia multae villae ac viculi nostrae gentis in montibus sint inaccessis ac saltibus dumosis positi, ubi nunquam multis transeuntibus annis sit visus antistes, qui ibidem aliquid ministerii aut gratiae caelestis exhibuerit;", + "en": "For we have heard, and it is common report, that there are many hamlets and steadings of our nation, lying amongst inaccessible mountains and bosky valleys, where in the passing of many years no bishop hath been seen, which should perform some ministerial act or bestow some heavenly grace;" + }, + { + "id": 3205, + "la": "quorum tamen ne unus quidem a tributis antistiti reddendis esse possit immunis: nec solum talibus locis desit antistes qui manus impositione baptizatos confirmet, verum etiam omnis doctor qui eos vel fidei veritatem vel discretionem bonae ac malae actionis edoceat, absit", + "en": "and yet that not one of them may be exempted from paying tribute2 to the bishop; and that such places are not only without a bishop to confirm the baptized by the laying on of hands, but also without any teacher to instruct them either in the true faith or in the difference between right and wrong." + }, + { + "id": 3206, + "la": "Sicque fit, ut episcoporum quidam non solum gratis non evangelizent, vel manus fidelibus imponant;", + "en": "Hence it cometh to pass, that some bishops not only do not preach the Gospel freely or lay their hands upon the faithful," + }, + { + "id": 3207, + "la": "verum etiam, quod gravius est, accepta ab auditoribus suis pecunia, quam Dominus prohibuit, opus verbi quod dominus iussit exercere contemnant: quum Deo dilectus pontifex Samuel, longe aliter fecisse omni populo teste legatur", + "en": "but also (which is yet more grievous) by taking from their hearers the money which the Lord forbade, despise to do the work of the word which He commanded: although we read that Samuel the high priest beloved of God acted far otherwise by the testimony of all the people." + }, + { + "id": 3208, + "la": "Itaque conversatus, inquit, coram vobis ab adolescentia mea usque ad diem hanc, ecce praesto sum, loquimini de me coram Domino, et coram Christo eius, utrum bovem alicuius tulerim, an asinum, si quempiam calumniatus sum, si oppressi aliquem, si de manu cuiusquam munus accepi: et contemnam illud hodie, restituamque vobis.", + "en": "1 Wherefore having walked before you, he saith, from my childhood unto this day, behold, here I am: witness against me before the Lord and before His Anointed, whether I have taken any mans ox or ass, if I have defrauded any, if I have oppressed any, if I have received a bribe at any mans hand: and I will repent it this day and make restitution to you." + }, + { + "id": 3209, + "la": "Et dixerunt: Non es calumniatus nos, neque oppressisti, neque tulisti de manu alicuius quippiam.", + "en": "And they said: Thou hast not defrauded us, nor oppressed us, neither hast thou taken aught of any mans hand." + }, + { + "id": 3210, + "la": "Cuius innocentiae ac iustitiae merito, inter primos populi Dei duces et sacerdotes annumerari", + "en": "And by the deserving of his innocency and righteousness he was thought worthy to be reckoned among the foremost leaders and priests of the people of God," + }, + { + "id": 3211, + "la": "atque in precibus suis superno auditu atque alloquio dignus existere meruit, dicente Psalmographo:", + "en": "and to have hearing and speech from above when he prayed, as saith the Psalmist:2" + }, + { + "id": 3212, + "la": "Moyses et Aaron in sacerdotibus eius, et Samuel inter eos qui invocant nomen eius; invocabant Dominum et ipse exaudiebat eos, in columna nubis loquebatur ad eos.", + "en": "Moses and Aaron among his priests and Samuel among them that call upon His name; they called upon the Lord and He heard them, in the pillar of cloud He spake unto them." + }, + { + "id": 3213, + "la": "Si autem aliquid utilitatis fidelibus conferri manus impositione, qua Spiritus Sanctus accipitur, credimus et confitemur: constat e contrario, quod haec ipsa utilitas eis quibus manus impositio defuerit, abest", + "en": "8. Now if we believe and confess that some advantage is conveyed to believers by the laying on of hands, whereby the Holy Spirit is received: it is contrariwise plain that this selfsame advantage is lacking to them unto whom the laying on of hands is not granted." + }, + { + "id": 3214, + "la": "Cuius nimirum privatio boni ad quos amplius quam ad ipsos respicit antistites, qui illorum se promittunt esse praesules, quibus spiritalis officium praesulatus exhibere aut negligunt aut nequeunt?", + "en": "And who without doubt are to give account for this withholding of benefit more than those very bishops, which either omit or are unable to exercise the office of spiritual governance over them whose governors they promise to be?" + }, + { + "id": 3215, + "la": "Cuius totius facinoris nulla magis quam avaritia causa est", + "en": "And of all this evil-doing nothing is more cause than greed." + }, + { + "id": 3216, + "la": "Contra quam disputans apostolus, in quo Christus loquebatur, aiebat: Radix omnium malorum est cupiditas.", + "en": "Contending against the which the apostle in whom Christ spake, said:3 The love of money is the root of all evil." + }, + { + "id": 3217, + "la": "Et rursum: Neque avari, inquit, regnum Dei possidebunt.", + "en": "And again:1 The covetous, he saith, shall not inherit the kingdom of God." + }, + { + "id": 3218, + "la": "Quum enim antistes dictante amore pecuniae maiorem populi partem, quam ulla ratione per totum anni spatium peragrare praedicando aut circuire valuerit, in nomen sui praesulatus assumpserit, satis exitiale et sibimet ipsi, et illis quibus falso praesulis nomine praelatus est, comprobatur concinnare periculum", + "en": "For when a bishop moved of the love of money hath taken under title of his prelacy more people than he can by any means within the space of one year pass through and preach unto, or go about and visit, he is plainly shewn to be the cause of a peril which shall be right ruinous both to himself and to those over whom he hath been preferred with the false title of prelate." + }, + { + "id": 3219, + "la": "Haec tuae sanctati, dilectissime antistes, paucis de calamitate qua nostra gens miserrime laborat insinuans, obsecro sedulus, ut haec quae perversissime agi conspicis, quantum vales ad rectam vitae normam revocare contendas", + "en": "9. In speaking thus in few words, beloved bishop, to your holiness touching the calamity under which our nation so miserably suffereth, I earnestly entreat you to strive with all your might to call back to the right rule of life such things as you plainly see to be most corruptly done." + }, + { + "id": 3220, + "la": "Habes enim, ut credo, promptissimum tam iusti laboris adiutorem, regem videlicet Ceoluulfum, qui et pro insita sibi dilectione religionis, quicquid ad regulam pietatis pertinet, firma protinus intentione adiuvare curabit, et maxime illa quae tu quum sis propinquus illius amantissimus bona coeperis, ipse ut perficiantur opitulabitur", + "en": "For you have, as I believe a most ready helper for this righteous travail in king Ceolwulf, which out of the love of religion engrafted in him will endeavour forthwith of strong purpose to further whatsoever appertaineth to the rule of godliness, and especially will of himself forward the accomplishment of the good work which you, being his well-beloved kinsman,2 have begun." + }, + { + "id": 3221, + "la": "Quapropter velim solerter illum admoneas, ut in diebus vestris statum nostrae gentis ecclesiasticum in melius quam hactenus fuerat instaurare curet", + "en": "Wherefore I would have you admonish him carefully that in this your day he shall endeavour to bring the ecclesiastical life of our nation into a better state than heretofore." + }, + { + "id": 3222, + "la": "Quod non alio magis ut mihi videtur potest ordine perfici, quam si plures nostrae genti consecrentur antistites, exemplumque sequamini legislatoris, qui quum solus iurgia ac pondus Israeliticae plebis sustinere non posset, elegit sibi divino adiustus consilio, et consecravit septuaginta seniores quorum ope atque consilio impositum sibi onus ferre levius posset", + "en": "And I see none other way whereby this may better be brought about than by consecrating more bishops for our people, following the example of the lawgiver, who, when he could not by himself endure the burden of the strifes of the people of Israel, with the help of the divine counsel, chose out for himself and consecrated 70 elders, by whose aid and counsel he might more easily bear the weight that was laid upon him." + }, + { + "id": 3223, + "la": "Quis enim non videat quanto sit melius tam enorme pondus ecclesiastici regiminis in plures, qui hoc dispertitum facilius ferant, dividi, quam unum sub fasce quem portare non possit opprimi", + "en": "For who cannot see how much better it is for so vast a burden of ecclesiastical governance to be shared among a number which can bear it more readily when thus distributed, than for one man to be overwhelmed beneath a load which he cannot carry?" + }, + { + "id": 3224, + "la": "Nam et sanctus papa Gregorius, quum de fide nostrae gentis quae adhuc futura et conservanda erat in Christo ad beatissimum archiepiscopum Augustinum missis literis disputaret, duodecim in ea episcopos, postquam ad fidem venirent, ordinandos esse decrevit;", + "en": "For the holy pope Gregory too in a letter1 that he wrote to the most blessed archbishop Augustine concerning the keeping of the faith of our people in Christ, before it had been yet received of them, appointed that, as soon as they were come to the faith, 12 bishops should be there ordained," + }, + { + "id": 3225, + "la": "in quibus Eburacensis antistes, accepto a sede apostolica pallio, metropolitanus esse deberet", + "en": "among whom the bishop of York was to be metropolitan, receiving his pall from the apostolic see." + }, + { + "id": 3226, + "la": "Quem profecto numerum episcoporum velim modo tua sancta paternitas, patrocinante praesidio piissimi ac Deo dilecti regis praefati, solerter implere contendat, quatenus abundante numero magistrorum, perfectius ecclesia Christi in his quae ad cultum sacrae religionis pertinent, instituatur", + "en": "And I could truly be content now that your holy paternity, with the protection of the help of the aforesaid most godly king beloved of God, shall diligently endeavour to complete this number of bishops, in order that through an increase in the number of its masters, the Church of Christ may be more perfectly furnished in the things which appertain to the worship of our holy religion." + }, + { + "id": 3227, + "la": "Et quidem novimus quia per incuriam regum praecedentium donationesque stultissimas factum est, ut non facile locus vacans ubi sedes episcopalis nova fieri debeat, inveniri valeat", + "en": "All the same we know that by reason of the neglect of former kings and the exceeding folly of their grants, a void place may not easily be found wherein the see of a new bishopric shall be made." + }, + { + "id": 3228, + "la": "Quapropter commodum duxerim, habito maiori concilio et consensu, pontificali simul et regali edicto, prospiciatur locus aliquis monasteriorum ubi sedes episcopalis fiat", + "en": "10. Wherefore I should deem it convenient if, after holding a greater council and obtaining its consent, by an edict of the bishop as well as of the king, some place belonging to the monasteries be looked for, where the see of a bishopric may be had.2" + }, + { + "id": 3229, + "la": "Et ne forte abbas vel monachi huic decreto contraire ac resistere tentaverint, detur illis licentia, ut de suis ipsi eligant eum qui episcopus ordinetur, et adiacentium locorum quotquot ad eandem dioecesim pertineant, una cum ipso monasterio curam gerat episcopalem:", + "en": "And lest perchance the abbot and monks make endeavour to withstand and resist such a decree, let them have leave themselves to choose one of their number to be ordained bishop and have the episcopal charge over all the places adjoining, which appertain to the same diocese, as well as over the said monastery:" + }, + { + "id": 3230, + "la": "aut si forte in ipso monasterio qui episcopus ordinari debeat inveniri nequeat, in ipsorum tamen iuxta statuta canonum pendeat examine, qui de sua dioecesi ordinetur antistes", + "en": "or, if it shall happen that in the said monastery none can be found meet to be ordained bishop, yet in accordance with the ordinances of the canons let it still rest with them to settle upon enquiry who from their diocese shall be ordained bishop." + }, + { + "id": 3231, + "la": "Quod si hoc, ita ut suggerimus, Domino adiuvante, perfeceris, facillime etiam, ut arbitramur, hoc obtinebis, ut iuxta decreta sedis apostolicae Eboracensis ecclesia metropolitanum possit habere pontificem", + "en": "And if, with the Lords help, you do this as we do signify, you will, as we think, very easily obtain that the church of York may have its metropolitan pontiff,1 in accordance with the decrees of the apostolic see." + }, + { + "id": 3232, + "la": "Ac si opus esse visum fuerit, ut tali monasterio, causa episcopatus suscipiendi, amplius aliquid locorum ac possessionum augeri debeat, sunt loca innumera, ut novimus omnes, in monasteriorum ascripta vocabulum, sed nihil prorsus monasticae conversations habentia:", + "en": "And if, in order to maintain a bishopric, it shall be found necessary that such a monastery receive some farther increase of territory or possessions, there are, as we all know, innumerable places reckoned under the name of monasteries which yet have no mark at all of monastical life and conversation:" + }, + { + "id": 3233, + "la": "e quibus velim aliqua de luxuria ad castitatem, de vanitate ad veritatem, de intemperantia ventris et gulae ad continentiam et pietatem cordis synodica auctoritate transferantur, atque in adiutorium sedis episcopalis quae nuper ordinari debeat assumantur", + "en": "of the which I would have some brought over, by authority of the synod, from wantonness to chastity, from vanity to verity, from greed and gluttony to continence and godliness of heart, and used for the furtherance of the episcopal see which is newly to be established." + }, + { + "id": 3234, + "la": "Et quia huiusmodi maxima et plurima sunt loca, quae, ut vulgo dici solet, neque Deo neque hominibus utilia sunt, quia videlicet neque regularis secundum Deum ibidem vita servatur, neque illa milites sive comites secularium potestatum qui gentem nostram a barbaris defendant possident: si quis in eisdem ipsis locis pro necessitate temporum sedem episcopatus constituat, non culpam praevaricationis incurrere, sed opus virtutis magis agere probabitur", + "en": "11. And because there are very many large places of this sort which, as it is commonly reported, are serviceable neither to God nor man, to wit, because neither is the regular life according to God kept in them, nor do they have in them soldiers or thanes of the secular powers to defend our nation from barbarians:2 if anyone, to meet present needs, set up the see of a bishopric in these same places, he shall not be held to come under guilt of transgression, but rather to be performing a virtuous act." + }, + { + "id": 3235, + "la": "Quomodo enim in peccatum reputari potest, si iniusta principum iudicia recto meliorum principum examine corrigantur: ac mendax stilus scribarum iniquorum discreta prudentium sacerdotum sententia deleatur ac redigatur in nihilum, iuxta exemplum sacrae historiae, quae tempora regum Iudae a David et Salomone usque ad ultimum Zedechiam describens, nonnullos quidem in eis religiosos, sed plures reprobos extitisse designat,", + "en": "For how can it be reckoned sinful if the unrighteous judgments of some princes be amended with the right judgment of better princes, and the lying pen of unjust scribes be blotted out and brought to naught by the sober utterance of wise priests; after the example of sacred history which, in setting forth the times of the kings of Judah from David and Solomon down to the last king Zedekiah, declareth that, while some among them were religious, yet many more were reprobate," + }, + { + "id": 3236, + "la": "vicibusque alternantibus nunc impios bonorum qui ante se fuerant facta reprobare, nunc e contrario iustos impiorum qui se praecesserant gesta nociva, prout iustum erat, iuvante se Dei spiritu, per prophetas sanctos ac sacerdotes omni instantia correxisse;", + "en": "and that succeeding one another in turn, at one time the wicked did reject the acts of the good which had been before them, whereas at another time contrariwise the just, as was right, with the help of the spirit of God, by the means of the holy prophets and priests, did zealously correct the harmful doings of their unrighteous predecessors;" + }, + { + "id": 3237, + "la": "iuxta illud beati Esaiae praecipientis atque dicentis, Dissolve obligationes violentarum commutationum", + "en": "according to that bidding of the blessed Isaiah which saith:1 Loose the bonds of exchanges made by force." + }, + { + "id": 3238, + "la": "Dimitte confractos in remissionem, et omnem conscriptionem iniquam disrumpe.", + "en": "Set free them that are oppressed, and tear up every unjust record of agreement." + }, + { + "id": 3239, + "la": "Quo exemplo, tuam quoque sanctitatem decet cum religioso rege nostrae gentis, irreligiosa, et iniqua priorum gesta atque scripta convellere, et ea quae provinciae nostrae, sive secundum Deum, sive secundum seculum sint utilia, prospicere:", + "en": "Following which example, it beseemeth your holiness also, with the help of the devout king of our nation, to tear in pieces the ungodly and unrighteous acts and charters of former princes, and to provide such things as may benefit our province, whether according to God or according to this world:" + }, + { + "id": 3240, + "la": "ne nostris temporibus vel religione cessante, amor timorque interni deseratur inspectoris, vel rarescente copia militiae secularis, absint qui fines nostros a barbarica incursione tueantur", + "en": "lest either religion die out in our day and with it be laid aside the love and fear of the inward overseer, or else the number of our secular armies diminish and there be none to defend our coasts from the invasion of barbarians." + }, + { + "id": 3241, + "la": "Quod enim turpe est dicere, tot sub nomine monasteriorum loca hi qui monasticae vitae prorsus sunt expertes in suam ditionem acceperunt, sicut ipsi melius nostis, ut omnino desit locus, ubi filii nobilium aut emeritorum militum possessionem accipere possint:", + "en": "For though it is a shame to speak of, yet, as you yourselves very well know, these men, which are utterly ignorant of the monastical life, have made subject unto them so many places under the name of monasteries, that there is no place at all where the sons of nobles, or of soldiers which have ended their service, can find a possession;" + }, + { + "id": 3242, + "la": "ideoque vacantes ac sine coniugio, exacto tempore pubertatis, nullo continentiae proposito perdurent, atque hanc ob rem vel patriam suam pro qua militare debuerant trans mare abeuntes relinquant;", + "en": "and accordingly when they have reached mans estate they continue in idleness and unmarried, without any purpose of abstinence; and for this reason either pass oversea and leave their native land for which they ought to fight," + }, + { + "id": 3243, + "la": "vel maiore scelere atque impudentia, qui propositum castitatis non habent, luxuriae ac fornicationi deserviant, neque ab ipsis sacratis Deo virginibus abstineant", + "en": "or with yet greater sin and shamelessness they which have no purpose of chastity abandon themselves to fornication and lust, and refrain not even from the virgins dedicated to God." + }, + { + "id": 3244, + "la": "At alii graviore adhuc flagitio, quum sint ipsi laici et nullius vitae regularis vel usu exerciti, vel amore praediti, data regibus pecunia, emunt sibi sub praetextu monasteriorum construendorum territoria in quibus suae liberius vacent libidini, et haec insuper in ius sibi haereditarium edictis regalibus faciunt ascribi, ipsas quoque literas privilegiorum suorum quasi veraciter Deo dignas, pontificum, abbatum et potestatum seculi obtinent subscriptione confirmari", + "en": "12. But there are others guilty of yet more grievous sin; which, albeit themselves laymen and neither accustomed to any rule of religious life nor having any love thereof, give money to kings and, under pretence of founding monasteries, buy for themselves lands where they may more freely have opportunity for their lust, and these beside they get assigned unto them by royal edicts for an hereditary possession,1 and procure too even letters of their privileges (as if such were truly worthy of God) with confirmation of the hands of pontiffs, abbots and the powers of the world." + }, + { + "id": 3245, + "la": "Sicque usurpatis sibi agellulis sive vicis, liberi exinde a divino simul et humano servitio, suis tantum inibi desideriis laici monachis imperantes deserviunt: imo non monachos ibi congregant, sed quoscunque ob culpam inobedientiae veris expulsos monasteriis alicubi forte oberrantes invenerint, aut evocare monasteriis ipsi valuerint; vel certe quos ipsi de suis satellitibus ad suscipiendam tonsuram promissa sibi obedientia monachica invitare quiverint", + "en": "And thus they take possession of plots of land or villages, and henceforth are quit of service to God as well as man, and being laymen exercise lordship over monks therein, and are obedient only to their own lusts: nay, rather, it is not monks that they assemble there, but either any such as having been driven out of true monasteries for the sin of disobedience, they chance to find wandering to and fro, or those whom they themselves have power to entice from their houses;2 or else at any rate those of their own following whom they may bring to receive the tonsure with promise of monastical obedience to themselves." + }, + { + "id": 3246, + "la": "Horum distortis cohortibus, suas quas instruxere cellas implent, multumque informi atque inaudito spectaculo, iidem ipsi viri modo coniugis ac liberorum procreandorum curam gerunt, modo exsurgentes de cubilibus quid intra septa monasteriorum geri debeat, sedula intentione pertractant", + "en": "With these perverse companies they fill the cells that they have built, and (a wonderful and horrible thing to behold!)1 the very same men are at one time occupied with their wives and begetting of children, and at another, rising from their beds, they diligently set themselves to be occupied with necessary business within the bounds of the monasteries." + }, + { + "id": 3247, + "la": "Quin etiam suis coniugibus simili impudentia construendis, ut ipsi aiunt, monasteriis loca conquirunt, quae pari stultitia cum sint laicae, famularum se Christi permittunt esse rectrices", + "en": "Nay, with like shamelessness they even seek out places, as they themselves say, for founding monasteries for their wives, which with equal folly, albeit they are but lay women, suffer themselves to become rulers of the handmaids of Christ." + }, + { + "id": 3248, + "la": "Quibus apte convenit illud vulgi proverbium: quia vespae favos quidem facere cum possint, non tamen in his mella, sed potius venena thesaurizent", + "en": "To the which the common proverb fittingly applieth: that wasps, though they may indeed build cells, yet do they not store up honey but rather poison therein." + }, + { + "id": 3249, + "la": "Sic per annos circiter triginta, hoc est, ex quo Aldfrid rex humanis rebus ablatus est, provincia nostra vesano illo errore dementata est, ut nullus pene exinde praefectorum extiterit qui non huiusmodi sibi monasterium in diebus suae praefecturae comparaverit, suamque simul coniugem pari reatu nocivi mercatus astrinxerit: ac praevalente pessima consuetudine ministri quoque regis ac famuli idem facere sategerint", + "en": "13. Thus for about 30 years, from the time, that is, when king Aldfrid was taken away from the affairs of men, our province hath been distracted with this perverse madness; so that from that day there hath been scarce a single reeve which hath not during the time of his office provided for himself a monastery of this sort, and at the same time bound his wife in the like guilt of mischievous traffic; and the force of this vile custom continuing, the thanes also and servants of the king have been very forward to follow the same." + }, + { + "id": 3250, + "la": "Atque ita ordine perverso innumeri sint inventi, qui se abbates pariter et praefectos sive ministros aut famulos regis appellant, qui etsi aliquid vitae monasterialis ediscere laici non experiendo sed audiendo potuerint, a persona tamen illa ac professione quae hanc docere debeat, sunt funditus exsortes", + "en": "And so from a corruption of due order very many have been found, which call themselves alike abbots, reeves, and thanes or servants of the king, and which, albeit being laymen they might have learned something of the monastical life by hearsay if not of experience, yet are utterly without part in the character or profession whose duty is to teach it." + }, + { + "id": 3251, + "la": "Et quidem tales repente, ut nosti, tonsuram pro suo libitu accipiunt, suo examine de laicis non monachi, sed abbates efficiuntur", + "en": "It is true such men, as you know, receive the tonsure suddenly of their own pleasure, and of their own judgment are turned from laymen, not merely into monks but into abbots." + }, + { + "id": 3252, + "la": "Sed quia praefatae virtutis nec notitiam probantur habere nec studium, quid his aliud quam evangelica convenit maledictio illa, qua dicitur:", + "en": "But being found to have neither knowledge nor love of the aforesaid virtue, what else is fitly said of them but that curse pronounced in the Gospel:1" + }, + { + "id": 3253, + "la": "Caecus si caeco ducatum praestet, ambo in foveam cadunt?", + "en": "If the blind lead the blind, do not both fall into the ditch?" + }, + { + "id": 3254, + "la": "Quae nimirum caecitas posset aliquando terminari, ac regulari disciplina cohiberi, et de finibus sanctae ecclesiae cunctis pontificali ac synodica auctoritate procul expelli, si non ipsi pontifices magis huiusmodi sceleribus opem ferre atque astipulari probarentur:", + "en": "Which blindness surely might be brought within bounds and checked with regular discipline, and driven from the borders of the holy Church by the authority of bishop and synod, if the bishops themselves were not found rather to help and consent to this kind of wickedness:" + }, + { + "id": 3255, + "la": "qui non solummodo huiusmodi decreta iniusta iustis infringere decretis non curant, verum suis potius subscriptionibus, ut praefati sumus, confirmare satagunt: eadem ipsis philargyria dictante, ad confirmandum male scripta, qua emptores ad comparandum huiusmodi monasteria coacti", + "en": "the which not only take no pains to overthrow unjust decrees of this sort with just ones, but are forward, as we said, rather to confirm them by the writing of their own hands: the same covetousness moving them to confirm the evil agreements, as compelleth the buyers to establish monasteries of this sort." + }, + { + "id": 3256, + "la": "Multa quidem adhuc tibi possem de his et huiusmodo praevaricationibus quibus nostra provincia miserrime vexatur, his intimare literis, si non teipsum nossem haec eadem certissime cognovisse", + "en": "There are yet many things I could have told you in this letter concerning these and the like transgressions with which our province is most miserably distressed, did I not know that you are yourself fully aware of them." + }, + { + "id": 3257, + "la": "Nam neque haec ita scripsi, quasi certissime te ea quae antea nescires essem docturus, sed ut te amica exhortatione commonerem, ea quae optime noveras errata diligenti prout vales instantia corrigere", + "en": "Nor have I written what I have, as though I were going to make you assured of such things as you did not know before, but in order to warn you by a friendly exhortation to amend, with all the zeal and care you can command, the misdeeds of which you very well know." + }, + { + "id": 3258, + "la": "Et iam iamque te multum deprecor atque obtestor in Domino, ut commissum tibi gregem sedulus ab irruentium luporum improbitate tuearis: teque non mercenarium, sed pastorem constitutum esse memineris, qui amorem summi Pastoris solerti ovium ipsius pastione demonstres, proque eisdem ovibus, si ita res poposcerit, cum beato apostolorum principe animam ponere paratus sis", + "en": "14. And again and again I fervently pray and beseech you in the Lord, zealously to guard the flock committed to your charge from the ravening wolves which fall upon it; and to remember that you are appointed to be no hireling but a shepherd, proving your love of the great Shepherd by your careful feeding of His sheep, and ready, if need be, to lay down your life for the sheep, as did the blessed chief of the apostles." + }, + { + "id": 3259, + "la": "Precor sollicite praecaveas, ne cum idem princeps apostolorum ceterique fidelium gregum duces in die iudicii maximum suae pastoralis curae fructum Christo obtulerint, tuarum aliqua pars ovium inter haedos ad sinistram Iudicis secerni, atque in aeternum cum maledictione mereatur ire supplicium:", + "en": "I pray you earnestly to beware lest, when that same chief of the apostles and the other leaders of faithful flocks offer to Christ in the day of judgment the fruits of their pastoral care, some part of your sheep be found deserving to be set aside with the goats on the left hand of the Judge, and go under a curse into everlasting punishment;" + }, + { + "id": 3260, + "la": "quin potius ipse tune eorum numero merearis ascribi, de quibus ait Esaias: Minimus erit inter mille, et parvulus inter gentem fortissimam.", + "en": "but may you rather deserve to be numbered with those of whom Isaiah speaketh:1 The least shall be among a thousand, and a little one among a mighty nation." + }, + { + "id": 3261, + "la": "Tui namque est officii diligentissime prospicere, quid in singulis monasteriis tuae parochiae recti, quid perversi geratur:", + "en": "For it is your duty most diligently to examine what is done aright and what is done amiss in the several monasteries of your diocese:" + }, + { + "id": 3262, + "la": "ne vel abbas regularum inscius aut contemptor, vel abbatissa minus digna famulorum famularumve Christi praeponatur examini, nec rursum provisioni spiritualium magistrorum contemptrix et indisciplinata contumacium auditorum turba resultet;", + "en": "that there be no abbot which doth not know, or which despiseth rules, or unworthy abbess, set over the company of the servants or handmaids of Christ, or again that no scornful and unruly crowd of rebellious hearers rise up against the ordering of their spiritual masters;" + }, + { + "id": 3263, + "la": "maxime quia, sicut vulgo fertur, dicere estis soliti, quod non ad regum curam, non ad aliquorum saeculi principum causam, sed ad vestram tantummodo antistitum inquisitionem atque examen, quid in singulis monasteriis agatur pertineat, nisi forte in monasteriis quilibet in ipsos principes peccasse comprobetur but to yourselves alone, unless perchance anyone within the monastery be found to have offended against the princes themselves", + "en": "especially because you the bishops, according to common report, are wont to say, that the examination and enquiry into what appertaineth to be done in the several monasteries belongeth not to the charge of kings nor to the cause of any of the princes of the world," + }, + { + "id": 3264, + "la": "Tui, inquam, est officii procurare ne in locis Deo consecratis diabolus sibi regnum usurpet, ne pro pace discordia, pro pietate iurgia, pro sobrietate ebrietas, pro charitate et castitate fornicationes et homicidia sibi sedem vindicent:", + "en": "It is your duty, I say, to take heed that in places consecrated to God the devil seize not the rule for himself, lest discoid instead of peace, strife instead of godliness, drunkenness instead of temperance, fornication and murder instead of charity and chastity claim to have their dwelling therein;" + }, + { + "id": 3265, + "la": "ne apud te inveniantur aliqui, de quibus merito quaeratur ac dicatur:", + "en": "and that there be not found among you any of whom it may be deservedly enquired and said:1" + }, + { + "id": 3266, + "la": "vidi impios sepultos, qui cum adviverent, in loco sancto erant, et laudabantur in civitate, quasi iustorum operum.", + "en": "I saw the wicked buried, who in their lifetime were in the place of the holy, and were praised in the city as though they were men of just works." + }, + { + "id": 3267, + "la": "Eorum quoque qui in populari adhuc vita continentur solicitam te necesse est curam gerere, ut sicut in primordio huius epistolae praemonuimus, sufficientes eis doctores vitae salutaris adhibere memineris,", + "en": "15. You must needs also give careful heed to those who are still retained in the life of the world, remembering, as we forewarned you in the beginning of this letter, to provide for them sufficient teachers of wholesome living," + }, + { + "id": 3268, + "la": "et hoc eos inter alia discere facias, quibus operibus maxime Deo placere, a quibus se debeant qui Deo placere desiderant abstinere peccatis, qua cordis sinceritate in Deum credere, qua divinam clementiam supplicantes debeant devotione precari,", + "en": "and causing them among other things to learn with what works they ought to please God, and from what sins they which desire to please Him must refrain, with what singleness of heart they must believe in God, with what devoutness they must approach in prayer the Divine mercy," + }, + { + "id": 3269, + "la": "quam frequenti diligentia signaculo se Dominicae crucis suaque omnia adversum continuas immundorum spirituum insidias necesse habeant munire,", + "en": "with what often diligence they are bound with the sign of the Lords cross to fortify themselves and all that belongs to them against the unceasing wiles of unclean spirits," + }, + { + "id": 3270, + "la": "quam salutaris sit omni Christianorum generi quotidiana Dominici corporis ac sanguinis perceptio, iuxta quod ecclesiam Christi per Italiam, Galliam, Africam, Graeciam, ac totum Orientem solerter agere nosti", + "en": "how wholesome for every sort of Christian man it is to receive daily the Lords body and blood, according to the custom which, you know, is closely followed by the Church of Christ throughout Italy, France, Africa, Greece and all the East." + }, + { + "id": 3271, + "la": "Quod videlicet genus religionis, ac Deo devotae sanctificationis tam longe a cunctis pene nostrae provinciae laicis per incuriam docentium quasi prope peregrinum abest, ut hi qui inter illos religiosiores esse videntur,", + "en": "The which form of piety and devout sanctification to God is, through the neglect of their teachers, so far out of use and as it were foreign to almost all the laymen of our province, that those among them which seem to be more religious do not presume to communicate in the holy mysteries" + }, + { + "id": 3272, + "la": "non nisi in natali Domini et epiphania et pascha sacrosanctis mysteriis communicare praesumant, cum sint innumeri innocentes et castissimae conversationis pueri ac puellae, iuvenes et virgines, senes et anus,", + "en": "save on the day of the Lords Nativity, on the Epiphany, and on Easter Day; albeit there are great numbers of innocent boys and girls, youths and maidens, old men and women of pure life and conversation," + }, + { + "id": 3273, + "la": "qui absque ullo scrupulo controversiae, omni die Dominico, sive etiam in natalitiis sanctorum apostolorum, sive martyrum, quomodo ipse in sancta Romana et apostolica ecclesia fieri vidisti, mysteriis caelestibus communicare valeant", + "en": "who without any cause of debate might partake of the heavenly mysteries every Lords Day and also on the birthdays of the holy apostles and martyrs, as you yourself have seen done in the holy and apostolic church of Rome." + }, + { + "id": 3274, + "la": "Ipsi etiam coniugati, si quis sibi mensuram continentiae ostendat, et virtutem castitatis insinuet, idem et licenter possint, et libenter facere velint", + "en": "Yea, even married folk, if anyone would shew them measure of continence, and impart to them the virtue of purity of life, might both lawfully and would gladly do the same." + }, + { + "id": 3275, + "la": "Haec tibi, sanctissime antistes, et tuae dilectionis intuitu et generalis gratia utilitatis breviter adnotare studui, multum desiderans multumque exhortans, ut gentem nostram a vetustis abstrahere cures erroribus, et ad certiorem et directiorem vitae callem reducere satagas:", + "en": "16. These things, most holy bishop, both out of regard for your affection and for the sake of the common advantage, I have been careful to write unto you in few words, of my great desire and earnest exhortation that you endeavour to deliver our nation from errors of long season, and be forward to bring it back to a more sure and straighter way of life;" + }, + { + "id": 3276, + "la": "et si sunt aliqui cuiuslibet gradus sive ordinis viri, qui bona tua coepta retinere atque impedire conentur, tu tamen propositum sanctae virtutis, supernae memor retributionis, ad firmum usque finem perducere contendas", + "en": "and if there be some men, of whatsoever rank or degree, which shall set themselves to let and hinder your good beginning, do you nevertheless, remembering your heavenly recompense, strive to hold fast unto the end your holy and virtuous purpose." + }, + { + "id": 3277, + "la": "Scio namque nonnullos huic nostrae exhortationi multum contradicturos, et maxime eos qui seipsos illis facinoribus a quibus te prohibemus, esse sentiunt irretitos:", + "en": "For I know that there are some which will vehemently withstand this exhortation of ours, especially those who feel that they are themselves entangled in such evil doing from which we would restrain you;" + }, + { + "id": 3278, + "la": "sed meminisse te decet apostolicae responsionis, quia obedire oportet Deo magis quam hominibus.", + "en": "but it becometh you to remember the apostolical answer,1 that we ought to obey God rather than men." + }, + { + "id": 3279, + "la": "Mandatum quippe est Dei: Vendite quae possidetis, et date eleemosynam.", + "en": "For it is Gods commandment: Sell that ye have and give alms.2" + }, + { + "id": 3280, + "la": "Et: Nisi quis renuntiaverit omnibus quae possidet, non potest meus esse discipulus.", + "en": "And: Unless a man give up all that he hath, he cannot be My disciple." + }, + { + "id": 3281, + "la": "Traditio autem moderna quorundam est, qui se Dei famulos esse profitentur, non solum possessa non vendere, verum etiam comparare non habita", + "en": "But a new tradition is made of certain men which, professing themselves to be servants of God, not only do not sell what they have, but also get them possessions that they have not." + }, + { + "id": 3282, + "la": "Qua ergo fronte audet quisquam ad servitium Domini accessurus, vel ea quae in saeculari vita habuerat retentare, vel sub praetextu vitae sanctioris illas quas non habuerat congregare divitias:", + "en": "With what face then durst a man which would approach the service of God either retain the wealth which he had in his secular life, or heap up such wealth as he had not before under the pretence of a more holy life:" + }, + { + "id": 3283, + "la": "cum etiam apostolica sit notissima censura, quae Ananiam et Sapphiram hoc facere molientes, non ullo poenitentiae vel satisfactionis remedio corrigere, sed ipsa statim mortis ultricis acceleravit damnatione punire?", + "en": "seeing too the judgment of the apostles is well known, which, when Ananias and Sapphira devised to do this, forbare to rectify them with any remedy of penance or making amends, but swiftly punished them with sentence of immediate death to avenge their sin?" + }, + { + "id": 3284, + "la": "Et quidem illi non aliena colligere, sed sua incongrue retinere maluerunt", + "en": "Yet these two did not wish to gain the possession of other, but to keep their own otherwise than was agreed." + }, + { + "id": 3285, + "la": "Unde manifeste patet, quam longe abstiterit animus apostolorum a suscipiendis pecuniarum acquisitionibus, qui sub illa proprie regula Domino serviebant:", + "en": "Whence it is manifest how far it was from the mind of the apostles to make gain of money, serving the Lord as they did especially under the rule:1" + }, + { + "id": 3286, + "la": "Beati pauperes, quia vestrum est regnum Dei: et e contra, partis sinistrae proposito nihilominus instituebantur exemplo:", + "en": "Blessed are ye poor, for yours is the kingdom of heaven: and contrariwise they were none the less instructed by the example set up of the adverse side:" + }, + { + "id": 3287, + "la": "Vae vobis divitibus, quia habetis consolationem vestram.", + "en": "Woe unto you that are rich, for ye have received your consolation." + }, + { + "id": 3288, + "la": "An forte errasse ac mendacium scripsisse putamus apostolum, cum nos admonens dicebat: Fratres, nolite errare;", + "en": "Or are we to think that the apostle was deceived and wrote a lie when he wrote for our warning:2 Brethren, be not deceived?" + }, + { + "id": 3289, + "la": "statimque subtexuit: Neque avari, neque ebriosi, neque rapaces regnum Dei possidebunt.", + "en": "immediately adding thereto: Neither the covetous, nor drunkards, nor extortioners shall inherit the kingdom of heaven." + }, + { + "id": 3290, + "la": "Et iterum: Hoc autem scitote, quod omnis fornicator, aut immundus, aut avarus, aut rapax, quod est idolorum servitus, non habet haereditatem in regno Christi et Dei.", + "en": "And again:3 But know ye this, that no whoremonger, nor unclean person, nor covetous man, nor extortioner, who is an idolater, hath any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God." + }, + { + "id": 3291, + "la": "Cum ergo apostolus avaritiam et rapacitatem idolatriam manifeste cognominet, quomodo putandum est eos errasse, qui vel subscriptioni avari mercatus, rege licet imperante, manum subtraxerint, vel ad eradendas inutiles scripturas ac subscriptiones eorum, manum apposuerint?", + "en": "When, therefore, the apostle openly calleth avarice and covetousness, idolatry, how ought we to consider them to be deceived, who have either withheld their hand from subscription to covetous traffic, albeit commanded of the king, or have set their hand to the blotting out of these vain writings and subscriptions?" + }, + { + "id": 3292, + "la": "Et quidem miranda est temeritas stultorum, vel potius deflenda miseria caecorum, qui cum sine ullo respectu superni timoris, passim ea quae apostoli et prophetae afflatu sancti spiritus scripserunt, rescindere ac nihili pendere probantur:", + "en": "17. And wonderful truly is the rash folly, or rather lamentable and wretched blindness, of those who without any regard to the fear of heaven are shewn everywhere to abolish and make light of what the apostles and prophets have written by inspiration of the Holy Spirit:" + }, + { + "id": 3293, + "la": "illud e contra, quod ipsi vel similes ipsorum instinctu avaritiae vel luxuriae scripserunt, quasi sanctum ac divinitus cautum eradere atque emendare formidant, in morem, ni fallor, ethnicorum,", + "en": "yet, on the other hand, shrink from blotting out and correcting what they themselves or men like them have written at the prompting of greed or luxury, as though it were a holy thing and one given of divine ordinance, the which men are, if I mistake not, like the heathen who," + }, + { + "id": 3294, + "la": "qui contempto Dei cultu ea quae ipsi sibi de corde suo finxerunt ac fecerunt, numina venerantur, timent, colunt, adorant, et obsecrant, Dominica illa insectatione dignissimi, qua Pharisaeos cum suas deuteroses Legi Dei praeponerent, redarguit, dicens:", + "en": "despising the worship of God, reverence, fear, worship, adore and supplicate those deities which they have made and fashioned for themselves out of their own imagination, and altogether deserve the rebuke with which our Lord reproved the Pharisees, when they preferred their own traditions1 to the Law of God, saying:2" + }, + { + "id": 3295, + "la": "Quare et vos transgredimini mandatum Dei propter traditionem vestram?", + "en": "Why do ye also transgress the commandment of God for the sake of your tradition?" + }, + { + "id": 3296, + "la": "Qui si etiam chartas protulerint in defensionem concupiscentiarum suarum adscriptas, ac nobilium personarum subscriptione confirmatas;", + "en": "And if further they shall bring forward charters drawn up for the protection of their lusts, and confirmed by the subscription of noble persons;" + }, + { + "id": 3297, + "la": "tu nunquam precor Dominicae sanctionis obliviscaris, in qua dicitur, Omnis plantatio quam non plantavit Pater meus caelestis eradicabitur.", + "en": "do not you, I beseech you, ever forget the Lords ordinance which saith:3 Every plant which My heavenly Father hath not planted, shall be rooted up." + }, + { + "id": 3298, + "la": "Et certe a te discere vellem, sanctissime antistes, Domino protestante atque dicente, quia,", + "en": "And verily I would fain learn of you, most holy bishop (seeing the Lord declareth and saith:4" + }, + { + "id": 3299, + "la": "lata porta et spatiosa via est quae ducit ad perditionem, et multi sunt qui intrant per eam:", + "en": "Wide is the gate and broad is the way which leadeth to destruction, and many there be which go in thereat:" + }, + { + "id": 3300, + "la": "cum angusta porta et arcta via sit, quae ducit ad vitam, et pauci sint qui inveniant eam:", + "en": "because strait is the gate and narrow is the way which leadeth unto life, and few there be that find it):" + }, + { + "id": 3301, + "la": "quid de eorum vita vel salute aeterna confidas, qui toto vitae suae tempore per latam portam et spatiosam viam incedere noscuntur,", + "en": "what confidence you have of the eternal life and salvation of those who are known to be walking all the days of their life through the wide gate and in the broad way," + }, + { + "id": 3302, + "la": "et ne in minimis quidem rebus voluptati suae vel corporis vel animi causa supernae retributionis obsistere vel repugnare curabant:", + "en": "and who not even in the smallest matters endeavoured to withstand and fight against the pleasure of either body or mind for the sake of recompense in heaven:" + }, + { + "id": 3303, + "la": "nisi forte per eleemosynas, quas inter concupiscentias quotidianas ac delicias pauperibus dare videbantur, criminibus absolvi posse credendi sunt,", + "en": "unless perchance we are to believe that they can be absolved from their offences by the alms which in the midst of their daily lust and enjoyments they were seen to bestow upon the poor," + }, + { + "id": 3304, + "la": "cum manus ipsa et conscientia quae manus offerat Deo, munda a peccatis esse debeat et absoluta;", + "en": "although the hand itself and the conscience which reacheth forth the hands to God ought to be purified and set free from sin;" + }, + { + "id": 3305, + "la": "aut certe per mysteria sacrosanctae oblationis, quibus ipsi dum viverent indigni extiterant, per alios iam mortui redimi posse sperandi sunt", + "en": "or unless we are at least to hope that when they are now dead they can be ransomed by other through the mysteries of the holy oblation,1 of the which in their lifetime they had shewn themselves unworthy." + }, + { + "id": 3306, + "la": "An forte illis permodica culpa videtur esse concupiscentiae?", + "en": "Or perchance the sin of lust seemeth to them a light one." + }, + { + "id": 3307, + "la": "De qua paulo latius disputem", + "en": "Of which matter let me discuss more fully." + }, + { + "id": 3308, + "la": "Haec Balaam virum prophetiae spiritu plenissimum a sorte sanctorum fecit extorrem,", + "en": "It was this that made Balaam, a man filled with the spirit of prophecy, to be shut out from the inheritance of the saints," + }, + { + "id": 3309, + "la": "Achan communione anathematis polluit ac perdidit,", + "en": "that defiled and ruined Achan for being partaker in the accursed thing," + }, + { + "id": 3310, + "la": "Saul regni infulis nudavit,", + "en": "that stripped Saul of his kingly crown," + }, + { + "id": 3311, + "la": "Giezi prophetiae meritis privavit ac perpetuae leprae peste cum suo semine foedavit,", + "en": "that took from Gehazi the due reward of prophecy and polluted him and his seed with the plague of continual leprosy," + }, + { + "id": 3312, + "la": "Iudam Iscariotem de apostolatus gloria deposuit, Ananiam et Sapphiram", + "en": "that brought down Judas Iscariot from the glory of the apostleship, that rendered Ananias and Sapphira," + }, + { + "id": 3313, + "la": "de quibus praediximus, monachorum collegio indignos etiam corporis morte mulctavit, et, ut ad superiora veniamus, haec angelos a caelo deiecit, et protoplastos a Paradiso perpetuae voluptatis expulit:", + "en": "of whom we have already spoken, unworthy of the company of monks,2 and punished them beside with bodily death, and, to go to higher things, it was this that cast down the angels from heaven, and drove our first parents from the Paradise of everlasting delight." + }, + { + "id": 3314, + "la": "et si nosse vis, hic est ille triceps inferorum canis, cui fabulae Cerberi nomen indiderunt, a cuius rabidis dentibus nos prohibens Iohannes apostolus ait:", + "en": "And, if you would know, this is that three-headed dog of the lowest pit, to which fables have given the name of Cerberus, from the rage of whose teeth the apostle John warneth us, saying:" + }, + { + "id": 3315, + "la": "Carissimi, nolite diligere mundum, neque ea quae in mundo sunt", + "en": "1 Dearly beloved, love not the world, neither the things that are in the world." + }, + { + "id": 3316, + "la": "Si quis diligit mundum, non est caritas Patris in eo", + "en": "If any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him." + }, + { + "id": 3317, + "la": "Quoniam omne quod in mundo est, concupiscentia carnis est, et concupiscentia oculorum et superbia vitae, quae non est ex Patre, sed ex mundo est.", + "en": "For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but of the world." + }, + { + "id": 3318, + "la": "Haec contra virus avaritiae breviter sunt dicta", + "en": "Such are the few words we have spoken against the poison of greed." + }, + { + "id": 3319, + "la": "Ceterum si de ebrietate, commessatione, luxuria, et ceteris huiusmodi contagionibus pari ratione tractare voluerimus, epistolae modus in immensum extenderetur", + "en": "But if I should wish to treat in like manner concerning drunkenness, revellings, wantonness, and all other plagues of this sort, the length of this letter would be beyond measure extended." + }, + { + "id": 3320, + "la": "Gratia te summi Pastoris ad pastionem ovium suarum salutiferam perpetuo conservet incolumem, dilectissime in Christo antistes", + "en": "May the grace of the chief Shepherd keep you continually in safety, bishop dearly beloved in Christ, for the wholesome feeding of His sheep." + }, + { + "id": 3321, + "la": "Scripta Nonas Novembris, indictione tertia", + "en": "Written on the 5th day of November, in the third indiction." + }, + { + "id": 3322, + "la": "Carmina qui quondam studio florente peregi, Flebilis heu maestos cogor inire modos", + "en": "Verses I made once glowing with content; Tearful, alas, sad songs must I begin." + }, + { + "id": 3323, + "la": "Ecce mihi lacerae dictant scribenda camenae Et veris elegi fletibus ora rigant", + "en": "See how the Muses grieftorn bid me write, And with unfeigned tears these elegies drench my face." + }, + { + "id": 3324, + "la": "Has saltem nullus potuit pervincere terror, Ne nostrum comites prosequerentur iter", + "en": "But them at least my fear that friends might tread my path Companions still Could not keep silent:" + }, + { + "id": 3325, + "la": "Gloria felicis olim viridisque iuventae Solantur maesti nunc mea fata senis", + "en": "they were once My green youths glory; now in my sad old age They comfort me." + }, + { + "id": 3326, + "la": "Venit enim properata malis inopina senectus Et dolor aetatem iussit inesse suam", + "en": "For age has come unlooked for, hastened by ills, And anguish sternly adds its years to mine;" + }, + { + "id": 3327, + "la": "Intempestivi funduntur vertice cani Et tremit effeto corpore laxa cutis", + "en": "My head is white before its time, my skin hangs loose About my tremulous frame: I am worn out." + }, + { + "id": 3328, + "la": "Mors hominum felix quae se nec dulcibus annis Inserit et maestis saepe vocata venit", + "en": "Death, if he come Not in the years of sweetness But often called to those who want to end their misery Is welcome." + }, + { + "id": 3329, + "la": "Eheu quam surda miseros avertitur aure Et flentes oculos claudere saeva negat", + "en": "My cries he does not hear; Cruel he will not close my weeping eyes." + }, + { + "id": 3330, + "la": "Dum levibus male fida bonis fortuna faveret, Paene caput tristis merserat hora meum", + "en": "While fortune favoured me' How wrong to count on swiftly-fading joys' Such an hour of bitterness might have bowed my head." + }, + { + "id": 3331, + "la": "Nunc quia fallacem mutavit nubila vultum, Protrahit ingratas impia vita moras", + "en": "Now that her clouded, cheating face is changed My cursed life drags on its long, unwanted days." + }, + { + "id": 3332, + "la": "Quid me felicem totiens iactastis amici? Qui cecidit, stabili non erat ille gradu", + "en": "Ah why, my friends, Why did you boast so often of my happiness? How faltering even then the step Of one now fallen." + }, + { + "id": 3333, + "la": "Haec dum mecum tacitus ipse reputarem querimoniamque lacrimabilem stili officio signarem, adstitisse mihi supra verticem visa est mulier reverendi admodum vultus, oculis ardentibus et ultra communem hominum valentiam perspicacibus colore vivido atque inexhausti vigoris, quamvis ita aevi plena foret ut nullo modo nostrae crederetur aetatis, statura discretionis ambiguae", + "en": "While I was thinking these thoughts to myself in silence, and set my pen to record this tearful com-plaint, there seemed to stand above my head a woman. Her look filled me with awe; her burning eyes penetrated more deeply than those of ordinary men; her complexion was fresh with an ever-lively bloom, yet she seemed so ancient that none would think her of our time. It was difficult to say how tall she might be," + }, + { + "id": 3334, + "la": "Nam nunc quidem ad communem sese hominum mensuram cohibebat, nunc vero pulsare caelum summi verticis cacumine videbatur;", + "en": "for at one time she seemed to confine herself to the ordinary measure of man, and at another the crown of her head touched the heavens;" + }, + { + "id": 3335, + "la": "quae cum altius caput extulisset, ipsum etiam caelum penetrabat respicientiumque hominum frustrabatur intuitum", + "en": "and when she lifted her head higher yet, she pene-trated the heavens themselves, and was lost to the sight of men." + }, + { + "id": 3336, + "la": "Vestes erant tenuissimis filis subtili artificio, indissolubili materia perfectae quas, uti post eadem prodente cognovi, suis manibus ipsa texuerat", + "en": "Her dress was made of very fine, imperishable thread, of delicate workmanship: she herself wove it, as I learned later, for she told me." + }, + { + "id": 3337, + "la": "Quarum speciem, veluti fumosas imagines solet, caligo quaedam neglectae vetustatis obduxerat", + "en": "Its form was shrouded by a kind of darkness of for-gotten years, like a smoke-blackened family statue in the atrium." + }, + { + "id": 3338, + "la": "Harum in extrema margine Graecum, in supremo vero , legebatur intextum", + "en": "On its lower border was woven the Greek letter (P), and on the upper, (Th),a" + }, + { + "id": 3339, + "la": "Atque inter utrasque litteras in scalarum modum gradus quidam insigniti videbantur quibus ab inferiore ad superius elementum esset ascensus", + "en": "and between the two letters steps were marked like a ladder, by which one might climb from the lower letter to the higher." + }, + { + "id": 3340, + "la": "Eandem tamen vestem violentorum quorundam sciderant manus et particulas quas quisque potuit abstulerant", + "en": "But violent hands had ripped this dress and torn away what bits they could." + }, + { + "id": 3341, + "la": "Et dextera quidem eius libellos, sceptrum vero sinistra gestabat", + "en": "In her right hand she carried a book, and in her left, a sceptre." + }, + { + "id": 3342, + "la": "Quae ubi poeticas Musas vidit nostro adsistentes toro fletibusque meis verba dictantes, commota paulisper ac torvis inflammata luminibus:", + "en": "Now when she saw the Muses of poetry standing by my bed, helping me to find words for my grief, she was disturbed for a moment, and then cried out with fiercely blazing eyes:" + }, + { + "id": 3343, + "la": "Quis, inquit, has scenicas meretriculas ad hunc aegrum permisit accedere quae dolores eius non modo nullis remediis foverent, verum dulcibus insuper alerent venenis?", + "en": "Who let these theatrical tarts in with this sick man? Not only have they no cures for his pain, but with their sweet poison they make it worse. These are they who choke the rich harvest of the fruits of reason with the barren thorns of passion. They accustom a mans mind to his ills, not rid him of them." + }, + { + "id": 3344, + "la": "Hae sunt enim quae infructuosis affectuum spinis uberem fructibus rationis segetem necant hominumque mentes assuefaciunt morbo, non liberant", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 3345, + "la": "At si quem profanum, uti vulgo solitum vobis, blanditiae vestrae detraherent, minus moleste ferendum putarem;", + "en": "If your enticements were distracting merely an unlettered man, as they usually do, I should not take it so seriously'" + }, + { + "id": 3346, + "la": "nihil quippe in eo nostrae operae laederentur", + "en": "after all, it would do no harm to us in our task'" + }, + { + "id": 3347, + "la": "Hunc vero Eleaticis atque Academicis studiis innutritum?", + "en": "but to distract this man, reared on a diet of Eleatic and Academic thought!" + }, + { + "id": 3348, + "la": "Sed abite potius Sirenes usque in exitium dulces meisque eum Musis curandum sanandumque relinquite.", + "en": "Get out, you Sirens, beguiling men straight to their destruction! Leave him to my Muses to care for and restore to health." + }, + { + "id": 3349, + "la": "His ille chorus increpitus deiecit humi maestior vultum confessusque rubore verecundiam limen tristis excessit", + "en": "Thus upbraided, that company of the Muses dejectedly hung their heads, confessing their shame by their blushes, and dismally left my room." + }, + { + "id": 3350, + "la": "At ego cuius acies lacrimis mersa caligaret nec dinoscere possem, quaenam haec esset mulier tam imperiosae auctoritatis, obstipui visuque in terram defixo quidnam deinceps esset actura, exspectare tacitus coepi", + "en": "I myself, since my sight was so dimmed with tears that I could not clearly see who this woman was of such commanding authority, was struck dumb, my eyes cast down; and I went on waiting in silence to see what she would do next." + }, + { + "id": 3351, + "la": "Tum illa propius accedens in extrema", + "en": "Then she came closer and sat on the end of" + }, + { + "id": 3352, + "la": "lectuli mei parte consedit meumque intuens vultum luctu gravem atque in humum maerore deiectum his versibus de nostrae mentis perturbatione conquesta est", + "en": "my bed, and seeing my face worn with weeping and cast down with sorrow, she bewailed my minds confusion bitterly in these verses:" + }, + { + "id": 3353, + "la": "Heu quam praecipiti mersa profundo Mens hebet et propria luce relicta Tendit in externas ire tenebras, Terrenis quotiens flatibus aucta Crescit in inmensum noxia cura", + "en": "Ah! How steep the seas that drown him! His mind, all dulled, its own light fled, Moves into outer dark, while noxious care Swollen by earthbound winds Grows beyond measure." + }, + { + "id": 3354, + "la": "Hic quondam caelo liber aperto Suetus in aetherios ire meatus Cernebat rosei lumina solis, Visebat gelidae sidera lunae Et quaecumque vagos stella recursus Exercet varios flexa per orbes, Comprensam numeris victor habebat", + "en": "This man Used once to wander free under open skies The paths of the heavens; used to gaze On rosy sunlight, and on the constellations Of the cold new moon, And on each star that on its wandering ways Turns through its changing circles'all such things He mastered and bound by number and law.a" + }, + { + "id": 3355, + "la": "Quin etiam causas unde sonora Flamina sollicitent aequora ponti, Quis volvat stabilem spiritus orbem Vel cur hesperias sidus in undas Casurum rutilo surgat ab ortu, Quid veris placidas temperet horas, Ut terram roseis floribus ornet, Quis dedit ut pleno fertilis anno Autumnus gravidis influat uvis Rimari solitus atque latentis Naturae varias reddere causas,", + "en": "Causes, moreover, he sought and knew: Why the winds howl and stir up the waves of the sea, What breath turns the fixed stars sphere, Why the sun rises in the red east And sinks beneath the Western waves, What warms the springs calm hours So that the earth is lovely with flowers of roses, And who makes fruitful autumn heavy, as the year fills, With the full grapes. He sought and told All Natures secret causes." + }, + { + "id": 3356, + "la": "Nunc iacet effeto lumine mentis Et pressus gravibus colla catenis Declivemque gerens pondere vultum Cogitur, heu, stolidam cernere terram", + "en": "But now he lies His minds light languishing, Bowed with these heavy chains about his neck, His eyes cast down beneath the weight of care, Seeing nothing But the dull, solid earth." + }, + { + "id": 3357, + "la": "Sed medicinae, inquit, tempus est quam querelae.", + "en": "But, she said, now is the time for cure rather than complaint." + }, + { + "id": 3358, + "la": "Tum vero totis in me intenta luminibus: Tune ille es, ait, qui nostro quondam lacte nutritus nostris educatus alimentis in virilis animi robur evaseras?", + "en": "Then, gazing keenly and directly on me, she said: Are you the same man who was once nourished with my milk, once fed on my diet, till you reached your full manhood?" + }, + { + "id": 3359, + "la": "Atqui talia contuleramus arma quae nisi prior abiecisses, invicta te firmitate tuerentur", + "en": "And did I not furnish you with such weapons as would now keep you steadfast and safe if you had not thrown them away?" + }, + { + "id": 3360, + "la": "Agnoscisne me?", + "en": "Do you recognize me?" + }, + { + "id": 3361, + "la": "Quid taces?", + "en": "Why do you say nothing?" + }, + { + "id": 3362, + "la": "Pudore an stupore siluisti?", + "en": "Were you silent because you were ashamed or stupefied?" + }, + { + "id": 3363, + "la": "Mallem pudore, sed te, ut video, stupor oppressit.", + "en": "I should like to think that you were ashamed, but I can see that you are quite stupefied." + }, + { + "id": 3364, + "la": "Cumque me non modo tacitum sed elinguem prorsus mutumque vidisset, admovit pectori meo leniter manum et: Nihil, inquit, pericli est;", + "en": "Seeing that I was not merely silent, but altogether speechless and dumb, she gently laid her hand on my breast and said: He is in no real danger," + }, + { + "id": 3365, + "la": "lethargum patitur communem inlusarum mentium morbum", + "en": "but suffers only from lethargy, a sickness common to deluded minds." + }, + { + "id": 3366, + "la": "Sui paulisper oblitus est;", + "en": "He has for a little forgotten his real self." + }, + { + "id": 3367, + "la": "recordabitur facile,", + "en": "He will soon recover'" + }, + { + "id": 3368, + "la": "si quidem nos ante cognoverit", + "en": "he did, after all, know me before'" + }, + { + "id": 3369, + "la": "Quod ut possit, paulisper lumina eius mortalium rerum nube caligantia tergamus.", + "en": "and to make this possible for him, let me for a little clear his eyes of the mist of mortal affairs that clouds them." + }, + { + "id": 3370, + "la": "Haec dixit oculosque meos fletibus undantes contracta in rugam veste siccavit", + "en": "And so saying she gathered her dress into a fold and dried my eyes, flowing as they were with tears." + }, + { + "id": 3371, + "la": "Tunc me discussa liquerunt nocte tenebrae Luminibusque prior rediit vigor,", + "en": "Then was the night dispersed, and darkness left me; My eyes grew strong again." + }, + { + "id": 3372, + "la": "Ut, cum praecipiti glomerantur sidera Coro Nimbosisque polus stetit imbribus, Sol latet ac nondum caelo venientibus astris, Desuper in terram nox funditur;", + "en": "Just as when north-west winds pile up the weather And rain-clouds fill the sky and the sun is hidden, And before the stars come out Night comes flooding down upon the world;" + }, + { + "id": 3373, + "la": "Hanc si Threicio Boreas emissus ab antro Verberet et clausam reseret diem, Emicat ac subito vibratus lumine Phoebus Mirantes oculos radiis ferit", + "en": "And then the north wind from the Thracian caverna Sweeps away night and lets the daylight out So that the sparkling sunlight Suddenly flashes on our wondering eyes." + }, + { + "id": 3374, + "la": "Haud aliter tristitiae nebulis dissolutis hausi caelum et ad cognoscendam medicantis faciem mentem recepi", + "en": "Just so the clouds of misery were dispelled, and I drank in the clear light, recovering enough to recognize my healers face." + }, + { + "id": 3375, + "la": "Itaque ubi in eam deduxi oculos intuitumque defixi, respicio nutricem meam cuius ab adulescentia laribus obversatus fueram Philosophiam", + "en": "So, when I looked on her clearly and steadily, I saw the nurse who brought me up, whose house I had from my youth frequented, the lady Philosophy." + }, + { + "id": 3376, + "la": "Et quid, inquam, tu in has exilii nostri solitudines o omnium magistra virtutum supero cardine delapsa venisti?", + "en": "And I said: Why have you come, Queen of all the virtues, why have you come down from your high seat in heaven to these wastes where I am banished?" + }, + { + "id": 3377, + "la": "An ut tu quoque mecum rea falsis criminationibus agiteris?", + "en": "So that you too stand in the dock with me, falsely accused?" + }, + { + "id": 3378, + "la": "An, inquit illa, to alumne desererem nec sarcinam quam mei nominis invidia sustulisti, communicate tecum labore partirer?", + "en": "Should I desert you, my pupil? she replied; Should I not share your labour and help to bear your burden, which you bear because my name is hated?" + }, + { + "id": 3379, + "la": "Atqui Philosophiae fas non erat incomitatum relinquere iter innocentis;", + "en": "It could not be right that Philosophy should leave an innocent man companionless on the road." + }, + { + "id": 3380, + "la": "meam scilicet criminationem vererer et quasi novum aliquid acciderit, perhorrescerem?", + "en": "Surely I should then be afraid that I should be charged myself; I should shudder with horror at such an unheard-of thing!" + }, + { + "id": 3381, + "la": "Nunc enim primum censes apud inprobos mores lacessitam periculis esse sapientiam?", + "en": "Do you think that this is the first time that Wisdom has been attacked and endangered by a wicked society?" + }, + { + "id": 3382, + "la": "Nonne apud veteres quoque ante nostri Platonis aetatem magnum saepe certamen cum stultitiae temeritate certavimus eodemque superstite praeceptor eius Socrates iniustae victoriam mortis me adstante promeruit?", + "en": "Did I not often of old also, before my Platos time, have to battle in mighty struggle with arrogant stupidity? And in his day, was I not beside his teacher Socrates when he won the prize of a martyrs death?" + }, + { + "id": 3383, + "la": "Cuius hereditatem cum deinceps Epicureum vulgus ac Stoicum ceterique pro sua quisque parte raptum ire molirentur meque reclamantem renitentemque velut in partem praedae traherent, vestem quam meis texueram manibus, disciderunt abreptisque ab ea panniculis totam me sibi cessisse credentes abiere", + "en": "And after him the crowd of Epicureans and Stoics and the rest strove as far as they could to seize his legacy, carrying me off protesting and struggling, as if I were part of the booty, tearing my dress, which I wove with my own hands, and then went off with their torn-off shreds, thinking they possessed all of me." + }, + { + "id": 3384, + "la": "In quibus quoniam quaedam nostri habitus vestigia videbantur, meos esse familiares inprudentia rata nonnullus eorum profanae multitudinis errore pervertit", + "en": "And because they seemed to be wearing certain bits of my dress, some were ignorantly accepted as my servants, and were abused by the delusions of the uneducated mob." + }, + { + "id": 3385, + "la": "Quod si nec Anaxagorae fugam nec Socratis venenum nec Zenonis tormenta quoniam sunt peregrina novisti, at Canios, at Senecas, at Soranos quorum nec pervetusta nec incelebris memoria est, scire potuisti", + "en": "But even if you knew nothing of Anaxagoras flight from Athens, or Socrates draught of hemlock, or Zenos sufferings, all these being foreign events, surely you could have thought of Canius and Seneca and Soranusa whose stories are neither ancient nor obscure?" + }, + { + "id": 3386, + "la": "Quos nihil aliud in cladem detraxit nisi quod nostris moribus instituti studiis improborum dissimillimi videbantur", + "en": "The only cause of their deaths was that they were brought up in my ways, so that their behaviour and pursuits were seen to be utterly different from those of wicked men." + }, + { + "id": 3387, + "la": "Itaque nihil est quod admirere, si in hoc vitae salo circumflantibus agitemur procellis, quibus hoc maxime propositum est pessimis displicere", + "en": "So it is no wonder if we are buffeted by storms blustering round us on the sea of this life, since we are especially bound to anger the wicked." + }, + { + "id": 3388, + "la": "Quorum quidem tametsi est numerosus exercitus, spernendus tamen est, quoniam nullo duce regitur, sed errore tantum temere ac passim lymphante raptatur", + "en": "Though their forces are large, yet we should hold them in contempt, for they are leaderless and are simply carried hither and thither at random in their crazed ignorance." + }, + { + "id": 3389, + "la": "Qui si quando contra nos aciem struens valentior incubuerit, nostra quidem dux copias suas in arcem contrahit, illi vero circa diripiendas inutiles sarcinulas occupantur", + "en": "If ever they range against us and press about us too strongly, Wisdom our captain withdraws her forces into her citadel, while our enemies busy themselves ransacking useless baggage." + }, + { + "id": 3390, + "la": "At nos desuper inridemus vilissima rerum quaeque rapientes securi totius furiosi tumultus eoque vallo muniti quo grassanti stultitiae adspirare fas non sit", + "en": "But we are safe from all their mad tumult and from our heights we can laugh at them as they carry off all those worthless things; we are protected by such a wall as may not be scaled by raging stupidity." + }, + { + "id": 3391, + "la": "Quisquis composito serenus aevo Fatum sub pedibus egit superbum Fortunamque tuens utramque rectus Invictum potuit tenere vultum, Non illum rabies minaeque ponti Versum funditus exagitantis aestum Nec ruptis quotiens vagus caminis Torquet fumificos Vesaevus ignes Aut celsas soliti ferire turres Ardentis via fulminis movebit", + "en": "He who has ground proud fate beneath his heel Calm in his own well-ordered life And has looked in the face good and ill fortune Still able to keep erect his unconquered head, He shall not be troubled by the rage or threats of the sea Driving the turning tide up from the deep, Nor by Vesuvius However often it break from its deep forges Flinging its smoking fires abroad, Nor by the blazing thunderbolt That strikes down lofty towers." + }, + { + "id": 3392, + "la": "Quid tantum miseri saevos tyrannos Mirantur sine viribus furentes?", + "en": "Why are wretched men so stupefied By cruel tyrants raging with no real power?" + }, + { + "id": 3393, + "la": "Nec speres aliquid nec extimescas, Exarmaveris impotentis iram", + "en": "Leave hope and fear aside And anger is impotent, weaponless;" + }, + { + "id": 3394, + "la": "At quisquis trepidus pavet vel optat, Quod non sit stabilis suique iuris, Abiecit clipeum locoque motus Nectit qua valeat trahi catenam", + "en": "But he who trembles with fear or desire, Fickle at heart, nor master of himself, Has thrown away his shield, and left his post, And links the chain by which he can be led." + }, + { + "id": 3395, + "la": "Sentisne, inquit, haec atque animo inlabuntur tuo, an o ?", + "en": "Now, she said, have you understood what I have been saying? Has it penetrated your stricken mind? Or are you like an ass hearing the sound of a lyre?" + }, + { + "id": 3396, + "la": "Quid fles, quid lacrimis manas?", + "en": "Why do you go on weeping, dissolving in tears?" + }, + { + "id": 3397, + "la": "E,", + "en": "As Homer says, Speak out, dont hide it in your heart.a" + }, + { + "id": 3398, + "la": "Si Operam medicantis exspectas, oportet vulnus detegas.", + "en": "If you are looking for a healers cure, you must lay bare the wound." + }, + { + "id": 3399, + "la": "Tum ego collecto in vires animo:", + "en": "So I gathered my strength of mind and said:" + }, + { + "id": 3400, + "la": "Anne adhuc eget admonitione nec per se satis eminet fortunae in nos saevientis asperitas?", + "en": "Do you really still need to ask? Is my harsh treatment at fortunes hands not obvious enough?" + }, + { + "id": 3401, + "la": "Nihilne te ipsa loci facies movet?", + "en": "Are you not affected by the very appearance of this room?" + }, + { + "id": 3402, + "la": "Haecine est bibliotheca, quam certissimam tibi sedem nostris in laribus ipsa delegeras?", + "en": "Do you not recognize the library, which you once chose for yourself as a secure dwelling-place in my house'" + }, + { + "id": 3403, + "la": "In qua mecum saepe residens de humanarum divinarumque rerum scientia disserebas?", + "en": "the very room in which you used often to sit with me discoursing on the knowledge of all things human and divine?" + }, + { + "id": 3404, + "la": "Talis habitus talisque vultus erat, cum tecum naturae secreta rimarer, cum mihi siderum vias radio describeres, cum mores nostros totiusque vitae rationem ad caelestis ordinis exempla formares?", + "en": "Was this how I looked, was this my expression, when I used to seek out with you the secrets of Nature? When with your rod you drew for me the paths of the stars? When you shaped my character and the whole manner of my life according to celestial models?" + }, + { + "id": 3405, + "la": "Haecine praemia referimus tibi obsequentes?", + "en": "Are these our rewards for obedient service to you?" + }, + { + "id": 3406, + "la": "Atqui tu hanc sententiam Platonis ore sanxisti: beatas fore res publicas, si eas vel studiosi sapientiae regerent vel earum rectores studere sapientiae contigisset", + "en": "It was you who established through the words of Plato the principle that those states would be happy where philosophers were kings or their governors were philosophers.a" + }, + { + "id": 3407, + "la": "Tu eiusdem viri ore hanc sapientibus capessendae rei publicae necessariam causam esse monuisti, ne improbis flagitiosisque civibus urbium relicta gubernacula pestem bonis ac perniciem ferrent", + "en": "You, through that same Plato, told us that this was why philosophers must involve themselves in political affairs, lest the rule of nations be left to the base and wicked, bringing ruin and destruction on the good." + }, + { + "id": 3408, + "la": "Hanc igitur auctoritatem secutus quod a te inter secreta otia didiceram transferre in actum publicae administrationis optavi", + "en": "It was in accordance with that teaching that I chose to apply in the practice of public administration what I learned from you in the seclusion of my private leisure." + }, + { + "id": 3409, + "la": "Tu mihi et qui te sapientium mentibus inseruit deus conscii nullum me ad magistratum nisi commune bonorum omnium studium detulisse", + "en": "You, and God, who has set you in the minds of philosophers, know me well, and that I undertook office with no other motives than the common purposes of all good men." + }, + { + "id": 3410, + "la": "Inde cum inprobis graves inexorabilesque discordiae et quod conscientiae libertas habet, pro tuendo iure spreta potentiorum semper offensio", + "en": "That is why there arose serious and irreconcilable disagreements with wicked men, and, as a consequence of keeping my conscience free, I have always maintained what is right and lawful in spite of the fact that I offended those more powerful than myself." + }, + { + "id": 3411, + "la": "Quotiens ego Conigastum in inbecilli cuiusque fortunas impetum facientem obvius excepi, quotiens Trigguillam regiae praepositum domus ab incepta, perpetrata iam prorsus iniuria deieci, quotiens miseros quos infinitis calumniis inpunita barbarorum semper avaritia vexabat, obiecta periculis auctoritate protexi!", + "en": "How often did I stand in the way of Conigastus when he was trying to rob some weaker man of his wealth! How often did I frustrate Trigguilla, the Provost of the Royal Household, in committing some injustice'or even when he had actually committed it!a How often did I protect poor wretches harassed with countless malicious charges by the constant and unchecked avarice of barbarians, though the exercise of my authority involved me in great dangers." + }, + { + "id": 3412, + "la": "Numquam me ab iure ad iniuriam quisquam detraxit", + "en": "No-one has ever turned me aside from the right, to commit injustice." + }, + { + "id": 3413, + "la": "Provincialium fortunas tum privatis rapinis tum publicis vectigalibus pessumdari non aliter quam qui patiebantur indolui", + "en": "That the fortunes of provincial families were ruined both by robbery by individuals and by taxation by the state grieved me no less than it did those who suffered so." + }, + { + "id": 3414, + "la": "Cum acerbae famis tempore gravis atque inexplicabilis indicta coemptio profligatura inopia Campaniam provinciam videretur, certamen adversum praefectum praetorii communis commodi ratione suscepi, rege cognoscente contendi et ne coemptio exigeretur, evici", + "en": "When in a time of grievous famine it seemed there was to be by order a terrible and quite indefensible compulsory purchase of supplies which would have reduced the province of Campania to destitution, I took up the fight with the Praetorian Prefect for the sake of the common good, I fought against the enforcement of the purchase before the king, and I won." + }, + { + "id": 3415, + "la": "Paulinum consularem virum cuius opes Palatinae canes iam spe atque ambitione devorassent, ab ipsis hiantium faucibus traxi", + "en": "The wealth of Paulinus, a man of consular rank, which had already in their ambitious hope been all but devoured by those dogs of the court, I snatched even from their gaping jaws." + }, + { + "id": 3416, + "la": "Ne Albinum consularem virum praeiudicatae accusationis poena corriperet, odiis me Cypriani delatoris opposui", + "en": "To prevent Albinus, another man of consular rank, being punished for a crime of which he was found guilty before being tried, I made an enemy of his accuser Cyprian." + }, + { + "id": 3417, + "la": "Satisne in me magnas videor exacervasse discordias?", + "en": "Ought I not to have been satisfied with the amount of strong feeling I stirred up against myself?" + }, + { + "id": 3418, + "la": "Sed esse apud ceteros tutior debui qui mihi amore iustitiae nihil apud aulicos quo magis essem tutior reservavi", + "en": "But surely I ought to have been that much the more safe with the others, since in my regard for justice I kept no favours among the courtiers to ensure my own safety." + }, + { + "id": 3419, + "la": "Quibus autem deferentibus perculsi sumus?", + "en": "Who are the accusers, then, by whom I have been brought down?" + }, + { + "id": 3420, + "la": "Quorum Basilius olim regio ministerio depulsus in delationem nostri nominis alieni aeris necessitate compulsus est", + "en": "One of them, Basil, once in the kings service but dismissed, was forced to denounce me because of his burden of debts.a" + }, + { + "id": 3421, + "la": "Opilionem vero atque Gaudentium cum ob innumeras multiplicesque fraudes ire in exilium regia censura decrevisset cumque illi parere nolentes sacrarum sese aedium defensione tuerentur compertumque id regi foret, edixit:", + "en": "Two others were Opilio and Gaudentius: on account of their many different frauds they were condemned to exile by the kings judgement, but they refused to obey and took sanctuary in a temple. When the king learned of this he ordered" + }, + { + "id": 3422, + "la": "uti ni intra praescriptum diem Ravenna urbe decederent, notas insigniti frontibus pellerentur", + "en": "that unless they left Ravenna by a certain date they should be branded on the forehead and driven out." + }, + { + "id": 3423, + "la": "Quid huic severitati posse astrui videtur?", + "en": "Could they possibly have been more severely treated?" + }, + { + "id": 3424, + "la": "Atqui in eo die deferentibus eisdem nominis nostri delatio suscepta est", + "en": "And yet on that very date the accusation against me was lodged, with their names on it!" + }, + { + "id": 3425, + "la": "Quid igitur?", + "en": "I ask you!" + }, + { + "id": 3426, + "la": "Nostraene artes ita meruerunt?", + "en": "Was that the reward my exercise of office had earned?" + }, + { + "id": 3427, + "la": "An illos accusatores iustos fecit praemissa damnatio?", + "en": "Did their previous conviction make them just accusers?" + }, + { + "id": 3428, + "la": "Itane nihil fortunam puduit si minus accusatae innocentiae, at accusantium vilitatis?", + "en": "Was fortune not the least bit ashamed, if not that innocence was thus accused, at least that the accusers were so base?" + }, + { + "id": 3429, + "la": "At cuius criminis arguimur summam quaeris?", + "en": "Do you want to know what, in a word, was the charge against me?" + }, + { + "id": 3430, + "la": "Senatum dicimur salvum esse voluisse", + "en": "That I wanted to preserve the Senate." + }, + { + "id": 3431, + "la": "Modum desideras?", + "en": "And how did I do that?" + }, + { + "id": 3432, + "la": "Delatorem ne documenta deferret quibus senatum maiestatis reum faceret impedisse criminamur", + "en": "I am charged with preventing those accusers from bringing forward proofs whereby the Senate might have been convicted of treason." + }, + { + "id": 3433, + "la": "Quid igitur o magistra censes?", + "en": "What then do you think, Lady?" + }, + { + "id": 3434, + "la": "Infitiabimur crimen, ne tibi pudor simus?", + "en": "Shall I deny the charge, so as not to cause you to be ashamed of me?" + }, + { + "id": 3435, + "la": "At volui nec umquam velle desistam", + "en": "But I did want the Senate to be preserved, nor shall I ever cease to want it so." + }, + { + "id": 3436, + "la": "Fatebimur?", + "en": "Shall I then confess to the charge?" + }, + { + "id": 3437, + "la": "Sed impediendi delatoris opera cessavit", + "en": "But the chance of hindering their accuser has now passed." + }, + { + "id": 3438, + "la": "An optasse illius ordinis salutem nefas vocabo?", + "en": "Shall I call it wrong to have wanted the preservation of the Senatorial order?" + }, + { + "id": 3439, + "la": "Ille quidem suis de me decretis, uti hoc nefas esset, effecerat", + "en": "That order had itself made it wrong, by its decrees against me." + }, + { + "id": 3440, + "la": "Sed sibi semper mentiens inprudentia rerum merita non potest inmutare nec mihi Socratico decreto fas esse arbitror vel occuluisse veritatem vel concessisse mendacium", + "en": "But self-deceiving ignorance cannot change the true worth of anything, nor do I think it would have been right for me, following Socrates counsel,a to conceal the truth or admit to falsehood." + }, + { + "id": 3441, + "la": "Verum id quoquo modo sit, tuo sapientiumque iudicio aestimandum relinquo", + "en": "But what the truth of the matter is, I leave to your judgement and to that of philosophers;" + }, + { + "id": 3442, + "la": "Cuius rei seriem atque veritatem, ne latere posteros queat, stilo etiam memoriaeque mandavi", + "en": "though so that the true details of this affair cannot lie concealed from later generations, I have written it down to be remembered." + }, + { + "id": 3443, + "la": "Nam de compositis falso litteris quibus libertatem arguor sperasse Romanam quid attinet dicere?", + "en": "For what is the point of talking about those forgeries in which I am accused of having striven for Roman liberty?" + }, + { + "id": 3444, + "la": "Quarum fraus aperta patuisset, si nobis ipsorum confessione delatorum, quod in omnibus negotiis maximas vires habet, uti licuisset", + "en": "Their falsity would have been evident for all to see, had I been allowed to use the confessions of my accusers themselves, for this always has most influence in all such matters as these." + }, + { + "id": 3445, + "la": "Nam quae sperari reliqua libertas potest?", + "en": "What freedom can now be hoped for?" + }, + { + "id": 3446, + "la": "Atque utinam posset ulla!", + "en": "Would there were any!" + }, + { + "id": 3447, + "la": "Respondissem Canii verbo, qui cum a Gaio Caesare Germanici filio conscius contra se factae coniurationis fuisse diceretur:", + "en": "Then I should have replied with the words of Canius: when he was said by Caligula to have been aware of a conspiracy against his person, he replied:" + }, + { + "id": 3448, + "la": "Si ego, inquit, scissem, tu nescisses.", + "en": "Had I known of it, you would not." + }, + { + "id": 3449, + "la": "Qua in re non ita sensus nostros maeror hebetavit ut impios scelerata contra virtutem querar molitos, sed quae speraverint effecisse vehementer admiror", + "en": "In this affair, grief has not so far blunted my sense that I complain that wicked men have tried to do evil to virtue, but rather I am amazed that they have succeeded in their hopes." + }, + { + "id": 3450, + "la": "Nam deteriora velle nostri fuerit fortasse defectus, posse contra innocentiam, quae sceleratus quisque conceperit inspectante deo, monstri simile est", + "en": "For although it is perhaps a normal human failing to have evil desires, it is surely a monstrous thing in the sight of God that whatever an evil man conceives can actually be done to the innocent." + }, + { + "id": 3451, + "la": "Unde haud iniuria tuorum quidam familiarium quaesivit: Si quidem deus, inquit, est, unde mala? Bona vero unde, si non est?", + "en": "So it was not without reason that one of your disciples asked: If there is a God, whence comes evil? But whence good, if there is not?b" + }, + { + "id": 3452, + "la": "Sed fas fuerit nefarios homines qui bonorum omnium totiusque senatus sanguinem petunt, nos etiam quos propugnare bonis senatuique viderant, perditum ire voluisse", + "en": "It would be natural that wicked men who wanted the blood of all good men and of the whole Senate should want to destroy me also, whom they saw fighting for good men and the Senate." + }, + { + "id": 3453, + "la": "Sed num idem de patribus quoque merebamur?", + "en": "But surely I deserved differently from the Senators themselves?" + }, + { + "id": 3454, + "la": "Meministi, ut opinor, quoniam me dicturum quid facturumve praesens semper ipsa dirigebas, meministi inquam, Veronae cum rex avidus exitii communis maiestatis crimen in Albinum delatae ad cunctum senatus ordinem transferre moliretur, universi innocentiam senatus quanta mei periculi securitate defenderim", + "en": "You remember, I expect, since you yourself were with me directing all my words and actions, how when the kinga at Verona tried to shift on to the whole Senatorial order the charge of treason laid against Albinus, since he was eager to do away with them all, I defended the innocence of the whole Senate with complete disregard for my own peril." + }, + { + "id": 3455, + "la": "Scis me haec et vera proferre et in nulla umquam mei laude iactasse", + "en": "You know that I mention this simply as the truth, not because I ever wished to sing my own praises;" + }, + { + "id": 3456, + "la": "Minuit enim quodam modo se probantis conscientiae secretum, quotiens ostentando quid factum recipit famae pretium", + "en": "for the secret, mental satisfaction of self approval is in some way lessened if a man by revealing the deed reaps the reward of its being talked about by others." + }, + { + "id": 3457, + "la": "Sed innocentiam nostram quis exceperit eventus vides;", + "en": "But you see what the result of my innocence has been:" + }, + { + "id": 3458, + "la": "pro verae virtutis praemiis falsi sceleris poenas subimus", + "en": "instead of being rewarded for the good I did, I am punished for the evil I did not do." + }, + { + "id": 3459, + "la": "Et cuius umquam facinoris manifesta confessio ita iudices habuit in severitate concordes ut non aliquos vel ipse ingenii error humani vel fortunae condicio cunctis mortalibus incerta submitteret?", + "en": "Was there ever any crime the clear admission of which made the judges so unanimously severe that none was moved to moderation either by the fallibility of mans mind or by that uncertainty of fortune common to all mortals?" + }, + { + "id": 3460, + "la": "Si inflammare sacras aedes voluisse, si sacerdotes impio iugulare gladio, si bonis omnibus necem struxisse diceremur, praesentem tamen sententia, confessum tamen convictumve punisset", + "en": "If I were accused of trying to burn down a temple or of sacrilegiously murdering priests, or of contriving the deaths of all good men, I should be punished, and rightly'but only having been present and tried, and either having confessed or been found guilty." + }, + { + "id": 3461, + "la": "Nunc quingentis fere passuum milibus procul muti atque indefensi ob studium propensius in senatum morti proscriptionique damnamur", + "en": "But now I am condemned to death, my goods confiscate, for too zealously supporting the Senate, although I am nearly five hundred miles away and unable to speak in my own defence." + }, + { + "id": 3462, + "la": "O meritos de simili crimine neminem posse convinci!", + "en": "Ah me! Surely I deserved that no one could possibly be convicted on a charge like this!" + }, + { + "id": 3463, + "la": "Cuius dignitatem reatus ipsi etiam qui detulere viderunt, quam uti alicuius sceleris admixtione fuscarent, ob ambitum dignitatis sacrilegio me conscientiam polluisse mentiti sunt", + "en": "Those who laid the charge know well its true worth. In order to smirch it with the stain of some foul deed, they lyingly alleged that I sullied my conscience in committing sacrilege in canvassing for high office." + }, + { + "id": 3464, + "la": "Atqui et tu insita nobis omnem rerum mortalium cupidinem de nostri animi sede pellebas et sub tuis oculis sacrilegio locum esse fas non erat", + "en": "But you, Lady, dwelling in me, drove from my souls depths all desire for mortal things, and to have made any room for sacrilege under your very eyes would have been wicked indeed," + }, + { + "id": 3465, + "la": "Instillabas enim auribus cogitationibusque cotidie meis Pythagoricum illud", + "en": "for daily you instilled into my ears and my mind the Pythagorean saying, Follow Godb" + }, + { + "id": 3466, + "la": "Nec conveniebat vilissimorum me spirituum praesidia captare quem tu in hanc excellentiam componebas ut consimilem deo faceres", + "en": "Now would it have been fitting for me to grasp for the support of baser spirits, since you were preparing me for such excellence, that you might make me like to God." + }, + { + "id": 3467, + "la": "Praeterea penetral innocens domus, honestissimorum coetus amicorum, socer etiam sanctus et aeque ac tu ipsa reverendus ab omni nos huius criminis suspitione defendunt", + "en": "Besides, the fact that my house hides no guilty secrets deep within, my friendship with good men, and the uprightness of my father-in-law'for he is as much to be revered as you yourself'all these protect me against any suspicion of this crime." + }, + { + "id": 3468, + "la": "Sed, o nefas, illi vero de te tanti criminis fidem capiunt atque hoc ipso videbimur affines fuisse maleficio, quod tuis inbuti disciplinis, tuis instituti moribus sumus", + "en": "But they are so wickedly impious that it is actually from you that they derive their proof of this great charge: I shall appear to have been a close party to such a misdeed precisely because I am steeped in your learning and trained in your ways." + }, + { + "id": 3469, + "la": "Ita non est satis nihil mihi tuam profuisse reverentiam, nisi ultro tu mea potius offensione lacereris", + "en": "So it is not enough that reverence for you shall have done me no good: you too must be abused because I have offended." + }, + { + "id": 3470, + "la": "At vero hic etiam nostris malis cumulus accedit, quod existimatio plurimorum non rerum merita sed fortunae spectat eventum eaque tantum iudicat esse provisa quae felicitas commendaverit", + "en": "And now, to add to all my troubles, I know that common opinion looks not at the true deserts of any case but regards only the outcome of fortune, and judges only such things well foreseen as success commends." + }, + { + "id": 3471, + "la": "Quo fit ut existimatio bona prima omnium deserat infelices", + "en": "The result is that their good reputation is the first thing the unfortunate lose." + }, + { + "id": 3472, + "la": "Qui nunc populi rumores, quam dissonae multiplicesque sententiae, piget reminisci", + "en": "I hate to think what tales are going round among the people, how many different opinions, about my case." + }, + { + "id": 3473, + "la": "Hoc tantum dixerim ultimam esse adversae fortunae sarcinam, quod dum miseris aliquod crimen affingitur, quae perferunt meruisse creduntur", + "en": "This only I would say, that the final burden imposed by adverse fortune is that while any poor wretch is charged with some crime, he is thought to deserve all that he suffers." + }, + { + "id": 3474, + "la": "Et ego quidem bonis omnibus pulsus, dignitatibus exutus, existimatione foedatus ob beneficium supplicium tuli", + "en": "So I now, deprived of all my goods, stripped of my honours, and the object of evil gossip, am punished for my good service." + }, + { + "id": 3475, + "la": "Videre autem videor nefarias sceleratorum officinas gaudio laetitiaque fluitantes, perditissimum quemque novis delationum fraudibus imminentem, iacere bonos nostri discriminis terrore prostratos, flagitiosum quemque ad audendum quidem facinus impunitate, ad efficiendum vero praemiis incitari, insontes autem non modo securitate, verum ipsa etiam defensione privates", + "en": "And I seem to see the wicked in their factories of crime wallowing in their evil delight, all the corrupt now plotting new false accusations, while good men cower in fear, terrified by what has happened to me. The base and wicked are encouraged to greater boldness by their impunity, to greater crimes by their rewards; and the innocent are deprived not only of safety but even of the chance to defend themselves." + }, + { + "id": 3476, + "la": "Itaque libet exclamare:", + "en": "So I am moved to exclaim:" + }, + { + "id": 3477, + "la": "O stelliferi conditor orbis Qui perpetuo nixus solio Rapido caelum turbine versas Legemque pati sidera cogis, Ut nunc pleno lucida cornu Totis fratris obvia flammis Condat stellas luna minores, Nunc obscuro pallida cornu Phoebo propior lumina perdat, Et qui primae tempore noctis Agit algentes Hesperos ortus, Solitas iterum mutet habenas Phoebi pallens Lucifer ortu", + "en": "O Maker of the circle of the stars, Seated on your eternal throne, Spinner of the whirling heavens, Binding the constellations by your law' As at one time the shining moon with crescent full, Reflecting all the sun her brothers fire. Hides all the lesser stars, And at another closer to Phoebus pales And loses all her light, her crescent dark; Or when, at fall of night, Venus, as evening star, arises cold, And then, as morning star, paling at sunrise, Changes again her long-accustomed role;'" + }, + { + "id": 3478, + "la": "Tu frondifluae frigore brumae Stringis lucem breviore mora:", + "en": "You with the winters cold when leaves pour down Draw in the short days light;" + }, + { + "id": 3479, + "la": "Tu, cum fervida venerit aestas, Agiles nocti dividis horas", + "en": "You when the summer comes aflame Hasten the passing of the nights swift hours." + }, + { + "id": 3480, + "la": "Tua vis varium temperat annum Ut quas Boreae spiritus aufert Revehat mites Zephyrus frondes Quaeque Arcturus semina vidit Sirius altas urat segetes", + "en": "The changing year is ordered by your power, So that the leaves the north wind strips away. The west wind brings again in gentleness, And what Arcturus saw as sleeping seed As tall crops under Sirius burn dry." + }, + { + "id": 3481, + "la": "Nihil antiqua lege solutum Linquit propriae stationis opus", + "en": "Nothing escapes your ancient ordering Or fails its proper office to fulfil." + }, + { + "id": 3482, + "la": "Omnia certo fine gubernans Hominum solos respuis actus Merito rector cohibere modo", + "en": "With a sure purpose ruling and guiding all, Mans acts alone You will not, though you rightly could, constrain." + }, + { + "id": 3483, + "la": "Nam cur tantas lubrica versat Fortuna vices?", + "en": "Why else does slippery fortune change so much?" + }, + { + "id": 3484, + "la": "Premit insontes Debita sceleri noxia poena, At perversi resident celso Mores solio sanctaque calcant Iniusta vice colla nocentes", + "en": "The innocent endure the pains That are the proper penalties of crime, And evil ways sit in the thrones of kings, And wicked men in unjust recompense Trample beneath their heels the necks of the good." + }, + { + "id": 3485, + "la": "Latet obscuris condita virtus Clara tenebris iustusque tulit Crimen iniqui", + "en": "Virtues clear brightness lies obscured In darkness hidden, and the just man bears The unjusts calumnies." + }, + { + "id": 3486, + "la": "Nil periuria, nil nocet ipsis Fraus mendaci compta colore", + "en": "Their perjuries hurt them not, nor their deceit, Decked in false colours;" + }, + { + "id": 3487, + "la": "Sed cum libuit viribus uti, Quos innumeri metuunt populi Summos gaudent subdere reges", + "en": "And when they please to use their power, Then they delight to overcome great kings Whom countless peoples fear." + }, + { + "id": 3488, + "la": "O iam miseras respice terras Quisquis rerum foedera nectis", + "en": "Look on this wretched earth, Whoever you are who bind the world with law!" + }, + { + "id": 3489, + "la": "Operis tanti pars non vilis Homines quatimur fortunae salo", + "en": "Of that great work far from the meanest part We men are buffeted by fortunes seas." + }, + { + "id": 3490, + "la": "Rapidos rector comprime fluctus Et quo caelum regis immensum Firma stabiles foedere terras.", + "en": "Ruler, restrain their rushing waves and make the earth Steady with that stability of law By which you rule the vastness of the heavens." + }, + { + "id": 3491, + "la": "Haec ubi continuato dolore delatravi, illa vultu placido nihilque meis questibus mota: Cum te, inquit, maestum lacrimantemque vidissem, ilico miserum exsulemque cognovi", + "en": "When I had done thus baying my unabated grief, she said, with a calm expression, unaffected by my complainings: When I saw you weeping in your grief I knew at once that you were wretchedly banished;" + }, + { + "id": 3492, + "la": "Sed quam id longinquum esset exilium, nisi tua prodidisset oratio, nesciebam", + "en": "but how remote was that banishment I should not have known if your speech had not told me." + }, + { + "id": 3493, + "la": "Sed tu quam procul a patria non quidem pulsus es sed aberrasti; ac si te pulsum existimari mavis, te potius ipse pepulisti", + "en": "But how far from your homeland have you strayed! Strayed, not been driven, I say; or if you prefer to be thought of as driven, then how far have you driven yourself!" + }, + { + "id": 3494, + "la": "Nam id quidem de te numquam cuiquam fas fuisset", + "en": "For in your case it could never have rightly been possible for anyone else to do this." + }, + { + "id": 3495, + "la": "Si enim cuius oriundus sis patriae reminiscare, non uti Atheniensium quondam multitudinis imperio regitur, sed o , qui frequentia civium non depulsione laetetur;", + "en": "You must remember what your native country is: not one like that of the old Athenians, governed by the rule of the many, but there is one ruler, one king,a who delights in associating with his subjects, not in driving them out;" + }, + { + "id": 3496, + "la": "cuius agi frenis atque obtemperare iustitiae summa libertas est", + "en": "to be guided by his hand and obey his justice is true freedom." + }, + { + "id": 3497, + "la": "An ignoras illam tuae civitatis antiquissimam legem, qua sanctum est ei ius exulare non esse quisquis in ea sedem fundare maluerit?", + "en": "Surely you know the ancient and fundamental law of your city, by which it is ordained that it is not right to exile one who has chosen to dwell there?" + }, + { + "id": 3498, + "la": "Nam qui vallo eius ac munimine continetur, nullus metus est ne exul esse mereatur", + "en": "No one who is settled within her walls and fortifications need ever fear the punishment of banishment:" + }, + { + "id": 3499, + "la": "At quisquis eam inhabitare velle desierit, pariter desinit etiam mereri", + "en": "but whoever ceases to desire to live there has thereby ceased to deserve to do so." + }, + { + "id": 3500, + "la": "Itaque non tam me loci huius quam tua facies movet nec bibliothecae potius comptos ebore ac vitro parietes quam tuae mentis sedem requiro, in qua non libros sed id quod libris pretium facit, librorum quondam meorum sententias, collocavi", + "en": "So I am moved more by the sight of you than of this place. I seek not so much a library with its walls ornamented with ivory and glass, as the storeroom of your mind, in which I have laid up not books, but what makes them of any value, the opinions set down in my books in times past." + }, + { + "id": 3501, + "la": "Et tu quidem de tuis in commune bonum meritis vera quidem, sed pro multitudine gestorum tibi pauca dixisti", + "en": "Now what you have said about your services to the common good is true, though you have mentioned but few of the great number of things you have done." + }, + { + "id": 3502, + "la": "De obiectorum tibi vel honestate vel falsitate cunctis nota memorasti", + "en": "The state of honesty, or rather the well-known dishonesty of the accusations against you, you have spoken of." + }, + { + "id": 3503, + "la": "De sceleribus fraudibusque delatorum recte tu quidem strictim attingendum putasti, quod ea melius uberiusque recognoscentis omnia vulgi ore celebrentur", + "en": "You were of course right to think that you only needed to touch briefly on your accusers crimes and deceits, since they are all common topics of gossip among ordinary people who recall them better and in fuller detail." + }, + { + "id": 3504, + "la": "Increpuisti etiam vehementer iniusti factum senatus", + "en": "You have been more forceful in complaining of the unjust actions of the Senate." + }, + { + "id": 3505, + "la": "De nostra etiam criminatione doluisti, laesae quoque opinionis damna flevisti", + "en": "And you have bewailed the fact that I too am included under the charge, you have wept for the harm done to my reputation." + }, + { + "id": 3506, + "la": "Postremus adversum fortunam dolor incanduit conquestusque non aequa meritis praemia pensari, in extremo Musae saevientis, uti quae caelum terras quoque pax regeret, vota posuisti", + "en": "In the end your grief flared against your ill fortune, and complaining that your rewards were not equal to your deserts you prayed at the end of your outpourings in verse that that peace which governs heaven might also govern earth." + }, + { + "id": 3507, + "la": "Sed quoniam plurimus tibi affectuum tumultus incubuit diversumque te dolor, ira, maeror distrahunt, uti nunc mentis es, nondum te validiora remedia contingunt", + "en": "But since you are buffeted by a tumult of different emotions, and grief and anger and sorrow pull you in different directions, for that is the state you are in, you are not yet ready for strong medicines," + }, + { + "id": 3508, + "la": "Itaque lenioribus paulisper utemur, ut quae in tumorem perturbationibus influentibus induruerunt, ad acrioris vim medicaminis recipiendum tactu blandiore mollescant", + "en": "so we shall for a little use milder ones, so that by our gentler touch what has swollen hard under the influence of all these passions and worries may soften and become fit to be treated with a sharper, stronger physic." + }, + { + "id": 3509, + "la": "Cum Phoebi radiis grave Cancri sidus inaestuat, Tum qui larga negantibus Sulcis semina credidit, Elusus Cereris fide Quernas pergat ad arbores", + "en": "When heavy Cancer burns Under the rays of the sun, He who then sows his seed In unreceiving furrows Must, cheated of grain, go look For acorns under oak trees." + }, + { + "id": 3510, + "la": "Numquam purpureum nemus Lecturus violas petas Cum saevis aquilonibus Stridens campus inhorruit, Nec quaeras avida manu Vernos stringere palmites, Uvis si libeat frui;", + "en": "Never would you seek in reddening woods To gather violets, When grasses shake their rustling spears Under the fierce north winds. Nor if you want full grapes would you greedily seek To prune the vine in spring:" + }, + { + "id": 3511, + "la": "Autumno potius sua Bacchus munera contulit", + "en": "Bacchus confers his gifts In autumn rather." + }, + { + "id": 3512, + "la": "Signat tempora propriis Aptans officiis deus Nec quas ipse coercuit Misceri patitur vices", + "en": "God marks out the seasons Each for its proper duty; Nor does he suffer the order he has fixed To be disturbed." + }, + { + "id": 3513, + "la": "Sic quod praecipiti via Certum deserit ordinem Laetos non habet exitus", + "en": "So, whatever deserts that order Rushing headlong Comes to no happy ending." + }, + { + "id": 3514, + "la": "Primum igitur paterisne me pauculis rogationibus statum tuae mentis attingere atque temptare, ut qui modus sit tuae curationis intellegam?", + "en": "Now first of all, will you let me ask a few simple questions, to probe and test the state of your mind, so as to learn what kind of cure is best for your condition?" + }, + { + "id": 3515, + "la": "Tu vero arbitratu, inquam, tuo quae voles ut responsurum rogato.", + "en": "Ask what you will, as you think right, I replied, and I will answer." + }, + { + "id": 3516, + "la": "Tum illa: Huncine, inquit, mundum temerariis agi fortuitisque casibus putas, an ullum credis ei regimen inesse rationis?", + "en": "Do you think, then, she said, that this world is run by random and chance events, or do you believe that it is rationally directed?" + }, + { + "id": 3517, + "la": "Atqui, inquam, nullo existimaverim modo ut fortuita temeritate tam certa moveantur, verum operi suo conditorem praesidere deum scio nec umquam fuerit dies qui me ab hac sententiae veritate depellat.", + "en": "Well, I could never imagine, I replied, that anything so regular was moved at random or by chance; I know that God the creator watches over and directs his work, nor could there ever be such a time as would deprive me of the certainty of that truth." + }, + { + "id": 3518, + "la": "Ita est, inquit Nam id etiam paulo ante cecinisti, hominesque tantum divinae exsortes curae esse deplorasti", + "en": "Good, she said. That is just what you spoke of a little time ago in your verse, when you complained that man alone fell outside the sphere of Gods watchful care," + }, + { + "id": 3519, + "la": "Nam de ceteris quin ratione regerentur, nihil movebare", + "en": "for you were sure enough that all the rest was governed by reason." + }, + { + "id": 3520, + "la": "Vehementer admiror cur in tam salubri sententia locatus aegrotes", + "en": "But I am really astonished that you should sicken, holding as you do such a healthy opinion!" + }, + { + "id": 3521, + "la": "Verum altius perscrutemur; nescio quid abesse coniecto", + "en": "But, let us look into this more deeply; something is missing, I think." + }, + { + "id": 3522, + "la": "Sed dic mihi, quoniam a deo mundum regi non ambigis, quibus etiam gubernaculis regatur advertis?", + "en": "Now tell me, since you are not in any doubt that the world is guided by God, do you perceive what kind of governance it is guided by?" + }, + { + "id": 3523, + "la": "Vix, inquam, rogationis tuae sententiam nosco, nedum ad inquisita respondere queam.", + "en": "I can scarcely understand your meaning, I said, much less answer the question." + }, + { + "id": 3524, + "la": "Num me, inquit, fefellit abesse aliquid, per quod, velut hiante valli robore, in animum tuum perturbationum morbus inrepserit?", + "en": "I was not mistaken, was I, when I said that something was missing, leaving as it were a crack in a strong wall, through which the sickness of your troubles stole into your mind?" + }, + { + "id": 3525, + "la": "Sed die mihi, meministine, quis sit rerum finis, quove totius naturae tendat intentio?", + "en": "But tell me, do you remember what is the end of all things, towards what purpose does the whole universe aim and move?" + }, + { + "id": 3526, + "la": "Audieram, inquam, sed memoriam maeror hebetavit.", + "en": "I heard it once, I said, but pain and grief have weakened my memory." + }, + { + "id": 3527, + "la": "Atqui scis unde cuncta processerint? Novi, inquam, deumque esse respondi", + "en": "But at least you know where all things have come from? Yes; and I said they came from God." + }, + { + "id": 3528, + "la": "Et qui fieri potest, ut principio cognito quis sit rerum finis ignores?", + "en": "Then since you know their origin, how can you not know their end?" + }, + { + "id": 3529, + "la": "Verum hi perturbationum mores, ea valentia est, ut movere quidem loco hominem possint, convellere autem sibique totum exstirpare non possint", + "en": "The nature and strength of these troubles is such that they can dislodge a man, but they cannot tear him out and completely uproot him." + }, + { + "id": 3530, + "la": "Sed hoc quoque respondeas velim, hominemne te essemeministi?", + "en": "Now I should like you to answer this: you are aware that you are a man?" + }, + { + "id": 3531, + "la": "Quidni, inquam, meminerim?", + "en": "How could I not be?" + }, + { + "id": 3532, + "la": "Quid igitur homo sit, poterisne proferre?", + "en": "Then can you say, what is a man?" + }, + { + "id": 3533, + "la": "Hocine interrogas an esse me sciam rationale animal atque mortale?", + "en": "Are you asking me if I know that I am a mortal, rational animal?" + }, + { + "id": 3534, + "la": "Scio et id me esse confiteor.", + "en": "I do know that, and admit to being such." + }, + { + "id": 3535, + "la": "Et illa: Nihilne aliud te esse novisti? Nihil.", + "en": "And you do not know that you are anything more? I am nothing more." + }, + { + "id": 3536, + "la": "Iam scio, inquit, morbi tui aliam vel maximam causam; quid ipse sis, nosse desisti", + "en": "Now I know, she said, that other, more serious cause of your sickness: you have forgotten what you are." + }, + { + "id": 3537, + "la": "Quare plenissime vel aegritudinis tuae rationem vel aditum reconciliandae sospitatis inveni", + "en": "So I really understand why you are ill and how to cure you." + }, + { + "id": 3538, + "la": "Nam quoniam tui oblivione confunderis, et exsulem te et exspoliatum propriis bonis esse doluisti", + "en": "For because you are wandering, forgetful of your real self, you grieve that you are an exile and stripped of your goods;" + }, + { + "id": 3539, + "la": "Quoniam vero quis sit rerum finis ignoras, nequam homines atque nefarios potentes felicesque arbitraris", + "en": "since indeed you do not know the goal and end of all things, you think that evil and wicked men are fortunate and powerful;" + }, + { + "id": 3540, + "la": "Quoniam vero quibus gubernaculis mundus regatur oblitus es, has fortunarum vices aestimas sine rectore fluitare'magnae non ad morbum modo verum ad interitum quoque causae", + "en": "since indeed you have forgotten what sort of governance the world is guided by, you think these fluctuations of fortune uncontrolled. All these are quite enough to cause not merely sickness but even death." + }, + { + "id": 3541, + "la": "Sed sospitatis auctori grates, quod te nondum totum natura destituit", + "en": "But I thank the author of all health that you have not yet wholly lost your true nature." + }, + { + "id": 3542, + "la": "Habemus maximum tuae fomitem salutis veram de mundi gubernatione sententiam, quod eam non casuum temeritati sed divinae rationi subditam credis", + "en": "The best kindler of your health we have is your true opinion of the governance of the world, that you believe it to be subject not to the randomness of chance events but to divine reason;" + }, + { + "id": 3543, + "la": "Nihil igitur pertimescas; iam tibi ex hac minima scintillula vitalis calor inluxerit", + "en": "do not be afraid, then, for presently out of this tiny spark your vital warmth will glow again." + }, + { + "id": 3544, + "la": "Sed quoniam firmioribus remediis nondum tempus est et eam mentium constat esse naturam, ut quotiens abiecerint veras falsis opinionibus induantur ex quibus orta perturbationum caligo verum illum confundit intuitum, hanc paulisper lenibus mediocribusque fomentis attenuare temptabo, ut dimotis fallacium affectionum tenebris splendorem verae lucis possis agnoscere", + "en": "But it is not yet time for strong medicines. Mens minds are obviously such that when they lose true opinions they have to take up false ones, and then a fog arises from these false ideas, which obscures that true vision. So I shall try for a while with gentle and moderate applications to lessen that fog, so that when the darkness of those deceptive ideas is removed, you may be able to recognize the glory of the light of truth." + }, + { + "id": 3545, + "la": "Nubibus atris Condita nullum Fundere possunt Sidera lumen Si mare volvens Turbidus Auster Misceat aestum, Vitrea dudum Parque serenis Unda diebus Mox resoluto Sordida caeno Visibus obstat", + "en": "Stars in the dark clouds hid Can give no light. When the south winds storm Stirs up the rolling breakers of the sea, The wave once glass-clear, calm As settled days, Now muddied with the stirred-up bottom sand Obscures our sight." + }, + { + "id": 3546, + "la": "Quique vagatur Montibus altis Defluus amnis, Saepe resistit Rupe soluti Obice saxi Tu quoque si vis Lumine claro Cernere verum, Tramite recto Carpere callem, Gaudia pelle, Pelle timorem Spemque fugato Nec dolor adsit Nubila mens est Vinctaque frenis, Haec ubi regnant.", + "en": "A river wandering down the hills Can be dammed and stopped by fallen rock From the high crags. You too, if you want Clearly to see the truth And to walk the right road straight, Cast out joy, Cast out fear, Rid yourself of hope and grief. The mind is clouded, checked, Where these hold sway." + }, + { + "id": 3547, + "la": "Post haec paulisper obticuit atque ubi attentionem meam modesta taciturnitate collegit, sic exorsa est: Si penitus aegritudinis tuae causas habitumque cognovi, fortunae prioris affectu desiderioque tabescis", + "en": "Then she was silent for a little, and having gained my attention by her quiet modesty, she began thus: If I have properly understood the causes and the nature of your sickness, you are faint with desire and longing for your previous good fortune." + }, + { + "id": 3548, + "la": "Ea tantum animi tui sicuti tu tibi fingis mutata pervertit", + "en": "It is simply the change in your fortune, you imagine, which has so much cast down your spirit." + }, + { + "id": 3549, + "la": "Intellego multiformes illius prodigii fucos et eo usque cum his quos eludere nititur blandissimam familiaritatem, dum intolerabili dolore confundat quos insperata reliquerit", + "en": "I know the many kinds of tricks of that monster, fortune, and especially her charming and friendly manner with those she is trying to cheat, when she crushes with unbearable grief those whom she leaves when they least expect it." + }, + { + "id": 3550, + "la": "Cuius si naturam mores ac meritum reminiscare, nec habuisse te in ea pulchrum aliquid nec amisisse cognosces, sed ut arbitror haud multum tibi haec in memoriam revocare laboraverim", + "en": "If you will just recall what she is and how she behaves, and her true worth, you will recognize that you never had anything worth having at her hands nor have you lost anything. I do not think I should have to work very hard to make you remember this." + }, + { + "id": 3551, + "la": "Solebas enim praesentem quoque blandientemque virilibus incessere verbis eamque de nostro adyto prolatis insectabare sententiis", + "en": "After all, when she was with you, smiling on you, you used to attack her with firm language and chase her with arguments produced from our very sanctuary." + }, + { + "id": 3552, + "la": "Verum omnis subita mutatio rerum non sine quodam quasi fluctu contingit animorum;", + "en": "But such a sudden and complete change in a mans affairs does not happen without some sort of disturbance of the mind," + }, + { + "id": 3553, + "la": "sic factum est ut tu quoque paulisper a tua tranquillitate descisceres", + "en": "and so even you have fallen for a little while from your proper serenity." + }, + { + "id": 3554, + "la": "Sed tempus est haurire te aliquid ac degustare molle atque iucundum quod ad interiora transmissum validioribus haustibus viam fecerit", + "en": "But now it is time for you to take some gentle and pleasant physic, which taken and absorbed will prepare you to take stronger medicines." + }, + { + "id": 3555, + "la": "Adsit igitur Rhetoricae suadela dulcedinis quae tum tantum recto calle procedit, cum nostra instituta non deserit cumque hac Musica laris nostri vernacula nunc leviores nunc graviores modos succinat", + "en": "So let us use the sweet persuasiveness of rhetoric, which can only be kept on the right path if it does not swerve from our precepts, and if it harmonizes, now in a lighter, now in a graver mood, with the music native to our halls." + }, + { + "id": 3556, + "la": "Quid est igitur o homo quod te in maestitiam luctumque deiecit?", + "en": "What then is it, man, that has cast you down so that you weep and wail so much?" + }, + { + "id": 3557, + "la": "Novum, credo, aliquid inusitatumque vidisti", + "en": "You have had an unusual shock, I think." + }, + { + "id": 3558, + "la": "Tu fortunam putas erga te esse mutatam; erras", + "en": "You imagine that fortunes attitude to you has changed; you are wrong." + }, + { + "id": 3559, + "la": "Hi semper eius mores sunt ista natura", + "en": "Such was always her way, such is her nature." + }, + { + "id": 3560, + "la": "Servavit circa te propriam potius in ipsa sui mutabilitate constantiam", + "en": "Instead, all she has done in your case is remain constant to her own inconstancy;" + }, + { + "id": 3561, + "la": "Talis erat cum blandiebatur, cum tibi falsae inlecebris felicitatis alluderet", + "en": "she was just the same when she was smiling, when she deluded you with the allurements of her false happiness." + }, + { + "id": 3562, + "la": "Deprehendisti caeci numinis ambiguos vultus", + "en": "You have merely discovered the changing face of that blind power:" + }, + { + "id": 3563, + "la": "Quae sese adhuc velat aliis, tota tibi prorsus innotuit", + "en": "she who still conceals herself from others has completely revealed herself to you." + }, + { + "id": 3564, + "la": "Si probas, utere moribus; ne queraris", + "en": "If you like her, follow her ways without complaint." + }, + { + "id": 3565, + "la": "Si perfidiam perhorrescis, sperne atque abice perniciosa ludentem", + "en": "If you abhor her treachery, spurn and reject her, that sports so to a mans destruction." + }, + { + "id": 3566, + "la": "Nam quae nunc tibi est tanti causa maeroris, haec eadem tranquillitatis esse debuisset", + "en": "She, you think, is the cause of your great sorrow. Yet that same fortune should have set your heart at rest." + }, + { + "id": 3567, + "la": "Reliquit enim te quam non relicturam nemo umquam poterit esse securus", + "en": "For she has left you; and no-one will ever be able to feel sure that she is not going to leave him." + }, + { + "id": 3568, + "la": "An vero tu pretiosam aestimas abituram felicitatem?", + "en": "Or do you think that happiness precious, which you are bound to lose?" + }, + { + "id": 3569, + "la": "Et cara tibi est fortuna praesens nec manendi fida et cum discesserit adlatura maerorem?", + "en": "Is fortune so dear to you, while she is with you, although she cannot be trusted to stay with you, and will bring you sorrow when she leaves you?" + }, + { + "id": 3570, + "la": "Quod si nec ex arbitrio retineri potest et calamitosos fugiens facit, quid est aliud fugax quam futurae quoddam calamitatis indicium?", + "en": "But if she cannot be held fast by you willing it, and makes those she flees from miserable, what is this fleeting goddess but a sure sign of misery to come?r" + }, + { + "id": 3571, + "la": "Neque enim quod ante oculos situm est, suffecerit intueri; rerum exitus prudentia metitur eademque in alterutro mutabilitas nec formidandas fortunae minas nec exoptandas facit esse blanditias", + "en": "It is never enough for a man to contemplate what is before his eyes: prudence must measure up how things will work out in future, and the very changeableness and ambiguity of the future render impotent the threats of fortune to inspire fear and her flattery to awaken desire for it." + }, + { + "id": 3572, + "la": "Postremo aequo animo toleres oportet quidquid intra fortunae aream geritur, cum semel iugo eius colla submiseris", + "en": "Lastly, once you have submitted your neck to her yoke, you must calmly bear whatever happens to you on fortunes own ground." + }, + { + "id": 3573, + "la": "Quod si manendi abeundique scribere legem velis ei quam tu tibi dominam sponte legisti, nonne iniurius fueris et inpatientia sortem exacerbes quam permutare non possis?", + "en": "And if you wanted to lay down rules for her whom you have freely chosen as your mistress, how long to stay and when to go, would you not be wrong and would you not make your own lot, which you could not change, much worse because of your impatience?" + }, + { + "id": 3574, + "la": "Si ventis vela committeres, non quo voluntas peteret sed quo flatus impellerent, promoveres;", + "en": "If you spread your sails for the wind, you must go where the wind takes you, not where you wish to go;" + }, + { + "id": 3575, + "la": "si arvis semina crederes, feraces inter se annos sterilesque pensares", + "en": "when you cast your seed on the ground, you must weigh the barren years against the good." + }, + { + "id": 3576, + "la": "Fortunae te regendum dedisti;", + "en": "You have given yourself over to fortunes rule:" + }, + { + "id": 3577, + "la": "dominae moribus oportet obtemperes", + "en": "you must accommodate yourself to your mistresss ways." + }, + { + "id": 3578, + "la": "Tu vero volventis rotae impetum retinere conaris?", + "en": "Will you really try to stop the whirl of her turning wheel?" + }, + { + "id": 3579, + "la": "At, omnium mortalium stolidissime, si manere incipit, fors esse desistit", + "en": "Why, you are the biggest fool alive 'if it once stop, it ceases to be the wheel of fortune." + }, + { + "id": 3580, + "la": "Haec cum superba verterit vices dextra Et aestuantis more fertur Euripi, Dudum tremendos saeva proterit reges Humilemque victi sublevat fallax vultum Non illa miseros audit aut curat fletus", + "en": "So with imperious hand she turns the wheel of change This way and that like the ebb and flow of the tide,a And pitiless tramples down those once dread kings, Raising the lowly face of the conquered' Only to mock him in his turn; Careless she neither hears nor heeds the cries Of miserable men:" + }, + { + "id": 3581, + "la": "Ultroque gemitus dura quos fecit ridet", + "en": "she laughs At the groans that she herself has mercilessly caused." + }, + { + "id": 3582, + "la": "Sic illa ludit, sic suas probat vires Magnumque suis demonstrat ostentum, si quis Visatur una stratus ac felix hora", + "en": "So she sports, so she proves her power, Showing a mighty marvel to her subjects, when The self-same hour Sees a man first successful, then cast down." + }, + { + "id": 3583, + "la": "Vellem autem pauca tecum fortunae ipsius verbis agitare", + "en": "But I should like to deal with you for a moment in fortunes own words;" + }, + { + "id": 3584, + "la": "Tu igitur an ius postulet, animadverte", + "en": "and do you think whether she is not right." + }, + { + "id": 3585, + "la": "Quid tu homo ream me cotidianis agis querelis?", + "en": "Why, man, do you daily complain against me," + }, + { + "id": 3586, + "la": "Quam tibi fecimus iniuriam?", + "en": "she says, what hurt have I done you?" + }, + { + "id": 3587, + "la": "Quae tua tibi detraximus bona?", + "en": "What goods of yours have I taken from you?" + }, + { + "id": 3588, + "la": "Quovis iudice de opum dignitatumque mecum possessione contende", + "en": "Contest with me the possession of wealth and office before any judge," + }, + { + "id": 3589, + "la": "Et si cuiusquam mortalium proprium quid horum esse monstraveris, ego iam tua fuisse quae repetis, sponte concedam", + "en": "and if you can show that any such thing is the property of any mortal, I shall immediately and perfectly readily grant that those things you want back were indeed yours." + }, + { + "id": 3590, + "la": "Cum te matris utero natura produxit, nudum rebus omnibus inopemque suscepi, meis opibus fovi et quod te nunc inpatientem nostri facit, favore prona indulgentius educavi, omnium quae mei iuris sunt affluentia et splendore circumdedi", + "en": "When nature brought you out of your mothers womb, I accepted you, naked and poor in all respects; I supported you, and, ready to be kind to you, even pampered you with my wealth, and over-indulgently spoiled you'which is precisely why you are now so angry with me. I surrounded you with every kind of affluence and splendour within my power." + }, + { + "id": 3591, + "la": "Nunc mihi retrahere manum libet", + "en": "Now I am pleased to draw back my hand." + }, + { + "id": 3592, + "la": "Habes gratiam velut usus alienis, non habes ius querelae tamquam prorsus tua perdideris", + "en": "You should thank me, as having enjoyed the use of what was not yours, not complain as if you had lost something of your own." + }, + { + "id": 3593, + "la": "Quid igitur ingemiscis?", + "en": "Now why lament?" + }, + { + "id": 3594, + "la": "Nulla tibi a nobis est allata violentia", + "en": "I have done no violence to you." + }, + { + "id": 3595, + "la": "Opes honores ceteraque talium mei sunt iuris", + "en": "Wealth and honours and other such are under my control, they are my handmaids;" + }, + { + "id": 3596, + "la": "Dominam famulae cognoscunt; mecum veniunt, me abeunte discedunt", + "en": "knowing their mistress, they come, and they go, with me." + }, + { + "id": 3597, + "la": "Audacter adfirmem, si tua forent quae amissa conquereris nullo modo perdidisses", + "en": "I may say quite firmly that if those things the loss of which you complain of were really yours, you would never have lost them." + }, + { + "id": 3598, + "la": "An ego sola meum ius exercere prohibebor?", + "en": "Or will I alone be not allowed to exercise my rights?" + }, + { + "id": 3599, + "la": "Licet caelo proferre lucidos dies eosdemque tenebrosis noctibus condere", + "en": "The sky may bring forth clear days, and then hide them in the darkness of night;" + }, + { + "id": 3600, + "la": "Licet anno terrae vultum nunc floribus frugibusque redimire, nunc nimbis frigoribusque confundere", + "en": "the year may weave a crown of flowers and fruits for the face of the earth, and then confuse and obscure her features with rain and frost;" + }, + { + "id": 3601, + "la": "Ius est mari nunc strato aequore blandiri, nunc procellis ac fluctibus inhorrescere", + "en": "the sea has a right to smile with a smooth stillness, and then shudder and rise with storms and great waves." + }, + { + "id": 3602, + "la": "Nos ad constantiam nostris moribus alienam inexpleta hominum cupiditas alligabit?", + "en": "But I, shall I be bound by the insatiable desire of men to a constancy quite foreign to my nature?" + }, + { + "id": 3603, + "la": "Haec nostra vis est, hunc continuum ludum ludimus; rotam volubili orbe versamus, infima summis summa infimis mutare gaudemus", + "en": "For this is my nature, this is my continual game: turning my wheel swiftly I delight to bring low what is on high, to raise high what is down." + }, + { + "id": 3604, + "la": "Ascende si placet, sed ea lege ne utique cum ludicri mei ratio poscet, descendere iniuriam putes", + "en": "Go up, if you will, but on this condition, that you do not really think it a wrong to have to go down again whenever the course of my sport demands." + }, + { + "id": 3605, + "la": "An tu mores ignorabas meos?", + "en": "You were hardly unaware in my ways!" + }, + { + "id": 3606, + "la": "Nesciebas Croesum regem Lydorum Cyro paulo ante formidabilem mox deinde miserandum rogi flammis traditum misso caelitus imbre defensum?", + "en": "Did you not know the story of Croesus, the king of the Lydians; how he, not long before such a terror to Cyrus, was soon wretchedly given over to be burnt, but saved by a shower from heaven?a" + }, + { + "id": 3607, + "la": "Num te praeterit Paulum Persi regis a se capti calamitatibus pias inpendisse lacrimas?", + "en": "Have you forgotten how Aemilius Paulus, good man that he was, shed tears over the fate of King Perses, whom he had captured?b" + }, + { + "id": 3608, + "la": "Quid tragoediarum clamor aliud deflet nisi indiscreto ictu fortunam felicia regna vertentem?", + "en": "What else is the cry of tragedy but a lament that happy states are overthrown by the indiscriminate blows of fortune?" + }, + { + "id": 3609, + "la": "Nonne adulescentulus o in Iovis limine iacere didicisti?", + "en": "Did you not learn as a youth that on Jupiters threshold there stand two jars, the evils in one, the blessings in the other?c" + }, + { + "id": 3610, + "la": "Quid si uberius de bonorum parte sumpsisti?", + "en": "Suppose you have had more than your share of the goods;" + }, + { + "id": 3611, + "la": "Quid si a te non tota discessi?", + "en": "suppose I have not altogether deserted you;" + }, + { + "id": 3612, + "la": "Quid si haec ipsa mei mutabilitas iusta tibi causa est sperandi meliora?", + "en": "and suppose that this very changeableness of mine is a fair cause for you to hope for better things to come:" + }, + { + "id": 3613, + "la": "Tamen ne animo contabescas et intra commune omnibus regnum locatus proprio vivere iure desideres", + "en": "still you must neither pine away, nor, set as you are in a kingdom which embraces all men, desire to live under a law peculiar to yourself." + }, + { + "id": 3614, + "la": "Si quantas rapidis flatibus incitus Pontus versat harenas Aut quot stelliferis edita noctibus Caelo sidera fulgent Tantas fundat opes nec retrahat manum Pleno copia cornu, Humanum miseras haud ideo genus Cesset flere querellas", + "en": "Should Plenty pour from cornucopia full As much in riches as the sand Stirred up by wind-whipped seas, or as the countless stars That shine in a clear night sky, And never stay her hand, Still would mankind not cease Complaining of their wretchedness." + }, + { + "id": 3615, + "la": "Quamvis vota libens excipiat deus Multi prodigus auri Et claris avidos ornet honoribus, Nil iam parta videntur, Sed quaesita vorans saeva rapacitas Alios pandit hiatus", + "en": "Even were God with much gold prodigal, Answering mens prayers, And heaped bright honours on those wanting them, Their gains would seem to them Nothing: ever their cruel gain-devouring greed Opens new maws." + }, + { + "id": 3616, + "la": "Quae iam praecipitem frena cupidinem Certo fine retentent, Largis cum potius muneribus fluens Sitis ardescit habendi?", + "en": "What curbs Could check within firm bounds this headlong lust, When even in those whose wealth is overflowing The thirst for gain still burns?" + }, + { + "id": 3617, + "la": "Numquam dives agit qui trepidus gemens Sese credit egentem.", + "en": "He is never rich Who trembles and sighs, thinking himself in need." + }, + { + "id": 3618, + "la": "His igitur si pro se tecum fortuna loqueretur, quid profecto contra hisceres non haberes, aut si quid est quo querelam tuam iure tuearis, proferas oportet Dabimus dicendi locum.", + "en": "Now if fortune spoke to you in this way in her own defence, you would not know what to reply, would you? If indeed you do have anything to say that would justify your complaints, you must utter it'you shall have your chance to speak now." + }, + { + "id": 3619, + "la": "Tum ego: Speciosa quidem ista sunt, inquam, oblitaque Rhetoricae ac Musicae melle dulcedinis; tum tantum, cum audiuntur, oblectant", + "en": "Such arguments, I said,have a specious sweet-ness, honeyed as they are with rhetoric and music. While a man listens to them, they please him, wretched though he is," + }, + { + "id": 3620, + "la": "Sed miseris malorum altior sensus est", + "en": "but his sense of his wrongs lies deeper," + }, + { + "id": 3621, + "la": "Itaque cum haec auribus insonare desierint, insitus animum maeror praegravat.", + "en": "so that once they cease to sound in his ears he is oppressed again by the grief deep in his heart." + }, + { + "id": 3622, + "la": "Et illa: Ita est, inquit", + "en": "That is so, she replied;" + }, + { + "id": 3623, + "la": "Haec enim nondum morbi tui remedia sed adhuc contumacis adversum curationem doloris fomenta quaedam sunt", + "en": "for they are not yet intended to be a cure for your ills, but just a sort of poultice for your hurt, which stubbornly resists curing." + }, + { + "id": 3624, + "la": "Nam quae in profundum sese penetrent, cum tempestivum fuerit admovebo", + "en": "I shall apply more deeply penetrating remedies when the right time comes." + }, + { + "id": 3625, + "la": "Verumtamen ne te existimari miserum velis, an numerum modumque tuae felicitatis oblitus es?", + "en": "Yet there is no reason why you should want to be pitied. Have you forgotten the number and the extent of your blessings?" + }, + { + "id": 3626, + "la": "Taceo quod desolatum parente summorum te virorum cura suscepit delectusque in affinitatem principum civitatis, quod pretiosissimum propinquitatis genus est, prius carus quam proximus esse coepisti", + "en": "I shall not mention the fact that when you lost your own father you were cared for by men of the highest rank, and being chosen to become kin to the first men in the state, which is the most valuable kind of kinship, you became dear to them even before you were actually related by marriage." + }, + { + "id": 3627, + "la": "Quis non te felicissimum cum tanto splendore socerorum, cum coniugis pudore, cum masculae quoque prolis opportunitate praedicavit?", + "en": "Who did not call you most happy, in having married into such a splendidly famous family, with such a chaste wife, and with the blessing of sons to follow you?" + }, + { + "id": 3628, + "la": "Praetereo, libet enim praeterire communia, sumptas in adulescentia negatas senibus dignitates;", + "en": "I pass over also'for it is better to pass over what is common knowledge 'the honours granted you in your youth, though denied to older men." + }, + { + "id": 3629, + "la": "ad singularem felicitatis tuae cumulum venire delectat", + "en": "I want to come to the very summit of your success, which was specially yours." + }, + { + "id": 3630, + "la": "Si quis rerum mortalium fructus ullum beatitudinis pondus habet, poteritne illius memoria lucis quantalibet ingruentium malorum mole deleri, cum duos pariter consules liberos tuos domo provehi sub frequentia patrum, sub plebis alacritate vidisti, cum eisdem in curia curules insidentibus tu regiae laudis orator ingenii gloriam facundiaeque meruisti, cum in circo duorum medius consulum circumfusae multitudinis expectationem triumphali largitione satiasti?", + "en": "If genuine happiness ever comes from the affairs of mortals, could the weight of any crowding ills, however great, obliterate the memory of that glory you experienced when you saw your two sons borne from your house together as consuls, in the crowd of Senators and the throng of the rejoicing populace; when you delivered the panegyric in praise of the king with them sitting in the curule chairs in the Senate House, and well deserved the praise you received for your splendid oratory; when between the two of them as consuls in the assembly you satisfied, with the largesse proper to a triumphal occasion, the hopes and expectations of the mob crowding round you?" + }, + { + "id": 3631, + "la": "Dedisti ut opinor verba fortunae, dum te illa demulcet, dum te ut delicias suas fovet", + "en": "I suppose you made fine phrases for fortune then, when she caressed and cuddled you as her darling!" + }, + { + "id": 3632, + "la": "Munus quod nulli umquam privato commodaverat abstulisti", + "en": "You received such a gift as she had never before bestowed on a private citizen." + }, + { + "id": 3633, + "la": "Visne igitur cum fortuna calculum ponere?", + "en": "Do you want to reckon up your account with her?" + }, + { + "id": 3634, + "la": "Nunc te primum liventi oculo praestrinxit", + "en": "Now is the first time she has glanced grudgingly on you." + }, + { + "id": 3635, + "la": "Si numerum modumque laetorum tristiumve consideres, adhuc te felicem negare non possis", + "en": "If you weighed up the number and the kinds of joyful and sad things that have happened to you, you could not deny that up to now you have been fortunate." + }, + { + "id": 3636, + "la": "Quod si idcirco te fortunatum esse non aestimas, quoniam quae tunc laeta videbantur abierunt, non est quod te miserum putes, quoniam quae nunc creduntur maesta praetereunt", + "en": "And if you now think yourself unfortunate, because the things that then seemed joyful to you are passed away, that is really no reason why you should think yourself wretched, for those things that you now think so miserable also pass away." + }, + { + "id": 3637, + "la": "An tu in hanc vitae scaenam nunc primum subitus hospesque venisti?", + "en": "Do you now enter on the stage of this life for the first time, a newcomer and a stranger?" + }, + { + "id": 3638, + "la": "Ullamne humanis rebus inesse constantiam reris, cum ipsum saepe hominem velox hora dissolvat?", + "en": "Do you think there is some constancy in human affairs, when man himself is so swiftly removed from the scene by flying time?" + }, + { + "id": 3639, + "la": "Nam etsi rara est fortuitis manendi fides, ultimus tamen vitae dies mors quaedam fortunae est etiam manentis", + "en": "Even if a man can, very rarely, rely on the gifts of fortune remaining with him, yet the last day of his life is a death also for what fortune does remain." + }, + { + "id": 3640, + "la": "Quid igitur referre putas, tune illam moriendo deseras an te illa fugiendo?", + "en": "Do you think it matters, then, whether you leave fortune behind by dying, or she leaves you?" + }, + { + "id": 3641, + "la": "Cum polo Phoebus roseis quadrigis Lucem spargere coeperit, Pallet albentes hebetata vultus Flammis stella prementibus", + "en": "When Phoebus from his roseate car Begins to spread his light across the sky, His overwhelming fires Dim the white faces of the paling stars." + }, + { + "id": 3642, + "la": "Cum nemus flatu zephyri tepentis Vernis inrubuit rosis, Spiret insanum nebulosus auster: Iam spinis abeat decus", + "en": "Warmed by the west winds gentle breath The groves blush pink with roses in the spring; Let but the stormy south wind madly blow And the thorns are stripped of their loveliness." + }, + { + "id": 3643, + "la": "Saepe tranquillo radiat sereno Immotis mare fluctibus, Saepe ferventes aquilo procellas Verso concitat aequore", + "en": "Sometimes the sea gleams calm, serene, Unruffled; Sometimes the north wind whips up raging storms And overturns the sea." + }, + { + "id": 3644, + "la": "Rara si constat sua forma mundo, Si tantas variat vices, Crede fortunis hominum caducis, Bonis crede fugacibus", + "en": "Earths beauty seldom stays, but ever changes. Go on, then: trust in the passing fortunes, The fleeting pleasures of men!" + }, + { + "id": 3645, + "la": "Constat aeterna positumque lege est Ut constet genitum nihil.", + "en": "It is decreed by firm, eternal law Nothing that comes to be can firm remain." + }, + { + "id": 3646, + "la": "Tum ego: Vera, inquam, commemoras, o virtutum omnium nutrix, nec infitiari possum prosperitatis meae velocissimum cursum", + "en": "Lady, I answered, you who nurture all the virtues, what you say is true; nor can I deny that I did enjoy, however briefly, great prosperity." + }, + { + "id": 3647, + "la": "Sed hoc est quod recolentem vehementius coquit", + "en": "But it is just that which most torments me," + }, + { + "id": 3648, + "la": "Nam in omni adversitate fortunae infelicissimum est genus infortunii fuisse felicem.", + "en": "for in all the adversities of fortune, the most unhappy kind of misfortune is to have known happiness." + }, + { + "id": 3649, + "la": "Sed quod tu, inquit, falsae opinionis supplicium luas, id rebus iure imputare non possis", + "en": "But you cannot rightly blame anything else for the fact that you are punished for your own wrong ideas." + }, + { + "id": 3650, + "la": "Nam si te hoc inane nomen fortuitae felicitatis movet, quam pluribus maximisque abundes mecum reputes licet", + "en": "For if you really take this empty notion of fortuitous happiness seriously, you should consider with me how much great good is still yours." + }, + { + "id": 3651, + "la": "Igitur si quod in omni fortunae tuae censu pretiosissimum possidebas, id tibi divinitus inlaesum adhuc inviolatumque servatur, poterisne meliora quaeque retinens de infortunio iure causari?", + "en": "So if by Gods will that one of your possessions which in the whole reckoning of your fortune was most precious is still preserved unharmed and inviolate, can you, keeping all that is best, rightly talk of your misfortune?" + }, + { + "id": 3652, + "la": "Atqui viget incolumis illud pretiosissimum generis humani decus Symmachus socer et quod vitae pretio non segnis emeres, vir totus ex sapientia virtutibusque factus suarum securus tuis ingemiscit iniuriis", + "en": "First, your father-in-law, Symmachus, that most precious ornament of mankind, lives safely, and being a man wholly formed in wisdom and virtue (a state you would not be slow to purchase even at the cost of your life) and therefore without concern for his own troubles, he laments over yours." + }, + { + "id": 3653, + "la": "Vivit uxor ingenio modesta, pudicitia pudore praecellens et, ut omnes eius dotes breviter includam, patri similis", + "en": "Then again, your wife lives, a good woman excelling in modesty and propriety and'to sum up all her gifts in one phrase'a woman like her father;" + }, + { + "id": 3654, + "la": "Vivit inquam tibique tantum vitae huius exosa spiritum servat quoque uno felicitatem minui tuam vel ipsa concesserim, tui desiderio lacrimis ac dolore tabescit", + "en": "she lives, I say, and goes on living though she detests this life, only for you'and I must admit that in this alone is your happiness lessened, that she is wasting away in tears in her grievous longing for you." + }, + { + "id": 3655, + "la": "Quid dicam liberos consulares quorum iam, ut in id aetatis pueris, vel paterni vel aviti specimen elucet ingenii?", + "en": "Need I speak of your sons, both consuls, who already show, for children of their age, a likeness to their fathers or grandfathers nature?" + }, + { + "id": 3656, + "la": "Cum igitur praecipua sit mortalibus vitae cura retinendae, o te si tua bona cognoscas felicem, cui suppetunt etiam nunc quae vita nemo dubitat esse cariora!", + "en": "Now although it is mens special concern to preserve their own lives, are you not happy, if you recognize your blessings, you who still possess those things which no one doubts are dearer than life?" + }, + { + "id": 3657, + "la": "Quare sicca iam lacrimas", + "en": "So now dry your tears." + }, + { + "id": 3658, + "la": "Nondum est ad unum omnes exosa fortuna nec tibi nimium valida tempestas incubuit, quando tenaces haerent ancorae quae nec praesentis solamen nec futuri spem temporis abesse patiantur.", + "en": "Fortune does not yet hate every single one of your family, nor has too violent a storm overwhelmed you, when those anchors still hold firm which ensure that neither present consolation nor future hope shall be wanting." + }, + { + "id": 3659, + "la": "Et haereant, inquam, precor; illis namque manentibus, utcumque se res habeant, enatabimus", + "en": "I pray they may continue to hold firm, said I. For so long as they are there, I shall not drown, whatever happens." + }, + { + "id": 3660, + "la": "Sed quantum ornamentis nostris decesserit, vides.", + "en": "But you can see how many of my former distinctions have disappeared." + }, + { + "id": 3661, + "la": "Et illa: Promovimus, inquit, aliquantum, si te nondum totius tuae sortis piget", + "en": "Come, we have taken a small step forward, she said, if you are no longer grieved by the whole of your present state." + }, + { + "id": 3662, + "la": "Sed delicias tuas ferre non possum qui abesse aliquid tuae beatitudini tam luctuosus atque anxius conqueraris", + "en": "But I cannot tolerate your luxuriating in your grief to such an extent, peevishly complaining that something is lacking in your happiness." + }, + { + "id": 3663, + "la": "Quis est enim tam conpositae felicitatis ut non aliqua ex parte cum status sui qualitate rixetur?", + "en": "For who is so completely happy that he does not find something to quarrel with in his own condition?" + }, + { + "id": 3664, + "la": "Anxia enim res est humanorum condicio bonorum et quae vel numquam tota proveniat vel numquam perpetua subsistat", + "en": "For the condition of human good fortune is never free from worry; a man never wholly possesses it, nor does it last for ever." + }, + { + "id": 3665, + "la": "Huic census exuberat, sed est pudori degener sanguis;", + "en": "One man has a good deal of property, but is ashamed of his low birth;" + }, + { + "id": 3666, + "la": "hunc nobilitas notum facit, sed angustia rei familiaris inclusus esse mallet ignotus", + "en": "another is known for his high birth, but prefers to remain ignored, shut in by his personal poverty." + }, + { + "id": 3667, + "la": "Ille utroque circumfluus vitam caelibem deflet; ille nuptiis felix orbus liberis alieno censum nutrit heredi", + "en": "Another is rich in both birth and property, but bewails his single state, while another is happily married but being childless preserves and increases his wealth for someone elses children to inherit;" + }, + { + "id": 3668, + "la": "Alius prole laetatus filii filiaeve delictis maestus inlacrimat", + "en": "and he who is blessed with children sadly weeps for his sons or daughters faults." + }, + { + "id": 3669, + "la": "Idcirco nemo facile cum fortunae suae condicione concordat; inest enim singulis quod inexpertus ignoret, expertus exhorreat", + "en": "So, scarcely a man is easily happy with the state of his own fortunes; in every case there are aspects unknown to those not experiencing them but dreadful to those who are." + }, + { + "id": 3670, + "la": "Adde quod felicissimi cuiusque delicatissimus sensus est et nisi ad nutum cuncta suppetant, omnis adversitatis insolens minimis quibusque prosternitur; adeo perexigua sunt quae fortunatissimis beatitudinis summam detrahunt", + "en": "Consider also that he who is most happy is also the most delicately sensitive, so that unless everything is exactly as he wants it to be, he is so unused to any adversity that he is put out by even the least upset. Even the very tiniest thing can topple the most fortunate from the summit of their happiness." + }, + { + "id": 3671, + "la": "Quam multos esse coniectas qui sese caelo proximos arbitrentur, si de fortunae tuae reliquiis pars eis minima contingat?", + "en": "Think how many there are who would think themselves close to paradise if they possessed even the least part of what remains of your fortunes!" + }, + { + "id": 3672, + "la": "Hic ipse locus quem tu exilium vocas, incolentibus patria est; adeo nihil est miserum nisi cum putes contraque beata sors omnis est aequanimitate tolerantis", + "en": "This place itself, which you call a place of exile, is home to those who live here. So nothing is miserable unless you think so, and on the other hand a man who bears all with contentment, finds every state a happy one." + }, + { + "id": 3673, + "la": "Quis est ille tam felix qui cum dederit inpatientiae manus, statum suum mutare non optet?", + "en": "Who is so happy that once he gives in to discontent he would not choose to change his condition?" + }, + { + "id": 3674, + "la": "Quam multis amaritudinibus humanae felicitatis dulcedo respersa est!", + "en": "How many bitter troubles spoil with their spattering the sweetness of a mans happiness!" + }, + { + "id": 3675, + "la": "Quae si etiam fruenti iucunda esse videatur, tamen quo minus cum velit abeat retineri non possit", + "en": "A happiness which even if it seem pleasant to a man when he enjoys it, yet cannot be prevented from passing when it will." + }, + { + "id": 3676, + "la": "Liquet igitur quam sit mortalium rerum misera beatitudo quae nec apud aequanimos perpetua perdurat nec anxios tota delectat", + "en": "So it is very clear how wretched is the happiness of mortal affairs, since it neither endures for the contented nor altogether satisfies the uneasy." + }, + { + "id": 3677, + "la": "Quid igitur o mortales extra petitis intra vos positam felicitatem?", + "en": "Why then do you mortals look outside for happiness when it is really to be found within yourselves?" + }, + { + "id": 3678, + "la": "Error vos inscitiaque confundit", + "en": "Error and ignorance confuse you." + }, + { + "id": 3679, + "la": "Ostendam breviter tibi summae cardinem felicitatis", + "en": "Let me briefly show you on what the greatest happiness really turns." + }, + { + "id": 3680, + "la": "Estne aliquid tibi te ipso pretiosius?", + "en": "Is anything more precious to you than yourself?" + }, + { + "id": 3681, + "la": "Nihil inquies", + "en": "Nothing, you will agree." + }, + { + "id": 3682, + "la": "Igitur si tui compos fueris, possidebis quod nec tu amittere umquam velis nec fortuna possit auferre", + "en": "If therefore you are in possession of yourself, you will possess that which you will never wish to lose, and which fortune cannot take away from you." + }, + { + "id": 3683, + "la": "Atque ut agnoscas in his fortuitis rebus beatitudinem constare non posse, sic collige", + "en": "Now to see that happiness cannot consist in the fortuitous things of this mortal life, look at it in this way." + }, + { + "id": 3684, + "la": "Si beatitudo est summum naturae bonum ratione degentis nec est summum bonum quod eripi ullo modo potest, quoniam praecellit id quod nequeat auferri, manifestum est quoniam ad beatitudinem percipiendam fortunae instabilitas adspirare non possit", + "en": "If happiness is the highest good of a rational nature, and that cannot be the highest good which can in any way be taken away'because clearly that which cannot be taken away is higher'then surely the instability of fortune cannot aspire to the attainment of happiness." + }, + { + "id": 3685, + "la": "Ad haec quem caduca ista felicitas vehit vel scit eam vel nescit esse mutabilem", + "en": "Again, he who is borne up on this fallible happiness must either know or not know that it is changeable." + }, + { + "id": 3686, + "la": "Si nescit, quaenam beata sors esse potest ignorantiae caecitate?", + "en": "If he does not know, can his state truly be a happy one in such blind ignorance?" + }, + { + "id": 3687, + "la": "Si scit, metuat necesse est, ne amittat quod amitti posse non dubitat; quare continuus timor non sinit esse felicem", + "en": "If he does know, he must fear that he may lose that which he knows can be lost, and his continual fear will prevent him being happy." + }, + { + "id": 3688, + "la": "An vel si amiserit, neglegendum putat?", + "en": "Or does he think that when he does lose it, it does not matter?" + }, + { + "id": 3689, + "la": "Sic quoque perexile bonum est quod aequo animo feratur amissum", + "en": "Then it must be an insignificant little good the loss of which he can bear so calmly!" + }, + { + "id": 3690, + "la": "Et quoniam tu idem es cui persuasum atque insitum permultis demonstrationibus scio mentes hominum nullo modo esse mortales cumque clarum sit fortuitam felicitatem corporis morte finiri, dubitari nequit, si haec afferre beatitudinem potest, quin omne mortalium genus in miseriam mortis fine labatur", + "en": "Now since you are still the same man who was deeply convinced by many proofs, as I know, that the minds of men are by no means mortal, and since it is obvious that the fortuitous happiness of the body is ended by death, you cannot now doubt that if such bodily pleasure can bring happiness, yet every kind of mortal thing falls into misery in the end, at death." + }, + { + "id": 3691, + "la": "Quod si multos scimus beatitudinis fructum non morte solum verum etiam doloribus suppliciisque quaesisse, quonam modo praesens facere beatos potest quae miseros transacta non efficit?", + "en": "But if we know that many have sought the enjoyment of happiness not simply through death but even through pain and suffering, how can this present life make them happy, when its being past does not make them miserable?" + }, + { + "id": 3692, + "la": "Quisquis volet perennem Cautus ponere sedem Stabilisque nec sonori Sterni flatibus Euri", + "en": "The prudent man Intending to build a house to last Stable, not to be tumbled down By the south-east wind with its noisy blast," + }, + { + "id": 3693, + "la": "Et fluctibus minantem Curat spernere pontum, Montis cacumen alti, Bibulas vitet harenas", + "en": "Nor crumbled by the sea With its threatening waves, Will avoid the mountain top And the thirsty desert sand;" + }, + { + "id": 3694, + "la": "Illud protervus Auster Totis viribus urget, Hae pendulum solutae Pondus ferre recusant", + "en": "The one is buffeted By all the force of the violent south wind; The other shifts And will not bear the heavy-hanging weight." + }, + { + "id": 3695, + "la": "Fugiens periculosam Sortem sedis amoenae Humili domum memento Certus figere saxo", + "en": "Run from the risks of a beautiful place That might be dangerous. Be careful, certain: build your house On a low, rock base." + }, + { + "id": 3696, + "la": "Quamvis tonet ruinis Miscens aequora ventus, Tu conditus quieti Felix robore valli Duces serenus aevum Ridens aetheris iras", + "en": "Then though the wind thunder and make A ruinous turmoil of the troubled sea, You, safe settled and content Within your own strong walls, Will quietly live your life Smiling at all the anger of the skies." + }, + { + "id": 3697, + "la": "Sed quoniam rationum iam in te mearum fomenta descendunt, paulo validioribus utendum puto", + "en": "But since you are now well warmed by the poultices of my arguments, I think it is now time to use rather stronger medicines." + }, + { + "id": 3698, + "la": "Age enim si iam caduca et momentaria fortunae dona non essent, quid in eis est quod aut vestrum umquam fieri queat aut non perspectum consideratumque vilescat?", + "en": "Come now, suppose that the gifts of fortune were not transient and purely temporary, is there any among them which could ever become truly yours or which on proper examination is not seen to be worthless?" + }, + { + "id": 3699, + "la": "Divitiaene vel vestrae vel sui natura pretiosae sunt?", + "en": "Are riches either really yours or precious by their own nature?" + }, + { + "id": 3700, + "la": "Quid earum potius, aurumne an vis congesta pecuniae?", + "en": "If so, what part of them especially, the gold, or the piles of money?" + }, + { + "id": 3701, + "la": "Atqui haec effundendo magis quam coacervando melius nitent, si quidem avaritia semper odiosos, claros largitas facit", + "en": "But riches are more splendid in the spending than in the getting, since avarice makes men hated, but liberality makes them famous." + }, + { + "id": 3702, + "la": "Quod si manere apud quemque non potest quod transfertur in alterum, tunc est pretiosa pecunia cum translata in alios largiendi usu desinit possideri", + "en": "Yet if that cannot remain with a man which passes to another, then money is precious just when it passes over to others, and in being liberally given ceases to be possessed." + }, + { + "id": 3703, + "la": "At eadem si apud unum quanta est ubique gentium congeratur, ceteros sui inopes fecerit", + "en": "If all the money there is in the world were heaped together in one mans possession, it would make all the rest of men live in lack of it." + }, + { + "id": 3704, + "la": "Et vox quidem tota pariter multorum replet auditum; vestrae vero divitiae nisi comminutae in plures transire non possunt", + "en": "The voice wholly fills the ears of many hearers simultaneously, but your riches cannot pass to many unless they are split into small parts first." + }, + { + "id": 3705, + "la": "Quod cum factum est, pauperes necesse est faciant quos relinquunt", + "en": "When that is done, those who part with money must necessarily become poorer." + }, + { + "id": 3706, + "la": "O igitur angustas inopesque divitias quas nec habere totas pluribus licet et ad quemlibet sine ceterorum paupertate non veniunt!", + "en": "Well then, O riches, how poor and mean you are! You can neither be wholly possessed by many nor come to any man without impoverishing others!" + }, + { + "id": 3707, + "la": "An gemmarum fulgor oculos trahit?", + "en": "Are your eyes attracted by glittering jewels?" + }, + { + "id": 3708, + "la": "Sed si quid est in hoc splendore praecipui, gemmarum est lux illa non hominum, quas quidem mirari homines vehementer admiror", + "en": "But even if their sparkling is in any way wonderful, the light is the gems, not mens, and I am amazed that men admire them so." + }, + { + "id": 3709, + "la": "Quid est enim carens animae motu atque compage quod animatae rationabilique naturae pulchrum esse iure videatur?", + "en": "What is there, lacking the structure and movement of the living spirit, which a living, rational being could rightly think beautiful?" + }, + { + "id": 3710, + "la": "Quae tametsi conditoris opera suique distinctione postremae aliquid pulchritudinis trahunt, infra vestram tamen excellentiam conlocatae admirationem vestram nullo modo merebantur", + "en": "Although through the work of the Creator and because of their own peculiarities they have something of the lower kind of beauty, yet they are so far beneath your excellence as a man that they did not by any means deserve your admiration." + }, + { + "id": 3711, + "la": "An vos agrorum pulchritudo delectat? Quidni? Est enim pulcherrimi operis pulchra portio", + "en": "Does the beauty of the countryside delight you? As why should it not? It is a beautiful part of the whole creation, which is beautiful." + }, + { + "id": 3712, + "la": "Sic quondam sereni maris facie gaudemus; sic caelum sidera lunam solemque miramur", + "en": "So we sometimes take pleasure in the calm aspect of the sea, and so also we admire the sky with its stars and the moon and the sun." + }, + { + "id": 3713, + "la": "Num te horum aliquid attingit?", + "en": "Does any of these things belong to you?" + }, + { + "id": 3714, + "la": "Num audes alicuius talium splendore gloriari?", + "en": "Dare you boast of the splendour of any of them?" + }, + { + "id": 3715, + "la": "An vernis floribus ipse distingueris aut tua in aestivos fructus intumescit ubertas?", + "en": "Are you adorned with flowers in spring? Is it your plenteousness which grows big with summer fruits?" + }, + { + "id": 3716, + "la": "Quid inanibus gaudiis raperis?", + "en": "Why are you captivated by empty pleasures," + }, + { + "id": 3717, + "la": "Quid externa bona pro tuis amplexaris?", + "en": "why embrace external goods as though they were your own?" + }, + { + "id": 3718, + "la": "Numquam tua faciet esse fortuna quae a te natura rerum fecit aliena", + "en": "Fortune will never make yours what nature has made otherwise." + }, + { + "id": 3719, + "la": "Terrarum quidem fructus animantium procul dubio debentur alimentis", + "en": "The fruits of the earth are surely intended for the sustenance of living things." + }, + { + "id": 3720, + "la": "Sed si, quod naturae satis est, replere indigentiam velis, nihil est quod fortunae affluentiam petas", + "en": "But if you want to satisfy your needs, which is enough for nature, there is no need to ask fortune for abundance." + }, + { + "id": 3721, + "la": "Paucis enim minimisque natura contenta est, cuius satietatem si superfluis urgere velis, aut iniucundum quod infuderis fiet aut noxium", + "en": "For nature is content with few things and small: if you want to overlay that satisfaction with superfluity, then what you add will be either unpleasant or positively harmful." + }, + { + "id": 3722, + "la": "Iam vero pulchrum variis fulgere vestibus putas, quarum si grata intuitu species est, aut materiae naturam aut ingenium mirabor artificis", + "en": "Perhaps now you think it fine to be admired in a variety of clothes? If their appearance is pleasing to the eye, I admire either the material itself or the skill of the tailor." + }, + { + "id": 3723, + "la": "An vero te longus ordo famulorum facit esse felicem?", + "en": "But perhaps a great household of servants makes you happy?" + }, + { + "id": 3724, + "la": "Qui si vitiosi moribus sint, perniciosa domus sarcina et ipsi domino vehementer inimica;", + "en": "If they are wicked in their ways, they are a ruinous burden on the house and highly dangerous to the master himself;" + }, + { + "id": 3725, + "la": "sin vero probi, quonam modo in tuis opibus aliena probitas numerabitur?", + "en": "but if they are honest, how can the honesty of others be counted among your own possessions?" + }, + { + "id": 3726, + "la": "Ex quibus omnibus nihil horum quae tu in tuis conputas bonis tuum esse bonum liquido monstratur", + "en": "So it is clearly shown by all this that, of what you count among your goods, none is a good of yours." + }, + { + "id": 3727, + "la": "Quibus si nihil inest appetendae pulchritudinis, quid est quod vel amissis doleas vel laeteris retentis?", + "en": "And if they have no beauty in them which you should seek, why should you grieve when they are lost or rejoice when you hold on to them?" + }, + { + "id": 3728, + "la": "Quod si natura pulchra sunt, quid id tua refert?", + "en": "If they are beautiful by their own nature, what has that to do with you?" + }, + { + "id": 3729, + "la": "Nam haec per se a tuis quoque opibus sequestrata placuissent", + "en": "For they would have pleased of themselves quite separated from your possessions." + }, + { + "id": 3730, + "la": "sed quoniam pretiosa videbantur, tuis ea divitiis adnumerare maluisti", + "en": "It is not that they are precious because they form part of your riches, but you preferred to count them among your riches because you thought them precious." + }, + { + "id": 3731, + "la": "Quid autem tanto fortunae strepitu desideratis?", + "en": "But what do you so noisily demand of fortune?" + }, + { + "id": 3732, + "la": "Fugare credo indigentiam copia quaeritis", + "en": "You want, I think, to banish need with plenty." + }, + { + "id": 3733, + "la": "Atqui hoc vobis in contrarium cedit", + "en": "But yet you achieve exactly the opposite." + }, + { + "id": 3734, + "la": "Pluribus quippe adminiculis opus est ad tuendam pretiosae supellectilis varietatem, verumque illud est permultis eos indigere qui permulta possideant contraque minimum qui abundantiam suam naturae necessitate non ambitus superfluitate metiantur", + "en": "For you need a good many aids to help you guard your many kinds of precious furniture! And it is true that they need very many things who have very great possessions, while they need least who measure their sufficiency by the requirements of nature, not by the excesses of ambitious vanity." + }, + { + "id": 3735, + "la": "Itane autem nullum est proprium vobis atque insitum bonum ut in externis ac sepositis rebus bona vestra quaeratis?", + "en": "Have you no personal good of your own within yourself, that you seek your goods in other things, externally?" + }, + { + "id": 3736, + "la": "Sic rerum versa condicio est ut divinum merito rationis animal non aliter sibi splendere nisi inanimatae supellectilis possessione videatur?", + "en": "Is the state of nature so upside-down that man, a living and rational'and therefore godlike'animal, can only appear splendid to himself by the possession of lifeless stuff?" + }, + { + "id": 3737, + "la": "Et alia quidem suis contenta sunt; vos autem deo mente consimiles ab rebus infimis excellentis naturae ornamenta captatis nec intellegitis quantum conditori vestro faciatis iniuriam", + "en": "Other things are content with what is their own; but you men, like God in your minds, seek to bedeck your nature, excellent that it is, with lower things, and do not see how greatly you injure your maker." + }, + { + "id": 3738, + "la": "Ille genus humanum terrenis omnibus praestare voluit; vos dignitatem vestram infra infima quaeque detruditis", + "en": "He wanted man to be above all earthly things; you men reduce your worth to less than that of the lowest." + }, + { + "id": 3739, + "la": "Nam si omne cuiusque bonum eo cuius est constat esse pretiosius, cum vilissima rerum vestra bona esse iudicatis, eisdem vosmet ipsos vestra existimatione submittitis, quod quidem haud immerito cadit", + "en": "For if it is agreed that the good of anything is of higher worth than that whose good it is, then when you judge the lowest things to be your goods, you put yourselves in your own estimation lower than them'and entirely deservedly!" + }, + { + "id": 3740, + "la": "Humanae quippe naturae ista condicio est ut tum tantum ceteris rebus cum se cognoscit excellat, eadem tamen infra bestias redigatur, si se nosse desierit", + "en": "For the nature of man is such that he is better than other things only when he knows himself, and yet if he ceases to know himself he is made lower than the brutes." + }, + { + "id": 3741, + "la": "Nam ceteris animantibus sese ignorare naturae est; hominibus vitio venit", + "en": "For it is natural for other animals not to have this self-knowledge; in man it is a fault." + }, + { + "id": 3742, + "la": "Quam vero late patet vester hic error qui ornari posse aliquid ornamentis existimatis alienis? At id fieri nequit", + "en": "How far from your true state have you wandered when you think you can be at all improved by the addition of the beauties of other things! That cannot be;" + }, + { + "id": 3743, + "la": "Nam si quid ex appositis luceat, ipsa quidem quae sunt apposita laudantur;", + "en": "if something seem fine because of its wrappings, it is the wrappings that are praised," + }, + { + "id": 3744, + "la": "illud vero his tectum atque velatum in sua nihilo minus foeditate perdurat", + "en": "while what is covered and hidden by them persists no less foul and ugly underneath." + }, + { + "id": 3745, + "la": "Ego vero nego ullum esse bonum quod noceat habenti", + "en": "Now I maintain that nothing is good which harms its possessor." + }, + { + "id": 3746, + "la": "Num id mentior? Minime, inquis", + "en": "Am I wrong? Of course not, you answer." + }, + { + "id": 3747, + "la": "Atqui divitiae possidentibus persaepe nocuerunt, cum pessimus quisque eoque alieni magis avidus quidquid usquam auri gemmarumque est se solum qui habeat dignissimum putat", + "en": "Yet riches have often harmed their possessors, since every man of base character, and therefore the more greedy for others goods, thinks himself the only one really worthy to possess all the gold and jewels there are." + }, + { + "id": 3748, + "la": "Tu igitur qui nunc contum gladiumque sollicitus pertimescis, si vitae huius callem vacuus viator intrasses, coram latrone cantares", + "en": "So you who now anxiously fear to be attacked and murdered, had you entered on this lifes road an empty-handed traveller, would laugh at robbers." + }, + { + "id": 3749, + "la": "O praeclara opum mortalium beatitudo quam cum adeptus fueris securus esse desistis!", + "en": "O marvellous blessedness of mortal riches! When you have gained that, you have lost your safety." + }, + { + "id": 3750, + "la": "Felix nimium prior aetas Contenta fidelibus arvis Nec inerti perdita luxu, Facili quae sera solebat Ieiunia solvere glande", + "en": "How happy was that earlier age When men content depended on the trusty land, And not yet sunk in idle luxury Sated their hunger only at their need With acorns gathered with ease." + }, + { + "id": 3751, + "la": "Non Bacchica munera norant Liquido confundere melle Nec lucida vellera Serum Tyrio miscere veneno", + "en": "They had not learned to mix Wine with clear honey; Nor to dye shining silken stuffs With Tyrian purple." + }, + { + "id": 3752, + "la": "Somnos dabat herba salubres, Potum quoque lubricus amnis, Umbras altissima pinus", + "en": "The greensward gave them healthy sleep, The gliding river water for their thirst, And the tall pine a shadow from the sun." + }, + { + "id": 3753, + "la": "Nondum maris alta secabat Nec mercibus undique lectis", + "en": "Not yet did they cut deep waters with their ships, Nor seeking trade abroad" + }, + { + "id": 3754, + "la": "Nova litora viderat hospes", + "en": "Stand strangers on an unknown shore." + }, + { + "id": 3755, + "la": "Tunc classica saeva tacebant, Odiis neque fusus acerbis Cruor horrida tinxerat arva", + "en": "There was no sound of savage bugle-calls, Nor had mens blood been shed in bitter hate Staining the scrubby fields." + }, + { + "id": 3756, + "la": "Quid enim furor hosticus ulla Vellet prior arma movere, Cum vulnera saeva viderent Nec praemia sanguinis ulla?", + "en": "For why should any man in furious enmity Want to strike first When he could see what cruel wounds would come With no reward for blood?" + }, + { + "id": 3757, + "la": "Utinam modo nostra redirent In mores tempora priscos!", + "en": "Would that our present times Would now return to those good ancient ways!" + }, + { + "id": 3758, + "la": "Sed saevior ignibus Aetnae Fervens amor ardet habendi", + "en": "But fiercer now than Etnas fires Burns the hot lust for gain." + }, + { + "id": 3759, + "la": "Heu primus quis fuit ille Auri qui pondera tecti Gemmasque latere volentes Pretiosa pericula fodit?", + "en": "Ah who was he Who first dug out those perilous precious things' Nuggets of gold, which had lain concealed, And gems, far better hid?" + }, + { + "id": 3760, + "la": "Quid autem de dignitatibus potentiaque disseram quae vos verae dignitatis ac potestatis inscii caelo exaequatis?", + "en": "But what shall I say of your worthy offices and power, which you praise to high heaven, being ignorant of true worth and real power?" + }, + { + "id": 3761, + "la": "Quae si in improbissimum quemque ceciderunt, quae flammis Aetnae eructantibus, quod diluvium tantas strages dederint?", + "en": "When such things have fallen into the hands of the worst of men, what Etnas with belching flames or what floods have caused greater destruction?" + }, + { + "id": 3762, + "la": "Certe, uti meminisse te arbitror, consulare imperium, quod libertatis principium fuerat, ob superbiam consulum vestri veteres abolere cupiverunt, qui ob eandem superbiam prius regium de civitate nomen abstulerant", + "en": "Certainly your old Romans once, as you remember, I expect, wanted to abolish the power of the consuls, which had earlier been the beginning of Roman liberty, because of the arrogance of the consuls'those same Romans who because of the same arrogance had formerly removed the power and the name of kings from the state." + }, + { + "id": 3763, + "la": "At si quando, quod perrarum est, probis deferantur, quid in eis aliud quam probitas utentium placet?", + "en": "And whenever such offices and powers have'very rarely!'been given to good men, surely the only acceptable goodness seen in those powers and offices has been that of the men possessing them?" + }, + { + "id": 3764, + "la": "Ita fit ut non virtutibus ex dignitate sed ex virtute dignitatibus honor accedat", + "en": "So it comes about not that virtues are honoured because of office, but office because of the virtue of the holders." + }, + { + "id": 3765, + "la": "Quae vero est ista vestra expetibilis ac praeclara potentia?", + "en": "Now what is this famous power of yours, so much sought after?" + }, + { + "id": 3766, + "la": "Nonne, o terrena animalia, consideratis quibus qui praesidere videamini?", + "en": "Will you not consider, earthbound animals that you are, whom you think you command, and in what manner?" + }, + { + "id": 3767, + "la": "Nunc si inter mures videres unum aliquem ius sibi ac potestatem prae ceteris vindicantem, quanto movereris cachinno!", + "en": "If you saw one mouse among many claiming to have rightful power over the rest, how you would laugh!" + }, + { + "id": 3768, + "la": "Quid vero, si corpus spectes, inbecillius homine reperire queas quos saepe muscularum quoque vel morsus vel in secreta quaeque reptantium necat introitus?", + "en": "Now if you look at the body only, what can you find weaker than man, whom a little fly often kills with its bite or by crawling into some innermost part?" + }, + { + "id": 3769, + "la": "Quo vero quisquam ius aliquod in quempiam nisi in solum corpus et quod infra corpus est, fortunam loquor, possit exserere?", + "en": "How could anyone exert any power over anyone else except over his body, or over what is inferior to his body, that is, his fortune?" + }, + { + "id": 3770, + "la": "Num quidquam libero imperabis animo?", + "en": "Can you ever command a free mind in anything?" + }, + { + "id": 3771, + "la": "Num mentem firma sibi ratione cohaerentem de statu propriae quietis amovebis?", + "en": "Can you ever disturb the natural calm of a mind made whole and one by firm reason?" + }, + { + "id": 3772, + "la": "Cum liberum quendam virum suppliciis se tyrannus adacturum putaret, ut adversum se factae coniurationis conscios proderet, linguam ille momordit atque abscidit et in os tyranni saevientis abiecit;", + "en": "When a tyrant thought he was going to drive a free man by torture to betray those conspiring against him, the man bit off his own tongue and spat it in the face of that raging tyrant.a" + }, + { + "id": 3773, + "la": "ita cruciatus, quos putabat tyrannus materiam crudelitatis, vir sapiens fecit esse virtutis", + "en": "So the very torture which the tyrant thought was the instrument of his cruelty the philosopher made the instrument of virtue." + }, + { + "id": 3774, + "la": "Quid autem est quod in alium facere quisquam possit, quod sustinere ab alio ipse non possit?", + "en": "What is there that anyone can do to a man which he might not have done to himself by another?" + }, + { + "id": 3775, + "la": "Busiridem accipimus necare hospites solitum ab Hercule hospite fuisse mactatum", + "en": "We read that Busiris used to murder his guests, and that he himself was killed by his guest Hercules." + }, + { + "id": 3776, + "la": "Regulus plures Poenorum bello captos in vincla coniecerat, sed mox ipse victorum catenis manus praebuit", + "en": "Regulus had chained in prison many Carthaginians taken in war, but then he himself found his hands bound by the chains of his captors." + }, + { + "id": 3777, + "la": "Ullamne igitur eius hominis potentiam putas, qui quod ipse in alio potest, ne id in se alter valeat efficere non possit?", + "en": "Do you think that that man has any real power who cannot prevent another from doing to him what he himself can do to others?" + }, + { + "id": 3778, + "la": "Ad haec si ipsis dignitatibus ac potestatibus inesset aliquid naturalis ac proprii boni, numquam pessimis provenirent", + "en": "Consider also that if those offices and powers had in them any natural and proper good they would never be possessed by evil men;" + }, + { + "id": 3779, + "la": "Neque enim sibi solent adversa sociari; natura respuit ut contraria quaeque iungantur", + "en": "for it is not usual for opposites to be associated'nature rejects the conjunction of contraries." + }, + { + "id": 3780, + "la": "Ita cum pessimos plerumque dignitatibus fungi dubium non sit, illud etiam liquet natura sui bona non esse quae se pessimis haerere patiantur", + "en": "Therefore since there is no doubt that offices are often filled by evil men, this also is clear, that they are not good in their nature, since they allow themselves to be joined with evil in this way." + }, + { + "id": 3781, + "la": "Quod quidem de cunctis fortunae muneribus dignius existimari potest, quae ad improbissimum quemque uberiora perveniunt", + "en": "The same may be very rightly held true of all the gifts of fortune which evil men all enjoy so abundantly." + }, + { + "id": 3782, + "la": "De quibus illud etiam considerandum puto, quod nemo dubitat esse fortem, cui fortitudinem inesse conspexerit, et cuicumque velocitas adest manifestum est esse velocem", + "en": "Now we can also look at it in this way. No one hesitates to call that man brave in whom he sees bravery present, and clearly he is swift who possesses swiftness;" + }, + { + "id": 3783, + "la": "Sic musica quidem musicos, medicina medicos, rhetorice rhetores facit", + "en": "so too art makes a man an artist, medicine makes him a medical man, and rhetoric makes him an orator." + }, + { + "id": 3784, + "la": "Agit enim cuiusque rei natura quod proprium est nec contrariarum rerum miscetur effectibus et ultro quae sunt aversa depellit", + "en": "The nature of each produces what is proper to it, and is not mixed with contrary effects, but naturally rejects what is opposed to it." + }, + { + "id": 3785, + "la": "Atqui nec opes inexpletam restinguere avaritiam queunt nec potestas sui compotem fecerit quem vitiosae libidines insolubilibus adstrictum retinent catenis, et collata improbis dignitas non modo non efficit dignos, sed prodit potius et ostentat indignos", + "en": "Yet riches cannot get rid of avarice, for it is insatiable, nor can power give a man self-control if he is too firmly in the grip of sinful lusts; and a high office given to dishonest men not only does not make them worthy of it, but rather betrays and publishes their unworthiness." + }, + { + "id": 3786, + "la": "Cur ita provenit?", + "en": "Why is this so?" + }, + { + "id": 3787, + "la": "Gaudetis enim res sese aliter habentes falsis compellare nominibus quae facile ipsarum rerum redarguuntur effectu;", + "en": "Because you delight to give to things which are really otherwise names they should not bear and which are easily shown to be false by the effects of the things themselves," + }, + { + "id": 3788, + "la": "itaque nec illae divitiae nec illa potentia nec haec dignitas iure appellari potest", + "en": "so that this cannot rightly be called wealth, nor that really power, nor the other truly an honour." + }, + { + "id": 3789, + "la": "Postremo idem de tota concludere fortuna licet in qua nihil expetendum, nihil nativae bonitatis inesse manifestum est, quae nec se bonis semper adiungit et bonos quibus fuerit adiuncta non efficit", + "en": "Lastly, we may draw the same conclusion in the matter of a mans fortune as a whole, in which there is obviously nothing really worth the seeking, no natural goodness, since it is not always conjoined with good men, nor does it make good those to whom it is joined." + }, + { + "id": 3790, + "la": "Novimus quantas dederit ruinas Urbe flammata patribusque caesis Fratre qui quondam ferus interempto Matris effuso maduit cruore Corpus et visu gelidum pererrans Ora non tinxit lacrimis, sed esse Censor extincti potuit decoris", + "en": "We know what great destruction that man caused The city blazing, Senators killed, His brother murdered, and his savage hand Wet with the blood that from his mother flowed' He could gaze on her cold corpse And not shed tears But coolly criticize her beauty dead.a" + }, + { + "id": 3791, + "la": "Hic tamen sceptro populos regebat Quos videt condens radios sub undas Phoebus extremo veniens ab ortu, Quos premunt septem gelidi triones, Quos Notus sicco violentus aestu Torret ardentes recoquens harenas", + "en": "And yet beneath his sceptres sway he held Peoples the sun sees as he sinks in western waves After his rising in the farthest east, Those beneath the cold stare of the Bear And those burnt by the harsh south wind That bakes the hot dry sands." + }, + { + "id": 3792, + "la": "Tum ego: Scis, inquam, ipsa minimum nobis ambitionem mortalium rerum fuisse dominatam Sed materiam gerendis rebus optavimus quo ne virtus tacita consenesceret.", + "en": "You know yourself that ambition for mortal things governed me very little; but I wanted the chance to take an active part in affairs of state, so that what powers for good I possess might not wither with age unused." + }, + { + "id": 3793, + "la": "Et illa: Atqui hoc unum est quod praestantes quidem natura mentes sed nondum ad extremam manum virtutum perfectione perductas allicere possit, gloriae scilicet cupido et optimorum in rem publicam fama meritorum; quae quam sit exilis et totius vacua ponderis, sic considera", + "en": "Yet that is the only thing that could attract minds which are naturally outstanding, but not yet brought to the perfecting of their virtues to their finished condition: namely the desire for glory and the reputation of having deserved well of the state. How unsubstantial that glory is, how totally without weight, you may learn in this way." + }, + { + "id": 3794, + "la": "Omnem terrae ambitum, sicuti astrologicis demonstrationibus accepisti, ad caeli spatium puncti constat obtinere rationem, id est ut, si ad caelestis globi magnitudinem conferatur, nihil spatii prorsus habere iudicetur", + "en": "You have learned from astronomical proofsa that the whole circle of our earth is but a point in comparison with the extent of the whole heavens; that is, if it is compared in size with the celestial sphere, it is judged to have no size at all." + }, + { + "id": 3795, + "la": "Huius igitur tam exiguae in mundo regionis quarta fere portio est, sicut Ptolomaeo probante didicisti, quae nobis cognitis animantibus incolatur", + "en": "Of this very tiny part of the universe only a quarter, as you know from Ptolemysb proofs, is inhabited by living things known to us." + }, + { + "id": 3796, + "la": "Huic quartae, si quantum maria paludesque premunt quantumque siti vasta regio distenditur cogitatione subtraxeris, vix angustissima inhabitandi hominibus area relinquetur", + "en": "If in your imagination you subtract from that quarter all that is covered by seas and marshes and all the regions which extend in dried-up deserts, only a very narrow portion indeed is left for habitation by men." + }, + { + "id": 3797, + "la": "In hoc igitur minimo puncti quodam puncto circumsaepti atque conclusi de pervulganda fama, de proferendo nomine cogitatis?", + "en": "Now is it in this tightly-enclosed and tiny point, itself but part of a point, that you think of spreading your reputation, of glorifying your name?" + }, + { + "id": 3798, + "la": "Aut quid habeat amplum magnificumque gloria tam angustis exiguisque limitibus artata?", + "en": "What grandeur or magnificence can glory have, contracted within such small and narrow limits?" + }, + { + "id": 3799, + "la": "Adde quod hoc ipsum brevis habitaculi saeptum plures incolunt nationes lingua, moribus, totius vitae ratione distantes, ad quas tum difficultate itinerum tum loquendi diversitate tum commercii insolentia non modo fama hominum singulorum sed ne urbium quidem pervenire queat", + "en": "Consider also that in this little habitable enclosure there live many nations, different in language and customs and in their whole ways of life; because of the difficulties of travel, and differences of language, and the rarity of trading contacts, the fame not merely of individual men but even of cities cannot reach them all." + }, + { + "id": 3800, + "la": "Aetate denique Marci Tullii, sicut ipse quodam loco significat, nondum Caucasum montem Romanae rei publicae fama transcenderat, et erat tunc adulta Parthis etiam ceterisque id locorum gentibus formidolosa", + "en": "Lastly, in Ciceros time, as he himself says somewhere,a the fame of the Roman state had not yet gone beyond the Caucasus, though Rome was then in her prime and feared by Parthians and other peoples in that region." + }, + { + "id": 3801, + "la": "Videsne igitur quam sit angusta, quam compressa gloria quam dilatare ac propagare laboratis?", + "en": "Do you then see how narrow, how contracted is that glory which you labour to increase and spread abroad?" + }, + { + "id": 3802, + "la": "An ubi Romani nominis transire fama nequit, Romani hominis gloria progredietur?", + "en": "Or shall the glory of one Roman go where the fame of Rome herself cannot?" + }, + { + "id": 3803, + "la": "Quid quod diversarum gentium mores inter se atque instituta discordant, ut quod apud alios laude apud alios supplicio dignum iudicetur", + "en": "Besides, the customs and conventions of different peoples vary so much that what is praised in one may be judged deserving of punishment in another." + }, + { + "id": 3804, + "la": "Quod fit ut si quem famae praedicatio delectat, huic in plurimos populos nomen proferre nullo modo conducat", + "en": "This is why even if a man is delighted to have his fame publicly proclaimed, it is by no means to his advantage to have his name spread abroad among many nations." + }, + { + "id": 3805, + "la": "Erit igitur pervagata inter suos gloria quisque contentus et intra unius gentis terminos praeclara illa famae immortalitas coartabitur", + "en": "Each man must therefore be content to have his glory well-known among his own people, and the glorious immortality of his fame must be restricted within the bounds of one nation." + }, + { + "id": 3806, + "la": "Sed quam multos clarissimos suis temporibus viros scriptorum inops delevit oblivio!", + "en": "But how many men famous in their own time are now completely forgotten, for want of written record?" + }, + { + "id": 3807, + "la": "Quamquam quid ipsa scripta proficiant, quae cum suis auctoribus premit longior atque obscura vetustas?", + "en": "Though what is the value of such records themselves when they and their writers are lost in the obscurity of long ages?" + }, + { + "id": 3808, + "la": "Vos vero inmortalitatem vobis propagare videmini, cum futuri famam temporis cogitatis", + "en": "Yet you suppose that you provide for your own immortality when you are concerned for your future fame." + }, + { + "id": 3809, + "la": "Quod si aeternitatis infinita spatia pertractes, quid habes quod de nominis tui diuturnitate laeteris?", + "en": "But if you really consider the infinite space of eternity, have you any reason to rejoice in the long life of your own name?" + }, + { + "id": 3810, + "la": "Unius etenim mora momenti, si decem milibus conferatur annis, quoniam utrumque spatium definitum est, minimam, licet, habet tamen aliquam portionem", + "en": "For, one moment compared with ten thousand years, since each is a determinate length of time, is a certain proportion, even if a very small fraction;" + }, + { + "id": 3811, + "la": "At hic ipse numerus annorum eiusque quamlibet multiplex ad interminabilem diuturnitatem ne comparari quidem potest", + "en": "but even that length of years, or any multiple of it, cannot be compared at all with the infinite length of time." + }, + { + "id": 3812, + "la": "Etenim finitis ad se invicem fuerit quaedam, infiniti vero atque finiti nulla umquam poterit esse collatio", + "en": "For there can be a comparison between finite things, but there can never be any proportion between the finite and the infinite." + }, + { + "id": 3813, + "la": "Ita fit ut quamlibet prolixi temporis fama, si cum inexhausta aeternitate cogitetur, non parva sed plane nulla esse videatur", + "en": "That is why however long a time fame last, if it is thought of in the context of boundless eternity, it is clearly seen to be, not small, but nothing at all." + }, + { + "id": 3814, + "la": "Vos autem nisi ad populares auras inanesque rumores recte facere nescitis et relicta conscientiae virtutisque praestantia de alienis praemia sermunculis postulatis", + "en": "Yet you do not know how to act rightly unless you are favoured by the changing winds of popularity and empty rumour, and ignoring the excellence of the knowledge of your own virtue, you ask for the rewards of the common chatter of other men." + }, + { + "id": 3815, + "la": "Accipe in huiusmodi arrogantiae levitate quam festive aliquis inluserit", + "en": "Hear now how one man joked about the triviality of this kind of arrogance." + }, + { + "id": 3816, + "la": "Nam cum quidam adortus esset hominem contumeliis, qui non ad verae virtutis usum sed ad superbam gloriam falsum sibi philosophi nomen induerat, adiecissetque iam se sciturum, an ille philosophus esset, si quidem illatas iniurias leniter patienterque tolerasset, ille patientiam paulisper adsumpsit acceptaque contumelia velut insultans: Iam tandem , inquit, intellegis me esse philosophum?", + "en": "He had insultingly attacked a man who had falsely assumed the title of philosopher, not for the practice of true virtue but simply from vanity, to increase his own glory; and he added that he would know he was really a philosopher if he bore all the injuries heaped upon him calmly and patiently. The other adopted a patient manner for a time and bore the insults, and then said tauntingly: Now do you recognize that I am a philosopher?" + }, + { + "id": 3817, + "la": "Tum ille nimium mordaciter: Intellexeram, inquit, si tacuisses.", + "en": "To which the first very cuttingly replied: I should have, had you kept silent.a" + }, + { + "id": 3818, + "la": "Quid autem est quod ad praecipuos viros, de his enim sermo est, qui virtute gloriam petunt, quid, inquam, est quod ad hos de fama post resolutum morte suprema corpus attineat?", + "en": "But what has fame to offer men of the best sort'for these are the ones we are talking about, whose means to glory has been their virtue'what indeed, I ask, after death has finally destroyed the body?" + }, + { + "id": 3819, + "la": "Nam si, quod nostrae rationes credi vetant, toti moriuntur homines, nulla est omnino gloria, cum is cuius ea esse dicitur non exstet omnino", + "en": "If men wholly perish (which our arguments in fact forbid us to believe), glory is really nothing at all, since he to whom it is said to belong will no longer exist." + }, + { + "id": 3820, + "la": "Sin vero bene sibi mens conscia terreno carcere resoluta caelum libera petit, nonne omne terrenum negotium spernat quae se caelo fruens terrenis gaudet exemptam?", + "en": "If however a mind fully aware of its own nature, loosed from its earthly prison, is free to seek its heavenly home, will it not despise all earthly affairs, and in the joy of heaven rejoice to be freed from earthly things?" + }, + { + "id": 3821, + "la": "Quicumque solam mente praecipiti petit Summumque credit gloriam, Late patentes aetheris cernat plagas Artumque terrarum situm", + "en": "The man who rushes after glory And nothing else, thinking it highest of all, Let him compare the vastness of the heavens With the narrowness of earth:" + }, + { + "id": 3822, + "la": "Brevem replere non valentis ambitum Pudebit aucti nominis", + "en": "Hell blush for his proud name that cannot satisfy Even his brief ambition." + }, + { + "id": 3823, + "la": "Quid o superbi colla mortali iugo Frustra levare gestiunt?", + "en": "Why do men in their pride'and yet in vain!' Long to shake from their necks the yoke Of their mortality?" + }, + { + "id": 3824, + "la": "Licet remotos fama per populos means Diffusa linguas explicet Et magna titulis fulgeat claris domus, Mors spernit altam gloriam, Involvit humile pariter et celsum caput Aequatque summis infima", + "en": "Though fame may spread abroad Loosing the tongues of many different peoples, And though a great house blaze with many a famous title, Death despises the heights of glory, Enfolds alike the humble and the proud, Making the lowest equal to the highest." + }, + { + "id": 3825, + "la": "Ubi nunc fidelis ossa Fabricii manent, Quid Brutus aut rigidus Cato?", + "en": "Where now are the bones of good Fabricius? What is Brutus now, or stern old Cato?" + }, + { + "id": 3826, + "la": "Signat superstes fama tenuis pauculis Inane nomen litteris", + "en": "What little fame is left them'just their names In a few old stories!" + }, + { + "id": 3827, + "la": "Sed quod decora novimus vocabula, Num scire consumptos datur?", + "en": "And if we read and learn their glorious names Do we then know the dead?" + }, + { + "id": 3828, + "la": "Iacetis ergo prorsus ignorabiles Nec fama notos efficit", + "en": "And so you too will all be quite forgotten, Nor can fame make you known by any man." + }, + { + "id": 3829, + "la": "Quod si putatis longius vitam trahi Mortalis aura nominis, Cum sera vobis rapiet hoc etiam dies, Iam vos secunda mors manet", + "en": "And if you think you may live longer yet At least as a name alive on the lips of men, When your last day takes even this from you, Theres still to come That second death." + }, + { + "id": 3830, + "la": "Sed ne me inexorabile contra fortunam gerere bellum putes, est aliquando cum de hominibus illa, fallax illa nihil, bene mereatur, tum scilicet cum se aperit, cum frontem detegit moresque profitetur", + "en": "But in case you think I am inexorably hostile to fortune, know that there is a time when she deserves well of men, not deceiving them at all: when she shows herself clearly, uncovering her face and declaring her ways." + }, + { + "id": 3831, + "la": "Nondum forte quid loquar intellegis", + "en": "Perhaps you do not yet understand what I am saying." + }, + { + "id": 3832, + "la": "Mirum est quod dicere gestio, eoque sententiam verbis explicare vix queo", + "en": "What I want to tell you is something wonderful, which makes it very difficult for me to put it into words." + }, + { + "id": 3833, + "la": "Etenim plus hominibus reor adversam quam prosperam prodesse fortunam", + "en": "For I think that ill fortune is better for men than good." + }, + { + "id": 3834, + "la": "Illa enim semper specie felicitatis cum videtur blanda, mentitur; haec semper vera est, cum se instabilem mutatione demonstrat", + "en": "Fortune always cheats when she seems to smile, with the appearance of happiness, but is always truthful when she shows herself to be inconstant by changing." + }, + { + "id": 3835, + "la": "Illa fallit, haec instruit, illa mendacium specie bonorum mentes fruentium ligat, haec cognitione fragilis felicitatis absolvit", + "en": "The first kind of fortune deceives, the second instructs; the one binds the minds of those who enjoy goods that cheatingly only seem to be good, the other frees them with the knowledge of the fragility of mortal happiness." + }, + { + "id": 3836, + "la": "Itaque illam videas ventosam, fluentem suique semper ignaram, hanc sobriam succinctamque et ipsius adversitatis exercitatione prudentem", + "en": "So you can see that the one is inconstant, always running hither and thither, uncertain of herself; and the other is steady, well prepared and'with the practice of adversity itself'wise." + }, + { + "id": 3837, + "la": "Postremo felix a vero bono devios blanditiis trahit, adversa plerumque ad vera bona reduces unco retrahit", + "en": "Lastly fortune when apparently happy leads men astray by her blandishments, wandering from the true good; when she is adverse, she commonly draws them back, as it were with a hook, towards it." + }, + { + "id": 3838, + "la": "An hoc inter minima aestimandum putas quod amicorum tibi fidelium mentes haec aspera, haec horribilis fortuna detexit, haec tibi certos sodalium vultus ambiguosque secrevit, discedens suos abstulit, tuos reliquit?", + "en": "Surely you do not think it wholly unimportant that this rough and unpleasant fortune has discovered those friends who are truly loyal to you, and has divided the honest from the dishonest among your companions, by taking her own kind with her when she left you, leaving your sort with you?" + }, + { + "id": 3839, + "la": "Quanti hoc integer, ut videbaris tibi fortunatus, emisses!", + "en": "How dearly would you have bought such knowledge in your unaffected and'as you thought'fortunate state!" + }, + { + "id": 3840, + "la": "Nunc et amissas opes querere; quod pretiosissimum divitiarum genus est amicos invenisti", + "en": "As it is, you are even complaining of your lost wealth: but you have found the most precious of all kinds of riches'true friends." + }, + { + "id": 3841, + "la": "Quod mundus stabili fide Concordes variat vices, Quod pugnantia semina Foedus perpetuum tenent, Quod Phoebus roseum diem Curru provehit aureo, Ut quas duxerit Hesperos Phoebe noctibus imperet, Ut fluctus avidum mare Certo fine coerceat, Ne terris liceat vagis Latos tendere terminos, Hanc rerum seriem ligat Terras ac pelagus regens Et caelo imperitans amor", + "en": "In regular harmony The world moves through its changes; Seeds in competition with each other Are held in balance by eternal law; Phoebus brings rosy dawns In his golden chariot That his sister Phoebe may rule the nights That Hesperus brings; The waves of the greedy sea Are kept within fixed bounds, Nor may the land move out And extend its limits." + }, + { + "id": 3842, + "la": "Hic si frena remiserit, Quidquid nunc amat invicem Bellum continuo geret Et quam nunc socia fide Pulchris motibus incitant, Certent solvere machinam", + "en": "What binds all things to order, Governing earth and sea and sky, Is love. If loves rein slackened All things now held by mutual love At once would fall to warring with each other Striving to wreck that engine of the world Which now they drive In mutual trust with motion beautiful." + }, + { + "id": 3843, + "la": "Hic sancto populos quoque Iunctos foedere continet, Hic et coniugii sacrum Castis nectit amoribus, Hic fidis etiam sua Dictat iura sodalibus", + "en": "And love joins peoples too By a sacred bond, And ties the knot of holy matrimony That binds chaste lovers, Joins too with its law All faithful comrades." + }, + { + "id": 3844, + "la": "O felix hominum genus, Si vestros animos amor Quo caelum regitur regat.", + "en": "O happy race of men, If the love that rules the stars May also rule your hearts!" + }, + { + "id": 3845, + "la": "Iam cantum illa finiverat, cum me audiendi avidum stupentemque arrectis adhuc auribus carminis mulcedo defixerat", + "en": "She had just finished singing, while the sweetness of her song held me with still attentive ears, struck silent, and eager to listen further." + }, + { + "id": 3846, + "la": "Itaque paulo post: O, inquam, summum lassorum solamen animorum quam tu me vel sententiarum pondere vel canendi etiam iucunditate refovisti!", + "en": "So after a little while I said: O best of comforters of weary spirits, how well you have revived me with the weight of your arguments and also with the delights of your songs!" + }, + { + "id": 3847, + "la": "Adeo ut iam me post haec inparem fortunae ictibus esse non arbitrer", + "en": "So well that now I no longer think myself unequal to the blows of fortune." + }, + { + "id": 3848, + "la": "Itaque remedia quae paulo acriora esse dicebas, non modo non perhorresco, sed audiendi avidus vehementer efflagito.", + "en": "So now I am not only not terrified of those remedies you described as somewhat more bitter, but I do most strongly urge you to administer them, since I am eager to listen further." + }, + { + "id": 3849, + "la": "Tum illa: Sensi, inquit, cum verba nostra tacitus attentusque rapiebas, eumque tuae mentis habitum vel exspectavi vel, quod est verius, ipsa perfeci", + "en": "I felt it was so, she said in reply, when you were so absorbed, silent and attentive, by what I was saying, and I expected'or, more truly, I brought about 'your present state of mind." + }, + { + "id": 3850, + "la": "Talia sunt quippe quae restant, ut degustata quidem mordeant, interius autem recepta dulcescant", + "en": "Those remedies that are left now are like those that sting on the tongue, but sweeten once taken within." + }, + { + "id": 3851, + "la": "Sed quod tu te audiendi cupidum dicis, quanto ardore flagrares, si quonam te ducere aggrediamur agnosceres!", + "en": "But you say you are desirous to hear more: with what desire you would burn if you knew where I am going to lead you!" + }, + { + "id": 3852, + "la": "Quonam? inquam Ad veram, inquit, felicitatem, quam tuus quoque somniat animus, sed occupato ad imagines visu ipsam illam non potest intueri.", + "en": "Where? I asked. To that true happiness, said she, which your spirit, too, dreams of, but cannot see as it really is because your sight is too occupied with images." + }, + { + "id": 3853, + "la": "Tum ego: Fac obsecro et quae illa vera sit, sine cunctatione demonstra.", + "en": "Then I said: Tell me, show me without delay, I beg you, what that true happiness is." + }, + { + "id": 3854, + "la": "Faciam, inquit illa, tui causa libenter", + "en": "I shall willingly, she answered, for your sake." + }, + { + "id": 3855, + "la": "Sed quae tibi causa notior est, eam prius designare verbis atque informare conabor ut ea perspecta cum in contrariam partem flexeris oculos, verae beatitudinis speciem possis agnoscere", + "en": "But first I shall try to describe in words and delineate a subject better known to you, so that, when you have seen that clearly, you may, since you will then have turned your eyes on its opposite, recognize the appearance of true blessedness." + }, + { + "id": 3856, + "la": "Qui serere ingenuum volet agrum, Liberat arva prius fructibus, Falce rubos filicemque resecat, Ut nova fruge gravis Ceres eat", + "en": "Whoever wants to sow a virgin field, First clears the ground of scrub, And with his sickle cuts down fern and bramble, That Ceres may come, heavy with new grain." + }, + { + "id": 3857, + "la": "Dulcior est apium mage labor, Si malus ora prius sapor edat", + "en": "Bees honey is sweeter far If first a bitter flavour bites the mouth." + }, + { + "id": 3858, + "la": "Gratius astra nitent ubi Notus Desinit imbriferos dare sonos", + "en": "The stars shine brighter When the south wind has ceased its noisy rain." + }, + { + "id": 3859, + "la": "Lucifer ut tenebras pepulerit Pulchra dies roseos agit equos", + "en": "When the morning star has driven away the dark, Fair the day drives its rosy steeds." + }, + { + "id": 3860, + "la": "Tu quoque falsa tuens bona prius Incipe colla iugo retrahere", + "en": "So must you too, who now have eyes Only for false goods, first begin To draw your neck from the yoke," + }, + { + "id": 3861, + "la": "Vera dehinc animum subierint", + "en": "That then the true may slip into your mind." + }, + { + "id": 3862, + "la": "Tum defixo paululum visu et velut in augustam suae mentis sedem recepta sic coepit: Omnis mortalium cura quam multiplicium studiorum labor exercet, diverso quidem calle procedit, sed ad unum tamen beatitudinis finem nititur pervenire", + "en": "Then for a little her look was cast down and, as if withdrawn into the depths of her noble mind, she began: The whole concern of men, which the effort of a multitude of pursuits keeps busy, moves by different roads, yet strives to arrive at one and the same end, that of happiness." + }, + { + "id": 3863, + "la": "Id autem est bonum quo quis adepto nihil ulterius desiderare queat", + "en": "Now that is the good which, once a man attains it, leaves no room for further desires." + }, + { + "id": 3864, + "la": "Quod quidem est omnium summum bonorum cunctaque intra se bona continens, cui si quid aforet summum esse non posset, quoniam relinqueretur extrinsecus quod posset optari", + "en": "And it is the highest of all goods, containing in itself all that is good, for if there were anything lacking to it, it could not be the highest good, since there would remain something outside it which could be desired." + }, + { + "id": 3865, + "la": "Liquet igitur esse beatitudinem statum bonorum omnium congregatione perfectum", + "en": "So it is clear that happiness is that state which is perfect since all goods are gathered together in it." + }, + { + "id": 3866, + "la": "Hunc, uti diximus, diverso tramite mortales omnes conantur adipisci", + "en": "This it is, as I have said, that all men strive to obtain by various paths;" + }, + { + "id": 3867, + "la": "Est enim mentibus hominum veri boni naturaliter inserta cupiditas, sed ad falsa devius error abducit", + "en": "for the desire for the true good is naturally inborn in the minds of men, but they are led astray after false goods." + }, + { + "id": 3868, + "la": "Quorum quidem alii summum bonum esse nihilo indigere credentes ut divitiis affluant elaborant;", + "en": "Now some men believe that the highest good is to want nothing, so that they labour to abound in riches;" + }, + { + "id": 3869, + "la": "alii vero bonum quod sit dignissimum veneratione iudicantes adeptis honoribus reverendi civibus suis esse nituntur", + "en": "but others hold whatever is most worthy of honour to be the good, and strive to be honoured and respected by their fellow citizens for the distinctions they receive." + }, + { + "id": 3870, + "la": "Sunt qui summum bonum in summa potentia esse constituant;", + "en": "There are some who think that the highest good lies in the greatest power;" + }, + { + "id": 3871, + "la": "hi vel regnare ipsi volunt vel regnantibus adhaerere conantur", + "en": "these either wish themselves to rule, or try to attach themselves to those who rule." + }, + { + "id": 3872, + "la": "At quibus optimum quiddam claritas videtur, hi vel belli vel pacis artibus gloriosum nomen propagare festinant", + "en": "But those who think fame is something very good hasten to spread their names abroad, made glorious through some skill in war or peace." + }, + { + "id": 3873, + "la": "Plurimi vero boni fructum gaudio laetitiaque metiuntur; hi felicissimum putant voluptate diffluere", + "en": "More, however, measure their enjoyment of the good in terms of joy and gladness, and think it most happy to abandon themselves to pleasure." + }, + { + "id": 3874, + "la": "Sunt etiam qui horum fines causasque alterutro permutent, ut qui divitias ob potentiam voluptatesque desiderant vel qui potentiam seu pecuniae causa seu proferendi nominis appetunt", + "en": "And there are those too who interchange and intermingle these various aims and motives, such as those who desire riches for the sake of power or pleasure, or those who seek power for the sake of wealth or to advance their own fame." + }, + { + "id": 3875, + "la": "In his igitur ceterisque talibus humanorum actuum votorumque versatur intentio, veluti nobilitas favorque popularis quae videntur quandam claritudinem comparare, uxor ac liberi quae iucunditatis gratia petuntur;", + "en": "So, to these and to all other such things are the aims and purposes of mens acts and prayers related: so noble rank and the support of the populace are sought after because they appear to acquire some sort of renown, or a wife and children are sought after for the pleasure they give;" + }, + { + "id": 3876, + "la": "amicorum vero quod sanctissimum quidem genus est, non in fortuna sed in virtute numeratur, reliquum vero vel potentiae causa vel delectationis assumitur", + "en": "but the most sacred kind of good is that of friendship, a good reckoned not a matter of fortune but of virtue, while any other kind is chosen for the sake of power or delight." + }, + { + "id": 3877, + "la": "Iam vero corporis bona promptum est ut ad superiora referantur", + "en": "Now all the goods connected with the body can easily be related to the things mentioned above:" + }, + { + "id": 3878, + "la": "Robur enim magnitudoque videtur praestare valentiam, pulchritudo atque velocitas celebritatem, salubritas voluptatem; quibus omnibus solam beatitudinem desiderari liquet", + "en": "physical strength and size seem to provide influence; beauty and swiftness, fame; and health, pleasure. In all of these things it is obviously happiness alone that is desired;" + }, + { + "id": 3879, + "la": "Nam quod quisque prae ceteris petit, id summum esse iudicat bonum", + "en": "for whatever a man seeks above all else, that he reckons the highest good." + }, + { + "id": 3880, + "la": "Sed summum bonum beatitudinem esse definivimus; quare beatum esse iudicat statum quem prae ceteris quisque desiderat", + "en": "But we have denned the highest good as happiness: wherefore each man judges that state to be happy which he desires above all others." + }, + { + "id": 3881, + "la": "Habes igitur ante oculos propositam fere formam felicitatis humanae'opes, honores, potentiam, gloriam, voluptates", + "en": "So now you have as it were set before your eyes the delineaments of human happiness: wealth, honour, power, glory, pleasure." + }, + { + "id": 3882, + "la": "Quae quidem sola considerans Epicurus consequenter sibi summum bonum voluptatem esse constituit, quod cetera omnia iucunditatem animo videantur afferre", + "en": "Epicurusa looked only at these things, and consequently decided that for him the highest good was pleasure, since all the others seemed to bring delight to the mind." + }, + { + "id": 3883, + "la": "Sed ad hominum studia revertor, quorum animus etsi caligante memoria tamen bonum suum repetit, sed velut ebrius domum quo tramite revertatur ignorat", + "en": "But I turn back to the endeavours of men: for mans mind, though the memory of it is clouded, yet does seek again its proper good,b but like a drunken man cannot find by what path it may return home." + }, + { + "id": 3884, + "la": "Num enim videntur errare hi qui nihilo indigere nituntur?", + "en": "For are they really wrong, who strive to lack nothing?" + }, + { + "id": 3885, + "la": "Atqui non est aliud quod aeque perficere beatitudinem possit quam copiosus bonorum omnium status nec alieni egens sed sibi ipse sufficiens", + "en": "But surely there is nothing else so conducive to perfect happiness as a condition possessing plenty of all goods, needing no others help, but being self-sufficient." + }, + { + "id": 3886, + "la": "Num vero labuntur hi qui quod sit optimum, id etiam reverentiae cultu dignissimum putent? Minime", + "en": "Are they indeed mistaken, who think that whatever is best is also most worthy of reverence and respect? Of course not:" + }, + { + "id": 3887, + "la": "Neque enim vile quiddam contemnendumque est quod adipisci omnium fere mortalium laborat intentio", + "en": "for that cannot be base and contemptible which the efforts and labour of almost all men strive to obtain." + }, + { + "id": 3888, + "la": "An in bonis non est numeranda potentia? Quid igitur?", + "en": "Is power not to be accounted a good? Why, surely" + }, + { + "id": 3889, + "la": "Num imbecillum ac sine viribus aestimandum est, quod omnibus rebus constat esse praestantius?", + "en": "we are not to think that to be feeble and lacking in vigour which it is agreed is more excellent than all else?" + }, + { + "id": 3890, + "la": "An claritudo nihili pendenda est?", + "en": "Is fame to be rated as nothing?" + }, + { + "id": 3891, + "la": "Sed sequestrari nequit quin omne quod excellentissimum sit id etiam videatur esse clarissimum", + "en": "Yet it cannot be set aside that all that is most excellent also seems to be most famous." + }, + { + "id": 3892, + "la": "Nam non esse anxiam tristemque beatitudinem nec doloribus molestiisque subiectam quid attinet dicere, quando in minimis quoque rebus id appetitur quod habere fruique delectet?", + "en": "Is there any point in saying that happiness is not worried or depressed, not subject to pain or vexation? Since even in the least things men seek that which they delight to have and to enjoy." + }, + { + "id": 3893, + "la": "Atqui haec sunt quae adipisci homines volunt eaque de causa divitias, dignitates, regna, gloriam voluptatesque desiderant quod per haec sibi sufficientiam, reverentiam, potentiam, celebritatem, laetitiam credunt esse venturam", + "en": "These surely are the things men want to gain, and for that reason they desire riches, high office, the rule of men, glory and pleasure, because they believe that through them they will achieve sufficiency, respect, power, celebrity and joy." + }, + { + "id": 3894, + "la": "Bonum est igitur quod tam diversis studiis homines petunt; in quo quanta sit naturae vis facile monstratur, cum licet variae dissidentesque sententiae tamen in diligendo boni fine consentiunt", + "en": "The good is therefore that which men pursue in so many different endeavours; and we can easily see how great is natures power in this, since although opinions vary and differ so much, yet they agree in loving the same end, the good." + }, + { + "id": 3895, + "la": "Quantas rerum flectat habenas Natura potens, quibus immensum Legibus orbem provida servet Stringatque ligans inresoluto Singula nexu, placet arguto Fidibus lentis promere cantu", + "en": "I have decided now In clear song, with my pliant strings, to show What great control Nature in her power Wields over all things, with what laws She in her foresight keeps the vast universe Tied fast, each single thing, in indissoluble bonds." + }, + { + "id": 3896, + "la": "Quamvis Poeni pulchra leones Vincula gestent manibusque datas Captent escas metuantque trucem Soliti verbera ferre magistrum, Si cruor horrida tinxerit ora, Resides olim redeunt animi Fremituque gravi meminere sui;", + "en": "Though lions from Carthage wear fine-fashioned chains And eat out of a mans hand, And fear'being used to beatings'their harsh master, If blood once touch their bristling jaws Their long inactive spirits straight revive, With rumbling growls they are themselves again," + }, + { + "id": 3897, + "la": "Laxant nodis colla solutis Primusque lacer dente cruento Domitor rabidas imbuit iras", + "en": "Shake their necks free from broken knots, And the first to slake their rage, torn by their bloodstained teeth, Is their trainer." + }, + { + "id": 3898, + "la": "Quae canit altis garrula ramis Ales caveae clauditur antro;", + "en": "The tree-top loving, chirruping bird Is shut in a coop like a cavern." + }, + { + "id": 3899, + "la": "Huic licet inlita pocula melle Largasque dapes dulci studio Ludens hominum cura ministret, Si tamen arto saliens texto Nemorum gratas viderit umbras, Sparsas pedibus proterit escas, Silvas tantum maesta requirit, Silvas dulci voce susurrat", + "en": "Men treat her as a toy and care for her With kindliness putting in honeyed drink And food in plenty: Yet if she sees, hopping in her narrow cage, The beloved shade of trees, She scatters her food beneath her feet And all she wants is her woods, Sings sadly, softly, sweetly of her woods." + }, + { + "id": 3900, + "la": "Validis quondam viribus acta Pronum flectit virga cacumen;", + "en": "Bend now, with all your strength, A saplings top to the ground:" + }, + { + "id": 3901, + "la": "Hanc si curvans dextra remisit, Recto spectat vertice caelum", + "en": "But if the right hand bowing it let go Its top again points straight up to the sky." + }, + { + "id": 3902, + "la": "Cadit Hesperias Phoebus in undas, Sed secreto tramite rursus Currum solitos vertit ad ortus", + "en": "Phoebus sinks under western waves But by a secret path again He turns his car To his accustomed rising." + }, + { + "id": 3903, + "la": "Repetunt proprios quaeque recursus Redituque suo singula gaudent Nec manet ulli traditus ordo Nisi quod fini iunxerit ortum Stabilemque sui fecerit orbem", + "en": "Each thing seeks its own way back And coming back is glad; None is consigned to any ordered course Save that which links the end to the beginning And makes its cycle firm." + }, + { + "id": 3904, + "la": "Vos quoque, o terrena animalia, tenui licet imagine vestrum tamen principium somniatis verumque illum beatitudinis finem licet minime perspicaci qualicumque tamen cogitatione prospicitis eoque vos et ad verum bonum naturalis ducit intentio et ab eodem multiplex error abducit", + "en": "And you also, earthly creatures that you are, have some image, though hazy, in your dreams of your beginning; you see, though with a far from clear imagination yet with some idea, that true end of your happiness. Your natural inclinations draw you towards that end, to the true good, though mistaken notions of many kinds lead you away from it." + }, + { + "id": 3905, + "la": "Considera namque an per ea quibus se homines adepturos beatitudinem putant ad destinatum finem valeant pervenire", + "en": "For consider, can men come to the end they set themselves through those things by which they think they will obtain happiness?" + }, + { + "id": 3906, + "la": "Si enim vel pecuniae vel honores ceteraque tale quid afferunt cui nihil bonorum abesse videatur, nos quoque fateamur fieri aliquos horum adeptione felices", + "en": "For if money or honours or the rest do produce any such thing, from which no good seems to be lacking, even we should admit that some men are made happy by getting them." + }, + { + "id": 3907, + "la": "Quod si neque id valent efficere quod promittunt bonisque pluribus carent, nonne liquido falsa in eis beatitudinis species deprehenditur?", + "en": "But if they cannot perform what they promise, but lack many goods, is not the appearance of happiness that they produce clearly false?" + }, + { + "id": 3908, + "la": "Primum igitur te ipsum qui paulo ante divitiis affluebas, interrogo:", + "en": "First then, I ask you yourself, you who were not so long ago very wealthy, were you never," + }, + { + "id": 3909, + "la": "inter illas abundantissimas opes numquamne animum tuum concepta ex qualibet iniuria confudit anxietas?", + "en": "among all your vast riches, troubled in mind by some anxiety, arising from some wrong or other?" + }, + { + "id": 3910, + "la": "Atqui, inquam, libero me fuisse animo quin aliquid semper angerer reminisci non queo.", + "en": "I certainly cannot remember, I answered, that my mind was so free that it was not always in some way tormented." + }, + { + "id": 3911, + "la": "Nonne quia vel aberat quod abesse non velles vel aderat quod adesse noluisses?", + "en": "Was it not either because something was missing that you wanted, or because something you did not want was present?" + }, + { + "id": 3912, + "la": "Ita est, inquam Illius igitur praesentiam huius absentiam desiderabas?", + "en": "Yes, I said. So you desired the presence of the one, and the absence of the other?" + }, + { + "id": 3913, + "la": "Confiteor, inquam Eget vero, inquit, eo quod quisque desiderat?", + "en": "That is so, I said. Now any man must lack that thing which he desires?" + }, + { + "id": 3914, + "la": "Eget, inquam Qui vero eget aliquo, non est usquequaque sibi ipse sufficiens?", + "en": "Yes, he must, said I. But whoever lacks anything, is not completely self-sufficient?" + }, + { + "id": 3915, + "la": "Minime, inquam Tu itaque hanc insufficientiam plenus, inquit, opibus sustinebas?", + "en": "No, he is certainly not, I said. So, did you, loaded with wealth as you were, she said, feel this insufficiency?" + }, + { + "id": 3916, + "la": "Quidni? inquam", + "en": "Why not? I asked." + }, + { + "id": 3917, + "la": "Opes igitur nihilo indigentem sufficientemque sibi facere nequeunt et hoc erat quod promittere videbantur", + "en": "Then wealth cannot make a man self-sufficient, lacking nothing, though this was what it seemed to promise." + }, + { + "id": 3918, + "la": "Atqui hoc quoque maxime considerandum puto quod nihil habeat suapte natura pecunia ut his a quibus possidetur invitis nequeat auferri.", + "en": "And I think that this also is specially worth considering, that there is nothing in the nature of money which prevents its being taken away from those who possess it, against their will." + }, + { + "id": 3919, + "la": "Fateor, inquam Quidni fateare, cum eam cotidie valentior aliquis eripiat invito?", + "en": "I grant that, I said. Why shouldnt you grant it, since every day someone who is stronger takes it from another against his will?" + }, + { + "id": 3920, + "la": "Unde enim forenses querimoniae nisi quod vel vi vel fraude nolentibus pecuniae repetuntur ereptae?", + "en": "What else causes all the lawsuits, if not that someone is trying to get back money that has been taken against their will by force or by fraud?" + }, + { + "id": 3921, + "la": "Ita est, inquam Egebit igitur, inquit, extrinsecus petito praesidio quo suam pecuniam quisque tueatur?", + "en": "That is so, said I. So, said she, a man will need some help sought from outside himself by which to keep his money safe?" + }, + { + "id": 3922, + "la": "Quis id, inquam, neget? Atqui non egeret eo, nisi possideret pecuniam quam posset amittere?", + "en": "Who would deny it? I asked. But he would not need it, did he not possess money, which he could lose." + }, + { + "id": 3923, + "la": "Dubitari, inquam, nequit. In contrarium igitur relapsa res est;", + "en": "There is no doubt of that, said I. So the very opposite is true to what was expected." + }, + { + "id": 3924, + "la": "nam quae sufficientes sibi facere putabantur opes, alieno potius praesidio faciunt indigentes", + "en": "Wealth, which was thought to make a man self-sufficient, actually makes him need anothers help." + }, + { + "id": 3925, + "la": "Quis autem modus est quo pellatur divitiis indigentia?", + "en": "And by what means does wealth get rid of need?" + }, + { + "id": 3926, + "la": "Num enim divites esurire nequeunt?", + "en": "Can rich men not get hungry," + }, + { + "id": 3927, + "la": "Num sitire non possunt?", + "en": "can they not be thirsty," + }, + { + "id": 3928, + "la": "Num frigus hibernum pecuniosorum membra non sentiunt?", + "en": "do the bodies of the moneyed men not feel the winters cold?" + }, + { + "id": 3929, + "la": "Sed adest, inquies, opulentis quo famem satient, quo sitim frigusque depellant", + "en": "But, you will argue, the wealthy have the means to satisfy their hunger, and to be rid of thirst or cold." + }, + { + "id": 3930, + "la": "Sed hoc modo consolari quidem divitiis indigentia potest, auferri penitus non potest", + "en": "But in that way need can be made easier to bear by riches, it cannot be removed altogether." + }, + { + "id": 3931, + "la": "Nam si haec hians semper atque aliquid poscens opibus expletur, maneat necesse est quae possit expleri", + "en": "For if need, always gasping for and demanding something, is satisfied by riches, there must remain a need still which could be satisfied." + }, + { + "id": 3932, + "la": "Taceo quod naturae minimum, quod avaritiae nihil satis est", + "en": "I pass over the fact that nature is satisfied with very little, while nothing satisfies avarice." + }, + { + "id": 3933, + "la": "Quare si opes nec submovere possunt indigentiam et ipsae suam faciunt, quid est quod eas sufficientiam praestare credatis?", + "en": "So if riches not only cannot remove need, but even produce a need of their own, why should you believe that they can provide sufficiency?" + }, + { + "id": 3934, + "la": "Quamvis fluente dives auri gurgite Non expleturas cogat avarus opes Oneretque bacis colla rubri litoris Ruraque centeno scindat opima bove, Nec cura mordax deseret superstitem, Defunctumque leves non comitantur opes", + "en": "Let the rich man in his avarice pile up his wealth (Which is never enough!) with flowing streams of gold; Let him load his neck with Red Sea pearls; And plough his fat fields with hundreds of oxen! Gnawing care will never leave him while he lives, Nor does his insubstantial wealth go with him dead." + }, + { + "id": 3935, + "la": "Sed dignitates honorabilem reverendumque cui provenerint reddunt", + "en": "But high offices bring to him who acquires them honour and respect." + }, + { + "id": 3936, + "la": "Num vis ea est magistratibus ut utentium mentibus virtutes inserant vitia depellant?", + "en": "Yet is there really this power in offices, that they instil virtues into the minds of those who fill them, and drive away vices?" + }, + { + "id": 3937, + "la": "Atqui non fugare sed illustrare potius nequitiam solent;", + "en": "Surely they do not usually drive off wickedness but rather make it notorious?" + }, + { + "id": 3938, + "la": "quo fit ut indignemur eas saepe nequissimis hominibus contigisse, unde Catullus licet in curuli Nonium sedentem strumam tamen appellat", + "en": "That is why we are indignant that they are often bestowed on wicked men: so that Catullus called Nonius a growth although he was sitting in a curule chair.a" + }, + { + "id": 3939, + "la": "Videsne quantum malis dedecus adiciant dignitates?", + "en": "Do you see how much dishonour high offices bring on bad men?" + }, + { + "id": 3940, + "la": "Atqui minus eorum patebit indignitas, si nullis honoribus inclarescant", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 3941, + "la": "Tu quoque num tandem tot periculis adduci potuisti ut cum Decorato gerere magistratum putares, cum in eo mentem nequissimi scurrae delatorisque respiceres?", + "en": "Their baseness would surely be less obvious if they were not well known for any honours. And could you yourself ever have been induced by any number of dangers to think of taking office with Decoratus, since you perceived that he had the disposition of a wicked clown and informer?" + }, + { + "id": 3942, + "la": "Non enim possumus ob honores reverentia dignos iudicare quos ipsis honoribus iudicamus indignos", + "en": "a For we cannot judge those worthy of respect because of their offices whom we judge unworthy of the offices themselves." + }, + { + "id": 3943, + "la": "At si quem sapientia praeditum videres, num posses eum vel reverentia vel ea qua est praeditus sapientia non dignum putare? Minime", + "en": "But if you saw someone endowed with wisdom, could you think him unworthy of respect or of that wisdom with which he is endowed? Of course not." + }, + { + "id": 3944, + "la": "Inest enim dignitas propria virtuti, quam protinus in eos quibus fuerit adiuncta transfundit", + "en": "So there is some worth proper to virtue which is immediately transferred to those to whom virtue is joined." + }, + { + "id": 3945, + "la": "Quod quia populares facere nequeunt honores, liquet eos propriam dignitatis pulchritudinem non habere", + "en": "Now since honours acclaimed by the mob cannot do this, it is clear that they do not possess the beauty proper to real worth." + }, + { + "id": 3946, + "la": "In quo illud est animadvertendum magis", + "en": "And in this matter you should further consider this:" + }, + { + "id": 3947, + "la": "Nam si eo abiectior est quo magis a pluribus quisque contemnitur, cum reverendos facere nequeat quos pluribus ostentat, despectiores potius improbos dignitas facit", + "en": "if a man is the more abject the more he is despised by the more people, high office, since it cannot make dishonest men worthy of respect, for it exposes them to the gaze of more people, makes them rather the more despised." + }, + { + "id": 3948, + "la": "Verum non impune; reddunt namque improbi parem dignitatibus vicem quas sua contagione commaculant", + "en": "But the offices themselves do not escape without harm, for those dishonest men do an equally bad turn to them by defiling them with their own infection." + }, + { + "id": 3949, + "la": "Atque ut agnoscas veram illam reverentiam per has umbratiles dignitates non posse contingere, si qua multiplici consulatu functus in barbaras nationes forte devenerit, venerandumne barbaris honor faciet?", + "en": "Now that you may recognize that that true respect cannot be derived from these shadowy dignities, suppose a man who has been consul many times should happen to visit some barbarian nations outside the Roman world, will his high rank make him respected by the barbarians?" + }, + { + "id": 3950, + "la": "Atqui si hoc naturale munus dignitatibus foret, ab officio suo quoquo gentium nullo modo cessarent, sicut ignis ubique terrarum numquam tamen calere desistit, sed quoniam id eis non propria vis sed hominum fallax adnectit opinio, vanescunt ilico, cum ad eos venerint qui dignitates eas esse non aestimant", + "en": "If such dignities did possess this ability naturally, they would not lose their power among any peoples at all, just as fire never ceases to be hot anywhere in the world. But since it is not a power proper to them, but only attributed to them by the delusory opinion of men, they at once became empty as soon as they come among peoples who do not count them dignities at all." + }, + { + "id": 3951, + "la": "Sed hoc apud exteras nationes", + "en": "But this is of course so among foreigners." + }, + { + "id": 3952, + "la": "Inter eos vero apud quos ortae sunt, num perpetuo perdurant?", + "en": "Yet do they last constant among those who created these high offices?" + }, + { + "id": 3953, + "la": "Atqui praetura magna olim potestas nunc inane nomen et senatorii census gravis sarcina;", + "en": "The praetorship was once an office of great power, now it is an empty name and a heavy burden on the resources of the Senatorial order." + }, + { + "id": 3954, + "la": "si quis populi quondam curasset annonam, magnus habebatur, nunc ea praefectura quid abiectius?", + "en": "Once, when a man had charge of the public corn-dole, he was held to be great; now, is there anything lower than that prefectship?a" + }, + { + "id": 3955, + "la": "Ut enim paulo ante diximus, quod nihil habet proprii decoris, opinione utentium nunc splendorem accipit nunc amittit", + "en": "For as I said just now, that which has no glory of its own nature, is in the estimation of those using it at one time splendid, at another, not." + }, + { + "id": 3956, + "la": "Si igitur reverendos facere nequeunt dignitates, si ultro improborum contagione sordescunt, si mutatione temporum splendere desinunt, si gentium aestimatione vilescunt, quid est quod in se expetendae pulchritudinis habeant, nedum aliis praestent?", + "en": "If, then, high offices cannot make a man worthy of respect; if, what is more, they are readily sullied by being infected by dishonest men occupying them; if they cease to be splendid as times change, and are cheapened in the judgement of different peoples, what beauty can they have in themselves which we should seek after or which, still less, they can confer on others?" + }, + { + "id": 3957, + "la": "Quamvis se Tyrio superbus ostro Comeret et niveis lapillis, Invisus tamen omnibus vigebat Luxuriae Nero saevientis", + "en": "Though in his pride he decked himself In Tyrian purple and in snowy pearls, Nero for all his pomp was hated by all For his self-indulgent cruelty." + }, + { + "id": 3958, + "la": "Sed quondam dabat improbus verendis Patribus indecores curules", + "en": "Shamelessly once he gave the reverend Senators Unworthy consuls to elect:" + }, + { + "id": 3959, + "la": "Quis illos igitur putet beatos Quos miseri tribuunt honores?", + "en": "Who could then think such honours blessed Granted by such miserable men?" + }, + { + "id": 3960, + "la": "An vero regna regumque familiaritas efficere potentem valet? Quidni, quando eorum felicitas perpetuo perdurat?", + "en": "But surely kingdoms and association with kings can make a man truly powerful? Why not, when their happiness lasts for ever?" + }, + { + "id": 3961, + "la": "Atqui plena est exemplorum vetustas, plena etiam praesens aetas, qui reges felicitatem calamitate mutaverint", + "en": "Yet ancient times are full'and the present times are full, too'of examples of kings whose happiness changed to misfortune." + }, + { + "id": 3962, + "la": "O praeclara potentia quae ne ad conservationem quidem sui satis efficax invenitur!", + "en": "O a fine power indeed, that is discovered to be insufficient even for its own preservation!" + }, + { + "id": 3963, + "la": "Quod si haec regnorum potestas beatitudinis auctor est, nonne si qua parte defuerit, felicitatem minuat, miseriam inportet?", + "en": "If this power over kingdoms does produce happiness, would it not lessen that happiness and introduce misery if it were lacking in any respect?" + }, + { + "id": 3964, + "la": "Sed quamvis late humana tendantur imperia, plures necesse est gentes relinqui quibus regum quisque non imperet", + "en": "But however widely any human empires may extend, there must always be many nations left which any particular king does not rule." + }, + { + "id": 3965, + "la": "Qua vero parte beatos faciens desinit potestas, hac inpotentia subintrat quae miseros facit;", + "en": "Now wherever the power that makes kings happy ends, there their lack of power creeps in and makes them miserable;" + }, + { + "id": 3966, + "la": "hoc igitur modo maiorem regibus inesse necesse est miseriae portionem", + "en": "in this way, then, kings must have a larger share of misery than happiness." + }, + { + "id": 3967, + "la": "Expertus sortis suae periculorum tyrannus regni metus pendentis supra verticem gladii terrore simulavit", + "en": "Knowing by experience the dangers of his own position, one tyranta likened his fears as king to the terror of the sword hanging over Damocles head." + }, + { + "id": 3968, + "la": "Quae est igitur haec potestas quae sollicitudinum morsus expellere, quae formidinum aculeos vitare nequit?", + "en": "What is this power, then, that cannot get rid of gnawing care or prevent the pricks of fear?" + }, + { + "id": 3969, + "la": "Atqui vellent ipsi vixisse securi, sed nequeunt; dehinc de potestate gloriantur", + "en": "Surely kings would like to have lived out their lives without care, yet they cannot: and then they boast of their power!" + }, + { + "id": 3970, + "la": "An tu potentem censes quem videas velle quod non possit efficere?", + "en": "If you see a man who wants to do what he cannot, do you think him powerful?" + }, + { + "id": 3971, + "la": "Potentem censes qui satellite latus ambit, qui quos terret ipse plus metuit, qui ut potens esse videatur, in servientium manu situm est?", + "en": "Do you think him powerful who goes everywhere with a bodyguard at his side? Or him who himself is more afraid of others than they of him? Or him whose show of power depends on a crowd of courtiers?" + }, + { + "id": 3972, + "la": "Nam quid ego de regum familiaribus disseram, cum regna ipsa tantae inbecillitatis plena demonstrem?", + "en": "Well, need I say anything about the companions of kings, when I have shown that kingship itself is full of such weakness?" + }, + { + "id": 3973, + "la": "Quos quidem regia potestas saepe incolumis saepe autem lapsa prosternit", + "en": "For courtiers are cast down often both when kingly power is secure and when it is overthrown." + }, + { + "id": 3974, + "la": "Nero Senecam familiarem praeceptoremque suum ad eligendae mortis coegit arbitrium", + "en": "Nero forced Seneca, his old companion and teacher, to choose the manner of his own deathb;" + }, + { + "id": 3975, + "la": "Papinianum diu inter aulicos potentem militum gladiis Antoninus obiecit", + "en": "Papinian had long been powerful at court, but Antoninus threw him to his soldiers swords." + }, + { + "id": 3976, + "la": "Atqui uterque potentiae suae renuntiare voluerunt, quorum Seneca opes etiam suas tradere Neroni seque in otium conferre conatus est;", + "en": "Yet both wanted to renounce their power; Seneca even tried to hand his wealth over to Nero and to retire." + }, + { + "id": 3977, + "la": "sed dum ruituros moles ipsa trahit, neuter quod voluit effecit", + "en": "But while they stood on the brink and their very greatness drew them down, neither achieved what he wished." + }, + { + "id": 3978, + "la": "Quae est igitur ista potentia quam pertimescunt habentes, quam ne cum habere velis tutus sis et cum deponere cupias vitare non possis?", + "en": "What is this power, then, which those who have it greatly fear? While you want to possess it, you are not safe, and when you want to put it aside, you cannot get rid of it." + }, + { + "id": 3979, + "la": "An praesidio sunt amici quos non virtus sed fortuna conciliat?", + "en": "Are we really helped by friends who are drawn to us not by our virtue but by our fortune?" + }, + { + "id": 3980, + "la": "Sed quem felicitas amicum fecit, infortunium faciet inimicum", + "en": "But a man made a friend by good fortune, misfortune will make an enemy." + }, + { + "id": 3981, + "la": "Quae vero pestis efficacior ad nocendum quam familiaris inimicus?", + "en": "And what plague is more able to hurt a man than an enemy who was once a familiar friend?" + }, + { + "id": 3982, + "la": "Qui se volet esse potentem Animos domet ille feroces Nec victa libidine colla Foedis submittat habenis", + "en": "The man who wants to be powerful Must tame his high spirits, Must not submit his neck, conquered by lust, To its stinking halter;" + }, + { + "id": 3983, + "la": "Etenim licet Indica longe Tellus tua iura tremescat Et serviat ultima Thyle, Tamen atras pellere curas Miserasque fugare querelas Non posse potentia non est", + "en": "For indeed though far-off Indian soil Tremble under your sway, And furthest Thuleb serve you, Yet not to be able to dispel black care Or put complaining misery to flight This is no power at all." + }, + { + "id": 3984, + "la": "Gloria vero quam fallax saepe, quam turpis est!", + "en": "And glory'how deceptive that often is, how base!" + }, + { + "id": 3985, + "la": "Unde non iniuria tragicus exclamat:", + "en": "That is why the tragic poetc was not wrong when he exclaimed: O glory, glory, myriads of mortals, Born nothings, thou hast blown their lives up big." + }, + { + "id": 3986, + "la": "Plures enim magnum saepe nomen falsis vulgi opinionibus abstulerunt;", + "en": "For too many men have often acquired a great reputation because of the mistaken notions of the mob'" + }, + { + "id": 3987, + "la": "quo quid turpius excogitari potest?", + "en": "and what can be imagined baser that that?" + }, + { + "id": 3988, + "la": "Nam qui falso praedicantur, suis ipsi necesse est laudibus erubescant", + "en": "For those who are much talked about, but mistakenly, must surely blush to hear their own praises." + }, + { + "id": 3989, + "la": "Quae si etiam meritis conquisita sit, quid tamen sapientis adiecerit conscientiae qui bonum suum non populari rumore, sed conscientiae veritate metitur?", + "en": "Even if such praises are won by deserts, what will they have added to the self-knowledge of a wise man who measures his own good not by gossip of the populace but by the truth of that self-knowledge?" + }, + { + "id": 3990, + "la": "Quod si hoc ipsum propagasse nomen pulchrum videtur, consequens est ut foedum non extendisse iudicetur", + "en": "But if to have had even ones reputation spread abroad seems fair, then it follows that for it not to have been so widely spread must be adjudged foul." + }, + { + "id": 3991, + "la": "Sed cum, uti paulo ante disserui, plures gentes esse necesse sit ad quas unius fama hominis nequeat pervenire, fit ut quem tu aestimas esse gloriosum, proxima parte terrarum videatur inglorius", + "en": "But since, as I showed just now, there must be many nations which the reputation of one man cannot reach, it happens that the man you think glorious may seem inglorious in the very next-door region of the earth.a" + }, + { + "id": 3992, + "la": "Inter haec vero popularem gratiam ne commemoratione quidem dignam puto, quae nec iudicio provenit nec umquam firma perdurat", + "en": "But here I may say that I do not think popular favour even worth mentioning; it neither proceeds from judgement nor ever firmly endures." + }, + { + "id": 3993, + "la": "Iam vero quam sit inane quam futtile nobilitatis nomen, quis non videat?", + "en": "But now who does not see how empty and vain a thing is a reputation for nobility?" + }, + { + "id": 3994, + "la": "Quae si ad claritudinem refertur, aliena est", + "en": "If it is related to fame, it belongs to another:" + }, + { + "id": 3995, + "la": "Videtur namque esse nobilitas quaedam de meritis veniens laus parentum", + "en": "for nobility seems to be a kind of praise deriving from the deserts of ones parents." + }, + { + "id": 3996, + "la": "Quod si claritudinem praedicatio facit, illi sint clari necesse est qui praedicantur", + "en": "Now if being talked about produces fame, then those must be famous who are talked about;" + }, + { + "id": 3997, + "la": "Quare splendidum te, si tuam non habes, aliena claritudo non efficit", + "en": "wherefore the fame of others, if you have none of your own, does not make you renowned." + }, + { + "id": 3998, + "la": "Quod si quid est in nobilitate bonum, id esse arbitror solum, ut inposita nobilibus necessitudo videatur ne a maiorum virtute degeneret", + "en": "But if there is anything good in nobility, I think it is this only, that there seems to be an obligation imposed on the noble not to let it degenerate from the virtue of their ancestors." + }, + { + "id": 3999, + "la": "Omne hominum genus in terris simili surgit ab ortu", + "en": "All human kind on earth arises from the same origin;" + }, + { + "id": 4000, + "la": "Unus enim rerum pater est, unus cuncta ministrat", + "en": "There is one Father of all things, one who looks after all." + }, + { + "id": 4001, + "la": "Ille dedit Phoebo radios dedit et cornua lunae, Ille homines etiam terris dedit ut sidera caelo, Hic clausit membris animos celsa sede petitos", + "en": "He gave the sun his rays, the moon her horns, He peopled too the earth with men as the sky with constellations; He locked into limbs spirits brought down from their high abode." + }, + { + "id": 4002, + "la": "Mortales igitur cunctos edit nobile germen", + "en": "So did a noble seed produce all mortals." + }, + { + "id": 4003, + "la": "Quid genus et proavos strepitis?", + "en": "Why shout about your lineage or your forbears?" + }, + { + "id": 4004, + "la": "Si primordia vestra Auctoremque deum spectes, nullus degener exstat, Ni vitiis peiora fovens proprium deserat ortum", + "en": "If you consider Your beginnings and God your Author, no man is now degenerate Save who embracing baser things in vice forsakes his proper origin." + }, + { + "id": 4005, + "la": "Quid autem de corporis voluptatibus loquar quarum appetentia quidem plena est anxietatis, satietas vero poenitentiae?", + "en": "What shall I say about the pleasures of the body, the longing for which is full of anxiety, the satisfac-tion of which full of regret?" + }, + { + "id": 4006, + "la": "Quantos illae morbos, quam intolerabiles dolores quasi quendam fructum nequitiae fruentium solent referre corporibus!", + "en": "What dreadful diseases, what unbearable pains they generally cause in the bodies of those enjoying them, as a kind of fruit of their wickedness!" + }, + { + "id": 4007, + "la": "Quarum motus quid habeat iucunditatis, ignoro", + "en": "What pleasure there is in stirring them up, I do not know;" + }, + { + "id": 4008, + "la": "Tristes vero esse voluptatum exitus, quisquis reminisci libidinum suarum volet, intelleget", + "en": "but that these pleasures have a bitter end, anyone will understand who is willing to recall his own lusts." + }, + { + "id": 4009, + "la": "Quae si beatos explicare possunt, nihil causae est quin pecudes quoque beatae esse dicantur quarum omnis ad explendam corporalem lacunam festinat intentio", + "en": "If bodily pleasures can make men happy, there is no reason why beasts should not be called happy too, since their whole effort is directed to fulfilling their bodies missing needs." + }, + { + "id": 4010, + "la": "Honestissima quidem coniugis foret liberorumque iucunditas, sed nimis e natura dictum est nescio quem filios invenisse tortores1;", + "en": "The pleasure derived from wife and children should surely be wholly good, but it was too well said, too truly to nature, that someone invented children to be tormentors." + }, + { + "id": 4011, + "la": "quorum quam sit mordax quaecumque condicio, neque alias expertum te neque nunc anxium necesse est admonere", + "en": "There is no need to warn you'having experienced it before and even now being anxious'how, whatever their condition is, it gnaws at you with worry." + }, + { + "id": 4012, + "la": "In quo Euripidis mei sententiam probo, qui carentem liberis infortunio dixit esse felicem", + "en": "In this matter I agree with the opinion of my Euripides, who said that one who lacks children is happy in his misfortune." + }, + { + "id": 4013, + "la": "Habet hoc voluptas omnis, Stimulis agit fruentes Apiumque par volantum Ubi grata mella fudit, Fugit et nimis tenaci Ferit icta corda morsu", + "en": "Such is every pleasure Goading those enjoying it, And like swarming bees That have poured out their pleasing honey, It flees, and strikes our hearts With a too lasting sting" + }, + { + "id": 4014, + "la": "Nihil igitur dubium est quin hae ad beatitudinem viae devia quaedam sint nec perducere quemquam eo valeant ad quod se perducturas esse promittunt", + "en": "There is therefore no doubt but that these ways to happiness are a kind of by-paths and cannot bring anyone to that place to which they promise to lead him." + }, + { + "id": 4015, + "la": "Quantis vero implicitae malis sint, brevissime monstrabo", + "en": "Now I shall very briefly show with what great evils they are bound up." + }, + { + "id": 4016, + "la": "Quid enim? Pecuniamne congregare conaberis?", + "en": "What then, will you try to amass money?" + }, + { + "id": 4017, + "la": "Sed eripies habenti", + "en": "But you will have to take it from him who has it." + }, + { + "id": 4018, + "la": "Dignitatibus fulgere velis?", + "en": "Would you like to be illustrious for your honours?" + }, + { + "id": 4019, + "la": "Danti supplicabis et qui praeire ceteros honore cupis, poscendi humilitate vilesces", + "en": "You will have to beg them humbly of their giver, and you who long to surpass others in honour will become cheap through the baseness of your begging." + }, + { + "id": 4020, + "la": "Potentiamne desideras?", + "en": "Do you desire power?" + }, + { + "id": 4021, + "la": "Subiectorum insidiis obnoxius periculis subiacebis", + "en": "You will lie exposed to dangers, prey to your subjects treachery." + }, + { + "id": 4022, + "la": "Gloriam petas?", + "en": "Do you seek glory?" + }, + { + "id": 4023, + "la": "Sed per aspera quaeque distractus securus esse desistis", + "en": "But pulled about through every kind of difficulty you cease to be safe." + }, + { + "id": 4024, + "la": "Voluptariam vitam degas?", + "en": "Would you lead a life of pleasure?" + }, + { + "id": 4025, + "la": "Sed quis non spernat atque abiciat vilissimae fragilissimaeque rei corporis servum?", + "en": "But who would not despise and reject the service of so very base and frail a thing as the body?" + }, + { + "id": 4026, + "la": "Iam vero qui bona prae se corporis ferunt, quam exigua, quam fragili possessione nituntur!", + "en": "Now indeed those indeed who boast of the good qualities of their bodies'how mean and how frail the possession on which they rely!" + }, + { + "id": 4027, + "la": "Num enim elephantos mole, tauros robore superare poteritis, num tigres velocitate praeibitis?", + "en": "Could you exceed elephants in size, or bulls in strength, could you outstrip tigers in speed?" + }, + { + "id": 4028, + "la": "Respicite caeli spatium firmitudinem celeritatem et aliquando desinite vilia mirari", + "en": "Look on the space and steadfastness and speed of the heavens and cease hereafter to wonder at base things;" + }, + { + "id": 4029, + "la": "Quod quidem caelum non his potius est quam sua qua regitur ratione mirandum", + "en": "though the heavens are rather to be wondered at not for these things but for the order by which they are governed." + }, + { + "id": 4030, + "la": "Formae vero nitor ut rapidus est, ut velox et vernalium florum mutabilitate fugacior!", + "en": "But how brief is the brightness of beauty, how swiftly passing, more quickly fleeting than the changing loveliness of spring flowers." + }, + { + "id": 4031, + "la": "Quod si, ut Aristoteles ait, Lynceis oculis homines uterentur, ut eorum visus obstantia penetraret, nonne introspectis visceribus illud Alcibiadis superficie pulcherrimum corpus turpissimum videretur?", + "en": "And if, as Aristotle says,a men enjoyed the use of Lynceus eyes so that their sight penetrated obstacles, would not the superficially very beautiful body of Alcibiades seem most vile when his inwards could be seen?" + }, + { + "id": 4032, + "la": "Igitur te pulchrum videri non tua natura sed oculorum spectantium reddit infirmitas", + "en": "So it is not your nature that makes you appear fair, but the weakness of the eyes of those who look at you." + }, + { + "id": 4033, + "la": "Sed aestimate quam vultis nimio corporis bona, dum sciatis hoc quodcumque miramini triduanae febris igniculo posse dissolvi!", + "en": "But you may over-esteem the bodys good qualities as much as you like, provided you realize that what you admire can be destroyed by the burning of a three-days fever." + }, + { + "id": 4034, + "la": "Ex quibus omnibus illud redigere in summam licet, quod haec quae nec praestare quae pollicentur bona possunt nec omnium bonorum congregatione perfecta sunt, ea nec ad beatitudinem quasi quidem calles ferunt nec beatos ipsa perficiunt", + "en": "Out of all which we may gather this in sum, that these things which can neither provide those goods they promise nor are perfect by amassing all goods, neither lead to happiness like so many roads, nor themselves make men happy." + }, + { + "id": 4035, + "la": "Eheu quae miseros tramite devios Abducit ignorantia! Non aurum in viridi quaeritis arbore Nec vite gemmas carpitis,", + "en": "Alas, what ignorance Leads wretched men astray on a devious path! You seek not gold on a green tree, Nor gather gems from the vine;" + }, + { + "id": 4036, + "la": "Non altis laqueos montibus abditis Ut pisce ditetis dapes Nec vobis capreas si libeat sequi, Tyrrhena captatis vada", + "en": "You do not spread your hidden nets on mountains high To enrich your feast with fish, Nor if it please you hunt roe-deer Do you search Tyrrhenian seas." + }, + { + "id": 4037, + "la": "Ipsos quin etiam fluctibus abditos Norunt recessus aequoris, Quae gemmis niveis unda feracior Vel quae rubentis purpurae Nec non quae tenero pisce vel asperis Praestent echinis litora", + "en": "Rather indeed men know the deep retreats Hidden by the waves of the sea, What waters more abound in snowy pearls, Which in red murices, As too which shores provide the tender fish Or the prickly sea-urchin." + }, + { + "id": 4038, + "la": "Sed quonam lateat quod cupiunt bonum, Nescire caeci sustinent, Et quod stelliferum trans abiit polum, Tellure demersi petunt", + "en": "But where the good that they desire may hide, They blindly ignorant remain, And that which passes far beyond the starry pole Sunk in the earth they seek." + }, + { + "id": 4039, + "la": "Quid dignum stolidis mentibus inprecer?", + "en": "What curse can I invoke on such stupid minds?" + }, + { + "id": 4040, + "la": "Opes honores ambiant; Et cum falsa gravi mole paraverint, Tum vera cognoscant bona", + "en": "Let them strive for wealth and honours, and then When they have gained false goods with labour great, Let them recognize true goods." + }, + { + "id": 4041, + "la": "Hactenus mendacis formam felicitatis ostendisse suffecerit, quam si perspicaciter intueris, ordo est deinceps quae sit vera monstrare.", + "en": "Now let what I have so far shown you of the shape of false happiness suffice: if you look at that properly and thoroughly, the right order now is to show you what true happiness is." + }, + { + "id": 4042, + "la": "Atqui video, inquam, nec opibus sufficientiam nec regnis potentiam nec reverentiam dignitatibus nec celebritatem gloria nec laetitiam voluptatibus posse contingere.", + "en": "Indeed I see, I said, that sufficiency cannot be obtained through wealth, nor power through kingship, nor respect through office, nor fame through glory, nor joy through pleasures." + }, + { + "id": 4043, + "la": "An etiam causas, cur id ita sit, deprehendisti?", + "en": "And have you also grasped the reasons why this is so?" + }, + { + "id": 4044, + "la": "Tenui quidem veluti rimula mihi videor intueri, sed ex te apertius cognoscere malim.", + "en": "I think I glimpse them as it were through a narrow crack, but I should prefer to learn of them more plainly from you." + }, + { + "id": 4045, + "la": "Atqui promptissima ratio est", + "en": "The explanation is indeed very ready to hand," + }, + { + "id": 4046, + "la": "Quod enim simplex est indivisumque natura, id error humanus separat et a vero atque perfecto ad falsum imperfectumque traducit", + "en": "for that which is simple and undivided by nature, human error divides and perverts from the true and perfect to the false and imperfect." + }, + { + "id": 4047, + "la": "An tu arbitraris quod nihilo indigeat egere potentia?", + "en": "Do you think that that which needs nothing is in want of power?" + }, + { + "id": 4048, + "la": "Minime, inquam Recte tu quidem", + "en": "Certainly not, I said. You are quite right, she said," + }, + { + "id": 4049, + "la": "Nam si quid est quod in ulla re inbecillioris valentiae sit, in hac praesidio necesse est egeat alieno.", + "en": "for if there is something the power of which is in any respect too weak, there must be in that respect a need for others help." + }, + { + "id": 4050, + "la": "Ita est, inquam Igitur sufficientiae potentiaeque una est eademque natura.", + "en": "That is so, I said. Therefore the nature of sufficiency and that of power are one and the same." + }, + { + "id": 4051, + "la": "Sic videtur. Quod vero huiusmodi sit, spernendumne esse censes an contra rerum omnium veneratione dignissimum?", + "en": "So it seems. Now do you think that what is of this kind is to be despised or, on the contrary, to be of all things the most worthy of respect?" + }, + { + "id": 4052, + "la": "At hoc, inquam, ne dubitari quidem potest.", + "en": "The latter, I said; it cannot even be doubted." + }, + { + "id": 4053, + "la": "Addamus igitur sufficientiae potentiaeque reverentiam, ut haec tria unum esse iudicemus.", + "en": "So let us add respect to sufficiency and power, so that we judge these three to be one." + }, + { + "id": 4054, + "la": "Addamus, si quidem vera volumus confiteri.", + "en": "Let us so add it, since we wish indeed to acknowledge the truth." + }, + { + "id": 4055, + "la": "Quid vero, inquit, obscurumne hoc atque ignobile censes esse an omni celebritate clarissimum?", + "en": "Well then, she said, do you think it is obscure and undistinguished, or is it most famous, with all renown?" + }, + { + "id": 4056, + "la": "Considera vero, ne quod nihilo indigere, quod potentissimum, quod honore dignissimum esse concessum est, egere claritudine quam sibi praestare non possit atque ob id aliqua ex parte videatur abiectius.", + "en": "Now consider whether that which it is granted lacks nothing, which is most powerful and most worthy of honour, is in want of fame, and cannot provide it for itself, and for that reason seems in some respect to be lower." + }, + { + "id": 4057, + "la": "Non possum, inquam, quin hoc uti est ita etiam celeberrimum esse confitear.", + "en": "I cannot but acknowledge, I said, that being what it is, it is also most renowned." + }, + { + "id": 4058, + "la": "Consequens igitur est ut claritudinem superioribus tribus nihil differre fateamur.", + "en": "Consequently, then, let us admit that fame differs not at all from the previous three." + }, + { + "id": 4059, + "la": "Consequitur, inquam Quod igitur nullius egeat alieni, quod suis cuncta viribus possit, quod sit clarum atque reverendum, nonne hoc etiam constat esse laetissimum?", + "en": "It follows, I said. Now that which needs no-one else, which can do all things by its own power, which is famous and worthy of respect'should we not agree that it is also most joyful?" + }, + { + "id": 4060, + "la": "Sed unde huic, inquam, tali maeror ullus obrepat ne cogitare quidem possum;", + "en": "I cannot even conceive, I said, whence any sadness might steal upon it, such as it is;" + }, + { + "id": 4061, + "la": "quare plenum esse laetitiae, si quidem superiora manebunt, necesse est confiteri.", + "en": "wherefore it must be acknowledged to be full of joy, if indeed what has been said before shall remain true." + }, + { + "id": 4062, + "la": "Atqui illud quoque per eadem necessarium est sufficientiae, potentiae, claritudinis, reverentiae, iucunditatis nomina quidem esse diversa, nullo modo vero discrepare substantiam.", + "en": "And this too is necessary according to those same arguments, that the names of sufficiency, power, fame, respect and pleasure are different, but their substance differs in no respect." + }, + { + "id": 4063, + "la": "Necesse est, inquam", + "en": "That is necessary, I said." + }, + { + "id": 4064, + "la": "Hoc igitur quod est unum simplexque natura, pravitas humana dispertit et dum rei quae partibus caret partem conatur adipisci, nec portionem quae nulla est nec ipsam quam minime affectat assequitur.", + "en": "Now this, which is one and simple in its nature, mans perversity splits up, and while he tries to obtain a part of it, though in fact it has no parts, he gains neither a portion of it, for there are no portions, nor the thing itself, which he is not in the least trying to get." + }, + { + "id": 4065, + "la": "Quonam, inquam, modo?", + "en": "How is that? I asked." + }, + { + "id": 4066, + "la": "Qui divitias, inquit, petit penuriae fuga, de potentia nihil laborat, vilis obscurusque esse mavult, multas etiam sibi naturales quoque subtrahit voluptates, ne pecuniam quam paravit amittat", + "en": "He who in flight from want seeks riches, she answered, takes no pains over power, prefers to be base and obscure, and also deprives himself of many pleasures, even natural ones, in case he lose the money he has acquired." + }, + { + "id": 4067, + "la": "Sed hoc modo ne sufficientia quidem contingit ei quem valentia deserit, quem molestia pungit, quem vilitas abicit, quem recondit obscuritas", + "en": "But in this way he does not even achieve sufficiency, since he is deserted by power, afflicted by trouble, made abject by baseness and hidden in obscurity." + }, + { + "id": 4068, + "la": "Qui vero solum posse desiderat, profligat opes, despicit voluptates honoremque potentia carentem gloriam quoque nihili pendit", + "en": "Now he who only desires power, squanders his wealth, despises pleasures, and all honour without power, as well as glory, he counts as worthless." + }, + { + "id": 4069, + "la": "Sed hunc quoque quam multa deficiant vides", + "en": "But you see how many things are wanting to him too:" + }, + { + "id": 4070, + "la": "Fit enim ut aliquando necessariis egeat, ut anxietatibus mordeatur cumque haec depellere nequeat, etiam id quod maxime petebat potens esse desistat", + "en": "for it happens that sometimes he lacks necessities, so that he is gnawed by worries, and since he cannot get rid of these worries, he loses even that which he most sought after, being powerful." + }, + { + "id": 4071, + "la": "Similiter ratiocinari de honoribus, gloria, voluptatibus licet", + "en": "We may produce similar arguments about honours, glory and pleasures;" + }, + { + "id": 4072, + "la": "Nam cum unumquodque horum idem quod cetera sit, quisquis horum aliquid sine ceteris petit, ne illud quidem quod desiderat apprehendit.", + "en": "for since each one of these is essentially the same thing as the rest, whoever seeks one of them apart from the others does not even grasp that one he desires." + }, + { + "id": 4073, + "la": "Quid igitur, inquam, si qui cuncta simul cupiat adipisci, summam quidem ille beatudinis velit?", + "en": "Well then, I said, suppose a man desire to obtain them all together; he would indeed be desiring the sum of happiness." + }, + { + "id": 4074, + "la": "Sed num in his eam reperiet, quae demonstravimus id quod pollicentur non posse conferre?", + "en": "But surely he will not find it in those things we have shown cannot bestow what they promise?" + }, + { + "id": 4075, + "la": "Minime, inquam In his igitur quae singula quaedam expetendorum praestare creduntur, beatitudo nullo modo vestiganda est.", + "en": "No indeed, I said. Therefore happiness is by no means to be sought in these things, which are believed to provide each desirable thing separately?" + }, + { + "id": 4076, + "la": "Fateor, inquam, et hoc nihil dici verius potest.", + "en": "I admit it, I said, and nothing could be truer." + }, + { + "id": 4077, + "la": "Habes igitur, inquit, et formam falsae felicitatis et causas", + "en": "You know, then, she said, both the form of false happiness, and its causes." + }, + { + "id": 4078, + "la": "Deflecte nunc in adversum mentis intuitum;", + "en": "Now turn your minds gaze in the opposite direction;" + }, + { + "id": 4079, + "la": "ibi enim veram quam promisimus statim videbis.", + "en": "for there you will at once see true happiness, as I promised." + }, + { + "id": 4080, + "la": "Atqui haec, inquam, vel caeco perspicua est eamque tu paulo ante monstrasti, dum falsae causas aperire conaris", + "en": "It is indeed clear, I said, even to a blind man, and you have shown it to me just now, while you were seeking to display the causes of false happiness." + }, + { + "id": 4081, + "la": "Nam nisi fallor ea vera est et perfecta felicitas quae sufficientem, potentem, reverendum, celebrem laetumque perficiat", + "en": "For unless I am wrong, that is true and perfect happiness which makes a man sufficient, powerful, respected, famous and joyful." + }, + { + "id": 4082, + "la": "Atque ut me interius animadvertisse cognoscas, quae unum horum, quoniam idem cuncta sunt, veraciter praestare potest hanc esse plenam beatitudinem sine ambiguitate cognosco.", + "en": "And so that you may know that I have inwardly understood this, that which can truly provide one of these'since all are really the same'that I recognize unequivocally as full happiness." + }, + { + "id": 4083, + "la": "O te alumne hac opinione felicem, si quidem hoc, inquit, adieceris.", + "en": "O my pupil, she said, I should call you happy in this opinion, if you but added this." + }, + { + "id": 4084, + "la": "Quidnam? inquam Essene aliquid in his mortalibus caducisque rebus putas quod huiusmodi statum possit afferre?", + "en": "What, please? I asked. Do you think that there is any among these mortal and impermanent things which could produce a condition of this kind?" + }, + { + "id": 4085, + "la": "Minime, inquam, puto idque a te, nihil ut amplius desideretur, ostensum est.", + "en": "I most certainly think not, I replied, and that has been so demonstrated by you that no further argument is desired." + }, + { + "id": 4086, + "la": "Haec igitur vel imagines veri boni vel inperfecta quaedam bona dare mortalibus videntur, verum autem atque perfectum bonum conferre non possunt.", + "en": "These things, therefore, seem to give mortals images of the true good, or certain imperfect goods, but they cannot confer the true and perfect good." + }, + { + "id": 4087, + "la": "Assentior, inquam", + "en": "I agree, I said." + }, + { + "id": 4088, + "la": "Quoniam igitur agnovisti quae vera illa sit, quae autem beatitudinem mentiantur, nunc superest ut unde veram hanc petere possis agnoscas.", + "en": "Then since you have recognized what is the true happiness, and what things counterfeit it, it now remains for you to recognize whence you can seek this true happiness." + }, + { + "id": 4089, + "la": "Id quidem, inquam, iam dudum vehementer exspecto.", + "en": "That indeed, I said, is what I have long been eagerly hoping for." + }, + { + "id": 4090, + "la": "Sed cum, ut in Timaeo Platoni, inquit, nostro placet, in minimis quoque rebus divinum praesidium debeat implorari, quid nunc faciendum censes, ut illius summi boni sedem reperire mereamur?", + "en": "But since, said she, as is my Platos opinion in the Timaeus,a we ought to implore Gods help in even the least of matters, what do you think we should do now, that we may be worthy to discover the abode of that highest good?" + }, + { + "id": 4091, + "la": "Invocandum, inquam, rerum omnium patrem, quo praetermisso nullum rite fundatur exordium.", + "en": "We must call upon the Father of all things, I said, for if this is omitted no beginning can be rightly and properly based." + }, + { + "id": 4092, + "la": "Recte, inquit, ac simul ita modulata est", + "en": "You are right, she said, and at once began singing in this way:" + }, + { + "id": 4093, + "la": "O qui perpetua mundum ratione gubernas Terrarum caelique sator qui tempus ab aevo Ire iubes stabilisque manens das cuncta moveri, Quem non externae pepulerunt fingere causae Materiae fluitantis opus, verum insita summi Forma boni livore carens, tu cuncta superno Ducis ab exemplo, pulchrum pulcherrimus ipse Mundum mente gerens similique in imagine formans Perfectasque iubens perfectum absolvere partes", + "en": "O you who in perpetual order govern the universe, Creator of heaven and earth, who bid time ever move, And resting still, grant motion to all else; Whom no external causes drove to make Your work of flowing matter,a but the form Within yourself of the highest good, ungrudging; from a heavenly pattern You draw out all things, and being yourself most fair, A fair world in your mind you bear, and forming it In the same likeness, bid it being perfect to complete itself In perfect parts." + }, + { + "id": 4094, + "la": "Tu numeris elementa ligas ut frigora flammis Arida conveniant liquidis, ne purior ignis Evolet aut mersas deducant pondera terras", + "en": "You bind its elements with law, so that the cold Come together with flames, the dry with liquids, lest the fire too pure Fly off, or lest its weight pull down the overwhelmed earth." + }, + { + "id": 4095, + "la": "Tu triplicis mediam naturae cuncta moventem Conectens animam per consona membra resolvis", + "en": "You, binding soul together in its threefold natures midst,b Soul that moves all things, then divide it into har- monious parts;" + }, + { + "id": 4096, + "la": "Quae cum secta duos motum glomeravit in orbes, In semet reditura meat mentemque profundam Circuit et simili convertit imagine caelum", + "en": "Soul thus divided has its motion gathered Into two circles,c moves to return into itself, and the Mind deep within Encircles, and makes the heaven turn, in likeness to itself." + }, + { + "id": 4097, + "la": "Tu causis animas paribus vitasque minores Provehis et levibus sublimes curribus aptans In caelum terramque seris quas lege benigna Ad te conversas reduci facis igne reverti", + "en": "You then bring forth, with the same bases, lesser living souls,d And giving them light chariots fitting their heavenly nature, Broadcast them in the heavens and on earth, and by your bounteous law Make them, turned towards you, with returning fire come back." + }, + { + "id": 4098, + "la": "Da pater augustam menti conscendere sedem, Da fontem lustrare boni, da luce reperta In te conspicuos animi defigere visus", + "en": "Grant, Father, to my mind to rise to your majestic seat, Grant me to wander by the source of good, grant light to see, To fix the clear sight of my mind on you." + }, + { + "id": 4099, + "la": "Dissice terrenae nebulas et pondera molis Atque tuo splendore mica!", + "en": "Disperse the clouding heaviness of this earthly mass And flash forth in your brightness." + }, + { + "id": 4100, + "la": "Tu namque serenum, Tu requies tranquilla piis, te cernere finis, Principium, vector, dux, semita, terminus idem", + "en": "For, to the blessed, you Are clear serenity, and quiet rest: to see you is their goal, And you, alone and same, Are their beginning, driver, leader, pathway, end." + }, + { + "id": 4101, + "la": "Quoniam igitur quae sit imperfecti, quae etiam perfecti boni forma vidisti, nunc demonstrandum reor quonam haec felicitatis perfectio constituta sit", + "en": "Now since you have seen what is the form both of the imperfect and of perfect good, I think we must now show where this perfection of happiness is set." + }, + { + "id": 4102, + "la": "In quo illud primum arbitror inquirendum, an aliquod huiusmodi bonum quale paulo ante definisti in rerum natura possit exsistere, ne nos praeter rei subiectae veritatem cassa cogitationis imago decipiat", + "en": "And in this I think we first have to inquire whether any good of this kind, as you have just defined it, can exist in the world, lest we are deceived by an empty imagining going beyond the truth of the reality before us." + }, + { + "id": 4103, + "la": "Sed quin exsistat sitque hoc veluti quidam omnium fons bonorum negari nequit", + "en": "But that there exists this thing, as it were a kind of fount of all goods, cannot be denied." + }, + { + "id": 4104, + "la": "Omne enim quod inperfectum esse dicitur, id inminutione perfecti inperfectum esse perhibetur", + "en": "For everything which is called imperfect is held to be imperfect because of some diminution of what is perfect." + }, + { + "id": 4105, + "la": "Quo fit, ut si in quolibet genere inperfectum quid esse videatur, in eo perfectum quoque aliquid esse necesse sit", + "en": "Hence it happens that if in any class some-thing seems to be imperfect, there must also be something perfect of that class;" + }, + { + "id": 4106, + "la": "Etenim perfectione sublata, unde illud quod inperfectum perhibetur exstiterit ne fingi quidem potest", + "en": "for if we take away perfection altogether, it cannot even be imagined how that which is held to be imperfect can exist." + }, + { + "id": 4107, + "la": "Neque enim ab deminutis inconsummatisque natura rerum coepit exordium, sed ab integris absolutisque procedens in haec extrema atque effeta dilabitur", + "en": "For the universe did not take its origin from diminished and unfinished be-ginnings, but proceeding from beginnings whole and completely finished it lapses into this latest, exhausted state." + }, + { + "id": 4108, + "la": "Quod si, uti paulo ante monstravimus, est quaedam boni fragilis inperfecta felicitas, esse aliquam solidam perfectamque non potest dubitari.", + "en": "But if, as we have just shown, there is a certain imperfect happiness in a good that perishes, it cannot be doubted that there is some enduring and perfect happiness." + }, + { + "id": 4109, + "la": "Firmissime, inquam, verissimeque conclusum est. ,", + "en": "The conclusion is most firmly and truly drawn, I said." + }, + { + "id": 4110, + "la": "Quo vero, inquit, habitet, ita considera", + "en": "Now where that dwells, she said, consider in this way." + }, + { + "id": 4111, + "la": "Deum rerum omnium principem bonum esse communis humanorum conceptio probat animorum", + "en": "That God, the principle of all things, is good is proved by the common concept of all mens minds;" + }, + { + "id": 4112, + "la": "Nam cum nihil deo melius excogitari queat, id quo melius nihil est bonum esse quis dubitet?", + "en": "for since nothing better than God can be conceived of, who can doubt that that, than which nothing is better, is good?" + }, + { + "id": 4113, + "la": "Ita vero bonum esse deum ratio demonstrat, ut perfectum quoque in eo bonum esse convincat", + "en": "But reason so much shows that God is good that it proves clearly that perfect good also is in him." + }, + { + "id": 4114, + "la": "Nam ni tale sit, rerum omnium princeps esse non poterit", + "en": "For unless he were such, he could not be the principle of all things;" + }, + { + "id": 4115, + "la": "Erit enim eo praestantius aliquid perfectum possidens bonum, quod hoc prius atque antiquius esse videatur;", + "en": "for there would be something possessing perfect good more excellent than he, which in this would seem to be prior and more ancient." + }, + { + "id": 4116, + "la": "omnia namque perfecta minus integris priora esse claruerunt", + "en": "For it has become clear that all perfect things are prior to the less perfect." + }, + { + "id": 4117, + "la": "Quare ne in infinitum ratio prodeat, confitendum est summum deum summi perfectique boni esse plenissimum", + "en": "Therefore, so that our argument does not fall into an infinite regress, we must admit that the most high God is full of the most high and perfect good;" + }, + { + "id": 4118, + "la": "Sed perfectum bonum veram esse beatitudinem constituimus;", + "en": "but we have decided that the perfect good is true happiness;" + }, + { + "id": 4119, + "la": "veram igitur beatitudinem in summo deo sitam esse necesse est.", + "en": "therefore true happiness must reside in the most high God." + }, + { + "id": 4120, + "la": "Accipio, inquam, nec est quod contradici ullo modo queat.", + "en": "I accept that, I said, nor can it in any way be contradicted." + }, + { + "id": 4121, + "la": "Sed quaeso, inquit, te vide quam id sancte atque inviolabiliter probes quod boni summi summum deum diximus esse plenissimum.", + "en": "But now I ask you, said she, see how solemnly and inviolably you approve what we said of the most high God being filled full of the highest good." + }, + { + "id": 4122, + "la": "Quonam, inquam, modo? Ne hunc rerum omnium patrem illud summum bonum quo plenus esse perhibetur vel extrinsecus accepisse vel ita naturaliter habere praesumas quasi habentis dei habitaeque beatitudinis diversam cogites esse substantiam", + "en": "How? I asked. So that you may not suppose that he, the Father of all things, has received that highest good, of which it is agreed he is filled, from outside, or in such a way naturally possesses it, as if you might think that the substance of the happiness possessed is different from that of God the possessor." + }, + { + "id": 4123, + "la": "Nam si extrinsecus acceptum putes, praestantius id quod dederit ab eo quod acceperit existimare possis", + "en": "For if you thought it was received from outside, you could think that which gave it more excellent than that which received it:" + }, + { + "id": 4124, + "la": "Sed hunc esse rerum omnium praecellentissimum dignissime confitemur", + "en": "but we most rightly confess that he is the most excellent of all things." + }, + { + "id": 4125, + "la": "Quod si natura quidem inest, sed est ratione diversum, cum de rerum principe loquamur deo, fingat qui potest: quis haec diversa coniunxerit?", + "en": "But if it is by nature that it is in him, but it is essentially different, then since we are speaking of God the Author of all things, let him imagine who can who it was joined these two different natures." + }, + { + "id": 4126, + "la": "Postremo quod a qualibet re diversum est, id non est illud a quo intellegitur esse diversum", + "en": "Finally, that which is different from something is not that from which it is understood to be different;" + }, + { + "id": 4127, + "la": "Quare quod a summo bono diversum est sui natura, id summum bonum non est'quod nefas est de eo cogitare quo nihil constat esse praestantius", + "en": "therefore that which is different in its nature from the highest good is not itself the highest good, which it would be wicked to think of him than whom it is agreed there is nothing more excellent." + }, + { + "id": 4128, + "la": "Omnino enim nullius rei natura suo principio melior poterit exsistere, quare quod omnium principium sit, id etiam sui substantia summum esse bonum verissima ratione concluserim.", + "en": "For since there could exist no nature of anything at all better than its own principle, therefore I would conclude with the truest reasoning, that which is the principle of all things is also in its substance the highest good." + }, + { + "id": 4129, + "la": "Rectissime, inquam Sed summum bonum beatitudinem esse concessum est.", + "en": "Most rightly, I said. But we have granted that the highest good is happiness." + }, + { + "id": 4130, + "la": "Ita est, inquam Igitur, inquit, deum esse ipsam beatitudinem necesse est confiteri.", + "en": "That is so, I said. Therefore, she said, it must be confessed that happiness is itself God." + }, + { + "id": 4131, + "la": "Nec propositis, inquam, prioribus refragari queo et illis hoc inlatum consequens esse perspicio.", + "en": "I both am unable to refute your previous propositions, I said, and see that this inference follows from them." + }, + { + "id": 4132, + "la": "Respice, inquit, an hinc quoque idem firmius approbetur, quod duo summa bona quae a se diversa sint esse non possunt", + "en": "Consider, she said, whether the same is not more firmly proved also from this, that two highest goods different from one another cannot exist." + }, + { + "id": 4133, + "la": "Etenim quae discrepant bona, non esse alterum quod sit alterum liquet; quare neutrum poterit esse perfectum, cum alterutri alterum deest", + "en": "For it is clear that when two goods are different, the one is not the other; and therefore neither could be perfect, since the one is lacking from the other;" + }, + { + "id": 4134, + "la": "Sed quod perfectum non sit, id summum non esse manifestum est; nullo modo igitur quae summa sunt bona ea possunt esse diversa", + "en": "but it is obvious that what is not perfect is not the highest; and therefore in no way can those highest goods be different from one another." + }, + { + "id": 4135, + "la": "Atqui et beatitudinem et deum summum bonum esse collegimus;", + "en": "But we have concluded that both God and happiness are the highest good," + }, + { + "id": 4136, + "la": "quare ipsam necesse est summam esse beatitudinem quae sit summa divinitas.", + "en": "so that that must be the highest happiness which is the highest divinity." + }, + { + "id": 4137, + "la": "Nihil, inquam, nec reapse verius nec ratiocinatione firmius nec deo dignius concludi potest.", + "en": "No conclusion could be drawn, I said, more genuinely true, more firmly based on argument, or more worthy of God." + }, + { + "id": 4138, + "la": "Super haec, inquit, igitur veluti geometrae solent demonstratis propositis aliquid inferre quae porismata ipsi vocant, ita ego quoque tibi veluti corollarium dabo", + "en": "Now in addition to these things, she said, just as geometricians are used to draw from the theorems they have proved what they call porismata (corollaries), so I shall give you too a kind of corollary." + }, + { + "id": 4139, + "la": "Nam quoniam beatitudinis adeptione fiunt homines beati, beatitudo vero est ipsa divinitas, divinitatis adeptione beatos fieri manifestum est:", + "en": "For since men are made happy by the acquisition of happiness, but happiness is itself divinity, it is obvious that they are made happy by the acquisition of divinity." + }, + { + "id": 4140, + "la": "sed uti iustitiae adeptione iusti, sapientiae sapientes fiunt, ita divinitatem adeptos deos fieri simili ratione necesse est", + "en": "But as by the acquisition of justice they become just, or by the acquisition of wisdom, wise, so by the same argument they must, when they have acquired divinity, become gods." + }, + { + "id": 4141, + "la": "Omnis igitur beatus deus, sed natura quidem unus; participatione vero nihil prohibet esse quam plurimos.", + "en": "Therefore every happy man is a god, though by nature God is one only: but nothing prevents there being as many as you like by participation." + }, + { + "id": 4142, + "la": "Et pulchrum, inquam, hoc atque pretiosum, sive porisma sive corollarium vocari mavis.", + "en": "That is both a beautiful and a precious thing, I said, whether you prefer it to be called a porisma or a corollary." + }, + { + "id": 4143, + "la": "Atqui hoc quoque pulchrius nihil est, quod his annectendum esse ratio persuadet.", + "en": "And yet there is nothing more beautiful than this, which reason persuades us should be added to what we have said." + }, + { + "id": 4144, + "la": "Quid? inquam Cum multa, inquit, beatitudo continere videatur, utrumne haec omnia unum veluti corpus beatitudinis quadam partium varietate coniungant an sit eorum aliquid quod beatitudinis substantiam compleat, ad hoc vero cetera referantur?", + "en": "What? I asked. Since happiness, she said, seems to include many things, do they all join, with a certain variability of parts, to make as it were one body of happiness or is there some one of them which completely makes up the substance of happiness, and to which all the rest are related?" + }, + { + "id": 4145, + "la": "Vellem, inquam, id ipsarum rerum commemoratione patefaceres.", + "en": "I should like you to make this clear, I said, by mentioning the things themselves." + }, + { + "id": 4146, + "la": "Nonne, inquit, beatitudinem bonum esse censemus?", + "en": "Now we think happiness is good, do we not?" + }, + { + "id": 4147, + "la": "Ac summum quidem, inquam", + "en": "And indeed the highest good, I agreed." + }, + { + "id": 4148, + "la": "Addas, inquit, hoc omnibus licet", + "en": "You may add that to each of them, she said," + }, + { + "id": 4149, + "la": "Nam eadem sufficientia summa est, eadem summa potentia, reverentia quoque, claritas ac voluptas beatitudo esse iudicatur", + "en": "for happiness is also judged to be the highest sufficiency, the highest power, and the highest respect, fame and pleasure." + }, + { + "id": 4150, + "la": "Quid igitur? Haecine omnia'bonum sufficientia potentia ceteraque'veluti quaedam beatitudinis membra sunt an ad bonum veluti ad verticem cuncta referuntur?", + "en": "What, then? Are all these'good, sufficiency, power and so on'as it were members of the body, happiness, or do they all stand in relation to the good as it were to their head?" + }, + { + "id": 4151, + "la": "Intellego, inquam, quid investigandum proponas, sed quid constituas audire desidero.", + "en": "I understand what you are proposing for our investigation, I said, but I long to hear what your conclusion is." + }, + { + "id": 4152, + "la": "Cuius discretionem rei sic accipe", + "en": "Hear then how we distinguish in this matter." + }, + { + "id": 4153, + "la": "Si haec omnia beatitudinis membra forent, a se quoque invicem discreparent", + "en": "If all these things were parts of happiness, they would also differ from one another," + }, + { + "id": 4154, + "la": "Haec est enim partium natura ut unum corpus diversa componant", + "en": "for this is the nature of parts, that being different they make up one body;" + }, + { + "id": 4155, + "la": "Atqui haec omnia idem esse monstrata sunt; minime igitur membra sunt", + "en": "yet all these things have been shown to be one and the same; therefore they are not parts." + }, + { + "id": 4156, + "la": "Alioquin ex uno membro beatitudo videbitur esse coniuncta'quod fieri nequit.", + "en": "Otherwise happiness will seem to be conjoined of one part, which cannot be done." + }, + { + "id": 4157, + "la": "Id quidem, inquam, dubium non est, sed id quod restat exspecto.", + "en": "Well that, certainly, is beyond doubt, I said, but I am waiting for the rest." + }, + { + "id": 4158, + "la": "Ad bonum vero cetera referri palam est", + "en": "Clearly, then, the others are related to the good." + }, + { + "id": 4159, + "la": "Idcirco enim sufficientia petitur quoniam bonum esse iudicatur, idcirco potentia quoniam id quoque esse creditur bonum;", + "en": "This is why sufficiency is sought after, because it is adjudged to be good; this is why power is sought after, because it too is thought to be good;" + }, + { + "id": 4160, + "la": "idem de reverentia, claritudine, iucunditate coniectare licet", + "en": "and the same may be inferred of respect, fame, and pleasure." + }, + { + "id": 4161, + "la": "Omnium igitur expetendorum summa atque causa bonum est Quod enim neque re neque similitudine ullum in se retinet bonum, id expeti nullo modo potest", + "en": "The sum and cause of all things that are to be sought after is the good: for that which holds no good in itself either in reality or by some resemblance cannot by any means be sought after." + }, + { + "id": 4162, + "la": "Contraque etiam quae natura bona non sunt, tamen si esse videantur, quasi vere bona sint appetuntur", + "en": "And on the other hand, those things which are not good by nature, provided they seem so, are sought as though they were really good." + }, + { + "id": 4163, + "la": "Quo fit uti summa, cardo atque causa expetendorum omnium bonitas esse iure credatur", + "en": "That is why it is rightly held that the chief or cardinal cause of all things sought after is goodness." + }, + { + "id": 4164, + "la": "Cuius vero causa quid expetitur, id maxime videtur optari, veluti si salutis causa quispiam velit equitare, non tam equitandi motum desiderat quam salutis effectum", + "en": "Now the cause for which a thing is sought is seen to be most greatly desired, as for example if a man wanted to ride for the sake of his health, he does not so much desire the motion of riding, but the effect, health." + }, + { + "id": 4165, + "la": "Cum igitur omnia boni gratia petantur, non illa potius quam bonum ipsum desideratur ab omnibus", + "en": "Therefore, since all things are sought after for the sake of good, they are not so much desired by all as the good itself." + }, + { + "id": 4166, + "la": "Sed propter quod cetera optantur, beatitudinem esse concessimus; quare sic quoque sola quaeritur beatitudo", + "en": "But we have granted that that for which the rest are desired is happiness; so in the same way, only happiness is sought after." + }, + { + "id": 4167, + "la": "Ex quo liquido apparet ipsius boni et beatitudinis unam atque eandem esse substantiam.", + "en": "From this it clearly appears that the substance of goodness and of happiness is one and the same." + }, + { + "id": 4168, + "la": "Nihil video cur dissentire quispiam possit.", + "en": "I see no reason why anyone could disagree, I said." + }, + { + "id": 4169, + "la": "Sed deum veramque beatitudinem unum atque idem esse monstravimus.", + "en": "But we have shown that God and true happiness are one and the same." + }, + { + "id": 4170, + "la": "Ita, inquam Securo igitur concludere licet dei quoque in ipso bono nec usquam alio sitam esse substantiam", + "en": "Yes, I said. We may therefore safely conclude that the substance of God too is established in goodness itself and nowhere else." + }, + { + "id": 4171, + "la": "Huc omnes pariter venite capti Quos fallax ligat improbis catenis Terrenas habitans libido mentes, Haec erit vobis requies laborum, Hic portus placida manens quiete,", + "en": "Come here together, all you prisoners, come, You who are bound in shameful chains By cheating lust that lives in your earthbound minds; Here will you find from all your labours rest, Here is a haven of quiet abiding calm," + }, + { + "id": 4172, + "la": "Hoc patens unum miseris asylum", + "en": "Here lies the only refuge for unfortunates." + }, + { + "id": 4173, + "la": "Non quidquid Tagus aureis harenis Donat aut Hermus rutilante ripa Aut Indus calido propinquus orbi Candidis miscens virides lapillos, Inlustrent aciem magisque caecos In suas condunt animos tenebras", + "en": "Neither whatever Tagus yields with its golden sands, Nor Hermus with its ruddy-glowing bank,a Nor Indus, next the torrid zone, Mingling its emeralds and brilliant stones Would clear mens sight; but in their dark they all Bury mens even blinder minds." + }, + { + "id": 4174, + "la": "Hoc quidquid placet excitatque mentes, Infimis tellus aluit cavernis;", + "en": "Whatever that is that stirs mens minds with pleasure The earth has cherished in its deepest caves." + }, + { + "id": 4175, + "la": "Splendor quo regitur vigetque caelum, Vitat obscuras animae ruinas", + "en": "The brightness by which the lively heavens are ruled Shuns the souls ruin and obscurity;" + }, + { + "id": 4176, + "la": "Hanc quisquis poterit notare lucem, Candidos Phoebi radios negabit", + "en": "And any man who can observe this light Will say the rays of Phoebus are not bright." + }, + { + "id": 4177, + "la": "Assentior, inquam, cuncta enim firmissimis nexa rationibus constant.", + "en": "I agree, I said, for all is bound together by most firm reasoning." + }, + { + "id": 4178, + "la": "Tum illa, Quanti, inquit, aestimabis, si bonum ipsum quid sit agnoveris?", + "en": "Then she said: How highly will you value it, if you come to know what the good itself is?" + }, + { + "id": 4179, + "la": "Infinito, inquam, si quidem mihi pariter deum quoque qui bonum est continget agnoscere.", + "en": "Infinitely highly, I replied, since together with that I shall also come to know God, who is the good." + }, + { + "id": 4180, + "la": "Atqui hoc verissima, inquit, ratione patefaciam, maneant modo quae paulo ante conclusa sunt.", + "en": "I shall indeed make that clear too, she said, with most valid reasoning, provided those conclusions stand which have just now been reached." + }, + { + "id": 4181, + "la": "Manebunt. Nonne, inquit, monstravimus ea quae appetuntur pluribus idcirco vera perfectaque bona non esse quoniam a se invicem discreparent cumque alteri abesset alterum, plenum absolutumque bonum afferre non posse?", + "en": "They shall stand, I said. Have we not shown, said she, that those things which are sought by many are not true and perfect goods for this reason, because they are different from one another; and since each one lacks the others, none can confer the full and absolute good;" + }, + { + "id": 4182, + "la": "Tum autem verum bonum fieri cum in unam veluti formam atque efficientiam colliguntur, ut quae sufficientia est, eadem sit potentia, reverentia, claritas atque iucunditas, nisi vero unum atque idem omnia sint, nihil habere quo inter expetenda numerentur?", + "en": "but the true good is only produced when they are gathered as it were into one form which as efficient cause makes that which is sufficiency the same as power, respect, fame and pleasure; but unless all are one and the same, they possess nothing to justify their inclusion among those things we should seek?" + }, + { + "id": 4183, + "la": "Demonstratum, inquam nec dubitari ullo modo potest.", + "en": "That has been demonstrated, I said, and it cannot by any means be doubted." + }, + { + "id": 4184, + "la": "Quae igitur cum discrepant minime bona sunt, cum vero unum esse coeperint, bona fiunt;", + "en": "Now those things which are not good, since they differ, but become good when they begin to be one," + }, + { + "id": 4185, + "la": "nonne haec ut bona sint, unitatis fieri adeptione contingit?", + "en": "does it not happen that they become good by the acquisition of unity?" + }, + { + "id": 4186, + "la": "Ita, inquam, videtur.", + "en": "So it appears, I said." + }, + { + "id": 4187, + "la": "Sed omne quod bonum est boni participatione bonum esse concedis an minime?", + "en": "But do you agree or not, that everything which is good is good by participation in the good?" + }, + { + "id": 4188, + "la": "Ita est.", + "en": "That is so." + }, + { + "id": 4189, + "la": "Oportet igitur idem esse unum atque bonum simili ratione concedas;", + "en": "Then by the same argument you must agree that the one and the good are the same;" + }, + { + "id": 4190, + "la": "eadem namque substantia est eorum quorum naturaliter non est diversus effectus.", + "en": "for those things have the same substance the effect of which, according to their nature, is not different." + }, + { + "id": 4191, + "la": "Negare, inquam, nequeo.", + "en": "I cannot deny it, I said." + }, + { + "id": 4192, + "la": "Nostine igitur, inquit, omne quod est tam diu manere atque subsistere quam diu sit unum, sed interire atque dissolvi pariter atque unum destiterit?", + "en": "Then you know, she said, that everything that is, endures and subsists so long as it is one, and perishes and is destroyed as soon as it ceases to be one?" + }, + { + "id": 4193, + "la": "Quonam modo? Ut in animalibus, inquit, cum in unum coeunt ac permanent anima corpusque, id animal vocatur;", + "en": "How is that? For example, in living things, she replied, while the body and soul come together and remain as one, the result is called a living thing;" + }, + { + "id": 4194, + "la": "cum vero haec unitas utriusque separatione dissolvitur, interire nec iam esse animal liquet", + "en": "but when this unity is dissolved by the separation of the two, clearly it perishes and is no longer a living thing." + }, + { + "id": 4195, + "la": "Ipsum quoque corpus cum in una forma membrorum coniunctione permanet, humana visitur species;", + "en": "And the body itself, so long as by the conjunction of its members it remains in one form, is seen as a human shape;" + }, + { + "id": 4196, + "la": "at si distributae segregataeque partes corporis distraxerint unitatem, desinit esse quod fuerat", + "en": "but if the parts, being separated and scattered, tear apart the unity of the body, it ceases to be what it was." + }, + { + "id": 4197, + "la": "Eoque modo percurrenti cetera procul dubio patebit subsistere unumquodque, dum unum est, cum vero unum esse desinit, interire.", + "en": "In the same way it will be obvious beyond doubt to anyone surveying other examples that each thing subsists so long as it is one, but when it ceases to be one, it perishes." + }, + { + "id": 4198, + "la": "Consideranti, inquam, mihi plura minime aliud videtur.", + "en": "If I consider many more things, I said, it seems not in the least different." + }, + { + "id": 4199, + "la": "Estne igitur, inquit, quod in quantum naturaliter agat relicta subsistendi appetentia venire ad interitum corruptionemque desideret?", + "en": "Then is there anything, she asked, that, so far as it acts naturally, abandons the appetite for subsistence and desires to come to its own corruption and destruction?" + }, + { + "id": 4200, + "la": "Si animalia, inquam, considerem quae habent aliquam volendi nolendique naturam, nihil invenio quod nullis extra cogentibus abiciant manendi intentionem et ad interitum sponte festinent", + "en": "If I consider living things, I answered, which have some natural ability to want or not to want a thing, I find nothing which with no forces working from outside is such as to cast aside the effort to remain alive, and hasten voluntarily to its own destruction." + }, + { + "id": 4201, + "la": "Omne namque animal tueri salutem laborat, mortem vero perniciemque devitat", + "en": "For every animal strives to guard its own safety and avoids death and destruction." + }, + { + "id": 4202, + "la": "Sed quid de herbis arboribusque, quid de inanimatis omnino consentiam rebus prorsus dubito.", + "en": "But what I should think of plants and trees, or of things altogether without life, I am very much in doubt." + }, + { + "id": 4203, + "la": "Atqui non est quod de hoc quoque possis ambigere, cum herbas atque arbores intuearis primum sibi convenientibus innasci locis, ubi quantum earum natura queat cito exarescere atque interire non possint", + "en": "But there is nothing that you could be in doubt about in their case either, since you perceive first that plants and trees grow in places suitable to them, where, so far as their nature permits, they are able to avoid withering swiftly and perishing." + }, + { + "id": 4204, + "la": "Nam aliae quidem campis aliae montibus oriuntur, alias ferunt paludes, aliae saxis haerent, aliarum fecundae sunt steriles harenae, quas si in alia quispiam loca transferre conetur, arescant", + "en": "For some spring up in the fields, others on mountains; others marshes bring forth, and others cling to stones, while the barren sands are productive of others which would wither if one tried to transplant them into other places." + }, + { + "id": 4205, + "la": "Sed dat cuique natura quod convenit et ne, dum manere possunt, intereant, elaborat", + "en": "But nature gives to each what is fitting for it, and labours to prevent their dying for as long as they can endure." + }, + { + "id": 4206, + "la": "Quid quod omnes velut in terras ore demerso trahunt alimenta radicibus ac per medullas robur corticemque diffundunt?", + "en": "Have you not noticed that they all, with, as it were, their mouths buried in the ground, draw nourishment through their roots and diffuse strength through their pith and bark?" + }, + { + "id": 4207, + "la": "Quid quod mollissimum quidque, sicuti medulla est, interiore semper sede reconditur, extra vero quadam ligni firmitate, ultimus autem cortex adversum caeli intemperiem quasi mali patiens defensor opponitur?", + "en": "Have you not noticed that all that is softest, like the pith,is hidden always in an inside place, covered without by some woody hardness, and lastly the bark is set as a defence against the inclemency of the weather, as able to bear its ill-usage?" + }, + { + "id": 4208, + "la": "Iam vero quanta est naturae diligentia, ut cuncta semine multiplicato propagentur!", + "en": "Again, how great indeed is natures care that all are propagated by the multiplication of seed!" + }, + { + "id": 4209, + "la": "Quae omnia non modo ad tempus manendi verum generatim quoque quasi in perpetuum permanendi veluti quasdam machinas esse quis nesciat?", + "en": "Who does not know that they are all as it were a kind of mechanism not only for enduring for a time, but also from one generation to another as if to last for ever?" + }, + { + "id": 4210, + "la": "Ea etiam quae inanimata esse creduntur nonne quod suum est quaeque simili ratione desiderant?", + "en": "And do not all those things which are believed to be without life in a similar way desire each what is fitting for itself?" + }, + { + "id": 4211, + "la": "Cur enim flammas quidem sursum levitas vehit, terras vero deorsum pondus deprimit, nisi quod haec singulis loca motionesque conveniunt?", + "en": "For why else does their lightness bear flames upwards, or its weight press earth downwards, except because these directions and motions are fitting for each?" + }, + { + "id": 4212, + "la": "Porro autem quod cuique consentaneum est, id unumquodque conservat, sicuti ea quae sunt inimica corrumpunt", + "en": "And further, whatever is suited to any thing preserves that thing, whatever it is; just as those things injurious to it destroy it." + }, + { + "id": 4213, + "la": "Iam vero quae dura sunt ut lapides, adhaerent tenacissime partibus suis et ne facile dissolvantur resistunt", + "en": "Again, those things which are hard, like stones, cling most tenaciously to their parts and resist easy dissolution;" + }, + { + "id": 4214, + "la": "Quae vero liquentia ut aer atque aqua, facile quidem dividentibus cedunt, sed cito in ea rursus a quibus sunt abscisa relabuntur, ignis vero omnem refugit sectionem", + "en": "but those things which are flowing, as air or water, yield easily it is true to forces dividing them, but the parts so divided swiftly flow together as one again; while fire shuns all division." + }, + { + "id": 4215, + "la": "Neque nunc nos de voluntariis animae cognoscentis motibus, sed de naturali intentione tractamus, sicuti est quod acceptas escas sine cogitatione transigimus, quod in somno spiritum ducimus nescientes;", + "en": "Nor are we now dealing with the voluntary motions of the intelligent soul, but with the exertion of nature, such as when we digest food we have taken in without any conscious thought, or when we draw breath in our sleep without knowing it." + }, + { + "id": 4216, + "la": "nam ne in animalibus quidem manendi amor ex animae voluntatibus, verum ex naturae principiis venit", + "en": "For not even in living things does the love of survival proceed from the acts of will of the soul, but from natural principles." + }, + { + "id": 4217, + "la": "Nam saepe mortem cogentibus causis quam natura reformidat voluntas amplectitur, contraque illud quo solo mortalium rerum durat diuturnitas gignendi opus, quod natura semper appetit, interdum coercet voluntas", + "en": "For often for compelling reasons the will embraces death, which nature fears and avoids, and on the other hand, though nature always desires it, the will sometimes restrains that act of generation by which alone the perpetuation of mortal things is assured." + }, + { + "id": 4218, + "la": "Adeo haec sui caritas non ex animali motione sed ex naturali intentione procedit", + "en": "So this love of self proceeds not from a motion of the soul but from an exertion of nature;" + }, + { + "id": 4219, + "la": "Dedit enim providentia creatis a se rebus hanc vel maximam manendi causam ut quoad possunt naturaliter manere desiderent;", + "en": "for providence has given to her creatures this most important cause of enduring, that by their nature they desire to endure so far as they can." + }, + { + "id": 4220, + "la": "quare nihil est quod ullo modo queas dubitare cuncta quae sunt appetere naturaliter constantiam permanendi, devitare perniciem.", + "en": "Therefore there is nothing that could in any way make you doubt that all things that are seek naturally the continuance of their own survival, and avoid destruction." + }, + { + "id": 4221, + "la": "Confiteor, inquam, nunc me indubitato cernere quae dudum incerta videbantur.", + "en": "I confess, I said, that now I see without any doubt what previously seemed doubtful." + }, + { + "id": 4222, + "la": "Quod autem, inquit, subsistere ac permanere petit, id unum esse desiderat; hoc enim sublato ne esse quidem cuiquam permanebit.", + "en": "Now that, said she, which seeks to subsist and endure, desires to be one; for if this unity is destroyed not even continued existence will be left to anything." + }, + { + "id": 4223, + "la": "Verum est, inquam Omnia igitur, inquit, unum desiderant. Consensi", + "en": "That is true, I said. Therefore all things desire unity, she said. I agreed." + }, + { + "id": 4224, + "la": "Sed unum id ipsum monstravimus esse quod bonum. Ita quidem.", + "en": "But we have shown that unity is the very same as the good. That is so." + }, + { + "id": 4225, + "la": "Cuncta igitur bonum petunt, quod quidem ita describas licet: ipsum bonum esse quod desideretur ab omnibus.", + "en": "Therefore all things seek the good, which indeed you may describe in this way: the good is that which is desired by all things." + }, + { + "id": 4226, + "la": "Nihil, inquam, verius excogitari potest", + "en": "Nothing truer can be conceived, I said;" + }, + { + "id": 4227, + "la": "Nam vel ad nihil unum cuncta referuntur et uno veluti vertice destituta sine rectore fluitabunt, aut si quid est ad quod universa festinent, id erit omnium summum bonorum.", + "en": "for either all things are unrelated to any one thing and, as it were left without one thing as head, flow about with no direction, or, if there is anything towards which all things swiftly move, that will be the highest good of all." + }, + { + "id": 4228, + "la": "Et illa: Nimium, inquit, o alumne laetor, ipsam enim mediae veritatis notam mente fixisti", + "en": "And she said: I am so glad, dear pupil: you have fixed in your mind that mark which is at the very centre of truth." + }, + { + "id": 4229, + "la": "Sed in hoc patuit tibi quod ignorare te paulo ante dicebas.", + "en": "But now that has become clear to you which just now you said you did not know." + }, + { + "id": 4230, + "la": "Quid? inquam Quis esset, inquit, rerum omnium finis", + "en": "What? I asked. What was the end of all things, she answered;" + }, + { + "id": 4231, + "la": "Is est enim profecto, quod desideratur ab omnibus, quod quia bonum esse collegimus, oportet rerum omnium finem bonum esse fateamur", + "en": "for surely that is the end, which is desired by all; and, since we have agreed that that is the good, we must also admit the good is the end of all things." + }, + { + "id": 4232, + "la": "Quisquis profunda mente vestigat verum Cupitque nullis ille deviis falli, In se revolvat intimi lucem visus Longosque in orbem cogat inflectens motus Animumque doceat quidquid extra molitur Suis retrusum possidere thesauris", + "en": "Whoever with deep thought seeks out the truth And wants not to go wrong down devious ways, Must on himself turn back the light of his inward vision, Bending and forcing his far-reaching movements Into a circle, and must teach his mind, Whatever she is striving for without, Removed within her treasury to grasp;" + }, + { + "id": 4233, + "la": "Dudum quod atra texit erroris nubes Lucebit ipso perspicacius Phoebo", + "en": "What the black cloud of error lately covered Will shine then clearer than Phoebus himself." + }, + { + "id": 4234, + "la": "Non omne namque mente depulit lumen Obliviosam corpus invehens molem", + "en": "For the body weighing upon the mind with bulky oblivion Has not removed all light:" + }, + { + "id": 4235, + "la": "Haeret profecto semen introrsum veri Quod excitatur ventilante doctrina", + "en": "Assuredly there sticks within some seed of truth Which is stirred to life by learnings breeze." + }, + { + "id": 4236, + "la": "Nam cur rogati sponte recta censetis, Ni mersus alto viveret fomes corde?", + "en": "For why, being asked a question, do you rightly judge Out of yourself, unless the kindling lived Deep down in your heart?" + }, + { + "id": 4237, + "la": "Quod si Platonis musa personat verum, Quod quisque discit immemor recordatur.", + "en": "If Platos muse rings true, What each man learns, forgetful he recalls." + }, + { + "id": 4238, + "la": "Tum ego: Platoni, inquam, vehementer assentior, nam me horum iam secundo commemoras, primum quod memoriam corporea contagione, dehinc cum maeroris mole pressus amisi.", + "en": "Then I said: I strongly agree with Plato; for this is now the second time you have reminded me of these things. The first time was after I lost them from my memory because the body contaminated it, and the second when I was oppressed by the weight of grief." + }, + { + "id": 4239, + "la": "Tum illa: Si priora, inquit, concessa respicias, ne illud quidem longius aberit quin recorderis quod te dudum nescire confessus es.", + "en": "If you reflect on the things we have so far granted, she then said, you will not be very far from remembering even that which lately you con-fessed to not knowing." + }, + { + "id": 4240, + "la": "Quid? inquam Quibus, ait illa, gubernaculis mundus regatur.", + "en": "What? I asked. By what governance the universe is ruled, she replied." + }, + { + "id": 4241, + "la": "Memini, inquam, me inscitiam meam fuisse confessum, sed quid afferas, licet iam prospiciam, planius tamen ex te audire desidero.", + "en": "I remember, I said, that I did confess my ignorance, but what you are now bringing to light, though I can already glimpse it far off, yet I long to hear more clearly from you." + }, + { + "id": 4242, + "la": "Mundum, inquit, hunc deo regi paulo ante minime dubitandum putabas.", + "en": "A little while ago, she said, you thought it not to be doubted that this universe is ruled by God." + }, + { + "id": 4243, + "la": "Ne nunc quidem arbitror, inquam, nec umquam dubitandum putabo quibusque in hoc rationibus accedam breviter exponam", + "en": "Nor do I even now think, I said, nor shall I ever think that to be doubted, and I shall briefly set out by what arguments I come to this position." + }, + { + "id": 4244, + "la": "Mundus hic ex tam diversis contrariisque partibus in unam formam minime convenisset, nisi unus esset qui tam diversa coniungeret", + "en": "This universe is of such different and contrary parts that it would never have come together in one form were there not one to join such diverse elements together." + }, + { + "id": 4245, + "la": "Coniuncta vero naturarum ipsa diversitas invicem discors dissociaret atque divelleret, nisi unus esset qui quod nexuit contineret", + "en": "And this very conjoined diversity of natures discor-dant among themselves would split and fall apart if there were not one to hold together what he has connected." + }, + { + "id": 4246, + "la": "Non tam vero certus naturae ordo procederet nec tam dispositos motus locis, temporibus, efficientia, spatiis, qualitatibus explicarent, nisi unus esset qui has mutationum varietates manens ipse disponeret", + "en": "Nor indeed would so certain an order of nature go on, nor would things work out such well-ordered motions in place and time, in their effects, their spaces and their qualities, unless there were one who himself enduring disposed and ordered this variety of changes." + }, + { + "id": 4247, + "la": "Hoc quidquid est quo condita manent atque agitantur, usitato cunctis vocabulo deum nomino.", + "en": "And whatever this is by which created things continue in being and move, I call by the name used by all, God." + }, + { + "id": 4248, + "la": "Tum illa: Cum haec, inquit, ita sentias, parvam mihi restare operam puto ut felicitatis compos patriam sospes revisas", + "en": "Then she said: Since this is how you feel, I think there is only a little more left for me to do for you to come back to your homeland safely, capable of grasping happiness." + }, + { + "id": 4249, + "la": "Sed quae proposuimus intueamur", + "en": "But let us look at what we have set out." + }, + { + "id": 4250, + "la": "Nonne in beatitudine sufficientiam numeravimus deumque beatitudinem ipsam esse consensimus?", + "en": "Have we not included sufficiency under happiness, and granted that God is happiness itself?" + }, + { + "id": 4251, + "la": "Ita quidem. Et ad mundum igitur, inquit, regendum nullis extrinsecus adminiculis indigebit; alioquin si quo egeat, plenam sufficientiam non habebit.", + "en": "Yes indeed. And therefore, she said, he will need no outside assistance in ruling the universe; otherwise, if he need anything, he will not have full sufficiency." + }, + { + "id": 4252, + "la": "Id, inquam,ita est necessarium.", + "en": "That is necessarily so, I said." + }, + { + "id": 4253, + "la": "Per se igitur solum cuncta disponit.", + "en": "Therefore he alone disposes all things, by himself?" + }, + { + "id": 4254, + "la": "Negari, inquam, nequit.", + "en": "It cannot, I said, be denied." + }, + { + "id": 4255, + "la": "Atqui deus ipsum bonum esse monstratus est.", + "en": "And God has been shown to be the good itself." + }, + { + "id": 4256, + "la": "Memini, inquam Per bonum igitur cuncta disponit, si quidem per se regit omnia quem bonum esse consensimus et hic est veluti quidam clavus atque gubernaculum quo mundana machina stabilis atque incorrupta servatur.", + "en": "So I recall, I said. So he disposes all things by the good, since he rules all things by himself, and we have agreed that he is the good; and this is as it were the tiller or helm by which the fabric of the universe is preserved stable and unharmed." + }, + { + "id": 4257, + "la": "Vehementer assentior, inquam, et id te paulo ante dicturam tenui licet suspicione prospexi.", + "en": "I firmly agree, I said, and I foresaw just now, although only with a vague suspicion, that that was what you would say." + }, + { + "id": 4258, + "la": "Credo; inquit, iam enim ut arbitror vigilantius ad cernenda vera oculos deducis", + "en": "So I believe, she said, for now, I think, you direct your gaze more watchfully to discern the truth;" + }, + { + "id": 4259, + "la": "Sed quod dicam non minus ad contuendum patet.", + "en": "but what I shall now say lies no less obviously before your eyes." + }, + { + "id": 4260, + "la": "Quid? inquam Cum deus, inquit, omnia bonitatis clavo gubernare iure credatur eademque omnia sicuti docui ad bonum naturali intentione festinent, num dubitari potest quin voluntaria regantur seque ad disponentis nutum veluti convenientia contemperataque rectori sponte convertant?", + "en": "What is that? I asked. Since God is rightly believed, she answered, to govern all things with the helm of goodness, and all these same things, as I have taught you, hasten towards the good by their natural exertion, can it possibly be doubted that they are ruled voluntarily, and of their own accord give heed to the command of their disposer, being as it were constitutionally accordant to their ruler?" + }, + { + "id": 4261, + "la": "Ita, inquam, necesse est; nec beatum regimen esse videretur, si quidem detrectantium iugum foret, non obtemperantium salus.", + "en": "It must be so, I said; nor would his rule seem happy, if indeed it were a yoke on the necks of those who would reject it, and not the preservation of willing subjects." + }, + { + "id": 4262, + "la": "Nihil est igitur quod naturam servans deo contrarie conetur.", + "en": "There is therefore nothing, she said, which while remaining true to its nature would try to go against God?" + }, + { + "id": 4263, + "la": "Nihil, inquam", + "en": "Nothing, I said." + }, + { + "id": 4264, + "la": "Quod si conetur, ait, num tandem proficiet quidquam adversus eum quem iure beatitudinis potentissimum esse concessimus?", + "en": "But if anything were to try, she said, will it accomplish anything against him, whom we have justly agreed to be most powerful in his blessedness?" + }, + { + "id": 4265, + "la": "Prorsus, inquam, nihil valeret.", + "en": "Surely it would not be able to achieve anything, I said." + }, + { + "id": 4266, + "la": "Non est igitur aliquid quod summo huic bono vel velit vel possit obsistere.", + "en": "Therefore there is nothing, which either would or could resist this, the highest good?" + }, + { + "id": 4267, + "la": "Non, inquam, arbitror.", + "en": "I think not, I said." + }, + { + "id": 4268, + "la": "Est igitur summum, inquit, bonum quod regit cuncta fortiter suaviterque disponit.", + "en": "It is therefore the highest good, she said, which rules all things firmly, and sweetly disposes them.a" + }, + { + "id": 4269, + "la": "Tum ego: Quam, inquam,me non modo ea quae conclusa est summa rationum, verum multo magis haec ipsa quibus uteris verba delectant, ut tandem aliquando stultitiam magna lacerantem sui pudeat.", + "en": "How much, I then said, does not only the conclusion, the sum of your arguments, delight me, but much more the very words you use, so that at long last the folly which tortured me so cruelly is ashamed." + }, + { + "id": 4270, + "la": "Accepisti, inquit,in fabulis lacessentes caelum Gigantas; sed illos quoque, uti condignum fuit, benigna fortitudo disposuit", + "en": "You have read in stories, she said, of the giants challenging heaven; but those too, as was wholly right, a kindly strength put in their proper place." + }, + { + "id": 4271, + "la": "Sed visne rationes ipsas invicem collidamus?", + "en": "But would you like us to clash together our arguments," + }, + { + "id": 4272, + "la": "Forsitan ex huiusmodi conflictatione pulchra quaedam veritatis scintilla dissiliat.", + "en": "for perhaps out of a conflict of this kind some fair spark of truth will fly out?" + }, + { + "id": 4273, + "la": "Tuo, inquam, arbitratu. Deum, inquit, esse omnium potentem nemo dubitaverit", + "en": "As it pleases you, I said. No one would doubt, she said, that God has power over all things." + }, + { + "id": 4274, + "la": "Qui quidem, inquam, mente consistat, nullus prorsus ambigat.", + "en": "No one indeed, I said, who is in his right mind could possibly doubt it." + }, + { + "id": 4275, + "la": "Qui vero est, inquit, omnium potens, nihil est quod ille non possit.", + "en": "But there is nothing, she said, which he cannot do, who has power over all." + }, + { + "id": 4276, + "la": "Nihil, inquam Num igitur deus facere malum potest?", + "en": "Nothing, I said. Now God cannot do evil, can he?" + }, + { + "id": 4277, + "la": "Minime, inquam Malum igitur, inquit, nihil est, cum id facere ille non possit, qui nihil non potest.", + "en": "she asked. Not in the least, I said. Evil, then, she said, is nothing, since he cannot do it, and there is nothing he cannot do." + }, + { + "id": 4278, + "la": "Ludisne, inquam, me inextricabilem labyrinthum rationibus texens, quae nunc quidem qua egrediaris introeas, nunc vero quo introieris egrediare, an mirabilem quendam divinae simplicitatis orbem complicas?", + "en": "Are you playing a game with me, I said, weaving an inextricable labyrinth with your arguments, since at one time you go in where you are going to come out again, and at another come out where you went in?" + }, + { + "id": 4279, + "la": "Etenim paulo ante beatitudine incipiens eam summum bonum esse dicebas quam in summo deo sitam loquebare", + "en": "Or are you folding together as it were a wonderful circle of the simplicity of God? For a little while ago, beginning with happiness, you said it was the highest good, and you said it was set in the most high God;" + }, + { + "id": 4280, + "la": "Ipsum quoque deum summum esse bonum plenamque beatitudinem disserebas;", + "en": "and you argued that God himself was the highest good and complete happiness," + }, + { + "id": 4281, + "la": "ex quo neminem beatum fore nisi qui pariter deus esset quasi munusculum dabas", + "en": "from which you gave me as a sort of little present the conclusion that no one would be happy unless he was also a god." + }, + { + "id": 4282, + "la": "Rursus ipsam boni formam dei ac beatitudinis loquebaris esse substantiam ipsumque unum id ipsum esse bonum docebas quod ab omni rerum natura peteretur", + "en": "Again, you spoke of that same form of the good being the substance of God and of happiness, and you taught me that unity itself was the same thing as the good, which was sought after by the whole natural world." + }, + { + "id": 4283, + "la": "Deum quoque bonitatis gubernaculis universitatem regere disputabas volentiaque cuncta parere nec ullam mali esse naturam", + "en": "Then too, you argued that God ruled the whole with the helm of goodness, that all things willingly obeyed, and that evil had no real nature." + }, + { + "id": 4284, + "la": "Atque haec nullis extrinsecus sumptis sed ex altero altero fidem trahente insitis domesticisque probationibus explicabas.", + "en": "And these things you set out with proofs not fetched in from outside, but belonging within and native to our sphere, each one drawing its validity from another." + }, + { + "id": 4285, + "la": "Tum illa: Minime, inquit, ludimus remque omnium maximam dei munere quem dudum deprecabamur exegimus", + "en": "Then she said: We are not in the least playing a game, but we have examined the most important of all matters, with the help of God, to whom we prayed at the beginning." + }, + { + "id": 4286, + "la": "Ea est enim divinae forma substantiae ut neque in externa dilabatur nec in se externum aliquid ipsa suscipiat, sed, sicut de ea Parmenides ait:", + "en": "For such is the form of the divine substance that it does not slip away into external things, nor does it receive anything external into itself, but as Parmenides says of ita:" + }, + { + "id": 4287, + "la": ", rerum orbem mobilem rotat, dum se immobilem ipsa conservat", + "en": "Like the body of a sphere well-rounded on all sides, it turns the moving circle of the universe while it keeps itself unmoved." + }, + { + "id": 4288, + "la": "Quod si rationes quoque non extra petitas sed intra rei quam tractabamus ambitum collocatas agitavimus, nihil est quod admirere, cum Platone sanciente didiceris cognatos de quibus loquuntur rebus oportere esse sermones", + "en": "But if we have dealt in arguments not sought outside but set within the area we were working in, there is no reason for you to wonder, since you have learned under Platos authority that words should be akin to the things spoken about." + }, + { + "id": 4289, + "la": "Felix qui potuit boni Fontem visere lucidum, Felix qui potuit gravis Terrae solvere vincula", + "en": "Happy was he who could look upon The clear fount of the good; Happy who could loose the bonds Of heavy earth." + }, + { + "id": 4290, + "la": "Quondam funera coniugis Vates Threicius gemens Postquam flebilibus modis Silvas currere mobiles, Amnes stare coegerat, Iunxitque intrepidum latus Saevis cerva leonibus, Nec visum timuit lepus, Iam cantu placidum canem, Cum flagrantior intima Fervor pectoris ureret, Nec qui cuncta subegerant Mulcerent dominum modi,", + "en": "Of old the Thracian poet mourned His wifes sad death, He who before had made the woods so nimbly run And rivers stand With his weeping measures, And the hinds fearless flank Lay beside savage lions, Nor was the hare afraid to look upon The hound, made peaceful by his song; When grief burned yet more fierce and hot His inmost heart, And measures that subdued all else Soothed not their master," + }, + { + "id": 4291, + "la": "Inmites superos querens Infernas adiit domos", + "en": "Complaining of inexorable gods above He approached the halls below." + }, + { + "id": 4292, + "la": "Illic blanda sonantibus Chordis carmina temperans Quidquid praecipuis deae Matris fontibus hauserat, Quod luctus dabat impotens, Quod luctum geminans amor, Deflet Taenara commovens Et dulci veniam prece Umbrarum dominos rogat", + "en": "There modulating gentle songs On the sounding lyre All that he drew from the foremost springs Of his goddess mother,a All that his unquelled grief bestowed And love, that doubles grief, Make his laments; he moves Taenarian hearts,b And with sweet prayer Asks pardon of the lords of Hades shades." + }, + { + "id": 4293, + "la": "Stupet tergeminus novo Captus carmine ianitor, Quae sontes agitant metu Ultrices scelerum deae Iam maestae lacrimis madent", + "en": "Taken by his strange song the doorkeeper Three-headed Cerberus stands benumbed; Goddess-avengers of mens crimes who make The guilty quake with fear Now full of sadness melt in tears;" + }, + { + "id": 4294, + "la": "Non Ixionium caput Velox praecipitat rota Et longa site perditus Spernit flumina Tantalus", + "en": "Ixions swift wheelc No longer spins his head, And Tantalus tormented by long thirst Scorns stooping to the water;" + }, + { + "id": 4295, + "la": "Vultur dum satur est modis, Non traxit Tityi iecur ,", + "en": "The vulture, while he is filled with Orpheus measures, Stops tearing at Tityus liver." + }, + { + "id": 4296, + "la": "Tandem, Vincimur, arbiter Umbrarum miserans ait, Donamus comitem viro Emptam carmine coniugem", + "en": "At last We are overborne in pity says The ruler of the shades; We grant the man his wife to go with him, Bought by his song;" + }, + { + "id": 4297, + "la": "Sed lex dona coerceat, Ne, dum Tartara liquerit", + "en": "Yet let our law restrict the gift, That, while he Tartarus quits," + }, + { + "id": 4298, + "la": "Fas sit lumina flectere", + "en": "He shall not turn his gaze." + }, + { + "id": 4299, + "la": "Quis legem det amantibus?", + "en": "Who can give lovers laws?" + }, + { + "id": 4300, + "la": "Maior lex amor est sibi", + "en": "Love is a greater law unto itself." + }, + { + "id": 4301, + "la": "Heu, noctis prope terminos Orpheus Eurydicen suam Vidit, perdidit, occidit", + "en": "Woe! By the very boundaries of Night Orpheus his Eurydice Saw, lost, and killed." + }, + { + "id": 4302, + "la": "Vos haec fabula respicit Quicumque in superum diem Mentem ducere quaeritis", + "en": "To you this tale refers, Who seek to lead your mind Into the upper day;" + }, + { + "id": 4303, + "la": "Nam qui Tartareum in specus Victus lumina flexerit, Quidquid praecipuum trahit Perdit, dum videt inferos", + "en": "For he who overcome should turn back his gaze Towards the Tartarean cave, Whatever excellence he takes with him He loses when he looks on those below." + }, + { + "id": 4304, + "la": "Haec cum Philosophia dignitate vultus et oris gravitate servata leniter suaviterque cecinisset, tum ego nondum penitus insiti maeroris oblitus intentionem dicere adhuc aliquid parantis abrupi", + "en": "When Philosophy had finished softly and sweetly singing these verses, while preserving the dignity and gravity of her face and visage, then I, not yet having completely forgotten my inward grief, interrupted her as she was just preparing to say something more," + }, + { + "id": 4305, + "la": "Et: O, inquam, veri praevia luminis quae usque adhuc tua fudit oratio, cum sui speculatione divina tum tuis rationibus invicta patuerunt, eaque mihi etsi ob iniuriae dolorem nuper oblita non tamen antehac prorsus ignorata dixisti", + "en": "and said: Lady, you who lead the way to the true light, what your speech has so far poured into my mind has clearly been both divine, contemplated on its own, and invincible because of your arguments, and you have told me things which, although lately forgotten because of the pain of my injuries, I was not previously totally ignorant of." + }, + { + "id": 4306, + "la": "Sed ea ipsa est vel maxima nostri causa maeroris, quod, cum rerum bonus rector exsistat, vel esse omnino mala possint vel impunita praetereant;", + "en": "But this itself is the very greatest cause of my grief, that, although there does exist a good ruler of the universe, evil can exist at all and even pass unpunished;" + }, + { + "id": 4307, + "la": "quod solum quanta dignum sit admiratione profecto consideras", + "en": "and I beg you consider now how much wonder this fact alone properly causes." + }, + { + "id": 4308, + "la": "At huic aliud maius adiungitur", + "en": "And to this is added another thing, of greater import:" + }, + { + "id": 4309, + "la": "Nam imperante florenteque nequitia virtus non solum praemiis caret, verum etiam sceleratorum pedibus subiecta calcatur et in locum facinorum supplicia luit", + "en": "for when wickedness flourishes and is in control, virtue not only lacks rewards, but is even thrown down and trodden under the feet of wicked men and pays the penalty in place of vice." + }, + { + "id": 4310, + "la": "Quae fieri in regno scientis omnia, potentis omnia sed bona tantummodo volentis dei nemo satis potest nec admirari nec conqueri.", + "en": "That this should happen in the kingdom of God who knows all, and is all-powerful, but only wills the good, no man can sufficiently wonder at or complain of." + }, + { + "id": 4311, + "la": "Tum illa: Et esset, inquit, infiniti stuporis omnibusque horribilius monstris, si, uti tu aestimas, in tanti velut patrisfamilias dispositissima domo vilia vasa colerentur, pretiosa sordescerent", + "en": "Then she replied: It would indeed be a matter of boundless wonder more dreadful than any evil omens if, as you think, as it were in the most well arranged house of so great a master the worthless vessels were cherished while the precious ones were allowed to get filthy." + }, + { + "id": 4312, + "la": "Sed non ita est", + "en": "But it is not so;" + }, + { + "id": 4313, + "la": "Nam si ea quae paulo ante conclusa sunt inconvulsa servantur, ipso de cuius nunc regno loquimur auctore cognosces semper quidem potentes esse bonos, malos vero abiectos semper atque inbecillos nec sine poena umquam esse vitia nec sine praemio virtutes, bonis felicia, malis semper infortunata contingere multaque id genus quae sopitis querelis firma te soliditate corroborent", + "en": "for if those conclusions we have just now reached are preserved and not overthrown, by the help of that same God of whose kingdom we are now speaking you will learn that the good are always powerful, while the bad are always abject and weak, nor are vices ever without punishment, nor virtues without reward; that success attends the good and misfortune the wicked, and many things of this kind, which will settle your complaints and strengthen you firmly and solidly." + }, + { + "id": 4314, + "la": "Et quoniam verae formam beatitudinis me dudum monstrante vidisti, quo etiam sita sit agnovisti, decursis omnibus quae praemittere necessarium puto, viam tibi quae te domum revehat ostendam", + "en": "And since I have just shown you and you have seen the form of true blessedness, and also recognized wherein it is placed, when we have run through all those things I think it necessary to set out first, I shall show you the way which will bring you back home." + }, + { + "id": 4315, + "la": "Pennas etiam tuae menti quibus se in altum tollere possit adfigam, ut perturbatione depulsa sospes in patriam meo ductu, mea semita, meis etiam vehiculis revertaris", + "en": "And I shall affix to your mind wings, whereby it may raise itself aloft, so that with all disturbance dispelled, you may return safely to your homeland, under my guidance, on my path, and in my carriage." + }, + { + "id": 4316, + "la": "Sunt etenim pennae volucres mihi Quae celsa conscendant poli", + "en": "For I have wings swift flying Which can ascend the heights of heaven;" + }, + { + "id": 4317, + "la": "Quas sibi cum velox mens induit, Terras perosa despicit, Aeris inmensi superat globum, Nubesque postergum videt, Quique agili motu calet aetheris, Transcendit ignis verticem, Donec in astriferas surgat domos Phoeboque coniungat vias Aut comitetur iter gelidi senis Miles corusci sideris, Vel quocumque micans nox pingitur, Recurrat astri circulum Atque ubi iam exhausti fuerit satis, Polum relinquat extimum Dorsaque velocis premat aetheris Compos verendi luminis", + "en": "When your quick mind has put them on, It looks down on the hated earth, Passes beyond the sphere of measureless air, And looks back at the clouds And climbs beyond the highest point of fire That burns with the rapid motion of the upper air,a Until it rise to the houses of the stars And join its path to Phoebus, Or go along the road with the cold old god, Squire to his shining star, Or where the glittering night is painted forth Turn with the circling stars; Then when it is satisfied with all so far achieved, It leaves the furthest pole, And stands on the outside of the swift upper air, Mastering its awful light. H" + }, + { + "id": 4318, + "la": "Hic regum sceptrum dominus tenet Orbisque habenas temperat Et volucrem currum stabilis regit Rerum coruscus arbiter", + "en": "ere the lord of kings his sceptre holds, Controls the reins of the world, And guides its swift chariot, though himself unmoved, The shining master of the universe." + }, + { + "id": 4319, + "la": "Huc te si reducem referat via, Quam nunc requiris immemor:", + "en": "If the road bring you back, returning to this place, Which you now seek, forgetful," + }, + { + "id": 4320, + "la": "Haec, dices, memini, patria est mihi, Hinc ortus, hic sistam gradum", + "en": "This, you will say, I remember, is my native land, Here I was born, here shall I halt my step." + }, + { + "id": 4321, + "la": "Quod si terrarum placeat tibi Noctem relictam visere, Quos miseri torvos populi timent Cernes tyrannos exules", + "en": "But if you like to look upon Earths night that you have left, Those tyrants wretched peoples fear as fierce You will see as exiles." + }, + { + "id": 4322, + "la": "Tum ego: Papae, inquam, ut magna promittis! Nec dubito quin possis efficere; tu modo quem excitaveris ne moreris.", + "en": "Then I exclaimed, Wonderful! What great things you promise me! Nor do I doubt that you can do them, but do not hold me back, whom you have now so aroused." + }, + { + "id": 4323, + "la": "Primum igitur, inquit, bonis semper adesse potentiam, malos cunctis viribus esse desertos agnoscas licebit, quorum quidem alterum demonstratur ex altero", + "en": "First then, she said, that good men always possess power, and that the wicked are deprived of all their strength, you may learn, since indeed the one is proved from the other." + }, + { + "id": 4324, + "la": "Nam cum bonum malumque contraria sint, si bonum potens esse constiterit, liquet inbecillitas mali; at si fragilitas clarescat mali, boni firmitas nota est", + "en": "For since good and evil are contraries, if it is established that good is powerful, the weakness of evil is clear; and if the frailty of evil is evident, the strength of good is known." + }, + { + "id": 4325, + "la": "Sed uti nostrae sententiae fides abundantior sit, alterutro calle procedam nunc hinc nunc inde proposita confirmans", + "en": "But that the trustworthiness of our opinion may be the greater, I shall proceed by either path, confirming my propositions now from this side, now from that." + }, + { + "id": 4326, + "la": "Duo sunt quibus omnis humanorum actuum constat effectus, voluntas scilicet ac potestas, quorum si alterutrum desit, nihil est quod explicari queat", + "en": "There are two things, by which the effect of all human actions is achieved, will and ability. If either of these be lacking, there is nothing which can be completed." + }, + { + "id": 4327, + "la": "Deficiente etenim voluntate ne aggreditur quidem quisque quod non vult;", + "en": "For the will being lacking, no man can even begin anything, because he does not will it;" + }, + { + "id": 4328, + "la": "at si potestas absit, voluntas frustra sit", + "en": "but if the ability were to be wanting, the will would be frustrated." + }, + { + "id": 4329, + "la": "Quo fit ut si quem videas adipisci velle quod minime adipiscatur, huic obtinendi quod voluerit defuisse valentiam dubitare non possis.", + "en": "That is why, if you were to see any man wanting to obtain something which he was not in fact obtaining, you could not doubt that he lacked the ability to get what he wanted." + }, + { + "id": 4330, + "la": "Perspicuum est, inquam, nec ullo modo negari potest.", + "en": "That is obvious, I said, nor can it by any means be denied." + }, + { + "id": 4331, + "la": "Quem vero effecisse quod voluerit videas, num etiam potuisse dubitabis?", + "en": "And the man you see has achieved what he desired, will you doubt that he was also able to do it?" + }, + { + "id": 4332, + "la": "Minime. Quod vero quisque potest, in eo validus, quod vero non potest, in hoc imbecillis esse censendus est.", + "en": "Not in the least. And every man should be reckoned strong in that point in which he is able, and weak in that in which he is not able." + }, + { + "id": 4333, + "la": "Fateor, inquam", + "en": "That I admit, I said." + }, + { + "id": 4334, + "la": "Meministine igitur, inquit, superioribus rationibus esse collectum intentionem omnem voluntatis humanae quae diversis studiis agitur ad beatitudinem festinare?", + "en": "Do you then remember, she asked, that it was concluded from our previous arguments that the whole effort of mans will, which is active in various pursuits, hastens towards happiness?" + }, + { + "id": 4335, + "la": "Memini, inquam, illud quoque esse demonstratum.", + "en": "I remember, I said, that that also was proved." + }, + { + "id": 4336, + "la": "Num recordaris beatitudinem ipsum esse bonum eoque modo, cum beatitudo petitur, ab omnibus desiderari bonum?", + "en": "And do you not recall that happiness is the good itself, and that in that way, when happiness is sought, the good is desired by all men?" + }, + { + "id": 4337, + "la": "Minime, inquam recordor, quoniam id memoriae fixum teneo.", + "en": "I do not recall it at all, I said, for I hold it fixed in my memory." + }, + { + "id": 4338, + "la": "Omnes igitur homines boni pariter ac mali indiscreta intentione ad bonum pervenire nituntur?", + "en": "All men, therefore, good and evil alike, strive with an effort not to be distinguished, to arrive at the good." + }, + { + "id": 4339, + "la": "Ita, inquam, consequens est.", + "en": "So it follows, I said." + }, + { + "id": 4340, + "la": "Sed certum est adeptione boni bonos fieri. Certum.", + "en": "But it is certain that men become good by obtaining the good. It is certain." + }, + { + "id": 4341, + "la": "Adipiscuntur igitur boni quod appetunt? Sic videtur.", + "en": "The good, then, obtain what they seek? So it seems." + }, + { + "id": 4342, + "la": "Mali vero si adipiscerentur quod appetunt bonum, mali esse non possent.", + "en": "And if evil men obtained what they seek, that is, the good, they could not be evil." + }, + { + "id": 4343, + "la": "Ita est. Cum igitur utrique bonum petant, sed hi quidem adipiscantur, illi vero minime, num dubium est bonos quidem potentes esse, qui vero mali sunt imbecillos?", + "en": "That is so. Since then both seek the good, but the former obtain it and the latter do not, can there be any doubt that the good are powerful, and those who are evil, weak?" + }, + { + "id": 4344, + "la": "Quisquis, inquam, dubitat, nec rerum naturam nec consequentiam potest considerare rationum.", + "en": "Whoever doubts it, I said, can be considering neither the nature of things nor what follows from the arguments." + }, + { + "id": 4345, + "la": "Rursus, inquit, si duo sint quibus idem secundum naturam propositum sit eorumque unus naturali officio id ipsum agat atque perficiat, alter vero naturale illud officium minime administrare queat, alio vero modo quam naturae convenit non quidem impleat propositum suum sed imitetur implentem, quemnam horum valentiorem esse decernis?", + "en": "Again, she said, suppose two men, to whom the same natural action is proposed, and one of them does that same action and completes it by exercising the proper natural function, but the other cannot manage that natural function, but in a manner different from that according to nature does not perform what was proposed to him but imitates the one who does perform it 'which of these two would you decide was the stronger?" + }, + { + "id": 4346, + "la": "Etsi coniecto, inquam, quid velis, planius tamen audire desidero.", + "en": "Though I guess what you would like me to say, I said, yet I desire to hear it more plainly." + }, + { + "id": 4347, + "la": "Ambulandi, inquit, motum secundum naturam esse hominibus num negabis? Minime, inquam", + "en": "You will not deny, she said, that the action of walking is natural to men? Not in the least, I replied." + }, + { + "id": 4348, + "la": "Eiusque rei pedum officium esse naturale num dubitas? Ne hoc quidem, inquam", + "en": "Nor do you doubt, surely, that the performing of that action is the natural function of the feet? I dont doubt that either, I said." + }, + { + "id": 4349, + "la": "Si quis igitur pedibus incedere valens ambulet aliusque cui hoc naturale pedum desit officium, manibus nitens ambulare conetur, quis horum iure valentior existimari potest?", + "en": "Then if one man being able to move on his feet, walked, while another who lacked this natural function of the feet, tried to walk leaning on his hands, which of these can rightly be thought the stronger?" + }, + { + "id": 4350, + "la": "Contexe, inquam, cetera; nam quin naturalis officii potens eo qui idem nequeat valentior sit, nullus ambigat.", + "en": "Construct the rest of the argument, I said, for no one would doubt that he who is able to use that natural function is stronger than the one who is unable to do the same thing." + }, + { + "id": 4351, + "la": "Sed summum bonum, quod aeque malis bonisque propositum, boni quidem naturali officio virtutum petunt, mali vero variam per cupiditatem, quod adipiscendi boni naturale officium non est, idem ipsum conantur adipisci", + "en": "Now the highest good, which is proposed to good and evil men alike, the good seek by the natural function of their virtues, but the evil only try to obtain it through their fluctuating desire, which is not the natural function for obtaining the good;" + }, + { + "id": 4352, + "la": "An tu aliter existimas? Minime, inquam, nam etiam quod est consequens patet", + "en": "or do you think otherwise? Not in the least, I said, for what follows is also clear." + }, + { + "id": 4353, + "la": "Ex his enim quae concesserim, bonos quidem potentes, malos vero esse necesse est imbecillos.", + "en": "For from these propositions, which I have granted, it follows necessarily that the good are powerful, but the evil weak." + }, + { + "id": 4354, + "la": "Recte, inquit, praecurris idque, uti medici sperare solent, indicium est erectae iam resistentisque naturae", + "en": "You run ahead rightly, she said, and that is, as doctors usually hope, an indication of a nature now raised up and resistant." + }, + { + "id": 4355, + "la": "Sed quoniam te ad intellegendum promptissimum esse conspicio, crebras coacervabo rationes", + "en": "But since I see you very ready to learn, I shall heap up many arguments together." + }, + { + "id": 4356, + "la": "Vide enim quanta vitiosorum hominum pateat infirmitas qui ne ad hoc quidem pervenire queunt ad quod eos naturalis ducit ac paene compellit intentio", + "en": "For see how plainly great is the weakness of corrupt men, who cannot attain even to that towards which their natural inclination draws and almost compels them." + }, + { + "id": 4357, + "la": "Et quid si hoc tam magno ac paene invicto praeeuntis naturae desererentur auxilio?", + "en": "And what would it be like if they were deprived of this great and almost invincible aid, of nature leading the way?" + }, + { + "id": 4358, + "la": "Considera vero quanta sceleratos homines habeat impotentia", + "en": "And consider also how great is the impotence that grips wicked men." + }, + { + "id": 4359, + "la": "Neque enim levia aut ludicra praemia petunt, quae consequi atque obtinere non possunt, sed circa ipsam rerum summam verticemque deficiunt nec in eo miseris contingit effectus quod solum dies noctesque moliuntur; in qua re bonorum vires eminent", + "en": "For those things they seek as rewards, which they cannot acquire and possess, are not trifles or playthingsa; they fail in what concerns the very sum and summit of things, nor do the wretches achieve the performance of that for which alone they spend days and nights striving; and it is in this matter that the strength of good men is outstandingly clear." + }, + { + "id": 4360, + "la": "Sicut enim eum qui pedibus incedens ad eum locum usque pervenire potuisset, quo nihil ulterius pervium iaceret incessui, ambulandi potentissimum esse censeres, ita eum qui expetendorum finem quo nihil ultra est apprehendit, potentissimum necesse est iudices", + "en": "For just as you would judge him most powerful in walking who, proceeding on foot, was able to reach a place so distant that no further passable place lay before his step, so you are bound to judge him most powerful who attains the end of all things desirable, beyond which is nothing." + }, + { + "id": 4361, + "la": "Ex quo fit quod huic obiacet, ut idem scelesti, idem viribus omnibus videantur esse deserti", + "en": "And hence we have also the opposite to this, that those same men who are wicked are those who appear destitute of all power." + }, + { + "id": 4362, + "la": "Cur enim relicta virtute vitia sectantur?", + "en": "For why do they abandon virtue and pursue vices?" + }, + { + "id": 4363, + "la": "Inscitiane bonorum?", + "en": "Is it because they do not know what things are good'" + }, + { + "id": 4364, + "la": "Sed quid enervatius ignorantiae caecitate?", + "en": "but what is more weakly than the blindness of ignorance?" + }, + { + "id": 4365, + "la": "An sectanda noverunt, sed transversos eos libido praecipitat?", + "en": "Or do they know what should be pursued, but does inordinate desire lead them headlong astray?" + }, + { + "id": 4366, + "la": "Sic quoque intemperantia fragiles qui obluctari vitio nequeunt", + "en": "Then this way too they are frail because of their lack of control, those who are unable to struggle against vice." + }, + { + "id": 4367, + "la": "An scientes volentesque bonum deserunt, ad vitia deflectunt?", + "en": "Or do they forsake the good and turn aside to vice knowingly and willingly?" + }, + { + "id": 4368, + "la": "Sed hoc modo non solum potentes esse sed omnino esse desinunt", + "en": "But in this case they cease not merely to be powerful, but simply to be:" + }, + { + "id": 4369, + "la": "Nam qui communem omnium quae sunt finem relinquunt, pariter quoque esse desistunt", + "en": "for those who leave aside the common end of all things that are, at the same time also leave off being." + }, + { + "id": 4370, + "la": "Quod quidem cuipiam mirum forte videatur, ut malos, qui plures hominum sunt, eosdem non esse dicamus;", + "en": "And this indeed may seem strange to some, that we should say of evil men, who are the majority of mankind, that they do not exist;" + }, + { + "id": 4371, + "la": "sed ita sese res habet", + "en": "but that is how things are." + }, + { + "id": 4372, + "la": "Nam qui mali sunt eos malos esse non abnuo;", + "en": "For of those who are evil I do not deny that they are evil;" + }, + { + "id": 4373, + "la": "sed eosdem esse pure atque simpliciter nego", + "en": "but that they are, purely and simply, I do deny." + }, + { + "id": 4374, + "la": "Nam uti cadaver hominem mortuum dixeris, simpliciter vero hominem appellare non possis, ita vitiosos malos quidem esse concesserim, sed esse absolute nequeam confiteri", + "en": "For as you would say that a corpse was a dead man, but you could not call it simply a man, so I concede of the vicious that they are indeed evil, but I cannot admit that they are, absolutely." + }, + { + "id": 4375, + "la": "Est enim quod ordinem retinet servatque naturam; quod vero ab hac deficit, esse etiam, quod in sua natura situm est, derelinquit", + "en": "For that is, which keeps its order and preserves its nature; and whatever falls from this, also abandons being, which is dependent on its nature." + }, + { + "id": 4376, + "la": "Sed possunt, inquies, mali. Ne ego quidem negaverim, sed haec eorum potentia non a viribus sed ab imbecillitate descendit", + "en": "But evil men, you will say, are able to do things. Not even I would deny that, but this ability of theirs is derived not from their strength but from their weakness." + }, + { + "id": 4377, + "la": "Possunt enim mala quae minime valerent, si in bonorum efficientia manere potuissent", + "en": "For they can do evil things, which they would not be able to do, had they been able to persevere in the performance of good things." + }, + { + "id": 4378, + "la": "Quae possibilitas eos evidentius nihil posse demonstrat", + "en": "And that ability they do have shows more clearly that they can really do nothing;" + }, + { + "id": 4379, + "la": "Nam si, uti paulo ante collegimus, malum nihil est, cum mala tantummodo possint, nihil posse improbos liquet.", + "en": "for if, as we concluded just now, evil is nothing, since they can only do evil, it is obvious that the wicked can do nothing." + }, + { + "id": 4380, + "la": "Perspicuum est. Atque ut intellegas quaenam sit huius potentiae vis, summo bono nihil potentius esse paulo ante definivimus.", + "en": "That is very clear. And that you may understand what the nature of this power of theirs is, remember we laid it down a little while ago that nothing was more powerful than the highest good." + }, + { + "id": 4381, + "la": "Ita est, inquam Sed idem, inquit, facere malum nequit. Minime. Est igitur, inquit, aliquis qui omnia posse homines putet?", + "en": "That is so, I said. But that, the highest good, she said, cannot do evil. Not at all. Now is there anyone, she asked, who thinks that men can do all things?" + }, + { + "id": 4382, + "la": "Nisi quis insaniat, nemo. Atqui idem possunt mala. Utinam quidem, inquam, non possent.", + "en": "No one, unless he is mad. Yet men can do evil. Would indeed, I exclaimed, that they could not!" + }, + { + "id": 4383, + "la": "Cum igitur bonorum tantummodo potens possit omnia, non vero queant omnia potentes etiam malorum, eosdem qui mala possunt minus posse manifestum est", + "en": "Since then he who can only do good things can do all things, and they cannot do all things who can do evil, it is plain that those same men, who can do evil, can do less." + }, + { + "id": 4384, + "la": "Huc accedit quod omnem potentiam inter expetenda numerandam omniaque expetenda referri ad bonum velut ad quoddam naturae suae cacumen ostendimus", + "en": "And what is more, we have shown that all power is to be counted among desirable things, and all desirable things are related to the good as to the very summit of their nature." + }, + { + "id": 4385, + "la": "Sed patrandi sceleris possibilitas referri ad bonum non potest; expetenda igitur non est", + "en": "But it is impossible for the ability to commit evil to be related to the good, and therefore it is not to be desired." + }, + { + "id": 4386, + "la": "Atqui omnis potentia expetenda est; liquet igitur malorum possibilitatem non esse potentiam", + "en": "Yet all power is to be desired; clearly therefore the ability to do evil is not a power." + }, + { + "id": 4387, + "la": "Ex quibus omnibus bonorum quidem potentia, malorum vero minime dubitabilis apparet infirmitas veramque illam Platonis esse sententiam liquet solos quod desiderent facere posse sapientes, improbos vero exercere quidem quod libeat, quod vero desiderent explere non posse", + "en": "From all of which the power of good men and the quite undoubted weakness of evil men is plain, and clearly the opinion of Plato is true that only wise men can do what they desire and that wicked men can perform what pleases them but not achieve what they desire." + }, + { + "id": 4388, + "la": "Faciunt enim quaelibet, dum per ea quibus delectantur id bonum quod desiderant se adepturos putant;", + "en": "For they do anything you like thinking they will obtain through those things in which they take pleasure, that good which they desire;" + }, + { + "id": 4389, + "la": "sed minime adipiscuntur, quoniam ad beatitudinem probra non veniunt", + "en": "but they do not obtain it, since shameful deeds are not conducive to happiness." + }, + { + "id": 4390, + "la": "Quos vides sedere celsos solii culmine reges Purpura claros nitente saeptos tristibus armis Ore torvo comminantes rabie cordis anhelos,", + "en": "Those lofty kings you see seated high on thrones, Bright in their glowing purple, hedged in with brist- ling arms, Threatening with visage stern, and gasping in the frenzy of their hearts'" + }, + { + "id": 4391, + "la": "Detrahat si quis superbis vani tegmina cultus, lam videbit intus artas dominos ferre catenas", + "en": "If a man strip from those proud kings the cloak of their empty splendour, At once he will see these lords within bear close- bound chains;" + }, + { + "id": 4392, + "la": "Hinc enim libido versat avidis corda venenis, Hinc flagellat ira mentem fluctus turbida tollens Maeror aut captus fatigat aut spes lubrica torquet", + "en": "For there, lust stirs their hearts with poisonous greed, There anger whips the mind as a whirlwind whips up waves, And either close-confined sorrow plagues, or slippery hope torments." + }, + { + "id": 4393, + "la": "Ergo cum caput tot unum cernas ferre tyrannos, Non facit quod optat ipse dominis pressus iniquis", + "en": "Therefore since as you see one head so many tyrants bears, He does not do what he himself would do, by these harsh masters pressed." + }, + { + "id": 4394, + "la": "Videsne igitur quanto in caeno probra volvantur, qua probitas luce resplendeat?", + "en": "Do you see, then, in what deep mire wickedness wallows, with what brightness goodness shines?" + }, + { + "id": 4395, + "la": "In quo perspicuum est numquam bonis praemia numquam sua sceleribus deesse supplicia", + "en": "From which it is obvious that good deeds never lack their rewards, nor wicked deeds their punishments." + }, + { + "id": 4396, + "la": "Rerum etenim quae geruntur illud propter quod unaquaeque res geritur, eiusdem rei praemium esse non iniuria videri potest, uti currendi in stadio propter quam curritur iacet praemium corona", + "en": "For in all actions performed, that for which each action is performed can rightly be seen as the reward of that action, as for example, for running on the racetrack, the crown, for which the race is run, is clearly the reward." + }, + { + "id": 4397, + "la": "Sed beatitudinem esse idem ipsum bonum propter quod omnia geruntur ostendimus", + "en": "But we have shown that happiness is the good itself, that good for which all things are done;" + }, + { + "id": 4398, + "la": "Est igitur humanis actibus ipsum bonum veluti praemium commune propositum", + "en": "therefore the good itself is proposed as the common reward for all human actions." + }, + { + "id": 4399, + "la": "Atqui hoc a bonis non potest separari neque enim bonus ultra iure vocabitur qui careat bono;", + "en": "But this cannot be separated from good men'for he will no longer rightly be called good who lacks goodness'" + }, + { + "id": 4400, + "la": "quare probos mores sua praemia non relinquunt", + "en": "and therefore good behaviour is not left without its rewards." + }, + { + "id": 4401, + "la": "Quantumlibet igitur saeviant mali, sapienti tamen corona non decidet, non arescet", + "en": "However much, therefore, evil men may rage, yet the wise mans laurels will not fall, nor wither;" + }, + { + "id": 4402, + "la": "Neque enim probis animis proprium decus aliena decerpit improbitas", + "en": "for neither does anothers wickedness pluck their proper glory from good spirits." + }, + { + "id": 4403, + "la": "Quod si extrinsecus accepto laetaretur, poterat hoc vel alius quispiam vel ipse etiam qui contulisset auferre;", + "en": "But should a man rejoice in what he received from someone else, some other man or even he who gave it would be able to take it away." + }, + { + "id": 4404, + "la": "sed quoniam id sua cuique probitas confert, tum suo praemio carebit, cum probus esse desierit", + "en": "But since his goodness confers on each man his reward, he will only lack it when he has ceased to be good." + }, + { + "id": 4405, + "la": "Postremo cum omne praemium idcirco appetatur quoniam bonum esse creditur, quis boni compotem praemii iudicet expertem?", + "en": "Lastly, since every reward is sought after because it is believed to be good, who will judge one who possesses the good to be without his reward?" + }, + { + "id": 4406, + "la": "At cuius praemii?", + "en": "But what reward?" + }, + { + "id": 4407, + "la": "Omnium pulcherrimi maximique", + "en": "The greatest and fairest of all:" + }, + { + "id": 4408, + "la": "Memento etenim corollarii illius quod paulo ante praecipuum dedi ac sic collige: cum ipsum bonum beatitudo sit, bonos omnes eo ipso quod boni sint fieri beatos liquet", + "en": "for remember that corollarya which I gave you a little time ago as an excellent present, and conclude thus: since the good itself is happiness, it is clear that all good men are made happy for this reason, that they are good." + }, + { + "id": 4409, + "la": "Sed qui beati sint deos esse convenit", + "en": "But those who are happy, it is agreed, are gods;" + }, + { + "id": 4410, + "la": "Est igitur praemium bonorum quod nullus deterat dies, nullius minuat potestas, nullius fuscet improbitas, deos fieri", + "en": "and therefore that is the reward of good men, which no time can lessen, no mans power diminish, no mans wickedness obscure, to become gods." + }, + { + "id": 4411, + "la": "Quae cum ita sint, de malorum quoque inseparabili poena dubitare sapiens nequeat", + "en": "These things being so for good men, no wise man can doubt either of the punishment inseparable from evil men;" + }, + { + "id": 4412, + "la": "Nam cum bonum malumque item poenae atque praemium adversa fronte dissideant, quae in boni praemio videmus accedere eadem necesse est in mali poena contraria parte respondeant", + "en": "for since good and evil, and also punishment and reward, are directly opposite to one another, what we see added in the case of the good mans reward must necessarily be reflected in an opposite manner in the case of the evil mans punishment." + }, + { + "id": 4413, + "la": "Sicut igitur probis probitas ipsa fit praemium, ita improbis nequitia ipsa supplicium est", + "en": "As therefore goodness is itself the reward for good men, so for wicked men wickedness is itself the punishment." + }, + { + "id": 4414, + "la": "Iam vero quisquis afficitur poena, malo se affectum esse non dubitat", + "en": "Now whoever is punished is in no doubt that he is afflicted with evil." + }, + { + "id": 4415, + "la": "Si igitur sese ipsi aestimare velint, possuntne sibi supplicii expertes videri quos omnium malorum extrema nequitia non affecit modo verum etiam vehementer infecit?", + "en": "If therefore they were willing to appraise their own state, could those men think themselves without punishment whom wickedness'the worst of all evils! 'not only affects but even disastrously infects?" + }, + { + "id": 4416, + "la": "Vide autem ex adversa parte bonorum, quae improbos poena comitetur", + "en": "But see, by comparing it with its opposite in the case of the good, what punishment attends the wicked." + }, + { + "id": 4417, + "la": "Omne namque quod sit unum esse ipsumque unum bonum esse paulo ante didicisti, cui consequens est ut omne quod sit id etiam bonum esse videatur", + "en": "For you learned a little time ago that everything that is, is one, and that oneness itself is good; and from this it follows that everything, since it is, is seen also to be good." + }, + { + "id": 4418, + "la": "Hoc igitur modo quidquid a bono deficit esse desistit;", + "en": "In this way, then, whatever falls from goodness, ceases to be;" + }, + { + "id": 4419, + "la": "quo fit ut mali desinant esse quod fuerant, sed fuisse homines adhuc ipsa humani corporis reliqua species ostentat", + "en": "wherefore evil men cease to be what they were'but that they were men till now their still surviving form of the human body shows'" + }, + { + "id": 4420, + "la": "Quare versi in malitiam humanam quoque amisere naturam", + "en": "and therefore by turning to wickedness they have by the same act lost their human nature." + }, + { + "id": 4421, + "la": "Sed cum ultra homines quemque provehere sola probitas possit, necesse est ut quos ab humana condicione deiecit, infra hominis meritum detrudat improbitas", + "en": "But since only goodness can raise anyone above mankind, it follows necessarily that wickedness thrusts down beneath deserving the name of men those whom it has cast down from the human condition." + }, + { + "id": 4422, + "la": "Evenit igitur, ut quem transformatum vitiis videas hominem aestimare non possis", + "en": "So it follows that you cannot adjudge him a man whom you see transformed by vices." + }, + { + "id": 4423, + "la": "Avaritia fervet alienarum opum violentus ereptor?", + "en": "The violent plunderer of others wealth burns with avarice:" + }, + { + "id": 4424, + "la": "Lupi similem dixeris", + "en": "you would say he was like a wolf." + }, + { + "id": 4425, + "la": "Ferox atque inquies linguam litigiis exercet?", + "en": "The wild and restless man exercises his tongue in disputes:" + }, + { + "id": 4426, + "la": "Cani comparabis", + "en": "you will compare him to a dog." + }, + { + "id": 4427, + "la": "Insidiator occultus subripuisse fraudibus gaudet?", + "en": "The secret trickster rejoices that he succeeds in his frauds:" + }, + { + "id": 4428, + "la": "Vulpeculis exaequetur", + "en": "let him be on a level with the little foxes." + }, + { + "id": 4429, + "la": "Irae intemperans fremit?", + "en": "He that cannot govern his anger roars:" + }, + { + "id": 4430, + "la": "Leonis animum gestare credatur", + "en": "let him be thought to have the spirit of a lion." + }, + { + "id": 4431, + "la": "Pavidus ac fugax non metuenda formidat?", + "en": "The timorous and fugitive is afraid of things not fearful:" + }, + { + "id": 4432, + "la": "Cervis similis habeatur", + "en": "let him be reckoned like a deer." + }, + { + "id": 4433, + "la": "Segnis ac stupidus torpit?", + "en": "The stupid sluggard is numb:" + }, + { + "id": 4434, + "la": "Asinum vivit", + "en": "he lives an asss life." + }, + { + "id": 4435, + "la": "Levis atque inconstans studia permutat?", + "en": "The fickle and inconstant changes his pursuits:" + }, + { + "id": 4436, + "la": "Nihil avibus differt", + "en": "he is no different from the birds." + }, + { + "id": 4437, + "la": "Foedis inmundisque libidinibus immergitur?", + "en": "A man is drowned in foul and unclean lusts:" + }, + { + "id": 4438, + "la": "Sordidae suis voluptate detinetur", + "en": "he is gripped by the pleasure of a filthy sow." + }, + { + "id": 4439, + "la": "Ita fit ut qui probitate deserta homo esse desierit, cum in divinam condicionem transire non possit, vertatur in beluam", + "en": "So he who having left goodness aside has ceased to be a man, since he cannot pass over into the divine state, turns into a beast." + }, + { + "id": 4440, + "la": "Vela Neritii ducis Et vagas pelago rates Eurus appulit insulae, Pulchra qua residens dea Solis edita semine Miscet hospitibus novis Tacta carmine pocula", + "en": "The ship of Ulyssesa And his ocean-wandering fleet The south-east wind drove to the isle Where the fair goddess dwells Sprung from the Suns seed,b Who mixes for each new guest An enchanted cup." + }, + { + "id": 4441, + "la": "Quos ut in varios modos Vertit herbipotens manus, Hunc apri facies tegit, Ille Marmaricus leo Dente crescit et unguibus", + "en": "Her herb-skilled hand Thus changes them in various ways: This one the shape of boar conceals, That one a lion of Africac Grows fangs and claws;" + }, + { + "id": 4442, + "la": "Hic lupis nuper additus, Flere dum parat, ululat", + "en": "Another just becoming one with wolves, While he essays to weep, but howls;" + }, + { + "id": 4443, + "la": "Ille tigris ut Indica Tecta mitis obambulat", + "en": "Another like an Indian tiger Prowls tame around the house." + }, + { + "id": 4444, + "la": "Sed licet variis malis Numen Arcadis alitis Obsitum miserans ducem Peste solverit hospitis, Iam tamen mala remiges Ore pocula traxerant, Iam sues Cerealia Glande pabula verterant Et nihil manet integrum Voce corpore perditis", + "en": "But though the power of the Arcadian flyerd Had pity on the captain Beset by these different ills, And freed him from the poison of his host, Yet already his oarsmens throats Had drained the evil drinks, Already as swine they had changed Their bread for acorns, And for them, lost, Nothing, in voice or body, stays unchanged." + }, + { + "id": 4445, + "la": "Sola mens stabilis super Monstra quae patitur gemit", + "en": "Alone the mind of each, surviving firm, Bemoans the monster it endures." + }, + { + "id": 4446, + "la": "O levem nimium manum Nec potentia gramina, Membra quae valeant licet, Corda vertere non valent!", + "en": "O too feeble hand, And powerless herbs! Though they have power over the limbs of men They cannot change their hearts." + }, + { + "id": 4447, + "la": "Intus est hominum vigor Arce conditus abdita", + "en": "Within is the strength of men, Kept close in a hidden citadel." + }, + { + "id": 4448, + "la": "Haec venena potentius Detrahunt hominem sibi Dira quae penitus meant Nec nocentia corpori Mentis vulnere saeviunt.", + "en": "Those poisons do more powerfully Drag down man from himself' Dire they are!'that deep within do move, And leaving the body unharmed Cruelly wound the mind." + }, + { + "id": 4449, + "la": "Tum ego: Fateor, inquam, nec iniuria dici video vitiosos, tametsi humani corporis speciem servent, in beluas tamen animorum qualitate mutari;", + "en": "Then I said: I admit, and I see that it is not wrongly said that the wicked, although they preserve the form of a human body, yet in the quality of their minds they are changed into beasts;" + }, + { + "id": 4450, + "la": "sed quorum atrox scelerataque mens bonorum pernicie saevit, id ipsum eis licere noluissem.", + "en": "but I should have wished that those whose savage and wicked mind rages for the destruction of the good had not had that within their power." + }, + { + "id": 4451, + "la": "Nec licet, inquit, uti convenienti monstrabitur loco", + "en": "It is not, she said, as will be shown in its proper place;" + }, + { + "id": 4452, + "la": "Sed tamen si id ipsum quod eis licere creditur auferatur, magna ex parte sceleratorum hominum poena relevetur", + "en": "and yet, if that very power which is believed to be theirs were taken away, in great measure the punishment of these wicked men would also be relieved." + }, + { + "id": 4453, + "la": "Etenim quod incredibile cuiquam forte videatur, infeliciores esse necesse est malos, cum cupita perfecerint, quam si ea quae cupiunt implere non possint", + "en": "For indeed, as may perhaps seem unbelievable to some, the wicked must necessarily be more unhappy when they achieve what they desire than if they are unable to carry out their desires." + }, + { + "id": 4454, + "la": "Nam si miserum est voluisse prava, potuisse miserius est, sine quo voluntatis miserae langueret effectus", + "en": "For if it is wretched to have the will to do evil things, it is more wretched to have the ability to do them, without which the effecting of the will wretchedly fails." + }, + { + "id": 4455, + "la": "Itaque cum sua singulis miseria sit, triplici infortunio necesse est urgeantur quos videas scelus velle, posse, perficere.", + "en": "So since each of these has its own proper wretchedness, those must be oppressed with a threefold misfortune whom you see wanting to do evil, able to do evil, and actually doing evil." + }, + { + "id": 4456, + "la": "Accedo, inquam, sed uti hoc infortunio cito careant patrandi sceleris possibilitate deserti vehementer exopto.", + "en": "That I grant, I said, but I very strongly wish they might swiftly lose that misfortune by being deprived of the ability to commit evil." + }, + { + "id": 4457, + "la": "Carebunt, inquit, ocius quam vel tu forsitan velis vel illi sese aestiment esse carituros", + "en": "They will lose it, she said, more swiftly than you desire, perhaps, or than they think that they will." + }, + { + "id": 4458, + "la": "Neque enim est aliquid in tam brevibus vitae metis ita serum quod exspectare longum immortalis praesertim animus putet:", + "en": "For there is nothing within the brief limits of this life so late that mans mind, considering especially that it is immortal, should think it long to wait for." + }, + { + "id": 4459, + "la": "quorum magna spes et excelsa facinorum machina repentino atque insperato saepe fine destruitur, quod quidem illis miseriae modum statuit", + "en": "Their great expectation and the heights of their evil machinations are suddenly destroyed and brought to an end, often unexpectedly; and that indeed sets a limit to their wretchedness." + }, + { + "id": 4460, + "la": "Nam si nequitia miseros facit, miserior sit necesse est diuturnior nequam;", + "en": "For if wickedness makes them wretched, your long-time miscreant is bound to be more wretched." + }, + { + "id": 4461, + "la": "quos infelicissimos esse iudicarem, si non eorum malitiam saltem mors extrema finiret", + "en": "And I should judge them the most unfortunate of men but that death at least, in the end, sets a term on their wickedness;" + }, + { + "id": 4462, + "la": "Etenim si de pravitatis infortunio vera conclusimus, infinitam liquet esse miseriam quam esse constat aeternam.", + "en": "for indeed if we have come to a true conclusion about the misfortune attendant upon evil-doing, clearly that wretchedness is infinite which it is agreed is eternal." + }, + { + "id": 4463, + "la": "Tum ego: Mira quidem, inquam, et concessu difficilis inlatio, sed his eam quae prius concessa sunt nimium convenire cognosco.", + "en": "A wonderful conclusion, I then said, and one hard to concede: but I acknowledge that it accords very well with what was granted earlier." + }, + { + "id": 4464, + "la": "Recte, inquit, aestimas", + "en": "Your thoughts are right, she said," + }, + { + "id": 4465, + "la": "Sed qui conclusioni accedere durum putat, aequum est vel falsum aliquid praecessisse demonstret vel collocationem propositionum non esse efficacem necessariae conclusionis ostendat;", + "en": "but it is proper for one who thinks it hard to accede to a conclusion either to demonstrate that something false has been premised or to show that the conjunction of the premises does not give a necessary conclusion." + }, + { + "id": 4466, + "la": "alioquin concessis praecedentibus nihil prorsus est quod de inlatione causetur", + "en": "Otherwise, if the premises are granted, there is absolutely no reason why he should dispute the conclusion." + }, + { + "id": 4467, + "la": "Nam hoc quoque quod dicam non minus mirum videatur, sed ex his quae sumpta sunt aeque est necessarium.", + "en": "For this also, which I am going to tell you, may seem no less wonderful, but it follows equally necessarily from those things already taken as true." + }, + { + "id": 4468, + "la": "Quidnam? inquam", + "en": "What is that? I asked." + }, + { + "id": 4469, + "la": "Feliciores, inquit, esse improbos supplicia luentes quam si eos nulla iustitiae poena coerceat", + "en": "That the wicked, she answered, are happier being punished than if the penalty required by justice did not constrain them." + }, + { + "id": 4470, + "la": "Neque id nunc molior quod cuivis veniat in mentem, corrigi ultione pravos mores et ad rectum supplicii terrore deduci, ceteris quoque exemplum esse culpanda fugiendi, sed alio quodam modo infeliciores esse improbos arbitror impunitos, tametsi nulla ratio correctionis, nullus respectus habeatur exempli.", + "en": "And I am not now labouring a point that might occur to anyones mind, that wicked behaviour is corrected by retribution and brought back to the right way by fear of punishment, and that it is also an example to others that they should avoid anything blameworthy; but that it is in another way, I think, that the wicked are more unhappy if unpunished, even if no account were to be taken of correction, no regard paid to example." + }, + { + "id": 4471, + "la": "Et quis erit, inquam, praeter hos alius modus?", + "en": "And what will be that other way, I asked, besides these?" + }, + { + "id": 4472, + "la": "Et ilia: Bonos, inquit, esse felices, malos vero miseros nonne concessimus?", + "en": "And she answered: Have we not granted that the good are happy, the wicked wretched?" + }, + { + "id": 4473, + "la": "Ita est, inquam Si igitur, inquit, miseriae cuiuspiam bonum aliquid addatur, nonne felicior est eo cuius pura ac solitaria sine cuiusquam boni admixtione miseria est?", + "en": "We have, I said. Now if, she said, to the wretchedness of any man some good were added, is he not happier than the man whose wretchedness is uniquely pure with no admixture of good?" + }, + { + "id": 4474, + "la": "Sic, inquam, videtur.", + "en": "So it seems, I said." + }, + { + "id": 4475, + "la": "Quid si eidem misero qui cunctis careat bonis, praeter ea quibus miser est malum aliud fuerit adnexum, nonne multo infelicior eo censendus est cuius infortunium boni participatione relevatur?", + "en": "Suppose to that same wretched man, who lacks every good, there should have been added another evil besides those because of which he is wretched, is he not to be considered far less happy than he whose misfortune is relieved by some share in the good?" + }, + { + "id": 4476, + "la": "Quidni? inquam Sed puniri improbos iustum, impunitos vero elabi iniquum esse manifestum est.", + "en": "Surely, I said. But it is obviously just for the wicked to be punished, and unjust for them to escape unpunished." + }, + { + "id": 4477, + "la": "Quis id neget? Sed ne illud quidem, ait, quisquam negabit bonum esse omne quod iustum est contraque quod iniustum est malum.", + "en": "Who would deny it? But neither will anyone deny this, she said, that everything that is just is good, and on the other hand whatever is unjust is evil." + }, + { + "id": 4478, + "la": "Liquere, respondi", + "en": "I replied that that was clear." + }, + { + "id": 4479, + "la": "Habent igitur improbi, cum puniuntur quidem boni aliquid adnexum poenam ipsam scilicet quae ratione iustitiae bona est, idemque cum supplicio carent, inest eis aliquid ulterius mali ipsa impunitas quam iniquitatis merito malum esse confessus es.", + "en": "The wicked, therefore, at the time when they are punished, have some good added to them, that is, the penalty itself, which by reason of its justice is good; and in the same way, when they go without punishment, they have something further in them, the very impunity of their evil,a which you have admitted is evil because of its injustice." + }, + { + "id": 4480, + "la": "Negare non possum.", + "en": "I cannot deny it." + }, + { + "id": 4481, + "la": "Multo igitur infeliciores improbi sunt iniusta impunitate donati quam iusta ultione puniti.", + "en": "Therefore the wicked granted unjust impunity are much less happy than those punished with just retribution." + }, + { + "id": 4482, + "la": "Tum ego: Ista quidem consequentia sunt eis quae paulo ante conclusa sunt", + "en": "Then I said: These things do indeed follow from those which were just now concluded." + }, + { + "id": 4483, + "la": "Sed quaeso, inquam, te, nullane animarum supplicia post defunctum morte corpus relinquis?", + "en": "But I now ask you, do you keep no punishments for souls after the end of the body in death?" + }, + { + "id": 4484, + "la": "Et magna quidem, inquit, quorum alia poenali acerbitate, alia vero purgatoria clementia exerceri puto", + "en": "Great punishments, indeed, she said; some of them I think are executed with penal harshness, but others with a purifying clemency." + }, + { + "id": 4485, + "la": "Sed nunc de his disserere consilium non est", + "en": "But it is not my design to discuss these now.b" + }, + { + "id": 4486, + "la": "Id vero hactenus egimus, ut quae indignissima tibi videbatur malorum potestas eam nullam esse cognosceres quosque impunitos querebare, videres numquam improbitatis suae carere suppliciis, licentiam quam cito finiri precabaris nec longam esse disceres infelicioremque fore, si diuturnior, infelicissimam vero, si esset aeterna;", + "en": "But so far we have aimed to make you recognize that the power of the wicked, which appeared to you most intolerable, is really nothing, and to make you see that those who you complained were unpunished never lack the punishments due for their wickedness; and to make you learn that the licence which you prayed might swiftly be ended is not long-lasting, but would be more unhappy if it lasted longer, and most unhappy if it were eternal;" + }, + { + "id": 4487, + "la": "post haec miseriores esse improbos iniusta impunitate dimissos quam iusta ultione punitos", + "en": "and lastly, that the wicked are more wretched if they are allowed to escape in unjust impunity than if they are punished with just retribution." + }, + { + "id": 4488, + "la": "Cui sententiae consequens est ut tum demum gravioribus suppliciis urgeantur, cum impuniti esse creduntur.", + "en": "And it follows from this conclusion that they are oppressed by heavier punishments precisely when they are thought to be unpunished." + }, + { + "id": 4489, + "la": "Tum ego: Cum tuas, inquam, rationes considero, nihil dici verius puto", + "en": "Then I said: When I consider your arguments, I think nothing is more truly stated," + }, + { + "id": 4490, + "la": "At si ad hominum iudicia revertar, quis ille est cui haec non credenda modo sed saltem audienda videantur?", + "en": "but if I were to turn again to the judgements of men, is there anyone to whom they would not seem unworthy not merely of belief but even of a hearing?" + }, + { + "id": 4491, + "la": "Ita est, inquit illa", + "en": "That is so, she said." + }, + { + "id": 4492, + "la": "Nequeunt enim oculos tenebris assuetos ad lucem perspicuae veritatis attollere, similesque avibus sunt quarum intuitum nox inluminat dies caecat", + "en": "For they cannot raise eyes accustomed to darkness to the light of manifest truth, and they are like birds whose sight night enlightens but day makes blind." + }, + { + "id": 4493, + "la": "Dum enim non rerum ordinem, sed suos intuentur affectus, vel licentiam vel impunitatem scelerum putant esse felicem", + "en": "For while they have regard not to the order of the world but their own desires, they think the freedom to commit evil and go unpunished for the evil done is a happy thing." + }, + { + "id": 4494, + "la": "Vide autem quid aeterna lex sanciat", + "en": "But see what eternal law ordains." + }, + { + "id": 4495, + "la": "Melioribus animum conformaveris, nihil opus est iudice praemium deferente;", + "en": "Suppose you have conformed your mind to better things: there is no need of a judge to confer rewards, you have yourself joined yourself to the more excellent things." + }, + { + "id": 4496, + "la": "tu te ipse excellentioribus addidisti", + "en": "Suppose you turn aside to worse things:" + }, + { + "id": 4497, + "la": "Studium ad peiora deflexeris, extra ne quaesieris ultorem", + "en": "look not without for one to punish you, you have yourself thrust yourself down among the baser things;" + }, + { + "id": 4498, + "la": "Tu te ipse in deteriora trusisti, veluti si vicibus sordidam humum caelumque respicias, cunctis extra cessantibus ipsa cernendi ratione nunc caeno nunc sideribus interesse videaris", + "en": "just as, if you were to look by turns now at the squalid ground, now at the sky, leaving aside all other outward signs, on the evidence of your sight itself you would seem now to be in the dirt, now among the stars." + }, + { + "id": 4499, + "la": "At vulgus ista non respicit Quid igitur?", + "en": "But the common herd does not look up at the stars: well then," + }, + { + "id": 4500, + "la": "Hisne accedamus quos beluis similes esse monstravimus?", + "en": "shall we join them, who we have shown are like the beasts?" + }, + { + "id": 4501, + "la": "Quid si quis amisso penitus visu ipsum etiam se habuisse oblivisceretur intuitum nihilque sibi ad humanam perfectionem deesse arbitraretur, num videntes eadem caeco putaremus?", + "en": "Suppose a man having completely lost his sight forgot even that he ever possessed sight at all, and thought he lacked nothing needed to make him perfectly a man, surely we who see would not have the same opinions as that blind man?" + }, + { + "id": 4502, + "la": "Nam ne illud quidem adquiescent quod aeque validis rationum nititur firmamentis:", + "en": "For not even this will they assent to, which rests on equally strong foundations," + }, + { + "id": 4503, + "la": "infeliciores eos esse qui faciant quam qui patiantur iniuriam.", + "en": "that those are more unhappy who commit injustice than those who suffer it." + }, + { + "id": 4504, + "la": "Vellem, inquam, has ipsas audire rationes. Omnem, inquit, improbum num supplicio dignum negas?", + "en": "Those are arguments, I said, which I should like to hear. You do not deny, she said, that every wicked man is worthy of punishment?" + }, + { + "id": 4505, + "la": "Minime. Infelices vero esse qui sint improbi multipliciter liquet.", + "en": "Not at all. But it is in many ways obvious that those who are wicked are unhappy." + }, + { + "id": 4506, + "la": "Ita, inquam Qui igitur supplicio digni sunt miseros esse non dubitas?", + "en": "Yes, I said. Therefore you do not doubt that those who are worthy of punishment are wretched?" + }, + { + "id": 4507, + "la": "Convenit, inquam Si igitur cognitor, ait, resideres, cui supplicium inferendum putares, eine qui fecisset an qui pertulisset iniuriam?", + "en": "Agreed, I said. Now if you, she said, were sitting as judge, which would you think should bear the punishment, the one who has committed the injustice or the one who suffered it?" + }, + { + "id": 4508, + "la": "Nec ambigo, inquam, quin perpesso satisfacerem dolore facientis.", + "en": "I am in no doubt, I said, that I should give satisfaction to the sufferer by the pain of the perpetrator." + }, + { + "id": 4509, + "la": "Miserior igitur tibi iniuriae inlator quam acceptor esse videretur.", + "en": "So the committer of the injustice would seem to you more wretched than the receiver of it." + }, + { + "id": 4510, + "la": "Consequitur, inquam Hinc igitur aliis de causis ea radice nitentibus, quod turpitudo suapte natura miseros faciat, apparet inlatam cuilibet iniuriam non accipientis sed inferentis esse miseriam.", + "en": "That follows, I said. And therefore for this and other causes resting on the same principle, that dishonesty makes men wretched by its very nature, it is clear that an injustice committed against any man means wretchedness not for the receiver but for the doer of the injustice." + }, + { + "id": 4511, + "la": "Atqui nunc, ait, contra faciunt oratores", + "en": "Yet now-a-days, she said, orators take the opposite line." + }, + { + "id": 4512, + "la": "Pro his enim qui grave quid acerbumque perpessi sunt miserationem iudicum excitare conantur, cum magis admittentibus iustior miseratio debeatur;", + "en": "For they try to stir the judges to mercy for those who have suffered some severe and grievous injury, when the mercy is more justly owed rather to those perpetrating the injury," + }, + { + "id": 4513, + "la": "quos non ab iratis sed a propitiis potius miserantibusque accusatoribus ad iudicium veluti aegros ad medicum duci oportebat, ut culpae morbos supplicio resecarent", + "en": "who ought, not by angry, but rather by kindly and merciful accusers to be brought to judgment like sick men to a doctor, that they might cut out their fault by being punished." + }, + { + "id": 4514, + "la": "Quo pacto defensorum opera vel tota frigeret, vel si prodesse hominibus mallet, in accusationis habitum verteretur", + "en": "In this way, the work of defence-counsel would either languish altogether or, if they preferred to do men good, their role would be changed to that of prosecutors." + }, + { + "id": 4515, + "la": "Ipsi quoque improbi, si eis aliqua rimula virtutem relictam fas esset aspicere vitiorumque sordes poenarum cruciatibus se deposituros viderent, compensatione adipiscendae probitatis nec hos cruciatus esse ducerent defensorumque operam repudiarent ac se totos accusatoribus iudicibusque permitterent", + "en": "And the wicked themselves, if it were allowable to glimpse through some small chink the virtue they had abandoned, and see that they would lay aside, through the torments of their punishment, the filth of their vices, they would not think them torments, weighing against them the benefit of acquiring goodness, and they would reject the efforts of defence lawyers and give themselves wholly over to their prosecutors and judges." + }, + { + "id": 4516, + "la": "Quo fit ut apud sapientes nullus prorsus odio locus relinquatur", + "en": "Wherefore in wise men there would be left no place at all for hatred:" + }, + { + "id": 4517, + "la": "Nam bonos quis nisi stultissimus oderit? Malos vero odisse ratione caret", + "en": "for who except an utter fool would hate good men? Yet to hate the wicked lacks all reason." + }, + { + "id": 4518, + "la": "Nam si, uti corporum languor, ita vitiositas quidam est quasi morbus animorum, cum aegros corpore minime dignos odio sed potius miseratione iudicemus, multo magis non insequendi sed miserandi sunt quorum mentes omni languore atrocior urget improbitas", + "en": "For if, just as faintness is a disease of the body, so is any vice a sort of disease of the mind, since we should think those sick in body not at all deserving of hatred, but rather of pity, much more are those to be pitied, not persecuted, whose minds are oppressed by what is crueller than any bodily weakness, wickedness." + }, + { + "id": 4519, + "la": "Quid tantos iuvat excitare motus Et propria fatum sollicitare manu?", + "en": "Why do you delight to stir up great commotion And with your own hand to invite your fate?" + }, + { + "id": 4520, + "la": "Si mortem petitis, propinquat ipsa Sponte sua volucres nec remoratur equos", + "en": "If you seek death, herself draws near Of her own accord, and does not slow her flying steeds." + }, + { + "id": 4521, + "la": "Quos serpens leo tigris ursus aper Dente petunt, idem se tamen ense petunt", + "en": "Those whom the serpent, lion, tiger, bear or boar Hunt with their teeth, the same hunt one another with their swords." + }, + { + "id": 4522, + "la": "An distant quia dissidentque mores, Iniustas acies et fera bella movent Alternisque volunt perire telis?", + "en": "Is it because they differ and their customs disagree, That they unjustly wage such cruel wars And by each others weapons are willing to die?" + }, + { + "id": 4523, + "la": "Non est iusta satis saevitiae ratio", + "en": "Not right enough is crueltys reasoning;" + }, + { + "id": 4524, + "la": "Vis aptam meritis vicem referre?", + "en": "Would you give fair return for mens deserts?" + }, + { + "id": 4525, + "la": "Dilige iure bonos et miseresce malis.", + "en": "Rightly then love the good, and pity the evil." + }, + { + "id": 4526, + "la": "Hic ego: Video, inquam, quae sit vel felicitas vel miseria in ipsis proborum atque improborum meritis constituta", + "en": "Then said I: I see what happiness and what wretchedness is implicit in the deserts of honest and of dishonest men." + }, + { + "id": 4527, + "la": "Sed in hac ipsa fortuna populari non nihil boni malive inesse perpendo", + "en": "Yet even in that popular idea of fortune itself I consider there is some good or ill:" + }, + { + "id": 4528, + "la": "Neque enim sapientum quisquam exul inops ignominiosusque esse malit, potius quam pollens opibus, honore reverendus, potentia validus, in sua permanens urbe florere", + "en": "for none of those who are wise would prefer to be an exile, poor and disgraced, rather than to flourish staying in his own city, powerful because of his riches, respected for his honours, and strong in his power." + }, + { + "id": 4529, + "la": "Sic enim clarius testatiusque sapientiae tractatur officium, cum in contingentes populos regentium quodam modo beatitudo transfunditur, cum praesertim carcer, nex ceteraque legalium tormenta poenarum perniciosis potius civibus propter quos etiam constituta sunt debeantur", + "en": "For thus is the office of wisdom practised in a more notable and manifest way, when the happiness of the rulers is in some manner transferred to the peoples under them, especially when prison, death and the other torments of the punishments of the law are due rather to wicked citizens, for whom indeed they were established." + }, + { + "id": 4530, + "la": "Cur haec igitur versa vice mutentur scelerumque supplicia bonos premant, praemia virtutum mali rapiant, vehementer admiror, quaeque tam iniustae confusionis ratio videatur ex te scire desidero", + "en": "Now why these things are changed about, vice versa, and the punishments due to the wicked oppress the good, while the wicked seize the rewards due to virtue, I earnestly wonder, and I long to learn from you what might appear to be the explanation of such iniquitous confusion." + }, + { + "id": 4531, + "la": "Minus etenim mirarer, si misceri omnia fortuitis casibus crederem", + "en": "For I should indeed wonder less, if I believed that all were jumbled up by random chances." + }, + { + "id": 4532, + "la": "Nunc stuporem meum deus rector exaggerat", + "en": "But as it is, my belief in God as governor increases my astonishment." + }, + { + "id": 4533, + "la": "Qui cum saepe bonis iucunda, malis aspera contraque bonis dura tribuat, malis optata concedat, nisi causa deprehenditur, quid est quod a fortuitis casibus differre videatur?", + "en": "Since he frequently grants delights to the good and unpleasant things to the wicked, and on the other hand frequently metes out harshness to the good and grants their desires to the wicked, unless the cause is discovered, why should his governance seem to be any different from that of random chances?" + }, + { + "id": 4534, + "la": "Nec mirum, inquit, si quid ordinis ignorata ratione temerarium confusumque credatur", + "en": "It is no wonder, she said, if a thing be thought random and confused, when the true ground of its order is unknown." + }, + { + "id": 4535, + "la": "Sed tu quamvis causam tantae dispositionis ignores, tamen quoniam bonus mundum rector temperat, recte fieri cuncta ne dubites", + "en": "But you, although you do not know the cause of this great ordering, yet, since a good governor does regulate the universe, do not doubt that all things are rightly done." + }, + { + "id": 4536, + "la": "Si quis Arcturi sidera nescit Propinqua summo cardine labi, Cur legat tardus plaustra Bootes Mergatque seras aequore flammas, Cum nimis celeres explicet ortus, Legem stupebit aetheris alti", + "en": "If a man know not how Arcturus stars Glide next the pole of heaven, Or why Botes follows slow the Wain, And sinks his fires so late into the sea, While he so quickly rises, He will be astounded at high heavens law." + }, + { + "id": 4537, + "la": "Palleant plenae cornua lunae Infecta metis noctis opacae Quaeque fulgenti texerat ore Confusa Phoebe detegat astra, Commovet gentes publicus error Lassantque crebris pulsibus aera", + "en": "Let the full moons horns grow pale, Darkened by thick nights cone, And the stars she hid with her shining face Let Phoebe, thus obscured, discover: The common peoples error troubles the nations And the bronze is worn with constant striking.a" + }, + { + "id": 4538, + "la": "Nemo miratur flamina Cori Litus frementi tundere fluctu Nec nivis duram frigore molem Fervente Phoebi solvier aestu Hic enim causas cernere promptum est, Illic latentes pectora turbant Cuncta quae rara provehit aetas Stupetque subitis mobile vulgus,", + "en": "No man wonders that the blowing of the north-west wind Beats on the shore with rumbling wave, Nor that the snows hard weight of cold Is loosed by the glowing warmth of Phoebus. For to see the causes here is easy, While there they are hidden and disturb mens hearts; All things that time brings forth but rarely, And unexpected things, astound the excitable mob." + }, + { + "id": 4539, + "la": "Cedat inscitiae nubilus error, Cessent profecto mira videri.", + "en": "Let the clouded error of ignorance give place, And straightway let them cease to seem astonishing." + }, + { + "id": 4540, + "la": "Ita est, inquam; sed cum tui muneris sit latentium rerum causas evolvere velatasque caligine explicare rationes, quaeso uti quae hinc decernas, quoniam hoc me miraculum maxime perturbat, edisseras.", + "en": "That is so, I said. Yet since it is your office to unfurl the causes of hidden things and to unfold explanations veiled in mist, I beseech you to explain what conclusions you draw from this, for that wonder I mentioned disturbs me very greatly." + }, + { + "id": 4541, + "la": "Tum illa paulisper arridens: Ad rem me, inquit, omnium quaesitu maximam vocas, cui vix exhausti quicquam satis sit", + "en": "Then she said, smiling a little, You invite me to discuss a matter greatest of all in the seeking, and such that almost no discourse, however exhaustive, is sufficient for it." + }, + { + "id": 4542, + "la": "Talis namque materia est ut una dubitatione succisa innumerabiles aliae velut hydrae capita succrescant, nec ullus fuerit modus, nisi quis eas vivacissimo mentis igne coerceat", + "en": "It is such a kind of matter that, when one doubt is cut away, innumerable others grow in its place, like the heads of the Hydraa; nor would there be any limit to them, if one did not repress them with the most lively fire of ones mind." + }, + { + "id": 4543, + "la": "In hac enim de providentiae simplicitate, de fati serie, de repentinis casibus, de cognitione ac praedestinatione divina, de arbitrii libertate quaeri solet, quae quanti oneris sint ipse perpendis", + "en": "For under this head enquiry is made concerning the singleness of providence, the course of fate, the suddenness of chance, the knowledge and predestination of God, and the freedom of the will'and you are well aware what weighty questions these are." + }, + { + "id": 4544, + "la": "Sed quoniam haec quoque te nosse quaedam medicinae tuae portio est, quamquam angusto limite temporis saepti tamen aliquid delibare conabimur", + "en": "But since that you should know these things too is some part of your medicine, although we are constrained within a narrowly limited time, we shall try to have some discussion of them." + }, + { + "id": 4545, + "la": "Quod si te musici carminis oblectamenta delectant, hanc oportet paulisper differas voluptatem, dum nexas sibi ordine contexo rationes.", + "en": "But if the delights of music and song please you, for a little while you must postpone that pleasure, while I weave arguments for you bound to each other in due order." + }, + { + "id": 4546, + "la": "Ut libet, inquam Tunc velut ab alio orsa principio ita disseruit:", + "en": "As it pleases you, I said. Then as if beginning from a new starting-point, she discoursed in this way:" + }, + { + "id": 4547, + "la": "Omnium generatio rerum cunctusque mutabilium naturarum progressus et quidquid aliquo movetur modo, causas, ordinem, formas ex divinae mentis stabilitate sortitur", + "en": "The generation of all things, and the whole development of changeable natures, and whatever moves in any manner,a are given their causes, order and forms from the stability of the divine mind." + }, + { + "id": 4548, + "la": "Haec in suae simplicitatis arce composita multiplicem rebus regendis modum statuit", + "en": "That mind, firmly placed in the citadel of its own simplicity of nature, established the manifold manner in which all things behave." + }, + { + "id": 4549, + "la": "Qui modus cum in ipsa divinae intellegentiae puritate conspicitur, providentia nominatur;", + "en": "And this manner, when it is contemplated in the utter purity of the divine intelligence, is called providence;" + }, + { + "id": 4550, + "la": "cum vero ad ea quae movet atque disponit refertur, fatum a veteribus appellatum est", + "en": "but when related to those things it moves and disposes, it was by the ancients called fate." + }, + { + "id": 4551, + "la": "Quae diversa esse facile liquebit, si quis utriusque vim mente conspexerit", + "en": "And that these are different will easily be seen, if one mentally examine the nature of each:" + }, + { + "id": 4552, + "la": "Nam providentia est ipsa illa divina ratio in summo omnium principe constituta quae cuncta disponit;", + "en": "for providence is the divine reason itself, established in the highest ruler of all things, the reason which disposes all things that exist;" + }, + { + "id": 4553, + "la": "fatum vero inhaerens rebus mobilibus dispositio per quam providentia suis quaeque nectit ordinibus", + "en": "but fate is a disposition inherent in movable things, through which providence binds all things together, each in its own proper ordering." + }, + { + "id": 4554, + "la": "Providentia namque cuncta pariter quamvis diversa quamvis infinita complectitur;", + "en": "For providence embraces all things together, though they are different, though they are infinite;" + }, + { + "id": 4555, + "la": "fatum vero singula digerit in motum locis formis ac temporibus distributa, ut haec temporalis ordinis explicatio in divinae mentis adunata prospectum providentia sit, eadem vero adunatio digesta atque explicata temporibus fatum vocetur", + "en": "but fate arranges as to their motion separate things, distributed in place, form and time; so that this unfolding of temporal order being united in the foresight of the divine mind is providence, and the same unity when distributed and unfolded in time is called fate." + }, + { + "id": 4556, + "la": "Quae licet diversa sint, alterum tamen pendet ex altero", + "en": "Now although these are different, yet the one depends on the other;" + }, + { + "id": 4557, + "la": "Ordo namque fatalis ex providentiae simplicitate procedit", + "en": "for the order of fate proceeds from the simplicity of providence." + }, + { + "id": 4558, + "la": "Sicut enim artifex faciendae rei formam mente praecipiens movet operis effectum, et quod simpliciter praesentarieque prospexerat, per temporales ordines ducit, ita deus providentia quidem singulariter stabiliterque facienda disponit, fato vero haec ipsa quae disposuit multipliciter ac temporaliter administrat", + "en": "For in the same way as a craftsman first conceives in his mind the form of the thing he is to make and then puts the work into effect, and produces by stages in temporal order what he had previously envisaged in a simple and instantaneous manner, just so God by providence disposes what is to be done in a single and unchanging way, but by fate accomplishes those same things he has disposed in a manifold and temporal way." + }, + { + "id": 4559, + "la": "Sive igitur famulantibus quibusdam providentiae divinis spiritibus fatum exercetur seu anima seu tota inserviente natura seu caelestibus siderum motibus seu angelica virtute seu daemonum varia sollertia seu aliquibus horum seu omnibus fatalis series texitur, illud certe manifestum est immobilem simplicemque gerendarum formam rerum esse providentiam, fatum vero eorum quae divina simplicitas gerenda disposuit mobilem nexum atque ordinem temporalem", + "en": "Now whether fate works by certain divine spirits acting as servants of providence, or whether the course of fate is woven by the service of the soul or of the whole of nature, or by the celestial motions of the stars, or by angelic power or demons ingenuity, or by any or all of these, this surely is clear, that the unmoving and simple form of the way things are done is providence, and fate is the movable interlacing and temporal ordering of those things which the divine simplicity has disposed to be done." + }, + { + "id": 4560, + "la": "Quo fit ut omnia quae fato subsunt providentiae quoque subiecta sint cui ipsum etiam subiacet fatum, quaedam vero quae sub providentia locata sunt fati seriem superent", + "en": "So it is that all things that are under fate are also subject to providence, to which even fate itself is subordinate; but that some things, which are placed under providence, are above the course of fate." + }, + { + "id": 4561, + "la": "Ea vero sunt quae primae propinqua divinitati stabiliter fixa fatalis ordinem mobilitatis execedunt", + "en": "These are the things which are immovably fixed close to the principal divinity and so are beyond the ordering of fates moving nature." + }, + { + "id": 4562, + "la": "Nam ut orbium circa eundem cardinem sese vertentium qui est intimus ad simplicitatem medietatis accedit ceterorumque extra locatorum veluti cardo quidam circa quem versentur exsistit, extimus vero maiore ambitu rotatus quanto a puncti media individuitate discedit tanto amplioribus spatiis explicatur, si quid vero illi se medio conectat et societ, in simplicitatem cogitur diffundique ac diffluere cessat, simili ratione quod longius a prima mente discedit maioribus fati nexibus implicatur ac tanto aliquid fato liberum est quanto illum rerum cardinem vicinius petit", + "en": "For just as, of a number of spheres turning about the same centre, the innermost one approaches the simplicity of middleness and is a sort of pivot for the rest, which are placed outside it, about which they turn; but the outermost one, turning with a greater circumference, the further it is separated from the indivisibility of the central point, the wider the spaces it spreads over; and if anything is joined or associated with that centre, it is gathered into its simplicity and ceases to spread and diffuse itself: in a similar manner, that which is furthest separated from the principal mind is entangled in the tighter meshes of fate, and a thing is the more free from fate the more closely it moves towards that centre of all things." + }, + { + "id": 4563, + "la": "Quod si supernae mentis haeserit firmitati, motu carens fati quoque supergreditur necessitatem", + "en": "And if it should cling fast to the firmness of the supernal mind, then being without motion it is also superior to the necessity of fate." + }, + { + "id": 4564, + "la": "Igitur uti est ad intellectum ratiocinatio, ad id quod est id quod gignitur, ad aeternitatem tempus, ad punctum medium circulus, ita est fati series mobilis ad providentiae stabilem simplicitatem", + "en": "Therefore as reasoning is to understanding, as that which becomes is to that which is, as time is to eternity, as the circle is to its centre, so is the moving course of fate to the unmoving simplicity of providence." + }, + { + "id": 4565, + "la": "Ea series caelum ac sidera movet, elementa in se invicem temperat et alterna commutatione transformat;", + "en": "That course moves the heaven and the stars, it mingles the elements with one another in proportion and transforms them by changing one with another;" + }, + { + "id": 4566, + "la": "eadem nascentia occidentiaque omnia per similes fetuum seminumque renovat progressus", + "en": "it renews all things that are born and die through the growth of their young and their seedlings in their likeness;" + }, + { + "id": 4567, + "la": "Haec actus etiam fortunasque hominum indissolubili causarum conexione constringit, quae cum ab immobilis providentiae proficiscatur exordiis, ipsas quoque immutabiles esse necesse est", + "en": "and it also binds the acts and fortunes of men in an unbreakable chain of causes, which since they start from beginnings in immovable providence must also be themselves immutable." + }, + { + "id": 4568, + "la": "Ita enim res optime reguntur, si manens in divina mente simplicitas indeclinabilem causarum ordinem promat", + "en": "For things are governed in the best way if the simplicity which rests in the divine mind produces an inflexible order of causes," + }, + { + "id": 4569, + "la": "Hic vero ordo res mutabiles et alioquin temere fluituras propria incommutabilitate coerceat", + "en": "and this order constrains with its own immutability things which are mutable and would otherwise be in random flux." + }, + { + "id": 4570, + "la": "Quo fit ut tametsi vobis hunc ordinem minime considerare valentibus confusa omnia perturbataque videantur, nihilo minus tamen suus modus ad bonum dirigens cuncta disponat", + "en": "So it is that although all things may seem confused and disordered to you, unable as you are to contemplate this order, nevertheless their own measure directing them towards the good disposes them all." + }, + { + "id": 4571, + "la": "Nihil est enim quod mali causa ne ab ipsis quidem improbis fiat; quos, ut uberrime demonstratum est, bonum quaerentes pravus error avertit, nedum ordo de summi boni cardine proficiscens a suo quoquam deflectat exordio", + "en": "For there is nothing which is done for the sake of evil, even by the wicked themselves; they, as has been very fully demonstrated, are turned aside by perverse error as they seek the good, far from it being that order, proceeding from the centre of the highest good, which turns them aside in any direction from the beginning." + }, + { + "id": 4572, + "la": "Quae vero, inquies, potest ulla iniquior esse confusio, quam ut bonis tum adversa tum prospera, malis etiam tum optata tum odiosa contingant?", + "en": "But, you will say, what confusion could possibly be more unfair than that for the good, things turn out both ill and well, and to the bad also both desired and detestable things happen?" + }, + { + "id": 4573, + "la": "Num igitur ea mentis integritate homines degunt, ut quos probos improbosve censuerunt eos quoque uti existimant esse necesse sit?", + "en": "Do men, then, really live with such soundness of understanding that those they have judged to be good or bad must necessarily also be as they think?" + }, + { + "id": 4574, + "la": "Atqui in hoc hominum iudicia depugnant, et quos alii praemio alii supplicio dignos arbitrantur", + "en": "Yet in this matter the judgements of men conflict, and there are those whom some judge worthy of reward, others deserving of punishment." + }, + { + "id": 4575, + "la": "Sed concedamus ut aliquis possit bonos malosque discernere;", + "en": "But let us concede that there is someone who can discern good men from evil." + }, + { + "id": 4576, + "la": "num igitur poterit intueri illam intimam temperiem, velut in corporibus dici solet, animorum?", + "en": "Will he really therefore be able to see that inward temper'as one says of the body'of mens minds?" + }, + { + "id": 4577, + "la": "Non enim dissimile est miraculum nescienti cur sanis corporibus his quidem dulcia illis vero amara conveniant, cur aegri etiam quidam lenibus quidam vero acribus adiuventur", + "en": "For the case is not unlike that which is a wonder to an ignorant man, why with some healthy bodies sweet things agree, with others bitter, or why, again, of the sick, some are helped by mild medicines, others by sharp ones." + }, + { + "id": 4578, + "la": "At hoc medicus, qui sanitatis ipsius atque aegritudinis modum temperamentumque dinoscit, minime miratur", + "en": "But this the doctor, who distinguishes the manner and temper of health itself and of sickness, does not wonder at." + }, + { + "id": 4579, + "la": "Quid vero aliud animorum salus videtur esse quam probitas?", + "en": "Now what else, think you, is the health of minds but goodness," + }, + { + "id": 4580, + "la": "Quid aegritudo quam vitia?", + "en": "what their sickness but vices," + }, + { + "id": 4581, + "la": "Quis autem alius vel servator bonorum vel malorum depulsor quam rector ac medicator mentium deus?", + "en": "and who else is both the preserver of good things and the remover of evils besides the ruler and healer of minds, God?" + }, + { + "id": 4582, + "la": "Qui cum ex alta providentiae specula respexit, quid unicuique conveniat agnoscit et quod convenire novit accommodat", + "en": "He, when he has looked out from the lofty watch-tower of his providence, sees what is fitting for each individual, and arranges what he knows is fitting." + }, + { + "id": 4583, + "la": "Hic iam fit illud fatalis ordinis insigne miraculum, cum ab sciente geritur quod stupeant ignorantes", + "en": "Here now happens that remarkable wonder of the ordering of fate, when by him who knows, such things are done as the ignorant are amazed at." + }, + { + "id": 4584, + "la": "Nam ut pauca quae ratio valet humana de divina profunditate perstringam, de hoc quem tu iustissimum et aequi servantissimum putas omnia scienti providentiae diversum videtur;", + "en": "For to glance at a few examples, which human reason can grasp, of the depth of God, in the case of that man whom you think to be most just and the greatest preserver of justice, to providence that knows all, the opposite seems true." + }, + { + "id": 4585, + "la": "et victricem quidem causam dis, victam vero Catoni placuisse familiaris noster Lucanus admonuit", + "en": "And our school-fellow Lucan suggests that the conquerors cause pleased the gods, the conquereds, Cato.a" + }, + { + "id": 4586, + "la": "Hic igitur quidquid citra spem videas geri, rebus quidem rectus ordo est, opinioni vero tuae perversa confusio", + "en": "Therefore whatever you see happen here contrary to your expectation, is indeed right order in fact, though in your opinion it is perverse confusion." + }, + { + "id": 4587, + "la": "Sed sit aliquis ita bene moratus ut de eo divinum iudicium pariter et humanum consentiat, sed est animi viribus infirmus;", + "en": "Yet suppose there be someone so well constituted that about him the judgement of God and man agree together, yet he is weak in strength of mind;" + }, + { + "id": 4588, + "la": "cui si quid eveniat adversi, desinet colere forsitan innocentiam per quam non potuit retinere fortunam", + "en": "if anything adverse happen to him he will perhaps cease to preserve his innocence, because he has not been able to keep his good fortune by its means." + }, + { + "id": 4589, + "la": "Parcit itaque sapiens dispensatio ei quem deteriorem facere possit adversitas, ne cui non convenit, laborare patiatur", + "en": "So a wise dispensation spares him whom adversity could make worse, lest it allow him to be afflicted for whom it is not fitting." + }, + { + "id": 4590, + "la": "Est alius cunctis virtutibus absolutus sanctusque ac deo proximus;", + "en": "There is another perfect in all virtues, a holy man and near to God;" + }, + { + "id": 4591, + "la": "hunc contingi quibuslibet adversis nefas providentia iudicat adeo ut ne corporeis quidem morbis agitari sinat", + "en": "that he should be affected by any adversity at all providence so far judges monstrous that it does not allow him to be troubled even by bodily illnesses." + }, + { + "id": 4592, + "la": "Nam ut quidam me quoque excellentior: A", + "en": "For as one more excellent even than myself said: The body of a holy man the heavens did build.a" + }, + { + "id": 4593, + "la": "Fit autem saepe, uti bonis summa rerum regenda deferatur, ut exuberans retundatur improbitas", + "en": "But it often happens that the highest direction of affairs is given to good men, that luxuriating wickedness may be beaten back." + }, + { + "id": 4594, + "la": "Aliis mixta quaedam pro animorum qualitate distribuit;", + "en": "To some providence metes out a fitting mixture of good and ill fortune according to the quality of their minds;" + }, + { + "id": 4595, + "la": "quosdam remordet ne longa felicitate luxurient, alios duris agitari ut virtutes animi patientiae usu atque exercitatione confirment", + "en": "some it vexes, lest they run to excess with long prosperity; others it allows to be troubled with hardships, that the virtues of their minds may be strengthened by the use and practice of patience." + }, + { + "id": 4596, + "la": "Alii plus aequo metuunt quod ferre possunt, alii plus aequo despiciunt quod ferre non possunt;", + "en": "Some are over afraid of what they can bear, others are over contemptuous of what they can not'" + }, + { + "id": 4597, + "la": "hos in experimentum sui tristibus ducit", + "en": "these it leads with harsh treatment to test themselves." + }, + { + "id": 4598, + "la": "Nonnulli venerandum saeculi nomen gloriosae pretio mortis emerunt:", + "en": "Some have bought a name respected in this world at the price of a glorious death;" + }, + { + "id": 4599, + "la": "quidam suppliciis inexpugnabiles exemplum ceteris praetulerunt invictam malis esse virtutem", + "en": "others by remaining unbeaten by their torments have shown the rest of men an example, that virtue is unconquered by evils." + }, + { + "id": 4600, + "la": "Quae quam recte atque disposite et ex eorum bono quibus accedere videntur fiant, nulla dubitatio est", + "en": "And there is no doubting how rightly and in what good order these things are done, and how much in accord with the good of those to whom they come." + }, + { + "id": 4601, + "la": "Nam illud quoque, quod improbis nunc tristia nunc optata proveniunt, ex eisdem ducitur causis;", + "en": "For this too, that the wicked are sometimes harshly treated and sometimes gain their desires, proceeds from the same causes." + }, + { + "id": 4602, + "la": "ac de tristibus quidem nemo miratur, quod eos male meritos omnes existimant", + "en": "Their harsh treatment no-one wonders at, since all think they deserve ill'" + }, + { + "id": 4603, + "la": "Quorum quidem supplicia tum ceteros ab sceleribus deterrent, tum ipsos quibus invehuntur emendant;", + "en": "and their torments indeed both deter the rest from crime and correct those they fall upon'" + }, + { + "id": 4604, + "la": "laeta vero magnum bonis argumentum loquuntur, quid de huiusmodi felicitate debeant iudicare quam famulari saepe improbis cernant", + "en": "but their joyful fortune speaks a great argument for the good to hear, how they ought to judge this kind of prosperity, which they see often attendant upon the wicked." + }, + { + "id": 4605, + "la": "In qua re illud etiam dispensari credo, quod est forsitan alicuius tam praeceps atque inportuna natura ut eum in scelera potius exacerbare possit rei familiaris inopia; huius morbo providentia collatae pecuniae remedio medetur", + "en": "And in this matter I think it is also arranged, that there is some man whose nature is so headstrong and rude, that the want of property could very likely provoke him to crime; and his sickness providence cures with this remedy, the provision of money." + }, + { + "id": 4606, + "la": "Hic foedatam probris conscientiam exspectans et se cum fortuna sua comparans, forsitan pertimescit ne cuius ei iucundus usus est, sit tristis amissio", + "en": "One man, regarding his own conscience soiled by his misdeeds, and comparing his own character with his fortune, is afraid perhaps lest it should be hard for him to lose that the enjoyment of which he finds pleasant;" + }, + { + "id": 4607, + "la": "Mutabit igitur mores ac dum fortunam metuit amittere, nequitiam derelinquit", + "en": "therefore he will change his behaviour and, while he is afraid of losing his fortune, he leaves his wickedness." + }, + { + "id": 4608, + "la": "Alios in cladem meritam praecipitavit indigne acta felicitas;", + "en": "Others prosperity unworthily used has hurled to well-deserved disaster." + }, + { + "id": 4609, + "la": "quibusdam permissum puniendi ius, ut exercitii bonis et malis esset causa supplicii", + "en": "To some the right to punish others is granted, that it may be the cause of the employment of the good and the chastisement of the bad." + }, + { + "id": 4610, + "la": "Nam ut probis atque improbis nullum foedus est, ita ipsi inter se improbi nequeunt convenire", + "en": "For just as there is no compact between honest and dishonest men, so too the dishonest cannot agree among themselves." + }, + { + "id": 4611, + "la": "Quidni, cum a semet ipsis discerpentibus conscientiam vitiis quisque dissentiat faciantque saepe, quae cum gesserint non fuisse gerenda decernant?", + "en": "How can they, when each differs even with himself, their vices tearing their consciences apart, and when they often do things which, once they have done them, they see ought not to have been done?" + }, + { + "id": 4612, + "la": "Ex quo saepe summa illa providentia protulit insigne miraculum, ut malos mali bonos facerent", + "en": "And often that highest providence produces from all this a remarkable wonder, that evil men make evil men good." + }, + { + "id": 4613, + "la": "Nam dum iniqua sibi a pessimis quidam perpeti videntur, noxiorum odio flagrantes ad virtutis frugem rediere, dum se eis dissimiles student esse quos oderant", + "en": "For some of them, while they think they are suffering injustices at the hands of men much worse than they, being inflamed with hatred of those injuring them, have come back to virtues harvest, striving to be unlike those whom they hated." + }, + { + "id": 4614, + "la": "Sola est enim divina vis cui mala quoque bona sint, cum eis competenter utendo alicuius boni elicit effectum", + "en": "For only the divine nature is such that to it even evils are good, since by suitable use of them God draws out as a result some good." + }, + { + "id": 4615, + "la": "Ordo enim quidam cuncta complectitur, ut quod adsignata ordinis ratione decesserit, hoc licet in alium, tamen ordinem relabatur, ne quid in regno providentiae liceat temeritati", + "en": "For a certain order embraces all things, so that that which has departed from the rule of this order appointed to it, although it slips into another condition yet that too is order, so that nothing in the realm of providence may be left to chance." + }, + { + "id": 4616, + "la": "A", + "en": "But it is grievous that I should talk of all this as if I were a god.a" + }, + { + "id": 4617, + "la": "Neque enim fas est homini cunctas divinae operae machinas vel ingenio comprehendere vel explicare sermone", + "en": "For it is not allowed to a man either to comprehend with his natural powers or to express in words all the devices of the work of God." + }, + { + "id": 4618, + "la": "Hoc tantum perspexisse sufficiat, quod naturarum omnium proditor deus idem ad bonum dirigens cuncta disponat, dumque ea quae protulit in sui similitudinem retinere festinat, malum omne de reipublicae suae terminis per fatalis seriem necessitatis eliminet", + "en": "Let it suffice to have perceived only this, that God the author of all natures himself directing them towards the good disposes all things, and while he is swift to retain those things he has made in his own likeness, he removes all evil from within the bounds of his commonwealth by the course of the necessity of fate." + }, + { + "id": 4619, + "la": "Quo fit ut quae in terris abundare creduntur, si disponentem providentiam spectes, nihil usquam mali esse perpendas", + "en": "Thus it happens that if you were to have regard to providences disposing, looking at those things which are thought so widespread on earth, you would judge that there was no evil anywhere in them." + }, + { + "id": 4620, + "la": "Sed video te iam dudum et pondere quaestionis oneratum et rationis prolixitate fatigatum aliquam carminis exspectare dulcedinem", + "en": "But I see that you are long since burdened with the weight of this enquiry and tired by the length of the argument, and are waiting for some sweetness in verse;" + }, + { + "id": 4621, + "la": "Accipe igitur haustum quo refectus firmior in ulteriora contendas", + "en": "therefore take a draught, that you may be refreshed by it and go more firmly further on." + }, + { + "id": 4622, + "la": "Si vis celsi iura tonantis Pura sollers cernere mente, Aspice summi culmina caeli", + "en": "If you would see, with pure discerning mind, The lofty Thunderers laws, Look up to the heights of the topmost heaven;" + }, + { + "id": 4623, + "la": "Illic iusto foedere rerum Veterem servant sidera pacem", + "en": "There the stars keep their ancient peace In the just compact of the universe." + }, + { + "id": 4624, + "la": "Non sol rutilo concitus igne Gelidum Phoebes impedit axem Nec quae summo vertice mundi Flectit rapidos Ursa meatus, Numquam occiduo lota profundo Cetera cernens sidera mergi Cupit oceano tingere flammas", + "en": "The sun with his red fire roused does not detain Phoebes cold chariot, Nor does the Bear, who turns his rapid course About the highest pole of the universe, Ever in western deeps submerged' Although he sees the other stars sink down' Desire to plunge his flames in Oceans waves." + }, + { + "id": 4625, + "la": "Semper vicibus temporis aequis Vesper seras nuntiat umbras Revehitque diem Lucifer almum", + "en": "Always with fair exchange of time Vesper announces late the shades of night And Lucifer brings back the kindly day." + }, + { + "id": 4626, + "la": "Sic aeternos reficit cursus Alternus amor, sic astrigeris Bellum discors exulat oris", + "en": "So mutual love renews eternal mtions, So from those star-strewn regions Discordant war is banished." + }, + { + "id": 4627, + "la": "Haec concordia temperat aequis Elementa modis, ut pugnantia Vicibus cedant umida siccis lungantque fidem frigora flammis, Pendulus ignis surgat in altum Terraeque graves pondere sidant", + "en": "Concord these elements regulates In equal measures, that the warring wet In turn yield place to dry, And cold joins faith with flames. The hanging fire rises on high And heavy earth sinks down beneath its weight." + }, + { + "id": 4628, + "la": "Isdem causis vere tepenti Spirat florifer annus odores, Aestas Cererem fervida siccat, Remeat pomis gravis autumnus, Hiemem defluus inrigat imber", + "en": "These are the causes why in the warmth of spring The year in flower breathes out its lovely scents, Hot summer dries the corn, Autumn heavy with fruits returns, And falling rain waters the winter earth." + }, + { + "id": 4629, + "la": "Haec temperies alit ac profert Quidquid vitam spirat in orbe", + "en": "This due proportion nourishes and brings forth All things that breathe their life on earth," + }, + { + "id": 4630, + "la": "Eadem rapiens condit et aufert Obitu mergens orta supremo", + "en": "And the same order seizing them, bears and hides them away, Burying all that was born in its final end." + }, + { + "id": 4631, + "la": "Sedet interea conditor altus Rerumque regens flectit habenas Rex et dominus fons et origo Lex et sapiens arbiter aequi Et quae motu concitat ire, Sistit retrahens ac vaga firmat", + "en": "While the Creator sits on high, And ruling the universe guides its reins, Their king and lord, fount and beginning, Their law, and judge in wisdom of their right, And those he stirs to motion, drawing back He halts and stays their wanderingsa;" + }, + { + "id": 4632, + "la": "Nam nisi rectos revocans itus Flexos iterum cogat in orbes, Quae nunc stabilis continet ordo Dissaepta suo fonte fatiscant", + "en": "For if he did not call them back to their right paths, Forcing them run their circles once again, All things now stable order holds so fast Would tear apart, and from their origin in pieces fall." + }, + { + "id": 4633, + "la": "Hic est cunctis communis amor Repetuntque boni fine teneri, Quia non aliter durare queant, Nisi converso rursus amore Refluant causae quae dedit esse", + "en": "This is the love common to all things, And they seek to be bound by their end, the good, Since in no other way could they endure, If the causes that gave them being did not flow back Under the power of returning love." + }, + { + "id": 4634, + "la": "Iamne igitur vides quid haec omnia quae diximus consequatur?", + "en": "And now do you see what follows from all these things we have been saying?" + }, + { + "id": 4635, + "la": "Quidnam? inquam Omnem, inquit, bonam prorsus esse fortunam.", + "en": "What? I asked. That every kind of fortune, she replied, is good." + }, + { + "id": 4636, + "la": "Et qui id, inquam, fieri potest? Attende, inquit", + "en": "But how can that be? I asked. Attend to this, she said," + }, + { + "id": 4637, + "la": "Cum omnis fortuna vel iucunda vel aspera tum remunerandi exercendive bonos tum puniendi corrigendive improbos causa deferatur, omnis bona quam vel iustam constat esse vel utilem.", + "en": "Since every kind of fortune, whether pleasing or hard, is granted for the purpose either of rewarding or exercising good men, or of punishing or correcting the bad, every kind is good, since it is agreed to be just or useful." + }, + { + "id": 4638, + "la": "Nimis quidem, inquam, vera ratio etsi quam paulo ante docuisti providentiam fatumve considerem, firmis viribus nixa sententia", + "en": "Now that is indeed very true reasoning, I said, and if I considered providence, about which you taught me just now, or fate, I should see that it was an opinion strongly and firmly founded." + }, + { + "id": 4639, + "la": "Sed eam si placet inter eas quas inopinabiles paulo ante posuisti numeremus.", + "en": "But if you agree, let us count it among those things you just now posited as unthinkable." + }, + { + "id": 4640, + "la": "Qui? inquit Quia id hominum sermo communis usurpat et quidem crebro quorundam malam esse fortunam.", + "en": "How so? she asked. Because the common talk of men usually says, and indeed often, that some men have ill fortune." + }, + { + "id": 4641, + "la": "Visne igitur, inquit, paulisper vulgi sermonibus accedamus, ne nimium velut ab humanitatis usu recessisse videamur?", + "en": "Then do you want us, she asked, to have recourse for a while to terms like those of the common people, in case we seem to have withdrawn too far, as it were, from the practice of men?" + }, + { + "id": 4642, + "la": "Ut placet, inquam Nonne igitur bonum censes esse quod prodest?", + "en": "As you think best, I said. Then do you not judge that which is profitable to be good?" + }, + { + "id": 4643, + "la": "Ita est, inquam Quae vero aut exercet aut corrigit, prodest?", + "en": "That is so, I said. But that which either exercises or corrects is profitable?" + }, + { + "id": 4644, + "la": "Fateor, inquam Bona igitur? Quidni?", + "en": "I agree, I said. And therefore good? How could it not be?" + }, + { + "id": 4645, + "la": "Sed haec eorum est qui vel in virtute positi contra aspera bellum gerunt, vel a vitiis declinantes virtutis iter arripiunt.", + "en": "But this is the case with those who, either being established in virtue wage war against adversity, or turning aside from their vices take the path of virtue." + }, + { + "id": 4646, + "la": "Negare, inquam, nequeo.", + "en": "I cannot deny it, I said." + }, + { + "id": 4647, + "la": "Quid vero iucunda, quae in praemium tribuitur bonis, num vulgus malam esse decernit?", + "en": "Now what about the pleasant fortune which is granted as a reward to the good: do the common people judge that to be bad?" + }, + { + "id": 4648, + "la": "Nequaquam; verum uti est ita quoque esse optimam censet.", + "en": "By no means, but as indeed it is, so also they judge it to be, very good." + }, + { + "id": 4649, + "la": "Quid reliqua, quae cum sit aspera, iusto supplicio malos coercet, num bonam populus putat?", + "en": "What of the other, which although it is hard, constrains the wicked with just punishment; the people do not think that good, do they?" + }, + { + "id": 4650, + "la": "Immo omnium, inquam, quae excogitari possunt, iudicat esse miserrimam.", + "en": "Indeed not, I said, they judge it to be the most wretched of all conceivable things." + }, + { + "id": 4651, + "la": "Vide igitur ne opinionem populi sequentes quiddam valde inopinabile confecerimus.", + "en": "See then whether we have not reached a most surprising conclusion by following the opinion of common folk." + }, + { + "id": 4652, + "la": "Quid? inquam Ex his enim, ait, quae concessa sunt, evenit eorum quidem qui vel sunt vel in possessione vel in provectu vel in adeptione virtutis, omnem quaecumque sit bonam, in improbitate vero manentibus omnem pessimam esse fortunam.", + "en": "What? I asked. Because from those things that have been granted, she said, it has followed that the fortune of those who indeed are either in possession of virtue, or making progress in it, or attaining to it, whatever that fortune may be, is all good, but for those who persevere in wickedness every kind of fortune is very bad." + }, + { + "id": 4653, + "la": "Hoc, inquam, verum est, tametsi nemo audeat confiteri.", + "en": "That, I said, is true, though no-one would dare to admit it." + }, + { + "id": 4654, + "la": "Quare, inquit, ita vir sapiens moleste ferre non debet, quotiens in fortunae certamen adducitur, ut virum fortem non decet indignari, quotiens increpuit bellicus tumultus;", + "en": "And therefore, she said, a wise man ought not to take it ill, every time he is brought into conflict with fortune, just as it would not be fitting for a brave man to be vexed every time the sound of war crashed out." + }, + { + "id": 4655, + "la": "utrique enim, huic quidem gloriae propagandae illi vero conformandae sapientiae, difficultas ipsa materia est", + "en": "Since for each of these the difficulty is itself the occasion, for the latter of increasing his glory, for the former of further fashioning his wisdom." + }, + { + "id": 4656, + "la": "Ex quo etiam virtus vocatur quod suis viribus nitens non superetur adversis", + "en": "And this is indeed why virtue is so called, because relying on its own powers it is not overcome by adversity.a" + }, + { + "id": 4657, + "la": "Neque enim vos in provectu positi virtutis diffluere deliciis et emarcescere voluptate venistis", + "en": "For neither have you, who are set on the road to virtue, come here to wallow in luxury or swoon with pleasure." + }, + { + "id": 4658, + "la": "Proelium cum omni fortuna animis acre conseritis, ne vos aut tristis opprimat aut iucunda corrumpat", + "en": "You are engaged in bitter mental strife with every kind of fortune, lest ill fortune oppress you or pleasant fortune corrupt." + }, + { + "id": 4659, + "la": "Firmis medium viribus occupate!", + "en": "Hold to the mean with firm strength;" + }, + { + "id": 4660, + "la": "Quidquid aut infra subsistit aut ultra progreditur, habet contemptum felicitatis, non habet praemium laboris", + "en": "whatever either remains below the mean or passes beyond it has contempt for good fortune, but not the reward for labour." + }, + { + "id": 4661, + "la": "In vestra enim situm manu qualem vobis fortunam formare malitis;", + "en": "For it is placed in your own hands, what kind of fortune you prefer to shape for yourselves;" + }, + { + "id": 4662, + "la": "omnis enim quae videtur aspera nisi aut exercet aut corrigit punit", + "en": "for all fortune that seems adverse, if it does not exercise or correct, punishes." + }, + { + "id": 4663, + "la": "Bella bis quinis operatus annis Ultor Atrides Phrygiae ruinis Fratris amissos thalamos piavit;", + "en": "Having warred a decade The vengeful son of Atreusa with Phrygias fall Avenged his brothers violated bed." + }, + { + "id": 4664, + "la": "Ille dum Graiae dare vela classi Optat et ventos redimit cruore, Exuit patrem miserumque tristis Foederat natae iugulum sacerdos", + "en": "He when he wants the fleet of Greece to sail And buys a wind with blood, Puts off the father and sternly as a priest Makes a pact of his daughters throat'poor girl." + }, + { + "id": 4665, + "la": "Flevit amissos Ithacus sodales Quos ferus vasto recubans in antro Mersit inmani Polyphemus alvo;", + "en": "Odysseus of Ithaca wept for his comrades lost, Whom savage Polyphemus, lying in his vast cave, Engulfed in his monstrous belly;" + }, + { + "id": 4666, + "la": "Sed tamen caeco furibundus ore Gaudium maestis lacrimis rependit", + "en": "But when the Cyclops raged with his one eye blinded Then were his bitter tears with joy requited." + }, + { + "id": 4667, + "la": "Herculem duri celebrant labores", + "en": "Harsh labours make the fame of Hercules:" + }, + { + "id": 4668, + "la": "Ille Centauros domuit superbos, Abstulit saevo spolium leoni Fixit et certis volucres sagittis, Poma cernenti rapuit draconi Aureo laevam gravior metallo, Cerberum traxit triplici catena", + "en": "He tamed the arrogant Centaurs, Stole the spoil from the savage lion, Pierced the Stymphalian birds with arrows sure; He seized the fruits from the watching dragon, His hand the heavier for the golden ball, And with triple chain led Cerberus." + }, + { + "id": 4669, + "la": "Victor immitem posuisse fertur Pabulum saevis dominum quadrigis", + "en": "The tale is told how he beat and gave as fodder That cruel master to his own savage steeds." + }, + { + "id": 4670, + "la": "Hydra combusto periit veneno, Fronte turpatus Achelous amnis Ora demersit pudibunda ripis", + "en": "Its poison burnt, the Hydra died; The river Achelous, in shame for his hornless brow, Disgraced, did bury in his banks his face." + }, + { + "id": 4671, + "la": "Stravit Antaeum Libycis harenis, Cacus Evandri satiavit iras Quosque pressurus foret altus orbis Saetiger spumis umeros notavit", + "en": "Hercules stretched Antaeus length on Libyan sands, And Cacus dead sated Evanders wrath. Those shoulders which the high sphere of heaven was to press The bristled boar did fleck with foam." + }, + { + "id": 4672, + "la": "Ultimus caelum labor inreflexo Sustulit collo pretiumque rursus Ultimi caelum meruit laboris", + "en": "As his last labour he with unbended neck Bore up the heavens, and as his reward For that last labour, heaven deserved." + }, + { + "id": 4673, + "la": "Ite nunc fortes ubi celsa magni Ducit exempli via!", + "en": "Go then, you brave, where leads the lofty path Of this great example." + }, + { + "id": 4674, + "la": "Cur inertes Terga nudatis? Superata tellus Sidera donat.", + "en": "Why in indolence Do you turn your backs in flight? Earth overcome Grants you the stars." + }, + { + "id": 4675, + "la": "Dixerat orationisque cursum ad alia quaedam tractanda atque expedienda vertebat", + "en": "She finished speaking, and was going to turn the course of her speech to deal with and explain some other questions;" + }, + { + "id": 4676, + "la": "Tum ego: Recta quidem, inquam, exhortatio tuaque prorsus auctoritate dignissima, sed quod tu dudum de providentia quaestionem pluribus aliis implicitam esse dixisti, re experior", + "en": "then I said: Your exhortation is right indeed and very worthy of your authority, but what you said just now about providence, that it was a question involving many others, I know from experience." + }, + { + "id": 4677, + "la": "Quaero enim an esse aliquid omnino et quidnam esse casum arbitrere.", + "en": "For I want to know whether you think chance is anything at all, and if so, what?" + }, + { + "id": 4678, + "la": "Tum illa: Festino, inquit, debitum promissionis absolvere viamque tibi qua patriam reveharis aperire", + "en": "I am hastening, she replied, to make good my promise and open the way to you by which you may be brought back to your homeland." + }, + { + "id": 4679, + "la": "Haec autem etsi perutilia cognitu tamen a propositi nostri tramite paulisper aversa sunt, verendumque est ne deviis fatigatus ad emetiendum rectum iter sufficere non possis.", + "en": "But these things, though they are very useful to know, are yet a little aside from the path we have set ourselves, and it is to be feared you may not be able to last out to the end of the direct road if you are tired by going down by-paths." + }, + { + "id": 4680, + "la": "Ne id, inquam, prorsus vereare", + "en": "There is really no need, I said, for you to be afraid of that." + }, + { + "id": 4681, + "la": "Nam quietus mihi loco fuerit ea quibus maxime delector agnoscere, simul cum omne disputationis tuae latus indubitata fide constiterit, nihil de sequentibus ambigatur.", + "en": "For I shall find it a resting-place, to understand these things, which I most delight in. At the same time, since every side of your argument would be set up in undoubted credibility, nothing that follows from it would be doubted." + }, + { + "id": 4682, + "la": "Tum illa: Morem, inquit, geram tibi, simulque sic orsa est: Si quidem, inquit, aliquis eventum temerario motu nullaque causarum conexione productum casum esse definiat, nihil omnino casum esse confirmo et praeter subiectae rei significationem inanem prorsus vocem esse decerno", + "en": "I will grant your wish, she said then; and at once began thus: If indeed someone were to define chance as an event produced by random motion and not by any chain of causes, then I assert that chance is nothing at all, and I judge that apart from signifying the subject-event it refers to, it is a sound entirely empty of meaning." + }, + { + "id": 4683, + "la": "Quis enim coercente in ordinem cuncta deo locus esse ullus temeritati reliquus potest?", + "en": "For what place can be left for randomness where God constrains all things into his order?" + }, + { + "id": 4684, + "la": "Nam nihil ex nihilo exsistere vera sententia est cui nemo umquam veterum refragatus est, quamquam id illi non de operante principio, sed de materiali subiecto hoc omnium de natura rationum quasi quoddam iecerint fundamentum", + "en": "For that nothing comes from nothing is a true opinion, which none of the ancients ever contested, but they laid it as it were as a foundation of all arguments about nature, though they applied it not to the creative principle but to the material subject to it." + }, + { + "id": 4685, + "la": "At si nullis ex causis aliquid oriatur, id de nihilo ortum esse videbitur", + "en": "But if something were to arise from no causes, that will seem to have arisen from nothing;" + }, + { + "id": 4686, + "la": "Quod si hoc fieri nequit, ne casum quidem huiusmodi esse possibile est qualem paulo ante definivimus.", + "en": "and if this cannot be, then even chance cannot even possibly exist, of such a kind as we have just now defined." + }, + { + "id": 4687, + "la": "Quid igitur, inquam, nihilne est quod vel casus vel fortuitum iure appellari queat? An est aliquid, tametsi vulgus lateat, cui vocabula ista conveniant?", + "en": "Why then, I said, is there nothing which can rightly be called chance or fortuitousness? Or is there something, although it is hidden from common men, to which these names belong?" + }, + { + "id": 4688, + "la": "Aristoteles meus id, inquit, in Physicis et brevi et veri propinqua ratione definivit.", + "en": "My Aristotle, she said, defined it in his Physicsa in an argument brief and close to the truth." + }, + { + "id": 4689, + "la": "Quonam, inquam modo?", + "en": "How? I asked." + }, + { + "id": 4690, + "la": "Quotiens, ait, aliquid cuiuspiam rei gratia geritur aliudque quibusdam de causis quam quod intendebatur obtingit, casus vocatur, ut si quis colendi agri causa fodiens humum defossi auri pondus inveniat", + "en": "Whenever, she said, something is done for the sake of some given end, and another thing occurs, for some reason or other, different from what was intended, it is called chance: as, for example, if a man digging in the ground in order to till his field were to find he had dug up a quantity of gold." + }, + { + "id": 4691, + "la": "Hoc igitur fortuito quidem creditur accidisse, verum non de nihilo est;", + "en": "Now this is indeed believed to have happened by chance, but it does not come from nothing;" + }, + { + "id": 4692, + "la": "nam proprias causas habet quarum inprovisus inopinatusque concursus casum videtur operatus", + "en": "for it has its proper causes, and their unforeseen and unexpected coming together appears to have produced a chance event." + }, + { + "id": 4693, + "la": "Nam nisi cultor agri humum foderet, nisi eo loci pecuniam suam depositor obruisset, aurum non esset inventum", + "en": "For if the man tilling his field were not digging the ground, and if the man who put it there had not hidden his money in that particular spot, the gold would not have been found." + }, + { + "id": 4694, + "la": "Haec sunt igitur fortuiti causa compendii, quod ex obviis sibi et confluentibus causis, non ex gerentis intentione provenit", + "en": "These are therefore the causes of that fortuitous profit, which is produced by causes meeting one another and coming together, not by the intention of the doer of the action." + }, + { + "id": 4695, + "la": "Neque enim vel qui aurum obruit vel qui agrum exercuit ut ea pecunia reperiretur intendit;", + "en": "For neither he who hid the gold, nor he who worked the field, intended that money to be found," + }, + { + "id": 4696, + "la": "sed uti dixi, quo ille obruit hunc fodisse convenit atque concurrit", + "en": "but as I said, where the one buried it the other happens and chances to have dug." + }, + { + "id": 4697, + "la": "Licet igitur definire casum esse inopinatum ex confluentibus causis in his quae ob aliquid geruntur eventum;", + "en": "We may therefore define chance as the unexpected event of concurring causes among things done for some purpose." + }, + { + "id": 4698, + "la": "concurrere vero atque confluere causas facit ordo ille inevitabili conexione procedens, qui de providentiae fonte descendens cuncta suis locis temporibusque disponit", + "en": "Now causes are made to concur and flow together by that order which, proceeding with inevitable connexion, and coming down from its source in providence, disposes all things in their proper places and times." + }, + { + "id": 4699, + "la": "Rupis Achaemeniae scopulis ubi versa sequentum Pectoribus figit spicula pugna fugax, Tigris et Euphrates uno se fonte resolvunt Et mox abiunctis dissociantur aquis", + "en": "Among the crags of the Achaemenian cliffs, where turned in flighta The fighting Parthians arrows pierce his pursuers breast, The Tigris and Euphrates rise from one spring, Next they separate and their waters divide;" + }, + { + "id": 4700, + "la": "Si coeant cursumque iterum revocentur in unum, Confluat alterni quod trahit unda vadi;", + "en": "If they should come together, into one course brought back again, If all that the water of each stream bears should flow into one," + }, + { + "id": 4701, + "la": "Convenient puppes et vulsi flumine trunci Mixtaque fortuitos implicet unda modos, Quos tamen ipsa vagos terrae declivia casus Gurgitis et lapsi defluus ordo regit", + "en": "Their ships would meet, as will treetrunks torn up by the river, And their mingled waters in chance paths will twist and turn. Yet these chance wanderings the very slopes of the land And the downflowing nature of the slipping stream control." + }, + { + "id": 4702, + "la": "Sic quae permissis fluitare videtur habenis Fors patitur frenos ipsaque lege meat.", + "en": "So too that chance which seems slack-reined to roam Endures its own bridle, and itself moves by law." + }, + { + "id": 4703, + "la": "Animadverto, inquam, idque, uti tu dicis, ita esse consentio", + "en": "I see that, I said, and I agree it is as you say." + }, + { + "id": 4704, + "la": "Sed in hac haerentium sibi serie causarum estne ulla nostri arbitrii libertas an ipsos quoque humanorum motus animorum fatalis catena constringit?", + "en": "But in this close-linked series of causes, is there any freedom of our will, or does this chain of fate also bind even the motions of mens minds?" + }, + { + "id": 4705, + "la": "Est, inquit, neque enim fuerit ulla rationalis natura quin eidem libertas adsit arbitrii", + "en": "Freedom there is, she said, for there could not be any rational nature, did not that same nature possess freedom of the will." + }, + { + "id": 4706, + "la": "Nam quod ratione uti naturaliter potest id habet iudicium quo quidque discernat;", + "en": "For that which can by its nature use reason, has the faculty of judgement, by which it determines everything;" + }, + { + "id": 4707, + "la": "per se igitur fugienda optandave dinoscit", + "en": "of itself, therefore, it distinguishes those things which are to be avoided, and those things that are to be desired." + }, + { + "id": 4708, + "la": "Quod vero quis optandum esse iudicat petit;", + "en": "Now what a man judges is to be desired, that he seeks;" + }, + { + "id": 4709, + "la": "refugit vero quod aestimat esse fugiendum", + "en": "but he runs away from what he thinks is to be avoided." + }, + { + "id": 4710, + "la": "Quare quibus in ipsis inest ratio, inest etiam volendi nolendique libertas", + "en": "And therefore those who have in themselves reason have also in them freedom to will or not to will," + }, + { + "id": 4711, + "la": "Sed hanc non in omnibus aequam esse constituo", + "en": "but this freedom is not, I am sure, equal in all of them." + }, + { + "id": 4712, + "la": "Nam supernis divinisque substantiis et perspicax iudicium et incorrupta voluntas et efficax optatorum praesto est potestas", + "en": "For heavenly, divine substances possess penetrating judgement, an uncorrupted will, and the ability to achieve what they desire." + }, + { + "id": 4713, + "la": "Humanas vero animas liberiores quidem esse necesse est cum se in mentis divinae speculatione conservant, minus vero cum dilabuntur ad corpora, minusque etiam, cum terrenis artubus colligantur", + "en": "But human souls must indeed be more free when they preserve themselves in the contemplation of the divine mind; less free, however, when they slip down to the corporeal, and still less free when they are bound into earthly limbs." + }, + { + "id": 4714, + "la": "Extrema vero est servitus, cum vitiis deditae rationis propriae possessione ceciderunt", + "en": "But their ultimate servitude is when, given over to vice, they have lapsed from the possession of the reason proper to them." + }, + { + "id": 4715, + "la": "Nam ubi oculos a summae luce veritatis ad inferiora et tenebrosa deiecerint, mox inscitiae nube caligant, perniciosis turbantur affectibus quibus accedendo consentiendoque quam invexere sibi adiuvant servitutem et sunt quodam modo propria libertate captivae", + "en": "For when from the light of the highest truth they have lowered their eyes to inferior, darkling things, at once they are befogged by the cloud of unknowing, they are disturbed by destructive affections, by giving in and by consenting to which they strengthen that servitude which they have brought upon themselves, and are in a way made captive by their freedom." + }, + { + "id": 4716, + "la": "Quae tamen ille ab aeterno cuncta prospiciens providentiae cernit intuitus et suis quaeque meritis praedestinata disponit", + "en": "Yet that regard of providence which looks forth on all things from eternity, sees this and disposes all that is predestined to each according to his deserts." + }, + { + "id": 4717, + "la": "Puro clarum lumine Phoebum Melliflui canit oris Homerus;", + "en": "That Phoebus shining with pure light Sees all and all things hears, So Homer sings, he of the honeyed voicea;" + }, + { + "id": 4718, + "la": "Qui tamen intima viscera terrae Non valet aut pelagi radiorum Infirma perrumpere luce", + "en": "Yet even he, with the light of his rays, too weak, Cannot burst through To the inmost depths of earth or ocean." + }, + { + "id": 4719, + "la": "Haud sic magni conditor orbis;", + "en": "Not thus the Maker of this great universe:" + }, + { + "id": 4720, + "la": "Huic ex alto cuncta tuenti Nulla terrae mole resistunt, Non nox atris nubibus obstat", + "en": "Him, viewing all things from his height, No mass of earth obstructs, No night with black clouds thwarts." + }, + { + "id": 4721, + "la": "Quae sint, quae fuerint veniantque Uno mentis cernit in ictu;", + "en": "What is, what has been, and what is to come, In one swift mental stab he sees;" + }, + { + "id": 4722, + "la": "Quem, quia respicit omnia solus, Verum possis dicere solem.", + "en": "Him, since he only all things sees, The true sun could you call." + }, + { + "id": 4723, + "la": "Tum ego: En, inquam, difficiliore rursus ambiguitate confundor.", + "en": "Then I said: See, I am again confused, with a still more difficult doubt." + }, + { + "id": 4724, + "la": "Quaenam, inquit, ista est? Iam enim quibus perturbere coniecto.", + "en": "What is that? she asked. Tell me, for I already guess what troubles you." + }, + { + "id": 4725, + "la": "Nimium, inquam, adversari ac repugnare videtur praenoscere universa deum et esse ullum libertatis arbitrium", + "en": "It seems, I said, much too conflicting and contradictory that God foreknows all things and that there is any free will." + }, + { + "id": 4726, + "la": "Nam si cuncta prospicit deus neque falli ullo modo potest, evenire necesse est quod providentia futurum esse praeviderit", + "en": "For if God foresees all and cannot in any way be mistaken, then that must necessarily happen which in his providence he foresees will be." + }, + { + "id": 4727, + "la": "Quare si ab aeterno non facta hominum modo sed etiam consilia voluntatesque praenoscit, nulla erit arbitrii libertas;", + "en": "And therefore if he foreknows from all eternity not only the deeds of men but even their plans and desires, there will be no free will;" + }, + { + "id": 4728, + "la": "neque enim vel factum aliud ullum vel quaelibet exsistere poterit voluntas nisi quam nescia falli providentia divina praesenserit", + "en": "for it will be impossible for there to be any deed at all or any desire whatever except that which divine providence, which cannot be mistaken, perceives beforehand." + }, + { + "id": 4729, + "la": "Nam si aliorsum quam provisae sunt detorqueri valent, non iam erit futuri firma praescientia, sed opinio potius incerta, quod de deo credere nefas iudico", + "en": "For if they can be turned aside into a different way from that foreseen, then there will no longer be firm foreknowledge of the future, but rather uncertain opinion, which I judge impious to believe of God." + }, + { + "id": 4730, + "la": "Neque enim illam probo rationem qua se quidam credunt hunc quaestionis nodum posse dissolvere", + "en": "For neither do I agree with that argument according to which some believe that they can solve this knotty question." + }, + { + "id": 4731, + "la": "Aiunt enim non ideo quid esse eventurum, quoniam id providentia futurum esse prospexerit, sed e contrario potius, quoniam quid futurum est, id divinam providentiam latere non posse eoque modo necessarium hoc in contrariam relabi partem, neque enim necesse esse contingere quae providentur, sed necesse esse quae futura sunt provideri'", + "en": "For they say that a thing is not going to happen because providence has foreseen that it will be, but rather to the contrary, that since something is going to be, it cannot be hidden from divine providence, and in this way the necessity slips over to the opposite side. For, they say, it is not necessary that those things happen which are foreseen, but it is necessary that those things that will happen are foreseen;" + }, + { + "id": 4732, + "la": "quasi vero quae cuius rei causa sit praescientiane futurorum necessitatis an futurorum necessitas providentiae laboretur, ac non illud demonstrare nitamur, quoquo modo sese habeat ordo causarum, necessarium esse eventum praescitarum rerum, etiam si praescientia futuris rebus eveniendi necessitatem non videatur inferre", + "en": "as if indeed our work were to discover which is the cause of which, foreknowledge of future things necessity, or future things necessity of providence, and as if we were not striving to show this, that whatever the state of the ordering of causes, the outcome of things foreknown is necessary, even if that foreknowledge were not to seem to confer on future things the necessity of occurring." + }, + { + "id": 4733, + "la": "Etenim si quispiam sedeat, opinionem quae eum sedere coniectat veram esse necesse est;", + "en": "For indeed, if anyone sit, then the opinion that thinks that he sits must be true;" + }, + { + "id": 4734, + "la": "atque e converso rursus, si de quopiam vera sit opinio quoniam sedet, eum sedere necesse est", + "en": "and conversely also, if the opinion about any man be true, that he sits, then he must be sitting." + }, + { + "id": 4735, + "la": "In utroque igitur necessitas inest, in hoc quidem sedendi, at vero in altero veritatis", + "en": "There is thus a necessity in both cases: in the latter, he must be sitting, but in the former, the opinion must be true." + }, + { + "id": 4736, + "la": "Sed non idcirco quisque sedet quoniam vera est opinio, sed haec potius vera est quoniam quempiam sedere praecessit", + "en": "But a man does not sit because the opinion about him is true, but rather that opinion is true because that someone is sitting happened first." + }, + { + "id": 4737, + "la": "Ita cum causa veritatis ex altera parte procedat, inest tamen communis in utraque necessitas", + "en": "So that although the cause of truth proceeds from the one part, yet there is in both a common necessity." + }, + { + "id": 4738, + "la": "Similia de providentia futurisque rebus ratiocinari patet", + "en": "Obviously the same reasoning holds with regard to providence and future events:" + }, + { + "id": 4739, + "la": "Nam etiam si idcirco quoniam futura sunt, providentur, non vero ideo quoniam providentur eveniunt, nihilo minus tamen ab deo vel ventura provideri vel provisa necesse est evenire, quod ad perimendam arbitrii libertatem solum satis est", + "en": "for even if the reason they are foreseen is that they are future events, yet they do not happen simply because they are foreseen; and yet nevertheless things either must be foreseen by God because they are coming or happen because they are foreseen,a and that alone is enough to destroy the freedom of the will." + }, + { + "id": 4740, + "la": "Iam vero quam praeposterum est ut aeternae praescientiae temporalium rerum eventus causa esse dicatur!", + "en": "But now how upside-down it is that it should be said that the cause of eternal foreknowledge is the occurrence of temporal things!" + }, + { + "id": 4741, + "la": "Quid est autem aliud arbitrari ideo deum futura quoniam sunt eventura providere, quam putare quae olim acciderunt causam summae illius esse providentiae?", + "en": "But what else is it, to think that God foresees future things because they are going to happen, than to think that those things, once they have happened, are the cause of his highest providence?" + }, + { + "id": 4742, + "la": "Ad haec sicuti cum quid esse scio, id ipsum esse necesse est, ita cum quid futurum novi, id ipsum futurum esse necesse est know something will be, then that necessarily will be so;", + "en": "Furthermore, just as when I know that something is, then that necessarily is so, so when I" + }, + { + "id": 4743, + "la": "Sic fit igitur ut eventus praescitae rei nequeat evitari", + "en": "and so it happens that the occurrence of a thing foreknown cannot be avoided." + }, + { + "id": 4744, + "la": "Postremo si quid aliquis aliorsum atque sese res habet existimet, id non modo scientia non est, sed est opinio fallax ab scientiae veritate longe diversa", + "en": "Lastly, if a man think a thing to be otherwise than it is, that is not only not knowledge, but it is a mistaken opinion very different indeed from the truth of knowledge." + }, + { + "id": 4745, + "la": "Quare si quid ita futurum est ut eius certus ac necessarius non sit eventus, id eventurum esse praesciri qui poterit?", + "en": "And therefore if something is future in such a way that its occurrence is not certain or necessary, how will it be possible for it to be foreknown that it will occur?" + }, + { + "id": 4746, + "la": "Sicut enim scientia ipsa impermixta est falsitati, ita id quod ab ea concipitur esse aliter atque concipitur nequit", + "en": "For just as real knowledge is unmixed with falsity, so that which is grasped by knowledge cannot be otherwise than as it is grasped." + }, + { + "id": 4747, + "la": "Ea namque causa est cur mendacio scientia careat, quod se ita rem quamque habere necesse est uti eam sese habere scientia comprehendit", + "en": "For the real reason why knowledge lacks any falsehood is that every single thing must necessarily be just as knowledge comprehends it to be." + }, + { + "id": 4748, + "la": "Quid igitur?", + "en": "Well then," + }, + { + "id": 4749, + "la": "Quonam modo deus haec incerta futura praenoscit?", + "en": "how does God foreknow that these uncertain things shall be?" + }, + { + "id": 4750, + "la": "Nam si inevitabiliter eventura censet quae etiam non evenire possibile est, fallitur;", + "en": "For if he thinks those things will inevitably occur which it is yet possible may not occur, he is mistaken," + }, + { + "id": 4751, + "la": "quod non sentire modo nefas est, sed etiam voce proferre", + "en": "which it is not only impious to think but still more impious to say aloud." + }, + { + "id": 4752, + "la": "At si ita uti sunt, ita ea futura esse decernit, ut aeque vel fieri ea vel non fieri posse cognoscat, quae est haec praescientia quae nihil certum nihil stabile comprehendit?", + "en": "But if he sees that those future things are just as indeed they are, so that he knows that they can equally either happen or not happen, what sort of foreknowledge is this, that grasps nothing certain, nothing stable?" + }, + { + "id": 4753, + "la": "Aut quid hoc refert vaticinio illo ridiculo Tiresiae?", + "en": "Or how does it compare with that ridiculous prophecy of Tiresias?'" + }, + { + "id": 4754, + "la": "Quidquid dicam, aut erit aut non", + "en": "Whatever I say will either happen or not?a" + }, + { + "id": 4755, + "la": "Quid etiam divina providentia humana opinione praestiterit, si uti homines incerta iudicat quorum est incertus eventus?", + "en": "And in what will divine providence be better than the opinions of men, if it judges in the way men do those things to be uncertain the occurrence of which is uncertain?" + }, + { + "id": 4756, + "la": "Quod si apud illum rerum omnium certissimum fontem nihil incerti esse potest, certus eorum est eventus quae futura firmiter ille praescierit", + "en": "But if in him, the most certain fount of all things, there can be nothing uncertain, then the occurrence is certain of those things which he firmly foreknows will be." + }, + { + "id": 4757, + "la": "Quare nulla est humanis consiliis actionibusque libertas quas divina mens sine falsitatis errore cuncta prospiciens ad unum alligat et constringit eventum", + "en": "And therefore there is no freedom in human intentions or actions, which the divine mind, foreseeing all without mistaken error, binds and constrains to one actual occurrence." + }, + { + "id": 4758, + "la": "Quo semel recepto quantus occasus humanarum rerum consequatur liquet", + "en": "This once accepted, it is clear what a great collapse of human affairs follows!" + }, + { + "id": 4759, + "la": "Frustra enim bonis malisque praemia poenaeve proponuntur quae nullus meruit liber ac voluntarius motus animorum", + "en": "For it is vain to propose for good and evil men rewards or punishments which no free and voluntary act of their minds has deserved." + }, + { + "id": 4760, + "la": "Idque omnium videbitur iniquissimum quod nunc aequissimum iudicatur vel puniri improbos vel remunerari probos quos ad alterutrum non propria mittit voluntas, sed futuri cogit certa necessitas", + "en": "And that very thing will seem most unjust of all which now is judged most just, that either the wicked are punished or the good rewarded, since they have not been brought by their own wills but driven by the certain necessity of what shall be to one or other end." + }, + { + "id": 4761, + "la": "Nec vitia igitur nec virtutes quidquam fuerint, sed omnium meritorum potius mixta atque indiscreta confusio", + "en": "And therefore there would be no vices nor virtues, but rather a mixed-up and indistinguishable confusion of all deserts, and'" + }, + { + "id": 4762, + "la": "Quoque nihil sceleratius excogitari potest, cum ex providentia rerum omnis ordo ducatur nihilque consiliis liceat humanis, fit ut vitia quoque nostra ad bonorum omnium referantur auctorem", + "en": "than which nothing more wicked can be conceived! 'since the whole ordering of things proceeds from providence and nothing is really possible to human intentions, it follows that even our vices are to be referred to the author of all things good." + }, + { + "id": 4763, + "la": "Igitur nec sperandi aliquid nec deprecandi ulla ratio est", + "en": "And therefore there is no sense in hoping for anything or in praying that anything may be averteda;" + }, + { + "id": 4764, + "la": "Quid enim vel speret quisque vel etiam deprecetur, quando optanda omnia series indeflexa conectit?", + "en": "for what even should any man hope for or pray to be averted when an inflexible course links all that can be desired?" + }, + { + "id": 4765, + "la": "Auferetur igitur unicum illud inter homines deumque commercium sperandi scilicet ac deprecandi", + "en": "And so that sole intercourse between men and God will be removed, that is, hope and prayer for aversion" + }, + { + "id": 4766, + "la": "Si quidem iustae humilitatis pretio inaestimabilem vicem divinae gratiae promeremur, qui solus modus est quo cum deo colloqui homines posse videantur illique inaccessae luci prius quoque quam impetrent ipsa supplicandi ratione coniungi", + "en": "(if indeed at the price of a proper humility we deserve the inestimable return of Gods grace), and that is the only way in which men seem able to converse with God and to be joined by the very manner of their supplication to that inaccessible light, even before they receive what they seek." + }, + { + "id": 4767, + "la": "Quae si recepta futurorum necessitate nihil virium habere credantur, quid erit quo summo illi rerum principi conecti atque adhaerere possimus?", + "en": "Now if these things, once the necessity of what shall be is admitted, be thought to have no power, how should we be able to be joined and cleave to him, the highest principle of all things?" + }, + { + "id": 4768, + "la": "Quare necesse erit humanum genus, uti paulo ante cantabas, dissaeptum atque disiunctum suo fonte fatiscere", + "en": "So it will necessarily follow, as you sang a little while ago,a that human kind would, torn apart and disjoined, in pieces fall from their origin." + }, + { + "id": 4769, + "la": "Quaenam discors foedera rerum Causa resolvit?", + "en": "What cause discordant breaks the worlds compact?" + }, + { + "id": 4770, + "la": "Quis tanta deus Veris statuit bella duobus, Ut quae carptim singula constent Eadem nolint mixta iugari?", + "en": "What god sets strife so great Between two truths, That those same things which stand, alone and separate, Together mixed, refuse to be so yoked?" + }, + { + "id": 4771, + "la": "An nulla est discordia veris Semperque sibi certa cohaerent, Sed mens caecis obruta membris Nequit oppressi luminis igne Rerum tenues noscere nexus?", + "en": "Or is there no such discord between truths, And do they ever each to other firmly cleave, But is it the mind, eclipsed by the bodys unseeing parts, That cannot recognize, by its suppressed lights fire, The worlds fine fastenings?" + }, + { + "id": 4772, + "la": "Sed cur tanto flagrat amore Veri tectas reperire notas?", + "en": "But why does it blaze with so great love To find the hidden characters of truth?" + }, + { + "id": 4773, + "la": "Scitne quod appetit anxia nosse?", + "en": "Does it know what it anxiously seeks to know?" + }, + { + "id": 4774, + "la": "Sed quis nota scire laborat?", + "en": "But who is there labours to know known things?" + }, + { + "id": 4775, + "la": "At si nescit, quid caeca petit?", + "en": "Yet if it does not know, why then in blindness seek?" + }, + { + "id": 4776, + "la": "Quis enim quidquam nescius optet Aut quis valeat nescita sequi?", + "en": "For who would long for anything he knows not of, Or who could follow after things unknown, Or how discover them?" + }, + { + "id": 4777, + "la": "Quove inveniat, quisque repertam Queat ignarus noscere formam?", + "en": "Who could in ignorance recognize The form of what he found?" + }, + { + "id": 4778, + "la": "An cum mentem cerneret altam, Pariter summam et singula norat?", + "en": "Or, when it perceived the highest mind, Did it know at once the whole and the separate parts?" + }, + { + "id": 4779, + "la": "Nunc membrorum condita nube Non in totum est oblita sui Summamque tenet singula perdens", + "en": "Now, clouded and hidden by the bodys parts, It is not totally forgetful of itself, And the whole it keeps, losing the separate parts." + }, + { + "id": 4780, + "la": "Igitur quisquis vera requirit, Neutro est habitu;", + "en": "Therefore whoever seeks the truth Is of neither class:" + }, + { + "id": 4781, + "la": "nam neque novit Nec penitus tamen omnia nescit, Sed quam retinens meminit summam Consulit alte visa retractans, Ut servatis queat oblitas Addere partes.", + "en": "for he neither knows Nor is altogether ignorant of all, But the whole he keeps, remembers and reflects on, All from that height perceived goes over once again, That he might to those things he has preserved Add the forgotten parts." + }, + { + "id": 4782, + "la": "Tum illa: Vetus, inquit, haec est de providentia querela Marcoque Tullio, cum divinationem distribuit, vehementer agitata tibique ipsi res diu prorsus multumque quaesita, sed haud quaquam ab ullo vestrum hactenus satis diligenter ac firmiter expedita", + "en": "Then she said: That is the old complaint about providence, one powerfully dealt with by Cicero when he was classifying kinds of divination,a and a matter for a very long time and deeply investigated by yourself; but it has so far been by no means sufficiently carefully or steadfastly developed by any of you." + }, + { + "id": 4783, + "la": "Cuius caliginis causa est, quod humanae ratiocinationis motus ad divinae praescientae simplicitatem non potest admoveri, quae si ullo modo cogitari queat, nihil prorsus relinquetur ambigui", + "en": "The cause of this obscurity is that the movement of human reasoning cannot approach the simplicity of divine foreknowledge; if that could by any means be conceived, no doubt whatever will remain." + }, + { + "id": 4784, + "la": "Quod ita demum patefacere atque expedire temptabo, si prius ea quibus moveris expendero", + "en": "And I shall try to make clear and explain this only when I have first considered those things by which you are now troubled." + }, + { + "id": 4785, + "la": "Quaero enim, cur illam solventium rationem minus efficacem putes, quae quia praescientiam non esse futuris rebus causam necessitatis existimat, nihil impediri praescientia arbitrii libertatem putat", + "en": "For I ask, why do you think that explanation of those solving the problem less than effectual which, since it considers that foreknowledge is not the cause of any necessity for future events, thinks the freedom of the will not at all restricted by foreknowledge?" + }, + { + "id": 4786, + "la": "Num enim tu aliunde argumentum futurorum necessitatis trahis, nisi quod ea quae praesciuntur non evenire non possunt?", + "en": "For you, surely, do not produce proof of the necessity of future things other than from the fact that those things that are foreknown cannot not happen?" + }, + { + "id": 4787, + "la": "Si igitur praenotio nullam futuris rebus adicit necessitatem, quod tu etiam paulo ante fatebare, quid est quod voluntarii exitus rerum ad certum cogantur eventum?", + "en": "Then if foreknowledge imposes no necessity on future things, which you did indeed admit a little while ago, what is the reason why the outcome of those things dependent on the will should be forced to end in a certain result?" + }, + { + "id": 4788, + "la": "Etenim positionis gratia, ut quid consequatur advertas, statuamus nullam esse praescientiam", + "en": "Now for the sake of argument, that you may see what follows, let us suppose that there is no foreknowledge." + }, + { + "id": 4789, + "la": "Num igitur quantum ad hoc attinet, quae ex arbitrio eveniunt ad necessitatem cogantur?", + "en": "In such a case, those things that depend upon the will would not be forced into any necessity, would they?" + }, + { + "id": 4790, + "la": "Minime. Statuamus iterum esse, sed nihil rebus necessitatis iniungere;", + "en": "Not at all. Again, let us suppose that there is foreknowledge, but that it enjoins no necessity on things;" + }, + { + "id": 4791, + "la": "manebit ut opinor eadem voluntatis integra atque absoluta libertas", + "en": "there will remain, I think, that same freedom of the will, whole and absolute." + }, + { + "id": 4792, + "la": "Sed praescientia, inquies, tametsi futuris eveniendi necessitas non est, signum tamen est necessario ea esse ventura", + "en": "But foreknowledge, you will say, although it does not constitute a necessity for future things, of their happening, yet it is a sign that they will necessarily come to be." + }, + { + "id": 4793, + "la": "Hoc igitur modo, etiam si praecognitio non fuisset, necessarios futurorum exitus esse constaret", + "en": "In this way, then, even had there been no foreknowledge, it would be agreed that the outcome of future things is necessary;" + }, + { + "id": 4794, + "la": "Omne etenim signum tantum quid sit ostendit, non vero efficit quod designat", + "en": "for every sign only points to what is, but does not cause to be what it signifies." + }, + { + "id": 4795, + "la": "Quare demonstrandum prius est nihil non ex necessitate contingere, ut praenotionem signum esse huius necessitatis appareat", + "en": "Wherefore it must first be demonstrated that nothing happens except of necessity, that foreknowledge may be seen to be the sign of that necessity;" + }, + { + "id": 4796, + "la": "Alioquin si haec nulla est, ne illa quidem eius rei signum poterit esse quae non est", + "en": "otherwise, if there is no necessity, nor then will foreknowledge be able to be a sign for that which does not exist." + }, + { + "id": 4797, + "la": "Iam vero probationem firma ratione subnixam constat non ex signis neque petitis extrinsecus argumentis sed ex convenientibus necessariisque causis esse ducendam", + "en": "But it is agreed that a proof supported by firm reasoning must be drawn not from signs nor from arguments fetched from outside the subject, but from relevant and necessary causes." + }, + { + "id": 4798, + "la": "Sed qui fieri potest ut ea non proveniant quae futura esse providentur?", + "en": "But how could it be that those things should not happen which are foreseen to be future?" + }, + { + "id": 4799, + "la": "Quasi vero nos ea quae providentia futura esse praenoscit non esse eventura credamus ac non illud potius arbitremur, licet eveniant, nihil tamen ut evenirent sui natura necessitatis habuisse;", + "en": "Just as if we were to believe that those things which providence foreknows will happen were not going to happen, and did not rather think that although they do happen, yet they have of their nature no necessity that they must happen." + }, + { + "id": 4800, + "la": "quod hinc facile perpendas licebit", + "en": "Which you may easily gather from this:" + }, + { + "id": 4801, + "la": "Plura etenim dum fiunt subiecta oculis intuemur, ut ea quae in quadrigis moderandis atque flectendis facere spectantur aurigae, atque ad hunc modum cetera", + "en": "for many things, while they are happening, we look at set out before our eyes, as for example those things which charioteers are watched doing in guiding and turning their teams, and other things of a similar kind." + }, + { + "id": 4802, + "la": "Num igitur quidquam illorum ita fieri necessitas ulla compellit?", + "en": "Now surely no necessity compels any of these things to happen as it does?" + }, + { + "id": 4803, + "la": "Minime Frustra enim esset artis effectus, si omnia coacta moverentur.", + "en": "Not at all; for the exercise of skill would be useless if all things moved under compulsion." + }, + { + "id": 4804, + "la": "Quae igitur cum fiunt carent exsistendi necessitate, eadem prius quam fiant sine necessitate futura sunt", + "en": "Therefore things which, while they are happening, lack any necessity of being so, these same things, before they happen, are future without any necessity." + }, + { + "id": 4805, + "la": "Quare sunt quaedam eventura quorum exitus ab omni necessitate sit absolutus", + "en": "And therefore there are some things going to happen the occurrence of which is free from all necessity." + }, + { + "id": 4806, + "la": "Nam illud quidem nullum arbitror esse dicturum, quod quae nunc fiunt, prius quam fierent, eventura non fuerint", + "en": "For I do not think that any man would say this, that those things which are happening now were not going to happen before they happened;" + }, + { + "id": 4807, + "la": "Haec igitur etiam praecognita liberos habent eventus", + "en": "therefore of these, even foreknown, the occurrence is free." + }, + { + "id": 4808, + "la": "Nam sicut scientia praesentium rerum nihil his quae fiunt, ita praescientia futurorum nihil his quae ventura sunt necessitatis importat", + "en": "For just as knowledge of present things introduces no necessity into those things which are happening, so the foreknowledge of future things introduces none into those things which are to come." + }, + { + "id": 4809, + "la": "Sed hoc, inquis, ipsum dubitatur, an earum rerum quae necessarios exitus non habent ulla possit esse praenotio", + "en": "But this, you say, is exactly what is in doubt, whether there can be any foreknowledge of those things which do not have necessary outcomes." + }, + { + "id": 4810, + "la": "Dissonare etenim videntur putasque si praevideantur consequi necessitatem, si necessitas desit minime praesciri nihilque scientia comprehendi posse nisi certum;", + "en": "For these two (foreknowledge and not-necessary outcomes) seem to be incompatible, and you think that if things are foreseen, necessity is a consequence, and if there is no necessity, they cannot be foreknown at all, and nothing can be grasped by knowledge except what is certain." + }, + { + "id": 4811, + "la": "quod si quae incerti sunt exitus ea quasi certa providentur, opinionis id esse caliginem non scientiae veritatem", + "en": "But if those things which are of uncertain outcome are foreseen as if they were certain, that is really the obscurity of opinion, not the truth of knowledge;" + }, + { + "id": 4812, + "la": "Aliter enim ac sese res habeat arbitrari ab integritate scientiae credis esse diversum", + "en": "for you believe thinking things to be other than as they are to be alien to the integrity of knowledge." + }, + { + "id": 4813, + "la": "Cuius erroris causa est, quod omnia quae quisque novit ex ipsorum tantum vi atque natura cognosci aestimat quae sciuntur;", + "en": "The cause of this mistake is that each thinks that all that he knows is known simply by the power and nature of those things that are known." + }, + { + "id": 4814, + "la": "quod totum contra est", + "en": "Which is altogether otherwise:" + }, + { + "id": 4815, + "la": "Omne enim quod cognoscitur non secundum sui vim sed secundum cognoscentium potius comprehenditur facultatem", + "en": "for everything which is known is grasped not according to its own power but rather according to the capability of those who know it.a" + }, + { + "id": 4816, + "la": "Nam ut hoc brevi liqueat exemplo, eandem corporis rotunditatem aliter visus aliter tactus agnoscit", + "en": "For'that this may become clear by a brief example'the same roundness of a body sight recognizes in one way and touch in another;" + }, + { + "id": 4817, + "la": "Ille eminus manens totum simul iactis radiis intuetur;", + "en": "the former sense remaining at a distance looks at the whole at once by the light of its emitted rays," + }, + { + "id": 4818, + "la": "hic vero cohaerens orbi atque coniunctus circa ipsum motus ambitum rotunditatem partibus comprehendit", + "en": "while the latter, being united and conjoined to the round body, going right round its circuit, grasps the roundness by parts." + }, + { + "id": 4819, + "la": "Ipsum quoque hominem aliter sensus, aliter imaginatio, aliter ratio, aliter intellegentia contuetur", + "en": "Man himself also, sense, imagination, reason and intelligence look at in different ways." + }, + { + "id": 4820, + "la": "Sensus enim figuram in subiecta materia constitutam, imaginatio vero solam sine materia iudicat figuram", + "en": "For sense examines the shape set in the underlying matter, imagination the shape alone without the matter;" + }, + { + "id": 4821, + "la": "Ratio vero hanc quoque transcendit speciemque ipsam quae singularibus inest universali consideratione perpendit", + "en": "while reason surpasses this too, and examines with a universal consideration the specific form itself, which is present in single individuals." + }, + { + "id": 4822, + "la": "Intellegentiae vero celsior oculus exsistit;", + "en": "But the eye of intelligence is set higher still;" + }, + { + "id": 4823, + "la": "supergressa namque universitatis ambitum ipsam illam simplicem formam pura mentis acie contuetur", + "en": "for passing beyond the process of going round the one whole, it looks with the pure sight of the mind at the simple Form itself." + }, + { + "id": 4824, + "la": "In quo illud maxime considerandum est:", + "en": "And herein the greatest consideration is to be given to this:" + }, + { + "id": 4825, + "la": "nam superior comprehendendi vis amplectitur inferiorem, inferior vero ad superiorem nullo modo consurgit", + "en": "for the higher power of comprehension embraces the lower, while the lower in no way rises to the higher." + }, + { + "id": 4826, + "la": "Neque enim sensus aliquid extra materiam valet vel universales species imaginatio contuetur vel ratio capit simplicem formam, sed intellegentia quasi desuper spectans concepta forma quae subsunt etiam cuncta diiudicat, sed eo modo quo formam ipsam, quae nulli alii nota esse poterat, comprehendit", + "en": "For neither can sense attain to anything outside matter, nor does imagination look at universal specific forms, nor reason grasp the simple Form: but the intelligence, as it were looking down from above, by conceiving the Form distinguishes all the things subject to that Form, but only because of the way it comprehends the Form itself, which could not be known to anything else." + }, + { + "id": 4827, + "la": "Nam et rationis universum et imaginationis figuram et materiale sensible cognoscit nec ratione utens nec imaginatione nec sensibus,", + "en": "For it knows the reasons universal, and the imaginations shape, and what is materially sensible, but without using reason, imagination or the senses," + }, + { + "id": 4828, + "la": "sed illo uno ictu mentis formaliter, ut ita dicam, cuncta prospiciens", + "en": "but by the one stroke of the mind, Formally, so to speak, looking forth on all these things together." + }, + { + "id": 4829, + "la": "Ratio quoque cum quid universale respicit, nec imaginatione nec sensibus utens imaginabilia vel sensibilia comprehendit", + "en": "Reason, too, when it regards some universal, without using imagination or the senses grasps the imaginable and sensible aspects." + }, + { + "id": 4830, + "la": "Haec est enim quae conceptionis suae universale ita definivit: homo est animal bipes rationale", + "en": "For reason it is which defines the universal it has conceived thus: man is a rational, bipedal animal." + }, + { + "id": 4831, + "la": "Quae cum universalis notio sit, tum imaginabilem sensibilemque esse rem nullus ignorat, quod illa non imaginatione vel sensu sed in rationali conceptione considerat", + "en": "And although this is a universal idea, at the same time no-one is ignorant that it is an imaginable and sensible thing which the reason is considering, not by means of imagination or sense, but in its rational conceiving." + }, + { + "id": 4832, + "la": "Imaginatio quoque tametsi ex sensibus visendi formandique figuras sumpsit exordium, sensu tamen absente sensibilia quaeque conlustrat non sensibili sed imaginaria ratione iudicandi", + "en": "Imagination also, although it has taken its beginning of seeing and forming shapes from the senses, yet with sense removed surveys all sensible things not by a sensible manner of examining them but by an imaginative one." + }, + { + "id": 4833, + "la": "Videsne igitur ut in cognoscendo cuncta sua potius facultate quam eorum quae cognoscuntur utantur?", + "en": "Do you therefore see that in knowing, all these use their own capability rather than that of those things which are known?" + }, + { + "id": 4834, + "la": "Neque id iniuria; nam cum omne iudicium iudicantis actus exsistat, necesse est ut suam quisque operam non ex aliena sed ex propria potestate perficiat", + "en": "Nor is this wrong: for since every judgement is the act of one judging, it must be that each performs his task not from some others power but from his own." + }, + { + "id": 4835, + "la": "Quondam porticus attulit Obscuros nimium senes Qui sensus et imagines E corporibus extimis Credant mentibus imprimi, Ut quondam celeri stilo Mos est aequore paginae, Quae nullas habeat notas,", + "en": "Sometimes the Porcha has brought into the world Some very obscure old philosophers, Such as think sensible images From bodies outside themselves Are impressed upon mens minds; As at times with swiftly-moving stylus Men are used to print the blank space of a page Which has no marks" + }, + { + "id": 4836, + "la": "Pressas figere litteras", + "en": "With impressed letters." + }, + { + "id": 4837, + "la": "Sed mens si propriis vigens Nihil motibus explicat, Sed tantum patiens iacet Notis subdita corporum Cassasque in speculi vicem Rerum reddit imagines, Unde haec sic animis viget Cernens omnia notio?", + "en": "But if the mind, with the strength of its proper motions, Nothing unfolds, But merely passive lies Subject to other bodies marks, And like a mirror but reflects The empty images of things, Whence then this all-discerning common concepts strength In the minds of men?" + }, + { + "id": 4838, + "la": "Quae vis singula perspicit Aut quae cognita dividit?", + "en": "What power singulars perceives, Or what power all things known divides?" + }, + { + "id": 4839, + "la": "Quae divisa recolligit Alternumque legens iter Nunc summis caput inserit, Nunc decedit in infima, Tum sese referens sibi Veris falsa redarguit?", + "en": "Things thus divided what collects again, And taking either way in turn Now lifts its head to highest things And now to lowest things descends, Then to itself returning Falsehood refutes with truth?" + }, + { + "id": 4840, + "la": "Haec est efficiens magis Longe causa potentior Quam quae materiae modo Impressas patitur notas", + "en": "This is an efficient cause More powerful by far Than that which passively receives Only the impressed marks on things material." + }, + { + "id": 4841, + "la": "Praecedit tamen excitans Ac vires animi movens Vivo in corpore passio", + "en": "Yet there precedes, To stir and move the powers of the mind, Emotive movement in the living body," + }, + { + "id": 4842, + "la": "Cum vel lux oculos ferit Vel vox auribus instrepit, Tum mentis vigor excitus Quas intus species tenet Ad motus similes vocans Notis applicat exteris Introrsumque reconditis Formis miscet imagines", + "en": "As when light strikes the eyes, Or a cry in the ears resounds. Then the minds wakened power, Calling upon these forms it holds within To similar motions, Applies them to the marks received from without And joins those images To the forms hidden within." + }, + { + "id": 4843, + "la": "Quod si in corporibus sentiendis, quamvis afficiant instrumenta sensuum forinsecus obiectae qualitates animique agentis vigorem passio corporis antecedat quae in se actum mentis provocet excitetque interim quiescentes intrinsecus formas, si in sentiendis, inquam, corporibus animus non passione insignitur, sed ex sua vi subiectam corpori iudicat passionem, quanto magis ea quae cunctis corporum affectionibus absoluta sunt, in discernendo non obiecta extrinsecus sequuntur, sed actum suae mentis expediunt?", + "en": "Now if in perceiving corporeal things, although qualities presented from without affect the apparatus of the senses, and the emotive movement of the body precedes the activity of the active mind, a movement which calls forth upon itself the action of the mind and stirs up the forms previously lying at rest within; if, I say, in perceiving corporeal things, the mind is not marked by that movement, but of its own power judges that movement, which is a quality of the body, then how much the more do those things which are quite separate from all bodily affections, in the act of judgement not follow things presented from without, but set in motion the action of the mind to which they belong!" + }, + { + "id": 4844, + "la": "Hac itaque ratione multiplices cognitiones diversis ac differentibus cessere substantiis", + "en": "And so on this principle many kinds of knowledge belong to different and diverse substances." + }, + { + "id": 4845, + "la": "Sensus enim solus cunctis aliis cognitionibus destitutus immobilibus animantibus cessit quales sunt conchae maris quaeque alia saxis haerentia nutriuntur, imaginatio vero mobilibus beluis quibus iam inesse fugiendi appetendive aliquis videtur affectus, ratio vero humani tantum generis est sicut intellegentia sola divini", + "en": "For sense alone without any other kind of knowledge belongs to living things that do not move, such as are sea shells and such other things as feed clinging to rocks; but imagination belongs to beasts that move, which seem already to have in them some disposition to flee or to seek out things. But reason belongs only to human kind, as intelligence only to the divine." + }, + { + "id": 4846, + "la": "Quo fit ut ea notitia ceteris praestet quae suapte natura non modo proprium sed ceterarum quoque notitiarum subiecta cognoscit", + "en": "So it is that that kind of knowledge is better than the rest which of its own nature knows not only its own object but the subjects of other kinds of knowledge also." + }, + { + "id": 4847, + "la": "Quid igitur, si ratiocinationi sensus imaginatioque refragentur, nihil esse illud universale dicentes quod sese intueri ratio putet?", + "en": "What, then, if sense and imagination gainsay reasoning, saying that that universal which reason thinks she perceives, is nothing at all?" + }, + { + "id": 4848, + "la": "Quod enim sensibile vel imaginabile est, id universum esse non posse;", + "en": "For that which is the object of sense and imagination cannot, they say, be universal;" + }, + { + "id": 4849, + "la": "aut igitur rationis verum esse iudicium nec quidquam esse sensibile, aut quoniam sibi notum sit plura sensibus et imaginationi esse subiecta, inanem conceptionem esse rationis quae quod sensibile sit ac singulare quasi quiddam universale consideret", + "en": "therefore either the judgement of reason is true, and there is nothing sensible, or, since they know that many things are objects of the senses and imagination, reasons concept is empty, since she thinks of that which is sensible and singular as if it were some kind of universal." + }, + { + "id": 4850, + "la": "Ad haec, si ratio contra respondeat se quidem et quod sensibile et quod imaginable sit in universitatis ratione conspicere, illa vero ad universitatis cognitionem adspirare non posse, quoniam eorum notio corporales figuras non possit excedere, de rerum vero cognitione firmiori potius perfectiorique iudicio esse credendum, in huiusmodi igitur lite nos quibus tam ratiocinandi quam imaginandi etiam sentiendique vis inest nonne rationis potius causam probaremus?", + "en": "Further, if reason rejoins to this that she does indeed see both the object of sense and the object of imagination under the aspect of their universality, but that they cannot aspire to the knowledge of universality since their knowledge cannot go beyond corporeal shapes, but we must give credence rather to the more firm and perfect judgement concerning the knowledge of things: in this sort of argument, then, should we not, we who have in us the power of reasoning as well as those of imagination and sense, should we not rather judge in favour of reasons case?" + }, + { + "id": 4851, + "la": "Simile est quod humana ratio divinam intellegentiam futura, nisi ut ipsa cognoscit, non putat intueri", + "en": "It is similar when human reason thinks that the divine intelligence does not see future things except in the same manner as she herself knows them." + }, + { + "id": 4852, + "la": "Nam ita disseris: Si qua certos ac necessarios habere non videantur eventus, ea certo eventura praesciri nequeunt", + "en": "For this is how you argue: if any things seem not to have certain and necessary occurrences, those things cannot be certainly foreknown as going to occur." + }, + { + "id": 4853, + "la": "Harum igitur rerum nulla est praescientia, quam si etiam in his esse credamus, nihil erit quod non ex necessitate proveniat", + "en": "Therefore of these things there is no foreknowledge, and if we think there is foreknowledge in these matters, there will be nothing which does not happen from necessity." + }, + { + "id": 4854, + "la": "Si igitur uti rationis participes sumus, ita divinae iudicium mentis habere possemus, sicut imaginationem sensumque rationi cedere oportere iudicavimus, sic divinae sese menti humanam submittere rationem iustissimum censeremus", + "en": "Now if just as we have a share in reason, so we could possess the judgement belonging to the divine mind, then just as we have judged that imagination and sense ought to give way to reason, so we should think it most just that human reason should submit to the divine mind." + }, + { + "id": 4855, + "la": "Quare in illius summae intellegentiae cacumen, si possumus, erigamur;", + "en": "Wherefore let us be raised up, if we can, to the height of that highest intelligence;" + }, + { + "id": 4856, + "la": "illic enim ratio videbit quod in se non potest intueri, id autem est, quonam modo etiam quae certos exitus non habent, certa tamen videat ac definita praenotio neque id sit opinio sed summae potius scientiae nullis terminis inclusa simplicitas", + "en": "for there reason will see that which she cannot look at in herself, and that is, in what way even those things which have no certain occurrence a certain an definite foreknowledge yet does see, neither is that opinion, but rather the simplicity, shut in by no bounds, of the highest knowledge." + }, + { + "id": 4857, + "la": "Quam variis terras animalia permeant figuris!", + "en": "In what diversity of shapes do living things traverse the lands!" + }, + { + "id": 4858, + "la": "Namque alia extento sunt corpore pulveremque verrunt Continuumque trahunt vi pectoris incitata sulcum, Sunt quibus alarum levitas vaga verberetque ventos Et liquido longi spatia aetheris enatet volatu, Haec pressisse solo vestigia gressibusque gaudent Vel virides campos transmittere vel subire silvas", + "en": "For some are long in body and sweep the dust And draw a continuous furrow, moved by their bellys power; There are those the lightness of whose wandering wings beats on the winds And floats in the spaces of the ether far with flight so smooth; These others delight to press their footprints in the ground, and with their steps To cross green fields, or pass beneath the woods." + }, + { + "id": 4859, + "la": "Quae variis videas licet omnia discrepare formis, Prona tamen facies hebetes valet ingravare sensus", + "en": "And all these, though you see they differ in their various forms, Yet their downturned faces make their senses heavy grow and dull." + }, + { + "id": 4860, + "la": "Unica gens hominum celsum levat altius cacumen Atque levis recto stat corpore despicitque terras", + "en": "Only the race of men lift high their lofty heads And lightly stand with upright bodies, looking down so on the earth." + }, + { + "id": 4861, + "la": "Haec nisi terrenus male desipis, admonet figura, Qui recto caelum vultu petis exserisque frontem, In sublime feras animum quoque, ne gravata pessum Inferior sidat mens corpore celsius levato", + "en": "And (unless, being earthly, you are stupidly wrong) this shape tells you, You who with upright face do seek the sky, and thrust your forehead out, You should also bear your mind aloft, lest weighted down The mind sink lower than the body raised above." + }, + { + "id": 4862, + "la": "Quoniam igitur, uti paulo ante monstratum est, omne quod scitur non ex sua sed ex conprehendentium natura cognoscitur, intueamur nunc quantum fas est, quis sit divinae substantiae status, ut quaenam etiam scientia eius sit, possimus agnoscere", + "en": "Since, then, as was shown a little while ago, everything which is known is known not according to its own nature but according to the nature of those comprehending it, let us now examine, so far as is allowable, what is the nature of the divine substance, so that we may be able to recognize what kind of knowledge his is." + }, + { + "id": 4863, + "la": "Deum igitur aeternum esse cunctorum ratione degentium commune iudicium est", + "en": "Now that God is eternal is the common judgement of all who live by reason." + }, + { + "id": 4864, + "la": "Quid sit igitur aeternitas consideremus;", + "en": "Therefore let us consider, what is eternity;" + }, + { + "id": 4865, + "la": "haec enim nobis naturam pariter divinam scientiamque patefacit", + "en": "for this makes plain to us both the divine nature and the divine knowledge." + }, + { + "id": 4866, + "la": "Aeternitas igitur est interminabilis vitae tota simul et perfecta possessio, quod ex collatione temporalium clarius liquet", + "en": "Eternity, then, is the whole, simultaneous and perfect possession of boundless life, which becomes clearer by comparison with temporal things." + }, + { + "id": 4867, + "la": "Nam quidquid vivit in tempore id praesens a praeteritis in futura procedit nihilque est in tempore constitutum quod totum vitae suae spatium pariter possit amplecti", + "en": "For whatever lives in time proceeds in the present from the past into the future, and there is nothing established in time which can embrace the whole space of its life equally," + }, + { + "id": 4868, + "la": "Sed crastinum quidem nondum adprehendit, hesternum vero iam perdidit;", + "en": "but tomorrow surely it does not yet grasp, while yesterday it has already lost." + }, + { + "id": 4869, + "la": "in hodierna quoque vita non amplius vivitis quam in illo mobili transitorioque momento", + "en": "And in this day to day life you live no more than in that moving and transitory moment." + }, + { + "id": 4870, + "la": "Quod igitur temporis patitur condicionem, licet illud, sicuti de mundo censuit Aristoteles, nec coeperit umquam esse nec desinat vitaque eius cum temporis infinitate tendatur, nondum tamen tale est ut aeternum esse iure credatur", + "en": "Therefore whatever endures the condition of time, although, as Aristotle thought concerning the world, it neither began ever to be nor ceases to be, and although its life is drawn out with the infinity of time, yet it is not yet such that it may rightly be believed to be eternal." + }, + { + "id": 4871, + "la": "Non enim totum simul infinitae licet vitae spatium comprehendit atque complectitur, sed futura nondum, transacta iam non habet", + "en": "For it does not simultaneously comprehend and embrace the whole space of its life, though it be infinite, but it possesses the future not yet, the past no longer." + }, + { + "id": 4872, + "la": "Quod igitur interminabilis vitae plenitudinem totam pariter comprehendit ac possidet, cui neque futuri quidquam absit nec praeteriti fluxerit, id aeternum esse iure perhibetur, idque necesse est et sui compos praesens sibi semper adsistere et infinitatem mobilis temporis habere praesentem", + "en": "Whatever therefore comprehends and possesses at once the whole fullness of boundless life, and is such that neither is anything future lacking from it, nor has anything past flowed away, that is rightly held to be eternal, and that must necessarily both always be present to itself, possessing itself in the present, and hold as present the infinity of moving time." + }, + { + "id": 4873, + "la": "Unde non recte quidam, qui cum audiunt visum Platoni mundum hunc nec habuisse initium temporis nec habiturum esse defectum, hoc modo conditori conditum mundum fieri coaeternum putant", + "en": "And therefore those are not right who, when they hear that Plato thought this world neither had a beginning in time nor would have an end, think that in this way the created world is made co-eternal with the Creator." + }, + { + "id": 4874, + "la": "Aliud est enim per interminabilem duci vitam, quod mundo Plato tribuit, aliud interminabilis vitae totam pariter complexum esse praesentiam, quod divinae mentis proprium esse manifestum est", + "en": "For it is one thing to be drawn out through a life without bounds, which is what Plato attributes to the world, but it is a different thing to have embraced at once the whole presence of boundless life, which it is clear is the property of the divine mind." + }, + { + "id": 4875, + "la": "Neque deus conditis rebus antiquior videri debet temporis quantitate sed simplicis potius proprietate naturae", + "en": "Nor should God seem to be more ancient than created things by some amount of time, but rather by his own simplicity of nature." + }, + { + "id": 4876, + "la": "Hunc enim vitae immobilis praesentarium statum infinitus ille temporalium rerum motus imitatur cumque eum effingere atque aequare non possit, ex immobilitate deficit in motum, ex simplicitate praesentiae decrescit in infinitam futuri ac praeteriti quantitatem;", + "en": "For this present nature of unmoving life that infinite movement of temporal things imitates, and since it cannot fully represent and equal it, it fails from immobility into motion, it shrinks from the simplicity of that present into the infinite quantity of the future and the past" + }, + { + "id": 4877, + "la": "et cum totam pariter vitae suae plenitudinem nequeat possidere, hoc ipso quod aliquo modo numquam esse desinit, illud quod implere atque exprimere non potest, aliquatenus videtur aemulari alligans se ad qualemcumque praesentiam huius exigui volucrisque momenti, quae, quoniam manentis illius praesentiae quandam gestat imaginem, quibuscumque contigerit id praestat ut esse videantur", + "en": "and, since it cannot possess at once the whole fullness of its life, in this very respect, that it in some way never ceases to be, it seems to emulate to some degree which it cannot fully express, by binding itself to the sort of present of this brief and fleeting moment, a present which since it wears a kind of likeness of that permanent present, grants to whatsoever things it touches that they should seem to be." + }, + { + "id": 4878, + "la": "Quoniam vero manere non potuit, infinitum temporis iter arripuit eoque modo factum est ut continuaret eundo vitam cuius plenitudinem complecti non valuit permanendo", + "en": "But since it could not be permanent, it seized on the infinite journeying of time, and in that way became such that it should continue by going on a life the fullness of which it could not embrace by being permanent." + }, + { + "id": 4879, + "la": "Itaque si digna rebus nomina velimus imponere, Platonem sequentes deum quidem aeternum, mundum vero dicamus esse perpetuum", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 4880, + "la": "Quoniam igitur omne iudicium secundum sui naturam quae sibi subiecta sunt comprehendit, est autem deo semper aeternus ac praesentarius status;", + "en": "And so if we should wish to give things names befitting them, then following Plato we should say that God indeed is eternal, but that the world is perpetual." + }, + { + "id": 4881, + "la": "scientia quoque eius omnem temporis supergressa motionem in suae manet simplicitate praesentiae infinitaque praeteriti ac futuri spatia complectens omnia quasi iam gerantur in sua simplici cognitione considerat", + "en": "Since then every judgement comprehends those things subject to it according to its own nature, and God has an always eternal and present nature, then his knowledge too, surpassing all movement of time, is permanent in the simplicity of his present, and embracing all the infinite spaces of the future and the past, considers them in his simple act of knowledge as though they were now going on." + }, + { + "id": 4882, + "la": "Itaque si praescientiam pensare velis qua cuncta dinoscit, non esse praescientiam quasi futuri sed scientiam numquam deficientis instantiae rectius aestimabis;", + "en": "So if you should wish to consider his foreknowledge, by which he discerns all things, you will more rightly judge it to be not foreknowledge as it were of the future but knowledge of a never-passing instant." + }, + { + "id": 4883, + "la": "unde non praevidentia sed providentia potius dicitur, quod porro ab rebus infimis constituta quasi ab excelso rerum cacumine cuncta prospiciat", + "en": "And therefore it is called not prevision (praevidentia) but providence (providentia), because set far from the lowest of things it looks forward on all things as though from the highest peak of the world." + }, + { + "id": 4884, + "la": "Quid igitur postulas ut necessaria fiant quae divino lumine lustrentur, cum ne homines quidem necessaria faciant esse quae videant?", + "en": "Why then do you require those things to be made necessary which are scanned by the light of Gods sight, when not even men make necessary those things they see?" + }, + { + "id": 4885, + "la": "Num enim quae praesentia cernis, aliquam eis necessitatem tuus addit intuitus?", + "en": "After all, your looking at them does not confer any necessity on those things you presently see, does it?" + }, + { + "id": 4886, + "la": "Minime. Atqui si est divini humanique praesentis digna collatio, uti vos vestro hoc temporario praesenti quaedam videtis, ita ille omnia suo cernit aeterno", + "en": "Not at all. But if the comparison of the divine and the human present is a proper one, just as you see certain things in this your temporal present, so he perceives all things in his eternal one." + }, + { + "id": 4887, + "la": "Quare haec divina praenotio naturam rerum proprietatemque non mutat taliaque apud se praesentia spectat qualia in tempore olim futura provenient", + "en": "And therefore this divine foreknowledge does not alter the proper nature of things, but sees them present to him just such as in time they will at some future point come to be." + }, + { + "id": 4888, + "la": "Nec rerum iudicia confundit unoque suae mentis intuitu tam necessarie quam non necessarie ventura dinoscit;", + "en": "Nor does he confuse the ways things are to be judged, but with one glance of his mind distinguishes both those things necessarily coming to be and those not necessarily coming to be," + }, + { + "id": 4889, + "la": "sicuti vos cum pariter ambulare in terra hominem et oriri in caelo solem videtis, quamquam simul utrumque conspectum tamen discernitis et hoc voluntarium illud esse necessarium iudicatis, ita igitur cuncta despiciens divinus intuitus qualitatem rerum minime perturbat apud se quidem praesentium, ad condicionem vero temporis futurarum", + "en": "just as you, when you see at one and the same time that a man is walking on the ground and that the sun is rising in the sky, although the two things are seen simultaneously, yet you distinguish them, and judge the first to be voluntary, the second necessary. So then the divine perception looking down on all things does not disturb at all the quality of things that are present indeed to him but future with reference to imposed conditions of time." + }, + { + "id": 4890, + "la": "Quo fit ut hoc non sit opinio sed veritate potius nixa cognitio, cum exstaturum quid esse cognoscit quod idem exsistendi necessitate carere non nesciat", + "en": "So it is that it is not opinion but a knowledge grounded rather upon truth, when he knows that something is going to happen, something which he is also aware lacks all necessity of happening." + }, + { + "id": 4891, + "la": "Hic si dicas quod eventurum deus videt id non evenire non posse, quod autem non potest non evenire id ex necessitate contingere, meque ad hoc nomen necessitatis adstringas, fatebor rem quidem solidissimae veritatis sed cui vix aliquis nisi divini speculator accesserit", + "en": "If at this point you were to say that what God sees is going to occur cannot not occur, and that what cannot not occur happens from necessity, and so bind me to this word necessity, I will admit that this is a matter indeed of the firmest truth, but one which scarcely anyone except a theologian could tackle." + }, + { + "id": 4892, + "la": "Respondebo namque idem futurum, cum ad divinam notionem refertur, necessarium, cum vero in sua natura perpenditur, liberum prorsus atque absolutum videri", + "en": "For I shall say in answer that the same future event, when it is related to divine knowledge, is necessary, but when it is considered in its own nature it seems to be utterly and absolutely free." + }, + { + "id": 4893, + "la": "Duae sunt etenim necessitates, simplex una, veluti quod necesse est omnes homines esse mortales, altera condicionis, ut si aliquem ambulare scias, eum ambulare necesse est;", + "en": "For there are really two necessities, the one simple, as that it is necessary that all men are mortal; the other conditional, as for example, if you know that someone is walking, it is necessary that he is walking." + }, + { + "id": 4894, + "la": "quod enim quisque novit, id esse aliter ac notum est nequit, sed haec condicio minime secum illam simplicem trahit", + "en": "Whatever anyone knows cannot be otherwise than as it is known, but this conditional necessity by no means carries with it that other simple kind." + }, + { + "id": 4895, + "la": "Hanc enim necessitatem non propria facit natura sed condicionis adiectio;", + "en": "For this sort of necessity is not caused by a things proper nature but by the addition of the condition;" + }, + { + "id": 4896, + "la": "nulla enim necessitas cogit incedere voluntate gradientem, quamvis eum tum cum graditur incedere necessarium sit", + "en": "for no necessity forces him to go who walks of his own will, even though it is necessary that he is going at the time when he is walking." + }, + { + "id": 4897, + "la": "Eodem igitur modo, si quid providentia praesens videt, id esse necesse est, tametsi nullam naturae habeat necessitatem", + "en": "Now in the same way, if providence sees anything as present, that must necessarily be, even if it possesses no necessity of its nature." + }, + { + "id": 4898, + "la": "Atqui deus ea futura quae ex arbitrii libertate proveniunt praesentia contuetur", + "en": "But God beholds those future events which happen because of the freedom of the will, as present;" + }, + { + "id": 4899, + "la": "Haec igitur ad intuitum relata divinum necessaria fiunt per condicionem divinae notionis;", + "en": "they therefore, related to the divine perception, become necessary through the condition of the divine knowledge," + }, + { + "id": 4900, + "la": "per se vero considerata ab absoluta naturae suae libertate non desinunt", + "en": "but considered in themselves do not lose the absolute freedom of their nature." + }, + { + "id": 4901, + "la": "Fient igitur procul dubio cuncta quae futura deus esse praenoscit, sed eorum quaedam de libero proficiscuntur arbitrio;", + "en": "Therefore all those things which God foreknows will come to be, will without doubt come to be, but certain of them proceed from free will," + }, + { + "id": 4902, + "la": "quae quamvis eveniant, exsistendo tamen naturam propriam non amittunt, qua priusquam fierent non evenire potuissent", + "en": "and although they do come to be, yet in happening they do not lose their proper nature, according to which, before they happened, they might also not have happened." + }, + { + "id": 4903, + "la": "Quid igitur refert non esse necessaria, cum propter divinae scientiae condicionem modis omnibus necessitatis instar eveniet?", + "en": "What then does it matter that they are not necessary, since on account of the condition of the divine knowledge it will turn out in all respects like necessity?" + }, + { + "id": 4904, + "la": "Hoc scilicet quod ea quae paulo ante proposui, sol oriens et gradiens homo", + "en": "Surely as much as those things I put before you a moment ago, the rising sun and the walking man:" + }, + { + "id": 4905, + "la": "Quae dum fiunt, non fieri non possunt;", + "en": "while these things are happening, they cannot not happen," + }, + { + "id": 4906, + "la": "eorum tamen unum prius quoque quam fieret, necesse erat exsistere, alterum vero minime", + "en": "but of the two one, even before it happened, was bound to happen, while the other was not." + }, + { + "id": 4907, + "la": "Ita etiam quae praesentia deus habet, dubio procul exsistent, sed eorum hoc quidem de rerum necessitate descendit, illud vero de potestate facientium", + "en": "So also, those things God possesses as present, beyond doubt will happen, but of them the one kind is consequent upon the necessity of things, the other upon the power of those doing them." + }, + { + "id": 4908, + "la": "Haud igitur iniuria diximus haec si ad divinam notitiam referantur necessaria, si per se considerentur necessitatis esse nexibus absoluta;", + "en": "So therefore we were not wrong in saying that these, if related to the divine knowledge, are necessary, if considered in themselves, are free from the bonds of necessity," + }, + { + "id": 4909, + "la": "sicuti omne quod sensibus patet, si ad rationem referas, universale est, si ad se ipsa respicias, singulare", + "en": "just as everything which lies open to the senses, if you relate it to the reason, is universal, if you look at it by itself, is singular." + }, + { + "id": 4910, + "la": "Sed si in mea, inquies, potestate situm est mutare propositum, evacuabo providentiam, cum quae illa praenoscit forte mutavero.", + "en": "But if, you will say, it lies in my power to change my intention, I shall make nonsense of providence, since what providence foreknows, I shall perhaps have changed." + }, + { + "id": 4911, + "la": "Respondebo: propositum te quidem tuum posse deflectere, sed quoniam et id te posse et an facias quove convertas praesens providentiae veritas intuetur, divinam te praescientiam non posse vitare, sicuti praesentis oculi effugere non possis intuitum, quamvis te in varias actiones libera voluntate converteris", + "en": "I shall reply that you can indeed alter your intention, but since the truth of providence sees in its present both that you can do so, and whether you will do so and in what direction you will change, you cannot avoid the divine prescience, just as you could not escape the sight of an eye that was present, even though of your own free will you changed to different courses of action." + }, + { + "id": 4912, + "la": "Quid igitur inquies?", + "en": "What then will you say?" + }, + { + "id": 4913, + "la": "Ex meane dispositione scientia divina mutabitur, ut cum ego nunc hoc nunc aliud velim, illa quoque noscendi vices alternare videatur?", + "en": "Will the divine knowledge be changed by my disposition, so that, since I want to do this at one time and that at another, it too alternates from this kind of knowledge to that?" + }, + { + "id": 4914, + "la": "Minime Omne namque futurum divinus praecurrit intuitus et ad praesentiam propriae cognitionis retorquet ac revocat nec alternat, ut aestimas, nunc hoc nunc illud praenoscendi vice, sed uno ictu mutationes tuas manens praevenit atque complectitur", + "en": "Not at all. For the divine perception runs ahead over every future event and turns it back and recalls it to the present of its own knowledge, and does not alternate, as you suggest, foreknowing now this, now that, but itself remaining still anticipates and embraces your changes at one stroke." + }, + { + "id": 4915, + "la": "Quam comprehendendi omnia visendique praesentiam non ex futurarum proventu rerum, sed ex propria deus simplicitate sortitus est", + "en": "And God possesses this present instant of comprehension and sight of all things not from the issuing of future events but from his own simplicity." + }, + { + "id": 4916, + "la": "Ex quo illud quoque resolvitur quod paulo ante posuisti indignum esse, si scientiae dei causam futura nostra praestare dicantur", + "en": "In this way that too is resolved which you suggested a little while ago, that it is not right that our future actions should be said to provide the cause of the knowledge of God." + }, + { + "id": 4917, + "la": "Haec enim scientiae vis praesentaria notione cuncta complectens rebus modum omnibus ipsa constituit, nihil vero posterioribus debet", + "en": "For the nature of his knowledge as we have described it, embracing all things in a present act of knowing, establishes a measure for everything, but owes nothing to later events." + }, + { + "id": 4918, + "la": "Quae cum ita sint, manet intemerata mortalibus arbitrii libertas nec iniquae leges solutis omni necessitate voluntatibus praemia poenasque proponunt", + "en": "These things being so, the freedom of the will remains to mortals, inviolate, nor are laws proposing rewards and punishments for wills free from all necessity unjust." + }, + { + "id": 4919, + "la": "Manet etiam spectator desuper cunctorum praescius deus visionisque eius praesens semper aeternitas cum nostrorum actuum futura qualitate concurrit bonis praemia malis supplicia dispensans", + "en": "There remains also as an observer from on high fore-knowing all things, God, and the always present eternity of his sight runs along with the future quality of our actions dispensing rewards for the good and punishments for the wicked." + }, + { + "id": 4920, + "la": "Nec frustra sunt in deo positae spes precesque;", + "en": "Nor vainly are our hopes placed in God, nor our prayers," + }, + { + "id": 4921, + "la": "quae cum rectae sunt, inefficaces esse non possunt", + "en": "which when they are right cannot be ineffectual." + }, + { + "id": 4922, + "la": "Aversamini igitur vitia, colite virtutes, ad rectas spes animum sublevate, humiles preces in excelsa porrigite", + "en": "Turn away then from vices, cultivate virtues, lift up your mind to righteous hopes, offer up humble prayers to heaven." + }, + { + "id": 4923, + "la": "Magna vobis est, si dissimulare non vultis, necessitas indicta probitatis, cum ante oculos agitis iudicis cuncta cernentis.", + "en": "A great necessity is solemnly ordained for you if you do not want to deceive yourselves, to do good, when you act before the eyes of a judge who sees all things." + }, + { + "id": 4924, + "la": "Caesar itineribus iustis confectis nullo die intermisso a d XIIII Kal Ian Lilybaeum pervenit statimque ostendit sese navis velle conscendere, cum non amplius legionem tironum haberet unam, equites vix DC Tabernaculum secundum litus ipsum constituit, ut prope fluctus verberaret", + "en": "After completing a series of full days marches1 without pausing for a single day, Caesar arrived at Lilybaeum on December 17,2 and shewed himself desirous of embarking forthwith, although he had no more than a single legion of recruits and barely six hundred cavalry. He had his tent pitched alongside the actual beach so that the waves all but beat upon it:" + }, + { + "id": 4925, + "la": "Hoc eo consilio fecit ne quis sibi morae quicquam fore speraret et ut omnes in dies horasque parati essent", + "en": "his purpose in so doing was to prevent anyone from hoping he would enjoy any respite, and to ensure that everyone was in a state of daily and hourly readiness." + }, + { + "id": 4926, + "la": "Incidit per id tempus ut tempestates ad navigandum idoneas non haberet;", + "en": "During this time he was unlucky with the weather, which was unsuitable for sailing;" + }, + { + "id": 4927, + "la": "nihilo tamen minus in navibus remiges militesque continere et nullam praetermittere occasionem profectionis, cum praesertim ab incolis eius provinciae nuntiarentur adversariorum copiae equitatus infinitus, legiones regiae IIII, levis armaturae magna vis, Scipionis legiones X, elephanti CXX classesque esse complures;", + "en": "but for all that he still kept his rowers and troops aboard the ships and let slip no opportunity for setting forth, despite, above all, the reports which were coming in from the local provincials about the forces of the enemy'innumerable cavalry, four royal legions, a great quantity of light-armed troops, ten legions under command of Scipio, a hundred-and-twenty elephants and several fleets: ." + }, + { + "id": 4928, + "la": "tamen non deterrebatur animoque et spe confidebat", + "en": "yet even so he was not deterred, but remained resolute and optimistic." + }, + { + "id": 4929, + "la": "Interim in dies et naves longae adaugeri et onerariae complures eodem concurrere et legiones tironum convenire IIII, veterana legio quinta, equitum ad II milia", + "en": "Meanwhile every day saw an increase in the number of his warships, and numerous transports also assembled there: four legions of recruits, the veteran Fifth1 legion, and some two thousand cavalry also joined the muster" + }, + { + "id": 4930, + "la": "Legionibus collectis VI et equitum II milibus, ut quaeque prima legio venerat in navis longas imponebatur, equites autem in onerarias", + "en": "Six legions and two thousand cavalry had now been mustered. Each legion, as soon as it arrived, was embarked on the warships, while the cavalry were shipped aboard the transports." + }, + { + "id": 4931, + "la": "Ita maiorem partem navium antecedere iussit et insulam petere Aponianam, quae abest a Lilybaeo milia passuum X: ipse paucos dies ibi commoratus bona paucorum vendit publice, deinde Alieno praetori, qui Siciliam obtinebat, de omnibus rebus praecipit et de reliquo exercitu celeriter imponendo", + "en": "Accordingly, he ordered the greater part of the fleet to sail on ahead and make for the island of Aponiana, which is ten miles distant from Lilybaeum: he himself stayed behind there for a few days and sold up the property of a few persons for the profit of the state, and then gave full instructions to the praetor Alienus, who was governor of Sicily, in particular about the prompt embarkation of the rest of the army." + }, + { + "id": 4932, + "la": "Datis mandatis ipse navem conscendit a d VI Kal Ian et reliquas navis statim est consecutus", + "en": "Having given these instructions, he himself embarked on December 25 and immediately caught up with the remainder of his fleet." + }, + { + "id": 4933, + "la": "Ita vento certo celerique navigio vectus post diem quartum cum longis paucis navibus in conspectum Africae venit;", + "en": "And so, sailing in a fast ship with a steady wind, three days later with a few warships he came into sight of Africa;2" + }, + { + "id": 4934, + "la": "namque onerariae reliquae praeter paucas vento dispersae atque errabundae diversa loca petierunt", + "en": "for his transports, which comprised the rest of his fleet, had, with a few exceptions, been scattered by the wind and, losing their course, made for various points along the coast." + }, + { + "id": 4935, + "la": "Clupeam classe praetervehitur, dein Neapolim; complura praeterea castella et oppida non longe a mari reliquit", + "en": "He sailed on past Clupea with his fleet, and then past Neapolis; and besides these places he passed by quite a number of strongholds and towns not far from the sea." + }, + { + "id": 4936, + "la": "Postquam Hadrumetum accessit, ubi praesidium erat adversariorum cui praeerat C Considius, et a Clupeis secundum oram maritimam cum equitatu Hadrumetum petens Cn Piso cum Maurorum circiter tribus milibus apparuit,", + "en": "When Caesar reached Hadrumetum, where his opponents had a garrison commanded by C. Considius, Cn. Piso made his appearance there with approximately three thousand Moorish troops, approaching Hadrumetum with his cavalry along the sea coast from Clupea;" + }, + { + "id": 4937, + "la": "ibi paulisper Caesar ante portum commoratus, dum reliquae naves convenirent, exponit exercitum, cuius numerus in praesentia fuit peditum III milia, equites CL, castrisque ante oppidum positis sine iniuria cuiusquam consedit cohibetque omnis a praeda", + "en": "whereupon Caesar paused for a little while in front of the port, waiting for the rest of his ships to assemble, and then landed his army, which numbered at present three thousand infantry and a hundred-and-fifty cavalry. He then pitched camp in front of the town and established himself without molesting anyone, looting being universally forbidden." + }, + { + "id": 4938, + "la": "Oppidani interim muros armatis complent, ante portam frequentes considunt ad sese defendendum; quorum numerus duarum legionum instar erat", + "en": "Meanwhile the occupants of the town manned their battlements with armed troops, and massed in front of the gate to defend themselves: their numbers amounted to the equivalent of two legions." + }, + { + "id": 4939, + "la": "Caesar circum oppidum vectus natura loci perspecta rediit in castra", + "en": "Caesar rode round the town carefully observing the lie of the land, and then returned to camp." + }, + { + "id": 4940, + "la": "Non nemo culpae eius imprudentiaeque assignabat, quod neque circum loca gubernatoribus praefectisque quid peterent praeceperat neque, ut more ipsius consuetudo superioribus temporibus fuerat, tabellas signatas dediderat, ut in tempore his perlectis locum certum peterent universi", + "en": "Some blamed him for lack of foresight because he had not originally briefed his pilots and captains about what points on the coast they were to make for, and had not, as had been his own habitual practice on previous occasions, issued sealed instructions to be read at a specified time, so that they could all make for a given rendezvous together." + }, + { + "id": 4941, + "la": "Quod minime Caesarem fefellerat; nam neque ullum portum terrae Africae quo classes decurrerent pro certo tutum ab hostium praesidio fore suspicabatur, sed fortuito oblatam occasionem egressus aucupabatur", + "en": "But this was by no means an oversight on Caesars part; in fact, he surmised that there was no port on African soil where his fleet could run ashore and which he could count on as immune from the enemys protection; and failing that, he was on the watch for luck to present him with an opportunity to land." + }, + { + "id": 4942, + "la": "L Plancus interim legatus petit a Caesare uti sibi daret potestatem cum Considio agendi, si posset aliqua ratione perduci ad sanitatem", + "en": "Meanwhile one of his lieutenants, L. Plancus, asked Caesar to give him authority to treat with Considius, if by any means he could be brought to see reason." + }, + { + "id": 4943, + "la": "Itaque data facultate litteras conscribit et eas captivo dat perferendas in oppidum ad Considium", + "en": "Permission being granted, he accordingly wrote a letter, which he gave to a prisoner to take to Considius in the town." + }, + { + "id": 4944, + "la": "Quo simul atque captivus cum pervenisset litterasque, ut erat mandatum, Considio porrigere coepisset, prius quam acciperet ille, Unde, inquit, istas?", + "en": "As soon as the prisoner had arrived there, and when he was in the very act of handing Considius the letter in accordance with his instructions, the latter remarked before accepting it: Where did you get this?" + }, + { + "id": 4945, + "la": "Tum captivus: Imperatore a Caesare. Tum Considius, Unus est, inquit, Scipio imperator hoc tempore populi Romani;", + "en": "Whereupon the prisoner replied: From the commander-in-chief, Caesar. Then Considius retorted: There is but one commander-in-chief of the Roman people at the moment, namely Scipio." + }, + { + "id": 4946, + "la": "deinde in conspectu suo statim captivum interfici iubet litterasque nondum perlectas, sicut erant signatae, dat homini certo ad Scipionem perferendas", + "en": "He then ordered the prisoner to be executed forthwith in his presence, and gave the letter'still unread and with its seals intact'to a reliable messenger to take to Scipio." + }, + { + "id": 4947, + "la": "Postquam una nocte et die ad oppidum consumpta neque responsum ullum a Considio dabatur, neque ei reliquae copiae succurrebant neque equitatu abundabat et ad oppidum oppugnandum non satis copiarum habebat et eas tironum neque primo adventu convulnerari exercitum volebat,", + "en": "A night and a day1 were spent under the walls of the town without any reply being given by Considius: moreover, the rest of Caesars forces failed to arrive to reinforce him; he had no abundance of cavalry and insufficient forces to assault the town, and those he had were mere recruits; he was loath to let his army suffer heavy casualties immediately on its arrival;" + }, + { + "id": 4948, + "la": "et oppidi egregia munitio et difficilis ad oppugnandum erat ascensus et nuntiabatur auxilia magna equitatus oppidanis suppetias venire,", + "en": "the defences of the town were remarkably strong, its lofty position rendering it difficult to attack; and reports were coming in that large reinforcements of cavalry were on their way to aid the occupants of the town." + }, + { + "id": 4949, + "la": "non est visa ratio ad oppugnandum oppidum commorandi, ne, dum in ea re est Caesar occupatus, circumventus a tergo ab equitatu hostium laboraret", + "en": "For these reasons there seemed no point in staying on for the purpose of attacking the town, lest, while engaged in that task, Caesar might be surrounded in the rear by the enemy cavalry and so find himself in difficulties." + }, + { + "id": 4950, + "la": "Itaque castra cum movere vellet, subito ex oppido erupit multitudo atque equitatus subsidio uno tempore eis casu succurrit, qui erat missus a Iuba ad stipendium accipiendum, castraque, unde Caesar egressus iter facere coeperat, occupant et eius agmen extremum insequi coeperunt", + "en": "Caesar therefore was minded to strike camp; and while he was doing so a large body of men suddenly sallied forth from the town, and were reinforced simultaneously, as it chanced, by some cavalry sent by Juba to collect their pay: they seized Caesars camp, which he had just quitted to begin his march, and began to pursue his rearguard" + }, + { + "id": 4951, + "la": "Quae res cum animadversa esset, subito legionarii consistunt et equites, quamquam erant pauci, tamen contra tantam multitudinem audacissime concurrunt", + "en": "On seeing this the legionary troops came to an abrupt halt, while the cavalry, few as they were, nevertheless displayed the utmost gallantry in charging against such vast numbers." + }, + { + "id": 4952, + "la": "Accidit res incredibilis, ut equites minus XXX Galli Maurorum equitum II milia loco pellerent fugarentque in oppidum", + "en": "An incredible thing took place: less than thirty Gallic cavalry dislodged two thousand Moorish cavalry and drove them to take refuge in the town." + }, + { + "id": 4953, + "la": "Postquam repulsi et coniecti erant intra munitiones, Caesar iter constitutum ire contendit", + "en": "After they had been repulsed and hurled back within their fortifications, Caesar made haste to proceed with his projected march." + }, + { + "id": 4954, + "la": "Quod cum saepius facerent et modo insequerentur, modo rursus ab equitibus in oppidum repellerentur, cohortibus paucis ex veteranis quas secum habebat in extremo agmine collocatis et parte equitatus iter leniter cum reliquis facere coepit", + "en": "But as the enemy repeated these tactics all too frequently'now following in pursuit, now once again driven back into the town by the cavalry'Caesar posted in the rear of his column a few cohorts of the veteran troops which he had with him, as well as part of his cavalry, and so proceeded to march at a slow pace with the remainder of his force." + }, + { + "id": 4955, + "la": "Ita quanto longius ab oppido discedebatur, tanto tardiores ad insequendum erant Numidae", + "en": "In this way the further they withdrew from the town, the slower were the Numidians to pursue them." + }, + { + "id": 4956, + "la": "Interim in itinere ex oppidis et castellis legationes venire, polliceri frumentum paratosque esse quae imperasset facere", + "en": "Meanwhile in the course of his march deputations arrived from towns and strongholds with promises of corn and assurances of their readiness to carry out any orders he might give them." + }, + { + "id": 4957, + "la": "Itaque eo die castra posuit ad oppidum Ruspinam", + "en": "And so on that day he pitched camp near the town of Ruspina." + }, + { + "id": 4958, + "la": "Kal Ianuariis inde movit et pervenit ad oppidum Leptim, liberam civitatem et immunem", + "en": "From there he moved camp on January 1st and arrived at the town of Leptis, a free community, immune from taxes." + }, + { + "id": 4959, + "la": "Legati ex oppido obviam veniunt, libenter se omnia facturos quae vellet pollicentur", + "en": "Envoys came from the town to meet him and promised they would readily do whatever he wished." + }, + { + "id": 4960, + "la": "Itaque centurionibus ad portas oppidi et custodiis impositis, ne quis miles in oppidum introiret aut iniuriam faceret cuipiam incolae, non longe ab oppido secundum litus facit castra", + "en": "Accordingly, he posted centurions and picquets at the town gates, to prevent any soldier from entering it or molesting any inhabitant, and then made his camp adjoining the shore, not far from the town." + }, + { + "id": 4961, + "la": "Eodemque naves onerariae et longae non nullae casu advenerunt;", + "en": "And it so chanced that some of his transports and warships arrived at this same place:" + }, + { + "id": 4962, + "la": "reliquae, ut est ei nuntiatum, incertae locorum Uticam versus petere visae sunt", + "en": "as for the rest of them, it appeared from the reports which reached him that owing to their uncertain knowledge of the district they were making towards Utica." + }, + { + "id": 4963, + "la": "Interim Caesar a mari non digredi neque mediterranea petere propter navium errorem equitatumque in navibus omnem continere, ut arbitror, ne agri vastarentur;", + "en": "For the time being Caesar would not leave the sea or strike inland on account of these wayward vessels, and kept all his cavalry aboard ship, his purpose being, I imagine, to prevent their pillaging the countryside:" + }, + { + "id": 4964, + "la": "aquam in navis iubet comportari", + "en": "as for water, he ordered it to be carried aboard." + }, + { + "id": 4965, + "la": "Remiges interim, qui aquatum e navibus exierant, subito equites Mauri neque opinantibus Caesarianis adorti multos iaculis convulnerarunt, non nullos interfecerunt", + "en": "Meanwhile Caesars troops were taken by surprise when some rowers who had disembarked to fetch water were suddenly set upon by Moorish cavalry, who wounded many with their lances and killed some of them. ." + }, + { + "id": 4966, + "la": "Latent enim in insidiis cum equis inter convallis ut subito exsistant, non ut in campo comminus depugnent", + "en": "These Moors in fact lurk in ambush with their horses in the wadis, so as to start up suddenly and not to fight it out hand to hand in the plain" + }, + { + "id": 4967, + "la": "Caesar interim in Sardiniam nuntios cum litteris et in reliquas provincias finitimas dimisit, ut sibi auxilia, commeatus, frumentum, simul atque litteras legissent, mittenda curarent, exoneratisque partim navibus longis Rabirium Postumum in Siciliam ad secundum commeatum arcessendum mittit", + "en": "Meanwhile Caesar sent messengers to Sardinia and the other neighbouring provinces with despatches instructing them to take steps, immediately on reading the despatch, to send him reinforcements, supplies and corn. He also unloaded some of his warships and sent Rabirius Postumus to Sicily to fetch a second convoy." + }, + { + "id": 4968, + "la": "Vatinium cum X navibus longis ad reliquas navis onerarias conquirendas quae deerrassent et simul mare tuendum ab hostibus iubet proficisci", + "en": "He ordered Vatinius to set out with ten warships to search for the remaining transports which had gone astray, and at the same time to keep the sea safe from enemy raiders." + }, + { + "id": 4969, + "la": "Item C Sallustium Crispum praetorem ad Cercinam insulam versus, quam adversarii tenebant, cum parte navium ire iubet, quod ibi magnum numerum frumenti esse audiebat", + "en": "He likewise ordered the praetor C. Sallustius Crispus to proceed with a detachment of ships to the island of Cercina, which was under enemy occupation, as he heard that there was a great quantity of corn there." + }, + { + "id": 4970, + "la": "Haec ita imperabat unicuique, ita praecipiebat uti fieri posset necne locum excusatio nullum haberet nec moram tergiversatio", + "en": "These orders and instructions he issued to each individual in such terms as to rule out any excuses as to whether or not they could be carried out, and to prevent any shuffling involving delay." + }, + { + "id": 4971, + "la": "Ipse interea ex perfugis et incolis cognitis condicionibus Scipionis et qui cum eo bellum contra se gerebant, miserari'regium enim equitatum Scipio ex provincia Africa alebat'tanta homines esse dementia ut malint regis esse vectigales quam cum civibus in patria in suis fortunis esse incolumes", + "en": "Meanwhile he himself learned from deserters and the local inhabitants of the terms entered into by Scipio and his supporters who were engaged in hostilities against him'Scipio was in point of fact maintaining a royal1 cavalry force at the expense of the province of Africa; and he felt sorry that men could be so mad as to prefer to be the hirelings of a king to being in their own country, in the company of their own citizens, secure in the possession of their own fortunes." + }, + { + "id": 4972, + "la": "Caesar a d IIII Non Ian castra movet;", + "en": "On January 2nd Caesar moved his camp." + }, + { + "id": 4973, + "la": "Lepti sex cohortium praesidio cum Saserna relicto ipse rursus unde pridie venerat Ruspinam cum reliquis copiis convertit ibique sarcinis exercitus relictis ipse cum expedita manu proficiscitur circum villas frumentatum oppidanisque imperat ut plaustra iumentaque omnia sequantur", + "en": "Leaving behind at Leptis a garrison of six cohorts with Saserna, he himself returned with his remaining forces back to Ruspina, whence he had come the previous day. There the armys baggage was left, and he himself set out with a force in light order to forage round the farms, issuing instructions to the townsfolk that all their carts and draught animals must go with him;" + }, + { + "id": 4974, + "la": "Itaque magno numero frumenti invento Ruspinam redit", + "en": "and so, after finding a large quantity of corn, he returned to Ruspina." + }, + { + "id": 4975, + "la": "Huc eum idcirco existimo recepisse, ut maritima oppida post se ne vacua relinqueret praesidioque firmata ad classim receptacula muniret", + "en": "His object in returning to this town2 was, I imagine, to avoid leaving the coastal towns behind him unoccupied, but rather, by securing them with garrisons, to fortify them as strongholds for the reception of his fleet." + }, + { + "id": 4976, + "la": "Itaque ibi relicto P Saserna, fratre eius quem Lepti in proximo oppido reliquerat, cum legione, iubet comportari ligna in oppidum quam plurima; ipse cum cohortibus VII, quae ex veteranis legionibus in classe cum Sulpicio et Vatinio rem gesserant, ex oppido Ruspina egressus proficiscitur ad portum, qui abest ab oppido milia passuum duo, ibique classem sub vesperum cum ea copia conscendit", + "en": "And so, leaving behind a legion under command of P. Saserna'brother of the man he had left in the nearby town of Leptis'with instructions that as much wood as possible should be conveyed into the town, he left the town of Ruspina and made for its harbour, which is two miles distant. With him he took seven cohorts which were drawn from veteran legions and had seen service aboard the fleet with Sulpicius and Vatinius;3 and having reached the harbour he went aboard his fleet with this force as evening was approaching." + }, + { + "id": 4977, + "la": "Omnibus in exercitu insciis et requirentibus imperatoris consilium, magno metu ac tristimonia sollicitabantur", + "en": "There was not a man in the army who knew the plans of the commander-in-chief, not a man but sought eagerly to know them; and in their ignorance they were all filled with anxiety, grave alarm and depression." + }, + { + "id": 4978, + "la": "Parva enim cum copia et ea tironum, neque omni exposita, in Africa contra magnas copias et insidiosae nationis equitatum innumerabilem se expositos videbant neque quicquam solati in praesentia neque auxili in suorum consilio animum advertebant, nisi in ipsius imperatoris vultu, vigore mirabilique hilaritate;", + "en": "For they saw themselves landed in Africa with a tiny force'and that too of recruits, and not all of it disembarked'pitted against large forces including the limitless cavalry of a treacherous race; nor could they discern anything to console them in their present plight, no help in the counsels of their comrades'no help at all, save in the expression of their commander himself, and his energy and remarkable cheerfulness;" + }, + { + "id": 4979, + "la": "animum enim altum et erectum prae se gerebat", + "en": "for he displayed a high and buoyant spirit." + }, + { + "id": 4980, + "la": "Huic adquiescebant homines et in eius scientia et consilio omnia sibi proclivia omnes fore sperabant", + "en": "It was in him that his men found peace of mind: his skill and resolution would, they all hoped, make everything run smoothly for them." + }, + { + "id": 4981, + "la": "Caesar una nocte in navibus consumpta iam caelo albente cum proficisci conaretur, subito navium pars de qua timebat ex errore eodem conferebatur", + "en": "After spending one night aboard his fleet Caesar was proceeding to set out at the first pale light of dawn, when suddenly the squadron about which he was apprehensive sought haven there from its wanderings." + }, + { + "id": 4982, + "la": "Hac re cognita Caesar celeriter de navibus imperat omnis egredi atque in litore armatos reliquos advenientis milites exspectare", + "en": "On learning of this, Caesar promptly ordered everyone to disembark and, drawn up under arms on the beach, to await the arrival of the rest of his troops." + }, + { + "id": 4983, + "la": "Itaque sine mora navibus eis in portum receptis et advectis militum equitumque copiis rursus ad oppidum Ruspinam redit atque ibi castris constitutis ipse cum cohortibus expeditis XXX frumentatum est profectus", + "en": "And so when these ships had been brought without delay into port, with their cargo of infantry and cavalry, Caesar once again returned to the town of Ruspina, drew up his camp there, and then set out himself with thirty cohorts in light order to forage." + }, + { + "id": 4984, + "la": "Ex eo est cognitum Caesaris consilium, illum cum classe, navibus onerariis quae deerrassent subsidio ire clam hostibus voluisse, ne casu imprudentes suae naves in classem adversariorum inciderent, neque eam rem eos voluisse scire qui in praesidiis relicti sui milites fuissent, ne hi propter suorum paucitatem et hostium multitudinem metu deficerent", + "en": "As a result of this Caesars plan now became known: it had been his intention to go with his fleet to the assistance of those transports which had gone astray, but to do so without the enemys knowing of it, lest by chance his own ships might run unawares against his opponents fleet; nor had he wanted his own troops left behind on guard to know of this plan, lest, on account of their own small numbers and the multitude of the enemy, fear should make them fail in their duty." + }, + { + "id": 4985, + "la": "Interim cum iam Caesar progressus esset a castris circiter milia passuum III, per speculatores et antecessores equites nuntiatur ei copias hostium haud longe ab sese visas", + "en": "Meanwhile, when Caesar had now advanced about three miles from his camp, information obtained by his scouts and mounted patrols reached him that the enemys forces had been sighted by them at no great distance." + }, + { + "id": 4986, + "la": "Et hercule cum eo nuntio pulvis ingens conspici coeptus est", + "en": "And indeed simultaneously with that information they began to see a great cloud of dust." + }, + { + "id": 4987, + "la": "Hac re cognita Caesar celeriter iubet equitatum universum, cuius copiam habuit in praesentia non magnam, et sagittarios, quorum parvus numerus, ex castris arcessi atque ordinatim signa se leniter consequi; ipse antecedere cum paucis armatis", + "en": "On learning this, Caesar promptly gave orders for his entire cavalry force'of which arm he had no great abundance available at the moment'and his small contingent of archers to be summoned from the camp, and for the standards to follow him slowly in their regular order: he himself went on ahead with a small armed party." + }, + { + "id": 4988, + "la": "Iamque cum procul hostis conspici posset, milites in campo iubet galeari et ad pugnam parari; quorum omnino numerus fuit XXX cohortium cum equitibus CCCC, sagittariis CL", + "en": "Now that the enemy could be seen in the distance, he ordered the troops to don their helmets and prepare for battle in the open plain: their total number comprised thirty cohorts, together with four hundred1 cavalry and one hundred-and-fifty archers." + }, + { + "id": 4989, + "la": "Hostes interim, quorum dux erat Labienus et duo Pacidei, aciem derigunt mirabili longitudine non peditum sed equitum Confertam, et inter eos levis armaturae Numidas et sagittarios pedites interposuerant et ita condensaverant ut procul Caesariani pedestris copias arbitrarentur;", + "en": "Meanwhile the enemy, led by Labienus2 and the two Pacidei, deployed a straight line of remarkable length and closely packed, not with infantry, but with cavalry, interspersed with light-armed Numidians and unmounted archers in such close formation that at a distance Caesars men supposed them to be infantry:" + }, + { + "id": 4990, + "la": "dextrum ac sinistrum cornu magnis equitum copiis firmaverant", + "en": "the two wings'to right and left'were reinforced with strong detachments of cavalry." + }, + { + "id": 4991, + "la": "Interim Caesar aciem derigit simplicem, ut poterat propter paucitatem;", + "en": "Meanwhile Caesar deployed a single straight line'the most his small numbers allowed;" + }, + { + "id": 4992, + "la": "sagittarios ante aciem constituit, equites dextro sinistroque cornu opponit et ita praecipit ut providerent ne multitudine equitatus hostium circumvenirentur: existimabat enim se acie instructa cum pedestribus copiis dimicaturum", + "en": "he drew up his archers in front of the line and posted cavalry to cover his right and left wings, with instructions to take care they were not enveloped by the mass of the enemys cavalry; for he supposed that he would be engaging infantry troops in the set battle line." + }, + { + "id": 4993, + "la": "Cum utrimque exspectatio fieret neque Caesar sese moveret et cum suorum paucitate contra magnam vim hostium artificio magis quam viribus decernendum videret, subito adversariorum equitatus sese extendere et in latitudinem promovere collisque complecti et Caesaris equitatum extenuare simulque ad circumeundum comparare se coeperant", + "en": "There was now on either side a growing feeling of expectancy; but Caesar made no move and saw that the smallness of his own forces called for the use of strategy rather than a trial of strength against the vast numbers of the enemy; when suddenly his opponents cavalry began to deploy, extending towards the flanks and enveloping the high ground, causing Caesars cavalry to lengthen and weaken their formation, and preparing simultaneously for an encircling movement." + }, + { + "id": 4994, + "la": "Caesariani equites eorum multitudinem aegre sustinebant", + "en": "Caesars cavalry found it difficult to bear up against their vast numbers." + }, + { + "id": 4995, + "la": "Acies interim mediae cum concurrere conarentur, subito ex condensis turmis pedites Numidae levis armaturae cum equitibus procurrunt et inter legionarios pedites iacula coiciunt", + "en": "Meanwhile as the two centres were proceeding to charge one another, suddenly from out of the closely packed squadrons the light-armed Numidian infantry doubled forward alongside the cavalry and hurled their javelins among the infantry of the legions." + }, + { + "id": 4996, + "la": "Hic cum Caesariani in eos impetum fecissent, illorum equites refugiebant; pedites interim resistebant, dum equites rursus cursu renovato peditibus suis succurrerent", + "en": "Hereupon Caesars men launched an attack upon them and their cavalry took to flight; but the infantry stood their ground meantime, until the cavalry should renew their charge and return to succour their own infantry." + }, + { + "id": 4997, + "la": "Caesar novo genere pugnae oblato cum animum adverteret ordines suorum in procurrendo turbari'pedites enim, dum equites longius a signis persequuntur, latere nudato a proximis Numidis iaculis vulnerabantur; equites autem hostium pilum militis cursu facile vitabant'edicit per ordines ne quis miles ab signis IIII pedes longius procederet", + "en": "Caesar was now confronted with novel tactics and observed that his mens formation was becoming disorganised as they ran forward to attack'the infantry in fact, exposing their flank as they advanced in pursuit of the cavalry too far from the standards, were suffering casualties from the javelins of the nearest Numidians; whereas the enemy cavalry easily eluded by their speed the heavy infantry javelin. Accordingly, he had the order passed down the ranks that no soldier should advance more" + }, + { + "id": 4998, + "la": "Equitatus interim Labieni suorum multitudine confisus Caesaris paucitatem circuire conatur: equites Iuliani pauci multitudine hostium defessi equis convulneratis paulatim cedere; hostes magis magisque instare", + "en": "than four feet from the standards. Meanwhile the cavalry of Labienus, relying on the large numbers on their own side, endeavoured to surround Caesars scanty force; and the mere handful of Julian cavalry, worn out by the enemy hordes, their horses wounded, gave ground little by little, while the enemy pressed on them more and more." + }, + { + "id": 4999, + "la": "Ita puncto temporis omnibus legionariis ab hostium equitatu circumventis Caesarisque copiis in orbem compulsis intra cancellos omnes coniecti pugnare cogebantur", + "en": "Thus in a moment all the legionaries were surrounded by the enemy cavalry, and Caesars forces were compressed into a circle; and so they were all compelled to fight penned behind bars as it were." + }, + { + "id": 5000, + "la": "Labienus in equo capite nudo versari in prima acie; simul suos cohortari, non numquam legionarios Caesaris ita appellare:", + "en": "Labienus rode bare-headed up and down the front line, encouraging his own men the while and occasionally accosting Caesars legionaries in such terms as these:" + }, + { + "id": 5001, + "la": "Quid tu, inquit, miles tiro? Tam feroculus es? Vos quoque iste verbis infatuavit? In magnum mehercule vos periculum impulit Misereor vestri.", + "en": "What are you up to, recruit? Quite the dashing little fellow, arent you? Have all of you too been made fools of by that fellows words? So help me, its a very dangerous situation he has driven you into. I feel sorry for you." + }, + { + "id": 5002, + "la": "Tum miles, Non sum, inquit, tiro, Labiene, sed de legione X veteranus.", + "en": "Im not a recruit, Labienus, replied one soldier, but a veteran of the Tenth legion." + }, + { + "id": 5003, + "la": "Tum Labienus, Non agnosco, inquit, signa decumanorum. Tum ait miles: Iam me qui sim intelleges;", + "en": "To this Labienus retorted: I dont recognise the standards of the Tenth. Then said the soldier: Youll soon see what Im made of." + }, + { + "id": 5004, + "la": "simul cassidem de capite deiecit, ut cognosci ab eo posset, atque ita pilum viribus contortum, dum in Labienum mittere contendit, equi graviter adverso pectori adfixit et ait:", + "en": "As he spoke the words he flung the helmet from his head so that the other could recognise him and, thus uncovered, brandished his heavy javelin with all his force, as he aimed it at Labienus: then plunging it violently full in the horses chest he said:" + }, + { + "id": 5005, + "la": "Labiene, decumanum militem qui te petit scito esse.", + "en": "That will teach you, Labienus, that its a soldier of the Tenth who is attacking you." + }, + { + "id": 5006, + "la": "Omnium tamen animi in terrorem coniecti, et maxime tironum: circumspicere enim Caesarem neque amplius facere nisi hostium iacula vitare", + "en": "All the troops, however, were demoralised, particularly the recruits, for they kept looking round for Caesar and contented themselves with dodging the enemy javelins." + }, + { + "id": 5007, + "la": "Caesar interim consilio hostium cognito iubet aciem in longitudinem quam maximam porrigi et alternis conversis cohortibus, ut una post, altera ante signa tenderet, ita coronam hostium dextro sinistroque cornu mediam dividit et unam partem ab altera exclusam equitibus intrinsecus adortus cum peditatu telis coniectis in fugam vertit neque longius progressus veritus insidias se ad suos recipit;", + "en": "Meanwhile Caesar, aware of the enemys tactics, gave orders for the line to be extended to its maximum length, and for every other cohort to turn about, so that one was facing to the rear of the standards, while the next one faced to their front. By this means with his right and left wing he split in half the encircling enemy force; and having isolated one half from the other with his cavalry, proceeded to attack it from inside with his infantry, turning it to flight with volleys of missiles: then, after advancing no great distance for fear of ambush, he retired to his own lines." + }, + { + "id": 5008, + "la": "idem altera pars equitum peditumque Caesaris fecit", + "en": "The other half of Caesars cavalry and infantry carried out the same tactics." + }, + { + "id": 5009, + "la": "His rebus gestis ac procul hostibus repulsis convulneratisque ad sua praesidia sese, sicut erat instructus, recipere coepit", + "en": "This task accomplished and the enemy being driven far back with heavy casualties, Caesar began to retire to his own defence positions, maintaining battle formation." + }, + { + "id": 5010, + "la": "Interim M Petreius et Cn Piso cum equitibus Numidis MDC electis peditatuque eiusdem generis satis grandi ex itinere recta subsidio suis occurrunt", + "en": "Meanwhile M. Petreius and Cn. Piso arrived with Numidian troops'sixteen hundred picked cavalry and a fairly considerable force of infantry'and immediately on arrival hastened straight to the aid of their comrades." + }, + { + "id": 5011, + "la": "Atque hostes suis ex terrore firmatis rursusque renovatis animis legionarios conversis equitibus recipientes novissimos adoriri et impedire coeperunt quo minus se in castra reciperent", + "en": "And so the enemy, putting their fears aside and taking fresh heart and courage, wheeled their cavalry round and began to attack the rear of the retreating legionaries and to hinder their withdrawal to camp." + }, + { + "id": 5012, + "la": "Hac re animadversa Caesar iubet signa converti et medio campo redintegrari proelium", + "en": "Observing this, Caesar ordered to turn about and renew the battle in the middle of the plain." + }, + { + "id": 5013, + "la": "Cum ab hostibus eodem modo pugnaretur nec comminus ad manus rediretur Caesarisque equites iumenta ex nausea recenti, siti, languore, paucitate, vulneribus defatigata ad insequendum hostem perseverandumque cursum tardiora haberent dieique pars exigua iam reliqua esset,", + "en": "As the enemy repeated the same manoeuvre, but without any return to hand-to-hand fighting, and as Caesars cavalry found that their horses, worn out with the effects of recent seasickness, thirst and the fatigue and wounds sustained in their unequal contest, were now more reluctant to keep doggedly on the move in pursuit of the enemy, and as there was now but a little daylight left," + }, + { + "id": 5014, + "la": "cohortibus equitibusque circumdatis cohortatur ut uno ictu contenderent neque remitterent, donec ultra ultimos collis hostis reppulissent atque eorum essent potiti", + "en": "Caesar urged his encircled cohorts and cavalry to make one vigorous thrust and not give up until they had driven the enemy back beyond the furthest high ground and gained possession of the latter." + }, + { + "id": 5015, + "la": "Itaque signo dato cum iam hostes languide tela neglegenterque mitterent, subito immittit cohortis turmasque suorum;", + "en": "And so, waiting to give the signal until the enemys volleys of missiles were half-hearted and inaccurate, he suddenly let loose some cohorts and squadrons of his own troops upon them." + }, + { + "id": 5016, + "la": "atque puncto temporis hostibus nullo negotio campo pulsis post collemque deiectis nacti locum atque ibi paulisper commorati, ita uti erant instructi leniter se ad suas recipiunt munitiones", + "en": "In a moment the enemy were driven without trouble off the plain and thrown back behind the high ground, and Caesars men had gained the position; then, after a brief pause there, they retired slowly in battle formation to their own fortifications." + }, + { + "id": 5017, + "la": "Itemque adversarii male accepti tum demum se ad sua praesidia contulerunt", + "en": "Their opponents likewise, after this warm reception, then at length withdrew to their own positions." + }, + { + "id": 5018, + "la": "Interim ea re gesta et proelio dirempto ex adversariis perfugere plures ex omni genere hominum, et praeterea intercepti hostium complures equites peditesque", + "en": "Meanwhile after this engagement had taken place and when the action had been broken off, quite a number of all ranks of the opposing side deserted to Caesar, and in addition not a few of the enemy cavalry and infantry were taken prisoner." + }, + { + "id": 5019, + "la": "Ex quibus cognitum est consilium hostium, eos hac mente et conatu venisse ut novo atque inusitato genere proeli tirones legionarii paucique perturbati Curionis exemplo ab equitatu circumventi opprimerentur,", + "en": "From them the enemys plan became known. He had come with the intention of trying out new and unfamiliar battle tactics upon Caesars legionaries, in order that'raw recruits and few in numbers as they were'they should be demoralised thereby, and be enveloped and crushed by the cavalry, as Curio had been;" + }, + { + "id": 5020, + "la": "et ita Labienum dixisse pro contione, tantam se multitudinem auxiliorum adversariis Caesaris sumministraturum ut etiam caedendo in ipsa victoria defatigati vincerentur atque a suis superarentur, quippe qui sine illorum ope sibi confideret, primum quod audierat Romae legiones veteranas dissentire neque in Africam velle transire;", + "en": "and Labienus had spoken to this effect to his troops on parade, that he would furnish Caesars opponents with so vast a number of auxiliaries that Caesars men would be quite exhausted even with killing them, and so would be vanquished in the very hour of victory, and mastered by his forces. In fact, quite apart from the aid of those auxiliaries, he had reason for self-confidence: first because he had heard that at Rome the veteran legions were mutinous and refusing to cross into Africa;" + }, + { + "id": 5021, + "la": "deinde quod triennio in Africa suos milites retentos consuetudine fidelis sibi iam effecisset, maxima autem auxilia haberet Numidarum equitum levisque armaturae,", + "en": "next because he had kept his own troops in Africa for three years: they were acclimatised and he had now secured their loyalty to himself; he had, moreover, very large auxiliary forces composed of Numidian cavalry and light-armed troops and," + }, + { + "id": 5022, + "la": "praeterea ex fuga proelioque Pompeiano Labienus quos secum a Buthroto transportaverat equites Germanos Gallosque ibique postea ex hibridis, libertinis servisque conscripserat, armaverat equoque uti frenato condocuerat,", + "en": "besides these, the German and Gallic cavalry which, after the defeat and rout of Pompeius, he, Labienus, had brought across with him from Buthrotum, as well as those which he had levied later on in Africa from half-castes, freedmen and slaves, and had armed and taught to handle a bridled horse:" + }, + { + "id": 5023, + "la": "praeterea regia auxilia, elephantis CXX equitatuque innumerabili, deinde legiones conscriptas ex cuiusquemodi generis amplius XII milibus", + "en": "he had in addition royal auxiliary forces, as well as a hundred and twenty elephants and innumerable cavalry; and finally, legions raised from more than twelve thousand men of every type." + }, + { + "id": 5024, + "la": "Hac spe atque ea audacia inflammatus Labienus cum equitibus Gallis Germanisque MDC, Numidarum sine frenis VIII milibus, praeterea Petreiano auxilio adhibito equitibus MDC, peditum ac levis armaturae quater tanto, sagittariis ac funditoribus hippotoxotisque compluribus:", + "en": "On such considerations was based the reckless confidence that fired Labienus, with his sixteen hundred Gallic and German cavalry, his eight thousand Numidians who rode without bridles, reinforced in addition by the cavalry contingent of Petreius, sixteen hundred strong, and with his infantry and light-armed force, four times as big, and with his numerous archers, slingers and mounted archers." + }, + { + "id": 5025, + "la": "his copiis pridie Non Ian., post diem VI quam Africam Caesar attigit, in campis planissimis purissimisque ab hora diei quinta usque ad solis occasum est decertatum", + "en": "These were the forces which on January 4th, five days after Caesar reached Africa, on a perfectly flat and unimpeded plain were engaged in a contest from the fifth hour of the day continuously till sundown." + }, + { + "id": 5026, + "la": "In eo proelio Petreius graviter ictus ex acie recessit", + "en": "In that battle Petreius was gravely wounded and retired from the field." + }, + { + "id": 5027, + "la": "Caesar interim castra munire diligentius, praesidia firmare copiis maioribus vallumque ab oppido Ruspina usque ad mare ducere et a castris alterum eodem, quo tutius ultro citroque commeare auxiliaque sine periculo sibi succurrere possent, tela tormentaque ex navibus in castra comportare, remigum partem ex classe, Gallorum, Rhodiorum epibatarumque armare et in castra evocare uti,", + "en": "Meanwhile Caesar fortified his camp with greater care, strengthened its defences by manning them with larger forces, and carried an entrenchment from the town of Ruspina right to the sea, and a second from his camp likewise to the sea: his purpose was to ensure safer communication in both directions and to enable his reinforcements to come up to his support without danger. He brought missiles and artillery from the ships into his camp, and armed some of the Gallic and Rhodian rowers and marines from the fleet and summoned them to camp, in order that," + }, + { + "id": 5028, + "la": "si posset, eadem ratione qua adversarii levis armatura interiecta inter equites suos interponeretur, sagittariisque ex omnibus navibus Ityreis, Syris et cuiusque generis ductis in castra compluribus frequentabat suas copias'", + "en": "if possible, on the same principle which his opponents had employed, light-armed troops should be interspersed at intervals among his cavalry. From all his ships he brought archers into camp'Ityreans, Syrians and men of divers races'and thronged his forces with numerous drafts of them;" + }, + { + "id": 5029, + "la": "audiebat enim Scipionem post diem tertium eius diei quo proelium factum erat appropinquare, copias suas cum Labieno et Petreio coniungere;", + "en": "for he heard that on the second day after the battle was fought Scipio was approaching and uniting his forces'reported to comprise eight legions and three thousand cavalry'with those of Labienus and Petreius." + }, + { + "id": 5030, + "la": "cuius copiae legionum VIII et equitum III milium esse nuntiabantur'officinas ferrarias instruere, sagittas telaque ut fierent complura curare, glandis fundere, sudis comparare, litteras in Siciliam nuntiosque mittere, ut sibi cratis materiemque congererent ad arietes, cuius inopia in Africa esset, praeterea ferrum, plumbum mitteretur", + "en": "He also established smithies, took steps to ensure a plentiful supply of arrows and missile-weapons, cast leaden bullets, collected stakes, and sent couriers with despatches to Sicily bidding them build up for his use stocks of hurdles and timber for battering-rams'timber was scarce in Africa'and in addition send him iron and lead." + }, + { + "id": 5031, + "la": "Etiam animum advertebat frumento se in Africa nisi importaticio uti non posse: priore anno enim propter adversariorum dilectus, quod stipendiarii aratores milites essent facti, messem non esse factam;", + "en": "He realised, moreover, that no corn could be available for his use in Africa unless it was imported; for there had been no harvest the previous year on account of the levies held by his opponents and the fact that the farmers, being tributary subjects of Rome, had been called up for military service:" + }, + { + "id": 5032, + "la": "praeterea ex omni Africa frumentum adversarios in pauca oppida et bene munita comportasse omnemque regionem Africae exinanisse frumento, oppida praeter ea pauca quae ipsi suis praesidiis tueri poterant reliqua dirui ac deseri, et eorum incolas intra sua praesidia coegisse commigrare, agros desertos ac vastatos esse", + "en": "moreover, his opponents had collected corn from the whole of Africa and conveyed it into a few well-fortified towns, and every corner of Africa was thus ransacked of corn; and apart from those few towns which his opponents were able to defend themselves with their own garrisons, the rest were being destroyed and abandoned: their inhabitants had been compelled to migrate to the shelter of the enemy garrisons, and their lands were now abandoned and laid waste." + }, + { + "id": 5033, + "la": "Hac necessitate Caesar coactus privatos ambiendo et blande appellando aliquantum numerum frumenti in sua praesidia congesserat et eo parce utebatur", + "en": "Under stress of this emergency Caesar had, by soliciting private individuals with touching appeals, amassed a certain amount of corn in his garrisons, and this he was using sparingly." + }, + { + "id": 5034, + "la": "Opera interim ipse cotidie circuire et alteras cohortis in statione habere propter hostium multitudinem", + "en": "Meanwhile every day he went round the field-works in person, and doubled the number of cohorts on guard duty in view of the large numbers of the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 5035, + "la": "Labienus saucios suos, quorum numerus maximus fuit, iubet in plaustris deligatos Hadrumetum deportari", + "en": "Labienus gave orders that his wounded, who were very numerous, should have their wounds dressed and then be carried in carts to Hadrumetum." + }, + { + "id": 5036, + "la": "Naves interim Caesaris onerariae errabundae male vagabantur incertae locorum atque castrorum suorum; quas singulas scaphae adversariorum complures adortae incendebant atque expugnabant", + "en": "Meanwhile some of Caesars transports were cruising aimlessly about, badly off their course in their uncertain knowledge of the area and the position of his camp; and one by one they were set upon by a number of enemy pinnaces and set on fire or boarded." + }, + { + "id": 5037, + "la": "Hac re nuntiata Caesar classis circum insulas portusque disposuit, quo tutius commeatus supportari posset", + "en": "When this was reported to Caesar he posted squadrons round the islands and harbours to enable his supplies to be convoyed with greater safety." + }, + { + "id": 5038, + "la": "M Cato interim, qui Uticae praeerat, Cn Pompeium filium multis verbis assidueque obiurgare non desistebat,", + "en": "Meanwhile M. Cato, who was in command at Utica, never left off assailing Cn. Pompeius, the son, with long and constant speeches of reproof." + }, + { + "id": 5039, + "la": "Tuus, inquit, pater istuc aetatis cum esset et animadvertisset rem publicam ab nefariis sceleratisque civibus oppressam bonosque aut interfectos aut exsilio multatos patria civitateque carere,", + "en": "When your father was your age, he said, he perceived that the state was oppressed by wicked and vicious citizens, and that loyal men had either been put to death or else, punished by exile, were deprived of their country and civic rights." + }, + { + "id": 5040, + "la": "gloria et animi magnitudine elatus privatus atque adulescentulus paterni exercitus reliquiis collectis paene oppressam funditus et deletam Italiam urbemque Romanam in libertatem vindicavit, idemque Siciliam, Africam, Numidiam, Mauretaniam mirabili celeritate armis recepit", + "en": "Whereupon, carried away by his ambition and the nobility of his nature, though a mere private citizen and a callow youth, he mustered the remnants of his fathers army and emancipated Italy and the city of Rome when they were all but utterly overwhelmed and destroyed; and likewise he recovered Sicily, Africa, Numidia and Mauretania by force of arms with astonishing speed." + }, + { + "id": 5041, + "la": "Quibus ex rebus sibi eam dignitatem quae est per gentis clarissima notissimaque conciliavit adulescentulusque atque eques Romanus triumphavit", + "en": "By these achievements he won himself that prestige of his which in lustre and in fame is unequalled throughout the world, and, albeit a mere youth and a Roman knight, celebrated a triumph." + }, + { + "id": 5042, + "la": "Atque ille non ita amplis rebus patris gestis neque tam excellenti dignitate maiorum parta neque tantis clientelis nominisque claritate praeditus in rem publicam est ingressus", + "en": "And in his case his father had not the same imposing record as your father has, nor had he inherited from his ancestors the same position of eminent distinction, nor was he endowed with such influential ties of clientship or with a famous name, when he entered public life." + }, + { + "id": 5043, + "la": "Tu contra et patris nobilitate et dignitate et per te ipse satis animi magnitudine diligentiaque praeditus nonne eniteris et proficisceris ad paternas clientelas auxilium tibi reique publicae atque optimo cuique efflagitatum?", + "en": "Whereas in your case not only are you endowed with the fame and prestige of your father, but you yourself are also adequately endowed on your own account with nobility of nature and with earnestness. Will you not therefore make an effort and set out in quest of your fathers clients to demand their assistance for yourself, for the state and for every loyal citizen?" + }, + { + "id": 5044, + "la": "His verbis hominis gravissimi incitatus adulescentulus cum naviculis cuiusquemodi generis XXX, inibi paucis rostratis, profectus ab Utica in Mauretaniam regnumque Bogudis est ingressus expeditoque exercitu servorum, liberorum II milium numero, cuius partem inermem, partem habuerat armatam, ad oppidum Ascurum accedere coepit;", + "en": "These words, coming from a man of the greatest authority, spurred on the youth. Taking with him thirty small ships of every type, including a few equipped with beaks, he set out from Utica and invaded Mauretania and the kingdom of Bogud.Dec. (?) 47. With an army in light order comprising two thousand slaves and freedmen, some with arms, some without, he proceeded to approach the town of Ascurum," + }, + { + "id": 5045, + "la": "in quo oppido praesidium fuit regium", + "en": "where there was a royal garrison." + }, + { + "id": 5046, + "la": "Pompeio adveniente oppidani, usque eo passi propius accedere donec ad ipsas portas ac murum appropinquaret, subito eruptione facta prostratos perterritosque Pompeianos in mare navisque passim compulerunt", + "en": "As Pompeius drew near, the townsfolk allowed him to come closer and closer until he was actually approaching the very gates and the town wall: then suddenly they made a sally and drove the crushed and panic-stricken Pompeians back wholesale to the sea and their ships." + }, + { + "id": 5047, + "la": "Ita re male gesta Cn Pompeius filius navis inde avertit neque postea litus attigit classemque ad insulas Balearis versus convertit", + "en": "After this reverse Cn. Pompeius, the son, withdrew his fleet from there and without touching land again set course with his fleet towards the Balearic Islands." + }, + { + "id": 5048, + "la": "Scipio interim cum eis copiis quas paulo ante demonstravimus Uticae grandi praesidio relicto profectus primum Hadrumeti castra ponit, deinde ibi paucos dies commoratus noctu itinere facto cum Labieni et Petrei copiis coniungit, atque unis castris factis III milia passuum longe considunt", + "en": "Meanwhile Scipio set out with the forces we enumerated a little earlier, leaving a considerable garrison behind at Utica, and pitched camp first at Hadrumetum. Then, after staying there a few days, he made a night march and joined up with the forces of Labienus and Petreius; whereupon they established themselves in a single camp three miles distant from Caesar.1" + }, + { + "id": 5049, + "la": "Equitatus interim eorum circum Caesaris munitiones vagari atque eos qui pabulandi aut aquandi gratia extra vallum progressi essent excipere: ita omnis adversarios intra munitiones continere", + "en": "Meanwhile their cavalry went roving round Caesars entrenchments, intercepting all such troops as had advanced beyond the rampart to forage or fetch water; and this had the effect of keeping all their opponents confined within their defences." + }, + { + "id": 5050, + "la": "Qua re Caesariani gravi annona sunt conflictati, ideo quod nondum neque ab Sicilia neque ab Sardinia commeatus supportatus erat neque per anni tempus in mari classes sine periculo vagari poterant;", + "en": "By these tactics Caesars men were afflicted with a severe scarcity of corn, for this reason that supplies had not so far been conveyed to him either from Sicily or Sardinia, and, on account of the season of the year, fleets could not move freely about the seas without risk;" + }, + { + "id": 5051, + "la": "neque amplius milia passuum VI terrae Africae quoquo versus tenebant pabulique inopia premebantur", + "en": "moreover, they occupied no more than six2 miles of African soil in any one direction, and were hard put to it for lack of fodder." + }, + { + "id": 5052, + "la": "Qua necessitate coacti veterani milites equitesque, qui multa terra marique bella confecissent et periculis inopiaque tali saepe essent conflictati, alga e litore collecta et aqua dulci eluta et ita iumentis esurientibus data vitam eorum producebant", + "en": "The urgency of this situation drove the veteran troops'infantry and cavalry'men who had gone through many campaigns by land and sea and had often been afflicted by hazards and similar privation, to collect seaweed from the beach, cleanse it in fresh water, and give it in this state to their famished beasts, thereby prolonging their lives." + }, + { + "id": 5053, + "la": "Dum haec ita fierent, rex Iuba cognitis Caesaris difficultatibus copiarumque paucitate'non est visum dari spatium convalescendi augendarumque eius opum: itaque comparatis equitum magnis peditumque copiis subsidio suis egressus e regno ire contendit", + "en": "While these events were taking place, king Juba, who was aware of Caesars difficulties and the small numbers of his forces, thought it advisable not to give him any respite for recruiting his strength or increasing his resources. And so, having got together large forces of cavalry and infantry, he departed from his kingdom and made haste to go to the assistance of his friends." + }, + { + "id": 5054, + "la": "P Sittius interim et rex Bochus coniunctis suis copiis cognito regis Iubae egressu propius eius regnum copias suas admovere, Cirtamque, oppidum opulentissimum eius regni, adortus paucis diebus pugnando capit et praeterea duo oppida Gaetulorum", + "en": "Meanwhile P. Sittius1 and king Bochus had united their forces and, learning of king Jubas departure, moved them closer to his kingdom. Sittius then attacked Cirta, the richest town of that kingdom, and after a few days fighting captured it, as well as two Gaetulian towns." + }, + { + "id": 5055, + "la": "Quibus cum condicionem ferret, ut oppido excederent idque sibi vacuum traderent, condicionemque repudiassent, postea ab eo capti interfectique sunt omnes", + "en": "When he offered them terms, proposing that they should evacuate the town and surrender it unoccupied to him, they refused the terms and were subsequently captured by Sittius and all put to death." + }, + { + "id": 5056, + "la": "Inde progressus agros oppidaque vexare non destitit", + "en": "Thereupon he advanced, ravaging both countryside and towns without ceasing." + }, + { + "id": 5057, + "la": "Quibus rebus cognitis Iuba cum iam non longe ab Scipione atque eius ducibus abesset, capit consilium satius esse sibi suoque regno subsidio ire quam, dum alios adiuturus proficisceretur, ipse suo regno expulsus forsitan utraque re expelleretur", + "en": "Juba got to know of this when he was now not far away from Scipio and his lieutenants, and came to the conclusion that it was better to go to the aid of himself and his own kingdom, rather than that, in the course of setting out to help others, he should himself be driven out of his own kingdom, and perhaps be thwarted in both fields." + }, + { + "id": 5058, + "la": "Itaque rursus recipere atque auxilia etiam ab Scipione abduxit sibi suisque rebus timens elephantisque XXX relictis suis finibus oppidisque suppetias profectus est", + "en": "Accordingly, he marched back again, withdrawing his auxiliary forces too from Scipio, in his alarm on account of himself and his own interests; and leaving thirty elephants behind with Scipio, he set forth to the relief of his own territory and towns." + }, + { + "id": 5059, + "la": "Caesar interim, cum de suo adventu dubitatio in provincia esset neque quisquam crederet ipsum sed aliquem legatum in Africam cum copiis venisse, conscriptis litteris circum provinciam omnis civitates facit de suo adventu certiores", + "en": "Meanwhile as there was some doubt in the province as to Caesars arrival, and nobody believed it was Caesar in person that had come to Africa with the forces, but rather some one of his lieutenants, he sent written despatches round the province informing all the communities of his personal arrival." + }, + { + "id": 5060, + "la": "Interim nobiles homines ex suis oppidis profugere et in castra Caesaris devenire et de adversariorum eius crudelitate acerbitateque commemorare coeperunt", + "en": "Meanwhile persons of note fled from their towns and sought refuge in Caesars camp and proceeded to quote instances of the cruelty and harshness of his opponents." + }, + { + "id": 5061, + "la": "Quorum lacrimis querelisque Caesar commotus, cum antea constituisset e stativis castris aestate inita cunctis copiis auxiliisque accitis bellum cum suis adversariis gerere, hieme gerere instituit, litteris celeriter in Siciliam ad Alienum et Rabirium Postumum conscriptis et per catascopum missis, ut sine mora ac nulla excusatione hiemis ventorumque quam celerrime exercitus sibi transportaretur:", + "en": "Their tears and complainings had no little effect on Caesar; and though he had previously decided to wait for the beginning of summer to muster all his forces and auxiliaries from their permanent quarters and wage war on his opponents, he now resolved on a winter campaign, promptly drafting a despatch to Alienus and Rabirius Postumus in Sicily, which he sent by a reconnaissance vessel, to the effect that an army must be shipped across to him as quickly as possible: there must be no delay and no excuses on the ground of wintry weather or adverse winds." + }, + { + "id": 5062, + "la": "Africam provinciam perire funditusque everti ab suis inimicis;", + "en": "The province of Africa, he wrote, was in its death throes, in the process of utter destruction at the hands of his foes;" + }, + { + "id": 5063, + "la": "quod nisi celeriter sociis foret subventum, praeter ipsam Africam terram nihil, ne tectum quidem quo se reciperent, ab eorum scelere insidiisque reliquum futurum", + "en": "and unless aid were promptly rendered to their allies, nothing save the very soil of Africa'not even a roof to give them shelter'would be left as the result of their enemies treacherous crimes." + }, + { + "id": 5064, + "la": "Atque ipse erat in tanta festinatione et exspectatione ut postero die quam misisset litteras nuntiumque in Siciliam classem exercitumque morari diceret, dies noctesque oculos mentemque ad mare dispositos directosque haberet", + "en": "Caesar himself was in such a ferment of impatient expectancy that on the day after he sent the messenger to Sicily with the despatch he kept saying that the fleet and army were dallying; and day and night he kept his eyes and attention bent and riveted upon the sea." + }, + { + "id": 5065, + "la": "Nec mirum: animadvertebat enim villas exuri, agros vastari, pecus diripi, trucidari, oppida castellaque dirui deserique, principes civitatum aut interfici aut in catenis teneri, liberos eorum obsidum nomine in servitutem abripi;", + "en": "And no wonder; for he perceived that farms were being burned to the ground, fields stripped, herds plundered or butchered, towns and strongholds destroyed and abandoned, and the principal citizens either murdered or held in chains, and their children haled off to slavery on the pretext of being hostages:" + }, + { + "id": 5066, + "la": "eis se miseris suamque fidem implorantibus auxilio propter copiarum paucitatem esse non posse", + "en": "yet to these folk, who in their misery implored his protection, he could give no assistance because his forces were so few." + }, + { + "id": 5067, + "la": "Milites interim in opere exercere atque castra munire, turris, castella facere molesque iacere in mare non intermittere", + "en": "Meanwhile he kept his troops continuously at work on their training, proceeded with the fortification of his camp, and went on without interruption constructing towers and redoubts and driving moles out into the sea." + }, + { + "id": 5068, + "la": "Scipio interim elephantos hoc modo condocefacere instituit", + "en": "Scipio meanwhile undertook the training of the elephants in the following manner." + }, + { + "id": 5069, + "la": "Duas instruxit acies, unam funditorum contra elephantos, quae quasi adversariorum locum obtineret et contra eorum frontem adversam lapillos minutos mitteret;", + "en": "He drew up two lines of battle: one line of slingers, facing the elephants, to take the place of the enemy and to discharge small stones against the opposing front formed by the elephants;" + }, + { + "id": 5070, + "la": "deinde in ordinem elephantos constituit, post illos autem suam aciem instruxit ut, cum ab adversariis lapides mitti coepissent et elephanti perterriti se ad suos convertissent, rursus ab sua acie lapidibus missis eos converterent adversus hostem", + "en": "next he arranged the elephants in line, and behind them drew up his own line so that, when the enemy proceeded to sling their stones and the elephants in their consequent panic wheeled round upon their own side, his men should receive them with a volley of stones, and so make them wheel round again away from his own line in the direction of the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 5071, + "la": "Quod aegre tardeque fiebat; rudes enim elephanti multorum annorum doctrina usuque vetusto vix edocti tamen communi periculo in aciem producuntur", + "en": "This method worked, though it was a difficult and slow process; for elephants are uncouth creatures, and it is difficult to get them fully trained even with many years training and long practice; and if they are led forth to battle, they are, for all their training, equally dangerous to both sides." + }, + { + "id": 5072, + "la": "Dum haec ad Ruspinam ab utrisque ducibus administrantur, C Vergilius praetorius, qui Thapsi oppido maritimo praeerat, cum animum advertisset navis singulas cum exercitu Caesaris incertas locorum atque castrorum suorum vagari, occasionem nactus navem quam ibi habuit actuariam complet militibus et sagittariis et eidem scaphas de navibus adiungit ac singulas navis Caesarianas consectari coepit", + "en": "While these dispositions were being made at Ruspina by the leaders on either side, the ex-praetor C. Vergilius, who was in charge of the coastal town of Thapsus, observed that ships carrying Caesars troops were sailing singly on no set course, due to their uncertain knowledge of the locality and of the position of his camp. He therefore seized the opportunity and manned with soldiers and archers a fast boat which he had there, to which he added some ships pinnaces, and with these he set about the pursuit of Caesars ships one by one." + }, + { + "id": 5073, + "la": "Et cum pluris adortus esset pulsus fugatusque inde discessisset nec tamen desisteret periclitari, forte incidit in navem, in qua erant duo Titii, Hispani adulescentes, tribuni legionis V., quorum patrem Caesar in senatum legerat, et cum his T Salienus, centurio legionis eiusdem, qui M Messallam legatum obsederat Messanae seditiosissima oratione apud eum usus idemque pecuniam et ornamenta triumphi Caesaris retinenda et custodienda curarat et ob has causas sibi timebat", + "en": "He had attacked several, only to be beaten off, put to flight and forced to quit the area, but even so was still persisting in his hazardous tactics, when chance led him to fall in with a ship which had on board two young Spaniards of the name of Titius'tribunes of the Fifth legion, whose father Caesar had caused to be elected to the Senate'as well as T. Salienus, a centurion of the same legion, who had laid siege to the house of M. Messalla,1 Caesars lieutenant, at Messana, employing in his presence the language of downright mutiny. This man had also been responsible for withholding under guard some money and trappings belonging to Caesars triumph, and for these reasons viewed his own prospects with misgiving." + }, + { + "id": 5074, + "la": "Hic propter conscientiam peccatorum suorum persuasit adulescentibus ne repugnarent seseque Vergilio traderent", + "en": "His own guilty conscience led him to persuade the young men to put up no resistance, but to surrender to Vergilius." + }, + { + "id": 5075, + "la": "Itaque deducti a Vergilio ad Scipionem custodibus traditi et post diem tertium sunt interfecti", + "en": "Accordingly they were escorted by Vergilius to Scipio, put under guard, and two days later put to death." + }, + { + "id": 5076, + "la": "Qui cum ducerentur ad necem, petisse dicitur maior Titius a centurionibus uti se priorem quam fratrem interficerent, idque ab eis facile impetrasse atque ita esse interfectos", + "en": "As they were being led to execution, the elder Titius, it is said, besought the centurions to put him to death before his brother, and was readily granted that request, and they were put to death in that order." + }, + { + "id": 5077, + "la": "Turmae interim equitum, quae pro vallo in stationibus esse solebant, cotidie minutis proeliis inter se depugnare non intermittunt;", + "en": "Meanwhile the squadrons of cavalry whose regular duty it was to be on guard in front of the rampart were engaging daily in incessant skirmishes with one another;" + }, + { + "id": 5078, + "la": "non numquam etiam Germani Gallique Labieniani cum Caesaris equitibus fide data inter se colloquebantur", + "en": "and there were also times when Labienus Germans and Gauls and Caesars cavalry exchanged pledges of good faith and conversed with one another." + }, + { + "id": 5079, + "la": "Labienus interim cum parte equitatus Leptim oppidum, cui praeerat Saserna cum cohortibus VI, oppugnare ac vi irrumpere conabatur;", + "en": "Meantime Labienus with part of his cavalry was endeavouring to assault and force his way into the town of Leptis, which was under command of Saserna with six cohorts;" + }, + { + "id": 5080, + "la": "Quod ubi saepius eius equitatus facere non intermittebat, et cum forte ante portam turma densa adstitisset, scorpione accuratius misso atque eorum decurione percusso et ad equum defixo reliqui perterriti fuga se in castra recipiunt", + "en": "But Labienus cavalry repeated these tactics fairly frequently and gave them no respite; and when it so chanced that a squadron had halted in massed formation in front of the gate, its captain was struck and pinned to his horse by a bolt discharged from a scorpion1 with unusually accurate aim. This so unnerved the rest that they withdrew in flight to their camp, too much daunted by it to resume their attempt upon the town thereafter." + }, + { + "id": 5081, + "la": "Quo facto postea sunt deterriti oppidum temptare", + "en": "but its defenders, thanks to the excellent fortifications of the town and the large number of their engines of war, defended it easily and without danger." + }, + { + "id": 5082, + "la": "Scipio interim fere cotidie non longe a suis castris passibus CCC instruere aciem ac maiore parte diei consumpta rursus in castra se recipere", + "en": "Meanwhile practically every day Scipio arrayed his line of battle at no great distance'three hundred paces'from his own camp, and then, when the greater part of the day was now spent, returned back again to camp." + }, + { + "id": 5083, + "la": "Quod cum saepius fieret neque ex Caesaris castris quisquam prodiret neque propius eius copias accederet, despecta Caesaris patientia exercitusque eius, universis copiis productis elephantisque turritis XXX ante aciem instructis, quam latissime potuit porrecta equitum peditumque multitudine uno tempore pro-gressus haud ita longe a Caesaris castris constitit in campo", + "en": "As this manoeuvre was carried out quite frequently without anyones issuing forth from Caesars camp or approaching closer to Scipios forces, the latter, holding scorn of the forbearance shewn by Caesar and his army, led forth his entire force, with thirty elephants equipped with towers drawn up in front of his line: then, advancing and simultaneously deploying to the widest possible extent his vast numbers of cavalry and infantry, he halted in the plain not so very far from Caesars camp." + }, + { + "id": 5084, + "la": "Quibus rebus cognitis Caesar iubet milites qui extra munitiones processerant pabulandi lignandique aut etiam muniendi gratia quique vallum petierant quaeque ad eam rem opus erant, omnis intra munitiones minutatim modesteque sine tumultu aut terrore se recipere atque in opere consistere", + "en": "When he learned of this Caesar gave orders that those troops who had gone forward outside the fortifications, whether to forage or fetch wood or even to work on the fortifications, as well as those who had been collecting stakes and what was needed for that work, should all retire within the fortifications'gradually and in a disciplined manner, without any fuss or alarm'and take their stand in the field-works." + }, + { + "id": 5085, + "la": "Equitibus autem qui in statione fuerant praecipit ut usque eo locum obtinerent in quo paulo ante constitissent donec ab hoste telum missum ad se perveniret;", + "en": "His instructions to the cavalry on guard were to go on holding the positions in which they had been posted a little earlier, until they should come within range of the enemys missiles:" + }, + { + "id": 5086, + "la": "quod si propius accederetur, quam honestissime se intra munitiones reciperent", + "en": "if the enemy advanced yet closer, they must then make as honourable a withdrawal as possible within the fortifications." + }, + { + "id": 5087, + "la": "Alii quoque equitatui edicit uti suo quisque loco paratus armatusque praesto esset", + "en": "As for the rest of the cavalry, they too had their orders'to be ready at hand, equipped and armed, each man in his proper place." + }, + { + "id": 5088, + "la": "At haec non ipse per se coram, cum de vallo prospecularetur, sed mirabili peritus scientia bellandi in praetorio sedens per speculatores et nuntios imperabat quae fieri volebat", + "en": "These orders, however, he did not issue personally on the spot, surveying the situation for himself from the rampart; but so remarkable was his skill and knowledge of warfare that, making use of look-outs and orderlies, he issued the instructions necessary for his purpose as he sat in his head-quarters." + }, + { + "id": 5089, + "la": "Animadvertebat enim, quamquam magnis essent copiis adversarii freti, tamen saepe a se fugatis, pulsis perterritisque et concessam vitam et ignota peccata;", + "en": "For he observed that, although his opponents were relying on the great size of their forces, yet they were the very men whom he himself had often routed, beaten back and utterly demoralised, only to spare their lives and forgive their misdemeanours;" + }, + { + "id": 5090, + "la": "quibus rebus numquam tanta suppeteret ex ipsorum inertia conscientiaque animi victoriae fiducia ut castra sua adoriri auderent", + "en": "in which circumstances, considering their own lack of initiative and their guilty conscience, they would never muster sufficient confidence in victory as to venture to attack his camp." + }, + { + "id": 5091, + "la": "Praeterea ipsius nomen auctoritasque magna ex parte eorum exercitus minuebat audaciam", + "en": "Moreover, his own name and prestige had, to a great extent, a sobering effect upon the reckless spirit of their army." + }, + { + "id": 5092, + "la": "Tum egregiae munitiones castrorum atque valli fossarumque altitudo et extra vallum stili caeci mirabilem in modum consiti vel sine defensoribus aditum adversariis prohibebant:", + "en": "Then again the exceptional defences of the camp'the height of the rampart, the depth of the ditches, and the concealed stakes outside the rampart, marvellously well planted'all these, even without defenders, served to deter the enemys approach;" + }, + { + "id": 5093, + "la": "scorpionum, catapultarum ceterorumque telorum quae ad defendendum solent parari magnam copiam habebat", + "en": "while as for scorpions, catapults and all the other normal weapons of defence, he had a plentiful supply of these." + }, + { + "id": 5094, + "la": "Atque haec propter exercitus sui praesentis paucitatem et tirocinium praeparaverat, non hostium vi et metu commotus patientem se timidumque hostium opinioni praebebat", + "en": "These he had prepared in advance in view of the small size and lack of experience of his army as it then was, and it was not because he was taken aback or dismayed at the enemys might that he showed himself'to the enemys thinking'long-suffering and timid." + }, + { + "id": 5095, + "la": "Neque idcirco copias, quamquam erant paucae tironumque, non educebat in aciem qui victoriae suae diffideret, sed referre arbitrabatur, cuiusmodi victoria esset futura;", + "en": "The reason why he would not lead his forces on to the field, few and inexperienced though they were, was not that he lacked confidence in his victory, but he considered the important question was'what manner of victory it would prove;" + }, + { + "id": 5096, + "la": "turpe enim sibi existimabat tot rebus gestis tantisque exercitibus devictis, tot tam claris victoriis partis, ab reliquis copiis adversariorum suorum ex fuga collectis se cruentam adeptum existimari victoriam", + "en": "for he thought it a personal slur if after all his achievements, after all the many brilliant victories he had won over such massive armies, men should look upon this victory as one gained only with much bloodshed over such remnants as his opponents had mustered from their routed forces." + }, + { + "id": 5097, + "la": "Itaque constituerat gloriam exsultationemque eorum pati, donec sibi veteranarum legionum pars aliqua in secundo commeatu occurrisset", + "en": "And so he had resolved to endure their boastful triumph until his second convoy should join him, including some portion of his veteran legions." + }, + { + "id": 5098, + "la": "Scipio interim paulisper, ut antea dixi, in eo loco commoratus, ut quasi despexisse Caesarem videretur, paulatim reducit suas copias in castra et contione advocata de terrore suo desperationeque exercitus Caesaris facit verba et cohortatus suos victoriam propriam se eis brevi daturum pollicetur", + "en": "Meanwhile Scipio lingered for a little while, as I mentioned earlier, in that postion, to create the impression that he had held Caesar virtually in contempt, and then gradually withdrew his forces to camp. There he paraded his troops and spoke to them of the dread which their own side inspired and the desperate attitude of Caesars army; and with such words of encouragement to his men he promised them that he would shortly give them a lasting victory." + }, + { + "id": 5099, + "la": "Caesar iubet milites rursus ad opus redire et per causam munitionum tirones in labore defatigare non intermittit", + "en": "Caesar ordered his troops to return once more to their duties and, on the pretext of the fortifications, kept his recruits constantly employed to the point of exhaustion." + }, + { + "id": 5100, + "la": "Interim Numidae Gaetulique diffugere cotidie ex castris Scipionis et partim in regnum se conferre, partim, quod ipsi maioresque eorum beneficio C Mari usi fuissent Caesaremque eius adfinem esse audiebant, in eius castra perfugere catervatim non intermittunt", + "en": "Meanwhile Numidians and Gaetulians were daily deserting from Scipios camp: the former betook themselves to Jubas kingdom, while the latter, because they themselves and their ancestors had been kindly treated by C. Marius1 and heard that Caesar was a relation of his, swarmed constantly for refuge into Caesars camp." + }, + { + "id": 5101, + "la": "Quorum ex numero electis hominibus inlustrioribus et litteris ad suos civis datis cohortatus uti manu facta se suosque defenderent, ne suis inimicis adversariisque dicto audientes essent, mittit", + "en": "From among their number Caesar chose certain more distinguished members, gave them letters for their fellow citizens, and so dismissed them, exhorting them to raise a force for the defence of themselves and their people, and not to submit passively to the dictates of their foes and opponents." + }, + { + "id": 5102, + "la": "Dum haec ad Ruspinam fiunt, legati ex Acylla, civitate libera et immuni, ad Caesarem veniunt seque paratos quaecumque imperasset et libenti animo facturos pollicentur;", + "en": "While these events were taking place at Ruspina, there came to Caesar envoys from Acylla, an independent state immune from taxes.1 They assured him that they would readily and gladly do whatever he might bid:" + }, + { + "id": 5103, + "la": "tantum orare et petere ab eo ut sibi praesidium daret, quo tutius id et sine periculo facere possent;", + "en": "they merely prayed and besought him to give them a garrison to enable them to do his bidding with the greater safety and without peril:" + }, + { + "id": 5104, + "la": "se et frumentum et quaecumque res eis suppeteret communis salutis gratia sumministraturos", + "en": "they would supply its members with corn and with all other adequate supplies for the sake of their common welfare." + }, + { + "id": 5105, + "la": "Quibus rebus facile a Caesare impetratis praesidioque dato, C Messium, aedilicia functum potestate, Acyllam iubet proficisci", + "en": "This request Caesar readily granted and gave them a garrison, ordering C. Messius, who had once held the office of aedile, to set out for Acylla." + }, + { + "id": 5106, + "la": "Quibus rebus cognitis Considius Longus, qui Hadrumeti cum duabus legionibus et equitibus DCC praeerat, celeriter ibi parte praesidi relicta cum VIII cohortibus ad Acyllam ire contendit", + "en": "On learning this, Considius Longus, who was in command at Hadrumetum with two legions and seven hundred cavalry, left part of his garrison force behind and, taking eight cohorts with him, promptly hastened off to Acylla." + }, + { + "id": 5107, + "la": "Messius celerius itinere confecto prior Acyllam cum cohortibus pervenit", + "en": "Messius completed his march more rapidly and was the first to arrive at Acylla with his cohorts." + }, + { + "id": 5108, + "la": "Considius interim cum ad urbem cum copiis accessisset et animadvertisset praesidium Caesaris ibi esse, non ausus periculum suorum facere nulla re gesta pro multitudine hominum rursus se Hadrumetum recepit;", + "en": "Whereupon Considius approached the city with his forces and observed that Caesars garrison was there; and not venturing to jeopardise his troops, retired back again to Hadrumetum without having achieved anything to warrant so large a force." + }, + { + "id": 5109, + "la": "deinde, paucis post diebus equestribus copiis a Labieno adductis, rursus Acyllitanos castris positis obsidere coepit", + "en": "Subsequently, when a few days later he had procured a contingent of cavalry from Labienus, he returned, pitched his camp and proceeded to lay siege to Acylla." + }, + { + "id": 5110, + "la": "Per id tempus C Sallustius Crispus, quem paucis ante diebus missum a Caesare cum classe demonstravimus, Cercinam pervenit", + "en": "It was during this time that C. Sallustius Crispus, who, as we have explained, had been despatched by Caesar with a fleet a few days earlier, arrived at Cercina." + }, + { + "id": 5111, + "la": "Cuius adventu C Decimius quaestorius, qui ibi cum grandi familiae suae praesidio praeerat commeatui, parvulum navigium nactus conscendit ac se fugae commendat", + "en": "On his arrival the ex-quaestor C. Decimius, who was controller of supplies there and was attended by a large escort composed of his own household slaves, went aboard a small boat he had got hold of and took to flight." + }, + { + "id": 5112, + "la": "Sallustius interim praetor a Cercinitanis receptus magno numero frumenti invento navis onerarias, quarum ibi satis magna copia fuit, complet atque in castra ad Caesarem mittit", + "en": "Meanwhile Sallustius, the praetor, was welcomed by the inhabitants of Cercina; and finding a large quantity of corn he loaded some merchant vessels'there was quite a large number of them there'and sent them to Caesar in his camp." + }, + { + "id": 5113, + "la": "Alienus interim pro consule Lilybaeo in navis onerarias imponit legionem XIII et XIIII et equites Gallos DCCC, funditorum sagittariorumque mille ac secundum commeatum in Africam mittit ad Caesarem", + "en": "Meanwhile at Lilybaeum the pro-consul Alienus embarked in transports the Thirteenth and Fourteenth legions, eight hundred Gallic cavalry and one thousand slingers and archers, and sent to Caesar in Africa his second convoy." + }, + { + "id": 5114, + "la": "Quae naves ventum secundum nactae quarto die in portum ad Ruspinam, ubi Caesar castra habuerat, incolumes pervenerunt", + "en": "With the wind behind them these ships arrived safely three days later at the harbour of Ruspina, the town where Caesar had his camp." + }, + { + "id": 5115, + "la": "Ita Caesar duplici laetitia ac voluptate uno tempore auctus, frumento auxiliisque, tandem suis hilaritis annonaque levata sollicitudinem deponit, legiones equitesque ex navibus egressos iubet ex languore nauseaque reficere, dimissos in castella munitionesque disponit", + "en": "This heartened Caesar, who experienced twofold pleasure and delight at thus simultaneously receiving both corn and reinforcements; and now that at last his troops were made cheerful and the corn problem was eased, he laid aside his cares, ordered his legions and cavalry to disembark and get over the effects of their lassitude and seasickness, and drafted them to the various forts and defended positions." + }, + { + "id": 5116, + "la": "Quibus rebus Scipio quique cum eo essent comites mirari et requirere: C Caesarem, qui ultro consuesset bellum inferre ac lacessere proelio, subito commutatum non sine magno consilio suspicabantur", + "en": "All this filled Scipio and his colleagues with wonder and curiosity; and they had a suspicion that some deep purpose must underlie this sudden transformation in the C. Caesar who had habitually taken the offensive hitherto and was always spoiling for a fight." + }, + { + "id": 5117, + "la": "Itaque ex eius patientia in magnum timorem coniecti ex Gaetulis duos quos arbitrabantur suis rebus amicissimos magnis praemiis pollicitationibusque propositis pro perfugis speculandi gratia in castra Caesaris mittunt", + "en": "And so, thrown into no little panic as a result of his forbearance, they chose from the Gaetulians two men whom they considered to be the staunchest supporters of their cause; and after offering them large rewards and making them generous promises, sent them in the guise of deserters on a spying mission into Caesars camp." + }, + { + "id": 5118, + "la": "Qui simul ad eum sunt deducti, petierunt ut sibi liceret verba sine periculo proloqui", + "en": "No sooner had these men been escorted to Caesar than they sought leave to speak out frankly without danger." + }, + { + "id": 5119, + "la": "Potestate facta, Saepenumero, inquiunt, imperator, complures Gaetuli, qui sumus clientes C Mari, et propemodum omnes cives Romani qui sunt in legione IIII et VI., ad te voluimus in tuaque praesidia confugere;", + "en": "That leave being granted, they said: Many of us Gaetulians, Commander-in-Chief, who are clients1 of C. Marius, and practically all the Roman citizens who are in the Fourth and Sixth legions have very often wanted to take refuge with you and resort to your protection;" + }, + { + "id": 5120, + "la": "sed custodiis equitum Numidarum quo id sine periculo minus faceremus impediebamur", + "en": "but we were prevented from doing so without hazard by the patrols of Numidian cavalry." + }, + { + "id": 5121, + "la": "Nunc data facultate ad te cupidissime venimus, pro speculatoribus missi ab Scipione ut perspiceremus num quae fossae aut insidiae elephantis ante castra portasque valli factae essent, simulque consilia vestra contra easdem bestias comparationemque pugnae cognosceremus atque eis renuntiaremus.", + "en": "But now that the chance has been given us we have come to you most eagerly. We were in fact sent by Scipio as spies to observe closely whether any trenches or traps had been made for the elephants in front of the camp and the gates of the rampart; and at the same time to ascertain your tactics against these same beasts and your dispositions for battle, and then report back to them." + }, + { + "id": 5122, + "la": "Qui collaudati a Caesare stipendioque donati ad reliquos perfugas deducuntur", + "en": "Caesar highly commended them, furnished them with pay, and had them taken to join the other deserters." + }, + { + "id": 5123, + "la": "Quorum orationem celeriter veritas comprobavit: namque postero die ex legionibus eis quas Gaetuli nominarunt milites legionarii complures ab Scipione in castra Caesaris perfugerunt", + "en": "Their statement was speedily verified by actual events; for on the next day quite a number of legionary troops from the legions mentioned by the Gaetulians deserted from Scipio to Caesars camp." + }, + { + "id": 5124, + "la": "Dum haec ad Ruspinam geruntur, M Cato, qui Uticae praeerat, dilectus cotidie libertinorum, Afrorum, servorum denique et cuiusquemodi generis hominum, qui modo per aetatem arma ferre poterant, habere atque sub manum Scipioni in castra summittere non intermittit", + "en": "While this was going on at Ruspina, M. Cato, the commander of Utica, was holding a constant succession of daily levies of freedmen, Africans, slaves even'any man, in fact, no matter of what class, so long as he was of an age to carry arms'and drafting them to Scipios camp to be at his disposal." + }, + { + "id": 5125, + "la": "Legati interim ex oppido Thysdrae, in quod tritici modium milia CCC comportata fuerant a negotiatoribus Italicis aratoribusque, ad Caesarem venire, quantaque copia frumenti apud se sit docent simulque orant ut sibi praesidium mittat quo facilius et frumentum et copiae suae conserventur", + "en": "Meanwhile there came to Caesar envoys from the town of Thysdra, in which town three hundred thousand measures1 of wheat had been collected by Italian merchants and farmers. These envoys now informed Caesar of the large quantity of corn they had and prayed him to send them a garrison whereby both their corn and all their stocks might the more readily be kept safe." + }, + { + "id": 5126, + "la": "Quibus Caesar in praesentia gratias egit praesidiumque brevi tempore se missurum dixit cohortatusque ad suos civis iubet proficisci", + "en": "For the present Caesar expressed his thanks to them, saying that, as for a garrison, he would send one shortly; he then dismissed them with words of encouragement, bidding them go back to their own countrymen." + }, + { + "id": 5127, + "la": "P Sittius interim cum copiis Numidiae finis ingressus castellum in montis loco munito locatum, in quod Iuba belli gerendi gratia et frumentum et res ceteras quae ad bellum usui solent esse comportaverat, vi expugnando est potitus", + "en": "Meanwhile P. Sittius invaded the territory of Numidia with his forces and forcibly took by storm a stronghold, situated on a well-defended mountain height, in which Juba had collected both com and all other regular munitions of war, for the sake of prosecuting his campaign." + }, + { + "id": 5128, + "la": "Caesar postquam legionibus veteranis duabus, equitatu levique armatura copias suas ex secundo commeatu auxerat, navis exoneratas statim iubet Lilybaeum ad reliquum exercitum transportandum proficisci;", + "en": "Now that Caesar had reinforced his troops with two veteran legions, cavalry and light-armed forces from his second convoy, he gave orders that the ships, now unloaded, should set sail forthwith for Lilybaeum to bring across the rest of his army." + }, + { + "id": 5129, + "la": "ipse VI Kal Febr circiter vigilia prima imperat speculatores apparitoresque omnes ut sibi praesto essent", + "en": "On January 25, at approximately the first watch,2 he personally issued orders that all his scouts and aides-de-camp should hold themselves at his disposal." + }, + { + "id": 5130, + "la": "Itaque omnibus insciis neque suspicantibus vigilia tertia iubet omnis legiones extra castra educi atque se consequi ad oppidum Ruspinam versus, in quo ipse praesidium habuit et quod primum ad amicitiam eius accessit", + "en": "Accordingly, without anyones knowing or suspecting his plan, at the third watch he ordered all his legions to be led outside the camp and follow him in the direction of the town of Ruspina, where he had a garrison; it was also the first place to have joined his side." + }, + { + "id": 5131, + "la": "Inde parvulam proclivitatem degressus sinistra parte campi propter mare legiones ducit", + "en": "He then descended a gentle slope and, keeping to the left side of the plain, led his legions along close to the sea.1" + }, + { + "id": 5132, + "la": "Hic campus mirabili planitie patet milia passuum XII; quem iugum cingens a mari ortum neque ita praealtum velut theatri efficit speciem", + "en": "This plain is remarkably level and extends for twelve miles; and the chain of not so very lofty downs which encircles it right from the very sea gives it the appearance of a kind of amphitheatre." + }, + { + "id": 5133, + "la": "In hoc iugo colles sunt excelsi pauci, in quibus singulae turres speculaeque singulae perveteres erant collocatae, quarum apud ultimam praesidium et statio fuit Scipionis", + "en": "This chain includes a few high hills, on each of which were situated some very ancient turrets and watch-towers; and in the last2 of these Scipio had a defence-post and picket." + }, + { + "id": 5134, + "la": "Postquam Caesar ad iugum de quo docui ascendit atque in unumquemque collem turremque, castella facere coepit atque ea minus semihora effecit;", + "en": "After Caesar had climbed up to the ridge I have described and visited each individual hill and tower, he proceeded to construct redoubts and these he completed in less than half an hour;" + }, + { + "id": 5135, + "la": "et postquam non ita longe ab ultimo colle turrique fuit, quae proxima fuit castris adversariorum, in qua docui esse praesidium stationemque Numidarum, Caesar paulisper commoratus perspectaque natura loci equitatu in statione disposito legionibus opus attribuit bracchiumque medio iugo ab eo loco ad quem pervenerat usque ad eum unde egressus erat iubet derigi ac muniri", + "en": "and when he was now not so very far away from the last hill and turret, which was nearest the enemy camp and where, as I have explained, there was a defence post and picket of Numidians, he paused for a little while; then, after studying the lie of the land, he posted his cavalry on guard and assigned to his legions their tasks, ordering them to carry a line of fortifications straight along the middle of the chain, from the point he had now reached right up to the point from where he had started." + }, + { + "id": 5136, + "la": "Quod postquam Scipio Labienusque animadverterant, equitatu omni ex castris educto acieque equestri instructa a suis munitionibus circiter passus mille progrediuntur pedestremque copiam in secunda acie minus passus CCCC a castris suis constituunt", + "en": "When Scipio and Labienus observed this, they led their entire cavalry force out of camp and, deploying it in battle line, advanced about a mile from their fortified positions and drew up their infantry forces in a second battle line less than four hundred paces from their camp." + }, + { + "id": 5137, + "la": "Caesar in opere milites adhortari neque adversariorum copiis moveri", + "en": "Caesar kept encouraging the troops as they worked, quite unmoved by his opponents forces." + }, + { + "id": 5138, + "la": "Iam cum non amplius passus MD inter hostium aciem suasque munitiones esse animadvertisset intellexissetque ad impediendos milites suos et ab opere depellendos hostem propius accedere necesseque haberet legiones a munitionibus deducere, imperat turmae Hispanorum ut ad proximum collem propere occurrerent praesidiumque inde deturbarent locumque caperent, eodemque iubet levis armaturae paucos consequi subsidio", + "en": "When he perceived that no more than a mile and a half now separated the enemy ranks from his own fortifications, and realised that the enemy were approaching closer for the purpose of obstructing his troops and forcing them to abandon their task, and as he considered that he must now perforce withdraw his legions from their work of building fortifications, he ordered a squadron of Spaniards to launch a speedy attack upon the adjacent hill, dislodge its enemy defenders, and capture the position; and he also instructed a small detachment of light-armed troops to follow them in support to the same objective." + }, + { + "id": 5139, + "la": "Qui missi celeriter Numidas adorti partim vivos capiunt, non nullos equites fugientis convulneraverunt locumque sunt potiti", + "en": "Thus despatched they speedily attacked the Numidians, capturing some of them alive and seriously wounding others of their troopers as they sought to escape, and so won the position." + }, + { + "id": 5140, + "la": "Postquam id Labienus animadvertit, quo celerius eis auxilium ferret, ex acie instructa equitatus sui prope totum dextrum cornu avertit atque suis fugientibus suppetias ire contendit", + "en": "As soon as Labienus observed this, he detached practically the entire right wing of the line of cavalry he had deployed, so as the more speedily to render them assistance; and with this force he made haste to proceed to the relief of his retreating troops." + }, + { + "id": 5141, + "la": "Quod ubi Caesar conspexit Labienum ab suis copiis longius iam abscessisse, equitatus sui alam sinistram ad intercludendos hostis immisit", + "en": "But when Caesar saw that Labienus had now withdrawn some distance from his forces, he launched the left wing of his own cavalry, so as to cut the enemy off." + }, + { + "id": 5142, + "la": "Erat in eo campo ubi ea res gerebatur villa permagna turribus IIII exstructa; quae Labieni prospectum impediebat, ne posset animum advertere ab equitatu Caesaris se intercludi", + "en": "Now in the area where this action was going on there was a very large farm building, constructed with four lofty towers; and this impeded Labienus field of view and prevented his observing that he was being cut off by Caesars cavalry." + }, + { + "id": 5143, + "la": "Itaque non prius vidit turmas Iulianas quam suos caedi a tergo sentit", + "en": "Consequently it was only when he realised that his men were being cut down from the rear that he actually saw the Julian squadrons." + }, + { + "id": 5144, + "la": "Ex qua re subito in terrorem converso equitatu Numidarum recta in castra fugere contendit", + "en": "As a result, triumph suddenly gave place to panic among the Numidian cavalry, and Labienus made haste to flee straight back to camp." + }, + { + "id": 5145, + "la": "Galli Germanique, qui restiterant, ex superiore loco et post tergum circumventi fortiterque restantes conciduntur universi", + "en": "As for the Gauls and Germans, they stood their ground; but hemmed in between the enemy on the higher ground and those in their rear, despite a gallant resistance they were slaughtered to a man." + }, + { + "id": 5146, + "la": "Quod ubi legiones Scipionis, quae pro castris erant instructae, animum adverterunt, metu ac terrore occaecatae omnibus portis in sua castra fugere coeperunt", + "en": "On observing this, Scipios legions, which were drawn up in front of his camp, were seized with blind panic and began to flee by every gate into their camp." + }, + { + "id": 5147, + "la": "Postquam Scipione eiusque copiis campo collibusque exturbatis atque in castra compulsis cum receptui Caesar cani iussisset equitatumque omnem intra suas munitiones recepisset, campo purgato animadvertit mirifica corpora Gallorum Germanorumque;", + "en": "Now that Scipio and his forces had been swept in disorder from plain and hills and driven wholesale into their camp, Caesar ordered the retreat to be sounded and withdrew all his cavalry inside his own fortifications; and it was then, when the field had been cleared, that his attention was caught by the amazing bodies of the Gauls and Germans:" + }, + { + "id": 5148, + "la": "qui partim eius auctoritatem erant ex Gallia secuti, partim pretio pollicitationibusque adducti ad eum se contulerant, non nulli, qui ex Curionis proelio capti conservatique parem gratiam in fide pariter tuenda praestare voluerant", + "en": "some of whom had followed Labienus from Gaul in deference to his authority; others had been induced to join him by rewards and promises; and there were yet others who, having been made prisoners after Curios defeat and their lives being spared, had been anxious to give proof of their unswerving gratitude by maintaining a correspondingly unswerving loyalty." + }, + { + "id": 5149, + "la": "Horum corpora mirifica specie amplitudineque caesa toto campo ac prostrata diverse iacebant", + "en": "These were the men whose bodies, amazing in their beauty and stature, were lying mutilated and prostrate here and there all over the battle-field." + }, + { + "id": 5150, + "la": "His rebus gestis Caesar postero die ex omnibus praesidiis cohortis deduxit atque omnis suas copias in campo instruxit", + "en": "On the day following this action Caesar withdrew his cohorts from all his defence posts and drew up all his forces in the plain:" + }, + { + "id": 5151, + "la": "Scipio suis male acceptis, occisis convulneratisque intra suas continere se munitiones coepit", + "en": "whereas Scipio, after the disastrous reception his troops had met with and their resulting heavy casualties in dead and wounded, proceeded to sit tight within his own fortifications." + }, + { + "id": 5152, + "la": "Caesar instructa acie secundum infimas iugi radices propius munitiones leniter accessit", + "en": "Caesar deployed his battle line along the lowest spurs of the chain of hills, and then slowly approached closer to Scipios fortifications." + }, + { + "id": 5153, + "la": "Iamque minus mille passus ab oppido Uzitta, quod Scipio tenebat, aberant legiones Iulianae, cum Scipio veritus ne oppidum amitteret, unde aquari reliquis-que rebus sublevari eius exercitus consuerat, eductis omnibus copiis quadruplici acie instructa ex instituto suo, prima equestri turmatim derecta elephantisque turritis interpositis armatisque, suppetias ire contendit", + "en": "And now the Julian legions were less than a mile away from the town of Uzitta, which Scipio held, when the latter, fearing that he would lose the town, on which his army had been accustomed to rely for its water supply and all other means of support, led out all his forces. These forces were drawn up, according to his custom, in four lines, the first consisting of cavalry deployed in line of squadrons, interspersed with elephants equipped with towers and armour. Thus deployed, Scipio marched to the relief of the town," + }, + { + "id": 5154, + "la": "'quod ubi Caesar animadvertit, arbitratus Scipionem ad dimicandum paratum ad se certo animo venire, in eo loco, quo paulo ante commemoravi, ante oppidum constitit'suamque aciem mediam eo oppido texit; dextrum sinistrumque cornu, ubi elephanti erant, in conspectu patenti adversariorum constituit", + "en": "while Caesar, observing this move and supposing that Scipio was advancing towards him prepared and fully resolved to fight, accordingly halted before the town in the position I described a little earlier. With his own centre covered by the town, Scipio drew up his right and left wings, where his elephants were, in full view of his opponents." + }, + { + "id": 5155, + "la": "Cum iam prope solis occasum Caesar exspectavisset neque ex eo loco quo constiterat Scipionem progredi propius se animadvertisset locoque se magis defendere,", + "en": "Caesar had now waited till nearly sunset without observing any signs of Scipios leaving the position in which he had halted and advancing towards him; and his impression was that Scipio would rather remain on the defensive, utilising his position," + }, + { + "id": 5156, + "la": "si res coegisset, quam in campo comminus consistere audere, non est visa ratio propius accedendi eo die ad oppidum, quoniam ibi praesidium grande Numidarum esse cognoverat,", + "en": "if the circumstances demanded it, than venture to come to close grips on the plain. Accordingly, there seemed no sense in approaching closer to the town that day. For he was aware that it contained a large garrison force of Numidians," + }, + { + "id": 5157, + "la": "hostisque mediam aciem suam oppido texisse et sibi difficile factu esse intellexit simul et oppidum uno tempore oppugnare et in acie in cornu dextro ac sinistro ex iniquiore loco pugnare, praesertim cum milites a mane diei ieiuni sub armis stetissent defatigati", + "en": "and he realised that the enemy had used the town to screen his centre, and that he himself was faced with a difficult task in simultaneously attacking the town and at the same time engaging in battle on his right and left wing from a disadvantageous position, the more especially so since his troops had been standing to since early morning without a bite of food, and were quite exhausted." + }, + { + "id": 5158, + "la": "Itaque reductis suis copiis in castra postero die propius eorum aciem instituit exporrigere munitiones", + "en": "Accordingly, he led his forces back to camp, deciding to wait till the following day and then extend his fortifications nearer the enemys line." + }, + { + "id": 5159, + "la": "Interim Considius, qui Acyllam VIII cohortibus et stipendiariis Numidis Gaetulisque obsidebat, ubi C Messius cum III cohortibus praeerat, diu multumque expertus magnisque operibus saepe admotis et his ab oppidanis incensis cum proficeret nihil,", + "en": "In the meantime Considius with eight cohorts and some Numidian and Gaetulian mercenaries was besieging Acylla, where C. Messius was in command with three cohorts. He had made prolonged and manifold attempts, and had repeatedly approached the walls with siege-works on a large scale; but these the townsfolk had set on fire, and he was making no progress." + }, + { + "id": 5160, + "la": "subito nuntio de equestri proelio allato commotus, frumento cuius in castris copiam habuerat incenso, vino, oleo ceterisque rebus quae ad victum parari solent corruptis, Acyllam, quam obsidebat, deseruit atque itinere per regnum Iubae facto copias cum Scipione partitus Hadrumetum se recepit", + "en": "So when the unexpected report of the cavalry engagement arrived, he was much disconcerted and set fire to the large stock of corn in his camp, rendered unusable his wine, oil and all the other victuals with which an army is normally provided, and raised the siege of Acylla. Then he marched through Jubas kingdom,1 gave part of his forces to Scipio, and retired to Hadrumetum." + }, + { + "id": 5161, + "la": "Interea ex secundo commeatu, quem a Sicilia miserat Alienus, navis una, in qua fuerat Q Cominius et L Ticida, eques Romanus, ab residua classe cum erravisset delataque esset vento ad Thapson, a Vergilio scaphis naviculisque actuariis excepta est et adducta", + "en": "Meanwhile from the second convoy, which Alienus had despatched from Sicily,2 one ship having aboard Q. Cominius and a Roman knight named L. Ticida had got astray from the rest of the fleet and had been carried by the wind towards Thapsus; and being intercepted by the pinnaces and light craft of Vergilius was escorted to that port." + }, + { + "id": 5162, + "la": "Item altera navis trieris ex eadem classe errabunda ac tempestate delata ad Aegimurum a classe Vari et M Octavi est capta, in qua milites veterani cum uno centurione et non nulli tirones fuerunt;", + "en": "A second trireme from the same fleet likewise went astray, was carried by a gale towards Aegimurus, and captured by the fleet of Varus and M. Octavius. On board this vessel were some veteran soldiers, with one centurion and a few recruits;" + }, + { + "id": 5163, + "la": "quos Varus asservatos sine contumelia deducendos curavit ad Scipionem", + "en": "and these Varus kept under guard, though without any maltreatment, and had them escorted to Scipio." + }, + { + "id": 5164, + "la": "Qui postquam ad eum pervenerunt et ante suggestum eius constiterunt,", + "en": "When they came before him and stood in front of his tribunal, he said:" + }, + { + "id": 5165, + "la": "Non vestra, inquit, sponte vos certo scio, sed illius scelerati vestri imperatoris impulsu et imperio coactos civis et optimum quemque nefarie consectari", + "en": "It is not of your own free will'of that I am quite sure'but under the compulsion and at the behest of that villainous commander of yours, that you are iniquitously persecuting your own citizens and all true patriots." + }, + { + "id": 5166, + "la": "Quos quoniam fortuna in nostram detulit potestatem, si, id quod facere debetis, rem publicam cum optimo quoque defendetis, certum est vobis vitam et pecuniam donare", + "en": "But now that fortune has delivered you into our hands, if you mean to do your duty and range yourselves on the side of all true patriots in the defence of the state, then I am resolved to grant you your lives and reward you with money." + }, + { + "id": 5167, + "la": "Quapropter quid sentiatis proloquimini.", + "en": "Now therefore declare your mind." + }, + { + "id": 5168, + "la": "Hac habita oratione Scipio cum existimasset pro suo beneficio sine dubio ab his gratias sibi actum iri, potestatem eis dicendi fecit", + "en": "After addressing them to this effect Scipio had little doubt that they would express their gratitude to him for his kindness, and accordingly gave them permission to speak." + }, + { + "id": 5169, + "la": "Ex eis centurio legionis XIIII Pro tuo, inquit, summo beneficio, Scipio, tibi gratias ago'non enim imperatorem te appello'quod mihi vitam incolumitatemque belli iure capto polliceris, et forsan isto uterer beneficio, si non ei summum scelus adiungeretur", + "en": "One of their number, a centurion of the Fourteenth legion, then spoke as follows: For your great kindness, Scipio'I refrain from calling you commander-in-chief'I thank you, inasmuch as you promise me, by rights a prisoner of war, my life and safety; and maybe I should now avail myself of that kind offer, but for the utterly iniquitous condition attached to it." + }, + { + "id": 5170, + "la": "Egone contra Caesarem imperatorem meum, apud quem ordinem duxi, eiusque exercitum, pro cuius dignitate victoria-que amplius XXXVI annos depugnavi, adversus armatusque consistam?", + "en": "Am I to range myself in armed opposition against Caesar, my commander-in-chief, under whom I have held my command, and against his army, to sustain the victorious reputation whereof I have been fighting for upwards of thirty-six years?1" + }, + { + "id": 5171, + "la": "Neque ego istud facturus sum et te magnopere ut de negotio desistas adhortor", + "en": "No, I am not likely to do that, and I strongly advise you to give up the attempt." + }, + { + "id": 5172, + "la": "Contra cuius enim copias contendas, si minus antea expertus es, licet nunc cognoscas", + "en": "For you now have the chance of appreciating'if you have not previously found it out sufficiently by experience'whose troops they are you are fighting." + }, + { + "id": 5173, + "la": "Elige ex tuis cohortem unam quam putas esse firmissimam, et constitue contra me;", + "en": "Choose from your men one cohort, the one you regard as your most reliable, and array it here over against me:" + }, + { + "id": 5174, + "la": "ego autem ex meis commilitonibus quos nunc in tua tenes potestate non amplius X sumam", + "en": "I for my part will take no more than ten men from my comrades whom you now hold in your power." + }, + { + "id": 5175, + "la": "Tunc ex virtute nostra intelleges quid ex tuis copiis sperare debeas.", + "en": "Then from our prowess you shall realise what you ought to expect from your own forces." + }, + { + "id": 5176, + "la": "Postquam haec centurio praesenti animo adversus opinionem eius est locutus, ira percitus Scipio atque animi dolore incensus innuit suis centurionibus quid fieri vellet, atque ante pedes centurionem interfecit reliquosque veteranos a tironibus iubet secerni", + "en": "This forthright and quite unlooked for retort on the part of the centurion infuriated Scipio. Smarting with resentment he signified his wishes to his own centurions by a nod, causing the centurion to be executed in his presence, and issuing instructions for the remaining veterans to be segregated from the recruits." + }, + { + "id": 5177, + "la": "Abducite istos, inquit, nefario scelere contaminatos et caede civium saginatos.", + "en": "Away with these fellows, said he, tainted as they are with unspeakable iniquities and gorged with the blood of their own citizens." + }, + { + "id": 5178, + "la": "Sic extra vallum deducti sunt et cruciabiliter interfecti", + "en": "Accordingly, they were led outside the rampart and tortured to death." + }, + { + "id": 5179, + "la": "Tirones autem iubet inter legiones dispertiri et Cominium cum Ticida in conspectum suum prohibet adduci", + "en": "As for the recruits, he ordered them to be drafted among the legions, and would not allow Cominius and Ticida to be brought into his presence." + }, + { + "id": 5180, + "la": "Qua ex re Caesar commotus eos quos in stationibus cum longis navibus apud Thapsum custodiae causa in salo esse iusserat ut suis onerariis longisque navibus praesidio essent, ob neglegentiam ignominiae causa dimittendos ab exercitu gravissimumque in eos edictum proponendum curavit", + "en": "This incident disquieted Caesar, who took steps to punish those whom he had instructed to be stationed with warships anchored out at sea on guard off Thapsus, so as to give protection to his transports and men-of-war: in view of their negligence he had them dismissed the service with ignominy, and had a general order published reprimanding them most severely." + }, + { + "id": 5181, + "la": "Per id tempus fere Caesaris exercitui res accidit incredibilis auditu", + "en": "It was round about this time that an incredible and unheard-of experience befell Caesars army." + }, + { + "id": 5182, + "la": "Namque vergiliarum signo confecto circiter vigilia secunda noctis nimbus cum saxea grandine subito est exortus ingens", + "en": "Although the constellation of the Pleiades had set,1 at about the second watch of the night a heavy rainstorm suddenly broke, accompanied by a shower of hail stones." + }, + { + "id": 5183, + "la": "Ad hoc autem incommodum accesserat quod Caesar non more superiorum temporum in hibernis exercitum continebat, sed in tertio quartoque die procedendo propiusque hostem accedendo castra communibat opereque faciendo milites se circumspiciendi non habebant facultatem", + "en": "Moreover, to make matters worse, Caesar at the time was not, as was his custom on previous occasions, keeping his army billeted in winter quarters; but every other, or every third day, he would be advancing, moving up closer to the enemy and fortifying a camp, and in the course of doing this work his troops had no chance to look after themselves." + }, + { + "id": 5184, + "la": "Praeterea ita ex Sicilia exercitum transportabat ut praeter ipsum militem et arma nec vas nec mancipium neque ullam rem quae usui militi esse consuevit in navis imponi pateretur", + "en": "Apart from this, his arrangements for transporting his army from Sicily were such as to allow only the troops themselves and their arms to be embarked, but no baggage, no slaves,1 none of the soldiers normal comforts." + }, + { + "id": 5185, + "la": "In Africa autem non modo sibi quicquam non adquisierant aut paraverant sed etiam propter annonae caritatem ante parta consumpserant", + "en": "In Africa, moreover, not only had they neither bought nor provided themselves with anything, but in addition the high price of corn had run away with all their savings." + }, + { + "id": 5186, + "la": "Quibus rebus attenuati oppido perquam pauci sub pellibus ad-quiescebant: reliqui ex vestimentis tentoriolis factis atque harundinibus scopisque contextis permanebant", + "en": "In these straitened circumstances very few men indeed were sleeping under proper tents: the rest bivouacked under tents of a sort improvised from clothing or woven with reeds and twigs." + }, + { + "id": 5187, + "la": "Itaque subito imbre grandineque consecuta gravatis pondere tentoriis aquarumque vi subrutis disiectisque, nocte intempesta ignibus exstinctis, rebus quae ad victum pertinent omnibus corruptis per castra passim vagabantur scutisque capita contegebant", + "en": "And so when the rain came down suddenly and the hail followed it, their tents sagged under the weight, and were undermined and swept away by the violence of the floods: in the dead of night the storm put out their fires: all their victuals were ruined; and they wandered aimlessly hither and thither about the camp, covering their heads with their shields." + }, + { + "id": 5188, + "la": "Eadem nocte V legionis pilorum cacumina sua sponte arserunt", + "en": "That same night the spear-points of the men of the Fifth legion spontaneously caught fire." + }, + { + "id": 5189, + "la": "Rex interim Iuba de equestri proelio Scipionis certior factus evocatusque ab eodem litteris praefecto Saburra cum parte exercitus contra Sittium relicto, ut secum ipse aliquid auctoritatis adderet exercitui Scipionis ac terrorem Caesaris, cum tribus legionibus equitibusque frenatis DCCC, Numidis sine frenis peditibusque levis armaturae grandi numero, elephantis XXX egressus e regno ad Scipionem est profectus", + "en": "Meanwhile king Juba had been informed of Scipios cavalry battle; and in response to a written summons from the latter he left behind his general, Saburra, with part of his army, to keep Sittius in check, and quitting his kingdom set off to join Scipio. With him he took three legions, eight hundred bridled cavalry, a numerous contingent of Numidians who rode without bridles, and of light-armed infantry troops, and thirty elephants." + }, + { + "id": 5190, + "la": "Postquam ad eum pervenit, castris regiis seorsum positis cum eis copiis quas commemoravi, haud ita longe ab Scipione consedit", + "en": "On reaching Scipio he pitched a separate royal camp with the forces I have mentioned, and took up a position not so far distant from Scipio." + }, + { + "id": 5191, + "la": "'Erat in castris Caesaris superiore tempore magnus terror, et exspectatione copiarum regiarum exercitus eius magis suspensiore animo ante adventum Iubae commovebatur; postquam vero castra castris contulit, despectis eius copiis omnem timorem deponit", + "en": "Now hitherto there had been considerable apprehension in Caesars camp: before Jubas arrival the feeling of suspense was greater, and it was this which unsettled Caesars army as it was waiting for the royal forces; but as soon as the king pitched his camp close to theirs, they held his forces in contempt and all their fears were laid aside." + }, + { + "id": 5192, + "la": "Ita quam antea absens habuerat auctoritatem, eam omnem praesens dimiserat", + "en": "And so all the prestige with which his previous absence had endowed the king he forfeited now that he was on the spot." + }, + { + "id": 5193, + "la": "'Quo facto cuivis facile fuit intellectu Scipioni additum animum fiduciamque regis adventu", + "en": "That the kings arrival in this manner gave Scipio additional courage and confidence was a fact that anyone could readily appreciate;" + }, + { + "id": 5194, + "la": "Nam postero die universas suas regisque copias cum elephantis LX productas in aciem quam speciosissime potuit instruxit ac paulo longius progressus ab suis munitionibus haud ita diu commoratus se recipit in castra", + "en": "for on the following day he led out his own and the kings entire forces, including sixty elephants, and set them in battle array with as much pomp and circumstance as possible, and then, after advancing somewhat farther than usual from his fortified positions and pausing there a little while, withdrew to camp." + }, + { + "id": 5195, + "la": "Caesar postquam animadvertit Scipioni auxilia fere quae exspectasset omnia convenisse neque moram pugnandi ullam fore, per iugum summum cum copiis progredi coepit et bracchia protinus ducere et castella munire propiusque Scipionem capiendo loca excelsa occupare contendit, ne adversarii magnitudine copiarum confisi proximum collem occuparent atque ita longius sibi progrediendi eriperent facultatem", + "en": "When Caesar observed that practically all the reinforcements that Scipio had been awaiting had now forgathered and that there was nothing to delay an engagement, he began to advance with his troops along the crest of the ridge, carrying forward his lines of fortification and building strong points. He also made strenuous efforts to seize the high ground closer to Scipio and, by capturing it, to forestall his opponents, lest, relying on their superiority in numbers, they should seize the nearby hill and so deprive him of the opportunity of advancing farther." + }, + { + "id": 5196, + "la": "Eiusdem collis occupandi Labienus consilium ceperat et quo propiore loco fuerat eo celerius occurrerat", + "en": "But Labienus too had made up his mind to seize this hill; and his closer proximity to it had enabled him to achieve the objective more rapidly." + }, + { + "id": 5197, + "la": "Erat convallis satis magna latitudine, altitudine praerupta, crebris locis speluncae in modum subrutis, quae erat transgredienda Caesari, ante quam ad eum collem quem capere volebat perveniretur; ultraque eam convallem olivetum vetus crebris arboribus condensum", + "en": "There was a ravine, of a fair width and with high, precipitous sides, and honeycombed at many points with cave-like hollows; and Caesar had to cross it before he could reach the hill he wished to take. On the far side of this ravine there was an ancient olive grove, dense and thickly planted with trees." + }, + { + "id": 5198, + "la": "Hic cum Labienus animadvertisset Caesarem, si vellet eum locum occupare, prius necesse esse convallem olivetumque transgredi, eorum locorum peritus in insidiis cum parte equitatus levique armatura consedit et praeterea post montem collesque equites in occulto collocaverat", + "en": "It was here that Labienus, perceiving that Caesar must first cross the ravine and olive grove if he wanted to seize that position, and availing himself of his local knowledge, took his stand in ambush with a detachment of cavalry and some light-armed troops. In addition he had posted some cavalry out of sight behind the range of hills," + }, + { + "id": 5199, + "la": "ut, cum ipse ex improviso legionarios adortus esset, ex colle se equitatus ostenderet,", + "en": "in order that, when he himself unexpectedly launched his attack upon the legionaries, this cavalry might make its appearance from behind the hill;" + }, + { + "id": 5200, + "la": "ut re duplici perturbatus Caesar eiusque exercitus neque retro regrediendi neque ultra procedendi oblata facultate circumventus concideretur", + "en": "thereby Caesar and his army were to be thrown into utter confusion by this double attack and, denied the opportunity either of retiring or advancing, were to be surrounded and cut to pieces." + }, + { + "id": 5201, + "la": "Caesar postquam equitatu ante praemisso inscius insidiarum cum ad eum locum venisset, abusi sive obliti praeceptorum Labieni sive veriti ne in fossa ab equitibus opprimerentur rari ac singuli de rupe prodire et summa petere collis", + "en": "When Caesar, in ignorance of the ambush, but with a screen of cavalry thrown out in front, came up to this position, the troops of Labienus either misinterpreted or forgot his instructions, or maybe they were afraid of being caught in the trap by Caesars cavalry; anyway, they came out from behind the rocks in small groups or singly, and made for the crest of the hill." + }, + { + "id": 5202, + "la": "Quos Caesaris equites consecuti partim interfecerunt, partim vivorum sunt potiti; deinde protinus collem petere contenderunt atque eum decusso Labieni praesidio celeriter occupaverunt", + "en": "Caesars cavalry pursued them, killing some and capturing others alive, and then forthwith made all haste towards the hill, which they speedily seized after dislodging Labienus holding force." + }, + { + "id": 5203, + "la": "Labienus cum parte equitum vix fuga sibi peperit salutem", + "en": "Labienus and part of his cavalry barely managed to escape with their lives." + }, + { + "id": 5204, + "la": "Hac re per equites gesta Caesar legionibus opera distribuit atque in eo colle quo erat potitus castra munivit", + "en": "After this action fought by the cavalry Caesar fortified a camp on the hill of which he had gained possession, assigning each legion its share of the work." + }, + { + "id": 5205, + "la": "Deinde ab suis maximis castris per medium campum e regione oppidi Uzittae, quod inter sua castra et Scipionis in planitie positum erat tenebaturque a Scipione, duo bracchia instituit ducere et ita dirigere ut ad angulum dextrum sinistrumque eius oppidi convenirent", + "en": "He then began to carry two fortified lines from his own principal camp across the centre of the plain in the direction of the town of Uzitta'which town was situated on flat ground between his camp and Scipios and was occupied by the latter'their direction being such as to make them converge upon the right and left corners of the town." + }, + { + "id": 5206, + "la": "Id hac ratione opus instruebat ut, cum propius oppidum copias admovisset oppugnareque coepisset, tecta latera suis munitionibus haberet, ne ab equitatus multitudine circumventus ab oppugnatione deterreretur, praeterea quo facilius colloquia fieri possent et, si qui perfugere vellent, id quod antea saepe accidebat magno cum eorum periculo, tum facile et sine periculo fieret", + "en": "His purpose in constructing this field-work was as follows: when he advanced his forces closer to the town and proceeded to attack it, he should have his flanks covered by these fortifications of his and not be enveloped by the swarms of enemy cavalry and so be deterred from attacking; moreover, it should make it easier to hold conversations with the enemy, and if any of the latter wanted to desert'this had often occurred in the past, but at great risk to the deserters'it should now prove easy and devoid of risk." + }, + { + "id": 5207, + "la": "Voluit etiam experiri, cum propius hostem accessisset, haberetne in animo dimicare", + "en": "He was also anxious to discover, when he approached closer to the enemy, whether they intended to fight." + }, + { + "id": 5208, + "la": "Accedebat etiam ad reliquas causas quod is locus depressus erat puteique ibi non nulli fieri poterant: aquatione enim longa et angusta utebatur", + "en": "Over and above these reasons was the additional fact that this was a low-lying tract, and quite a few wells could be sunk in it: water in fact was in short supply and had to be carried a long distance." + }, + { + "id": 5209, + "la": "Dum haec opera quae ante dixi fiebant a legione, interim pars acie ante opus instructa sub hoste stabat; equites barbari levisque armaturae proeliis minutis comminus dimicabant", + "en": "While the legionaries were engaged in this work of fortification which I have mentioned above, a detachment of them took post in front of the work in battle formation close to the enemy; for the latters foreign cavalry and part of his light-armed force kept skirmishing at close quarters." + }, + { + "id": 5210, + "la": "Caesar ab eo opere cum iam sub vesperum copias in castra reduceret, magno incursu cum omni equitatu levique armatura Iuba, Scipio, Labienus in legionarios impetum fecerunt", + "en": "It was now nearly dusk, and Caesar was withdrawing his troops from this work to camp, when Juba, Scipio and Labienus launched a violent attack upon his legionaries, employing all their cavalry and light-armed forces." + }, + { + "id": 5211, + "la": "Equites Caesariani vi universae subitaeque hostium multitudinis pulsi parumper cesserunt", + "en": "Caesars cavalry reeled and gave ground momentarily under the sudden and violent impact of the massed swarms of the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 5212, + "la": "Quae res aliter adversariis cecidit: namque Caesar ex medio itinere copiis reductis equitibus suis auxilium tulit;", + "en": "But the latter found that this manoeuvre did not go according to plan; for Caesar halted in his tracks and led his forces back to the assistance of his cavalry." + }, + { + "id": 5213, + "la": "equites autem adventu legionum animo addito conversis equis in Numidas cupide insequentis dispersosque impetum fecerunt atque eos convulneratos usque in castra regia reppulerunt multosque ex eis interfecerunt", + "en": "The arrival of the legions put fresh heart into the cavalry, who wheeled round, charged the Numidians in the middle of their eager, but scattered pursuit, and drove them right back into the royal camp, with heavy casualties and many of their number killed." + }, + { + "id": 5214, + "la": "Quod nisi in noctem proelium esset coniectum pulvisque vento elatus omnium prospectui offecisset, Iuba cum Labieno capti in potestatem Caesaris venissent, equitatusque cum levi armatura funditus ad internecionem deletus esset", + "en": "And had not nightfall speedily overtaken this action, and a cloud of dust raised up by the wind hampered everyones vision, Juba and Labienus would have been captured and have fallen into Caesars hands, and their cavalry and light-armed troops would have been utterly and entirely annihilated." + }, + { + "id": 5215, + "la": "Interim incredibiliter ex legione IIII et VI Scipionis milites diffugere partim in castra Caesaris, partim in quas quisque poterat regiones pervenire; itemque equites Curioniani diffisi Scipioni eiusque copiis complures se eodem conferebant", + "en": "Whereupon an incredible number of Scipios troops deserted from the Fourth and Sixth legion'some to Caesars camp, others to various places wherever each individual managed to find refuge. The cavalry who were once under Curios command1 likewise lost confidence in Scipio and his forces, and many of them took refuge with the others." + }, + { + "id": 5216, + "la": "Dum haec circum Uzittam ab utrisque ducibus administrantur, legiones duae, X et VIIII., ex Sicilia navibus onerariis profectae, cum iam non longe a portu Ruspinae abessent, conspicati navis Caesarianas quae in statione apud Thapsum stabant, veriti ne in adversariorum ut insidiandi gratia ibi commorantium classem inciderent imprudentes, vela in altum dederunt ac diu multumque iactati tandem multis post diebus siti inopiaque confecti ad Caesarem perveniunt", + "en": "While the leaders on either side were engaged in these operations in the neighbourhood of Uzitta, two legions, the Tenth and the Ninth, which had sailed from Sicily in transports, were now not far from the port of Ruspina. Here they sighted those ships of Caesars which were stationed on patrol off Thapsus; and fearing they might be falling unawares upon an enemy flotilla loitering there presumably with treacherous designs, they made off out to sea. Many days later, exhausted by thirst and privation after a long and very storm-tossed voyage, they at length reached Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 5217, + "la": "Quibus legionibus expositis memor in Italia pristinae licentiae militaris ac rapinarum certorum hominum parvulam modo causulam nactus Caesar, quod C Avienus, tribunus militum X legionis, navem ex commeatu familia sua atque iumentis occupavisset neque militem unum ab Sicilia sustulisset, postero die de suggestu convocatis omnium legionum tribunis centurionibusque,", + "en": "These legions were then disembarked. Now Caesar had in mind the lack of discipline of old among the troops in Italy and the plundering exploits of certain individuals; and he had now some ground for complaint, though only a trifling one, in the fact that C. Avienus, a military tribune of the Tenth legion, had commandeered a vessel from the convoy and filled it with his own household slaves and beasts of burden, without transporting a single soldier from Sicily. Accordingly, on the following day Caesar paraded the tribunes and centurions of all his legions and thus addressed them from the platform." + }, + { + "id": 5218, + "la": "Maxime vellem, inquit, homines suae petulantiae nimiaeque libertatis aliquando finem fecissent meaeque lenitatis, modestiae patientiaeque rationem habuissent", + "en": "I could have wished above all things that people would at some time or other have set bounds to their wanton and highly irresponsible behaviour, and had regard for my own leniency, moderation and forbearance." + }, + { + "id": 5219, + "la": "Sed quoniam ipsi sibi neque modum neque terminum constituunt, quo ceteri dissimiliter se gerant egomet ipse documentum more militari constituam", + "en": "However, since they set themselves no limit or boundary, I myself will set them a precedent in accordance with military custom, so that the remainder may behave somewhat differently." + }, + { + "id": 5220, + "la": "C Aviene, quod in Italia milites populi Romani contra rem publicam instigasti rapinasque per municipia fecisti quodque mihi reique publicae inutilis fuisti et pro militibus tuam familiam iumentaque in navis imposuisti tuaque opera militibus tempore necessario res publica caret, ob eas res ignominiae causa ab exercitu meo te removeo hodieque ex Africa abesse et quantum pote proficisci iubeo", + "en": "Inasmuch as you, C. Avienus, in Italy have stirred up soldiers of the Roman people against the state and have committed acts of plunder in various municipal towns; inasmuch as you have proved useless to me and to the state and have embarked, instead of troops, your own household slaves and beasts of burden, so that thanks to you the state is short of troops at a critical time; for these reasons I hereby discharge you with ignominy from my army and direct that you leave as soon as possible and be quit of Africa this day." + }, + { + "id": 5221, + "la": "Itemque te, A Fontei, quod tribunus militum seditiosus malusque civis fuisti, te ab exercitu dimitto", + "en": "You also, A. Fonteius, I dismiss from my army, for having proved a mutinous military tribune and a disloyal citizen." + }, + { + "id": 5222, + "la": "T Saliene, M Tiro, C Clusinas, cum ordines in meo exercitu beneficio non virtute consecuti ita vos gesseritis ut neque bello fortes neque pace boni aut utiles fueritis et magis in seditione concitandisque militibus adversum vestrum imperatorem quam pudoris modestiaeque fueritis studiosiores, indignos vos esse arbitror qui in meo exercitu ordines ducatis, missosque facio et quantum pote abesse ex Africa iubeo.", + "en": "T. Salienus, M. Tiro and C. Clusinas, you have attained your ranks in my army, not by merit, but by favour; your conduct has been such as to prove you neither brave in war, nor loyal nor competent in peace, and more eager to stir up mutiny among the troops against your commander-in-chief than to preserve respect and discipline: on these counts I deem you to be unworthy to hold rank in my army, and I hereby discharge you and direct that you be quit of Africa as soon as possible." + }, + { + "id": 5223, + "la": "Itaque tradit eos centurionibus et singulis non amplius singulos additos servos in navem imponendos separatim curavit", + "en": "Accordingly he handed them over to the centurions, assigned them each no more than a single slave, and had them embarked separately in a ship." + }, + { + "id": 5224, + "la": "Gaetuli interim perfugae, quos cum litteris mandatisque a Caesare missos supra docuimus, ad suos civis perveniunt", + "en": "Meanwhile the Gaetulian deserters who, as we have described above,1 were sent by Caesar with despatches and instructions, arrived back among their own citizens." + }, + { + "id": 5225, + "la": "Quorum auctoritate facile adducti Caesarisque nomine persuasi a rege Iuba desciscunt celeriterque cuncti arma capiunt contraque regem facere non dubitant", + "en": "The authority they held readily induced their countrymen, who were also influenced by Caesars reputation, to revolt from king Juba; and so they one and all promptly took up arms and did not hesitate to oppose the king." + }, + { + "id": 5226, + "la": "Quibus rebus cognitis Iuba, distentus triplici bello necessitateque coactus, de suis copiis quas contra Caesarem adduxerat sex cohortis in finis regni sui mittit quae essent praesidio contra Gaetulos", + "en": "On learning of this situation king Juba, compelled as he now was by necessity to divide his energies between three fronts, detached six cohorts from the force which he had led against Caesar and sent them to his own royal domain to defend it against the Gaetulians." + }, + { + "id": 5227, + "la": "Caesar bracchiis perfectis promotisque usque eo quo telum ex oppido adigi non posset castra munit, ballistis scorpionibusque crebris ante frontem castrorum contra oppidum collocatis defensores muri deterrere non intermittit eoque quinque legiones ex superioribus castris deducit", + "en": "Caesar had now completed his lines of fortification and extended them right up to a point so as to be just out of range of spear-cast from the town. He then fortified a camp, ranging catapults and scorpions at close intervals in front of it and training them upon the town, and harrying without respite the defenders of its walls; he also detached five legions from his former camp and brought them down to the new one." + }, + { + "id": 5228, + "la": "Qua facultate oblata inlustriores notissimique conspectum amicorum propinquorumque efflagitabant atque inter se colloquebantur", + "en": "Making use of the opportunity thus offered, certain more distinguished persons and those of the widest acquaintance kept demanding to see their friends and relations, and conversations ensued between them." + }, + { + "id": 5229, + "la": "Quae res quid utilitatis haberet Caesarem non fallebat: namque Gaetuli ex equitatu regio nobiliores equitumque praefecti, quorum patres cum Mario ante meruerant eiusque beneficio agris finibusque donati post Sullae victoriam sub Hiempsalis regis erant dati potestatem, occasione capta nocte iam luminibus accensis cum equis calonibusque suis circiter mille perfugiunt in Caesaris castra quae erant in campo proxime Uzittae locata", + "en": "Caesar was not blind to the expediency of this turn of events; and in fact some of the nobler Gaetulians among the royal cavalry, including captains of horse, whose fathers had previously served with Marius and had, by his good offices, been presented with farms and lands, but later on after Sullas victory had been handed over as subjects to king Hiempsal, seized their chance and deserted, when it was night and the lamps were now lit, and came with their horses and grooms'roughly a thousand of them'to Caesars camp which was situated in the plain close to Uzitta." + }, + { + "id": 5230, + "la": "Quod postquam Scipio quique cum eo erant cognoverunt, cum commoti ex tali incommodo essent, fere per id tempus M Aquinum cum C Saserna colloquentem viderunt Scipio mittit ad Aquinum, nihil attinere eum cum adversariis colloqui", + "en": "It was just about this time, after Scipio and his colleagues had come to learn of this disconcerting setback, that they saw M. Aquinus holding a conversation with C. Saserna. Scipio sent word to Aquinus saying that he had no business to be holding a conversation with the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 5231, + "la": "Cum nihilo minus eius sermonem nuntius ad Scipionem referret sed restare ut reliqua quae sibi vellet perageret, viator praeterea ab Iuba ad eum est missus qui diceret audiente Saserna: Vetat te rex colloqui.", + "en": "When none the less the messenger brought back to Scipio the others answer, namely that on the contrary it remained for him to complete the rest of his business, Juba also sent him a courier, to say, in the hearing of Saserna: The king forbids you to hold this conversation." + }, + { + "id": 5232, + "la": "Quo nuntio perterritus discessit et dicto audiens fuit regi", + "en": "Alarmed by this message, Aquinus withdrew in deference to the kings injunction." + }, + { + "id": 5233, + "la": "Usu venisse hoc civi Romano et ei qui ab populo Romano honores accepisset, incolumi patria fortunisque omnibus Iubae barbaro potius oboedientem fuisse quam aut Scipionis obtemperasse nuntio aut caesis eiusdem partis civibus incolumem reverti malle!", + "en": "To think that it had come to this, that a Roman citizen, one, moreover, who had received office at the hands of the Roman people, at a time when his country and all his fortunes stood secure, should rather have obeyed Juba, a foreigner, than deferred to Scipios instructions or else, if he preferred, let his own partisans be massacred, while he himself returned home safe and sound!" + }, + { + "id": 5234, + "la": "Atque etiam et superbius Iubae factum non in M Aquinum, hominem novum parvumque senatorem, sed in Scipionem, hominem illa familia, dignitate, honoribus praestantem", + "en": "Still more arrogant even was Jubas behaviour, not towards M. Aquinus, a mere upstart and junior member of the Senate, but towards Scipio, whose family, rank and magistracies were such as to make him an outstanding man." + }, + { + "id": 5235, + "la": "Namque cum Scipio sagulo purpureo ante regis adventum uti solitus esset, dicitur Iuba cum eo egisse non oportere illum eodem vestitu atque ipse uteretur", + "en": "For Scipio had been in the habit of wearing a purple cloak before the king arrived; and Juba'so it is said'took the matter up with him, saying that Scipio ought not to wear the same dress as he himself wore." + }, + { + "id": 5236, + "la": "Itaque factum est ut Scipio ad album sese vestitum transferret et Iubae homini superbissimo inertissimoque obtemperaret", + "en": "And so it came about that Scipio changed to white dress in deference to Juba'that by-word of arrogance and indolence." + }, + { + "id": 5237, + "la": "Postero die universas omnium copias de castris omnibus educunt et supercilium quoddam excelsum nacti non longe a Caesaris castris aciem constituunt atque ibi consistunt", + "en": "On the next day the enemy led out their entire combined forces from all1 their camps and, gaining possession of a certain prominent knoll, arrayed their battle line not far from Caesars camp, and took up their position there." + }, + { + "id": 5238, + "la": "Caesar item producit copias celeriterque eis instructis ante suas munitiones quae erant in campo consistit, sine dubio existimans ultro adversarios, cum tam magnis copiis auxiliisque regis essent praediti promptiusque prosiluissent ante, secum concursuros propiusque se accessuros", + "en": "Caesar likewise led forth his forces, speedily arrayed them and took up a position in front of his fortifications which were in the plain; for he thought, no doubt, that his opponents, seeing they were equipped with such substantial forces and the reinforcements supplied by the king, and had previously been quite prompt to sally forth, would now take the initiative, advance towards him and join battle." + }, + { + "id": 5239, + "la": "Equo circumvectus legionesque cohortatus signo dato accessum hostium aucupabatur", + "en": "After riding round encouraging his legions he gave the signal and awaited the enemys advance." + }, + { + "id": 5240, + "la": "Ipse enim a suis munitionibus longius non sine ratione non procedebat, quod in oppido Uzittae, quod Scipio tenebat, hostium erant cohortes armatae;", + "en": "For he himself had good reason not to advance too far from his fortifications, since the town of Uzitta, held by Scipio, contained enemy cohorts under arms;" + }, + { + "id": 5241, + "la": "eidem autem oppido ad dextrum latus eius cornu erat oppositum, verebaturque ne, si praetergressus esset, ex oppido eruptione facta ab latere eum adorti conciderent", + "en": "moreover, his right-hand wing lay opposite the said town, and he was afraid that, if he advanced beyond it, the enemy might make a sally from the town, attack him in flank, and maul him severely." + }, + { + "id": 5242, + "la": "Praeterea haec quoque eum causa tardavit, quod erat locus quidam perimpeditus ante aciem Scipionis, quem suis impedimento ad ultro occurrendum fore existimabat", + "en": "Apart from this there was another reason too to make him pause, namely that in front of Scipios line there was a patch of very broken ground, which he believed would prevent his troops from going over to the offensive." + }, + { + "id": 5243, + "la": "Non arbitror esse praetermittendum, quem ad modum exercitus utriusque fuerint in aciem instructi", + "en": "I do not think I ought to pass over without mention the manner in which the armies of either side were deployed in battle formation." + }, + { + "id": 5244, + "la": "Scipio hoc modo aciem derexit", + "en": "Scipios order of battle was as follows." + }, + { + "id": 5245, + "la": "Collocabat in fronte suas et Iubae legiones, post eas autem Numidas in subsidiaria acie ita extenuatos et in longitudinem derectos ut procul simplex esse acies media ab legionariis militibus videretur", + "en": "In front he placed his own and Jubas legions: behind these, in a support line, the Numidians, drawn out in so thin and long a formation as to give the impression at a distance that the centre was a single line composed of legionary troops." + }, + { + "id": 5246, + "la": "Elephantos dextro sinistroque cornu collocaverat aequalibus inter eos intervallis interiectis, post autem elephantos armaturas levis Numidasque auxiliaris substituerat", + "en": "His elephants he had placed at regular intervals on his right and left wings, and behind the elephants his light-armed troops and Numidian auxiliaries were stationed in support." + }, + { + "id": 5247, + "la": "Equitatum frenatum universum in suo dextro cornu disposuerat: sinistrum enim cornu oppido Uzitta claudebatur neque erat spatium equitatus explicandi", + "en": "On his right wing he had posted his entire force of bridled cavalry; for his left wing was covered by the town of Uzitta, and there was no room to deploy cavalry." + }, + { + "id": 5248, + "la": "Praeterea Numidas levisque armaturae infinitam multitudinem ad dextram partem suae aciei opposuerat fere interiecto non minus mille passuum spatio et ad collis radices magis appulerat longiusque ab adversariorum suisque copiis promovebat, id hoc consilio ut, cum acies duae inter se concurrissent, initio certaminis paulo longius eius equitatus circumvectus ex improviso clauderet multitudine sua exercitum Caesaris atque perturbatum iaculis configeret", + "en": "In addition he had posted some Numidians and a vast multitude of light-armed troops to cover the right flank of his line at a distance of at least a mile or so, pushing them more towards the foothills and so withdrawing them farther away both from the enemy and his own forces. His purpose in doing this was that when the two battle lines charged one another, his cavalry would only have to continue their outflanking movement a little farther in the early stages of the action, and then by sheer weight of numbers they could surprise and envelop Caesars army, throw it into disorder, and riddle it with lances." + }, + { + "id": 5249, + "la": "Haec fuit ratio Scipionis eo die proeliandi", + "en": "Such was Scipios plan of battle that day." + }, + { + "id": 5250, + "la": "Caesaris autem acies hoc modo fuit collocata, ut ab sinistro eius cornu ordiar et ad dextrum perveniam", + "en": "Caesars battle line, on the other hand, was disposed as follows, my description beginning with his left wing and working round to his right." + }, + { + "id": 5251, + "la": "Habuit legionem X et VIIII in sinistro cornu, XXV., XXVIIII., XIII., XIV., XXVIII., XXVI in media acie", + "en": "On his left wing he had the Tenth and Ninth legions: in the centre the Twenty-Fifth, Twenty-Ninth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Twenty-Eighth and Twenty-Sixth." + }, + { + "id": 5252, + "la": "Ipso autem dextro cornu veteranarum legionum partem cohortium collocaverat, praeterea ex tironum adiecerat paucas", + "en": "As for the actual right wing, he had posted there some of the cohorts of his veteran legions as well as a few cohorts from the legions of recruits besides." + }, + { + "id": 5253, + "la": "Tertiam autem aciem in sinistrum suum cornu contulerat et usque ad aciei suae mediam legionem porrexerat et ita collocaverat uti sinistrum suum cornu esset triplex", + "en": "His third line he had concentrated on his left wing, extending it right up to the central legion of his line, and had arranged it in such a formation that his left wing was composed of three lines." + }, + { + "id": 5254, + "la": "Id eo consilio fecerat quod suum dextrum latus munitionibus adiuvabatur, sinistrum autem equitatus hostium multitudini uti resistere posset laborabat, eodemque suum omnem equitatum contulerat et, quod ei parum confidebat, praesidio his equitibus legionem V praemiserat levemque armaturam inter equites interposuerat", + "en": "His motive for doing this was the fact that, whereas his right flank was supported by his fortifications, he was hard put to it to know how his left flank could bear up under the hordes of enemy cavalry; and it was on this same left flank that he had concentrated the whole of his own cavalry and, not feeling too confident in it, had detached the Fifth legion to support this cavalry, and drafted light-armed troops at intervals among the horse." + }, + { + "id": 5255, + "la": "Sagittarios varie passimque locis certis maximeque in cornibus collocaverat", + "en": "As for his archers, he had posted them in various formations at definite points throughout the line, but chiefly on the wings." + }, + { + "id": 5256, + "la": "Sic utrorumque exercitus instructi non plus passuum CCC interiecto spatio, quod forsitan ante id tempus acciderit numquam quin dimicaretur, a mane usque ad horam X diei perstiterunt", + "en": "Such was the manner in which the armies on either side were drawn up, with a distance of no more than three hundred paces separating them'a situation which had never, perhaps, arisen before without leading to an engagement; and there they remained continuously from early morning right until the tenth hour." + }, + { + "id": 5257, + "la": "Iamque Caesar dum exercitum intra munitiones suas reducere coepisset, subito universus equitatus ulterior Numidarum Gaetulorumque sine frenis ad dextram partem se movere propiusque Caesaris castra quae erant in colle se conferre coepit, frenatus autem Labieni eques in loco permanere legionesque distinere:", + "en": "And now, while Caesar was beginning to lead his army back within his fortifications, suddenly the entire force of cavalry'the more distant one, comprising Numidians and Gaetulians riding without bridles'began a movement on the right and to advance closer to Caesars camp on the high ground, while Labienus bridled cavalry maintained their positions and distracted the attention of the legions." + }, + { + "id": 5258, + "la": "cum subito pars equitatus Caesaris cum levi armatura contra Gaetulos iniussu ac temere longius progressi paludemque transgressi multitudinem hostium pauci sustinere non potuerunt levique armatura deserta pulsi convulneratique uno equite amisso, multis equis sauciis, levis armaturae XXVII occisis ad suos refugerunt", + "en": "Whereupon part of Caesars cavalry together with the light-armed troops, acting without orders and without discretion, suddenly advanced too far, crossed a marshy tract and found themselves too far outnumbered to be able to contain the enemy. Abandoning the light-armed troops, the cavalry were driven back and fled to their own lines not without casualties'one horseman missing, many horses wounded and twenty-seven light-armed soldiers killed." + }, + { + "id": 5259, + "la": "Quo secundo equestri proelio facto Scipio laetus in castra nocte copias reduxit", + "en": "It was now night when Scipio, delighted with this successful cavalry engagement, withdrew his forces into camp." + }, + { + "id": 5260, + "la": "Quod proprium gaudium bellantibus fortuna tribuere non decrevit: namque postero die Caesar cum partem equitatus sui frumentandi gratia Leptim misisset, in itinere praedatores equites Numidas Gaetulosque ex improviso adorti circiter C partim occiderunt, partim vivorum potiti sunt", + "en": "But in vouchsafing him this triumph the fortunes of war saw fit to make it but short-lived. On the following day, in fact, a detachment of Caesars cavalry which he had sent to Leptis on a foraging mission surprised in the course of their march and attacked about a hundred marauding Numidian and Gaetulian horse, killing some of them and taking the rest alive." + }, + { + "id": 5261, + "la": "Caesar interim cotidie legiones in campum deducere atque opus facere vallumque et fossam per medium campum ducere adversariorumque excursionibus ita officere non intermittit", + "en": "Meanwhile Caesar made it his constant and daily practice to lead his legions down into the plain, proceed with his field-works, carry his rampart and trench across the middle of the plain, and thereby hinder his opponents sallies." + }, + { + "id": 5262, + "la": "Scipio item munitiones contra facere et, ne iugo a Caesare excluderetur, approperare", + "en": "Scipio likewise built counter-defences, pushing them forward in haste to prevent Caesar from barring him access to the ridge." + }, + { + "id": 5263, + "la": "Ita duces utrique et in operibus occupati esse et nihilo minus equestribus proeliis inter se cotidie dimicabant", + "en": "Thus the generals on both sides were occupied with field-works, but none the less engaged one another daily in cavalry actions." + }, + { + "id": 5264, + "la": "Interim Varus classem, quam antea Uticae hiemis gratia subduxerat, cognito legionis VII et VIII ex Sicilia adventu celeriter deducit ibique Gaetulis remigibus epibatisque complet insidiandique gratia ab Utica progressus Hadrumetum cum LV navibus pervenit", + "en": "Meanwhile Varus, who had previously beached his flotilla at Utica for the winter, learned that the Seventh and Eighth legions were on the way from Sicily. Thereupon he promptly launched his flotilla, manned it on the spot with Gaetulian oarsmen and marines and, setting sail from Utica, arrived at Hadrumetum with fifty-five ships with the object of setting a trap for them." + }, + { + "id": 5265, + "la": "Cuius adventus inscius Caesar L Cispium cum classe XXVII navium ad Thapsum versus in stationem praesidi gratia commeatus sui mittit itemque Q Aquilam cum XIII navibus longis Hadrumetum eadem de causa praemittit", + "en": "Caesar, who was unaware of his arrival, despatched L. Cispius with a squadron of twenty-seven ships to the area of Thapsus to patrol there and give cover to his convoy; and he also sent Q. Aquila with thirteen warships to Hadrumetum for the same purpose." + }, + { + "id": 5266, + "la": "Cispius quo erat missus celeriter pervenit; Aquila tempestate iactatus promunturium superare non potuit atque angulum quendam tutum a tempestate nactus cum classe se longius a prospectu removit", + "en": "Cispius speedily reached his destination, whereas Aquila, lashed by a storm and unable to double the headland, gained a certain cove which was sheltered from the storm and afforded him and his squadron a fairly inconspicuous retreat." + }, + { + "id": 5267, + "la": "Reliqua classis in salo ad Leptim egressis remigibus passimque in litore vagantibus, partim in oppidum victus sui inercandi gratia progressis, vacua a defensoribus stabat", + "en": "The rest of the fleet stood at anchor out at sea off Leptis; and as the crews had disembarked and were roaming here and there about the beach, some of them having gone off to the town to buy themselves food, the fleet had no one to defend it." + }, + { + "id": 5268, + "la": "Quibus rebus Varus ex perfuga cognitis occasionem nactus vigilia secunda Hadrumeto ex cothone egressus primo mane Leptim cum universa classe vectus navis onerarias, quae longius a portu in salo stabant, vacuas a defensoribus incendit et penteres duas nullo repugnante cepit", + "en": "Learning of this situation from a deserter, Varus seized his opportunity: at the second watch he came out of the inner harbour of Hadrumetum and arrived off Leptis in the early morning with his entire squadron; and there he set fire to the defenceless transports which were anchored out at sea at some distance from the port, and captured two five-banked warships, which offered no resistance." + }, + { + "id": 5269, + "la": "Caesar interim celeriter per nuntios in castris, cum opera circumiret, certior factus, quae aberant a portu milia passuum VI, equo admisso omissis omnibus rebus celeriter pervenit Leptim ibique hortatur omnes ut se naves consequerentur;", + "en": "Meanwhile a message speedily acquainted Caesar with the news as he was touring the defence works in his camp, which was six miles distant from the harbour. Putting everything else on one side and giving his horse its head he speedily reached Leptis, where he insisted that all the ships should follow his lead:" + }, + { + "id": 5270, + "la": "ipse parvulum navigiolum conscendit, in cursu Aquilam multitudine navium perterritum atque trepidantem nactus hostium classem sequi coepit", + "en": "he himself then went aboard a small cutter. As he sailed on he came up with Aquila, who was filled with panic and confusion at the large number of the enemy ships, and then set off in pursuit of the enemy squadron." + }, + { + "id": 5271, + "la": "Interim Varus celeritate Caesaris audaciaque commotus cum universa classe conversis navibus Hadrumetum versus fugere contendit", + "en": "Meanwhile Varus, disconcerted by Caesars promptitude and boldness, had turned about with his entire squadron and was now beating a hasty retreat to Hadrumetum." + }, + { + "id": 5272, + "la": "Quem Caesar in milibus passuum IIII consecutus reciperata quinqueremi cum suis omnibus epibatis atque etiam hostium custodibus CXXX in ea nave captis triremem hostium proximam, quae in repugnando erat commorata, onustam remigum epibatarumque cepit", + "en": "In four miles sail Caesar overhauled him, recovered one of his quinqueremes, complete with all its crew, and capturing in addition the enemy prize-crew aboard her, one hundred-and-thirty strong, and then captured the nearest enemy trireme, which in the course of the action had lagged behind the rest, with its full complement of rowers and marines." + }, + { + "id": 5273, + "la": "Reliquae naves hostium promunturium superarunt atque Hadrumetum in cothonem se universae contulerunt", + "en": "The rest of the enemy fleet doubled the headland, and one and all sought refuge in the inner harbour of Hadrumetum." + }, + { + "id": 5274, + "la": "Caesar eodem vento promunturium superare non potuit atque in salo in ancoris ea nocte commoratus prima luce Hadrumetum accedit ibique navibus onerariis quae erant extra cothonem incensis omnibusque reliquis ab eis aut subductis aut in cothonem compulsis paulisper commoratus, si forte vellent classe dimicare, rursus se recepit in castra", + "en": "But the wind did not hold for Caesar also to be able to double the headland; so after riding out that night at anchor in deep water he approached Hadrumetum at dawn. There he set fire to the transports which were outside the inner harbour and then, as all the others had either been beached by the enemy or massed inside the inner harbour, he waited a little while to see if by chance the enemy were disposed to fight a naval action and then withdrew back to his camp." + }, + { + "id": 5275, + "la": "In ea nave captus est P Vestrius, eques Romanus, et P Ligarius, Afranianus, quem Caesar in Hispania cum reliquis dimiserat, et postea se ad Pompeium contulerat, inde ex proelio effugerat in Africamque ad Varum venerat; quem ob periuri perfidiam Caesar iussit necari", + "en": "Among those made prisoner aboard that trireme was P. Vestrius, a Roman knight, and P. Ligarius, once a supporter of Afranius. Caesar had set the latter free in Spain along with the other Afranians,1 and he had later on joined Pompeius and then, as a fugitive after the battle (of Pharsalus), had come to Varus in Africa. In view of his falseness and treachery Caesar bade him be executed." + }, + { + "id": 5276, + "la": "P Vestrio autem, quod eius frater Romae pecuniam imperatam numeraverat et quod ipse suam causam probaverat Caesari, se a Nasidi classe captum, cum ad necem duceretur, beneficio Vari esse servatum, postea sibi facultatem nullam datam transeundi, ignovit", + "en": "P. Vestrius, on the other hand, he pardoned; for his brother had paid the stipulated ransom at Rome, and Vestrius himself had satisfied Caesar as to the honesty of his motives, explaining that he had been taken prisoner by the fleet of Nasidius, his life had been saved through the kindness of Varus just as he was being led off to execution, and after that he had been given no opportunity of going over to Caesars side." + }, + { + "id": 5277, + "la": "Est in Africa consuetudo incolarum ut in agris et in omnibus fere villis sub terra specus frumenti condendi gratia clam habeant atque id propter bella maxime hostiumque subitum adventum praeparent", + "en": "There is in Africa a custom among the natives whereby both in the open fields and in practically all their farm buildings they have a secret underground vault for the storage of corn, the main motive for this provision being wars and the sudden appearance of an enemy." + }, + { + "id": 5278, + "la": "Qua de re Caesar per indicem certior factus tertia vigilia legiones duas cum equitatu mittit a castris suis milia passuum X atque inde magno numero frumenti onustos recipit in castra", + "en": "When Caesar got to know of this custom through an informer, at the third watch of the night he sent two legions and some cavalry a distance of ten miles from his camp,2 and later saw them return to camp laden with a large quantity of corn." + }, + { + "id": 5279, + "la": "Quibus rebus cognitis Labienus progressus a suis castris milia passuum VII per iugum et collem, per quem Caesar pridie iter fecerat, ibi castra duarum legionum facit atque ipse cotidie existimans Caesarem eadem saepe frumentandi gratia commeaturum cum magno equitatu levique armatura insidiaturus locis idoneis considit", + "en": "When Labienus learned of this, he advanced seven miles from his camp across the hilly plateau across which Caesar had marched the day before, encamped two legions there and, supposing that Caesar would frequently pass along that same route for foraging purposes, established himself daily at suitable points to lie in wait for him with a large force of cavalry and light-armed troops." + }, + { + "id": 5280, + "la": "Caesar interim de insidiis Labieni ex perfugis certior factus paucos dies ibi commoratus, dum hostes cotidiano instituto saepe idem faciendo in neglegentiam adducerentur, subito mane imperat porta decumana legiones se III veteranas cum parte equitatus sequi atque equitibus praemissis neque opinantis insidiatores subito in convallibus latentis ex levi armatura concidit circiter D, reliquos in fugam turpissimam coniecit", + "en": "In the meantime information reached Caesar from deserters about Labienus trap. He waited in camp there a few days for the constant repetition of the same daily routine to lead the enemy into carelessness and then, early one morning, he suddenly gave the order that three veteran legions and a detachment of cavalry should follow him by way of the rear gate. Then, sending on the cavalry ahead, he suddenly surprised the enemy ambush lurking in the ravines, killing some five hundred of their light-armed troops and throwing the rest into a very unseemly rout." + }, + { + "id": 5281, + "la": "Interim Labienus cum universo equitatu fugientibus suis suppetias occurrit", + "en": "Whereupon Labienus dashed up with his entire cavalry force to the relief of his routed troops;" + }, + { + "id": 5282, + "la": "Cuius vim multitudinis cum equites pauci Caesariani iam sustinere non possent, Caesar instructas legiones hostium copiis ostendit", + "en": "and as the odds were now too great for the Caesarian horse to contain their powerful onslaught, Caesar displayed to the enemy forces his legions in battle formation." + }, + { + "id": 5283, + "la": "Quo facto perterrito Labieno ac retardato suos equites recepit incolumis", + "en": "This action utterly daunted and checked Labienus, and Caesar thereupon withdrew his own cavalry without loss." + }, + { + "id": 5284, + "la": "Postero die Iuba Numidas eos qui loco amisso fuga se receperant in castra in cruce omnis suffixit", + "en": "On the following day Juba crucified those Numidians who had quitted their posts and fled back to their camp." + }, + { + "id": 5285, + "la": "Caesar interim, quoniam inopia frumenti premebatur, copias omnis in castra conducit atque praesidio Lepti, Ruspinae, Acyllae relicto, Cispio Aquilaeque classe tradita ut alter Hadrumetum, alter Thapsum mari obsiderent, ipse castris incensis quarta noctis vigilia acie instructa impedimentis in sinistra parte collocatis ex eo loco proficiscitur et pervenit ad oppidum Aggar, quod a Gaetulis saepe antea oppugnatum summaque vi per ipsos oppidanos erat defensum", + "en": "Caesar meanwhile was embarrassed by lack of corn; for which reason he mustered all his forces in camp and, leaving troops to garrison Leptis, Ruspina and Acylla, and assigning his fleet to Cispius and Aquila to maintain the naval blockade, the one of Hadrumetum and the other of Thapsus, he himself set fire to his camp and at the fourth watch of the night in battle formation with his baggage concentrated on the left wing evacuated that position and came to the town of Aggar. This town had previously been repeatedly attacked by the Gaetulians only to be very stoutly defended by the inhabitants themselves." + }, + { + "id": 5286, + "la": "Ibi in campo castris unis positis ipse frumentatum circum villas cum parte exercitus profectus magno invento hordei, olei, vini, fici numero, pauco tritici, atque recreato exercitu redit in castra", + "en": "Here in the plain he pitched a single camp and then set off in person with part of his army on a foraging mission round the farmsteads; and finding a large quantity of barley, oil, wine and figs, and a little wheat, he returned to camp with his army duly refreshed." + }, + { + "id": 5287, + "la": "Scipio interim cognito Caesaris discessu cum universis copiis per iugum Caesarem subsequi coepit atque ab eius castris milia passuum VI longe trinis castris dispertitis copiis consedit", + "en": "Meanwhile Scipio, who had got to know of Caesars departure, proceeded to follow him across the plateau with his entire forces and established himself six miles away from Caesars camp, with his forces divided among three separate camps." + }, + { + "id": 5288, + "la": "Oppidum erat Zeta, quod aberat a Scipione milia passuum X, ad eius regionem et partem castrorum collocatum, a Caesare autem diversum ac remotum, quod erat ab eo longe milia passuum XIIII", + "en": "There was a town called Zeta, which was ten miles distant from Scipio but situated in the general direction of his camp; whereas it was relatively distant and remote'fourteen miles in fact'from Caesar.1" + }, + { + "id": 5289, + "la": "Huc Scipio legiones duas frumentandi gratia misit", + "en": "To this town Scipio sent two legions to forage." + }, + { + "id": 5290, + "la": "Quod postquam Caesar ex perfuga cognovit, castris ex campo in collem ac tutiora loca collatis atque ibi praesidio relicto ipse quarta vigilia egressus praeter hostium castra proficiscitur cum copiis et oppidum potitur", + "en": "When Caesar learned of this from a deserter he moved his camp from the plain to a safer position on the high ground; and leaving a covering force there, he himself set out at the fourth watch, marched on past the enemys camp, and took possession of the town." + }, + { + "id": 5291, + "la": "Legiones Scipionis comperit longius in agris frumentari et, cum eo contendere conaretur, animadvertit copias hostium his legionibus occurrere suppetias", + "en": "He then ascertained that Scipios legions were foraging farther afield; and he was just proceeding to march in their direction when he observed enemy forces hastening up to support those legions." + }, + { + "id": 5292, + "la": "Quae res eius impetum retardavit", + "en": "This circumstance made him loath to attack." + }, + { + "id": 5293, + "la": "Itaque capto C Minucio Regino, equite Romano, Scipionis familiarissimo, qui ei oppido praeerat, et P Atrio, equite Romano de conventu Uticensi, et camelis XXII regis abductis, praesidio ibi cum Oppio legato relicto ipse se recipere coepit ad castra", + "en": "And so, taking prisoner C. Minucius Reginus, the commandant of that town, who was a Roman knight and a very intimate friend of Scipio, and P. Atrius, a Roman knight and a member of the corporation of Utica, and leading away twenty-two of the kings camels, he proceeded to retire to camp, leaving his lieutenant, Oppius, with a garrison in the town." + }, + { + "id": 5294, + "la": "Cum iam non longe a castris Scipionis abesset, quae eum necesse erat praetergredi, Labienus Afraniusque cum omni equitatu levique armatura ex insidiis adorti agmini eius extremo se offerunt atque ex collibus proximis exsistunt", + "en": "When he was now not far away from Scipios camp, which of necessity he had to pass, Labienus and Afranius with all their cavalry and light-armed troops sprang up and revealed themselves from behind the nearby hills where they had been lurking in ambush, and flung themselves upon his rearguard." + }, + { + "id": 5295, + "la": "Quod postquam Caesar animum advertit, equitibus suis hostium vi oppositis sarcinas legionarios in acervum iubet comportare atque celeriter signa hostibus inferre", + "en": "Seeing himself thus attacked, Caesar deployed his cavalry to bear the brunt of the enemy onslaught and ordered his legionaries to pile their packs and promptly deliver a counter-attack." + }, + { + "id": 5296, + "la": "Quod postquam coeptum est fieri, primo impetu legionum equitatus et levis armatura hostium nullo negotio loco pulsa et deiecta est de colle", + "en": "As soon as this was under way the enemy cavalry and light-armed troops were without difficulty driven back and dislodged from the hill directly the legions charged." + }, + { + "id": 5297, + "la": "Cum iam Caesar existimasset hostis pulsos deterritosque finem lacessendi facturos et iter coeptum pergere coepisset, iterum celeriter ex proximis collibus erumpunt atque eadem ratione qua ante dixi in Caesaris legionarios impetum faciunt Numidae levisque armatura mirabili velocitate praediti, qui inter equites pugnabant et una pariterque cum equitibus accurrere et refugere consueverant", + "en": "No sooner had Caesar come to the conclusion that the enemy, beaten back and demoralised as they were, would now stop their harrying, and no sooner had he begun to resume his march, than once again they promptly flung themselves from the cover of the nearby hills and attacked Caesars legionaries, employing the same tactics as I described above'Numidians and light-armed troops they were, possessed of a marvellous turn of speed, fighting in the ranks of the cavalry and used to keeping pace with the horsemen and doubling forward or retreating at their side." + }, + { + "id": 5298, + "la": "Cum hoc saepius facerent et proficiscentis Iulianos insequerentur, refugerent instantis, propius non accederent et singulari genere pugnae uterentur equosque iaculis convulnerare satis esse existimarent, Caesar intellexit nihil aliud eos conari nisi ut se cogerent castra eo loco ponere ubi omnino aquae nihil esset, ut exercitus ieiunus, qui a quarta vigilia usque ad horam X diei nihil gustasset, ac iumenta siti perirent", + "en": "As they repeated this manoeuvre quite frequently, chasing the Julians as they marched and taking to flight when their opponents turned to attack them, and as they would not approach at all close, but employed peculiar tactics and were content with wounding the horses with their javelins, Caesar realised that what they were trying to do was no less than force him to pitch camp at a spot where there was not a drop of water, so that his famished army, which had tasted nothing at all from the fourth watch of the night right up till the tenth hour of the day, should die of thirst'both men and beasts." + }, + { + "id": 5299, + "la": "Cum iam ad solis occasum esset, et non totos C passus in horis IIII esset progressus, equitatu suo propter equorum interitum extremo agmine remoto legiones in vicem ad extremum agmen evocabat", + "en": "It was now nearly sundown and less than a hundred paces had been covered all told in four hours, when Caesar withdrew his cavalry'in view of the casualties among their horses'from the rearguard, and called on the legions to replace them." + }, + { + "id": 5300, + "la": "Ita vim hostium placide leniterque procedens per legionarium militem commodius sustinebat", + "en": "By employing the legionary troops in this manner and advancing calmly and at a gentle pace he found it less awkward to contain the enemys violent onslaught." + }, + { + "id": 5301, + "la": "Interim equitum Numidarum copiae dextra sinistraque per collis praecurrere coronaeque in modum cingere multitudine sua Caesaris copias, pars agmen extremum insequi", + "en": "Meanwhile detachments of the Numidian cavalry kept charging ahead along the high ground to his right and left and availing themselves of their superior numbers to surround Caesars forces with a kind of continuous circle of troops, while others of them pursued his rear-guard." + }, + { + "id": 5302, + "la": "Caesaris interim non amplius III aut IIII milites veterani si se convertissent et pila viribus contorta in Numidas infestos coniecissent, amplius duum milium numero ad unum terga vertebant ac rursus ad aciem passim conversis equis se colligebant atque in spatio consequebantur et iacula in legionarios coiciebant", + "en": "Meanwhile on Caesars part it needed no more than three or four of his veterans to wheel round and brandish and hurl amain their heavy javelins at the Numidians who menaced them for more than two thousand of the latter to turn tail to a man; and then, wheeling their horses round on all sides, they would regroup once more for battle and resume their pursuit at a set distance, hurling their javelins at the legionaries." + }, + { + "id": 5303, + "la": "Ita Caesar modo procedendo modo resistendo tardius itinere confecto noctis hora prima omnis suos ad unum in castra incolumis sauciis X factis reduxit", + "en": "In this manner, now advancing, now pausing to fight back, Caesar completed his march, albeit somewhat slowly; for it was the first hour of the night when he brought all his men back to camp, with not a single man lost and ten wounded." + }, + { + "id": 5304, + "la": "Labienus circiter CCC amissis, multis vulneratis ac defessis instando omnibus ad suos se recepit", + "en": "Labienus retired to his lines with roughly three hundred men missing, many wounded, and all his troops exhausted by their continuous offensive." + }, + { + "id": 5305, + "la": "Scipio interim legiones productas cum elephantis, quos ante castra in acie terroris gratia in conspectu Caesaris collocaverat, reducit in castra", + "en": "Meanwhile Scipio, who had deployed his legions, with the elephants posted in battle array in front of his camp in full view of Caesar to inspire terror, now led them back to camp." + }, + { + "id": 5306, + "la": "Caesar contra eiusmodi hostium genera copias suas non ut imperator exercitum veteranum victoremque maximis rebus gestis, sed ut lanista tirones gladiatores condocefacere;", + "en": "Faced with an enemy of this kind Caesar proceeded to train his forces, not as a commander trains a veteran army with a magnificent record of victorious achievements, but as a gladiatorial instructor trains his recruits." + }, + { + "id": 5307, + "la": "quot pedes se reciperent ab hoste et quem ad modum obversi adversariis et in quantulo spatio resisterent, modo procurrerent modo recederent comminarenturque impetum, ac prope quo loco et quem ad modum tela mitterent, praecipere", + "en": "How many feet they were to retreat from the enemy; the manner in which they must wheel round upon their adversary; the restricted space in which they must offer him resistance'now doubling forward, now retiring and making feint attacks; and almost the spot from which, and the manner in which they must discharge their missiles'these were the lessons he taught them." + }, + { + "id": 5308, + "la": "Mirifice enim hostium levis armatura anxium exercitum nostrum atque sollicitum habebat, quia et equites deterrebat proelium inire propter equorum interitum, quod eos iaculis interficiebat, et legionarium militem defatigabat propter velocitatem:", + "en": "For it was surprising the amount of worry and anxiety the enemys light-armed troops were causing our army, what with their making the cavalry chary of engaging for fear of losing their mounts, since the light-armed troops kept killing them with their javelins, and with their wearing the legionaries out by their speediness;" + }, + { + "id": 5309, + "la": "gravis enim armaturae miles simul atque ab eis insectatus constiterat in eosque impetum fecerat, illi veloci cursu periculum facile vitabant", + "en": "for no sooner had a heavy-armed soldier, when pursued by them, halted and then made an attack on them than their speed of movement enabled them easily to avoid the danger." + }, + { + "id": 5310, + "la": "Quibus ex rebus Caesar vehementer commovebatur quod, quotienscunque proelium erat commissum, equitatu suo sine legionario milite hostium equitatui levique armaturae eorum nullo modo par esse poterat", + "en": "As a result of this Caesar was seriously perturbed, since as often as an engagement had occurred he had been quite unable to be a match with his own cavalry, unsupported by legionary troops, for the enemy cavalry and their light-armed units." + }, + { + "id": 5311, + "la": "Sollicitabatur autem his rebus, quod nondum legiones hostium cognoverat, et quonam modo sustinere se posset ab eorum equitatu levique armatura, quae erat mirifica, si legiones quoque accessissent", + "en": "Moreover, there was this other problem which worried him: as yet he had had no experience of the enemy legions; and how, he wondered, could he cope with their cavalry and amazing light-armed troops if they were backed up by their legions too." + }, + { + "id": 5312, + "la": "Accedebat etiam haec causa, quod elephantorum magnitudo multitudoque animos militum detinebat in terrore", + "en": "He had yet another cause for anxiety'the panic with which the size and number of the elephants gripped the minds of his soldiers." + }, + { + "id": 5313, + "la": "Cui uni rei tamen invenerat remedium: namque elephantos ex Italia transportari iusserat, quos et miles nosset speciemque et virtutem bestiae cognosceret et cui parti corporis eius telum facile adigi posset, ornatusque ac loricatus cum esset elephas, quae pars corporis eius sine tegmine nuda relinqueretur, ut eo tela coicerentur;", + "en": "Here, however, was one problem to which he had found an answer; for he had ordered elephants to be brought across from Italy to enable our troops not only to become familiar with them, but also to get to know both the appearance and capabilities of the beast, what part of its body was readily vulnerable to a missile and, when an elephant was accoutred and armoured, what part of its body was still left uncovered and unprotected, so that their missiles should be aimed at that spot." + }, + { + "id": 5314, + "la": "praeterea ut iumenta bestiarum odorem, stridorem, speciem consuetudine capta non reformidarent", + "en": "He had also this further object in mind, that his horses should learn by familiarity with these beasts not to be alarmed by their scent, trumpeting or appearance." + }, + { + "id": 5315, + "la": "Quibus ex rebus largiter erat consecutus: nam et milites bestias manibus pertrectabant earumque tarditatem cognoscebant, equitesque in eos pila praepilata coiciebant, atque in consuetudinem equos patientia bestiarum adduxerat", + "en": "From this experiment he had profited handsomely: for the troops handled the beasts and came to appreciate their sluggishness; the cavalry hurled dummy javelins at them; and the docility of the beasts had brought the horses to feel at home with them." + }, + { + "id": 5316, + "la": "Ob has causas quas supra commemoravi sollicitabatur Caesar tardiorque et consideratior erat factus et ex pristina bellandi consuetudine celeritateque excesserat", + "en": "For the reasons above-mentioned Caesar was worried, and his old habitual dashing tactics had now given place to a more sedate and deliberate policy." + }, + { + "id": 5317, + "la": "Neque mirum: copias enim habebat in Gallia bellare consuetas locis campestribus et contra Gallos, homines apertos minimeque insidiosos, qui per virtutem, non per dolum dimicare consuerunt;", + "en": "And no wonder: for the troops he now commanded had been used to fighting in the flat terrain of Gaul against Gauls'men of forthright character with barely a trace of deceit, whose habit it is to rely on valour, not on guile, in their fighting;" + }, + { + "id": 5318, + "la": "tum autem erat ei laborandum ut consuefaceret milites hostium dolos, insidias, artificia cognoscere et quid sequi, quid vitare conveniret", + "en": "whereas now he had to perform the arduous task of accustoming his troops to recognise the tricks, traps and stratagems of the enemy, and what tactics could fittingly be adopted, and what avoided." + }, + { + "id": 5319, + "la": "Itaque, quo haec celerius conciperent, dabat operam ut legiones non in uno loco contineret sed per causam frumentandi huc atque illuc rapsaret, ideo quod hostium copias ab se suoque vestigio non discessuras existimabat", + "en": "Accordingly, to speed up this training of theirs, he took pains not to keep the legions confined to one area, but to keep them constantly on the move, first to one spot, then to another, ostensibly for foraging purposes, for the very reason that he reckoned the enemy forces would not fail to follow in his tracks." + }, + { + "id": 5320, + "la": "Atque post diem tertium productis accuratius suis copiis sicut instruxerat, propter hostium castra praetergressus aequo loco invitat ad dimicandum", + "en": "And two days later, when he had led forth his forces duly and carefully deployed, he marched past close to the enemys camp and challenged them to battle on level ground;" + }, + { + "id": 5321, + "la": "Postquam eos abhorrere videt, reducit sub vesperum legiones in castra", + "en": "but when he saw the enemy reluctant to accept, he led his legions back to camp as evening was approaching." + }, + { + "id": 5322, + "la": "Legati interim ex oppido Vaga, quod finitimum fuit Zetae, cuius Caesarem potitum esse demonstravimus, veniunt; petunt, obsecrant, ut sibi praesidium mittat; se res compluris quae utiles bello sint sumministraturos", + "en": "Meanwhile envoys arrived from the town of Vaga, which was near Zeta, the occupation of which by Caesar we have already described. They prayed and besought Caesar to send them a garrison, saying they would assist him by furnishing various supplies useful in war." + }, + { + "id": 5323, + "la": "Per id tempus deorum voluntate studioque erga Caesarem transfuga suos civis facit certiores Iubam regem celeriter cum copiis suis, antequam Caesaris praesidium eo perveniret, ad oppidum accucurrisse atque advenientem multitudine circumdata eo potitum omnibusque eius oppidi incolis ad unum interfectis dedisse oppidum diripiendum delendumque militibus", + "en": "At this point, by the good will of the gods and their favour towards Caesar, a deserter informed his compatriots that king Juba had speedily hastened to the town with his forces to forestall the arrival there of Caesars garrison; that at his coming he had surrounded the town with vast forces, won control of it, slaughtered all the inhabitants to a man, and then given it over to his troops to plunder and destroy." + }, + { + "id": 5324, + "la": "Caesar interim lustrato exercitu a d XII Kal April postero die productis universis copiis progressus ab suis castris milia passuum V, a Scipionis circiter duum milium interiecto spatio, in acie constitit", + "en": "Meanwhile Caesar ceremonially purified his army on March 21st. On the following day he led forth his entire forces, advanced five miles from his own camp, and took his stand in battle array at a distance of some two miles from Scipios camp." + }, + { + "id": 5325, + "la": "Postquam satis diuque adversarios ab se ad dimicandum invitatos supersedere pugnae animadvertit, reducit copias posteroque die castra movet atque iter ad oppidum Sarsuram, ubi Scipio Numidarum habuerat praesidium frumentumque comportaverat, ire contendit", + "en": "On perceiving that his opponents, despite this adequate and sustained challenge, declined his offer of battle, he led his forces back; and on the following day he struck camp and took the road to the town of Sarsura, where Scipio had posted a garrison of Numidians and laid in a stock of corn." + }, + { + "id": 5326, + "la": "Quod ubi Labienus animadvertit, cum equitatu levique armatura agmen eius extremum carpere coepit atque ita lixarum mercatorumque qui plaustris merces portabant interceptis sarcinis addito animo propius audaciusque accedit ad legiones, quod existimabat milites sub onere ac sub sarcinis defatigatos pugnare non posse", + "en": "When Labienus perceived this he proceeded to harry Caesars rear-guard with his cavalry and light-armed troops; and having by this means cut off the baggage trains of the sutlers and merchants who were carrying their wares in carts, he was thereby the more encouraged to grow bolder and come closer to the legions, since he supposed that the soldiers were worn out with carrying their heavy packs and so in no condition to fight." + }, + { + "id": 5327, + "la": "Quae res Caesarem non fefellerat: namque expeditos ex singulis legionibus trecenos milites esse iusserat", + "en": "But this contingency had not escaped Caesars attention: he had in fact given instructions that three hundred men out of each legion should be in light order;" + }, + { + "id": 5328, + "la": "Itaque eos in equitatum Labieni immissos turmis suorum suppetias mittit", + "en": "and these he accordingly despatched against Labienus cavalry to give support to his own squadrons." + }, + { + "id": 5329, + "la": "Tum Labienus conversis equis signorum conspectu perterritus turpissime fugere contendit", + "en": "Whereupon Labienus, dismayed at the sight of the standards, wheeled round his horses and beat a hasty and highly undignified retreat." + }, + { + "id": 5330, + "la": "Multis eius occisis, compluribus vulneratis milites legionarii ad sua se recipiunt signa atque iter inceptum ire coeperunt", + "en": "The legionary troops, having killed many of his men and wounded not a few, retired to their standards and proceeded to resume their march." + }, + { + "id": 5331, + "la": "Labienus per iugum summum collis dextrorsus procul subsequi non destitit", + "en": "Labienus still kept up his pursuit at a distance, moving along the crest of the ridge of hills upon the right." + }, + { + "id": 5332, + "la": "Postquam Caesar ad oppidum Sarsuram venit, inspectantibus adversariis interfecto praesidio Scipionis, cum suis auxilium ferre non auderent, fortiter repugnante P Cornelio, evocato Scipionis, qui ibi praeerat, atque a multitudine circumvento interfectoque oppido potitur atque ibi frumento exercitui dato postero die ad oppidum Thysdram pervenit;", + "en": "When Caesar came to the town of Sarsura he massacred Scipios garrison while his opponents looked on, not daring to assist their friends. Its commander, however, P. Cornelius, a reservist recalled by Scipio, offered a gallant resistance, but was surrounded by overwhelming numbers and killed. Then Caesar gained control of the town, distributed corn to his army on the spot, and arrived next day at the town of Thysdra." + }, + { + "id": 5333, + "la": "in quo Considius per id tempus fuerat cum grandi praesidio cohorteque sua gladiatorum", + "en": "Considius was in the town at this time with a considerable garrison force and his own bodyguard of gladiators." + }, + { + "id": 5334, + "la": "Caesar oppidi natura perspecta aquae inopia ab oppugnatione eius deterritus protinus profectus circiter milia passuum IIII ad aquam facit castra atque inde quarta vigilia egressus redit rursus ad ea castra quae ad Aggar habuerat", + "en": "Caesar studied the characteristics of the town, and the lack of water discouraged him from attacking it: he then set out forthwith and pitched a camp some four miles away near water, only to quit it at the fourth watch and return once again to the camp he had occupied near Aggar." + }, + { + "id": 5335, + "la": "Idem facit Scipio atque in antiqua castra copias reducit", + "en": "Scipio followed suit and led his forces back to his old camp." + }, + { + "id": 5336, + "la": "Thabenenses interim, qui sub dicione et potestate Iubae esse consuessent in extrema eius regni regione maritima locati, interfecto regio praesidio legatos ad Caesarem mittunt, rem a se gestam docent, petunt orantque ut suis fortunis populus Romanus, quod bene meriti essent, auxilium ferret", + "en": "Meanwhile the inhabitants of Thabena,1 who dwelt on the coast at the extreme verge of Jubas kingdom and were his traditional lieges and subjects, had none the less massacred the royal garrison, and now sent envoys to Caesar informing him of their action and earnestly soliciting that the Roman people should give them succour in their present plight, as they had deserved well at their hands." + }, + { + "id": 5337, + "la": "Caesar eorum consilio probato Marcium Crispum tribus cum cohortibus et sagittariis tormentisque compluribus praesidio Thabenam mittit", + "en": "Caesar approved their policy and sent Marcius Crispus with three cohorts and numerous archers and pieces of artillery to Thabena as a garrison force." + }, + { + "id": 5338, + "la": "Eodem tempore ex legionibus omnibus milites qui aut morbo impediti aut commeatu dato cum signis non potuerant ante transire in Africam ad milia IIII, equites CCCC, funditores sagittariique mille uno commeatu Caesari occurrerunt", + "en": "It was at this same time that Caesar was reinforced by the troops from all his legions who, whether prevented by sickness or because they had been granted leave, had previously been unable to cross to Africa with the colours: these comprised about four thousand infantry, four hundred cavalry and a thousand slingers and archers, and all came in one convoy." + }, + { + "id": 5339, + "la": "Itaque cum his copiis et omnibus legionibus eductis, sicut erat instructus, V milibus passuum ab suis castris, ab Scipionis vero II milibus passuum longe constitit in campo", + "en": "And so, leading out all his legions, including these forces, he took up a position in battle array in the plain five miles away from his own camp and two miles distant from Scipios." + }, + { + "id": 5340, + "la": "Erat oppidum infra castra Scipionis nomine Tegea, ubi praesidium equestre circiter II milium numero habere consuerat", + "en": "Below Scipios camp there was a town called Tegea, where he kept a standing garrison force of cavalry numbering some two thousand men." + }, + { + "id": 5341, + "la": "Eo equitatu dextra sinistra derecto ab oppidi lateribus ipse legiones ex castris eductas atque in iugo inferiore instructas non longius fere mille passus ab suis munitionibus progressus in acie constituit", + "en": "This cavalry he now deployed in line on the right- and left-hand flanks of the town, while he himself led his legions out of camp and after advancing not much more than about a mile from his defences drew them up arrayed in battle formation on the lower slopes of a ridge." + }, + { + "id": 5342, + "la": "Postquam diutius in uno loco Scipio commorabatur et tempus diei in otio consumebatur, Caesar equitum turmas suorum iubet in hostium equitatum qui ad oppidum in statione erant facere impressionem levemque armaturam, sagittarios funditoresque eodem summittit", + "en": "After some little time had elapsed without Scipios shifting his position, and as the daylight hours were being frittered away in inaction, Caesar ordered some squadrons of his own horse to make a charge against the enemy cavalry which were posted on guard near the town, and despatched some light-armed units, archers and slingers to the same objective in support." + }, + { + "id": 5343, + "la": "Quod ubi coeptum est fieri et equis concitatis Iuliani impetum fecissent, Pacideius suos equites exporrigere coepit in longitudinem, ut haberent facultatem turmas Iulianas circumfundi et nihilo minus fortissime acerrimeque pugnare", + "en": "When this manoeuvre was under way and the Julians had delivered their attack at full gallop, Pacideius began to deploy his horsemen on a broader front, to enable them to swarm round the flanks of the Julian cavalry and still fight with the utmost gallantry and spirit." + }, + { + "id": 5344, + "la": "Quod ubi Caesar animadvertit, CCC, quos ex legionibus habere expeditos consuerat, ex legione quae proxima ei proelio in acie constiterat iubet equitatui succurrere", + "en": "When Caesar observed these tactics he instructed the three hundred men in light order'it was his normal practice that this number of men in each of his legions should be in light order'from the legion which was posted in the line nearest the scene of this action to hasten to the assistance of the cavalry." + }, + { + "id": 5345, + "la": "Labienus interim suis equitibus auxilia equestria summittere sauciisque ac defatigatis integros recentioribusque viribus equites sumministrare", + "en": "Meanwhile Labienus sent cavalry reinforcements to support his own horsemen, furnishing unscathed troopers and those whose strength was relatively unspent to take the place of their wounded or exhausted comrades." + }, + { + "id": 5346, + "la": "Postquam equites Iuliani CCCC vim hostium ad IIII milia numero sustinere non poterant et ab levi armatura Numidarum vulnerabantur minutatimque cedebant, Caesar alteram alam mittit qui satagentibus celeriter occurrerent", + "en": "Now that the four hundred Julian cavalry were finding it impossible to contain the violent onslaught of an enemy some four thousand strong, and were suffering casualties at the hands of the light-armed Numidians and giving ground very slightly, Caesar despatched a second wing of cavalry to dash speedily to the help of his hard-pressed men." + }, + { + "id": 5347, + "la": "Quo facto sui sublati universi in hostis impressione facta in fugam adversarios dederunt; multis occisis, compluribus vulneratis insecuti per III milia passuum usque ad collem hostibus adactis se ad suos recipiunt", + "en": "This action raised the spirits of his troops, who delivered a massed charge against the enemy and turned their opponents to flight; and after killing many and wounding not a few and chasing the enemy for three miles and driving them right up to the high ground they retired to their lines." + }, + { + "id": 5348, + "la": "Caesar in horam X commoratus, sicut erat instructus, se ad sua castra recepit omnibus incolumibus", + "en": "Caesar waited till the tenth hour and then withdrew to his camp in battle order without any losses." + }, + { + "id": 5349, + "la": "In quo proelio Pacideius graviter pilo per cassidem caput ictus compluresque duces ac fortissimus quisque interfecti vulneratique sunt", + "en": "In this engagement Pacideius was seriously wounded in the head by a heavy javelin which pierced his helmet; and several of the enemy leaders and all their bravest men were either killed or wounded." + }, + { + "id": 5350, + "la": "Postquam nulla condicione cogere adversarios poterat ut in aequum locum descenderent legionumque periculum facerent, neque ipse propius hostem castra ponere propter aquae penuriam se posse animadvertebat, adversarios non virtute eorum confidere sed aquarum inopia fretos despicere se intellexit, II Non Apr tertia vigilia egressus ab Aggar XVI milia nocte progressus ad Thapsum, ubi Vergilius cum grandi praesidio praeerat, castra ponit oppidum-que eo die circummunire coepit locaque idonea opportunaque complura praesidiis occupare, hostes ne intrare ad se ac loca interiora capere possent", + "en": "Finding it impossible on any terms to induce his opponents to come down to level ground and risk their legions, and realising that it was equally impossible for him to pitch his own camp closer to the enemy owing to the poor supply of water, and perceiving that his opponents, so far from having any confidence in their own valour, were led to hold him in contempt by their reliance on the dearth of water, Caesar left Aggar on April 4th at the third watch.1 Then, after advancing sixteen miles by night, he pitched camp near Thapsus,2 where Vergilius was in command with a considerable garrison. That same day he began to invest the town, seizing and manning several suitable strategic points to prevent the enemys being able to infiltrate and approach him, or capture any inner positions." + }, + { + "id": 5351, + "la": "Scipio interim cognitis Caesaris consiliis ad necessitatem adductus dimicandi, ne per summum dedecus fidissimos suis rebus Thapsitanos et Vergilium amitteret, confestim Caesarem per superiora loca consecutus milia passuum VIII a Thapso binis castris consedit", + "en": "Scipio had in the meantime got to know of Caesars plans; and being now reduced to the necessity of fighting, if he was to avoid the utter humiliation of losing Vergilius and those most staunch supporters of his cause'the men of Thapsus, he forthwith followed Caesar along the high ground and established himself in two camps at a distance of eight miles from Thapsus." + }, + { + "id": 5352, + "la": "Erat stagnum salinarum, inter quod et mare angustiae quaedam non amplius mille et D passus intererant; quas Scipio intrare et Thapsitanis auxilium ferre conabatur", + "en": "There was a lagoon of salt water, separated from the sea by a certain narrow strip of land not more than a mile and a half wide; and this corridor Scipio now attempted to enter to bring help to the men of Thapsus." + }, + { + "id": 5353, + "la": "Quod futurum Caesarem non fefellerat", + "en": "The likelihood of such a move had not escaped Caesars attention:" + }, + { + "id": 5354, + "la": "Namque pridie in eo loco castello munito ibique III cohortium praesidio relicto ipse cum reliquis copiis lunatis castris Thapsum operibus circummunivit", + "en": "in fact, the day before he had built a fort at this spot and left behind a force of three cohorts to hold it, while he himself with the rest of his forces established a crescent-shaped camp and invested Thapsus with a ring of siege works." + }, + { + "id": 5355, + "la": "Scipio interim exclusus ab incepto, itinere supra stagnum postero die et nocte confecto, caelo albente non longe a castris praesidioque quod supra commemoravi MD passibus ad mare versus consedit et castra munire coepit", + "en": "Meanwhile Scipio, foiled in his undertaking, by-passed the lagoon to the north by a march which he completed in the ensuing day and night,1 and then, at the first pale light of dawn, took up a position not far from the camp and the defence area I mentioned above,2 and a mile and a half from the sea coast;3 and there he began to fortify a camp." + }, + { + "id": 5356, + "la": "Quod postquam Caesari nuntiatum est, milite ab opere deducto, castris praesidio Asprenate pro consule cum legionibus duabus relicto ipse cum expedita copia in eum locum citatim contendit, classisque parte ad Thapsum relicta reliquas navis iubet post hostium tergum quam maxime ad litus appelli signumque suum observare, quo signo dato subito clamore facto ex improviso hostibus aversis incuterent terrorem, ut perturbati ac perterriti respicere post terga cogerentur", + "en": "When this was reported to Caesar, the latter withdrew his troops from their work of fortification, left behind the pro-consul Asprenas to guard the camp with two legions, and hurriedly marched to that location with a force in light order. As for his fleet, part of it was left behind off Thapsus, while the remaining ships were ordered to advance as close as possible inshore in rear of the enemy and to watch for a signal from Caesar; on the giving of which signal they were suddenly to raise a shout, surprise the enemy from the rear, and thus demoralise them, so that in their utter confusion and panic they would be obliged to look behind them." + }, + { + "id": 5357, + "la": "Quo postquam Caesar pervenit et animadvertit aciem pro vallo Scipionis constitutam elephantis dextro sinistroque cornu collocatis, et nihilo minus partem militum castra non ignaviter munire, ipse acie triplici collocata,", + "en": "When Caesar arrived there and observed Scipios battle line arrayed in front of the rampart, with the elephants posted on the right and left wings, while none the less part of his troops were busily engaged in fortifying the camp, he himself disposed his army in three lines:" + }, + { + "id": 5358, + "la": "legione X VII.que dextro cornu, VIII et VIIII sinistro oppositis, quintae legionis in quarta acie ad ipsa cornua quinis cohortibus contra bestias collocatis, sagittariis, funditoribus in utrisque cornibus dispositis levique armatura inter equites interiecta, ipse pedibus circum milites concursans virtutesque veteranorum proeliaque superiora commemorans blandeque appellans animos eorum excitabat", + "en": "the Tenth and Seventh legions he posted on the right wing, the Eighth and Ninth on the left, while five cohorts of the Fifth legion were stationed on each of the actual wings, forming a fourth line to contain the elephants; and his archers and slingers were deployed on either wing, and the light-armed units interspersed among the cavalry. Caesar himself hurriedly went the rounds of his troops on foot, reminding the veterans of their gallant bearing in previous combats and raising their morale by flattering appeals." + }, + { + "id": 5359, + "la": "Tirones autem, qui numquam in acie dimicassent, hortabatur ut veteranorum virtutem aemularentur eorumque famam, locum, nomen victoria parta cuperent possidere", + "en": "As for the recruits, seeing they had never so far fought in pitched battle, he urged them to emulate the gallantry of the veterans and to make it their ambition by gaining a victory to enjoy a fame, status and renown equal to theirs." + }, + { + "id": 5360, + "la": "Itaque in circumeundo exercitu animadvertit hostis circa vallum trepidare atque ultro citroque pavidos concursare et modo se intra portas recipere, modo inconstanter immoderateque prodire", + "en": "Now in the course of making these rounds of his army he observed that the enemy in the neighbourhood of their rampart were excited, rushing hither and thither in alarm, now retiring inside the gates, now trooping out in a spasmodic and undisciplined fashion." + }, + { + "id": 5361, + "la": "Cum idem a pluribus animadverti coeptum esset, subito legati evocatique obsecrare Caesarem ne dubitaret signum dare: victoriam sibi propriam a dis immortalibus portendi", + "en": "Several others were beginning to observe the same symptoms when without more ado his lieutenants and reservists implored Caesar not to hesitate to give the signal, saying that it was decisive victory that the immortal gods were thus foretelling them." + }, + { + "id": 5362, + "la": "Dubitante Caesare atque eorum studio cupiditatique resistente sibique eruptione pugnari non placere clamitante, etiam atque etiam aciem sustentante, subito dextro cornu iniussu Caesaris tubicen a militibus coactus canere coepit", + "en": "Caesar still hesitated, opposing their impetuous eagerness, repeatedly protesting that a precipitate sally was not his approved way of fighting, and again and again holding his battle line in check; when suddenly on the right wing, without orders from Caesar but under coercion of the troops, a trumpeter began to sound the charge." + }, + { + "id": 5363, + "la": "Quo facto ab universis cohortibus signa in hostem coepere inferri, cum centuriones pectore adverso resisterent vique continerent milites, ne iniussu imperatoris concurrerent, nec quicquam proficerent", + "en": "Whereupon every single cohort began to attack the enemy, despite the resistance of the centurions, who planted themselves in the path of the troops and sought to hold them back by force to prevent their attacking without orders from the commander-in-chief, but all in vain." + }, + { + "id": 5364, + "la": "Quod postquam Caesar intellexit incitatis militum animis resisti nullo modo posse, signo Felicitatis dato equo admisso in hostem contra principes ire contendit", + "en": "When Caesar realised that it was quite out of the question to hold back his troops in their present state of excitement, he signalled Good Luck and giving his horse its head rode in hot haste against the enemy front ranks." + }, + { + "id": 5365, + "la": "A dextro interim cornu funditores sagittariique concita tela in elephantos frequentes iniciunt", + "en": "Meanwhile on the right wing the slingers and archers in crowds launched rapid volleys of missiles against the elephants." + }, + { + "id": 5366, + "la": "Quo facto bestiae stridore fundarum, lapidum plumbique iactatu perterritae sese convertere et suos post se frequentis stipatosque proterere et in portas valli semifactas ruere contendunt", + "en": "Whereupon the beasts, terrified by the whizzing sound of the slings and by the stones and leaden bullets launched against them, speedily wheeled round, trampled under foot the massed and serried ranks of their own supporting troops behind them, and rushed towards the half-completed gates of the rampart." + }, + { + "id": 5367, + "la": "Item Mauri equites, qui in eodem cornu elephantis erant, praesidio deserti principes fugiunt", + "en": "The Moorish cavalry, who were posted on the same wing as the elephants, followed suit and, abandoned by their protective screen, started the rout." + }, + { + "id": 5368, + "la": "Ita celeriter bestiis circumitis legiones vallo hostium sunt potitae, et paucis acriter repugnantibus interfectisque reliqui concitati in castra unde pridie erant egressi confugiunt", + "en": "Having thus speedily got round the elephants, the legions gained possession of the enemys rampart; and when the few defenders who offered a spirited resistance had been killed, the remainder precipitately sought refuge in the camp from which they had issued the day before." + }, + { + "id": 5369, + "la": "Non videtur esse praetermittendum de virtute militis veterani V legionis", + "en": "I ought not, I think, to omit to mention the gallantry of a veteran soldier of the Fifth legion." + }, + { + "id": 5370, + "la": "Nam cum in sinistro cornu elephas vulnere ictus et dolore concitatus in lixam inermem impetum fecisset eumque sub pede subditum dein genu innixus pondere suo proboscide erecta vibrantique stridore maximo premeret atque enecaret, miles hic non potuit pati quin se armatus bestiae offerret", + "en": "On the left wing an elephant, maddened by the pain of a wound it had received, had attacked an unarmed sutler, pinned him underfoot, and then knelt upon him; and now, with its trunk erect and swaying, and trumpeting loudly, it was crushing him to death with its weight. This was more than the soldier could bear; he could not but confront the beast, fully armed as he was." + }, + { + "id": 5371, + "la": "Quem postquam elephas ad se telo infesto venire animadvertit, relicto cadavere militem proboscide circumdat atque in sublime extollit", + "en": "When it observed him coming towards it with weapon poised to strike, the elephant abandoned the corpse, encircled the soldier with its trunk, and lifted him up in the air." + }, + { + "id": 5372, + "la": "Armatus, qui in eiusmodi periculo constanter agendum sibi videret, gladio proboscidem qua erat circumdatus caedere quantum viribus poterat non destitit", + "en": "The soldier, perceiving that a dangerous crisis of this sort demanded resolute action on his part, hewed with his sword again and again at the encircling trunk with all the strength he could muster." + }, + { + "id": 5373, + "la": "Quo dolore adductus elephas milite abiecto maximo cum stridore cursuque conversus ad reliquas bestias se recepit", + "en": "The resulting pain caused the elephant to drop the soldier, wheel round, and with shrill trumpetings make all speed to rejoin its fellows." + }, + { + "id": 5374, + "la": "Interim Thapso qui erant praesidio ex oppido eruptionem porta maritima faciunt et, sive ut suis subsidio occurrerent, sive ut oppido deserto fuga salutem sibi parerent, egrediuntur atque ita per mare umbilici fine ingressi terram petebant", + "en": "Meanwhile the members of the garrison of Thapsus made a sortie from the town by way of the seaward gate and, whether their object was to hasten to the aid of their fellows, or to abandon the town and secure their own safety by flight, out they came and accordingly, wading waist-high into the sea, made for the land." + }, + { + "id": 5375, + "la": "Qui a servitiis puerisque qui in castris erant lapidibus pilisque prohibiti terram attingere rursus se in oppidum receperunt", + "en": "They were, however, prevented from reaching land by stones and heavy javelins hurled by the slaves and lackeys in the camp;1 and so they returned back into the town." + }, + { + "id": 5376, + "la": "Interim Scipionis copiis prostratis passimque toto campo fugientibus confestim Caesaris legiones consequi spatiumque se non dare colligendi", + "en": "Meanwhile Scipios forces, now thrown into utter confusion, were in wholesale retreat in every sector of the field, and Caesars legions promptly pursued them without giving them any respite in which to pull themselves together." + }, + { + "id": 5377, + "la": "Qui postquam ad ea castra quae petebant perfugerunt, ut refecti castris rursus sese defenderent ducemque aliquem requirerent, quem respicerent, cuius auctoritate imperioque rem gererent:", + "en": "When the fugitives reached the camp they were making for, with the object of making a recovery there and defending themselves once more, and of trying to find someone to lead them'someone to look up to, under whose authority and command they could carry on the fight;" + }, + { + "id": 5378, + "la": "'qui postquam animadverterunt neminem ibi esse praesidio, protinus armis abiectis in regia castra fugere contendunt", + "en": "when they got there and perceived that there was nobody guarding it, they forthwith discarded their armour and beat a hasty retreat to the royal camp." + }, + { + "id": 5379, + "la": "Quo postquam pervenerunt, ea quoque ab Iulianis teneri vident", + "en": "This too on their arrival they saw to be in the hands of the Julians." + }, + { + "id": 5380, + "la": "Desperata salute in quodam colle consistunt atque armis demissis salutationem more militari faciunt", + "en": "Abandoning all hope of salvation, they now halted on a hill and gave the military salute by lowering their arms." + }, + { + "id": 5381, + "la": "Quibus miseris ea res parvo praesidio fuit", + "en": "This gesture, unhappily for them, stood them in but little stead." + }, + { + "id": 5382, + "la": "Namque milites veterani ira et dolore incensi non modo ut parcerent hosti non poterant adduci sed etiam ex suo exercitu inlustris urbanos, quos auctores appellabant, compluris aut vulnerarunt aut interfecerunt;", + "en": "For Caesars veterans were filled with such burning indignation and resentment that, so far from any possibility of inducing them to spare the enemy, they actually wounded or killed several men of culture and distinction among the ranks of their own side, calling them ringleaders." + }, + { + "id": 5383, + "la": "in quo numero fuit Tullius Rufus quaestorius, qui pilo traiectus consulto a milite interiit;", + "en": "Among these was Tullius Rufus, an ex-quaestor, who was mortally wounded by a soldier who deliberately ran him through with a heavy javelin;" + }, + { + "id": 5384, + "la": "item Pompeius Rufus bracchium gladio percussus, nisi celeriter ad Caesarem accucurrisset, interfectus esset", + "en": "and similarly Pompeius Rufus was stabbed in the arm with a sword and would have been done to death, had he not promptly rushed to Caesars side." + }, + { + "id": 5385, + "la": "Quo facto complures equites Romani senatoresque perterriti ex proelio se receperunt, ne a militibus, qui ex tanta victoria licentiam sibi assumpsissent immoderate peccandi impunitatis spe propter maximas res gestas, ipsi quoque interficerentur", + "en": "This behaviour caused grave alarm among quite a number of Roman knights and senators, who retired from the battle lest they themselves should also be massacred by the soldiers, who after so resounding a victory had apparently taken it for granted that they were free to perpetrate any excesses, on the assumption that they would go unpunished in view of their magnificent achievements." + }, + { + "id": 5386, + "la": "Itaque ei omnes Scipionis milites cum fidem Caesaris implorarent", + "en": "Accordingly, although all these troops of Scipio implored Caesars protection," + }, + { + "id": 5387, + "la": "inspectante ipso Caesare et a militibus deprecante eis uti parcerent, ad unum sunt interfecti", + "en": "they were massacred to a man, despite the fact that Caesar himself was looking on and entreating his troops to spare them." + }, + { + "id": 5388, + "la": "Caesar trinis castris potitus occisisque hostium X milibus fugatisque compluribus se recepit L militibus amissis, paucis sauciis in castra ac statim ex itinere ante oppidum Thapsum constitit elephantosque LXIIII ornatos armatosque cum turribus ornamentisque capit, captos ante oppidum instructos constituit, id hoc consilio, si posset Vergilius quique cum eo obsidebantur rei male gestae suorum indicio a pertinacia deduci", + "en": "Having made himself master of three camps and killed ten thousand of the enemy and routed a large number, Caesar retired to camp with fifty soldiers missing and a few wounded. Immediately on his arrival he established himself in front of the town of Thapsus. He then took sixty-four elephants, equipped, armed and complete with towers and harness, and these he now drew up in array in front of the town: his object in so doing was to see if Vergilius and the others who were being besieged with him could be induced to abandon their obstinate resistance by the evidence of their comrades failure." + }, + { + "id": 5389, + "la": "Deinde ipse Vergilium appellavit invitavitque ad deditionem suamque lenitatem et clementiam commemoravit", + "en": "He then addressed a personal appeal to Vergilius inviting him to surrender and reminding him of his own leniency and clemency;" + }, + { + "id": 5390, + "la": "Quem postquam animadvertit responsum sibi non dare, ab oppido discessit", + "en": "but on failing to observe any response he withdrew from the town." + }, + { + "id": 5391, + "la": "Postero die divina re facta contione advocata in conspectu oppidanorum milites collaudat totumque exercitum veteranorum donavit, praemia fortissimo cuique ac bene merenti pro suggestu tribuit, ac statim inde digressus Rebilo pro consule cum III ad Thapsum legionibus et Cn Domitio cum duabus Thysdrae, ubi Considius praeerat, ad obsidendum relictis, M Messalla Uticam ante praemisso cum equitatu ipse eodem iter facere contendit", + "en": "On the following day, after offering sacrifice, he held a parade and in full view of the occupants of the town congratulated his troops, rewarding his entire veteran force and bestowing decorations publicly in front of the dais for conspicuous gallantry and meritorious service. Thereupon he immediately withdrew from the town, leaving behind the proconsul Rebilus in front of Thapsus with three legions and Cn. Domitius with two at Thysdra, where Considius was in command, to continue the blockades of these places; and then, sending M. Messalla on ahead to Utica with the cavalry, he himself also proceeded with despatch to the same destination." + }, + { + "id": 5392, + "la": "Equites interim Scipionis qui ex proelio fugerant, cum Uticam versus iter facerent, perveniunt ad oppidum Paradae", + "en": "Meanwhile those horsemen of Scipios who had escaped from the battle were proceeding in the direction of Utica when they came to the town of Parada." + }, + { + "id": 5393, + "la": "Ubi cum ab incolis non reciperentur, ideo quod fama de victoria Caesaris praecucurrisset, vi oppido potiti in medio foro lignis coacervatis omnibusque rebus eorum congestis ignem subiciunt atque eius oppidi incolas cuiusque generis aetatisque vivos constrictosque in flammam coiciunt atque ita acerbissimo adficiunt supplicio; deinde protinus Uticam perveniunt", + "en": "Being refused admittance by the inhabitants'for the tidings of Caesars victory had preceded them'they gained possession of the town by force; then, making a pile of faggots in the middle of the market-place and heaping on top all the inhabitants possessions, they set fire to it and then flung into the flames, alive and bound, the inhabitants of the town themselves, irrespective of rank or age, thereby meting out to them the most cruel of all punishments. Whereupon they came straight to Utica." + }, + { + "id": 5394, + "la": "Superiore tempore M Cato, quod in Uticensibus propter beneficium legis Iuliae parum suis partibus praesidi esse existimaverat, plebem inermem oppido eiecerat et ante portam bellicam castris fossaque parvula dumtaxat muniverat ibique custodiis circumdatis habitare coegerat; senatum autem oppidi custodia tenebat", + "en": "Now earlier on M. Cato had come to the conclusion that on account of the benefit they had received from the Julian law1 the men of Utica were but luke-warm supporters of his cause; and so he had expelled the unarmed mob from the town, built a concentration camp in front of the military gate, protected by quite a shallowish trench, and forced them to live there cordoned off by sentries. As for the towns senate, he kept it under restraint." + }, + { + "id": 5395, + "la": "Eorum castra ei equites adorti expugnare coeperunt, ideo quod eos Caesaris partibus favisse sciebant, ut eis interfectis eorum pernicie dolorem suum ulciscerentur", + "en": "This concentration camp of theirs Scipios horsemen now attacked and began to storm, for the very reason that they knew that its occupants had been adherents of Caesars side; and if they massacred them their destruction might serve to avenge their own sense of disappointment." + }, + { + "id": 5396, + "la": "Uticenses animo addito ex Caesaris victoria lapidibus fustibusque equites reppulerunt", + "en": "But the people of Utica, emboldened as a result of Caesars victory, drove back the horsemen with stones and clubs." + }, + { + "id": 5397, + "la": "Itaque postea quam castra non potuerant potiri,", + "en": "And so, finding it impossible to gain possession of the camp," + }, + { + "id": 5398, + "la": "Uticam se in oppidum coniecerunt atque ibi multos Uticensis interfecerunt domosque eorum expugnaverunt ac diripuerunt", + "en": "the horsemen hurled themselves upon the town of Utica, where they massacred many of the inhabitants and stormed and looted their houses." + }, + { + "id": 5399, + "la": "Quibus cum Cato persuadere nulla ratione quiret ut secum oppidum defenderent et caede rapinisque desisterent et quid sibi vellent sciret, sedandae eorum importunitatis gratia singulis C divisit", + "en": "As Cato could not persuade them by any means to join him in defending the town or cease from their butchery and pillaging, and as he was aware of their intentions, he distributed a hundred sesterces to each of them by way of appeasing their wanton attitude." + }, + { + "id": 5400, + "la": "Idem Sulla Faustus fecit ac de sua pecunia largitus est unaque cum his ab Utica proficiscitur atque in regnum ire intendit", + "en": "Faustus Sulla followed suit and bribed them out of his own pocket; he then left Utica with them and proceeded on his way to Jubas kingdom." + }, + { + "id": 5401, + "la": "Complures interim ex fuga Uticam perveniunt", + "en": "Meanwhile a considerable number of the fugitives reached Utica." + }, + { + "id": 5402, + "la": "Quos omnis Cato convocatos una cum CCC, qui pecuniam Scipioni ad bellum faciendum contulerant, hortatur uti servitia manumitterent oppidumque defenderent", + "en": "All these, together with the Three Hundred,1 who had contributed money to Scipio for the prosecution of the war, Scipio now called together and urged them to set their slaves at liberty and defend the town." + }, + { + "id": 5403, + "la": "Quorum cum partem assentire, partem animum mentemque perterritam atque in fugam destinatam habere intellexisset, amplius de ea re agere destitit navisque his attribuit, ut in quas quisque partis vellet proficisceretur", + "en": "On perceiving that, while some of them agreed with him, others were thoroughly scared at heart and had set their minds on flight, he refrained from further mention of the subject and assigned ships to the latter to enable them to leave for the destination of their individual choice." + }, + { + "id": 5404, + "la": "Ipse omnibus rebus diligentissime constitutis, liberis suis L Caesari, qui tum ei pro quaestore fuerat, commendatis, et sine suspicione, vultu atque sermone quo superiore tempore usus fuerat, cum dormitum isset, ferrum intro clam in cubiculum tulit atque ita se traiecit", + "en": "As for himself, having made all arrangements with the greatest care and entrusted his children to L. Caesar, who at the time was acting as his quaestor, he retired to bed without arousing any suspicions, there being nothing unusual either about the way he looked or the way he talked; and then, having secretly smuggled a dagger into his bedroom, he accordingly stabbed himself." + }, + { + "id": 5405, + "la": "Qui dum anima nondum exspirata concidisset, et impetu facto in cubiculum ex suspicione medicus familiaresque continere atque vulnus obligare coepissent, ipse suis manibus vulnus crudelissime divellit atque animo praesenti se interemit", + "en": "He had collapsed but was still breathing when his doctor and some members of his household, suspecting something amiss, forced their way into the bedroom and proceeded to staunch and bind up the wound; but with his own hands he tore it open with utter ruthlessness and resolutely made an end of himself." + }, + { + "id": 5406, + "la": "Quem Uticenses quamquam oderant partium gratia, tamen propter eius singularem integritatem, et quod dissimillimus reliquorum ducum fuerat quodque Uticam mirificis operibus muniverat turrisque auxerat, sepultura adficiunt", + "en": "Despite their hatred of him on party grounds, yet, on account of his unique integrity, and because he had proved so very different from the other leaders and had fortified Utica with wonderful defences and extended its battlements, the men of Utica accorded him burial." + }, + { + "id": 5407, + "la": "Quo interfecto L Caesar ut aliquid sibi ex ea re auxili pararet convocato populo contione habita cohortatur omnis ut portae aperirentur: se in C Caesaris clementia magnam spem habere", + "en": "After Catos suicide L. Caesar, intending to turn this incident somehow to his personal advantage, delivered a speech to the assembled people in which he urged them all to open their gates, saying that he set great store by C. Caesars clemency." + }, + { + "id": 5408, + "la": "Itaque portis patefactis Utica egressus Caesari imperatori obviam proficiscitur", + "en": "Accordingly, the gates were thrown open and he came out from Utica and set forth to meet Caesar, the commander-in-chief." + }, + { + "id": 5409, + "la": "Messalla, ut erat imperatum, Uticam pervenit omnibusque portis custodias ponit", + "en": "Messalla arrived at Utica in accordance with his instructions and posted guards at all the gates." + }, + { + "id": 5410, + "la": "Caesar interim ab Thapso progressus Ussetam pervenit, ubi Scipio magnum frumenti numerum, armorum, telorum ceterarumque rerum cum parvo praesidio habuerat", + "en": "Caesar meanwhile advanced from Thapsus and arrived at Usseta, where Scipio had kept a large quantity of stores including, amongst other things, corn, arms and weapons: there was also a small garrison force." + }, + { + "id": 5411, + "la": "Id adveniens potitur, deinde Hadrumetum pervenit", + "en": "Of this arsenal he gained possession on his arrival, and then came to Hadrumetum." + }, + { + "id": 5412, + "la": "Quo cum sine mora introisset, armis, frumento pecuniaque considerata Q Ligario, C Considio filio, qui tum ibi fuerant, vitam concessit", + "en": "Entering this town without opposition, he made an inventory of the arms, corn and money in it, and spared the lives of Q. Ligarius and C. Considius, the son, both of whom were present at that time." + }, + { + "id": 5413, + "la": "Deinde eodem die Hadrumeto egressus Livineio Regulo cum legione ibi relicto Uticam ire contendit", + "en": "Then, quitting Hadrumetum the same day and leaving Livineius Regulus behind there with a legion he hastened on to Utica." + }, + { + "id": 5414, + "la": "Cui in itinere fit obvius L Caesar et subito se ad genua proiecit vitamque sibi neque amplius quicquam deprecatur", + "en": "On the way he was met by L. Caesar, who incontinently threw himself at his feet and prayed him for one boon, for one alone'to spare him his life." + }, + { + "id": 5415, + "la": "Cui Caesar facile et pro natura sua et pro instituto concessit, item Caecinae, C Ateio, P Atrio, L Cellae patri et filio, M Eppio, M Aquino, Catonis filio Damasippique liberis ex sua consuetudine tribuit circiterque luminibus accensis Uticam pervenit atque extra oppidum ea nocte mansit", + "en": "Caesar readily granted him this boon'an act which accorded both with his natural temperament and principles; and in the same way he followed his normal procedure in sparing the lives of Caecina, C. Ateius, P. Atrius, L. Cell a (both father and son), M. Eppius, M. Aquinus, as well as Catos son and the children of Damasippus. He then arrived at Utica when it was just about dusk and spent that night outside the town." + }, + { + "id": 5416, + "la": "Postero die mane in oppidum introiit contioneque advocata Uticensis incolas cohortatus gratias pro eorum erga se studio egit, civis autem Romanos negotiatores et eos qui inter CCC pecunias contulerant Varo et Scipioni multis verbis accusat et de eorum sceleribus longiore habita oratione ad extremum ut sine metu prodirent edicit:", + "en": "Early the following morning he entered the town and summoned an assembly, at which he addressed the citizens of Utica in a stirring speech and thanked them for the zealous support they had given him. As, however, for the Roman citizens who were engaged in trade and those members of the Three Hundred who had contributed sums of money to Varus and Scipio, he brought a very detailed accusation against them and dilated at some length upon their crimes, but finally announced that they could come out into the open without fear:" + }, + { + "id": 5417, + "la": "se eis dumtaxat vitam concessurum;", + "en": "their lives at any rate he would spare:" + }, + { + "id": 5418, + "la": "bona quidem eorum se venditurum, ita tamen, qui eorum ipse sua bona redemisset, se bonorum venditionem inducturum et pecuniam multae nomine relaturum, ut incolumitatem retinere posset", + "en": "their property indeed he would sell, yet on the following condition, that if any man among them personally bought in his own property, he himself would duly register the sale of the property and enter up the money paid under the heading of a fine, so as to enable the man in question to enjoy full security thereafter." + }, + { + "id": 5419, + "la": "Quibus metu exsanguibus de vitaque ex suo promerito desperantibus subito oblata salute libentes cupidique condicionem acceperunt petieruntque a Caesare ut universis CCC uno nomine pecuniam imperaret", + "en": "For these men, pale with fear and, considering their deserts, with little hope of saving their lives, here was an unexpected offer of salvation. Gladly and eagerly they accepted the terms and besought Caesar to fix a lump sum of money to be paid by the entire Three Hundred as a whole. x" + }, + { + "id": 5420, + "la": "Itaque bis milies sestertio his imposito, ut per triennium sex pensionibus populo Romano solverent, nullo eorum recusante ac se eo demum die natos praedicantes laeti gratias agunt Caesari", + "en": "For these men, pale with fear and, considering their deserts, with little hope of saving their lives, here was an unexpected offer of salvation. Gladly and eagerly they accepted the terms and besought Caesar to fix a lump sum of money to be paid by the entire Three Hundred as a whole." + }, + { + "id": 5421, + "la": "", + "en": "Accordingly, he required them to pay to the Roman people the sum of two hundred million sesterces in six instalments spread over three years; and this they accepted gladly and without a single murmur, expressing their gratitude to Caesar and declaring that this day finally marked for them the start of a new life." + }, + { + "id": 5422, + "la": "Rex interim Iuba, ut ex proelio fugerat, una cum Petreio interdiu in villis latitando tandem nocturnis itineribus confectis in regnum pervenit atque ad oppidum Zamam, ubi ipse domicilium, coniuges liberosque habebat, quo ex cuncto regno omnem pecuniam carissimasque res comportaverat quodque inito bello operibus maximis muniverat, accedit", + "en": "Meanwhile king Juba had fled from the battle and, accompanied by Petreius, by lying up in farms by day and travelling by night, arrived at length in his kingdom and came to the town of Zama. In this town he had his own residence and his wives and children; and it was here he had collected all his money and most precious possessions from all over his kingdom, having fortified the town at the outset of hostilities with very strong defences." + }, + { + "id": 5423, + "la": "Quem antea oppidani rumore exoptato de Caesaris victoria audito ob has causas oppido prohibuerunt, quod bello contra populum Romanum suscepto in oppido Zamae lignis congestis maximam in medio foro pyram construxerat ut, si forte bello foret superatus, omnibus rebus eo coacervatis, dein civibus cunctis interfectis eodemque proiectis igne subiecto tum demum se ipse insuper interficeret atque una cum liberis, coniugibus, civibus cunctaque gaza regia cremaretur", + "en": "But the townsfolk, who had already heard the much-desired tidings of Caesars victory, refused him admittance on the following grounds: when he entered upon hostilities with the Roman people he had collected a mass of wooden billets and built a vast pyre in the town of Zama in the middle of the market-place, so that, should it so chance he was beaten in the war, he might pile all his possessions on it, then massacre all his citizens and fling them also on to it, set it alight, and then finally slay himself on top of it, and thus be consumed by fire along with his children, wives, citizens and the entire royal treasure." + }, + { + "id": 5424, + "la": "Postquam Iuba ante portas diu multumque primo minis pro imperio egisset cum Zamensibus, dein cum se parum proficere intellexisset precibus orasset uti se ad suos deos penates admitterent, ubi eos perstare in sententia animadvertit nec minis nec precibus suis moveri quo magis se reciperent, tertio petit ab eis ut sibi coniuges liberosque redderent ut secum eos asportaret", + "en": "For a long time Juba earnestly treated with the men of Zama before the gates of the town, employing threats in the first place, as his authority warranted; secondly, realising that he was making but little headway, he besought them with entreaties to let him have access to his own hearth and home; and thirdly, when he observed that they persisted in their determination, and that neither threats nor entreaties on his part had any effect upon them or disposed them the more to admit him, he begged them to hand over to him his wives and children, so that he could carry them away with him." + }, + { + "id": 5425, + "la": "Postquam sibi nihil omnino oppidanos responsi reddere animadvertit, nulla re ab his impetrata ab Zama discedit atque ad villam suam se cum M Petreio paucisque equitibus confert", + "en": "On observing that the townsfolk vouchsafed him no answer at all he left Zama without gaining any satisfaction from them, and then betook himself to a country residence of his, attended by M. Petreius and a few horsemen." + }, + { + "id": 5426, + "la": "Zamenses interim legatos de his rebus ad Caesarem Uticam mittunt petuntque ab eo uti antequam rex manum colligeret seseque oppugnaret sibi auxilium mitteret: se tamen paratos esse, sibi quoad vita suppeteret, oppidum seque ei reservare", + "en": "Whereupon the men of Zama sent envoys to Caesar at Utica to discuss this situation, asking him to send them help before the king should collect a force and attack them: at all events, they said, they were prepared to preserve the town and themselves for him so long as the breath of life remained in them." + }, + { + "id": 5427, + "la": "Legatos collaudatos Caesar domum iubet antecedere ac suum adventum praenuntiare", + "en": "Caesar congratulated the envoys and bade them return home: he would follow them, and they must make known his coming in advance." + }, + { + "id": 5428, + "la": "Ipse postero die Utica egressus cum equitatu in regnum ire contendit", + "en": "He himself left Utica the following day with his cavalry and proceeded with despatch into the royal territory." + }, + { + "id": 5429, + "la": "Interim in itinere ex regiis copiis duces complures ad Caesarem veniunt orantque ut sibi ignoscat", + "en": "Meanwhile in the course of his march there came to Caesar several leaders of the royal forces, who begged him to forgive them." + }, + { + "id": 5430, + "la": "Quibus supplicibus venia data Zamam pervenit", + "en": "To these suppliants he granted pardon, and then came to Zama." + }, + { + "id": 5431, + "la": "Rumore interim perlato de eius lenitate clementiaque propemodum omnes regni equites Zamam perveniunt ad Caesarem ab eoque sunt metu periculoque liberati", + "en": "Meanwhile the tidings of his leniency and clemency had spread abroad, with the result that practically all the horsemen in the kingdom came to Caesar at Zama; and there they were set free by him from their fears and the danger which involved them." + }, + { + "id": 5432, + "la": "Dum haec utrobique geruntur, Considius, qui Thysdrae cum familia sua, gladiatoria manu Gaetulisque praeerat, cognita caede suorum Domitique et legionum adventu perterritus desperata salute oppidum deserit seque clam cum paucis barbaris pecunia onustus subducit atque in regnum fugere contendit", + "en": "During the course of these proceedings on either side Considius, who was in command at Thysdra and was accompanied by his household slaves, a bodyguard of gladiators and some Gaetulians, learned of the massacre of his comrades; and being seriously perturbed by the arrival of Domitius and his legions, and despairing of saving his life, he abandoned the town, made a secret withdrawal with a handful of his foreign troops and a large sum of money, and beat a hasty retreat to Jubas kingdom." + }, + { + "id": 5433, + "la": "Quem Gaetuli, sui comites, in itinere praedae cupidi concidunt seque in quascumque potuere partis conferunt", + "en": "But while he was on the road the Gaetulians who bore him company cut him down in their impatience to loot his treasure, and then made off, as best they could, in various directions." + }, + { + "id": 5434, + "la": "C interim Vergilius, postquam terra marique clausus se nihil proficere intellexit suosque interfectos aut fugatos, M Catonem Uticae sibi ipsum manus attulisse, regem vagum ab suisque desertum ab omnibus aspernari", + "en": "Meanwhile C. Vergilius, who was cut off alike by land and sea, perceived that he was making no progress: that his comrades were either killed or put to flight: that M. Cato had taken his own life at Utica: that the king was a wanderer at large, abandoned by his subjects and held in universal contempt:" + }, + { + "id": 5435, + "la": "Saburram eiusque copias ab Sittio esse deletas, Uticae Caesarem sine mora receptum, de tanto exercitu reliquias esse nullas, ipse sibi suisque liberis a Caninio pro consule, qui eum obsidebat, fide accepta seque et sua omnia et oppidum proconsuli tradit", + "en": "that Saburra and his troops had been destroyed by Sittius: that Caesar had been received without opposition at Utica; and that out of all that vast army there was nothing left whatever. For his own part, therefore, he accepted the safeguard for himself and his children offered him by the pro-consul Caninius, who was blockading him, and surrendered himself to the latter with all his effects and the town." + }, + { + "id": 5436, + "la": "Rex interim ab omnibus civitatibus exclusus, desperata salute, cum iam cenatus esset cum Petreio, ut per virtutem interfecti esse viderentur, ferro inter se depugnant atque firmior imbecilliorem Iuba Petreium facile ferro consumpsit", + "en": "Meanwhile king Juba, outlawed by all his townships, despaired of saving his life. And so finally, after dining with Petreius, he fought a duel with him with swords, so as to create the impression that both had met a gallant death; and the sword of the stronger man, Juba, easily put an end to Petreius, his weaker adversary." + }, + { + "id": 5437, + "la": "Deinde ipse sibi cum conaretur gladio traicere pectus nec posset, precibus a servo suo impetravit ut se interficeret idque obtinuit", + "en": "Juba then endeavoured to run himself through the chest with his sword; but not being able to do it, he successfully entreated a slave of his to kill him, and so achieved his purpose." + }, + { + "id": 5438, + "la": "P Sittius interim pulso exercitu Saburrae, praefecti Iubae, ipsoque interfecto cum iter cum paucis per Mauretaniam ad Caesarem faceret, forte incidit in Faustum Afraniumque, qui eam manum habebant qua Uticam diripuerant iterque in Hispaniam intendebant et erant numero circiter mille", + "en": "Meanwhile P. Sittius had routed the army of Saburra, Jubas lieutenant, killing Saburra himself, and was marching with a small force through Mauretania to join Caesar when he happened to fall in with Faustus and Afranius, who were in command of the party'some thousand strong'with which they had plundered Utica, and were now making tracks for Spain." + }, + { + "id": 5439, + "la": "Itaque celeriter nocturno tempore insidiis dispositis cum prima luce adortus praeter paucos equites, qui ex primo agmine fugerant, reliquos aut interfecit aut in deditionem accepit, Afranium et Faustum cum coniuge et liberis vivos capit", + "en": "And so he promptly laid an ambush by night and attacked them at dawn. A few of the cavalry in their vanguard escaped; but all the rest were either killed or else they surrendered, and Sittius captured alive Afranius as well as Faustus with his wife and children." + }, + { + "id": 5440, + "la": "Paucis post diebus dissensione in exercitu orta Faustus et Afranius interficiuntur; Pompeiae cum Fausti liberis Caesar incolumitatem suaque omnia concessit", + "en": "A few days later some disagreement arose in the army and Faustus and Afranius were killed. As for Pompeia and the children of Faustus, Caesar spared their lives and allowed them to retain all their property." + }, + { + "id": 5441, + "la": "Scipio interim cum Damasippo et Torquato et Plaetorio Rustiano navibus longis diu multumque iactati, cum Hispaniam peterent, ad Hipponem regium deferuntur, ubi classis P Sitti id temporis erat", + "en": "Meanwhile Scipio, Damasippus, Torquatus and Plaetorius Rustianus were making for Spain aboard some warships; and after a long and very stormy passage they were carried towards Royal Hippo, where P. Sittius had his fleet at that time." + }, + { + "id": 5442, + "la": "A qua pauciora ab amplioribus circumventa navigia deprimuntur, ibique Scipio cum illis quos paulo ante nominavi interiit", + "en": "Outnumbered as they were by the latter, Scipios vessels were surrounded and sunk; and Scipio and those I have just named perished aboard them." + }, + { + "id": 5443, + "la": "Caesar interim Zamae auctione regia facta bonisque eorum venditis qui cives Romani contra populum Romanum arma tulerant praemiisque Zamensibus, qui de rege excludendo consilium ceperant, tributis vectigalibusque regiis locatis ex regnoque provincia facta atque ibi C Sallustio pro consule cum imperio relicto ipse Zama egressus Uticam se recepit", + "en": "Meanwhile at Zama Caesar held an auction of the royal property and sold the goods of those who, albeit Roman citizens, had borne arms against the Roman people. He bestowed rewards upon the inhabitants of Zama, who had adopted the policy of barring their gates to the king, farmed out the collection of the royal taxes, and turned the kingdom into a province. Then, leaving C. Sallustius behind there in military command with the powers of proconsul, he himself left Zama and returned to Utica." + }, + { + "id": 5444, + "la": "Ibi bonis venditis eorum qui sub Iuba Petreioque ordines duxerant, Thapsitanis HS XX, conventui eorum HS XXX, itemque Hadrumetinis HS XXX, conventui eorum HS L multae nomine imponit; civitates bonaque eorum ab omni iniuria rapinisque defendit", + "en": "There he sold the property of those who had held military commands under Juba and Petreius, and exacted the following payments under the title of fines: from the men of Thapsus'two million sesterces; from their corporation'three million; likewise from the men of Hadrumetum'three million; and from their corporation'five million. But he protected their cities and property from all injury and looting." + }, + { + "id": 5445, + "la": "Leptitanos, quorum superioribus annis bona Iuba diripuerat, et ad senatum questi per legatos atque arbitris a senatu datis sua receperant", + "en": "As for the inhabitants of Leptis, whose property had been plundered in former years by Juba but had been restored to them after the Senate had appointed arbitrators on receiving a deputation of theirs lodging a formal complaint," + }, + { + "id": 5446, + "la": "XXX centenis milibus pondo olei in annos singulos multat, ideo quod initio per dissensionem principum societatem cum Iuba inierant eumque armis, militibus, pecunia iuverant", + "en": "Caesar now required them to pay by way of fine three million pounds weight of oil annually, because at the beginning of the war in the course of disagreements among their leaders they had entered into an alliance with Juba, and had assisted him with arms, troops and money." + }, + { + "id": 5447, + "la": "Thysdritanos propter humilitatem civitatis certo numero frumenti multat", + "en": "The men of Thysdra'not a well-to-do community'were fined a certain quantity of corn." + }, + { + "id": 5448, + "la": "His rebus gestis Idibus Iun Uticae classem conscendit et post diem tertium Caralis in Sardiniam pervenit", + "en": "After making these arrangements he went aboard his fleet at Utica on June 13th, and arrived two days later at Caralis in Sardinia." + }, + { + "id": 5449, + "la": "Ibi Sulcitanos, quod Nasidium eiusque classem receperant copiisque iuverant, HS C multat et pro decumis octavas pendere iubet bonaque paucorum vendit et ante diem IIII Kal Quint navis conscendit et a Caralibus secundum terram provectus duodetricesimo die, ideo quod tempestatibus in portibus cohibebatur, ad urbem Romam venit", + "en": "There he fined the men of Sulci one hundred thousand sesterces for having harboured Nasidius and his fleet and assisted him by supplying troops, and directed that they should pay as tax one-eighth of their produce instead of one-tenth. He also sold up the property of a few individuals. Then he embarked on June 27th, and leaving Caralis, sailed along the coast. Twenty-seven days later'for bad weather kept holding him up in the various ports'he arrived at the city of Rome." + }, + { + "id": 5450, + "la": "Bello Alexandrino conflato Caesar Rhodo atque ex Syria Ciliciaque omnem classem arcessit; Creta sagittarios, equites ab rege Nabataeorum Malcho evocat; tormenta undique conquiri et frumentum mitti, auxilia adduci iubet", + "en": "When the Alexandrian war flared up, Caesar summoned every fleet from Rhodes and Syria and Cilicia; from Crete he raised archers, and cavalry from Malchus, king of the Nabataeans,1 and ordered artillery to be procured, corn despatched, and auxiliary troops mustered from every quarter." + }, + { + "id": 5451, + "la": "Interim munitiones cotidie operibus augentur atque omnes oppidi partes, quae minus esse firmae videntur, testudinibus ac musculis aptantur; ex aedificiis autem per foramina in proxima aedificia arietes immittuntur, quantumque aut ruinis deicitur aut per vim recipitur loci, in tantum munitiones proferuntur", + "en": "Meanwhile the entrenchments were daily extended by additional works, and all those sectors of the town which appeared to be not strong enough were provided with shelters and mantlets; battering-rams, moreover, were introduced from one building into the next through holes, and the entrenchments were extended to cover all the ground laid bare by demolitions or gained by force of arms." + }, + { + "id": 5452, + "la": "Nam incendio fere tuta est Alexandrea, quod sine contignatione ac materia sunt aedificia et structuris ac fornicibus continentur tectaque sunt rudere aut pavimentis", + "en": "For Alexandria is well-nigh fire-proof, because its buildings contain no wooden joinery and are held together by an arched construction and are roofed with rough-cast or tiling.2" + }, + { + "id": 5453, + "la": "Caesar maxime studebat ut, quam angustissimam partem oppidi palus a meridie interiecta efficiebat, hanc operibus vineisque agendis ab reliqua parte urbis excluderet,", + "en": "Caesar was particularly anxious that, by bringing to bear his siege-works and pent-houses, he should isolate from the rest of the city that narrowest part of the town which was most constricted by the barrier of marshland lying to the south;" + }, + { + "id": 5454, + "la": "illud spectans primum ut, cum in duas partis esset urbis divisa acies, uno consilio atque imperio administraretur, deinde ut laborantibus succurri atque ex altera oppidi parte auxilium ferri posset, in primis vero ut aqua pabuloque abundaret,", + "en": "his object being first that, since his army was divided between two sectors of the city, it should be controlled by a single strategy and command; secondly, that if they got into difficulties in one sector of the town, assistance and support could be brought from the other sector.1 But above all his object was to secure himself abundance of water and fodder;" + }, + { + "id": 5455, + "la": "quarum alterius rei copiam exiguam, alterius nullam omnino facultatem habebat; quod utrumque large palus praebere poterat", + "en": "of which, as regards the former, he had but a scanty supply, and, as regards the latter, no stocks whatever; and the marshland could afford him bountiful supplies of both." + }, + { + "id": 5456, + "la": "Neque vero Alexandrinis in gerendis negotiis cunctatio ulla aut mora inferebatur", + "en": "Not indeed that this occasioned any hesitation or delay on the part of the Alexandrians in concerting their measures." + }, + { + "id": 5457, + "la": "Nam in omnis partis, per quas fines Aegypti regnumque pertinet, legatos conquisitoresque dilectus habendi causa miserant magnumque numerum in oppidum telorum atque tormentorum convexerant et innumerabilem multitudinem adduxerant", + "en": "They had in fact despatched emissaries and recruiting officers throughout the entire length and breadth of the territory and kingdom of Egypt for the purpose of holding a levy, and had conveyed into the town a large quantity of weapons and artillery and mustered a countless host." + }, + { + "id": 5458, + "la": "Nec minus in urbe maximae armorum erant institutae officinae", + "en": "In the city too, no less, vast arms factories had been established." + }, + { + "id": 5459, + "la": "Servos praeterea puberes armaverant; quibus domini locupletiores victum cotidianum stipendiumque praebebant", + "en": "They had, moreover, armed the adult slaves, and these the wealthier owners furnished with their daily food and pay." + }, + { + "id": 5460, + "la": "Hac multitudine disposita munitiones semotarum partium tuebantur; veteranas cohortis vacuas in celeberrimis urbis locis habebant, ut quacumque regione pugnaretur integris viribus ad auxilium ferendum opponi possent", + "en": "This numerous force they deployed to guard the fortifications of outlying areas; while they kept their veteran cohorts unemployed in the most frequented quarters of the city so that, no matter in what district fighting occurred, they could be thrown in as fresh and lusty reinforcements." + }, + { + "id": 5461, + "la": "Omnibus viis atque angiportis triplicem vallum obduxerant'erat autem quadrato exstructus saxo neque minus XL pedes altitudinis habebat'quaeque partes urbis inferiores erant, has altissimis turribus denorum tabulatorum munierant", + "en": "All the streets and alleys were walled off by a triple barricade, built of rectangular stone blocks and not less than forty feet high; while as for the lower quarters of the city, these were fortified with very lofty towers, each ten stories high." + }, + { + "id": 5462, + "la": "Praeterea alias ambulatorias totidem tabulatorum confixerant subiectisque eas rotis funibus iumentisque obiectis derectis plateis in quamcumque erat visum partem movebant", + "en": "Besides these there were other towers which they had contrived'mobile ones of the like number of stories; and these, being mounted on wheels with ropes and draught animals attached, they moved along the level2 streets to any area they saw fit." + }, + { + "id": 5463, + "la": "Urbs fertilissima et copiosissima omnium rerum apparatus suggerebat", + "en": "Highly productive and abundantly supplied as it was, the city furnished equipment of all kinds." + }, + { + "id": 5464, + "la": "Ipsi homines ingeniosi atque acutissimi quae a nobis fieri viderant ea sollertia efficiebant ut nostri illorum opera imitati viderentur, et sua sponte multa reperiebant unoque tempore et nostras munitiones infestabant et suas defendebant", + "en": "The people themselves were clever and very shrewd, and no sooner had they seen what was being done by us than they would reproduce it with such cunning that it seemed it was our men who had copied their works. Much also they invented on their own account, and kept assailing our entrenchments while simultaneously defending their own." + }, + { + "id": 5465, + "la": "Atque haec principes in consiliis contionibusque agitabant: populum Romanum paulatim in consuetudinem eius regni occupandi venire", + "en": "In their councils and public meetings the arguments which their leaders kept driving home were as follows: the Roman people were gradually acquiring a habit of seizing that kingdom;" + }, + { + "id": 5466, + "la": "Paucis annis ante A Gabinium cum exercitu fuisse in Aegypto; Pompeium se ex fuga eodem recepisse; Caesarem venisse cum copiis, neque morte Pompei quicquam profectum quo minus apud se Caesar commoraretur", + "en": "a few years earlier Aulus Gabinius1 had been in Egypt with an army; Pompeius too had resorted thither in his flight; Caesar had now come with his forces, and the death of Pompeius had had no effect in dissuading Caesar from staying on among them." + }, + { + "id": 5467, + "la": "Quem si non expulissent, futuram ex regno provinciam; idque agendum mature: namque eum interclusum tempestatibus propter anni tempus recipere transmarina auxilia non posse", + "en": "If they failed to drive him out, their kingdom would become a Roman province: and this driving out they must do betimes; for cut off as he now was by storms owing to the season of the year, he could not receive reinforcements from overseas." + }, + { + "id": 5468, + "la": "Interim dissensione orta inter Achillan, qui veterano exercitui praeerat, et Arsinoen, regis Ptolomaei minorem filiam, ut supra demonstratum est, cum uterque utrique insidiaretur et summam imperi ipse obtinere vellet, praeoccupat Arsinoe per Ganymeden eunuchum, nutricium suum, atque Achillan interficit", + "en": "Meanwhile a quarrel had arisen'as related above2'between Achillas, who commanded the veteran army, and Arsinoe, the younger daughter of king Ptolemaeus;3 and with each party plotting against the other and anxious to obtain the supreme power for himself, Arsinoe, acting through the eunuch Ganymedes, her tutor, struck the first blow and killed Achillas." + }, + { + "id": 5469, + "la": "Hoc occiso sine ullo socio et custode ipsa omne imperium obtinebat; exercitus Ganymedi traditur", + "en": "After his murder she herself exercised complete control without any consort or guardian, while the army was entrusted to Ganymedes." + }, + { + "id": 5470, + "la": "Is suscepto officio largitionem in militem auget; reliqua pari diligentia administrat", + "en": "On undertaking this duty the latter increased the soldiers bounty and performed the rest of his functions with consistent thoroughness." + }, + { + "id": 5471, + "la": "Alexandrea est fere tota suffossa specusque habet a Nilo pertinentis, quibus aqua in privatas domos inducitur, quae paulatim spatio temporis liquescit ac subsidit", + "en": "Practically the whole of Alexandria is undermined with subterranean conduits running from the Nile, by which water is conducted into private houses; which water in course of time gradually settles down and becomes clear." + }, + { + "id": 5472, + "la": "Hac uti domini aedificiorum atque eorum familiae consuerunt: nam quae flumine Nilo fertur adeo est limosa ac turbida ut multos variosque morbos efficiat; sed ea plebes ac multitudo contenta est necessario, quod fons urbe tota nullus est", + "en": "This is what is normally used by the owners of mansions and their households; for what the Nile brings down is so muddy and turbid that it gives rise to many different diseases: yet the rank and file of the common sort are perforce content with the latter, inasmuch as there is not one natural spring in the whole city." + }, + { + "id": 5473, + "la": "Hoc tamen flumen in ea parte erat urbis quae ab Alexandrinis tenebatur", + "en": "The main stream in question,1 however, was in that quarter of the city which was held by the Alexandrians." + }, + { + "id": 5474, + "la": "Quo facto est admonitus Ganymedes posse nostros aqua intercludi; qui distributi munitionum tuendarum causa vicatim ex privatis aedificiis specubus ac puteis extracta aqua utebantur", + "en": "This circumstance suggested to Ganymedes the possibility that the water supply could be cut off from our troops; who, posted as they were in various quarters of the town to guard our entrenchments, were using water drawn from conduits and cisterns in private buildings." + }, + { + "id": 5475, + "la": "Hoc probato consilio magnum ac difficile opus aggreditur", + "en": "This plan being once approved, Ganymedes embarked upon a serious and difficult task." + }, + { + "id": 5476, + "la": "Intersaeptis enim specubus atque omnibus urbis partibus exclusis quae ab ipso tenebantur, aquae magnam vim ex mari rotis ac machinationibus exprimere contendit: hanc locis superioribus fundere in partem Caesaris non intermittebat", + "en": "Having first blocked up the conduits and sealed off all quarters of the city occupied by himself, he then made haste to draw off a vast quantity of water out of the sea by means of mechanical water-wheels; and this he steadily poured from higher ground into Caesars area." + }, + { + "id": 5477, + "la": "Quam ob causam salsior paulo praeter consuetudinem aqua trahebatur ex proximis aedificiis magnamque hominibus admirationem praebebat, quam ob rem id accidisset; nec satis sibi ipsi credebant, cum se inferiores eiusdem generis ac saporis aqua dicerent uti atque ante consuessent, vulgoque inter se conferebant et degustando quantum inter se differrent aquae cognoscebant", + "en": "For which reason the water drawn from the nearest buildings was a little more brackish than usual, and occasioned no little wonder among men as to why this had come about. Nor could they quite believe the evidence of their own ears when their neighbours lower down said that the water they were using was of the same kind and taste as they had previously been accustomed to; and they were openly discussing the matter amongst themselves and, by tasting samples, learning how markedly the waters differed." + }, + { + "id": 5478, + "la": "Parvo vero temporis spatio haec propior bibi omnino non poterat, illa inferior corruptior iam salsiorque reperiebatur", + "en": "However, in a short space of time the water nearer the contamination was entirely undrinkable, while that lower down was found to be relatively impure and brackish." + }, + { + "id": 5479, + "la": "Quo facto dubitatione sublata tantus incessit timor ut ad extremum periculi omnes deducti viderentur atque alii morari Caesarem dicerent quin navis conscendere iuberet, alii multo gravius extimescerent, quod neque celari Alexandrini possent in apparanda fuga, cum tam parvo spatio distarent ab ipsis, neque illis imminentibus atque insequentibus ullus in navis receptus daretur", + "en": "This circumstance dispelled their doubts, and so great was the panic that took hold upon them that it seemed that they were all reduced to a most hazardous plight, and some asserted that Caesar was being slow in giving orders to embark. Others were much more seriously alarmed, on the ground that, in making their preparations for a withdrawal, it was impossible to keep the Alexandrians in the dark, being as they were so short a distance away from them; and with their foes on top of them and pursuing them, no chance was afforded them of retreating to their ships." + }, + { + "id": 5480, + "la": "Erat autem magna multitudo oppidanorum in parte Caesaris, quam domiciliis ipsorum non moverat, quod ea se fidelem palam nostris esse simulabat et descivisse a suis videbatur:", + "en": "There was, however, a large number of townsfolk in Caesars sector, whom Caesar had not evacuated from their homes, because they openly affected loyalty to our side and appeared to have deserted their own folk." + }, + { + "id": 5481, + "la": "at mihi si defendendi essent Alexandrini neque fallaces esse neque temerarii, multa oratio frustra absumeretur; cum vero uno tempore et natio eorum et natura cognoscatur, aptissimum esse hoc genus ad proditionem dubitare nemo potest", + "en": "Yet, as far as I am concerned, had I now the task of championing the Alexandrians and proving them to be neither deceitful nor foolhardy, it would be a case of many words spent to no purpose: indeed when one gets to know both the breed and its breeding there can be no doubt whatever that as a race they are extremely prone to treachery." + }, + { + "id": 5482, + "la": "Caesar suorum timorem consolatione et ratione minuebat Nam puteis fossis aquam dulcem reperiri posse adfirmabat: omnia enim litora naturaliter aquae dulcis venas habere", + "en": "By encouragement and reasoning Caesar allayed his mens alarm, declaring that sweet water could be found in wells and trenches, inasmuch as all seashores naturally possessed veins of sweet water." + }, + { + "id": 5483, + "la": "Quod si alia esset litoris Aegypti natura atque omnium reliquorum, tamen, quoniam mare libere tenerent, neque hostes classem haberent, prohiberi sese non posse quo minus cotidie navibus aquam peterent vel a sinistra parte a Paratonio vel a dextra ab insula, quae diversae navigationes numquam uno tempore adversis ventis praecluderentur", + "en": "But if the nature of the sea-shore of Egypt was different from all others, none the less, since they held unfettered command of the sea, while their enemies had no fleet, they could not be prevented from seeking water daily in their ships, either from Paratonium on their left, or the island on their right1'voyages which, being in opposite directions, would never be prevented by contrary winds at one and the same time." + }, + { + "id": 5484, + "la": "Fugae vero nullum esse consilium non solum eis qui primam dignitatem haberent, sed ne eis quidem qui nihil praeterquam de vita cogitarent", + "en": "As for retreating, there was no sound policy in that, not merely for those who held the chief responsibility, but not even for those whose sole concern was for their own lives." + }, + { + "id": 5485, + "la": "Magno negotio impetus hostium adversos ex munitionibus sustinere; quibus relictis nec loco nec numero pares esse posse", + "en": "They were hard put to it to contain the enemies frontal attacks from their entrenchments: once abandon those and they could be no match for them either in vantage ground or numbers." + }, + { + "id": 5486, + "la": "Magnam autem moram et difficultatem ascensum in navis habere, praesertim ex scaphis; summam esse contra in Alexandrinis velocitatem locorumque et aedificiorum notitiam", + "en": "Moreover, boarding ships, especially from pinnaces, involved considerable delay and difficulty; while set against this the Alexandrians had the greatest mobility and knowledge of the ground and buildings." + }, + { + "id": 5487, + "la": "Hos praecipue in victoria insolentis praecursuros et loca excelsiora atque aedificia occupaturos: ita fuga navibusque nostros prohibituros", + "en": "These people above all, overweening as they became in victory, would dash ahead and seize the higher ground and the buildings and thus prevent our men from retreating and gaining their ships." + }, + { + "id": 5488, + "la": "Proinde eius consili obliviscerentur atque omni ratione esse vincendum cogitarent", + "en": "Accordingly, they should put that policy out of their minds and reflect that, at all costs, they must win the day." + }, + { + "id": 5489, + "la": "Hac oratione apud suos habita atque omnium mentibus excitatis dat centurionibus negotium ut reliquis operibus intermissis ad fodiendos puteos animum conferant neve quam partem nocturni temporis intermittant", + "en": "Having harangued his men to this effect and put fresh heart into them all, he briefed his centurions as follows: they were to interrupt their other tasks and turn their attention to digging wells, continuing without any cessation all through the night." + }, + { + "id": 5490, + "la": "Quo suscepto negotio atque omnium animis ad laborem incitatis magna una nocte vis aquae dulcis inventa est", + "en": "Whereupon, the business being once undertaken with unanimous enthusiasm for the task, in the course of that one night a great quantity of sweet water was discovered." + }, + { + "id": 5491, + "la": "Ita operosis Alexandrinorum machinationibus maximisque conatibus non longi temporis labore occursum est", + "en": "Thus the laborious machinations and supreme efforts of the Alexandrians were countered by a few hours work." + }, + { + "id": 5492, + "la": "Eo biduo legio XXXVII ex dediticiis Pompeianis militibus cum frumento, armis, telis, tormentis imposita in navis a Domitio Calvino ad litora Africae paulo supra Alexandream delata est", + "en": "In the course of the following day the Thirty-Seventh legion, part of the surrendered remnants of Pompeius troops, after being embarked by Domitius Calvinus with corn, arms, weapons and artillery, made the coast of Africa a little beyond Alexandria." + }, + { + "id": 5493, + "la": "Hae naves Euro, qui multos dies continenter flabat, portum capere prohibebantur; sed loca sunt egregia omni illa regione ad tenendas ancoras", + "en": "An East wind, which blew continuously for many days, prevented this fleet from gaining harbour; but the ground throughout all that area gives excellent hold for anchors." + }, + { + "id": 5494, + "la": "Hi cum diu retinerentur atque aquae inopia premerentur, navigio actuario Caesarem faciunt certiorem", + "en": "And as they were weather-bound for a long time, and hard put to it for lack of water, they informed Caesar by means of a fast boat." + }, + { + "id": 5495, + "la": "Caesar, ut per se consilium caperet quid faciendum videretur, navem conscendit atque omnem classem se sequi iussit nullis nostris militibus impositis, quod, cum longius paulo discederet, munitiones nudare nolebat", + "en": "In order to take some personal decision as to what he thought ought to be done, Caesar boarded a ship and ordered his whole fleet to follow him. He did not embark any of our troops, since, as he was going somewhat too far afield, he was loth to leave our entrenchments unmanned." + }, + { + "id": 5496, + "la": "Cumque ad eum locum accessissent, qui appellatur Chersonensus, aquandique causa remiges in terram exposuissent, non nulli ex eo numero, cum longius a navibus praedatum processissent, ab equitibus hostium sunt excepti", + "en": "On their arriving at that place which is called Chersonensus,1 and putting the rowers ashore to fetch water, some of their number, bent on plunder, advanced rather too far from the ships and were picked up by enemy cavalry." + }, + { + "id": 5497, + "la": "Ex his cognoverunt Caesarem ipsum in classe venisse nec ullos milites in navibus habere", + "en": "From them the enemy learned that Caesar himself had arrived with his fleet, without any troops on board." + }, + { + "id": 5498, + "la": "Qua re comperta magnam sibi facultatem fortunam obtulisse bene gerendae rei crediderunt", + "en": "This intelligence prompted the belief among them that fortune had put in their way a great opportunity for scoring a success." + }, + { + "id": 5499, + "la": "Itaque navis omnis quas paratas habuerant ad navigandum propugnatoribus instruxerunt Caesarique redeunti cum classe occurrerunt", + "en": "Accordingly, they manned with combat troops all the ships they had got in readiness for sailing, and encountered Caesar as he was returning with his fleet." + }, + { + "id": 5500, + "la": "Qui duabus de causis eo die dimicare nolebat, quod et nullos milites in navibus habebat et post horam X diei res agebatur, nox autem allatura videbatur maiorem fiduciam illis, qui locorum notitia confidebant;", + "en": "Now there were two reasons why Caesar was loth to fight an action that day: he had no troops on board; and it was now after the tenth hour as the matter now stood, and on the other hand nightfall would, he thought, inspire greater confidence in the enemy, who were relying on their local knowledge." + }, + { + "id": 5501, + "la": "sibi etiam hortandi suos auxilium defuturum, quod nulla satis idonea esset hortatio quae neque virtutem posset notare neque inertiam", + "en": "In his own case, also, he would be denied the advantage of encouraging his men, since no encouragement was quite to the point where it was impossible to single out for comment either bravery or slackness." + }, + { + "id": 5502, + "la": "Quibus de causis navis quas potuit Caesar ad terram detrahit, quem in locum illos successuros non existimabat", + "en": "For these reasons Caesar withdrew to land what ships he could, at a point where he supposed that the enemy would not follow them." + }, + { + "id": 5503, + "la": "Erat una navis Rhodia in dextro Caesaris cornu longe ab reliquis collocata", + "en": "There was one Rhodian ship on Caesars right wing stationed far apart from the rest." + }, + { + "id": 5504, + "la": "Hanc conspicati hostes non tenuerunt sese, magnoque impetu IIII ad eam constratae naves et complures apertae contenderunt", + "en": "As soon as the enemy caught sight of it they could not restrain themselves, and four decked ships and several open ones dashed madly towards it." + }, + { + "id": 5505, + "la": "Cui coactus est Caesar ferre subsidium, ne turpem in conspectu hostium contumeliam acciperet, quamquam, si quid gravius illis accidisset, merito casurum iudicabat", + "en": "This vessel Caesar was obliged to succour, to prevent the disgrace of sustaining rough treatment in full view of the enemy; though, if any serious mischance should overtake its crew, he reckoned they would deserve it." + }, + { + "id": 5506, + "la": "Proelium commissum est magna contentione Rhodiorum; qui cum in omnibus dimicationibus et scientia et virtute praestitissent, tum maxime illo tempore totum onus sustinere non recusabant, ne quod suorum culpa detrimentum acceptum videretur", + "en": "Battle was joined, with hard fighting on the part of the Rhodians; and though in every fray they had excelled both in seamanship and valour, on this present occasion above all they bore the whole brunt unflinchingly, lest it should seem their fault if any defeat were sustained." + }, + { + "id": 5507, + "la": "Ita proelium secundissimum est factum", + "en": "And so a highly successful action was fought." + }, + { + "id": 5508, + "la": "Capta est una hostium quadriremis, depressa est altera, duae omnibus epibatis nudatae; magna praeterea multitudo in reliquis navibus propugnatorum est interfecta", + "en": "One enemy quadrireme was captured, a second was sunk, and two stripped of all their marines; in addition, a large number of combat troops was killed aboard the other vessels." + }, + { + "id": 5509, + "la": "Quod nisi nox proelium diremisset, tota classe hostium Caesar potitus esset", + "en": "If night had not put an end to the action, Caesar would have become master of the entire enemy fleet." + }, + { + "id": 5510, + "la": "Hac calamitate perterritis hostibus adverso vento leniter flante navis onerarias Caesar remulco victricibus suis navibus Alexandream deducit", + "en": "This catastrophe utterly demoralised the enemy, and Caesar returned to Alexandria with his victorious fleet, towing the merchant-ships against a gentle head wind." + }, + { + "id": 5511, + "la": "Eo detrimento adeo sunt fracti Alexandrini, cum iam non virtute propugnatorum, sed scientia classiariorum se victos viderent, ut vix ex aedificiis defendi posse se confiderent, quibus et superioribus locis sublevabantur, et materiam cunctam obicerent, quod nostrae classis oppugnationem etiam ad terram verebantur", + "en": "So shattered were the Alexandrians by this reverse'for they saw that now it was not the bravery of combat troops but the seamanship of sailors that had caused their defeat1'that they scarcely trusted their ability to defend themselves from the buildings, from which, as well as from their higher positions, they derived support,2 and used all their timber in building barricades, fearing as they did that our fleet would attack them even ashore." + }, + { + "id": 5512, + "la": "Idem, postea quam Ganymedes in concilio confirmavit sese et eas quae essent amissae restituturum et numerum adaucturum, magna spe et fiducia veteres reficere navis accuratiusque huic rei studere atque inservire instituerunt", + "en": "Nevertheless, after Ganymedes had declared in the council that he would not only make good the losses they had sustained but also increase the number of their ships, their hopes and confidence ran high and they began to repair their old ships and to devote greater care and more earnest attention to this matter." + }, + { + "id": 5513, + "la": "Ac tametsi amplius CX navibus longis in portu navalibusque amiserant, non tamen reparandae classis cogitationem deposuerunt", + "en": "And though they had lost more than a hundred and ten warships in the harbour and docks,3 yet they did not abandon the idea of re-equipping their fleet." + }, + { + "id": 5514, + "la": "Videbant enim non auxilia Caesari, non commeatus supportari posse, si classe ipsi valerent;", + "en": "They saw in fact that neither troop reinforcements nor supplies could be conveyed to Caesar if they themselves had a strong fleet;" + }, + { + "id": 5515, + "la": "praeterea nautici homines urbis et regionis maritimae cotidianoque usu a pueris exercitati ad naturale ac domesticum bonum refugere cupiebant et quantum parvulis navigiis profecissent sentiebant;", + "en": "apart from which, the men of the city and the coastal district, seamen as they were and trained as such from boyhood by daily practice, were anxious to resort to this their natural and native gift, and were aware how successful they had been with their humble little vessels." + }, + { + "id": 5516, + "la": "itaque omni studio ad parandam classem incubuerunt", + "en": "Consequently they threw themselves whole-heartedly into the task of equipping a fleet." + }, + { + "id": 5517, + "la": "Erant omnibus ostiis Nili custodiae exigendi portorii causa dispositae;", + "en": "There were guardships posted at all the mouths of the Nile to levy customs dues," + }, + { + "id": 5518, + "la": "naves veteres erant in occultis regiae navalibus, quibus multis annis ad navigandum non erant usi: has reficiebant, illas Alexandream revocabant", + "en": "and in secret royal dockyards there were old ships which had not seen service afloat for many years. These last they proceeded to repair, while the guardships they recalled to Alexandria." + }, + { + "id": 5519, + "la": "Deerant remi: porticus, gymnasia, publica aedificia detegebant, asseres remorum usum obtinebant; aliud naturalis sollertia, aliud urbis copia sumministrabat", + "en": "There was a shortage of oars: the roofs of colonnades, gymnasia and public buildings were dismantled, and their beams made to serve as oars. In one case it was natural ingenuity that helped to bridge the gap, in another the citys resources." + }, + { + "id": 5520, + "la": "Postremo non longam navigationem parabant, sed praesentis temporis necessitati serviebant et in ipso portu confligendum videbant", + "en": "In fine it was no lengthy voyaging for which they were preparing; but perceiving that the conflict must take place in the harbour itself they obeyed the dictates of the moment." + }, + { + "id": 5521, + "la": "Itaque paucis diebus contra omnium opinionem quadriremis XXII, quinqueremis V confecerunt; ad has minores apertasque compluris adiecerunt et in portu periclitati remigio quid quaeque earum efficere posset idoneos milites imposuerunt seque ad confligendum omnibus rebus paraverunt", + "en": "In a few days, therefore, they surprised everyone by completing 22 quadriremes and 5 quinqueremes, to which they added a considerable number of smaller, open craft; and then, after trying out in the harbour by rowing what each of them could do, they manned them with suitable troops and prepared themselves at all points for the conflict." + }, + { + "id": 5522, + "la": "Caesar Rhodias navis VIIII habebat'nam decem missis una in cursu litore Aegyptio defecerat', Ponticas VIII, Lycias V, ex Asia XII", + "en": "Caesar had 9 Rhodian ships (10 had been sent, but one had been lost during a voyage, on the coast of Egypt), 8 Pontic, 5 Lycian and 12 from Asia.1" + }, + { + "id": 5523, + "la": "Ex his erant quinqueremes et quadriremes decem, reliquae infra hanc magnitudinem et pleraeque apertae", + "en": "These included 10 quinqueremes and quadriremes, while the rest were smaller craft and most of them un-decked." + }, + { + "id": 5524, + "la": "Tamen virtute militum confisus cognitis hostium copiis se ad dimicandum parabat", + "en": "None the less, though informed of the enemies forces, Caesar proceeded with his preparations for an action, confident in the valour of his troops." + }, + { + "id": 5525, + "la": "Postquam eo ventum est ut sibi uterque eorum confideret, Caesar Pharon classe circumvehitur adversasque navis hostibus constituit: in dextro cornu Rhodias collocat, in sinistro Ponticas", + "en": "Now that the stage was reached when each side was self-confident, Caesar sailed round Pharos with his fleet and drew up his ships facing the enemy. On his right wing he posted the Rhodian ships, on his left the Pontic ones," + }, + { + "id": 5526, + "la": "Inter has spatium CCCC passuum relinquit, quod satis esse ad explicandas navis videbatur", + "en": "leaving a gap of 400 paces between them'a distance which he regarded as adequate for deploying his vessels." + }, + { + "id": 5527, + "la": "Post hunc ordinem reliquas navis subsidio distribuit; quae quamque earum sequatur et cui subveniat constituit atque imperat", + "en": "Behind this line he arranged his remaining ships in reserve, deciding which should follow each of the former vessels and which ship each should support, and giving orders accordingly." + }, + { + "id": 5528, + "la": "Non dubitanter Alexandrini classem producunt atque instruunt: in fronte collocant XXII, reliquas subsidiarias in secundo ordine constituunt", + "en": "Nor were the Alexandrians hesitant to bring up and array their fleet; posting 22 ships in front, and the remainder in a second line in reserve." + }, + { + "id": 5529, + "la": "Magnum praeterea numerum minorum navigiorum et scapharum producunt cum malleolis ignibusque, si quid ipsa multitudo et clamor et flamma nostris terroris adferre possent", + "en": "Besides these they brought up a large number of smaller craft and pinnaces, equipped with incendiary missiles and combustibles, in the hope that sheer numbers and the shouts and flames might have some effect in intimidating our men." + }, + { + "id": 5530, + "la": "Erant inter duas classis vada transitu angusto, quae pertinent ad regionem Africae'sic enim praedicant, partem esse Alexandreae dimidiam Africae'satisque diu inter ipsos est exspectatum ab utris transeundi fieret initium, propterea quod ei qui intrassent et ad explicandam classem et ad receptum, si durior accidisset casus, impeditiores fore videbantur", + "en": "Between the two fleets lay shoals with a narrow intersecting channel (these shoals belong to the region of Africa'in fact they say that half Alexandria is part of Africa); and for quite a long time there was a pause among the actual combatants as they waited to see which side was to begin the passage, inasmuch as it seemed that those who once entered the channel would be more restricted both in deploying their fleet and, if things fared badly, in withdrawing." + }, + { + "id": 5531, + "la": "Rhodiis navibus praeerat Euphranor, animi magnitudine ac virtute magis cum nostris hominibus quam cum Graecis comparandus", + "en": "The commander of the Rhodian squadron was Euphranor, a man who in point of personality and bravery deserved comparison with our people rather than with the Greeks." + }, + { + "id": 5532, + "la": "Hic ob notissimam scientiam atque animi magnitudinem delectus est ab Rhodiis qui imperium classis obtineret", + "en": "Thanks to the great fame which his professional skill and forceful personality enjoyed, the Rhodians chose him to command their fleet." + }, + { + "id": 5533, + "la": "Qui ubi cessare Caesarem animum advertit, Videris mihi, inquit, Caesar, vereri, si haec vada primis navibus intraris, ne prius dimicare cogaris quam reliquam classem potueris explicare", + "en": "When he perceived Caesars hesitation, he said: It seems to me, Caesar, that you are afraid that, if you once sail into these shoals with your leading flotilla, you may be forced to fight before you can deploy the rest of your fleet." + }, + { + "id": 5534, + "la": "Nobis rem committe: nos proelium sustinebimus'neque tuum iudicium fallemus'dum reliqui subsequantur", + "en": "Leave it to us: we shall bear the brunt of the fighting'we wont let you down'until the others can come up with us." + }, + { + "id": 5535, + "la": "Hos quidem diutius in nostro conspectu gloriari magno nobis et dedecori et dolori est.", + "en": "Certainly for these fellows to go on boasting yonder in our sight is a sore disgrace and mortification to us." + }, + { + "id": 5536, + "la": "Caesar illum adhortatus atque omnibus laudibus prosecutus dat signum pugnae", + "en": "Caesar offered him encouragement and paid him every tribute of praise, and then gave the signal for battle." + }, + { + "id": 5537, + "la": "Progressas ultra vadum IIII Rhodias navis circumsistunt Alexandrini atque in eas impetum faciunt", + "en": "Four Rhodian ships advanced beyond the shoals to be at once surrounded and attacked by the Alexandrians." + }, + { + "id": 5538, + "la": "Sustinent illi atque arte sollertiaque se explicant; ac tantum doctrina potuit ut in dispari numero nulla transversa hosti obiceretur, nullius remi detergerentur, sed semper venientibus adversae occurrerent", + "en": "The Rhodians bore up and by skill and dexterity deployed their line; and of such powerful effect was their training that despite the odds not one of them exposed its broadside to the enemy, not one had its oars swept away, but they always met the oncoming foe head-on." + }, + { + "id": 5539, + "la": "Interim sunt reliquae subsecutae", + "en": "Meanwhile the remaining ships came up with them." + }, + { + "id": 5540, + "la": "Tum necessario discessum ab arte est propter angustias loci, atque omne certamen in virtute constitit", + "en": "Then through lack of sea room skill had perforce to be sacrificed and the whole struggle devolved on courage." + }, + { + "id": 5541, + "la": "Neque vero Alexandreae fuit quisquam aut nostrorum aut oppidanorum, qui aut in opere aut in pugna occupatum animum haberent, quin altissima tecta peteret atque ex omni prospectu locum spectaculo caperet precibusque et votis victoriam suis ab dis immortalibus exposceret", + "en": "And indeed there was not one man in Alexandria, either of our troops or of the townsfolk, whose attention was bespoken with either work or fighting, but he made for the loftiest roof-tops and from out of all the vantage points chose one from which to view that spectacle, and besought the immortal gods with prayers and vows to grant victory to his side." + }, + { + "id": 5542, + "la": "Minime autem par erat proeli certamen", + "en": "The issues involved in the struggle were by no means equal." + }, + { + "id": 5543, + "la": "Nostris enim pulsis neque terra neque mari effugium dabatur victis, omniaque victoribus erant futura in incerto;", + "en": "On our side no chance of escape either by land or sea was presented in the event of repulse and defeat, while victory would in no way settle the question;" + }, + { + "id": 5544, + "la": "cum illi, si superassent navibus, omnia tenerent, si inferiores fuissent, reliquam tamen fortunam periclitarentur", + "en": "whereas in their case, if their fleet should gain the upper hand, they would hold all the cards, while if they were beaten, it would still be left to them to try their luck again." + }, + { + "id": 5545, + "la": "Simul illud grave ac miserum videbatur, perpaucos de summa rerum ac de salute omnium decertare; quorum si qui aut animo aut virtute cessisset, reliquis etiam esset cavendum, quibus pro se pugnandi facultas non fuisset", + "en": "At the same time it seemed a grievous shame that the supreme issue and the salvation of all should be decided by the rival exertions of so few; and if any one of these wavered in purpose or courage, the others too, who had had no chance of fighting to defend themselves, would have to look out for themselves." + }, + { + "id": 5546, + "la": "Haec superioribus diebus saepenumero Caesar suis exposuerat, ut hoc maiore animo contenderent, quod omnium salutem sibi commendatam viderent", + "en": "These considerations Caesar had repeatedly explained to his men in recent days, that they might fight with the greater resolution because they saw that the safety of all was entrusted to themselves." + }, + { + "id": 5547, + "la": "Eadem suum quisque contubernalem, amicum, notum prosequens erat obtestatus, ne suam atque omnium falleret opinionem, quorum iudicio delectus ad pugnam proficisceretur", + "en": "It was by these same arguments too that every man, as he escorted his messmate, friend or acquaintance, implored him not to prove false to the estimate which not only he himself had formed of him, but all those others likewise, to whose decision he owed it that he was now going forth as one of the chosen combatants." + }, + { + "id": 5548, + "la": "Itaque hoc animo est decertatum, ut neque maritimis nauticisque sollertia atque ars praesidium ferret, neque numero navium praestantibus multitudo prodesset, neque electi ad virtutem e tanta multitudine viri virtuti nostrorum possent adaequare", + "en": "Consequently such was the resolute spirit with which the battle was contested that the Alexandrians, albeit a maritime and seafaring folk, derived no assistance from their dexterity and skill, nor did they benefit from their superiority in number of ships, nor could their men, though chosen for their bravery from so vast a multitude, match the bravery of our men." + }, + { + "id": 5549, + "la": "Capitur hoc proelio quinqueremis una et biremis cum defensoribus remigibusque, et deprimuntur tres, nostris incolumibus omnibus", + "en": "In this battle one quinquereme and a bireme were captured with their combat crews and rowers, and three were sunk, all our ships being unharmed." + }, + { + "id": 5550, + "la": "Reliquae propinquam fugam ad oppidum capiunt; quas protexerunt ex molibus atque aedificiis imminentibus et nostros adire propius prohibuerunt", + "en": "The rest of their ships fled to the nearby town, where the townsmen, from stations on the moles and adjacent buildings, protected them and prevented our men from approaching at all close." + }, + { + "id": 5551, + "la": "Hoc ne sibi saepius accidere posset, omni ratione Caesar contendendum existimavit ut insulam molemque ad insulam pertinentem in suam redigeret potestatem", + "en": "To prevent the possibility of this kind of thing occurring to him too frequently, Caesar thought that he ought at all costs to make an effort to gain control of the island1 and the mole extending to it." + }, + { + "id": 5552, + "la": "Perfectis enim magna ex parte munitionibus in oppido et insulam et urbem uno tempore temptari posse confidebat", + "en": "For as his entrenchments in the town were in the main completed, he was confident that a simultaneous attempt could be made against both island and city." + }, + { + "id": 5553, + "la": "Quo capto consilio cohortis X et levis armaturae electos, quosque idoneos ex equitibus Gallis arbitrabatur, in navigia minora scaphasque imponit; alteram insulae partem distinendae manus causa constratis navibus aggreditur, praemiis magnis propositis qui primus insulam cepisset", + "en": "Having formed this plan, he embarked in smaller craft and pinnaces ten cohorts, some picked light-armed troops and such of his Gallic cavalry as he deemed suitable; and, to distract the enemy garrison, he launched an attack with decked ships upon the other side of the island, offering large rewards to the first to capture it." + }, + { + "id": 5554, + "la": "Ac primo impetum nostrorum pariter sustinuerunt: uno enim tempore et ex tectis aedificiorum propugnabant et litora armati defendebant, quo propter asperitatem loci non facilis nostris aditus dabatur, et scaphis navibusque longis quinque mobiliter et scienter angustias loci tuebantur", + "en": "At first the islanders held off our troops attack, simultaneously fighting back from the roofs of buildings, and with equal success defending the beaches with armed parties'and there the roughness of the ground did not afford our troops an easy approach'and guarding the narrow waters with pinnaces and five warships displaying both speed and skill." + }, + { + "id": 5555, + "la": "Sed ubi primum locis cognitis vadisque pertemptatis pauci nostri in litore constiterunt atque hos sunt alii subsecuti constanterque in eos qui in litore aequo institerant impetum fecerunt, omnes Pharitae terga verterunt", + "en": "But as soon as our men had become acquainted with the ground and tried out the shallows, a few got a footing on the beach, others followed in their wake, and a determined attack was launched upon those of the enemy who were drawn up against us on the level foreshore; whereupon the men of Pharos all turned tail." + }, + { + "id": 5556, + "la": "His pulsis custodia portus relicta navis ad litora et vicum applicarunt seque ex navibus ad tuenda aedificia eiecerunt", + "en": "Following their rout the enemy abandoned their defence of the harbour, brought their ships to the built-up area by the water-front, and hastily disembarked to defend the buildings." + }, + { + "id": 5557, + "la": "Neque vero diutius ea munitione se continere potuerunt, etsi erat non dissimile atque Alexandreae genus aedificiorum, ut minora maioribus conferantur, turresque editae et coniunctae muri locum obtinebant, neque nostri aut scalis aut cratibus aut reliquis rebus parati venerant ad oppugnandum", + "en": "They could not, however, hold on so very long with the defences these afforded, though the buildings were of a type not unlike those of Alexandria'to employ a flattering comparison'with a continuous line of lofty towers taking the place of a wall; and our troops had not come equipped with ladders or wicker screens or any other equipment for assault." + }, + { + "id": 5558, + "la": "Sed terror hominibus mentem consiliumque eripit et membra debilitat; ut tum accidit", + "en": "But panic robs men of their sense and reason and palsies their limbs; and so it happened then." + }, + { + "id": 5559, + "la": "Qui se in aequo loco ac plano pares esse confidebant, idem perterriti fuga suorum et caede paucorum XXX pedum altitudine in aedificiis consistere ausi non sunt seque per molem in mare praecipitaverunt et DCCC passuum intervallum ad oppidum enataverunt", + "en": "The very men who on level and unbroken ground were confident they were a match for us, none the less, utterly demoralised now by the flight of their fellows and the slaughter of a few, did not venture to take up a position on buildings thirty feet high, but at various points along the mole dived into the sea and swam the intervening 800 paces to the safety of the town." + }, + { + "id": 5560, + "la": "Multi tamen ex his capti interfectique sunt; sed numerus captivorum omnino fuit sex milium", + "en": "Many of these, notwithstanding, were captured or killed; indeed, the number of captives amounted all told to six thousand." + }, + { + "id": 5561, + "la": "Caesar praeda militibus concessa aedificia diripi iussit castellumque ad pontem, qui propior erat Pharo, communivit atque ibi praesidium posuit", + "en": "After granting his soldiers leave to plunder, Caesar ordered the buildings to be demolished. Near the bridge'the one closer to Pharos'he fortified a redoubt, and posted a garrison there." + }, + { + "id": 5562, + "la": "Hunc fuga Pharitae reliquerant; artiorem illum propioremque oppido Alexandrini tuebantur", + "en": "This bridge the inhabitants of Pharos had abandoned in their flight; while the other one, which was narrower and closer to the town, was guarded by the Alexandrians." + }, + { + "id": 5563, + "la": "Sed eum postero die simili ratione aggreditur, quod his obtentis duobus omnem navigiorum excursum et repentina latrocinia sublatum iri videbatur", + "en": "However, on the next day he attacked it from a similar motive, because the possession of these two bridges seemed likely to do away with all the sallies and sudden forays of the enemies ships." + }, + { + "id": 5564, + "la": "Iamque eos qui praesidio eum locum tenebant tormentis ex navibus sagittisque depulerat atque in oppidum redegerat et cohortium trium instar in terram exposuerat'non enim pluris consistere angustiae loci patiebantur'; reliquae copiae in navibus stationem obtinebant", + "en": "And by now he had dislodged the members of its garrison with artillery and arrows shot from his ships, had driven them back into the town, and put ashore approximately three cohorts'the confined space would not afford a footing for more'while the rest of his forces remained at their posts aboard the ships." + }, + { + "id": 5565, + "la": "Quo facto imperat pontem adversus hostem praevallari et, qua exitus navibus erat fornice exstructo, quo pons sustinebatur, lapidibus oppleri atque obstrui", + "en": "At this stage he ordered the bridge to be screened by a rampart on the side facing the enemy, and the opening for the passage of ships'formed by an arch which supported the bridge'to be filled up and blocked with stones." + }, + { + "id": 5566, + "la": "Quorum altero opere effecto, ut nulla omnino scapha egredi posset, altero instituto omnes Alexandrinorum copiae ex oppido se eiecerunt et contra munitiones pontis latiore loco constiterunt, eodemque tempore quae consueverant navigia per pontis ad incendia onerariarum emittere ad molem constituerunt", + "en": "The latter task being completed, so that not a single pinnace could come out, and the former one being under way, all the Alexandrians forces burst out of the town and took post in a fairly open position over against our fortifications of the bridge; while at the same time they drew up near the mole the vessels which they had been in the habit of sending out under the bridges to set fire to our transports." + }, + { + "id": 5567, + "la": "Pugnabatur a nobis ex ponte, ex mole; ab illis ex area, quae erat adversus pontem, et ex navibus contra molem", + "en": "And so the battle proceeded, with us fighting from the bridge and the mole, and with them from the area facing the bridge and from their ships opposite the mole." + }, + { + "id": 5568, + "la": "In his rebus occupato Caesare militesque hortante remigum magnus numerus et classiariorum ex longis navibus nostris in molem se eiecit", + "en": "While Caesar was occupied with this situation, and as he was encouraging the troops, a large number of rowers and seamen left our warships and suddenly landed on the mole." + }, + { + "id": 5569, + "la": "Pars eorum studio spectandi ferebatur, pars etiam cupiditate pugnandi", + "en": "Some were inspired by their anxiety to watch the fray, others also by the desire to take part in it." + }, + { + "id": 5570, + "la": "Hi primum navigia hostium lapidibus ac fundis a mole repellebant ac multum proficere multitudine telorum videbantur", + "en": "They began by driving back the enemy vessels from the mole with stones and slings, and it seemed that their heavy volleys of missiles were having great effect." + }, + { + "id": 5571, + "la": "Sed postquam ultra eum locum ab latere eorum aperto ausi sunt egredi ex navibus Alexandrini pauci, ut sine signis certisque ordinibus, sine ratione prodierant, sic temere in navis refugere coeperunt", + "en": "But when a few Alexandrians ventured to disembark beyond that point, on the side of their unprotected flank, then, just as they had advanced in no set order or formation and without any particular tactics, so now they began to retire haphazardly to the ships." + }, + { + "id": 5572, + "la": "Quorum fuga incitati Alexandrini plures ex navibus egrediebantur nostrosque acrius perturbatos insequebantur", + "en": "Encouraged by their retreat, more of the Alexandrians disembarked and pursued our flustered men more hotly." + }, + { + "id": 5573, + "la": "Simul qui in navibus longis remanserant scalas rapere navisque a terra repellere properabant, ne hostes navibus potirentur", + "en": "At the same time those who had stayed aboard the warships made haste to seize the gang-planks and ease the ships away from land, to prevent the enemy from gaining possession of them." + }, + { + "id": 5574, + "la": "Quibus omnibus rebus perturbati milites nostri cohortium trium quae in ponte ac prima mole constiterant, cum post se clamorem exaudirent, fugam suorum viderent, magnam vim telorum adversi sustinerent, veriti ne ab tergo circumvenirentur et discessu navium omnino reditu intercluderentur munitionem in ponte institutam reliquerunt et magno cursu incitati ad navis contenderunt", + "en": "All this thoroughly alarmed our troops of the three cohorts which had taken post on the bridge and the tip of the mole; and as they heard the clamour behind them, and saw the retreat of their comrades, and sustained a heavy frontal barrage of missiles, they feared they might be surrounded in rear and have their retreat entirely cut off by the departure of their ships; and so they abandoned the entrenchment they had begun at the bridge, and doubled frantically to the ships." + }, + { + "id": 5575, + "la": "Quorum pars proximas nacta navis multitudine hominum atque onere depressa est, pars resistens et dubitans quid esset capiendum consili ab Alexandrinis interfecta est; non nulli feliciore exitu expeditas ad ancoram navis consecuti incolumes discesserunt, pauci allevatis scutis et animo ad conandum nisi ad proxima navigia adnatarunt", + "en": "Some of them gained the nearest ships, only to be capsized by the weight of so many men; some were killed by the Alexandrians as they put up a forlorn and bewildered resistance; some proved luckier in reaching ships at anchor cleared for action, and so got away safely; and a few, holding their shields above them and steeling their resolution to the task, swam off to ships near by." + }, + { + "id": 5576, + "la": "Caesar quoad potuit cohortando suos ad pontem ac munitiones continere, eodem in periculo versatus est; postquam universos cedere animadvertit, in suum navigium se recepit", + "en": "So long as by words of encouragement Caesar was able to keep his men at the bridge and its emplacements, he too was involved in the same danger; but when he perceived that they were all retreating, he withdrew to his own vessel." + }, + { + "id": 5577, + "la": "Quo multitudo hominum insecuta cum irrumperet neque administrandi neque repellendi a terra facultas daretur, fore quod accidit suspicatus sese ex navigio eiecit atque ad eas quae longius constiterant navis adnatavit", + "en": "As a large number of men followed him and kept forcing their way aboard it, and as no opportunity was afforded either of navigating it or easing it off shore, anticipating what actually happened he dived from the vessel and swam to those ships which were hove to farther off." + }, + { + "id": 5578, + "la": "Hinc suis laborantibus subsidio scaphas mittens non nullos conservavit", + "en": "From them he sent pinnaces to the help of his men who were in difficulties, and saved not a few." + }, + { + "id": 5579, + "la": "Navigium quidem eius multitudine depressum militum una cum hominibus interiit", + "en": "His vessel was in fact capsized by the large number of troops, and foundered with the men on board." + }, + { + "id": 5580, + "la": "Hoc proelio desiderati sunt ex numero legionariorum militum circiter CCCC et paulo ultra eum numerum classiarii et remiges", + "en": "In this battle the losses among the legionary troops amounted to approximately 400, with a slightly larger number of seamen and rowers." + }, + { + "id": 5581, + "la": "Alexandrini eo loco castellum magnis munitionibus multisque tormentis confirmarunt atque egestis ex mari lapidibus libere sunt usi postea ad mittenda navigia", + "en": "The Alexandrians reinforced the redoubt there with strong entrenchments and many pieces of artillery and removed the stones from the sea, subsequently making free use of the opening to despatch their vessels." + }, + { + "id": 5582, + "la": "Hoc detrimento milites nostri tantum afuerunt ut perturbarentur, ut incensi atque incitati magnas accessiones fecerint in operibus hostium expugnandis", + "en": "This reverse, so far from dismaying our troops, fired and stimulated them to carry out large-scale sallies in the course of storming the enemys defence-works." + }, + { + "id": 5583, + "la": "In proeliis cotidianis, quandocumque fors obtulerat, procurrentibus et erumpentibus Alexandrinis, manum conserendi potestate facta multum proficiebat Caesar voluntate optima et ardentibus studiis militum;", + "en": "Every day encounters took place, and whenever a chance offered itself and the Alexandrians burst out in a frontal sally and gave Caesar an opportunity of engaging battle, he achieved considerable success, thanks to the excellent morale and ardent enthusiasm of his troops;" + }, + { + "id": 5584, + "la": "nec divulgata Caesaris hortatio subsequi legionum aut laborem aut pugnandi poterat cupiditatem, ut magis deterrendi et continendi a periculosissimis essent dimicationibus quam incitandi ad pugnandum", + "en": "nor could his widespread words of encouragement keep pace with the legions exertions or their eagerness for fighting, so that they had to be deterred and held back from the most hazardous encounters rather than be spurred on to fight." + }, + { + "id": 5585, + "la": "Alexandrini cum Romanos et secundis rebus confirmari et adversis incitari viderent neque ullum belli tertium casum nossent quo possent esse firmiores, ut coniectura consequi possumus, aut admoniti a regis amicis qui in Caesaris erant praesidiis, aut suo priore consilio per occultos nuntios regi probato legatos ad Caesarem miserunt, ut dimitteret regem transireque ad suos pateretur:", + "en": "The Alexandrians saw that the Romans were heartened by successes and stimulated by reverses, nor were they aware of any third vicissitude of war which could make them yet more steadfast. And so, whether it was they were warned by the kings friends who were in Caesars camp, or whether they were acting on some previous plan of their own made known to the king by secret despatches and approved by him,'we can only guess at their motive'they sent envoys to Caesar requesting him to release the king and allow him to go over to his own side." + }, + { + "id": 5586, + "la": "paratam enim omnem multitudinem esse, confectam taedio puellae, fiduciario regno, dominatione crudelissima Ganymedis, facere id quod rex imperasset;", + "en": "The whole population, they said, being tired and wearied of the girl, of the delegation of the kingship,1 and of the utterly remorseless tyranny of Ganymedes, were ready to do the kings bidding;" + }, + { + "id": 5587, + "la": "quo si auctore in Caesaris fidem amicitiamque venturi essent, nullius periculi timorem multitudini fore impedimento quo minus se dederent", + "en": "and if, at his instance, they were to enter into a loyal friendship with Caesar, then no danger would intimidate or prevent the population from submitting." + }, + { + "id": 5588, + "la": "Caesar etsi fallacem gentem semperque alia cogitantem, alia simulantem bene cognitam habebat, tamen petentibus dare veniam utile esse statuit, quod, si quo pacto sentirent ea quae postularent, mansurum in fide dimissum regem credebat, sin, id quod magis illorum naturae conveniebat, ducem ad bellum gerendum regem habere vellent, splendidius atque honestius se contra regem quam contra convenarum ac fugitivorum manum bellum esse gesturum", + "en": "Though Caesar was well aware that they were a deceitful race, always pretending something different from their real intentions, yet he decided that it was expedient to satisfy their plea for clemency, since, if their demands in any way reflected their feelings, then he believed the king would remain loyal when released; but if, on the other hand, they wanted to have the king to lead them with a view to waging the war'and that was more in keeping with their character'then he thought there would be greater honour and distinction for him in waging war against a king than against a motley collection of refugees." + }, + { + "id": 5589, + "la": "Itaque regem cohortatus ut consuleret regno paterno, parceret praeclarissimae patriae, quae turpibus incendiis et ruinis esset deformata, civis suos primum ad sanitatem revocaret, deinde conservaret, fidem populo Romano sibique praestaret, cum ipse tantum ei crederet ut ad hostis armatos eum mitteret, dextra dextram tenens dimittere coepit adulta iam aetate puerum", + "en": "Accordingly, he urged the king to take thought for the kingdom of his fathers, to have pity on his most illustrious country, shamefully scarred as it was by fire and desolation, to recall his citizens to sanity first and then to preserve them therein, and to prove his loyalty to the Roman people and to Caesar, inasmuch as Caesar himself had such faith in him that he was sending him to join an enemy under arms. Then, grasping his right hand in his own, Caesar made to take leave of the boy'already grown to manhood." + }, + { + "id": 5590, + "la": "At regius animus disciplinis fallacissimis eruditus, ne a gentis suae moribus degeneraret, flens orare contra Caesarem coepit ne se dimitteret: non enim sibi regnum ipsum conspectu Caesaris esse iucundius", + "en": "But the royal mind, schooled in all the lessons of utter deceit, was loth to fall short of the customary standards of his race; and so with tears he proceeded to beseech Caesar to the opposite effect not to send him away: his very kingdom, he declared, was not more pleasing to him than the sight of Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 5591, + "la": "Compressis pueri lacrimis Caesar ipse commotus celeriter, si illa sentiret, fore eum secum adfirmans ad suos dimisit", + "en": "Checking the lads tears, albeit not unmoved himself, Caesar declared that, if that was the way he felt, they would speedily be reunited, and so sent him back to his people." + }, + { + "id": 5592, + "la": "Ille, ut ex carceribus in liberum cursum emissus, adeo contra Caesarem acriter bellum gerere coepit ut lacrimas quas in colloquio proiecerat gaudio videretur profudisse", + "en": "Like a horse released from the starting-gate and given his head, the king proceeded to wage war against Caesar so energetically that the tears he had shed at their conference seemed to have been tears of joy." + }, + { + "id": 5593, + "la": "Accidisse hoc complures Caesaris legati, amici, centuriones militesque laetabantur, quod nimia bonitas eius fallaciis pueri elusa esset", + "en": "Not a few of Caesars officers and friends and many of the centurions and soldiers were delighted at this turn of events, inasmuch as Caesars over-generosity had, they felt, been made fun of by the deceitful tricks of a boy." + }, + { + "id": 5594, + "la": "Quasi vero id Caesar bonitate tantum adductus ac non prudentissimo consilio fecisset", + "en": "As if indeed it was merely generosity and not the most far-sighted strategy which had led him to do it!" + }, + { + "id": 5595, + "la": "Cum duce assumpto Alexandrini nihilo se firmiores factos aut languidiores Romanos animadverterent eludentibusque militibus regis aetatem atque infirmitatem magnum dolorem acciperent neque se quicquam proficere viderent, rumoresque exsisterent magna Caesari praesidia terrestri itinere ex Syria Ciliciaque adduci, quod nondum auditum Caesari erat, commeatum, qui mari nostris supportabatur, intercipere statuerunt", + "en": "Having got themselves a leader, the Alexandrians observed no greater degree of resolution in themselves or of listlessness in the Romans; in addition, the fun which the soldiers made of the kings youth-fulness and irresolution caused great resentment, and they saw they were making no headway. As, moreover, rumours were current that large reinforcements for Caesar were on their way overland from Syria and Cilicia'intelligence which had not yet come to Caesars ears'they decided to intercept a convoy of supplies which was being conveyed to our troops by sea." + }, + { + "id": 5596, + "la": "Itaque expeditis navigiis locis idoneis ad Canopum in statione dispositis navibus insidiabantur nostris commeatuque", + "en": "Accordingly they stationed some lightly armed vessels on guard at suitable points near Canopus, and lay in wait for our ships and supplies." + }, + { + "id": 5597, + "la": "Quod ubi Caesari nuntiatum est, universam classem iubet expediri atque instrui", + "en": "When Caesar was informed of this he ordered his entire fleet to be got ready and equipped," + }, + { + "id": 5598, + "la": "Praeficit huic Tiberium Neronem", + "en": "putting Tiberius Nero1 in command." + }, + { + "id": 5599, + "la": "Proficiscuntur in ea classe Rhodiae naves atque in his Euphranor, sine quo nulla umquam dimicatio maritima, nulla etiam parum feliciter confecta erat", + "en": "Included in this fleet when it set out were the Rhodian ships, and aboard them Euphranor, without whom no naval action had ever been fought, and none even that was not a resounding victory." + }, + { + "id": 5600, + "la": "At fortuna, quae plerumque eos quos plurimis beneficiis ornavit ad duriorem casum reservat, superiorum temporum dissimilis Euphranorem prosequebatur", + "en": "Fortune, however, very often reserves for a harsher fate those upon whom she has showered her most prolific blessings; and so too the fortune that now attended Euphranor was different from that of former times." + }, + { + "id": 5601, + "la": "Nam cum ad Canopum ventum esset instructaque utrimque classis conflixisset et sua consuetudine Euphranor primus proelium commisisset et quadriremem hostium perforasset ac demersisset, proximam longius insecutus parum celeriter insequentibus reliquis circumventus est ab Alexandrinis", + "en": "For when they reached Canopus and each side had drawn up its fleet and entered the conflict, Euphranor, following his normal custom, was the first to join battle; but when he had holed and sunk one enemy quadrireme, he pursued the next one too far; and as the other ships were not quick enough in following his lead, he was surrounded by the Alexandrians." + }, + { + "id": 5602, + "la": "Cui subsidium nemo tulit, sive quod in ipso satis praesidi pro virtute ac felicitate eius putarent esse, sive quod ipsi sibi timebant", + "en": "No one brought him assistance, either because they thought that, considering his courage and his good luck, he was quite able to take care of himself, or because they were afraid for their own sakes." + }, + { + "id": 5603, + "la": "Ita, qui unus ex omnibus eo proelio bene rem gessit, solus cum sua quadriremi victrice perit", + "en": "And so the one and only man who was successful in that battle perished alone along with his victorious quadrireme." + }, + { + "id": 5604, + "la": "Sub idem tempus Mithridates Pergamenus, magnae nobilitatis domi scientiaeque in bello et virtutis, fidei dignitatisque in amicitia Caesaris, missus in Syriam Ciliciamque initio belli Alexandrini ad auxilia arcessenda, cum magnis copiis, quas celeriter et propensissima civitatium voluntate et sua diligentia confecerat, itinere pedestri, quo coniungitur Aegyptus Syriae, Pelusium adducit:", + "en": "Round about the same time Mithridates of Pergamum1 approached Pelusium. A man of high standing in his own country and of great experience and valour in war, as well as a very loyal and valued friend of Caesar, he had been sent into Syria and Cilicia at the outbreak of the Alexandrian war to fetch reinforcements; and now, accompanied by large forces which he had speedily raised, thanks both to the very helpful attitude adopted by the states and to his own conscientious efforts, he arrived at Pelusium by the overland route which links Egypt with Syria." + }, + { + "id": 5605, + "la": "idque oppidum firmo praesidio occupatum Achillae propter opportunitatem loci'namque tota Aegyptus maritimo accessu Pharo, pedestri Pelusio velut claustris munita existimatur', repente magnis circumdatum copiis multiplici praesidio pertinaciter propugnantibus et copiarum magnitudine, quas integras vulneratis defessisque subiciebat, et perseverantia constantiaque oppugnandi quo die est aggressus in suam redegit potestatem praesidiumque ibi suum collocavit", + "en": "This town had been occupied by a strong garrison of Achillas on account of the tactical importance of the place; for Pharos and Pelusium are regarded as the keys, as it were, to the defence of the whole of Egypt, Pelusium guarding the overland approach, as Pharos defends the seaward one. Mithridates now suddenly surrounded it with large forces; and, despite the obstinate defence put up by its numerous garrison,2 thanks both to the large number of fresh troops which he kept throwing in to replace the wounded and exhausted and to the stubborn and unremitting nature of his assault, he reduced it to submission on the same day he started to attack it, and then posted a garrison of his own in it." + }, + { + "id": 5606, + "la": "Inde re bene gesta Alexandream ad Caesarem contendit omnisque eas regiones per quas iter faciebat auctoritate ea quae plerumque adest victori pacarat atque in amicitiam Caesaris redegerat", + "en": "Whereupon, having achieved this success, he marched to join Caesar in Alexandria, peacefully subduing, meanwhile, and winning over to friendship with Caesar, by that authority which normally belongs to the victor, all those districts along his line of march.1" + }, + { + "id": 5607, + "la": "Locus est fere regionum illarum nobilissimus non ita longe ab Alexandrea, qui nominatur Delta;", + "en": "Not so very far from Alexandria lies what is perhaps the best known spot in those parts. It is called Delta," + }, + { + "id": 5608, + "la": "quod nomen a similitudine litterae cepit: nam pars quaedam fluminis Nili derivata duobus itineribus paulatim medium inter se spatium relinquens diversissimo ad litus intervallo mari coniungitur", + "en": "and took its name from its resemblance to the letter; for a certain section of the river Nile splits up into two channels which diverge gradually but are separated by a very wide interval at the coast, where the river joins the sea." + }, + { + "id": 5609, + "la": "Cui loco cum appropinquare Mithridaten rex cognovisset et transeundum ei flumen sciret, magnas adversus eum copias misit, quibus vel superari delerique Mithridaten vel sine dubio retineri posse credebat", + "en": "When the king learned that Mithridates was approaching this spot,2 and knew that he must cross the river, he despatched large forces against him, by which he believed Mithridates could either be beaten and destroyed, or else undoubtedly held in check." + }, + { + "id": 5610, + "la": "Quem ad modum autem optabat eum vinci, sic satis habebat interclusum a Caesare a se retineri", + "en": "However, desirous as he was for his defeat, he was quite as content to cut him off from Caesar and hold him in check." + }, + { + "id": 5611, + "la": "Quae primae copiae flumen a Delta transire et Mithridati occurrere potuerunt, proelium commiserunt festinantes praeripere subsequentibus victoriae societatem", + "en": "The first of his forces to succeed in crossing the river from Delta and meeting Mithridates joined battle in eager haste to forestall those following up behind, and so rob them of the chance to participate in victory." + }, + { + "id": 5612, + "la": "Quorum impetum Mithridates magna cum prudentia consuetudine nostra castris vallatis sustinuit; cum vero incaute atque insolenter succedereeos munitionibus videret, eruptione undique facta magnum numerum eorum interfecit", + "en": "Mithridates contained their attack with great discretion, fortifying his camp after our regular fashion; but when he saw them coming up to the entrenchments with a contemptuous recklessness, he made a general sally and killed a large number of them." + }, + { + "id": 5613, + "la": "Quod nisi locorum notitia reliqui se texissent partimque in navis quibus flumen transierant recepissent, funditus deleti essent", + "en": "And had not the remainder employed their knowledge of the district to find cover for themselves, and some retired to the ships in which they had crossed the river, they would have been completely wiped out." + }, + { + "id": 5614, + "la": "Qui ut paulum ab illo timore se recrearunt, adiuncti eis qui subsequebantur rursus oppugnare Mithridaten coeperunt", + "en": "When they had recovered a little from the resulting panic, they joined forces with their comrades following up behind, and proceeded to a new attack on Mithridates." + }, + { + "id": 5615, + "la": "Mittitur a Mithridate nuntius Caesari qui rem gestam perferret", + "en": "A messenger was despatched by Mithridates to Caesar to bring him tidings of the action." + }, + { + "id": 5616, + "la": "Cognoscit ex suis eadem haec accidisse rex", + "en": "The king learned of these same events from his own people." + }, + { + "id": 5617, + "la": "Ita paene sub idem tempus et rex ad opprimendum Mithridaten proficiscitur et Caesar ad recipiendum", + "en": "Accordingly at practically the same time the king set forth to crush Mithridates, and Caesar to relieve him." + }, + { + "id": 5618, + "la": "Celeriore fluminis Nili navigatione rex est usus, in quo magnam et paratam classem habebat", + "en": "The king had recourse to the quicker method of transport, namely sailing up the river Nile, in which he had a large fleet in readiness." + }, + { + "id": 5619, + "la": "Caesar eodem itinere uti noluit, ne navibus in flumine dimicaret, sed circumvectus est eo mari, quod Africae partis esse dicitur, sicuti supra demonstravimus; prius tamen regis copiis occurrit, quam is Mithridaten aggredi posset, eumque ad se victorem incolumi exercitu recepit", + "en": "Caesar was unwilling to use the same route, so as not to fight a naval action in the river. Instead, he sailed round by that sea which is said to belong to part of Africa, as I have explained earlier.1 Yet in spite of this he came up with the kings forces before the latter could attack Mithridates, and so rescued the victorious Mithridates with his army intact." + }, + { + "id": 5620, + "la": "Consederat cum copiis rex loco natura munito, quod erat ipse excelsior planitie ex omnibus partibus subiecta;", + "en": "The king had encamped with his forces in a naturally strong position,2 since in itself the position was higher than the plateau which lay beneath it on all sides;" + }, + { + "id": 5621, + "la": "tribus autem ex lateribus variis genere munitionibus tegebatur: unum latus erat adiectum flumini Nilo, alterum editissimo loco ductum, ut partem castrorum obtineret, tertium palude cingebatur", + "en": "moreover, on three sides it was covered by defences of diverse types: one side abutted the river Nile; a second ran along very high ground and formed one face of his camp; while the third was encircled by a marsh." + }, + { + "id": 5622, + "la": "Inter castra et Caesaris iter flumen intercedebat angustum altissimis ripis, quod in Nilum influebat, aberat autem ab regis castris milia passuum circiter VII", + "en": "Between the camp and Caesars line of march ran a narrow river with very high banks, which flowed into the Nile and was some seven miles distant from the kings camp." + }, + { + "id": 5623, + "la": "Rex cum hoc itinere venire Caesarem comperisset, equitatum omnem expeditosque delectos pedites ad id flumen misit qui transitu Caesarem prohiberent et eminus ex ripis proelium impar inirent: nullum enim processum virtus habebat aut periculum ignavia subibat", + "en": "When the king learned that Caesar was coming by this route, he despatched all his cavalry and a picked force of light-armed infantry to this river to prevent Caesar from crossing it and to engage at long range from its banks'an unfair engagement, for the spot could neither afford scope for valour nor involve cowardice in any risk." + }, + { + "id": 5624, + "la": "Quae res incendit dolore milites equitesque nostros, quod tam diu pari proelio cum Alexandrinis certaretur", + "en": "These tactics filled our infantry and cavalry with burning resentment at the thought that for so long their struggle with the Alexandrians should prove a drawn battle." + }, + { + "id": 5625, + "la": "Itaque eodem tempore equites Germani dispersi vada fluminis quaerentes partim demissioribus ripis flumen tranarunt, et legionarii magnis arboribus excisis, quae longitudine utramque ripam contingerent, proiectis eis repentinoque aggere iniecto flumen transierunt", + "en": "And so, at the same time as scattered groups of German cavalry, looking for places to ford the river, swam across it at some points where the banks were lower, simultaneously the legionary troops, having felled lofty trees tall enough to reach from bank to bank, hurled them forward and crossed the river on a causeway hastily thrown on top." + }, + { + "id": 5626, + "la": "Quorum impetum adeo pertimuerunt hostes ut in fuga spem salutis collocarent; sed id frustra: namque ex ea fuga pauci ad regem refugerunt paene omni reliqua multitudine interfecta", + "en": "So terrified were the enemy by their attack, that they pinned their hopes of deliverance to flight: in vain, however; for few survived that rout to take refuge with the king, and practically all the remainder were killed." + }, + { + "id": 5627, + "la": "Caesar re praeclarissime gesta, cum subitum adventum suum iudicaret magnum terrorem Alexandrinis iniecturum, protinus victor ad castra regis pertendit", + "en": "After this most notable success Caesar forthwith pushed forward triumphantly to the kings camp, holding the view that his sudden approach would strike great terror into the hearts of the Alexandrians." + }, + { + "id": 5628, + "la": "Haec cum et opere magno vallata et loci natura munita animadverteret confertamque armatorum multitudinem collocatam in vallo videret, lassos itinere ac proeliando milites ad oppugnanda castra succedere noluit", + "en": "But when he observed that this camp was strongly entrenched as well as protected by its natural position, and saw the serried mass of armed men posted at the rampart, he was unwilling to let his soldiers, weary as they were with marching and fighting, advance to attack the camp." + }, + { + "id": 5629, + "la": "Itaque non magno intervallo relicto ab hoste castra posuit", + "en": "Accordingly he pitched camp at no great distance from the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 5630, + "la": "Postero die castellum, quod rex in proximo vico non longe a suis castris munierat bracchiisque cum opere castrorum coniunxerat vici obtinendi causa, Caesar aggressus omnibus copiis expugnat, non quo id minore numero militum consequi difficile factu putaret, sed ut ab ea victoria perterritis Alexandrinis protinus castra regis oppugnaret", + "en": "In a nearby hamlet, not far distant from the kings camp, there was a fort which the king had built and linked with bastions to the main defences of his camp so as to hold the hamlet. This fort Caesar attacked and took by storm on the following day with all his forces; not that he thought it would be difficult to gain that objective by using a smaller number of soldiers, but in order that, with the Alexandrians thoroughly unnerved as a result, he might go straight on from that victory to attack the kings camp." + }, + { + "id": 5631, + "la": "Itaque eo cursu, quo refugientis Alexandrinos ex castello in castra sunt milites insecuti, munitionibus successerunt acerrimeque eminus proeliari coeperunt", + "en": "And so, having chased the retreating Alexandrians from the fort into their camp, our troops carried on their charge right up to the fortifications, where they proceeded to fight at long range very briskly." + }, + { + "id": 5632, + "la": "Duabus ex partibus aditus oppugnationis nostris dabatur: una, quam liberum accessum habere demonstravi, altera, quae mediocre intervallum inter castra et flumen Nilum habebat", + "en": "On two sides our men were afforded an opening for assault: the first was the one which, as I have explained, allowed unimpeded approach; the second comprised the moderate-sized space between the camp and the river Nile." + }, + { + "id": 5633, + "la": "Maxima et electissima multitudo Alexandrinorum defendebat eam partem, quae facillimum aditum habebat; plurimum proficiebant in repellendis vulnerandisque nostris, qui regione fluminis Nili propugnabant:", + "en": "The largest and most carefully picked contingent of the Alexandrians was defending that side which afforded the easiest approach; but the defenders in the area of the river Nile were the most successful in repelling and wounding our men:1" + }, + { + "id": 5634, + "la": "diversis enim telis nostri figebantur, adversi ex vallo castrorum, aversi ex flumine, in quo multae naves instructae funditoribus et sagittariis nostros impugnabant", + "en": "for the latter were being hit by missiles coming from opposite directions'from the rampart of the camp ahead of them, and from the river behind them, where many ships manned with slingers and archers were engaging our men." + }, + { + "id": 5635, + "la": "Caesar cum videret milites acrius proeliari non posse nec tamen multum profici propter locorum difficultatem, cumque animum adverteret excelsissimum locum castrorum relictum esse ab Alexandrinis, quod et per se munitus esset et studio partim pugnandi partim spectandi decucurrissent in eum locum in quo pugnabatur, cohortis illo circumire castra et summum locum aggredi iussit eisque Carfulenum praefecit, et animi magnitudine et rei militaris scientia virum praestantem", + "en": "Now Caesar saw that, while it was impossible for his soldiers to fight with any greater gallantry, yet little headway was being made on account of the difficulty of the ground; he also noted that the highest sector of their camp had been abandoned by the Alexandrians, not only because of its natural strength, but also because, in their eagerness in some cases to fight, in others to look on, its defenders had rushed down to the sector where the fighting was going on; consequently he ordered some cohorts to proceed thither, skirting the camp, and storm the height, putting in command of them Carfulenus, a man of exceptional personality and experience in the field" + }, + { + "id": 5636, + "la": "Quo ut ventum est, paucis defendentibus munitionem, nostris contra militibus acerrime pugnantibus, diverso clamore et proelio perterriti Alexandrini trepidantes in omnis partis castrorum discurrere coeperunt", + "en": ". When they arrived there our men fought with the greatest gallantry against those few of the enemy who were defending the entrenchment; whereupon the Alexandrians, panic-stricken by the shouting and fighting on both sides of them, began to rush about in confusion hither and thither throughout the camp." + }, + { + "id": 5637, + "la": "Quorum perturbatione nostrorum animi adeo sunt incitati ut paene eodem tempore ex omnibus partibus, primi tamen editissimum castrorum locum caperent; ex quo decurrentes magnam multitudinem hostium in castris interfecerunt", + "en": "This utter bewilderment of theirs fired the spirits of our troops to such a pitch that they captured the camp almost simultaneously in all sectors, though its highest point was the first to capitulate; and from that point our men rushed down and killed a vast multitude of the enemy in the camp." + }, + { + "id": 5638, + "la": "Quod periculum plerique Alexandrini fugientes acervatim se de vallo praecipitarunt in eam partem quae flumini erat adiuncta", + "en": "In their efforts to escape this danger most of the Alexandrians hurled themselves en masse from the rampart into the area adjoining the river;" + }, + { + "id": 5639, + "la": "Horum primis in ipsa fossa munitionis magna ruina oppressis ceteri faciliorem fugam habuerunt", + "en": "the first of these were crushed by their heavy fall in the actual trench of the fortification, but the rest found it easier to escape." + }, + { + "id": 5640, + "la": "Constat fugisse ex castris regem ipsum receptumque in navem multitudine eorum qui ad proximas navis adnatabant demerso navigio perisse", + "en": "It is established that the king himself fled from the camp and then, after being taken aboard a ship along with a large number of his men who were swimming to the nearest ships, perished when as a result of the numbers the vessel capsized." + }, + { + "id": 5641, + "la": "Re felicissime celerrimeque gesta Caesar magnae victoriae fiducia proximo terrestri itinere Alexandream cum equitibus contendit atque ea parte oppidi victor introiit quae praesidio hostium tenebatur", + "en": "This signal victory, the outcome of a most speedy and successful action, filled Caesar with such confidence that he hastened with his cavalry to Alexandria by the nearest overland route, and entered it triumphantly by that quarter of the town which was held by the enemy garrison." + }, + { + "id": 5642, + "la": "Neque eum consilium suum fefellit quin hostes eo proelio audito nihil iam de bello essent cogitaturi", + "en": "Nor was he mistaken in his own conclusion that, as soon as they heard of that battle, the enemy would cease to think any longer in terms of war." + }, + { + "id": 5643, + "la": "Dignum adveniens fructum virtutis et animi magnitudinis tulit:", + "en": "On his arrival he reaped the well-earned fruits of valour and magnanimity;" + }, + { + "id": 5644, + "la": "omnis enim multitudo oppidanorum armis proiectis munitionibusque suis relictis, veste ea sumpta qua supplices dominantis deprecari consuerunt, sacrisque omnibus prolatis quorum religione precari offensos iratosque animos regum erant soliti, advenienti Caesari occurrerunt seque ei dediderunt", + "en": "for the entire population of townsfolk threw down their arms, abandoned their fortifications, assumed that garb in which suppliants are used to placate tyrants with earnest prayers, and brought forth all the sacred emblems by the sanctity of which they had been wont to conjure the embittered and wrathful hearts of their kings: even so did they hasten to meet Caesar on his arrival and surrendered themselves to him." + }, + { + "id": 5645, + "la": "Caesar in fidem receptos consolatus per hostium munitiones in suam partem oppidi magna gratulatione venit suorum, qui non tantum bellum ipsum ac dimicationem sed etiam talem adventum eius felicem fuisse laetabantur", + "en": "Caesar took them formally under his protection and consoled them; then, passing through the enemy fortifications, he came to his own quarter of the town amid loud cheers of congratulation from his own troops, who rejoiced at the happy issue, not only of the war itself and the fighting, but also of his arrival under such circumstances." + }, + { + "id": 5646, + "la": "Caesar Aegypto atque Alexandrea potitus reges constituit quos Ptolomaeus testamento scripserat atque obtestatus erat populum Romanum ne mutarentur", + "en": "Having made himself master of Egypt and Alexandria, Caesar appointed as kings those whose names Ptolemaeus had written down in his will with an earnest appeal to the Roman people that they should not be altered." + }, + { + "id": 5647, + "la": "Nam maiore ex duobus pueris, rege, amisso minori tradidit regnum maiorique ex duabus filiis, Cleopatrae, quae manserat in fide praesidiisque eius;", + "en": "The elder of the two boys'the late king'being now no more, Caesar assigned the kingdom to the younger one and to Cleopatra, the elder of the two daughters, who had remained his loyal adherent;" + }, + { + "id": 5648, + "la": "minorem, Arsinoen, cuius nomine diu regnasse impotenter Ganymeden docuimus, deducere ex regno statuit, ne qua rursus nova dissensio, prius quam diuturnitate confirmarentur regibus imperia, per homines seditiosos nasceretur", + "en": "whereas Arsinoe, the younger daughter, in whose name, as we have shewn,1 Ganymedes had long been exercising an unbridled sway, he determined to remove from the realm, to prevent any renewed dissensions coming into being among factious folk before the dominion of the royal pair could be consolidated by the passage of time." + }, + { + "id": 5649, + "la": "Legiones ibi veterana sexta secum reducta ceteras reliquit, quo firmius esset eorum regum imperium, qui neque amorem suorum habere poterant, quod fideliter permanserant in Caesaris amicitia, neque vetustatis auctoritatem, paucis diebus reges constituti", + "en": "The veteran Sixth legion he took away with him: all the others1 he left there, the more to bolster up the dominion of the said rulers, who could enjoy neither the affection of their people, inasmuch as they had remained throughout staunch friends of Caesar, nor the authority of a long-established reign, it being but a few days since they came to the throne." + }, + { + "id": 5650, + "la": "Simul ad imperi nostri dignitatem utilitatemque publicam pertinere existimabat, si permanerent in fide reges, praesidiis eos nostris esse tutos; si essent ingrati, posse isdem praesidiis coerceri", + "en": "At the same time he deemed it conducive to the dignity of our empire and to public expediency that, if the rulers remained loyal, they should be protected by our troops: whereas if they proved ungrateful, those same troops could hold them in check." + }, + { + "id": 5651, + "la": "Sic rebus omnibus confectis et collocatis ipse profectus est in Syriam", + "en": "Having thus completed all his dispositions, he set out in person for Syria." + }, + { + "id": 5652, + "la": "Dum haec in Aegypto geruntur, rex Deiotarus ad Domitium Calvinum, cui Caesar Asiam finitimasque provincias administrandas tradiderat, venit oratum ne Armeniam minorem, regnum suum, neve Cappadociam, regnum Ariobarzanis, possideri vastarique pateretur a Pharnace;", + "en": "While these events were taking place in Egypt, king Deiotarus came to Domitius Calvinus, to whom Caesar had assigned the government of Asia and the neighbouring provinces, to beg him not to allow Lesser Armenia, his own kingdom, or Cappadocia, the kingdom of Ariobarzanes, to be occupied and over-run by Pharnaces2:" + }, + { + "id": 5653, + "la": "quo malo nisi liberarentur, imperata se facere pecuniamque promissam Caesari non posse persolvere", + "en": "for unless they were liberated from this scourge, he could not carry out his instructions and pay out the money he had promised to Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 5654, + "la": "Domitius, non tantum ad explicandos sumptus rei militaris cum pecuniam necessariam esse iudicaret, sed etiam turpe populo Romano et C Caesari victori sibique infame esse statueret regna sociorum atque amicorum ab externo rege occupari, nuntios confestim ad Pharnacem misit, Armenia Cappadociaque decederet neve occupatione belli civilis populi Romani ius maiestatemque temptaret", + "en": "As Domitius not only considered the money to be indispensable for defraying military expenses, but also decided it was a shameful affront to the Roman people and to the triumphant C. Caesar as well as a slight to himself that the kingdoms of their allies and friends should be seized by a foreign king, he forthwith sent a deputation to Pharnaces, bidding him withdraw from Armenia and Cappadocia and not assail the rights and majesty of the Roman people by resorting to civil war." + }, + { + "id": 5655, + "la": "Hanc denuntiationem cum maiorem vim habituram existimaret, si propius eas regiones cum exercitu accessisset, ad legiones profectus unam ex tribus, XXXVI., secum ducit, duas in Aegyptum ad Caesarem mittit litteris eius evocatas; quarum altera bello Alexandrino non occurrit, quod itinere terrestri per Syriam erat missa", + "en": "In the belief that this warning would have greater force if he approached closer to that area with an army, he set out for his legions; then, taking with him one of the three, the Thirty-Sixth, he sent to Caesar in Egypt the two1 which the latter had called for in his despatch. One of these two did not arrive in time for the Alexandrian war, as it was sent by the overland route through Syria." + }, + { + "id": 5656, + "la": "Adiungit Cn Domitius legioni XXXVI duas ab Deiotaro, quas ille disciplina atque armatura nostra compluris annos constitutas habebat, equitesque C, totidemque ab Ariobarzane sumit", + "en": "Cn. Domitius reinforced the Thirty-Sixth legion with two from Deiotarus, which the latter had had for several years, having built them up on our system of discipline and armament; he also added to it 100 horsemen, and took a like number from Ariobarzanes." + }, + { + "id": 5657, + "la": "Mittit P Sestium ad C Plaetorium quaestorem, ut legionem adduceret quae ex tumultuariis militibus in Ponto confecta erat, Quintumque Patisium in Ciliciam ad auxilia arcessenda", + "en": "He sent P. Sestius to C. Plaetorius, the quaestor, with instructions to bring the legion which had been formed from the hastily improvised forces in Pontus; and Quintus Patisius to Cilicia to muster auxiliary troops." + }, + { + "id": 5658, + "la": "Quae copiae celeriter omnes iussu Domiti Comana convenerunt", + "en": "All these forces speedily assembled at Comana2 according to the orders of Domitius." + }, + { + "id": 5659, + "la": "Interim legati a Pharnace responsa referunt: Cappadocia se decessisse, Armeniam minorem recepisse, quam paterno nomine iure obtinere deberet", + "en": "Meantime the envoys brought back this reply from Pharnaces: he had withdrawn from Cappadocia, but had recovered Lesser Armenia, which he ought to possess by due right of inheritance from his father." + }, + { + "id": 5660, + "la": "Denique eius regni causa integra Caesari servaretur: paratum enim se facere quod is statuisset", + "en": "In short, the issue touching that kingdom should be kept open for Caesars decision; for he was ready to do what Caesar should decide." + }, + { + "id": 5661, + "la": "Cn Domitius cum animadverteret eum Cappadocia decessisse non voluntate adductum sed necessitate, quod facilius Armeniam defendere posset subiectam suo regno quam Cappadociam longius remotam, quodque omnis tris legiones adducturum Domitium putasset, ex quibus cum duas ad Caesarem missas audisset, audacius in Armenia substitisse, perseverare coepit, ut eo quoque regno decederet;", + "en": "Now Cn. Domitius observed that he had withdrawn from Cappadocia not from free choice but of necessity, since he could defend Armenia next door to his own kingdom more easily than the more distant Cappadocia, and also because he had supposed that Domitius would bring up all three legions; and that when he heard that two of those legions had been sent to Caesar, this had heightened his rash resolve to stay on in Armenia. Consequently Domitius proceeded to insist that Pharnaces should withdraw from that kingdom also:" + }, + { + "id": 5662, + "la": "neque enim aliud ius esse Cappadociae atque Armeniae, nec iuste eum postulare ut in Caesaris adventum res integra differretur; id enim esse integrum quod ita esset ut fuisset", + "en": "as far as legal right went, there was no difference between Cappadocia and Armenia, nor had he any right to demand that the question should be left open pending Caesars arrival; a matter was open when it remained just as it had been." + }, + { + "id": 5663, + "la": "His responsis datis cum eis copiis quas supra scripsi profectus est in Armeniam locisque superioribus iter facere instituit: nam ex Ponto a Comanis iugum editum silvestre est, pertinens in Armeniam minorem, quo Cappadocia finitur ab Armenia;", + "en": "Having given him this reply Domitius set out for Armenia with the forces I have recorded above, and began by marching along the higher ground. From Comana in Pontus there is, in fact, a lofty, wooded ridge which extends into Lesser Armenia and forms the boundary1 between Cappadocia and Armenia." + }, + { + "id": 5664, + "la": "cuius itineris has esse certas opportunitates vidit, quod in locis superioribus nullus impetus repentinus accidere hostium poterat, et quod Cappadocia his iugis subiecta magnam commeatus copiam erat sumministratura", + "en": "This route, as he saw, offered definite advantages, namely that on the higher ground no sudden enemy attack could develop, and that, as Cappadocia adjoined this ridge, it was likely to assist him by affording an abundance of supplies." + }, + { + "id": 5665, + "la": "Compluris interim legationes Pharnaces ad Domitium mittit quae de pace agerent regiaque munera Domitio ferrent", + "en": "Meanwhile Pharnaces sent several embassies to Domitius to discuss peace and to take princely gifts for Domitius." + }, + { + "id": 5666, + "la": "Ea constanter omnia aspernabatur nec sibi quicquam fore antiquius quam dignitatem populi Romani et regna sociorum reciperare legatis respondebat", + "en": "All these he firmly rejected and replied to the envoys that as far as he was concerned nothing should take precedence over the prestige of the Roman people and the recovery of the kingdoms of its allies." + }, + { + "id": 5667, + "la": "Magnis et continuis itineribus confectis cum adventaret ad Nicopolim, quod oppidum positum in Armenia minore est plano ipso loco, montibus tamen altis ab duobus lateribus obiectis satis magno intervallo ab oppido remotis, castra posuit longe a Nicopoli circiter milia passuum VII", + "en": "Then, after completing an uninterrupted succession of long marches, he began to approach Nicopolis, a town in Lesser Armenia which is actually situated in the plain, though it is hemmed in on two sides by high mountains at a fairish distance. Here he pitched camp roughly seven miles from Nicopolis." + }, + { + "id": 5668, + "la": "Quibus ex castris cum locus angustus atque impeditus esset transeundus, Pharnaces in insidiis delectos pedites omnisque paene disposuit equites, magnam autem multitudinem pecoris intra eas fauces dissipari iussit paganosque et oppidanos in his locis obversari, ut sive amicus Domitius eas angustias transiret, nihil de insidiis suspicaretur, cum in agris et pecora et homines animum adverteret versari tamquam amicorum adventu, sive inimicus ut in hostium finis veniret, praeda diripienda milites dissiparentur dispersique caederentur", + "en": "From this camp he had to traverse a narrow and confined defile; and for this reason Pharnaces arrayed the pick of his infantry and practically all his cavalry in an ambush, giving orders, moreover, that a large number of cattle should be pastured at various points within this gorge, and that the peasants and burghers should go about openly in that area. His object in so doing was that, if Domitius should pass through that defile as a friend, he might have no suspicions of an ambush, as he would observe both men and beasts moving about the countryside, as if friends were in the offing; while if he should come in no friendly spirit, treating it as enemy territory, his troops might become scattered in the process of plundering and so be cut down piecemeal." + }, + { + "id": 5669, + "la": "Haec cum administraret, numquam tamen intermittebat legatos de pace atque amicitia mittere ad Domitium, cum hoc ipso crederet facilius eum decipi posse", + "en": "While making these dispositions he still constantly continued sending delegations to Domitius to talk of peace and friendship, as he believed that by these self-same tactics Domitius could the more readily be duped." + }, + { + "id": 5670, + "la": "At contra spes pacis Domitio in isdem castris morandi attulit causam", + "en": "But on the other hand Domitius hopes of peace afforded him a motive for tarrying in the camp, where he was." + }, + { + "id": 5671, + "la": "Ita Pharnaces, amissa proximi temporis occasione cum vereretur ne cognoscerentur insidiae, suos in castra revocavit", + "en": "Consequently, as Pharnaces had now lost his immediate opportunity and was afraid that his ambush might be discovered, he recalled his troops to camp." + }, + { + "id": 5672, + "la": "Domitius postero die propius Nicopolim accessit castraque oppido contulit", + "en": "On the morrow Domitius advanced nearer Nicopolis and pitched his camp over against the town." + }, + { + "id": 5673, + "la": "Quae dum muniunt nostri, Pharnaces aciem instruxit suo more atque instituto", + "en": "While our troops were fortifying it, Pharnaces drew up his line of battle according to his own established custom." + }, + { + "id": 5674, + "la": "In fronte enim simplici derecta acie cornua trinis firmabantur subsidiis; eadem ratione haec media collocabantur acie duobus dextra sinistraque intervallis simplicibus ordinibus instructis", + "en": "This, in fact, was formed with its front as a single straight line, with each of the wings reinforced by three supporting lines; and on the same principle support lines were also posted in the centre, while in the two spaces, on the right hand and the left, single ranks were drawn up." + }, + { + "id": 5675, + "la": "Perfecit inceptum castrorum opus Domitius parte copiarum pro vallo constituta", + "en": "Having once begun the task of fortifying his camp, Domitius completed it, with part of his forces posted in front of the rampart." + }, + { + "id": 5676, + "la": "Proxima nocte Pharnaces interceptis tabellariis, qui de Alexandrinis rebus litteras ad Domitium ferebant, cognoscit Caesarem magno in periculo versari flagitarique ab Domitio ut quam primum Caesari subsidia mitteret propiusque ipse Alexandream per Syriam accederet", + "en": "The following night Pharnaces intercepted some couriers who were carrying despatches to Domitius concerning the situation at Alexandria. From them he learned that Caesar was in a very dangerous position, and that an urgent request was being made to Domitius that he should send Caesar reinforcements as soon as possible and himself advance through Syria closer to Alexandria." + }, + { + "id": 5677, + "la": "Qua cognita re Pharnaces victoriae loco ducebat, si trahere tempus posset, cum discedendum Domitio celeriter putaret", + "en": "On learning this, Pharnaces saw himself virtually victorious if he could spin out the time, as he thought that Domitius must speedily withdraw." + }, + { + "id": 5678, + "la": "Itaque ab oppido, qua facillimum accessum et aequissimum ad dimicandum nostris videbat, fossas duas derectas non ita magno medio intervallo relicto IIII pedum altitudinis in eum locum deduxit quo longius constituerat suam non producere aciem", + "en": "Accordingly, from that side of the town which he saw offered our men the easiest and most favourable line of approach to do battle, he carried two straight trenches, four feet deep and spaced not so very far apart, as far as the point beyond which he had decided not to advance his own battle line." + }, + { + "id": 5679, + "la": "Inter has fossas aciem semper instruebat, equitatum autem omnem ab lateribus extra fossam collocabat; qui neque aliter utilis esse poterat et multum numero anteibat nostrum equitatum", + "en": "Between these trenches he consistently drew up his line, while posting all his cavalry on the flanks outside the trench; for otherwise they could not be of any use, and they far outnumbered our cavalry." + }, + { + "id": 5680, + "la": "Domitius autem, cum Caesaris magis periculo quam suo commoveretur neque se tuto discessurum arbitraretur, si condiciones quas reiecerat rursus appeteret aut sine causa discederet, ex propinquis castris in aciem exercitum eduxit;", + "en": "Domitius, however, was more disturbed by Caesars peril than by his own; and as he thought that he would not be safe in withdrawing, if he made a fresh attempt to secure the terms he had rejected or if he withdrew for no good reason, he deployed his army from its nearby camp into battle formation." + }, + { + "id": 5681, + "la": "XXXVI legionem in dextro cornu collocavit, Ponticam in sinistro, Deiotari legiones in mediam aciem contulit, quibus tamen angustissimum intervallum frontis reliquit reliquis cohortibus in subsidiis collocatis", + "en": "He posted the Thirty-Sixth legion on the right wing and the Pontic one on the left, while the legions of Deiotarus he concentrated in the centre, leaving them, however, a very narrow frontage and posting his remaining cohorts behind them in support." + }, + { + "id": 5682, + "la": "Sic utrimque acie instructa processum est ad dimicandum", + "en": "The lines being thus arrayed on either side, they proceeded to battle." + }, + { + "id": 5683, + "la": "Signo sub idem tempus ab utroque dato concurritur: acriter varieque pugnatur", + "en": "The signal to attack was given almost simultaneously on both sides: then came the charge, with hotly contested and fluctuating fighting." + }, + { + "id": 5684, + "la": "Nam XXXVI legio, cum extra fossam in equites regis impetum fecisset, adeo secundum proelium fecit ut moenibus oppidi succederet fossamque transiret aversosque hostis aggrederetur", + "en": "Thus the Thirty-Sixth legion launched an attack on the kings cavalry outside the trench and fought so successful an action that it advanced up to the walls of the town, crossed the trench, and attacked the enemy in rear." + }, + { + "id": 5685, + "la": "At Pontica ex altera parte legio, cum paulum aversa hostibus cessisset, fossam autem circumire ac transcendere conata esset, ut aperto latere aggrederetur hostem, in ipso transitu fossae confixa et oppressa est", + "en": "The Pontic legion, however, on the other flank, drew back a little from the enemy, and attempted, moreover, to go round or cross the trench, so as to attack the enemys exposed flank; but in the actual crossing of the trench it was pinned down and overwhelmed.1" + }, + { + "id": 5686, + "la": "Deiotari vero legiones vix impetum sustinuerunt", + "en": "The legions of Deiotarus, indeed, offered scarcely any resistance to the attack." + }, + { + "id": 5687, + "la": "Ita victrices regiae copiae cornu suo dextro mediaque acie converterunt se ad XXXVI legionem", + "en": "Consequently the kings forces, victorious on their own right wing and in the centre of the line, now turned upon the Thirty-Sixth legion." + }, + { + "id": 5688, + "la": "Quae tamen fortiter vincentium impetum sustinuit, magnis copiis hostium circumdata praesentissimo animo pugnans in orbem se recepit ad radices montium; quo Pharnaces insequi propter iniquitatem loci noluit", + "en": "The latter, nevertheless, bore up bravely under the victors attack and, though surrounded by large enemy forces, yet with consummate presence of mind formed a circle and so made a fighting withdrawal to the foothills, where Pharnaces was loth to pursue it owing to the hilly nature of the ground." + }, + { + "id": 5689, + "la": "Ita Pontica legione paene tota amissa, magna parte Deiotari militum interfecta XXXVI legio in loca se superiora contulit non amplius CCL desideratis", + "en": "And so, with the Pontic legion an almost total loss and a large proportion of the troops of Deiotarus killed, the Thirty-Sixth legion retired to higher ground with losses not exceeding 250 men." + }, + { + "id": 5690, + "la": "Ceciderunt eo proelio splendidi atque inlustres viri non nulli, equites Romani", + "en": "There fell in that battle not a few Roman knights'brilliant and distinguished men." + }, + { + "id": 5691, + "la": "Quo tamen incommodo Domitius accepto reliquias exercitus dissipati collegit itineribusque tutis per Cappadociam se in Asiam recepit", + "en": "After sustaining this defeat Domitius none the less collected the remnants of his scattered army and withdrew by safe routes through Cappadocia into Asia." + }, + { + "id": 5692, + "la": "Pharnaces rebus secundis elatus, cum de Caesare ea quae optabat speraret, Pontum omnibus copiis occupavit ibique et victor et crudelissimus rex, cum sibi fortunam paternam feliciore eventu destinaret, multa oppida expugnavit, bona civium Romanorum Ponticorumque diripuit, supplicia constituit in eos qui aliquam formae atque aetatis commendationem habebant ea quae morte essent miseriora, Pontumque nullo defendente paternum regnum glorians se recepisse obtinebat", + "en": "Elated by this success and confident that his wishes for Caesars defeat would be granted, Pharnaces seized Pontus1 with all his forces. There he played the role of victor and utterly ruthless tyrant and, promising himself his fathers fortune though with a happier ending,2 he took many towns by storm, plundered the property of Roman and Pontic citizens, and decreed for those who in respect of youth and beauty had anything to commend them such punishments3 as proved more pitiful than death. Thus he held unchallenged sway over Pontus, boasting that he had recovered the kingdom of his father." + }, + { + "id": 5693, + "la": "Sub idem tempus in Illyrico est incommodum acceptum, quae provincia superioribus mensibus retenta non tantum sine ignominia sed etiam cum laude erat", + "en": "Round about the same time a set-back was sustained in Illyricum, a province which during the previous months had been firmly held not merely without incurring disgrace but even with distinction." + }, + { + "id": 5694, + "la": "Namque eo missus aestate cum duabus legionibus Q Cornificius, Caesaris quaestor, pro praetore, quamquam erat provincia minime copiosa ad exercitus alendos et finitimo bello ac dissensionibus confecta et vastata, tamen prudentia ac diligentia sua, quod magnam curam suscipiebat ne quo temere progrederetur, et recepit et defendit", + "en": "To this province there had been sent out in the summer a quaestor of Caesars, Q. Cornificius, as pro-praetor;48 b.c. and although the province was not at all abundantly stocked for supporting armies and was exhausted and wasted by war upon its borders and by rebellions,4 yet by his far-sighted and careful policy, taking great pains not to make an ill-considered advance in any quarter, he recovered and defended it." + }, + { + "id": 5695, + "la": "Namque et castella complura locis editis posita, quorum opportunitas castellanos impellebat ad decursiones faciendas et bellum inferendum, expugnavit eaque praeda milites donavit, quae etsi erat tenuis, tamen in tanta provinciae desperatione erat grata, praesertim virtute parta, et cum Octavius ex fuga Pharsalici proeli magna classe in illum se sinum contulisset, paucis navibus Iadertinorum, quorum semper in rem publicam singulare constiterat officium, dispersis Octavianis navibus erat potitus, ut vel classe dimicare posset adiunctis captivis navibus sociorum", + "en": "For example, he successfully stormed several mountain strongholds, the commanding position of which prompted their occupants to carry on a predatory warfare, and presented his troops with the resulting booty; which, paltry though it was, was none the less welcome'considering the very meagre prospects of the province'especially since it was the prize of valour. Again, when in the course of his flight from the battle of Pharsalia Octavius took refuge with a large fleet upon that coast, Cornificius, with the aid of a few ships of the men of Iadera'those devoted supporters of the commonwealth, who were unsurpassed in their constant loyalty'made himself master of Octavius scattered ships, and was accordingly enabled by the addition of these vessels to those of his allies to go into action with something like a fleet." + }, + { + "id": 5696, + "la": "Cum diversissima parte orbis terrarum Cn Pompeium Caesar victor sequeretur complurisque adversarios in Illyricum propter Macedoniae propinquitatem se reliquiis ex fuga collectis contulisse audiret, litteras ad Gabinium mittit, uti cum legionibus tironum, quae nuper erant conscriptae, proficisceretur in Illyricum coniunctisque copiis cum Q Cornificio, si quod periculum provinciae inferretur, depelleret;", + "en": "And when in quite a different quarter of the globe Caesar was victoriously pursuing Cn. Pompeius, and heard that several of his opponents had collected the remnants of the fugitives and taken refuge in Illyricum on account of its proximity to Macedonia, he sent despatches to Gabinius,1 bidding him set out for Illyricum with the legions of recruits which had recently been raised: there he was to join forces with Q. Cornificius and repulse any dangerous move that might be made against the province:" + }, + { + "id": 5697, + "la": "sin ea non magnis copiis tuta esse posset, in Macedoniam legiones adduceret", + "en": "if on the other hand no large forces were needed to ensure the safety of the province, he was to lead his legions into Macedonia." + }, + { + "id": 5698, + "la": "Omnem enim illam partem regionemque vivo Cn Pompeio bellum instauraturam esse credebat", + "en": "It was in fact his belief that the whole of that neighbourhood and area would revive the war, so long as Cn. Pompeius was alive." + }, + { + "id": 5699, + "la": "Gabinius ut in Illyricum venit hiberno tempore anni ac difficili sive copiosiorem provinciam existimans sive multum fortunae victoris Caesaris tribuens sive virtute et scientia sua confisus, qua saepe in bellis periclitatus magnas res et secundas ductu ausuque suo gesserat, neque provinciae facultatibus sublevabatur, quae partim erat exinanita partim infidelis, neque navibus intercluso mari tempestatibus commeatus supportari poterat;", + "en": "When Gabinius came to Illyricum in the difficult winter season,'whether it was he thought the province was more abundantly supplied, or whether he set great store by Caesars winning luck, or whether he trusted in his own courage and skill, which had many a time enabled him, when surrounded by the hazards of war, to score great successes by his personal leadership and initiative'anyway he derived no support from the resources of the province, bled white as it partly was, and partly disloyal, nor could supplies be conveyed to him by ship, since stormy weather had interrupted navigation." + }, + { + "id": 5700, + "la": "magnisque difficultatibus coactus non ut volebat sed ut necesse erat bellum gerebat", + "en": "As a result of these considerable difficulties he was forced to conduct the campaign, not as he wished, but as necessity dictated." + }, + { + "id": 5701, + "la": "Ita cum durissimis tempestatibus propter inopiam castella aut oppida expugnare cogeretur, crebro incommoda accipiebat adeoque est a barbaris contemptus ut Salonam se recipiens in oppidum maritimum, quod cives Romani fortissimi fidelissimi incolebant, in agmine dimicare sit coactus", + "en": "And so, as lack of supplies forced him to storm towns or strongholds in very adverse weather, he frequently sustained reverses, and was held by the natives in such contempt that, while retreating on Salona, a coastal town occupied by very gallant and loyal Roman citizens, he was forced to fight an action on the march." + }, + { + "id": 5702, + "la": "Quo proelio duobus milibus militum amplius amissis, centurionibus XXXVIII, tribunis IIII, cum reliquis copiis Salonam se recepit summaque ibi difficultate rerum omnium pressus paucis mensibus morbo periit", + "en": "In this battle he lost more than two thousand soldiers, thirty-eight centurions and four tribunes: with what was left of his forces he retired to Salona, where, under the stress of overwhelming difficulties of every kind, he fell sick and died within a few months." + }, + { + "id": 5703, + "la": "Cuius et infelicitas vivi et subita mors in magnam spem Octavium adduxit provinciae potiendae; quem tamen diutius in rebus secundis et fortuna, quae plurimum in bellis potest, diligentiaque Cornifici et virtus Vatini versari passa non est", + "en": "His chequered fortune while alive and his sudden death inspired Octavius with high hopes of securing possession of the province; luck, however, which is a very potent factor in war, as well as the carefulness of Cornificius and the courage of Vatinius, did not allow Octavius to pursue his successful career much longer." + }, + { + "id": 5704, + "la": "Vatinius Brundisi cum esset, cognitis rebus quae gestae erant in Illyrico, cum crebris litteris Cornifici ad auxilium provinciae ferendum evocaretur et M Octavium audiret cum barbaris foedera percussisse compluribusque locis nostrorum militum oppugnare praesidia partim classe per se partim pedestribus copiis per barbaros, etsi gravi valetudine adfectus vix corporis viribus animum sequebatur, tamen virtute vicit incommodum naturae difficultatesque et hiemis et subitae praeparationis", + "en": "When Vatinius was at Brundisium he learned of what had been going on in Illyricum; moreover, frequent despatches from Cornificius kept summoning him to bring aid to the province, and he heard that M. Octavius had concluded treaties with the natives and in several places was attacking the garrisons of our troops, in some cases in person with his fleet, in others with land forces, employing native troops. So, although he was afflicted by a serious illness and his bodily strength barely enabled him to obey his will, yet by courage he overcame his physical handicap, as well as the difficulties both of winter and the sudden mobilisation." + }, + { + "id": 5705, + "la": "Nam cum ipse paucas in portu navis longas haberet, litteras in Achaiam ad Q Calenum misit, uti sibi classem mitteret", + "en": "Thus, as he himself had few warships in harbour, he sent despatches to Q. Calenus in Achaia, requesting him to send him a fleet;" + }, + { + "id": 5706, + "la": "Quod cum tardius fieret quam periculum nostrorum flagitabat, qui sustinere impetum Octavi non poterant, navibus actuariis, quarum numerus erat satis magnus, magnitudo nequaquam satis iusta ad proeliandum, rostra imposuit", + "en": "but as this proved too slow a business'our troops were in no position to withstand Octavius attack, and their critical situation urgently demanded something speedier'he fitted beaks to some fast boats, of which he had a sufficient number, though their size was by no means adequate for fighting purposes." + }, + { + "id": 5707, + "la": "His adiunctis navibus longis et numero classis aucto militibus veteranis impositis, quorum magnam copiam habebat ex omnibus legionibus, qui numero aegrorum relicti erant Brundisi, cum exercitus in Graeciam transportaretur, profectus est in Illyricum maritimasque non nullas civitates, quae defecerant Octavioque se tradiderant", + "en": "With these added to his warships, and his fleet thereby numerically increased, he put on board some veteran troops, of which he had an abundant supply from all the legions'they had been on the sick list and had been left behind at Brundisium when the army was being shipped to Greece'and so set out for Illyricum. Now there were not a few coastal communities there which had revolted and surrendered to Octavius:" + }, + { + "id": 5708, + "la": "partim recipiebat, partim remanentis in suo consilio praetervehebatur nec sibi ullius rei moram necessitatemque iniungebat quin quam celerrime posset ipsum Octavium persequeretur", + "en": "some of these he recovered, others he by-passed when they remained steadfast to their policy; nor would he allow anything, however pressing, to embarrass or delay him from pursuing Octavius himself with all the speed of which he was capable." + }, + { + "id": 5709, + "la": "Hunc oppugnantem Epidaurum terra marique, ubi nostrum erat praesidium, adventu suo discedere ab oppugnatione coegit praesidiumque nostrum recepit", + "en": "While the latter was assaulting Epidaurus by land and sea, where there was a garrison of ours, Vatinius forced him by his approach to abandon his assault, and so relieved our garrison." + }, + { + "id": 5710, + "la": "Octavius cum Vatinium classem magna ex parte confectam ex naviculis actuariis habere cognosset, confisus sua classe substitit ad insulam Tauridem;", + "en": "When Octavius learned that Vatinius had a fleet which was in the main made up of small, fast boats, having full confidence in his own fleet he hove to off the island of Tauris." + }, + { + "id": 5711, + "la": "qua regione Vatinius insequens navigabat, non que Octavium ibi restitisse sciret, sed quod eum longius progressum insequi decreverat", + "en": "In this area Vatinius was cruising in pursuit, not from any knowledge that Octavius had hove to there, but because the latter had gained a fairly good start, and he had resolved to pursue him." + }, + { + "id": 5712, + "la": "Cum propius Tauridem accessisset distensis suis navibus, quod et tempestas erat turbulenta et nulla suspicio hostis, repente adversam ad se venientem navem antemnis ad medium malum demissis instructam propugnatoribus animum advertit", + "en": "On approaching closer to Tauris with his ships strung out, since the weather was rough and he had no suspicion of the enemy, he suddenly observed a ship bearing down upon him, its yard-arms lowered to mid-mast, and manned with combat troops." + }, + { + "id": 5713, + "la": "Quod ubi conspexit, celeriter vela subduci demittique antemnas iubet et milites armari et vexillo sublato, quo pugnandi dabat signum, quae primae naves subsequebantur idem ut facerent significabat", + "en": "When he saw this, he promptly ordered the sails to be reefed, the yard-arms lowered, and the troops to stand to; and then, by hoisting the pennant, which was his method of giving the signal for action, he signalled the leading ships astern of him to do the same." + }, + { + "id": 5714, + "la": "Parabant se Vatiniani repente oppressi; parati deinceps Octaviani ex portu procedebant", + "en": "The Vatinians being thus suddenly taken unawares proceeded to man ship: the Octavians, their ships already manned, came sailing out of the harbour one after another." + }, + { + "id": 5715, + "la": "Instruitur utrimque acies, ordine disposita magis Octaviana, paratior militum animis Vatiniana", + "en": "Line of battle was formed on either side, that of Octavius being superior in formation, that of Vatinius in the morale of the troops." + }, + { + "id": 5716, + "la": "Vatinius cum animum adverteret neque navium se magnitudine neque numero parem esse fortuitae dimicationi, fortunae rem committere maluit", + "en": "When Vatinius observed that neither in the size nor the number of his ships was he a match for a chance engagement, he chose rather to trust to luck." + }, + { + "id": 5717, + "la": "Itaque primus sua quinqueremi in quadriremem ipsius Octavi impetum fecit", + "en": "And so he attacked first, charging with his own quinquereme the quadrireme which was the flagship of Octavius." + }, + { + "id": 5718, + "la": "Celerrime fortissimeque contra illo remigante naves adversae rostris concurrerunt adeo vehementer ut navis Octaviana rostro discusso ligno contineretur", + "en": "The latter rowed forward against him with the utmost speed and bravery, and the two ships ran together with their beaks head-on so violently that Octavius ship had its beak smashed away and was locked to the other by its timbers." + }, + { + "id": 5719, + "la": "Committitur acriter reliquis locis proelium concurriturque ad duces maxime: nam cum suo quisque auxilium ferret, magnum comminus in angusto mari proelium factum est", + "en": "Elsewhere a fierce engagement took place, with particularly sharp fighting near the leaders; for with each individual captain trying to support his own leader, a great battle developed at close range in the narrow sea." + }, + { + "id": 5720, + "la": "Quantoque coniunctis magis navibus confligendi potestas dabatur, tanto superiores erant Vatiniani; qui admiranda virtute ex suis navibus in hostium navis transilire non dubitabant et dimicatione aequata longe superiores virtute rem feliciter gerebant", + "en": "The more closely interlocked the ships'whenever the opportunity was afforded for such fighting'the more marked was the superiority of the Vatinians; for they displayed admirable courage in leaping without hesitation from their own ships on to those of the enemy, and where the fighting was on equal terms their markedly superior courage brought them success." + }, + { + "id": 5721, + "la": "Deprimitur ipsius Octavi quadriremis, multae praeterea capiuntur aut rostris perforatae merguntur; propugnatores Octaviani partim in navibus iugulantur, partim in mare praecipitantur", + "en": "Octavius own quadrireme was sunk, and many besides were either captured or else rammed, holed and sunk: some of his combat troops were cut down on the ships, others dived overboard." + }, + { + "id": 5722, + "la": "Ipse Octavius se in scapham confert; in quam plures cum confugerent, depressa scapha vulneratus tamen adnatat ad suum myoparonem", + "en": "Octavius himself took refuge in a pinnace; and when too many others sought safety in it and it capsized, wounded as he was he swam to his own light galley." + }, + { + "id": 5723, + "la": "Eo receptus, cum proelium nox dirimeret, tempestate magna velis profugit", + "en": "There he was taken safely aboard and, when night put an end to the action, took to flight, sailing in a stiff squall." + }, + { + "id": 5724, + "la": "Sequuntur hunc suae naves non nullae, quas casus ab illo periculo vindicarat", + "en": "He was followed by not a few of his own ships, which chance had delivered from that hazard." + }, + { + "id": 5725, + "la": "At Vatinius re bene gesta receptui cecinit suisque omnibus incolumibus in eum se portum victor recepit, quo ex portu classis Octavi ad dimicandum processerat", + "en": "Vatinius, on the other hand, rounded off this success by sounding the retreat and withdrew triumphantly with his entire force intact to the harbour from which Octavius fleet had advanced to do battle." + }, + { + "id": 5726, + "la": "Capit ex eo proelio penterem unam, triremis duas, dicrotas VIII complurisque remiges Octavianos posteroque ibi die, dum suas captivasque navis reficeret, consumpto post diem tertium contendit in insulam Issam, quod eo se recepisse ex fuga credebat Octavium", + "en": "As a result of that action he captured one quinquereme, two triremes, eight two-banked galleys and a large number of Octavius rowers. The next day he spent there in refitting his own and the captured vessels; and on the day following he hastened to the island of Issa, in the belief that Octavius had taken refuge there in the course of his flight." + }, + { + "id": 5727, + "la": "Erat in ea nobilissimum regionum earum oppidum coniunctissimumque Octavio", + "en": "In it there was a town'the best known one in those parts, and one which was on the most friendly terms with Octavius." + }, + { + "id": 5728, + "la": "Quo ut venit, oppidani supplices se Vatinio dediderunt, comperitque ipsum Octavium parvis paucisque navigiis vento secundo regionem Graeciae petisse, inde ut Siciliam, deinde Africam caperet", + "en": "On the arrival of Vatinius there the townsfolk threw themselves upon his mercy, and he learned that Octavius himself with a few small vessels had set course with a following wind in the direction of Greece, intending to make for Sicily next and then Africa." + }, + { + "id": 5729, + "la": "Ita brevi spatio re praeclarissime gesta, provincia recepta et Cornificio reddita, classe adversariorum ex illo toto sinu expulsa victor se Brundisium incolumi exercitu et classe recepit", + "en": "Thus in a short space of time Vatinius had achieved a most notable success, recovering the province and restoring it to Cornificius, and driving his opponents fleet away from the whole of that coast. Whereupon he withdrew in triumph to Brundisium with his army and fleet unharmed." + }, + { + "id": 5730, + "la": "Eis autem temporibus quibus Caesar ad Dyrrachium Pompeium obsidebat et Palaepharsali rem feliciter gerebat Alexandreaeque cum periculo magno tum etiam maiore periculi fama dimicabat, Q Cassius Longinus, in Hispania pro praetore provinciae ulterioris obtinendae causa relictus, sive consuetudine naturae suae sive odio quod in illam provinciam susceperat quaestor ex insidiis ibi vulneratus, magnas odi sui fecerat accessiones, quod vel ex conscientia sua, cum de se mutuo sentire provinciam crederet, vel multis signis et testimoniis eorum qui difficulter odia dissimulabant animum advertere poterat, et compensare offensionem provinciae exercitus amore cupiebat", + "en": "Now during the period when Caesar was besieging Pompeius at Dyrrachium, and achieving success at Old Pharsalus, and was engaged at Alexandria in operations which involved great risk, though rumour made it out to be still greater, Q. Cassius Longinus had been left behind in Spain as propraetor to govern the further province.1 Whether it was due to his own natural disposition, or because he had formed a hatred for that province from having as quaestor been treacherously wounded there, he had greatly added to his unpopularity; which fact he was in a position to observe equally from his own intuition'believing as he did that the province reciprocated his own sentiments'and from the manifold signs and indications afforded by those who found difficulty in concealing their feelings of hate; and now he was anxious to offset the dislike felt by the province with the affection of his army." + }, + { + "id": 5731, + "la": "Itaque, cum primum in unum locum exercitum conduxit, sestertios centenos militibus est pollicitus, nec multo post, cum in Lusitania Medobregam oppidum montemque Herminium expugnasset, quo Medobregenses confugerent, fugerant, ibique imperator esset appellatus, sestertiis centenis milites donavit", + "en": "Consequently, as soon as he had mustered the army all together, he promised the soldiers one hundred sesterces apiece; and not long afterwards in Lusitania, after successfully storming the town of Medobrega and then Mount Herminius, on which the townsfolk had taken refuge, and being hailed there as Imperator, he presented the soldiers each with 100 sesterces." + }, + { + "id": 5732, + "la": "Multa praeterea et magna praemia singulis concedebat; quae speciosum reddebant praesentem exercitus amorem, paulatim tamen et occulte militarem disciplinam severitatemque minuebant", + "en": "In addition he granted many large rewards to individuals; and though these gifts inspired in the army a semblance of affection for the moment, yet they gradually and insidiously undermined strict military discipline." + }, + { + "id": 5733, + "la": "Cassius legionibus in hiberna dispositis ad ius dicendum Cordubam se recepit contractumque in ea aes alienum gravissimis oneribus provinciae constituit exsolvere; et ut largitionis postulat consuetudo, per causam liberalitatis speciosam plura largitori quaerebantur", + "en": "Having settled his legions in winter quarters, Cassius proceeded to Corduba to administer justice, and resolved to lay a very heavy impost on the province and so defray the debts he had incurred in it. And so, as the habit of bribery necessitates, open-handedness was the plausible excuse for seeking yet further contributions to the source of bribery." + }, + { + "id": 5734, + "la": "Pecuniae locupletibus imperabantur, quas Longinus sibi expensas ferri non tantum patiebatur sed etiam cogebat, in gregem locupletium simultatium causa tenues coiciebantur, neque ullum genus quaestus aut magni et evidentis aut minimi et sordidi praetermittebatur quo domus et tribunal imperatoris vacaret", + "en": "Wealthy men were ordered to furnish sums of money, and these Longinus not merely allowed but even compelled to be debited to his own account:1 poor men were precipitated into conflict with the wealthy class to promote dissensions;2 and no kind of profit, either large and obvious, or quite insignificant and mean, was overlooked, none with which the commander-in-chief was not involved privately and officially." + }, + { + "id": 5735, + "la": "Nemo erat, qui modo aliquam iacturam facere posset, quin aut vadimonio teneretur aut in reos referretur", + "en": "There was not one man'provided only he had something to lose'but he was either held on bail or duly entered in the lists of the accused." + }, + { + "id": 5736, + "la": "Ita magna etiam sollicitudo periculorum ad iacturas et detrimenta rei familiaris adiungebatur", + "en": "Thus there was also a very uneasy presentiment of danger in addition to the sacrifices and losses of personal possessions." + }, + { + "id": 5737, + "la": "Quibus de causis accidit ut, cum Longinus imperator eadem faceret quae fecerat quaestor, similia rursus de morte eius provinciales consilia inirent", + "en": "For these reasons it so fell out that, since Longinus as commander-in-chief was employing the same tactics he had used as quaestor, the provincials once again embarked upon similar plans for his assassination." + }, + { + "id": 5738, + "la": "Horum odium confirmabant non nulli familiares eius qui, cum in illa societate versarentur rapinarum, nihilo minus oderant eum cuius nomine peccabant, sibique quod rapuerant acceptum referebant, quod interciderat aut erat interpellatum Cassio assignabant", + "en": "Their hatred was intensified by some of his friends who, although they were employed in that plundering partnership, none the less hated the man in whose name they did wrong, and so, while putting down to their own credit whatever they had gained by their plundering, attributed to Cassius whatever came to nothing or was foiled." + }, + { + "id": 5739, + "la": "Quintam legionem novam conscribit", + "en": "He enrolled a new legion'the Fifth.1" + }, + { + "id": 5740, + "la": "Augetur odium et ex ipso dilectu et sumptu additae legionis", + "en": "Hatred increased as a result of the actual levy and the expense of the extra legion." + }, + { + "id": 5741, + "la": "Complentur equitum III milia maximisque ornantur impensis: nec provinciae datur ulla requies", + "en": "The cavalry were brought up to a strength of three thousand and equipped at the greatest expense. No respite was given to the province." + }, + { + "id": 5742, + "la": "Interim litteras accepit a Caesare, ut in Africam exercitum traiceret perque Mauretaniam ad finis Numidiae perveniret, quod magna Cn Pompeio Iuba miserat auxilia maioraque missurus existimabatur", + "en": "Meanwhile he received despatches from Caesar bidding him bring an army across to Africa and, passing through Mauretania, come to the territory of Numidia; for Juba had sent large reinforcements2 for Cn. Pompeius and would, it was thought, send larger ones." + }, + { + "id": 5743, + "la": "Quibus litteris acceptis insolenti voluptate efferebatur, quod sibi novarum provinciarum et fertilissimi regni tanta oblata esset facultas", + "en": "When Cassius received these despatches he was in transports of immoderate delight at the thought of his being offered so magnificent a chance of new provinces and a highly fertile kingdom." + }, + { + "id": 5744, + "la": "Itaque ipse in Lusitaniam proficiscitur ad legiones arcessendas auxiliaque adducenda; certis hominibus dat negotium ut frumentum navesque C praepararentur pecuniaeque describerentur atque imperarentur, ne qua res cum redisset moraretur", + "en": "And so he set out in person for Lusitania to summon the legions and fetch auxiliaries, allotting certain men the task of organising in advance supplies of corn and 100 ships, as well as assessing and levying contributions of money, so as to avoid any delay on his return." + }, + { + "id": 5745, + "la": "Reditus eius fuit celerior omnium opinione: non enim labor aut vigilantia cupienti praesertim aliquid Cassio deerat", + "en": "His return proved more expeditious than anyone expected; for there was no lack of energy or vigilance in Cassius, especially when he coveted something." + }, + { + "id": 5746, + "la": "Exercitu coacto in unum locum castris ad Cordubam positis pro contione militibus exponit quas res Caesaris iussu gerere deberet, polliceturque eis, cum in Mauretaniam traiecisset, sestertios centenos se daturum; quintam fore in Hispania legionem", + "en": "He then assembled his army at a single rendezvous and pitched camp near Corduba. There at a parade he explained to his troops the scheme it was his duty to carry out on Caesars instructions, and promised to give them 100 sesterces apiece when he had crossed over into Mauretania. The Fifth legion, he explained, would be in Spain." + }, + { + "id": 5747, + "la": "Ex contione se Cordubam recepit eoque ipso die tempore postmeridiano, cum in basilicam iret, quidam Minucius Silo cliens L Racili libellum, quasi aliquid ab eo postularet, ut miles ei tradit, deinde post Racilium'nam is latus Cassi tegebat', quasi responsum peteret, celeriter dato loco cum se insinuasset, sinistra corripit aversum dextraque bis ferit pugione", + "en": "Then, after the parade, he returned to Corduba. That same afternoon, when he was entering the judgment hall, a certain Minucius Silo, who was a client of L. Racilius and was dressed as a soldier, handed him a note, as if he had some petition to make of him; then, following behind Racilius'who was walking beside Cassius'as though he were waiting for an answer, he quickly wormed his way in between them when the chance offered, seized Longinus from behind with his left hand and with his right stabbed him twice with a dagger." + }, + { + "id": 5748, + "la": "Clamore sublato fit a coniuratis impetus universis", + "en": "No sooner was the alarm raised than all the conspirators joined in the attack." + }, + { + "id": 5749, + "la": "Munatius Flaccus proximum gladio traicit lictorem; hoc interfecto Q Cassium legatum vulnerat", + "en": "Munatius Flaccus ran the nearest lictor through with his sword, killed him and then wounded Q. Cassius, Longinus deputy.1" + }, + { + "id": 5750, + "la": "Ibi T Vasius et L Mercello simili confidentia Flaccum, municipem suum, adiuvant: erant enim omnes Italicenses", + "en": "Thereupon T. Vasius and M. Mercello displayed a like audacity in going to the help of Flaccus, their fellow-townsman; for they all hailed from Italica.2" + }, + { + "id": 5751, + "la": "Ad ipsum Longinum L Licinius Squillus involat iacentemque levibus sauciat plagis", + "en": "L. Licinius Squillus rushed up to Longinus himself and inflicted minor wounds upon him as he lay prostrate." + }, + { + "id": 5752, + "la": "Concurritur ad Cassium defendendum: semper enim Berones complurisque evocatos cum telis secum habere consuerat", + "en": "On all sides there was a rush to defend Cassius; for it was his constant habit to have with him a numerous armed bodyguard of Beronians3 and ex-soldiers." + }, + { + "id": 5753, + "la": "A quibus ceteri intercluduntur qui ad caedem faciendam subsequebantur; quo in numero fuit Calpurnius Salvianus et Manilius Tusculus", + "en": "These intercepted all the other would-be assassins who were following up behind, and among them Calpurnius Salvianus and Manilius Tusculus." + }, + { + "id": 5754, + "la": "Minucius inter saxa quae iacebant in itinere fugiens opprimitur et relato domum Cassio ad eum deducitur", + "en": "Minucius was caught as he sought to escape through the stones which were lying in the street,4 and was escorted to Cassius, who had now been carried home." + }, + { + "id": 5755, + "la": "Racilius in proximam se domum familiaris sui confert, dum certum cognosceret confectusne Cassius esset L Laterensis, cum id non dubitaret, accurrit laetus in castra militibusque vernaculis et secundae legionis, quibus odio sciebat praecipue Cassium esse, gratulatur; tollitur a multitudine in tribunal, praetor appellatur", + "en": "Racilius took refuge in a friends house near by, until he should learn for certain whether Cassius was done for. L. Laterensis had no doubt about it, and so hastened joyfully into the camp and congratulated the native troops and those of the Second legion, who, as he knew, cherished a particular hatred for Cassius; and there the mob hoisted him on to the platform and hailed him as praetor." + }, + { + "id": 5756, + "la": "Nemo enim aut in provincia natus, ut vernaculae legionis milites, aut diuturnitate iam factus provincialis, quo in numero erat secunda legio, non cum omni provincia consenserat in odio Cassi: nam legionem XXX et XXI paucis mensibus in Italia scriptas Caesar attribuerat Longino, quinta legio nuper ibi erat confecta", + "en": "There was in fact no man, either born in the province, like the troops of the native legion, or else by this time qualified as a provincial by virtue of long residence'and the Second legion came into this category'who had not shared in the hatred which the entire province felt towards Cassius; for the Thirtieth and Twenty-First legions, which Caesar had allotted to Longinus, had been enrolled in Italy within the last few months, while the Fifth legion had been raised in the province but recently." + }, + { + "id": 5757, + "la": "Interim nuntiatur Laterensi vivere Cassium", + "en": "Meanwhile the tidings reached Laterensis that Cassius was alive." + }, + { + "id": 5758, + "la": "Quo nuntio dolore magis permotus quam animo perturbatus reficit se celeriter et ad Cassium visendum proficiscitur", + "en": "Not so much disconcerted as grievously disappointed by these tidings, he quickly recovered himself and set out to visit Cassius." + }, + { + "id": 5759, + "la": "Re cognita XXX legio signa Cordubam infert ad auxilium ferendum imperatori suo", + "en": "On learning of the facts the Thirtieth legion advanced to Corduba to bring aid to their commander-in-chief:" + }, + { + "id": 5760, + "la": "Facit hoc idem XXI Subsequitur has V Cum duae legiones reliquae essent in castris, secundani, veriti ne soli relinquerentur atque ex eo quid sensissent iudicaretur, secuti sunt factum superiorum", + "en": "the Twenty-First did likewise; and the Fifth followed their lead. Now that there were but two remaining legions in camp, the men of the Second were afraid that they might be the only ones left behind, and that the nature of their sentiments might be inferred from this circumstance: consequently they followed the example of the previous legions." + }, + { + "id": 5761, + "la": "Permansit in sententia legio vernacula nec ullo timore de gradu deiecta est", + "en": "The native legion remained steadfast in its attitude, and nothing could intimidate it or make it budge." + }, + { + "id": 5762, + "la": "Cassius eos qui nominati erant conscii caedis iubet comprehendi; legiones in castra remittit quinque cohortibus tricesimae retentis", + "en": "Cassius ordered the arrest of those who had been named as privy to the murderous plot and, retaining five cohorts of the Thirtieth legion, sent the rest back to camp." + }, + { + "id": 5763, + "la": "Indicio Minuci cognoscit L Racilium et L Laterensem et Annium Scapulam, maximae dignitatis et gratiae provincialem hominem sibique tam familiarem quam Laterensem et Racilium, in eadem fuisse coniuratione, nec diu moratur dolorem suum quin eos interfici iubeat", + "en": "From the evidence of Minucius he learned that L. Racilius and L. Laterensis and Annius Scapula'the last a provincial of the highest standing and influence, with whom he was on as intimate a footing as with Racilius and Laterensis'had all been involved in that same conspiracy; and it was not long before he gave expression to his indignation by ordering their execution." + }, + { + "id": 5764, + "la": "Minucium libertis tradit excruciandum, item Calpurnium Salvianum, qui profitetur indicium coniuratorumque numerum auget, vere, ut quidam existimant, ut non nulli queruntur, coactus", + "en": "Minucius he handed over to his freedmen for torture; likewise Calpurnius Salvianus, who made a formal deposition in which he named a larger number of conspirators'truthfully, according to the belief of certain people; under duress, as some complain." + }, + { + "id": 5765, + "la": "Nam palam cum Calpurnio paciscitur et cum Q Sestio L Qui si maxime nocentes sunt multati, tamen periculum vitae dolorque vulnerum pecuniae remissus crudelitatem cum avaritia certasse significabat", + "en": "For example, he openly made a bargain in fact with Calpurnius for sixty thousand sesterces,1 and with Q. Sestius for fifty thousand. And if their extreme guilt earned them a corresponding fine, yet the fact that the peril of death and the pain of torture was remitted for cash showed how in Cassius cruelty had vied with greed." + }, + { + "id": 5766, + "la": "Aliquot post diebus litteras a Caesare missas accipit, quibus cognoscit Pompeium in acie victum amissis copiis fugisse", + "en": "Several days later he received despatches sent by Caesar, from which he learned that Pompeius had been beaten in the field, lost his forces, and fled" + }, + { + "id": 5767, + "la": "Qua re cognita mixtam dolore voluptatem capiebat: victoriae nuntius laetitiam exprimebat, confectum bellum licentiam temporum intercludebat", + "en": "This intelligence inspired in him mixed feelings'of disappointment and pleasure: the news of victory could not but make him happy: the completion of the war put an end to the present licence." + }, + { + "id": 5768, + "la": "Sic erat dubius animus utrum nihil timere an omnia licere mallet", + "en": "Consequently he could not make up his mind whether he would rather have nothing to fear or nothing barred." + }, + { + "id": 5769, + "la": "Sanatis vulneribus arcessit omnis qui sibi pecunias expensas tulerant, acceptasque eas iubet referri; quibus parum videbatur imposuisse oneris, ampliorem pecuniam imperat", + "en": "When his wounds were healed he summoned all those who had booked sums of money as debited to his account and ordered the said sums to be entered up as repaid;1 and where he seemed to have imposed too light a burden, he ordered the man to pay a greater sum." + }, + { + "id": 5770, + "la": "Equitum autem Romanorum dilectum instituit; quos ex omnibus conventibus coloniisque conscriptos transmarina militia perterritos ad sacramenti redemptionem vocabat", + "en": "Moreover, he held a levy of Roman knights. These were conscripted from all the corporations2 and colonies and, as they were thoroughly scared of military service overseas, he invited them to purchase their discharge." + }, + { + "id": 5771, + "la": "Magnum hoc fuit vectigal, maius tamen creabat odium", + "en": "This proved a great source of profit, but the hatred it produced was still greater." + }, + { + "id": 5772, + "la": "His rebus confectis totum exercitum lustrat; legiones quas in Africam ducturus erat et auxilia mittit ad traiectum", + "en": "This done, he reviewed his entire army and then despatched to the point of embarkation the legions he intended to take into Africa, with their auxiliary troops." + }, + { + "id": 5773, + "la": "Ipse classem quam parabat ut inspiceret, Hispalim accedit ibique moratur, propterea quod edictum tota provincia proposuerat, quibus pecunias imperasset neque contulissent, se adirent", + "en": "He himself proceeded to Hispalis to inspect the fleet he was building up; and there he tarried awhile, since he had published a decree throughout the province that those who had been ordered to contribute, but had not yet contributed sums of money, must come before him." + }, + { + "id": 5774, + "la": "Quae evocatio vehementer omnis turbavit", + "en": "This summons disturbed them all profoundly." + }, + { + "id": 5775, + "la": "Interim L Titius, qui eo tempore tribunus militum in legione vernacula fuerat, nuntiat eam a legione XXX., quam Q Cassius legatus simul ducebat, cum ad oppidum Ilipam castra haberet, seditione facta centurionibus aliquot occisis qui signa tolli non patiebantur, discessisse et ad secundam legionem contendisse, quae ad fretum alio itinere ducebatur", + "en": "Meanwhile L. Titius brought tidings of the native legion, in which he had been at the time a military tribune: his report ran that while it was encamped near the town of Ilipa a mutiny had broken out, and several centurions who had refused to let them strike camp had been killed; the legion had then parted company with the Thirtieth legion'this was also under command of Q. Cassius, the governors deputy'and made haste to join the Second legion, which was being taken to the straits by another route." + }, + { + "id": 5776, + "la": "Cognita re noctu cum V cohortibus unetvicesimanorum egreditur, mane pervenit Naevam", + "en": "On learning of the matter Longinus left by night with five cohorts of the Twenty-First legion, and early in the morning arrived at Naeva." + }, + { + "id": 5777, + "la": "Ibi eum diem, ut quid ageretur perspiceret, moratus Carmonem contendit", + "en": "There he waited that day, in order to get a clear view of what was taking place: then he marched to Carmo." + }, + { + "id": 5778, + "la": "Hic, cum legio XXX et XXI et cohortes IIII ex V legione totusque convenisset equitatus, audit IIII cohortis a vernaculis oppressas ad Obuculam cum his ad secundam pervenisse legionem omnisque ibi se coniunxisse et T Thorium Italicensem ducem delegisse", + "en": "Here he was joined by the Thirtieth legion and the Twenty-First, with four cohorts of the Fifth and his entire cavalry force, and then heard that four cohorts had been overpowered by the native troops, and in company with the latter had made contact with the second legion near Obucula,1 where they had all joined forces and chosen T. Thorius, a native of Italica, as their leader." + }, + { + "id": 5779, + "la": "Celeriter habito consilio M Marcellum quaestorem Cordubam, ut eam in potestate retineret, Q Cassium legatum Hispalim mittit", + "en": "He promptly held a consultation and despatched the quaestor, M. Marcellus, to Corduba, to retain control of it, and Q. Cassius, his deputy, to Hispalis." + }, + { + "id": 5780, + "la": "Paucis ei diebus affertur conventum Cordubensem ab eo defecisse Marcellumque aut voluntate aut necessitate adductum'namque id varie nuntiabatur'consentire cum Cordubensibus; duas cohortis legionis V., quae fuerant Cordubae in praesidio, idem facere", + "en": "Within a few days news was brought to him that the corporation of Corduba had revolted from him, and that Marcellus, either of his own free will, or under compulsion-reports varied on this point'was hand in glove with the men of Corduba; and that the two cohorts of the Fifth legion which had formed the garrison force of Corduba were taking a similar line." + }, + { + "id": 5781, + "la": "Cassius his rebus incensus movet castra et postero die Segoviam ad flumen Singiliense venit", + "en": "Incensed by these reports Cassius struck camp, and on the morrow came to Segovia1 on the river Singilis." + }, + { + "id": 5782, + "la": "Ibi habita contione militum temptat animos; quos cognoscit non sua sed Caesaris absentis causa sibi fidissimos esse nullumque periculum deprecaturos, dum per eos Caesari provincia restitueretur", + "en": "There he held a parade and sounded the temper of his troops, learning thereby that it was not for his own sake, but for the sake of the absent Caesar that they were entirely loyal to himself, and that there was no hazard they would not face without a murmur, so be they were the means of restoring the province to Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 5783, + "la": "Interim Thorius ad Cordubam veteres legiones adducit ac, ne dissensionis initium natum seditiosa militum suaque natura videretur, simul ut contra Q Cassium, qui Caesaris nomine maioribus viribus uti videbatur, aeque potentem opponeret dignitatem, Cn Pompeio se provinciam reciperare velle palam dictitabat", + "en": "Meanwhile Thorius led his veteran legions towards Corduba. To avoid the impression that the quarrel had originally arisen from any natural tendency to mutiny on his own part or on that of his troops, and at the same time to counter Q. Cassius'who, as it appeared, was operating in the name of Caesar with forces more powerful than his own'with no less weighty an authority, he kept openly asserting that it was for Cn. Pompeius that he wished to recover the province." + }, + { + "id": 5784, + "la": "Et forsitan etiam hoc fecerit odio Caesaris et amore Pompei, cuius nomen multum poterat apud eas legiones quas M Varro obtinuerat", + "en": "And it may even be that he did so wish, owing to his hatred for Caesar and affection for Pompey, the latters name carrying great weight with those legions which M. Varro had held." + }, + { + "id": 5785, + "la": "Sed id qua mente, communis erat coniectura: certe hoc prae se Thorius ferebat; milites adeo fatebantur, ut Cn Pompei nomen in scutis inscriptum haberent", + "en": "But what his motive was in this was a matter for general conjecture. At any rate that was what Thorius gave out; and his troops acknowledged it to the extent that they had the name of Cn. Pompeius carved on their shields." + }, + { + "id": 5786, + "la": "Frequens legionibus conventus obviam prodit, neque tantum virorum", + "en": "A vast concourse of citizens came forth to meet the legions, not only of men" + }, + { + "id": 5787, + "la": "sed etiam matrum familias ac praetextatorum, deprecaturque ne hostili adventu Cordubam diriperent: nam se contra Cassium consentire cum omnibus; contra Caesarem ne facere cogerentur orare", + "en": "but also of matrons and youths, beseeching them not to approach Corduba as enemies and plunder it: they themselves in fact shared in the universal antagonism against Cassius; and they prayed they might not be compelled to act against Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 5788, + "la": "Tantae multitudinis precibus et lacrimis exercitus commotus cum videret ad Cassium persequendum nihil opus esse Cn Pompei nomine et memoria tamque omnibus Caesarianis quam Pompeianis Longinum esse in odio neque se conventum neque M Marcellum contra Caesaris causam posse perducere, nomen Pompei ex scutis detraxerunt, Marcellum, qui se Caesaris causam defensurum profitebatur, ducem asciverunt praetoremque appellarunt et conventum sibi adiunxerunt castraque ad Cordubam posuerunt", + "en": "The tears and entreaties of this vast multitude had no little effect upon the army; it saw too that to punish Cassius it had no need of the name and memory of Cn. Pompeius; that Longinus was equally hateful to all the adherents of Caesar as he was to those of Pompey; and that it could induce neither the citizen corporation of Corduba nor Marcellus to act contrary to Caesars interest. Accordingly they removed Pompeys name from their shields, adopted Marcellus, who professed his intention to champion Caesars cause, as their leader and hailed him as praetor, made common cause with the citizen corporation, and pitched their camp near Corduba." + }, + { + "id": 5789, + "la": "Cassius eo biduo circiter IIII milia passuum a Corduba citra flumen Baetim in oppidi conspectu loco excelso facit castra;", + "en": "Within two days Cassius pitched camp on his side of the river Baetis some four miles distant from Corduba, in a lofty position in sight of the town." + }, + { + "id": 5790, + "la": "litteras ad regem Bogudem in Mauretaniam et ad M Lepidum proconsulem in Hispaniam citeriorem mittit, subsidio sibi provinciaeque Caesaris causa quam primum veniret", + "en": "He sent despatches to king Bogud in Mauretania and to M. Lepidus, the pro-consul, in Hither Spain, urging each to come as soon as possible to the aid of himself and the province, in the interest of Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 5791, + "la": "Ipse hostili modo Cordubensium agros vastat, aedificia incendit", + "en": "He himself laid waste in hostile fashion the territory of Corduba and set buildings ablaze." + }, + { + "id": 5792, + "la": "Cuius rei deformitate atque indignitate legiones quae Marcellum sibi ducem ceperant ad eum concurrerunt, ut in aciem educerentur orant, priusque confligendi sibi potestas fieret quam cum tanta contumelia nobilissimae carissimaeque possessiones Cordubensium in conspectu suo rapinis, ferro flammaque consumerentur", + "en": "The hideous and outrageous character of this action led the legions which had taken Marcellus for their leader to rush to him in a body and beg him that they might be led out to battle and granted an opportunity of engaging the enemy before those most illustrious and beloved possessions of the people of Corduba should suffer the grievous ignominy of being consumed before their very eyes by plunder, fire and sword." + }, + { + "id": 5793, + "la": "Marcellus cum confligere miserrimum putaret, quod et victoris et victi detrimentum ad eundem Caesarem esset redundaturum neque suae potestatis esset, legiones Baetim traducit aciemque instruit", + "en": "Though Marcellus thought it a thousand pities to engage, since the loss sustained by victor and vanquished alike would in either case have repercussions on Caesar, and it lay outside his power to control it, yet he took his legions across the Baetis and drew up his line." + }, + { + "id": 5794, + "la": "Cum Cassium contra pro suis castris aciem instruxisse loco superiore videret, causa interposita, quod is in aequum non descenderet, Marcellus militibus persuadet ut se recipiant in castra", + "en": "On seeing that Cassius had drawn up his line facing him on higher ground in front of his own camp, Marcellus prevailed upon his troops to withdraw to their camp, putting them off with the excuse that the enemy refused to come down into the plain." + }, + { + "id": 5795, + "la": "Itaque copias reducere coepit", + "en": "And so he proceeded to withdraw his forces." + }, + { + "id": 5796, + "la": "Cassius, quo bono valebat Marcellumque infirmum esse sciebat, aggressus equitatu legionarios se recipientis compluris novissimos in fluminis ripis interfecit", + "en": "Cassius employed his excellent cavalry'in which arm he was strong, and knew Marcellus to be weak'to attack the retreating legionaries, and killed quite a number of their rearguard on the banks of the river." + }, + { + "id": 5797, + "la": "Cum hoc detrimento quid transitus fluminis viti difficultatisque haberet cognitum esset, Marcellus castra Baetim transfert, crebroque uterque legiones in aciem educit; neque tamen confligitur propter locorum difficultates", + "en": "Made aware by this loss of the drawback and difficulty involved in crossing the river, Marcellus transferred his camp to the other side of the Baetis. Now both commanders frequently led out their legions to battle; there was, however, no engagement owing to the difficult nature of the ground." + }, + { + "id": 5798, + "la": "Erat copiis pedestribus multo firmior Marcellus; habebat enim veteranas multisque proeliis expertas legiones", + "en": "Marcellus was much stronger in infantry forces; for the legions he had were veteran ones, tested in many campaigns." + }, + { + "id": 5799, + "la": "Cassius fidei magis quam virtuti legionum confidebat", + "en": "Cassius relied on the loyalty rather than the valour of his legions." + }, + { + "id": 5800, + "la": "Itaque, cum castra castris collata essent et Marcellus locum idoneum castello cepisset quo prohibere aqua Cassianos posset, Longinus, veritus ne genere quodam obsidionis clauderetur in regionibus alienis sibique infestis, noctu silentio ex castris proficiscitur celerique itinere Uliam contendit, quod sibi fidele esse oppidum credebat", + "en": "Consequently when the two camps had been pitched over against one another and Marcellus had selected a position suitable for a stronghold which might enable him to prevent the enemy troops from getting water, Longinus was afraid of being shut up by a virtual blockade in territory controlled by others and hostile to himself; and so he silently set out from his camp by night and marched swiftly to Ulia, a town which he believed to be loyal to himself." + }, + { + "id": 5801, + "la": "Ibi adeo coniuncta ponit moenibus castra ut et loci natura'namque Ulia in edito monte posita est'et ipsa munitione urbis undique ab oppugnatione tutus esset", + "en": "There he pitched his camp so close to the walls of the town that not only its natural position'for Ulia is situated on a lofty mountain'but also the actual fortification of the city made him safe on all sides from assault." + }, + { + "id": 5802, + "la": "Hunc Marcellus insequitur et quam proxime potest Uliam castra castris confert locorumque cognita natura, quo maxime rem deducere volebat, necessitate est deductus ut neque confligeret'cuius si rei facultas esset, resistere incitatis militibus non poterat'neque vagari Cassium latius pateretur, ne plures civitates ea paterentur quae passi erant Cordubenses", + "en": "Marcellus pursued him and pitched his camp over against the enemy camp as close to Ulia as he could. When he had appreciated the nature of the ground, he had inevitably to resort to the very tactics to which above all he wanted to resort, namely refraining from an engagement'and had there been an opportunity for engaging he could not have held in check his excited troops'and at the same time not allowing Cassius to roam too far afield, to prevent more communities from suffering the fate of the inhabitants of Corduba." + }, + { + "id": 5803, + "la": "Castellis idoneis locis collocatis operibusque in circuitu oppidi continuatis Uliam Cassiumque munitionibus clausit", + "en": "By siting strongholds at suitable points and carrying his field-works in a continuous ring round the town, he hemmed in Ulia and Cassius with entrenchments." + }, + { + "id": 5804, + "la": "Quae prius quam perficerentur, Longinus omnem suum equitatum emisit; quem magno sibi usu fore credebat, si pabulari frumentarique Marcellum non pateretur, magno autem fore impedimento, si clausus obsidione et inutilis necessarium consumeret frumentum", + "en": "But before these could be completed, Longinus sent out his entire cavalry force, in the belief that it would stand him in very good stead if it stopped Marcellus from collecting fodder and corn, whereas it would prove a great handicap if, shut up by blockade and rendered useless, it used up precious corn." + }, + { + "id": 5805, + "la": "Paucis diebus Q Cassi litteris acceptis rex Bogus cum copiis venit adiungitque ei legioni quam secum adduxerat compluris cohortis auxiliarias Hispanorum", + "en": "Within a few days king Bogud, having received Q. Cassius despatches, arrived with his forces; he had brought one legion with him, and to this he now added several auxiliary cohorts of Spanish troops." + }, + { + "id": 5806, + "la": "Namque ut in civilibus dissensionibus accidere consuevit, ita temporibus illis in Hispania non nullae civitates rebus Cassi studebant, plures Marcellum fovebant", + "en": "For, as usually happens in civil wars, some states in Spain at that time were supporters of Cassius, though a larger number warmly espoused the cause of Marcellus." + }, + { + "id": 5807, + "la": "Accedit cum copiis Bogus ad exteriores Marcelli munitiones", + "en": "Bogud and his forces came up to the outer entrenchments of Marcellus:" + }, + { + "id": 5808, + "la": "Pugnatur utrimque acriter, crebroque id accidit fortuna saepe ad utrumque victoriam transferente; nec tamen umquam ab operibus depellitur Marcellus", + "en": "sharp fighting broke out between the two sides, and this recurred at frequent intervals, with the tide of fortune often turning from one side to the other. Marcellus, however, was never dislodged from his field-works." + }, + { + "id": 5809, + "la": "Interim Lepidus ex citeriore provincia cum cohortibus legionariis XXXV magnoque numero equitum et reliquorum auxiliorum venit ea mente Uliam, ut sine ullo studio contentiones Cassi Marcellique componeret", + "en": "Meanwhile Lepidus came to Ulia from the nearer province with thirty-five legionary cohorts and a large number of cavalry and other auxiliary troops, his object being to resolve, quite impartially, the dispute between Cassius and Marcellus." + }, + { + "id": 5810, + "la": "Huic venienti sine dubitatione Marcellus se credit atque offert; Cassius contra suis se tenet praesidiis, sive eo quod plus sibi iuris deberi quam Marcello existimabat, sive eo quod ne praeoccupatus animus Lepidi esset obsequio adversarii verebatur", + "en": "On his arrival Marcellus without hesitation put himself confidently into Lepidus hands. Cassius, on the other hand, remained within his own defences, either because he thought that a greater measure of justice was due to himself than to Marcellus, or else because he was afraid that Lepidus attitude might have been biased by the deference shewn him by his opponent." + }, + { + "id": 5811, + "la": "Ponit ad Uliam castra Lepidus neque habet a Marcello quicquam divisi", + "en": "Lepidus pitched his camp near Ulia, in complete accord with Marcellus." + }, + { + "id": 5812, + "la": "Ne pugnetur interdicit; ad exeundum Cassium invitat fidemque suam in re omni interponit", + "en": "He refused to allow any fighting, invited Cassius to come out, and pledged his word to every offer he made." + }, + { + "id": 5813, + "la": "Cum diu dubitasset Cassius quid sibi faciendum quidve Lepido esset credendum, neque ullum exitum consili sui reperiret si permaneret in sententia, postulat uti munitiones disicerentur sibique liber exitus daretur", + "en": "For a long time Cassius was in doubt as to what he should do or what confidence he should place in Lepidus; but as he could find no solution to his policy if he remained steadfast in his decision, he demanded that the entrenchments should be demolished and that he himself should be granted leave to depart unmolested." + }, + { + "id": 5814, + "la": "Non tantum indutiis factis sed prope iam pace constituta opera cum complanarent custodiaeque munitionum essent deductae, auxilia regis in id castellum Marcelli quod proximum erat regis castris, neque opinantibus omnibus'si tamen in omnibus fuit Cassius: nam de huius conscientia dubitabatur', impetum fecerunt complurisque ibi milites oppresserunt", + "en": "Not only had a truce been made, but by now a peaceful settlement had been all but arranged, and they were dismantling the fieldworks and the sentries manning the entrenchments had been withdrawn, when, though nobody expected it'if indeed nobody included Cassius, for there was some doubt as to his complicity'the kings auxiliary forces launched an attack upon the stronghold of Marcellus nearest the kings camp, and overpowered a number of troops in it." + }, + { + "id": 5815, + "la": "Quod nisi celeriter indignatione et auxilio Lepidi proelium esset diremptum, maior calamitas esset accepta", + "en": "And had not Lepidus in righteous anger promptly lent his assistance to break up that fray, a greater disaster would have been sustained." + }, + { + "id": 5816, + "la": "Cum iter Cassio patefactum esset, castra Marcellus cum Lepido coniungit", + "en": "Now that the way lay open to Cassius, Marcellus joined his camp to that of Lepidus." + }, + { + "id": 5817, + "la": "Lepidus eodem tempore Marcellusque Cordubam cum suis, Cassius proficiscitur Carmonem", + "en": "Lepidus and Marcellus then set out with their forces simultaneously for Corduba, Cassius for Carmo." + }, + { + "id": 5818, + "la": "Sub idem tempus Trebonius proconsul ad provinciam obtinendam venit", + "en": "Round about the same time Trebonius came to govern the province as pro-consul." + }, + { + "id": 5819, + "la": "De cuius adventu ut cognovit Cassius, legiones quas secum habuerat equitatumque in hiberna distribuit;", + "en": "When Cassius learned of his coming he posted the legions under his command and the cavalry to their various winter-quarters;" + }, + { + "id": 5820, + "la": "ipse omnibus suis rebus celeriter correptis Malacam contendit ibique adverso tempore navigandi navis conscendit, ut ipse praedicabat, ne se Lepido et Trebonio et Marcello committeret, ut amici eius dictitabant, ne per eam provinciam minore cum dignitate iter faceret cuius magna pars ab eo defecerat, ut ceteri existimabant, ne pecunia illa ex infinitis rapinis confecta in potestatem cuiusquam veniret", + "en": "as for himself, he hurriedly grabbed all his belongings and hastened to Malaca, where he embarked, although the season was unfavourable for navigation. His object, as he personally averred, was to avoid committing himself to Lepidus, Trebonius and Marcellus: as his friends asserted, to avoid the relative humiliation of travelling through a province a great part of which had revolted from him: as everyone else believed, to avoid letting that money of his'the proceeds of innumerable robberies'fall into the hands of anyone else." + }, + { + "id": 5821, + "la": "Progressus secunda ut hiberna tempestate cum in Hiberum flumen noctis vitandae causa se contulisset, inde paulo vehementiore tempestate, nihilo periculosius se navigaturum credens, profectus, adversis fluctibus occurrentibus ostio fluminis, in ipsis faucibus, cum neque flectere navem propter vim fluminis neque directam tantis fluctibus tenere posset, demersa nave periit", + "en": "At first he made some headway in weather which, considering it was winter, was favourable; but after he had taken shelter in the river Ebro to avoid sailing by night, the weather then became somewhat stormier; believing, however, that he would run no greater risk if he sailed, he set forth: but what with the swell rolling in head on against the river mouth, and the strong current preventing him from putting about just as the huge waves made it impossible to hold on straight ahead, his ship sank in the very mouth of the river, and so he perished." + }, + { + "id": 5822, + "la": "Cum in Syriam Caesar ex Aegypto venisset atque ab eis qui Roma venerant ad eum cognosceret litterisque urbanis animadverteret multa Romae male et inutiliter administrari neque ullam partem rei publicae satis commode geri, quod et contentionibus tribuniciis perniciosae seditiones orirentur et ambitione atque indulgentia tribunorum militum et qui legionibus praeerant multa contra morem consuetudinemque militarem fierent, quae dissolvendae disciplinae severitatisque essent, eaque omnia flagitare adventum suum videret, tamen praeferendum existimabat, quas in provincias regionesque venisset, eas ita relinquere constitutas ut domesticis dissensionibus liberarentur, iura legesque acciperent, externorum hostium metum deponerent", + "en": "On his arrival in Syria1 from Egypt Caesar learned from those who had joined him there from Rome, as well as from information contained in despatches from the city, that there was much that was bad and unprofitable in the administration at Rome, and that no department of the government was being really efficiently conducted2; for rivalries among the tribunes, it was said, were producing dangerous rifts, and the flattering indulgence shewn to their troops by the military tribunes and legionary commanders was giving rise to many practices opposed to military custom and usage which tended to undermine strict discipline. All this, as he saw, urgently demanded his presence: yet, for all that, he thought it more important to leave all the provinces and districts he visited organised in such a way that they would be immune from internal disagreements, would accept a legal constitution, and lay aside their fears of aggression from without." + }, + { + "id": 5823, + "la": "Haec in Syria, Cilicia, Asia celeriter se confecturum sperabat, quod hae provinciae nullo bello premebantur; in Bithynia ac Ponto plus oneris videbat sibi impendere", + "en": "This he was confident he would speedily achieve in Syria, Cilicia and Asia, as these provinces had no war afflicting them: in Bithynia and Pontus he had, as he saw, a heavier task impending." + }, + { + "id": 5824, + "la": "Non excessisse enim Ponto Pharnacen audiebat neque excessurum putabat, cum secundo proelio vehementer esset inflatus quod contra Domitium Calvinum fecerat", + "en": "For he heard that Pharnaces had not evacuated Pontus, and he did not expect him to do so, exceedingly puffed up as he was by the successful battle he had fought against Domitius Calvinus." + }, + { + "id": 5825, + "la": "Commoratus fere in omnibus civitatibus quae maiore sunt dignitate, praemia bene meritis et viritim et publice tribuit, de controversiis veteribus cognoscit ac statuit;", + "en": "He spent some time in practically all the more important states of Syria, bestowing rewards both upon individuals and communities where they deserved them, and holding official inquiries and giving his ruling in questions of long-standing dispute;" + }, + { + "id": 5826, + "la": "reges, tyrannos, dynastas provinciae finitimos, qui omnes ad eum concurrerant, receptos in fidem condicionibus impositis provinciae tuendae ac defendendae dimittit et sibi et populo Romano amicissimos", + "en": "while as for the kings, sovereigns and rulers who, as neighbours of the province, had one and all flocked to him, he formally took them under his protection and then, on condition that they undertook to watch over and guard the province, he dismissed them as very loyal friends both to himself and the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 5827, + "la": "Paucis diebus in ea provincia consumptis Sextum Caesarem, amicum et necessarium suum, legionibus Syriaeque praeficit; ipse eadem classe qua venerat proficiscitur in Ciliciam", + "en": "After spending a few days in that province he posted Sextus Caesar, his friend and kinsman, to command the legions and govern Syria: he himself set out1 for Cilicia in the same fleet in which he had arrived." + }, + { + "id": 5828, + "la": "Cuius provinciae civitates omnis evocat Tarsum, quod oppidum fere totius Ciliciae nobilissimum fortissimumque est", + "en": "He then summoned all the states of this latter province to forgather at Tarsus'perhaps the most famous and strongest township in the whole of Cilicia." + }, + { + "id": 5829, + "la": "Ibi rebus omnibus provinciae et finitimarum civitatium constitutis cupiditate proficiscendi ad bellum gerendum non diutius moratur, magnisque itineribus per Cappadociam confectis biduum Mazacae commoratus Comana venit, vetustissimum et sanctissimum in Cappadocia Bellonae templum, quod tanta religione colitur ut sacerdos eius deae maiestate, imperio, potentia secundus a rege consensu gentis illius habeatur", + "en": "There he settled all the affairs of the province and its neighbouring states; but when he had done so, his eagerness to set out and prosecute the war admitted no further delay; and so, after traversing Cappadocia by forced marches and staying two days at Mazaca, he reached Comana, where is the shrine of Bellona'the most ancient and holiest in Cappadocia.2 This shrine is worshipped with such reverence that the priest of that goddess is held by common consent of the nation to rank next to the king in majesty, dominion and influence." + }, + { + "id": 5830, + "la": "Id homini nobilissimo Lycomedi Bithyno adiudicavit, qui regio Cappadocum genere ortus iure minime dubio, vetustate tamen propter adversam fortunam maiorum suorum mutationemque generis intermisso sacerdotium id repetebat", + "en": "This priesthood he awarded to Lycomedes, a Bithynian of very noble descent, who sought it by right of inheritance; for he was sprung from the royal Cappadocian house, his claim in this respect being, in point of legal right, by no means in doubt, though, in long passing of time, because of the chequered fortunes of his ancestors and changes in the royal line of descent, continuity had been broken." + }, + { + "id": 5831, + "la": "Fratri autem Ariobarzanis Ariarathi, cum bene meritus uterque eorum de re publica esset, ne aut regni hereditas Ariarathen sollicitaret aut heres regni terreret Ariobarzanen, partem Armeniae minoris concessit, eumque Ariobarzani attribuit qui sub eius imperio ac dicione esset", + "en": "As for Ariobarzanes and his brother Ariarathes, both of them had deserved well of the Republic; and so, to prevent Ariarathes from being tempted to claim his inheritance to the kingdom, or, as heir to it, from intimidating Ariobarzanes, Caesar granted him part of Lesser Armenia and allowed Ariobarzanes to treat him as his vassal." + }, + { + "id": 5832, + "la": "Ipse iter inceptum simili velocitate conficere coepit", + "en": "Whereupon Caesar himself proceeded to complete the remainder of his journey with similar despatch." + }, + { + "id": 5833, + "la": "Cum propius Pontum finisque Gallograeciae accessisset, Deiotarus, tetrarches Gallograeciae tum quidem paene totius, quod ei neque legibus neque moribus concessum esse ceteri tetrarchae contendebant, sine dubio autem rex Armeniae minoris ab senatu appellatus, depositis regiis insignibus neque tantum privato vestitu sed etiam reorum habitu supplex ad Caesarem venit oratum ut sibi ignosceret, quod in ea parte positus terrarum quae nulla praesidia Caesaris habuisset exercitibus imperiisque coactus in Cn Pompei castris fuisset: neque enim se debuisse iudicem esse controversiarum populi Romani, sed parere praesentibus imperiis", + "en": "When Caesar approached closer to Pontus and the boundaries of Gallograecia,1 he was met by Deiotarus. Although the latters position at that time as tetrarch of practically the whole of Gallograecia was disputed by all his fellow tetrarchs as inadmissible both by law and by tradition, he was, however, indisputably hailed as king of Lesser Armenia by the Senate2; and now he laid aside his royal insignia and, dressed not merely as a private person but actually in the garb of defendants in the courts, he came to Caesar as a suppliant to beg his pardon for having been on the side of Cn. Pompeius. He explained that, situated as he was in a part of the world which had had no garrisons of Caesars to protect it, he had been compelled to do so by orders backed by armed force; for it had been no business of his to act as judge in the disputes of the Roman people, but only to obey the commands of the moment." + }, + { + "id": 5834, + "la": "Contra quem Caesar, cum plurima sua commemorasset officia quae consul ei decretis publicis tribuisset, cumque defensionem eius nullam posse excusationem eius imprudentiae recipere coarguisset, quod homo tantae prudentiae ac diligentiae scire potuisset quis urbem Italiamque teneret, ubi senatus populusque Romanus, ubi res publica esset, quis denique post L Lentulum, C Marcellum consul esset, tamen se concedere id factum superioribus suis beneficiis, veteri hospitio atque amicitiae, dignitati aetatique hominis, precibus eorum qui frequentes concurrissent hospites atque amici Deiotari ad deprecandum, de controversiis tetrarcharum postea se cogniturum esse dixit, regium vestitum ei restituit", + "en": "In his reply Caesar reminded him of all the many loyal services he himself as consul had rendered to him by official decrees,1 and went on to point out that his apology could not be accepted as any excuse for his unwisdom; a man, in fact, as wise and careful as he was could have known who was master of Rome and Italy, what was the attitude of the Senate and the Roman people and the position taken up by the government, who in short was consul after L. Lentulus and C. Marcellus.2 Nevertheless, he continued, I make allowance for that action of yours in view of your past generosity towards myself,3 our long-standing ties of hospitality and friendship, your rank and age, and the entreaties of all those guests and friends of yours who have flocked in crowds to entreat for your pardon. As for the matters in dispute between the tetrarchs, I shall examine into them later." + }, + { + "id": 5835, + "la": "Legionem autem eam quam ex genere civium suorum Deiotarus armatura disciplinaque nostra constitutam habebat equitatumque omnem ad bellum gerendum adducere iussit", + "en": "He then bade Deiotarus resume his royal garb, but ordered him to bring that legion of his, which was raised from the ranks of his own countrymen but in equipment and training organised on our pattern, together with all his cavalry, for the prosecution of the war." + }, + { + "id": 5836, + "la": "Cum in Pontum venisset copiasque omnis in unum locum coegisset, quae numero atque exercitatione bellorum mediocres erant'excepta enim legione sexta, quam secum abduxerat Alexandrea veteranam multis laboribus periculisque functam multisque militibus partim difficultate itinerum ac navigationum partim crebritate bellorum adeo deminutam, ut minus mille hominibus in ea esset, reliquae erant tres legiones, una Deiotari, duae quae in eo proelio quod Cn Domitium fecisse cum Pharnace scripsimus fuerant',", + "en": "On his arrival in Pontus Caesar mustered his whole force at a single rendezvous. It was but a modest force both numerically and in practical experience in the field; for apart from the Sixth legion, which he had brought with him from Alexandria'and this, being a veteran one with a long record of hazardous and strenuous achievements, had lost so many men, due partly to the difficulties of transit both by land and sea, partly to the frequency of its campaigns, and was now so much below strength as to comprise less than one thousand troops'apart from the Sixth, the remainder of the force consisted of three legions'one belonging to Deiotarus, and the two which had taken part in that engagement which Cn. Domitius fought with Pharnaces, as I have related." + }, + { + "id": 5837, + "la": "legati a Pharnace missi Caesarem adeunt atque imprimis deprecantur ne eius adventus hostilis esset: facturum enim omnia Pharnacen quae imperata essent", + "en": "Whereupon envoys sent by Pharnaces approached Caesar and first and foremost entreated him not to approach their country in any hostile spirit, since Pharnaces would carry out all his instructions." + }, + { + "id": 5838, + "la": "Maximeque commemorabant nulla Pharnacen auxilia contra Caesarem Pompeio dare voluisse, cum Deiotarus, qui dedisset, tamen ei satisfecisset", + "en": "In particular they reminded Caesar that Pharnaces had refused to provide Pompeius with any auxiliary troops for use against Caesar; whereas Deiotarus, who had provided them, had none the less given him satisfaction." + }, + { + "id": 5839, + "la": "Caesar respondit se fore aequissimum Pharnaci, si quae polliceretur repraesentaturus esset", + "en": "Caesar replied that he would be scrupulously fair to Pharnaces if the latter intended to carry out his promises." + }, + { + "id": 5840, + "la": "Monuit autem, ut solebat, mitibus verbis legatos, ne aut Deiotarum sibi obicerent aut nimis eo gloriarentur beneficio, quod auxilia Pompeio non misissent", + "en": "He warned the envoys, however, in his usual tactful language, not to tax him with the case of Deiotarus or pride themselves unduly on their good services in having refused to send Pompeius auxiliary troops." + }, + { + "id": 5841, + "la": "Nam se neque libentius facere quicquam quam supplicibus ignoscere neque provinciarum publicas iniurias condonare eis posse qui fuissent in se officiosi", + "en": "For whereas nothing gave him greater pleasure than granting pardon when it was humbly entreated, yet it was impossible for him to condone public outrages against the provinces in the case of those who had been loyal towards himself." + }, + { + "id": 5842, + "la": "Quin id ipsum quod commemorarent officium fuisse utilius Pharnaci, qui providisset ne vinceretur, quam sibi cui di immortales victoriam tribuissent", + "en": "In point of fact, he went on, that very act of loyalty which you call to mind proved more expedient to Pharnaces, who thereby had the foresight to avoid defeat, than to myself, for whose victory the immortal gods were responsible." + }, + { + "id": 5843, + "la": "Itaque se magnas et gravis iniurias civium Romanorum qui in Ponto negotiati essent, quoniam in integrum restituere non posset, concedere Pharnaci", + "en": "As for the great and serious outrages perpetrated against Roman citizens engaged in trade in Pontus, since it is not in my power to set them to rights, I accordingly forgive Pharnaces." + }, + { + "id": 5844, + "la": "Nam neque interfectis amissam vitam neque exsectis virilitatem restituere posse; quod quidem supplicium gravius morte cives Romani subissent", + "en": "I cannot, in fact, restore to murdered men the life they have lost, nor to the mutilated their manhood; and such indeed is the punishment'worse than death'that Roman citizens have undergone. Ph" + }, + { + "id": 5845, + "la": "Ponto vero decederet confestim familiasque publicanorum remitteret ceteraque restitueret sociis civibusque Romanis quae penes eum essent", + "en": "arnaces, however, must withdraw forthwith from Pontus, release the household slaves of the tax-gatherers, and make all other such restitution as lies in his power to the allies and Roman citizens." + }, + { + "id": 5846, + "la": "Si fecisset, iam tunc sibi mitteret munera ac dona quae bene rebus gestis jmperatores ab amicis accipere consuessent", + "en": "If he does this, then'and not before'shall he send me the tributes and gifts which triumphant commanders are in the habit of receiving from their friends." + }, + { + "id": 5847, + "la": "Miserat enim Pharnaces coronam auream", + "en": "(Pharnaces had, in fact, sent him a golden crown.)" + }, + { + "id": 5848, + "la": "His responsis datis legatos remisit", + "en": "Such was the reply with which the envoys were sent back." + }, + { + "id": 5849, + "la": "At Pharnaces liberaliter omnia pollicitus, cum festinantem ac praecurrentem Caesarem speraret libentius etiam crediturum suis promissis quam res pateretur, quo celerius honestiusque ad res magis necessarias proficisceretur'nemini enim erat ignotum plurimis de causis ad urbem Caesarem revocari', lentius agere, decedendi diem postulare longiorem, pactiones interponere, in summa frustrari coepit", + "en": "All this Pharnaces graciously promised to do. However, as he hoped that Caesars impetuous haste would lead him to trust his own assurances still more readily than the circumstances justified, so that he might tackle more urgent matters with the greater expedition and propriety'for everyone was aware that there were many reasons demanding Caesars return to Rome'in this hope, then, he began to take a more leisurely line, to demand a later date for his withdrawal, to propose agreements by way of causing delay'in fine, he proceeded to cheat." + }, + { + "id": 5850, + "la": "Caesar cognita calliditate hominis, quod aliis temporibus natura facere consueverat tunc necessitate fecit adductus, ut celerius omnium opinione manum consereret", + "en": "Realising the fellows cunning, Caesar was now of necessity constrained to adopt the very tactics which on other occasions it had been his natural habit to employ'namely to come to grips more promptly than anyone expected." + }, + { + "id": 5851, + "la": "Zela est oppidum in Ponto positum, ipsum ut in plano loco satis munitum: tumulus enim naturalis, velut manu factus, excelsiore undique fastigio sustinet murum", + "en": "Zela is a town situated in Pontus, with adequate natural defences, considering its position in a plain: for its battlements are reared upon a hillock'a natural one for all its artificial appearance'whose summit is loftier than all the terrain surrounding it." + }, + { + "id": 5852, + "la": "Circumpositi sunt huic oppido magni multique intercisi vallibus colles; quorum editissimus unus, qui propter victoriam Mithridatis et infelicitatem Triari detrimentumque exercitus nostri magnam in illis partibus habet nobilitatem, superioribus locis atque itineribus paene coniunctus est oppido nec multo longius milibus passuum III abest ab Zela", + "en": "Encircling this town are many considerable hills, intersected by valleys; and one of these'a very lofty one'which enjoys no little fame in those parts thanks to the victory of Mithridates, and the misfortune of Triarius and defeat of our army,1 is all but linked to the town by tracks along the higher ground, and is little more than three miles distant from Zela.2" + }, + { + "id": 5853, + "la": "Hunc locum Pharnaces veteribus paternorum felicium castrorum refectis operibus copiis suis omnibus occupavit", + "en": "Here Pharnaces repaired the ancient works of his fathers once prosperous camp, and occupied the position with his entire forces." + }, + { + "id": 5854, + "la": "Caesar cum ab hoste milia passuum V castra posuisset videretque eas vallis quibus regia castra munirentur eodem intervallo sua castra munituras, si modo ea loca hostes priores non cepissent, quae multo erant propiora regis castris, aggerem comportari iubet intra munitiones", + "en": "Caesar pitched his camp five miles distant from the enemy; and as he now saw that that valley by which the kings camp was protected would, if its width separated them, equally afford protection to a camp of his own, provided only that the enemy did not anticipate him in capturing the ground in question, which was much nearer the kings camp, he ordered materials for a rampart to be carted within the entrenchments." + }, + { + "id": 5855, + "la": "Quo celeriter collato proxima nocte vigilia quarta legionibus omnibus expeditis impedimentisque in castris relictis prima luce neque opinantibus hostibus eum ipsum locum cepit, in quo Mithridates secundum proelium adversus Triarium fecerat", + "en": "This was speedily collected. The following night he left camp at the fourth watch3 with all his legions in light order and the heavy baggage left behind in camp, and surprised the enemy at dawn by capturing that very position where Mithridates once fought his successful action against Triarius." + }, + { + "id": 5856, + "la": "Huc omnem comportatum aggerem ex castris per servitia aggeri iussit, ne quis ab opere miles discederet, cum spatio non amplius passuum mille intercisa vallis castra hostium divideret ab opere incepto Caesaris castrorum", + "en": "To this spot4 he ordered the slaves to bring from the camp all the accumulated material for the rampart, so that none of his troops should quit their work of fortification, since the intervening valley which separated the enemys camp from the emplacements which Caesar had begun was not more than a mile wide." + }, + { + "id": 5857, + "la": "Pharnaces, cum id repente prima luce animadvertisset, copias suas omnis pro castris instruxit", + "en": "On suddenly observing this situation at dawn, Pharnaces drew up all his forces in front of his camp." + }, + { + "id": 5858, + "la": "Quas interposita tanta locorum iniquitate consuetudine magis pervulgata militari credebat instrui Caesar vel ad opus suum tardandum, quo plures in armis tenerentur, vel ad ostentationem regiae fiduciae, ne munitione magis quam manu defendere locum Pharnaces videretur", + "en": "In view of the highly uneven character of the intervening ground Caesar supposed that it was the kings normal military practice more than anything that occasioned this deployment; or else his object was to delay Caesars own work of fortification, through the necessity of keeping more men standing to arms; or again it might be intended as a display of confidence on the kings part, to shew that it was not on fortification so much as on armed force that Pharnaces relied to defend his position." + }, + { + "id": 5859, + "la": "Itaque deterritus non est quo minus prima acie pro vallo instructa reliqua pars exercitus opus faceret", + "en": "Accordingly, Caesar was not deterred from keeping the remainder of his army engaged on the work of fortification, deploying only the front line in front of the palisade." + }, + { + "id": 5860, + "la": "At Pharnaces impulsus sive loci felicitate sive auspiciis et religionibus inductus, quibus obtemperasse eum postea audiebamus, sive paucitate nostrorum qui in armis erant comperta, cum more operis cotidiani magnam illam servorum multitudinem quae aggerem portabat militum esse credidisset, sive etiam fiducia veterani exercitus sui,quem bis et vicies in acie conflixisse et vicisse legati eius gloriabantur, simul contemptu exercitus nostri, quem pulsum a se Domitio duce sciebat, inito consilio dimicandi descendere praerupta valle coepit", + "en": "Pharnaces, however, took it into his head to engage. Whether it was the lucky associations of the spot that drove him to take this course, or whether it was his scrupulous observance of omens, to which, as we afterwards heard, he gave careful heed, that so prompted him; or maybe it was the small number of our troops which, according to his information, were standing to arms (for he had supposed that that vast gang of slaves which transported the material for the rampart, as though it was their daily employment, was in fact composed of troops); or maybe even it was his confidence in that veteran army of his, which, as his envoys boasted, had fought and conquered upon two and twenty battle-fields, coupled with a contempt for our army, which he knew had been routed by himself when Domitius led it: anyway, having decided to engage, he began the descent down the steep ravine." + }, + { + "id": 5861, + "la": "Cuius aliquamdiu Caesar irridebat inanem ostentationem et eo loco militum coartationem, quem in locum nemo sanus hostis subiturus esset: cum interim Pharnaces eodem gradu quo in praeruptam descenderat vallem ascendere adversus arduum collem instructis copiis coepit", + "en": "For some little time Caesar laughed contemptuously at this empty bravado on the part of the king, and at his troops packed closely on ground which no enemy in his senses would be likely to set foot on; while in the meantime Pharnaces with his forces in battle array proceeded to climb the steep hill-side confronting him at the same steady pace at which he had descended the sheer ravine." + }, + { + "id": 5862, + "la": "Caesar incredibili eius vel temeritate vel fiducia commotus neque opinans imparatusque oppressus eodem tempore milites ab opere revocat, arma capere iubet, legiones opponit aciemque instruit; cuius rei subita trepidatio magnum terrorem attulit nostris", + "en": "This incredible foolhardiness or confidence on the part of the king disconcerted Caesar, who was not expecting it and was caught unprepared. Simultaneously he recalled the troops from their work of fortification, ordered them to stand to arms, deployed his legions to meet the attack, and formed line of battle; and the sudden excitement to which all this gave rise occasioned considerable panic among our troops." + }, + { + "id": 5863, + "la": "Nondum ordinibus instructis falcatae regiae quadrigae permixtos milites perturbant; quae tamen celeriter multitudine telorum opprimuntur", + "en": "Disorganised as our men were, and as yet in no regular formation, the kings chariots armed with scythes threw them into confusion; but these chariots were speedily overwhelmed by a mass of missiles." + }, + { + "id": 5864, + "la": "Insequitur has acies hostium, et clamore sublato confligitur multum adiuvante natura loci, plurimum deorum immortalium benignitate; qui cum omnibus casibus bellicis intersunt, tum praecipue eis quibus nihil ratione potuit administrari", + "en": "In their wake came the enemy line: the battle cry was raised and the conflict joined, our men being greatly helped by the nature of the ground but above all by the blessing of the immortal gods. For just as the gods play a part in all the chance vicissitudes of war, so above all do they do so in those where human strategy has proved quite powerless to avail." + }, + { + "id": 5865, + "la": "Magno atque acri proelio comminus facto, dextro cornu, quo veterana legio sexta erat collocata, initium victoriae natum est", + "en": "Heavy and bitter hand-to-hand fighting took place; and it was on the right wing, where the veteran Sixth legion was posted that the first seeds of victory were sown." + }, + { + "id": 5866, + "la": "Ab ea parte cum in proclive detruderentur hostes, multo tardius, sed tamen isdem dis adiuvantibus sinistro cornu mediaque acie totae profligantur copiae regis", + "en": "As the enemy were being thrust back down the slope on this wing, so too on the left wing and in the centre'much more slowly, but thanks nevertheless to the same divine assistance'the entire forces of the king were being crushed." + }, + { + "id": 5867, + "la": "Quae quam facile subierant iniquum locum, tam celeriter gradu pulsae premebantur loci iniquitate", + "en": "The ease with which they had climbed the uneven ground was now matched by the speed with which, once dislodged from their footing, the unevenness of the ground enabled them to be driven back." + }, + { + "id": 5868, + "la": "Itaque multis militibus partim interfectis partim suorum ruina oppressis, qui velocitate effugere poterant, armis tamen proiectis vallem transgressi nihil ex loco superiore inermi proficere poterant", + "en": "Consequently, after sustaining many casualties'some killed, some knocked out by their comrades falling on top of them'those whose nimbleness did enable them to escape none the less threw away their arms; and so, after crossing the valley, they could not make any effective stand from the higher ground, unarmed as they now were." + }, + { + "id": 5869, + "la": "At nostri victoria elati subire iniquum locum munitionesque aggredi non dubitarunt", + "en": "Our men, on the contrary, elated by their victory, did not hesitate to climb the uneven ground and storm the entrenchments." + }, + { + "id": 5870, + "la": "Defendentibus autem eis cohortibus castra quas Pharnaces praesidio reliquerat, celeriter castris hostium sunt potiti", + "en": "Moreover, despite the resistance of those enemy cohorts which Pharnaces had left to guard his camp, they promptly won possession of it." + }, + { + "id": 5871, + "la": "Interfecta multitudine omni suorum aut capta Pharnaces cum paucis equitibus profugit; cui nisi castrorum oppugnatio facultatem attulisset liberius profugiendi, vivus in Caesaris potestatem adductus esset", + "en": "With his entire forces either killed or captured Pharnaces took to flight with a few horsemen; and had not our storming of his camp afforded him a freer opportunity for flight, he would have been brought alive into Caesars hands." + }, + { + "id": 5872, + "la": "Tali victoria totiens victor Caesar incredibili est laetitia adfectus, quod maximum bellum tanta celeritate confecerat, quodque subiti periculi recordatione laetior victoria facilis ex difficillimis rebus acciderat", + "en": "Such a victory transported Caesar'for all the many past victories to his credit'with incredible delight, inasmuch as he had brought a very serious war to so speedy a conclusion, and because an easy victory, which delighted him the more when he recalled the sudden risk it had involved, had transpired out of a very difficult situation." + }, + { + "id": 5873, + "la": "Ponto recepto praeda omni regia militibus condonata postero die cum expeditis equitibus ipse proficiscitur, legionem sextam decedere ad praemia atque honores accipiendos in Italiam iubet, auxilia Deiotari domum remittit, duas legiones cum Caelio Viniciano in Ponto relinquit", + "en": "Having thus recovered Pontus and made a present to his troops of all the royal plunder, he himself set out on the following day with his cavalry in light order; instructing the Sixth legion to leave for Italy to receive its rewards and honours, sending home the auxiliary troops of Deiotarus, and leaving two legions in Pontus with Caelius Vinicianus." + }, + { + "id": 5874, + "la": "Ita per Gallograeciam Bithyniamque in Asiam iter facit omniumque earum provinciarum de controversiis cognoscit et statuit; iura in tetrarchas, reges, civitates distribuit", + "en": "Thus he marched through Gallograecia and Bithynia into Asia, holding investigations and giving his formal ruling on matters of dispute in all those provinces, and assigning due prerogatives to tetrarchs, kings and states." + }, + { + "id": 5875, + "la": "Mithridaten Pergamenum, a quo rem feliciter celeriterque gestam in Aegypto supra scripsimus, regio genere ortum, disciplinis etiam regiis educatum'nam eum Mithridates, rex Asiae totius, propter nobilitatem Pergamo parvulum secum asportaverat in castra multosque retinuerat annos'regem Bosphori constituit, qui sub imperio Pharnacis fuerat, provinciasque populi Romani a barbaris atque inimicis regibus interposito amicissimo rege munivit", + "en": "Now Mithridates of Pergamum, whose speedy and successful action in Egypt I have described above, was not merely of royal birth but also of royal training and upbringing; for Mithridates, king of all Asia, had carried him off to camp with him from Pergamum on the score of his noble birth when he was quite young, and had kept him there for many years; for which reasons Caesar now appointed him king of Bosphorus, which had formerly been under control of Pharnaces, and by thus creating a buffer state ruled by a most friendly king, he secured the provinces of the Roman people from barbarian and unfriendly kings." + }, + { + "id": 5876, + "la": "Eidem tetrarchian Gallograecorum iure gentis et cognationis adiudicavit occupatam et possessam paucis ante annis a Deiotaro", + "en": "To the same Mithridates he awarded, by right of racial affinity and kinship, the tetrarchy of Gallograecia which had been seized and occupied a few years earlier by Deiotarus.1" + }, + { + "id": 5877, + "la": "Neque tamen usquam diutius moratus est quam necessitas urbanarum seditionum pati videbatur", + "en": "Nowhere, however, did he delay any longer than the urgency of unsettled conditions at Rome appeared to warrant;" + }, + { + "id": 5878, + "la": "Rebus felicissime celerrimeque confectis in Italiam celerius omnium opinione venit", + "en": "and when he had accomplished his tasks with the greatest success and expedition, he arrived in Italy more quickly than anyone expected." + }, + { + "id": 5879, + "la": "Galliaestomnisdivisainpartestres,quarumunamincoluntBelgae,aliamAquitani,tertiamquiipsorumlinguaCeltae,nostraGalliappellantur", + "en": "All Gaul is divided into three parts, one of which the Belgae inhabit, the Aquitani another, those who in their own language are called Celts, in our Gauls, the third." + }, + { + "id": 5880, + "la": "Hiomneslingua,institutis,legibusintersedifferunt.GallosabAquitanisGarumnaflumen,aBelgisMatronaetSequanadividit", + "en": "All these differ from each other in language, customs and laws. The river Garonne separates the Gauls from the Aquitani; theMarneand theSeineseparate them from the Belgae." + }, + { + "id": 5881, + "la": "HorumomniumfortissimisuntBelgae,proptereaquodacultuatquehumanitateprovinciaelongissimeabsunt,minimequeadeosmercatoressaepecommeantatqueeaquaeadeffeminandosanimospertinentimportant,", + "en": "Of all these, the Belgae are the bravest, because they are furthest from the civilization and refinement of [our] Province, and merchants least frequently resort to them, and import those things which tend to effeminate the mind;" + }, + { + "id": 5882, + "la": "proximiquesuntGermanis,quitransRhenumincolunt,quibuscumcontinenterbellumgerunt.QuadecausaHelvetiiquoquereliquosGallosvirtutepraecedunt,quodferecotidianisproeliiscumGermaniscontendunt,cumautsuisfinibuseosprohibentautipsiineorumfinibusbellumgerunt", + "en": "and they are the nearest to the Germans, who dwell beyond the Rhine , with whom they are continually waging war; for which reason the Helvetii also surpass the rest of the Gauls in valor, as they contend with the Germans in almost daily battles, when they either repel them from their own territories, or themselves wage war on their frontiers" + }, + { + "id": 5883, + "la": "Eorumuna,pars,quamGallosobtineredictumest,initiumcapitaflumineRhodano,contineturGarumnaflumine,Oceano,finibusBelgarum,attingitetiamabSequanisetHelvetiisflumenRhenum,vergitadseptentriones", + "en": "One part of these, which it has been said that the Gauls occupy, takes its beginning at the riverRhone; it is bounded by the river Garonne, the ocean, and the territories of the Belgae; it borders, too, on the side of the Sequani and the Helvetii, upon the riverRhine, and stretches toward the north" + }, + { + "id": 5884, + "la": "BelgaeabextremisGalliaefinibusoriuntur,pertinentadinferiorempartemfluminisRheni,spectantinseptentrionemetorientemsolem", + "en": "Belgae rises from the extreme frontier of Gaul, extend to the lower part of the riverRhine; and look toward the north and the rising sun." + }, + { + "id": 5885, + "la": "AquitaniaaGarumnaflumineadPyrenaeosmonteseteampartemOceaniquaeestadHispaniampertinet;spectatinteroccasumsolisetseptentriones", + "en": "Aquitaniaextends from the river Garonne to thePyrenaean mountainsand to that part of the ocean which is near Spain: it looks between the setting of the sun, and the north star." + }, + { + "id": 5886, + "la": "ApudHelvetioslongenobilissimusfuitetditissimusOrgetorix.IsM.Messala, [etP.]M.Pisoneconsulibusregnicupiditateinductusconiurationemnobilitatisfecitetcivitatipersuasitutdefinibussuiscumomnibuscopiisexirent:", + "en": "Among the Helvetii, Orgetorix was by far the most distinguished and wealthy. He, when Marcus Messala and Marcus Piso were consuls [61 B.C.], incited by lust of sovereignty, formed a conspiracy among the nobility, and persuaded the people to go forth from their territories with all their possessions," + }, + { + "id": 5887, + "la": "perfacileesse,cumvirtuteomnibuspraestarent,totiusGalliaeimperiopotiri", + "en": "[saying] that it would be very easy, since they excelled all in valor, to acquire the supremacy of the whole of Gaul." + }, + { + "id": 5888, + "la": "Idhocfaciliusiispersuasit,quodundiquelocinaturaHelvetiicontinentur:unaexparteflumineRhenolatissimoatquealtissimo,quiagrumHelvetiumaGermanisdividit;alteraexpartemonteIuraaltissimo,quiestinterSequanosetHelvetios;tertialacuLemannoetflumineRhodano,quiprovinciamnostramabHelvetiisdividit", + "en": "To this he the more easily persuaded them, because the Helvetii, are confined on every side by the nature of their situation; on one side by theRhine, a very broad and deep river, which separates the Helvetian territory from the Germans; on a second side by theJura, a very high mountain, which is [situated] between the Sequani and the Helvetii; on a third by the Lake of Geneva, and by the river Rhone, which separates our Province from the Helvetii." + }, + { + "id": 5889, + "la": "Hisrebusfiebatutetminuslatevagarenturetminusfacilefinitimisbelluminferrepossent;", + "en": "From these circumstances it resulted, that they could range less widely, and could less easily make war upon their neighbors;" + }, + { + "id": 5890, + "la": "quaexpartehominesbellandicupidimagnodoloreadficiebantur", + "en": "for which reason men fond of war [as they were] were affected with great regret." + }, + { + "id": 5891, + "la": "Promultitudineautemhominumetprogloriabelliatquefortitudinisangustossefineshaberearbitrabantur,quiinlongitudinemmiliapassuumCCXL,inlatitudinemCLXXXpatebant", + "en": "They thought, that considering the extent of their population, and their renown for warfare and bravery, they had but narrow limits, although they extended in length 240, and in breadth 180 [Roman] miles." + }, + { + "id": 5892, + "la": "HisrebusadductietauctoritateOrgetorigispermoticonstituerunteaquaeadproficiscendumpertinerentcomparare,iumentorumetcarrorumquammaximumnumerumcoemere,sementesquammaximasfacere,utinitinerecopiafrumentisuppeteret,cumproximiscivitatibuspacemetamicitiamconfirmare", + "en": "Induced by these considerations, and influenced by the authority of Orgetorix, they determined to provide such things as were necessary for their expedition-to buy up as great a number as possible of beasts of burden and wagons-to make their sowings as large as possible, so that on their march plenty of corn might be in store-and to establish peace and friendship with the neighboring states." + }, + { + "id": 5893, + "la": "Adeasresconficiendasbienniumsibisatisesseduxerunt;intertiumannumprofectionemlegeconfirmant", + "en": "They reckoned that a term of two years would be sufficient for them to execute their designs; they fix by decree their departure for the third year." + }, + { + "id": 5894, + "la": "AdeasresconficiendasOrgetorixdeligitur.Issibilegationemadcivitatessuscipit.IneoitinerepersuadetCastico,Catamantaloedisfilio,Sequano,cuiuspaterregnuminSequanismultosannosobtinueratetasenatupopuliRomaniamicusappellatuserat,utregnumincivitatesuaoccuparet,quodpaterantehabuerit;", + "en": "Orgetorix is chosen to complete these arrangements. He took upon himself the office of embassador to the states: on this journey he persuades Casticus, the son of Catamantaledes (one of the Sequani, whose father had possessed the sovereignty among the people for many years, and had been styled \"friend\" by the senate of the Roman people), to seize upon the sovereignty in his own state, which his father had held before him," + }, + { + "id": 5895, + "la": "itemqueDumnorigiHaeduo,fratriDiviciaci,quieotemporeprincipatumincivitateobtinebatacmaximeplebiacceptuserat,utidemconareturpersuadeteiquefiliamsuaminmatrimoniumdat", + "en": "and he likewise persuades Dumnorix, an Aeduan, the brother of Divitiacus, who at that time possessed the chief authority in the state, and was exceedingly beloved by the people, to attempt the same, and gives him his daughter in marriage." + }, + { + "id": 5896, + "la": "Perfacilefactuesseillisprobatconataperficere,proptereaquodipsesuaecivitatisimperiumobtenturusesset:", + "en": "He proves to them that to accomplish their attempts was a thing very easy to be done, because he himself would obtain the government of his own state;" + }, + { + "id": 5897, + "la": "nonessedubiumquintotiusGalliaeplurimumHelvetiipossent;sesuiscopiissuoqueexercituillisregnaconciliaturumconfirmat", + "en": "that there was no doubt that the Helvetii were the most powerful of the whole of Gaul; he assures them that he will, with his own forces and his own army, acquire the sovereignty for them" + }, + { + "id": 5898, + "la": "HacorationeadductiintersefidemetiusiurandumdantetregnooccupatopertrespotentissimosacfirmissimospopulostotiusGalliaesesepotiripossesperant", + "en": "Incited by this speech, they give a pledge and oath to one another, and hope that, when they have seized the sovereignty, they will, by means of the three most powerful and valiant nations, be enabled to obtain possession of the whole of Gaul." + }, + { + "id": 5899, + "la": "EaresestHelvetiisperindiciumenuntiata.MoribussuisOrgetoricemexvinculiscausamdicerecoegerunt;damnatumpoenamsequioportebat,utignicremaretur", + "en": "When this scheme was disclosed to the Helvetii by informers, they, according to their custom, compelled Orgetorix to plead his cause in chains; it was the law that the penalty of being burned by fire should await him if condemned." + }, + { + "id": 5900, + "la": "DieconstitutacausaedictionisOrgetorixadiudiciumomnemsuamfamiliam,adhominummiliadecem,undiquecoegit,etomnesclientesobaeratosquesuos,quorummagnumnumerumhabebat,eodemconduxit;pereosnecausamdiceretseeripuit", + "en": "On the day appointed for the pleading of his cause, Orgetorix drew together from all quarters to the court, all his vassals to the number of ten thousand persons; and led together to the same place all his dependents and debtor-bondsmen, of whom he had a great number; by means of those he rescued himself from [the necessity of] pleading his cause." + }, + { + "id": 5901, + "la": "Cumcivitasobeamremincitataarmisiussuumexequiconareturmultitudinemquehominumexagrismagistratuscogerent,Orgetorixmortuusest;", + "en": "While the state, incensed at this act, was endeavoring to assert its right by arms, and the magistrates were mustering a large body of men from the country, Orgetorix died;" + }, + { + "id": 5902, + "la": "nequeabestsuspicio,utHelvetiiarbitrantur,quinipsesibimortemconsciverit", + "en": "and there is not wanting a suspicion, as the Helvetii think, of his having committed suicide." + }, + { + "id": 5903, + "la": "PosteiusmortemnihilominusHelvetiiidquodconstituerantfacereconantur,utefinibussuisexeant", + "en": "After his death, the Helvetii nevertheless attempt to do that which they had resolved on, namely, to go forth from their territories." + }, + { + "id": 5904, + "la": "Ubiiamseadeamremparatosessearbitratisunt,oppidasuaomnia,numeroadduodecim,vicosadquadringentos,reliquaprivataaedificiaincendunt;", + "en": "When they thought that they were at length prepared for this undertaking, they set fire to all their towns, in number about twelve-to their villages about four hundred-and to the private dwellings that remained;" + }, + { + "id": 5905, + "la": "frumentumomne,praeterquodsecumportaturierant,comburunt,utdomumreditionisspesublataparatioresadomniapericulasubeundaessent;triummensummolitacibariasibiquemquedomoefferreiubent.PersuadentRauracisetTulingisetLatobrigisfinitimis,utieodemusiconsiliooppidissuisvicisqueexustisunacumiisproficiscantur,Boiosque,quitransRhenumincoluerantetinagrumNoricumtransierantNoreiamqueoppugnabant,receptosadsesociossibiadsciscunt", + "en": "they burn up all the corn, except what they intend to carry with them; that after destroying the hope of a return home, they might be the more ready for undergoing all dangers. They order every one to carry forth from home for himself provisions for three months, ready ground. They persuade the Rauraci, and the Tulingi, and the Latobrigi, their neighbors, to adopt the same plan, and after burning down their towns and villages, to set out with them: and they admit to their party and unite to themselves as confederates the Boii, who had dwelt on the other side of theRhine, and had crossed over into the Norican territory, and assaulted Noreia." + }, + { + "id": 5906, + "la": "Erantomninoitineraduo,quibusitineribusdomoexirepossent:unumperSequanos,angustumetdifficile,intermontemIurametflumenRhodanum,vixquasingulicarriducerentur,monsautemaltissimusimpendebat,utfacileperpauciprohiberepossent;", + "en": "There were in all two routes, by which they could go forth from their country one through the Sequani narrow and difficult, between Mount Jura and the river Rhone (by which scarcely one wagon at a time could be led; there was, moreover, a very high mountain overhanging, so that a very few might easily intercept them;" + }, + { + "id": 5907, + "la": "alterumperprovinciamnostram,multofaciliusatqueexpeditius,proptereaquodinterfinesHelvetiorumetAllobrogum,quinuperpacatierant,Rhodanusfluitisquenonnullislocisvadotransitur", + "en": "the other, through our Province, much easier and freer from obstacles, because the Rhone flows between the boundaries of the Helvetii and those of the Allobroges, who had lately been subdued, and is in some places crossed by a ford" + }, + { + "id": 5908, + "la": "ExtremumoppidumAllobrogumestproximumqueHelvetiorumfinibusGenava.ExeooppidoponsadHelvetiospertinet.Allobrogibussesevelpersuasuros,quodnondumbonoanimoinpopulumRomanumviderentur,existimabantvelvicoacturosutpersuosfineseosirepaterentur.Omnibusrebusadprofectionemcomparatisdiemdicunt,quadieadripamRhodaniomnesconveniant.isdieserata.d.V.Kal.Apr.L.Pisone,A.Gabinioconsulibus", + "en": "The furthest town of the Allobroges, and the nearest to the territories of the Helvetii, is Geneva. From this town a bridge extends to the Helvetii. They thought that they should either persuade the Allobroges, because they did not seem as yet well-affected toward the Roman people, or compel them by force to allow them to pass through their territories. Having provided every thing for the expedition, they appoint a day, on which they should all meet on the bank of the Rhone. This day was the fifth before the kalends of April [i.e. the 28th of March], in the consulship of Lucius Piso and Aulus Gabinius" + }, + { + "id": 5909, + "la": "Caesaricumidnuntiatumesset,eosperprovinciamnostramiterfacereconari,maturataburbeproficiscietquammaximispotestitineribusinGalliamulterioremcontenditetadGenavampervenit", + "en": "When it was reported to Caesar that they were attempting to make their route through our Province he hastens to set out from the city, and, by as great marches as he can, proceeds to Further Gaul, and arrives at Geneva." + }, + { + "id": 5910, + "la": "Provinciaetotiquammaximumpotestmilitumnumerumimperat(eratomninoinGalliaulteriorelegiouna),pontem,quieratadGenavam,iubetrescindi", + "en": "He orders the whole Province [to furnish] as great a number of soldiers as possible, as there was in all only one legion in Further Gaul: he orders the bridge atGenevato be broken down." + }, + { + "id": 5911, + "la": "UbideeiusaventuHelvetiicertioresfactisunt,legatosadeummittuntnobilissimoscivitatis,cuiuslegationisNammeiusetVerucloetiusprincipemlocumobtinebant,quidicerentsibiesseinanimosineullomaleficioiterperprovinciamfacere,proptereaquodaliuditerhaberentnullum:rogareuteiusvoluntateidsibifacereliceat.Caesar,quodmemoriatenebatL.CassiumconsulemoccisumexercitumqueeiusabHelvetiispulsumetsubiugummissum,concedendumnonputabat;", + "en": "When the Helvetii are apprized of his arrival they send to him, as embassadors, the most illustrious men of their state (in which embassy Numeius and Verudoctius held the chief place), to say \"that it was their intention to march through the Province without doing any harm, because they had\" [according to their own representations,] \"no other route: that they requested, they might be allowed to do so with his consent.\" Caesar, inasmuch as he kept in remembrance that Lucius Cassius, the consul, had been slain, and his army routed and made to pass under the yoke by the Helvetii, did not think that [their request] ought to be granted" + }, + { + "id": 5912, + "la": "nequehominesinimicoanimo,datafacultateperprovinciamitinerisfaciundi,temperaturosabiniuriaetmaleficioexistimabat", + "en": "nor was he of opinion that men of hostile disposition, if an opportunity of marching through the Province were given them, would abstain from outrage and mischief." + }, + { + "id": 5913, + "la": "Tamen,utspatiumintercederepossetdummilitesquosimperaveratconvenirent,legatisresponditdiemseaddeliberandumsumpturum:siquidvellent,adId.April.reverterentur", + "en": "Yet, in order that a period might intervene, until the soldiers whom he had ordered [to be furnished] should assemble, he replied to the ambassadors, that he would take time to deliberate; if they wanted any thing, they might return on the day before the ides of April" + }, + { + "id": 5914, + "la": "Intereaealegionequamsecumhabebatmilitibusque,quiexprovinciaconvenerant,alacuLemanno,quiinflumenRhodanuminfluit,admontemIuram,quifinesSequanorumabHelvetiisdividit,miliapassuumXVIIIImuruminaltitudinempedumsedecimfossamqueperducit", + "en": "Meanwhile, with the legion which he had with him and the soldiers which had assembled from the Province, he carries along for nineteen [Roman, not quite eighteen English] miles a wall, to the height of sixteen feet, and a trench, from the Lake of Geneva, which flows into the river Rhone, to Mount Jura, which separates the territories of the Sequani from those of the Helvetii." + }, + { + "id": 5915, + "la": "Eoopereperfectopraesidiadisponit,castellacommunit,quofacilius,siseinvitotransireconentur,prohiberepossit", + "en": "When that work was finished, he distributes garrisons, and closely fortifies redoubts, in order that he may the more easily intercept them, if they should attempt to cross over against his will." + }, + { + "id": 5916, + "la": "Ubieadiesquamconstitueratcumlegatisvenitetlegatiadeumreverterunt,negatsemoreetexemplopopuliRomaniposseiterulliperprovinciamdareet,sivimlacereconentur,prohibiturumostendit", + "en": "When the day which he had appointed with the embassadors came, and they returned to him; he says, that he can not, consistently with the custom and precedent of the Roman people, grant any one a passage through the Province; and he gives them to understand, that, if they should attempt to use violence he would oppose them." + }, + { + "id": 5917, + "la": "Helvetiieaspedeiectinavibusiunctisratibusquecompluribusfactis,aliivadisRhodani,quaminimaaltitudofluminiserat,nonnumquaminterdiu,saepiusnoctusiperrumperepossentconati,operismunitioneetmilitumconcursuettelisrepulsi,hocconatudestiterunt", + "en": "The Helvetii, disappointed in this hope, tried if they could force a passage (some by means of a bridge of boats and numerous rafts constructed for the purpose; others, by the fords of the Rhone, where the depth of the river was least, sometimes by day, but more frequently by night), but being kept at bay by the strength of our works, and by the concourse of the soldiers, and by the missiles, they desisted from this attempt." + }, + { + "id": 5918, + "la": "RelinquebaturunaperSequanosvia,quaSequanisinvitispropterangustiasirenonpoterant", + "en": "There was left one way, [namely] through the Sequani, by which, on account of its narrowness, they could not pass without the consent of the Sequani." + }, + { + "id": 5919, + "la": "Hiscumsuaspontepersuaderenonpossent,legatosadDumnorigemHaeduummittunt,uteodeprecatoreaSequanisimpetrarent", + "en": "As they could not of themselves prevail on them, they send embassadors to Dumnorix the Aeduan, that through his intercession, they might obtain their request from the Sequani." + }, + { + "id": 5920, + "la": "DumnorixgratiaetlargitioneapudSequanosplurimumpoteratetHelvetiiseratamicus,quodexeacivitateOrgetorigisfiliaminmatrimoniumduxerat,etcupiditateregniadductusnovisrebusstudebatetquamplurimascivitatessuobeneficiohabereobstrictasvolebat", + "en": "Dumnorix, by his popularity and liberality, had great influence among the Sequani, and was friendly to the Helvetii, because out of that state he had married the daughter of Orgetorix; and, incited by lust of sovereignty, was anxious for a revolution, and wished to have as many states as possible attached to him by his kindness toward them." + }, + { + "id": 5921, + "la": "ItaqueremsuscipitetaSequanisimpetratutperfinessuosHelvetiosirepatiantur,obsidesqueutiintersesedentperficit:Sequani,neitinereHelvetiosprohibeant,Helvetii,utsinemaleficioetiniuriatranseant", + "en": "He, therefore, undertakes the affair, and prevails upon the Sequani to allow the Helvetii to march through their territories, and arranges that they should give hostages to each other-the Sequani not to obstruct the Helvetii in their march-the Helvetii, to pass without mischief and outrage." + }, + { + "id": 5922, + "la": "CaesarirenuntiaturHelvetiisesseinanimoperagrumSequanorumetHaeduorumiterinSantonumfinesfacere,quinonlongeaTolosatiumfinibusabsunt,quaecivitasestinprovincia", + "en": "It is again told Caesar, that the Helvetii intended to march through the country of the Sequani and the Aedui into the territories of the Santones, which are not far distant from those boundaries of the Tolosates, which [viz.Tolosa,Toulouse] is a state in the Province." + }, + { + "id": 5923, + "la": "Idsifieret,intellegebatmagnocumpericuloprovinciaefuturumuthominesbellicosos,populiRomaniinimicos,locispatentibusmaximequefrumentariisfinitimoshaberet", + "en": "If this took place, he saw that it would be attended with great danger to the Province to have warlike men, enemies of the Roman people, bordering upon an open and very fertile tract of country." + }, + { + "id": 5924, + "la": "ObeascausaseimunitioniquamfeceratT.Labienumlegatumpraeficit;ipseinItaliammagnisitineribuscontenditduasqueibilegionesconscribitettres,quaecircumAquileiamhiemabant,exhiberniseducitet,quaproximumiterinulterioremGalliamperAlpeserat,cumhisquinquelegionibusirecontendit", + "en": "For these reasons he appointed Titus Labienus, his lieutenant, to the command of the fortification which he had made. He himself proceeds to Italy by forced marches, and there levies two legions, and leads out from winter-quarters three which were wintering aroundAquileia, and with these five legions marches rapidly by the nearest route across theAlpsinto Further Gaul." + }, + { + "id": 5925, + "la": "IbiCeutronesetGraiocelietCaturigeslocissuperioribusoccupatisitinereexercitumprohibereconantur.CompluribushisproeliispulsisabOcelo,quodestoppidumciteriorisprovinciaeextremum,infinesVocontiorumulteriorisprovinciaedieseptimopervenit;indeinAllobrogumfines,abAllobrogibusinSegusiavosexercitumducit.HisuntextraprovinciamtransRhodanumprimi", + "en": "Here the Centrones and the Graioceli and the Caturiges, having taken possession of the higher parts, attempt to obstruct the army in their march. After having routed these in several battles, he arrives in the territories of the Vocontii in the Further Province on the seventh day from Ocelum, which is the most remote town of the Hither Province; thence he leads his army into the country of the Allobroges, and from the Allobroges to the Segusiani. These people are the first beyond the Province on the opposite side of theRhone." + }, + { + "id": 5926, + "la": "HelvetiiiamperangustiasetfinesSequanorumsuascopiastraduxerantetinHaeduorumfinesperveneranteorumqueagrospopulabantur", + "en": "The Helvetii had by this time led their forces over through the narrow defile and the territories of the Sequani, and had arrived at the territories of the Aedui, and were ravaging their lands." + }, + { + "id": 5927, + "la": "Haedui,cumsesuaqueabiisdefenderenonpossent,legatosadCaesaremmittuntrogatumauxilium:", + "en": "The Aedui, as they could not defend themselves and their possessions against them, send embassadors to Caesar to ask assistance," + }, + { + "id": 5928, + "la": "itaseomnitemporedepopuloRomanomeritosesseutpaeneinconspectuexercitusnostriagrivastari,liberi[eorum]inservitutemabduci,oppidaexpugnarinondebuerint.EodemtemporequoHaeduiAmbarri,necessariietconsanguineiHaeduorum,Caesaremcertioremfaciuntsesedepopulatisagrisnonfacileaboppidisvimhostiumprohibere", + "en": "[pleading] that they had at all times so well deserved of the Roman people, that their fields ought not to have been laid waste-their children carried off into slavery-their towns stormed, almost within sight of our army. At the same time the Ambarri, the friends and kinsmen of the Aedui, apprize Caesar, that it was not easy for them, now that their fields had been devastated, to ward off the violence of the enemy from their towns" + }, + { + "id": 5929, + "la": "ItemAllobroges,quitransRhodanumvicospossessionesquehabebant,fugaseadCaesaremrecipiuntetdemonstrantsibipraeteragrisolumnihilessereliqui", + "en": "the Allobroges likewise, who had villages and possessions on the other side of theRhone, betake themselves in flight to Caesar, and assure him that they had nothing remaining, except the soil of their land" + }, + { + "id": 5930, + "la": "QuibusrebusadductusCaesarnonexpectandumsibistatuitdum,omnibus,fortunissociorumconsumptis,inSantonosHelvetiipervenirent", + "en": "Caesar, induced by these circumstances, decides, that he ought not to wait until the Helvetii, after destroying all the property of his allies, should arrive among the Santones." + }, + { + "id": 5931, + "la": "FlumenestArar,quodperfinesHaeduorumetSequanoruminRhodanuminfluit,incredibililenitate,itautoculisinutrampartemfluatiudicarinonpossit.IdHelvetiiratibusaclintribusiunctistransibant", + "en": "There is a river [called] theSaone, which flows through the territories of the Aedui and Sequani into theRhonewith such incredible slowness, that it can not be determined by the eye in which direction it flows. This the Helvetii were crossing by rafts and boats joined together." + }, + { + "id": 5932, + "la": "UbiperexploratoresCaesarcertiorfactusesttresiampartescopiarumHelvetiosidflumentraduxisse,quartamveropartemcitraflumenArarimreliquamesse,detertiavigiliacumlegionibustribusecastrisprofectusadeampartempervenitquaenondumflumentransierat", + "en": "When Caesar was informed by spies that the Helvetii had already conveyed three parts of their forces across that river, but that the fourth part was left behind on this side of theSaone, he set out from the camp with three legions during the third watch, and came up with that division which had not yet crossed the river." + }, + { + "id": 5933, + "la": "Eosimpeditosetinopinantesadgressusmagnampartemeorumconcidit;reliquisesefugaemandaruntatqueinproximassilvasabdiderunt", + "en": "Attacking them encumbered with baggage, and not expecting him, he cut to pieces a great part of them; the rest betook themselves to flight, and concealed themselves in the nearest woods." + }, + { + "id": 5934, + "la": "IspagusappellabaturTigurinus;namomniscivitasHelvetiainquattuorpagosdivisaest", + "en": "That canton [which was cut down] was called the Tigurine; for the whole Helvetian state is divided into four cantons." + }, + { + "id": 5935, + "la": "Hicpagusunus,cumdomoexisset,patrumnostrorummemoriaL.Cassiumconsuleminterfecerateteiusexercitumsubiugummiserat", + "en": "This single canton having left their country, within the recollection of our fathers, had slain Lucius Cassius the consul, and had made his army pass under the yoke" + }, + { + "id": 5936, + "la": "ItasivecasusiveconsiliodeorumimmortaliumquaeparscivitatisHelvetiaeinsignemcalamitatempopuloRomanointulerat,eaprincepspoenampersolvit", + "en": "Thus, whether by chance, or by the design of the immortal gods, that part of the Helvetian state which had brought a signal calamity upon the Roman people, was the first to pay the penalty." + }, + { + "id": 5937, + "la": "QuainreCaesarnonsolumpublicas,sedetiamprivatasiniuriasultusest,quodeiussoceriL.Pisonisavum,L.Pisonemlegatum,TigurinieodemproelioquoCassiuminterfecerant", + "en": "In this Caesar avenged not only the public but also his own personal wrongs, because the Tigurini had slain Lucius Piso the lieutenant [of Cassius], the grandfather of Lucius Calpurnius Piso, his [Caesar's] father-in-law, in the same battle as Cassius himself." + }, + { + "id": 5938, + "la": "Hocproeliofacto,reliquascopiasHelvetiorumutconsequiposset,ponteminArarifaciendumcuratatqueitaexercitumtraducit", + "en": "This battle ended, that he might be able to come up with the remaining forces of the Helvetii, he procures a bridge to be made across theSaone, and thus leads his army over." + }, + { + "id": 5939, + "la": "HelvetiirepentinoeiusadventucommoticumidquodipsidiebusXXaegerrimeconfecerant,utflumentransirent,illumunodiefecisseintellegerent,legatosadeummittunt;cuiuslegationisDivicoprincepsfuit,quibelloCassianoduxHelvetiorumfuerat", + "en": "The Helvetii, confused by his sudden arrival, when they found that he had effected in one day, what they, themselves had with the utmost difficulty accomplished in twenty namely, the crossing of the river, send embassadors to him; at the head of which embassy was Divico, who had been commander of the Helvetii, in the war against Cassius" + }, + { + "id": 5940, + "la": "Is ita cum Caesare egit: si pacem populus Romanus cum Helvetiis faceret, in eam partem ituros atque ibi futuros Helvetios ubi eos Caesar constituisset atque esse voluisset;", + "en": "He thus treats with Caesar:-that, \"if the Roman people would make peace with the Helvetii they would go to that part and there remain, where Caesar might appoint and desire them to be" + }, + { + "id": 5941, + "la": "sinbellopersequiperseveraret,reminiscereturetveterisincommodipopuliRomanietpristinaevirtutisHelvetiorum.Quodimprovisounumpagumadortusesset,cumiiquiflumentransissentsuisauxiliumferrenonpossent,neobeamremautsuaemagnoperevirtutitribueretautipsosdespiceret.Seitaapatribusmaioribusquesuisdidicisse,utmagisvirtutecontenderentquamdoloautinsidiisniterentur", + "en": "but if he should persist in persecuting them with war that he ought to remember both the ancient disgrace of the Roman people and the characteristic valor of the Helvetii. As to his having attacked one canton by surprise, [at a time] when those who had crossed the river could not bring assistance to their friends, that he ought not on that account to ascribe very much to his own valor, or despise them; that they had so learned from their sires and ancestors, as to rely more on valor than on artifice and stratagem." + }, + { + "id": 5942, + "la": "QuarenecommitteretutislocusubiconstitissentexcalamitatepopuliRomanietinternecioneexercitusnomencaperetautmemoriamproderet", + "en": "Wherefore let him not bring it to pass that the place, where they were standing, should acquire a name, from the disaster of the Roman people and the destruction of their army or transmit the remembrance [of such an event to posterity]." + }, + { + "id": 5943, + "la": "HisCaesaritarespondit:eosibiminusdubitationisdari,quodeasresquaslegatiHelvetiicommemorassentmemoriateneret,atqueeograviusferrequominusmeritopopuliRomaniaccidissent;", + "en": "To these words Caesar thus replied:-that \"on that very account he felt less hesitation, because he kept in remembrance those circumstances which the Helvetian embassadors had mentioned, and that he felt the more indignant at them, in proportion as they had happened undeservedly to the Roman people" + }, + { + "id": 5944, + "la": "quisialicuiusiniuriaesibiconsciusfuisset,nonfuissedifficilecavere;sedeodeceptum,quodnequecommissumaseintellegeretquaretimeretnequesinecausatimendumputaret", + "en": "for if they had been conscious of having done any wrong, it would not have been difficult to be on their guard, but for that very reason had they been deceived, because neither were they aware that any offense had been given by them, on account of which they should be afraid, nor did they think that they ought to be afraid without cause" + }, + { + "id": 5945, + "la": "Quodsiveteriscontumeliaeobliviscivellet,numetiamrecentiuminiuriarum,quodeoinvitoiterperprovinciampervimtemptassent,quodHaeduos,quodAmbarros,quodAllobrogasvexassent,memoriamdeponereposse?", + "en": "But even if he were willing to forget their former outrage, could he also lay aside the remembrance of the late wrongs, in that they had against his will attempted a route through the Province by force, in that they had molested the Aedui, the Ambarri, and the Allobroges?" + }, + { + "id": 5946, + "la": "Quodsuavictoriataminsolentergloriarenturquodquetamdiuseimpuneiniuriastulisseadmirarentur,eodempertinere", + "en": "That as to their so insolently boasting of their victory, and as to their being astonished that they had so long committed their outrages with impunity, [both these things] tended to the same point" + }, + { + "id": 5947, + "la": "Consuesseenimdeosimmortales,quograviushominesexcommutationererumdoleant,quosproscelereeorumulciscivelint,hissecundioresinterdumresetdiuturnioremimpunitatemconcedere", + "en": "for the immortal gods are wont to allow those persons whom they wish to punish for their guilt sometimes a greater prosperity and longer impunity, in order that they may suffer the more severely from a reverse of circumstances." + }, + { + "id": 5948, + "la": "Cumeaitasint,tamen,siobsidesabiissibidentur,utieaquaepolliceanturfacturosintellegat,etsiHaeduisdeiniuriisquasipsissociisqueeorumintulerint,itemsiAllobrogibussatisfaciunt,sesecumiispacemessefacturum", + "en": "Although these things are so, yet, if hostages were to be given him by them in order that he may be assured these will do what they promise, and provided they will give satisfaction to the Aedui for the outrages which they had committed against them and their allies, and likewise to the Allobroges, he [Caesar] will make peace with them.\"" + }, + { + "id": 5949, + "la": "Divicorespondit:itaHelvetiosamaioribussuisinstitutosesseutiobsidesaccipere,nondare,consuerint;eiusreipopulumRomanumessetestem.Hocresponsodatodiscessit", + "en": "Divico replied, that \"the Helvetii had been so trained by their ancestors, that they were accustomed to receive, not to give hostages; of that fact the Roman people were witness.\" Having given this reply, he withdrew." + }, + { + "id": 5950, + "la": "Posterodiecastraexeolocomovent.IdemfacitCaesarequitatumqueomnem,adnumerumquattuormilium,quemexomniprovinciaetHaeduisatqueeorumsociiscoactumhabebat,praemittit,quivideantquasinparteshostesiterfaciant.QuicupidiusnovissimumagmeninsecutialienolococumequitatuHelvetiorumproeliumcommittunt;etpaucidenostriscadunt", + "en": "On the following day they move their camp from that place; Caesar does the same, and sends forward all his cavalry, to the number of four thousand (which he had drawn together from all parts of the Province and from the Aedui and their allies), to observe toward what parts the enemy are directing their march. These, having too eagerly pursued the enemy's rear, come to a battle with the cavalry of the Helvetii in a disadvantageous place, and a few of our men fall." + }, + { + "id": 5951, + "la": "QuoproeliosublatiHelvetii,quodquingentisequitibustantammultitudinemequitumpropulerant,audaciussubsisterenonnumquametnovissimoagmineproelionostroslacesserecoeperunt.Caesarsuosaproeliocontinebat,acsatishabebatinpraesentiahostemrapinis,pabulationibuspopulationibusqueprohibere", + "en": "The Helvetii, elated with this battle, because they had with five hundred horse repulsed so large a body of horse, began to face us more boldly, sometimes too from their rear to provoke our men by an attack. Caesar [however] restrained his men from battle, deeming it sufficient for the present to prevent the enemy from rapine, forage, and depredation." + }, + { + "id": 5952, + "la": "ItadiescirciterXViterfeceruntutiinternovissimumhostiumagmenetnostrumprimumnonampliusquinisautsenismilibuspassuuminteresset", + "en": "They marched for about fifteen days in such a manner that there was not more than five or six miles between the enemy's rear and our van." + }, + { + "id": 5953, + "la": "InterimcotidieCaesarHaeduosfrumentum,quodessentpublicepolliciti,flagitare", + "en": "Meanwhile, Caesar kept daily importuning the Aedui for the corn which they had promised in the name of their state" + }, + { + "id": 5954, + "la": "Nampropterfrigora[quodGalliasubseptentrionibus,utantedictumest,positaest,]nonmodofrumentainagrismaturanonerant,sednepabuliquidemsatismagnacopiasuppetebat;", + "en": "for, in consequence of the coldness (Gaul, being as before said, situated toward the north), not only was the corn in the fields not ripe, but there was not in store a sufficiently large quantity even of fodder" + }, + { + "id": 5955, + "la": "eoautemfrumentoquodflumineArarinavibussubvexeratproptereautiminuspoteratquoditerabArariHelvetiiaverterant,aquibusdiscederenolebat", + "en": "besides he was unable to use the corn which he had conveyed in ships up the riverSaone, because the Helvetii, from whom he was unwilling to retire had diverted their march from theSaone" + }, + { + "id": 5956, + "la": "DiemexdieducereHaedui:conferri,comportari,adessedicere", + "en": "The Aedui kept deferring from day to day, and saying that it was being collected-brought in-on the road" + }, + { + "id": 5957, + "la": "Ubisediutiusduciintellexitetdieminstarequodiefrumentummilitibusmetirioporteret,convocatiseorumprincipibus,quorummagnamcopiamincastrishabebat,inhisDiviciacoetLisco,quisummomagistratuipraeerat,quemvergobretumappellantHaedui,quicreaturannuusetvitaenecisqueinsuoshabetpotestatem,gravitereosaccusat,", + "en": "When he saw that he was put off too long, and that the day was close at hand on which he ought to serve out the corn to his soldiers;-having called together their chiefs, of whom he had a great number in his camp, among them Divitiacus and Liscus who was invested with the chief magistracy (whom the Aedui style the Vergobretus, and who is elected annually and has power of life or death over his countrymen), he severely reprimands them" + }, + { + "id": 5958, + "la": "quod,cumnequeeminequeexagrissumipossit,tamnecessariotempore,tampropinquishostibusabiisnonsublevetur,praesertimcummagnaexparteeorumprecibusadductusbellumsusceperit[;multoetiamgraviusquodsitdestitutusqueritur]", + "en": "because he is not assisted by them on so urgent an occasion, when the enemy were so close at hand, and when [corn] could neither be bought nor taken from the fields, particularly as, in a great measure urged by their prayers, he had undertaken the war; much more bitterly, therefore does he complain of his being forsaken." + }, + { + "id": 5959, + "la": "TumdemumLiscusorationeCaesarisadductusquodanteatacueratproponit:essenonnullos,quorumauctoritasapudplebemplurimumvaleat,quiprivatimpluspossintquamipsimagistratus", + "en": "Then at length Liscus, moved by Caesar's speech, discloses what he had hitherto kept secret:-that there are some whose influences with the people is very great, who, though private men, have more power than the magistrates themselves" + }, + { + "id": 5960, + "la": "Hosseditiosaatqueimprobaorationemultitudinemdeterrere,nefrumentumconferantquoddebeant:", + "en": "that these by seditions and violent language are deterring the populace from contributing the corn which they ought to supply" + }, + { + "id": 5961, + "la": "praestare,siiamprincipatumGalliaeobtinerenonpossint,GallorumquamRomanorumimperiaperferre,", + "en": "[by telling them] that, if they can not any longer retain the supremacy of Gaul, it were better to submit to the government of Gauls than of Romans" + }, + { + "id": 5962, + "la": "nequedubitare[debeant]quin,siHelvetiossuperaverintRomani,unacumreliquaGalliaHaeduislibertatemsinterepturi", + "en": "nor ought they to doubt that, if the Romans should overpower the Helvetii, they would wrest their freedom from the Aedui together with the remainder of Gaul" + }, + { + "id": 5963, + "la": "Abisdemnostraconsiliaquaequeincastrisgeranturhostibusenuntiari;hosasecoercerinonposse", + "en": "By these very men, [said he], are our plans and whatever is done in the camp, disclosed to the enemy; that they could not be restrained by him" + }, + { + "id": 5964, + "la": "Quinetiam,quodnecessariamremcoactusCaesarienuntiarit,intellegeresesequantoidcumpericulofecerit,etobeamcausamquamdiupotuerittacuisse", + "en": "nay more, he was well aware, that though compelled by necessity, he had disclosed the matter to Caesar, at how great a risk he had done it; and for that reason, he had been silent as long as he could.\"" + }, + { + "id": 5965, + "la": "CaesarhacorationeLisciDumnorigem,Diviciacifratrem,designarisentiebat,sed,quodpluribuspraesentibuseasresiactarinolebat,celeriterconciliumdimittit,Liscumretinet", + "en": "Caesar perceived that by this speech of Liscus, Dumnorix, the brother of Divitiacus, was indicated; but, as he was unwilling that these matters should be discussed while so many were present, he speedily dismisses: the council, but detains Liscus" + }, + { + "id": 5966, + "la": "Quaeritexsoloeaquaeinconventudixerat.Dicitliberiusatqueaudacius.Eademsecretoabaliisquaerit;reperitessevera:", + "en": "he inquires from him when alone, about those things which he had said in the meeting. He [Liscus] speaks more unreservedly and boldly. He [Caesar] makes inquiries on the same points privately of others, and discovered that it is all true" + }, + { + "id": 5967, + "la": "ipsumesseDumnorigem,summaaudacia,magnaapudplebempropterliberalitatemgratia,cupidumrerumnovarum.CompluresannosportoriareliquaqueomniaHaeduorumvectigaliaparvopretioredemptahabere,proptereaquodillolicentecontraliceriaudeatnemo", + "en": "that \"Dumnorix is the person, a man of the highest daring, in great favor with the people on account of his liberality, a man eager for a revolution: that for a great many years he has been in the habit of contracting for the customs and all the other taxes of the Aedui at a small cost, because when he bids, no one dares to bid against him" + }, + { + "id": 5968, + "la": "Hisrebusetsuamremfamiliaremauxisseetfacultatesadlargiendummagnascomparasse;", + "en": "By these means he has both increased his own private property, and amassed great means for giving largesses" + }, + { + "id": 5969, + "la": "magnumnumerumequitatussuosumptusemperalereetcircumsehabere,", + "en": "that he maintains constantly at his own expense and keeps about his own person a great number of cavalry" + }, + { + "id": 5970, + "la": "nequesolumdomi,sedetiamapudfinitimascivitateslargiterposse,atquehuiuspotentiaecausamatreminBiturigibushominiillicnobilissimoacpotentissimoconlocasse;", + "en": "and that not only at home, but even among the neighboring states, he has great influence, and for the sake of strengthening this influence has given his mother in marriage among the Bituriges to a man the most noble and most influential there" + }, + { + "id": 5971, + "la": "ipsumexHelvetiisuxoremhabere,sororumexmatreetpropinquassuasnuptuminaliascivitatesconlocasse", + "en": "that he has himself taken a wife from among the Helvetii, and has given his sister by the mother's side and his female relations in marriage into other states" + }, + { + "id": 5972, + "la": "FavereetcupereHelvetiisproptereamadfinitatem,odisseetiamsuonomineCaesaremetRomanos,quodeorumadventupotentiaeiusdeminutaetDiviciacusfraterinantiquumlocumgratiaeatquehonorissitrestitutus", + "en": "that he favors and wishes well to the Helvetii on account of this connection; and that he hates Caesar and the Romans, on his own account, because by their arrival his power was weakened, and his brother, Divitiacus, restored to his former position of influence and dignity" + }, + { + "id": 5973, + "la": "SiquidaccidatRomanis,summaminspemperHelvetiosregniobtinendivenire;imperiopopuliRomaninonmododeregno,sedetiamdeeaquamhabeatgratiadesperare", + "en": "that, if any thing should happen to the Romans, he entertains the highest hope of gaining the sovereignty by means of the Helvetii, but that under the government of the Roman people he despairs not only of royalty, but even of that influence which he already has" + }, + { + "id": 5974, + "la": "ReperiebatetiaminquaerendoCaesar,quodproeliumequestreadversumpaucisantediebusessetfactum,initiumeiusfugaefactumaDumnorigeatqueeiusequitibus(namequitatui,quemauxilioCaesariHaeduimiserant,Dumnorixpraeerat):eorumfugareliquumesseequitatumperterritum", + "en": "Caesar discovered too, on inquiring into the unsuccessful cavalry engagement which had taken place a few days before, that the commencement of that flight had been made by Dumnorix and his cavalry (for Dumnorix was in command of the cavalry which the Aedui had sent for aid to Caesar); that by their flight the rest of the cavalry were dismayed." + }, + { + "id": 5975, + "la": "Quibusrebuscognitis,cumadhassuspicionescertissimaeresaccederent,quodperfinesSequanorumHelvetiostraduxisset,quodobsidesintereosdandoscurasset,quodeaomnianonmodoiniussusuoetcivitatissedetiaminscientibusipsisfecisset,quodamagistratuHaeduorumaccusaretur,satisessecausaearbitrabaturquareineumautipseanimadverteretautcivitatemanimadvertereiuberet", + "en": "After learning these circumstances, since to these suspicions the most unequivocal facts were added, viz., that he had led the Helvetii through the territories of the Sequani; that he had provided that hostages should be mutually given; that he had done all these things, not only without any orders of his [Caesar's] and of his own state's, but even without their [the Aedui] knowing any thing of it themselves; that he [Dumnorix] was reprimanded: by the [chief] magistrate of the Aedui; he [Caesar] considered that there was sufficient reason, why he should either punish him himself, or order the state to do so." + }, + { + "id": 5976, + "la": "Hisomnibusrebusunumrepugnabat,quodDiviciacifratrissummuminpopulumRomanumstudium,summuminsevoluntatem,egregiamfidem,iustitiam,temperantiamcognoverat;namneeiussupplicioDiviciacianimumoffenderetverebatur", + "en": "One thing [however] stood in the way of all this-that he had learned by experience his brother Divitiacus's very high regard for the Roman people, his great affection toward him, his distinguished faithfulness, justice, and moderation; for he was afraid lest by the punishment of this man, he should hurt the feelings of Divitiacus." + }, + { + "id": 5977, + "la": "Itaquepriusquamquicquamconaretur,Diviciacumadsevocariiubetet,cotidianisinterpretibusremotis,perC.ValeriumTroucillum,principemGalliaeprovinciae,familiaremsuum,cuisummamomniumrerumfidemhabebat,cumeoconloquitur;", + "en": "Therefore, before he attempted any thing, he orders Divitiacus to be summoned to him, and, when the ordinary interpreters had been withdrawn, converses with him through Caius Valerius Procillus, chief of the province of Gaul, an intimate friend of his, in whom he reposed the highest confidence in every thing" + }, + { + "id": 5978, + "la": "simulcommonefacitquaeipsopraesenteinconcilio[Gallorum]deDumnorigesintdicta,etostenditquaeseparatimquisquedeeoapudsedixerit", + "en": "at the same time he reminds him of what was said about Dumnorix in the council of the Gauls, when he himself was present, and shows what each had said of him privately in his [Caesar's] own presence" + }, + { + "id": 5979, + "la": "Petitatquehortaturutsineeiusoffensioneanimivelipsedeeocausacognitastatuatvelcivitatemstatuereiubeat", + "en": "he begs and exhorts him, that, without offense to his feelings, he may either himself pass judgment on him [Dumnorix] after trying the case, or else order the [Aeduan] state to do so." + }, + { + "id": 5980, + "la": "DiviciacusmultiscumlacrimisCaesaremcomplexusobsecrarecoepitnequidgraviusinfratremstatueret:", + "en": "Divitiacus, embracing Caesar, begins to implore him, with many tears, that \"he would not pass any very severe sentence upon his brother; saying," + }, + { + "id": 5981, + "la": "scireseillaessevera,necquemquamexeoplusquamsedoloriscapere,proptereaquod,cumipsegratiaplurimumdomiatqueinreliquaGallia,illeminimumpropteradulescentiamposset,persecrevisset;", + "en": "that he knows that those charges are true, and that nobody suffered more pain on that account than he himself did; for when he himself could effect a very great deal by his influence at home and in the rest of Gaul, and he [Dumnorix] very little on account of his youth, the latter had become powerful through his means," + }, + { + "id": 5982, + "la": "quibusopibusacnervisnonsolumadminuendamgratiam,sedpaeneadperniciemsuamuteretur.Sesetamenetamorefraternoetexistimationevulgicommoveri", + "en": "which power and strength he used not only to the lessening of his [Divitiacus] popularity, but almost to his ruin; that he, however, was influenced both by fraternal affection and by public opinion." + }, + { + "id": 5983, + "la": "QuodsiquideiaCaesaregraviusaccidisset,cumipseeumlocumamicitiaeapudeumteneret,neminemexistimaturumnonsuavoluntatefactum;quaexrefuturumutitotiusGalliaeanimiaseaverterentur", + "en": "But if any thing very severe from Caesar should befall him [Dumnorix], no one would think that it had been done without his consent, since he himself held such a place in Caesar's friendship: from which circumstance it would arise, that the affections of the whole of Gaul would be estranged from him." + }, + { + "id": 5984, + "la": "HaeccumpluribusverbisflensaCaesarepeteret,Caesareiusdextramprendit;consolatusrogatfinemorandifaciat;tantieiusapudsegratiamesseostenditutietreipublicaeiniuriametsuumdoloremeiusvoluntatiacprecibuscondonet.Dumnorigemadsevocat,fratremadhibet;quaeineoreprehendatostendit;quaeipseintellegat,quaecivitasqueraturproponit;monetutinreliquumtempusomnessuspicionesvitet;praeteritaseDiviciacofratricondonaredicit.Dumnorigicustodesponit,utquaeagat,quibuscumloquaturscirepossit", + "en": "As he was with tears begging these things of Caesar in many words, Caesar takes his right hand, and, comforting him, begs him to make an end of entreating, and assures him that his regard for him is so great, that he forgives both the injuries of the republic and his private wrongs, at his desire and prayers. He summons Dumnorix to him; he brings in his brother; he points out what he censures in him; he lays before him what he of himself perceives, and what the state complains of; he warns him for the future to avoid all grounds of suspicion; he says that he pardons the past, for the sake of his brother, Divitiacus. He sets spies over Dumnorix that he may be able to know what he does, and with whom he communicates." + }, + { + "id": 5985, + "la": "Eodemdieabexploratoribuscertiorfactushostessubmonteconsedissemiliapassuumabipsiuscastrisocto,qualisessetnaturamontisetqualisincircuituascensusquicognoscerentmisit", + "en": "Being on the same day informed by his scouts, that the enemy had encamped at the foot of a mountain eight miles from his own camp; he sent persons to ascertain what the nature of the mountain was, and of what kind the ascent on every side" + }, + { + "id": 5986, + "la": "Renuntiatumestfacilemesse.DetertiavigiliaT.Labienum,legatumpropraetore,cumduabuslegionibusetiisducibusquiitercognoverantsummumiugummontisascendereiubet;quidsuiconsiliisitostendit", + "en": "Word was brought back, that it was easy. During the third watch he orders Titus Labienus, his lieutenant with praetorian powers, to ascend to the highest ridge of the mountain with two legions, and with those as guides who had examined the road; he explains what his plan is." + }, + { + "id": 5987, + "la": "Ipsedequartavigiliaeodemitinerequohostesierantadeoscontenditequitatumqueomnemantesemittit", + "en": "He himself during the fourth watch, hastens to them by the same route by which the enemy had gone, and sends on all the cavalry before him" + }, + { + "id": 5988, + "la": "P.Considius,quireimilitarisperitissimushabebaturetinexercituL.SullaeetposteainM.Crassifuerat,cumexploratoribuspraemittitur", + "en": "Publius Considius, who was reputed to be very experienced in military affairs, and had been in the army of Lucius Sulla, and afterward in that of Marcus Crassus, is sent forward with the scouts." + }, + { + "id": 5989, + "la": "Primaluce,cumsummusmonsa[Lucio]Labienoteneretur,ipseabhostiumcastrisnonlongiusmilleetquingentispassibusabessetneque,utposteaexcaptiviscomperit,autipsiusadventusautLabienicognitusesset,", + "en": "At day-break, when the summit of the mountain was in the possession of Titus Labienus, and he himself was not further off than a mile and half from the enemy's camp, nor, as he afterward ascertained from the captives, had either his arrival or that of Labienus been discovered;" + }, + { + "id": 5990, + "la": "Considiusequoadmissoadeumaccurrit,dicitmontem,quemaLabienooccuparivoluerit,abhostibusteneri:idseaGallicisarmisatqueinsignibuscognovisse", + "en": "Considius, with his horse at full gallop, comes up to him says that the mountain which he [Caesar] wished should be seized by Labienus, is in possession of the enemy; that he has discovered this by the Gallic arms and ensigns." + }, + { + "id": 5991, + "la": "Caesarsuascopiasinproximumcollemsubducit,acieminstruit.Labienus,uterateipraeceptumaCaesareneproeliumcommitteret,nisiipsiuscopiaepropehostiumcastravisaeessent,utundiqueunotemporeinhostesimpetusfieret,monteoccupatonostrosexpectabatproelioqueabstinebat", + "en": "Caesar leads off his forces to the next hill: [and] draws them up in battle-order. Labienus, as he had been ordered by Caesar not to come to an engagement unless [Caesar's] own forces were seen near the enemy's camp, that the attack upon the enemy might be made on every side at the same time, was, after having taken possession of the mountain, waiting for our men, and refraining from battle." + }, + { + "id": 5992, + "la": "MultodeniquedieperexploratoresCaesarcognovitetmontemasuistenerietHelvetioscastra,movisseetConsidiumtimoreperterritumquodnonvidissetprovisosibirenuntiavisse.Eodiequoconsueratintervallohostessequituretmiliapassuumtriaabeorumcastriscastraponit", + "en": "When, at length, the day was far advanced, Caesar learned through spies, that the mountain was in possession of his own men, and that the Helvetii had moved their camp, and that Considius, struck with fear, had reported to him, as seen, that which he had not seen. On that day he follows the enemy at his usual distance, and pitches his camp three miles from theirs." + }, + { + "id": 5993, + "la": "Postridieeiusdiei,quodomninobiduumsupererat,cumexercituifrumentummetirioporteret,etquodaBibracte,oppidoHaeduorumlongemaximoetcopiosissimo,nonampliusmilibuspassuumXVIIIaberat,reifrumentariaeprospiciendumexistimavit;itaqueiterabHelvetiisavertitacBibracteirecontendit", + "en": "The next day (as there remained in all only two day's space [to the time] when he must serve out the corn to his army, and as he was not more than eighteen miles fromBibracte, by far the largest and best-stored town of the Aedui), he thought that he ought to provide for a supply of corn; and diverted his march from the Helvetii, and advanced rapidly toBibracte" + }, + { + "id": 5994, + "la": "EaresperfugitivosL.Aemilii,decurionisequitumGallorum,hostibusnuntiatur", + "en": "This circumstance is reported to the enemy by some deserters from Lucius Aemilius, a captain, of the Gallic horse." + }, + { + "id": 5995, + "la": "Helvetii,seuquodtimoreperterritosRomanosdiscedereaseexistimarent,eomagisquodpridiesuperioribuslocisoccupatisproeliumnoncommisissent,siveeoquodrefrumentariaintercludiposseconfiderent,commutatoconsilioatqueitinereconversonostrosanovissimoagmineinsequiaclacesserecoeperunt", + "en": "The Helvetii, either because they thought that the Romans, struck with terror, were retreating from them, the more so, as the day before, though they had seized on the higher grounds, they had not joined battle or because they flattered themselves that they might be cut of from the provisions, altering their plan and changing their route, began to pursue, and to annoy our men in the rear." + }, + { + "id": 5996, + "la": "Postquamidanimumadvertit,copiassuasCaesarinproximumcollemsubduxitequitatumque,quisustinerethostiumpetum,misit", + "en": "Caesar, when he observes this, draws off his forces to the next hill, and sent the cavalry to sustain the attack of the enemy" + }, + { + "id": 5997, + "la": "Ipseinterimincollemediotriplicemacieminstruxitlegionumquattuorveteranarum;insummoiugoduaslegionesquasinGalliaciterioreproximeconscripseratetomniaauxiliaconlocavit,", + "en": "He himself, meanwhile, drew up on the middle of the hill a triple line of his four veteran legions in such a manner, that he placed above him on the very summit the two legions, which he had lately levied in Hither Gaul, and all the auxiliaries;" + }, + { + "id": 5998, + "la": "itautsuprasetotummontemhominibuscompleret;impedimentasarcinasqueinunumlocumconferrieteumabiisquiinsuperioreacieconstiterantmuniriiussit", + "en": "and he ordered that the whole mountain should be covered with men, and that meanwhile the baggage should be brought together into one place, and the position be protected by those who were posted in the upper line." + }, + { + "id": 5999, + "la": "Helvetiicumomnibussuiscarrissecutiimpedimentainunumlocumcontulerunt;ipsiconfertissimaacie,reiectonostroequitatu,phalangefactasubprimamnostramaciemsuccesserunt", + "en": "The Helvetii having followed with all their wagons, collected their baggage into one place: they themselves, after having repulsed our cavalry and formed a phalanx, advanced up to our front line in very close order." + }, + { + "id": 6000, + "la": "Caesarprimumsuo,deindeomniumexconspecturemotisequis,utaequatoomniumpericulospemfugaetolleret,cohortatussuosproeliumcommisit", + "en": "Caesar, having removed out of sight first his own horse, then those of all, that he might make the danger of a11 equal, and do away with the hope of flight, after encouraging his men, joined battle" + }, + { + "id": 6001, + "la": "Militeslocosuperiorepilismissisfacilehostiumphalangemperfregerunt.Eadisiectagladiisdestrictisineosimpetumfecerunt", + "en": "His soldiers hurling their javelins from the higher ground, easily broke the enemy's phalanx. That being dispersed, they made a charge on them with drawn swords." + }, + { + "id": 6002, + "la": "Gallismagnoadpugnameratimpedimentoquodpluribuseorumscutisunoictupilorumtransfixisetconligatis,cumferrumseinflexisset,nequeevellerenequesinistraimpeditasatiscommodepugnarepoterant,", + "en": "It was a great hinderance to the Gauls in fighting, that, when several of their bucklers had been by one stroke of the (Roman) javelins pierced through and pinned fast together, as the point of the iron had bent itself, they could neither pluck it out, nor, with their left hand entangled, fight with sufficient ease" + }, + { + "id": 6003, + "la": "multiutdiuiactatobracchiopraeoptarentscutummanuemittereetnudocorporepugnare", + "en": "so that many, after having long tossed their arm about, chose rather to cast away the buckler from their hand, and to fight with their person unprotected" + }, + { + "id": 6004, + "la": "Tandemvulneribusdefessietpedemreferreet,quodmonssuberitcircitermillepassuumspatio,eosereciperecoeperunt", + "en": "At length, worn out with wounds, they began to give way, and, as there was in the neighborhood a mountain about a mile off, to betake themselves thither" + }, + { + "id": 6005, + "la": "Captomonteetsuccedentibusnostris,BoietTulingi,quihominummilibuscirciterXVagmenhostiumclaudebantetnovissimispraesidioerant,exitinerenostrosablatereapertoadgressicircumvenire,etidconspicatiHelvetii,quiinmontemsesereceperant,rursusinstareetproeliumredintegrarecoeperunt", + "en": "When the mountain had been gained, and our men were advancing up, the Boii and Tulingi, who with about 15,000 men closed the enemy's line of march and served as a guard to their rear, having assailed our men on the exposed flank as they advanced [prepared] to surround them; upon seeing which, the Helvetii who had betaken themselves to the mountain, began to press on again and renew the battle" + }, + { + "id": 6006, + "la": "Romani[conversa]signabipertitointulerunt:primaetsecundaacies,utvictisacsubmotisresisteret,tertia,utvenientessustineret", + "en": "The Romans having faced about, advanced to the attack in two divisions; the first and second line, to withstand those who had been defeated and driven off the field; the third to receive those who were just arriving." + }, + { + "id": 6007, + "la": "Itaancipitiproeliodiuatqueacriterpugnatumest.Diutiuscumsustinerenostrorumimpetusnonpossent,alterise,utcoeperant,inmontemreceperunt,alteriadimpedimentaetcarrossuossecontulerunt", + "en": "Thus, was the contest long and vigorously carried on with doubtful success. When they could no longer withstand the attacks of our men, the one division, as they had begun to do, betook themselves to the mountain; the other repaired to their baggage and wagons." + }, + { + "id": 6008, + "la": "Namhoctotoproelio,cumabhoraseptimaadvesperumpugnatumsit,aversumhostemviderenemopotuit", + "en": "For during the whole of this battle, although the fight lasted from the seventh hour to eventide, no one could see an enemy with his back turned." + }, + { + "id": 6009, + "la": "Admultamnoctemetiamadimpedimentapugnatumest,proptereaquodprovallocarrosobieceruntetelocosuperioreinnostrosvenientestelacoiciebantetnonnulliintercarrosrotasquematarasactragulassubiciebantnostrosquevulnerabant", + "en": "The fight was carried on also at the baggage till late in the night, for they had set wagons in the way as a rampart, and from the higher ground kept throwing weapons upon our men, as they came on, and some from between the wagons and the wheels kept darting their lances and javelins from beneath, and wounding our men." + }, + { + "id": 6010, + "la": "Diucumessetpugnatum,impedimentiscastrisquenostripotitisunt.IbiOrgetorigisfiliaatqueunusefiliiscaptusest", + "en": "After the fight had lasted some time, our men gained possession of their baggage and camp. There the daughter and one of the sons of Orgetorix was taken" + }, + { + "id": 6011, + "la": "ExeoproeliocirciterhominummiliaCXXXsuperfuerunteaquetotanoctecontinenterierunt[nullampartemnoctisitinereintermisso];infinesLingonumdiequartopervenerunt,cumetproptervulneramilitumetproptersepulturamoccisorumnostri[triduummorati]eossequinonpotuissent", + "en": "After the battle about 130,000 men [of the enemy] remained alive, who marched incessantly during the whole of that night; and after a march discontinued for no part of the night, arrived in the territories of theLingoneson the fourth day, while our men, having stopped for three days, both on account of the wounds of the soldiers and the burial of the slain, had not been able to follow them" + }, + { + "id": 6012, + "la": "CaesaradLingonaslitterasnuntiosquemisit,neeosfrumentonevealiareiuvarent:quisiiuvissent,seeodemlocoquoHelvetioshabiturum.Ipsetriduointermissocumomnibuscopiiseossequicoepit", + "en": "Caesar sent letters and messengers to theLingones[with orders] that they should not assist them with corn or with any thing else; for that if they should assist them, he would regard them in the same light as the Helvetii. After the three days' interval he began to follow them himself with all his forces." + }, + { + "id": 6013, + "la": "Helvetiiomniumreruminopiaadductilegatosdededitioneadeummiserunt", + "en": "The Helvetii, compelled by the want of every thing, sent embassadors to him about a surrender." + }, + { + "id": 6014, + "la": "Quicumeuminitinereconvenissentsequeadpedesproiecissentsuppliciterquelocutiflentespacempetissent,atqueeosineolocoquotumessentsuumadventumexpectareiussisset,paruerunt", + "en": "When these had met him on the way and had thrown themselves at his feet, and speaking in suppliant tone had with tears sued for peace, and [when] he had ordered them to await his arrival, in the place, where they then were, they obeyed his commands." + }, + { + "id": 6015, + "la": "EopostquamCaesarpervenit,obsides,arma,servosquiadeosperfugissent,poposcit", + "en": "When Caesar arrived at that place, he demanded hostages, their arms, and the slaves who had deserted to them" + }, + { + "id": 6016, + "la": "Dumeaconquirunturetconferuntur, [nocteintermissa]circiterhominummiliaVIeiuspagiquiVerbigenusappellatur,sivetimoreperterriti,nearmistraditissupplicioadficerentur,sivespesalutisinducti,quodintantamultitudinedediticiorumsuamfugamautoccultariautomninoignorariposseexistimarent,primanocteecastrisHelvetiorumegressiadRhenumfinesqueGermanorumcontenderunt", + "en": "While those things are being sought for and got together, after a night's interval, about 6000 men of that canton which is called the Verbigene, whether terrified by fear, lest after delivering up their arms, they should suffer punishment, or else induced by the hope of safety, because they supposed that, amid so vast a multitude of those who had surrendered themselves, their flight might either be concealed or entirely overlooked, having at night-fall departed out of the camp of the Helvetii, hastened to theRhineand the territories of the Germans." + }, + { + "id": 6017, + "la": "QuodubiCaesarresciit,quorumperfinesieranthisuticonquirerentetreducerent,sisibipurgatiessevellent,imperavit;reductosinhostiumnumerohabuit;", + "en": "But when Caesar discovered this, he commanded those through whose territory they had gone, to seek them out and to bring them back again, if they meant to be acquitted before him; and considered them, when brought back, in the light of enemies;" + }, + { + "id": 6018, + "la": "reliquosomnesobsidibus,armis,perfugistraditisindeditionemaccepit", + "en": "he admitted all the rest to a surrender, upon their delivering up the hostages, arms, and deserters" + }, + { + "id": 6019, + "la": "Helvetios,Tulingos,Latobrigosinfinessuos,undeerantprofecti,revertiiussit,et,quodomnibusfrugibusamissisdominihileratquofamemtolerarent,Allobrogibusimperavitutiisfrumenticopiamfacerent;ipsosoppidavicosque,quosincenderant,restituereiussit.Ideamaximerationefecit,quodnoluiteumlocumundeHelvetiidiscesserantvacare,nepropterbonitatemagrorumGermani,quitransRhenumincolunt,exsuisfinibusinHelvetiorumfinestransirentetfinitimiGalliaeprovinciaeAllobrogibusqueessent", + "en": "He ordered the Helvetii, the Tulingi, and the Latobrigi, to return to their territories from which they had come, and as there was at home nothing whereby they might support their hunger, all the productions of the earth having been destroyed, he commanded the Allobroges to let them have a plentiful supply of corn; and ordered them to rebuild the towns and villages which they had burned. This he did, chiefly, on this account, because he was unwilling that the country, from which the Helvetii had departed, should be untenanted, lest the Germans, who dwell on the other side of theRhine, should, on account of the excellence of the lands, cross over from their own territories into those of the Helvetii, and become borderers upon the province of Gaul and the Allobroges" + }, + { + "id": 6020, + "la": "BoiospetentibusHaeduis,quodegregiavirtuteerantcogniti,utinfinibussuisconlocarent,concessit;quibusilliagrosdederuntquosqueposteainparemiurislibertatisquecondicionematqueipsierantreceperunt", + "en": "He granted the petition of the Aedui, that they might settle the Boii, in their own (i. e. in the Aeduan) territories, as these were known to be of distinguished valor, to whom they gave lands, and whom they afterward admitted to the same state of rights and freedom as themselves." + }, + { + "id": 6021, + "la": "IncastrisHelvetiorumtabulaerepertaesuntlitterisGraecisconfectaeetadCaesaremrelatae,quibusintabulisnominatimratioconfectaerat,quinumerusdomoexisseteorumquiarmaferrepossent,etitemseparatim,quotpueri,senesmulieresque", + "en": "In the camp of the Helvetii, lists were found, drawn up inGreekcharacters, and were brought to Caesar, in which an estimate had been drawn up, name by name, of the number which had gone forth from their country of those who were able to bear arms; and likewise the boys, the old men, and the women, separately." + }, + { + "id": 6022, + "la": "[Quarumomniumrerum]summaeratcapitumHelvetiorummiliumCCLXIII,TulingorummiliumXXXVI,LatobrigorumXIIII,RauracorumXXIII,BoiorumXXXII;exhisquiarmaferrepossentadmilianonagintaduo", + "en": "Of the Helvetii 263,000 Of the Tulingi 36,000 Of the Latobrigi 14,000 Of the Rauraci 23,000 Of the Boii 32,000" + }, + { + "id": 6023, + "la": "SummaomniumfueruntadmiliaCCCLXVIII.Eorumquidomumredieruntcensuhabito,utCaesarimperaverat,repertusestnumerusmiliumCetX", + "en": "The sum of all amounted to 368,000 Out of these, such as could bear arms, [amounted] to about 92,000. When the census of those who returned home was taken, as Caesar had commanded, the number was found to be 110,000." + }, + { + "id": 6024, + "la": "BelloHelvetiorumconfectototiusfereGalliaelegati,principescivitatum,adCaesaremgratulatumconvenerunt:", + "en": "When the war with the Helvetii was concluded, embassadors from almost all parts of Gaul, the chiefs of states, assembled to congratulate Caesar" + }, + { + "id": 6025, + "la": "intellegeresese,tametsiproveteribusHelvetioruminiuriispopuliRomaniabhispoenasbellorepetisset,tameneamremnonminusexusu[terrae]GalliaequampopuliRomaniaccidisse,", + "en": "[saying] that they were well aware, that, although he had taken vengeance on the Helvetii in war, for the old wrong done by them to the Roman people, yet that circumstance had happened no less to the benefit of the land of Gaul than of the Roman people" + }, + { + "id": 6026, + "la": "proptereaquodeoconsilioflorentissimisrebusdomossuasHelvetiireliquissentutitotiGalliaebelluminferrentimperioquepotirentur,locumquedomicilioexmagnacopiadeligerentquemexomniGalliaoportunissimumacfructuosissimumiudicassent,reliquasquecivitatesstipendiariashaberent", + "en": "because the Helvetii, while their affairs were most flourishing, had quitted their country with the design of making war upon the whole of Gaul, and seizing the government of it, and selecting, out of a great abundance, that spot for an abode, which they should judge to be the most convenient and most productive of all Gaul, and hold the rest of the states as tributaries" + }, + { + "id": 6027, + "la": "PetieruntutisibiconciliumtotiusGalliaeindiemcertamindicereidqueCaesarisfacerevoluntateliceret:sesehaberequasdamresquasexcommuniconsensuabeopeterevellent", + "en": "They requested that they might be allowed to proclaim an assembly of the whole of Gaul for a particular day, and to do that with Caesar's permission, [stating] that they had some things which, with the general consent, they wished to ask of him." + }, + { + "id": 6028, + "la": "Earepermissadiemconcilioconstitueruntetiureiurandonequisenuntiaret,nisiquibuscommuniconsiliomandatumesset,intersesanxerunt", + "en": "This request having been granted, they appointed a day for the assembly, and ordained by an oath with each other, that no one should disclose [their deliberations] except those to whom this [office] should be assigned by the general assembly." + }, + { + "id": 6029, + "la": "Eoconciliodimisso,idemprincepscivitatumquiantefuerantadCaesaremreverteruntpetieruntqueutisibisecretoinoccultodesuaomniumquesalutecumeoagereliceret", + "en": "When that assembly was dismissed, the same chiefs of states, who had before been to Caesar, returned, and asked that they might be allowed to treat with him privately (in secret) concerning the safety of themselves and of all." + }, + { + "id": 6030, + "la": "EareimpetrataseseomnesflentesCaesariadpedesproiecerunt:nonminusseidcontendereetlaborareneeaquaedixissentenuntiarenturquamutieaquaevellentimpetrarent,proptereaquod,sienuntiatumesset,summumincruciatumseventurosviderent", + "en": "That request having been obtained, they all threw themselves in tears at Caesar's feet, [saying] that they no less begged and earnestly desired that what they might say should not be disclosed, than that they might obtain those things which they wished for; inasmuch as they saw, that, if a disclosure was made, they should be put to the greatest tortures" + }, + { + "id": 6031, + "la": "LocutusestprohisDiviciacusHaeduus:Galliaetotiusfactionesesseduas;harumalteriusprincipatumtenereHaeduos,alteriusArvernos", + "en": "For these Divitiacus the Aeduan spoke and told him: \"That there were two parties in the whole of Gaul: that the Aedui stood at the head of one of these, the Arverni of the other." + }, + { + "id": 6032, + "la": "Hicumtantoperedepotentatuintersemultosannoscontenderent,factumesseutiabArvernisSequanisqueGermanimercedearcesserentur", + "en": "After these had been violently struggling with one another for the superiority for many years, it came to pass that the Germans were called in for hire by the Arverni and the Sequani." + }, + { + "id": 6033, + "la": "HorumprimocircitermiliaXVRhenumtransisse;posteaquamagrosetcultumetcopiasGallorumhominesferiacbarbariadamassent,traductosplures;nuncesseinGalliaadCetXXmiliumnumerum", + "en": "That about 15,000 of them [i.e. of the Germans] had at first crossed theRhine: but after that these wild and savage men had become enamored of the lands and the refinement and the abundance of the Gauls, more were brought over, that there were now as many as 120,000 of them in Gaul" + }, + { + "id": 6034, + "la": "CumhisHaeduoseorumqueclientessemelatqueiterumarmiscontendisse;magnamcalamitatempulsosaccepisse,omnemnobilitatem,omnemsenatum,omnemequitatumamisisse", + "en": "that with these the Aedui and their dependents had repeatedly struggled in arms-that they had been routed, and had sustained a great calamity-had lost all their nobility, all their senate, all their cavalry" + }, + { + "id": 6035, + "la": "Quibusproeliiscalamitatibusquefractos,quietsuavirtuteetpopuliRomanihospitioatqueamicitiaplurimumanteinGalliapotuissent,coactosesseSequanisobsidesdarenobilissimoscivitatisetiureiurandocivitatemobstringeresesenequeobsidesrepetiturosnequeauxiliumapopuloRomanoimploraturosnequerecusaturosquominusperpetuosubillorumdicioneatqueimperioessent", + "en": "And that broken by such engagements and calamities, although they had formerly been very powerful in Gaul, both from their own valor and from the Roman people's hospitality and friendship, they were now compelled to give the chief nobles of their state, as hostages to the Sequani, and to bind their state by an oath, that they would neither demand hostages in return, nor supplicate aid from the Roman people, nor refuse to be forever under their sway and empire" + }, + { + "id": 6036, + "la": "UnumseesseexomnicivitateHaeduorumquiadducinonpotueritutiuraretautliberossuosobsidesdaret", + "en": "That he was the only one out of all the state of the Aedui, who could not be prevailed upon to take the oath or to give his children as hostages." + }, + { + "id": 6037, + "la": "ObeamremseexcivitateprofugisseetRomamadsenatumvenisseauxiliumpostulatum,quodsolusnequeiureiurandonequeobsidibusteneretur", + "en": "On that account he had fled from his state and had gone to the senate atRometo beseech aid, as he alone was bound neither by oath nor hostages." + }, + { + "id": 6038, + "la": "SedpeiusvictoribusSequanisquamHaeduisvictisaccidisse,proptereaquodAriovistus,rexGermanorum,ineorumfinibusconsedissettertiamquepartemagriSequani,quiessetoptimustotiusGalliae,occupavissetetnuncdealterapartetertiaSequanosdecedereiuberet,proptereaquodpaucismensibusanteHarudummiliahominumXXIIIIadeumvenissent,quibuslocusacsedespararentur", + "en": "But a worse thing had befallen the victorious Sequani than the vanquished Aedui, for Ariovistus the king of the Germans, had settled in their territories, and had seized upon a third of their land, which was the best in the whole of Gaul, and was now ordering them to depart from another third part, because a few months previously 24,000 men of the Harudes had come to him, for whom room and settlements must be provided." + }, + { + "id": 6039, + "la": "FuturumessepaucisannisutiomnesexGalliaefinibuspellerenturatqueomnesGermaniRhenumtransirent;nequeenimconferendumesseGallicumcumGermanorumagronequehancconsuetudinemvictuscumillacomparandam", + "en": "The consequence would be, that in a few years they would all be driven from the territories of Gaul, and all the Germans would cross theRhine; for neither must the land of Gaul be compared with the land of the Germans, nor must the habit of living of the latter be put on a level with that of the former." + }, + { + "id": 6040, + "la": "Ariovistumautem,utsemelGallorumcopiasproeliovicerit,quodproeliumfactumsitadMagetobrigam,superbeetcrudeliterimperare,obsidesnobilissimicuiusqueliberosposcereetineosomniaexemplacruciatusqueedere,siquaresnonadnutumautadvoluntatemeiusfactasit", + "en": "Moreover, [as for] Ariovistus, no sooner did he defeat the forces of the Gauls in a battle which took place atMagetobria, than [he began] to lord it haughtily and cruelly, to demand as hostages the children of all the principal nobles, and wreak on them every kind of cruelty, if every thing was not done at his nod or pleasure" + }, + { + "id": 6041, + "la": "Hominemessebarbarum,iracundum,temerarium:nonposseeiusimperia,diutiussustineri", + "en": "that he was a savage, passionate, and reckless man, and that his commands could no longer be borne" + }, + { + "id": 6042, + "la": "NisiquidinCaesarepopuloqueRomanositauxilii,omnibusGallisidemessefaciendumquodHelvetiifecerint,utdomoemigrent,aliuddomicilium,aliassedes,remotasaGermanis,petantfortunamque,quaecumqueaccidat,experiantur.HaecsienuntiataAriovistosint,nondubitarequindeomnibusobsidibusquiapudeumsintgravissimumsuppliciumsumat", + "en": "Unless there was some aid in Caesar and the Roman people, the Gauls must all do the same thing that the Helvetii have done, [viz.] emigrate from their country, and seek another dwelling place, other settlements remote from the Germans, and try whatever fortune may fall to their lot. If these things were to be disclosed to Ariovistus, [Divitiacus adds] that he doubts not that he would inflict the most severe punishment on all the hostages who are in his possession," + }, + { + "id": 6043, + "la": "CaesaremvelauctoritatesuaatqueexercitusvelrecentivictoriavelnominepopuliRomanideterrerepossenemaiormultitudoGermanorumRhenumtraducatur,GalliamqueomnemabAriovistiiniuriapossedefendere", + "en": "that Caesar could, either by his own influence and by that of his army, or by his late victory, or by name of the Roman people, intimidate him, so as to prevent a greater number of Germans being brought over theRhine, and could protect all Gaul from the outrages of Ariovistus." + }, + { + "id": 6044, + "la": "HacorationeabDiviciacohabitaomnesquiaderantmagnofletuauxiliumaCaesarepeterecoeperunt", + "en": "When this speech had been delivered by Divitiacus, all who were present began with loud lamentation to entreat assistance of Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 6045, + "la": "AnimadvertitCaesarunosexomnibusSequanosnihilearumrerumfacerequasceterifacerentsedtristescapitedemissoterramintueri.Eiusreiquaecausaessetmiratusexipsisquaesiit", + "en": "Caesar noticed that the Sequani were the only people of all who did none of those things which the others did, but, with their heads bowed down, gazed on the earth in sadness. Wondering what was the reason of this conduct, he inquired of themselves." + }, + { + "id": 6046, + "la": "NihilSequanirespondere,sedineademtristitiatacitipermanere.Cumabhissaepiusquaereretnequeullamomninovocemexprimereposset,idemDiviacusHaeduusrespondit:", + "en": "No reply did the Sequani make, but silently continued in the same sadness. When he had repeatedly inquired of them and could not elicit any answer at all, the same Divitiacus the Aeduan answered" + }, + { + "id": 6047, + "la": "hocessemiserioremetgravioremfortunamSequanorumquamreliquorum,quodsolineinoccultoquidemquerinequeauxiliumimplorareauderentabsentisqueAriovisticrudelitatem,", + "en": "that-\"the lot of the Sequani was more wretched and grievous than that of the rest, on this account, because they alone durst not even in secret complain or supplicate aid; and shuddered at the cruelty of Ariovistus" + }, + { + "id": 6048, + "la": "velutsicoraadesset,horrerent,proptereaquodreliquistamenfugaefacultasdaretur,Sequanisvero,quiintrafinessuosAriovistumrecepissent,quorumoppidaomniainpotestateeiusessent,omnescruciatusessentperferendi", + "en": "[even when] absent, just as if he were present; for, to the rest, despite of every thing there was an opportunity of flight given; but all tortures must be endured by the Sequani, who had admitted Ariovistus within their territories, and whose towns were all in his power.\"" + }, + { + "id": 6049, + "la": "HisrebuscognitisCaesarGallorumanimosverbisconfirmavitpollicitusqueestsibieamremcuraefuturam;magnamsehaberespemetbeneficiosuoetauctoritateadductumAriovistumfineminiuriisfacturum.Hacorationehabita,conciliumdimisit", + "en": "Caesar, on being informed of these things, cheered the minds of the Gauls with his words, and promised that this affair should be an object of his concern, [saying] that he had great hopes that Ariovistus, induced both by his kindness and his power, would put an end to his oppression. After delivering this speech, he dismissed the assembly;" + }, + { + "id": 6050, + "la": "Etsecundumeamultaereseumhortabanturquaresibieamremcogitandametsuscipiendamputaret,inprimisquodHaeduos,fratresconsanguineosquesaepenumeroasenatuappellatos,inservituteatque[in]dicionevidebatGermanorumtenerieorumqueobsidesesseapudAriovistumacSequanosintellegebat;quodintantoimperiopopuliRomaniturpissimumsibietreipublicaeessearbitrabatur", + "en": "and, besides those statements, many circumstances induced him to think that this affair ought to be considered and taken up by him; especially as he saw that the Aedui, styled [as they had been] repeatedly by the senate \"brethren\" and \"kinsmen,\" were held in the thraldom and dominion of the Germans, and understood that their hostages were with Ariovistus and the Sequani, which in so mighty an empire [as that] of the Roman people he considered very disgraceful to himself and the republic." + }, + { + "id": 6051, + "la": "PaulatimautemGermanosconsuescereRhenumtransireetinGalliammagnameorummultitudinemvenirepopuloRomanopericulosumvidebat,nequesibihominesferosacbarbarostemperaturosexistimabatquin,cumomnemGalliamoccupavissent,utanteCimbriTeutoniquefecissent,inprovinciamexirentatqueindeinItaliamcontenderent[,praesertimcumSequanosaprovincianostraRhodanusdivideret];quibusrebusquammaturrimeoccurrendumputabat", + "en": "That, moreover, the Germans should by degrees become accustomed to cross theRhine, and that a great body of them should come into Gaul, he saw [would be] dangerous to the Roman people, and judged, that wild and savage men would not be likely to restrain themselves, after they had possessed themselves of all Gaul, from going forth into the province and thence marching into Italy (as the Cimbri and Teutones had done before them), particularly as theRhone[was the sole barrier that] separated the Sequani from our province. Against which events he thought he ought to provide as speedily as possible." + }, + { + "id": 6052, + "la": "IpseautemAriovistustantossibispiritus,tantamarrogantiamsumpserat,utferendusnonvideretur", + "en": "Moreover, Ariovistus, for his part, had assumed to himself such pride and arrogance, that he was felt to be quite insufferable." + }, + { + "id": 6053, + "la": "QuamobremplacuiteiutadAriovistumlegatosmitteret,quiabeopostularentutialiquemlocummediumutrisqueconloquiodeligeret:vellesesederepublicaetsummisutriusquerebuscumeoagere", + "en": "He therefore determined to send embassadors to Ariovistus to demand of him to name some intermediate spot for a conference between the two, [saying] that he wished to treat him on state-business and matters of the highest importance to both of them." + }, + { + "id": 6054, + "la": "EilegationiAriovistusrespondit:siquidipsiaCaesareopusesset,seseadeumventurumfuisse;siquidillesevelit,illumadsevenireoportere", + "en": "To this embassy Ariovistus replied, that if he himself had had need of any thing from Caesar, he would have gone to him; and that if Caesar wanted any thing from him he ought to come to him" + }, + { + "id": 6055, + "la": "PraetereasenequesineexercituineaspartesGalliaevenireauderequasCaesarpossideret,nequeexercitumsinemagnocommeatuatquemolimentoinunumlocumcontrahereposse", + "en": "That, besides, neither dare he go without an army into those parts of Gaul which Caesar had possession of, nor could he, without great expense and trouble, draw his army together to one place" + }, + { + "id": 6056, + "la": "SibiautemmirumvideriquidinsuaGallia,quambellovicisset,autCaesariautomninopopuloRomanonegotiiesset", + "en": "that to him, moreover, it appeared strange, what business either Caesar or the Roman people at all had in his own Gaul, which he had conquered in war." + }, + { + "id": 6057, + "la": "HisresponsisadCaesaremrelatis,iterumadeumCaesarlegatoscumhismandatismittit:", + "en": "When these answers were reported to Caesar, he sends embassadors to him a second time with this message." + }, + { + "id": 6058, + "la": "quoniamtantosuopopuliqueRomanibeneficioadfectus,cuminconsulatusuorexatqueamicusasenatuappellatusesset,hancsibipopuloqueRomanogratiamreferretutinconloquiumvenireinvitatusgravareturnequedecommuniredicendumsibietcognoscendumputaret,haecessequaeabeopostularet:", + "en": "Since, after having been treated with so much kindness by himself and the Roman people (as he had in his consulship been styled 'king and friend' by the senate [59 B.C.]), he makes this recompense to [Caesar] himself and the Roman people, [viz.] that when invited to a conference he demurs, and does not think that it concerns him to advise and inform himself about an object of mutual interest, these are the things which he requires of him" + }, + { + "id": 6059, + "la": "primumnequammultitudinemhominumampliustransRhenuminGalliamtraduceret;deindeobsidesquoshaberetabHaeduisredderetSequanisquepermitteretutquosillihaberentvoluntateeiusreddereillisliceret;neveHaeduosiniurialacesseretnevehissociisqueeorumbelluminferret", + "en": "first, that he do not any more bring over any body of men across theRhineinto Gaul; in the next place, that he restore the hostages, which he has from the Aedui, and grant the Sequani permission to restore to them with his consent those hostages which they have, and that he neither provoke the Aedui by outrage nor make war upon them or their allies" + }, + { + "id": 6060, + "la": "Si[id]itafecisset,sibipopuloqueRomanoperpetuamgratiamatqueamicitiamcumeofuturam;sinonimpetraret,sese,quoniamM.Messala,M.PisoneconsulibussenatuscensuissetutiquicumqueGalliamprovinciamobtineret,quodcommodoreipublicaelacereposset,HaeduosceterosqueamicospopuliRomanidefenderet,seHaeduoruminiuriasnonneglecturum", + "en": "if he would accordingly do this,\" [Caesar says] that \"he himself and the Roman people will entertain a perpetual feeling of favor and friendship toward him; but that if he [Caesar] does not obtain [his desires] that he (forasmuch as in the consulship of Marcus Messala and Marcus Piso [61 B.C.] the senate had decreed that, whoever should have the administration of the province of Gaul should, as far as he could do so consistently with the interests of the republic, protect the Aedui and the other friends of the Roman people), will not overlook the wrongs of the Aedui.\"" + }, + { + "id": 6061, + "la": "AdhaecAriovistusrespondit:iusessebelliutquivicissentiisquosvicissentquemadmodumvellentimperarent.ItempopulumRomanumvictisnonadalteriuspraescriptum,sedadsuumarbitriumimperareconsuesse", + "en": "To this Ariovistus replied, that \"the right of war was, that they who had conquered should govern those whom they had conquered, in what manner they pleased; that in that way the Roman people were wont to govern the nations which they had conquered, not according to the dictation of any other, but according to their own discretion" + }, + { + "id": 6062, + "la": "SiipsepopuloRomanononpraescriberetquemadmodumsuoiureuteretur,nonoportereseapopuloRomanoinsuoiureimpediri", + "en": "If he for his part did not dictate to the Roman people as to the manner in which they were to exercise their right, he ought not to be obstructed by the Roman people in his right" + }, + { + "id": 6063, + "la": "Haeduossibi,quoniambellifortunamtemptassentetarmiscongressiacsuperatiessent,stipendiariosessefactos", + "en": "that the Aedui, inasmuch as they had tried the fortune of war and had engaged in arms and been conquered, had become tributaries to him" + }, + { + "id": 6064, + "la": "MagnamCaesareminiuriamfacere,quisuoadventuvectigaliasibideteriorafaceret", + "en": "that Caesar was doing a great injustice, in that by his arrival he was making his revenues less valuable to him" + }, + { + "id": 6065, + "la": "Haeduisseobsidesredditurumnonessenequehisnequeeorumsociisiniuriabelluminlaturum,siineomanerentquodconvenissetstipendiumquequotannispenderent;siidnonfecissent,longeiisfraternumnomenpopuliRomaniafuturum", + "en": "that he should not restore their hostages to the Aedui, but should not make war wrongfully either upon them or their allies, if they abided by that which had been agreed on, and paid their tribute annually: if they did not continue to do that, the Roman people's name of 'brothers' would avail them naught" + }, + { + "id": 6066, + "la": "QuodsibiCaesardenuntiaretseHaeduoruminiuriasnonneglecturum,neminemsecumsinesuaperniciecontendisse", + "en": "As to Caesar's threatening him, that he would not overlook the wrongs of the Aedui, [he said] that no one had ever entered into a contest with him [Ariovistus] without utter ruin to himself" + }, + { + "id": 6067, + "la": "Cumvellet,congrederetur:intellecturumquidinvictiGermani,exercitatissimiinarmis,quiinterannosXIIIItectumnonsubissent,virtutepossent", + "en": "That Caesar might enter the lists when he chose; he would feel what the invincible Germans, well-trained [as they were] beyond all others to arms, who for fourteen years had not been beneath a roof, could achieve by their valor." + }, + { + "id": 6068, + "la": "HaeceodemtemporeCaesarimandatareferebanturetlegatiabHaeduisetaTreverisveniebant:", + "en": "At the same time that this message was delivered to Caesar, embassadors came from the Aedui and theTreviri" + }, + { + "id": 6069, + "la": "HaeduiquestumquodHarudes,quinuperinGalliamtransportatiessent,fineseorumpopularentur:seseneobsidibusquidemdatispacemAriovistiredimerepotuisse;", + "en": "from the Aedui to complain that the Harudes, who had lately been brought over into Gaul, were ravaging their territories; that they had not been able to purchase peace from Ariovistus, even by giving hostages" + }, + { + "id": 6070, + "la": "Treveriautem,pagoscentumSueborumadripasRheniconsedisse,quiRhemumtransireconarentur;hispraeesseNasuametCimberiumfratres.QuibusrebusCaesarvehementercommotusmaturandumsibiexistimavit,ne,sinovamanusSueborumcumveteribuscopiisAriovistiseseconiunxisset,minusfacileresistiposset", + "en": "and from theTreviri, [to state] that a hundred cantons of the Suevi had encamped on the banks of theRhine, and were attempting to cross it; that the brothers, Nasuas and Cimberius, headed them. Being greatly alarmed at these things, Caesar thought that he ought to use all dispatch, lest, if this new band of Suevi should unite with the old troops of Ariovistus, he [Ariovistus] might be less easily withstood." + }, + { + "id": 6071, + "la": "ItaquerefrumentariaquamcelerrimepotuitcomparatamagnisitineribusadAriovistumcontendit", + "en": "Having therefore, as quickly as he could, provided a supply of corn, he hastened to Ariovistus by forced marches." + }, + { + "id": 6072, + "la": "Cumtriduiviamprocessisset,nuntiatumesteiAriovistumcumsuisomnibuscopiisadoccupandumVesontionem,quodestoppidummaximumSequanorum,contendere[triduiqueviamasuisfinibusprocessisse].Idneaccideret,magnoperesibipraecavendumCaesarexistimabat.Namqueomniumrerumquaeadbellumusuierantsummaeratineooppidofacultas,", + "en": "hen he had proceeded three days' journey, word was brought to him that Ariovistus was hastening with all his forces to seize onVesontio, which is the largest town of the Sequani, and had advanced three days' journey from its territories. Caesar thought that he ought to take the greatest precautions lest this should happen, for there was in that town a most ample supply of every thing which was serviceable for war" + }, + { + "id": 6073, + "la": "idquenaturalocisicmuniebaturutmagnamadducendumbellumdaretfacultatem,proptereaquodflumen[alduas]Dubisutcircinocircumductumpaenetotumoppidumcingit,", + "en": "and so fortified was it by the nature of the ground, as to afford a great facility for protracting the war, inasmuch as the riverDoubsalmost surrounds the whole town, as though it were traced round it with a pair of compasses" + }, + { + "id": 6074, + "la": "reliquumspatium,quodestnonampliuspedumMDC,quaflumenintermittit,monscontinetmagnaaltitudine,itautradiceseiusmontisexutraqueparteripaefluminiscontingant,", + "en": "A mountain of great height shuts in the remaining space, which is not more than 600 feet, where the river leaves a gap, in such a manner that the roots of that mountain extend to the river's bank on either side" + }, + { + "id": 6075, + "la": "huncmuruscircumdatusarcemefficitetcumoppidoconiungit", + "en": "A wall thrown around it makes a citadel of this [mountain], and connects it with the town" + }, + { + "id": 6076, + "la": "HucCaesarmagnisnocturnisdiurnisqueitineribuscontenditoccupatoqueoppidoibipraesidiumconlocat", + "en": "Hither Caesar hastens by forced marches by night and day, and, after having seized the town, stations a garrison there" + }, + { + "id": 6077, + "la": "DumpaucosdiesadVesontionemreifrumentariaecommeatusquecausamoratur,expercontationenostrorumvocibusqueGallorumacmercatorum,quiingentimagnitudinecorporumGermanos,incredibilivirtuteatqueexercitationeinarmisessepraedicabant(saepenumerosesecumhiscongressosnevultumquidematqueaciemoculorumdicebantferrepotuisse),tantussubitotimoromnemexercitumoccupavitutnonmediocriteromniummentesanimosqueperturbaret", + "en": "While he is tarrying a few days atVesontio, on account of corn and provisions; from the inquiries of our men and the reports of the Gauls and traders (who asserted that the Germans were men of huge stature, of incredible valor and practice in arms-that oftentimes they, on encountering them, could not bear even their countenance, and the fierceness of their eyes)-so great a panic on a sudden seized the whole army, as to discompose the minds and spirits of all in no slight degree" + }, + { + "id": 6078, + "la": "Hicprimumortusestatribunismilitum,praefectis,reliquisquequiexurbeamicitiaecausaCaesaremsecutinonmagnuminremilitariusumhabebant:", + "en": "This first arose from the tribunes of the soldiers, the prefects and the rest, who, having followed Caesar from the city [Rome] from motives of friendship, had no great experience in military affairs. And alleging," + }, + { + "id": 6079, + "la": "quorumaliusaliacausainlata,quamsibiadproficiscendumnecessariamessediceret,petebatuteiusvoluntatediscedereliceret;nonnullipudoreadducti,uttimorissuspicionemvitarent,remanebant", + "en": "some of them one reason, some another, which they said made it necessary for them to depart, they requested that by his consent they might be allowed to withdraw; some, influenced by shame, stayed behind in order that they might avoid the suspicion of cowardice." + }, + { + "id": 6080, + "la": "Hinequevultumfingerenequeinterdumlacrimastenerepoterant:abditiintabernaculisautsuumfatumquerebanturautcumfamiliaribussuiscommunepericulummiserabantur.Vulgototiscastristestamentaobsignabantur", + "en": "These could neither compose their countenance, nor even sometimes check their tears: but hidden in their tents, either bewailed their fate, or deplored with their comrades the general danger. Wills were sealed universally throughout the whole camp" + }, + { + "id": 6081, + "la": "Horumvocibusactimorepaulatimetiamiiquimagnumincastrisusumhabebant,militescenturionesquequiqueequitatuipraeerant,perturbabantur", + "en": "By the expressions and cowardice of these men, even those who possessed great experience in the camp, both soldiers and centurions, and those [the decurions] who were in command of the cavalry, were gradually disconcerted" + }, + { + "id": 6082, + "la": "Quiseexhisminustimidosexistimarivolebant,nonsehostemvereri,sedangustiasitinerisetmagnitudinemsilvarumquaeintercederentinteripsosatqueAriovistum,autremfrumentariam,utsatiscommodesupportariposset,timeredicebant", + "en": "Such of them as wished to be considered less alarmed, said that they did not dread the enemy, but feared the narrowness of the roads and the vastness of the forests which lay between them and Ariovistus, or else that the supplies could not be brought up readily enough" + }, + { + "id": 6083, + "la": "NonnullietiamCaesarinuntiabant,cumcastramoveriacsignaferriiussisset,nonforedictoaudientesmilitesnequeproptertimoremsignalaturos", + "en": "Some even declared to Caesar, that when he gave orders for the camp to be moved and the troops to advance, the soldiers would not be obedient to the command, nor advance in consequence of their fear." + }, + { + "id": 6084, + "la": "Haeccumanimadvertisset,convocatoconsilioomniumqueordinumadidconsiliumadhibitiscenturionibus,vehementereosincusavit:primum,quodautquaminpartemautquoconsilioducerentursibiquaerendumautcogitandumputarent", + "en": "When Caesar observed these things, having called a council, and summoned to it the centurions of all the companies, he severely reprimanded them, \"particularly, for supposing that it belonged to them to inquire or conjecture, either in what direction they were marching, or with what object." + }, + { + "id": 6085, + "la": "AriovistumseconsulecupidissimepopuliRomaniamicitiamadpetisse;curhunctamtemerequisquamabofficiodiscessurumiudicaret?", + "en": "That Ariovistus, during his [Caesar's] consulship [59 B.C.], had most anxiously sought after the friendship of the Roman people; why should any one judge that he would so rashly depart from his duty?" + }, + { + "id": 6086, + "la": "SibiquidempersuadericognitissuispostulatisatqueaequitatecondicionumperspectaeumnequesuamnequepopuliRomanigratiamrepudiaturum", + "en": "He for his part was persuaded, that, when his demands were known and the fairness of the terms considered, he would reject neither his nor the Roman people's favor." + }, + { + "id": 6087, + "la": "Quodsifuroreatqueamentiaimpulsumbellumintulisset,quidtandemvererentur?Autcurdesuavirtuteautdeipsiusdiligentiadesperarent?", + "en": "But even if, driven on by rage and madness, he should make war upon them, what after all were they afraid of?-or why should they despair either of their own valor or of his zeal?" + }, + { + "id": 6088, + "la": "FactumeiushostispericulumpatrumnostrorummemoriaCimbrisetTeutonisaC.Mariopulsis[cumnonminoremlaudemexercitusquamipseimperatormeritusvidebatur];factumetiamnuperinItaliaservilitumultu,quostamenaliquidususacdisciplina,quamanobisaccepissent,sublevarint", + "en": "Of that enemy a trial had been made within our fathers' recollection, when, on the defeat of the Cimbri and Teutones by Caius Marius, the army was regarded as having deserved no less praise than their commander himself. It had been made lately, too, in Italy, during the rebellion of the slaves, whom, however, the experience and training which they had received from us, assisted in some respect." + }, + { + "id": 6089, + "la": "Exquoiudicaripossequantumhaberetinseboniconstantia,proptereaquodquosaliquamdiuinermessinecausatimuissenthosposteaarmatosacvictoressuperassent", + "en": "From which a judgment might be formed of the advantages which resolution carries with it inasmuch as those whom for some time they had groundlessly dreaded when unarmed, they had afterward vanquished, when well armed and flushed with success." + }, + { + "id": 6090, + "la": "DeniquehosesseeosdemGermanosquibuscumsaepenumeroHelvetiicongressinonsoluminsuissedetiaminillorumfinibusplerumquesuperarint,quitamenparesessenostroexercituinonpotuerint", + "en": "In short, that these were the same men whom the Helvetii, in frequent encounters, not only in their own territories, but also in theirs [the German], have generally vanquished, and yet can not have been a match for our army" + }, + { + "id": 6091, + "la": "SiquosadversumproeliumetfugaGallorumcommoveret,hos,siquaererent,reperirepossediuturnitatebellidefatigatisGallisAriovistum,cummultosmensescastrisseacpaludibustenuissetnequesuipotestatemfecisset,desperantesiamdepugnaetdispersossubitoadortummagisrationeetconsilioquamvirtutevicisse", + "en": "If the unsuccessful battle and flight of the Gauls disquieted any, these, if they made inquiries, might discover that, when the Gauls had been tired out by the long duration of the war, Ariovistus, after he had many months kept himself in his camp and in the marshes, and had given no opportunity for an engagement, fell suddenly upon them, by this time despairing of a battle and scattered in all directions, and was victorious more through stratagem and cunning than valor" + }, + { + "id": 6092, + "la": "Cuirationicontrahominesbarbarosatqueimperitoslocusfuisset,hacneipsumquidemsperarenostrosexercituscapiposse", + "en": "But though there had been room for such stratagem against savage and unskilled men, not even [Ariovistus] himself expected that thereby our armies could be entrapped" + }, + { + "id": 6093, + "la": "Quisuumtimoreminreifrumentariaesimulationemangustiasqueitinerisconferrent,facerearroganter,cumautdeofficioimperatorisdesperareautpraescribereviderentur", + "en": "That those who ascribed their fear to a pretense about the [deficiency of] supplies and the narrowness of the roads, acted presumptuously, as they seemed either to distrust their general's discharge of his duty, or to dictate to him" + }, + { + "id": 6094, + "la": "Haecsibiessecurae;frumentumSequanos,Leucos,Lingonessubministrare,iamqueesseinagrisfrumentamatura;deitinereipsosbrevitemporeiudicaturos", + "en": "That these things were his concern; that the Sequani, the Leuci, and theLingoneswere to furnish the corn; and that it was already ripe in the fields; that as to the road they would soon be able to judge for themselves." + }, + { + "id": 6095, + "la": "Quodnonforedictoaudientesnequesignalaturidicantur,nihilseearecommoveri:scireenim,quibuscumqueexercitusdictoaudiensnonfuerit,autmaleregestafortunamdefuisseautaliquofacinorecompertoavaritiamesseconvictam", + "en": "As to its being reported that the soldiers would not be obedient to command, or advance, he was not at all disturbed at that; for he knew, that in the case of all those whose army had not been obedient to command, either upon some mismanagement of an affair, fortune had deserted them, or, that upon some crime being discovered, covetousness had been clearly proved [against them]" + }, + { + "id": 6096, + "la": "Suaminnocentiamperpetuavita,felicitatemHelvetiorumbelloesseperspectam", + "en": "His integrity had been seen throughout his whole life, his good fortune in the war with the Helvetii." + }, + { + "id": 6097, + "la": "Itaquesequodinlongioremdiemconlaturusfuissetrepraesentaturumetproximanoctedequarta,vigiliacastramoturum,utquamprimumintellegerepossetutrumapudeospudoratqueofficiumantimorplusvaleret", + "en": "That he would therefore instantly set about what he had intended to put off till a more distant day, and would break up his camp the next night, in the fourth watch, that he might ascertain, as soon as possible, whether a sense of honor and duty, or whether fear had more influence with them" + }, + { + "id": 6098, + "la": "Quodsipraetereanemosequatur,tamensecumsoladecimalegioneiturum,dequanondubitet,sibiqueeampraetoriamcohortemfuturam.HuiclegioniCaesaretindulseratpraecipueetproptervirtutemconfidebatmaxime", + "en": "But that, if no one else should follow, yet he would go with only the tenth legion, of which he had no misgivings, and it should be his praetorian cohort.\" This legion Caesar had both greatly favored, and in it, on account of its valor, placed the greatest confidence." + }, + { + "id": 6099, + "la": "Hacorationehabitamiruminmodumconversaesuntomniummentessummaquealacritasetcupiditasbelligerendiinnataest,", + "en": "Upon the delivery of this speech, the minds of all were changed in a surprising manner, and the highest ardor and eagerness for prosecuting the war were engendered" + }, + { + "id": 6100, + "la": "princepsqueX.legiopertribunosmilitumeigratiasegitquoddeseoptimumiudiciumfecisset,sequeesseadbellumgerendumparatissimamconfirmavit", + "en": "and the tenth legion was the first to return thanks to him, through their military tribunes, for his having expressed this most favorable opinion of them; and assured him that they were quite ready to prosecute the war" + }, + { + "id": 6101, + "la": "DeindereliquaelegionescumtribunismilitumetprimorumordinumcenturionibusegeruntutiCaesarisatisfacerent:senequeumquamdubitassenequetimuissenequedesummabellisuumiudiciumsedimperatorisesseexistimavisse", + "en": "Then, the other legions endeavored, through their military tribunes and the centurions of the principal companies, to excuse themselves to Caesar, [saying] that they had never either doubted or feared, or supposed that the determination of the conduct of the war was theirs and not their general's" + }, + { + "id": 6102, + "la": "EorumsatisfactioneacceptaetitinereexquisitoperDiviciacum,quodexGalliseimaximamfidemhabebat,utmiliumampliusquinquagintacircuitulocisapertisexercitumduceret,dequartavigilia,utdixerat,profectusest", + "en": "Having accepted their excuse, and having had the road carefully reconnoitered by Divitiacus, because in him of all others he had the greatest faith [he found] that by a circuitous route of more than fifty miles he might lead his army through open parts; he then set out in the fourth watch, as he had said [he would]" + }, + { + "id": 6103, + "la": "Septimodie,cumiternonintermitteret,abexploratoribuscertiorfactusestAriovisticopiasanostrismiliapassuumIIIIetXXabesse", + "en": "On the seventh day, as he did not discontinue his march, he was informed by scouts that the forces of Ariovistus were only four and twenty miles distant from ours" + }, + { + "id": 6104, + "la": "CognitoCaesarisadventuAriovistuslegatosadeummittit:quodanteadeconloquiopostulasset,idpersefierilicere,quoniampropiusaccessissetsequeidsinepericulofacereposseexistimaret", + "en": "Upon being apprized of Caesar's arrival, Ariovistus sends embassadors to him, [saying] that what he had before requested as to a conference, might now, as far as his permission went, take place, since he [Caesar] had approached nearer, and he considered that he might now do it without danger." + }, + { + "id": 6105, + "la": "NonrespuitcondicionemCaesariamqueeumadsanitatemrevertiarbitrabatur,cumidquodanteapetentidenegassetultropolliceretur,", + "en": "Caesar did not reject the proposal and began to think that he was now returning to a rational state of mind as he spontaneously proffered that which he had previously refused to him when requesting it" + }, + { + "id": 6106, + "la": "magnamqueinspemveniebatprosuistantispopuliqueRomaniineumbeneficiiscognitissuispostulatisforeutipertinaciadesisteret", + "en": "and was in great hopes that, in consideration of his own and the Roman people's great favors toward him, the issue would be that he would desist from his obstinacy upon his demands being made known" + }, + { + "id": 6107, + "la": "Diesconloquiodictusestexeodiequintus", + "en": "The fifth day after that was appointed as the day of conference." + }, + { + "id": 6108, + "la": "Interimsaepecumlegatiultrocitroqueintereosmitterentur,AriovistuspostulavitnequempeditemadconloquiumCaesaradduceret:vereriseneperinsidiasabeocircumveniretur;uterquecumequitatuveniret:aliarationesesenonesseventurum", + "en": "Meanwhile, as ambassadors were being often sent to and fro between them, Ariovistus demanded that Caesar should not bring any foot-soldier with him to the conference, [saying] that \"he was afraid of being ensnared by him through treachery; that both should come accompanied by cavalry; that he would not come on any other condition.\"" + }, + { + "id": 6109, + "la": "Caesar,quodnequeconloquiuminterpositacausatollivolebatnequesalutemsuamGallorumequitatuicommittereaudebat,commodissimumessestatuitomnibusequisGallisequitibusdetractiseolegionariosmiliteslegionisX.,cuiquammaximeconfidebat,imponere,utpraesidiumquamamicissimum,siquidopusfactoesset,haberet", + "en": "Caesar, as he neither wished that the conference should, by an excuse thrown in the way, be set aside, nor durst trust his life to the cavalry of the Gauls, decided that it would be most expedient to take away from the Gallic cavalry all their horses, and thereon to mount the legionary soldiers of the tenth legion, in which he placed the greatest confidence, in order that he might have a body-guard as trustworthy as possible, should there be any need for action." + }, + { + "id": 6110, + "la": "Quodcumfieret,noninridiculequidamexmilitibusX.legionisdixit:plusquampollicitusessetCaesaremfacere;pollicitumseincohortispraetoriaelocoX.legionemhabiturumadequumrescribere", + "en": "And when this was done, one of the soldiers of the tenth legion said, not without a touch of humor, \"that Caesar did more for them than he had promised; he had promised to have the tenth legion in place of his praetorian cohort; but he now converted them into horse.\"" + }, + { + "id": 6111, + "la": "Planitieseratmagnaetineatumulusterrenussatisgrandis.HiclocusaequumferespatiumacastrisAriovistietCaesarisaberat.Eo,uteratdictum,adconloquiumvenerunt", + "en": "There was a large plain, and in it a mound of earth of considerable size. This spot was at nearly an equal distance from both camps. Thither, as had been appointed, they came for the conference." + }, + { + "id": 6112, + "la": "LegionemCaesar,quamequisdevexerat,passibusCCabeotumuloconstituit.ItemequitesAriovistipariintervalloconstiterunt", + "en": "Caesar stationed the legion, which he had brought [with him] on horseback, 200 paces from this mound. The cavalry of Ariovistus also took their stand at an equal distance." + }, + { + "id": 6113, + "la": "Ariovistusexequisutconloquerenturetpraetersedenosadconloquiumadducerentpostulavit", + "en": "Ariovistus then demanded that they should confer on horseback, and that, besides themselves, they should bring with them ten men each to the conference." + }, + { + "id": 6114, + "la": "Ubieoventumest,Caesarinitioorationissuasenatusqueineumbeneficiacommemoravit,quodrexappellatusessetasenatu,quodamicus,quodmuneraamplissimemissa;quamremetpauciscontigisseetpromagnishominumofficiisconsuessetribuidocebat;", + "en": "When they were come to the place, Caesar, in the opening of his speech, detailed his own and the senate's favors toward him [Ariovistus], in that he had been styled king, in that [he had been styled] friend, by the senate-in that very considerable presents had been sent him; which circumstance he informed him had both fallen to the lot of few, and had usually been bestowed in consideration of important personal services" + }, + { + "id": 6115, + "la": "illum,cumnequeaditumnequecausampostulandiiustamhaberet,beneficioacliberalitatesuaacsenatuseapraemiaconsecutum", + "en": "that he, although he had neither an introduction, nor a just ground for the request, had obtained these honors through the kindness and munificence of himself [Caesar] and the senate" + }, + { + "id": 6116, + "la": "DocebatetiamquamveteresquamqueiustaecausaenecessitudinisipsiscumHaeduisintercederent,", + "en": "He informed him too, how old and how just were the grounds of connection that existed between themselves [the Romans] and the Aedui," + }, + { + "id": 6117, + "la": "quaesenatusconsultaquotiensquamquehonorificaineosfactaessent,utomnitemporetotiusGalliaeprincipatumHaeduitenuissent,priusetiamquamnostramamicitiamadpetissent", + "en": "what decrees of the senate had been passed in their favor, and how frequent and how honorable; how from time immemorial the Aedui had held the supremacy of the whole of Gaul; even [said Caesar] before they had sought our friendship;" + }, + { + "id": 6118, + "la": "PopuliRomanihancesseconsuetudinem,utsociosatqueamicosnonmodosuinihildeperdere,sedgratia,dignitate,honoreauctioresvelitesse;quodveroadamicitiampopuliRomaniattulissent,idiiseripiquispatiposset?", + "en": "that it was the custom of the Roman people to desire not only that its allies and friends should lose none of their property, but be advanced in influence, dignity, and honor: who then could endure that what they had brought with them to the friendship of the Roman people should be torn from them?\"" + }, + { + "id": 6119, + "la": "Postulavitdeindeeademquaelegatisinmandatisdederat:neautHaeduisauteorumsociisbelluminferret,obsidesredderet,sinullampartemGermanorumdomumremittereposset,atnequosampliusRhenumtransirepateretur", + "en": "He then made the same demands which he had commissioned the embassadors to make, that [Ariovistus] should not make war either upon the Aedui or their allies, that he should restore the hostages; that if he could not send back to their country any part of the Germans, he should at all events suffer none of them any more to cross theRhine." + }, + { + "id": 6120, + "la": "AriovistusadpostulataCaesarispaucarespondit,desuisvirtutibusmultapraedicavit:", + "en": "Ariovistus briefly replied to the demands of Caesar; but expatiated largely on his own virtues," + }, + { + "id": 6121, + "la": "transisseRhenumsesenonsuasponte,sedrogatumetarcessitumaGallis;nonsinemagnaspemagnisquepraemiisdomumpropinquosquereliquisse;sedeshabereinGalliaabipsisconcessas,obsidesipsorumvoluntatedatos;stipendiumcapereiurebelli,quodvictoresvictisimponereconsuerint", + "en": "\"that he had crossed theRhinenot of his own accord, but on being invited and sent for by the Gauls; that he had not left home and kindred without great expectations and great rewards; that he had settlements in Gaul, granted by the Gauls themselves; that the hostages had been given by their good-will; that he took by right of war the tribute which conquerors are accustomed to impose on the conquered" + }, + { + "id": 6122, + "la": "NonseseGallissedGallossibibellumintulisse:omnesGalliaecivitatesadseoppugnandumvenisseaccontrasecastrahabuisse;easomnescopiasaseunoproeliopulsasacsuperatasesse", + "en": "that he had not made war upon the Gauls, but the Gauls upon him; that all the states of Gaul came to attack him, and had encamped against him; that all their forces had been routed and beaten by him in a single battle;" + }, + { + "id": 6123, + "la": "Siiterumexperirivelint,seiterumparatumessedecertare;sipaceutivelint,iniquumessedestipendiorecusare,quodsuavoluntateadidtempuspependerint", + "en": "that if they chose to make a second trial, he was ready to encounter them again; but if they chose to enjoy peace, it was unfair to refuse the tribute, which of their own free-will they had paid up to that time." + }, + { + "id": 6124, + "la": "AmicitiampopuliRomanisibiornamentoetpraesidio,nondetrimentoesseoportere,atquesehacspepetisse.SiperpopulumRomanumstipendiumremittaturetdediticiisubtrahantur,nonminuslibenterseserecusaturumpopuliRomaniamicitiamquamadpetierit", + "en": "That the friendship of the Roman people ought to prove to him an ornament and a safeguard, not a detriment; and that he sought it with that expectation. But if through the Roman people the tribute was to be discontinued, and those who surrendered to be seduced from him, he would renounce the friendship of the Roman people no less heartily than he had sought it." + }, + { + "id": 6125, + "la": "QuodmultitudinemGermanoruminGalliamtraducat,idsesuimuniendi,nonGalliaeoppugnandaecausafacere;eiusreitestimoniumessequodnisirogatusnonveneritetquodbellumnonintuleritseddefenderit", + "en": "As to his leading over a host of Germans into Gaul, that he was doing this with a view of securing himself, not of assaulting Gaul: that there was evidence of this, in that he did not come without being invited, and in that he did not make war, but merely warded it off" + }, + { + "id": 6126, + "la": "SepriusinGalliamvenissequampopulumRomanum.NumquamantehoctempusexercitumpopuliRomaniGalliaeprovinciaefinibusegressum", + "en": "That he had come into Gaul before the Roman people. That never before this time did a Roman army go beyond the frontiers of the province of Gaul." + }, + { + "id": 6127, + "la": "Quidsibivellet?Curinsuaspossessionesveniret?ProvinciamsuamhancesseGalliam,sicutillamnostram.Utipsiconcedinonoporteret,siinnostrosfinesimpetumfaceret,sicitemnosesseiniquos,quodinsuoiureseinterpellaremus", + "en": "What [said he] does [Caesar] desire?- why come into his [Ariovistus] domains?-that this was his province of Gaul, just as that is ours. As it ought not to be pardoned in him, if he were to make an attack upon our territories; so, likewise, that we were unjust, to obstruct him in his prerogative." + }, + { + "id": 6128, + "la": "QuodfratresasenatuHaeduosappellatosdiceret,nonsetambarbarumnequetamimperitumessererumutnonsciretnequebelloAllobrogumproximoHaeduosRomanisauxiliumtulissenequeipsosiniiscontentionibusquasHaeduisecumetcumSequanishabuissentauxiliopopuliRomaniusosesse", + "en": "As for Caesar's saying that the Aedui had been styled 'brethren' by the senate, he was not so uncivilized nor so ignorant of affairs, as not to know that the Aedui in the very last war with the Allobroges had neither rendered assistance to the Romans, nor received any from the Roman people in the struggles which the Aedui had been maintaining with him and with the Sequani." + }, + { + "id": 6129, + "la": "DeberesesuspicarisimulataCaesaremamicitia,quodexercituminGalliahabeat,suiopprimendicausahabere", + "en": "He must feel suspicious, that Caesar, though feigning friendship as the reason for his keeping an army in Gaul, was keeping it with the view of crushing him" + }, + { + "id": 6130, + "la": "Quinisidecedatatqueexercitumdeducatexhisregionibus,seseillumnonproamicosedprohostehabiturum", + "en": "And that unless he depart and withdraw his army from these parts, he shall regard him not as a friend, but as a foe" + }, + { + "id": 6131, + "la": "Quodsieuminterfecerit,multissesenobilibusprincipibusquepopuliRomanigratumessefacturum(idseabipsispereorumnuntioscompertumhabere),quorumomniumgratiamatqueamicitiameiusmorteredimereposset", + "en": "and that, even if he should put him to death, he should do what would please many of the nobles and leading men of the Roman people; he had assurance of that from themselves through their messengers, and could purchase the favor and the friendship of them all by his [Caesar's] death" + }, + { + "id": 6132, + "la": "QuodsidecessissetetliberampossessionemGalliaesibitradidisset,magnoseillumpraemioremuneraturumetquaecumquebellagerivelletsineulloeiuslaboreetpericuloconfecturum", + "en": "But if he would depart and resign to him the free possession of Gaul, he would recompense him with a great reward, and would bring to a close whatever wars he wished to be carried on, without any trouble or risk to him.\"" + }, + { + "id": 6133, + "la": "MultaaCaesareineamsententiamdictasuntquarenegotiodesisterenonposset:nequesuamnequepopuliRomaniconsuetudinempatiutoptimemeritossociosdesereret,nequeseiudicareGalliampotiusesseAriovistiquampopuliRomani", + "en": "Many things were stated by Caesar to the effect [to show]; \"why he could not waive the business, and that neither his nor the Roman people's practice would suffer him to abandon most meritorious allies, nor did he deem that Gaul belonged to Ariovistus rather than to the Roman people;" + }, + { + "id": 6134, + "la": "BellosuperatosesseArvernosetRutenosaQ.FabioMaximo,quibuspopulusRomanusignovissetnequeinprovinciamredegissetnequestipendiumposuisset", + "en": "that the Arverni and the Ruteni had been subdued in war by Quintus Fabius Maximus, and that the Roman people had pardoned them and had not reduced them into a province or imposed a tribute upon them." + }, + { + "id": 6135, + "la": "Quodsiantiquissimumquodquetempusspectarioporteret,populiRomaniiustissimumesseinGalliaimperium;siiudiciumsenatusobservarioporteret,liberamdebereesseGalliam,quambellovictamsuislegibusutivoluisset", + "en": "And if the most ancient period was to be regarded-then was the sovereignty of the Roman people in Gaul most just: if the decree of the Senate was to be observed, then ought Gaul to be free, which they [the Romans] had conquered in war, and had permitted to enjoy its own laws.\"" + }, + { + "id": 6136, + "la": "Dumhaecinconloquiogeruntur,CaesarinuntiatumestequitesAriovistipropiustumulumaccedereetadnostrosadequitare,lapidestelaqueinnostroscoicere", + "en": "While these things are being transacted in the conference it was announced to Caesar that the cavalry of Ariovistus were approaching nearer the mound, and were riding up to our men, and casting stones and weapons at them." + }, + { + "id": 6137, + "la": "Caesarloquendifinemfecitsequeadsuosrecepitsuisqueimperavitnequodomninoteluminhostesreicerent", + "en": "Caesar made an end of his speech and betook himself to his men; and commanded them that they should by no means return a weapon upon the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 6138, + "la": "Nametsisineullopericulolegionisdelectaecumequitatuproeliumforevidebat,tamencommittendumnonputabatut,pulsishostibus,diciposseteosabseperfideminconloquiocircumventos", + "en": "For though he saw that an engagement with the cavalry would be without any danger to his chosen legion, yet he did not think proper to engage, lest, after the enemy were routed, it might be said that they had been insnared by him under the sanction of a conference" + }, + { + "id": 6139, + "la": "PosteaquaminvulgusmilitumelatumestquaarrogantiainconloquioAriovistusususomniGalliaRomanisinterdixisset,impetumqueinnostroseiusequitesfecissent,eaqueresconloquiumutdiremisset,multomaioralacritasstudiumquepugnandimaiusexercituiiniectumest", + "en": "When it was spread abroad among the common soldiery with what haughtiness Ariovistus had behaved at the conference, and how he had ordered the Romans to quit Gaul, and how his cavalry had made an attack upon our men, and how this had broken off the conference, a much greater alacrity and eagerness for battle was infused into our army." + }, + { + "id": 6140, + "la": "BiduopostAriovistusadCaesaremlegatosmisit:vellesedeiisrebusquaeintereosegicoeptaenequeperfectaeessentagerecumeo:utiautiterumconloquiodiemconstitueretaut,siidminusvellet,exsuislegatisaliquemadsemitteret", + "en": "Two days after, Ariovistus sends embassadors to Caesar, to state \"that he wished to treat with him about those things which had been begun to be treated of between them, but had not been concluded;\" [and to beg] that \"he would either again appoint a day for a conference; or, if he were not willing to do that, that he would send one of his [officers] as an embassador to him." + }, + { + "id": 6141, + "la": "ConloquendiCaesaricausavisanonest,eteomagisquodpridieeiusdieiGermaniretinerinonpotuerantquintelainnostroscoicerent", + "en": "There did not appear to Caesar any good reason for holding a conference; and the more so as the day before the Germans could not be restrained from casting weapons at our men." + }, + { + "id": 6142, + "la": "Legatumexsuissesemagnocumpericuloadeummissurumethominibusferisobiecturumexistimabat", + "en": "He thought he should not without great danger send to him as embassador one of his [Roman] officers, and should expose him to savage men." + }, + { + "id": 6143, + "la": "CommodissimumvisumestC.ValeriumProcillum,C.ValeriiCaburifilium,summavirtuteethumanitateadulescentem,cuiuspateraC.ValerioFlaccocivitatedonatuserat,etpropterfidemetpropterlinguaeGallicaescientiam,quamultaiamAriovistuslonginquaconsuetudineutebatur,etquodineopeccandiGermaniscausanonesset,adeummittere,etunaM.Metium,quihospitioAriovistiutebatur", + "en": "It seemed [therefore] most proper to send to him C. Valerius Procillus, the son of C. Valerius Caburus, a young man of the highest courage and accomplishments (whose father had been presented with the freedom of the city by C. Valerius Flaccus), both on account of his fidelity and on account of his knowledge of the Gallic language, which Ariovistus, by long practice, now spoke fluently; and because in his case the Germans would have no motive for committing violence; and [as his colleague] M. Mettius, who had shared the hospitality of Ariovistus." + }, + { + "id": 6144, + "la": "HismandavitquaediceretAriovistuscognoscerentetadsereferrent.QuoscumapudseincastrisAriovistusconspexisset,exercitusuopraesenteconclamavit:quidadsevenirent?anspeculandicausa?Conantesdicereprohibuitetincatenasconiecit", + "en": "He commissioned them to learn what Ariovistus had to say, and to report to him. But when Ariovistus saw them before him in his camp, he cried out in the presence of his army, \"Why were they come to him? Was it for the purpose of acting as spies?\" He stopped them when attempting to speak, and cast them into chains" + }, + { + "id": 6145, + "la": "EodemdiecastrapromovitetmilibuspassuumVIaCaesariscastrissubmonteconsedit", + "en": "The same day he moved his camp forward and pitched under a hill six miles from Caesar's camp." + }, + { + "id": 6146, + "la": "PostridieeiusdieipraetercastraCaesarissuascopiastraduxitetmilibuspassuumduobusultraeumcastrafeciteoconsilioutifrumentocommeatuquequiexSequanisetHaeduissupportareturCaesaremintercluderet", + "en": "The day following he led his forces past Caesar's camp, and encamped two miles beyond him; with this design that he might cut off Caesar from the corn and provisions, which might be conveyed to him from the Sequani and the Aedui." + }, + { + "id": 6147, + "la": "ExeodiediescontinuosVCaesarprocastrissuascopiasproduxitetacieminstructamhabuit,ut,sivelletAriovistusproeliocontendere,eipotestasnondeesset", + "en": "For five successive days from that day, Caesar drew out his forces before the camp, and put them in battle order, that, if Ariovistus should be willing to engage in battle, an opportunity might not be wanting to him." + }, + { + "id": 6148, + "la": "Ariovistushisomnibusdiebusexercitumcastriscontinuit,equestriproeliocotidiecontendit.Genushoceratpugnae,quoseGermaniexercuerant:", + "en": "Ariovistus all this time kept his army in camp: but engaged daily in cavalry skirmishes. The method of battle in which the Germans had practiced themselves was this." + }, + { + "id": 6149, + "la": "equitummiliaerantVI,totidemnumeropeditesvelocissimiacfortissimi,quosexomnicopiasingulisingulossuaesalutiscausadelegerant:", + "en": "There were 6,000 horse, and as many very active and courageous foot, one of whom each of the horse selected out of the whole army for his own protection" + }, + { + "id": 6150, + "la": "cumhisinproeliisversabantur,adeosseequitesrecipiebant;hi,siquideratdurius,concurrebant,siquigraviorevulnereacceptoequodeciderat,circumsistebant;", + "en": "By these [foot] they were constantly accompanied in their engagements; to these the horse retired; these on any emergency rushed forward; if any one, upon receiving a very severe wound, had fallen from his horse, they stood around him:" + }, + { + "id": 6151, + "la": "siquoeratlongiusprodeundumautceleriusrecipiendum,tantaerathorumexercitationeceleritasutiubissublevatiequorumcursumadaequarent", + "en": "if it was necessary to advance further than usual, or to retreat more rapidly, so great, from practice, was their swiftness, that, supported by the manes of the horses, they could keep pace with their speed." + }, + { + "id": 6152, + "la": "UbieumcastrissetenereCaesarintellexit,nediutiuscommeatuprohiberetur,ultraeumlocum,quoinlocoGermaniconsederant,circiterpassusDCabhis,castrisidoneumlocumdelegitaciequetripliciinstructaadeumlocumvenit", + "en": "Perceiving that Ariovistus kept himself in camp, Caesar, that he might not any longer be cut off from provisions, chose a convenient position for a camp beyond that place in which the Germans had encamped, at about 600 paces from them, and having drawn up his army in three lines, marched to that place." + }, + { + "id": 6153, + "la": "Primametsecundamacieminarmisesse,tertiamcastramunireiussit", + "en": "He ordered the first and second lines to be under arms; the third to fortify the camp" + }, + { + "id": 6154, + "la": "[HiclocusabhostecirciterpassusDC,utidictumest,aberat.]EocirciterhominumXVImiliaexpeditacumomniequitatuAriovistusmisit,quaecopiaenostrosterrerentetmunitioneprohiberent", + "en": "This place was distant from the enemy about 600 paces, as has been stated. Thither Ariovistus sent light troops, about 16,000 men in number, with all his cavalry; which forces were to intimidate our men, and hinder them in their fortification." + }, + { + "id": 6155, + "la": "NihilosetiusCaesar,utanteconstituerat,duasacieshostempropulsare,tertiamopusperficereiussit.Munitiscastrisduasibilegionesreliquitetpartemauxiliorum,quattuorreliquaslegionesincastramaiorareduxit", + "en": "Caesar nevertheless, as he had before arranged, ordered two lines to drive off the enemy: the third to execute the work. The camp being fortified, he left there two legions and a portion of the auxiliaries; and led back the other four legions into the larger camp." + }, + { + "id": 6156, + "la": "ProximodieinstitutosuoCaesarexcastrisutrisquecopiassuaseduxitpaulumqueamaioribuscastrisprogressusacieminstruxithostibusquepugnandipotestatemfecit", + "en": "The next day, according to his custom, Caesar led out his forces from both camps, and having advanced a little from the larger one, drew up his line of battle, and gave the enemy an opportunity of fighting." + }, + { + "id": 6157, + "la": "Ubinetumquidemeosprodireintellexit,circitermeridiemexercitumincastrareduxit.TumdemumAriovistuspartemsuarumcopiarum,quaecastraminoraoppugnaret,misit.Acriterutrimqueusqueadvesperumpugnatumest.SolisoccasusuascopiasAriovistusmultisetinlatisetacceptisvulneribusincastrareduxit", + "en": "When he found that they did not even then come out [from their intrenchments,] he led back his army into camp about noon. Then at last Ariovistus sent part of his forces to attack the lesser camp. The battle was vigorously maintained on both sides till the evening. At sunset, after many wounds had been inflicted and received, Ariovistus led back his forces into camp" + }, + { + "id": 6158, + "la": "CumexcaptivisquaereretCaesarquamobremAriovistusproelionondecertaret,hancreperiebatcausam,quodapudGermanoseaconsuetudoessetutmatresfamiliaeeorumsortibusetvaticinationibusdeclararentutrumproeliumcommittiexusuessetnecne;easitadicere:", + "en": "When Caesar inquired of his prisoners, wherefore Ariovistus did not come to an engagement, he discovered this to be the reason-that among the Germans it was the custom for their matrons to pronounce from lots and divination, whether it were expedient that the battle should be engaged in or not; that they had said," + }, + { + "id": 6159, + "la": "nonessefasGermanossuperare,siantenovamlunamproeliocontendissent", + "en": "\"that it was not the will of heaven that the Germans should conquer, if they engaged in battle before the new moon.\"" + }, + { + "id": 6160, + "la": "PostridieeiusdieiCaesarpraesidioutrisquecastrisquodsatisessevisumestreliquit,alariosomnesinconspectuhostiumprocastrisminoribusconstituit,quodminusmultitudinemilitumlegionariorumprohostiumnumerovalebat,utadspeciemalariisuteretur;ipsetripliciinstructaacieusqueadcastrahostiumaccessit", + "en": "The day following, Caesar left what seemed sufficient as a guard for both camps; [and then] drew up all the auxiliaries in sight of the enemy, before the lesser camp, because he was not very powerful in the number of legionary soldiers, considering the number of the enemy; that [thereby] he might make use of his auxiliaries for appearance. He himself, having drawn up his army in three lines, advanced to the camp of the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 6161, + "la": "TumdemumnecessarioGermanisuascopiascastriseduxeruntgeneratimqueconstitueruntparibusintervallis,Harudes,Marcomanos,Tribocos,Vangiones,Nemetes,Sedusios,Suebos,omnemqueaciemsuamraedisetcarriscircumdederunt,nequaspesinfugarelinqueretur", + "en": "Then at last of necessity the Germans drew their forces out of camp, and disposed them canton by canton, at equal distances, the Harudes, Marcomanni, Tribocci, Vangiones, Nemetes, Sedusii, Suevi; and surrounded their whole army with their chariots and wagons, that no hope might be left in flight." + }, + { + "id": 6162, + "la": "Eomulieresimposuerunt,quaeadproeliumproficiscentesmilitespassismanibusflentesimplorabantneseinservitutemRomanistraderent", + "en": "On these they placed their women, who, with disheveled hair and in tears, entreated the soldiers, as they went forward to battle, not to deliver them into slavery to the Romans." + }, + { + "id": 6163, + "la": "Caesarsingulislegionibussinguloslegatosetquaestorempraefecit,utieostestessuaequisquevirtutishaberet;", + "en": "Caesar appointed over each legion a lieutenant and a questor, that every one might have them as witnesses of his valor." + }, + { + "id": 6164, + "la": "ipseadextrocornu,quodeampartemminimefirmamhostiumesseanimadverterat,proeliumcommisit", + "en": "He himself began the battle at the head of the right wing, because he had observed that part of the enemy to be the least strong" + }, + { + "id": 6165, + "la": "Itanostriacriterinhostessignodatoimpetumfeceruntitaquehostesrepenteceleriterqueprocurrerunt,utspatiumpilainhostescoiciendinondaretur", + "en": "Accordingly our men, upon the signal being given, vigorously made an attack upon the enemy, and the enemy so suddenly and rapidly rushed forward, that there was no time for casting the javelins at them." + }, + { + "id": 6166, + "la": "Relictispiliscomminusgladiispugnatumest.AtGermaniceleriterexconsuetudinesuaphalangefactaimpetusgladiorumexceperunt", + "en": "Throwing aside [therefore] their javelins, they fought with swords hand to hand. But the Germans, according to their custom, rapidly forming a phalanx, sustained the attack of our swords" + }, + { + "id": 6167, + "la": "Repertisuntcompluresnostriquiinphalangainsilirentetscutamanibusrevellerentetdesupervulnerarent", + "en": "There were found very many of our soldiers who leaped upon the phalanx, and with their hands tore away the shields, and wounded the enemy from above" + }, + { + "id": 6168, + "la": "Cumhostiumaciesasinistrocornupulsaatqueinfugamconiectaesset,adextrocornuvehementermultitudinesuorumnostramaciempremebant", + "en": "Although the army of the enemy was routed on the left wing and put to flight, they [still] pressed heavily on our men from the right wing, by the great number of their troops." + }, + { + "id": 6169, + "la": "IdcumanimadvertissetP.Crassusadulescens,quiequitatuipraeerat,quodexpeditioreratquamiiquiinteraciemversabantur,tertiamaciemlaborantibusnostrissubsidiomisit", + "en": "On observing which, P. Crassus, a young man, who commanded the cavalry-as he was more disengaged than those who were employed in the fight-sent the third line as a relief to our men who were in distress." + }, + { + "id": 6170, + "la": "Itaproeliumrestitutumest,atqueomneshostestergaverteruntnecpriusfugeredestiteruntquamadflumenRhenummiliapassuumexeolococirciterLpervenerunt", + "en": "Thereupon the engagement was renewed, and all the enemy turned their backs, nor did they cease to flee until they arrived at the riverRhine, about fifty miles from that place." + }, + { + "id": 6171, + "la": "Ibiperpauciautviribusconfisitranarecontenderuntautlintribusinventissibisalutemreppererunt", + "en": "There some few, either relying on their strength, endeavored to swim over, or, finding boats, procured their safety." + }, + { + "id": 6172, + "la": "InhisfuitAriovistus,quinaviculamdeligatamadripamnactuseaprofugit;reliquosomnesconsecutiequitesnostriinterfecerunt", + "en": "Among the latter was Ariovistus, who meeting with a small vessel tied to the bank, escaped in it; our horse pursued and slew all the rest of them." + }, + { + "id": 6173, + "la": "DuaefueruntAriovistiuxores,unaSuebanatione,quamdomosecumeduxerat,alteraNorica,regisVoccionissoror,quaminGalliaduxeratafratremissam:utraqueineafugaperiit;duaefiliae:harumalteraoccisa,alteracaptaest", + "en": "Ariovistus had two wives, one a Suevan by nation, whom he brought with him from home; the other a Norican, the sister of king Vocion, whom he had married in Gaul, she having been sent [thither for that purpose] by her brother. Both perished in that flight. Of their two daughters, one was slain, the other captured." + }, + { + "id": 6174, + "la": "C.ValeriusProcillus,cumacustodibusinfugatriniscatenisvinctustraheretur,inipsumCaesaremhostesequitatuinsequentemincidit", + "en": "C. Valerius Procillus, as he was being dragged by his guards in the fight, bound with a triple chain, fell into the hands of Caesar himself, as he was pursuing the enemy with his cavalry." + }, + { + "id": 6175, + "la": "QuaequidemresCaesarinonminoremquamipsavictoriavoluptatemattulit,quodhominemhonestissimumprovinciaeGalliae,suumfamiliaremethospitem,ereptumexmanibushostiumsibirestitutumvidebatnequeeiuscalamitatedetantavoluptateetgratulationequicquamfortunademinuerat", + "en": "This circumstance indeed afforded Caesar no less pleasure than the victory itself; because he saw a man of the first rank in the province of Gaul, his intimate acquaintance and friend, rescued from the hand of the enemy, and restored to him, and that fortune had not diminished aught of the joy and exultation [of that day] by his destruction." + }, + { + "id": 6176, + "la": "Issepraesentedesetersortibusconsultumdicebat,utrumignistatimnecareturaninaliudtempusreservaretur:sortiumbeneficioseesseincolumem", + "en": "He [Procillus] said that, in his own presence, the lots had been thrice consulted respecting him, whether he should immediately be put to death by fire, or be reserved for another time: that by the favor of the lots he was uninjured." + }, + { + "id": 6177, + "la": "ItemM.Metiusrepertusetadeumreductusest", + "en": "M. Mettius, also, was found and brought back to him [Caesar.]" + }, + { + "id": 6178, + "la": "HocproeliotransRhenumnuntiato,Suebi,quiadripasRhenivenerant,domumreverticoeperunt;quosubiquiproximiRhenumincoluntperterritossenserunt,insecutimagnumexiisnumerumocciderunt", + "en": "This battle having been reported beyond theRhine, the Suevi, who had come to the banks of that river, began to return home, when the Ubii, who dwelt nearest to theRhine, pursuing them, while much alarmed, slew a great number of them." + }, + { + "id": 6179, + "la": "CaesarunaaestateduobusmaximisbellisconfectismaturiuspauloquamtempusannipostulabatinhibernainSequanosexercitumdeduxit;hibernisLabienumpraeposuit;", + "en": "Caesar having concluded two very important wars in one campaign, conducted his army into winter quarters among the Sequani, a little earlier than the season of the year required. He appointed Labienus over the winter-quarters," + }, + { + "id": 6180, + "la": "ipseinciterioremGalliamadconventusagendosprofectusest", + "en": "and set out in person for Hither Gaul to hold the assizes." + }, + { + "id": 6181, + "la": "CumessetCaesarinciterioreGallia[inhibernis],itautisuprademonstravimus, crebriadeumrumoresadferebanturlitterisqueitemLabienicertiorfiebatomnesBelgas,quamtertiamesseGalliaepartemdixeramus,contrapopulumRomanumconiurareobsidesqueintersedare", + "en": "While Caesar was in winter quarters in Hither Gaul, as we have shown above, frequent reports were brought to him, and he was also informed by letters from Labienus, that all the Belgae, who we have said are a third part of Gaul, were entering into a confederacy against the Roman people, and giving hostages to one another;" + }, + { + "id": 6182, + "la": "Coniurandihasessecausas:primumquodvererenturne,omnipacataGallia,adeosexercitusnosteradduceretur;", + "en": "that the reasons of the confederacy were these-first, because they feared that, after all [Celtic]Gaulwas subdued, our army would be led against them;" + }, + { + "id": 6183, + "la": "deindequodabnonnullisGallissollicitarentur,partimqui,utGermanosdiutiusinGalliaversarinoluerant,itapopuliRomaniexercitumhiemareatqueinveterascereinGalliamolesteferebant,partimquimobilitateetlevitateaniminovisimperiisstudebant;", + "en": "secondly, because they were instigated by several of the Gauls; some of whom as [on the one hand] they had been unwilling that the Germans should remain any longer in Gaul, so [on the other] they were dissatisfied that the army of the Roman people should pass the winter in it, and settle there;" + }, + { + "id": 6184, + "la": "abnonnullisetiamquodinGalliaapotentioribusatqueiisquiadconducendoshominesfacultateshabebantvulgoregnaoccupabantur;quiminusfacileeamremimperionostroconsequipoterant", + "en": "and others of them, from a natural instability and fickleness of disposition, were anxious for a revolution; [the Belgae were instigated] by several, also, because the government in Gaul was generally seized upon by the more powerful persons and by those who had the means of hiring troops, and they could less easily effect this object under our dominion." + }, + { + "id": 6185, + "la": "HisnuntiislitterisquecommotusCaesarduaslegionesinciterioreGallianovasconscripsitetinitaaestateinulterioremGalliamquideduceretQ.Pediumlegatummisit", + "en": "Alarmed by these tidings and letters, Caesar levied two new legions in Hither Gaul, and, at the beginning of summer, sent Q. Pedius, his lieutenant, to conduct them further into Gaul." + }, + { + "id": 6186, + "la": "Ipse,cumprimumpabulicopiaesseinciperet,adexercitumvenit", + "en": "He, himself, as soon as there began to be plenty of forage, came to the army" + }, + { + "id": 6187, + "la": "DatnegotiumSenonibusreliquisqueGallisquifinitimiBelgiserantutieaquaeapudeosgeranturcognoscantsequedehisrebuscertioremfaciant", + "en": "He gives a commission to theSenonesand the other Gauls who were neighbors of the Belgae, to learn what is going on among them [i.e. the Belgae], and inform him of these matters." + }, + { + "id": 6188, + "la": "Hiconstanteromnesnuntiaveruntmanuscogi,exercituminunumlocumconduci.Tumverodubitandumnonexistimavitquinadeosproficisceretur.RefrumentariaprovisacastramovetdiebusquecirciterXVadfinesBelgarumpervenit", + "en": "These all uniformly reported that troops were being raised, and that an army was being collected in one place. Then, indeed, he thought that he ought not to hesitate about proceeding toward them, and having provided supplies, moves his camp, and in about fifteen days arrives at the territories of the Belgae." + }, + { + "id": 6189, + "la": "Eocumdeimprovisoceleriusqueomniumopinionevenisset,Remi,quiproximiGalliaeexBelgissunt,adeumlegatosIcciumetAndebrogium,primoscivitatis,miserunt,", + "en": "As he arrived there unexpectedly and sooner than any one anticipated, the Remi, who are the nearest of the Belgae to [Celtic]Gaul, sent to him Iccius and Antebrogius, [two of] the principal persons of the state, as their embassadors" + }, + { + "id": 6190, + "la": "quidicerentsesuaqueomniainfidematquepotestatempopuliRomanipermittere,nequesecumreliquisBelgisconsensissenequecontrapopulumRomanumconiurasse,", + "en": "to tell him that they surrendered themselves and all their possessions to the protection and disposal of the Roman people: and that they had neither combined with the rest of the Belgae, nor entered into any confederacy against the Roman people:" + }, + { + "id": 6191, + "la": "paratosqueesseetobsidesdareetimperatafacereetoppidisrecipereetfrumentoceterisquerebusiuvare;", + "en": "and were prepared to give hostages, to obey his commands, to receive him into their towns, and to aid him with corn and other things;" + }, + { + "id": 6192, + "la": "reliquosomnesBelgasinarmisesse,GermanosquequicisRhenumincolantsesecumhisconiunxisse,", + "en": "that all the rest of the Belgae were in arms; and that the Germans, who dwell on this side of theRhine, had joined themselves to them;" + }, + { + "id": 6193, + "la": "tantumqueesseeorumomniumfuroremutneSuessionesquidem,fratresconsanguineosquesuos,quieodemiureetisdemlegibusutantur,unumimperiumunumquemagistratumcumipsishabeant,deterrerepotuerintquincumiisconsentirent", + "en": "and that so great was the infatuation of them all, that they could not restrain even the Suessiones, their own brethren and kinsmen, who enjoy the same rights, and the, same laws, and who have one government and one magistracy [in common] with themselves, from uniting with them." + }, + { + "id": 6194, + "la": "Cumabiisquaereretquaecivitatesquantaequeinarmisessentetquidinbellopossent,sicreperiebat:plerosqueBelgasesseortosaGermanisRhenumqueantiquitustraductospropterlocifertilitatemibiconsedisseGallosquequiealocaincolerentexpulisse,solosqueessequi,", + "en": "When Caesar inquired of them what states were in arms, how powerful they were, and what they could do, in war, he received the following information: that the greater part of the Belgae were sprung, from the Germans, and that having crossed theRhineat an early period, they had settled there, on account of the fertility of the country, and had driven out the Gauls who inhabited those regions; and that they were the only people who," + }, + { + "id": 6195, + "la": "patrumnostrorummemoriaomniGalliavexata,TeutonosCimbrosqueintrasuosfinesingrediprohibuerint;", + "en": "in the memory of our fathers, when all Gaul was overrun, had prevented the Teutones and the Cimbri from entering their territories;" + }, + { + "id": 6196, + "la": "quaexrefieriutiearumrerummemoriamagnamsibiauctoritatemmagnosquespiritusinremilitarisumerent", + "en": "the effect of which was, that, from the recollection of those events, they assumed to themselves great authority and haughtiness in military matters." + }, + { + "id": 6197, + "la": "DenumeroeorumomniasehabereexplorataRemidicebant,proptereaquodpropinquitatibusadfinitatibusquoconiunctiquantamquisquemultitudinemincommuniBelgarumconcilioadidbellumpollicitussitcognoverint", + "en": "TheRemisaid, that they had known accurately every thing respecting their number, because being united to them by neighborhood and by alliances, they had learned what number each state had in the general council of the Belgae promised for that war." + }, + { + "id": 6198, + "la": "PlurimumintereosBellovacosetvirtuteetauctoritateethominumnumerovalere:hosposseconficerearmatamiliacentum,pollicitosexeonumeroelectamiliaLXtotiusquebelliimperiumsibipostulare", + "en": "That the Bellovaci were the most powerful among them in valor, influence, and the number of men; that these could muster 100,000 armed men, [and had] promised 60,000 picked men out of that number, and demanded for themselves the command of the whole war." + }, + { + "id": 6199, + "la": "Suessionessuosessefinitimos;fineslatissimosferacissimosqueagrospossidere", + "en": "That the Suessiones were their nearest neighbors and possessed a very extensive and fertile country;" + }, + { + "id": 6200, + "la": "ApudeosfuisseregemnostraetiammemoriaDiviciacum,totiusGalliaepotentissimum,quicummagnaepartisharumregionum,tumetiamBritanniaeimperiumobtinuerit;nuncesseregemGalbam:adhuncpropteriustitiamprudentiamquesummamtotiusbelliomniumvoluntatedeferri;oppidahaberenumeroXII,pollicerimiliaarmataL;totidemNervios,", + "en": "that among them, even in our own memory, Divitiacus, the most powerful man of all Gaul, had been king; who had held the government of a great part of these regions, as well as of Britain; that their king at present was Galba; that the direction of the whole war was conferred by the consent of all, upon him, on account of his integrity and prudence; that they had twelve towns; that they had promised 50,000 armed men; and that the Nervii" + }, + { + "id": 6201, + "la": "quimaximeferiinteripsoshabeanturlongissimequeabsint;", + "en": "who are reckoned the most warlike among them, and are situated at a very great distance, [had promised] as many;" + }, + { + "id": 6202, + "la": "XVmiliaAtrebates,AmbianosXmilia,MorinosXXVmilia,MenapiosVIImilia,CaletosXmilia,VeliocassesetViromanduostotidem,AtuatucosXVIIIImilia;", + "en": "the Atrebates 15,000; the Ambiani, 10,000; the Morini, 25,000; the Menapii, 9,000; the Caleti, 10,000; the Velocasses and the Veromandui as many; the Aduatuci 19,000;" + }, + { + "id": 6203, + "la": "Condrusos,Eburones,Caerosos,Paemanos,quiunonomineGermaniappellantur,arbitrariadXLmilia", + "en": "that the Condrusi, the Eburones, the Caeraesi, the Paemani, who are called by the common name of Germans [had promised], they thought, to the number of 40,000." + }, + { + "id": 6204, + "la": "CaesarRemoscohortatusliberaliterqueorationeprosecutusomnemsenatumadseconvenireprincipumqueliberosobsidesadseadduciiussit.Quaeomniaabhisdiligenteraddiemfactasunt", + "en": "Caesar, having encouraged the Remi, and addressed them courteously, ordered the whole senate to assemble before him, and the children of their chief men to be brought to him as hostages; all which commands they punctually performed by the day [appointed]" + }, + { + "id": 6205, + "la": "IpseDiviciacumHaeduummagnoperecohortatusdocetquantooperereipublicaecommunisquesalutisintersitmanushostiumdistineri,necumtantamultitudineunotemporeconfligendumsit", + "en": "He, addressing himself to Divitiacus, the Aeduan, with great earnestness, points out how much it concerns the republic and their common security, that the forces of the enemy should be divided, so that it might not be necessary to engage with so large a number at one time." + }, + { + "id": 6206, + "la": "Idfieriposse,sisuascopiasHaeduiinfinesBellovacorumintroduxerinteteorumagrospopularicoeperint", + "en": "[He asserts] that this might be affected if the Aedui would lead their forces into the territories of the Bellovaci, and begin to lay waste their country." + }, + { + "id": 6207, + "la": "Hisdatismandatiseumasedimittit.PostquamomnesBelgarumcopiasinunumlocumcoactasadsevenireviditnequeiamlongeabesseabiisquosmiseratexploratoribusetabRemiscognovit,flumenAxonam,quodestinextremisRemorumfinibus,exercitumtraducerematuravitatqueibicastraposuit", + "en": "With these instructions he dismissed him from his presence. After he perceived that all the forces of the Belgae, which had been collected in one place, were approaching toward him, and learned from the scouts whom he had sent out, and [also] from the Remi, that they were then not far distant, he hastened to lead his army over theAisne, which is on the borders of the Remi, and there pitched his camp." + }, + { + "id": 6208, + "la": "QuaeresetlatusunumcastrorumripisfluminismuniebatetposteumquaeeranttutaabhostibusreddebatetcommeatusabRemisreliquisquecivitatibusutsinepericuloadeumportaripossentefficiebat", + "en": "This position fortified one side of his camp by the banks of the river, rendered the country which lay in his rear secure from the enemy, and furthermore insured that provisions might without danger be brought to him by the Remi and the rest of the states." + }, + { + "id": 6209, + "la": "Ineoflumineponserat.IbipraesidiumponitetinalterapartefluminisQ.TituriumSabinumlegatumcumsexcohortibusrelinquit;castrainaltitudinempedumXIIvallofossaqueduodevigintipedummuniriiubet", + "en": "Over that river was a bridge: there he places a guard; and on the other side of the river he leaves Q. Titurius Sabinus, his lieutenant, with six cohorts. He orders him to fortify a camp with a rampart twelve feet in height, and a trench eighteen feet in breadth." + }, + { + "id": 6210, + "la": "AbhiscastrisoppidumRemorumnomineBibraxaberatmiliapassuumVIII.IdexitineremagnoimpetuBelgaeoppugnarecoeperunt.Aegreeodiesustentatumest", + "en": "There was a town of the Remi, by name Bibrax, eight miles distant from this camp. This the Belgae on their march began to attack with great vigor. [The assault] was with difficulty sustained for that day." + }, + { + "id": 6211, + "la": "GallorumeadematqueBelgarumoppugnatioesthaec:ubicircumiectamultitudinehominumtotismoenibusundiqueinmurumlapidesiacicoeptisuntmurusquedefensoribusnudatusest,testudinefactaportassucceduntmurumquesubruunt.Quodtumfacilefiebat", + "en": "The Gauls' mode of besieging is the same as that of the Belgae: when after having drawn a large number of men around the whole of the fortifications, stones have begun to be cast against the wall on all sides, and the wall has been stripped of its defenders, [then], forming a testudo, they advance to the gates and undermine the wall: which was easily effected on this occasion;" + }, + { + "id": 6212, + "la": "Nam cum tanta multitudo lapides ac tela coicerent, in muro consistendi potestas erat nulli", + "en": "for while so large a number were casting stones and darts, no one was able to maintain his position upon the wall" + }, + { + "id": 6213, + "la": "Cumfinemoppugnandinoxfecisset,IcciusRemus,summanobilitateetgratiaintersuos,quitumoppidopraeerat,unusexiisquilegatidepaceadCaesaremvenerant,nuntiumadeummittit,nisisubsidiumsibisubmittatur,sesediutiussustinerenonposse", + "en": "When night had put an end to the assault, Iccius, who was then in command of the town, one of the Remi, a man of the highest rank and influence among his people, and one of those who had come to Caesar as embassador [to sue] for peace, sends messengers to him, [to report] \"That, unless assistance were sent to him he could not hold out any longer.\"" + }, + { + "id": 6214, + "la": "EodemedianocteCaesarisdemducibusususquinuntiiabIcciovenerant,NumidasetCretassagittariosetfunditoresBalearessubsidiooppidanismittit;", + "en": "Thither, immediately after midnight, Caesar, using as guides the same persons who had come to him as messengers from Iccius, sends some Numidian and Cretan archers, and some Balearian slingers as a relief to the towns-people," + }, + { + "id": 6215, + "la": "quorumadventuetRemiscumspedefensionisstudiumpropugnandiaccessitethostibuseademdecausaspespotiundioppididiscessit", + "en": "by whose arrival both a desire to resist together with the hope of [making good their] defense, was infused into the Remi, and, for the same reason, the hope of gaining the town, abandoned the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 6216, + "la": "ItaquepaulisperapudoppidummoratiagrosqueRemorumdepopulati,omnibusvicisaedificiisquequoadirepotuerantincensis,adcastraCaesarisomnibuscopiiscontenderuntetamilibuspassuumminusduobuscastraposuerunt;", + "en": "Therefore, after staying a short time before the town, and laying waste the country of the Remi, when all the villages and buildings which they could approach had been burned, they hastened with all their forces to the camp of Caesar, and encamped within less than two miles [of it]" + }, + { + "id": 6217, + "la": "quaecastra,utfumoatqueignibussignificabatur,ampliusmilibuspassuumVIIIlatitudinempatebant", + "en": "and their camp, as was indicated by the smoke and fires, extended more than eight miles in breadth." + }, + { + "id": 6218, + "la": "Caesarprimoetproptermultitudinemhostiumetproptereximiamopinionemvirtutisproeliosupersederestatuit;", + "en": "Caesar at first determined to decline a battle, as well on account of the great number of the enemy as their distinguished reputation for valor:" + }, + { + "id": 6219, + "la": "cotidietamenequestribusproeliisquidhostisvirtutepossetetquidnostriauderentpericlitabatur", + "en": "daily, however, in cavalry actions, he strove to ascertain by frequent trials, what the enemy could effect by their prowess and what our men would dare." + }, + { + "id": 6220, + "la": "Ubinostrosnonesseinferioresintellexit,locoprocastrisadacieminstruendamnaturaoportunoatqueidoneo,quodiscollisubicastrapositaerantpaululumexplanitieeditustantumadversusinlatitudinempatebatquantumlociaciesinstructaoccuparepoterat,atqueexutraquepartelaterisdeiectushabebatetinfronteleniterfastigatuspaulatimadplanitiemredibat,abutroquelatereeiuscollistransversamfossamobduxitcirciterpassuumCCCC", + "en": "When he perceived that our men were not inferior, as the place before the camp was naturally convenient and suitable for marshaling an army (since the hill where the camp was pitched, rising gradually from the plain, extended forward in breadth as far as the space which the marshaled army could occupy, and had steep declines of its side in either direction, and gently sloping in front gradually sank to the plain); on either side of that hill he drew a cross trench of about four hundred paces" + }, + { + "id": 6221, + "la": "etadextremasfossascastellaconstituitibiquetormentaconlocavit,ne,cumacieminstruxisset,hostes,quodtantummultitudinepoterant,ablateribuspugnantessuoscircumvenirepossent", + "en": "and at the extremities of that trench built forts, and placed there his military engines, lest, after he had marshaled his army, the enemy, since they were so powerful in point of number, should be able to surround his men in the flank, while fighting." + }, + { + "id": 6222, + "la": "Hocfacto,duabuslegionibusquasproximeconscripseratincastrisrelictisut,siquoopusesset,subsidioducipossent,reliquasVIlegionesprocastrisinacieconstituit.Hostesitemsuascopiasexcastriseductasinstruxerunt", + "en": "After doing this, and leaving in the camp the two legions which he had last raised, that, if there should be any occasion, they might be brought as a reserve, he formed the other six legions in order of battle before the camp. The enemy, likewise, had drawn up their forces which they had brought out of the camp." + }, + { + "id": 6223, + "la": "Paluseratnonmagnainternostrumatquehostiumexercitum.Hancsinostritransirenthostesexpectabant;nostriautem,siabillisinitiumtranseundifieret,utimpeditosadgrederenturparatiinarmiserant", + "en": "There was a marsh of no great extent between our army and that of the enemy. The latter were waiting to see if our men would pass this; our men, also, were ready in arms to attack them while disordered, if the first attempt to pass should be made by them." + }, + { + "id": 6224, + "la": "Interimproelioequestriinterduasaciescontendebatur.Ubineutritranseundiinitiumfaciunt,secundioreequitumproelionostrisCaesarsuosincastrareduxit", + "en": "In the mean time battle was commenced between the two armies by a cavalry action. When neither army began to pass the marsh, Caesar, upon the skirmishes of the horse [proving] favorable to our men, led back his forces into the camp" + }, + { + "id": 6225, + "la": "HostesprotinusexeolocoadflumenAxonamcontenderunt,quodessepostnostracastrademonstratumest", + "en": "The enemy immediately hastened from that place to the river Aisne, which it has been; stated was behind our camp." + }, + { + "id": 6226, + "la": "Ibivadisrepertispartemsuarumcopiarumtraducereconatisunteoconsiliout,sipossent,castellum,cuipraeeratQ.Tituriuslegatus,expugnarentpontemqueinterscinderent,", + "en": "Finding a ford there, they endeavored to lead a part of their forces over it; with the design, that, if they could, they might carry by storm the fort which Q. Titurius, Caesar's lieutenant, commanded, and might cut off the bridge" + }, + { + "id": 6227, + "la": "siminuspotuissent,agrosRemorumpopularentur,quimagnonobisusuiadbellumgerendumerant,commeatuquenostrosprohiberent", + "en": "but, if they could not do that, they should lay waste the lands of the Remi, which were of great use to us in carrying on the war, and might hinder our men from foraging." + }, + { + "id": 6228, + "la": "CaesarcertiorfactusabTiturioonlnemequitatumetlevisarmaturaeNumidas,funditoressagittariosquepontemtraducitatqueadeoscontendit.Acriterineolocopugnatumest", + "en": "Caesar, being apprized of this by Titurius, leads all his cavalry and light-armed Numidians, slingers and archers, over the bridge, and hastens toward them. There was a severe struggle in that place." + }, + { + "id": 6229, + "la": "Hostesimpeditosnostriinflumineadgressimagnumeorumnumerumocciderunt;", + "en": "Our men, attacking in the river the disordered enemy, slew a great part of them." + }, + { + "id": 6230, + "la": "pereorumcorporareliquosaudacissimetransireconantesmultitudinetelorumreppuleruntprimosque,quitransierant,equitatucircumventosinterfecerunt", + "en": "By the immense number of their missiles they drove back the rest, who, in a most courageous manner were attempting to pass over their bodies, and surrounded with their cavalry, and cut to pieces those who had first crossed the river." + }, + { + "id": 6231, + "la": "Hostes,ubietdeexpugnandooppidoetdefluminetranseundospemsefefellisseintellexeruntnequenostrosinlocuminiquiorumprogredipugnandicausavideruntatqueipsosresfrumentariadeficerecoepit,concilioconvocatoconstitueruntoptimumessedomumsuamquemquereverti,etquoruminfinesprimumRomaniexercitumintroduxissent,adeosdefendendosundiqueconvenirent,utpotiusinsuisquaminalienisfinibusdecertarentetdomesticiscopiisreifrumentariaeuterentur", + "en": "The enemy, when they perceived that their hopes had deceived them both with regard to their taking the town by storm and also their passing the river, and did not see our men advance to a more disadvantageous place for the purpose of fighting, and when provisions began to fail them, having called a council, determined that it was best for each to return to his country, and resolved to assemble from all quarters to defend those into whose territories the Romans should first march an army; that they might contend in their own rather than in a foreign country, and might enjoy the stores of provision which they possessed at home." + }, + { + "id": 6232, + "la": "Adeamsententiamcumreliquiscausishaecquoqueratioeosdeduxit,quodDiviciacumatqueHaeduosfinibusBellovacorumadpropinquarecognoverant.Hispersuaderiutdiutiusmorarenturnequesuisauxiliumterrentnonpoterat", + "en": "Together with other causes, this consideration also led them to that resolution, viz: that they had learned that Divitiacus and the Aedui were approaching the territories of the Bellovaci. And it was impossible to persuade the latter to stay any longer, or to deter them from conveying succor to their own people." + }, + { + "id": 6233, + "la": "Eareconstituta,secundavigiliamagnocum,strepituactumultucastrisegressinullocertoordinenequeimperio,cumsibiquisqueprimumitinerislocumpeteretetdomumpervenireproperaret,feceruntutconsimilisfugaeprofectiovideretur", + "en": "That matter being determined on, marching out of their camp at the second watch, with great noise and confusion, in no fixed order, nor under any command, since each sought for himself the foremost place in the journey, and hastened to reach home, they made their departure appear very like a flight" + }, + { + "id": 6234, + "la": "HacrestatimCaesarperspeculatorescognitainsidiasveritus,quodquadecausadiscederentnondumperspexerat,exercitumequitatumquecastriscontinuit", + "en": "Caesar, immediately learning this through his scouts, [but] fearing an ambuscade, because he had not yet discovered for what reason they were departing, kept his army and cavalry within the camp." + }, + { + "id": 6235, + "la": "Primaluce,confirmatareabexploratoribus,omnemequitatum,quinovissimumagmenmoraretur,praemisit.HisQ.PediumetL.AurunculeiumCottamlegatospraefecit;T.Labienumlegatumcumlegionibustribussubsequiiussit", + "en": "At daybreak, the intelligence having been confirmed by the scouts, he sent forward his cavalry to harass their rear; and gave the command of it to two of his lieutenants, Q. Pedius, and L. Aurunculeius Cotta. He ordered T. Labienus, another of his lieutenants, to follow them closely with three legions." + }, + { + "id": 6236, + "la": "Hinovissimosadortietmultamiliapassuumprosecutimagnammultitudinemeorumfugientiumconciderunt,cumabextremoagmine,adquosventumerat,consisterentfortiterqueimpetumnostrorummilitumsustinerent,", + "en": "These, attacking their rear, and pursuing them for many miles, slew a great number of them as they were fleeing; while those in the rear with whom they had come up, halted, and bravely sustained the attack of our soldiers" + }, + { + "id": 6237, + "la": "priores,quodabesseapericuloviderenturnequeullanecessitatenequeimperiocontinerentur,exauditoclamoreperturbatisordinibusomnesinfugasibipraesidiumponerent", + "en": "the van, because they appeared to be removed from danger, and were not restrained by any necessity or command, as soon as the noise was heard, broke their ranks, and, to a man, rested their safety in flight" + }, + { + "id": 6238, + "la": "Itasineullopericulotantameorummultitudinemnostriinterfeceruntquantumfuitdieispatium;suboccasumsolissequidestiteruntsequeincastra,uteratimperatum,receperunt", + "en": "Thus without any risk [to themselves] our men killed as great a number of them as the length of the day allowed; and at sunset desisted from the pursuit, and betook themselves into the camp, as they had been commanded." + }, + { + "id": 6239, + "la": "PostridieeiusdieiCaesar,priusquamsehostesexterroreacfugareciperent,infinesSuessionum,quiproximiRemiserant,exercitumduxitetmagnoitinere[confecto]adoppidumNoviodunumcontendit", + "en": "On the day following, before the enemy could recover from their terror and flight, Caesar led his army into the territories of the Suessiones, which are next to the Remi, and having accomplished a long march, hastens to the town namedNoviodunum." + }, + { + "id": 6240, + "la": "Idexitinereoppugnareconatus,quodvacuumabdefensoribusesseaudiebat,propterlatitudinemfossaemuriquealtitudinempaucisdefendentihusexpugnarenonpotuit", + "en": "Having attempted to take it by storm on his march, because he heard that it was destitute of [sufficient] defenders, he was not able to carry it by assault, on account of the breadth of the ditch and the height of the wall, though few were defending it." + }, + { + "id": 6241, + "la": "Castrismunitisvineasagerequaequeadoppugnandumusuierantcompararecoepit", + "en": "Therefore, having fortified the camp, he began to bring up the vineae, and to provide whatever things were necessary for the storm." + }, + { + "id": 6242, + "la": "InterimomnisexfugaSuessionummultitudoinoppidumproximanocteconvenit", + "en": "In the mean time the whole body of the Suessiones, after their flight, came the next night into the town." + }, + { + "id": 6243, + "la": "Celeritervineisadoppidumactis,aggereiactoturribusqueconstitutis,magnitudineoperum,quaenequeviderantanteGallinequeaudierant,etceleritateRomanorumpermotilegatosadCaesaremdededitionemittuntetpetentibusRemisutconservarenturimpetrant", + "en": "The vineae having been quickly brought up against the town, a mound thrown up, and towers built, the Gauls, amazed by the greatness of the works, such as they had neither seen nor heard of before, and struck also by the dispatch of the Romans, send embassadors to Caesar respecting a surrender, and succeed in consequence of the Remi requesting that they [the Suessiones] might be spared." + }, + { + "id": 6244, + "la": "Caesar,obsidibusacceptisprimiscivitatisatqueipsiusGalbaeregisduobusfiliisarmisqueomnibusexoppidotraditis,indeditionemSuessionesaccipitexercitumqueinBellovacosducit", + "en": "Caesar, having received as hostages the first men of the state, and even the two sons of king Galba himself; and all the arms in the town having been delivered up, admitted the Suessiones to a surrender, and led his army against the Bellovaci." + }, + { + "id": 6245, + "la": "QuicumsesuaqueomniainoppidumBratuspantiumcontulissentatqueabeooppidoCaesarcumexercitucircitermiliapassuumVabesset,omnesmaioresnatuexoppidoegressimanusadCaesaremtendereetvocesignificarecoeperuntseseineiusfidemacpotestatemvenirenequecontrapopulumRomanumarmiscontendere", + "en": "Who, when they had conveyed themselves and all their possessions into the town Galled Bratuspantium, and Caesar with his army was about five miles distant from that town, all the old men, going out of the town, began to stretch out their hands to Caesar, and to intimate by their voice that they would throw themselves on his protection and power, nor would contend in arms against the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 6246, + "la": "Item,cumadoppidumaccessissetcastraqueibiponeret,puerimulieresqueexmuropassismallibussuomorepacemabRomanispetierunt", + "en": "In like manner, when he had come up to the town, and there pitched his camp, the boys and the women from the wall, with outstretched hands, after their custom, begged peace from the Romans." + }, + { + "id": 6247, + "la": "ProhisDiviciacus(nampostdiscessumBelgarumdimissisHaeduorumcopiisadCumreverterat)facitverba:", + "en": "For these Divitiacus pleads (for after the departure of the Belgae, having dismissed the troops of the Aedui, he had returned to Caesar)." + }, + { + "id": 6248, + "la": "BellovacosomnitemporeinfideatqueamicitiacivitatisHaeduaefuisse;", + "en": "\"The Bellovaci had at all times been in the alliance and friendship of the Aeduan state;" + }, + { + "id": 6249, + "la": "impulsosabsuisprincipibus,quidicerentHaeduosaCaesareinservitutemredacto.omnesindignitatescontumeliasqueperferre,etabHaeduisdefecisseetpopuloRomanobellumintulisse", + "en": "that they had revolted from the Aedui and made war upon the Roman people, being urged thereto by their nobles, who said that the Aedui, reduced to slavery by Caesar, were suffering every indignity and insult." + }, + { + "id": 6250, + "la": "Quieiusconsiliiprincipesfuissent,quodintellegerentquantamcalamitatemcivitatiintulissent,inBritanniamprofugisse", + "en": "That they who had been the leaders of that plot, because they perceived how great a calamity they had brought upon the state, had fled into Britain." + }, + { + "id": 6251, + "la": "PeterenonsolumBellovacos,sedetiamprohisHaeduos,utsuaclementiaacmansuetudineineosutatur", + "en": "That not only the Bellovaci, but also the Aedui, entreated him to use his [accustomed] clemency and lenity toward them" + }, + { + "id": 6252, + "la": "Quodsifecerit,HaeduorumauctoritatemapudomnesBelgasamplificaturum,quorumauxiliisatqueopibus,siquabellainciderint,sustentareconsuerint", + "en": "which if he did, he would increase the influence of the Aedui among all the Belgae, by whose succor and resources they had been accustomed to support themselves whenever any wars occurred.\"" + }, + { + "id": 6253, + "la": "CaesarhonorisDiviciaciatqueHaeduorumcausaseseeosinfidemrecepturumetconservaturumdixit,etquoderatcivitasmagnainterBelgasauctoritateatquehominummultitudinepraestabat,DCobsidespoposcit", + "en": "Caesar said that on account of his respect for Divitiacus and the Aeduans, he would receive them into his protection, and would spare them; but, because the state was of great influence among the Belgae, and pre-eminent in the number of its population, he demanded 600 hostages" + }, + { + "id": 6254, + "la": "Histraditisomnibusquearmisexoppidoconlatis,abeolocoinfinesAmbianorumpervenit;quisesuaqueomniasinemoradediderunt", + "en": "When these were delivered, and all the arms in the town collected, he went from that place into the territories of the Ambiani, who, without delay, surrendered themselves and all their possessions." + }, + { + "id": 6255, + "la": "EorumfinesNerviiattingebant.QuorumdenaturamoribusqueCaesarcumquaereret,sicreperiebat:", + "en": "Upon their territories bordered the Nervii, concerning whose character and customs when Caesar inquired he received the following information:" + }, + { + "id": 6256, + "la": "nullumesseaditumadeosmercatoribus;nihilpativinireliquarumquererumadluxuriampertinentiuminferri,quodhisrebusrelanguescereanimoseorumetremittivirtutemexistimarent;", + "en": "That there was no access for merchants to them; that they suffered no wine and other things tending to luxury to be imported; because, they thought that by their use the mind is enervated and the courage impaired" + }, + { + "id": 6257, + "la": "essehominesferosmagnaequevirtutis;increpitareatqueincusarereliquosBelgas,quisepopuloRomanodedidissentpatriamquevirtutemproiecissent;", + "en": "that they were a savage people and of great bravery: that they upbraided and condemned the rest of the Belgae who had surrendered themselves to the Roman people and thrown aside their national courage" + }, + { + "id": 6258, + "la": "confirmaresesenequelegatosmissurosnequeullamcondicionempacisaccepturos", + "en": "that they openly declared they would neither send embassadors, nor accept any condition of peace.\"" + }, + { + "id": 6259, + "la": "Cumpereorumfinestriduumiterfecisset,inveniebatexcaptivisSabimflumenacastrissuisnonampliusmilibuspassuumXabesse;", + "en": "After he had made three days march through their territories, he discovered from some prisoners, that the riverSambrewas not more than ten miles from his camp" + }, + { + "id": 6260, + "la": "transidflumenomnesNerviosconsedisseadventumqueibiRomanorumexpectareunacumAtrebatibusetViromanduis,finitimissuis", + "en": "that all the Nervii had stationed themselves on the other side of that river, and together with the Atrebates and the Veromandui, their neighbors, were there awaiting the arrival of the Romans;" + }, + { + "id": 6261, + "la": "(namhisutrisquepersuaserantutieandembellifortunamexperirentur);", + "en": "for they had persuaded both these nations to try the same fortune of war [as themselves]" + }, + { + "id": 6262, + "la": "expectarietiamabiisAtuatucorumcopiasatqueesseinitinere;", + "en": "that the forces of the Aduatuci were also expected by them, and were on their march" + }, + { + "id": 6263, + "la": "mulieresquiqueperaetatemadpugnaminutilesviderenturineumlocumconiecissequopropterpaludesexercituiaditusnonesset", + "en": "that they had put their women, and those who through age appeared useless for war, in a place to which there was no approach for an army, on account of the marshes" + }, + { + "id": 6264, + "la": "Hisrebuscognitis,exploratorescenturionesquepraemittitquilocumcastrisidoneumdeligant", + "en": "Having learned these things, he sends forward scouts and centurions to choose a convenient place for the camp." + }, + { + "id": 6265, + "la": "CumexdediticiisBelgisreliquisqueGalliscompluresCaesaremsecutiunaiterfacerent,quidamexhis,utposteaexcaptiviscognitumest,eorumdierumconsuetudineitinerisnostriexercitusperspecta,nocteadNerviosperveneruntatquehisdemonstraruntintersingulaslegionesimpedimentorummagnumnumerumintercedere,nequeessequicquamnegotii,cumprimalegioincastravenissetreliquaequelegionesmagnumspatiumabessent,hancsubsarcinisadoriri;", + "en": "And as a great many of the surrounding Belgae and other Gauls, following Caesar, marched with him; some of these, as was afterwards learned from the prisoners, having accurately observed, during those days, the army's method of marching, went by night to the Nervii, and informed them that a great number of baggage-trains passed between the several legions, and that there would be no difficulty, when the first legion had come into the camp, and the other legions were at a great distance, to attack that legion while under baggage," + }, + { + "id": 6266, + "la": "quapulsaimpedimentisquedireptis,futurumutreliquaecontraconsisterenonauderent", + "en": "which being routed, and the baggage-train seized, it would come to pass that the other legions would not dare to stand their ground" + }, + { + "id": 6267, + "la": "AdiuvabatetiameorumconsiliumquiremdeferebantquodNerviiantiquitus,cumequitatunihilpossent(nequeenimadhoctempuseireistudent,sedquicquidpossunt,pedestribusvalentcopiis),quofaciliusfinitimorumequitatum,sipraedandicausaadeosvenissent,impedirent,tenerisarboribusincisisatqueinflexiscrebrisqueinlatitudinemramisenatis[et]rubissentibusqueinteriectiseffecerantutinstarmurihaesaepesmunimentumpraeberent,quononmodononintrarisedneperspiciquidemposset", + "en": "It added weight also to the advice of those who reported that circumstance, that the Nervii, from early times, because they were weak in cavalry, (for not even at this time do they attend to it, but accomplish by their infantry whatever they can,) in order that they might the more easily obstruct the cavalry of their neighbors if they came upon them for the purpose of plundering, having cut young trees, and bent them, by means of their numerous branches [extending] on to the sides, and the quick-briars and thorns springing up between them, had made these hedges present a fortification like a wall, through which it was not only impossible to enter, but even to penetrate with the eye." + }, + { + "id": 6268, + "la": "Hisrebuscumiteragminisnostriimpediretur,nonomittendumsibiconsiliumNerviiexistimaverunt", + "en": "Since [therefore] the march of our army would be obstructed by these things, the Nervii thought that the advice ought not to be neglected by them." + }, + { + "id": 6269, + "la": "Locinaturaerathaec,quemlocumnostricastrisdelegerant.CollisabsummoaequaliterdeclivisadflumenSabim,quodsupranominavimus,vergebat", + "en": "The nature of the ground which our men had chosen for the camp was this: A hill, declining evenly from the top, extending to the riverSambre, which we have mentioned above" + }, + { + "id": 6270, + "la": "Abeofluminepariacclivitatecollisnascebaturadversushuicetcontrarius,passuscirciterCCinfimusapertus,absuperiorepartesilvestris,utnonfacileintrorsusperspiciposset", + "en": "from this river there arose a [second] hill of like ascent, on the other side and opposite to the former, and open for about 200 paces at the lower part; but in the upper part, woody, (so much so) that it was not easy to see through it into the interior." + }, + { + "id": 6271, + "la": "Intraeassilvashostesinoccultosesecontinebant;inapertolocosecundumflumenpaucaestationesequitumvidebantur.Fluminiserataltitudopedumcircitertrium", + "en": "Within these woods the enemy kept themselves in concealment; a few troops of horse-soldiers appeared on the open ground, along the river. The depth of the river was about three feet." + }, + { + "id": 6272, + "la": "Caesarequitatupraemissosubsequebaturomnibuscopiis;sedratioordoqueagminisalitersehabebatacBelgaeadNerviosdetulerant", + "en": "Caesar, having sent his cavalry on before, followed close after them with all his forces; but the plan and order of the march was different from that which the Belgae had reported to the Nervii." + }, + { + "id": 6273, + "la": "Namquodhostibusadpropinquabat,consuetudinesuaCaesarVIlegionesexpeditasducebat;", + "en": "For as he was approaching the enemy, Caesar, according to his custom, led on [as the van six legions unencumbered by baggage" + }, + { + "id": 6274, + "la": "posteastotiusexercitusimpedimentaconlocarat;indeduaelegionesquaeproximeconscriptaeeranttotumagmenclaudebantpraesidioqueimpedimentiserant", + "en": "behind them he had placed the baggage-trains of the whole army; then the two legions which had been last raised closed the rear, and were a guard for the baggage-train." + }, + { + "id": 6275, + "la": "Equitesnostricumfunditoribussagittariisqueflumentransgressicumhostiumequitatuproeliumcommiserunt", + "en": "Our horse, with the slingers and archers, having passed the river, commenced action with the cavalry of the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 6276, + "la": "Cumseilliidentideminsilvisadsuosreciperentacrursusexsilvainnostrosimpetumfacerent,nequenostrilongiusquamquemadfinemporrecta[ac]locaapertapertinebantcedentesinsequiauderent,interimlegionesVIquaeprimaevenerant,operedimenso,castramunirecoeperunt", + "en": "While they from time to time betook themselves into the woods to their companions, and again made an assault out of the wood upon our men, who did not dare to follow them in their retreat further than the limit to which the plain and open parts extended, in the mean time the six legions which had arrived first, having measured out the work, began to fortify the camp" + }, + { + "id": 6277, + "la": "Ubiprimaimpedimentanostriexercitusabiisquiinsilvisabditilatebantvisasunt,quodtempusintereoscommittendiproeliiconvenerat,utintrasilvasaciemordinesqueconstituerantatqueipsiseseconfirmaverant,subitoomnibuscopiisprovolaveruntimpetumqueinnostrosequitesfecerunt", + "en": "When the first part of the baggage train of our army was seen by those who lay hid in the woods, which had been agreed on among them as the time for commencing action, as soon as they had arranged their line of battle and formed their ranks within the woods, and had encouraged one another, they rushed out suddenly with all their forces and made an attack upon our horse." + }, + { + "id": 6278, + "la": "Hisfacilepulsisacproturbatis,incredibiliceleritateadflumendecucurrerunt,utpaeneunotemporeetadsilvasetinflumine[etiaminmanibusnostris]hostesviderentur", + "en": "The latter being easily routed and thrown into confusion, the Nervii ran down to the river with such incredible speed that they seemed to be in the woods, the river, and close upon us almost at the same time." + }, + { + "id": 6279, + "la": "Eademautemceleritateadversocolleadnostracastraatqueeosquiinopereoccupatierantcontenderunt", + "en": "And with the same speed they hastened up the hill to our camp, and to those who were employed in the works." + }, + { + "id": 6280, + "la": "Caesariomniaunotemporeerantagenda:vexillumproponendum,quoderatinsigne,cumadarmaconcurrioporteret;signumtubadandum;abopererevocandimilites;quipaulolongiusaggerispetendicausaprocesserantarcessendi;aciesinstruenda;militescohortandi;signumdandum.Quarumrerummagnampartemtemporisbrevitasetincursushostiumimpediebat", + "en": "Caesar had every thing to do at one time: the standard to be displayed, which was the sign when it was necessary to run to arms; the signal to be given by the trumpet; the soldiers to be called off from the works; those who had proceeded some distance for the purpose of seeking materials for the rampart, to be summoned; the order of battle to be formed; the soldiers to be encouraged; the watchword to be given. A great part of these arrangements was prevented by the shortness of time and the sudden approach and charge of the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 6281, + "la": "Hisdifficultatibusduaereserantsubsidio,scientiaatqueususmilitum,quodsuperioribusproeliisexercitatiquidfierioporteretnonminuscommodeipsisibipraescriberequamabaliisdoceripoterant,etquodaboperesingulisquelegionibussinguloslegatosCaesardiscederenisimunitiscastrisvetuerat", + "en": "Under these difficulties two things proved of advantage; [first] the skill and experience of the soldiers, because, having been trained by former engagements, they could suggest to themselves what ought to be done, as conveniently as receive information from others; and [secondly] that Caesar had forbidden his several lieutenants to depart from the works and their respective legions, before the camp was fortified." + }, + { + "id": 6282, + "la": "HipropterpropinquitatemetceleritatemhostiumnihiliamCaesarisimperiumexpectabant,sedpersequaevidebanturadministrabant", + "en": "These, on account of the near approach and the speed of the enemy, did not then wait for any command from Caesar, but of themselves executed whatever appeared proper" + }, + { + "id": 6283, + "la": "Caesar,necessariisrebusimperatis,adcohortandosmilites,quam[in]partemforsobtulit,decucurritetadlegionemdecimamdevenit", + "en": "Caesar, having given the necessary orders, hastened to and fro into whatever quarter fortune carried him, to animate the troops, and came to the tenth legion." + }, + { + "id": 6284, + "la": "Militesnonlongioreorationecohortatusquamutisuaepristinaevirtutismemoriamretinerentneuperturbarenturanimohostiumqueimpetumfortitersustinerent,", + "en": "Having encouraged the soldiers with no further speech than that \"they should keep up the remembrance of their wonted valor, and not be confused in mind, but valiantly sustain the assault of the enemy" + }, + { + "id": 6285, + "la": "quodnonlongiushostesaberantquamquotelumadigiposset,proeliicommittendisignumdedit", + "en": "as the latter were not further from them than the distance to which a dart could be cast, he gave the signal for commencing battle." + }, + { + "id": 6286, + "la": "Atqueinalteramitemcohortandicausaprofectuspugnantibusoccurrit", + "en": "And having gone to another quarter for the purpose of encouraging [the soldiers], he finds them fighting." + }, + { + "id": 6287, + "la": "Temporistantafuitexiguitashostiumquetamparatusaddimicandumanimusutnonmodoadinsigniaaccommodandasedetiamadgaleasinduendasscutisquetegimentadetrahendatempusdefuerit", + "en": "Such was the shortness of the time, and so determined was the mind of the enemy on fighting, that time was wanting not only for affixing the military insignia, but even for putting on the helmets and drawing off the covers from the shields." + }, + { + "id": 6288, + "la": "Quamquisqueabopereinpartemcasudevenitquaequeprimasignaconspexit,adhaecconstitit,neinquaerendissuispugnanditempusdimitteret", + "en": "To whatever part any one by chance came from the works (in which he had been employed), and whatever standards he saw first, at these he stood, lest in seeking his own company he should lose the time for fighting." + }, + { + "id": 6289, + "la": "Instructoexercitumagisutlocinatura[delectusquecollis]etnecessitastemporisquamutreimilitarisratioatqueordopostulabat,cumdiversaelegionesaliaealiainpartehostibusresisterentsaepibusquedensissimis,utantedemonstravimus,interiectisprospectusimpediretur,nequecertasubsidiaconlocarinequequidinquaqueparteopusessetproviderinequeabunoomniaimperiaadministraripoterant", + "en": "The army having been marshaled, rather as the nature of the ground and the declivity of the hill and the exigency of the time, than as the method and order of military matters required; while the legions in the different places were withstanding the enemy, some in one quarter, some in another, and the view was obstructed by the very thick hedges intervening, as we have before remarked, neither could proper reserves be posted, nor could the necessary measures be taken in each part, nor could all the commands be issued by one person." + }, + { + "id": 6290, + "la": "Itaqueintantareruminiquitatefortunaequoqueeventusvariisequebantur", + "en": "Therefore, in such an unfavorable state of affairs, various events of fortune followed." + }, + { + "id": 6291, + "la": "LegionisVIIII.etX.milites,utinsinistraparteacieiconstiterant,pilisemissiscursuaclassitudineexanimatosvulneribusqueconfectosAtrebates(namhiseaparsobvenerat)celeriterexlocosuperioreinflumencompuleruntettransireconantesinsecutigladiismagnampartemeorumimpeditaminterfecerunt", + "en": "The soldiers of the ninth and tenth legions, as they had been stationed on the left part of the army, casting their weapons, speedily drove the Atrebates (for that division had been opposed to them,) who were breathless with running and fatigue, and worn out with wounds, from the higher ground into the river; and following them as they were endeavoring to pass it, slew with their swords a great part of them while impeded (therein)." + }, + { + "id": 6292, + "la": "Ipsitransireflumennondubitaveruntetinlocuminiquumprogressirursusresistenteshostesredintegratoproelioinfugamconiecerunt", + "en": "They themselves did not hesitate to pass the river; and having advanced to a disadvantageous place, when the battle was renewed, they [nevertheless] again put to flight the enemy, who had returned and were opposing them." + }, + { + "id": 6293, + "la": "Itemaliainpartediversaeduaelegiones,XI.etVIII.,profligatisViromanduis,quibuscumerantcongressae,exlocosuperioreinipsisfluminisripisproeliabantur", + "en": "In like manner, in another quarter two different legions, the eleventh and the eighth, having routed the Veromandui, with whom they had engaged, were fighting from the higher ground upon the very banks of the river" + }, + { + "id": 6294, + "la": "Attotisferecastrisafronteetasinistrapartenudatis,cumindextrocornulegioXII.etnonmagnoabeaintervalloVII.constitisset,omnesNerviiconfertissimoagmineduceBoduognato,quisummamimperiitenebat,adeumlocumcontenderunt;quorumparsabapertolaterelegionescircumvenire,parssummumcastrorumlocumpeterecoepit", + "en": "But, almost the whole camp on the front and on the left side being then exposed, since the twelfth legion was posted in the right wing, and the seventh at no great distance from it, all the Nervii, in a very close body, with Boduognatus, who held the chief command, as their leader, hastened toward that place; and part of them began to surround the legions on their unprotected flank, part to make for the highest point of the encampment." + }, + { + "id": 6295, + "la": "Eodemtemporeequitesnostrilevisquearmaturaepedites,quicumiisunafuerant,quosprimohostiumimpetupulsosdixeram,cumseincastrareciperent,adversishostibusoccurrebantacrursusaliaminpartemfugampetebant;", + "en": "infantry, who had been with those, who, as I have related, were routed by the first assault of the enemy, as they were betaking themselves into the camp, met the enemy face to face, and again sought flight into another quarter" + }, + { + "id": 6296, + "la": "etcalones,quiabdecumanaportaacsummoiugocollisnostrosvictoresflumentransireconspexerant,praedandicausaegressi,cumrespexissentethostesinnostriscastrisversarividissent,praecipitesfugaesesemandabant", + "en": "and the camp-followers who from the Decuman Gate, and from the highest ridge of the hill had seen our men pass the river as victors, when, after going out for the purposes of plundering, they looked back and saw the enemy parading in our camp, committed themselves precipitately to flight;" + }, + { + "id": 6297, + "la": "Simuleorumquicumimpedimentisveniebantclamorfremitusqueoriebatur,aliiquealiaminpartemperterritiferebantur", + "en": "at the same time there arose the cry and shout of those who came with the baggage-train: and they (affrighted), were carried some one way, some another." + }, + { + "id": 6298, + "la": "QuibusomnibusrebuspermotiequitesTreveri,quoruminterGallosvirtutisopinioestsingularis,quiauxiliicausaacivitatemissiadCaesaremvenerant,cummultitudinehostiumcastra[nostra]compleri,legionespremietpaenecircumventasteneri,calones,equites,tunditores,Numidasdiversosdissipatosqueinomnespartesfugerevidissent,desperatisnostrisrebusdomumcontenderunt:", + "en": "By all these circumstances the cavalry of theTreviriwere much alarmed, (whose reputation for courage is extraordinary among the Gauls, and who had come to Caesar, being sent by their state as auxiliaries), and, when they saw our camp filled with a large number of the enemy, the legions hard pressed and almost held surrounded, the camp-retainers, horsemen, slingers, and Numidians fleeing on all sides divided and scattered, they, despairing of our affairs, hastened home" + }, + { + "id": 6299, + "la": "Romanospulsossuperatosque,castrisimpedimentisqueeorumhostespotitoscivitatirenuntiaverunt", + "en": "and related to their state that the Romans were routed and conquered, [and] that the enemy were in possession of their camp and baggage-train." + }, + { + "id": 6300, + "la": "Caesarabdecimaelegioniscohortationeaddextrumcornuprofectus,ubisuosurgerisignisqueinunumlocumconlatisduodecimaelegionisconfertosmilitessibiipsosadpugnamesseimpedimentovidit,quartaecohortisomnibuscenturionibusoccisissigniferoqueinterfecto,signoamisso,reliquarumcohortiumomnibusferecenturionibusautvulneratisautoccisis,inhisprimipiloP.SextioBaculo,fortissimoviro,multisgravibusquevulneribusconfecto,utiamsesustinerenonposset,reliquosessetardioresetnonnullosabnovissimisdesertoproelioexcedereactelavitare,hostesnequeafronteexinferiorelocosubeuntesintermittereetabutroquelatereinstareetremesseinangustovidit,nequeullumessesubsidiumquodsubmittiposset,", + "en": "Caesarproceeded, after encouraging the tenth legion, to the right wing; where he perceived that his men were hard pressed, and that in consequence of the standards of the twelfth legion being collected together in one place, the crowded soldiers were a hinderance to themselves in the fight; that all the centurions of the fourth cohort were slain, and the standard-bearer killed, the standard itself lost, almost all the centurions of the other cohorts either wounded or slain, and among them the chief centurion of the legionP. Sextius Baculus, a very valiant man, who was so exhausted by many and severe wounds, that he was already unable to support himself; he likewise perceived that the rest were slackening their efforts, and that some, deserted by those in the rear, were retiring from the battle and avoiding the weapons; that the enemy [on the other hand] though advancing from the lower ground, were not relaxing in front, and were [at the same time] pressing hard on both flanks; he also perceived that the affair was at a crisis, and that there was not any reserve which could be brought up," + }, + { + "id": 6301, + "la": "scutoabnovissimis[uni]militidetracto,quodipseeosinescutovenerat,inprimamaciemprocessitcenturionibusquenominatimappellatisreliquoscohortatusmilitessignainferreetmanipuloslaxareiussit,quofaciliusgladiisutipossent", + "en": "having therefore snatched a shield from one of the soldiers in the rear (for he himself had come without a shield), he advanced to the front of the line, and addressing the centurions by name, and encouraging the rest of the soldiers, he ordered them to carry forward the standards, and extend the companies, that they might the more easily use their swords." + }, + { + "id": 6302, + "la": "Cuiusadventuspeinlatamilitibusacredintegratoanimo,cumprosequisqueinconspectuimperatorisetiaminextremissuisrebusoperamnavarecuperet,paulumhostiumimpetustardatusest", + "en": "On his arrival, as hope was brought to the soldiers and their courage restored, while every one for his own part, in the sight of his general, desired to exert his utmost energy, the impetuosity of the enemy was a little checked." + }, + { + "id": 6303, + "la": "Caesar,cumseptimamlegionem,quaeiuxtaconstiterat,itemurgeriabhostevidisset,tribunosmilitummonuitutpaulatimseselegionesconiungerentetconversasignainhostesinferrent", + "en": "Caesar, when he perceived that the seventh legion, which stood close by him, was also hard pressed by the enemy, directed the tribunes of the soldiers to effect a junction of the legions gradually, and make their charge upon the enemy with a double front;" + }, + { + "id": 6304, + "la": "Quofactocumaliisaliisubsidiumferrentnequetimerentneaversiabhostecircumvenirentur,audaciusresistereacfortiuspugnarecoeperunt", + "en": "which having been done, since they brought assistance the one to the other, nor feared lest their rear should be surrounded by the enemy, they began to stand their ground more boldly, and to fight more courageously." + }, + { + "id": 6305, + "la": "Interimmiliteslegionumduarumquaeinnovissimoagminepraesidioimpedimentisfuerant,proelionuntiato,cursuincitatoinsummocolleabhostibusconspiciebantur,", + "en": "In the mean time, the soldiers of the two legions which had been in the rear of the army, as a guard for the baggage-train, upon the battle being reported to them, quickened their pace, and were seen by the enemy on the top of the hill;" + }, + { + "id": 6306, + "la": "etT.LabienuscastrishostiumpotitusetexlocosuperiorequaeresinnostriscastrisgererenturconspicatusX.legionemsubsidionostrismisit", + "en": "and Titus Labienus, having gained possession of the camp of the enemy, and observed from the higher ground what was going on in our camp, sent the tenth legion as a relief to our men," + }, + { + "id": 6307, + "la": "Quicumexequitumetcalonumfugaquoinlocoresessetquantoqueinpericuloetcastraetlegionesetimperatorversareturcognovissent,nihiladceleritatemsibireliquifecerunt", + "en": "who, when they had learned from the flight of the horse and the sutlers in what position the affair was, and in how great danger the camp and the legion and the commander were involved, left undone nothing [which tended] to dispatch." + }, + { + "id": 6308, + "la": "Horumadventutantarerumcommutatioestfactautnostri,etiamquivulneribusconfectiprocubuissent,scutisinnixiproeliumredintegrarent,calonesperterritoshostesconspicatietiaminermesarmatisoccurrerent,", + "en": "By their arrival, so great a change of matters was made, that our men, even those who had fallen down exhausted with wounds, leaned on their shields, and renewed the fight: then the camp-retainers, though unarmed, seeing the enemy completely dismayed, attacked [them though] armed" + }, + { + "id": 6309, + "la": "equitesvero,utturpitudinemfugaevirtutedelerent,omnibusinlocispugnaeselegionariismilitibuspraeferrent", + "en": "the horsemen too, that they might by their valor blot the disgrace of their flight, thrust themselves before the legionary soldiers in all parts of the battle." + }, + { + "id": 6310, + "la": "Athostes,etiaminextremaspesalutis,tantamvirtutempraestiteruntut,cumprimieorumcecidissent,proximiiacentibusinsisterentatqueexeorumcorporibuspugnarent,", + "en": "But the enemy, even in the last hope of safety, displayed such great courage, that when the foremost of them had fallen, the next stood upon them prostrate, and fought from their bodies" + }, + { + "id": 6311, + "la": "hisdeiectisetcoacervatiscadaveribusquisuperessentutextumulotelainnostroscoicerentetpilainterceptaremitterent:", + "en": "when these were overthrown, and their corpses heaped up together, those who survived cast their weapons against our men [thence], as from a mound, and returned our darts which had fallen short between [the armies];" + }, + { + "id": 6312, + "la": "utnonnequiquamtantaevirtutishominesiudicarideberetausosessetransirelatissimumflumen,ascenderealtissimasripas,subireiniquissimumlocum;quaefaciliaexdifficillimisanimimagnitudoredegerat", + "en": "so that it ought not to be concluded, that men of such great courage had injudiciously dared to pass a very broad river, ascend very high banks, and come up to a very disadvantageous place; since their greatness of spirit had rendered these actions easy, although in themselves very difficult." + }, + { + "id": 6313, + "la": "HocproeliofactoetpropeadinternecionemgenteacnomineNerviorumredacto,maioresnatu,quosunacumpuerismulieribusqueinaestuariaacpaludesconiectosdixeramus,hacpugnanuntiata,cumvictoribusnihilimpeditum,victisnihiltutumarbitrarentur,", + "en": "This battle being ended, and the nation and name of the Nervii being almost reduced to annihilation, their old men, whom together with the boys and women we have stated to have been collected together in the fenny places and marshes, on this battle having been reported to them, since they were convinced that nothing was an obstacle to the conquerors, and nothing safe to the conquered" + }, + { + "id": 6314, + "la": "omniumquisupererantconsensulegatosadCaesaremmiseruntsequeeidediderunt;etincommemorandacivitatiscalamitateexDCadtressenatores,exhominummilibusLXvixadD,quiarmaferrepossent,seseredactosessedixerunt", + "en": "sent embassadors to Caesar by the consent of all who remained, and surrendered themselves to him; and in recounting the calamity of their state, said that their senators were reduced from 600 to three; that from 60,000 men they [were reduced] to scarcely 500 who could bear arms;" + }, + { + "id": 6315, + "la": "QuosCaesar,utinmiserosacsupplicesususmisericordiavideretur,diligentissimeconservavitsuisquefinibusatqueoppidisutiiussitetfinitimisimperavitutabiniuriaetmaleficiosesuosqueprohiberent", + "en": "whom Caesar, that he might appear to use compassion toward the wretched and the suppliant, most carefully spared; and ordered them to enjoy their own territories and towns, and commanded their neighbors that they should restrain themselves and their dependents from offering injury or outrage [to them]." + }, + { + "id": 6316, + "la": "Atuatuci,dequibussupradiximus,cumomnibuscopiisauxilioNerviisvenirent,hacpugnanuntiataexitineredomumreverterunt;", + "en": "When the Aduatuci, of whom we have written above, were coming up with all their forces to the assistance of the Nervii, upon this battle being reported to them, they returned home after they were on the march;" + }, + { + "id": 6317, + "la": "cunctisoppidiscastellisquedesertissuaomniainunumoppidumegregienaturamunitumcontulerunt", + "en": "eserting all their towns and forts, they conveyed together all their possessions into one town, eminently fortified by nature" + }, + { + "id": 6318, + "la": "Quodcumexomnibusincircuitupartibusaltissimasrupesdeiectusquehaberet,unaexparteleniteracclivisaditusinlatitudinemnonampliuspedumCCrelinquebatur;quemlocumduplicialtissimomuromunierant;tummagniponderissaxaetpraeacutastrabesinmuroconlocabant", + "en": "While this town had on all sides around it very high rocks and precipices, there was left on one side a gently ascending approach, of not more than 200 feet in width; which place they had fortified with a very lofty double wall: besides, they had placed stones of great weight and sharpened stakes upon the walls" + }, + { + "id": 6319, + "la": "IpsierantexCimbrisTeutonisqueprognati,qui,cumiterinprovinciamnostramatqueItaliam;facerent,iisimpedimentisquaesecumagereacportarenonpoterantcitraflumenRhenumdepositiscustodiae[exsuis]acpraesidioVImiliahominumunareliquerant", + "en": "They were descended from the Cimbri and Teutones, who, when they were marching into our province and Italy, having deposited on this side the riverRhinesuch of their baggage-trains as they could not drive or convey with them, left 6,000 of their men as a guard and defense for them" + }, + { + "id": 6320, + "la": "Hiposteorumobitummultosannosafinitimisexagitati,cumaliasbelluminferrent,aliasinlatumdefenderent,consensueorumomniumpacefactahuncsibidomiciliolocumdelegerant", + "en": "These having, after the destruction of their countrymen, been harassed for many years by their neighbors, while one time they waged war offensively, and at another resisted it when waged against them, concluded a peace with the consent of all, and chose this place as their settlement." + }, + { + "id": 6321, + "la": "Acprimoadventuexercitusnostricrebrasexoppidoexcursionesfaciebantparvulisqueproeliiscumnostriscontendebant;", + "en": "And on the first arrival of our army they made frequent sallies from the town, and contended with our men in trifling skirmishes" + }, + { + "id": 6322, + "la": "posteavallopedumXIIincircuituXVmiliumcrebrisquecastelliscircummunitioppidosesecontinebant", + "en": "afterward, when hemmed in by a rampart of twelve feet [in height], and fifteen miles in circuit, they kept themselves within the town." + }, + { + "id": 6323, + "la": "Ubivineisactisaggereextructoturrimproculconstituividerunt,primuminridereexmuroatqueincrepitarevocibus,quodtantamachinatioatantospatioinstitueretur:", + "en": "When, vineae having been brought up and a mound raised, they observed that a tower also was being built at a distance, they at first began to mock the Romans from their wall, and to taunt them with the following speeches." + }, + { + "id": 6324, + "la": "quibusnammallibusautquibusviribuspraesertimhominestantulaestaturae(namplerumqueomnibusGallispraemagnitudinecorporumquorumbrevitasnostracontemptuiest)tantioneristurriminmuroseseposseconlocareconfiderent?", + "en": "\"For what purpose was so vast a machine constructed at so great a distance? With what hands,\" or \"with what strength did they, especially [as they were] men of such very small stature\" (for our shortness of stature, in comparison to the great size of their bodies, is generally a subject of much contempt to the men of Gaul) \"trust to place against their walls a tower of such great weight.\"" + }, + { + "id": 6325, + "la": "Ubiveromoverietadpropinquaremurisviderunt,novaatqueinusitataspeciecommotilegatosadCaesaremdepacemiserunt,quiadhuncmodumlocuti,", + "en": "But when they saw that it was being moved, and was approaching their walls, startled by the new and unaccustomed sight, they sent embassadors to Caesar [to treat] about peace; who spoke in the following manner:" + }, + { + "id": 6326, + "la": "nonseexistimareRomanossineopedivinabellumgerere,quitantaealtitudinismachinationestantaceleritatepromoverepossent,", + "en": "\"That they did not believe the Romans waged war without divine aid, since they were able to move forward machines of such a height with so great speed," + }, + { + "id": 6327, + "la": "sesuaqueomniaeorumpotestatipermitteredixerunt", + "en": "and thus fight from close quarters; that they resigned themselves and all their possessions to [Caesar's] disposal" + }, + { + "id": 6328, + "la": "Unumpetereacdeprecari:siforteprosuaclementiaacmansuetudine,quamipsiabaliisaudirent,statuissetAtuatucosesseconservandos,nesearmisdespoliaret", + "en": "that they begged and earnestly entreated one thing, viz., that if perchance, agreeable to his clemency and humanity, which they had heard of from others, he should resolve that the Aduatuci were to be spared, he would not deprive them of their arms" + }, + { + "id": 6329, + "la": "Sibiomnesferefinitimosesseinimicosacsuaevirtutiinvidere;aquibussedefellderetraditisarmisnonpossent", + "en": "that all their neighbors were enemies to them and envied their courage, from whom they could not defend themselves if their arms were delivered up" + }, + { + "id": 6330, + "la": "Sibipraestare,siineumcasumdeducerentur,quamvisfortunamapopuloRomanopatiquamabhispercruciatuminterficiinterquosdominariconsuessent", + "en": "that it was better for them, if they should be reduced to that state, to suffer any fate from the Roman people, than to be tortured to death by those among whom they had been accustomed to rule.\"" + }, + { + "id": 6331, + "la": "AdhaecCaesarrespondit:semagisconsuetudinesuaquammeritoeorumcivitatemconservaturum,sipriusquammurumariesattigissetsededidissent;", + "en": "To these things Caesar replied, \"That he, in accordance with his custom, rather than owing to their desert, should spare the state, if they should surrender themselves before the battering-ram should touch the wall" + }, + { + "id": 6332, + "la": "seddeditionisnullamessecondicionemnisiarmistraditis.SeidquodinNerviisfecissetfacturumfinitimisqueimperaturumnequamdediticiispopuliRomaniiniuriaminferrent", + "en": "but that there was no condition of surrender, except upon their arms being delivered up; that he should do to them that which he had done in the case of the Nervii, and would command their neighbors not to offer any injury to those who had surrendered to the Roman people.\"" + }, + { + "id": 6333, + "la": "Rerenuntiataadsuosillisequaeimperarenturfaceredixerunt", + "en": "The matter being reported to their countrymen, they said that they would execute his commands" + }, + { + "id": 6334, + "la": "Armorummagnamultitudinedemuroinfossam,quaeeratanteoppidum,iacta,sicutpropesummammuriaggerisquealtitudinemacerviarmorumadaequarent,ettamencirciterpartetertia,utposteaperspectumest,celataatqueinoppidoretenta,portispatefactiseodiepacesuntusi", + "en": "Having cast a very large quantity of their arms from the wall into the trench that was before the town, so that the heaps of arms almost equalled the top of the wall and the rampart, and nevertheless having retained and concealed, as we afterward discovered, about a third part in the town, the gates were opened, and they enjoyed peace for that day." + }, + { + "id": 6335, + "la": "SubvesperumCaesarportasclaudimilitesqueexoppidoexireiussit,nequamnoctuoppidaniamilitibusiniuriamacciperent", + "en": "Toward evening Caesar ordered the gates to be shut, and the soldiers to go out of the town, lest the towns-people should receive any injury from them by night." + }, + { + "id": 6336, + "la": "Illianteinito,utintellectumest,consilio,quoddeditionefactanostrospraesidiadeducturosautdeniqueindiligentiusservaturoscrediderant,partimcumiisquaeretinuerantetcelaverantarmis,partimscutisexcorticefactisautviminibusintextis,quaesubito,uttemporisexiguitaspostulabat,pellibusinduxerant,tertiavigilia,quaminimearduusadnostrasmunitionesaccensusvidebatur,omnibuscopiisrepenteexoppidoeruptionemfecerunt", + "en": "They [the Aduatuci], by a design before entered into, as we afterwards understood, because they believed that, as a surrender had been made, our men would dismiss their guards, or at least would keep watch less carefully, partly with those arms which they had retained and concealed, partly with shields made of bark or interwoven wickers, which they had hastily covered over with skins, (as the shortness of time required) in the third watch, suddenly made a sally from the town with all their forces [in that direction] in which the ascent to our fortifications seemed the least difficult." + }, + { + "id": 6337, + "la": "Celeriter,utanteCaesarimperaverat,ignibussignificationefacta,exproximiscastelliseoconcursumest,", + "en": "The signal having been immediately given by fires, as Caesar had previously commended, a rush was made thither [i. e. by the Roman soldiers] from the nearest fort;" + }, + { + "id": 6338, + "la": "pugnatumqueabhostibusitaacriterestutavirisfortibusinextremaspesalutisiniquolococontraeosquiexvalloturribusquetelaiacerentpugnaridebuit,cuminunavirtuteomnisspesconsisteret", + "en": "and the battle was fought by the enemy as vigorously as it ought to be fought by brave men, in the last hope of safety, in a disadvantageous place, and against those who were throwing their weapons from a rampart and from towers; since all hope of safety depended on their courage alone" + }, + { + "id": 6339, + "la": "OccisisadhominummilibusIIIIreliquiinoppidumreiectisunt", + "en": "About 4,000 of the men having been slain, the rest were forced back into the town." + }, + { + "id": 6340, + "la": "Postridieeiusdieirefractisportis,cumiamdefenderetnemo,atqueintromissismilitibusnostris,sectionemeiusoppidiuniversaCaesarvendidit", + "en": "The day after, Caesar, after breaking open the gates, which there was no one then to defend, and sending in our soldiers, sold the whole spoil of that town." + }, + { + "id": 6341, + "la": "AbiisquiemerantcapitumnumerusadeumrelatusestmiliumLIII", + "en": "The number of 53,000 persons was reported to him by those who had bought them." + }, + { + "id": 6342, + "la": "EodemtemporeaP.Crasso,quemcumlegioneunamiseratadVenetos,Venellos,Osismos,Coriosolitas,Esuvios,Aulercos,Redones,quaesuntmaritimaecivitatesOceanumqueattingunt,certiorfactusestomneseascivitatesindicionempotestatemquepopuliRomaniesseredactas", + "en": "At the same time he was informed by P. Crassus, whom he had sent with one legion against the Veneti, the Unelli, the Osismii, the Curiosolitae, the Sesuvii, the Aulerci, and the Rhedones, which are maritime states, and touch upon the [Atlantic] ocean, that all these nations were brought under the dominion and power of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 6343, + "la": "HisrebusgestisomniGalliapacata,tantahuiusbelliadbarbarosopinioperlataestutiabiisnationibusquaetransRhenumincolerentlegationesadCaesaremmitterentur,quaeseobsidesdaturas,imperatafacturaspollicerentur", + "en": "These things being achieved, [and] all Gaul being subdued, so high an opinion of this war was spread among the barbarians, that embassadors were sent to Caesar by those nations who dwelt beyond the Rhine , to promise that they would give hostages and execute his commands." + }, + { + "id": 6344, + "la": "QuaslegationesCaesar,quodinItaliamIllyricumqueproperabat,initaproximaaestateadserevertiiussit", + "en": "Which embassies Caesar, because he was hastening into Italy and Illyricum , ordered to return to him at the beginning of the following summer." + }, + { + "id": 6345, + "la": "IpseinCarnutes,Andes,Turonosquaequecivitatespropinquaeiislociserantubibellumgesserat,legionibusinhibernadeductis,inItaliamprofectusest", + "en": "He himself, having led his legions into winter quarters among the Carnutes, the Andes, and the Turones , which states were close to those regions in which he had waged war, set out for Italy;" + }, + { + "id": 6346, + "la": "ObeasqueresexlitterisCaesarisdierumXVsupplicatiodecretaest,quodanteidtempusacciditnulli", + "en": "and a thanksgiving of fifteen days was decreed for those achievements, upon receiving Caesar's letter; [an honor] which before that time had been conferred on none." + }, + { + "id": 6347, + "la": "CuminItaliamproficiscereturCaesar,Ser.GalbamcumlegioneXII.etparteequitatusinNantuates,VeragrosSedunosquemisit,quiafinibusAllobrogumetlacuLemannoetflumineRhodanoadsummasAlpespertinent", + "en": "When Caesar was setting out for Italy, he sent Servius Galba with the twelfth legion and part of the cavalry, against the Nantuates, the Veragri, and Seduni, who extend from the territories of the Allobroges, and the lake of Geneva , and the River Rhone to the top of the Alps." + }, + { + "id": 6348, + "la": "CausamittendifuitquoditerperAlpes,quomagnocumpericulomagnisquecumportoriismercatoresireconsuerant,patefierivolebat", + "en": "The reason for sending him was, that he desired that the pass along the Alps , through which [the Roman] merchants had been accustomed to travel with great danger, and under great imposts, should be opened." + }, + { + "id": 6349, + "la": "Huicpermisit,siopusessearbitraretur,utiinhislocislegionemhiemandicausaconlocaret", + "en": "He permitted him, if he thought it necessary, to station the legion in these places, for the purpose of wintering." + }, + { + "id": 6350, + "la": "Galbasecundisaliquotproeliisfactiscastellisquecompluribuseorumexpugnatis,missisadeumundiquelegatisobsidibusquedatisetpacefacta,constituitcohortesduasinNantuatibusconlocareetipsecumreliquiseiuslegioniscohortibusinvicoVeragrorum,quiappellaturOctodurushiemare;", + "en": "Galba having fought some successful battles and stormed several of their forts, upon embassadors being sent to him from all parts and hostages given and a peace concluded, determined to station two cohorts among the Nantuates, and to winter in person with the other cohorts of that legion in a village of the Veragri, which is called Octodurus" + }, + { + "id": 6351, + "la": "quivicuspositusinvallenonmagnaadiectaplanitiealtissimismontibusundiquecontinetur", + "en": "and this village being situated in a valley, with a small plain annexed to it, is bounded on all sides by very high mountains" + }, + { + "id": 6352, + "la": "Cumhicinduaspartesfluminedivideretur,alterampartemeiusviciGallis[adhiemandum]concessit,alteramvacuamabhisrelictamcohortibusattribuit.Eumlocumvallofossaquemunivit", + "en": "As this village was divided into two parts by a river, he granted one part of it to the Gauls, and assigned the other, which had been left by them unoccupied, to the cohorts to winter in. He fortified this [latter] part with a rampart and a ditch." + }, + { + "id": 6353, + "la": "Cumdieshibernorumcomplurestransissentfrumentumqueeocomportariiussisset,subitoperexploratorescertiorfactusestexeapartevici,quamGallisconcesserat,omnesnoctudiscessissemontesquequiimpenderentamaximamultitudineSedunorumetVeragrorumteneri", + "en": "When several days had elapsed in winter quarters, and he had ordered corn to be brought in he was suddenly informed by his scouts that all the people had gone off in the night from that part of the town which he had given up to the Gauls, and that the mountains which hung over it were occupied by a very large force of the Seduni and Veragri." + }, + { + "id": 6354, + "la": "Idaliquotdecausisacciderat,utsubitoGallibellirenovandilegionisqueopprimendaeconsiliumcaperent:", + "en": "It had happened for several reasons that the Gauls suddenly formed the design of renewing the war and cutting off that legion" + }, + { + "id": 6355, + "la": "primum,quodlegionemnequeeamplenissimamdetractiscohortibusduabusetcompluribussingillatim,quicommeatuspetendicausamissierant,absentibuspropterpaucitatemdespiciebant;", + "en": "First, because they despised a single legion, on account of its small number, and that not quite full (two cohorts having been detached, and several individuals being absent, who had been dispatched for the purpose of seeking provision);" + }, + { + "id": 6356, + "la": "tumetiam,quodpropteriniquitatemloci,cumipsiexmontibusinvallemdecurrerentettelacoicerent,neprimumquidemimpetumsuumpossesustineriexistimabant", + "en": "then, likewise, because they thought that on account of the disadvantageous character of the situation, even their first attack could not be sustained [by us] when they would rush from the mountains into the valley, and discharge their weapons upon us." + }, + { + "id": 6357, + "la": "Accedebatquodsuosabseliberosabstractosobsidumnominedolebant,etRomanosnonsolumitinerumcausasedetiamperpetuaepossessionisculminaAlpiumoccupareconarietealocafinitimaeprovinciaeadiungeresibipersuasumhabebant", + "en": "To this was added, that they were indignant that their children were torn from them under the title of hostages, and they were persuaded that the Romans designed to seize upon the summits of the Alps , and unite those parts to the neighboring province [of Gaul], not only to secure the passes, but also a constant possession." + }, + { + "id": 6358, + "la": "HisnuntiisacceptisGalba,cumnequeopushibernorummunitionesquepleneessentperfectaenequedefrumentoreliquoquecommeatusatisessetprovisumquoddeditionefactaobsidibusqueacceptisnihildebellotimendumexistimaverat,consilioceleriterconvocatosententiasexquirerecoepit", + "en": "Having received these tidings, Galba, since the works of the winter-quarters and the fortifications were not fully completed, nor was sufficient preparation made with regard to corn and other provisions (since, as a surrender had been made, and hostages received, he had thought he need entertain no apprehension of war), speedily summoning a council, began to anxiously inquire their opinions" + }, + { + "id": 6359, + "la": "Quoinconsilio,cumtantumrepentinipericulipraeteropinionemaccidissetaciamomniaferesuperioralocamultitudinearmatorumcompletaconspicerenturnequesubsidiovenirinequecommeatussupportariinterclusisitineribuspossent,", + "en": "In which council, since so much sudden danger had happened contrary to the general expectation, and almost all the higher places were seen already covered with a multitude of armed men, nor could [either] troops come to their relief, or provisions be brought in, as the passes were blocked up [by the enemy];" + }, + { + "id": 6360, + "la": "propeiamdesperatasalutenonnullaeeiusmodisententiaedicebantur,utimpedimentisrelictiseruptionefactaisdemitineribusquibuseopervenissentadsalutemcontenderent", + "en": "safety being now nearly despaired of, some opinions of this sort were delivered: that, \"leaving their baggage, and making a sally, they should hasten away for safety by the same routes by which they had come thither." + }, + { + "id": 6361, + "la": "Maioritamenpartiplacuit,hocreservatoadextremumcasumconsiliointerimreieventumexperirietcastradefendere", + "en": "To the greater part, however, it seemed best, reserving that measure to the last, to await the issue of the matter, and to defend the camp." + }, + { + "id": 6362, + "la": "Brevispatiointeriecto,vixutiisrebusquasconstituissentconlocandisatqueadministrandistempusdaretur,hostesexomnibuspartibussignodatodecurrere,lapidesgaesaqueinvallumcoicere", + "en": "A short time only having elapsed, so that time was scarcely given for arranging and executing those things which they had determined on, the enemy, upon the signal being given, rushed down [upon our men] from all parts, and discharged stones and darts, upon our rampart." + }, + { + "id": 6363, + "la": "Nostriprimointegrisviribusfortiterpropugnarenequeullumflustratelumexlocosuperioremittere,etquaecumqueparscastrorumnudatadefensoribuspremividebatur,eooccurrereetauxiliumferre,", + "en": "Our men at first, while their strength was fresh, resisted bravely, nor did they cast any weapon ineffectually from their higher station. As soon as any part of the camp, being destitute of defenders, seemed to be hard pressed, thither they ran, and brought assistance" + }, + { + "id": 6364, + "la": "sedhocsuperariquoddiuturnitatepugnaehostesdefessiproelioexcedebant,aliiintegrisviribussuccedebant;", + "en": "But they were over-matched in this, that the enemy when wearied by the long continuance of the battle, went out of the action, and others with fresh strength came in their place;" + }, + { + "id": 6365, + "la": "quarumrerumanostrispropterpaucitatemfierinihilpoterat,acnonmododefessoexpugnaexcedendi,sednesaucioquidemeiuslociubiconstiteratrelinquendiacsuirecipiendifacultasdabatur", + "en": "none of which things could be done by our men, owing to the smallness of their number; and not only was permission not given to the wearied [Roman] to retire from the fight, but not even to the wounded [was liberty granted] to quit the post where he had been stationed, and recover." + }, + { + "id": 6366, + "la": "Cumiamampliushorissexcontinenterpugnaretur,acnonsolumviressedetiamtelanostrosdeficerent,atquehostesacriusinstarentlanguidioribusquenostrisvallumscindereetfossascomplerecoepissent,resqueessetiamadextremumperductacasum,", + "en": "When they had now been fighting for more than six hours, without cessation, and not only strength, but even weapons were failing our men, and the enemy were pressing on more rigorously, and had begun to demolish the rampart and to fill up the trench, while our men were becoming exhausted, and the matter was now brought to the last extremity," + }, + { + "id": 6367, + "la": "P.SextiusBaculus,primipilicenturio,quemNervicoproeliocompluribusconfectumvulneribusdiximus,etitemC.Volusenus,tribunusmilitum,viretconsiliimagnietvirtutis,adGalbamaccurruntatqueunamessespemsalutisdocent,sieruptionefactaextremumauxiliumexperirentur", + "en": "P. Sextius Baculus, a centurion of the first rank, whom we have related to have been disabled by severe wounds in the engagement with the Nervii, and also C. Volusenus, a tribune of the soldiers, a man of great skill and valor, hasten to Galba, and assure him that the only hope of safety lay in making a sally, and trying the last resource" + }, + { + "id": 6368, + "la": "Itaqueconvocatiscenturionibusceleritermilitescertioresfacit,paulisperintermitterentproeliumactantummodotelamissaexciperentsequeexlaborereficerent,postdatosignoexcastriserumperent,atqueomnemspemsalutisinvirtuteponerent", + "en": "Whereupon assembling the centurions, he quickly gives orders to the soldiers to discontinue the fight a short time, and only collect the weapons flung [at them], and recruit themselves after their fatigue, and afterward, upon the signal being given, sally forth from the camp, and place in their valor all their hope of safety." + }, + { + "id": 6369, + "la": "Quodiussisuntfaciunt,acsubitoomnibusportiseruptionefactanequecognoscendiquidfieretnequesuicolligendihostibusfacultatemrelinquunt", + "en": "They do what they were ordered; and, making a sudden sally from all the gates [of the camp], leave the enemy the means neither of knowing what was taking place, nor of collecting themselves." + }, + { + "id": 6370, + "la": "Itacommutatafortunaeosquiinspempotiundorumcastrorumvenerantundiquecircumventosintercipiunt,etexhominummilibusampliusXXX,quemnumerumbarbarorumadcastravenisseconstabat,plustertiaparteinterfectareliquosperterritosinfugamcoiciuntacneinlocisquidemsuperioribusconsisterepatiuntur", + "en": "Fortune thus taking a turn, [our men] surround on every side, and slay those who had entertained the hope of gaining the camp and having killed more than the third part of an army of more than 30,000 men (which number of the barbarians it appeared certain had come up to our camp), put to flight the rest when panic-stricken, and do not suffer them to halt even upon the higher grounds." + }, + { + "id": 6371, + "la": "Sicomnibushostiumcopiisfusisarmisqueexutisseintramunitionessuasrecipiunt", + "en": "All the forces of the enemy being thus routed, and stripped of their arms, [our men] betake themselves to their camp and fortifications." + }, + { + "id": 6372, + "la": "Quoproeliofacto,quodsaepiusfortunamtemptareGalbanolebatatquealioseinhibernaconsiliovenissememinerat,aliisoccurrisserebusvidebat,maximefrumenti[commeatusque]inopiapermotusposterodieomnibuseiusviciaedificiisincensisinprovinciamreverticontendit,", + "en": "Which battle being finished, inasmuch as Galba was unwilling to tempt fortune again, and remembered that he had come into winter quarters with one design, and saw that he had met with a different state of affairs; chiefly however urged by the want of corn and provision, having the next day burned all the buildings of that village, he hastens to return into the province;" + }, + { + "id": 6373, + "la": "acnullohosteprohibenteautiterdemoranteincolumemlegioneminNantuates,indeinAllobrogesperduxitibiquehiemavit", + "en": "and as no enemy opposed or hindered his march, he brought the legion safe into the [country of the] Nantuates, thence into [that of] the Allobroges, and there wintered." + }, + { + "id": 6374, + "la": "HisrebusgestiscumomnibusdecausisCaesarpacatamGalliamexistimaret, [superatisBelgis,expulsisGermanis,victisinAlpibusSedunis,]atqueitainitahiemeinIllyricumprofectusesset,quodeasquoquenationesadireetregionescognoscerevolebat,subitumbelluminGalliacoortumest", + "en": "These things being achieved, while Caesar had every reason to suppose that Gaul was reduced to a state of tranquillity, the Belgae being overcome, the Germans expelled, the Seduni among the Alps defeated, and when he had, therefore, in the beginning of winter, set out for Illyricum , as he wished to visit those nations, and acquire a knowledge of their countries, a sudden war sprang up in Gaul." + }, + { + "id": 6375, + "la": "Eiusbellihaecfuitcausa.P.CrassusadulescenscumlegioneVII.proximusmareOceanuminAndibushiemabat", + "en": "The occasion of that war was this: P. Crassus, a young man, had taken up his winter quarters with the seventh legion among the Andes, who border upon the [Atlantic] ocean." + }, + { + "id": 6376, + "la": "Is,quodinhislocisinopiafrumentierat,praefectostribunosquemilitumcompluresinfinitimascivitatesfrumenticausadimisit;", + "en": "He, as there was a scarcity of corn in those parts, sent out some officers of cavalry, and several military tribunes among the neighbouring states, for the purpose of procuring corn and provision;" + }, + { + "id": 6377, + "la": "quoinnumeroestT.TerrasidiusmissusinEsuvios,M.TrebiusGallusinCoriosolites,Q.VelaniuseumT.SilioinVenetos", + "en": "in which number T. Terrasidius was sent among the Esubii; M. Trebius Gallus among the Curiosolitae; Q. Velanius, T. Silius, amongst the Veneti." + }, + { + "id": 6378, + "la": "Huiusestcivitatislongeamplissimaauctoritasomnisoraemaritimaeregionumearum,quodetnaveshabentVenetiplurimas,quibusinBritanniamnavigareconsuerunt,etscientiaatqueusurerumnauticarumceterosanteceduntetinmagnoimpetumarisatqueapertopaucisportibusinteriectis,quostenentipsi,omnesferequieomariuticonsuerunthabentvectigales", + "en": "The influence of this state is by far the most considerable of any of the countries on the whole sea coast, because the Veneti both have a very great number of ships, with which they have been accustomed to sail to Britain, and [thus] excel the rest in their knowledge and experience of nautical affairs; and as only a few ports lie scattered along that stormy and open sea, of which they are in possession, they hold as tributaries almost all those who are accustomed to traffic in that sea." + }, + { + "id": 6379, + "la": "AbhisfitinitiumretinendiSiliiatqueVelanii,quodpereossuosseobsides,quosCrassodedissent,recuperaturosexistimabant", + "en": "With them arose the beginning [of the revolt] by their detaining Silius and Velanius; for they thought that they should recover by their means the hostages which they had given to Crassus." + }, + { + "id": 6380, + "la": "Horumauctoritatefinitimiadducti,utsuntGallorumsubitaetrepentinaconsilia,eademdecausaTrebiumTerrasidiumqueretinentetceleritermissislegatispersuosprincipesinterseconiurantnihilnisicommuniconsilioacturoseundemqueomnesfortunaeexitumesselaturos,", + "en": "The neighboring people led on by their influence (as the measures of the Gauls are sudden and hasty), detain Trebius and Terrasidius for the same motive; and quickly sending embassadors, by means of their leading men, they enter into a mutual compact to do nothing except by general consent, and abide the same issue of fortune;" + }, + { + "id": 6381, + "la": "reliquasquecivitatessollicitant,utinealibertatequamamaioribusacceperintpermanerequamRomanorumservitutemperferremalint", + "en": "and they solicit the other states to choose rather to continue in that liberty which they had received from their ancestors, than endure slavery under the Romans" + }, + { + "id": 6382, + "la": "OmnioramaritimaceleriteradsuamsententiamperductacommunemlegationemadP.Crassummittunt,sivelitsuosrecuperare,obsidessibiremittat", + "en": "All the sea coast being quickly brought over to their sentiments, they send a common embassy to P. Crassus [to say], \"If he wished to receive back his officers, let him send back to them their hostages.\"" + }, + { + "id": 6383, + "la": "QuibusderebusCaesaraCrassocertiorfactus,quodipseaberatlongius,navesinterimlongasaedificariinflumineLigeri,quodinfluitinOceanum,remigesexprovinciainstitui,nautasgubernatoresquecomparariiubet", + "en": "Caesar, being informed of these things by Crassus, since he was so far distant himself, orders ships of war to be built in the mean time on the river Loire , which flows into the ocean; rowers to be raised from the province; sailors and pilots to be provided" + }, + { + "id": 6384, + "la": "Hisrebusceleriteradministratisipse,cumprimumperannitempuspotuit,adexercitumcontendit", + "en": "These matters being quickly executed, he himself, as soon as the season of the year permits, hastens to the army" + }, + { + "id": 6385, + "la": "VenetireliquaequeitemcivitatescognitoCaesarisadventu[certioresfacti],simulquodquantuminsefacinusadmisissentintellegebant, [legatos,quodnomenadomnesnationessanctuminviolatumquesemperfuisset,retentosabseetinvinculaconiectos,]promagnitudinepericulibellumparareetmaximeeaquaeadusumnaviumpertinentprovidereinstituunt,hocmaiorespequodmultumnaturalociconfidebant", + "en": "The Veneti, and the other states also, being informed of Caesar's arrival, when they reflected how great a crime they had committed, in that, the embassadors (a character which had among all nations ever been sacred and inviolable) had by them been detained and thrown into prison, resolve to prepare for a war in proportion to the greatness of their danger, and especially to provide those things which appertain to the service of a navy, with the greater confidence, inasmuch as they greatly relied on the nature of their situation." + }, + { + "id": 6386, + "la": "Pedestriaesseitineraconcisaaestuariis,navigationemimpeditampropterinscientiamlocorumpaucitatemqueportuumsciebant,", + "en": "They knew that the passes by land were cut off by estuaries, that the approach by sea was most difficult, by reason of our ignorance of the localities, [and] the small number of the harbors" + }, + { + "id": 6387, + "la": "nequenostrosexercituspropterinopiamfrumentidiutiusapudsemorariposseconfidebant;", + "en": "and they trusted that our army would not be able to stay very long among them, on account of the insufficiency of corn" + }, + { + "id": 6388, + "la": "aciamutomniacontraopinionemacciderent,tamenseplurimumnavibusposse, [quam]Romanosnequeullamfacultatemhaberenavium,nequeeorumlocorumubibellumgesturiessentvada,portus,insulasnovisse;", + "en": "and again, even if all these things should turn out contrary to their expectation, yet they were very powerful in their navy. They well understood that the Romans neither had any number of ships, nor were acquainted with the shallows, the harbors, or the islands of those parts where they would have to carry on the war" + }, + { + "id": 6389, + "la": "aclongealiamessenavigationeminconclusomariatqueinvastissimoatqueapertissimoOceanoperspiciebant", + "en": "and the navigation was very different in a narrow sea from what it was in the vast and open ocean." + }, + { + "id": 6390, + "la": "Hisinitisconsiliisoppidamuniunt,", + "en": "Having come to this resolution, they fortify their towns," + }, + { + "id": 6391, + "la": "frumentaexagrisinoppidacomportant,navesinVenetiam,ubiCaesaremprimumbellumgesturum", + "en": "convey corn into them from the country parts, bring together as many ships as possible to Venetia , where it appeared Caesar would at first carry on the war." + }, + { + "id": 6392, + "la": "constabat,quamplurimaspossuntcogunt.SociossibiadidbellumOsismos,Lexovios,Namnetes,Ambiliatos,Morinos,Diablintes,Menapiosadsciscunt;auxiliaexBritannia,quaecontraeasregionespositaest,arcessunt", + "en": "They unite to themselves as allies for that war, the Osismii, the Lexovii, the Nannetes, the Ambiliati, the Morini, the Diablintes, and the Menapii; and send for auxiliaries from Britain, which is situated over against those regions." + }, + { + "id": 6393, + "la": "Eranthaedifficultatesbelligerendiquassupraostendimus,sedtamenmultaCaesaremadidbellumincitabant:", + "en": "There were these difficulties which we have mentioned above, in carrying on the war, but many things, nevertheless, urged Caesar to that war" + }, + { + "id": 6394, + "la": "iniuriaretentorumequitumRomanorum,rebelliofactapostdeditionem,defectiodatisobsidibus,totcivitatumconiuratio,inprimisnehacparteneglectareliquaenationessibiidemlicerearbitrarentur", + "en": "the open insult offered to the state in the detention of the Roman knights, the rebellion raised after surrendering, the revolt after hostages were given, the confederacy of so many states, but principally, lest if, [the conduct of] this part was overlooked, the other nations should think that the same thing was permitted them" + }, + { + "id": 6395, + "la": "ItaquecumintellegeretomnesfereGallosnovisrebusstudereetadbellummobiliterceleriterqueexcitari,omnesautemhominesnaturalibertatistudereetcondicionemservitutisodisse,priusquamplurescivitatesconspirarent,partiendumsibiaclatiusdistribuendumexercitumputavit", + "en": "Wherefore, since he reflected that almost all the Gauls were fond of revolution, and easily and quickly excited to war; that all men likewise, by nature, love liberty and hate the condition of slavery, he thought he ought to divide and more widely distribute his army, before more states should join the confederation." + }, + { + "id": 6396, + "la": "ItaqueT.LabienumlegatuminTreveros,quiproximifluminiRhenosunt,cumequitatumittit", + "en": "He therefore sends T. Labienus, his lieutenant, with the cavalry to the Treviri , who are nearest to the river Rhine" + }, + { + "id": 6397, + "la": "Huicmandat,RemosreliquosqueBelgasadeatatqueinofficiocontineatGermanosque,quiauxilioaBelgisarcessitidicebantur,sipervimnavibusflumentransireconentur,prohibeat", + "en": "He charges him to visit the Remi and the other Belgians, and to keep them in their allegiance and repel the Germans (who were said to have been summoned by the Belgae to their aid,) if they attempted to cross the river by force in their ships" + }, + { + "id": 6398, + "la": "P.CrassumcumcohortibuslegionariisXIIetmagnonumeroequitatusinAquitaniamproficisciiubet,neexhisnationibusauxiliainGalliammittanturactantaenationesconiungantur", + "en": "He orders P. Crassus to proceed into Aquitania with twelve legionary cohorts and a great number of the cavalry, lest auxiliaries should be sent into Gaul by these states, and such great nations be united" + }, + { + "id": 6399, + "la": "Q.TituriumSabinumlegatumcumlegionibustribusinVenellos,CoriosolitesLexoviosquemittit,quieammanumdistinendamcuret", + "en": "He sends Q. Titurius Sabinus his lieutenant, with three legions, among the Unelli, the Curiosolitae, and the Lexovii, to take care that their forces should be kept separate from the rest" + }, + { + "id": 6400, + "la": "D.BrutumadulescentemclassiGallicisquenavibus,quasexPictonibusetSantonisreliquisquepacatisregionibusconvenireiusserat,praeficitet,cumprimumpossit,inVenetosproficisciiubet.Ipseeopedestribuscopiiscontendit", + "en": "He appoints D. Brutus, a young man, over the fleet and those Gallic vessels which he had ordered to be furnished by the Pictones and the Santoni, and the other provinces which remained at peace; and commands him to proceed toward the Veneti, as soon as he could. He himself hastens thither with the land forces." + }, + { + "id": 6401, + "la": "Eranteiusmodiferesitusoppidorumutpositainextremislingulispromunturiisquenequepedibusaditumhaberent,cumexaltoseaestusincitavisset,quod[bis]acciditsemperhorarumXIIspatio,nequenavibus,quodrursusminuenteaestunavesinvadisadflictarentur", + "en": "The sites of their towns were generally such that, being placed on extreme points [of land] and on promontories, they neither had an approach by land when the tide had rushed in from the main ocean, which always happens twice in the space of twelve hours; nor by ships, because, upon the tide ebbing again, the ships were likely to be dashed upon the shoals" + }, + { + "id": 6402, + "la": "Itautraquereoppidorumoppugnatioimpediebatur", + "en": "Thus, by either circumstance, was the storming of their towns rendered difficult" + }, + { + "id": 6403, + "la": "Acsiquandomagnitudineoperisfortesuperati,extrusomariaggereacmolibusatquehisoppidimoenibusadaequatis,suisfortunisdesperarecoeperant,magnonumeronaviumadpulso,cuiusreisummamfacultatemhabebant,omniasuadeportabantsequeinproximaoppidarecipiebant:", + "en": "and if at any time perchance the Veneti overpowered by the greatness of our works, (the sea having been excluded by a mound and large dams, and the latter being made almost equal in height to the walls of the town) had begun to despair of their fortunes; bringing up a large number of ships, of which they had a very great quantity, they carried off all their property and betook themselves to the nearest towns" + }, + { + "id": 6404, + "la": "ibiserursusisdemoportunitatibuslocidefendebant", + "en": "there they again defended themselves by the same advantages of situation" + }, + { + "id": 6405, + "la": "Haeceofaciliusmagnampartemaestatisfaciebantquodnostraenavestempestatibusdetinebantursummaqueeratvastoatqueapertomari,magnisaestibus,rarisacpropenullisportibusdifficultasnavigandi", + "en": "They did this the more easily during a great part of the summer, because our ships were kept back by storms, and the difficulty of sailing was very great in that vast and open sea, with its strong tides and its harbors far apart and exceedingly few in number." + }, + { + "id": 6406, + "la": "Namqueipsorumnavesadhuncmodumfactaearmataequeerant:carinaealiquantoplanioresquamnostrarumnavium,quofaciliusvadaacdecessumaestusexciperepossent;", + "en": "For their ships were built and equipped after this manner. The keels were somewhat flatter than those of our ships, whereby they could more easily encounter the shallows and the ebbing of the tide" + }, + { + "id": 6407, + "la": "proraeadmodumerectaeatqueitempuppes,admagnitudinemfluctuumtempestatumqueaccommodatae;", + "en": "the prows were raised very high, and, in like manner the sterns were adapted to the force of the waves and storms" + }, + { + "id": 6408, + "la": "navestotaefactaeexroboreadquamvisvimetcontumeliamperferendam;", + "en": "The ships were built wholly of oak, and designed to endure any force and violence whatever" + }, + { + "id": 6409, + "la": "transtraexpedalibusinaltitudinemtrabibus,confixaclavisferreisdigitipolliciscrassitudine;", + "en": "the benches which were made of planks a foot in breadth, were fastened by iron spikes of the thickness of a man's thumb" + }, + { + "id": 6410, + "la": "ancoraeprofunibusferreiscatenisrevinctae;", + "en": "the anchors were secured fast by iron chains instead of cables" + }, + { + "id": 6411, + "la": "pellesprovelisalutaequetenuiterconfectae, [hae]sivepropterinopiamliniatqueeiusususinscientiam,siveeo,quodestmagisverisimile,quodtantastempestatesOceanitantosqueimpetusventorumsustineriactantaoneranaviumregivelisnonsatiscommodepossearbitrabantur", + "en": "and for sails they used skins and thin dressed leather. These [were used] either through their want of canvas and their ignorance of its application, or for this reason, which is more probable, that they thought that such storms of the ocean, and such violent gales of wind could not be resisted by sails, nor ships of such great burden be conveniently enough managed by them" + }, + { + "id": 6412, + "la": "Cumhisnavibusnostraeclassieiusmodicongressuseratutunaceleritateetpulsuremorumpraestaret,reliquaprolocinatura,provitempestatumillisessentaptioraetaccommodatiora", + "en": "The encounter of our fleet with these ships' was of such a nature that our fleet excelled in speed alone, and the plying of the oars; other things, considering the nature of the place [and] the violence of the storms, were more suitable and better adapted on their side" + }, + { + "id": 6413, + "la": "Nequeenimiisnostraerostronocerepoterant(tantainiiseratfirmitudo),nequepropteraltitudinemfaciletelumadigebatur,eteademdecausaminuscommodecopuliscontinebantur", + "en": "for neither could our ships injure theirs with their beaks (so great was their strength), nor on account of their height was a weapon easily cast up to them; and for the same reason they were less readily locked in by rocks" + }, + { + "id": 6414, + "la": "Accedebatut,cum[saevireventuscoepissetet]seventodedissent,ettempestatemferrentfaciliusetinvadisconsisterenttutiusetabaesturelictaenihilsaxaetcotestimerent;quarumrerumomniumnostrisnavibuscasuseratextimescendus", + "en": "To this was added, that whenever a storm began to rage and they ran before the wind, they both could weather the storm more easily and heave to securely in the shallows, and when left by the tide feared nothing from rocks and shelves: the risk of all which things was much to be dreaded by our ships." + }, + { + "id": 6415, + "la": "CompluribusexpugnatisoppidisCaesar,ubiintellexitfrustratantumlaboremsuminequehostiumfugamcaptisoppidisrepriminequeiisnoceriposse,statuitexpectandamclassem", + "en": "Caesar, after taking many of their towns, perceiving that so much labor was spent in vain and that the flight of the enemy could not be prevented on the capture of their towns, and that injury could not be done them, he determined to wait for his fleet" + }, + { + "id": 6416, + "la": "Quaeubiconvenitacprimumabhostibusvisaest,circiterCCXXnaveseorumparatissimaeatqueomnigenerearmorumornatissimaeprofectaeexportunostrisadversaeconstiterunt;", + "en": "As soon as it came up and was first seen by the enemy, about 220 of their ships, fully equipped and appointed with every kind of [naval] implement, sailed forth from the harbor, and drew up opposite to ours" + }, + { + "id": 6417, + "la": "nequesatisBruto,quiclassipraeerat,veltribunismilitumcenturionibusque,quibussingulaenaveserantattributae,constabatquidagerentautquamrationempugnaeinsisterent", + "en": "nor did it appear clear to Brutus, who commanded the fleet, or to the tribunes of the soldiers and the centurions, to whom the several ships were assigned, what to do, or what system of tactics to adopt" + }, + { + "id": 6418, + "la": "Rostroenimnocerinonpossecognoverant;turribusautemexcitatistamenhasaltitudopuppiumexbarbarisnavibussuperabat,utnequeexinferiorelocosatiscommodetelaadigipossentetmissaaGallisgraviusacciderent", + "en": "for they knew that damage could not be done by their beaks; and that, although turrets were built [on their decks], yet the height of the stems of the barbarian ships exceeded these; so that weapons could not be cast up from [our] lower position with sufficient effect, and those cast by the Gauls fell the more forcibly upon us" + }, + { + "id": 6419, + "la": "Unaeratmagnousuirespraeparataanostris,falcespraeacutaeinsertaeadfixaequelonguriis,nonabsimiliformamuraliumfalcium", + "en": "One thing provided by our men was of great service, [viz.] sharp hooks inserted into and fastened upon poles, of a form not unlike the hooks used in attacking town walls" + }, + { + "id": 6420, + "la": "Hiscumfunesquiantemnasadmalosdestinabantcomprehensiadductiqueerant,navigioremisincitatopraerumpebantur", + "en": "When the ropes which fastened the sail-yards to the masts were caught by them and pulled, and our vessel vigorously impelled with the oars" + }, + { + "id": 6421, + "la": "Quibusabscisisantemnaenecessarioconcidebant,ut,cumomnisGallicisnavibusspesinvelisarmamentisqueconsisteret,hisereptisomnisususnaviumunotemporeeriperetur", + "en": "they [the ropes] were severed; and when they were cut away, the yards necessarily fell down; so that as all the hope of the Gallic vessels depended on their sails and rigging, upon these being cut away, the entire management of the ships was taken from them at the same time" + }, + { + "id": 6422, + "la": "Reliquumeratcertamenposituminvirtute,quanostrimilitesfacilesuperabant,atqueeomagisquodinconspectuCaesarisatqueomnisexercitusresgerebatur,utnullumpaulofortiusfactumlatereposset;", + "en": "The rest of the contest depended on courage; in which our men decidedly had the advantage; and the more so, because the whole action was carried on in the sight of Caesar and the entire army; so that no act, a little more valiant than ordinary, could pass unobserved" + }, + { + "id": 6423, + "la": "omnesenimcollesaclocasuperiora,undeeratpropinquusdespectusinmare,abexercitutenebantur", + "en": "for all the hills and higher grounds, from which there was a near prospect of the sea were occupied by our army." + }, + { + "id": 6424, + "la": "Deiectis,utdiximus,antemnis,cumsingulasbinaeacternaenavescircumsteterant,militessummavitranscendereinhostiumnavescontendebant", + "en": "The sail yards [of the enemy], as we have said, being brought down, although two and [in some cases] three ships [of theirs] surrounded each one [of ours], the soldiers strove with the greatest energy to board the ships of the enemy" + }, + { + "id": 6425, + "la": "Quodpostquambarbarifierianimadverterunt,expugnatiscompluribusnavibus,cumeireinullumreperireturauxilium,fugasalutempeterecontenderunt", + "en": "and, after the barbarians observed this taking place, as a great many of their ships were beaten, and as no relief for that evil could be discovered, they hastened to seek safety in flight" + }, + { + "id": 6426, + "la": "Aciamconversisineampartemnavibusquoventusferebat,tantasubitomalaciaactranquillitasextititutseexlocomoverenonpossent", + "en": "And, having now turned their vessels to that quarter in which the wind blew, so great a calm and lull suddenly arose, that they could not move out of their place" + }, + { + "id": 6427, + "la": "Quaequidemresadnegotiumconficiendummaximaefuitoportunitati:", + "en": "which circumstance, truly, was exceedingly opportune for finishing the business" + }, + { + "id": 6428, + "la": "namsingulasnostriconsectatiexpugnaverunt,utperpaucaeexomninumeronoctisinterventuadterrampervenirent,cumabhorafereIIIIusqueadsolisoccasumpugnaretur", + "en": "for our men gave chase and took them one by one, so that very few out of all the number, [and those] by the intervention of night, arrived at the land, after the battle had lasted almost from the fourth hour till sun-set." + }, + { + "id": 6429, + "la": "QuoproeliobellumVenetorumtotiusqueoraemaritimaeconfectumest", + "en": "By this battle the war with the Veneti and the whole of the sea coast was finished" + }, + { + "id": 6430, + "la": "Namcumomnisiuventus,omnesetiamgraviorisaetatisinquibusaliquidconsiliiautdignitatisfuiteoconvenerant,tumnaviumquodubiquefueratinunumlocumcoegerant;", + "en": "for both all the youth, and all, too, of more advanced age, in whom there was any discretion or rank, had assembled in that battle; and they had collected in that one place whatever naval forces they had anywhere" + }, + { + "id": 6431, + "la": "quibusamissisreliquinequequosereciperentnequequemadmodumoppidadefenderenthabebant", + "en": "and when these were lost, the survivors had no place to retreat to, nor means of defending their towns" + }, + { + "id": 6432, + "la": "ItaquesesuaqueomniaCaesaridediderunt.InquoseograviusCaesarvindicandumstatuitquodiligentiusinreliquumtempusabarbarisiuslegatorumconservaretur.Itaqueomnisenatunecatoreliquossubcoronavendidit", + "en": "They accordingly surrendered themselves and all their possessions to Caesar, on whom Caesar thought that punishment should be inflicted the more severely, in order that for the future the rights of embassadors might be more carefully respected by barbarians; having, therefore, put to death all their senate, he sold the rest for slaves." + }, + { + "id": 6433, + "la": "DumhaecinVenetisgeruntur,Q.TituriusSabinuscumiiscopiisquasaCaesareacceperatinfinesVenellorumpervenit", + "en": "While these things are going on among the Veneti, Q. Titurius Sabinus with those troops which he had received from Caesar, arrives in the territories of the Unelli" + }, + { + "id": 6434, + "la": "HispraeeratViridovixacsummamimperiitenebatearumomniumcivitatumquaedefecerant,exquibusexercitum[magnasquecopias]coegerat;", + "en": "Over these people Viridovix ruled, and held the chief command of all those states which had revolted; from which he had collected a large and powerful army" + }, + { + "id": 6435, + "la": "atquehispaucisdiebusAulerciEburovicesLexoviique,senatusuointerfectoquodauctoresbelliessenolebant,portasclauseruntsequecumViridoviceconiunxerunt;", + "en": "And in those few days, the Aulerci and the Sexovii, having slain their senate because they would not consent to be promoters of the war, shut their gates [against us] and united themselves to Viridovix" + }, + { + "id": 6436, + "la": "magnaquepraetereamultitudoundiqueexGalliaperditorumhominumlatronumqueconvenerat,quosspespraedandistudiumquebellandiabagriculturaetcotidianolaborerevocabat", + "en": "a great multitude besides of desperate men and robbers assembled out of Gaul from all quarters, whom the hope of plundering and the love of fighting had called away from husbandry and their daily labor" + }, + { + "id": 6437, + "la": "Sabinusidoneoomnibusrebuslococastrissesetenebat,cumViridovixcontraeumduorummiliumspatioconsedissetcotidiequeproductiscopiispugnandipotestatemfaceret,utiamnonsolumhostibusincontemptionemSabinusveniret,sedetiamnostrorummilitumvocibusnonnihilcarperetur;", + "en": "Sabinus kept himself within his camp, which was in a position convenient for everything; while Viridovix encamped over against him at a distance of two miles, and daily bringing out his forces, gave him an opportunity of fighting; so that Sabinus had now not only come into contempt with the enemy, but also was somewhat taunted by the speeches of our soldiers" + }, + { + "id": 6438, + "la": "tantamqueopinionemtimorispraebuitutiamadvallumcastrorumhostesaccedereauderent", + "en": "and furnished so great a suspicion of his cowardice that the enemy presumed to approach even to the very rampart of our camp." + }, + { + "id": 6439, + "la": "Ideadecausafaciebatquodcumtantamultitudinehostium,praesertimeoabsentequisummamimperiiteneret,nisiaequolocoautoportunitatealiquadatalegatodimicandumnonexistimabat", + "en": "He adopted this conduct for the following reason: because he did not think that a lieutenant ought to engage in battle with so great a force, especially while he who held the chief command was absent, except on advantageous ground or some favorable circumstance presented itself." + }, + { + "id": 6440, + "la": "Hacconfirmataopinionetimorisidoneumquendamhominemetcallidumdeligit,Gallum,exiisquosauxiliicausasecumhabebat", + "en": "After having established this suspicion of his cowardice, he selected a certain suitable and crafty Gaul, who was one of those whom he had with him as auxiliaries" + }, + { + "id": 6441, + "la": "Huicmagnispraemiispollicitationibusquepersuadetutiadhostestranseat,etquidfierivelitedocet", + "en": "He induces him by great gifts and promises to go over to the enemy; and informs [him] of what he wished to be done" + }, + { + "id": 6442, + "la": "Quiubiproperfugaadeosvenit,timoremRomanorumproponit,quibusangustiisipseCaesaraVenetisprematurdocet,", + "en": "Who, when he arrives among them as a deserter, lays before them the fears of the Romans; and informs them by what difficulties Caesar himself was harassed" + }, + { + "id": 6443, + "la": "nequelongiusabessequinproximanocteSabinusclamexcastrisexercitumeducatetadCaesaremauxiliiferendicausaproficiscatur", + "en": "and that the matter was not far removed from this- that Sabinus would the next night privately draw off his army out of the camp and set forth to Caesar for the purpose of carrying [him] assistance" + }, + { + "id": 6444, + "la": "Quodubiauditumest,conclamantomnesoccasionemnegotiibenegerendiamittendamnonesse:", + "en": "which, when they heard, they a11 cry out together that an opportunity of successfully conducting their enterprise, ought not to be thrown away" + }, + { + "id": 6445, + "la": "adcastrairioportere.MultaeresadhocconsiliumGalloshortabantur:superiorumdierumSabinicunctatio,perfugaeconfirmatio,inopiacibariorum,cuireiparumdiligenterabiiseratprovisum,spesVeneticibelli,etquodferelibenterhominesidquodvoluntcredunt", + "en": "that they ought to go to the [Roman] camp. Many things persuaded the Gauls to this measure; the delay of Sabinus during the previous days; the positive assertion of the [pretended] deserter; want of provisions, for a supply of which they had not taken the requisite precautions; the hope springing from the Venetic war; and [also] because in most cases men willingly believe what they wish" + }, + { + "id": 6446, + "la": "HisrebusadductinonpriusViridovicemreliquosqueducesexconciliodimittuntquamabiissitconcessumarmauticapiantetadcastracontendant", + "en": "Influenced by these things they do not discharge Viridovix and the other leaders from the council, before they gained permission from them to take up arms and hasten to [our] camp;" + }, + { + "id": 6447, + "la": "Quareconcessalaeti,utexploratavictoria,sarmentisvirgultisquecollectis,quibusfossasRomanorumcompleant,adcastrapergunt", + "en": "which being granted, rejoicing as if victory were fully certain, they collected faggots and brushwood, with which to fill up the Roman trenches, and hasten to the camp." + }, + { + "id": 6448, + "la": "Locuseratcastrorumeditusetpaulatimabimoaccliviscirciterpassusmille.Hucmagnocursucontenderunt,utquamminimumspatiiadsecolligendosarmandosqueRomanisdaretur,exanimatiquepervenerunt", + "en": "The situation of the camp was a rising ground, gently sloping from the bottom for about a mile. Thither they proceeded with great speed (in order that as little time as possible might be given to the Romans to collect and arm themselves), and arrived quite out of breath" + }, + { + "id": 6449, + "la": "Sabinussuoshortatuscupientibussignumdat.Impeditishostibusproptereaquaeferebantonerasubitoduabusportiseruptionemfieriiubet", + "en": "Sabinus having encouraged his men, gives them the signal, which they earnestly desired. While the enemy were encumbered by reason of the burdens which they were carrying, he orders a sally to be made suddenly from two gates" + }, + { + "id": 6450, + "la": "Factumestoportunitateloci,hostiuminscientiaacdefatigatione,virtutemilitumetsuperiorumpugnarumexercitatione,utneunumquidemnostrorumimpetumferrentacstatimtergaverterent", + "en": "It happened, by the advantage of situation, by the unskilfulness and the fatigue of the enemy, by the valor of our soldiers, and their experience in former battles, that they could not stand one attack of our men, and immediately turned their backs" + }, + { + "id": 6451, + "la": "Quosimpeditosintegrisviribusmilitesnostriconsecutimagnumnumerumeorumocciderunt;reliquosequitesconsectatipaucos,quiexfugaevaserant,reliquerunt", + "en": "and our men with full vigor followed them while disordered, and slew a great number of them; the horse pursuing the rest, left but few, who escaped by flight" + }, + { + "id": 6452, + "la": "SicunotemporeetdenavalipugnaSabinusetdeSabinivictoriaCaesarestcertiorfactus,civitatesqueomnessestatimTituriodediderunt", + "en": "Thus at the same time, Sabinus was informed of the naval battle and Caesar of victory gained by Sabinus; and all the states immediately surrendered themselves to Titurius" + }, + { + "id": 6453, + "la": "NamutadbellasuscipiendaGallorumalaceracpromptusestanimus,sicmollisacminimeresistensadcalamitatesferendasmenseorumest", + "en": "for as the temper of the Gauls is impetuous and ready to undertake wars, so their mind is weak, and by no means resolute in enduring calamities" + }, + { + "id": 6454, + "la": "EodemferetemporeP.Crassus.,cuminAquitaniampervenisset,quae[pars],utantedictumest, [etregionumlatitudineetmultitudinehominum]tertiaparsGalliaeest[aestimanda],cumintellegeretiniislocissibibellumgerendumubipaucisanteannisL.ValeriusPraeconinuslegatusexercitupulsointerfectusessetatqueundeL.Manliusproconsulimpedimentisamissisprofugisset,nonmediocremsibidiligentiamadhibendamintellegebat", + "en": "About the same time, P. Crassus, when he had arrived in Aquitania (which, as has been before said, both from its extent of territory and the great number of its people, is to be reckoned a third part of Gaul,) understanding that he was to wage war in these parts, where a few years before, L. Valerius Praeconinus, the lieutenant had been killed, and his army routed, and from which L. Manilius, the proconsul, had fled with the loss of his baggage, he perceived that no ordinary care must be used by him" + }, + { + "id": 6455, + "la": "Itaquerefrumentariaprovisa,auxiliisequitatuquecomparato,multispraetereavirisfortibusTolosaetCarcasoneetNarbone,quaesuntcivitatesGalliaeprovinciaefinitimae,exhisregionibusnominatimevocatis,inSotiatiumfinesexercitumintroduxit", + "en": "Wherefore, having provided corn, procured auxiliaries and cavalry, [and] having summoned by name many valiant men from Tolosa , Carcaso , and Narbo , which are the states of the province of Gaul, that border on these regions [Aquitania ], he led his army into the territories of the Sotiates." + }, + { + "id": 6456, + "la": "CuiusadventucognitoSotiatesmagniscopiiscoactis,equitatuque,quoplurimumvalebant,initinereagmennostrumadortiprimumequestreproeliumcommiserunt,", + "en": "On his arrival being known, the Sotiates having brought together great forces and [much] cavalry, in which their strength principally lay, and assailing our army on the march, engaged first in a cavalry action" + }, + { + "id": 6457, + "la": "deindeequitatusuopulsoatqueinsequentibusnostrissubitopedestrescopias,quasinconvalleininsidiisconlocaverant,ostenderunt.Hinostrosdisiectosadortiproeliumrenovarunt", + "en": "then when their cavalry was routed, and our men pursuing, they suddenly display their infantry forces, which they had placed in ambuscade in a valley. These attacked our men [while] disordered, and renewed the fight." + }, + { + "id": 6458, + "la": "Pugnatumestdiuatqueacriter,cumSotiatessuperioribusvictoriisfretiinsuavirtutetotiusAquitaniaesalutempositamputarent,nostriautemquidsineimperatoreetsinereliquislegionibusadulescentuloduceefficerepossentperspicicuperent;tandemconfectivulneribushostestergaverterunt", + "en": "The battle was long and vigorously contested, since the Sotiates, relying on their former victories, imagined that the safety of the whole of Aquitania rested on their valor; [and] our men, on the other hand, desired it might be seen what they could accomplish without their general and without the other legions, under a very young commander; at length the enemy, worn out with wounds, began to turn their backs" + }, + { + "id": 6459, + "la": "QuorummagnonumerointerfectoCrassusexitinereoppidumSotiatiumoppugnarecoepit.Quibusfortiterresistentibusvineasturresqueegit", + "en": "and a great number of them being slain, Crassus began to besiege the [principal] town of the Sotiates on his march. Upon their valiantly resisting, he raised vineae and turrets." + }, + { + "id": 6460, + "la": "Illialiaseruptionetemptata,aliascuniculisadaggeremvineasqueactis(cuiusreisuntlongeperitissimiAquitani,proptereaquodmultislocisapudeosaerariaesecturaequesunt),ubidiligentianostrorumnihilhisrebusproficiposseintellexerunt,legatosadCrassummittuntsequeindeditionemutrecipiatpetunt.Quareimpetrataarmatradereiussifaciunt", + "en": "They at one time attempting a sally, at another forming mines, to our rampart and vineae (at which the Aquitani are eminently skilled, because in many places among them there are copper mines); when they perceived that nothing could be gained by these operations through the perseverance of our men, they send embassadors to Crassus, and entreat him to admit them to a surrender. Having obtained it, they, being ordered to deliver up their arms, comply." + }, + { + "id": 6461, + "la": "AtqueineamremomniumnostrorumintentisanimisaliaexparteoppidiAdiatunnus,quisummamimperiitenebat,cumDCdevotis,quosillisolduriosappellant,", + "en": "And while the attention of our men is engaged in that matter, in another part Adcantuannus, who held the chief command, with 600 devoted followers whom they call soldurii" + }, + { + "id": 6462, + "la": "quorumhaecestcondicio,utomnibusinvitacommodisunacumiisfruanturquorumseamicitiaedediderint,siquidhispervimaccidat,auteundemcasumunaferantautsibimortemconsciscant;", + "en": "the conditions of whose association are these,-that they enjoy all the conveniences of life with those to whose friendship they have devoted themselves: if any thing calamitous happen to them, either they endure the same destiny together with them, or commit suicide" + }, + { + "id": 6463, + "la": "nequeadhuchominummemoriarepertusestquisquamqui,eointerfectocuiusseamicitiaedevovisset,mortemrecusaret", + "en": "nor hitherto, in the, memory of men, has there been found any one who, upon his being slain to whose friendship he had devoted himself, refused to die" + }, + { + "id": 6464, + "la": "cumhisAdiatunnuseruptionemfacereconatusclamoreabeapartemunitionissublatocumadarmamilitesconcurrissentvehementerqueibipugnatumesset,repulsusinoppidumtamenutieademdeditioniscondicioneutereturaCrassoimpetravit", + "en": "Adcantuannus, [Isay] endeavoring to make a sally with these, when our soldiers had rushed together to arms, upon a shout being raised at that part of the, fortification, and a fierce battle had been fought there, was driven back into the town, yet he obtained from Crassus [the indulgence] that he should enjoy the same terms of surrender [as the other inhabitants]." + }, + { + "id": 6465, + "la": "Armisobsidibusqueacceptis,CrassusinfinesVocatiumetTarusatiumprofectusest", + "en": "Crassus, having received their arms and hostages, marched into the territories of the Vocates and the Tarusates" + }, + { + "id": 6466, + "la": "Tumverobarbaricommoti,quodoppidumetnaturalocietmanumunitumpaucisdiebusquibuseoventumeratexpugnatumcognoverant,legatosquoqueversusdimittere,coniurare,obsidesintersedare,copiaspararecoeperunt", + "en": "But then, the barbarians being alarmed, because they had heard that a town fortified by the nature of the place and by art, had been taken by us in a few days after our arrival there, began to send embassadors into all quarters, to combine, to give hostages one to another, to raise troops" + }, + { + "id": 6467, + "la": "MittunturetiamadeascivitateslegatiquaesuntciteriorisHispaniaefinitimaeAquitaniae:indeauxiliaducesquearcessuntur", + "en": "Embassadors also are sent to those states of Hither Spain which are nearest to Aquitania , and auxiliaries and leaders are summoned from them" + }, + { + "id": 6468, + "la": "Quorumadventumagnacumauctoritateetmagna[cum]hominummultitudinebellumgerereconantur", + "en": "on whose arrival they proceed to carry on the war with great confidence, and with a great host of men" + }, + { + "id": 6469, + "la": "DucesveroiideligunturquiunacumQ.Sertorioomnesannosfuerantsummamquescientiamreimilitarishabereexistimabantur", + "en": "They who had been with Q. Sertorius the whole period [of his war inSpain]and were supposed to have very great skill in military matters, are chosen leader" + }, + { + "id": 6470, + "la": "HiconsuetudinepopuliRomanilocacapere,castramunire,commeatibusnostrosintercludereinstituunt", + "en": "These, adopting the practice of the Roman people, begin to select [advantageous] places, to fortify their camp, to cut off our men from provisions" + }, + { + "id": 6471, + "la": "QuodubiCrassusanimadvertit,suascopiaspropterexiguitatemnonfacilediduci,hostemetvagarietviasobsidereetcastrissatispraesidiirelinquere,obeamcausamminuscommodefrumentumcommeatumquesibisupportari,indieshostiumnumerumaugeri,noncunctandumexistimavitquinpugnadecertaret", + "en": "which, when Crassus observes, [and likewise] that his forces, on account of their small number could not safely be separated; that the enemy both made excursions and beset the passes, and [yet] left sufficient guard for their camp; that on that account, corn and provision could not very conveniently be brought up to him, and that the number of the enemy was daily increased, he thought that he ought not to delay in giving battle" + }, + { + "id": 6472, + "la": "Hacreadconsiliumdelata,ubiomnesidemsentireintellexit,posterumdiempugnaeconstituit", + "en": "This matter being brought to a council, when he discovered that all thought the same thing, he appointed the next day for the fight." + }, + { + "id": 6473, + "la": "Primaluceproductisomnibuscopiisdupliciacieinstituta,auxiliisinmediamaciemconiectis,quidhostesconsiliicaperentexpectabat", + "en": "Having drawn out all his forces at the break of day, and marshaled them in a double line, he posted the auxiliaries in the center, and waited to see what measures the enemy would take" + }, + { + "id": 6474, + "la": "Illi,etsiproptermultitudinemetveterembelligloriampaucitatemquenostrorumsetutodimicaturosexistimabant,tamentutiusessearbitrabanturobsessisviiscommeatuinterclusosinevulnerevictoriapotiri,", + "en": "They, although on account of their great number and their ancient renown in war, and the small number of our men, they supposed they might safely fight, nevertheless considered it safer to gain the victory without any wound, by besetting the passes [and] cutting off the provisions" + }, + { + "id": 6475, + "la": "etsipropterinopiamreifrumentariaeRomanisereciperecoepissent,impeditosinagmineetsubsarcinisinfirmioresanimoadoriricogitabant", + "en": "and if the Romans, on account of the want of corn, should begin to retreat, they intended to attack them while encumbered in their march and depressed in spirit [as being assailed while] under baggage" + }, + { + "id": 6476, + "la": "Hocconsilioprobatoabducibus,productisRomanorumcopiis,sesecastristenebant", + "en": "This measure being approved of by the leaders and the forces of the Romans drawn out, the enemy [still] kept themselves in their camp" + }, + { + "id": 6477, + "la": "HacreperspectaCrassus,cumsuacunctationeatqueopinionetimorishostesnostrosmilitesalacrioresadpugnandumeffecissentatqueomniumvocesaudirenturexpectaridiutiusnonoporterequinadcastrairetur,cohortatussuosomnibuscupientibusadhostiumcastracontendit", + "en": "Crassus having remarked this circumstance, since the enemy, intimidated by their own delay, and by the reputation [i.e. for cowardice arising thence] had rendered our soldiers more eager for fighting, and the remarks of all were heard [declaring] that no longer ought delay to be made in going to the camp, after encouraging his men, he marches to the camp of the enemy, to the great gratification of his own troops.)" + }, + { + "id": 6478, + "la": "Ibicumaliifossascomplerent,aliimultistelisconiectisdefensoresvallomunitionibusquedepellerent,auxiliaresque,quibusadpugnamnonmultumCrassusconfidebat,lapidibustelisquesubministrandisetadaggeremcaespitibuscomportandisspeciematqueopinionempugnantiumpraeberent,cumitemabhostibusconstanteracnontimidepugnareturtelaqueexlocosuperioremissanonfrustraacciderent,", + "en": "There, while some were filling up the ditch, and others, by throwing a large number of darts, were driving the defenders from the rampart and fortifications, and the auxiliaries, on whom Crassus did not much rely in the battle, by supplying stones and weapons [to the soldiers], and by conveying turf to the mound, presented the appearance and character of men engaged in fighting; while also the enemy were fighting resolutely and boldly, and their weapons, discharged from their higher position, fell with great effect" + }, + { + "id": 6479, + "la": "equitescircumitishostiumcastrisCrassorenuntiaveruntnoneademessediligentiaabdecumanaportacastramunitafacilemqueaditumhabere", + "en": "the horse, having gone round the camp of the enemy, reported to Crassus that the camp was not fortified with equal care on the side of the Decuman gate, and had an easy approach." + }, + { + "id": 6480, + "la": "Crassusequitumpraefectoscohortatus,utmagnispraemiispollicitationibusquesuosexcitarent,quidfierivelletostendit", + "en": "Crassus, having exhorted the commanders of the horse to animate their men by great rewards and promises, points out to them what he wished to have done" + }, + { + "id": 6481, + "la": "Illi,uteratimperatum,eductisiiscohortibusquaepraesidiocastrisrelictaeintritaeablaboreerant,etlongioreitinerecircumductis,neexhostiumcastrisconspicipossent,omniumoculismentibusqueadpugnamintentisceleriteradeasquasdiximusmunitionespervenerunt", + "en": "They, as they had been commanded, having brought out the four cohorts, which, as they had been left as a guard for the camp, were not fatigued by exertion, and having led them round by a some what longer way, lest they could be seen from the camp of the enemy, when the eyes and minds of all were intent upon the battle, quickly arrived at those fortifications which we have spoken of" + }, + { + "id": 6482, + "la": "atquehisprorutispriusinhostiumcastrisconstiteruntquamplaneabhisvideriautquidreigerereturcognosciposset", + "en": "and, having demolished these, stood in the camp of the enemy before they were seen by them, or it was known what was going on" + }, + { + "id": 6483, + "la": "Tumveroclamoreabeaparteauditonostriredintegratisviribus,quodplerumqueinspevictoriaeaccidereconsuevit,acriusimpugnarecoeperunt", + "en": "And then, a shout being heard in that quarter, our men, their strength having been recruited, (which usually occurs on the hope of victory), began to fight more vigorously" + }, + { + "id": 6484, + "la": "Hostesundiquecircumventidesperatisomnibusrebussepermunitionesdeicereetfugasalutempeterecontenderunt", + "en": "The enemy surrounded on all sides, [and] all their affairs being despaired of, made great attempts to cast themselves down over the ramparts and to seek safety in flight" + }, + { + "id": 6485, + "la": "QuosequitatusapertissimiscampisconsectatusexmiliumLnumero,quaeexAquitaniaCantabrisqueconvenisseconstabat,vixquartaparterelicta,multanocteseincastrarecepit", + "en": "These the cavalry pursued over the very open plains, and after leaving scarcely a fourth part out of the number of 50,000, which it was certain had assembled out of Aquitania and from the Cantabri, returned late at night to the camp." + }, + { + "id": 6486, + "la": "HacauditapugnamaximaparsAquitaniaeseseCrassodediditobsidesqueultromisit;quoinnumerofueruntTarbelli,Bigerriones,Ptianii,Vocates,Tarusates,Elusates,Gates,Ausci,Garumni,Sibusates,Cocosates:", + "en": "Having heard of this battle, the greatest part of Aquitania surrendered itself to Crassus, and of its own accord sent hostages, in which number were the Tarbelli, the Bigerriones, the Preciani, the Vocasates, the Tarusates, the Elurates, the Garites, the Ausci, the Garumni, the Sibuzates, the Cocosates" + }, + { + "id": 6487, + "la": "paucaeultimaenationesannitemporeconfisae,quodhiemssuberat,idfacereneglexerunt", + "en": "A few [and those] most remote nations, relying on the time of the year, because winter was at hand, neglected to do this." + }, + { + "id": 6488, + "la": "EodemferetemporeCaesar,etsipropeexactaiamaestaserat,tamen,quodomniGalliapacataMoriniMenapiiquesupererant,quiinarmisessentnequeadeumumquamlegatosdepacemisissent,arbitratusidbellumceleriterconficiposseeoexercitumduxit;quilongealiarationeacreliquiGallibellumgererecoeperunt", + "en": "About the same time Caesar, although the summer was nearly past, yet, since, all Gaul being reduced, the Morini and the Menapii alone remained in arms, and had never sent embassadors to him [to make a treaty] of peace, speedily led his army thither, thinking that that war might soon be terminated. They resolved to conduct the war on a very different method from the rest of the Gauls" + }, + { + "id": 6489, + "la": "Namquodintellegebantmaximasnationes,quaeproeliocontendissent,pulsassuperatasqueesse,continentesquesilvasacpaludeshabebant,eosesuaqueomniacontulerunt", + "en": "for as they perceived that the greatest nations [of Gaul] who had engaged in war, had been routed and overcome, and as they possessed continuous ranges of forests and morasses, they removed themselves and all their property thither." + }, + { + "id": 6490, + "la": "AdquaruminitiumsilvarumcumCaesarpervenissetcastraquemunireinstituissetnequehostisinterimvisusesset,dispersisinoperenostrissubitoexomnibuspartibussilvaeevolaveruntetinnostrosimpetumfecerunt", + "en": "When Caesar had arrived at the opening of these forests, and had began to fortify his camp, and no enemy was in the mean time seen, while our men were dispersed on their respective duties, they suddenly rushed out from all parts of the forest, and made an attack on our men" + }, + { + "id": 6491, + "la": "Nostriceleriterarmaceperunteosqueinsilvasrepuleruntetcompluribusinterfectislongiusimpeditioribuslocissecutipaucosexsuisdeperdiderunt", + "en": "The latter quickly took up arms and drove them back again to their forests; and having killed a great many, lost a few of their own men while pursuing them too far through those intricate places." + }, + { + "id": 6492, + "la": "ReliquisdeincepsdiebusCaesarsilvascaedereinstituit,etnequisinermibusimprudentibusquemilitibusablatereimpetusfieriposset,omnemeammateriamquaeeratcaesaconversamadhostemconlocabatetprovalloadutrumquelatusextruebat", + "en": "During the remaining days after this, Caesar began to cut down the forests; and that no attack might be made on the flank of the soldiers, while unarmed and not foreseeing it, he placed together (opposite to the enemy) all that timber which was cut down, and piled it up as a rampart on either flank" + }, + { + "id": 6493, + "la": "Incredibiliceleritatemagnospatiopaucisdiebusconfecto,cumiampecusatqueextremaimpedimentaanostristenerentur,ipsidensioressilvaspeterent,eiusmodisunttempestatesconsecutaeutiopusnecessariointermittereturetcontinuationeimbriumdiutiussubpellibusmilitescontinerinonpossent", + "en": "When a great space had been, with incredible speed, cleared in a few days, when the cattle [of the enemy] and the rear of their baggage train were already seized by our men, and they themselves were seeking for the thickest parts of the forests, storms of such a kind came on that the work was necessarily suspended, and, through the continuance of the rains, the soldiers could not any longer remain in their tents." + }, + { + "id": 6494, + "la": "Itaquevastatisomnibuseorumagris,vicisaedificiisqueincensis,CaesarexercitumreduxitetinAulercisLexoviisque,reliquisitemcivitatibusquaeproximebellumfecerant,inhibernisconlocavit", + "en": "Therefore, having laid waste all their country, [and] having burned their villages and houses, Caesar led back his army and stationed them in winter quarters among the Aulerci and Lexovii, and the other states which had made war upon him last." + }, + { + "id": 6495, + "la": "Eaquaesecutaesthieme,quifuitannusCn.Pompeio,M.Crassoconsulibus,UsipetesGermanietitemTencterimagna[cum]multitudinehominumflumenRhenumtransierunt,nonlongeamari,quoRhenusinfluit", + "en": "The following winter (this was the year in which Cn. Pompey and M. Crassus were consuls [55 B.C.]), those Germans [called] the Usipetes, and likewise the Tenchtheri, with a great number of men, crossed the Rhine , not far from the place at which that river discharges itself into the sea" + }, + { + "id": 6496, + "la": "CausatranseundifuitquodabSuebiscompluresannosexagitatibellopremebanturetagriculturaprohibebantur", + "en": "The motive for crossing [that river] was, that having been for several years harassed by the Suevi, they were constantly engaged in war, and hindered from the pursuits of agriculture" + }, + { + "id": 6497, + "la": "SueborumgensestlongemaximaetbellicosissimaGermanorumomnium", + "en": "The nation of the Suevi is by far the largest and the most warlike nation of all the Germans" + }, + { + "id": 6498, + "la": "Hicentumpagoshaberedicuntur,exquibusquotannissingulamiliaarmatorumbellandicausaexfinibuseducunt.Reliqui,quidomimanserunt,seatqueillosalunt;", + "en": "They are said to possess a hundred cantons, from each of which they yearly send from their territories for the purpose of war a thousand armed men: the others who remain at home, maintain [both] themselves and those-engaged in the expedition" + }, + { + "id": 6499, + "la": "hirursusinvicemannopostinarmissunt,illidomiremanent", + "en": "The latter again, in their turn, are in arms the year after: the former remain at home" + }, + { + "id": 6500, + "la": "Sicnequeagriculturanecratioatqueususbelliintermittitur", + "en": "Thus neither husbandry, nor the art and practice of war are neglected" + }, + { + "id": 6501, + "la": "Sedprivatiacseparatiagriapudeosnihilest,nequelongiusannoremanereunoinlococolendicausalicet", + "en": "But among them there exists no private and separate land; nor are they permitted to remain more than one year in one place for the purpose of residence" + }, + { + "id": 6502, + "la": "Nequemultumfrumento,sedmaximampartemlacteatquepecorevivuntmultumsuntinvenationibus;", + "en": "They do not live much on corn, but subsist for the most part on milk and flesh, and are much [engaged] in hunting" + }, + { + "id": 6503, + "la": "quaeresetcibigenereetcotidianaexercitationeetlibertatevitae,quodapuerisnulloofficioautdisciplinaadsuefactinihilomninocontravoluntatemfaciunt,etviresalitetimmanicorporummagnitudinehominesefficit", + "en": "which circumstance must, by the nature of their food, and by their daily exercise and the freedom of their life (for having from boyhood been accustomed to no employment, or discipline, they do nothing at all contrary to their inclination), both promote their strength and render them men of vast stature of body" + }, + { + "id": 6504, + "la": "Atqueineamseconsuetudinemadduxeruntutlocisfrigidissimisnequevestituspraeterpelleshabeantquicquam,quarumpropterexiguitatemmagnaestcorporisparsaperta,etlaventurinfluminibus", + "en": "And to such a habit have they brought themselves, that even in the coldest parts they wear no clothing whatever except skins, by reason of the scantiness of which, a great portion of their body is bare, and besides they bathe in open rivers." + }, + { + "id": 6505, + "la": "Mercatoribusestaditusmagiseoutquaebelloceperintquibusvendanthabeant,quamquoullamremadseimportaridesiderent", + "en": "Merchants have access to them rather that they may have persons to whom they may sell those things which they have taken in war, than because they need any commodity to be imported to them." + }, + { + "id": 6506, + "la": "Quinetiamiumentis,quibusmaximeGallidelectanturquaequeimpensoparantpretio,Germaniimportatisnonutuntur,sedquaesuntapudeosnata,parvaatquedeformia,haeccotidianaexercitationesummiutsintlaborisefficiunt", + "en": "Moreover, even as to laboring cattle, in which the Gauls take the greatest pleasure, and which they procure at a great price, the Germans do not employ such as are imported, but those poor and ill-shaped animals, which belong to their country; these, however, they render capable of the greatest labor by daily exercise" + }, + { + "id": 6507, + "la": "Equestribusproeliissaepeexequisdesiliuntacpedibusproeliantur,equoseodemremanerevestigioadsuefecerunt,adquosseceleriter,cumususest,recipiunt:", + "en": "In cavalry actions they frequently leap from their horses and fight on foot; and train their horses to stand still in the very spot on which they leave them, to which they retreat with great activity when there is occasion" + }, + { + "id": 6508, + "la": "nequeeorummoribusturpiusquicquamautinertiushabeturquamephippiisuti", + "en": "nor, according to their practice, is any thing regarded as more unseemly, or more unmanly, than to use housings" + }, + { + "id": 6509, + "la": "Itaqueadquemvisnumerumephippiatorumequitumquamvispauciadireaudent", + "en": "Accordingly, they have the courage, though they be themselves but few, to advance against any number whatever of horse mounted with housings" + }, + { + "id": 6510, + "la": "Vinumomninoadseimportarinonpatiuntur,quodeareadlaboremferendumremollescerehominesatqueeffeminariarbitrantur", + "en": "They on no account permit wine to be imported to them, because they consider that men degenerate in their powers of enduring fatigue, and are rendered effeminate by that commodity." + }, + { + "id": 6511, + "la": "Publicemaximamputantesselaudemquamlatissimeasuisfinibusvacareagros:hacresignificarimagnumnumerumcivitatumsuamvimsustinerenonposse", + "en": "They esteem it their greatest praise as a nation, that the lands about their territories lie unoccupied to a very great extent, inasmuch as [they think] that by this circumstance is indicated, that a great number of nations can not withstand their power" + }, + { + "id": 6512, + "la": "ItaqueunaexparteaSuebiscircitermiliapassuumCagrivacaredicuntur", + "en": "and thus on one side of the Suevi the lands are said to lie desolate for about six hundred miles" + }, + { + "id": 6513, + "la": "AdalterampartemsucceduntUbii,quorumfuitcivitasamplaatqueflorens,utestcaptusGermanorum;iipaulo,quamquamsunteiusdemgeneris,suntceterishumaniores,proptereaquodRhenumattinguntmultumadeosmercatoresventitantetipsipropterpropinquitatem[quod]Gallicissuntmoribusadsuefacti", + "en": "On the other side they border on the Ubii, whose state was large and flourishing, considering the condition of the Germans, and who are somewhat more refined than those of the same race and the rest [of the Germans], and that because they border on the Rhine , and are much resorted to by merchants, and are accustomed to the manners of the Gauls, by reason of their approximity to them" + }, + { + "id": 6514, + "la": "HoscumSuebimultissaepebellisexpertipropteramplitudinemgravitatemcivitatisfinibusexpellerenonpotuissent,tamenvectigalessibifeceruntacmultohumilioresinfirmioresredegerunt", + "en": "Though the Suevi, after making the attempt frequently and in several wars, could not expel this nation from their territories, on account of the extent and population of their state, yet they made them tributaries, and rendered them less distinguished and powerful" + }, + { + "id": 6515, + "la": "IneademcausafueruntUsipetesetTencteri,quossupradiximus;quicompluresannosSueborumvimsustinuerunt,", + "en": "In the same condition were the Usipetes and the Tenchtheri (whom we have mentioned above), who, for many years, resisted the power of the Suevi" + }, + { + "id": 6516, + "la": "adextremumtamenagrisexpulsietmultislocisGermaniaetrienniumvagatiadRhenumpervenerunt,quasregionesMenapiiincolebant.Hiadutramqueripamfluminisagros,aedificiavicosquehabebant;", + "en": "but being at last driven from their possessions, and having wandered through many parts of Germany , came to the Rhine , to districts which the Menapii inhabited, and where they had lands, houses, and villages on either side of the river" + }, + { + "id": 6517, + "la": "sedtantaemultitudinisadventuperterritiexiisaedificiisquaetransflumenhabuerantdemigraverant,etcisRhenumdispositispraesidiisGermanostransireprohibebant", + "en": "The latter people, alarmed by the arrival of so great a multitude, removed from those houses which they had on the other side of the river, and having placed guards on this side the Rhine , proceeded to hinder the Germans from crossing" + }, + { + "id": 6518, + "la": "Illiomniaexperti,cumnequevicontenderepropterinopiamnaviumnequeclamtransireproptercustodiasMenapiorumpossent,", + "en": "They, finding themselves, after they had tried all means, unable either to force a passage on account of their deficiency in shipping, or cross by stealth on account of the guards of the Menapii" + }, + { + "id": 6519, + "la": "revertiseinsuassedesregionessimulaveruntettriduiviamprogressirursusreverteruntatqueomnihocitinereunanocteequitatuconfectoinsciosinopinantesMenapiosoppresserunt,", + "en": "pretended to return to their own settlements and districts; and, after having proceeded three days' march, returned; and their cavalry having performed the whole of this journey in one night, cut off the Menapii, who were ignorant of" + }, + { + "id": 6520, + "la": "quideGermanorumdiscessuperexploratorescertioresfactisinemetutransRhenuminsuosvicosremigraverant", + "en": "and did not expect [their approach, and] who, having moreover been informed of the departure of the Germans by their scouts, had, without apprehension, returned to their villages beyond the Rhine" + }, + { + "id": 6521, + "la": "Hisinterfectisnavibuseorumoccupatis,priusquameaparsMenapiorumquaecitraRhenumeratcertiorfieret,flumentransieruntatqueomnibuseorumaedificiisoccupatisreliquampartemhiemisseeorumcopiisaluerunt", + "en": "Having slain these, and seized their ships, they crossed the river before that part of the Menapii, who were at peace in their settlements over the Rhine , were apprized of [their intention]; and seizing all their houses, maintained themselves upon their provisions during the rest of the winter." + }, + { + "id": 6522, + "la": "HisderebusCaesarcertiorfactusetinfirmitatemGallorumveritus,quodsuntinconsiliiscapiendismobilesetnovisplerumquerebusstudent,nihilhiscommittendumexistimavit", + "en": "Caesar, when informed of these matters, fearing the fickle disposition of the Gauls, who are easily prompted to take up resolutions, and much addicted to change, considered that nothing was to be intrusted to them" + }, + { + "id": 6523, + "la": "EstenimhocGallicaeconsuetudinis,utietviatoresetiaminvitosconsisterecogantetquidquisqueeorumdequaquereaudieritautcognoveritquaerantetmercatoresinoppidisvulguscircumsistatquibusexregionibusveniantquasibirescognoverintpronuntiarecogat", + "en": "for it is the custom of that people to compel travelers to stop, even against their inclination, and inquire what they may have heard, or may know, respecting any matter; and in towns the common people throng around merchants and force them to state from what countries they come, and what affairs they know of there" + }, + { + "id": 6524, + "la": "Hisrebusatqueauditionibuspermotidesummissaeperebusconsiliaineunt,quorumeosinvestigiopaeniterenecesseest,cumincertisrumoribusserviantetpleriadvoluntatemeorumfictarespondeant", + "en": "They often engage in resolutions concerning the most important matters, induced by these reports and stories alone; of which they must necessarily instantly repent, since they yield to mere unauthorized reports; and since most people give to their questions answers framed agreeably to their wishes." + }, + { + "id": 6525, + "la": "QuaconsuetudinecognitaCaesar,negravioribello,occurreret,maturiusquamconsueratadexercitumproficiscitur", + "en": "Caesar, being aware of their custom, in order that he might not encounter a more formidable war, sets forward to the army earlier in the year than he was accustomed to do" + }, + { + "id": 6526, + "la": "Eocumvenisset,eaquasforesuspicatuseratfactacognovit:", + "en": "When he had arrived there, he discovered that those things, which he had suspected would occur, had taken place" + }, + { + "id": 6527, + "la": "missaslegationesabnonnulliscivitatibusadGermanosinvitatoseosutiabRhenodiscederent:omniaquae[que]postulassentabseforeparata", + "en": "that embassies had been sent to the Germans by some of the states, and that they had been entreated to leave the Rhine , and had been promised that all things which they desired should be provided by the Gauls" + }, + { + "id": 6528, + "la": "QuaspeadductiGermanilatiusiamvagabanturetinfinesEburonumetCondrusorum,quisuntTreverorumclientes,pervenerant", + "en": "Allured by this hope, the Germans were then making excursions to greater distances, and had advanced to the territories of the Eburones and the Condrusi, who are under the protection of the Treviri" + }, + { + "id": 6529, + "la": "PrincipibusGalliceevocatisCaesareaquaecognoveratdissimulandasibiexistimavit,eorumqueanimispermulsisetconfirmatisequitatuimperatobellumcumGermanisgerereconstituit", + "en": "After summoning the chiefs of Gaul, Caesar thought proper to pretend ignorance of the things which he had discovered; and having conciliated and confirmed their minds, and ordered some cavalry to be raised, resolved to make war against the Germans." + }, + { + "id": 6530, + "la": "Refrumentariacomparataequitibusquedelectisiterinealocafacerecoepit,quibusinlocisesseGermanosaudiebat", + "en": "Having provided corn and selected his cavalry, he began to direct his march toward those parts in which he heard the Germans were" + }, + { + "id": 6531, + "la": "Aquibuscumpaucorumdierumiterabesset,legatiabiisvenerunt,quorumhaecfuitoratio:", + "en": "When he was distant from them only a few days' march, embassadors came to him from their state, whose speech was as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 6532, + "la": "GermanosnequepriorespopuloRomanobelluminferrenequetamenrecusare,silacessantur,quinarmiscontendant,quodGermanorumconsuetudo[haec]sitamaioribustradita,Quicumquebelluminferant,resisterenequedeprecari.Haectamendicerevenisseinvitos,eiectosdomo;", + "en": "\"That the Germans neither make war upon the Roman people first, nor do they decline, if they are provoked, to engage with them in arms; for that this was the custom of the Germans handed down to them from their forefathers, -to resist whatsoever people make war upon them and not to avert it by entreaty; this, however, they confessed,-that they had come hither reluctantly, having been expelled from their country" + }, + { + "id": 6533, + "la": "sisuamgratiamRomanivelint,posseiisutilesesseamicos;velsibiagrosattribuantvelpatiantureostenerequosarmispossederint:", + "en": "If the Romans were disposed to accept their friendship, they might be serviceable allies to them; and let them either assign them lands, or permit them to retain those which they had acquired by their arms" + }, + { + "id": 6534, + "la": "seseunisSuebisconcedere,quibusnediquidemimmortalesparesessepossint;reliquumquideminterrisesseneminemquemnonsuperarepossint", + "en": "that they are inferior to the Suevi alone, to whom not even the immortal gods can show themselves equal; that there was none at all besides on earth whom they could not conquer.\"" + }, + { + "id": 6535, + "la": "AdhaecCaesarquaevisumestrespondit;sedexitusfuitorationis:sibinullamcumiisamicitiamesseposse,siinGalliaremanerent;", + "en": "To these remarks Caesar replied in such terms as he thought proper; but the conclusion of his speech was, \"That he could make no alliance with them, if they continued in Gaul" + }, + { + "id": 6536, + "la": "nequeverumesse,quisuosfinestuerinonpotuerintalienosoccupare;nequeullosinGalliavacareagrosquidaritantaepraesertimmultitudinisineiniuriapossint;", + "en": "that it was not probable that they who were not able to defend their own territories, should get possession of those of others, nor were there any lands lying waste in Gaul, which could be given away, especially to so great a number of men, without doing wrong" + }, + { + "id": 6537, + "la": "sedlicere,sivelint,inUbiorumfinibusconsidere,quorumsintlegatiapudseetdeSueboruminiuriisqueranturetaseauxiliumpetant:hocseUbiisimperaturum", + "en": "but they might, if they were desirous, settle in the territories of the Ubii; whose embassadors were then with him, and were complaining of the aggressions of the Suevi, and requesting assistance from him; and that he would obtain this request from them" + }, + { + "id": 6538, + "la": "LegatihaecseadsuosrelaturosdixeruntetredeliberatapostdiemtertiumadCaesaremreversuros:intereanepropiussecastramoveretpetierunt", + "en": "The embassadors said that they would report these things to their country men; and, after having deliberated on the matter, would return to Caesar after the third day, they begged that he would not in the mean time advance his camp nearer to them" + }, + { + "id": 6539, + "la": "NeidquidemCaesarabseimpetraripossedixit", + "en": "Caesar said that he could not grant them even that" + }, + { + "id": 6540, + "la": "CognoveratenimmagnampartemequitatusabiisaliquotdiebusantepraedandifrumentandicausaadAmbivaritostransMosammissam:hosexpectariequitesatqueeiusreicausamoraminterponiarbitrabatur", + "en": "for he had learned that they had sent a great part of their cavalry over the Meuse to the Ambivariti, some days before, for the purpose of plundering and procuring forage. He supposed that they were then waiting for these horse, and that the delay was caused on this account." + }, + { + "id": 6541, + "la": "MosaprofluitexmonteVosego,quiestinfinibusLingonum,etpartequadamexRhenorecepta,quaeappellaturVacalusinsulamefficitBatavorum,inOceanuminfluit", + "en": "The Meuse rises from mount Le Vosge, which is in the territories of the Lingones ; and, having received a branch of the Rhine , which is called the Waal , forms the island of the Batavi," + }, + { + "id": 6542, + "la": "nequelongiusabOceanomilibuspassuumLXXXinRhenuminfluit", + "en": "and not more than eighty miles from it it falls into the ocean" + }, + { + "id": 6543, + "la": "RhenusautemoriturexLepontiis,quiAlpesincolunt,etlongospatioperfinesNantuatium,Helvetiorum,Sequanorum,Mediomatricorum,Tribocorum,Treverorumcitatusferturet,", + "en": "But the Rhine takes its source among the Lepontii, who inhabit the Alps , and is carried with a rapid current for a long distance through the territories of the Sarunates, Helvetii, Sequani, Mediomatrici, Tribuci, and Treviri" + }, + { + "id": 6544, + "la": "ubiOceanoadpropinquavit,inpluresdiffluitpartesmultisingentibusinsuliseffectis,quarumparsmagnaaferisbarbarisnationibusincolitur,", + "en": "and when it approaches the ocean, divides into several branches; and, having formed many and extensive islands, a great part of which are inhabited by savage and barbarous nations" + }, + { + "id": 6545, + "la": "exquibussuntquipiscibusatqueovisaviumvivereexistimantur,multiscapitibusinOceanuminfluit", + "en": "of whom there are some who are supposed to live on fish and the eggs of sea-fowl), flows into the ocean by several mouths." + }, + { + "id": 6546, + "la": "CaesarcumabhostenonampliuspassuumXIImilibusabesset,uteratconstitutum,adeumlegatirevertuntur;quiinitinerecongressimagnoperenelongiusprogredereturorabant", + "en": "When Caesar was not more than twelve miles distant from the enemy, the embassadors return to him, as had been arranged; who meeting him on the march, earnestly entreated him not to advance any further" + }, + { + "id": 6547, + "la": "Cumidnonimpetrassent,petebantutiadeos[equites]quiagmenantecessissentpraemittereteospugnaprohiberet,sibiqueutpotestatemfaceretinUbioslegatosmittendi;", + "en": "When they could not obtain this, they begged him to send on a dispatch to those who had marched in advance of the main army, and forbid them to engage; and grant them permission to send embassadors to the Ubii" + }, + { + "id": 6548, + "la": "quorumsiprincipesacsenatussibiiureiurandofidemfecisset,eacondicionequaeaCaesareferreturseusurosostendebant:adhasresconficiendassibitriduispatiumdaret", + "en": "and if the princes and senate of the latter would give them security by oath, they assured Caesar that they would accept such conditions as might be proposed by him; and requested that he would give them the space of three days for negociating these affairs" + }, + { + "id": 6549, + "la": "HaecomniaCaesareodemillopertinerearbitrabaturuttriduimorainterpositaequiteseorumquiabessentreverterentur;tamensesenonlongiusmilibuspassuumIIIIaquationiscausaprocessurumeodiedixit:", + "en": "Caesar thought that these things tended to the self-same point [as their other proposal]; [namely] that, in consequence of a delay of three days intervening, their horse, which were at a distance, might return; however, he said, that he would not that day advance further than four miles for the purpose of procuring water" + }, + { + "id": 6550, + "la": "hucposterodiequamfrequentissimiconvenirent,utdeeorumpostulatiscognosceret", + "en": "he ordered that they should assemble at that place in as large a number as possible, the following day, that he might inquire into their demands" + }, + { + "id": 6551, + "la": "Interimadpraefectos,quicumomniequitatuantecesserant,mittitquinuntiarentnehostesproeliolacesserent,etsiipsilacesserentur,sustinerentquoadipsecumexercitupropiusaccessisset", + "en": "In the mean time he sends messengers to the officers who had marched in advance with all the cavalry, to order them not to provoke the enemy to an engagement, and if they themselves were assailed, to sustain the attack until he came up with the army" + }, + { + "id": 6552, + "la": "Athostes,ubiprimumnostrosequitesconspexerunt,quorumeratVmiliumnumerus,cumipsinonampliusDCCCequiteshaberent,quodiiquifrumentandicausaieranttransMosamprofectinondumredierant,nihiltimentibusnostris,quodlegatieorumpauloanteaCaesarediscesserantatqueisdiesindutiiseratabhispetitus,impetufactoceleriternostrosperturbaverunt;", + "en": "But the enemy, as soon as they saw our horse, the number of which was 5000, whereas they themselves had not more than 800 horse, because those which had gone over the Meuse for the purpose of foraging had not returned, while our men had no apprehensions, because their embassadors had gone away from Caesar a little before, and that day had been requested by them as a period of truce, made an onset on our men, and soon threw them into disorder" + }, + { + "id": 6553, + "la": "rursushisresistentibusconsuetudinesuaadpedesdesilueruntsubfossisequiscompluribusnostrisdeiectisreliquosinfugamconieceruntatqueitaperterritosegeruntutnonpriusfugadesisterentquaminconspectumagminisnostrivenissent", + "en": "When our men, in their turn, made a stand, they, according to their practice, leaped from their horses to their feet, and stabbing our horses in the belly and overthrowing a great many of our men, put the rest to flight, and drove them forward so much alarmed that they did not desist from their retreat till they had come in sight of our army" + }, + { + "id": 6554, + "la": "IneoproelioexequitibusnostrisinterficiunturIIIIetLXX,", + "en": "In that encounter seventy-four of our horse were slain" + }, + { + "id": 6555, + "la": "inhisvirfortissimusPisoAquitanus,amplissimogenerenatus,cuiusavusincivitatesuaregnumobtinueratamicusasenatunostroappellatus", + "en": "among them, Piso, an Aquitanian, a most valiant man, and descended from a very illustrious family; whose grandfather had held the sovereignty of his state, and had been styled friend by our senate" + }, + { + "id": 6556, + "la": "Hiccumfratriinterclusoabhostibusauxiliumferret,illumexpericuloeripuit,ipseequovulneratodeiectus,quoadpotuit,fortissimerestitit;", + "en": "He, while he was endeavoring to render assistance to his brother who was surrounded by the enemy, and whom he rescued from danger, was himself thrown from his horse, which was wounded under him, but still opposed [his antagonists] with the greatest intrepidity, as long as he was able to maintain the conflict" + }, + { + "id": 6557, + "la": "cumcircumventusmultisvulneribusacceptiscecidissetatqueidfrater,quiiamproelioexcesserat,proculanimadvertisset,incitatoequosehostibusobtulitatqueinterfectusest", + "en": "When at length he fell, surrounded on all sides and after receiving many wounds, and his brother, who had then retired from the fight, observed it from a distance, he spurred on his horse, threw himself upon the enemy, and was killed" + }, + { + "id": 6558, + "la": "HocfactoproelioCaesarnequeiamsibilegatosaudiendosnequecondicionesaccipiendasarbitrabaturabiisquiperdolumatqueinsidiaspetitapaceultrobellumintulissent;", + "en": "After this engagement, Caesar considered that neither ought embassadors to be received to audience, nor conditions be accepted by him from those who, after having sued for peace by way of stratagem and treachery, had made war without provocation" + }, + { + "id": 6559, + "la": "expectareverodumhostiumcopiaeaugerenturequitatusreverteretursummaedementiaeesseiudicabat,", + "en": "And to wait until the enemy's forces were augmented and their cavalry had returned, he concluded, would be the greatest madness" + }, + { + "id": 6560, + "la": "etcognitaGalloruminfirmitatequantumiamapudeoshostesunoproelioauctoritatisessentconsecutisentiebat;quibusadconsiliacapiendanihilspatiidandumexistimabat", + "en": "and knowing the fickleness of the Gauls, he felt how much influence the enemy had already acquired among them by this one skirmish. He [therefore] deemed that no time for concerting measures ought to be afforded them" + }, + { + "id": 6561, + "la": "Hisconstitutisrebusetconsiliocumlegatisetquaestorecommunicato,nequemdiempugnaepraetermitteret,oportunissimaresaccidit,quodpostridieeiusdieimaneeademetperfidiaetsimulationeusiGermanifrequentes,omnibusprincipibusmaioribusquenatuadhibitis,adeumincastravenerunt,", + "en": "After having resolved on those things and communicated his plans to his lieutenants and quaestor in order that he might not suffer any opportunity for engaging to escape him, a very seasonable event occurred, namely, that on the morning of the next day, a large body of Germans, consisting of their princes and old men, came to the camp to him to practice the same treachery and dissimulation" + }, + { + "id": 6562, + "la": "simul,utdicebatur,suipurgandicausa,quodcontraatqueessetdictumetipsipetissent,proeliumpridiecommisissent,simulut,siquidpossent,deindutiisfallendoimpetrarent", + "en": "but, as they asserted, for the purpose of acquitting themselves for having engaged in a skirmish the day before, contrary to what had been agreed and to what indeed, they themselves had requested; and also if they could by any means obtain a truce by deceiving him" + }, + { + "id": 6563, + "la": "QuossibiCaesaroblatosgavisusillosretineriiussit;ipseomnescopiascastriseduxitequitatumque,quodrecentiproelioperterritumesseexistimabat,agmensubsequiiussit", + "en": "Caesar, rejoicing that they had fallen into his power, ordered them to be detained. He then drew all his forces out of the camp, and commanded the cavalry, because he thought they were intimidated by the late skirmish, to follow in the rear." + }, + { + "id": 6564, + "la": "AcietripliciinstitutaetceleriterVIIImiliumitinereconfecto,priusadhostiumcastrapervenitquamquidagereturGermanisentirepossent", + "en": "Having marshalled his army in three lines, and in a short time performed a march of eight miles, he arrived at the camp of the enemy before the Germans could perceive what was going on" + }, + { + "id": 6565, + "la": "Quiomnibusrebussubitoperterritietceleritateadventusnostrietdiscessusuorum,nequeconsiliihabendinequearmacapiendispatiodatoperturbantur,copiasneadversushostemducereancastradefendereanfugasalutempeterepraestaret", + "en": "who being suddenly alarmed by all the circumstances, both by the speediness of our arrival and the absence of their own officers, as time was afforded neither for concerting measures nor for seizing their arms, are perplexed as to whether it would be better to lead out their forces against the enemy, or to defend their camp, or seek their safety by flight" + }, + { + "id": 6566, + "la": "Quorumtimorcumfremituetconcursusignificaretur,militesnostripristinidieiperfidiaincitatiincastrainruperunt", + "en": "Their consternation being made apparent by their noise and tumult, our soldiers, excited by the treachery of the preceding day, rushed into the camp" + }, + { + "id": 6567, + "la": "Quolocoquiceleriterarmacaperepotueruntpaulispernostrisrestiteruntatqueintercarrosimpedimentaproeliumcommiserunt;", + "en": "such of them as could readily get their arms, for a short time withstood our men, and gave battle among their carts and baggage wagons" + }, + { + "id": 6568, + "la": "atreliquamultitudopuerorummulierumque(nameumomnibussuisdomoexcesserantRhenumtransierant)passimfugerecoepit,adquosconsectandosCaesarequitatummisit", + "en": "but the rest of the people, [consisting] of boys and women (for they had left their country and crossed the Rhine with all their families) began to fly in all directions; in pursuit of whom Caesar sent the cavalry." + }, + { + "id": 6569, + "la": "Germaniposttergumclamoreaudito,eumsuosinterficividerent,armisabiectissignismilitaribusrelictisseexcastriseiecerunt,", + "en": "The Germans when, upon hearing a noise behind them, [they looked and] saw that their families were being slain, throwing away their arms and abandoning their standards, fled out of the camp" + }, + { + "id": 6570, + "la": "eteumadconfluentemMosaeetRhenipervenissent,reliquafugadesperata,magnonumerointerfecto,reliquiseinflumenpraecipitaveruntatqueibitimore,lassitudine,vifluminisoppressiperierunt", + "en": "nd when they had arrived at the confluence of the Meuse and the Rhine , the survivors despairing of further escape, as a great number of their countrymen had been killed, threw themselves into the river and there perished, overcome by fear, fatigue, and the violence of the stream" + }, + { + "id": 6571, + "la": "Nostriadunumomnesincolumes,perpaucisvulneratis,extantibellitimore,cumhostiumnumeruscapitumCCCCXXXmiliumfuisset,seincastrareceperunt", + "en": "Our soldiers, after the alarm of so great a war, for the number of the enemy amounted to 430,000, returned to their camp, all safe to a man, very few being even wounded" + }, + { + "id": 6572, + "la": "Caesariisquosincastrisretinueratdiscedendipotestatemfecit", + "en": "Caesar granted those whom he had detained in the camp liberty of departing" + }, + { + "id": 6573, + "la": "IllisuppliciacruciatusqueGallorumveriti,quorumagrosvexaverant,remanereseapudeumvelledixerunt.HisCaesarlibertatemconcessit", + "en": "They however, dreading revenge and torture from the Gauls, whose lands they had harassed, said that they desired to remain with him. Caesar granted them permission." + }, + { + "id": 6574, + "la": "GermanicobelloconfectomultisdecausisCaesarstatuitsibiRhenumessetranseundum;quarumillafuitiustissimaquod,cumvideretGermanostamfacileimpelliutinGalliamvenirent,suisquoquerebuseostimerevoluit,cumintellegerentetposseetauderepopuliRomaniexercitumRhenumtransire", + "en": "The German war being finished, Caesar thought it expedient for him to cross the Rhine , for many reasons; of which this was the most weighty, that, since he saw the Germans were so easily urged to go into Gaul, he desired they should have their fears for their own territories, when they discovered that the army of the Roman people both could and dared pass the Rhine" + }, + { + "id": 6575, + "la": "AccessitetiamquodillaparsequitatusUsipetumetTencterorum,quamsupracommemoravipraedandifrumentandiquecausaMosamtransissenequeproeliointerfuisse,postfugamsuorumsetransRhenuminfinesSugambrorumreceperatsequecumhisconiunxerat", + "en": "There was added also, that portion of the cavalry of the Usipetes and the Tenchtheri, which I have above related to have crossed the Meuse for the purpose of plundering and procuring forage, and was not present at the engagement, had betaken themselves, after the retreat of their countrymen, across the Rhine into the territories of the Sigambri, and united themselves to them" + }, + { + "id": 6576, + "la": "AdquoscumCaesarnuntiosmisisset,quipostularenteosquisibiGalliaebellumintulissentsibidederent,responderunt:", + "en": "When Caesar sent embassadors to them, to demand that they should give up to him those who had made war against him and against Gaul, they replied" + }, + { + "id": 6577, + "la": "populiRomaniimperiumRhenumfinire;siseinvitoGermanosinGalliamtransirenonaequumexistimaret,cursuiquicquamesseimperiiautpotestatistransRhenumpostularet?", + "en": "\"That the Rhine bounded the empire of the Roman people; if he did not think it just for the Germans to pass over into Gaul against his consent, why did he claim that any thing beyond the Rhine should be subject to his dominion or power?" + }, + { + "id": 6578, + "la": "Ubiiautem,quiuniexTransrhenanisadCaesaremlegatosmiserant,amicitiamfecerant,obsidesdederant,magnopereorabantutsibiauxiliumferret,quodgraviterabSuebispremerentur;", + "en": "The Ubii, also, who alone, out of all the nations lying beyond the Rhine , had sent embassadors to Caesar, and formed an alliance and given hostages, earnestly entreated \"that he would bring them assistance, because they were grievously oppressed by the Suevi" + }, + { + "id": 6579, + "la": "vel,siidfacereoccupationibusreipublicaeprohiberetur,exercitummodoRhenumtransportaret:idsibiadauxiliumspemquereliquitemporissatisfuturum", + "en": "or, if he was prevented from doing so by the business of the commonwealth, he would at least transport his army over the Rhine ; that that would be sufficient for their present assistance and their hope for the future" + }, + { + "id": 6580, + "la": "TantumessenomenatqueopinionemeiusexercitusAriovistopulsoethocnovissimoproeliofactoetiamadultimasGermanorumnationes,utiopinioneetamicitiapopuliRomanitutiessepossint", + "en": "that so great was the name and the reputation of his army, even among the most remote nations of the Germans, arising from the defeat of Ariovistus and this last battle which was fought, that they might be safe under the fame and friendship of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 6581, + "la": "Naviummagnamcopiamadtransportandumexercitumpollicebantur", + "en": "They promised a large number of ships for transporting the army." + }, + { + "id": 6582, + "la": "CaesarhisdecausisquascommemoraviRhenumtransiredecreverat;sednavibustransirenequesatistutumessearbitrabaturnequesuaenequepopuliRomanidignitatisessestatuebat", + "en": "Caesar, for those reasons which I have mentioned, had resolved to cross the Rhine ; but to cross by ships he neither deemed to be sufficiently safe, nor considered consistent with his own dignity or that of the Roman people" + }, + { + "id": 6583, + "la": "Itaque,etsisummadifficultasfaciendipontisproponebaturpropterlatitudinem,rapiditatemaltitudinemquefluminis,tamenidsibicontendendumautaliternontraducendumexercitumexistimabat", + "en": "Therefore, although the greatest difficulty in forming a bridge was presented to him, on account of the breadth, rapidity, and depth of the river, he nevertheless considered that it ought to be attempted by him, or that his army ought not otherwise to be led over" + }, + { + "id": 6584, + "la": "Rationempontishancinstituit.Tignabinasesquipedalia.paulumabimopraeacutadimensaadaltitudinemfluminisintervallopedumduoruminterseiungebat", + "en": "He devised this plan of a bridge. He joined together at the distance of two feet, two piles, each a foot and a half thick, sharpened a little at the lower end, and proportioned in length, to the depth of the river" + }, + { + "id": 6585, + "la": "Haeccummachinationibusimmissainflumendefixeratfistucisqueadegerat,nonsublicaemododerecteadperpendiculum,sedproneacfastigate,utsecundumnaturamfluminisprocumberent,", + "en": "After he had, by means of engines, sunk these into the river, and fixed them at the bottom, and then driven them in with rammers, not quite perpendicularly, dike a stake, but bending forward and sloping, so as to incline in the direction of the current of the river" + }, + { + "id": 6586, + "la": "iisitemcontrariaduoadeundemmodumiunctaintervallopedumquadragenumabinferiorepartecontravimatqueimpetufluminisconversastatuebat", + "en": "he also placed two [other piles] opposite to these, at the distance of forty feet lower down, fastened together in the same manner, but directed against the force and current of the river" + }, + { + "id": 6587, + "la": "Haecutraqueinsuperbipedalibustrabibusimmissis,quantumeorumtignorumiuncturadistabat,binisutrimquefibulisabextremapartedistinebantur;", + "en": "Both these, moreover, were kept firmly apart by beams two feet thick (the space which the binding of the piles occupied), laid in at their extremities between two braces on each side" + }, + { + "id": 6588, + "la": "quibusdisclusisatqueincontrariampartemrevinctis,tantaeratoperisfirmitudoatqueearerumnaturaut,quomaiorvisaquaeseincitavisset,hocartiusinligatatenerentur", + "en": "and in consequence of these being in different directions and fastened on sides the one opposite to the other, so great was the strength of the work, and such the arrangement of the materials, that in proportion as the greater body of water dashed against the bridge, so much the closer were its parts held fastened together" + }, + { + "id": 6589, + "la": "Haecderectamateriainiectacontexebanturaclonguriiscratibusqueconsternebantur;", + "en": "These beams were bound together by timber laid over them, in the direction of the length of the bridge, and were [then] covered over with laths and hurdles;" + }, + { + "id": 6590, + "la": "acnihilosetiussublicaeetadinferiorempartemfluminisobliqueagebantur,quaeproarietesubiectaeetcumomniopereconiunctaevimfluminisexciperent,", + "en": "and in addition to this, piles were driven into the water obliquely, at the lower side of the bridge, and these, serving as buttresses, and being connected with every portion of the work, sustained the force of the stream:" + }, + { + "id": 6591, + "la": "etaliaeitemsuprapontemmediocrispatio,ut,siarborumtruncisivenavesdeiciendioperiscausaessentabarbarismissae,hisdefensoribusearumrerumvisminuereturneupontinocerent", + "en": "and there were others also above the bridge, at a moderate distance; that if trunks of trees or vessels were floated down the river by the barbarians for the purpose of destroying the work, the violence of such things might be diminished by these defenses, and might not injure the bridge." + }, + { + "id": 6592, + "la": "DiebusX,quibusmateriacoeptaeratcomportari,omniopereeffectoexercitustraducitur", + "en": "Within ten days after the timber began to be collected, the whole work was completed, and the whole army led over" + }, + { + "id": 6593, + "la": "CaesaradutramquepartempontisfirmopraesidiorelictoinfinesSugambrorumcontendit", + "en": "Caesar, leaving a strong guard at each end of the bridge, hastens into the territories of the Sigambri" + }, + { + "id": 6594, + "la": "Interimacompluribuscivitatibusadeumlegativeniunt;quibuspacematqueamicitiampetentibusliberaliterrespondetobsidesqueadseadduciiubet", + "en": "In the mean time, embassadors from several nations come to him, whom, on their suing for peace and alliance, he answers in a courteous manner, and orders hostages to be brought to him" + }, + { + "id": 6595, + "la": "AtSugambri,exeotemporequoponsinstituicoeptusestfugacomparata,hortantibusiisquosexTencterisatqueUsipetibusapudsehabebant,finibussuisexcesserantsuaqueomniaexportaverantsequeinsolitudinemacsilvasabdiderant", + "en": "But the Sigambri, at the very time the bridge was begun to be built, made preparations for a flight (by the advice of such of the Tenchtheri and Usipetes as they had among them), and quitted their territories, and conveyed away all their possessions, and concealed themselves in deserts and woods." + }, + { + "id": 6596, + "la": "Caesarpaucosdiesineorumfinibusmoratus,omnibusvicisaedificiisqueincensisfrumentisquesuccisis,seinfinesUbiorumrecepitatquehisauxiliumsuumpollicitus,siaSuebispremerentur,haecabiiscognovit:", + "en": "Caesar, having remained in their territories a few days, and burned all their villages and houses, and cut down their corn, proceeded into the territories of the Ubii; and having promised them his assistance, if they were ever harassed by the Suevi, he learned from them these particulars" + }, + { + "id": 6597, + "la": "Suebos,posteaquamperexploratorespontemfiericomperissent,moresuoconciliohabitonuntiosinomnespartesdimisisse,utideoppidisdemigrarent,liberos,uxoressuaqueomniainsilvisdeponerentatqueomnesquiarmaferrepossentunuminlocumconvenirent", + "en": "that the Suevi, after they had by means of their scouts found that the bridge was being built, had called a council, according to their custom, and sent orders to all parts of their state to remove from the towns and convey their children, wives, and all their possessions into the woods, and that all who could bear arms should assemble in one place" + }, + { + "id": 6598, + "la": "HuncessedelectummediumfereregionumearumquasSuebiobtinerent;hicRomanorumadventumexpectareatqueibidecertareconstituisse", + "en": "that the place thus chosen was nearly the centre of those regions which the Suevi possessed; that in this spot they had resolved to await the arrival of the Romans, and give them battle there" + }, + { + "id": 6599, + "la": "QuodubiCaesarcomperit,omnibusiisrebusconfectis,quarumrerumcausaexercitumtraducereconstituerat,utGermanismetuminiceret,utSugambrosulcisceretur,utUbiosobsidioneliberaret,diebusomninoXVIIItransRhenumconsumptis,satisetadlaudemetadutilitatemprofectumarbitratusseinGalliamrecepitpontemquerescidit", + "en": "When Caesar discovered this, having already accomplished all these things on account of which he had resolved to lead his army over, namely, to strike fear into the Germans, take vengeance on the Sigambri, and free the Ubii from the invasion of the Suevi, having spent altogether eighteen days beyond the Rhine , and thinking he had advanced far enough to serve both honor and interest, he returned into Gaul, and cut down the bridge." + }, + { + "id": 6600, + "la": "ExiguaparteaestatisreliquaCaesar,etsiinhislocis,quodomnisGalliaadseptentrionesvergit,maturaesunthiemes,tameninBritanniamproficiscicontendit,quodomnibusfereGallicisbellishostibusnostrisindesubministrataauxiliaintellegebat,", + "en": "During the short part of summer which remained, Caesar, although in these countries, as all Gaul lies toward the north, the winters are early, nevertheless resolved to proceed into Britain, because he discovered that in almost all the wars with the Gauls succors had been furnished to our enemy from that country" + }, + { + "id": 6601, + "la": "etsitempusanniadbellumgerendumdeficeret,tamenmagnosibiusuiforearbitrabatur,simodoinsulamadiisset,genushominumperspexisset,loca,portus,adituscognovisset;quaeomniafereGalliserantincognita", + "en": "and even if the time of year should be insufficient for carrying on the war, yet he thought it would be of great service to him if he only entered the island, and saw into the character of the people, and got knowledge of their localities, harbors, and landing-places, all which were for the most part unknown to the Gauls" + }, + { + "id": 6602, + "la": "Nequeenimtemerepraetermercatoresilloaditquisquam,nequehisipsisquicquampraeterorammaritimamatqueeasregionesquaesuntcontraGalliamnotumest", + "en": "For neither does any one except merchants generally go thither, nor even to them was any portion of it known, except the sea-coast and those parts which are opposite to Gaul" + }, + { + "id": 6603, + "la": "Itaquevocatisadseundiquemercatoribus,nequequantaessetinsulaemagnitudonequequaeautquantaenationesincolerent,nequequemusumbellihaberentautquibusinstitutisuterentur,nequequiessentadmaioremnaviummultitudinemidoneiportusreperirepoterat", + "en": "Therefore, after having called up to him the merchants from all parts, he could learn neither what was the size of the island, nor what or how numerous were the nations which inhabited it, nor what system of war they followed, nor what customs they used, nor what harbors were convenient for a great number of large ships." + }, + { + "id": 6604, + "la": "Adhaeccognoscenda,priusquampericulumfaceret,idoneumessearbitratusC.Volusenumcumnavilongapraemittit", + "en": "He sends before him Caius Volusenus with a ship of war, to acquire a knowledge of these particulars before he in person should make a descent into the island, as he was convinced that this was a judicious measure" + }, + { + "id": 6605, + "la": "Huicmandatutexploratisomnibusrebusadsequamprimumrevertatur", + "en": "He commissioned him to thoroughly examine into all matters, and then return to him as soon as possible" + }, + { + "id": 6606, + "la": "IpsecumomnibuscopiisinMorinosproficiscitur", + "en": "He himself proceeds to the Morini with all his forces" + }, + { + "id": 6607, + "la": "HucnavesundiqueexfinitimisregionibusetquamsuperioreaestateadVeneticumbellumfeceratclassemiubetconvenire", + "en": "He orders ships from all parts of the neighboring countries, and the fleet which the preceding summer he had built for the war with the Veneti, to assemble in this place" + }, + { + "id": 6608, + "la": "Interim,consilioeiuscognitoetpermercatoresperlatoadBritannos,acompluribusinsulaecivitatibusadeumlegativeniunt,quipolliceanturobsidesdareatqueimperiopopuliRomaniobtemperare", + "en": "In the mean time, his purpose having been discovered, and reported to the Britons by merchants, embassadors come to him from several states of the island, to promise that they will give hostages, and submit to the government of the Roman people" + }, + { + "id": 6609, + "la": "Quibusauditis,liberaliterpollicitushortatusqueutineasententiapermanerent,", + "en": "Having given them an audience, he after promising liberally, and exhorting them to continue in that purpose" + }, + { + "id": 6610, + "la": "eosdomumremittitetcumiisunaCommium,quemipseAtrebatibussuperatisregemibiconstituerat,cuiusetvirtutemetconsiliumprobabatetquemsibifidelemessearbitrabaturcuiusqueauctoritasinhisregionibusmagnihabebatur,mittit", + "en": "sends them back to their own country, and [dispatches] with them Commius, whom, upon subduing the Atrebates, he had created king there, a man whose courage and conduct he esteemed, and who he thought would be faithful to him, and whose influence ranked highly in those countries" + }, + { + "id": 6611, + "la": "HuicimperatquaspossitadeatcivitateshorteturqueutpopuliRomanifidemsequantursequeceleritereoventurumnuntiet", + "en": "He orders him to visit as many states as he could, and persuade them to embrace the protection of the Roman people, and apprize them that he would shortly come thither" + }, + { + "id": 6612, + "la": "Volusenusperspectisregionibusomnibusquantumeifacultatisdaripotuit,quinaviegrediacsebarbariscommitterenonauderet,VdieadCaesaremrevertiturquaequeibiperspexissetrenuntiat", + "en": "Volusenus, having viewed the localities as far as means could be afforded one who dared not leave his ship and trust himself to barbarians, returns to Caesar on the fifth day, and reports what he had there observed" + }, + { + "id": 6613, + "la": "DuminhislocisCaesarnaviumparandarumcausamoratur,exmagnaparteMorinorumadeumlegativenerunt,quisedesuperioristemporisconsilioexcusarent,quodhominesbarbarietnostraeconsuetudinisimperitibellumpopuloRomanofecissent,sequeeaquaeimperassetfacturospollicerentur", + "en": "While Caesar remains in these parts for the purpose of procuring ships, embassadors come to him from a great portion of the Morini, to plead their excuse respecting their conduct on the late occasion; alleging that it was as men uncivilized, and as those who were unacquainted with our custom, that they had made war upon the Roman people, and promising to perform what he should command" + }, + { + "id": 6614, + "la": "HocsibiCaesarsatisopportuneaccidissearbitratus,quodnequeposttergumhostemrelinquerevolebatnequebelligerendipropterannitempusfacultatemhabebatnequehastantularumrerumoccupationesBritanniaeanteponendasiudicabat,magnumiisnumerumobsidumimperat", + "en": "Caesar, thinking that this had happened fortunately enough for him, because he neither wished to leave an enemy behind him, nor had an opportunity for carrying on a war, by reason of the time of year, nor considered that employment in such trifling matters was to be preferred to his enterprise on Britain, imposes a large number of hostages" + }, + { + "id": 6615, + "la": "Quibusadductiseosinfidemrecipit.NavibuscirciterLXXXonerariiscoactiscontractisque,quotsatisesseadduastransportandaslegionesexistimabat,quodpraetereanaviumlongarumhabebatquaestori,legatispraefectisquedistribuit", + "en": "and when these were brought, he received them to his protection. Having collected together, and provided about eighty transport ships, as many as he thought necessary for conveying over two legions, he assigned such [ships] of war as he had besides to the quaestor, his lieutenants, and officers of cavalry" + }, + { + "id": 6616, + "la": "HucaccedebantXVIIIonerariaenaves,quaeexeolocoamilibuspassuumVIIIventotenebanturquominusineundemportumvenirepossent:hasequitibustribuit", + "en": "There were in addition to these eighteen ships of burden which were prevented, eight miles from that place, by winds, from being able to reach the same port. These he distributed among the horse" + }, + { + "id": 6617, + "la": "ReliquumexercitumQ.TiturioSabinoetL.AurunculeioCottaelegatisinMenapiosatqueineospagosMorinorumaquibusadeumlegatinonvenerantducendumdedit;", + "en": "the rest of the army, he delivered to Q. Titurius Sabinus and L. Aurunculeius Cotta, his lieutenants, to lead into the territories of the Menapii and those cantons of the Morini from which embassadors had not come to him" + }, + { + "id": 6618, + "la": "SulpiciumRufumlegatumcumeopraesidioquodsatisessearbitrabaturportumtenereiussit", + "en": "He ordered P. Sulpicius Rufus, his lieutenant, to hold possession of the harbor, with such a garrison as he thought sufficient" + }, + { + "id": 6619, + "la": "Hisconstitutisrebus,nactusidoneamadnavigandumtempestatemIII.ferevigiliasolvitequitesqueinulterioremportumprogredietnavesconscendereetsesequiiussit", + "en": "These matters being arranged, finding the weather favorable for his voyage, he set sail about the third watch, and ordered the horse to march forward to the further port, and there embark and follow him" + }, + { + "id": 6620, + "la": "Aquibuscumpaulotardiusessetadministratum,ipsehoradieicirciterIIII.cumprimisnavibusBritanniamattigitatqueibiinomnibuscollibusexpositashostiumcopiasarmatasconspexit", + "en": "As this was performed rather tardily by them, he himself reached Britain with the first squadron of ships, about the fourth hour of the day, and there saw the forces of the enemy drawn up in arms on all the hills" + }, + { + "id": 6621, + "la": "Cuiuslocihaeceratnaturaatqueitamontibusangustismarecontinebatur,utiexlocissuperioribusinlitustelumadigiposset", + "en": "The nature of the place was this: the sea was confined by mountains so close to it that a dart could be thrown from their summit upon the shore" + }, + { + "id": 6622, + "la": "Huncadegrediendumnequaquamidoneumlocumarbitratus,dumreliquaenaveseoconvenirentadhoramnonaminancorisexpectavit", + "en": "Considering this by no means a fit place for disembarking, he remained at anchor till the ninth hour, for the other ships to arrive there" + }, + { + "id": 6623, + "la": "InterimlegatistribunisquemilitumconvocatisetquaeexVolusenocognovissetetquaefierivelletostenditmonuitque,utreimilitarisratio,maximequeutmaritimaerespostularent,ut,cumcelerematqueinstabilemmotumhaberent,adnutumetadtempusDomnesresabiisadministrarentur", + "en": "Having in the mean time assembled the lieutenants and military tribunes, he told them both what he had learned from Volusenus, and what he wished to be done; and enjoined them (as the principle of military matters, and especially as maritime affairs, which have a precipitate and uncertain action, required) that all things should be performed by them at a nod and at the instant" + }, + { + "id": 6624, + "la": "Hisdimissisetventumetaestumunotemporenactussecundum,datosignoetsublatisancoris,circitermiliapassuumVIIabeolocoprogressusapertoacplanolitorenavesconstituit", + "en": "Having dismissed them, meeting both with wind and tide favorable at the same time, the signal being given and the anchor weighed, he advanced about seven miles from that place, and stationed his fleet over against an open and level shore." + }, + { + "id": 6625, + "la": "Atbarbari,consilioRomanorumcognitopraemissoequitatuetessedariis,quoplerumquegenereinproeliisuticonsuerunt,reliquiscopiissubsecutinostrosnavibusegrediprohibebant", + "en": "But the barbarians, upon perceiving the design of the Romans, sent forward their cavalry and charioteers, a class of warriors of whom it is their practice to make great use in their battles, and following with the rest of their forces, endeavored to prevent our men landing" + }, + { + "id": 6626, + "la": "Eratobhascausassummadifficultas,quodnavesproptermagnitudinemnisiinaltoconstituinonpoterant,militibusautem,ignotislocis,impeditismanibus,magnoetgravionerearmorumoppressissimuletdenavibusdesiliendumetinfluctibusconsistendumetcumhostibuseratpugnandum,", + "en": "In this was the greatest difficulty, for the following reasons, namely, because our ships, on account of their great size, could be stationed only in deep water; and our soldiers, in places unknown to them, with their hands embarrassed, oppressed with a large and heavy weight of armor, had at the same time to leap from the ships, stand amid the waves, and encounter the enemy" + }, + { + "id": 6627, + "la": "cumilliautexaridoautpauluminaquamprogressiomnibusmembrisexpeditis,notissimislocis,audactertelacoicerentetequosinsuefactosincitarent", + "en": "whereas they, either on dry ground, or advancing a little way into the water, free in all their limbs in places thoroughly known to them, could confidently throw their weapons and spur on their horses, which were accustomed to this kind of service" + }, + { + "id": 6628, + "la": "Quibusrebusnostriperterritiatquehuiusomninogenerispugnaeimperiti,noneademalacritateacstudioquoinpedestribusutiproeliisconsuerantutebantur", + "en": "Dismayed by these circumstances and altogether untrained in this mode of battle, our men did not all exert the same vigor and eagerness which they had been wont to exert in engagements on dry ground" + }, + { + "id": 6629, + "la": "QuodubiCaesaranimadvertit,naveslongas,quarumetspecieseratbarbarisinusitatioretmotusadusumexpeditior,paulumremoveriabonerariisnavibusetremisincitarietadlatusapertumhostiumconstituiatqueindefundis,sagittis,tormentishostespropelliacsubmoveriiussit;quaeresmagnousuinostrisfuit", + "en": "When Caesar observed this, he ordered the ships of war, the appearance of which was somewhat strange to the barbarians and the motion more ready for service, to be withdrawn a little from the transport vessels, and to be propelled by their oars, and be stationed toward the open flank of the enemy, and the enemy to be beaten off and driven away, with slings, arrows, and engines: which plan was of great service to our men;" + }, + { + "id": 6630, + "la": "Nametnaviumfiguraetremorummotuetinusitatogeneretormentorumpermotibarbariconstiteruntacpaulummodopedemrettulerunt", + "en": "for the barbarians being startled by the form of our ships and the motions of our oars and the nature of our engines, which was strange to them, stopped, and shortly after retreated a little" + }, + { + "id": 6631, + "la": "Atquenostrismilitibuscunctantibus,maximepropteraltitudinemmaris,quiXlegionisaquilamgerebat,obtestatusdeos,uteareslegionifelicitereveniret, 'desilite',inquit, 'milites,nisivultisaquilamhostibusprodere;egocertemeumreipublicaeatqueimperatoriofficiumpraestitero.'", + "en": "And while our men were hesitating [whether they should advance to the shore], chiefly on account of the depth of the sea, he who carried the eagle of the tenth legion, after supplicating the gods that the matter might turn out favorably to the legion, exclaimed, \"Leap, fellow soldiers, unless you wish to betray your eagle to the enemy. I, for my part, will perform my duty to the commonwealth and my general." + }, + { + "id": 6632, + "la": "Hoccumvocemagnadixisset,seexnaviproiecitatqueinhostesaquilamferrecoepit", + "en": "When he had said this with a loud voice, he leaped from the ship and proceeded to bear the eagle toward the enemy" + }, + { + "id": 6633, + "la": "Tumnostricohortatiinterse,netantumdedecusadmitteretur,universiexnavidesiluerunt", + "en": "Then our men, exhorting one another that so great a disgrace should not be incurred, all leaped from the ship" + }, + { + "id": 6634, + "la": "Hositemexproximispriminavibuscumconspexissent,subsecutihostibusadpropinquaverunt", + "en": "When those in the nearest vessels saw them, they speedily followed and approached the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 6635, + "la": "Pugnatumestabutrisqueacriter.Nostritamen,quodnequeordinesservarenequefirmiterinsisterenequesignasubsequipoterantatquealiusaliaexnaviquibuscumquesignisoccurreratseadgregabat,magnopereperturbabantur;", + "en": "The battle was maintained vigorously on both sides. Our men, however, as they could neither keep their ranks, nor get firm footing, nor follow their standards, and as one from one ship and another from another assembled around whatever standards they met, were thrown into great confusion" + }, + { + "id": 6636, + "la": "hostesvero,notisomnibusvadis,ubiexlitorealiquossingularesexnaviegredientesconspexerant,incitatisequisimpeditosadoriebantur,", + "en": "But the enemy, who were acquainted with all the shallows, when from the shore they saw any coming from a ship one by one, spurred on their horses, and attacked them while embarrassed" + }, + { + "id": 6637, + "la": "plurespaucoscircumsistebant,aliiablatereapertoinuniversostelaconiciebant", + "en": "many surrounded a few, others threw their weapons upon our collected forces on their exposed flank" + }, + { + "id": 6638, + "la": "QuodcumanimadvertissetCaesar,scaphaslongarumnavium,itemspeculatorianavigiamilitibuscompleriiussit,etquoslaborantesconspexerat,hissubsidiasubmittebat", + "en": "When Caesar observed this, he ordered the boats of the ships of war and the spy sloops to be filled with soldiers, and sent them up to the succor of those whom he had observed in distress" + }, + { + "id": 6639, + "la": "Nostri,simulinaridoconstiterunt,suisomnibusconsecutis,inhostesimpetumfeceruntatqueeosinfugamdederunt;nequelongiusprosequipotuerunt,quodequitescursumtenereatqueinsulamcaperenonpotuerant.HocunumadpristinamfortunamCaesaridefuit", + "en": "Our men, as soon as they made good their footing on dry ground, and all their comrades had joined them, made an attack upon the enemy, and put them to flight, but could not pursue them very far, because the horse had not been able to maintain their course at sea and reach the island. This alone was wanting to Caesar's accustomed success" + }, + { + "id": 6640, + "la": "Hostesproeliosuperati,simulatqueseexfugareceperunt,statimadCaesaremlegatosdepacemiserunt;obsidessesedaturosquaequeimperassetfacturospollicitisunt", + "en": "The enemy being thus vanquished in battle, as soon as they recovered after their flight, instantly sent embassadors to Caesar to negotiate about peace. They promised to give hostages and perform what he should command" + }, + { + "id": 6641, + "la": "UnacumhislegatisCommiusAtrebasvenit,quemsuprademonstraveramaCaesareinBritanniampraemissum", + "en": "Together with these embassadors came Commius the Atrebatian, who, as I have above said, had been sent by Caesar into Britain" + }, + { + "id": 6642, + "la": "Huncillienaviegressum,cumadeosoratorismodoCaesarismandatadeferret,comprehenderantatqueinvinculaconiecerant;", + "en": "Him they had seized upon when leaving his ship, although in the character of embassador he bore the general's commission to them, and thrown into chains" + }, + { + "id": 6643, + "la": "tumproeliofactoremiseruntetinpetendapaceeiusreiculpaminmultitudinemcontuleruntetpropterimprudentiamutignoscereturpetiverunt", + "en": "then after the battle was fought, they sent him back, and in suing for peace cast the blame of that act upon the common people, and entreated that it might be pardoned on account of their indiscretion" + }, + { + "id": 6644, + "la": "Caesarquestusquod,cumultroincontinentemlegatismissispacemabsepetissent,bellumsinecausaintulissent,ignoscereseimprudentiaedixitobsidesqueimperavit;", + "en": "Caesar, complaining, that after they had sued for peace, and had voluntarily sent embassadors into the continent for that purpose, they had made war without a reason, said that he would pardon their indiscretion, and imposed hostages" + }, + { + "id": 6645, + "la": "quorumillipartemstatimdederunt,partemexlonginquioribuslocisarcessitampaucisdiebussesedaturosdixerunt", + "en": "a part of whom they gave immediately; the rest they said they would give in a few days, since they were sent for from remote places" + }, + { + "id": 6646, + "la": "Intereasuosinagrosremigrareiusserunt,principesqueundiqueconvenireetsecivitatesquesuasCaesaricommendarecoeperunt", + "en": "In the mean time they ordered their people to return to the country parts, and the chiefs assembled from all quarter, and proceeded to surrender themselves and their states to Caesar" + }, + { + "id": 6647, + "la": "Hisrebuspaceconfirmata,postdiemquartumquamestinBritanniamventumnavesXVIII,dequibussuprademonstratumest,quaeequitessustulerant,exsuperioreportuleniventosolverunt", + "en": "A peace being established by these proceedings four days after we had come into Britain, the eighteen ships, to which reference has been made above, and which conveyed the cavalry, set sail from the upper port with a gentle gale" + }, + { + "id": 6648, + "la": "QuaecumadpropinquarentBritanniaeetexcastrisviderentur,tantatempestassubitocoortaestutnullaearumcursumtenereposset,sedaliaeeodemundeerantprofectaereferrentur,aliaeadinferioremparteminsulae,quaeestpropiussolisoccasum,magnosuocumpericulodeicerentur;", + "en": "when, however, they were approaching Britain and were seen from the camp, so great a storm suddenly arose that none of them could maintain their course at sea; and some were taken back to the same port from which they had started;-others, to their great danger, were driven to the lower part of the island, nearer to the west" + }, + { + "id": 6649, + "la": "quaetamenancorisiactiscumfluctibuscomplerentur,necessarioadversanocteinaltumprovectaecontinentempetierunt", + "en": "which, however, after having cast anchor, as they were getting filled with water, put out to sea through necessity in a stormy night, and made for the continent" + }, + { + "id": 6650, + "la": "Eademnocteacciditutessetlunaplena,quidiesamaritimosaestusmaximosinOceanoefficereconsuevit,nostrisqueideratincognitum", + "en": "It happened that night to be full moon, which usually occasions very high tides in that ocean; and that circumstance was unknown to our men" + }, + { + "id": 6651, + "la": "Itaunotemporeetlongasnaves, [quibusCaesarexercitumtransportandumcuraverat,]quasCaesarinaridumsubduxerat,aestuscomplebat,etonerarias,quaeadancoraserantdeligatae,tempestasadflictabat,nequeullanostrisfacultasautadministrandiautauxiliandidabatur", + "en": "Thus, at the same time, the tide began to fill the ships of war which Caesar had provided to convey over his army, and which he had drawn up on the strand; and the storm began to dash the ships of burden which were riding at anchor against each other; nor was any means afforded our men of either managing them or of rendering any service" + }, + { + "id": 6652, + "la": "Compluribusnavibusfractis,reliquaecumessentfunibus,ancorisreliquisquearmamentisamissisadnaviganduminutiles,magna,idquodnecesseerataccidere,totiusexercitusperturbatiofactaest", + "en": "A great many ships having been wrecked, inasmuch as the rest, having lost their cables, anchors, and other tackling, were unfit for sailing, a great confusion, as would necessarily happen, arose throughout the army" + }, + { + "id": 6653, + "la": "Nequeenimnaveserantaliaequibusreportaripossent,etomniadeerantquaeadreficiendasnaveserantusui,et,quodomnibusconstabathiemariinGalliaoportere,frumentuminhislocisinhiememprovisumnonerat", + "en": "for there were no other ships in which they could be conveyed back, and all things which are of service in repairing vessels were wanting, and, corn for the winter had not been provided in those places, because it was understood by all that they would certainly winter in Gaul." + }, + { + "id": 6654, + "la": "Quibus rebus cognitis, principes Britanniae, qui post proelium ad Caesarem convenerant, inter se conlocuti, cum et equites et naves et frumentum Romanis deesse intellegerent et paucitatem militum ex castrorum exiguitate cognoscerent, quae hoc erant etiam angustior quod sine impedimentis Caesar legiones transportaverat", + "en": "On discovering these things the chiefs of Britain, who had come up after the battle was fought to perform those conditions which Caesar had imposed, held a conference, when they perceived that cavalry, and ships, and corn were wanting to the Romans, and discovered the small number of our soldiers from the small extent of the camp (which, too, was on this account more limited than ordinary, because Caesar had conveyed over his legions without baggage" + }, + { + "id": 6655, + "la": "optimumfactuesseduxeruntrebellionefactafrumentocommeatuquenostrosprohibereetreminhiememproducere,quodhissuperatisautredituinterclusisneminemposteabelliinferendicausainBritanniamtransiturumconfidebant", + "en": "and thought that the best plan was to renew the war, and cut off our men from corn and provisions and protract the affair till winter; because they felt confident, that, if they were vanquished or cut off from a return, no one would afterward pass over into Britain for the purpose of making war" + }, + { + "id": 6656, + "la": "Itaquerursusconiurationefactapaulatimexcastrisdiscedereetsuosclamexagrisdeducerecoeperunt", + "en": "Therefore, again entering into a conspiracy, they began to depart from the camp by degrees and secretly bring up their people from the country parts" + }, + { + "id": 6657, + "la": "AtCaesar,etsinondumeorumconsiliacognoverat,tamenetexeventunaviumsuarumetexeoquodobsidesdareintermiserantforeidquodacciditsuspicabatur", + "en": "But Caesar, although he had not as yet discovered their measures, yet, both from what had occurred to his ships, and from the circumstance that they had neglected to give the promised hostages, suspected that the thing would come to pass which really did happen" + }, + { + "id": 6658, + "la": "Itaqueadomnescasussubsidiacomparabat.Nametfrumentumexagriscotidieincastraconferebatet,quaegravissimeadflictaeerantnaves,earummateriaatqueaereadreliquasreficiendasutebaturetquaeadeasreserantusuiexcontinenticomportariiubebat", + "en": "He therefore provided remedies against all contingencies; for he daily conveyed corn from the country parts into the camp, used the timber and brass of such ships as were most seriously damaged for repairing the rest, and ordered whatever things besides were necessary for this object to be brought to him from the continent" + }, + { + "id": 6659, + "la": "Itaque,cumsummostudioamilitibusadministraretur,XIInavibusamissis,reliquisutnavigarisatiscommodeposseteffecit", + "en": "And thus, since that business was executed by the soldiers with the greatest energy, he effected that, after the loss of twelve ships, a voyage could be made well enough in the rest." + }, + { + "id": 6660, + "la": "Dumeageruntur,legioneexconsuetudineunafrumentatummissa,quaeappellabaturVII.,nequeullaadidtempusbellisuspicioneinterposita,cumparshominuminagrisremaneret,parsetiamincastraventitaret,iiquiproportiscastroruminstationeerantCaesarinuntiaveruntpulveremmaioremquamconsuetudoferretineapartevideriquaminpartemlegioiterfecisset", + "en": "While these things are being transacted, one legion had been sent to forage, according to custom, and no suspicion of war had arisen as yet, and some of the people remained in the country parts, others went backward and forward to the camp, they who were on duty at the gates of the camp reported to Caesar that a greater dust than was usual was seen in that direction in which the legion had marched" + }, + { + "id": 6661, + "la": "Caesar---idquoderat---suspicatusaliquidnoviabarbarisinitumconsilii,cohortesquaeinstationeerantsecumineampartemproficisci,exreliquisduasinstationemsuccedere,reliquasarmarietconfestimsesesubsequiiussit", + "en": "Caesar, suspecting that which was [really the case],-that some new enterprise was undertaken by the barbarians, ordered the two cohorts which were on duty, to march into that quarter with him, and two other cohorts to relieve them on duty; the rest to be armed and follow him immediately" + }, + { + "id": 6662, + "la": "Cumpaulolongiusacastrisprocessisset,suosabhostibuspremiatqueaegresustinereetconfertalegioneexomnibuspartibustelacoicianimadvertit", + "en": "When he had advanced some little way from the camp, he saw that his men were overpowered by the enemy and scarcely able to stand their ground, and that, the legion being crowded together, weapons were being cast on them from all sides" + }, + { + "id": 6663, + "la": "Namquodomniexreliquispartibusdemessofrumentoparsunaeratreliqua,suspicatihosteshucnostrosesseventurosnoctuinsilvisdelituerant;", + "en": "For as all the corn was reaped in every part with the exception of one, the enemy, suspecting that our men would repair to that, had concealed themselves in the woods during the night" + }, + { + "id": 6664, + "la": "tumdispersosdepositisarmisinmetendooccupatossubitoadortipaucisinterfectisreliquosincertisordinibusperturbaverant,simulequitatuatqueessediscircumdederant", + "en": "Then attacking them suddenly, scattered as they were, and when they had laid aside their arms, and were engaged in reaping, they killed a small number, threw the rest into confusion, and surrounded them with their cavalry and chariots" + }, + { + "id": 6665, + "la": "Genushocestexessedispugnae.Primoperomnespartesperequitantettelacoiciuntatqueipsoterroreequorumetstrepiturotarumordinesplerumqueperturbant,etcumseinterequitumturmasinsinuaverunt,exessedisdesiliuntetpedibusproeliantur", + "en": "Their mode of fighting with their chariots is this: firstly, they drive about in all directions and throw their weapons and generally break the ranks of the enemy with the very dread of their horses and the noise of their wheels; and when they have worked themselves in between the troops of horse, leap from their chariots and engage on foot" + }, + { + "id": 6666, + "la": "Aurigaeinterimpaulatimexproelioexceduntatqueitacurrusconlocantut,siilliamultitudinehostiumpremantur,expeditumadsuosreceptumhabeant", + "en": "The charioteers in the mean time withdraw some little distance from the battle, and so place themselves with the chariots that, if their masters are overpowered by the number of the enemy, they may have a ready retreat to their own troops" + }, + { + "id": 6667, + "la": "Itamobilitatemequitum,stabilitatempedituminproeliispraestant,actantumusucotidianoetexercitationeefficiuntutiindecliviacpraecipitilocoincitatosequossustinereetbrevimoderariacflectereetpertemonempercurrereetiniugoinsistereetseindeincurruscitissimerecipereconsuerint", + "en": "Thus they display in battle the speed of horse, [together with] the firmness of infantry; and by daily practice and exercise attain to such expertness that they are accustomed, even on a declining and steep place, to check their horses at full speed, and manage and turn them in an instant and run along the pole, and stand on the yoke, and thence betake themselves with the greatest celerity to their chariots again" + }, + { + "id": 6668, + "la": "Quibusrebusperturbatisnostris[novitatepugnae]temporeoportunissimoCaesarauxiliumtulit:namqueeiusadventuhostesconstiterunt,nostriseextimorereceperunt", + "en": "Under these circumstances, our men being dismayed by the novelty of this mode of battle, Caesar most seasonably brought assistance; for upon his arrival the enemy paused, and our men recovered from their fear" + }, + { + "id": 6669, + "la": "Quofacto,adlacessendumhostemetcommittendumproeliumalienumessetempusarbitratussuoselococontinuitetbrevitemporeintermissoincastralegionesreduxit", + "en": "upon which thinking the time unfavorable for provoking the enemy and coming to an action, he kept himself in his own quarter, and, a short time having intervened, drew back the legions into the camp" + }, + { + "id": 6670, + "la": "Dumhaecgeruntur,nostrisomnibusoccupatisquierantinagrisreliquidiscesserunt", + "en": "While these things are going on, and all our men engaged, the rest of the Britons, who were in the fields, departed" + }, + { + "id": 6671, + "la": "Secutaesuntcontinuoscompluresdiestempestates,quaeetnostrosincastriscontinerentethostemapugnaprohiberent", + "en": "Storms then set in for several successive days, which both confined our men to the camp and hindered the enemy from attacking us" + }, + { + "id": 6672, + "la": "Interimbarbarinuntiosinomnespartesdimiseruntpaucitatemquenostrorummilitumsuispraedicaveruntetquantapraedaefaciendaeatqueinperpetuumsuiliberandifacultasdaretur,siRomanoscastrisexpulissent,demonstraverunt.Hisrebusceleritermagnamultitudinepeditatusequitatusquecoactaadcastravenerunt", + "en": "In the mean time the barbarians dispatched messengers to all parts, and reported to their people the small number of our soldiers, and how good an opportunity was given for obtaining spoil and for liberating themselves forever, if they should only drive the Romans from their camp. Having by these means speedily got together a large force of infantry and of cavalry they came up to the camp." + }, + { + "id": 6673, + "la": "Caesar,etsiidemquodsuperioribusdiebusaccideratforevidebat,ut,siessenthostespulsi,celeritatepericulumeffugerent,tamennactusequitescirciterXXX,quosCommiusAtrebas,dequoantedictumest,secumtransportaverat,legionesinacieprocastrisconstituit", + "en": "Although Caesar anticipated that the same thing which had happened on former occasions would then occur-that, if the enemy were routed, they would escape from danger by their speed; still, having got about thirty horse, which Commius the Atrebatian, of whom mention has been made, had brought over with him [from Gaul], he drew up the legions in order of battle before the camp" + }, + { + "id": 6674, + "la": "Commissoproeliodiutiusnostrorummilitumimpetumhostesferrenonpotueruntactergaverterunt", + "en": "When the action commenced, the enemy were unable to sustain the attack of our men long, and turned their backs" + }, + { + "id": 6675, + "la": "Quostantospatiosecutiquantumcursuetviribusefficerepotuerunt,compluresexiisocciderunt,deindeomnibuslongelatequeaedificiisincensisseincastrareceperunt", + "en": "our men pursued them as far as their speed and strength permitted, and slew a great number of them; then, having destroyed and burned every thing far and wide, they retreated to their camp." + }, + { + "id": 6676, + "la": "EodemdielegatiabhostibusmissiadCaesaremdepacevenerunt", + "en": "The same day, embassadors sent by the enemy came to Caesar to negotiate a peace" + }, + { + "id": 6677, + "la": "HisCaesarnumerumobsidumquemanteimperaveratduplicaviteosqueincontinentemadduciiussit,quodpropinquadieaequinoctiiinfirmisnavibushieminavigationemsubiciendamnonexistimabat", + "en": "Caesar doubled the number of hostages which he had before demanded; and ordered that they should be brought over to the continent, because, since the time of the equinox was near, he did not consider that, with his ships out of repair, the voyage ought to be deferred till winter" + }, + { + "id": 6678, + "la": "Ipseidoneamtempestatemnactuspaulopostmediamnoctemnavessolvit,", + "en": "Having met with favorable weather, he set sail a little after midnight" + }, + { + "id": 6679, + "la": "quaeomnesincolumesadcontinentempervenerunt;sedexiisonerariaeduaeeosdemportusquosreliquaecaperenonpotueruntetpauloinfradelataesunt", + "en": "and all his fleet arrived safe at the continent, except two of the ships of burden which could not make the same port which the other ships did, and were carried a little lower down" + }, + { + "id": 6680, + "la": "QuibusexnavibuscumessentexpositimilitescirciterCCCatqueincastracontenderent,Morini,quosCaesarinBritanniamproficiscenspacatosreliquerat,spepraedaeadductiprimononitamagnosuorumnumerocircumsteteruntac,siseseinterficinollent,armaponereiusserunt", + "en": "When our soldiers, about 300 in number, had been drawn out of these two ships, and were marching to the camp, the Morini, whom Caesar, when setting forth for Britain, had left in a state of peace, excited by the hope of spoil, at first surrounded them with a small number of men, and ordered them to lay down their arms, if they did not wish to be slain" + }, + { + "id": 6681, + "la": "Cumilliorbefactosesedefenderent,celeriteradclamoremhominumcircitermiliaVIconvenerunt.Quarenuntiata,Caesaromnemexcastrisequitatumsuisauxiliomisit", + "en": "afterward however, when they, forming a circle, stood on their defense, a shout was raised and about 6000 of the enemy soon assembled; which being reported, Caesar sent all the cavalry in the camp as a relief to his men" + }, + { + "id": 6682, + "la": "InterimnostrimilitesimpetumhostiumsustinueruntatqueampliushorisIIIIfortissimepugnaveruntetpaucisvulneribusacceptiscompluresexiisocciderunt", + "en": "In the mean time our soldiers sustained the attack of the enemy, and fought most valiantly for more than four hours, and, receiving but few wounds themselves, slew several of them" + }, + { + "id": 6683, + "la": "Posteaveroquamequitatusnosterinconspectumvenit,hostesabiectisarmistergaverteruntmagnusqueeorumnumerusestoccisus", + "en": "But after our cavalry came in sight, the enemy, throwing away their arms, turned their backs, and a great number of them were killed." + }, + { + "id": 6684, + "la": "CaesarposterodieT.LabienumlegatumcumiislegionibusquasexBritanniareduxeratinMorinosquirebellionemfecerantmisit", + "en": "The day following Caesar sent Labienus, his lieutenant, with those legions which he had brought back from Britain, against the Morini, who had revolted" + }, + { + "id": 6685, + "la": "Quicumproptersiccitatespaludumquosereciperentnonhaberent,quoperfugiosuperioreannoerantusi,omnesfereinpotestatemLabienivenerunt", + "en": "who, as they had no place to which they might retreat, on account of the drying up of their marshes (which they had availed themselves of as a place of refuge the preceding year), almost all fell into the power of Labienus" + }, + { + "id": 6686, + "la": "AtQ.TituriusetL.Cottalegati,quiinMenapiorumfineslegionesduxerant,omnibuseorumagrisvastatis,frumentissuccisis,aedificiisincensis,quodMenapiiseomnesindensissimassilvasabdiderant,seadCaesaremreceperunt", + "en": "In the mean time Caesar's lieutenants, Q. Titurius and L. Cotta, who had led the legions into the territories of the Menapii, having laid waste all their lands, cut down their corn and burned their houses, returned to Caesar because the Menapii had all concealed themselves in their thickest woods" + }, + { + "id": 6687, + "la": "CaesarinBelgisomniumlegionumhibernaconstituit.EoduaeomninocivitatesexBritanniaobsidesmiserunt,reliquaeneglexerunt", + "en": "Caesar fixed the winter quarters of all the legions among the Belgae. Thither only two British states sent hostages; the rest omitted to do so" + }, + { + "id": 6688, + "la": "HisrebusgestisexlitterisCaesarisdierumXXsupplicatioasenatudecretaest", + "en": "For these successes, a thanksgiving of twenty days was decreed by the senate upon receiving Caesar's letter" + }, + { + "id": 6689, + "la": "L.DomitioAp.Claudioconsulibus,discedensabhibernisCaesarinItaliam,utquotannisfacereconsuerat,legatisimperatquoslegionibuspraefeceratutiquamplurimaspossenthiemenavesaedificandasveteresquereficiendascurarent.Earummodumformamquedemonstrat", + "en": "Lucius Domitius and Appius Claudius being consuls [54 B.C.], Caesar, when departing from his winter quarters into Italy, as he had been accustomed to do yearly, commands the lieutenants whom he appointed over the legions to take care that during the winter as many ships as possible should be built, and the old repaired. He plans the size and shape of them" + }, + { + "id": 6690, + "la": "Adceleritatemonerandisubductionesquepaulofacithumilioresquamquibusinnostromariuticonsuevimus,atqueideomagis,quodproptercrebrascommutationesaestuumminusmagnosibifluctusfiericognoverat;adonera,admultitudinemiumentorumtransportandampaulolatioresquamquibusinreliquisutimurmaribus", + "en": "For dispatch of lading, and for drawing them on shore, he makes them a little lower than those which we have been accustomed to use in our sea; and that so much the more, because he knew that, on account of the frequent changes of the tide, less swells occurred there; for the purpose of transporting burdens and a great number of horses, [he makes them] a little broader than those which we use in other seas" + }, + { + "id": 6691, + "la": "Hasomnesactuariasimperatfieri,quamadremmultumhumilitasadiuvat", + "en": "All these he orders to be constructed for lightness and expedition, to which object their lowness contributes greatly" + }, + { + "id": 6692, + "la": "EaquaesuntusuiadarmandasnavesexHispaniaapportariiubet", + "en": "He orders those things which are necessary for equipping ships to be brought thither from Spain" + }, + { + "id": 6693, + "la": "IpseconventibusGalliaeciteriorisperactisinIllyricumproficiscitur,quodaPirustisfinitimampartemprovinciaeincursionibusvastariaudiebat", + "en": "He himself, on the assizes of Hither Gaul being concluded, proceeds into Illyricum , because he heard that the part of the province nearest them was being laid waste by the incursions of the Pirustae" + }, + { + "id": 6694, + "la": "Eocumvenisset,civitatibusmilitesimperatcertumqueinlocumconvenireiubet", + "en": "When he had arrived there, he levies soldiers upon the states, and orders them to assemble at an appointed place" + }, + { + "id": 6695, + "la": "QuarenuntiataPirustaelegatosadeummittuntquidoceantnihilearumrerumpublicofactumconsilio,sesequeparatosessedemonstrantomnibusrationibusdeiniuriissatisfacere", + "en": "Which circumstance having been reported [to them], the Pirustae send embassadors to him to inform him that no part of those proceedings was done by public deliberation, and assert that they were ready to make compensation by all means for the injuries" + }, + { + "id": 6696, + "la": "AcceptaorationeeorumCaesarobsidesimperateosqueadcertamdiemadduciiubet;nisiitafecerint,sesebellocivitatempersecuturumdemonstrat", + "en": "Caesar, accepting their defense, demands hostages, and orders them to be brought to him on a specified day, and assures them that unless they did so he would visit their state with war" + }, + { + "id": 6697, + "la": "Eisaddiemadductis,utimperaverat,arbitrosintercivitatesdatquilitemaestimentpoenamqueconstituant", + "en": "These being brought to him on the day which he had ordered, he appoints arbitrators between the states, who should estimate the damages and determine the reparation" + }, + { + "id": 6698, + "la": "Hisconfectisrebusconventibusqueperactis,inciterioremGalliamrevertituratqueindeadexercitumproficiscitur", + "en": "These things being finished, and the assizes being concluded, he returns into Hither Gaul, and proceeds thence to the army" + }, + { + "id": 6699, + "la": "Eocumvenisset,circumitisomnibushibernis,singularimilitumstudioinsummaomniumreruminopiacircitersescentaseiusgeneriscuiussuprademonstravimusnavesetlongasXXVIIIinvenitinstructasnequemultumabesseabeoquinpaucisdiebusdeducipossint", + "en": "When he had arrived there, having made a survey of the winter quarter, he finds that, by the extraordinary ardor of the soldiers, amid the utmost scarcity of all materials, about six hundred ships of that kind which we have described above and twenty-eight ships of war, had been built, and were not far from that state, that they might be launched in a few days" + }, + { + "id": 6700, + "la": "Collaudatismilitibusatqueeisquinegotiopraefuerant,quidfierivelitostenditatqueomnesadportumItiumconvenireiubet,quoexportucommodissimuminBritanniamtraiectumessecognoverat,circitermiliumpassuumXXXtransmissumacontinenti:huicreiquodsatisessevisumestmilitumreliquit;", + "en": "Having commended the soldiers and those who had presided over the work, he informs them what he wishes to be done, and orders all the ships to assemble at port Itius, from which port he had learned that the passage into Britain was shortest, [being only] about thirty miles from the continent. He left what seemed a sufficient number of soldiers for that design" + }, + { + "id": 6701, + "la": "ipsecumlegionibusexpeditisIIIIetequitibusDCCCinfinesTreverorumproficiscitur,quodhinequeadconciliaveniebantnequeimperioparebantGermanosqueTransrhenanossollicitaredicebantur", + "en": "he himself proceeds into the territories of the Treviri with four legions without baggage, and 800 horse, because they neither came to the general diets [of Gaul], nor obeyed his commands, and were moreover, said to be tampering with the Germans beyond the Rhine" + }, + { + "id": 6702, + "la": "HaeccivitaslongeplurimumtotiusGalliaeequitatuvaletmagnasquehabetcopiaspeditumRhenumque,utsuprademonstravimus,tangit", + "en": "This state is by far the most powerful of all Gaul in cavalry, and has great forces of infantry, and as we have remarked above, borders on the Rhine" + }, + { + "id": 6703, + "la": "Ineacivitateduodeprincipatuintersecontendebant,IndutiomarusetCingetorix;", + "en": "In that state, two persons, Indutiomarus and Cingetorix, were then contending with each other for the supreme power" + }, + { + "id": 6704, + "la": "equibusalter,simulatquedeCaesarislegionumqueadventucognitumest,adeumvenit,sesuosqueomnesinofficiofuturosnequeabamicitiapopuliRomanidefecturosconfirmavitquaequeinTreverisgererenturostendit", + "en": "one of whom, as soon as the arrival of Caesar and his legions was known, came to him; assures him that he and all his party would continue in their allegiance, and not revolt from the alliance of the Roman people, and informs him of the things which were going on among the Treviri" + }, + { + "id": 6705, + "la": "AtIndutiomarusequitatumpeditatumquecogere,eisquequiperaetateminarmisessenonpoterantinsilvamArduennamabditis,quaeingentimagnitudinepermediosfinesTreverorumaflumineRhenoadinitiumRemorumpertinet,bellumparareinstituit", + "en": "But Indutiomarus began to collect cavalry and infantry, and make preparations for war, having concealed those who by reason of their age could not be under arms, in the forest Arduenna, which is of immense size, [and] extends from the Rhine across the country of the Treviri to the frontiers of the Remi" + }, + { + "id": 6706, + "la": "SedposteaquamnonnulliprincipesexeacivitateetfamiliaritateCingetorigisadductietadventunostriexercitusperterritiadCaesaremveneruntetdesuisprivatimrebusabeopeterecoeperunt,quoniamcivitaticonsulerenonpossent,veritusneabomnibusdeserereturIndutiomaruslegatosadCaesaremmittit:", + "en": "ut after that, some of the chief persons of the state, both influenced by their friendship for Cingetorix, and alarmed at the arrival of our army, came to Caesar and began to solicit him privately about their own interests, since they could not provide for the safety of the state; Indutiomarus, dreading lest he should be abandoned by all, sends embassadors to Caesar" + }, + { + "id": 6707, + "la": "seseidcircoabsuisdiscedereatqueadeumvenirenoluisse,quofaciliuscivitateminofficiocontineret,neomnisnobilitatisdiscessuplebspropterimprudentiamlaberetur:", + "en": "to declare that he absented himself from his countrymen, and refrained from coming to him on this account, that he might the more easily keep the state in its allegiance, lest on the departure of all the nobility the commonalty should, in their indiscretion, revolt" + }, + { + "id": 6708, + "la": "itaqueessecivitateminsuapotestate,seseque,siCaesarpermitteret,adeumincastraventurum,suascivitatisquefortunaseiusfideipermissurum", + "en": "And thus the whole state was at his control; and that he, if Caesar would permit, would come to the camp to him, and would commit his own fortunes and those of the state to his good faith." + }, + { + "id": 6709, + "la": "Caesar,etsiintellegebatquadecausaeadicerenturquaequeeumresabinstitutoconsiliodeterreret,tamen,neaestateminTreverisconsumerecogereturomnibusadBritannicumbellumrebuscomparatis,IndutiomarumadsecumCCobsidibusvenireiussit", + "en": "Caesar, though he discerned from what motive these things were said, and what circumstances deterred him from his meditated plan, still, in order that he might not be compelled to waste the summer among the Treviri , while all things were prepared for the war with Britain, ordered Indutiomarus to come to him with 200 hostages" + }, + { + "id": 6710, + "la": "Hisadductis,ineisfiliopropinquisqueeiusomnibus,quosnominatimevocaverat,consolatusIndutiomarumhortatusqueestutiinofficiomaneret;", + "en": "When they were brought, [and] among them his son and near relations, whom he had demanded by name, he consoled Indutiomarus, and enjoined him to continue in his allegiance" + }, + { + "id": 6711, + "la": "nihilotamensetiusprincipibusTreverorumadseconvocatishossingillatimCingetorigiconciliavit,quodcummeritoeiusasefieriintellegebat,tummagniinteressearbitrabatureiusauctoritatemintersuosquamplurimumvalere,cuiustamegregiaminsevoluntatemperspexisset", + "en": "yet, nevertheless, summoning to him the chief men of the Treviri , he reconciled them individually to Cingetorix: this he both thought should be done by him in justice to the merits of the latter, and also judged that it was of great importance that the influence of one whose singular attachment toward him he had fully seen, should prevail as much as possible among his people" + }, + { + "id": 6712, + "la": "IdtulitfactumgraviterIndutiomarus,suamgratiamintersuosminui,et,quiiamanteinimicoinnosanimofuisset,multograviushocdoloreexarsit", + "en": "Indutiomarus was very much offended at this act, [seeing that] his influence was diminished among his countrymen; and he, who already before had borne a hostile mind toward us, was much more violently inflamed against us through resentment at this." + }, + { + "id": 6713, + "la": "HisrebusconstitutisCaesaradportumItiumcumlegionibuspervenit", + "en": "These matters being settled, Caesar went to port Itius with the legions." + }, + { + "id": 6714, + "la": "IbicognoscitLXnaves,quaeinMeldisfactaeerant,tempestatereiectascursumtenerenonpotuisseatqueeodemundeerantprofectaerevertisse;reliquasparatasadnavigandumatqueomnibusrebusinstructasinvenit", + "en": "There he discovers that forty ships, which had been built in the country of the Meldi , having been driven back by a storm, had been unable to maintain their course, and had returned to the same port from which they had set out; he finds the rest ready for sailing, and furnished with every thing." + }, + { + "id": 6715, + "la": "EodemequitatustotiusGalliaeconvenit,numeromiliumquattuor,principesqueexomnibuscivitatibus", + "en": "In the same place, the cavalry of the whole of Gaul, in number 4,000, assembles, and [also] the chief persons of all the states" + }, + { + "id": 6716, + "la": "Exquibusperpaucos,quoruminsefidemperspexerat,relinquereinGallia,reliquosobsidumlocosecumduceredecreverat,quod,cumipseabesset,motumGalliaeverebatur", + "en": "e had determined to leave in Gaul a very few of them, whose fidelity toward him he had clearly discerned, and take the rest with him as hostages; because he feared a commotion in Gaul when he should be absent" + }, + { + "id": 6717, + "la": "EratunacumceterisDumnorixAeduus,dequoanteabnobisdictumest.Huncsecumhabereinprimisconstituerat,quodeumcupidumrerumnovarum,cupidumimperi,magrianimi,magnaeinterGallosauctoritatiscognoverat", + "en": "There was together with the others, Dumnorix, the Aeduan, of whom we have made previous mention. Him, in particular, he had resolved to have with him, because he had discovered him to be fond of change, fond of power, possessing great resolution, and great influence among the Gauls" + }, + { + "id": 6718, + "la": "AccedebathucquodinconcilioAeduorumDumnorixdixeratsibiaCaesareregnumcivitatisdeferri;quoddictumAeduigraviterferebant,nequerecusandiautdeprecandicausalegatosadCaesaremmittereaudebant", + "en": "To this was added, that Dumnorix had before said in an assembly of Aeduans, that the sovereignty of the state had been made over to him by Caesar; which speech the Aedui bore with impatience and yet dared not send embassadors to Caesar for the purpose of either rejecting or deprecating" + }, + { + "id": 6719, + "la": "IdfactumexsuishospitibusCaesarcognoverat.IlleomnibusprimoprecibuspeterecontenditutinGalliarelinqueretur,partimquodinsuetusnavigandimaretimeret,partimquodreligionibusimpedirisesediceret", + "en": "That fact Caesar had learned from his own personal friends. He at first strove to obtain by every entreaty that he should be left in Gaul; partly, because, being unaccustomed to sailing, he feared the sea; partly because he said he was prevented by divine admonitions" + }, + { + "id": 6720, + "la": "Posteaquamidobstinatesibinegarividit,omnispeimpetrandiademptaprincipesGalliaesollicitare,sevocaresinguloshortariquecoepitutiincontinentiremanerent;", + "en": "After he saw that this request was firmly refused him, all hope of success being lost, he began to tamper with the chief persons of the Gauls, to call them apart singly and exhort them to remain on the continent" + }, + { + "id": 6721, + "la": "metuterritare:nonsinecausafieri,utGalliaomninobilitatespoliaretur;idesseconsiliumCaesaris,utquosinconspectuGalliaeinterficerevereretur,hosomnesinBritanniamtraductosnecaret;", + "en": "to agitate them with the fear that it was not without reason that Gaul should be stripped of all her nobility; that it was Caesar's design, to bring over to Britain and put to death all those whom he feared to slay in the sight of Gaul" + }, + { + "id": 6722, + "la": "fidemreliquisinterponere,iusiurandumposcere,utquodesseexusuGalliaeintellexissentcommuniconsilioadministrarent.HaecacompluribusadCaesaremdeferebantur", + "en": "to pledge his honor to the rest, to ask for their oath that they would by common deliberation execute what they should perceive to be necessary for Gaul. These things were reported to Caesar by several persons" + }, + { + "id": 6723, + "la": "QuarecognitaCaesar,quodtantumcivitatiAeduaedignitatistribuebat,coercendumatquedeterrendumquibuscumquerebuspossetDumnorigemstatuebat;", + "en": "Having learned this fact, Caesar, because he had conferred so much honor upon the Aeduan state, determined that Dumnorix should be restrained and deterred by whatever means he could" + }, + { + "id": 6724, + "la": "quodlongiuseiusamentiamprogredividebat,prospiciendum,nequidsibiacreipublicaenocereposset.ItaquediescirciterXXVineolococommoratus,", + "en": "and that, because he perceived his insane designs to be proceeding further and further, care should be taken lest he might be able to injure him and the commonwealth. Therefore, having stayed about twenty-five days in that place" + }, + { + "id": 6725, + "la": "quodCarusventusnavigationemimpediebat,quimagnampartemomnistemporisinhislocisflareconsuevit,dabatoperamutinofficioDumnorigemcontineret,nihilotamensetiusomniaeiusconsiliacognosceret", + "en": "because the north wind, which usually blows a great part of every season, prevented the voyage, he exerted himself to keep Dumnorix in his allegiance [and] nevertheless learn all his measures" + }, + { + "id": 6726, + "la": "Tandemidoneamnactustempestatemmilitesequitesqueconscendereinnavesiubet", + "en": "having at length met with favorable weather, he orders the foot soldiers and the horse to embark in the ships" + }, + { + "id": 6727, + "la": "AtomniumimpeditisanimisDumnorixcumequitibusAeduorumacastrisinscienteCaesaredomumdiscederecoepit", + "en": "But, while the minds of all were occupied, Dumnorix began to take his departure from the camp homeward with the cavalry of the Aedui, Caesar being ignorant of it" + }, + { + "id": 6728, + "la": "QuarenuntiataCaesarintermissaprofectioneatqueomnibusrebuspostpositismagnampartemequitatusadeuminsequendummittitretrahiqueimperat;", + "en": "Caesar, on this matter being reported to him, ceasing from his expedition and deferring all other affairs, sends a great part of the cavalry to pursue him, and commands that he be brought back" + }, + { + "id": 6729, + "la": "sivimfaciatnequepareat,interficiiubet,nihilhuncseabsenteprosanofacturumarbitratus,quipraesentisimperiumneglexisset", + "en": "he orders that if he use violence and do not submit, that he be slain; considering that Dumnorix would do nothing as a rational man while he himself was absent, since he had disregarded his command even when present" + }, + { + "id": 6730, + "la": "Illeenimrevocatusresistereacsemanudefenderesuorumquefidemimplorarecoepit,saepeclamitansliberumseliberaequeessecivitatis", + "en": "He, however, when recalled, began to resist and defend himself with his hand, and implore the support of his people, often exclaiming that \"he was free and the subject of a free state" + }, + { + "id": 6731, + "la": "Illi,uteratimperatum,circumsistunthominematqueinterficiunt:atequitesAeduiadCaesaremomnesrevertuntur", + "en": "They surround and kill the man as they had been commanded; but the Aeduan horsemen all return to Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 6732, + "la": "Hisrebusgestis,LabienoincontinentecumtribuslegionibusetequitummilibusduobusrelictoutportustuereturetremfrumentariamprovideretquaequeinGalliagererenturcognosceretconsiliumqueprotemporeetprorecaperet,", + "en": "When these things were done [and] Labienus, left on the continent with three legions and 2,000 horse, to defend the harbors and provide corn, and discover what was going on in Gaul, and take measures according to the occasion and according to the circumstance" + }, + { + "id": 6733, + "la": "ipsecumquinquelegionibusetparinumeroequitum,quemincontinentireliquerat,adsolisoccasumnavessolvitetleniAfricoprovectusmediacirciternocteventointermissocursumnontenuit,etlongiusdelatusaestuortalucesubsinistraBritanniamrelictamconspexit", + "en": "he himself, with five legions and a number of horse, equal to that which he was leaving on the continent, set sail at sun-set, and [though for a time] borne forward by a gentle south-west wind, he did not maintain his course, in consequence of the wind dying away about midnight, and being carried on too far by the tide, when the sun rose, espied Britain passed on his left" + }, + { + "id": 6734, + "la": "Tumrursusaestuscommutationemsecutusremiscontendituteamparteminsulaecaperet,quaoptimumesseegressumsuperioreaestatecognoverat", + "en": "Then, again, following the change of tide, he urged on with the oars that he might make that part of the island in which he had discovered the preceding summer, that there was the best landing-place" + }, + { + "id": 6735, + "la": "Quainreadmodumfuitmilitumvirtuslaudanda,quivectoriisgravibusquenavigiisnonintermissoremigandilaborelongarumnaviumcursumadaequarunt", + "en": "and in this affair the spirit of our soldiers was very much to be extolled; for they with the transports and heavy ships, the labor of rowing not being [for a moment] discontinued, equaled the speed of the ships of war" + }, + { + "id": 6736, + "la": "AccessumestadBritanniamomnibusnavibusmeridianoferetempore,nequeineolocohostisestvisus;", + "en": "All the ships reached Britain nearly at mid-day; nor was there seen a [single] enemy in that place" + }, + { + "id": 6737, + "la": "sed,utposteaCaesarexcaptiviscognovit,cummagnaemanuseoconvenissent,multitudinenaviumperterritae,quaecumannotinisprivatisquequassuiquisquecommodifeceratampliusoctingentaeunoerantvisaetempore,alitorediscesserantacseinsuperioralocaabdiderant", + "en": "but, as Caesar afterward found from some prisoners, though large bodies of troops had assembled there, yet being alarmed by the great number of our ships, more than eight hundred of which, including the ships of the preceding year, and those private vessels which each had built for his own convenience, had appeared at one time, they had quitted the coast and concealed themselves among the higher points." + }, + { + "id": 6738, + "la": "Caesarexpositoexercituetlococastrisidoneocapto,ubiexcaptiviscognovitquoinlocohostiumcopiaeconsedissent,cohortibusdecemadmarerelictisetequitibustrecentis,quipraesidionavibusessent,detertiavigiliaadhostescontendit,eominusveritusnavibus,quodinlitoremolliatqueapertodeligatasadancoramrelinquebat,", + "en": "Caesar, having disembarked his army and chosen a convenient place for the camp, when he discovered from the prisoners in what part the forces of the enemy had lodged themselves, having left ten cohorts and 300 horse at the sea, to be a guard to the ships, hastens to the enemy, at the third watch, fearing the less for the ships, for this reason because he was leaving them fastened at anchor upon an even and open shore" + }, + { + "id": 6739, + "la": "etpraesidionavibusQ.Atriumpraefecit.IpsenoctuprogressusmiliapassuumcirciterXIIhostiumcopiasconspicatusest", + "en": "and he placed Q. Atrius over the guard of the ships. He himself, having advanced by night about twelve miles, espied the forces of the enemy" + }, + { + "id": 6740, + "la": "Illiequitatuatqueessedisadflumenprogressiexlocosuperiorenostrosprohibereetproeliumcommitterecoeperunt", + "en": "They, advancing to the river with their cavalry and chariots from the higher ground, began to annoy our men and give battle" + }, + { + "id": 6741, + "la": "Repulsiabequitatuseinsilvasabdiderunt,locumnactiegregieetnaturaetoperemunitum,quemdomesticibelli,utvidebantur,causaiamantepraeparaverant;", + "en": "Being repulsed by our cavalry, they concealed themselves in woods, as they had secured a place admirably fortified by nature and by art, which, as it seemed, they had before prepared on account of a civil war" + }, + { + "id": 6742, + "la": "namcrebrisarboribussuccisisomnesintroituserantpraeclusi", + "en": "or all entrances to it were shut up by a great number of felled trees." + }, + { + "id": 6743, + "la": "Ipsiexsilvisraripropugnabantnostrosqueintramunitionesingrediprohibebant", + "en": "They themselves rushed out of the woods to fight here and there, and prevented our men from entering their fortifications" + }, + { + "id": 6744, + "la": "Atmiliteslegionisseptimae,testudinefactaetaggereadmunitionesadiecto,locumceperunteosqueexsilvisexpuleruntpaucisvulneribusacceptis", + "en": "But the soldiers of the seventh legion, having formed a testudo and thrown up a rampart against the fortification, took the place and drove them out of the woods, receiving only a few wounds" + }, + { + "id": 6745, + "la": "SedeosfugienteslongiusCaesarprosequivetuit,etquodlocinaturamignorabat,etquodmagnapartedieiconsumptamunitionicastrorumtempusrelinquivolebat", + "en": "But Caesar forbade his men to pursue them in their flight any great distance; both because he was ignorant of the nature of the ground, and because, as a great part of the day was spent, he wished time to be left for the fortification of the camp." + }, + { + "id": 6746, + "la": "Postridieeiusdieimanetripertitomilitesequitesqueinexpeditionemmisit,uteosquifugerantpersequerentur", + "en": "The next day, early in the morning, he sent both foot-soldiers and horse in three divisions on an expedition to pursue those who had fled." + }, + { + "id": 6747, + "la": "Hisaliquantumitinerisprogressis,cumiamextremiessentinprospectu,equitesaQuintoAtrioadCaesaremvenerunt,quinuntiarentsuperiorenoctemaximacoortatempestatepropeomnesnavesadflictasatqueinlitoreeiectasesse,quodnequeancoraefunesquesubsisterent,nequenautaegubernatoresquevimtempestatispatipossent;", + "en": "These having advanced a little way, when already the rear [of the enemy] was in sight, some horse came to Caesar from Quintus Atrius, to report that the preceding night, a very great storm having arisen, almost all the ships were dashed to pieces and cast upon the shore, because neither the anchors and cables could resist, nor could the sailors and pilots sustain the violence of the storm" + }, + { + "id": 6748, + "la": "itaqueexeoconcursunaviummagnumesseincommodumacceptum", + "en": "and thus great damage was received by that collision of the ships" + }, + { + "id": 6749, + "la": "HisrebuscognitisCaesarlegionesequitatumquerevocariatqueinitinereresistereiubet,ipseadnavesrevertitur;", + "en": "These things being known [to him], Caesar orders the legions and cavalry to be recalled and to cease from their march; he himself returns to the ships" + }, + { + "id": 6750, + "la": "eademferequaeexnuntiislitterisquecognoveratcoramperspicit,sicutamissiscirciterXLnavibusreliquaetamenreficipossemagnonegotioviderentur", + "en": "he sees clearly before him almost the same things which he had heard of from the messengers and by letter, so that, about forty ships being lost, the remainder seemed capable of being repaired with much labor" + }, + { + "id": 6751, + "la": "Itaqueexlegionibusfabrosdeligitetexcontinentialiosarcessiiubet;", + "en": "Therefore he selects workmen from the legions, and orders others to be sent for from the continent" + }, + { + "id": 6752, + "la": "Labienoscribit,utquamplurimasposseteislegionibus,quaesuntapudeum,navesinstituat", + "en": "he writes to Labienus to build as many ships as he could with those legions which were with him" + }, + { + "id": 6753, + "la": "Ipse,etsireseratmultaeoperaeaclaboris,tamencommodissimumessestatuitomnesnavessubducietcumcastrisunamunitioneconiungi", + "en": "He himself, though the matter was one of great difficulty and labor, yet thought it to be most expedient for all the ships to be brought up on shore and joined with the camp by one fortification" + }, + { + "id": 6754, + "la": "InhisrebuscirciterdiesXconsumitnenocturnisquidemtemporibusadlaboremmilitumintermissis", + "en": "In these matters he employed about ten days, the labor of the soldiers being unremitting even during the hours of night" + }, + { + "id": 6755, + "la": "Subductisnavibuscastrisqueegregiemunitiseasdemcopias,quasante,praesidionavibusreliquit:ipseeodemunderedieratproficiscitur", + "en": "The ships having been brought up on shore and the camp strongly fortified, he left the same forces as he did before as a guard for the ships; he sets out in person for the same place that he had returned from." + }, + { + "id": 6756, + "la": "Eocumvenisset,maioresiamundiqueineumlocumcopiaeBritannorumconvenerantsummaimperibelliqueadministrandicommuniconsiliopermissaCassivellauno,cuiusfinesamaritimiscivitatibusflumendividit,quodappellaturTamesis,amaricircitermiliapassuumLXXX", + "en": "When he had come thither, greater forces of the Britons had already assembled at that place, the chief command and management of the war having been intrusted to Cassivellaunus, whose territories a river, which is called the Thames, separates, from the maritime states at about eighty miles from the sea." + }, + { + "id": 6757, + "la": "Huicsuperioretemporecumreliquiscivitatibuscontinentiabellaintercesserant;sednostroadventupermotiBritannihunctotibelloimperioquepraefeceraut", + "en": "At an earlier period perpetual wars had taken place between him and the other states; but, greatly alarmed by our arrival, the Britons had placed him over the whole war and the conduct of it." + }, + { + "id": 6758, + "la": "Britanniaeparsinteriorabeisincoliturquosnatosininsulaipsimemoriaproditumdicunt,", + "en": "The interior portion of Britain is inhabited by those of whom they say that it is handed down by tradition that they were born in the island itself" + }, + { + "id": 6759, + "la": "maritimaparsabeis,quipraedaeacbelliinferendicausaexBelgiotransierunt(quiomnesfereeisnominibuscivitatumappellantur,quibusortiexcivitatibuseopervenerunt)etbelloillatoibipermanseruntatqueagroscolerecoeperunt", + "en": "the maritime portion by those who had passed over from the country of the Belgae for the purpose of plunder and making war; almost all of whom are called by the names of those states from which being sprung they went thither, and having waged war, continued there and began to cultivate the lands" + }, + { + "id": 6760, + "la": "HominumestinfinitamultitudocreberrimaqueaedificiafereGallicisconsimilia,pecorummagnusnumerus", + "en": "The number of the people is countless, and their buildings exceedingly numerous, for the most part very like those of the Gauls: the number of cattle is great" + }, + { + "id": 6761, + "la": "Utunturautaereautnummoaureoauttaleisferreisadcertumpondusexaminatispronummo", + "en": "They use either brass or iron rings, determined at a certain weight, as their money" + }, + { + "id": 6762, + "la": "Nascituribiplumbumalbuminmediterraneisregionibus,inmaritimisferrum,sedeiusexiguaestcopia;aereutunturimportato.MateriacuiusquegenerisutinGalliaest,praeterfagumatqueabietem", + "en": "Tin is produced in the midland regions; in the maritime, iron; but the quantity of it is small: they employ brass, which is imported. There, as in Gaul, is timber of every description, except beech and fir" + }, + { + "id": 6763, + "la": "Leporemetgallinametanseremgustarefasnonputant;haectamenaluntanimivoluptatisquecausa.LocasunttemperatioraquaminGallia,remissioribusfrigoribus", + "en": "They do not regard it lawful to eat the hare, and the cock, and the goose; they, however, breed them for amusement and pleasure. The climate is more temperate than in Gaul, the colds being less severe." + }, + { + "id": 6764, + "la": "Insulanaturatriquetra,cuiusunumlatusestcontraGalliam.Huiuslaterisalterangulus,quiestadCantium,quofereomnesexGallianavesappelluntur,adorientemsolem,inferioradmeridiemspectat.Hocpertinetcircitermilapassuumquingenta", + "en": "The island is triangular in its form, and one of its sides is opposite to Gaul. One angle of this side, which is in Kent , whither almost all ships from Gaul are directed, [looks] to the east; the lower looks to the south. This side extends about 500 miles." + }, + { + "id": 6765, + "la": "AlterumvergitadHispaniamatqueoccidentemsolem;quaexparteestHibernia,dimidiominor,utaestimatur,quamBritannia,sedparispatiotransmissusatqueexGalliaestinBritanniam", + "en": "Another side lies toward Spain and the west, on which part is Ireland , less, as is reckoned, than Britain, by one half: but the passage [from it] into Britain is of equal distance with that from Gaul" + }, + { + "id": 6766, + "la": "Inhocmediocursuestinsula,quaeappellaturMona:complurespraetereaminoressubiectaeinsulaeexistimantur,dequibusinsulisnonnulliscripseruntdiescontinuostrigintasubbrumaessenoctem", + "en": "In the middle of this voyage, is an island, which is called Mona: many smaller islands besides are supposed to lie [there], of which islands some have written that at the time of the winter solstice it is night there for thirty consecutive days" + }, + { + "id": 6767, + "la": "Nosnihildeeopercontationibusreperiebamus,nisicertisexaquamensurisbrevioresessequamincontinentinoctesvidebamus", + "en": "We, in our inquiries about that matter, ascertained nothing, except that, by accurate measurements with water, we perceived the nights to be shorter there than on the continent" + }, + { + "id": 6768, + "la": "Huiusestlongitudolateris,utfertillorumopinio,septingentorummilium", + "en": "The length of this side, as their account states, is 700 miles" + }, + { + "id": 6769, + "la": "Tertiumestcontraseptentriones;cuipartinullaestobiectaterra,sedeiusanguluslaterismaximeadGermaniamspectat.Hocmiliapassuumoctingentainlongitudinemesseexistimatur", + "en": "The third side is toward the north, to which portion of the island no land is opposite; but an angle of that side looks principally toward Germany . This side is considered to be 800 miles in length." + }, + { + "id": 6770, + "la": "Itaomnisinsulaestincircuituviciescentummiliumpassuum", + "en": "Thus the whole island is [about] 2,000 miles in circumference." + }, + { + "id": 6771, + "la": "ExhisomnibuslongesunthumanissimiquiCantiumincolunt,quaeregioestmaritimaomnis,nequemultumaGallicadifferuntconsuetudine", + "en": "The most civilized of all these nations are they who inhabit Kent , which is entirely a maritime district, nor do they differ much from the Gallic customs" + }, + { + "id": 6772, + "la": "Interiorespleriquefrumentanonserunt,sedlacteetcarnevivuntpellibusquesuntvestiti.OmnesveroseBritannivitroinficiunt,quodcaeruleumefficitcolorem,atquehochorridioressuntinpugnaaspectu;", + "en": "Most of the inland inhabitants do not sow corn, but live on milk and flesh, and are clad with skins. All the Britains, indeed, dye themselves with wood, which occasions a bluish color, and thereby have a more terrible appearance in fight" + }, + { + "id": 6773, + "la": "capilloquesuntpromissoatqueomnipartecorporisrasapraetercaputetlabrumsuperius", + "en": "They wear their hair long, and have every part of their body shaved except their head and upper lip" + }, + { + "id": 6774, + "la": "Uxoreshabentdeniduodeniqueintersecommunesetmaximefratrescumfratribusparentesquecumliberis;sedquisuntexhisnati,eorumhabenturliberi,quoprimumvirgoquaequedeductaest", + "en": "Ten and even twelve have wives common to them, and particularly brothers among brothers, and parents among their children; but if there be any issue by these wives, they are reputed to be the children of those by whom respectively each was first espoused when a virgin" + }, + { + "id": 6775, + "la": "Equiteshostiumessedariiqueacriterproeliocumequitatunostroinitinereconflixerunt,tamenutnostriomnibuspartibussuperioresfuerintatqueeosinsilvascollesquecompulerint", + "en": "The horse and charioteers of the enemy contended vigorously in a skirmish with our cavalry on the march; yet so that our men were conquerors in all parts, and drove them to their woods and hills" + }, + { + "id": 6776, + "la": "Sedcompluribusinterfectiscupidiusinsecutinonnullosexsuisamiserunt", + "en": "but, having slain a great many, they pursued too eagerly, and lost some of their men" + }, + { + "id": 6777, + "la": "Atilliintermissospatioimprudentibusnostrisatqueoccupatisinmunitionecastrorumsubitoseexstationeprocastriscollocati,", + "en": "But the enemy, after some time had elapsed, when our men were off their guard, and occupied in the fortification of the camp, rushed out of the woods, and making an attack upon those who were placed on duty before the camp, fought in a determined manner" + }, + { + "id": 6778, + "la": "acriterpugnaverunt,duabusquemississubsidiocohortibusaCaesareatqueeisprimislegionumduarum,cumhaeperexiguointermissolocispatiointerseconstitissent,novogenerepugnaeperterritisnostrispermediosaudacissimeperruperuntsequeindeincolumesreceperunt", + "en": "and two cohorts being sent by Caesar to their relief, and these severally the first of two legions, when these had taken up their position at a very small distance from each other, as our men were disconcerted by the unusual mode of battle, the enemy broke through the middle of them most courageously, and retreated thence in safety" + }, + { + "id": 6779, + "la": "EodieQuintusLaberiusDurus,tribunusmilitum,interficitur.Illipluribussubmissiscohortibusrepelluntur", + "en": "That day, Q. Laberius Durus, a tribune of the soldiers, was slain. The enemy, since more cohorts were sent against them, were repulsed." + }, + { + "id": 6780, + "la": "Totohocingenerepugnae,cumsuboculisomniumacprocastrisdimicaretur,intellectumestnostrosproptergravitatemarmorum,quodnequeinsequicedentespossentnequeabsignisdiscedereauderent,minusaptosesseadhuiusgenerishostem,", + "en": "In the whole of this method of fighting since the engagement took place under the eyes of all and before the camp, it was perceived that our men, on account of the weight of their arms, inasmuch as they could neither pursue [the enemy when] retreating, nor dare quit their standards, were little suited to this kind of enemy" + }, + { + "id": 6781, + "la": "equitesautemmagnocumpericuloproeliodimicare,proptereaquodillietiamconsultoplerumquecederentet,cumpaulumablegionibusnostrosremovissent,exessedisdesilirentetpedibusdispariproeliocontenderent", + "en": "that the horse also fought with great danger, because they [the Britons] generally retreated even designedly, and, when they had drawn off our men a short distance from the legions, leaped from their chariots and fought on foot in unequal [and to them advantageous] battle" + }, + { + "id": 6782, + "la": "Equestrisautemproeliratioetcedentibusetinsequentibusparatqueidempericuluminferebat", + "en": "But the system of cavalry engagement is wont to produce equal danger, and indeed the same, both to those who retreat and to those who pursue" + }, + { + "id": 6783, + "la": "Accedebathucutnumquamconfertisedrarimagnisqueintervallisproeliarenturstationesquedispositashaberent,atquealiosaliideincepsexciperent,integriqueetrecentesdefetigatissuccederent", + "en": "To this was added, that they never fought in close order, but in small parties and at great distances, and had detachments placed [in different parts], and then the one relieved the other, and the vigorous and fresh succeeded the wearied." + }, + { + "id": 6784, + "la": "Posterodieproculacastrishostesincollibusconstiteruntrariqueseostendereetleniusquampridienostrosequitesproeliolacesserecoeperunt", + "en": "The following day the enemy halted on the hills, a distance from our camp, and presented themselves in small parties, and began to challenge our horse to battle with less spirit than the day before" + }, + { + "id": 6785, + "la": "Sedmeridie,cumCaesarpabulandicausatreslegionesatqueomnemequitatumcumGaioTreboniolegatomisisset,repenteexomnibuspartibusadpabulatoresadvolaverunt,sicutiabsignislegionibusquenonabsisterent", + "en": "But at noon, when Caesar had sent three legions, and all the cavalry, with C. Trebonius, the lieutenant, for the purpose of foraging, they flew upon the foragers suddenly from all quarters, so that they did not keep off [even] from the standards and the legions" + }, + { + "id": 6786, + "la": "Nostriacriterineosimpetufactoreppuleruntnequefinemsequendifecerunt,quoadsubsidioconfisiequites,cumpostselegionesviderent,", + "en": "Our men making an attack on them vigorously, repulsed them; nor did they cease to pursue them until the horse, relying on relief, as they saw the legions behind them" + }, + { + "id": 6787, + "la": "praecipiteshostesegeruntmagnoqueeorumnumerointerfectonequesuicolligendinequeconsistendiautexessedisdesiliendifacultatemdederunt", + "en": "rove the enemy precipitately before them, and slaying a great number of them, did not give them the opportunity either of rallying, or halting, or leaping from their chariots" + }, + { + "id": 6788, + "la": "Ex hac fuga protinus, quae undique convenerant, auxilia discesserunt, neque post id tempus umquam summis nobiscum copiis hostes contenderunt", + "en": "Immediately after this retreat, the auxiliaries who had assembled from all sides, departed; nor after that time did the enemy ever engage with us in very large numbers" + }, + { + "id": 6789, + "la": "CaesarcognitoconsilioeorumadflumenTamesiminfinesCassivellauniexercitumduxit;quodflumenunoomninolocopedibus,atquehocaegre,transiripotest", + "en": "Caesar, discovering their design, leads his army into the territories of Cassivellaunus to the river Thames; which river can be forded in one place only and that with difficulty" + }, + { + "id": 6790, + "la": "Eocumvenisset,animumadvertitadalteramfluminisripammagnasessecopiashostiuminstructas;", + "en": "When he had arrived there, he perceives that numerous forces of the enemy were marshaled on the other bank of the river" + }, + { + "id": 6791, + "la": "ripaautemeratacutissudibuspraefixismunita,eiusdemquegenerissubaquadefixaesudesfluminetegebantur", + "en": "he bank also was defended by sharp stakes fixed in front, and stakes of the same kind fixed under the water were covered by the river" + }, + { + "id": 6792, + "la": "HisrebuscognitisacaptivisperfugisqueCaesarpraemissoequitatuconfestimlegionessubsequiiussit", + "en": "These things being discovered from [some] prisoners and deserters, Caesar, sending forward the cavalry, ordered the legions to follow them immediately" + }, + { + "id": 6793, + "la": "Sedeaceleritateatqueeoimpetumilitesierunt,cumcapitesoloexaquaexstarent,uthostesimpetumlegionumatqueequitumsustinerenonpossentripasquedimitterentacsefugaemandarent", + "en": "But the soldiers advanced with such speed and such ardor, though they stood above the water by their heads only, that the enemy could not sustain the attack of the legions and of the horse, and quitted the banks, and committed themselves to flight." + }, + { + "id": 6794, + "la": "Cassivellaunus,utsuprademonstravimus,omnidepositaspecontentionisdimissisamplioribuscopiismilibuscirciterquattuoressedariorumrelictisitineranostraservabatpaulumqueexviaexcedebatlocisqueimpeditisacsilvestribusseseoccultabat,atqueeisregionibusquibusnositerfacturoscognoveratpecoraatquehominesexagrisinsilvascompellebatet,", + "en": "Cassivellaunus, as we have stated above, all hope [rising out] of battle being laid aside, the greater part of his forces being dismissed, and about 4,000 charioteers only being left, used to observe our marches and retire a little from the road, and conceal himself in intricate and woody places, and in those neighborhoods in which he had discovered we were about to march, he used to drive the cattle and the inhabitants from the fields into the woods" + }, + { + "id": 6795, + "la": "cumequitatusnosterliberiuspraedandivastandiquecausaseinagroseiecerat,omnibusviissemitisqueessedariosexsilvisemittebatetmagnocumpericulonostrorumequitumcumeisconfligebatatquehocmetulatiusvagariprohibebat", + "en": "and, when our cavalry, for the sake of plundering and ravaging the more freely, scattered themselves among the fields, he used to send out charioteers from the woods by all the well-known roads and paths, and to the great danger of our horse, engage with them; and this source of fear hindered them from straggling very extensively." + }, + { + "id": 6796, + "la": "RelinquebaturutnequelongiusabagminelegionumdiscediCaesarpateretur,ettantuminagrisvastandisincendiisquefaciendishostibusnoceretur,quantumlaboreatqueitinerelegionariimilitesefficerepoterant", + "en": "The result was, that Caesar did not allow excursions to be made to a great distance from the main body of the legions, and ordered that damage should be done to the enemy in ravaging their lands, and kindling fires only so far as the legionary soldiers could, by their own exertion and marching, accomplish it." + }, + { + "id": 6797, + "la": "InterimTrinobantes,propefirmissimaearumregionumcivitas,exquaMandubraciusadulescensCaesarisfidemsecutusadeumincontinentemGalliamvenerat,cuiuspaterineacivitateregnumobtinueratinterfectusqueerataCassivellauno,ipsefugamortemvitaverat,legatosadCaesaremmittuntpollicenturqueseseeidediturosatqueimperatafacturos;", + "en": "In the mean time, the Trinobantes, almost the most powerful state of those parts, from which the young man, Mandubratius embracing the protection of Caesar had come to the continent of Gaul to [meet] him (whose father, Imanuentius, had possessed the sovereignty in that state, and had been killed by Cassivellaunus; he himself had escaped death by flight), send embassadors to Caesar, and promise that they will surrender themselves to him and perform his commands" + }, + { + "id": 6798, + "la": "petuntutMandubraciumabiniuriaCassivellaunidefendatatqueincivitatemmittat,quipraesitimperiumqueobtineat", + "en": "they entreat him to protect Mandubratius from the violence of Cassivellaunus, and send to their state some one to preside over it, and possess the government" + }, + { + "id": 6799, + "la": "HisCaesarimperatobsidesquadragintafrumentumqueexercituiMandubraciumqueadeosmittit", + "en": "Caesar demands forty hostages from them, and corn for his army, and sends Mandubratius to them" + }, + { + "id": 6800, + "la": "Illiimperataceleriterfecerunt,obsidesadnumerumfrumentumquemiserunt", + "en": "They speedily performed the things demanded, and sent hostages to the number appointed, and the corn." + }, + { + "id": 6801, + "la": "TrinobantibusdefensisatqueabomnimilituminiuriaprohibitisCenimagni,Segontiaci,Ancalites,Bibroci,CassilegationibusmississeseCaesaridedunt", + "en": "The Trinobantes being protected and secured from any violence of the soldiers, the Cenimagni, the Segontiaci, the Ancalites, the Bibroci, and the Cassi, sending embassies, surrendered themselves to Caesar" + }, + { + "id": 6802, + "la": "AbhiscognoscitnonlongeexeolocooppidumCassivellauniabessesilvispaludibusquemunitum,quosatismagnushominumpecorisquenumerusconvenerit", + "en": "From them he learns that the capital town of Cassivellaunus was not far from that place, and was defended by woods and morasses, and a very large number of men and of cattle had been collected in it" + }, + { + "id": 6803, + "la": "OppidumautemBritannivocant,cumsilvasimpeditasvalloatquefossamunierunt,quoincursionishostiumvitandaecausaconvenireconsuerunt", + "en": "(Now the Britons, when they have fortified the intricate woods, in which they are wont to assemble for the purpose of avoiding the incursion of an enemy, with an intrenchment and a rampart, call them a town.)" + }, + { + "id": 6804, + "la": "Eoproficisciturcumlegionibus:locumreperitegregienaturaatqueoperemunitum;tamenhuncduabusexpartibusoppugnarecontendit", + "en": "Thither he proceeds with his legions: he finds the place admirably fortified by nature and art; he, however, undertakes to attack it in two directions" + }, + { + "id": 6805, + "la": "Hostespaulispermoratimilitumnostrorumimpetumnontuleruntsesequealiaexparteoppidieiecerunt", + "en": "The enemy, having remained only a short time, did not sustain the attack of our soldiers, and hurried away on the other side of the town" + }, + { + "id": 6806, + "la": "Magnusibinumeruspecorisrepertus,multiqueinfugasuntcomprehensiatqueinterfecti", + "en": "A great amount of cattle was found there, and many of the enemy were taken and slain in their flight." + }, + { + "id": 6807, + "la": "Dumhaecinhislocisgeruntur,CassivellaunusadCantium,quodesseadmaresuprademonstravimus,quibusregionibusquattuorregespraeerant,Cingetorix,Carvilius,Taximagulus,Segovax,nuntiosmittitatqueeisimperatuticoactisomnibuscopiiscastranavaliadeimprovisoadorianturatqueoppugnent", + "en": "While these things are going forward in those places, Cassivellaunus sends messengers into Kent , which, we have observed above, is on the sea, over which districts four several kings reigned, Cingetorix, Carvilius, Taximagulus and Segonax, and commands them to collect all their forces, and unexpectedly assail and storm the naval camp" + }, + { + "id": 6808, + "la": "Eicumadcastravenissent,nostrieruptionefactamultiseoruminterfectis,captoetiamnobiliduceLugotorigesuosincolumesreduxerunt", + "en": "When they had come to the camp, our men, after making a sally, slaying many of their men, and also capturing a distinguished leader named Lugotorix, brought back their own men in safety" + }, + { + "id": 6809, + "la": "Cassivellaunushocproelionuntiatototdetrimentisacceptis,vastatisfinibus,maximeetiampermotusdefectionecivitatumlegatosperAtrebatemCommiumdededitioneadCaesaremmittit", + "en": "Cassivellaunus, when this battle was reported to him as so many losses had been sustained, and his territories laid waste, being alarmed most of all by the desertion of the states, sends embassadors to Caesar [to treat] about a surrender through the mediation of Commius the Atrebatian" + }, + { + "id": 6810, + "la": "Caesar,cumconstituissethiemareincontinentipropterrepentinosGalliaemotus,nequemultumaestatissuperesset,atqueidfacileextrahiposseintellegeret,obsidesimperatetquidinannossingulosvectigalispopuloRomanoBritanniapenderetconstituit;", + "en": "Caesar, since he had determined to pass the winter on the continent, on account of the sudden revolts of Gaul, and as much of the summer did not remain, and he perceived that even that could be easily protracted, demands hostages, and prescribes what tribute Britain should pay each year to the Roman people" + }, + { + "id": 6811, + "la": "interdicitatqueimperatCassivellauno,neMandubracioneuTrinobantibusnoceat", + "en": "he forbids and commands Cassivellaunus that he wage not war against Mandubratius or the Trinobantes" + }, + { + "id": 6812, + "la": "Obsidibusacceptisexercitumreducitadmare,navesinvenitrefectas", + "en": "When he had received the hostages, he leads back the army to the sea, and finds the ships repaired" + }, + { + "id": 6813, + "la": "Hisdeductis,quodetcaptivorummagnumnumerumhabebat,etnonnullaetempestatedeperierantnaves,duobuscommeatibusexercitumreportareinstituit", + "en": "After launching these, because he had a large number of prisoners, and some of the ships had been lost in the storm, he determines to convey back his army at two embarkations" + }, + { + "id": 6814, + "la": "Acsicaccidit,utiextantonaviumnumerototnavigationibusnequehocnequesuperioreannoullaomninonavis,", + "en": "And it so happened, that out of so large a number of ships, in so many voyages, neither in this nor in the previous year was any ship missing" + }, + { + "id": 6815, + "la": "quaemilitesportaret,desideraretur;atexeis,quaeinanesexcontinentiadeumremitterenturetprioriscommeatusexpositismilitibusetquasposteaLabienusfaciendascuraveratnumeroLX,perpaucaelocumcaperent,reliquaefereomnesreicerentur", + "en": "but very few out of those which were sent back to him from the continent empty, as the soldiers of the former convoy had been disembarked, and out of those (sixty in number) which Labienus had taken care to have built, reached their destination; almost all the rest were driven back," + }, + { + "id": 6816, + "la": "QuascumaliquamdiuCaesarfrustraexspectasset,neannitemporeanavigationeexcluderetur,", + "en": "and when Caesar had waited for them for some time in vain, lest he should be debarred from a voyage by the season of the year" + }, + { + "id": 6817, + "la": "quodaequinoctiumsuberat,necessarioangustiusmilitescollocavitacsummatranquillitateconsecuta,secundainitacumsolvissetvigilia,primaluceterramattigitomnesqueincolumesnavesperduxit", + "en": "inasmuch as the equinox was at hand, he of necessity stowed his soldiers the more closely, and, a very great calm coming on, after he had weighed anchor at the beginning of the second watch, he reached land at break of day and brought in all the ships in safety." + }, + { + "id": 6818, + "la": "SubductisnavibusconcilioqueGallorumSamarobrivaeperacto,quodeoannofrumentuminGalliaproptersiccitatesangustiusprovenerat,coactusestaliteracsuperioribusannisexercituminhiberniscollocarelegionesqueinplurescivitatesdistribuere;", + "en": "The ships having been drawn up and a general assembly of the Gauls held atSamarobriva, because the corn that year had not prospered in Gaul by reason of the droughts, he was compelled to station his army in its winter-quarters differently from the former years, and to distribute the legions among several states" + }, + { + "id": 6819, + "la": "exquibusunaminMorinosducendamGaioFabiolegatodedit,alteraminNerviosQuintoCiceroni,tertiaminEsubiosLucioRoscio;quartaminRemiscumTitoLabienoinconfinioTreverorumhiemareiussit.TresinBelgiscollocavit:", + "en": "one of them he gave to C. Fabius, his lieutenant, to be marched into the territories of the Morini; a second to Q. Cicero, into those of the Nervii; a third to L. Roscius, into those of the Essui; a fourth he ordered to winter with T. Labienus among the Remi in the confines of the Treviri ; he stationed three in Belgium" + }, + { + "id": 6820, + "la": "eisMarcumCrassumquaestoremetLuciumMunatiumPlancumetGaiumTreboniumlegatospraefecit", + "en": "over these he appointed M. Crassus, his questor, and L. Munatius Plancus and C. Trebonius, his lieutenants" + }, + { + "id": 6821, + "la": "Unamlegionem,quamproximetransPadumconscripserat,etcohortesVinEburones,quorumparsmaximaestinterMosamacRhenum,quisubimperioAmbiorigisetCatuvolcierant,misit", + "en": "One legion which he had raised last on the other side of the Po, and five cohorts, he sent among the Eburones, the greatest portion of whom lie between the Meuse and the Rhine , [and] who were under the government of Ambiorix and Cativolcus" + }, + { + "id": 6822, + "la": "EismilitibusQuintumTituriumSabinumetLuciumAurunculeiumCottamlegatospraeesseiussit", + "en": "He ordered Q. Titurius Sabinus and L. Aurunculeius Cotta, his lieutenants, to take command of these soldiers" + }, + { + "id": 6823, + "la": "Adhuncmodumdistributislegionibusfacillimeinopiaefrumentariaesesemederiposseexistimavit", + "en": "The legions being distributed in this manner, he thought he could most easily remedy the scarcity of corn" + }, + { + "id": 6824, + "la": "Atqueharumtamenomniumlegionumhibernapraeteream,quamLucioRoscioimpacatissimametquietissimampartemducendamdederat,milibuspassuumcentumcontinebantur", + "en": "nd yet the winter-quarters of all these legions (except that which he had given to L. Roscius, to be led into the most peaceful and tranquil neighborhood) were comprehended within [about] 100 miles" + }, + { + "id": 6825, + "la": "Ipseinterea,quoadlegionescollocatasmunitaquehibernacognovisset,inGalliamorariconstituit", + "en": "He himself in the mean while, until he had stationed the legions and knew that the several winter-quarters were fortified, determined to stay in Gaul." + }, + { + "id": 6826, + "la": "EratinCarnutibussummoloconatusTasgetius,cuiusmaioresinsuacivitateregnumobtinuerant", + "en": "There was among the Carnutes a man named Tasgetius, born of very high rank, whose ancestors had held the sovereignty in his state" + }, + { + "id": 6827, + "la": "HuicCaesarproeiusvirtuteatqueinsebenevolentia,quodinomnibusbellissingularieiusonerafueratusus,maiorumlocumrestituerat", + "en": "To him Caesar had restored the position of his ancestors, in consideration of his prowess and attachment toward him, because in all his wars he had availed himself of his valuable services" + }, + { + "id": 6828, + "la": "Tertiumiamhuncannumregnanteminimici,multispalamexcivitateeiusauctoribus,euminterfecerunt", + "en": "His personal enemies had killed him when in the third year of his reign, many even of his own state being openly promoters" + }, + { + "id": 6829, + "la": "DeferturearesadCaesarem.Illeveritus,quodadplurespertinebat,necivitaseorumimpulsudeficeret,LuciumPlancumcumlegioneexBelgioceleriterinCarnutesproficisciiubetibiquehiemarequorumqueoperacognoveratTasgetiuminterfectum,hoscomprehensosadsemittere", + "en": "This event is related to Caesar. He fearing, because several were involved in the act, that the state might revolt at their instigation, orders Lucius Plancus, with a legion, to proceed quickly from Belgium to the Carnutes, and winter there, and arrest and send to him the persons by whose instrumentality he should discover that Tasgetius was slain" + }, + { + "id": 6830, + "la": "Interimabomnibuslegatisquaestoreque,quibuslegionestradiderat,certiorfactusestinhibernaperventumlocumquehibernisessemunitum", + "en": "In the mean time, he was apprised by all the lieutenants and questors to whom he had assigned the legions, that they had arrived in winter-quarters, and that the place for the quarters was fortified." + }, + { + "id": 6831, + "la": "DiebuscirciterXV,quibusinhibernaventumest,initiumrepentinitumultusacdefectionisortumestabAmbiorigeetCatuvolco;", + "en": "About fifteen days after they had come into winter-quarters, the beginning of a sudden insurrection and revolt arose from Ambiorix and Cativolcus" + }, + { + "id": 6832, + "la": "qui,cumadfinesregnisuiSabinoCottaequepraestofuissentfrumentumqueinhibernacomportavissent,IndutiomariTreverinuntiisimpulsisuosconcitaveruntsubitoqueoppressislignatoribusmagnamanuadcastraoppugnatumvenerunt", + "en": "who, though they had met with Sabinus and Cotta at the borders of their kingdom, and had conveyed corn into our winter-quarters, induced by the messages of Indutiomarus, one of the Treviri , excited their people, and after having suddenly assailed the soldiers engaged in procuring wood, came with a large body to attack the camp" + }, + { + "id": 6833, + "la": "CumceleriternostriarmacepissentvallumqueadscendissentatqueunaexparteHispanisequitibusemissisequestriproeliosuperioresfuissent,desperatarehostessuosaboppugnationereduxerunt", + "en": "When our men had speedily taken up arms and had ascended the rampart, and sending out some Spanish horse on one side, had proved conquerors in a cavalry action, the enemy, despairing of success, drew off their troops from the assault." + }, + { + "id": 6834, + "la": "Tumsuomoreconclamaverunt,utialiquiexnostrisadcolloquiumprodiret:haberesese,quaederecommunidicerevellent,quibusrebuscontroversiasminuipossesperarent", + "en": "Then they shouted, according to their custom, that some of our men should go forward to a conference, [alleging] that they had some things which they desired to say respecting the common interest, by which they trusted their disputes could be removed." + }, + { + "id": 6835, + "la": "MittituradeoscolloquendicausaGaiusArpineius,equesRomanus,familiarisQuintiTituri,etQuintusIuniusexHispaniaquidam,quiiamantemissuCaesarisadAmbiorigemventitareconsuerat;apudquosAmbiorixadhuncmodumlocutusest:", + "en": "C. Arpineius, a Roman knight, the intimate friend of Q. Titurius, and with him, Q. Junius, a certain person from Spain, who already on previous occasions, had been accustomed to go to Ambiorix, at Caesar's mission, is sent to them for the purpose of a conference: before them Ambiorix spoke to this effect" + }, + { + "id": 6836, + "la": "seseproCaesarisinsebeneficiisplurimumeiconfiteridebere,quodeiusoperastipendioliberatusesset,quodAduatucis,finitimissuis,pendereconsuesset,quodqueeietfiliusetfratrisfiliusabCaesareremissiessent,quosAduatuciobsidumnumeromissosapudseinservituteetcatenistenuissent;", + "en": "hat he confessed, that for Caesar's kindness toward him, he was very much indebted to him, inasmuch as by his aid he had been freed from a tribute which he had been accustomed to pay to the Aduatuci, his neighbors; and because his own son and the son of his brother had been sent back to him, whom, when sent in the number of hostages, the Aduatuci had detained among them in slavery and in chains" + }, + { + "id": 6837, + "la": "nequeid,quodfeceritdeoppugnationecastrorum,autiudicioautvoluntatesuafecisse,sedcoactucivitatis,suaqueesseeiusmodiimperia,utnonminushaberetiurisinsemultitudoquamipseinmultitudinem", + "en": "and that he had not done that which he had done in regard to the attacking of the camp, either by his own judgment or desire, but by the compulsion of his state; and that his government was of that nature, that the people had as much authority over him as he over the people" + }, + { + "id": 6838, + "la": "Civitatiporrohancfuissebellicausam,quodrepentinaeGallorumconiurationiresisterenonpotuerit.Idsefacileexhumilitatesuaprobareposse,quodnonadeositimperitusrerumutsuiscopiispopulumRomanumsuperariposseconfidat", + "en": "To the state moreover the occasion of the war was this-that it could not withstand the sudden combination of the Gauls; that he could easily prove this from his own weakness, since he was not so little versed in affairs as to presume that with his forces he could conquer the Roman people" + }, + { + "id": 6839, + "la": "SedesseGalliaecommuneconsilium:omnibushibernisCaesarisoppugnandishuncessedictumdiem,nequalegioalteraelegionisubsidiovenireposset;", + "en": "but that it was the common resolution of Gaul; that that day was appointed for the storming of all Caesar's winter-quarters, in order that no legion should be able to come to the relief of another legion" + }, + { + "id": 6840, + "la": "nonfacileGallosGallisnegarepotuisse,praesertimcumderecuperandacommunilibertateconsiliuminitumvideretur", + "en": "that Gauls could not easily deny Gauls, especially when a measure seemed entered into for recovering their common freedom" + }, + { + "id": 6841, + "la": "Quibusquoniampropietatesatisfecerit,haberenuncserationemofficiprobeneficiisCaesaris:monere,orareTituriumprohospitio,utsuaeacmilitumsaluticonsulat", + "en": "Since he had performed his duty to them on the score of patriotism [he said], he has now regard to gratitude for the kindness of Caesar; that he warned, that he prayed Titurius by the claims of hospitality, to consult for his and his soldiers' safely" + }, + { + "id": 6842, + "la": "MagnammanumGermanorumconductamRhenumtransisse;hancadforebiduo", + "en": "that a large force of the Germans had been hired and had passed the Rhine ; that it would arrive in two days" + }, + { + "id": 6843, + "la": "Ipsorumesseconsilium,velintnepriusquamfinitimisentianteductosexhibernismilitesautadCiceronemautadLabienumdeducere,quorumaltermiliapassuumcirciterquinquaginta,alterpauloampliusabeisabsit", + "en": "that it was for them to consider whether they thought fit, before the nearest people perceived it, to lead off their soldiers when drawn out of winter-quarters, either to Cicero or to Labienus; one of whom was about fifty miles distant from them, the other rather more" + }, + { + "id": 6844, + "la": "Illudsepollicerietiureiurandoconfirmaretutumiterperfinesdaturum;", + "en": "that this he promised and confirmed by oath, that he would give them a safe passage through his territories" + }, + { + "id": 6845, + "la": "quodcumfaciat,etcivitatiseseconsulere,quodhibernislevetur,etCaesariproeiusmeritisgratiamreferre.HacorationehabitadisceditAmbiorix", + "en": "and when he did that, he was both consulting for his own state, because it would be relieved from the winter-quarters, and also making a requital to Caesar for his obligations.\"" + }, + { + "id": 6846, + "la": "ArpineiusetIunius,quaeaudierunt,adlegatosdeferunt.Illirepentinareperturbati,etsiabhosteeadicebantur,tamennonneglegendaexistimabantmaximequehacrepermovebantur,quodcivitatemignobilematquehumilemEburonumsuaspontepopuloRomanobellumfacereausamvixeratcredendum", + "en": "Arpineius and Junius relate to the lieutenants what they had heard. They, greatly alarmed by the unexpected affair, though those things were spoken by an enemy, still thought they were not to be disregarded; and they were especially influenced by this consideration, that it was scarcely credible that the obscure and humble state of the Eburones had dared to make war upon the Roman people of their own accord" + }, + { + "id": 6847, + "la": "Itaqueadconsiliumremdeferuntmagnaqueintereosexsistitcontroversia", + "en": "Accordingly, they refer the matter to a council, and a great controversy arises among them." + }, + { + "id": 6848, + "la": "LuciusAurunculeiuscompluresquetribunimilitumetprimorumordinumcenturionesnihiltemereagendumnequeexhibernisiniussuCaesarisdiscedendumexistimabant:quantasvis[magnas]copiasetiamGermanorumsustineripossemunitishibernisdocebant:remessetestimonio,quodprimumhostiumimpetummultisultrovulneribusillatisfortissimesustinuerint:refrumentarianonpremi;intereaetexproximishibernisetaCaesareconventurasubsidia:postremoquidesseleviusautturpius,quamauctorehostedesummisrebuscapereconsilium?", + "en": "L. Aurunculeius, and several tribunes of the soldiers and the centurions of the first rank, were of opinion \"that nothing should be done hastily, and that they should not depart from the camp without Caesar's orders;\" they declared, \"that any forces of the Germans, however great, might be encountered by fortified winter-quarters; that this fact was a proof [of it]; that they had sustained the first assault of the Germans most valiantly, inflicting many wounds upon them; that they were not distressed for corn; that in the mean time relief would come both from the nearest winter-quarters and from Caesar; lastly, they put the query, \"what could be more undetermined, more undignified, than to adopt measures respecting the most important affairs on the authority of an enemy?\"" + }, + { + "id": 6849, + "la": "ContraeaTituriusserofacturosclamitabat,cummaioresmanushostiumadiunctisGermanisconvenissent,autcumaliquidcalamitatisinproximishibernisessetacceptum.Brevemconsulendiesseoccasionem.CaesaremarbitrariprofectuminItaliam;", + "en": "In opposition to those things, Titurius exclaimed, \"That they would do this too late, when greater forces of the enemy, after a junction with the Germans, should have assembled; or when some disaster had been received in the neighboring winter-quarters; that the opportunity for deliberating was short; that he believed that Caesar had set forth into Italy" + }, + { + "id": 6850, + "la": "nequealiterCarnutesinterficiendiTasgeticonsiliumfuissecapturos,nequeEburones,siilleadesset,tantacontemptionenostriadcastraventurosesse", + "en": "as the Carnutes would not otherwise have taken the measure of slaying Tasgetius, nor would the Eburones, if he had been present, have come to the camp with so great defiance of us" + }, + { + "id": 6851, + "la": "Nonhostemauctorem,sedremspectare:subesseRhenum;magnoesseGermanisdoloriAriovistimortemetsuperioresnostrasvictorias;", + "en": "that he did not regard the enemy, but the fact, as the authority; that the Rhine was near; that the death of Ariovistus and our previous victories were subjects of great indignation to the Germans" + }, + { + "id": 6852, + "la": "ardereGalliamtotcontumeliisacceptissubpopuliRomaniimperiumredactamsuperioregloriareimilitarisexstincta", + "en": "that Gaul was inflamed, that after having received so many defeats she was reduced under the sway of the Roman people, her pristine glory in military matters being extinguished" + }, + { + "id": 6853, + "la": "Postremoquishocsibipersuaderet,sinecertareAmbiorigemadeiusmodiconsiliumdescendisse?", + "en": "Lastly, \"who would persuade himself of this, that Ambiorix had resorted to a design of that nature without sure grounds?" + }, + { + "id": 6854, + "la": "Suamsententiaminutramquepartemessetutam:sinihilessetdurius,nullocumpericuloadproximamlegionemperventuros;siGalliaomniscumGermanisconsentiret,unamesseinceleritatepositamsalutem", + "en": "That his own opinion was safe on either side; if there be nothing very formidable, they would go without danger to the nearest legion; if all Gaul conspired with the Germans, their only safety lay in dispatch" + }, + { + "id": 6855, + "la": "Cottaequidematqueeorum,quidissentirent,consiliumquemhabereexitum?Inquosinonpraesenspericulum,atcertelonginquaobsidionefamesessettimenda", + "en": "What issue would the advice of Cotta and of those who differed from him, have? from which, if immediate danger was not to be dreaded, yet certainly famine, by a protracted siege, was.\"" + }, + { + "id": 6856, + "la": "Hacinutramquepartemdisputationehabita,cumaCottaprimisqueordinibusacriterresisteretur, \"Vincite,\"inquit, \"siitavultis,\"Sabinus,etidclariorevoce,utmagnaparsmilitumexaudiret;", + "en": "This discussion having been held on the two sides, when opposition was offered strenuously by Cotta and the principal officers, \"Prevail,\" said Sabinus, \"if so you wish it;\" and he said it with a louder voice, that a great portion of the soldiers might hear him" + }, + { + "id": 6857, + "la": "\"nequeissum,\"inquit, \"quigravissimeexvobismortispericuloterrear:hisapient;sigraviusquidacciderit,absterationemreposcent,", + "en": "\"nor am I the person among you,\" he said, \"who is most powerfully alarmed by the danger of death; these will be aware of it, and then, if any thing disastrous shall have occurred, they will demand a reckoning at your hands" + }, + { + "id": 6858, + "la": "qui,siperteliceat,perendinodiecumproximishibernisconiuncticommunemcumreliquisbellicasumsustineant,nonreiectietrelegatilongeabceterisautferroautfameintereant.\"", + "en": "these, who, if it were permitted by you, united three days hence with the nearest winter-quarters, may encounter the common condition of war with the rest, and not, as if forced away and separated far from the rest, perish either by the sword or by famine.\"" + }, + { + "id": 6859, + "la": "Consurgiturexconsilio;comprehenduntutrumqueetorant,nesuadissensioneetpertinaciareminsummumpericulumdeducant:", + "en": "They rise from the council, detain both, and entreat, that \"they do not bring the matter into the greatest jeopardy by their dissension and obstinacy" + }, + { + "id": 6860, + "la": "facilemesserem,seumaneant,seuproficiscantur,simodounumomnessentiantacprobent;contraindissensionenullamsesalutemperspicere.Resdisputationeadmediamnoctemperducitur", + "en": "the affair was an easy one, if only they all thought and approved of the same thing, whether they remain or depart; on the other hand, they saw no security in dissension.\" The matter is prolonged by debate till midnight" + }, + { + "id": 6861, + "la": "TandemdatCottapermotusmanus:superatsententiaSabini.Pronuntiaturprimaluceituros", + "en": "At last Cotta, being overruled, yields his assent; the opinion of Sabinus prevails. It is proclaimed that they will march at day-break" + }, + { + "id": 6862, + "la": "Consumiturvigiliisreliquaparsnoctis,cumsuaquisquemilescircumspiceret,quidsecumportareposset,quidexinstrumentohibernorumrelinquerecogeretur", + "en": "the remainder of the night is spent without sleep, since every soldier was inspecting his property, [to see] what he could carry with him, and what, out of the appurtenances of the winter-quarters, he would be compelled to leave" + }, + { + "id": 6863, + "la": "Omniaexcogitantur,quarenecsinepericulomaneatur,etlanguoremilitumetvigiliispericulumaugeatur", + "en": "every reason is suggested to show why they could not stay without danger, and how that danger would be increased by the fatigue of the soldiers and their want of sleep" + }, + { + "id": 6864, + "la": "Primalucesicexcastrisproficiscuntur,utquibusessetpersuasumnonabhoste,sedabhomineamicissimoAmbiorigeconsiliumdatum,longissimoagminemaximisqueimpedimentis", + "en": "At break of day they quit the camp, in a very extended line and with a very large amount of baggage, in such a manner as men who were convinced that the advice was given by Ambiorix, not as an enemy, but as most friendly" + }, + { + "id": 6865, + "la": "Athostes,posteaquamexnocturnofremituvigiliisquedeprofectioneeorumsenserunt,collocatisinsidiisbipertitoinsilvisopportunoatqueoccultolocoamilibuspassuumcirciterduobusRomanorumadventumexspectabant,", + "en": "But the enemy, after they had made the discovery of their intended departure by the noise during the night and their not retiring to rest, having placed an ambuscade in two divisions in the woods, in a suitable and concealed place, two miles from the camp, waited for the arrival of the Romans" + }, + { + "id": 6866, + "la": "etcumsemaiorparsagminisinmagnamconvallemdemisisset,exutraqueparteeiusvallissubitoseostenderuntnovissimosquepremereetprimosprohibereascensuatqueiniquissimonostrislocoproeliumcommitterecoeperunt", + "en": "and when the greater part of the line of march had descended into a considerable valley, they suddenly presented themselves on either side of that valley, and began both to harass the rear and hinder the van from ascending, and to give battle in a place exceedingly disadvantageous to our men" + }, + { + "id": 6867, + "la": "TumdemumTiturius,quinihilanteprovidisset,trepidareetconcursarecohortesquedisponere,haectamenipsatimideatqueuteumomniadeficereviderentur;quodplerumqueeisaccidereconsuevit,quiinipsonegotioconsiliumcaperecoguntur", + "en": "Then at length Titurius, as one who had provided nothing beforehand, was confused, ran to and fro, and set about arranging his troops; these very things, however, he did timidly and in such a manner that all resources seemed to fail him: which generally happens to those who are compelled to take council in the action itself" + }, + { + "id": 6868, + "la": "AtCotta,quicogitassethaecposseinitinereaccidereatqueobeamcausamprofectionisauctornonfuisset,nullainrecommunisalutideeratetinappellandiscohortandisquemilitibusimperatorisetinpugnamilitisofficiapraestabat", + "en": "But Cotta, who had reflected that these things might occur on the march, and on that account had not been an adviser of the departure, was wanting to the common safety in no respect; both in addressing and encouraging the soldiers, he performed the duties of a general, and in the battle those of a soldier" + }, + { + "id": 6869, + "la": "Cumpropterlongitudinemagminisminusfacileomniaperseobireet,quidquoquelocofaciendumesset,providerepossent,iusseruntpronuntiare,utimpedimentarelinquerentatqueinorbemconsisterent", + "en": "And since they [Titurius and Cotta] could less easily perform every thing by themselves, and provide what was to be done in each place, by reason of the length of the line of march, they ordered [the officers] to give the command that they should leave the baggage and form themselves into an orb" + }, + { + "id": 6870, + "la": "Quodconsiliumetsiineiusmodicasureprehendendumnonest,tamenincommodeaccidit:", + "en": "which measure, though in a contingency of that nature it was not to be condemned, still turned out unfortunately" + }, + { + "id": 6871, + "la": "nametnostrismilitibusspemminuitethostesadpugnamalacrioreseffecit,quodnonsinesummotimoreetdesperationeidfactumvidebatur.Praetereaaccidit,quodfierinecesseerat,utvulgomilitesabsignisdiscederent,quaequisqueeorumcarissimahaberet,abimpedimentispetereatquearripereproperaret,clamoreetfletuomniacomplerentur", + "en": "for it both diminished the hope of our soldiers and rendered the enemy more eager for the fight, because it appeared that this was not done without the greatest fear and despair. Besides that happened, which would necessarily be the case, that the soldiers for the most part quitted their ensigns and hurried to seek and carry off from the baggage whatever each thought valuable, and all parts were filled with uproar and lamentation" + }, + { + "id": 6872, + "la": "Atbarbarisconsiliumnondefuit.Namduceseorumtotaaciepronuntiareiusserunt,nequisablocodiscederet:illorumessepraedamatqueillisreservariquaecumqueRomanireliquissent:proindeomniainvictoriapositaexistimarent", + "en": "But judgment was not wanting to the barbarians; for their leaders ordered [the officers] to proclaim through the ranks \"that no man should quit his place; that the booty was theirs, and for them was reserved whatever the Romans should leave; therefore let them consider that all things depended on their victory" + }, + { + "id": 6873, + "la": "Erantetvirtuteetstudiopugnandipares;nostri,tametsiabduceetafortunadeserebantur,tamenomnemspemsalutisinvirtuteponebant,etquotiensquaequecohorsprocurrerat,abeapartemagnusnumerushostiumcadebat", + "en": "Our men were equal to them in fighting, both in courage and in number, and though they were deserted by their leader and by fortune, yet they still placed all hope of safety in their valor, and as often as any cohort sallied forth on that side, a great number of the enemy usually fell" + }, + { + "id": 6874, + "la": "QuareanimadversaAmbiorixpronuntiariiubet,utprocultelaconiciantneupropiusaccedantet,quaminpartemRomaniimpetumfecerint,cedant(levitatearmorumetcotidianaexercitationenihileisnoceriposse),", + "en": "Ambiorix, when he observed this, orders the command to be issued that they throw their weapons from a distance and do not approach too near, and in whatever direction the Romans should make an attack, there give way (from the lightness of their appointments and from their daily practice no damage could be done them)" + }, + { + "id": 6875, + "la": "rursusseadsignarecipientesinsequantur", + "en": "pursue them when betaking themselves to their standards again" + }, + { + "id": 6876, + "la": "Quopraeceptoabeisdiligentissimeobservato,cumquaepiamcohorsexorbeexcesseratatqueimpetumfecerat,hostesvelocissimerefugiebant", + "en": "Which command having been most carefully obeyed, when any cohort had quitted the circle and made a charge, the enemy fled very precipitately" + }, + { + "id": 6877, + "la": "Interimeampartemnudarinecesseeratetablatereapertotelarecipi", + "en": "In the mean time, that part of the Roman army, of necessity, was left unprotected, and the weapons received on their open flank" + }, + { + "id": 6878, + "la": "Rursuscumineumlocumundeerantegressireverticoeperant,etabeisquicesserantetabeisquiproximisteterantcircumveniebantur;", + "en": "Again, when they had begun to return to that place from which they had advanced, they were surrounded both by those who had retreated and by those who stood next them" + }, + { + "id": 6879, + "la": "sinautemlocumtenerevellent,necvirtutilocusrelinquebatur,nequeabtantamultitudineconiectatelaconfertivitarepoterant", + "en": "but if, on the other hand, they wish to keep their place, neither was an opportunity left for valor, nor could they, being crowded together, escape the weapons cast by so large a body of men" + }, + { + "id": 6880, + "la": "Tamentotincommodisconflictati,multisvulneribusacceptisresistebantetmagnapartedieiconsumpta,cumaprimaluceadhoramoctavampugnaretur,nihilquodipsisessetindignumcommittebant", + "en": "Yet, though assailed by so many disadvantages, [and] having received many wounds, they withstood the enemy, and, a great portion of the day being spent, though they fought from day-break till the eighth hour, they did nothing which was unworthy of them" + }, + { + "id": 6881, + "la": "TumTitoBalventio,quisuperioreannoprimumpilumduxerat,virofortietmagnaeauctoritatis,utrumquefemurtragulatraicitur;", + "en": "At length, each thigh of T. Balventius, who the year before had been chief centurion, a brave man and one of great authority, is pierced with a javelin" + }, + { + "id": 6882, + "la": "QuintusLucanius,eiusdemordinis,fortissimepugnans,dumcircumventofiliosubvenit,interficitur;", + "en": "Q. Lucanius, of the same rank, fighting most valiantly, is slain while he assists his son when surrounded by the enemy" + }, + { + "id": 6883, + "la": "LuciusCottalegatusomnescohortesordinesqueadhortansinadversumosfundavulneratur", + "en": "L. Cotta, the lieutenant, when encouraging all the cohorts and companies, is wounded full in the mouth by a sling." + }, + { + "id": 6884, + "la": "HisrebuspermotusQuintusTiturius,cumproculAmbiorigemsuoscohortantemconspexisset,interpretemsuumGnaeumPompeiumadeummittitrogatumutsibimilitibusqueparcat", + "en": "Much troubled by these events, Q. Titurius, when he had perceived Ambiorix in the distance encouraging his men, sends to him his interpreter, Cn. Pompey, to beg that he would spare him and his soldiers" + }, + { + "id": 6885, + "la": "Illeappellatusrespondit:sivelitsecumcolloqui,licere;sperareamultitudineimpetrariposse,quodadmilitumsalutempertineat;ipsiveronihilnocitumiri,inqueeamremsesuamfideminterponere.IllecumCottasauciocommunicat,", + "en": "He, when addressed, replied, \"If he wishes to confer with him, it was permitted; that he hoped what pertained to the safety of the soldiers could be obtained from the people; that to him however certainly no injury would be done, and that he pledged his faith to that effect.\" He consults with Cotta, who had been wounded" + }, + { + "id": 6886, + "la": "sivideatur,pugnautexcedantetcumAmbiorigeunacolloquantur:sperareabeodesuaacmilitumsaluteimpetrariposse.Cottaseadarmatumhostemiturumnegatatqueineoperseverat", + "en": "whether it would appear right to retire from battle, and confer with Ambiorix; [saying] that he hoped to be able to succeed respecting his own and the soldiers' safety. Cotta says he will not go to an armed enemy, and in that perseveres." + }, + { + "id": 6887, + "la": "Sabinusquosinpraesentiatribunosmilitumcircumsehabebatetprimorumordinumcenturionessesequiiubetet,cumpropiusAmbiorigemaccessisset,iussusarmaabicereimperatumfacitsuisqueutidemfaciantimperat", + "en": "Sabinus orders those tribunes of the soldiers whom he had at the time around him, and the centurions of the first ranks, to follow him, and when he had approached near to Ambiorix, being ordered to throw down his arms, he obeys the order and commands his men to do the same." + }, + { + "id": 6888, + "la": "Interim,dumdecondicionibusinterseaguntlongiorqueconsultoabAmbiorigeinstituitursermo,paulatimcircumventusinterficitur", + "en": "In the mean time, while they treat upon the terms, and a longer debate than necessary is designedly entered into by Ambiorix, being surrounded by degrees, he is slain" + }, + { + "id": 6889, + "la": "Tumverosuomorevictoriamconclamantatqueululatumtolluntimpetuqueinnostrosfactoordinesperturbant", + "en": "Then they, according to their custom, shout out \"Victory,\" and raise their war-cry, and, making an attack on our men, break their ranks" + }, + { + "id": 6890, + "la": "IbiLuciusCottapugnansinterficiturcummaximapartemilitum.Reliquiseincastrarecipiuntundeerantegressi;", + "en": "There L. Cotta, while fighting, is slain, together with the greater part of the soldiers; the rest betake themselves to the camp, from which they had marched forth" + }, + { + "id": 6891, + "la": "exquibusLuciusPetrosidiusaquilifer,cummagnamultitudinehostiumpremeretur,aquilamintravallumproiecit;ipseprocastrisfortissimepugnansocciditur.Illiaegreadnoctemoppugnationemsustinent;", + "en": "and one of them, L. Petrosidius, the standard bearer, when he was overpowered by the great number of the enemy, threw the eagle within the intrenchments and is himself slain while fighting with the greatest courage before the camp. They with difficulty sustain the attack till night" + }, + { + "id": 6892, + "la": "noctuadunumomnesdesperatasaluteseipsiinterficiunt", + "en": "despairing of safety, they all to a man destroy themselves in the night" + }, + { + "id": 6893, + "la": "PauciexproeliolapsiincertisitineribuspersilvasadTitumLabienumlegatuminhibernaperveniuntatqueeumderebusgestiscertioremfaciunt", + "en": "A few escaping from the battle, made their way to Labienus at winter-quarters, after wandering at random through the woods, and inform him of these events" + }, + { + "id": 6894, + "la": "HacvictoriasublatusAmbiorixstatimcumequitatuinAduatucos,quieranteiusregnofinitimi,proficiscitur;nequenoctemnequediemintermittitpeditatumquesesubsequiiubet", + "en": "Elated by this victory, Ambiorix marches immediately with his cavalry to the Aduatuci, who bordered on his kingdom; he halts neither day nor night, and orders the infantry to follow him closely" + }, + { + "id": 6895, + "la": "RedemonstrataAduatucisqueconcitatisposterodieinNerviospervenithortaturque,nesuiinperpetuumliberandiatqueulciscendiRomanosproeisquasacceperintiniuriisoccasionemdimittant:", + "en": "Having related the exploit and roused the Aduatuci, the next day he arrived among the Nervii, and entreats \"that they should not throw away the opportunity of liberating themselves forever and of punishing the Romans for those wrongs which they had received from them" + }, + { + "id": 6896, + "la": "interfectosesselegatosduosmagnamquepartemexercitusinterissedemonstrat;", + "en": "that two lieutenants have been slain, and that a large portion of the army has perished" + }, + { + "id": 6897, + "la": "nihilessenegotisubitooppressamlegionemquaecumCiceronehiemetinterfici;seadeamremprofiteturadiutorem.FacilehacorationeNerviispersuadet", + "en": "that it was not a matter of difficulty for the legion which was wintering with Cicero to be cut off, when suddenly assaulted; he declares himself ready to cooperate in that design. He easily gains over the Nervii by this speech" + }, + { + "id": 6898, + "la": "ItaqueconfestimdimissisnuntiisadCeutrones,Grudios,Levacos,Pleumoxios,Geidumnos,quiomnessubeorumimperiosunt,quammaximasmanuspossuntcoguntetdeimprovisoadCiceronishibernaadvolantnondumadeumfamadeTiturimorteperlata", + "en": "Accordingly, messengers having been forthwith dispatched to the Centrones, the Grudii, the Levaci, the Pleumoxii, and the Geiduni, all of whom are under their government, they assemble as large bodies as they can, and rush unexpectedly to the winter-quarters of Cicero, the report of the death of Titurius not having as yet been conveyed to him." + }, + { + "id": 6899, + "la": "Huicquoqueaccidit,quodfuitnecesse,utnonnullimilites,quilignationismunitionisquecausainsilvasdiscessissent,repentinoequitumadventuinterciperentur", + "en": "That also occurred to him, which was the consequence of a necessary work-that some soldiers who had gone off into the woods for the purpose of procuring timber and therewith constructing fortifications, were intercepted by the sudden arrival of [the enemy's] horse" + }, + { + "id": 6900, + "la": "HiscircumventismagnamanuEburones,Nervii,Aduatuciatquehorumomniumsociietclienteslegionemoppugnareincipiunt.Nostriceleriteradarmaconcurrunt,vallumconscendunt", + "en": "These having been entrapped, the Eburones, the Nervii, and the Aduatici and all their allies and dependents, begin to attack the legion: our men quickly run together to arms and mount the rampart" + }, + { + "id": 6901, + "la": "Aegreisdiessustentatur,quodomnemspemhostesinceleritateponebantatquehancadeptivictoriaminperpetuumseforevictoresconfidebant", + "en": "they sustained the attack that day with great difficulty, since the enemy placed all their hope in dispatch, and felt assured that, if they obtained this victory, they would be conquerors forever." + }, + { + "id": 6902, + "la": "MittunturadCaesaremconfestimabCiceronelitteraemagnispropositispraemiis,sipertulissent:obsessisomnibusviismissiintercipiuntur", + "en": "Letters are immediately sent to Caesar by Cicero, great rewards being offered [to the messengers] if they carried them through. All these passes having been beset, those who were sent are intercepted" + }, + { + "id": 6903, + "la": "Noctuexmateria,quammunitioniscausacomportaverant,turresadmodumCXXexcitanturincredibiliceleritate;quaedeesseoperividebantur,perficiuntur", + "en": "During the night as many as 120 towers are raised with incredible dispatch out of the timber which they had collected for the purpose of fortification: the things which seemed necessary to the work are completed" + }, + { + "id": 6904, + "la": "Hostesposterodiemultomaioribuscoactiscopiiscastraoppugnant,fossamcomplent.Eademratione,quapridie,abnostrisresistitur:", + "en": "The following day the enemy, having collected far greater forces, attack the camp [and] fill up the ditch. Resistance is made by our men in the same manner as the day before" + }, + { + "id": 6905, + "la": "hocidemreliquisdeincepsfitdiebus", + "en": "this same thing is done afterward during the remaining days" + }, + { + "id": 6906, + "la": "Nullaparsnocturnitemporisadlaboremintermittitur;nonaegris,nonvulneratisfacultasquietisdatur", + "en": "The work is carried on incessantly in the night: not even to the sick, or wounded, is opportunity given for rest" + }, + { + "id": 6907, + "la": "Quaecumqueadproximidieioppugnationemopussuntnoctucomparantur;multaepraeustaesudes,magnusmuraliumpilorumnumerusinstituitur;turrescontabulantur,pinnaeloricaequeexcratibusattexuntur", + "en": "whatever things are required for resisting the assault of the next day are provided during the night: many stakes burned at the end, and a large number of mural pikes are procured: towers are built up, battlements and parapets are formed of interwoven hurdles" + }, + { + "id": 6908, + "la": "IpseCicero,cumtenuissimavaletudineesset,nenocturnumquidemsibitempusadquietemrelinquebat,utultromilitumconcursuacvocibussibiparcerecogeretur", + "en": "Cicero himself, though he was in very weak health, did not leave himself the night-time for repose, so that he was forced to spare himself by the spontaneous movement and entreaties of the soldiers" + }, + { + "id": 6909, + "la": "TuncducesprincipesqueNerviorumquialiquemsermonisaditumcausamqueamicitiaecumCiceronehabebantcolloquisesevelledicunt", + "en": "Then these leaders and chiefs of the Nervii, who had any intimacy and grounds of friendship with Cicero, say they desire to confer with him." + }, + { + "id": 6910, + "la": "FactapotestateeademquaeAmbiorixcumTiturioegeratcommemorant:omnemesseinarmisGalliam;", + "en": "When permission was granted, they recount the same things which Ambiorix had related to Titurius, namely, \"that all Gaul was in arms" + }, + { + "id": 6911, + "la": "GermanosRhenumtransisse;Caesarisreliquorumquehibernaoppugnari", + "en": "that the Germans had passed the Rhine , that the winter-quarters of Caesar and of the others were attacked." + }, + { + "id": 6912, + "la": "AdduntetiamdeSabinimorte:Ambiorigemostentantfideifaciendaecausa", + "en": "They report in addition also, about the death of Sabinus. They point to Ambiorix for the purpose of obtaining credence" + }, + { + "id": 6913, + "la": "Errareeosdicunt,siquidquamabhispraesidisperent,quisuisrebusdiffidant;sesetamenhocesseinCiceronempopulumqueRomanumanimo,utnihilnisihibernarecusentatquehancinveterascereconsuetudinemnolint:", + "en": "they are mistaken,\" say they, \"if they hoped for any relief from those who distrust their own affairs; that they bear such feelings toward Cicero and the Roman people that they deny them nothing but winter-quarters, and are unwilling that the practice should become constant" + }, + { + "id": 6914, + "la": "licereillisincolumibusperseexhibernisdiscedereetquascumqueinpartesvelintsinemetuproficisci", + "en": "that through their [the Nervii's] means it is possible for them [the Romans] to depart from their winter-quarters safely and to proceed without fear into whatever parts they desire" + }, + { + "id": 6915, + "la": "Ciceroadhaecunummodorespondit:nonesseconsuetudinempopuliRomaniaccipereabhostearmatocondicionem:", + "en": "To these Cicero made only one reply: \"that it is not the custom of the Roman people to accept any condition from an armed enemy" + }, + { + "id": 6916, + "la": "siabarmisdiscederevelint,seadiutoreutanturlegatosqueadCaesaremmittant;sperareproeiusiustitia,quaepetierint,impetraturos", + "en": "if they are willing to lay down their arms, they may employ him as their advocate and send embassadors to Caesar: that he believed, from his [Caesar's] justice, they would obtain the things which they might request" + }, + { + "id": 6917, + "la": "AbhacsperepulsiNerviivallopedumIXetfossapedumXVhibernacingunt", + "en": "Disappointed in this hope, the Nervii surround the winter-quarters with a rampart eleven feet high, and a ditch thirteen feet in depth" + }, + { + "id": 6918, + "la": "Haecetsuperiorumannorumconsuetudineabnobiscognoverantet,quosdamdeexercituhabebantcaptivos,abeisdocebantur;", + "en": "These military works they had learned from our men in the intercourse of former years, and, having taken some of our army prisoners, were instructed by them" + }, + { + "id": 6919, + "la": "sednullaferramentorumcopiaquaeessetadhuncusumidonea,gladiiscaespitescircumcidere,manibussagulisqueterramexhaurirenitebantur", + "en": "but, as they had no supply of iron tools which are requisite for this service, they were forced to cut the turf with their swords, and to empty out the earth with their hands and cloaks" + }, + { + "id": 6920, + "la": "Quaquidemexrehominummultitudocognoscipotuit:namminushoristribusmiliumpedumXVincircuitumunitionemperfecerunt", + "en": "from which circumstance, the vast number of the men could be inferred; for in less than three hours they completed a fortification of ten miles in circumference" + }, + { + "id": 6921, + "la": "reliquisquediebusturresadaltitudinemvalli,falcestestudinesque,quasidemcaptividocuerant,parareacfacerecoeperunt", + "en": "and during the rest of the days they began to prepare and construct towers of the height of the ramparts, and grappling irons, and mantelets, which the same prisoners had taught them." + }, + { + "id": 6922, + "la": "Septimooppugnationisdiemaximocoortoventoferventesfusiliexargillaglandesfundisetfervefactaiaculaincasas,quaemoreGallicostramentiseranttectae,iacerecoeperunt", + "en": "On the seventh day of the attack, a very high wind having sprung up, they began to discharge by their slings hot balls made of burned or hardened clay, and heated javelins, upon the huts, which, after the Gallic custom, were thatched with straw" + }, + { + "id": 6923, + "la": "Haeceleriterignemcomprehenderuntetventimagnitudineinomnemlocumcastrorumdistulerunt", + "en": "These quickly took fire, and by the violence of the wind, scattered their flames in every part of the camp" + }, + { + "id": 6924, + "la": "Hostesmaximoclamoresicutipartaiamatqueexploratavictoriaturrestestudinesqueagereetscalisvallumascenderecoeperunt", + "en": "The enemy following up their success with a very loud shout, as if victory were already obtained and secured, began to advance their towers and mantelets, and climb the rampart with ladders" + }, + { + "id": 6925, + "la": "Attantamilitumvirtusatqueeapraesentiaanimifuit,ut,cumundiqueflammatorrerenturmaximaquetelorummultitudinepremerentursuaqueomniaimpedimentaatqueomnesfortunasconflagrareintellegerent,nonmododemigrandicausadevallodecederetnemo,sedpaenenerespiceretquidemquisquam,actumomnesacerrimefortissimequepugnarent", + "en": "But so great was the courage of our soldiers, and such their presence of mind, that though they were scorched on all sides, and harassed by a vast number of weapons, and were aware that their baggage and their possessions were burning, not only did no one quit the rampart for the purpose of withdrawing from the scene, but scarcely did any one even then look behind; and they all fought most vigorously and most valiantly" + }, + { + "id": 6926, + "la": "Hicdiesnostrislongegravissimusfuit;sedtamenhunchabuiteventum,uteodiemaximusnumerushostiumvulnerareturatqueinterficeretur,utsesubipsovalloconstipaverantrecessumqueprimisultiminondabant", + "en": "This day was by far the most calamitous to our men; it had this result, however, that on that day the largest number of the enemy was wounded and slain, since they had crowded beneath the very rampart, and the hindmost did not afford the foremost a retreat" + }, + { + "id": 6927, + "la": "Paulumquidemintermissaflammaetquodamlocoturriadactaetcontingentevallumtertiaecohortiscenturionesexeo,quostabant,locorecesseruntsuosqueomnesremoverunt,nutuvocibusquehostes,siintroirevellent,vocarecoeperunt;quorumprogrediaususestnemo", + "en": "The flame having abated a little, and a tower having been brought up in a particular place and touching the rampart, the centurions of the third cohort retired from the place in which they were standing, and drew off all their men: they began to call on the enemy by gestures and by words, to enter if they wished; but none of them dared to advance" + }, + { + "id": 6928, + "la": "Tumexomnipartelapidibusconiectisdeturbati,turrisquesuccensaest", + "en": "Then stones having been cast from every quarter, the enemy were dislodged, and their tower set on fire." + }, + { + "id": 6929, + "la": "Erantinealegionefortissimiviri,centuriones,quiprimisordinibusappropinquarent,TitusPulloetLuciusVorenus", + "en": "In that legion there were two very brave men, centurions, who were now approaching the first ranks, T. Pulfio, and L. Varenus" + }, + { + "id": 6930, + "la": "Hiperpetuasintersecontroversiashabebant,quinamanteferretur,omnibusqueannisdelocissummissimultatibuscontendebant", + "en": "These used to have continual disputes between them which of them should be preferred, and every year used to contend for promotion with the utmost animosity" + }, + { + "id": 6931, + "la": "ExhisPullo,cumacerrimeadmunitionespugnaretur, \"Quiddubitas,\"inquit, \"Vorene?autquemlocumtuaeprobandaevirtutisexspectas?", + "en": "When the fight was going on most vigorously before the fortifications, Pulfio, one of them, says, \"Why do you hesitate, Varenus? or what [better] opportunity of signalizing your valor do you seek" + }, + { + "id": 6932, + "la": "Hicdiesdenostriscontroversiisiudicabit.\"Haeccumdixisset,proceditextramunitionesquaqueparshostiumconfertissmaestvisairrumpit", + "en": "This very day shall decide our disputes.\" When he had uttered these words, he proceeds beyond the fortifications, and rushes on that part of the enemy which appeared the thickest" + }, + { + "id": 6933, + "la": "NeVorenusquidemtumsesevallocontinet,sedomniumveritusexistimationemsubsequitur", + "en": "Nor does Varenus remain within the rampart, but respecting the high opinion of all, follows close after" + }, + { + "id": 6934, + "la": "MediocrispatiorelictoPullopiluminhostesimmittitatqueunumexmultitudineprocurrentemtraicit;quopercussoetexanimatohuncscutisprotegunt,inhostemtelauniversiconiciuntnequedantregrediendifacultatem", + "en": "Then, when an inconsiderable space intervened, Pulfio throws his javelin at the enemy, and pierces one of the multitude who was running up, and while the latter was wounded and slain, the enemy cover him with their shields, and all throw their weapons at the other and afford him no opportunity of retreating" + }, + { + "id": 6935, + "la": "TransfigiturscutumPullonietverutuminbalteodefigitur", + "en": "The shield of Pulfio is pierced and a javelin is fastened in his belt" + }, + { + "id": 6936, + "la": "Avertithiccasusvaginametgladiumeducereconantidextrammoraturmanum,impeditumquehostescircumsistunt", + "en": "This circumstance turns aside his scabbard and obstructs his right hand when attempting to draw his sword: the enemy crowd around him when [thus] embarrassed" + }, + { + "id": 6937, + "la": "SuccurritinimicusilliVorenusetlaborantisubvenit", + "en": "His rival runs up to him and succors him in this emergency" + }, + { + "id": 6938, + "la": "AdhuncseconfestimaPulloneomnismultitudoconvertit:", + "en": "Immediately the whole host turn from Pulfio to him" + }, + { + "id": 6939, + "la": "illumverutoarbitranturoccisum.GladiocomminusremgeritVorenusatqueunointerfectoreliquospaulumpropellit;", + "en": "supposing the other to be pierced through by the javelin. Varenus rushes on briskly with his sword and carries on the combat hand to hand, and having slain one man, for a short time drove back the rest" + }, + { + "id": 6940, + "la": "dumcupidiusinstat,inlocumdeiectusinferioremconcidit.HuicrursuscircumventofertsubsidiumPullo,", + "en": "while he urges on too eagerly, slipping into a hollow, he fell. To him, in his turn, when surrounded, Pulfio brings relief" + }, + { + "id": 6941, + "la": "atqueamboincolumescompluribusinterfectissummacumlaudeseseintramunitionesrecipiunt", + "en": "nd both having slain a great number, retreat into the fortifications amid the highest applause" + }, + { + "id": 6942, + "la": "Sicfortunaincontentioneetcertamineutrumqueversavit,utalteralteriinimicusauxiliosalutiqueesset,nequediiudicariposset,uterutrivirtuteanteferendusvideretur", + "en": "Fortune so dealt with both in this rivalry and conflict, that the one competitor was a succor and a safeguard to the other, nor could it be determined which of the two appeared worthy of being preferred to the other." + }, + { + "id": 6943, + "la": "Quantoeratindiesgravioratqueasperioroppugnatio,etmaximequodmagnapartemilitumconfectavulneribusresadpaucitatemdefensorumpervenerat,tantocrebrioreslitteraenuntiiqueadCaesaremmittebantur;quorumparsdeprehensainconspectunostrorummilitumcumcruciatunecabatur", + "en": "In proportion as the attack became daily more formidable and violent, and particularly, because, as a great number of the soldiers were exhausted with wounds, the matter had come to a small number of defenders, more frequent letters and messages were sent to Caesar; a part of which messengers were taken and tortured to death in the sight of our soldiers" + }, + { + "id": 6944, + "la": "EratunusintusNerviusnomineVertico,loconatushonesto,quiaprimaobsidioneadCiceronemperfugeratsuamqueeifidempraestiterat", + "en": "There was within our camp a certain Nervian, by name Vertico, born in a distinguished position, who in the beginning of the blockade had deserted to Cicero, and had exhibited his fidelity to him" + }, + { + "id": 6945, + "la": "Hicservospelibertatismagnisquepersuadetpraemiis,utlitterasadCaesaremdeferat", + "en": "He persuades his slave, by the hope of freedom, and by great rewards, to convey a letter to Caesar" + }, + { + "id": 6946, + "la": "HasilleiniaculoilligataseffertetGallusinterGallossineullasuspicioneversatusadCaesarempervenit", + "en": "This he carries out bound about his javelin; and mixing among the Gauls without any suspicion by being a Gaul, he reaches Caesar" + }, + { + "id": 6947, + "la": "AbeodepericulisCiceronislegionisquecognoscitur", + "en": "From him they received information of the imminent danger of Cicero and the legion." + }, + { + "id": 6948, + "la": "CaesaracceptislitterishoracirciterXIdieistatimnuntiuminBellovacosadM.Crassumquaestoremmittit,cuiushibernaaberantabeomiliapassuumXXV;", + "en": "Caesar having received the letter about the eleventh hour of the day, immediately sends a messenger to the Bellovaci, to M. Crassus, questor there, whose winter-quarters were twenty-five miles distant from him" + }, + { + "id": 6949, + "la": "iubetmedianoctelegionemproficisciceleriterqueadsevenire", + "en": "He orders the legion to set forward in the middle of the night, and come to him with dispatch" + }, + { + "id": 6950, + "la": "ExitcumnuntioCrassus.AlterumadGaiumFabiumlegatummittit,utinAtrebatiumfineslegionemadducat,quasibiiterfaciendumsciebat", + "en": "Crassus sets out with the messenger. He sends another to C. Fabius, the lieutenant, ordering him to lead forth his legion into the territories of the Atrebates, to which he knew his march must be made" + }, + { + "id": 6951, + "la": "ScribitLabieno,sireipublicaecommodofacereposset,cumlegioneadfinesNerviorumveniat.Reliquampartemexercitus,quodpauloaberatlongius,nonputatexspectandam;equitescirciterquadringentosexproximishiberniscolligit", + "en": "He writes to Labienus to come with his legion to the frontiers of the Nervii, if he could do so to the advantage of the commonwealth: he does not consider that the remaining portion of the army, because it was somewhat further distant, should be waited for; but assembles about 400 horse from the nearest winter-quarters" + }, + { + "id": 6952, + "la": "HoracircitertertiaabantecursoribusdeCrassiadventucertiorfactuseodiemiliapassuumXXprocedit", + "en": "Having been apprised of the arrival of Crassus by the scouts at about the third hour, he advances twenty miles that day" + }, + { + "id": 6953, + "la": "CrassumSamarobrivaepraeficitlegionemqueattribuit,quodibiimpedimentaexercitus,obsidescivitatum,litteraspublicasfrumentumqueomnequodeotolerandaehiemiscausadevexeratrelinquebat", + "en": "He appoints Crassus over Samarobriva and assigns him a legion, because he was leaving there the baggage of the army, the hostages of the states, the public documents, and all the corn, which he had conveyed thither for passing the winter" + }, + { + "id": 6954, + "la": "Fabius,utimperatumerat,nonitamultummoratusinitinerecumlegioneoccurrit", + "en": "Fabius, without delaying a moment, meets him on the march with his legion, as he had been commanded" + }, + { + "id": 6955, + "la": "LabienusinterituSabinietcaedecohortiumcognita,cumomnesadeumTreverorumcopiaevenissent,veritus,siexhibernisfugaesimilemprofectionemfecisset,uthostiumimpetumsustinereposset,praesertimquosrecentivictoriaefferrisciret,litterasCaesariremittit,quantocumpericulolegionemexhiberniseducturusesset;remgestaminEburonibusperscribit;docetomnesequitatuspeditatusquecopiasTreverorumtriamiliapassuumlongeabsuiscastrisconsedisse", + "en": "Labienus, having learned the death of Sabinus and the destruction of the cohorts, as all the forces of the Treviri had come against him, beginning to fear lest, if he made a departure from his winter-quarters, resembling a flight, he should not be able to support the attack of the enemy, particularly since he knew them to be elated by their recent victory, sends back a letter to Caesar, informing him with what great hazard he would lead out his legion from winter-quarters; he relates at large the affairs which had taken place among the Eburones; he informs him that all the infantry and cavalry of the Treviri had encamped at a distance of only three miles from his own camp" + }, + { + "id": 6956, + "la": "Caesarconsilioeiusprobato,etsiopinionetriumlegionumdeiectusadduasredierat,tamenunumcommunissalutisauxiliuminceleritateponebat.VenitmagnisitineribusinNerviorumfines", + "en": "Caesar, approving of his motives, although he was disappointed in his expectation of three legions, and reduced to two, yet placed his only hopes of the common safety in dispatch. He goes into the territories of the Nervii by long marches" + }, + { + "id": 6957, + "la": "Ibiexcaptiviscognoscit,quaeapudCiceronemgerantur,quantoqueinpericuloressit", + "en": "There he learns from some prisoners what things are going on in the camp of Cicero, and in how great jeopardy the affair is." + }, + { + "id": 6958, + "la": "TumcuidamexequitibusGallismagnispraemiispersuadetutiadCiceronemepistolamdeferat", + "en": "Then with great rewards he induces a certain man of the Gallic horse to convey a letter to Cicero" + }, + { + "id": 6959, + "la": "HancGraecisconscriptamlitterismittit,neinterceptaepistolanostraabhostibusconsiliacognoscantur", + "en": "This he sends written inGreekcharacters, lest the letter being intercepted, our measures should be discovered by the enemy" + }, + { + "id": 6960, + "la": "Siadirenonpossit,monetuttragulamcumepistolaadamentumdeligataintramunitionemcastrorumabiciat", + "en": "He directs him, if he should be unable to enter, to throw his spear with the letter fastened to the thong, inside the fortifications of the camp" + }, + { + "id": 6961, + "la": "Inlitterisscribitsecumlegionibusprofectumceleriteradfore;hortaturutpristinamvirtutemretineat", + "en": "He writes in the letter, that he having set out with his legions, will quickly be there: he entreats him to maintain his ancient valor" + }, + { + "id": 6962, + "la": "Galluspericulumveritus,uteratpraeceptum,tragulammittit", + "en": "The Gaul apprehending danger, throws his spear as he has been directed" + }, + { + "id": 6963, + "la": "Haeccasuadturrimadhaesitnequeabnostrisbiduoanimadversatertiodieaquodammiliteconspicitur,demptaadCiceronemdefertur", + "en": "Is by chance stuck in a tower, and, not being observed by our men for two days, was seen by a certain soldier on the third day: when taken down, it was carried to Cicero" + }, + { + "id": 6964, + "la": "Illeperlectaminconventumilitumrecitatmaximaqueomneslaetitiaadficit", + "en": "He, after perusing it, reads it out in an assembly of the soldiers, and fills all with the greatest joy" + }, + { + "id": 6965, + "la": "Tumfumiincendiorumproculvidebantur;quaeresomnemdubitationemadventuslegionumexpulit", + "en": "Then the smoke of the fires was seen in the distance, a circumstance which banished all doubt of the arrival of the legions." + }, + { + "id": 6966, + "la": "Gallirecognitaperexploratoresobsidionemrelinquunt,adCaesaremomnibuscopiiscontendunt.HaeerantarmatacircitermiliaLX", + "en": "The Gauls, having discovered the matter through their scouts, abandon the blockade, and march toward Caesar with all their forces; these were about 60,000 armed men" + }, + { + "id": 6967, + "la": "CicerodatafacultateGallumabeodemVerticone,quemsuprademonstravimus,repetit,quilitterasadCaesaremdeferat;huncadmonet,itercautediligenterquefaciat:", + "en": "Cicero, an opportunity being now afforded, again begs of that Vertico, the Gaul, whom we mentioned above, to convey back a letter to Caesar; he advises him to perform his journey warily" + }, + { + "id": 6968, + "la": "perscribitinlitterishostesabsediscessisseomnemqueadeummultitudinemconvertisse", + "en": "he writes in the letter that the enemy had departed and had turned their entire force against him" + }, + { + "id": 6969, + "la": "QuibuslitteriscircitermedianocteCaesaradlatissuosfacitcertioreseosqueaddimicandumanimoconfirmat", + "en": "When this letter was brought to him about the middle of the night, Caesar apprises his soldiers of its contents, and inspires them with courage for fighting" + }, + { + "id": 6970, + "la": "Posterodieluceprimamovetcastraetcircitermiliapassuumquattuorprogressustransvallemetrivummultitudinemhostiumconspicatur", + "en": "the following day, at the dawn, he moves his camp, and, having proceeded four miles, he espies the forces of the enemy on the other side of a considerable valley and rivulet" + }, + { + "id": 6971, + "la": "Eratmagnipericulirestantuliscopiisiniquolocodimicare;tum,quoniamobsidioneliberatumCiceronemsciebat,aequoanimoremittendumdeceleritateexistimabat:", + "en": "It was an affair of great danger to fight with such large forces in a disadvantageous situation. For the present, therefore, inasmuch as he knew that Cicero was released from the blockade, and thought that he might, on that account, relax his speed" + }, + { + "id": 6972, + "la": "conseditetquamaequissimolocopotestcastracommunitatquehaec,etsierantexiguapersevixhominummiliumseptempraesertimnulliscumimpedimentis,tamenangustiisviarumquammaximepotestcontrahit,eoconsilio,utinsummamcontemptionemhostibusveniat", + "en": "he halted there and fortifies a camp in the most favorable position he can. And this, though it was small in itself, [there being] scarcely 7,000 men, and these too without baggage, still by the narrowness of the passages, he contracts as much as he can, with this object, that he may come into the greatest contempt with the enemy" + }, + { + "id": 6973, + "la": "Interimspeculatoribusinomnespartesdimissisexploratquocommodissimeitinerevallemtransirepossit", + "en": "In the mean while scouts having been sent in all directions, he examines by what most convenient path he might cross the valley" + }, + { + "id": 6974, + "la": "Eodieparvulisequestribusproeliisadaquamfactisutriquesesesuolococontinent:", + "en": "That day, slight skirmishes of cavalry having taken place near the river, both armies kept in their own positions" + }, + { + "id": 6975, + "la": "Galli,quodampliorescopias,", + "en": "the Gauls, because they were awaiting larger forces" + }, + { + "id": 6976, + "la": "quaenondumconvenerant,exspectabant;Caesar,sifortetimorissimulationehostesinsuumlocumelicereposset,utcitravallemprocastrisproeliocontenderet,siidefficerenonposset,", + "en": "which had not then arrived; Caesar, [to see] if perchance by pretense of fear he could allure the enemy toward his position, so that he might engage in battle, in front of his camp, on this side of the valley; if he could not accomplish this" + }, + { + "id": 6977, + "la": "utexploratisitineribusminorecumpericulovallemrivumquetransiret.Primalucehostiumequitatusadcastraacceditproeliumquecumnostrisequitibuscommittit", + "en": "that, having inquired about the passes, he might cross the valley and the river with the less hazard. At daybreak the cavalry of the enemy approaches to the camp and joins battle with our horse" + }, + { + "id": 6978, + "la": "Caesarconsultoequitescederesequeincastrarecipereiubet,simulexomnibuspartibuscastraaltiorevallomuniriportasqueobstruiatqueinhisadministrandisrebusquammaximeconcursarietcumsimulationeagitimorisiubet", + "en": "Caesar orders the horse to give way purposely, and retreat to the camp: at the same time he orders the camp to be fortified with a higher rampart in all directions, the gates to be barricaded, and in executing these things as much confusion to be shown as possible, and to perform them under the pretense of fear" + }, + { + "id": 6979, + "la": "Quibusomnibusrebushostesinvitaticopiastraducuntaciemqueiniquolococonstituunt,nostrisveroetiamdevallodeductispropiusacceduntettelaintramunitionemexomnibuspartibusconiciunt", + "en": "Induced by all these things, the enemy lead over their forces and draw up their line in a disadvantageous position; and as our men also had been led down from the ramparts, they approach nearer, and throw their weapons into the fortification from all sides" + }, + { + "id": 6980, + "la": "praeconibusquecircummissispronuntiariiubent,seuquisGallusseuRomanusvelitantehoramtertiamadsetransire,sinepericulolicere;postidtempusnonforepotestatem:", + "en": "and sending heralds round, order it to be proclaimed that, if \"any, either Gaul or Roman, was willing to go over to them before the third hour, it was permitted; after that time there would not be permission" + }, + { + "id": 6981, + "la": "acsicnostroscontempserunt,utobstructisinspeciemportissingulisordinibuscaespitum,quodeanonposseintrorumperevidebantur,aliivallummanuscindere,aliifossascomplereinciperent", + "en": "and so much did they disregard our men, that the gates having been blocked up with single rows of turf as a mere appearance, because they did not seem able to burst in that way, some began to pull down the rampart with their hands, others to fill up the trenches" + }, + { + "id": 6982, + "la": "TumCaesaromnibusportiseruptionefactaequitatuqueemissoceleriterhostesinfugamdat,sicutiomninopugnandicausaresisteretnemo,magnumqueexeisnumerumocciditatqueomnesarmisexuit", + "en": "Then Caesar, making a sally from all the gates, and sending out the cavalry, soon puts the enemy to flight, so that no one at all stood his ground with the intention of fighting; and he slew a great number of them, and deprived all of their arms." + }, + { + "id": 6983, + "la": "Longiusprosequiveritus,quodsilvaepaludesqueintercedebantnequeetiamparvulodetrimentoillorumlocumrelinquividebat,omnibussuisincolumibuscopiiseodemdieadCiceronempervenit", + "en": "Caesar, fearing to pursue them very far, because woods and morasses intervened, and also [because] he saw that they suffered no small loss in abandoning their position, reaches Cicero the same day with all his forces safe" + }, + { + "id": 6984, + "la": "Institutasturres,testudinesmunitionesquehostiumadmiratur;legioneproductacognoscitnondecimumquemqueessereliquummilitemsinevulnere:", + "en": "He witnesses with surprise the towers, mantelets, and [other] fortifications belonging to the enemy: the legion having been drawn out, he finds that even every tenth soldier had not escaped without wounds" + }, + { + "id": 6985, + "la": "exhisomnibusiudicatrebus,quantocumpericuloetquantacumvirtuteressintadministratae", + "en": "From all these things he judges with what danger and with what great courage matters had been conducted" + }, + { + "id": 6986, + "la": "Ciceronemproeiusmeritolegionemquecollaudat;centurionessingillatimtribunosquemilitumappellat,quorumegregiamfuissevirtutemtestimonioCiceroniscognoverat.DecasuSabinietCottaecertiusexcaptiviscognoscit", + "en": "he commends Cicero according to his desert, and likewise the legion; he addresses individually the centurions and the tribunes of the soldiers, whose valor he had discovered to have been signal. He receives information of the death of Sabinus and Cotta from the prisoners" + }, + { + "id": 6987, + "la": "Posterodiecontionehabitaremgestamproponit,militesconsolaturetconfirmat:", + "en": "An assembly being held the following day, he states the occurrence; he consoles and encourages the soldiers" + }, + { + "id": 6988, + "la": "quoddetrimentumculpaettemeritatelegatisitacceptum,hocaequioreanimoferendumdocet,quodbeneficiodeorumimmortaliumetvirtuteeorumexpiatoincommodonequehostibusdiutinalaetationequeipsislongiordolorrelinquatur", + "en": "he suggests, that the disaster, which had been occasioned by the misconduct and rashness of his lieutenant, should be borne with a patient mind, because by the favor of the immortal gods and their own valor, neither was lasting joy left to the enemy, nor very lasting grief to them." + }, + { + "id": 6989, + "la": "InterimadLabienumperRemosincredibiliceleritatedevictoriaCaesarisfamaperfertur,ut,cumabhibernisCiceronismiliapassuumabessetcirciterLX,eoqueposthoramnonamdieiCaesarpervenisset,antemediamnoctemadportascastrorumclamororeretur,quoclamoresignificatiovictoriaegratulatioqueabRemisLabienofieret", + "en": "In the mean while the report respecting the victory of Caesar is conveyed to Labienus through the country of the Remi with incredible speed, so that, though he was about sixty miles distant from the winter-quarter of Cicero, and Caesar had arrived there after the ninth hour, before midnight a shout arose at the gates of the camp, by which shout an indication of the victory and a congratulation on the part of the Remi were given to Labienus" + }, + { + "id": 6990, + "la": "HacfamaadTreverosperlataIndutiomarus,quiposterodiecastraLabienioppugnaredecreverat,noctuprofugitcopiasqueomnesinTreverosreducit", + "en": "This report having been carried to the Treviri , Indutiomarus, who had resolved to attack the camp of Labienus the following day, flies by night and leads back all his forces into the country of the Treviri" + }, + { + "id": 6991, + "la": "CaesarFabiumcumsualegioneremittitinhiberna,ipsecumtribuslegionibuscircumSamarobrivamtrinishibernishiemareconstituitet,quodtantimotusGalliaeexstiterant,totamhiememipseadexercitummaneredecrevit", + "en": "Caesar sends back Fabius with his legion to his winter-quarters; he himself determines to winter with three legions near Samarobriva in three different quarters, and, because such great commotions had arisen in Gaul, he resolved to remain during the whole winter with the army himself" + }, + { + "id": 6992, + "la": "NamilloincommododeSabinimorteperlatoomnesfereGalliaecivitatesdebelloconsultabant,nuntioslegationesqueinomnespartesdimittebantetquidreliquiconsilicaperentatqueundeinitiumbellifieretexplorabantnocturnaqueinlocisdesertisconciliahabebant", + "en": "For the disaster respecting the death of Sabinus having been circulated among them, almost all the states of Gaul were deliberating about war, sending messengers and embassies into all quarters, inquiring what further measure they should take, and holding councils by night in secluded places" + }, + { + "id": 6993, + "la": "NequeullumferetotiushiemistempussinesollicitudineCaesarisintercessit,quinaliquemdeconsiliisacmotuGallorumnuntiumacciperet", + "en": "Nor did any period of the whole winter pass over without fresh anxiety to Caesar, or, without his receiving some intelligence respecting the meetings and commotions of the Gauls" + }, + { + "id": 6994, + "la": "InhisabLucioRoscio,quemlegionitertiaedecimaepraefecerat,certiorfactusestmagnasGallorumcopiasearumcivitatum,quaeArmoricaeappellantur,oppugnandisuicausaconvenisse", + "en": "Among these, he is informed by L. Roscius, the lieutenant whom he had placed over the thirteenth legion, that large forces of those states of the Gauls, which are called the Armoricae, had assembled for the purpose of attacking him" + }, + { + "id": 6995, + "la": "quelongiusmiliapassuumoctoabhibernissuisafuisse,sednuntioallatodevictoriaCaesarisdiscessisse,adeoutfugaesimilisdiscessusvideretur", + "en": "and were not more than eight miles distant; but intelligence respecting the victory of Caesar being carried [to them], had retreated in such a manner that their departure appeared like a flight" + }, + { + "id": 6996, + "la": "AtCaesarprincipibuscuiusquecivitatisadseevocatisaliasterritando,cumsescirequaefierentdenuntiaret,aliascohortandomagnampartemGalliaeinofficiotenuit", + "en": "But Caesar, having summoned to him the principal persons of each state, in one case by alarming them, since he declared that he knew what was going on, and in another case by encouraging them, retained a great part of Gaul in its allegiance" + }, + { + "id": 6997, + "la": "TamenSenones,quaeestcivitasinprimisfirmaetmagnaeinterGallosauctoritatis,Cavarinum,quemCaesarapudeosregemconstituerat,cuiusfraterMoritasgusadventuinGalliamCaesariscuiusquemaioresregnumobtinuerant,interficerepublicoconsilioconati,cumillepraesensissetacprofugisset,usqueadfinesinsecuti", + "en": "The Senones , however, which is a state eminently powerful and one of great influence among the Gauls, attempting by general design to slay Cavarinus, whom Caesar had created king among them (whose brother, Moritasgus, had held the sovereignty at the period of the arrival of Caesar in Gaul, and whose ancestors had also previously held it), when he discovered their plot and fled, pursued him even to the frontiers" + }, + { + "id": 6998, + "la": "regnodomoqueexpuleruntet,missisadCaesaremsatisfaciendicausalegatis,cumisomnemadsesenatumvenireiussisset,dictoaudientesnonfuerunt", + "en": "and drove him from his kingdom and his home; and, after having sent embassadors to Caesar for the purpose of concluding a peace, when he ordered all their senate to come to him, did not obey that command" + }, + { + "id": 6999, + "la": "Actantumapudhominesbarbarosvaluitessealiquosrepertosprincipesinferendibellitantamqueomnibusvoluntatumcommutationemattulit,utpraeterAeduosetRemos,quospraecipuosemperhonoreCaesarhabuit,alterosprovetereacperpetuaergapopulumRomanumfide,alterosprorecentibusGallicibelliofficiis,nullaferecivitasfueritnonsuspectanobis", + "en": "nd so great a change of inclinations did it produce in all, that, except the Aedui and the Remi, whom Caesar had always held in especial honor, the one people for their long standing and uniform fidelity toward the Roman people, the other for their late service in the Gallic war, there was scarcely a state which was not suspected by us" + }, + { + "id": 7000, + "la": "Idqueadeohaudsciomirandumnesit,cumcompluribusaliisdecausis,tummaximequodei,quivirtutebelliomnibusgentibuspraeferebantur,tantumseeiusopinionisdeperdidisseutapopuloRomanoimperiaperferrentgravissimedolebant", + "en": "And I do not know whether that ought much to be wondered at, as well for several other reasons, as particularly because they who ranked above all nations for prowess in war, most keenly regretted that they had lost so much of that reputation as to submit to commands from the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 7001, + "la": "TreveriveroatqueIndutiomarustotiushiemisnullumtempusintermiserunt,quintransRhenumlegatosmitterent,civitatessollicitarent,pecuniaspollicerentur,magnaparteexercitusnostriinterfectamultominoremsuperessedicerentpartem", + "en": "But the Triviri and Indutiomarus let no part of the entire winter pass without sending embassadors across the Rhine , importuning the states, promising money, and asserting that, as a large portion of our army had been cut off, a much smaller portion remained" + }, + { + "id": 7002, + "la": "NequetamenullicivitatiGermanorumpersuaderipotuit,utRhenumtransiret,cumsebisexpertosdicerent,AriovistibelloetTencterorumtransitu:nonesseampliusfortunamtemptaturos.HacspelapsusIndutiomarusnihilominuscopiascogere,", + "en": "However, none of the German States could be induced to cross the Rhine , since \"they had twice essayed it,\" they said, \"in the war with Ariovistus and in the passage of the Tenchtheri there; that fortune was not to be tempted any more.\" Indutiomarus disappointed in this expectation, nevertheless began to raise troops" + }, + { + "id": 7003, + "la": "exercere,afinitimisequosparare,exulesdamnatosquetotaGalliamagnispraemiisadseallicerecoepit", + "en": "and discipline them, and procure horses from the neighboring people, and allure to him by great rewards the outlaws and convicts throughout Gaul" + }, + { + "id": 7004, + "la": "ActantamsibiiamhisrebusinGalliaauctoritatemcomparaveratutundiqueadeumlegationesconcurrerent,gratiamatqueamicitiampubliceprivatimquepeterent", + "en": "And such great influence had he already acquired for himself in Gaul by these means, that embassies were flocking to him in all directions, and seeking, publicly and privately, his favor and friendship." + }, + { + "id": 7005, + "la": "Ubiintellexitultroadseveniri,alteraexparteSenonesCarnutesqueconscientiafacinorisinstigari,alteraNerviosAduatucosquebellumRomanisparare,nequesibivoluntariorumcopiasdefore,siexfinibussuisprogredicoepisset,armatumconciliumindicit.HocmoreGallorumestinitiumbelli,", + "en": "When he perceived that they were coming to him voluntarily; that on the one side the Senones and the Carnutes were stimulated by their consciousness of guilt, on the other side the Nervii and the Aduatuci were preparing war against the Romans, and that forces of volunteers would not be wanting to him if he began to advance from his own territories, he proclaims an armed council (this according to the custom of the Gauls in the commencement of war" + }, + { + "id": 7006, + "la": "quolegecommuniomnespuberesarmaticonvenireconsuerunt;quiexeisnovissimusconvenit,inconspectumultitudinisomnibuscruciatibusaffectusnecatur", + "en": "at which, by a common law, all the youth were wont to assemble in arms, whoever of them comes last is killed in the sight of the whole assembly after being racked with every torture" + }, + { + "id": 7007, + "la": "IneoconcilioCingetorigem,alteriusprincipemfactionis,generumsuum,quemsuprademonstravimusCaesarissecutumfidemabeonondiscessisse,hostemiudicatbonaqueeiuspublicat", + "en": "In that council he declares Cingetorix, the leader of the other faction, his own son-in-law (whom we have above mentioned, as having embraced the protection of Caesar, and never having deserted him) an enemy and confiscates his property" + }, + { + "id": 7008, + "la": "Hisrebusconfectis,inconciliopronuntiatarcessitumseaSenonibusetCarnutibusaliisquecompluribusGalliaecivitatibus;", + "en": "When these things were finished, he asserts in the council that he, invited by the Senones and the Carnutes, and several other states of Gaul" + }, + { + "id": 7009, + "la": "huciturumperfinesRemorumeorumqueagrospopulaturumac,priusquamidfaciat,castraLabienioppugnaturum.Quaefierivelitpraecipit", + "en": "was about to march thither through the territories of the Remi, devastate their lands, and attack the camp of Labienus: before he does that, he informs them of what he desires to be done." + }, + { + "id": 7010, + "la": "Labienus,cumetlocinaturaetmanumunitissumiscastrisseseteneret,desuoaclegionispericulonihiltimebat;nequamoccasionemreibenegerendaedimitteret,cogitabat", + "en": "Labienus, since he was confining himself within a camp strongly fortified by the nature of the ground and by art, had no apprehensions as to his own and the legion's danger, but was devising that he might throw away no opportunity of conducting the war successfully" + }, + { + "id": 7011, + "la": "ItaqueaCingetorigeatqueeiuspropinquisorationeIndutiomaricognita,quaminconciliohabuerat,nuntiosmittitadfinitimascivitatesequitesqueundiqueevocat:hiscertumdiemconveniendidicit", + "en": "Accordingly, the speech of Indutiomarus, which he had delivered in the council, having been made known [to him] by Cingetorix and his allies, he sends messengers to the neighboring states and summons horse from all quarters: he appoints to them a fixed day for assembling" + }, + { + "id": 7012, + "la": "InterimpropecotidiecumomniequitatuIndutiomarussubcastriseiusvagabatur,aliasutsitumcastrorumcognosceret,aliascolloquendiautterritandicausa:equitesplerumqueomnestelaintravallumconiciebant", + "en": "In the mean time, Indutiomarus, with all his cavalry, nearly every day used to parade close to his [Labienus'] camp; at one time, that he might inform himself of the situation of the camp; at another time, for the purpose of conferring with or of intimidating him" + }, + { + "id": 7013, + "la": "Labienussuosintramunitionemcontinebattimorisqueopinionem,quibuscumquepoteratrebus,augebat", + "en": "Labienus confined his men within the fortifications, and promoted the enemy's belief of his fear by whatever methods he could." + }, + { + "id": 7014, + "la": "CummaioreindiescontemptioneIndutiomarusadcastraaccederet,nocteunaintromissisequitibusomniumfinitimarumcivitatumquosarcessendoscuraverat,tantadiligentiaomnessuoscustodiisintracastracontinuit,utnullarationeearesenuntiariautadTreverosperferriposset", + "en": "Since Indutiomarus was daily advancing up to the camp with greater defiance, all the cavalry of the neighboring states which he [Labienus] had taken care to have sent for, having been admitted in one night, he confined all his men within the camp by guards with such great strictness, that that fact could by no means be reported or carried to the Treviri" + }, + { + "id": 7015, + "la": "InterimexconsuetudinecotidianaIndutiomarusadcastraacceditatqueibimagnampartemdieiconsumit;equitestelaconiciuntetmagnacumcontumeliaverborumnostrosadpugnamevocant", + "en": "In the mean while, Indutiomarus, according to his daily practice, advances up to the camp and spends a great part of the day there: his horse cast their weapons, and with very insulting language call out our men to battle" + }, + { + "id": 7016, + "la": "Nulloabnostrisdatoresponso,ubivisumest,subvesperumdispersiacdissipatidiscedunt", + "en": "No reply being given by our men, the enemy, when they thought proper, depart toward evening in a disorderly and scattered manner" + }, + { + "id": 7017, + "la": "SubitoLabienusduabusportisomnemequitatumemittit;praecipitatqueinterdicit,proterritishostibusatqueinfugamconiectis(quodfore,sicutaccidit,videbat)unumomnespeterentIndutiomarum,neuquisquempriusvulneret,quamilluminterfectumviderit,quodmorareliquorumspatiumnactumillumeffugerenolebat;magnaproponiteisquiocciderintpraemia;", + "en": "Labienus unexpectedly sends out all the cavalry by two gates; he gives this command and prohibition, that, when the enemy should be terrified and put to flight (which he foresaw would happen, as it did), they should all make for Indutiomarus, and no one wound any man before he should have seen him slain, because he was unwilling that he should escape, in consequence of gaining time by the delay [occasioned by the pursuit] of the rest. He offers great rewards for those who should kill him" + }, + { + "id": 7018, + "la": "summittitcohortesequitibussubsidio", + "en": "he sends up the cohorts as a relief to the horse" + }, + { + "id": 7019, + "la": "Comprobathominisconsiliumfortuna,etcumunumomnespeterent,inipsofluminisvadodeprehensusIndutiomarusinterficitur,caputqueeiusreferturincastra:redeuntesequitesquospossuntconsectanturatqueoccidunt", + "en": "The issue justifies the policy of the man, and since all aimed at one, Indutiomarus is slain, having been overtaken at the very ford of the river, and his head is carried to the camp, the horse, when returning, pursue and slay all whom they can" + }, + { + "id": 7020, + "la": "HacrecognitaomnesEburonumetNerviorumquaeconvenerantcopiaediscedunt,pauloquehabuitpostidfactumCaesarquietioremGalliam", + "en": "This affair having been known, all the forces of the Eburones and the Nervii which had assembled, depart; and for a short time after this action, Caesar was less harassed in the government of Gaul." + }, + { + "id": 7021, + "la": "MultisdecausisCaesarmaioremGalliaemotumexspectansperMarcumSilanum,GaiumAntistiumReginum,TitumSextiumlegatosdelectumhabereinstituit", + "en": "Caesar, expecting for many reasons a greater commotion in Gaul, resolves to hold a levy by the means of M. Silanus C. Antistius Reginus, and T. Sextius, his lieutenants" + }, + { + "id": 7022, + "la": "SimulabGnaeoPompeioproconsulepetit,quoniamipseadurbemcumimperioreipublicaecausaremaneret,quosexCisalpinaGalliaconsulissacramentorogavisset,", + "en": "at the same time he requested Cn. Pompey, the proconsul, that since he was remaining near the city invested with military command for the interests of the commonwealth, he would command those men whom when consul [55 B.C.] he had levied by the military oath inCisalpine Gaul," + }, + { + "id": 7023, + "la": "adsignaconvenireetadseproficisciiuberet,magniinteresseetiaminreliquumtempusadopinionemGalliaeexistimanstantasvideriItaliaefacultatesut,siquidessetinbellodetrimentiacceptum,nonmodoidbrevitemporesarciri,sedetiammaioribusaugericopiisposset", + "en": "to join their respective corps, and to proceed to him; thinking it of great importance, as far as regarded the opinion which the Gauls would entertain for the future, that that the resources of Italy should appear so great that if any loss should be sustained in war, not only could it be repaired in a short time, but likewise be further supplied by still larger forces" + }, + { + "id": 7024, + "la": "QuodcumPompeiusetreipublicaeetamicitiaetribuisset,celeriterconfectopersuosdilectutribusanteexactamhiememetconstitutisetadductislegionibusduplicatoqueearumcohortiumnumero,quascumQuintoTiturioamiserat,etceleritateetcopiisdocuit,quidpopuliRomanidisciplinaatqueopespossent", + "en": "And when Pompey had granted this to the interests of the commonwealth and the claims of friendship, Caesar having quickly completed the levy by means of his lieutenants, after three regiments had been both formed and brought to him before the winter [had] expired, and the number of those cohorts which he had lost under Q. Titurius had been doubled, taught the Gauls, both by his dispatch and by his forces what the discipline and the power of the Roman people could accomplish" + }, + { + "id": 7025, + "la": "InterfectoIndutiomaro,utdocuimus,adeiuspropinquosaTreverisimperiumdefertur.IllifinitimosGermanossollicitareetpecuniampollicerinondesistunt.Cumabproximisimpetrarenonpossent,", + "en": "Indutiomarus having been slain, as we have stated, the government was conferred upon his relatives by the Treviri . They cease not to importune the neighboring Germans and to promise them money: when they could not obtain [their object] from those nearest them" + }, + { + "id": 7026, + "la": "ulteriorestemptant.Inventisnonnulliscivitatibusiureiurandointerseconfirmantobsidibusquedepecuniacavent:Ambiorigemsibisocietateetfoedereadiungunt", + "en": "they try those more remote. Having found some states willing to accede to their wishes, they enter into a compact with them by a mutual oath, and give hostages as a security for the money: they attach Ambiorix to them by an alliance and confederacy" + }, + { + "id": 7027, + "la": "QuibusrebuscognitisCaesar,cumundiquebellumpararivideret,Nervios,AduatucosacMenapiosadiunctisCisrhenanisomnibusGermanisesseinarmis,SenonesadimperatumnonvenireetcumCarnutibusfinitimisquecivitatibusconsiliacommunicare,aTreverisGermanoscrebrislegationibussollicitari,maturiussibidebellocogitandumputavit", + "en": "Caesar, on being informed of their acts, since he saw that war was being prepared on all sides, that the Nervii, Aduatuci, and Menapii, with the addition of all the Germans on this side of the Rhine were under arms, that the Senones did not assemble according to his command, and were concerting measures with the Carnutes and the neighboring states, that the Germans were importuned by the Treviri in frequent embassies, thought that he ought to take measures for the war earlier [than usual]" + }, + { + "id": 7028, + "la": "ItaquenondumhiemeconfectaproximisquattuorcoactislegionibusdeimprovisoinfinesNerviorumcontenditet,", + "en": "Accordingly, while the winter was not yet ended, having concentrated the four nearest legions, he marched unexpectedly into the territories of the Nervii, and" + }, + { + "id": 7029, + "la": "priusquamilliautconvenireautprofugerepossent,magnopecorisatquehominumnumerocaptoatqueeapraedamilitibusconcessavastatisqueagrisindeditionemvenireatqueobsidessibidarecoegit", + "en": "before they could either assemble or retreat, after capturing a large number of cattle and of men, and wasting their lands and giving up that booty to the soldiers, compelled them to enter into a surrender and give him hostages" + }, + { + "id": 7030, + "la": "Eoceleriterconfectonegotiorursusinhibernalegionesreduxit", + "en": "That business having been speedily executed, he again led his legions back into winter-quarters" + }, + { + "id": 7031, + "la": "ConcilioGalliaeprimovere,utinstituerat,indicto,cumreliquipraeterSenones,CarnutesTreverosquevenissent,initiumbelliacdefectionishocessearbitratus,utomniapostponerevideretur,conciliumLutetiamParisiorumtransfert", + "en": "Having proclaimed a council of Gaul in the beginning of the spring, as he had been accustomed [to do], when the deputies from the rest, except the Senones , the Carnutes, and the Treviri , had come, judging this to be the commencement of war and revolt, that he might appear to consider all things of less consequence [than that war], he transfers the council to Lutetia of the Parisii" + }, + { + "id": 7032, + "la": "ConfineseranthiSenonibuscivitatemquepatrummemoriaconiunxerant,sedabhocconsilioafuisseexistimabantur", + "en": "These were adjacent to the Senones , and had united their state to them during the memory of their fathers, but were thought to have no part in the present plot" + }, + { + "id": 7033, + "la": "HacreprosuggestupronuntiataeodemdiecumlegionibusinSenonesproficisciturmagnisqueitineribuseopervenit", + "en": "Having proclaimed this from the tribunal, he advances the same day toward the Senones with his legions, and arrives among them by long marches." + }, + { + "id": 7034, + "la": "CognitoeiusadventuAcco,quiprincepseiusconsilifuerat,iubetinoppidamultitudinemconvenire.Conantibus,priusquamidefficiposset,adesseRomanosnuntiatur", + "en": "Acco, who had been the author of that enterprise, on being informed of his arrival, orders the people to assemble in the towns; to them, while attempting this, and before it could be accomplished, news is brought that the Romans are close at hand" + }, + { + "id": 7035, + "la": "NecessariosententiadesistuntlegatosquedeprecandicausaadCaesaremmittunt:adeuntperAeduos,quorumantiquituseratinfidecivitas", + "en": "through necessity they give over their design and send embassadors to Caesar for the purpose of imploring pardon; they make advances to him through the Aedui, whose state was from ancient times under the protection of Rome" + }, + { + "id": 7036, + "la": "LibenterCaesarpetentibusAeduisdatveniamexcusationemqueaccipit,quodaestivumtempusinstantisbelli,nonquaestionisessearbitrabatur", + "en": "Caesar readily grants them pardon, and receives their excuse, at the request of the Aedui, because he thought that the summer season was one for an impending war, not for an investigation" + }, + { + "id": 7037, + "la": "ObsidibusimperatiscentumhosAeduiscustodiendostradit", + "en": "Having imposed one hundred hostages, he delivers these to the Aedui to be held in charge by them" + }, + { + "id": 7038, + "la": "EodemCarnuteslegatosobsidesquemittuntusideprecatoribusRemis,quorumerantinclientela:eademferuntresponsa", + "en": "To the same place the Carnutes send embassadors and hostages, employing as their mediators the Remi, under whose protection they were: they receive the same answers" + }, + { + "id": 7039, + "la": "PeragitconciliumCaesarequitesqueimperatcivitatibus", + "en": "Caesar concludes the council and imposes a levy of cavalry on the states." + }, + { + "id": 7040, + "la": "HacparteGalliaepacatatotusetmenteetanimoinbellumTreverorumetAmbiorigisinsistit", + "en": "This part of Gaul having been tranquilized, he applies himself entirely both in mind and soul to the war with the Treviri and Ambiorix" + }, + { + "id": 7041, + "la": "CavarinumcumequitatuSenonumsecumproficisciiubet,nequisautexhuiusiracundiaautexeo,quodmeruerat,odiocivitatismotusexsistat", + "en": "e orders Cavarinus to march with him with the cavalry of the Senones , lest any commotion should arise either out of his hot temper, or out of the hatred of the state which he had incurred" + }, + { + "id": 7042, + "la": "Hisrebusconstitutis,quodproexploratohabebatAmbiorigemproeliononesseconcertaturum,reliquaeiusconsiliaanimocircumspiciebat", + "en": "After arranging these things, as he considered it certain that Ambiorix would not contend in battle, he watched his other plans attentively" + }, + { + "id": 7043, + "la": "ErantMenapiipropinquiEburonumfinibus,perpetuispaludibussilvisquemuniti,quiuniexGalliadepaceadCaesaremlegatosnumquammiserant.CumhisessehospitiumAmbiorigisciebat;itemperTreverosvenisseGermanisinamicitiamcognoverat", + "en": "The Menapii bordered on the territories of the Eburones, and were protected by one continued extent of morasses and woods; and they alone out of Gaul had never sent embassadors to Caesar on the subject of peace. Caesar knew that a tie of hospitality subsisted between them and Ambiorix: he also discovered that the latter had entered into an alliance with the Germans by means of the Treviri" + }, + { + "id": 7044, + "la": "Haecpriusillidetrahendaauxiliaexistimabatquamipsumbellolacesseret,nedesperatasaluteautseinMenapiosabderetautcumTransrhenaniscongredicogeretur", + "en": "He thought that these auxiliaries ought to be detached from him before he provoked him to war; lest he, despairing of safety, should either proceed to conceal himself in the territories of the Menapii, or should be driven to coalesce with the Germans beyond the Rhine" + }, + { + "id": 7045, + "la": "HocinitoconsiliototiusexercitusimpedimentaadLabienuminTreverosmittitduasquelegionesadeumproficisciiubet;ipsecumlegionibusexpeditisquinqueinMenapiosproficiscitur", + "en": "Having entered upon this resolution, he sends the baggage of the whole army to Labienus, in the territories of the Treviri and orders two legions to proceed to him: he himself proceeds against the Menapii with five lightly-equipped legion" + }, + { + "id": 7046, + "la": "Illinullacoactamanulocipraesidiofretiinsilvaspaludesqueconfugiuntsuaqueeodemconferunt", + "en": "They, having assembled no troops, as they relied on the defense of their position, retreat into the woods and morasses, and convey thither all their property." + }, + { + "id": 7047, + "la": "CaesarpartitiscopiiscumGaioFabiolegatoetMarcoCrassoquaestoreceleriterqueeffectispontibusadittripertito,aedificiavicosqueincendit,magnopecorisatquehominumnumeropotitur", + "en": "Caesar, having divided his forces with C. Fabius, his lieutenant, and M. Crassus his questor, and having hastily constructed some bridges, enters their country in three divisions, burns their houses and villages, and gets possession of a large number of cattle and men" + }, + { + "id": 7048, + "la": "QuibusrebuscoactiMenapiilegatosadeumpacispetendaecausamittunt", + "en": "Constrained by these circumstances the Menapii send embassadors to him for the purpose of suing for peace" + }, + { + "id": 7049, + "la": "Illeobsidibusacceptishostiumsehabiturumnumeroconfirmat,siautAmbiorigemauteiuslegatosfinibussuisrecepissent.HisconfirmatisrebusCommiumAtrebatemcumequitatucustodislocoinMenapiisrelinquit;ipseinTreverosproficiscitur", + "en": "He, after receiving hostages, assures them that he will consider them in the number of his enemies if they shall receive within their territories either Ambiorix or his embassadors. Having determinately settled these things, he left among the Menapii, Commius the Atrebatian, with some cavalry as a guard; he himself proceeds toward the Treviri ." + }, + { + "id": 7050, + "la": "DumhaecaCaesaregeruntur,TreverimagniscoactispeditatusequitatusquecopiisLabienumcumunalegione,quaeineorumfinibushiemaverat,adoririparabant", + "en": "While these things are being performed by Caesar, the Treviri , having drawn together large forces of infantry and cavalry, were preparing to attack Labienus and the legion which was wintering in their territories" + }, + { + "id": 7051, + "la": "Iamqueabeononlongiusbiduiviaaberant,cumduasvenisselegionesmissuCaesariscognoscunt", + "en": "and were already not further distant from him than a journey of two days, when they learn that two legions had arrived by the order of Caesar" + }, + { + "id": 7052, + "la": "PositiscastrisamilibuspassuumXVauxiliaGermanorumexspectareconstituunt", + "en": "Having pitched their camp fifteen miles off, they resolve to await the support of the Germans" + }, + { + "id": 7053, + "la": "Labienushostiumcognitoconsiliosperanstemeritateeorumforealiquamdimicandifacultatempraesidioquinquecohortiumimpedimentisrelictocumvigintiquinquecohortibusmagnoqueequitatucontrahostemproficiscituretmillepassuumintermissospatiocastracommunit", + "en": "Labienus, having learned the design of the enemy, hoping that through their rashness there would be some opportunity of engaging, after leaving a guard of five cohorts for the baggage, advances against the enemy with twenty-five cohorts and a large body of cavalry, and, leaving the space of a mile between them, fortifies his camp" + }, + { + "id": 7054, + "la": "EratinterLabienumatquehostemdifficilitransituflumenripisquepraeruptis.Hocnequeipsetransirehabebatinanimonequehostestransiturosexistimabat", + "en": "There was between Labienus and the enemy a river difficult to cross, and with steep banks: this neither did he himself design to cross, nor did he suppose the enemy would cross it" + }, + { + "id": 7055, + "la": "Augebaturauxiliorumcotidiespes.Loquiturinconciliopalam,quoniamGermaniappropinquaredicantur,sesesuasexercitusquefortunasindubiumnondevocaturumetposterodieprimalucecastramoturum.Celeriterhaecadhostesdeferuntur,", + "en": "Their hope of auxiliaries was daily increasing. He [Labienus] openly says in a council that \"since the Germans are said to be approaching, he would not bring into uncertainty his own and the army's fortunes, and the next day would move his camp at early dawn.\" These words are quickly carried to the enemy" + }, + { + "id": 7056, + "la": "utexmagnoGallorumequitumnumerononnullosGallicisrebusfaverenaturacogebat", + "en": "since out of so large a number of cavalry composed of Gauls, nature compelled some to favor the Gallic interests" + }, + { + "id": 7057, + "la": "Labienusnoctutribunismilitumprimisqueordinibusconvocatis,quidsuisitconsiliproponitet,quofaciliushostibustimorisdetsuspicionem,maiorestrepituettumultu,quampopuliRomanifertconsuetudocastramoveriiubet.Hisrebusfugaesimilemprofectionemeffecit", + "en": "Labienus, having assembled the tribunes of the soldiers and principal centurions by night, states what his design is, and, that he may the more easily give the enemy a belief of his fears, he orders the camp to be moved with greater noise and confusion than was usual with the Roman people. By these means he makes his departure [appear] like a retreat" + }, + { + "id": 7058, + "la": "Haecquoqueperexploratoresantelucemintantapropinquitatecastrorumadhostesdeferuntur", + "en": "These things, also, since the camps were so near, are reported to the enemy by scouts before daylight." + }, + { + "id": 7059, + "la": "Vixagmennovissimumextramunitionesprocesserat,cumGallicohortatiinterse,nesperatampraedamexmanibusdimitterent--longumesseperterritisRomanisGermanorumauxiliumexspectare,nequesuampatidignitatemuttantiscopiistamexiguammanumpraesertimfugientematqueimpeditamadoririnonaudeant--flumentransireetiniquolococommittereproeliumnondubitant", + "en": "carcely had the rear advanced beyond the fortifications when the Gauls, encouraging one another \"not to cast from their hands the anticipated booty, that it was a tedious thing, while the Romans were panic-stricken, to be waiting for the aid of the Germans, and that their dignity did not suffer them to fear to attack with such great forces so small a band, particularly when retreating and encumbered,\" do not hesitate to cross the river and give battle in a disadvantageous position" + }, + { + "id": 7060, + "la": "QuaeforesuspicatusLabienus,utomnescitraflumeneliceret,eademusussimulationeitinerisplacideprogrediebatur", + "en": "Labienus suspecting that these things would happen, was proceeding quietly, and using the same pretense of a march, in order that he might entice them across the river" + }, + { + "id": 7061, + "la": "Tumpraemissispaulumimpedimentisatqueintumuloquodamcollocatis\"Habetis,\"inquit, \"milites,quampetistisfacultatem:hostemimpeditoatqueiniquolocotenetis:", + "en": "Then, having sent forward the baggage some short distance and placed it on a certain eminence, he says, \"Soldiers, you have the opportunity you have sought: you hold the enemy in an encumbered and disadvantageous position" + }, + { + "id": 7062, + "la": "praestateeandemnobisducibusvirtutem,quamsaepenumeroimperatoripraestitistis,atqueillumadesseethaeccoramcernereexistimate.\"", + "en": "display to us, your leaders, the same valor you have ofttimes displayed to your general: imagine that he is present and actually sees these exploits" + }, + { + "id": 7063, + "la": "Simulsignaadhostemconvertiaciemquedirigiiubet,etpaucisturmispraesidioadimpedimentadimissisreliquosequitesadlateradisponit", + "en": "At the same time he orders the troops to face about toward the enemy and form in line of battle, and, dispatching a few troops of cavalry as a guard for the baggage, he places the rest of the horse on the wings" + }, + { + "id": 7064, + "la": "Celeriternostriclamoresublatopilainhostesimmittunt.Illi,ubipraeterspemquosfugerecredebantinfestissignisadseireviderunt,impetummodoferrenonpotueruntacprimoconcursuinfugamconiectiproximassilvaspetierunt", + "en": "Our men, raising a shout, quickly throw their javelins at the enemy. They, when, contrary to their expectation, they saw those whom they believed to be retreating, advance toward them with threatening banners, were not able to sustain even the charge, and, being put to flight at the first onslaught, sought the nearest woods" + }, + { + "id": 7065, + "la": "QuosLabienusequitatuconsectatus,magnonumerointerfecto,compluribuscaptis,paucispostdiebuscivitatemrecepit.NamGermaniquiauxilioveniebantperceptaTreverorumfugasesedomumreceperunt", + "en": "Labienus pursuing them with the cavalry, upon a large number being slain, and several taken prisoners, got possession of the state a few days after; for the Germans, who were coming to the aid of the Treviri , having been informed of their flight, retreated to their homes" + }, + { + "id": 7066, + "la": "CumhispropinquiIndutiomari,quidefectionisauctoresfuerant,comitatieosexcivitateexcesserunt", + "en": "The relations of Indutiomarus, who had been the promoters of the revolt, accompanying them, quitted their own state with them" + }, + { + "id": 7067, + "la": "Cingetorigi,quemabinitiopermansisseinofficiodemonstravimus,principatusatqueimperiumesttraditum", + "en": "The supreme power and government were delivered to Cingetorix, whom we have stated to have remained firm in his allegiance from the commencement" + }, + { + "id": 7068, + "la": "Caesar,postquamexMenapiisinTreverosvenit,duabusdecausisRhenumtransireconstituit;quarumunaerat,quodauxiliacontraseTreverismiserant,", + "en": "Caesar, after he came from the territories of the Menapii into those of the Treviri , resolved for two reasons to cross the Rhine ; one of which was, because they had sent assistance to the Treviri against him" + }, + { + "id": 7069, + "la": "altera,neadeosAmbiorixreceptumhaberet", + "en": "the other, that Ambiorix might not have a retreat among them" + }, + { + "id": 7070, + "la": "Hisconstitutisrebuspaulumsupraeumlocumquoanteexercitumtraduxeratfacereponteminstituit", + "en": "Having determined on these matters, he began to build a bridge a little above that place where he had before conveyed over his army" + }, + { + "id": 7071, + "la": "Notaatqueinstitutarationemagnomilitumstudiopaucisdiebusopusefficitur", + "en": "The plan having been known and laid down, the work is accomplished in a few days by the great exertion of the soldiers" + }, + { + "id": 7072, + "la": "FirmoinTreverisadpontempraesidiorelicto,nequisabhissubitomotusoreretur,reliquascopiasequitatumquetraducit", + "en": "Having left a strong guard at the bridge on the side of the Treviri , lest any commotion should suddenly arise among them, he leads over the rest of the forces and the cavalry" + }, + { + "id": 7073, + "la": "Ubii,quianteobsidesdederantatqueindeditionemvenerant,purgandisuicausaadeumlegatosmittunt,quidoceantnequeauxiliaexsuacivitateinTreverosmissanequeabsefidemlaesam:", + "en": "The Ubii, who before had sent hostages and come to a capitulation, send embassadors to him, for the purpose of vindicating themselves, to assure him that \"neither had auxiliaries been sent to the Treviri from their state, nor had they violated their allegiance;\"" + }, + { + "id": 7074, + "la": "petuntatqueorantutsibiparcat,necommuniodioGermanoruminnocentespronocentibuspoenaspendant;siampliusobsidumvellet,darepollicentur", + "en": "they entreat and beseech him \"to spare them, lest, in his common hatred of the Germans, the innocent should suffer the penalty of the guilty: they promise to give more hostages, if he desire them" + }, + { + "id": 7075, + "la": "CognitaCaesarcausareperitabSuebisauxiliamissaesse;Ubiorumsatisfactionemaccipit,aditusviasqueinSuebosperquirit", + "en": "Having investigated the case, Caesar finds that the auxiliaries had been sent by the Suevi; he accepts the apology of the Ubii, and makes the minute inquiries concerning the approaches and the routes to the territories of the Suevi." + }, + { + "id": 7076, + "la": "InterimpaucispostdiebusfitabVbiiscertiorSuebosomnesinunumlocumcopiascogereatqueeisnationibusquaesubeorumsintimperiodenuntiare,utauxiliapeditatusequitatusquemittant", + "en": "In the mean time he is informed by the Ubii, a few days after, that the Suevi are drawing all their forces into one place, and are giving orders to those nations which are under their government to send auxiliaries of infantry and of cavalry" + }, + { + "id": 7077, + "la": "Hiscognitisrebusremfrumentariamprovidet,castrisidoneumlocumdeligit;Vbiisimperatutpecoradeducantsuaqueomniaexagrisinoppidaconferant,speransbarbarosatqueimperitoshominesinopiacibariorumadductosadiniquampugnandicondicionempossededuci;", + "en": "Having learned these things, he provides a supply of corn, selects a proper place for his camp, and commands the Ubii to drive off their cattle and carry away all their possessions from the country parts into the towns, hoping that they, being a barbarous and ignorant people, when harassed by the want of provisions, might be brought to an engagement on disadvantageous terms" + }, + { + "id": 7078, + "la": "mandat,utcrebrosexploratoresinSuebosmittantquaequeapudeosgeranturcognoscant", + "en": "he orders them to send numerous scouts among the Suevi, and learn what things are going on among them." + }, + { + "id": 7079, + "la": "Illiimperatafaciuntetpaucisdiebusintermissisreferunt:Suebosomnes,posteaquamcertioresnuntiideexercituRomanorumvenerint,cumomnibussuissociorumquecopiis,quascoegissent,penitusadextremosfinesserecepisse:", + "en": "They execute the orders, and, a few days having intervened, report that all the Suevi, after certain intelligence concerning the army of the Romans had come, retreated with all their own forces and those of their allies, which they had assembled, to the utmost extremities of their territories" + }, + { + "id": 7080, + "la": "silvamesseibiinfinitamagnitudine,quaeappellaturBacenis;hanclongeintrorsuspertinereetpronativomuroobiectamCheruscosabSuebisSuebosqueabCheruscisiniuriisincursionibusqueprohibere:adeiusinitiumsilvaeSuebosadventumRomanorumexspectareconstituisse", + "en": "that there is a wood there of very great extent, which is called Bacenis; that this stretches a great way into the interior, and, being opposed as a natural barrier, defends from injuries and incursions the Cherusci against the Suevi, and the Suevi against the Cherusci: that at the entrance of that forest the Suevi had determined to await the coming up of the Romans." + }, + { + "id": 7081, + "la": "Quoniamadhunclocumperventumest,nonalienumessevideturdeGalliaeGermaniaequemoribusetquodifferanthaenationesinterseseproponere", + "en": "Since we have come to the place, it does not appear to be foreign to our subject to lay before the reader an account of the manners of Gaul and Germany , and wherein these nations differ from each other" + }, + { + "id": 7082, + "la": "InGallianonsoluminomnibuscivitatibusatqueinomnibuspagispartibusque,sedpaeneetiaminsingulisdomibusfactionessunt,earumquefactionumprincipessunt", + "en": "In Gaul there are factions not only in all the states, and in all the cantons and their divisions, but almost in each family, and of these factions those are the leaders" + }, + { + "id": 7083, + "la": "quisummamauctoritatemeorumiudiciohabereexistimantur,quorumadarbitriumiudiciumquesummaomniumrerumconsiliorumqueredeat", + "en": "who are considered according to their judgment to possess the greatest influence, upon whose will and determination the management of all affairs and measures depends." + }, + { + "id": 7084, + "la": "Itaqueeiusreicausaantiquitusinstitutumvidetur,nequisexplebecontrapotentioremauxiliegeret:suosenimquisqueopprimietcircumvenirinonpatitur,neque,alitersifaciat,ullamintersuoshabetauctoritatem", + "en": "And that seems to have been instituted in ancient times with this view, that no one of the common people should be in want of support against one more powerful; for, none [of those leaders] suffers his party to be oppressed and defrauded, and if he do otherwise, he has no influence among his party" + }, + { + "id": 7085, + "la": "HaeceademratioestinsummatotiusGalliae:namqueomnescivitatesinpartesdivisaesuntduas", + "en": "This same policy exists throughout the whole of Gaul; for all the states are divided into two factions." + }, + { + "id": 7086, + "la": "CumCaesarinGalliamvenit,alteriusfactionisprincipeserantAedui,alteriusSequani", + "en": "When Caesar arrived in Gaul, the Aedui were the leaders of one faction, the Sequani of the other" + }, + { + "id": 7087, + "la": "Hicumperseminusvalerent,quodsummaauctoritasantiquituseratinAeduismagnaequeeorumerantclientelae,GermanosatqueAriovistumsibiadiunxeranteosqueadsemagnisiacturispollicitationibusqueperduxerant", + "en": "Since the latter were less powerful by themselves, inasmuch as the chief influence was from of old among the Aedui, and their dependencies were great, they had united to themselves the Germans and Ariovistus, and had brought them over to their party by great sacrifices and promises" + }, + { + "id": 7088, + "la": "ProeliisverocompluribusfactissecundisatqueomninobilitateAeduoruminterfectatantumpotentiaantecesserant,", + "en": "And having fought several successful battles and slain all the nobility of the Aedui, they had so far surpassed them in power" + }, + { + "id": 7089, + "la": "utmagnampartemclientiumabAeduisadsetraducerentobsidesqueabeisprincipumfiliosacciperentetpubliceiurarecogerentnihilsecontraSequanosconsiliiniturosetpartemfinitimiagripervimoccupatampossiderentGalliaequetotiusprincipatumobtinerent", + "en": "that they brought over, from the Aedui to themselves, a large portion of their dependents and received from them the sons of their leading men as hostages, and compelled them to swear in their public character that they would enter into no design against them; and held a portion of the neighboring land, seized on by force, and possessed the sovereignty of the whole of Gaul" + }, + { + "id": 7090, + "la": "QuanecessitateadductusDiviciacusauxilipetendicausaRomamadsenatumprofectusinfectareredierat", + "en": "Divitiacus urged by this necessity, had proceeded to Rome to the senate, for the purpose of entreating assistance, and had returned without accomplishing his object" + }, + { + "id": 7091, + "la": "AdventuCaesarisfactacommutationererum,obsidibusAeduisredditis,veteribusclientelisrestitutis,novisperCaesaremcomparatis,quodhi,quiseadeorumamicitiamadgregaverant,", + "en": "A change of affairs ensued on the arrival of Caesar, the hostages were returned to the Aedui, their old dependencies restored, and new acquired through Caesar (because those who had attached themselves to their alliance saw" + }, + { + "id": 7092, + "la": "meliorecondicioneatqueaequioreimperioseutividebant,reliquisrebuseorumgratiadignitatequeamplificataSequaniprincipatumdimiserant.IneorumlocumRemisuccesserant:quosquodadaequareapudCaesaremgratiaintellegebatur,ei,quipropterveteresinimicitiasnullomodocumAeduisconiungipoterant,seRemisinclientelamdicabant", + "en": "that they enjoyed a better state and a milder government), their other interests, their influence, their reputation were likewise increased, and in consequence, the Sequani lost the sovereignty. The Remi succeeded to their place, and, as it was perceived that they equaled the Aedui in favor with Caesar, those, who on account of their old animosities could by no means coalesce with the Aedui, consigned themselves in clientship to the Remi" + }, + { + "id": 7093, + "la": "Hosillidiligentertuebantur:itaetnovametrepentecollectamauctoritatemtenebant", + "en": "The latter carefully protected them. Thus they possessed both a new and suddenly acquired influence" + }, + { + "id": 7094, + "la": "Eotumstatureserat,utlongeprincipeshaberenturAedui,secundumlocumdignitatisRemiobtinerent", + "en": "Affairs were then in that position that the Aedui were considered by far the leading people, and the Remi held the second post of honor." + }, + { + "id": 7095, + "la": "InomniGalliaeorumhominum,quialiquosuntnumeroatquehonore,generasuntduo.Namplebespaeneservorumhabeturloco,quaenihilaudetperse,nulloadhibeturconsilio", + "en": "Throughout all Gaul there are two orders of those men who are of any rank and dignity: for the commonality is held almost in the condition of slaves, and dares to undertake nothing of itself, and is admitted to no deliberation" + }, + { + "id": 7096, + "la": "Plerique,cumautaerealienoautmagnitudinetributorumautiniuriapotentiorumpremuntur,seseinservitutemdicantnobilibus:inhoseademomniasuntiura,quaedominisinservos", + "en": "The greater part, when they are pressed either by debt, or the large amount of their tributes, or the oppression of the more powerful, give themselves up in vassalage to the nobles, who possess over them the same rights without exception as masters over their slaves" + }, + { + "id": 7097, + "la": "Seddehisduobusgeneribusalterumestdruidum,alterumequitum", + "en": "But of these two orders, one is that of the Druids, the other that of the knights" + }, + { + "id": 7098, + "la": "Illirebusdivinisintersunt,sacrificiapublicaacprivataprocurant,religionesinterpretantur:adhosmagnusadulescentiumnumerusdisciplinaecausaconcurrit,magnoquehisuntapudeoshonore", + "en": "The former are engaged in things sacred, conduct the public and the private sacrifices, and interpret all matters of religion. To these a large number of the young men resort for the purpose of instruction, and they [the Druids] are in great honor among them" + }, + { + "id": 7099, + "la": "Namferedeomnibuscontroversiispublicisprivatisqueconstituunt,et,siquodestadmissumfacinus,sicaedesfacta,sidehereditate,definibuscontroversiaest,idemdecernunt,praemiapoenasqueconstituunt;", + "en": "For they determine respecting almost all controversies, public and private; and if any crime has been perpetrated, if murder has been committed, if there be any dispute about an inheritance, if any about boundaries, these same persons decide it; they decree rewards and punishments;" + }, + { + "id": 7100, + "la": "siquiautprivatusautpopuluseorumdecretononstetit,sacrificiisinterdicunt.Haecpoenaapudeosestgravissima", + "en": "if any one, either in a private or public capacity, has not submitted to their decision, they interdict him from the sacrifices. This among them is the most heavy punishment." + }, + { + "id": 7101, + "la": "Quibusitaestinterdictum,hinumeroimpiorumacsceleratorumhabentur,hisomnesdecedunt,aditumsermonemquedefugiunt,nequidexcontagioneincommodiaccipiant,nequehispetentibusiusredditurnequehonosulluscommunicatur", + "en": "Those who have been thus interdicted are esteemed in the number of the impious and the criminal: all shun them, and avoid their society and conversation, lest they receive some evil from their contact; nor is justice administered to them when seeking it, nor is any dignity bestowed on them." + }, + { + "id": 7102, + "la": "Hisautemomnibusdruidibuspraeestunus,quisummamintereoshabetauctoritatem", + "en": "Over all these Druids one presides, who possesses supreme authority among them" + }, + { + "id": 7103, + "la": "Hocmortuoautsiquiexreliquisexcellitdignitatesuccedit,aut,sisuntplurespares,suffragiodruidum,nonnumquametiamarmisdeprincipatucontendunt", + "en": "Upon his death, if any individual among the rest is pre-eminent in dignity, he succeeds; but, if there are many equal, the election is made by the suffrages of the Druids; sometimes they even contend for the presidency with arms" + }, + { + "id": 7104, + "la": "hicertoannitemporeinfinibusCarnutum,quaeregiototiusGalliaemediahabetur,considuntinlococonsecrato.Hucomnesundique,quicontroversiashabent,conveniunteorumquedecretisiudiciisqueparent", + "en": "These assemble at a fixed period of the year in a consecrated place in the territories of the Carnutes, which is reckoned the central region of the whole of Gaul. Hither all, who have disputes, assemble from every part, and submit to their decrees and determinations" + }, + { + "id": 7105, + "la": "DisciplinainBritanniarepertaatqueindeinGalliamtranslataesseexistimatur,", + "en": "This institution is supposed to have been devised in Britain, and to have been brought over from it into Gaul" + }, + { + "id": 7106, + "la": "etnunc,quidiligentiuseamremcognoscerevolunt,plerumqueillodiscendicausaproficiscuntur", + "en": "and now those who desire to gain a more accurate knowledge of that system generally proceed thither for the purpose of studying it." + }, + { + "id": 7107, + "la": "Druidesabelloabesseconsueruntnequetributaunacumreliquispendunt;militiaevacationemomniumquererumhabentimmunitatem", + "en": "The Druids do not go to war, nor pay tribute together with the rest; they have an exemption from military service and a dispensation in all matters" + }, + { + "id": 7108, + "la": "Tantisexcitatipraemiisetsuaspontemultiindisciplinamconveniuntetaparentibuspropinquisquemittuntur", + "en": "Induced by such great advantages, many embrace this profession of their own accord, and [many] are sent to it by their parents and relations" + }, + { + "id": 7109, + "la": "Magnumibinumerumversuumedisceredicuntur.Itaqueannosnonnullivicenosindisciplinapermanent", + "en": "They are said there to learn by heart a great number of verses; accordingly some remain in the course of training twenty years" + }, + { + "id": 7110, + "la": "Nequefasesseexistimantealitterismandare,cuminreliquisfererebus,publicisprivatisquerationibusGraecislitterisutantur.Idmihiduabusdecausisinstituissevidentur,quodnequeinvulgumdisciplinamefferrivelintnequeeos,quidiscunt,litterisconfisosminusmemoriaestudere:quodfereplerisqueaccidit,utpraesidiolitterarumdiligentiaminperdiscendoacmemoriamremittant", + "en": "Nor do they regard it lawful to commit these to writing, though in almost all other matters, in their public and private transactions, they use Greek characters. That practice they seem to me to have adopted for two reasons; because they neither desire their doctrines to be divulged among the mass of the people, nor those who learn, to devote themselves the less to the efforts of memory, relying on writing; since it generally occurs to most men, that, in their dependence on writing, they relax their diligence in learning thoroughly, and their employment of the memory" + }, + { + "id": 7111, + "la": "Inprimishocvoluntpersuadere,noninterireanimas,sedabaliispostmortemtransireadalios,atquehocmaximeadvirtutemexcitariputantmetumortisneglecto", + "en": "They wish to inculcate this as one of their leading tenets, that souls do not become extinct, but pass after death from one body to another, and they think that men by this tenet are in a great degree excited to valor, the fear of death being disregarded" + }, + { + "id": 7112, + "la": "Multapraetereadesideribusatqueeorummotu,demundiacterrarummagnitudine,dererumnatura,dedeorumimmortaliumviacpotestatedisputantetiuventutitradunt", + "en": "They likewise discuss and impart to the youth many things respecting the stars and their motion, respecting the extent of the world and of our earth, respecting the nature of things, respecting the power and the majesty of the immortal gods." + }, + { + "id": 7113, + "la": "Alterumgenusestequitum.Hi,cumestususatquealiquodbellumincidit(quodfereanteCaesarisadventumquotannisaccideresolebat,utiautipsiiniuriasinferrentautillataspropulsarent),omnesinbelloversantur,", + "en": "The other order is that of the knights. These, when there is occasion and any war occurs (which before Caesar's arrival was for the most part wont to happen every year, as either they on their part were inflecting injuries or repelling those which others inflected on them), are all engaged in war" + }, + { + "id": 7114, + "la": "atqueeorumutquisqueestgenerecopiisqueamplissimus,itaplurimoscircumseambactosclientesquehabet.Hancunamgratiampotentiamquenoverunt", + "en": "And those of them most distinguished by birth and resources, have the greatest number of vassals and dependents about them. They acknowledge this sort of influence and power only." + }, + { + "id": 7115, + "la": "NatioestomnisGallorumadmodumdeditareligionibus,", + "en": "The nation of all the Gauls is extremely devoted to superstitious rites;" + }, + { + "id": 7116, + "la": "atqueobeamcausam,quisuntadfectigravioribusmorbisquiqueinproeliispericulisqueversantur,autprovictimishominesimmolantautseimmolaturosvoventadministrisqueadeasacrificiadruidibusutuntur,quod,provitahominisnisihominisvitareddatur,", + "en": "and on that account they who are troubled with unusually severe diseases, and they who are engaged in battles and dangers, either sacrifice men as victims, or vow that they will sacrifice them, and employ the Druids as the performers of those sacrifices; because they think that unless the life of a man be offered for the life of a man," + }, + { + "id": 7117, + "la": "nonpossedeorumimmortaliumnumenplacariarbitrantur,publicequeeiusdemgenerishabentinstitutasacrificia.Aliiimmanimagnitudinesimulacrahabent,", + "en": "the mind of the immortal gods can not be rendered propitious, and they have sacrifices of that kind ordained for national purposes. Others have figures of vast size" + }, + { + "id": 7118, + "la": "quorumcontextaviminibusmembravivishominibuscomplent;quibussuccensiscircumventiflammaexanimanturhomines", + "en": "the limbs of which formed of osiers they fill with living men, which being set on fire, the men perish enveloped in the flames." + }, + { + "id": 7119, + "la": "Suppliciaeorumquiinfurtoautinlatrocinioautaliquanoxiasintcomprehensigratioradisimmortalibusessearbitrantur;sed,cumeiusgeneriscopiadefecit,etiamadinnocentiumsuppliciadescendunt", + "en": "They consider that the oblation of such as have been taken in theft, or in robbery, or any other offense, is more acceptable to the immortal gods; but when a supply of that class is wanting, they have recourse to the oblation of even the innocent." + }, + { + "id": 7120, + "la": "DeummaximeMercuriumcolunt.Huiussuntplurimasimulacra:huncomniuminventoremartiumferunt,huncviarumatqueitinerumducem,huncadquaestuspecuniaemercaturasquehaberevimmaximamarbitrantur.PosthuncApollinemetMartemetIovemetMinervam", + "en": "They worship as their divinity, Mercury in particular, and have many images of him, and regard him as the inventor of all arts, they consider him the guide of their journeys and marches, and believe him to have great influence over the acquisition of gain and mercantile transactions. Next to him they worship Apollo, and Mars, and Jupiter , and Minerva;" + }, + { + "id": 7121, + "la": "Dehiseandemfere,quamreliquaegentes,habentopinionem:Apollinemmorbosdepellere,Minervamoperumatqueartificioruminitiatradere,Iovemimperiumcaelestiumtenere,Martembellaregere", + "en": "respecting these deities they have for the most part the same belief as other nations: that Apollo averts diseases, that Minerva imparts the invention of manufactures, that Jupiter possesses the sovereignty of the heavenly powers; that Mars presides over wars." + }, + { + "id": 7122, + "la": "Huic,cumproeliodimicareconstituerunt,eaquaebelloceperintplerumquedevovent:cumsuperaverunt,animaliacaptaimmolantreliquasqueresinunumlocumconferunt", + "en": "To him, when they have determined to engage in battle, they commonly vow those things which they shall take in war. When they have conquered, they sacrifice whatever captured animals may have survived the conflict, and collect the other things into one place." + }, + { + "id": 7123, + "la": "Multisincivitatibusharumrerumexstructostumuloslocisconsecratisconspicarilicet;", + "en": "In many states you may see piles of these things heaped up in their consecrated spots;" + }, + { + "id": 7124, + "la": "nequesaepeaccidit,utneglectaquispiamreligioneautcaptaapudseoccultareautpositatollereauderet,gravissimumqueeireisuppliciumcumcruciatuconstitutumest", + "en": "nor does it often happen that any one, disregarding the sanctity of the case, dares either to secrete in his house things captured, or take away those deposited; and the most severe punishment, with torture, has been established for such a deed." + }, + { + "id": 7125, + "la": "GalliseomnesabDitepatreprognatospraedicantidqueabdruidibusproditumdicunt", + "en": "All the Gauls assert that they are descended from the god Dis, and say that this tradition has been handed down by the Druids." + }, + { + "id": 7126, + "la": "Obeamcausamspatiaomnistemporisnonnumerodierumsednoctiumfiniunt;diesnatalesetmensumetannoruminitiasicobservantutnoctemdiessubsequatur", + "en": "For that reason they compute the divisions of every season, not by the number of days, but of nights; they keep birthdays and the beginnings of months and years in such an order that the day follows the night." + }, + { + "id": 7127, + "la": "Inreliquisvitaeinstitutishocfereabreliquisdifferunt,quodsuosliberos,nisicumadoleverunt,utmunusmilitiaesustinerepossint,palamadseadirenonpatiunturfiliumquepueriliaetateinpublicoinconspectupatrisadsistereturpeducunt", + "en": "Among the other usages of their life, they differ in this from almost all other nations, that they do not permit their children to approach them openly until they are grown up so as to be able to bear the service of war; and they regard it as indecorous for a son of boyish age to stand in public in the presence of his father." + }, + { + "id": 7128, + "la": "Viri,quantaspecuniasabuxoribusdotisnomineacceperunt,tantasexsuisbonisaestimationefactacumdotibuscommunicant", + "en": "Whatever sums of money the husbands have received in the name of dowry from their wives, making an estimate of it, they add the same amount out of their own estates" + }, + { + "id": 7129, + "la": "Huiusomnispecuniaeconiunctimratiohabeturfructusqueservantur:utereorumvitasuperarit,adeumparsutriusquecumfructibussuperiorumtemporumpervenit", + "en": "An account is kept of all this money conjointly, and the profits are laid by: whichever of them shall have survived [the other], to that one the portion of both reverts together with the profits of the previous time." + }, + { + "id": 7130, + "la": "Viriinuxores,sicutiinliberos,vitaenecisquehabentpotestatem;etcumpaterfamiliaeillustrioreloconatusdecessit,eiuspropinquiconveniuntet,demortesiresinsuspicionemvenit,deuxoribusinservilemmodumquaestionemhabentet,sicompertumest,igniatqueomnibustormentisexcruciatasinterficiunt", + "en": "Husbands have power of life and death over their wives as well as over their children: and when the father of a family, born in a more than commonly distinguished rank, has died, his relations assemble, and, if the circumstances of his death are suspicious, hold an investigation upon the wives in the manner adopted toward slaves; and, if proof be obtained, put them to severe torture, and kill them." + }, + { + "id": 7131, + "la": "FunerasuntprocultuGallorummagnificaetsumptuosa;omniaquequaeviviscordifuissearbitranturinigneminferunt,etiamanimalia,acpaulosuprahancmemoriamservietclientes,quosabeisdilectosesseconstabat,iustisfuneribusconfectisunacremabantur", + "en": "Their funerals, considering the state of civilization among the Gauls, are magnificent and costly; and they cast into the fire all things, including living creatures, which they suppose to have been dear to them when alive; and, a little before this period, slaves and dependents, who were ascertained to have been beloved by them, were, after the regular funeral rites were completed, burnt together with them." + }, + { + "id": 7132, + "la": "Quaecivitatescommodiussuamrempublicamadministrareexistimantur,habentlegibussanctum,siquisquidderepublicaafinitimisrumoreautfamaacceperit,utiadmagistratumdeferatnevecumquoaliocommunicet,", + "en": "Those states which are considered to conduct their commonwealth more judiciously, have it ordained by their laws, that, if any person shall have heard by rumor and report from his neighbors any thing concerning the commonwealth, he shall convey it to the magistrate, and not impart it to any other;" + }, + { + "id": 7133, + "la": "quodsaepehominestemerariosatqueimperitosfalsisrumoribusterrerietadfacinusimpellietdesummisrebusconsiliumcaperecognitumest", + "en": "because it has been discovered that inconsiderate and inexperienced men were often alarmed by false reports, and driven to some rash act, or else took hasty measures in affairs of the highest importance." + }, + { + "id": 7134, + "la": "Magistratusquaevisasuntoccultantquaequeesseexusuiudicaveruntmultitudiniprodunt.Derepublicanisiperconciliumloquinonconceditur", + "en": "The magistrates conceal those things which require to be kept unknown; and they disclose to the people whatever they determine to be expedient. It is not lawful to speak of the commonwealth, except in council." + }, + { + "id": 7135, + "la": "Germanimultumabhacconsuetudinedifferunt.Namnequedruideshabent,quirebusdivinispraesint,nequesacrificiisstudent", + "en": "The Germans differ much from these usages, for they have neither Druids to preside over sacred offices, nor do they pay great regard to sacrifices." + }, + { + "id": 7136, + "la": "Deorumnumeroeossolosducunt,quoscernuntetquorumaperteopibusiuvantur,SolemetVulcanumetLunam,reliquosnefamaquidemacceperunt", + "en": "They rank in the number of the gods those alone whom they behold, and by whose instrumentality they are obviously benefited, namely, the sun, fire, and the moon; they have not heard of the other deities even by report." + }, + { + "id": 7137, + "la": "Vitaomnisinvenationibusatqueinstudiisreimilitarisconsistit:abparvulislaboriacduritiaestudent.Quidiutissimeimpuberespermanserunt,", + "en": "Their whole life is occupied in hunting and in the pursuits of the military art; from childhood they devote themselves to fatigue and hardships. Those who have remained chaste for the longest time," + }, + { + "id": 7138, + "la": "maximamintersuosferuntlaudem:hocalistaturam,aliviresnervosqueconfirmariputant", + "en": "receive the greatest commendation among their people; they think that by this the growth is promoted, by this the physical powers are increased and the sinews are strengthened." + }, + { + "id": 7139, + "la": "Intraannumverovicesimumfeminaenotitiamhabuisseinturpissimishabentrebus;cuiusreinullaestoccultatio,quodetpromiscueinfluminibusperluunturetpellibusautparvisrenonumtegimentisutunturmagnacorporispartenuda", + "en": "And to have had knowledge of a woman before the twentieth year they reckon among the most disgraceful acts; of which matter there is no concealment, because they bathe promiscuously in the rivers and [only] use skins or small cloaks of deer's hides, a large portion of the body being in consequence naked." + }, + { + "id": 7140, + "la": "Agriculturaenonstudent,maiorqueparseorumvictusinlacte,caseo,carneconsistit", + "en": "They do not pay much attention to agriculture, and a large portion of their food consists in milk, cheese, and flesh;" + }, + { + "id": 7141, + "la": "Nequequisquamagrimodumcertumautfineshabetproprios;sedmagistratusacprincipesinannossingulosgentibuscognationibusquehominum,quiunacoierunt,quantumetquolocovisumestagriattribuuntatqueannopostaliotransirecogunt", + "en": "nor has any one a fixed quantity of land or his own individual limits; but the magistrates and the leading men each year apportion to the tribes and families, who have united together, as much land as, and in the place in which, they think proper, and the year after compel them to remove elsewhere" + }, + { + "id": 7142, + "la": "Eiusreimultasadferuntcausas:neadsiduaconsuetudinecaptistudiumbelligerendiagriculturacommutent;nelatosfinespararestudeant,potentioresquehumiliorespossessionibusexpellant;neaccuratiusadfrigoraatqueaestusvitandosaedificent;nequaoriaturpecuniaecupiditas,quaexrefactionesdissensionesquenascuntur;", + "en": "For this enactment they advance many reasons-lest seduced by long-continued custom, they may exchange their ardor in the waging of war for agriculture; lest they may be anxious to acquire extensive estates, and the more powerful drive the weaker from their possessions; lest they construct their houses with too great a desire to avoid cold and heat; lest the desire of wealth spring up, from which cause divisions and discords arise;" + }, + { + "id": 7143, + "la": "utanimiaequitateplebemcontineant,cumsuasquisqueopescumpotentissimisaequarivideat", + "en": "and that they may keep the common people in a contented state of mind, when each sees his own means placed on an equality with [those of] the most powerful." + }, + { + "id": 7144, + "la": "Civitatibusmaximalausestquamlatissimecircumsevastatisfinibussolitudineshabere", + "en": "It is the greatest glory to the several states to have as wide deserts as possible around them, their frontiers having been laid waste." + }, + { + "id": 7145, + "la": "Hocpropriumvirtutisexistimant,expulsosagrisfinitimoscedere,nequequemquampropeaudereconsistere:", + "en": "They consider this the real evidence of their prowess, that their neighbors shall be driven out of their lands and abandon them, and that no one dare settle near them;" + }, + { + "id": 7146, + "la": "simulhocseforetutioresarbitranturrepentinaeincursionistimoresublato", + "en": "at the same time they think that they shall be on that account the more secure, because they have removed the apprehension of a sudden incursion." + }, + { + "id": 7147, + "la": "Cumbellumcivitasautinlatumdefenditautinfert,magistratus,quieibellopraesint,utvitaenecisquehabeantpotestatem,deliguntur", + "en": "When a state either repels war waged against it, or wages it against another, magistrates are chosen to preside over that war with such authority, that they have power of life and death." + }, + { + "id": 7148, + "la": "Inpacenullusestcommunismagistratus,sedprincipesregionumatquepagorumintersuosiusdicuntcontroversiasqueminuunt", + "en": "In peace there is no common magistrate, but the chiefs of provinces and cantons administer justice and determine controversies among their own people." + }, + { + "id": 7149, + "la": "Latrocinianullamhabentinfamiam,quaeextrafinescuiusquecivitatisfiunt,atqueeaiuventutisexercendaeacdesidiaeminuendaecausafieripraedicant", + "en": "Robberies which are committed beyond the boundaries of each state bear no infamy, and they avow that these are committed for the purpose of disciplining their youth and of preventing sloth." + }, + { + "id": 7150, + "la": "Atqueubiquisexprincipibusinconciliodixitseducemfore,quisequivelint,profiteantur,consurgunteiquietcausamethominemprobantsuumqueauxiliumpollicenturatqueabmultitudinecollaudantur:", + "en": "And when any of their chiefs has said in an assembly \"that he will be their leader, let those who are willing to follow, give in their names;\" they who approve of both the enterprise and the man arise and promise their assistance and are applauded by the people;" + }, + { + "id": 7151, + "la": "quiexhissecutinonsunt,indesertorumacproditorumnumeroducuntur,omniumquehisrerumposteafidesderogatur", + "en": "such of them as have not followed him are accounted in the number of deserters and traitors, and confidence in all matters is afterward refused them." + }, + { + "id": 7152, + "la": "Hospitemviolarefasnonputant;quiquacumquedecausaadeosvenerunt,abiniuriaprohibent,sanctoshabent,hisqueomniumdomuspatentvictusquecommunicatur", + "en": "To injure guests they regard as impious; they defend from wrong those who have come to them for any purpose whatever, and esteem them inviolable; to them the houses of all are open and maintenance is freely supplied." + }, + { + "id": 7153, + "la": "Acfuitanteatempus,cumGermanosGallivirtutesuperarent,ultrobellainferrent,propterhominummultitudinemagriqueinopiamtransRhenumcoloniasmitterent", + "en": "And there was formerly a time when the Gauls excelled the Germans in prowess, and waged war on them offensively, and, on account of the great number of their people and the insufficiency of their land, sent colonies over the Rhine ." + }, + { + "id": 7154, + "la": "ItaqueeaquaefertilissimaGermaniaesuntlocacircumHercyniamsilvam,quamEratosthenietquibusdamGraecisfamanotamessevideo,quamilliOrcyniamappellant,VolcaeTectosagesoccupaveruntatqueibiconsederunt;", + "en": "Accordingly, the Volcae Tectosages, seized on those parts of Germany which are the most fruitful [and lie] around the Hercynian forest, (which, I perceive, was known by report to Eratosthenes and some other Greeks, and which they call Orcynia), and settled there." + }, + { + "id": 7155, + "la": "quaegensadhoctempushissedibussesecontinetsummamquehabetiustitiaeetbellicaelaudisopinionem", + "en": "Which nation to this time retains its position in those settlements, and has a very high character for justice and military merit;" + }, + { + "id": 7156, + "la": "Nuncquodineademinopia,egestate,patientiaquaGermanipermanent,eodemvictuetcultucorporisutuntur;Gallisautemprovinciarumpropinquitasettransmarinarumrerumnotitiamultaadcopiamatqueususlargitur,", + "en": "now also they continue in the same scarcity, indigence, hardihood, as the Germans, and use the same food and dress; but their proximity to the Province and knowledge of commodities from countries beyond the sea supplies to the Gauls many things tending to luxury as well as civilization." + }, + { + "id": 7157, + "la": "paulatimadsuefactisuperarimultisquevictiproeliisnesequidemipsicumillisvirtutecomparant", + "en": "Accustomed by degrees to be overmatched and worsted in many engagements, they do not even compare themselves to the Germans in prowess." + }, + { + "id": 7158, + "la": "HuiusHercyniaesilvae,quaesuprademonstrataest,latitudonovemdierumiterexpeditopatet:nonenimaliterfiniripotest,nequemensurasitinerumnoverunt", + "en": "The breadth of this Hercynian forest, which has been referred to above, is to a quick traveler, a journey of nine days. For it can not be otherwise computed, nor are they acquainted with the measures of roads." + }, + { + "id": 7159, + "la": "OriturabHelvetiorumetNemetumetRauracorumfinibusrectaquefluminisDanubiregionepertinetadfinesDacorumetAnartium;", + "en": "It begins at the frontiers of the Helvetii, Nemetes, and Rauraci, and extends in a right line along the river Danube to the territories of the Daci and the Anartes;" + }, + { + "id": 7160, + "la": "hincseflectitsinistrorsusdiversisabflumineregionibusmultarumquegentiumfinesproptermagnitudinemadtingit;", + "en": "it bends thence to the left in a different direction from the river, and owing to its extent touches the confines of many nations" + }, + { + "id": 7161, + "la": "nequequisquamesthuiusGermaniae,quiseautadisseadinitiumeiussilvaedicat,cumdierumiterLXprocesserit,aut,quoexlocooriatur,acceperit", + "en": "nor is there any person belonging to this part of Germany who says that he either has gone to the extremity of that forest, though he had advanced a journey of sixty days, or has heard in what place it begins." + }, + { + "id": 7162, + "la": "Multaqueineageneraferarumnasciconstat,quaereliquisinlocisvisanonsint;exquibusquaemaximedifferantabceterisetmemoriaeprodendavideanturhaecsunt", + "en": "It is certain that many kinds of wild beast are produced in it which have not been seen in other parts; of which the following are such as differ principally from other animals, and appear worthy of being committed to record." + }, + { + "id": 7163, + "la": "Estboscervifigura,cuiusamediafronteinterauresunumcornuexsistitexcelsiusmagisquedirectumhis,quaenobisnotasunt,cornibus:abeiussummosicutpalmaeramiquelatediffunduntur.Eademestfeminaemarisquenatura,eademformamagnitudoquecornuum", + "en": "There is an ox of the shape of a stag, between whose ears a horn rises from the middle of the forehead, higher and straighter than those horns which are known to us. From the top of this, branches, like palms, stretch out a considerable distance. The shape of the female and of the male is the, same; the appearance and the size of the horns is the same." + }, + { + "id": 7164, + "la": "Suntitem,quaeappellanturalces.Harumestconsimiliscaprisfiguraetvarietaspellium,sedmagnitudinepauloanteceduntmutilaequesuntcornibusetcrurasinenodisarticulisquehabent", + "en": "There are also [animals] which are called elks. The shape of these, and the varied color of their skins, is much like roes, but in size they surpass them a little and are destitute of horns, and have legs without joints and ligatures;" + }, + { + "id": 7165, + "la": "nequequietiscausaprocumbuntneque,siquoadflictaecasuconciderunt,erigereseseautsublevarepossunt", + "en": "nor do they lie down for the purpose of rest, nor, if they have been thrown down by any accident, can they raise or lift themselves up." + }, + { + "id": 7166, + "la": "Hissuntarboresprocubilibus:adeasseapplicantatqueitapaulummodoreclinataequietemcapiunt", + "en": "Trees serve as beds to them; they lean themselves against them, and thus reclining only slightly, they take their rest;" + }, + { + "id": 7167, + "la": "Quarumexvestigiiscumestanimadversumavenatoribus,quoserecipereconsuerint,omneseolocoautabradicibussubruuntautacciduntarbores,tantumutsummaspeciesearumstantiumrelinquatur.Huccumseconsuetudinereclinaverunt,", + "en": "when the huntsmen have discovered from the footsteps of these animals whither they are accustomed to betake themselves, they either undermine all the trees at the roots, or cut into them so far that the upper part of the trees may appear to be left standing. When they have leant upon them, according to their habit," + }, + { + "id": 7168, + "la": "infirmasarborespondereadfliguntatqueunaipsaeconcidunt", + "en": "they knock down by their weight the unsupported trees, and fall down themselves along with them." + }, + { + "id": 7169, + "la": "Tertiumestgenuseorum,quiuriappellantur.Hisuntmagnitudinepauloinfraelephantos,specieetcoloreetfiguratauri", + "en": "There is a third kind, consisting of those animals which are called uri. These are a little below the elephant in size, and of the appearance, color, and shape of a bull." + }, + { + "id": 7170, + "la": "Magnaviseorumestetmagnavelocitas,nequehomininequeferaequamconspexeruntparcunt.Hosstudiosefoveiscaptosinterficiunt", + "en": "Their strength and speed are extraordinary; they spare neither man nor wild beast which they have espied. These the Germans take with much pains in pits and kill them." + }, + { + "id": 7171, + "la": "Hocselaboredurantadulescentesatquehocgenerevenationisexercent,etquiplurimosexhisinterfecerunt,relatisinpublicumcornibus,quaesinttestimonio,magnamferuntlaudem", + "en": "The young men harden themselves with this exercise, and practice themselves in this kind of hunting, and those who have slain the greatest number of them, having produced the horns in public, to serve as evidence, receive great praise." + }, + { + "id": 7172, + "la": "Sedadsuescereadhominesetmansuefierineparvuliquidemexceptipossunt", + "en": "But not even when taken very young can they be rendered familiar to men and tamed." + }, + { + "id": 7173, + "la": "Amplitudocornuumetfiguraetspeciesmultumanostrorumboumcornibusdiffert", + "en": "The size, shape, and appearance of their horns differ much from the horns of our oxen." + }, + { + "id": 7174, + "la": "Haecstudioseconquisitaablabrisargentocircumcluduntatqueinamplissimisepulispropoculisutuntur", + "en": "These they anxiously seek after, and bind at the tips with silver, and use as cups at their most sumptuous entertainments." + }, + { + "id": 7175, + "la": "Caesar,postquamperVbiosexploratorescomperitSuebosseseinsilvasrecepisse,inopiamfrumentiveritus,quod,utsuprademonstravimus,minimeomnesGermaniagriculturaestudent,constituitnonprogredilongius;sed,", + "en": "Caesar, after he discovered through the Ubian scouts that the Suevi had retired into their woods, apprehending a scarcity of corn, because, as we have observed above, all the Germans pay very little attention to agriculture, resolved not to proceed any further; but," + }, + { + "id": 7176, + "la": "neomninometumreditussuibarbaristolleretatqueuteorumauxiliatardaret,reductoexercitupartemultimampontis,", + "en": "that he might not altogether relieve the barbarians from the fear of his return, and that he might delay their succors, having led back his army, he breaks down, to the length of 200 feet, the further end of the bridge," + }, + { + "id": 7177, + "la": "quaeripasVbiorumcontingebat,inlongitudinempedumducentorumrescinditatqueinextremoponteturrimtabulatorumquattuorconstituitpraesidiumquecohortiumduodecimpontistuendicausaponitmagnisqueeumlocummunitionibusfirmat.EilocopraesidioqueGaiumVolcatiumTullumadulescentempraefecit", + "en": "which joined the banks of the Ubii, and at the extremity of the bridge raises towers of four stories, and stations a guard of twelve cohorts for the purpose of defending the bridge, and strengthens the place with considerable fortifications. Over that fort and guard he appointed C. Volcatius Tullus, a young man;" + }, + { + "id": 7178, + "la": "Ipse,cummaturescerefrumentainciperent,adbellumAmbiorigisprofectusperArduennamsilvam,quaeesttotiusGalliaemaximaatqueabripisRhenifinibusqueTreverorumadNerviospertinetmilibusqueampliusquingentisinlongitudinempatet,LuciumMinuciumBasilumcumomniequitatupraemittit,siquidceleritateitinerisatqueopportunitatetemporisproficerepossit;", + "en": "he himself, when the corn began to ripen, having set forth for the war with Ambiorix (through the forest Arduenna, which is the largest of all Gaul, and reaches from the banks of the Rhine and the frontiers of the Treviri to those of the Nervii, and extends over more than 500 miles), he sends forward L. Minucius Basilus with all the cavalry, to try if he might gain any advantage by rapid marches and the advantage of time" + }, + { + "id": 7179, + "la": "monet,utignesincastrisfieriprohibeat,nequaeiusadventusproculsignificatiofiat:seseconfestimsubsequidicit", + "en": "he warns him to forbid fires being made in the camp, lest any indication of his approach be given at a distance: he tells him that he will follow immediately." + }, + { + "id": 7180, + "la": "Basilus,utimperatumest,facit.Celeritercontraqueomniumopinionemconfectoitineremultosinagrisinopinantesdeprehendit:eorumindicioadipsumAmbiorigemcontendit,quoinlococumpaucisequitibusessedicebatur", + "en": "Basilus does as he was commanded; having performed his march rapidly, and even surpassed the expectations of all, he surprises in the fields many not expecting him; through their information he advances toward Ambiorix himself, to the place in which he was said to be with a few horse." + }, + { + "id": 7181, + "la": "Multumcuminomnibusrebustuminremilitaripotestfortuna.Namsicutmagnoacciditcasuutinipsumincautumetiamatqueimparatumincideret,priusqueeiusadventusabomnibusvideretur,quamfamaacnuntiusadferretur:sicmagnaefuitfortunaeomnimilitariinstrumento,quodcircumsehabebat,erepto,raedisequisquecomprehensisipsumeffugeremortem.Sedhocquoquefactumest,", + "en": "Fortune accomplishes much, not only in other matters, but also in the art of war. For as it happened by a remarkable chance, that he fell upon [Ambiorix] himself unguarded and unprepared, and that his arrival was seen by the people before the report or information of his arrival was carried thither; so it was an incident of extraordinary fortune that, although every implement of war which he was accustomed to have about him was seized, and his chariots and horses surprised, yet he himself escaped death. But it was effected owing to this circumstance" + }, + { + "id": 7182, + "la": "quodaedificiocircumdatosilva,utsuntferedomiciliaGallorum,quivitandiaestuscausaplerumquesilvarumatquefluminumpetuntpropinquitates,comitesfamiliaresqueeiusangustoinlocopaulisperequitumnostrorumvimsustinuerunt", + "en": "that his house being surrounded by a wood (as are generally the dwellings of the Gauls, who, for the purpose of avoiding heat, mostly seek the neighborhood of woods and rivers), his attendants and friends in a narrow spot sustained for a short time the attack of our horse." + }, + { + "id": 7183, + "la": "Hispugnantibusilluminequumquidamexsuisintulit:fugientemsilvaetexerunt.Sicetadsubeundumpericulumetadvitandummultumfortunavaluit", + "en": "While they were fighting, one of his followers mounted him on a horse; the woods sheltered him as he fled. Thus fortune tended much both toward his encountering and his escaping danger." + }, + { + "id": 7184, + "la": "Ambiorixcopiassuasiudicionenonconduxerit,quodproeliodimicandumnonexistimarit,antemporeexclususetrepentinoequitumadventuprohibitus,cumreliquumexercitumsubsequicrederet,dubiumest", + "en": "Whether Ambiorix did not collect his forces from cool deliberation, because he considered he ought not to engage in a battle, or [whether] he was debarred by time and prevented by the sudden arrival of our horse, when he supposed the rest of the army was closely following, is doubtful:" + }, + { + "id": 7185, + "la": "Sedcertedimissisperagrosnuntiissibiquemqueconsulereiussit.QuorumparsinArduennamsilvam,parsincontinentespaludesprofugit;", + "en": "but certainly, dispatching messengers through the country, he ordered every one to provide for himself; and a part of them fled into the forest Arduenna, a part into the extensive morasses;" + }, + { + "id": 7186, + "la": "quiproximiOceanofuerunt,hisinsulisseseoccultaverunt,quasaestusefficereconsuerunt;", + "en": "those who were nearest the ocean concealed themselves in the islands which the tides usually form;" + }, + { + "id": 7187, + "la": "multiexsuisfinibusegressisesuaqueomniaalienissimiscrediderunt", + "en": "many, departing from their territories, committed themselves and all their possessions to perfect strangers." + }, + { + "id": 7188, + "la": "Catuvolcus,rexdimidiaepartisEburonum,quiunacumAmbiorigeconsiliuminierat,aetateiamconfectus,cumlaboremautbelliautfugaeferrenonposset,omnibusprecibusdetestatusAmbiorigem,quieiusconsiliiauctorfuisset,taxo,cuiusmagnainGalliaGermaniaquecopiaest,seexanimavit", + "en": "Cativolcus, king of one half of the Eburones, who had entered into the design together with Ambiorix, since, being now worn out by age, he was unable to endure the fatigue either of war or flight, having cursed Ambiorix with every imprecation, as the person who had been the contriver of that measure, destroyed himself with the juice of the yew-tree, of which there is a great abundance in Gaul and Germany ." + }, + { + "id": 7189, + "la": "SegniCondrusique,exgenteetnumeroGermanorum,quisuntinterEburonesTreverosque,legatosadCaesaremmiseruntoratum,neseinhostiumnumeroduceretneveomniumGermanorum,quiessentcitraRhenum,unamessecausamiudicaret:nihilsedebellocogitavisse,nullaAmbiorigiauxiliamisisse", + "en": "The Segui and Condrusi, of the nation and number of the Germans, and who are between the Eburones and the Treviri , sent embassadors to Caesar to entreat that he would not regard them in the number of his enemies, nor consider that the cause of all the Germans on this side the Rhine was one and the same; that they had formed no plans of war, and had sent no auxiliaries to Ambiorix." + }, + { + "id": 7190, + "la": "Caesarexploratarequaestionecaptivorum,siquiadeosEburonesexfugaconvenissent,adseutreducerentur,imperavit;siitafecissent,fineseorumseviolaturumnegavit", + "en": "Caesar, having ascertained this fact by an examination of his prisoners, commanded that if any of the Eburones in their flight had repaired to them, they should be sent back to him; he assures them that if they did that, he will not injure their territories." + }, + { + "id": 7191, + "la": "TumcopiisintrespartesdistributisimpedimentaomniumlegionumAduatucamcontulit", + "en": "Then, having divided his forces into three parts, he sent the baggage of all the legions to Aduatuca." + }, + { + "id": 7192, + "la": "Idcastellinomenest.HocfereestinmediisEburonumfinibus,ubiTituriusatqueAurunculeiushiemandicausaconsederant", + "en": "That is the name of a fort. This is nearly in the middle of the Eburones, where Titurius and Aurunculeius had been quartered for the purpose of wintering." + }, + { + "id": 7193, + "la": "Hunccumreliquisrebuslocumprobabat,tumquodsuperiorisannimunitionesintegraemanebant,utmilitumlaboremsublevaret.Praesidioimpedimentislegionemquartamdecimamreliquit,unamexeistribus,quasproximeconscriptasexItaliatraduxerat", + "en": "This place he selected as well on other accounts as because the fortifications of the previous year remained, in order that he might relieve the labor of the soldiers. He left the fourteenth legion as a guard for the baggage, one of those three which he had lately raised in Italy and brought over." + }, + { + "id": 7194, + "la": "EilegionicastrisqueQuintumTulliumCiceronempraeficitducentosqueequitesattribuit", + "en": "Over that legion and camp he places Q. Tullius Cicero and gives him 200 horse." + }, + { + "id": 7195, + "la": "PartitoexercituTitumLabienumcumlegionibustribusadOceanumversusineaspartesquaeMenapiosattinguntproficisciiubet;", + "en": "Having divided the army, he orders T. Labienus to proceed with three legions toward the ocean into those parts which border on the Menapii;" + }, + { + "id": 7196, + "la": "GaiumTreboniumcumparilegionumnumeroadeamregionemquaeadAduatucosadiacetdepopulandammittit;", + "en": "he sends C. Trebonius with a like number of legions to lay waste that district which lies contiguous to the Aduatuci;" + }, + { + "id": 7197, + "la": "ipsecumreliquistribusadflumenScaldem,quodinfluitinMosam,extremasqueArduennaepartisireconstituit,quocumpaucisequitibusprofectumAmbiorigemaudiebat", + "en": "he himself determines to go with the remaining three to the river Sambre , which flows into the Meuse , and to the most remote parts of Arduenna, whither he heard that Ambiorix had gone with a few horse." + }, + { + "id": 7198, + "la": "Discedenspostdiemseptimumsesereversurumconfirmat;quamaddiemeilegioniquaeinpraesidiorelinquebaturdeberifrumentumsciebat", + "en": "When departing, he promises that he will return before the end of the seventh day, on which day he was aware corn was due to that legion which was being left in garrison." + }, + { + "id": 7199, + "la": "LabienumTreboniumquehortatur,sireipublicaecommodofacerepossint,adeumdiemrevertantur,utrursuscommunicatoconsilioexploratisquehostiumrationibusaliudinitiumbellicaperepossint", + "en": "He directs Labienus and Trebonius to return by the same day, if they can do so agreeably to the interests of the republic; so that their measures having been mutually imparted, and the plans of the enemy having been discovered, they might be able to commence a different line of operations." + }, + { + "id": 7200, + "la": "Erat,utsuprademonstravimus,manuscertanulla,nonoppidum,nonpraesidium,quodsearmisdefenderet,sedinomnespartesdispersamultitudo", + "en": "There was, as we have above observed, no regular army, nor a town, nor a garrison which could defend itself by arms; but the people were scattered in all directions." + }, + { + "id": 7201, + "la": "Vbicuiqueautvallesabditaautlocussilvestrisautpalusimpeditaspempraesidiautsalutisaliquamofferebat,consederat", + "en": "Where either a hidden valley, or a woody spot, or a difficult morass furnished any hope of protection or of security to any one, there he had fixed himself." + }, + { + "id": 7202, + "la": "Haeclocavicinitatibuserantnota,magnamqueresdiligentiamrequirebatnoninsummaexercitustuenda(nullumenimpoteratuniversisaperterritisacdispersispericulumaccidere),sedinsingulismilitibusconservandis;quaetamenexparteresadsalutemexercituspertinebat", + "en": "These places were known to those who dwelt in the neighborhood, and the matter demanded great attention, not so much in protecting the main body of the army (for no peril could occur to them altogether from those alarmed and scattered troops), as in preserving individual soldiers; which in some measure tended to the safety of the army." + }, + { + "id": 7203, + "la": "Nametpraedaecupiditasmultoslongiusevocabat,etsilvaeincertisoccultisqueitineribusconfertosadireprohibebant", + "en": "For both the desire of booty was leading many too far, and the woods with their unknown and hidden routes would not allow them to go in large bodies." + }, + { + "id": 7204, + "la": "Sinegotiumconficistirpemquehominumsceleratoruminterficivellet,dimittendaepluresmanusdiducendiqueerantmilites;", + "en": "If he desired the business to be completed and the race of those infamous people to be cut off, more bodies of men must be sent in several directions and the soldiers must be detached on all sides;" + }, + { + "id": 7205, + "la": "sicontinereadsignamanipulosvellet,utinstitutaratioetconsuetudoexercitusRomanipostulabat,locusipseeratpraesidiobarbaris,nequeexoccultoinsidiandietdispersoscircumveniendisingulisdeerataudacia", + "en": "if he were disposed to keep the companies at their standards, as the established discipline and practice of the Roman army required, the situation itself was a safeguard to the barbarians, nor was there wanting to individuals the daring to lay secret ambuscades and beset scattered soldiers." + }, + { + "id": 7206, + "la": "Vtineiusmodidifficultatibus,quantumdiligentiaprovideripoteratprovidebatur,utpotiusinnocendoaliquidpraetermitteretur,etsiomniumanimiadulciscendumardebant,quamcumaliquomilitumdetrimentonoceretur", + "en": "But amid difficulties of this nature as far as precautions could be taken by vigilance, such precautions were taken; so that some opportunities of injuring the enemy were neglected, though the minds of all were burning to take revenge, rather than that injury should be effected with any loss to our soldiers." + }, + { + "id": 7207, + "la": "DimittitadfinitimascivitatesnuntiosCaesar:omnesadsevocatspepraedaeaddiripiendosEburones,utpotiusinsilvisGallorumvitaquamlegionariusmilespericlitetur,simulutmagnamultitudinecircumfusaprotalifacinorestirpsacnomencivitatistollatur", + "en": "Caesar dispatches messengers to the neighboring states; by the hope of booty he invites all to him, for the purpose of plundering the Eburones, in order that the life of the Gauls might be hazarded in the woods rather than the legionary soldiers; at the same time, in order that a large force being drawn around them, the race and name of that state may be annihilated for such a crime." + }, + { + "id": 7208, + "la": "Magnusundiquenumerusceleriterconvenit", + "en": "A large number from all quarters speedily assembles." + }, + { + "id": 7209, + "la": "HaecinomnibusEburonumpartibusgerebantur,diesqueappetebatseptimus,quemaddiemCaesaradimpedimentalegionemquereverticonstituerat", + "en": "These things were going on in all parts of the territories of the Eburones, and the seventh day was drawing near, by which day Caesar had purposed to return to the baggage and the legion." + }, + { + "id": 7210, + "la": "Hicquantuminbellofortunapossitetquantosadferatcasuscognoscipotuit", + "en": "Here it might be learned how much fortune achieves in war, and how great casualties she produces." + }, + { + "id": 7211, + "la": "Dissipatisacperterritishostibus,utdemonstravimus,manuseratnullaquaeparvammodocausamtimorisadferret", + "en": "The enemy having been scattered and alarmed, as we related above, there was no force which might produce even a slight occasion of fear." + }, + { + "id": 7212, + "la": "TransRhenumadGermanospervenitfama,diripiEburonesatqueultroomnesadpraedamevocari", + "en": "The report extends beyond the Rhine to the Germans that the Eburones are being pillaged, and that all were without distinction invited to the plunder." + }, + { + "id": 7213, + "la": "CoguntequitumduomiliaSugambri,quisuntproximiRheno,aquibusreceptosexfugaTencterosatqueVsipetessupradocuimus", + "en": "The Sigambri, who are nearest to the Rhine , by whom, we have mentioned above, the Tenchtheri and Usipetes were received after their retreat, collect 2,000 horse;" + }, + { + "id": 7214, + "la": "TranseuntRhenumnavibusratibusquetrigintamilibuspassuuminfraeumlocum,ubiponseratperfectuspraesidiumqueabCaesarerelictum:primosEburonumfinesadeunt;multosexfugadispersosexcipiunt,magnopecorisnumero,cuiussuntcupidissimibarbari,potiuntur", + "en": "they cross the Rhine in ships and barks thirty miles below that place where the bridge was entire and the garrison left by Caesar; they arrive at the frontiers of the Eburones, surprise many who were scattered in flight, and get possession of a large amount of cattle, of which barbarians are extremely covetous." + }, + { + "id": 7215, + "la": "Invitatipraedalongiusprocedunt.Nonhospalusinbellolatrociniisquenatos,nonsilvaemorantur.QuibusinlocissitCaesarexcaptivisquaerunt;profectumlongiusreperiuntomnemqueexercitumdiscessissecognoscunt", + "en": "Allured by booty, they advance further; neither morass nor forest obstructs these men, born amid war and depredations; they inquire of their prisoners in what part Caesar is; they find that he has advanced further, and learn that all the army has removed." + }, + { + "id": 7216, + "la": "Atqueunusexcaptivis\"Quidvos,\"inquit, \"hancmiseramactenuemsectaminipraedam,quibuslicetiamessefortunatissimos?", + "en": "Thereon one of the prisoners says, \"Why do you pursue such wretched and trifling spoil; you, to whom it is granted to become even now most richly endowed by fortune?" + }, + { + "id": 7217, + "la": "TribushorisAduatucamvenirepotestis:hucomnessuasfortunasexercitusRomanorumcontulit:praesiditantumest,utnemurusquidemcingipossit,nequequisquamegrediextramunitionesaudeat.\"", + "en": "In three hours you can reach Aduatuca; there the Roman army has deposited all its fortunes; there is so little of a garrison that not even the wall can be manned, nor dare any one go beyond the fortifications.\"" + }, + { + "id": 7218, + "la": "OblataspeGermaniquamnactierantpraedaminoccultorelinquunt;ipsiAduatucamcontenduntusieodemduce,cuiushaecindiciocognoverant", + "en": "A hope having been presented them, the Germans leave in concealment the plunder they had acquired; they themselves hasten to Aduatuca, employing as their guide the same man by whose information they had become informed of these things." + }, + { + "id": 7219, + "la": "Cicero,quiomnessuperioresdiespraeceptisCaesariscumsummadiligentiamilitesincastriscontinuissetacnecalonemquidemquemquamextramunitionemegredipassusesset,septimodiediffidensdenumerodierumCaesaremfidemservaturum,quodlongiusprogressumaudiebat,nequeulladereditueiusfamaadferebatur,simuleorumpermotusvocibus,", + "en": "Cicero, who during all the foregoing days had kept his soldiers in camp with the greatest exactness, and agreeable to the injunctions of Caesar, had not permitted even any of the camp-followers to go beyond the fortification, distrusting on the seventh day that Caesar would keep his promise as to the number of days, because he heard that he had proceeded further, and no report as to his return was brought to him, and being urged at the same time by the expressions" + }, + { + "id": 7220, + "la": "quiilliuspatientiampaeneobsessionemappellabant,siquidemexcastrisegredinonliceret,nullumeiusmodicasumexspectans,quonovemoppositislegionibusmaximoqueequitatudispersisacpaenedeletishostibusinmilibuspassuumtribusoffendiposset,quinquecohortesfrumentatuminproximassegetesmittit,quasinteretcastraunusomninocollisintererat.Complureserantexlegionibusaegrirelicti;", + "en": "of those who called his tolerance almost a siege, if, forsooth, it was not permitted them to go out of the camp, since he might expect no disaster, whereby he could be injured, within three miles of the camp, while nine legions and all the cavalry were under arms, and the enemy scattered and almost annihilated, sent five cohorts into the neighboring corn-lands, between which and the camp only one hill intervened, for the purpose of foraging. Many soldiers of the legions had been left invalided in the camp," + }, + { + "id": 7221, + "la": "exquibusquihocspatiodierumconvaluerant,circiterCCC,subvexillounamittuntur;magnapraetereamultitudocalonum,magnavisiumentorum,quaeincastrissubsederant,factapotestatesequitur", + "en": "of whom those who had recovered in this space of time, being about 300, are sent together under one standard; a large number of soldiers' attendants besides, with a great number of beasts of burden, which had remained in the camp, permission being granted, follow them." + }, + { + "id": 7222, + "la": "HocipsotemporeetcasuGermaniequitesinterveniuntprotinusqueeodemillo,quovenerant,cursuabdecumanaportaincastrairrumpereconantur,", + "en": "At this very time, the German horse by chance came up, and immediately, with the same speed with which they had advanced, attempt to force the camp at the Decuman gate" + }, + { + "id": 7223, + "la": "necpriussuntvisiobiectisabeapartesilvis,quamcastrisappropinquarent,usqueeoutquisubvallotenderentmercatoresrecipiendisuifacultatemnonhaberent", + "en": "nor were they seen, in consequence of woods lying in the way on that side, before they were just reaching the camp: so much so, that the sutlers who had their booths under the rampart had not an opportunity of retreating within the camp." + }, + { + "id": 7224, + "la": "Inopinantesnostrirenovaperturbantur,acvixprimumimpetumcohorsinstationesustinet", + "en": "Our men, not anticipating it, are perplexed by the sudden affair, and the cohort on the outpost scarcely sustains the first attack." + }, + { + "id": 7225, + "la": "Circumfundunturexreliquishostespartibus,siquemaditumreperirepossent", + "en": "The enemy spread themselves on the other sides to ascertain if they could find any access." + }, + { + "id": 7226, + "la": "Aegreportasnostrituentur,reliquosadituslocusipsepersemunitioquedefendit", + "en": "Our men with difficulty defend the gates; the very position of itself and the fortification secures the other accesses." + }, + { + "id": 7227, + "la": "Totistrepidaturcastris,atquealiusexaliocausamtumultusquaerit;nequequosignaferanturnequequaminpartemquisqueconveniatprovident", + "en": "There is a panic in the entire camp, and one inquires of another the cause of the confusion, nor do they readily determine whither the standards should be borne, nor into what quarter each should betake himself." + }, + { + "id": 7228, + "la": "Aliusiamcastracaptapronuntiat,aliusdeletoexercituatqueimperatorevictoresbarbarosvenissecontendit;", + "en": "One avows that the camp is already taken, another maintains that, the enemy having destroyed the army and commander-in-chief, are come hither as conquerors;" + }, + { + "id": 7229, + "la": "pleriquenovassibiexlocoreligionesfinguntCottaequeetTituricalamitatem,quiineodemocciderintcastello,anteoculosponunt", + "en": "most form strange superstitious fancies from the spot, and place before their eyes the catastrophe of Cotta and Titurius, who had fallen in the same fort." + }, + { + "id": 7230, + "la": "Talitimoreomnibusperterritisconfirmaturopiniobarbaris,utexcaptivoaudierant,nullumesseintuspraesidium", + "en": "All being greatly disconcerted by this alarm, the belief of the barbarians is strengthened that there is no garrison within, as they had heard from their prisoner." + }, + { + "id": 7231, + "la": "perrumperenituntursequeipsiadhortantur,netantamfortunamexmanibusdimittant", + "en": "They endeavor to force an entrance and encourage one another not to cast from their hands so valuable a prize." + }, + { + "id": 7232, + "la": "ErataegercumpraesidiorelictusPubliusSextiusBaculus,quiprimumpilumadCaesaremduxerat,cuiusmentionemsuperioribusproeliisfecimus,acdiemiamquintumcibocaruerat", + "en": "P. Sextius Baculus, who had led a principal century under Caesar (of whom we have made mention in previous engagements), had been left an invalid in the garrison, and had now been five days without food." + }, + { + "id": 7233, + "la": "Hicdiffisussuaeatqueomniumsalutiinermisextabernaculoprodit:videtimminerehostesatqueinsummoesseremdiscrimine:capitarmaaproximisatqueinportaconsistit:", + "en": "He, distrusting his own safety and that of all, goes forth from his tent unarmed; he sees that the enemy are close at hand and that the matter is in the utmost danger; he snatches arms from those nearest, and stations himself at the gate." + }, + { + "id": 7234, + "la": "consequunturhunccenturioneseiuscohortisquaeinstationeerat:paulisperunaproeliumsustinent", + "en": "The centurions of that cohort which was on guard follow him; for a short time they sustain the fight together." + }, + { + "id": 7235, + "la": "RelinquitanimusSextiumgravibusacceptisvulneribus:aegrepermanustractusservatur", + "en": "Sextius faints, after receiving many wounds; he is with difficulty saved, drawn away by the hands of the soldiers." + }, + { + "id": 7236, + "la": "Hocspatiointerpositoreliquiseseconfirmanttantum,utinmunitionibusconsistereaudeantspeciemquedefensorumpraebeant", + "en": "This space having intervened, the others resume courage so far as to venture to take their place on the fortifications and present the aspect of defenders." + }, + { + "id": 7237, + "la": "Interimconfectafrumentationemilitesnostriclamoremexaudiunt:praecurruntequites;quantoressitinpericulocognoscunt", + "en": "The foraging having in the mean time been completed, our soldiers distinctly hear the shout; the horse hasten on before and discover in what danger the affair is." + }, + { + "id": 7238, + "la": "Hicveronullamunitioestquaeperterritosrecipiat:modoconscriptiatqueususmilitarisimperitiadtribunummilitumcenturionesqueoraconvertunt;quidabhispraecipiaturexspectant.Nemoesttamfortisquinreinovitateperturbetur", + "en": "But here there is no fortification to receive them, in their alarm: those last enlisted, and unskilled in military discipline turn their faces to the military tribune and the centurions; they wait to find what orders may be given by them. No one is so courageous as not to be disconcerted by the suddenness of the affair." + }, + { + "id": 7239, + "la": "Barbarisignaproculconspicatioppugnationedesistunt:", + "en": "The barbarians, espying our standard in the distance, desist from the attack;" + }, + { + "id": 7240, + "la": "redisseprimolegionescredunt,quaslongiusdiscessisseexcaptiviscognoverant;posteadespectapaucitateexomnibuspartibusimpetumfaciunt", + "en": "at first they suppose that the legions, which they had learned from their prisoners had removed further off, had returned; afterward, despising their small number, they make an attack on them at all sides." + }, + { + "id": 7241, + "la": "Calonesinproximumtumulumprocurrunt.Hincceleriterdeiectiseinsignamanipulosqueconiciunt:eomagistimidosperterrentmilites", + "en": "The camp-followers run forward to the nearest rising ground; being speedily driven from this they throw themselves among the standards and companies: they thus so much the more alarm the soldiers already affrighted." + }, + { + "id": 7242, + "la": "Aliicuneofactoutceleriterperrumpantcensent,quoniamtampropinquasintcastra,etsiparsaliquacircumventaceciderit,atreliquosservariposseconfidunt;", + "en": "Some propose that, forming a wedge, they suddenly break through, since the camp was so near; and if any part should be surrounded and slain, they fully trust that at least the rest may be saved;" + }, + { + "id": 7243, + "la": "alii,utiniugoconsistantatqueeundemomnesferantcasum", + "en": "others, that they take their stand on an eminence, and all undergo the same destiny." + }, + { + "id": 7244, + "la": "Hocveteresnonprobantmilites,quossubvexillounaprofectosdocuimus.ItaqueintersecohortatiduceGaioTrebonio,equiteRomano,quieiseratpraepositus,permedioshostesperrumpuntincolumesqueadunumomnesincastraperveniunt", + "en": "The veteran soldiers whom we stated to have set out together [with the others] under a standard, do not approve of this. Therefore encouraging each other, under the conduct of Caius Trebonius, a Roman knight, who had been appointed over them, they break through the midst of the enemy, and arrive in the camp safe to a man." + }, + { + "id": 7245, + "la": "Hossubsecuticalonesequitesqueeodemimpetumilitumvirtuteservantur", + "en": "The camp attendants and the horse following close upon them with the same impetuosity, are saved by the courage of the soldiers." + }, + { + "id": 7246, + "la": "Ateiquiiniugoconstiterant,nulloetiamnuncusureimilitarisperceptonequeineoquodprobaverantconsiliopermanere,utselocosuperioredefenderent,nequeeamquamprodessealiisvimceleritatemqueviderantimitaripotuerunt,sedseincastrarecipereconatiiniquuminlocumdemiserunt", + "en": "But those who had taken their stand upon the eminence having even now acquired no experience of military matters, neither could persevere in that resolution which they approved of, namely, to defend themselves from their higher position, nor imitate that vigor and speed which they had observed to have availed others; but, attempting to reach the camp, had descended into an unfavorable situation." + }, + { + "id": 7247, + "la": "Centuriones,quorumnonnulliexinferioribusordinibusreliquarumlegionumvirtutiscausainsuperioreserantordineshuiuslegionistraducti,neantepartamreimilitarislaudemamitterent,fortissimepugnantesconciderunt", + "en": "The centurions, some of whom had been promoted for their valor from the lower ranks of other legions to higher ranks in this legion, in order that they might not forfeit their glory for military exploits previously acquired, fell together fighting most valiantly" + }, + { + "id": 7248, + "la": "Militumparshorumvirtutesummotishostibuspraeterspemincolumisincastrapervenit,parsabarbariscircumventaperiit", + "en": "The enemy having been dislodged by their valor, a part of the soldiers arrived safe in camp contrary to their expectations; a part perished, surrounded by the barbarians." + }, + { + "id": 7249, + "la": "Germanidesperataexpugnationecastrorum,quodnostrosiamconstitisseinmunitionibusvidebant,cumeapraedaquaminsilvisdeposueranttransRhenumsesereceperunt", + "en": "The Germans, despairing of taking the camp by storm, because they saw that our men had taken up their position on the fortifications, retreated beyond the Rhine with that plunder which they had deposited in the woods." + }, + { + "id": 7250, + "la": "Actantusfuitetiampostdiscessumhostiumterroruteanocte,cumGaiusVolusenusmissuscumequitatuadcastravenisset,fidemnonfaceretadessecumincolumiCaesaremexercitu", + "en": "And so great was the alarm, even after the departure of the enemy, that when C. Volusenus, who had been sent with the cavalry, arrived that night, he could not gain credence that Caesar was close at hand with his army safe." + }, + { + "id": 7251, + "la": "SicomninoanimostimorpraeoccupaveratutpaenealienatamentedeletisomnibuscopiisequitatumseexfugarecepissedicerentnequeincolumiexercituGermanoscastraoppugnaturosfuissecontenderent", + "en": "Fear had so pre-occupied the minds of all, that their reason being almost estranged, they said that all the other forces having been cut off, the cavalry alone had arrived there by flight, and asserted that, if the army were safe, the Germans would not have attacked the camp;" + }, + { + "id": 7252, + "la": "QuemtimoremCaesarisadventussustulit", + "en": "which fear the arrival of Caesar removed." + }, + { + "id": 7253, + "la": "Reversusilleeventusbellinonignoransunum,quodcohortesexstationeetpraesidioessentemissae,questusneminimoquidemcasulocumrelinquidebuisse,multumfortunaminrepentinohostiumadventupotuisseiudicavit,", + "en": "He, on his return, being well aware of the casualties of war, complained of one thing [only], namely, that the cohorts had been sent away from the outposts and garrison [duty], and pointed out that room ought not to have been left for even the most trivial casualty; that fortune had exercised great influence in the sudden arrival of their enemy;" + }, + { + "id": 7254, + "la": "multoetiamamplius,quodpaeneabipsovalloportisquecastrorumbarbarosavertisset.quarumomniumrerummaximeadmirandumvidebatur,", + "en": "much greater, in that she had turned the barbarians away from the very rampart and gates of the camp. Of all which events, it seemed the most surprising," + }, + { + "id": 7255, + "la": "quodGermani,quieoconsilioRhenumtransierant,utAmbiorigisfinesdepopularentur,adcastraRomanorumdelatioptatissimumAmbiorigibeneficiumobtulerunt", + "en": "that the Germans, who had crossed the Rhine with this object, that they might plunder the territories of Ambiorix, being led to the camp of the Romans, rendered Ambiorix a most acceptable service." + }, + { + "id": 7256, + "la": "Caesarrursusadvexandoshostesprofectusmagnocoactonumeroexfinitimiscivitatibusinomnespartesdimittit", + "en": "Caesar, having again marched to harass the enemy, after collecting a large number [of auxiliaries] from the neighboring states, dispatches them in all directions." + }, + { + "id": 7257, + "la": "Omnesviciatqueomniaaedificiaquaequisqueconspexeratincendebantur;praedaexomnibuslocisagebatur;", + "en": "All the villages and all the buildings, which each beheld, were on fire: spoil was being driven off from all parts;" + }, + { + "id": 7258, + "la": "frumentanonsolumtantamultitudineiumentorumatquehominumconsumebantur,sedetiamannitemporeatqueimbribusprocubuerantut,siquietiaminpraesentiaseoccultassent,tamenhisdeductoexerciturerumomniuminopiapereundumvideretur", + "en": "the corn not only was being consumed by so great numbers of cattle and men, but also had fallen to the earth, owing to the time of the year and the storms; so that if any had concealed themselves for the present, still, it appeared likely that they must perish through want of all things, when the army should be drawn off." + }, + { + "id": 7259, + "la": "Acsaepeineumlocumventumesttantoinomnespartesdivisoequitatu,utmodovisumabseAmbiorigeminfugacircumspicerentcaptivinecplaneetiamabisseexconspectucontenderent,utspeconsequendiillataatqueinfinitolaboresuscepto,", + "en": "And frequently it came to that point, as so large a body of cavalry had been sent abroad in all directions, that the prisoners declared Ambiorix had just then been seen by them in flight, and had not even passed out of sight, so that the hope of overtaking him being raised, and unbounded exertions having been resorted to," + }, + { + "id": 7260, + "la": "quisesummamabCaesaregratiaminiturosputarent,paenenaturamstudiovincerent,semperquepaulumadsummamfelicitatemdefuissevideretur,", + "en": "those who thought they should acquire the highest favor with Caesar, nearly overcame nature by their ardor, and continually, a little only seemed wanting to complete success; but he rescued himself by [means of] lurking-places and forests," + }, + { + "id": 7261, + "la": "atqueillelatebrisautsaltibusseeriperetetnoctuoccultatusaliasregionespartesquepeteretnonmaioreequitumpraesidioquamquattuor,quibussolisvitamsuamcommittereaudebat", + "en": "and, concealed by the night made for other districts and quarters, with no greater guard than that of four horsemen, to whom along he ventured to confide his life." + }, + { + "id": 7262, + "la": "TalimodovastatisregionibusexercitumCaesarduarumcohortiumdamnoDurocortorumRemorumreducitconcilioqueineumlocumGalliaeindictodeconiurationeSenonumetCarnutumquaestionemhabereinstituitetdeAccone,quiprincepseiusconsilifuerat,", + "en": "Having devastated the country in such a manner, Caesar leads back his army with the loss of two cohorts to Durocortorum of the Remi, and, having summoned a council of Gaul to assemble at that place, he resolved to hold an investigation respecting the conspiracy of the Senones and Carnutes, and having pronounced a most severe sentence upon Acco, who had been the contriver of that plot," + }, + { + "id": 7263, + "la": "gravioresententiapronuntiatamoremaiorumsuppliciumsumpsit", + "en": "he punished him after the custom of our ancestors." + }, + { + "id": 7264, + "la": "Nonnulliiudiciumveritiprofugerunt.Quibuscumaquaatqueigniinterdixisset,duaslegionesadfinesTreverorum,duasinLingonibus,sexreliquasinSenonumfinibusAgedinciinhiberniscollocavitfrumentoqueexercituiproviso,utinstituerat,inItaliamadconventusagendosprofectusest", + "en": "Some fearing a trial, fled; when he had forbidden these fire and water, he stationed in winter quarters two legions at the frontiers of the Treviri , two among the Lingones , the remaining six atAgendicum, in the territories of the Senones ; and, having provided corn for the army, he set out for Italy, as he had determined, to hold the assizes." + }, + { + "id": 7265, + "la": "QuietaGalliaCaesar,utconstituerat,inItaliamadconventusagendosproficiscitur.IbicognoscitdeClodiicaede[de]senatusqueconsultocertiorfactus,utomnesiunioresItaliaeconiurarent,delectumtotaprovinciahabereinstituit", + "en": "Gaul being tranquil, Caesar, as he had determined, sets out for Italy to hold the provincial assizes. There he receives intelligence of the death of Clodius; and, being informed of the decree of the senate, [to the effect] that all the youth of Italy should take the military oath, he determined to hold a levy throughout the entire province." + }, + { + "id": 7266, + "la": "EaeresinGalliamTransalpinamceleriterperferuntur.AdduntipsietadfinguntrumoribusGalli,quodresposcerevidebatur,retineriurbanomotuCaesaremnequeintantisdissensionibusadexercitumvenireposse", + "en": "Report of these events is rapidly borne into Transalpine Gaul. The Gauls themselves add to the report, and invent what the case seemed to require, [namely] that Caesar was detained by commotions in the city, and could not, amid so violent dissensions, come to his army." + }, + { + "id": 7267, + "la": "Hacimpulsioccasione,quiiamantesepopuliRomaniimperiosubiectosdolerentliberiusatqueaudaciusdebelloconsiliainireincipiunt", + "en": "Animated by this opportunity, they who already, previously to this occurrence, were indignant that they were reduced beneath the dominion of Rome , begin to organize their plans for war more openly and daringly." + }, + { + "id": 7268, + "la": "IndictisinterseprincipesGalliaeconciliissilvestribusacremotislocisquerunturdeAcconismorte;", + "en": "The leading men of Gaul, having convened councils among themselves in the woods, and retired places, complain of the death of Acco:" + }, + { + "id": 7269, + "la": "possehunccasumadipsosrecideredemonstrant:miseranturcommunemGalliaefortunam:omnibuspollicitationibusacpraemiisdeposcuntquibelliinitiumfaciantetsuicapitispericuloGalliaminlibertatemvindicent", + "en": "they point out that this fate may fall in turn on themselves: they bewail the unhappy fate of Gaul; and by every sort of promises and rewards, they earnestly solicit some to begin the war, and assert the freedom of Gaul at the hazard of their lives." + }, + { + "id": 7270, + "la": "Inprimisrationemessehabendamdicunt,priusquameorumclandestinaconsiliaefferantur,utCaesarabexercituintercludatur.Idessefacile,", + "en": "They say that special care should be paid to this, that Caesar should be cut off from his army before their secret plans should be divulged. That this was easy," + }, + { + "id": 7271, + "la": "quodnequelegionesaudeantabsenteimperatoreexhibernisegredi,nequeimperatorsinepraesidioadlegionespervenirepossit;", + "en": "because neither would the legions, in the absence of their general, dare to leave their winter quarters, nor could the general reach his army without a guard:" + }, + { + "id": 7272, + "la": "postremoinaciepraestareinterficiquamnonveterembelligloriamlibertatemquequamamaioribusacceperintrecuperare", + "en": "finally, that it was better to be slain in battle, than not to recover their ancient glory in war, and that freedom which they had received from their forefathers." + }, + { + "id": 7273, + "la": "HisrebusagitatisprofitenturCarnutessenullumpericulumcommunissalutiscausarecusareprincipesqueexomnibusbellumfacturospollicenturet,", + "en": "While these things are in agitation, the Carnutes declare \"that they would decline no danger for the sake of the general safety, and promise\" that they would be the first of all to begin the war; and" + }, + { + "id": 7274, + "la": "quoniaminpraesentiaobsidibuscavereintersenonpossintneresefferatur,utiureiurandoacfidesanciatur,petunt,collatismilitaribussignis,quomoreeorumgravissimacaerimoniacontinetur,nefactoinitiobelliabreliquisdeserantur", + "en": "since they can not at present take precautions, by giving and receiving hostages, that the affair shall not be divulged, they require that a solemn assurance be given them by oath and plighted honor, their military standards being brought together (in which manner their most sacred obligations are made binding)," + }, + { + "id": 7275, + "la": "Vbieadiesvenit,CarnutesCotuatoetConconnetodumnoducibus,desperatishominibus,CenabumsignodatoconcurruntcivesqueRomanos,quinegotiandicausaibiconstiterant,inhisGaiumFufiumCitam,honestumequitemRomanum,quireifrumentariaeiussuCaesarispraeerat,interficiuntbonaqueeorumdiripiunt", + "en": "When the appointed day came, the Carnutes, under the command of Cotuatus and Conetodunus, desperate men, meet together at Genabum , and slay the Roman citizens who had settled there for the purpose of trading (among the rest, Caius Fusius Cita, a distinguished Roman knight, who by Caesar's orders had presided over the provision department), and plunder their property." + }, + { + "id": 7276, + "la": "CeleriteradomnesGalliaecivitatesfamaperfertur.Namubicumquemaioratqueillustriorinciditres,clamoreperagrosregionesquesignificant;huncaliideincepsexcipiuntetproximistradunt,uttumaccidit", + "en": "The report is quickly spread among all the states of Gaul; for, whenever a more important and remarkable event takes place, they transmit the intelligence through their lands and districts by a shout; the others take it up in succession, and pass it to their neighbors, as happened on this occasion;" + }, + { + "id": 7277, + "la": "NamquaeCenabiorientesolegestaessent,anteprimamconfectamvigiliaminfinibusArvernorumauditasunt,quodspatiumestmiliumpassuumcircitercentumLX", + "en": "for the things which were done at Genabum at sunrise, were heard in the territories of the Arverni before the end of the first watch, which is an extent of more than a hundred and sixty miles." + }, + { + "id": 7278, + "la": "SimilirationeibiVercingetorix,Celtillifilius,Arvernus,summaepotentiaeadulescens,cuiuspaterprincipatumGalliaetotiusobtinueratetobeamcausam,quodregnumappetebat,abcivitateeratinterfectus,convocatissuisclientibusfacileincendit", + "en": "There in like manner, Vercingetorix the son of Celtillus the Arvernian, a young man of the highest power (whose father had held the supremacy of entire Gaul, and had been put to death by his fellow-citizens, for this reason, because he aimed at sovereign power), summoned together his dependents, and easily excited them." + }, + { + "id": 7279, + "la": "Cognitoeiusconsilioadarmaconcurritur.ProhibeturabGobannitione,patruosuo,reliquisqueprincipibus,quihanctemptandamfortunamnonexistimabant;expelliturexoppidoGergovia;", + "en": "On his design being made known, they rush to arms: he is expelled from the town of Gergovia , by his uncle Gobanitio and the rest of the nobles, who were of opinion, that such an enterprise ought not to be hazarded:" + }, + { + "id": 7280, + "la": "nondestitittamenatqueinagrishabetdilectumegentiumacperditorum.Haccoactamanu,quoscumqueaditexcivitateadsuamsententiamperducit;", + "en": "he did not however desist, but held in the country a levy of the needy and desperate. Having collected such a body of troops, he brings over to his sentiments such of his fellow-citizens as he has access to:" + }, + { + "id": 7281, + "la": "hortaturutcommunislibertatiscausaarmacapiant,magnisquecoactiscopiisadversariossuosaquibuspauloanteerateiectusexpellitexcivitate", + "en": "he exhorts them to take up arms in behalf of the general freedom, and having assembled great forces he drives from the state his opponents, by whom he had been expelled a short time previously." + }, + { + "id": 7282, + "la": "Rexabsuisappellatur.Dimittitquoqueversuslegationes;obtestaturutinfidemaneant", + "en": "He is saluted king by his partisans; he sends embassadors in every direction, he conjures them to adhere firmly to their promise." + }, + { + "id": 7283, + "la": "CeleritersibiSenones,Parisios,Pictones,Cadurcos,Turonos,Aulercos,Lemovices,AndosreliquosqueomnesquiOceanumattinguntadiungit:omniumconsensuadeumdeferturimperium", + "en": "He quickly attaches to his interests the Senones , Parisii , Pictones, Cadurci, Turones , Aulerci, Lemovice, and all the others who border on the ocean; the supreme command is conferred on him by unanimous consent." + }, + { + "id": 7284, + "la": "Quaoblatapotestateomnibushiscivitatibusobsidesimperat,certumnumerummilitumadseceleriteradduciiubet,", + "en": "On obtaining this authority, he demands hostages from all these states, he orders a fixed number of soldiers to be sent to him immediately;" + }, + { + "id": 7285, + "la": "armorumquantumquaequecivitasdomiquodqueantetempusefficiatconstituit;inprimisequitatuistudet", + "en": "he determines what quantity of arms each state shall prepare at home, and before what time; he pays particular attention to the cavalry." + }, + { + "id": 7286, + "la": "Summaediligentiaesummamimperiseveritatemaddit;magnitudinesupplicidubitantescogit", + "en": "To the utmost vigilance he adds the utmost rigor of authority; and by the severity of his punishments brings over the wavering:" + }, + { + "id": 7287, + "la": "nammaiorecommissodelictoigniatqueomnibustormentisnecat,levioredecausaauribusdesectisautsinguliseffossisoculisdomumremittit,utsintreliquisdocumentoetmagnitudinepoenaeperterreantalios", + "en": "for on the commission of a greater crime he puts the perpetrators to death by fire and every sort of tortures; for a slighter cause, he sends home the offenders with their ears cut off, or one of their eyes put out, that they may be an example to the rest, and frighten others by the severity of their punishment." + }, + { + "id": 7288, + "la": "HissuppliciisceleritercoactoexercituLucteriumCadurcum,summaehominemaudaciae,cumpartecopiaruminRutenosmittit;ipseinBiturigesproficiscitur.EiusadventuBiturigesadAeduos,", + "en": "Having quickly collected an army by their punishments, he sends Lucterius, one of the Cadurci, a man the utmost daring, with part of his forces, into the territory of the Ruteni; and marches in person into the country of the Bituriges. On his arrival, the Bituriges send embassadors to the Aedui," + }, + { + "id": 7289, + "la": "quorumerantinfide,legatosmittuntsubsidiumrogatum,quofaciliushostiumcopiassustinerepossint", + "en": "under whose protection they were, to solicit aid in order that they might more easily resist the forces of the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 7290, + "la": "Aeduideconsiliolegatorum,quosCaesaradexercitumreliquerat,copiasequitatuspeditatusquesubsidioBiturigibusmittunt", + "en": "The Aedui, by the advice of the lieutenants whom Caesar had left with the army, send supplies of horse and foot to succor the Bituriges." + }, + { + "id": 7291, + "la": "QuicumadflumenLigerimvenissent,quodBiturigesabAeduisdividit,paucosdiesibimoratinequeflumentransire", + "en": "When they came to the river Loire , which separates the Bituriges from the Aedui, they delayed a few days there, and, not daring to pass the river," + }, + { + "id": 7292, + "la": "ausidomumrevertunturlegatisquenostrisrenuntiantseBiturigumperfidiamveritosrevertisse,quibusidconsilifuissecognoverint,ut,siflumentransissent,unaexparteipsi,alteraArvernisecircumsisterent", + "en": "return home, and send back word to the lieutenants that they had returned through fear of the treachery of the Bituriges, who, they ascertained, had formed this design, that if the Aedui should cross the river, the Bituriges on the one side, and the Arverni on the other, should surround them." + }, + { + "id": 7293, + "la": "Ideanedecausa,quamlegatispronuntiarunt,anperfidiaadductifecerint,quodnihilnobisconstat,nonvideturprocertoesseproponendum", + "en": "Whether they did this for the reason which they alleged to the lieutenants, or influenced by treachery, we think that we ought not to state as certain, because we have no proof." + }, + { + "id": 7294, + "la": "BiturigeseorumdiscessustatimcumArvernisiunguntur", + "en": "On their departure, the Bituriges immediately unite themselves to the Arverni." + }, + { + "id": 7295, + "la": "HisrebusinItaliamCaesarinuntiatis,cumiamilleurbanasresvirtuteCn.Pompeicommodioreminstatumpervenisseintellegeret,inTransalpinamGalliamprofectusest", + "en": "These affairs being announced to Caesar in Italy, at the time when he understood that matters in the city had been reduced to a more tranquil state by the energy of Cneius Pompey, he set out for Transalpine Gaul." + }, + { + "id": 7296, + "la": "Eocumvenisset,magnadifficultateadficiebatur,quarationeadexercitumpervenireposset", + "en": "After he had arrived there, he was greatly at a loss to know by what means he could reach his army." + }, + { + "id": 7297, + "la": "Namsilegionesinprovinciamarcesseret,seabsenteinitinereproeliodimicaturasintellegebat;", + "en": "For if he should summon the legions into the province, he was aware that on their march they would have to fight in his absence;" + }, + { + "id": 7298, + "la": "siipseadexercitumcontenderet,neeisquidemeotemporequiquietividerentursuamsalutemrectecommittividebat", + "en": "he foresaw too that if he himself should endeavor to reach the army, he would act injudiciously, in trusting his safety even to those who seemed to be tranquilized." + }, + { + "id": 7299, + "la": "InterimLucteriusCadurcusinRutenosmissuseamcivitatemArvernisconciliat", + "en": "In the mean time Lucterius the Cadurcan, having been sent into the country of the Ruteni, gains over that state to the Arverni." + }, + { + "id": 7300, + "la": "ProgressusinNitiobrigesetGabalosabutrisqueobsidesaccipitetmagnacoactamanuinprovinciamNarbonemversuseruptionemfacerecontendit", + "en": "Having advanced into the country of the Nitiobriges, and Gabali, he receives hostages from both nations, and, assembling a numerous force, marches to make a descent on the province in the direction of Narbo ." + }, + { + "id": 7301, + "la": "QuarenuntiataCaesaromnibusconsiliisantevertendumexistimavit,utNarbonemproficisceretur", + "en": "Caesar, when this circumstance was announced to him, thought that the march to Narbo ought to take the precedence of all his other plans." + }, + { + "id": 7302, + "la": "Eocumvenisset,timentesconfirmat,praesidiainRutenisprovincialibus,VolcisArecomicis,TolosatibuscircumqueNarbonem,quaelocahostibuserantfinitima,constituit;", + "en": "When he arrived there, he encourages the timid and stations garrisons among the Ruteni, in the province of the Volcae Arecomici, and the country around Narbo which was in the vicinity of the enemy;" + }, + { + "id": 7303, + "la": "partemcopiarumexprovinciasupplementumque,quodexItaliaadduxerat,inHelvios,quifinesArvernorumcontingunt,convenireiubet", + "en": "he orders a portion of the forces from the province, and the recruits which he had brought from Italy, to rendezvous among the Helvii who border on the territories of the Arverni." + }, + { + "id": 7304, + "la": "Hisrebuscomparatis,repressoiamLucterioetremoto,quodintrareintrapraesidiapericulosumputabat,inHelviosproficiscitur", + "en": "These matters being arranged, and Lucterius now checked and forced to retreat, because he thought it dangerous to enter the line of Roman garrisons, Caesar marches into the country of the Helvii;" + }, + { + "id": 7305, + "la": "EtsimonsCevenna,quiArvernosabHelviisdiscludit,durissimotemporeannialtissimaniveiterimpediebat,tamendiscussanivesexinaltitudinempedumatqueitaviispatefactissummomilitumsudoreadfinesArvernorumpervenit", + "en": "although mount Cevennes , which separates the Arverni from the Helvii, blocked up the way with very deep snow, as it was the severest season of the year; yet having cleared away the snow to the depth of six feet, and having opened the roads, he reaches the territories of the Arverni, with infinite labor to his soldiers." + }, + { + "id": 7306, + "la": "Quibusoppressisinopinantibus,quodseCevennautmuromunitosexistimabant,acnesingulariquidemumquamhominieotemporeannisemitaepatuerant,equitibusimperat,utquamlatissimepossintvagenturetquammaximumhostibusterroreminferant", + "en": "This people being surprised, because they considered themselves defended by the Cevennes as by a wall, and the paths at this season of the year had never before been passable even to individuals, he orders the cavalry to extend themselves as far as they could, and strike as great a panic as possible into the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 7307, + "la": "CeleriterhaecfamaacnuntiisadVercingetorigemperferuntur;quemperterritiomnesArvernicircumsistuntatqueobsecrant,utsuisfortunisconsulat,neveabhostibusdiripiantur,praesertimcumvideatomneadsebellumtranslatum", + "en": "These proceedings are speedily announced to Vercingetorix by rumor and his messengers. Around him all the Arverni crowd in alarm, and solemnly entreat him to protect their property, and not to suffer them to be plundered by the enemy, especially as he saw that all the war was transferred into their country." + }, + { + "id": 7308, + "la": "QuorumilleprecibuspermotuscastraexBiturigibusmovetinArvernosversus", + "en": "Being prevailed upon by their entreaties he moves his camp from the country of the Bituriges in the direction of the Arverni." + }, + { + "id": 7309, + "la": "AtCaesarbiduuminhislocismoratus,quodhaecdeVercingetorigeusuventuraopinionepraeceperat,percausamsupplementiequitatusquecogendiabexercitudiscedit;Brutumadulescentemhiscopiispraeficit;", + "en": "Caesar, having delayed two days in that place, because he had anticipated that, in the natural course of events, such would be the conduct of Vercingetorix, leaves the army under pretense of raising recruits and cavalry: he places Brutus, a young man, in command of these forces;" + }, + { + "id": 7310, + "la": "huncmonet,utinomnespartesequitesquamlatissimepervagentur:daturumseoperam,nelongiustriduoabcastrisabsit", + "en": "he gives him instructions that the cavalry should range as extensively as possible in all directions; that he would exert himself not to be absent from the camp longer than three days." + }, + { + "id": 7311, + "la": "HisconstitutisrebussuisinopinantibusquammaximispotestitineribusViennampervenit", + "en": "Having arranged these matters, he marches to Vienna by as long journeys as he can, when his own soldiers did not expect him." + }, + { + "id": 7312, + "la": "Ibinactusrecentemequitatum,quemmultisantediebuseopraemiserat,nequediurnonequenocturnoitinereintermissoperfinesAeduoruminLingonescontendit,ubiduaelegioneshiemabant,ut,siquidetiamdesuasaluteabAeduisinireturconsili,celeritatepraecurreret", + "en": "Finding there a fresh body of cavalry, which he had sent on to that place several days before, marching incessantly night and day, he advanced rapidly through the territory of the Aedui into that of the Lingones , in which two legions were wintering, that, if any plan affecting his own safety should have been organized by the Aedui, he might defeat it by the rapidity of his movements." + }, + { + "id": 7313, + "la": "Eocumpervenisset,adreliquaslegionesmittitpriusqueomnesinunumlocumcogitquamdeeiusadventuArvernisnuntiariposset", + "en": "When he arrived there, he sends information to the rest of the legions, and gathers all his army into one place before intelligence of his arrival could be announced to the Arverni." + }, + { + "id": 7314, + "la": "HacrecognitaVercingetorixrursusinBiturigesexercitumreducitatqueindeprofectusGorgobinam,Boiorumoppidum,quosibiHelveticoproeliovictosCaesarcollocaveratAeduisqueattribuerat,oppugnareinstituit", + "en": "Vercingetorix, on hearing this circumstance, leads back his army into the country of the Bituriges; and after marching from it to Gergovia , a town of the Boii, whom Caesar had settled there after defeating them in the Helvetian war, and had rendered tributary to the Aedui, he determined to attack it." + }, + { + "id": 7315, + "la": "MagnamhaecresCaesaridifficultatemadconsiliumcapiendumadferebat,sireliquampartemhiemisunolocolegionescontineret,nestipendiariisAeduorumexpugnatiscunctaGalliadeficeret,quodnullumamicisineopraesidiumvidereturpositumesse;simaturiusexhiberniseduceret,neabrefrumentariadurissubvectionibuslaboraret", + "en": "This action caused great perplexity to Caesar in the selection of his plans; [he feared] lest, if he should confine his legions in one place for the remaining portion of the winter, all Gaul should revolt when the tributaries of the Aedui were subdued, because it would appear that there was in him no protection for his friends; but if he should draw them too soon out of their winter quarters, he might be distressed by the want of provisions, in consequence of the difficulty of conveyance." + }, + { + "id": 7316, + "la": "Praestarevisumesttamenomnisdifficultatesperpeti,quamtantacontumeliaacceptaomniumsuorumvoluntatesalienare", + "en": "It seemed better, however, to endure every hardship than to alienate the affections of all his allies, by submitting to such an insult." + }, + { + "id": 7317, + "la": "ItaquecohortatusAeduosdesupportandocommeatupraemittitadBoiosquidesuoadventudoceanthortenturqueutinfidemaneantatquehostiumimpetummagnoanimosustineant", + "en": "Having, therefore, impressed on the Aedui the necessity of supplying him with provisions, he sends forward messengers to the Boii to inform them of his arrival, and encourage them to remain firm in their allegiance, and resist the attack of the enemy with great resolution." + }, + { + "id": 7318, + "la": "DuabusAgedincilegionibusatqueimpedimentistotiusexercitusrelictisadBoiosproficiscitur", + "en": "Having left two legions and the luggage of the entire army atAgendicum, he marches to the Boii." + }, + { + "id": 7319, + "la": "AlterodiecumadoppidumSenonumVellaunodunumvenisset,nequempostsehostemrelinqueret,quoexpeditiorerefrumentariauteretur,oppugnareinstituitidquebiduocircumvallavit;", + "en": "On the second day, when he came to Vellaunodunum, a town of the Senones , he determined to attack it, in order that he might not leave an enemy in his rear, and might the more easily procure supplies of provisions, and draw a line of circumvallation around it in two days:" + }, + { + "id": 7320, + "la": "tertiodiemissisexoppidolegatisdededitionearmaconferri,iumentaproduci,sescentosobsidesdariiubet", + "en": "on the third day, embassadors being sent from the town to treat of a capitulation, he orders their arms to be brought together, their cattle to be brought forth, and six hundred hostages to be given." + }, + { + "id": 7321, + "la": "Eaquiconficeret,C.Treboniumlegatumrelinquit.Ipse,utquamprimumiterfaceret,CenabumCarnutumproficiscitur;", + "en": "He leaves Caius Trebonius his lieutenant, to complete these arrangements; he himself sets out with the intention of marching as soon as possible, to Genabum , a town of the Carnutes," + }, + { + "id": 7322, + "la": "quitumprimumallatonuntiodeoppugnationeVellaunoduni,cumlongiuseamremductumiriexistimarent,praesidiumCenabituendicausa,quodeomitterent,comparabant Huc biduo pervenit.", + "en": "who having then for the first time received information of the siege of Vellaunodunum, as they thought that it would be protracted to a longer time, were preparing a garrison to send to Genabum for the defense of that town. Caesar arrived here in two days;" + }, + { + "id": 7323, + "la": "Castrisanteoppidumpositisdieitemporeexclususinposterumoppugnationemdiffertquaequeadeamremusuisintmilitibusimperat", + "en": "after pitching his camp before the town, being prevented by the time of the day, he defers the attack to the next day, and orders his soldiers to prepare whatever was necessary for that enterprise;" + }, + { + "id": 7324, + "la": "et,quodoppidumCenabumponsfluminisLigeriscontingebat,veritusnenoctuexoppidoprofugerent,duaslegionesinarmisexcubareiubet", + "en": "and as a bridge over the Loire connected the town of Genabum with the opposite bank, fearing lest the inhabitants should escape by night from the town, he orders two legions to keep watch under arms." + }, + { + "id": 7325, + "la": "Cenabensespauloantemediamnoctemsilentioexoppidoegressiflumentransirecoeperunt.QuareperexploratoresnuntiataCaesarlegiones", + "en": "The people of Genabum came forth silently from the city before midnight, and began to cross the river. When this circumstance was announced by scouts, Caesar, having set fire to the gates, sends in the legions" + }, + { + "id": 7326, + "la": "quasexpeditasesseiusseratportisincensisintromittitatqueoppidopotitur,perpaucisexhostiumnumerodesideratisquincuncticaperentur,quodpontisatqueitinerumangustiaemultitudinisfugamintercluserant", + "en": "which he had ordered to be ready, and obtains possession of the town so completely, that very few of the whole number of the enemy escaped being taken alive, because the narrowness of the bridge and the roads prevented the multitude from escaping." + }, + { + "id": 7327, + "la": "Oppidumdiripitatqueincendit,praedammilitibusdonat,exercitumLigeremtraducitatqueinBiturigumfinespervenit", + "en": "He pillages and burns the town, gives the booty to the soldiers, then leads his army over the Loire , and marches into the territories of the Bituriges." + }, + { + "id": 7328, + "la": "Vercingetorix,ubideCaesarisadventucognovit,oppugnationedestititatqueobviamCaesariproficiscitur", + "en": "Vercingetorix, when he ascertained the arrival of Caesar, desisted from the siege [of Gergovia], and marched to meet Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 7329, + "la": "IlleoppidumBiturigumposituminviaNoviodunumoppugnareinstituerat", + "en": "The latter had commenced to besiege Noviodunum ;" + }, + { + "id": 7330, + "la": "Quoexoppidocumlegatiadeumvenissentoratumutsibiignosceretsuaequevitaeconsuleret,utceleritatereliquasresconficeret,quapleraqueeratconsecutus,armaconferri,equosproduci,obsidesdariiubet", + "en": "and when embassadors came from this town to beg that he would pardon them and spare their lives, in order that he might execute the rest of his designs with the rapidity by which he had accomplished most of them, he orders their arms to be collected, their horses to be brought forth, and hostages to be given." + }, + { + "id": 7331, + "la": "Parteiamobsidumtradita,cumreliquaadministrarentur,centurionibusetpaucismilitibusintromissis,quiarmaiumentaqueconquirerent,equitatushostiumproculvisusest,quiagmenVercingetorigisantecesserat", + "en": "A part of the hostages being now delivered up, when the rest of the terms were being performed, a few centurions and soldiers being sent into the town to collect the arms and horses, the enemy's cavalry which had outstripped the main body of Vercingetorix's army, was seen at a distance;" + }, + { + "id": 7332, + "la": "Quemsimulatqueoppidaniconspexeruntatqueinspemauxilivenerunt,clamoresublatoarmacapere,portasclaudere,murumcomplerecoeperunt.Centurionesinoppido,", + "en": "as soon as the townsmen beheld them, and entertained hopes of assistance, raising a shout, they began to take up arms, shut the gates, and line the walls. When the centurions in the town" + }, + { + "id": 7333, + "la": "cumexsignificationeGallorumnovialiquidabeisiniriconsiliintellexissent,gladiisdestrictisportasoccupaveruntsuosqueomnesincolumesreceperunt", + "en": "understood from the signal-making of the Gauls that they were forming some new design, they drew their swords and seized the gates, and recovered all their men safe." + }, + { + "id": 7334, + "la": "Caesarexcastrisequitatumeduciiubet,proeliumequestrecommittit:laborantibusiamsuisGermanosequitescirciterCCCCsummittit,quosabinitiohaberesecuminstituerat", + "en": "Caesar orders the horse to be drawn out of the camp, and commences a cavalry action. His men being now distressed, Caesar sends to their aid about four hundred German horse, which he had determined, at the beginning, to keep with himself." + }, + { + "id": 7335, + "la": "EorumimpetumGallisustinerenonpotueruntatqueinfugamconiectimultisamississeadagmenreceperunt.Quibusprofligatisrursusoppidaniperterriticomprehensoseos,quorumoperaplebemconcitatamexistimabant,adCaesaremperduxeruntsesequeeidediderunt", + "en": "The Gauls could not withstand their attack, but were put to flight, and retreated to their main body, after losing a great number of men. When they were routed, the townsmen, again intimidated, arrested those persons by whose exertions they thought that the mob had been roused, and brought them to Caesar, and surrendered themselves to him." + }, + { + "id": 7336, + "la": "Quibusrebusconfectis,CaesaradoppidumAvaricum,quoderatmaximummunitissimumqueinfinibusBiturigumatqueagrifertilissimaregione,profectusest,quodeooppidoreceptocivitatemBiturigumseinpotestatemredacturumconfidebat", + "en": "When these affairs were accomplished, Caesar marched to the Avaricum , which was the largest and best fortified town in the territories of the Bituriges, and situated in a most fertile tract of country; because he confidently expected that on taking that town, he would reduce beneath his dominion the state of the Bituriges." + }, + { + "id": 7337, + "la": "VercingetorixtotcontinuisincommodisVellaunoduni,Cenabi,Novioduniacceptissuosadconciliumconvocat", + "en": "Vercingetorix, after sustaining such a series of losses atVellaunodunum, Genabum , and Noviodunum , summons his men to a council." + }, + { + "id": 7338, + "la": "Docetlongealiarationeessebellumgerendumatqueanteagestumsit.Omnibusmodishuicreistudendum,utpabulationeetcommeatuRomaniprohibeantur:", + "en": "He impresses on them \"that the war must be prosecuted on a very different system from that which had been previously adopted; but they should by all means aim at this object, that the Romans should be prevented from foraging and procuring provisions;" + }, + { + "id": 7339, + "la": "idessefacile,quodequitatuipsiabundentetquodannitemporesubleventur;", + "en": "that this was easy, because they themselves were well supplied with cavalry, and were likewise assisted by the season of the year;" + }, + { + "id": 7340, + "la": "pabulumsecarinonposse;necessariodispersoshostesexaedificiispetere:hosomnescotidieabequitibusdeligiposse", + "en": "that forage could not be cut; that the enemy must necessarily disperse, and look for it in the houses, that all these might be daily destroyed by the horse." + }, + { + "id": 7341, + "la": "Praetereasalutiscausareifamiliariscommodaneglegenda:vicosatqueaedificiaincendioporterehocspatioabviaquoqueversus,quopabulandicausaadirepossevideantur.Harumipsisrerumcopiamsuppetere,", + "en": "Besides that the interests of private property must be neglected for the sake of the general safety; that the villages and houses ought to be fired, over such an extent of country in every direction from Boia, as the Romans appeared capable of scouring in their search for forage. That an abundance of these necessaries could be supplied to them," + }, + { + "id": 7342, + "la": "quod,quoruminfinibusbellumgeratur,eorumopibussubleventur:", + "en": "because they would be assisted by the resources of those in whose territories the war would be waged:" + }, + { + "id": 7343, + "la": "Romanosautinopiamnonlaturosautmagnopericulolongiusabcastrisprocessuros;", + "en": "that the Romans either would not bear the privation, or else would advance to any distance from the camp with considerable danger;" + }, + { + "id": 7344, + "la": "nequeinteresse,ipsosneinterficiant,impedimentisneexuant,quibusamissisbellumgerinonpossit", + "en": "and that it made no difference whether they slew them or stripped them of their baggage, since, if it was lost, they could not carry on the war." + }, + { + "id": 7345, + "la": "Praetereaoppidaincendioportere,quaenonmunitioneetlocinaturaabomnisintpericulotuta,neusuissintaddetractandammilitiamreceptaculaneuRomanispropositaadcopiamcommeatuspraedamquetollendam", + "en": "Besides that, the towns ought to be burned which were not secured against every danger by their fortifications or natural advantages; that there should not be places of retreat for their own countrymen for declining military service, nor be exposed to the Romans as inducements to carry off abundance of provisions and plunder." + }, + { + "id": 7346, + "la": "haecsigraviaautacerbavideantur,multoillagraviusaestimare,liberos,coniugesinservitutemabstrahi,ipsosinterfici;quaesitnecesseacciderevictis", + "en": "If these sacrifices should appear heavy or galling, that they ought to consider it much more distressing that their wives and children should be dragged off to slavery, and themselves slain; the evils which must necessarily befall the conquered." + }, + { + "id": 7347, + "la": "OmniumconsensuhacsententiaprobataunodieampliusXXurbesBiturigumincenduntur", + "en": "This opinion having been approved of by unanimous consent, more than twenty towns of the Bituriges are burned in one day." + }, + { + "id": 7348, + "la": "Hocidemfitinreliquiscivitatibus:inomnibuspartibusincendiaconspiciuntur;quaeetsimagnocumdoloreomnesferebant,tamenhocsibisolatiproponebant,quodsepropeexploratavictoriaceleriteramissareciperaturosconfidebant", + "en": "Conflagrations are beheld in every quarter; and although all bore this with great regret, yet they laid before themselves this consolation, that, as the victory was certain, they could quickly recover their losses." + }, + { + "id": 7349, + "la": "DeliberaturdeAvaricoincommuniconcilio,incendiplaceretandefendi", + "en": "There is a debate concerning Avaricum in the general council, whether they should decide, that it should be burned or defended." + }, + { + "id": 7350, + "la": "ProcumbuntomnibusGallisadpedesBituriges,nepulcherrimampropetotiusGalliaeurbem,quaepraesidioetornamentositcivitati,suismanibussuccenderecogerentur:", + "en": "The Bituriges threw themselves at the feet of all the Gauls, and entreat that they should not be compelled to set fire with their own hands to the fairest city of almost the whole of Gaul, which was both a protection and ornament to the state;" + }, + { + "id": 7351, + "la": "facileselocinaturadefensurosdicunt,quodpropeexomnibuspartibusflumineetpaludecircumdataunumhabeatetperangustumaditum", + "en": "they say that \"they could easily defend it, owing to the nature of the ground, for, being inclosed almost on every side by a river and a marsh, it had only one entrance, and that very narrow.\"" + }, + { + "id": 7352, + "la": "DaturpetentibusveniadissuadenteprimoVercingetorige,postconcedenteetprecibusipsorumetmisericordiavulgi.Defensoresoppidoidoneideliguntur", + "en": "Permission being granted to them at their earnest request, Vercingetorix at first dissuades them from it, but afterward concedes the point, owing to their entreaties and the compassion of the soldiers. A proper garrison is selected for the town." + }, + { + "id": 7353, + "la": "VercingetorixminoribusCaesaremitineribussubsequituretlocumcastrisdeligitpaludibussilvisquemunitumabAvaricolongemiliapassuumXVI", + "en": "Vercingetorix follows closely upon Caesar by shorter marches, and selects for his camp a place defended by woods and marshes, at the distance of fifteen miles from Avaricum ." + }, + { + "id": 7354, + "la": "IbipercertosexploratoresinsinguladieitemporaquaeadAvaricumagerenturcognoscebatetquidfierivelletimperabat", + "en": "There he received intelligence by trusty scouts, every hour in the day, of what was going on at Avaricum , and ordered whatever he wished to be done;" + }, + { + "id": 7355, + "la": "Omnisnostraspabulationesfrumentationesqueobservabatdispersosque,cumlongiusnecessarioprocederent,adoriebaturmagnoqueincommodoadficiebat,etsi,quantumrationeprovideripoterat,abnostrisoccurrebatur,utincertistemporibusdiversisqueitineribusiretur", + "en": "he closely watched all our expeditions for corn and forage, and whenever they were compelled to go to a greater distance, he attacked them when dispersed, and inflicted severe loss upon them; although the evil was remedied by our men, as far as precautions could be taken, by going forth at irregular times' and by different ways." + }, + { + "id": 7356, + "la": "CastrisadeampartemoppidipositisCaesar,quaeintermissa[a]flumineetapaludibusaditum,utsupradiximus,angustumhabebat,aggeremapparare,vineasagere,turresduasconstituerecoepit:namcircumvallarelocinaturaprohibebat", + "en": "Caesar pitching his camp at that side of the town which was not defended by the river and marsh, and had a very narrow approach, as we have mentioned, began to raise the vineae and erect two towers: for the nature of the place prevented him from drawing a line of circumvallation." + }, + { + "id": 7357, + "la": "DerefrumentariaBoiosatqueAeduosadhortarinondestitit;quorumalteri,quodnullostudioagebant,nonmultumadiuvabant,alterinonmagnisfacultatibus,quodcivitaseratexiguaetinfirma,celeriterquodhabueruntconsumpserunt", + "en": "He never ceased to importune the Boii and Aedui for supplies of corn; of whom the one [the Aedui], because they were acting with no zeal, did not aid him much; the others [the Boii], as their resources were not great, quickly consumed what they had." + }, + { + "id": 7358, + "la": "SummadifficultatereifrumentariaeadfectoexercitutenuitateBoiorum,indiligentiaAeduorum,incendiisaedificiorum,usqueeoutcompluresdiesfrumentomilitescaruerintetpecoreexlonginquioribusvicisadactoextremamfamemsustentarent,nullatamenvoxestabeisauditapopuliRomanimaiestateetsuperioribusvictoriisindigna", + "en": "Although the army was distressed by the greatest want of corn, through the poverty of the Boii, the apathy of the Aedui, and the burning of the houses, to such a degree, that for several days the soldiers were without corn, and satisfied their extreme hunger with cattle driven from the remote villages; yet no language was heard from them unworthy of the majesty of the Roman people and their former victories." + }, + { + "id": 7359, + "la": "QuinetiamCaesarcuminoperesingulaslegionesappellaretet,siacerbiusinopiamferrent,sedimissurumoppugnationemdiceret,universiabeo,neidfaceret,petebant:", + "en": "Moreover, when Caesar addressed the legions, one by one, when at work, and said that he would raise the siege, if they felt the scarcity too severely, they unanimously begged him \"not to do so;" + }, + { + "id": 7360, + "la": "sicsecompluresannosilloimperantemeruisse,utnullamignominiamacciperent,nusquaminfectarediscederent:", + "en": "that they had served for several years under his command in such a manner that they never submitted to insult, and never abandoned an enterprise without accomplishing it;" + }, + { + "id": 7361, + "la": "hocseignominiaelaturosloco,siinceptamoppugnationemreliquissent:", + "en": "that they should consider it a disgrace if they abandoned the siege after commencing it;" + }, + { + "id": 7362, + "la": "praestareomnesperferreacerbitates,quamnoncivibusRomanis,quiCenabiperfidiaGalloruminterissent,parentarent", + "en": "that it was better to endure every hardship than to not avenge the names of the Roman citizens who perished at Genabum by the perfidy of the Gauls.\"" + }, + { + "id": 7363, + "la": "Haeceademcenturionibustribunisquemilitummandabant,utpereosadCaesaremdeferrentur", + "en": "They intrusted the same declarations to the centurions and military tribunes, that through them they might be communicated to Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 7364, + "la": "Cumiammuroturresappropinquassent,excaptivisCaesarcognovitVercingetorigemconsumptopabulocastramovissepropiusAvaricumatqueipsumcumequitatuexpeditisque,quiinterequitesproeliariconsuessent,insidiarumcausaeoprofectum,quonostrosposterodiepabulatumventurosarbitraretur", + "en": "When the towers had now approached the walls, Caesar ascertained from the captives that Vercingetorix after destroying the forage, had pitched his camp nearer Avaricum , and that he himself with the cavalry and light-armed infantry, who generally fought among the horse, had gone to lay an ambuscade in that quarter, to which he thought that our troops would come the next day to forage." + }, + { + "id": 7365, + "la": "Quibusrebuscognitismedianoctesilentioprofectusadhostiumcastramanepervenit", + "en": "On learning these facts, he set out from the camp secretly at midnight, and reached the camp of the enemy early in the morning." + }, + { + "id": 7366, + "la": "IlliceleriterperexploratoresadventuCaesariscognitocarrosimpedimentaquesuainartioressilvasabdiderunt,copiasomnesinlocoeditoatqueapertoinstruxerunt", + "en": "They having quickly learned the arrival of Caesar by scouts, hid their cars and baggage in the thickest parts of the woods, and drew up all their forces in a lofty and open space:" + }, + { + "id": 7367, + "la": "QuarenuntiataCaesarceleritersarcinasconferri,armaexpediriiussit", + "en": "which circumstance being announced, Caesar immediately ordered the baggage to be piled, and the arms to be got ready." + }, + { + "id": 7368, + "la": "Colliseratleniterabinfimoacclivis.Huncexomnibusferepartibuspalusdifficilisatqueimpeditacingebatnonlatiorpedibusquinquaginta", + "en": "There was a hill of a gentle ascent from the bottom; a dangerous and impassable marsh, not more than fifty feet broad, begirt it on almost every side." + }, + { + "id": 7369, + "la": "HocsecolleinterruptispontibusGallifiducialocicontinebantgeneratimquedistributiincivitatesomniavadaacsaltuseiuspaludisobtinebant,", + "en": "The Gauls, having broken down the bridges, posted themselves on this hill, in confidence of their position, and being drawn up in tribes according to their respective states, held all the fords and passages of that marsh with trusty guards," + }, + { + "id": 7370, + "la": "sicanimoparati,ut,sieampaludemRomaniperrumpereconarentur,haesitantespremerentexlocosuperiore;utquipropinquitatemlocivideretparatospropeaequoMarteaddimicandumexistimaret,quiiniquitatemcondicionisperspiceretinanisimulationeseseostentarecognosceret", + "en": "thus determined that if the Romans should attempt to force the marsh, they would overpower them from the higher ground while sticking in it, so that whoever saw the nearness of the position, would imagine that the two armies were prepared to fight on almost equal terms; but whoever should view accurately the disadvantage of position, would discover that they were showing off an empty affectation of courage." + }, + { + "id": 7371, + "la": "IndignantesmilitesCaesar,quodconspectumsuumhostesperferrepossenttantulospatiointeriecto,etsignumproeliexposcentesedocet,quantodetrimentoetquotvirorumfortiummortenecessesitconstarevictoriam;quoscumsicanimoparatosvideat,", + "en": "Caesar clearly points out to his soldiers, who were indignant that the enemy could bear the sight of them at the distance of so short a space, and were earnestly demanding the signal for action, \"with how great loss and the death of how many gallant men the victory would necessarily be purchased: and when he saw them so determined" + }, + { + "id": 7372, + "la": "utnullumprosualaudepericulumrecusent,summaeseiniquitatiscondemnaridebere,nisieorumvitamsuasalutehabeatcariorem", + "en": "to decline no danger for his renown, that he ought to be considered guilty of the utmost injustice if he did not hold their life dearer than his personal safety.\"" + }, + { + "id": 7373, + "la": "Sicmilitesconsolatuseodemdiereducitincastrareliquaquequaeadoppugnationempertinebantoppidiadministrareinstituit", + "en": "Having thus consoled his soldiers, he leads them back on the same day to the camp, and determined to prepare the other things which were necessary for the siege of the town." + }, + { + "id": 7374, + "la": "Vercingetorix,cumadsuosredisset,proditionisinsimulatus,quodcastrapropiusRomanosmovisset,quodcumomniequitatudiscessisset,quodsineimperiotantascopiasreliquisset,quodeiusdiscessuRomanitantaopportunitateetceleritatevenissent:", + "en": "Vercingetorix, when he had returned to his men, was accused of treason, in that he had moved his camp nearer the Romans, in that he had gone away with all the cavalry, in that he had left so great forces without a commander, in that, on his departure, the Romans had come at such a favorable season, and with such dispatch;" + }, + { + "id": 7375, + "la": "nonhaecomniafortuitoautsineconsilioacciderepotuisse;regnumillumGalliaemalleCaesarisconcessuquamipsorumhaberebeneficio", + "en": "that all these circumstances could not have happened accidentally or without design; that he preferred holding the sovereignty of Gaul by the grant of Caesar to acquiring it by their favor." + }, + { + "id": 7376, + "la": "talimodoaccusatusadhaecrespondit:Quodcastramovisset,factuminopiapabulietiamipsishortantibus;quodpropiusRomanosaccessisset,persuasumlociopportunitate,quiseipsummunitionedefenderet:", + "en": "Being accused in such a manner, he made the following reply to these charges:-\"That his moving his camp had been caused by want of forage, and had been done even by their advice; that his approaching near the Romans had been a measure dictated by the favorable nature of the ground, which would defend him by its natural strength;" + }, + { + "id": 7377, + "la": "equitumverooperamnequeinlocopalustridesideraridebuisseetillicfuisseutilem,quosintprofecti", + "en": "that the service of the cavalry could not have been requisite in marshy ground, and was useful in that place to which they had gone;" + }, + { + "id": 7378, + "la": "Summamimperiseconsultonullidiscedentemtradidisse,neismultitudinisstudioaddimicandumimpelleretur;cuireipropteranimimollitiemstudereomnesvideret,quoddiutiuslaboremferrenonpossent", + "en": "that he, on his departure, had given the supreme command to no one intentionally, lest he should be induced by the eagerness of the multitude to hazard an engagement, to which he perceived that all were inclined, owing to their want of energy, because they were unable to endure fatigue any longer." + }, + { + "id": 7379, + "la": "Romanisicasuintervenerint,fortunae,sialicuiusindiciovocati,huichabendamgratiam,quodetpaucitatemeorumexlocosuperiorecognoscereetvirtutemdespicerepotuerint,quidimicarenonausiturpiterseincastrareceperint", + "en": "That, if the Romans in the mean time came up by chance, they [the Gauls] should feel grateful to fortune; if invited by the information of some one they should feel grateful to him, because they were enabled to see distinctly from the higher ground the smallness of the number of their enemy, and despise the courage of those who, not daring to fight, retreated disgracefully into their camp." + }, + { + "id": 7380, + "la": "ImperiumseabCaesareperproditionemnullumdesiderare,quodhaberevictoriaposset,quaeiamessetsibiatqueomnibusGallisexplorata:quinetiamipsisremittere,sisibimagishonoremtribuere,quamabsesalutemacciperevideantur", + "en": "That he desired no power from Caesar by treachery, since he could have it by victory, which was now assured to himself and to all the Gauls; nay, that he would even give them back the command, if they thought that they conferred honor on him, rather than received safety from him." + }, + { + "id": 7381, + "la": "\"Haecutintellegatis,\"inquit, \"amesincerepronuntiari,auditeRomanosmilites.\"Producitservos,", + "en": "That you may be assured,\" said he, \"that I speak these words with truth; -listen to these Roman soldiers!\" He produces some camp-followers" + }, + { + "id": 7382, + "la": "quosinpabulationepaucisantediebusexceperatetfamevinculisqueexcruciaverat.Hiiamanteedoctiquaeinterrogatipronuntiarent,", + "en": "whom he had surprised on a foraging expedition some days before, and had tortured by famine and confinement. They being previously instructed in what answers they should make when examined, say," + }, + { + "id": 7383, + "la": "militesseesselegionariosdicunt;fameetinopiaadductosclamexcastrisexisse,siquidfrumentiautpecorisinagrisreperirepossent:", + "en": "\"That they were legionary soldiers, that, urged by famine and want, they had recently gone forth from the camp, [to see] if they could find any corn or cattle in the fields;" + }, + { + "id": 7384, + "la": "similiomnemexercituminopiapremi,neciamviressufficerecuiusquamnecferreoperislaboremposse:itaquestatuisseimperatorem,sinihilinoppugnationeoppidiprofecissent,triduoexercitumdeducere \"Haec,\"inquit, \"ame,\"Vercingetorix, \"beneficiahabetis,", + "en": "that the whole army was distressed by a similar scarcity, nor had any one now sufficient strength, nor could bear the labor of the work; and therefore that the general was determined, if he made no progress in the siege, to draw off his army in three days.\" \"These benefits,\" says Vercingetorix, \"you receive from me," + }, + { + "id": 7385, + "la": "quemproditionisinsimulatis;cuiusoperasinevestrosanguinetantumexercitumvictoremfameconsumptumvidetis;quemturpiterseexfugarecipientemnequacivitassuisfinibusrecipiatameprovisumest.\"", + "en": "whom you accuse of treason-me, by whose exertions you see so powerful and victorious an army almost destroyed by famine, without shedding one drop of your blood; and I have taken precautions that no state shall admit within its territories this army in its ignominious flight from this place.\"" + }, + { + "id": 7386, + "la": "Conclamatomnismultitudoetsuomorearmisconcrepat,quodfacereineoconsueruntcuiusorationemapprobant:summumesseVercingetorigemducem,necdeeiusfidedubitandum,necmaiorerationebellumadministrariposse", + "en": "The whole multitude raise a shout and clash their arms, according to their custom, as they usually do in the case of him of whose speech they approve; [they exclaim] that Vercingetorix was a consummate general, and that they had no doubt of his honor; that the war could not be conducted with greater prudence." + }, + { + "id": 7387, + "la": "Statuunt,utXmiliahominumdelectaexomnibuscopiisinoppidummittantur,", + "en": "They determine that ten thousand men should be picked out of the entire army and sent into the town," + }, + { + "id": 7388, + "la": "necsolisBiturigibuscommunemsalutemcommittendamcensent,quodpaeneineo,siidoppidumretinuissent,summamvictoriaeconstareintellegebant", + "en": "and decide that the general safety should not be intrusted to the Bituriges alone, because they were aware that the glory of the victory must rest with the Bituriges, if they made good the defense of the town." + }, + { + "id": 7389, + "la": "SingularimilitumnostrorumvirtuticonsiliacuiusquemodiGallorumoccurrebant,utestsummaegenussollertiaeatqueadomniaimitandaetefficienda,quaeabquoquetraduntur,aptissimum", + "en": "To the extraordinary valor of our soldiers, devices of every sort were opposed by the Gauls; since they are a nation of consummate ingenuity, and most skillful in imitating and making those things which are imparted by any one;" + }, + { + "id": 7390, + "la": "Nametlaqueisfalcesavertebant,quas,cumdestinaverant,tormentisintrorsusreducebant,etaggeremcuniculissubtrahebant,eoscientiusquodapudeosmagnaesuntferrariaeatqueomnegenuscuniculorumnotumatqueusitatumest", + "en": "for they turned aside the hooks with nooses, and when they had caught hold of them firmly, drew them on by means of engines, and undermined the mound the more skillfully on this account, because there are in their territories extensive iron mines, and consequently every description of mining operations is known and practiced by them." + }, + { + "id": 7391, + "la": "Totumautemmurumexomniparteturribuscontabulaverantatquehascoriisintexerant", + "en": "They had furnished, more over, the whole wall on every side with turrets, and had covered them with skins." + }, + { + "id": 7392, + "la": "Tumcrebrisdiurnisnocturnisqueeruptionibusautaggeriigneminferebantautmilitesoccupatosinopereadoriebantur,etnostrarumturriumaltitudinem,quantumhascotidianusaggerexpresserat,", + "en": "Besides, in their frequent sallies by day and night, they attempted either to set fire to the mound, or attack our soldiers when engaged in the works; and, moreover, by splicing the upright timbers of their own towers," + }, + { + "id": 7393, + "la": "commississuarumturriummalisadaequabant,etapertoscuniculospraeustaetpraeacutamateriaetpicefervefactaetmaximiponderissaxismorabanturmoenibusqueappropinquareprohibebant", + "en": "they equaled the height of ours, as fast as the mound had daily raised them, and countermined our mines, and impeded the working of them by stakes bent and sharpened at the ends, and boiling pitch and stones of very great weight, and prevented them from approaching the walls." + }, + { + "id": 7394, + "la": "MuriautemomnesGallicihacfereformasunt.Trabesderectaeperpetuaeinlongitudinemparibusintervallis,distantesintersebinospedes,insolocollocantur", + "en": "But this is usually the form of all the Gallic walls. Straight beams, connected lengthwise and two feet distant from each other at equal intervals, are placed together on the ground; these are mortised on the inside, and covered with plenty of earth." + }, + { + "id": 7395, + "la": "Haerevinciunturintrorsusetmultoaggerevestiuntur:eaautem,quaediximus,intervallagrandibusinfrontesaxiseffarciuntur", + "en": "But the intervals which we have mentioned, are closed up in front by large stones." + }, + { + "id": 7396, + "la": "Hiscollocatisetcoagmentatisaliusinsuperordoadditur,utidemilludintervallumserveturnequeintersecontinganttrabes,sedparibusintermissaespatiissingulaesingulissaxisinteriectisartecontineantur", + "en": "These being thus laid and cemented together, another row is added above, in such a manner, that the same interval may be observed, and that the beams may not touch one another, but equal spaces intervening, each row of beams is kept firmly in its place by a row of stones." + }, + { + "id": 7397, + "la": "Sicdeincepsomneopuscontexitur,dumiustamurialtitudoexpleatur", + "en": "In this manner the whole wall is consolidated, until the regular height of the wall be completed." + }, + { + "id": 7398, + "la": "Hoccuminspeciemvarietatemqueopusdeformenonestalternistrabibusacsaxis,quaerectislineissuosordinesservant,tumadutilitatemetdefensionemurbiumsummamhabetopportunitatem,quodetabincendiolapisetabarietemateriadefendit,quaeperpetuistrabibuspedesquadragenosplerumqueintrorsusrevinctanequeperrumpinequedistrahipotest", + "en": "This work, with respect to appearance and variety, is not unsightly, owing to the alternate rows of beams and stones, which preserve their order in right lines; and, besides, it possesses great advantages as regards utility and the defense of cities; for the stone protects it from fire, and the wood from the battering ram, since it [the wood] being mortised in the inside with rows of beams, generally forty feet each in length, can neither be broken through nor torn asunder." + }, + { + "id": 7399, + "la": "Histotrebusimpeditaoppugnationemilites,cumtototemporefrigoreetassiduisimbribustardarentur,tamencontinentilaboreomniahaecsuperaveruntetdiebusXXVaggeremlatumpedesCCCXXX,altumpedesLXXXexstruxerunt", + "en": "The siege having been impeded by so many disadvantages, the soldiers, although they were retarded during the whole time by the mud, cold, and constant showers, yet by their incessant labor overcame all these obstacles, and in twenty-five days raised a mound three hundred and thirty feet broad and eighty feet high." + }, + { + "id": 7400, + "la": "Cumismurumhostiumpaenecontingeret,etCaesaradopusconsuetudineexcubaretmilitesquehortaretur,nequodomninotempusabopereintermitteretur,pauloantetertiamvigiliamestanimadversumfumareaggerem,quemcuniculohostessuccenderant,", + "en": "When it almost touched the enemy's walls, and Caesar, according to his usual custom, kept watch at the work, and encouraged the soldiers not to discontinue the work for a moment: a little before the third watch they discovered that the mound was sinking, since the enemy had set it on fire by a mine;" + }, + { + "id": 7401, + "la": "eodemquetemporetotomuroclamoresublatoduabusportisabutroquelatereturriumeruptiofiebat", + "en": "and at the same time a shout was raised along the entire wall, and a sally was made from two gates on each side of the turrets." + }, + { + "id": 7402, + "la": "Aliifacesatquearidammateriemdemuroinaggerememinusiaciebant,picemreliquasqueres,quibusignisexcitaripotest,fundebant,utquoprimumcurrereturautcuireiferreturauxiliumvixratioiniriposset", + "en": "Some at a distance were casting torches and dry wood from the wall on the mound, others were pouring on it pitch, and other materials, by which the flame might be excited, so that a plan could hardly be formed, as to where they should first run to the defense, or to what part aid should be brought." + }, + { + "id": 7403, + "la": "Tamen,quodinstitutoCaesarissemperduaelegionesprocastrisexcubabantpluresquepartitistemporibuserantinopere,celeriterfactumest,utaliieruptionibusresisterent,aliiturresreducerentaggeremqueinterscinderent,omnisveroexcastrismultitudoadrestinguendumconcurreret", + "en": "However, as two legions always kept guard before the camp by Caesar's orders, and several of them were at stated times at the work, measures were promptly taken, that some should oppose the sallying party, others draw back the towers and make a cut in the rampart; and moreover, that the whole army should hasten from the camp to extinguish the flames." + }, + { + "id": 7404, + "la": "Cuminomnibuslocisconsumptaiamreliquapartenoctispugnaretur,semperquehostibusspesvictoriaeredintegraretur,eomagis,quoddeustospluteosturriumvidebantnecfacileadireapertosadauxiliandumanimadvertebant,semperqueipsirecentesdefessissuccederentomnemqueGalliaesaluteminillovestigiotemporispositamarbitrarentur,acciditinspectantibusnobisquoddignummemoriavisumpraetereundumnonexistimavimus", + "en": "When the battle was going on in every direction, the rest of the night being now spent, and fresh hopes of victory always arose before the enemy: the more so on this account because they saw the coverings of our towers burnt away, and perceived, that we, being exposed, could not easily go to give assistance, and they themselves were always relieving the weary with fresh men, and considered that all the safety of Gaul rested on this crisis; there happened in my own view a circumstance which, having appeared to be worthy of record, we thought it ought not to be omitted." + }, + { + "id": 7405, + "la": "QuidamanteportamoppidiGalluspermanussebiacpicistraditasglebasinignemeregioneturrisproiciebat:scorpioneablateredextrotraiectusexanimatusqueconcidit", + "en": "A certain Gaul before the gate of the town, who was casting into the fire opposite the turret balls of tallow and fire which were passed along to him, was pierced with a dart on the right side and fell dead." + }, + { + "id": 7406, + "la": "Huncexproximisunusiacentemtransgressuseodemillomunerefungebatur;", + "en": "One of those next him stepped over him as he lay, and discharged the same office" + }, + { + "id": 7407, + "la": "eademrationeictuscorpionisexanimatoalterisuccessittertiusettertioquartus,necpriusilleestapropugnatoribusvacuusrelictuslocusquamrestinctoaggereatqueomniexpartesummotishostibusfinisestpugnandifactus", + "en": "when the second man was slain in the same manner by a wound from a cross-bow, a third succeeded him, and a fourth succeeded the third: nor was this post left vacant by the besieged, until, the fire of the mound having been extinguished, and the enemy repulsed in every direction, an end was put to the fighting." + }, + { + "id": 7408, + "la": "OmniaexpertiGalli,quodresnullasuccesserat,posterodieconsiliumceperuntexoppidoprofugerehortanteetiubenteVercingetorige", + "en": "The Gauls having tried every expedient, as nothing had succeeded, adopted the design of fleeing from the town the next day, by the advice and order of Vercingetorix." + }, + { + "id": 7409, + "la": "Idsilentionoctisconatinonmagnaiacturasuorumseseeffecturossperabant,proptereaquodnequelongeaboppidocastraVercingetorigisaberant,etpalus,quaeperpetuaintercedebat,Romanosadinsequendumtardabat", + "en": "They hoped that, by attempting it at the dead of night, they would effect it without any great loss of men, because the camp of Vercingetorix was not far distant from the town, and the extensive marsh which intervened, was likely to retard the Romans in the pursuit." + }, + { + "id": 7410, + "la": "Iamquehocfacerenoctuapparabant,cummatresfamiliaerepenteinpublicumprocurreruntflentesqueproiectaeadpedessuorumomnibusprecibuspetierunt,neseetcommunesliberoshostibusadsuppliciumdederent,quosadcapiendamfugamnaturaeetviriuminfirmitasimpediret", + "en": "And they were now preparing to execute this by night, when the matrons suddenly ran out-into the streets, and weeping cast themselves at the feet of their husbands, and requested of them, with every entreaty, that they should not abandon themselves and their common children to the enemy for punishment, because the weakness of their nature and physical powers prevented them from taking to flight." + }, + { + "id": 7411, + "la": "Vbieosinsententiaperstareviderunt,quodplerumqueinsummopericulotimormisericordiamnonrecipit,conclamareetsignificaredefugaRomaniscoeperunt", + "en": "When they saw that they (as fear does not generally admit of mercy in extreme danger) persisted in their resolution, they began to shout aloud, and give intelligence of their flight to the Romans." + }, + { + "id": 7412, + "la": "QuotimoreperterritiGalli,neabequitatuRomanorumviaepraeoccuparentur,consiliodestiterunt", + "en": "The Gauls being intimidated by fear of this, lest the passes should be pre-occupied by the Roman cavalry, desisted from their design." + }, + { + "id": 7413, + "la": "PosterodieCaesarpromotaturriperfectisqueoperibusquaefacereinstituerat,magnocoortoimbrenoninutilemhancadcapiendumconsiliumtempestatemarbitratusest,quodpauloincautiuscustodiasinmurodispositasvidebat,suosquelanguidiusinopereversariiussitetquidfierivelletostendit", + "en": "The next day Caesar, the tower being advanced, and the works which he had determined to raise being arranged, a violent storm arising, thought this no bad time for executing his designs, because he observed the guards arranged on the walls a little too negligently, and therefore ordered his own men to engage in their work more remissly, and pointed out what he wished to be done." + }, + { + "id": 7414, + "la": "Legionibusqueintravineasinoccultoexpeditis,cohortatusutaliquandoprotantislaboribusfructumvictoriaeperciperent,eisquiprimimurumascendissentpraemiaproposuitmilitibusquesignumdedit", + "en": "He drew up his soldiers in a secret position within the vineae, and exhorts them to reap, at least, the harvest of victory proportionate to their exertions. He proposed a reward for those who should first scale the walls, and gave the signal to the soldiers." + }, + { + "id": 7415, + "la": "Illisubitoexomnibuspartibusevolaveruntmurumqueceleritercompleverunt", + "en": "They suddenly flew out from all quarters and quickly filled the walls." + }, + { + "id": 7416, + "la": "Hostesrenovaperterritimuroturribusquedeiectiinforoaclocispatentioribuscuneatimconstiterunt,hocanimoutsiquaexparteobviamcontravenireturacieinstructadepugnarent", + "en": "The enemy being alarmed by the suddenness of the attack, were dislodged from the wall and towers, and drew up, in form of a wedge, in the market place and the open streets, with this intention that, if an attack should be made on any side, they should fight with their line drawn up to receive it." + }, + { + "id": 7417, + "la": "Vbinemineminaequumlocumsesedemittere,sedtotoundiquemurocircumfundividerunt,veritineomninospesfugaetolleretur,abiectisarmisultimasoppidipartescontinentiimpetupetiverunt,", + "en": "When they saw no one descending to the level ground, and the enemy extending themselves along the entire wall in every direction, fearing lest every hope of flight should be cut off, they cast away their arms, and sought, without stopping, the most remote parts of the town." + }, + { + "id": 7418, + "la": "parsqueibi,cumangustoexituportarumseipsipremerent,amilitibus,parsiamegressaportisabequitibusestinterfecta;", + "en": "A part was then slain by the infantry when they were crowding upon one another in the narrow passage of the gates; and a part having got without the gates, were cut to pieces by the cavalry:" + }, + { + "id": 7419, + "la": "necfuitquisquam,quipraedaestuderet.SicetCenabicaedeetlaboreoperisincitatinonaetateconfectis,nonmulieribus,noninfantibuspepercerunt", + "en": "nor was there one who was anxious for the plunder. Thus, being excited by the massacre at Genabum and the fatigue of the siege, they spared neither those worn out with years, women, or children." + }, + { + "id": 7420, + "la": "Deniqueexomninumero,quifuitcircitermiliumXL,vixDCCC,quiprimoclamoreauditoseexoppidoeiecerunt,incolumesadVercingetorigempervenerunt", + "en": "Finally, out of all that number, which amounted to about forty thousand, scarcely eight hundred, who fled from the town when they heard the first alarm, reached Vercingetorix in safety:" + }, + { + "id": 7421, + "la": "Quosillemultaiamnoctesilentioexfugaexcepit,veritusnequaincastrisexeorumconcursuetmisericordiavulgiseditiooreretur,utproculinviadispositisfamiliaribussuisprincipibusquecivitatumdisparandosdeducendosqueadsuoscuraret,quaecuiquecivitatiparscastrorumabinitioobvenerat", + "en": "and he, the night being now far spent, received them in silence after their flight (fearing that any sedition should arise in the camp from their entrance in a body and the compassion of the soldiers), so that, having arranged his friends and the chiefs of the states at a distance on the road, he took precautions that they should be separated and conducted to their fellow countrymen, to whatever part of the camp had been assigned to each state from the beginning." + }, + { + "id": 7422, + "la": "Posterodieconcilioconvocatoconsolatuscohortatusqueestneseadmodumanimodemitterent,neperturbarenturincommodo;", + "en": "Vercingetorix having convened an assembly on the following day, consoled and encouraged his soldiers in the following words: \"That they should not be too much depressed in spirit, nor alarmed at their loss;" + }, + { + "id": 7423, + "la": "nonvirtutenequeinacievicisseRomanos,sedartificioquodametscientiaoppugnationis,cuiusreifuerintipsiimperiti;", + "en": "that the Romans did not conquer by valor nor in the field, but by a kind of art and skill in assault, with which they themselves were unacquainted;" + }, + { + "id": 7424, + "la": "errare,siquiinbelloomnessecundosrerumproventusexspectent", + "en": "that whoever expected every event in the war to be favorable, erred;" + }, + { + "id": 7425, + "la": "SibinumquamplacuisseAvaricumdefendi,cuiusreitestesipsoshaberet;sedfactumimprudentiaBiturigumetnimiaobsequentiareliquorumutihocincommodumacciperetur;", + "en": "that it never was his opinion that Avaricum should be defended, of the truth of which statement he had themselves as witnesses, but that it was owing to the imprudence of the Bituriges, and the too ready compliance of the rest, that this loss was sustained;" + }, + { + "id": 7426, + "la": "idtamenseceleritermaioribuscommodissanaturum", + "en": "that, however, he would soon compensate it by superior advantages;" + }, + { + "id": 7427, + "la": "NamquaeabreliquisGalliscivitatesdissentirent,hassuadiligentiaadiuncturumatqueunumconsiliumtotiusGalliaeeffecturum,cuiusconsensuineorbisquidemterrarumpossitobsistere;idquesepropeiameffectumhabere", + "en": "for that he would, by his exertions, bring over those states which severed themselves from the rest of the Gauls, and would create a general unanimity throughout the whole of Gaul, the union of which not even the whole earth could withstand, and that he had it already almost effected;" + }, + { + "id": 7428, + "la": "Intereaaequumesseabeiscommunissalutiscausaimpetrariutcastramunireinstituerent,quofaciliusrepentinoshostiumimpetussustinerent", + "en": "that in the mean time it was reasonable that he should prevail on them, for the sake of the general safety, to begin to fortify their camp, in order that they might the more easily sustain the sudden attacks of the enemy.\"" + }, + { + "id": 7429, + "la": "FuithaecorationoningrataGallis,etmaxime,quodipseanimonondefecerattantoacceptoincommodonequeseinoccultumabdideratetconspectummultitudinisfugerat;", + "en": "This speech was not disagreeable to the Gauls, principally, because he himself was not disheartened by receiving so severe a loss, and had not concealed himself, nor shunned the eyes of the people:" + }, + { + "id": 7430, + "la": "plusqueanimoprovidereetpraesentireexistimabatur,quodreintegraprimoincendendumAvaricum,postdeserendumcensuerat", + "en": "and he was believed to possess greater foresight and sounder judgment than the rest, because, when the affair was undecided, he had at first been of opinion that Avaricum should be burnt, and afterward that it should be abandoned." + }, + { + "id": 7431, + "la": "Itaqueutreliquorumimperatorumresadversaeauctoritatemminuunt,sichuiusexcontrariodignitasincommodoacceptoindiesaugebatur", + "en": "Accordingly, as ill success weakens the authority of other generals, so, on the contrary, his dignity increased daily, although a loss was sustained:" + }, + { + "id": 7432, + "la": "Simulinspemveniebanteiusadfirmationedereliquisadiungendiscivitatibus;primumqueeotemporeGallicastramunireinstitueruntetsicsuntanimoconfirmati,hominesinsuetilaboris,utomniaquaeimperarentursibipatiendaexistimarent", + "en": "at the same time they began to entertain hopes, on his assertion, of uniting the rest of the states to themselves, and on this occasion, for the first time, the Gauls began to fortify their camps, and were so alarmed that although they were men unaccustomed to toil, yet they were of opinion that they ought to endure and suffer every thing which should be imposed upon them." + }, + { + "id": 7433, + "la": "NecminusquamestpollicitusVercingetorixanimolaborabatutreliquascivitatesadiungeret,atqueeasdonispollicitationibusquealliciebat.Huicreiidoneoshominesdeligebat,", + "en": "Nor did Vercingetorix use less efforts than he had promised, to gain over the other states, and [in consequence] endeavored to entice their leaders by gifts and promises. For this object he selected fitting emissaries," + }, + { + "id": 7434, + "la": "quorumquisqueautorationesubdolaautamicitiafacillimecapereposset.QuiAvaricoexpugnatorefugerant,", + "en": "by whose subtle pleading or private friendship, each of the nobles could be most easily influenced. He takes care that those who fled to him on the storming of Avaricum" + }, + { + "id": 7435, + "la": "armandosvestiendosquecurat;", + "en": "should be provided with arms and clothes." + }, + { + "id": 7436, + "la": "simul,utdeminutaecopiaeredintegrarentur,imperatcertumnumerummilitumcivitatibus,quemetquamantediemincastraadducivelit,sagittariosqueomnes,quorumeratpermagnusnumerusinGallia,conquirietadsemittiiubet.HisrebusceleriteridquodAvaricideperieratexpletur", + "en": "At the same time that his diminished forces should be recruited, he levies a fixed quota of soldiers from each state, and defines the number and day before which he should wish them brought to the camp, and orders all the archers, of whom there was a very great number in Gaul, to be collected and sent to him. By these means, the troops which were lost at Avaricum are speedily replaced." + }, + { + "id": 7437, + "la": "InterimTeutomatus,Olloviconisfilius,rexNitiobrigum,cuiuspaterabsenatunostroamicuseratappellatus,cummagnoequitumsuorumnumeroetquosexAquitaniaconduxeratadeumpervenit", + "en": "In the mean time, Teutomarus, the son of Ollovicon, the king of the Nitiobriges, whose father had received the appellation of friend from our senate, came to him with a great number of his own horse and those whom he had hired from Aquitania ." + }, + { + "id": 7438, + "la": "CaesarAvaricicompluresdiescommoratussummamqueibicopiamfrumentietreliquicommeatusnactusexercitumexlaboreatqueinopiarefecit", + "en": "Caesar, after delaying several days at Avaricum , and, finding there the greatest plenty of corn and other provisions, refreshed his army after their fatigue and privation." + }, + { + "id": 7439, + "la": "Iampropehiemeconfectacumipsoannitemporeadgerendumbellumvocareturetadhostemproficisciconstituisset,siveeumexpaludibussilvisqueeliceresiveobsidionepremereposset,legatiadeumprincipesAeduorumveniuntoratumutmaximenecessariotemporecivitatisubveniat:", + "en": "The winter being almost ended, when he was invited by the favorable season of the year to prosecute the war and march against the enemy, [and try] whether he could draw them from the marshes and woods, or else press them by a blockade; some noblemen of the Aedui came to him as embassadors to entreat \"that in an extreme emergency he should succor their state;" + }, + { + "id": 7440, + "la": "summoesseinpericulorem,quod,cumsingulimagistratusantiquituscreariatqueregiampotestatemannumobtinereconsuessent,duomagistratumgerantetseuterqueeorumlegibuscreatumessedicat", + "en": "that their affairs were in the utmost danger, because, whereas single magistrates had been usually appointed in ancient times and held the power of king for a single year, two persons now exercised this office, and each asserted that he was appointed according to their laws." + }, + { + "id": 7441, + "la": "HorumessealterumConvictolitavem,florentemetillustremadulescentem,alterumCotum,antiquissimafamilianatumatqueipsumhominemsummaepotentiaeetmagnaecognationis,cuiusfraterValetiacusproximoannoeundemmagistratumgesserit", + "en": "That one of them was Convictolitanis, a powerful and illustrious youth; the other Cotus, sprung from a most ancient family, and personally a man of very great influence and extensive connections. His brother Valetiacus had borne the same office during the last year:" + }, + { + "id": 7442, + "la": "Civitatemesseomneminarmis;divisumsenatum,divisumpopulum,suascuiusqueeorumclientelas.Quodsidiutiusalaturcontroversia,foreutiparscumpartecivitatisconfligat.Idneaccidat,positumineiusdiligentiaatqueauctoritate", + "en": "that the whole state was up in arms; the senate divided, the people divided; that each of them had his own adherents; and that, if the animosity would be fomented any longer, the result would be that one part of the state would come to a collision with the other; that it rested with his activity and influence to prevent it.\"" + }, + { + "id": 7443, + "la": "Caesar,etsiabelloatquehostediscederedetrimentosumesseexistimabat,tamennonignoransquantaexdissensionibusincommodaoririconsuessent,netantaettamconiunctapopuloRomanocivitas,quamipsesemperaluissetomnibusquerebusornasset,advimatquearmadescenderet,atqueeaparsquaeminussibiconfideretauxiliaaVercingetorigearcesseret,", + "en": "Although Caesar considered it ruinous to leave the war and the enemy, yet, being well aware what great evils generally arise from internal dissensions, lest a state so powerful and so closely connected with the Roman people, which he himself had always fostered and honored in every respect, should have recourse to violence and arms, and that the party which had less confidence in its own power should summon aid from Vercingetorix," + }, + { + "id": 7444, + "la": "huicreipraevertendumexistimavitet,quodlegibusAeduorumeis,quisummummagistratumobtinerent,excedereexfinibusnonliceret,nequiddeiureautdelegibuseorumdeminuissevideretur,ipseinAeduosproficiscistatuitsenatumqueomnemetquosintercontroversiaessetadseDecetiamevocavit", + "en": "he determined to anticipate this movement; and because, by the laws of the Aedui, it was not permitted those who held the supreme authority to leave the country, he determined to go in person to the Aedui, lest he should appear to infringe upon their government and laws, and summoned all the senate, and those between whom the dispute was, to meet him atDecetia." + }, + { + "id": 7445, + "la": "Cumpropeomniscivitaseoconvenisset,docereturquepaucisclamconvocatisalioloco,aliotemporeatqueoportueritfratremafratrerenuntiatum,cumlegesduoexunafamiliavivoutroquenonsolummagistratuscrearivetarent,sedetiaminsenatuesseprohiberent,Cotumimperiumdeponerecoegit,Convictolitavem,", + "en": "When almost all the state had assembled there, and he was informed that one brother had been declared magistrate by the other, when only a few persons were privately summoned for the purpose, at a different time and place from what he ought, whereas the laws not only forbade two belonging to one family to be elected magistrates while each was alive, but even deterred them from being in the senate, he compelled Cotus to resign his office; he ordered Convictolitanis," + }, + { + "id": 7446, + "la": "quipersacerdotesmorecivitatisintermissismagistratibusessetcreatus,potestatemobtinereiussit", + "en": "who had been elected by the priests, according to the usage of the state, in the presence of the magistrates, to hold the supreme authority." + }, + { + "id": 7447, + "la": "HocdecretointerpositocohortatusAeduos,utcontroversiarumacdissensionisobliviscerenturatqueomnibusomissishisrebushuicbelloservirenteaquequaemeruissentpraemiaabsedevictaGalliaexspectarentequitatumqueomnemetpeditummiliadecemsibiceleritermitterent,quaeinpraesidiisreifrumentariaecausadisponeret,exercituminduaspartesdivisit:", + "en": "Having pronounced this decree between [the contending parties], he exhorted the Aedui to bury in oblivion their disputes and dissensions, and, laying aside all these things, devote themselves to the war, and expect from him, on the conquest of Gaul, those rewards which they should have earned, and send speedily to him all their cavalry and ten thousand infantry, which he might place in different garrisons to protect his convoys of provisions, and then divided his army into two parts:" + }, + { + "id": 7448, + "la": "quattuorlegionesinSenonesParisiosqueLabienoducendasdedit,sexipseinArvernosadoppidumGergoviamsecundumflumenElaverduxit;equitatuspartemilliattribuit,partemsibireliquit", + "en": "he gave Labienus four legions to lead into the country of the Senones and Parisii ; and led in person six into the country of the Arverni, in the direction of the town of Gergovia , along the banks of the Allier . He gave part of the cavalry to Labienus and kept part to himself." + }, + { + "id": 7449, + "la": "QuarecognitaVercingetorixomnibusinterruptiseiusfluminispontibusabalterafluminisparteiterfacerecoepit", + "en": "Vercingetorix, on learning this circumstance, broke down all the bridges over the river and began to march on the other bank of the Allier ." + }, + { + "id": 7450, + "la": "Cumuterqueutrimqueexissetexercitus,inconspectuferequeeregionecastriscastraponebantdispositisexploratoribus,necubieffectoponteRomanicopiastraducerent.EratinmagnisCaesarisdifficultatibusres,nemaioremaestatispartemflumineimpediretur,quodnonfereanteautumnumElavervadotransirisolet", + "en": "When each army was in sight of the other, and was pitching their camp almost opposite that of the enemy, scouts being distributed in every quarter, lest the Romans should build a bridge and bring over their troops; it was to Caesar a matter attended with great difficulties, lest he should be hindered from passing the river during the greater part of the summer, as the Allier can not generally be forded before the autumn." + }, + { + "id": 7451, + "la": "Itaque,neidaccideret,silvestrilococastrispositiseregioneuniuseorumpontium,quosVercingetorixrescindendoscuraverat,posterodiecumduabuslegionibusinoccultorestitit;", + "en": "Therefore, that this might not happen, having pitched his camp in a woody place opposite to one of those bridges which Vercingetorix had taken care should be broken down, the next day he stopped behind with two legions in a secret place;" + }, + { + "id": 7452, + "la": "reliquascopiascumomnibusimpedimentis,utconsueverat,misit,apertisquibusdamcohortibus,utinumeruslegionumconstarevideretur", + "en": "he sent on the rest of the forces as usual, with all the baggage, after having selected some cohorts, that the number of the legions might appear to be complete." + }, + { + "id": 7453, + "la": "Hisquamlongissimepossentegrediiussis,cumiamexdieitemporeconiecturamceperatincastraperventum,isdemsublicis,quarumparsinferiorintegraremanebat,pontemreficerecoepit", + "en": "Having ordered these to advance as far as they could, when now, from the time of day, he conjectured they had come to an encampment, he began to rebuild the bridge on the same piles, the lower part of which remained entire." + }, + { + "id": 7454, + "la": "Celeritereffectooperelegionibusquetraductisetlococastrisidoneodelectoreliquascopiasrevocavit", + "en": "Having quickly finished the work and led his legions across, he selected a fit place for a camp, and recalled the rest of his troops." + }, + { + "id": 7455, + "la": "Vercingetorixrecognita,necontrasuamvoluntatemdimicarecogeretur,magnisitineribusantecessit", + "en": "Vercingetorix, on ascertaining this fact, went before him by forced marches, in order that he might not be compelled to come to an action against his will." + }, + { + "id": 7456, + "la": "CaesarexeolocoquintiscastrisGergoviampervenitequestriqueeodieproeliolevifactoperspectourbissitu,quaepositainaltissimomonteomnesaditusdifficileshabebat,deexpugnationedesperavit,deobsessionenonpriusagendumconstituit,quamremfrumentariamexpedisset", + "en": "Caesar, in five days' march, went from that place to Gergovia , and after engaging in a slight cavalry skirmish that day, on viewing the situation of the city, which, being built on a very high mountain, was very difficult of access, he despaired of taking it by storm, and determined to take no measures with regard to besieging it before he should secure a supply of provisions." + }, + { + "id": 7457, + "la": "AtVercingetorixcastris,propeoppidumpositis,mediocribuscircumseintervallisseparatimsingularumcivitatiumcopiascollocaveratatqueomnibuseiusiugicollibusoccupatis,quadespicipoterat,", + "en": "But Vercingetorix, having pitched his camp on the mountain near the town, placed the forces of each state separately and at small intervals around himself, and having occupied all the hills of that range as far as they commanded a view" + }, + { + "id": 7458, + "la": "horribilemspeciempraebebat;principesqueearumcivitatium,quossibiadconsiliumcapiendumdelegerat,primalucecotidieadseconvenireiubebat,seuquidcommunicandum,seuquidadministrandumvideretur;", + "en": "he presented a formidable appearance; he ordered the rulers of the states, whom he had selected as his council of war, to come to him daily at the dawn, whether any measure seemed to require deliberation or execution." + }, + { + "id": 7459, + "la": "nequeullumferediemintermittebatquinequestriproeliointeriectissagittariis,quidinquoqueessetanimiacvirtutissuorumperspiceret", + "en": "Nor did he allow almost any day to pass without testing in a cavalry action, the archers being intermixed, what spirit and valor there was in each of his own men." + }, + { + "id": 7460, + "la": "Erateregioneoppidicollissubipsisradicibusmontis,egregiemunitusatqueexomnipartecircumcisus;quemsitenerentnostri,etaquaemagnaparteetpabulationeliberaprohibiturihostesvidebantur;", + "en": "There was a hill opposite the town, at the very foot of that mountain, strongly fortified and precipitous on every side (which if our men could gain, they seemed likely to exclude the enemy from a great share of their supply of water, and from free foraging;" + }, + { + "id": 7461, + "la": "sedislocuspraesidioabhisnonnimisfirmotenebatur;", + "en": "but this place was occupied by them with a weak garrison):" + }, + { + "id": 7462, + "la": "tamensilentionoctisCaesarexcastrisegressus,priusquamsubsidioexoppidoveniriposset,deiectopraesidiopotituslocoduasibilegionescollocavitfossamqueduplicemduodenumpedumamaioribuscastrisadminoraperduxit,uttutoabrepentinohostiumincursuetiamsingulicommearepossent", + "en": "however, Caesar set out from the camp in the silence of night, and dislodging the garrison before succor could come from the town, he got possession of the place and posted two legions there, and drew from the greater camp to the less a double trench twelve feet broad, so that the soldiers could even singly pass secure from any sudden attack of the enemy" + }, + { + "id": 7463, + "la": "DumhaecadGergoviamgeruntur,ConvictolitavisAeduus,cuimagistratumadiudicatumaCaesaredemonstravimus,sollicitatusabArvernispecuniacumquibusdamadulescentibuscolloquitur;quorumeratprincepsLitaviccusatqueeiusfratres,amplissimafamilianatiadulescentes", + "en": "While these affairs were going on at Gergovia , Convictolanis, the Aeduan, to whom we have observed the magistracy was adjudged by Caesar, being bribed by the Arverni, holds a conference with certain young men, the chief of whom were Litavicus and his brothers, who were born of a most noble family." + }, + { + "id": 7464, + "la": "Cumhispraemiumcommunicathortaturque,utseliberosetimperionatosmeminerint", + "en": "He shares the bribe with them, and exhorts them to \"remember that they were free and born for empire;" + }, + { + "id": 7465, + "la": "UnamesseAeduorumcivitatem,quaecertissimamGalliaevictoriamdetineat;eiusauctoritatereliquascontineri;quatraductalocumconsistendiRomanisinGallianonfore", + "en": "that the state of the Aedui was the only one which retarded the most certain victory of the Gauls; that the rest were held in check by its authority; and, if it was brought over, the Romans would not have room to stand on in Gaul;" + }, + { + "id": 7466, + "la": "EssenonnulloseCaesarisbeneficioadfectum,sictamen,utiustissimamapudeumcausamobtinuerit;sedpluscommunilibertatitribuere", + "en": "that he had received some kindness from Caesar, only so far, however, as gaining a most just cause by his decision; but that he assigned more weight to the general freedom;" + }, + { + "id": 7467, + "la": "CurenimpotiusAeduidesuoiureetdelegibusadCaesaremdisceptatorem,quamRomaniadAeduosveniant?", + "en": "for, why should the Aedui go to Caesar to decide concerning their rights and laws, rather than the Romans come to the Aedui?\"" + }, + { + "id": 7468, + "la": "Celeriteradulescentibusetorationemagistratusetpraemiodeductis,cumsevelprincipeseiusconsiliforeprofiterentur,ratioperficiendiquaerebatur,quodcivitatemtemereadsuscipiendumbellumadducipossenonconfidebant", + "en": "The young men being easily won over by the speech of the magistrate and the bribe, when they declared that they would even be leaders in the plot, a plan for accomplishing it was considered, because they were confident their state could not be induced to undertake the war on slight grounds." + }, + { + "id": 7469, + "la": "PlacuitutLitaviccusdecemillismilibus,quaeCaesariadbellummitterentur,praeficereturatqueeaducendacuraret,fratresqueeiusadCaesarempraecurrerent.Reliquaquarationeagiplaceatconstituunt", + "en": "It was resolved that Litavicus should have the command of the ten thousand, which were being sent to Caesar for the war, and should have charge of them on their march, and that his brothers should go before him to Caesar. They arrange the other measures, and the manner in which they should have them done." + }, + { + "id": 7470, + "la": "Litaviccusacceptoexercitu,cummiliapassuumcirciterXXXabGergoviaabesset,convocatissubitomilitibuslacrimans, \"Quoproficiscimur,\"inquit, \"milites?", + "en": "Litavicus, having received the command of the army, suddenly convened the soldiers, when he was about thirty miles distant from Gergovia , and, weeping, said, \"Soldiers, whither are we going?" + }, + { + "id": 7471, + "la": "Omnisnosterequitatus,omnisnobilitasinteriit;principescivitatis,EporedorixetViridomarus,insimulatiproditionisabRomanisindictacausainterfectisunt", + "en": "All our knights and all our nobles have perished. Eporedirix and Viridomarus, the principal men of the state, being accused of treason, have been slain by the Romans without any permission to plead their cause." + }, + { + "id": 7472, + "la": "Haecabipsiscognoscite,quiexipsacaedefugerunt:namegofratribusatqueomnibusmeispropinquisinterfectisdoloreprohibeor,", + "en": "Learn this intelligence from those who have escaped from the massacre; for I, since my brothers and all my relations have been slain, am prevented by grief from declaring" + }, + { + "id": 7473, + "la": "quaegestasunt,pronuntiare.\"Producunturhiquosilleedocueratquaedicivellet,atqueeadem,quaeLitaviccuspronuntiaverat,multitudiniexponunt:multosequitesAeduoruminterfectos,", + "en": "what has taken place. Persons are brought forward whom he had instructed in what he would have them say, and make the same statements to the soldiery as Litavicus had made: that all the knights of the Aedui were slain" + }, + { + "id": 7474, + "la": "quodcollocuticumArvernisdicerentur;ipsosseintermultitudinemmilitumoccultasseatqueexmediacaedefugisse", + "en": "because they were said to have held conferences with the Arverni; that they had concealed themselves among the multitude of soldiers, and had escaped from the midst of the slaughter." + }, + { + "id": 7475, + "la": "ConclamantAeduietLitaviccumobsecrantutsibiconsulat \"Quasivero,\"inquitille, \"consilisitres,acnonnecessesitnobisGergoviamcontendereetcumArvernisnosmetconiungere", + "en": "The Aedui shout aloud and conjure Litavicus to provide for their safety. As if, said he, it were a matter of deliberation, and not of necessity, for us to go to Gergovia and unite ourselves to the Arverni." + }, + { + "id": 7476, + "la": "AndubitamusquinnefariofacinoreadmissoRomaniiamadnosinterficiendosconcurrant?Proinde,siquidinnobisanimiest,", + "en": "Or have we any reasons to doubt that the Romans, after perpetrating the atrocious crime, are now hastening to slay us? Therefore, if there be any spirit in us," + }, + { + "id": 7477, + "la": "persequamureorummortemquiindignissimeinterierunt,atquehoslatronesinterficiamus.\"OstenditcivesRomanos,quieiuspraesidifiduciaunaerant:", + "en": "let us avenge the death of those who have perished in a most unworthy manner, and let us slay these robbers.\" He points to the Roman citizens, who had accompanied them, in reliance on his protection." + }, + { + "id": 7478, + "la": "magnumnumerumfrumenticommeatusquediripit,ipsoscrudeliterexcruciatosinterficit", + "en": "He immediately seizes a great quantity of corn and provisions, cruelly tortures them, and then puts them to death," + }, + { + "id": 7479, + "la": "nuntiostotacivitateAeduorumdimittit,eodemmendaciodecaedeequitumetprincipumpermovet;hortaturutsimilirationeatqueipsefeceritsuasiniuriaspersequantur", + "en": "sends messengers throughout the entire state of the Aedui, and rouses them completely by the same falsehood concerning the slaughter of their knights and nobles; he earnestly advises them to avenge, in the same manner as he did, the wrongs, which they had received." + }, + { + "id": 7480, + "la": "EporedorixAeduus,summoloconatusadulescensetsummaedomipotentiae,etunaViridomarus,pariaetateetgratia,sedgeneredispari,quemCaesarabDiviciacosibitraditumexhumililocoadsummamdignitatemperduxerat,inequitumnumeroconvenerantnominatimabeoevocati", + "en": "Eporedirix, the Aeduan , a young man born in the highest rank and possessing very great influence at home, and, along with Viridomarus, of equal age and influence, but of inferior birth, whom Caesar had raised from a humble position to the highest rank, on being recommended to him by Divitiacus, had come in the number of horse, being summoned by Caesar by name." + }, + { + "id": 7481, + "la": "Hiseratintersedeprincipatucontentio,etinillamagistratuumcontroversiaalterproConvictolitavi,alterproCotosummisopibuspugnaverant", + "en": "These had a dispute with each other for precedence, and in the struggle between the magistrates they had contended with their utmost efforts, the one for Convictolitanis, the other for Cotus" + }, + { + "id": 7482, + "la": "ExeisEporedorixcognitoLitavicciconsiliomediaferenocteremadCaesaremdefert;oratnepatiaturcivitatempravisadulescentiumconsiliisabamicitiapopuliRomanideficere;quodfuturumprovideat,sisetothominummiliacumhostibusconiunxerint,quorumsalutemnequepropinquineglegere,nequecivitaslevimomentoaestimareposset", + "en": "Of these Eporedirix, on learning the design of Litavicus, lays the matter before Caesar almost at midnight; he entreats that Caesar should not suffer their state to swerve from the alliance with the Roman people, owing to the depraved counsels of a few young men which he foresaw would be the consequence if so many thousand men should unite themselves to the enemy, as their relations could not neglect their safety, nor the state regard it as a matter of slight importance." + }, + { + "id": 7483, + "la": "MagnaadfectussollicitudinehocnuntioCaesar,quodsemperAeduorumcivitatipraecipueindulserat,nullainterpositadubitationelegionesexpeditasquattuorequitatumqueomnemexcastriseducit;", + "en": "Caesar felt great anxiety on this intelligence, because he had always especially indulged the state of the Aedui, and, without any hesitation, draws out from the camp four light-armed legions and all the cavalry:" + }, + { + "id": 7484, + "la": "necfuitspatiumtalitemporeadcontrahendacastra,quodrespositainceleritatevidebatur;GaiumFabiumlegatumcumlegionibusduabuscastrispraesidiorelinquit", + "en": "nor had he time, at such a crisis, to contract the camp, because the affair seemed to depend upon dispatch. He leaves Caius Fabius, his lieutenant, with two legions to guard the camp." + }, + { + "id": 7485, + "la": "FratresLitaviccicumcomprehendiiussisset,pauloantereperitadhostesfugisse", + "en": "When he ordered the brothers of Litavicus to be arrested, he discovers that they had fled a short time before to the camp of the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 7486, + "la": "Adhortatusmilites,nenecessariotemporeitinerislaborepermoveantur,cupidissimisomnibusprogressusmiliapassuumXXVagmenAeduorumconspicatusimmissoequitatuitereorummoraturatqueimpeditinterdicitqueomnibusnequemquaminterficiant.EporedorigemetViridomarum,", + "en": "He encouraged his soldiers \"not to be disheartened by the labor of the journey on such a necessary occasion,\" and, after advancing twenty-five miles, all being most eager, he came in sight of the army of the Aedui, and, by sending on his cavalry, retards and impedes their march; he then issues strict orders to all his soldiers to kill no one. He commands Eporedirix and Viridomarus," + }, + { + "id": 7487, + "la": "quosilliinterfectosexistimabant,interequitesversarisuosqueappellareiubet", + "en": "who they thought were killed, to move among the cavalry and address their friends." + }, + { + "id": 7488, + "la": "HiscognitisetLitaviccifraudeperspectaAeduimanustendere,deditionemsignificareetproiectisarmismortemdeprecariincipiunt", + "en": "When they were recognized and the treachery of Litavicus discovered, the Aedui began to extend their hands to intimate submission, and, laying down their arms, to deprecate death." + }, + { + "id": 7489, + "la": "Litaviccuscumsuisclientibus,quibusmoreGallorumnefasestetiaminextremafortunadesererepatronos,Gergoviamprofugit", + "en": "Litavicus, with his clansmen, who after the custom of the Gauls consider it a crime to desert their patrons, even in extreme misfortune, flees forth to Gergovia ." + }, + { + "id": 7490, + "la": "CaesarnuntiisadcivitatemAeduorummissis,quisuobeneficioconservatosdocerentquosiurebelliinterficerepotuisset,tribusquehorisnoctisexercituiadquietemdatiscastraadGergoviammovit", + "en": "Caesar, after sending messengers to the state of the Aedui, to inform them that they whom he could have put to death by the right of war were spared through his kindness, and after giving three hours of the night to his army for his repose, directed his march to Gergovia" + }, + { + "id": 7491, + "la": "MediofereitinereequitesaFabiomissi,quantoresinpericulofuerit,exponunt.Summiscopiiscastraoppugnatademonstrant,cumcrebrointegridefessissuccederentnostrosqueassiduolaboredefatigarent,quibusproptermagnitudinemcastrorumperpetuoessetisdeminvallopermanendum;", + "en": "Almost in the middle of the journey, a party of horse that were sent by Fabius stated in how great danger matters were, they inform him that the camp was attacked by a very powerful army, while fresh men were frequently relieving the wearied, and exhausting our soldiers by the incessant toil, since on account of the size of the camp, they had constantly to remain on the rampart;" + }, + { + "id": 7492, + "la": "multitudinesagittarumatqueomnisgeneristelorummultosvulneratos;adhaecsustinendamagnousuifuissetormenta", + "en": "that many had been wounded by the immense number of arrows and all kinds of missiles; that the engines were of great service in withstanding them" + }, + { + "id": 7493, + "la": "Fabiumdiscessueorumduabusrelictisportisobstruereceteraspluteosquevalloaddereetseinposterumdiemsimilemquecasumapparare", + "en": "that Fabius, at their departure, leaving only two gates open, was blocking up the rest, and was adding breast-works to the ramparts, and was preparing himself for a similar casualty on the following day." + }, + { + "id": 7494, + "la": "HisrebuscognitisCaesarsummostudiomilitumanteortumsolisincastrapervenit", + "en": "Caesar, after receiving this information, reached the camp before sunrise owing to the very great zeal of his soldiers." + }, + { + "id": 7495, + "la": "DumhaecadGergoviamgeruntur,AeduiprimisnuntiisabLitaviccoacceptisnullumsibiadcognoscendumspatiumrelinquunt", + "en": "While these things are going on at Gergovia , the Aedui, on receiving the first announcements from Litavicus, leave themselves no time to ascertain the truth of those statements." + }, + { + "id": 7496, + "la": "Impellitaliosavaritia,aliosiracundiaettemeritas,quaemaximeillihominumgeneriestinnata,utlevemauditionemhabeantprorecomperta", + "en": "Some are stimulated by avarice, others by revenge and credulity, which is an innate propensity in that race of men to such a degree that they consider a slight rumor as an ascertained fact." + }, + { + "id": 7497, + "la": "BonaciviumRomanorumdiripiunt,caedesfaciunt,inservitutemabstrahunt", + "en": "They plunder the property of the Roman citizens, and either massacre them or drag them away to slavery" + }, + { + "id": 7498, + "la": "AdiuvatremproclinatamConvictolitavisplebemqueadfuroremimpellit,utfacinoreadmissoadsanitatemrevertipudeat", + "en": "Convictolitanis increases the evil state of affairs, and goads on the people to fury, that by the commission of some outrage they may be ashamed to return to propriety." + }, + { + "id": 7499, + "la": "MarcumAristium,tribunummilitum,iteradlegionemfacientemfidedataexoppidoCabillonoeducunt:idemfacerecogunteos,quinegotiandicausaibiconstiterant", + "en": "They entice from the town of Cabillonus, by a promise of safety, Marcus Aristius, a military tribune, who was on his march to his legion; they compel those who had settled there for the purpose of trading to do the same." + }, + { + "id": 7500, + "la": "Hoscontinuo(in)itinereadortiomnibusimpedimentisexuunt;repugnantesdiemnoctemqueobsident;multisutrimqueinterfectismaioremmultitudinemarmatorumconcitant", + "en": "By constantly attacking them on their march they strip them of all their baggage; they besiege day and night those that resisted; when many were slain on both sides, they excite a great number to arms." + }, + { + "id": 7501, + "la": "InterimnuntioallatoomneseorummilitesinpotestateCaesaristeneri,concurruntadAristium,nihilpublicofactumconsiliodemonstrant;quaestionemdebonisdireptisdecernunt,", + "en": "In the mean time, when intelligence was brought that all their soldiers were in Caesar's power, they run in a body to Aristius; they assure him that nothing had been done by public authority; they order an inquiry to be made about the plundered property;" + }, + { + "id": 7502, + "la": "Litaviccifatrumquebonapublicant,legatosadCaesaremsuipurgandigratiamittunt", + "en": "they confiscate the property of Litavicus and his brothers; they send embassadors to Caesar for the purpose of clearing themselves." + }, + { + "id": 7503, + "la": "Haecfaciuntreciperandorumsuorumcausa;sedcontaminatifacinoreetcapticompendioexdireptisbonis,quodearesadmultospertinebat,timorepoenaeexterriticonsiliaclamdebelloinireincipiuntcivitatesquereliquaslegationibussollicitant", + "en": "They do all this with a view to recover their soldiers; but being contaminated by guilt, and charmed by the gains arising from the plundered property, as that act was shared in by many, and being tempted by the fear of punishment, they began to form plans of war and stir up the other states by embassies." + }, + { + "id": 7504, + "la": "QuaetametsiCaesarintellegebat,tamenquammitissimepotestlegatosappellat:nihilsepropterinscientiamlevitatemquevulgigraviusdecivitateiudicarenequedesuainAeduosbenevolentiademinuere", + "en": "Although Caesar was aware of this proceeding, yet he addresses the embassadors with as much mildness as he can: \"That he did not think worse of the state on account of the ignorance and fickleness of the mob, nor would diminish his regard for the Aedui.\"" + }, + { + "id": 7505, + "la": "IpsemaioremGalliaemotumexspectans,neabomnibuscivitatibuscircumsisteretur,consiliainibatquemadmodumabGergoviadiscederetacrursusomnemexercitumcontraheret,", + "en": "He himself, fearing a greater commotion in Gaul, in order to prevent his being surrounded by all the states, began to form plans as to the manner in which he should return from Gergovia and again concentrate his forces," + }, + { + "id": 7506, + "la": "neprofectionataabtimoredefectionissimilisfugaevideretur", + "en": "lest a departure arising from the fear of a revolt should seem like a flight." + }, + { + "id": 7507, + "la": "Haeccogitantiacciderevisaestfacultasbenereigerendae.Namcuminminoracastraoperisperspiciendicausavenisset,animadvertitcollem,quiabhostibustenebatur,nudatumhominibus,quisuperioribusdiebusvixpraemultitudinecernipoterat", + "en": "While he was considering these things an opportunity of acting successfully seemed to offer. For, when he had come into the smaller camp for the purpose of securing the works, he noticed that the hill in the possession of the enemy was stripped of men, although, on the former days, it could scarcely be seen on account of the numbers on it." + }, + { + "id": 7508, + "la": "Admiratusquaeritexperfugiscausam,quorummagnusadeumcotidienumerusconfluebat", + "en": "Being astonished, he inquires the reason of it from the deserters, a great number of whom flocked to him daily." + }, + { + "id": 7509, + "la": "Constabatinteromnes,quodiamipseCaesarperexploratorescognoverat,dorsumesseeiusiugipropeaequum,sedhuncsilvestremetangustum,quaessetaditusadalterampartemoppidi;huiclocovehementerillostimereneciamalitersentire,unocolleabRomanisoccupato,sialterumamisissent,quinpaenecircumvallatiatqueomniexituetpabulationeinterclusividerentur:adhuncmuniendumomnesaVercingetorigeevocatos", + "en": "They all concurred in asserting, what Caesar himself had already ascertained by his scouts, that the back of that hill was almost level; but likewise woody and narrow, by which there was a pass to the other side of the town; that they had serious apprehensions for this place, and had no other idea, on the occupation of one hill by the Romans, than that, if they should lose the other, they would be almost surrounded, and cut off from all egress and foraging; that they were all summoned by Vercingetorix to fortify this place." + }, + { + "id": 7510, + "la": "HacrecognitaCaesarmittitcompluresequitumturmas;eisdemedianocteimperat,utpaulotumultuosiusomnibuslocisvagarentur", + "en": "Caesar, on being informed of this circumstance, sends several troops of horse to the place immediately after midnight; he orders them to range in every quarter with more tumult than usual." + }, + { + "id": 7511, + "la": "Primalucemagnumnumerumimpedimentorumexcastrismulorumqueproducidequehisstramentadetrahimulionesquecumcassidibusequitumspecieacsimulationecollibuscircumvehiiubet", + "en": "At dawn he orders a large quantity of baggage to be drawn out of the camp, and the muleteers with helmets, in the appearance and guise of horsemen, to ride round the hills." + }, + { + "id": 7512, + "la": "Hispaucosadditequitesquilatiusostentationiscausavagarentur.Longocircuitueasdemomnesiubetpetereregiones", + "en": "To these he adds a few cavalry, with instructions to range more widely to make a show. He orders them all to seek the same quarter by a long circuit;" + }, + { + "id": 7513, + "la": "Haecproculexoppidovidebantur,uterataGergoviadespectusincastra,nequetantospatiocertiquidessetexploraripoterat", + "en": "these proceedings were seen at a distance from the town, as Gergovia commanded a view of the camp, nor could the Gauls ascertain at so great a distance, what certainty there was in the maneuver." + }, + { + "id": 7514, + "la": "Legionemunameodemiugomittitetpaulumprogressaminferioreconstituitlocosilvisqueoccultat", + "en": "He sends one legion to the same hill, and after it had marched a little, stations it in the lower ground, and congeals it in the woods." + }, + { + "id": 7515, + "la": "AugeturGallissuspicio,atqueomnesilloadmunitionemcopiaetraducuntur", + "en": "The suspicion of the Gauls are increased, and all their forces are marched to that place to defend it." + }, + { + "id": 7516, + "la": "VacuacastrahostiumCaesarconspicatustectisinsignibussuorumoccultatisquesignismilitaribusrarosmilites,neexoppidoanimadverterentur,exmaioribuscastrisinminoratraducitlegatisque,quossingulislegionibuspraefecerat,quidfierivelitostendit:", + "en": "Caesar, having perceived the camp of the enemy deserted, covers the military insignia of his men, conceals the standards, and transfers his soldiers in small bodies from the greater to the less camp, and points out to the lieutenants whom he had placed in command over the respective legions, what he should wish to be done;" + }, + { + "id": 7517, + "la": "inprimismonetutcontineantmilites,nestudiopugnandiautspepraedaelongiusprogrediantur;", + "en": "he particularly advises them to restrain their men from advancing too far, through their desire of fighting, or their hope of plunder," + }, + { + "id": 7518, + "la": "quidiniquitaslocihabeatincommodiproponit:hocunaceleritatepossemutari;occasionisesserem,nonproeli", + "en": "he sets before them what disadvantages the unfavorable nature of the ground carries with it; that they could be assisted by dispatch alone: that success depended on a surprise, and not on a battle." + }, + { + "id": 7519, + "la": "HisrebusexpositissignumdatetabdextrapartealioascensueodemtemporeAeduosmittit", + "en": "After stating these particulars, he gives the signal for action, and detaches the Aedui at the same time by another ascent on the right." + }, + { + "id": 7520, + "la": "Oppidimurusabplanitieatqueinitioascensusrectaregione,sinullusanfractusintercederet,MCCpassusaberat:", + "en": "The town wall was 1200 paces distant from the plain and foot of the ascent, in a straight line, if no gap intervened;" + }, + { + "id": 7521, + "la": "quidquidhuccircuitusadmolliendumclivumaccesserat,idspatiumitinerisaugebat", + "en": "whatever circuit was added to this ascent, to make the hill easy, increased the length of the route." + }, + { + "id": 7522, + "la": "Amedioferecolleinlongitudinem,utnaturamontisferebat,exgrandibussaxissexpedummurumquinostrorumimpetumtardaretpraeduxerantGalli,atqueinferioreomnispatiovacuorelictosuperiorempartemcollisusqueadmurumoppididensissimiscastriscompleverant", + "en": "But almost in the middle of the hill, the Gauls had previously built a wall six feet high, made of large stones, and extending in length as far as the nature of the ground permitted, as a barrier to retard the advance of our men; and leaving all the lower space empty, they had filled the upper part of the hill, as far as the wall of the town, with their camps very close to one another." + }, + { + "id": 7523, + "la": "Militesdatosignoceleriteradmunitionemperveniunteamquetransgressitriniscastrispotiuntur;", + "en": "The soldiers, on the signal being given, quickly advance to this fortification, and passing over it, make themselves masters of the separate camps." + }, + { + "id": 7524, + "la": "actantafuitincastriscapiendisceleritas,utTeutomatus,rexNitiobrigum,subitointabernaculooppressus,utmeridieconquieverat,superiorecorporispartenudatavulneratoequovixseexmanibuspraedantiummilitumeriperet", + "en": "And so great was their activity in taking the camps, that Teutomarus, the king of the Nitiobriges, being suddenly surprised in his tent, as he had gone to rest at noon, with difficulty escaped from the hands of the plunderers, with the upper part of his person naked, and his horse wounded." + }, + { + "id": 7525, + "la": "Consecutusidquodanimoproposuerat,Caesarreceptuicaniiussitlegioniquedecimae,quacumerat,continuosignaconstituit", + "en": "Caesar, having accomplished the object which he had in view, ordered the signal to be sounded for a retreat; and the soldiers of the tenth legion, by which he was then accompanied, halted." + }, + { + "id": 7526, + "la": "Acreliquarumlegionummilitesnonexauditosonotubae,quodsatismagnavallesintercedebat,tamenabtribunismilitumlegatisque,uterataCaesarepraeceptum,retinebantur", + "en": "But the soldiers of the other legions, not hearing the sound of the trumpet, because there was a very large valley between them, were however kept back by the tribunes of the soldiers and the lieutenants, according to Caesar's orders;" + }, + { + "id": 7527, + "la": "Sedelatispecelerisvictoriaeethostiumfugaetsuperiorumtemporumsecundisproeliisnihiladeoarduumsibiesseexistimaveruntquodnonvirtuteconsequipossent,nequefinempriussequendifeceruntquammurooppidiportisqueappropinquarunt.Tumveroexomnibusurbispartibusortoclamore,", + "en": "but being animated by the prospect of speedy victory, and the flight of the enemy, and the favorable battles of former periods, they thought nothing so difficult that their bravery could not accomplish it; nor did they put an end to the pursuit, until they drew nigh to the wall of the town and the gates. But then, when a shout arose in every quarter of the city," + }, + { + "id": 7528, + "la": "quilongiusaberantrepentinotumultuperterriti,cumhostemintraportasesseexistimarent,seseexoppidoeiecerunt", + "en": "those who were at a distance being alarmed by the sudden tumult, fled hastily from the town, since they thought that the enemy were within the gates." + }, + { + "id": 7529, + "la": "MatresfamiliaedemurovestemargentumqueiactabantetpectorenudoprominentespassismanibusobtestabanturRomanos,utsibiparcerentneu,sicutAvaricifecissent,neamulieribusquidematqueinfantibusabstinerent:", + "en": "The matrons begin to cast their clothes and silver over the wall, and bending over as far as the lower part of the bosom, with outstretched hands beseech the Romans to spare them, and not to sacrifice to their resentment even women and children, as they had done at Avaricum ." + }, + { + "id": 7530, + "la": "nonnullaedemurispermanusdemissaesesemilitibustradebant", + "en": "Some of them let themselves down from the walls by their hands, and surrendered to our soldiers" + }, + { + "id": 7531, + "la": "LuciusFabius,centuriolegionisVIII,quemintersuoseodiedixisseconstabatexcitariseAvaricensibuspraemiisnequecommissurum,utpriusquisquammurumascenderet,tressuosnactusmanipularesatqueabeissublevatusmurumascendit:hosipserursussingulosexceptansinmurumextulit", + "en": "Lucius Fabius a centurion of the eighth legion, who, it was ascertained, had said that day among his fellow soldiers that he was excited by the plunder of Avaricum , and would not allow any one to mount the wall before him, finding three men of his own company, and being raised up by them, scaled the wall. He himself, in turn, taking hold of them one by one drew them up to the wall." + }, + { + "id": 7532, + "la": "Interimeiquiadalterampartemoppidi,utsuprademonstravimus,munitioniscausaconvenerant,primoexauditoclamore,indeetiamcrebrisnuntiisincitati,oppidumaRomanisteneri,praemissisequitibusmagnoconcursueocontenderunt", + "en": "In the mean time those who had gone to the other part of the town to defend it, as we have mentioned above, at first, aroused by hearing the shouts, and, afterward, by frequent accounts, that the town was in possession of the Romans, sent forward their cavalry, and hastened in larger numbers to that quarter." + }, + { + "id": 7533, + "la": "Eorumutquisqueprimusvenerat,submuroconsistebatsuorumquepugnantiumnumerumaugebat", + "en": "As each first came he stood beneath the wall, and increased the number of his countrymen engaged in action." + }, + { + "id": 7534, + "la": "Quorumcummagnamultitudoconvenisset,matresfamiliae,quaepauloanteRomanisdemuromanustendebant,suosobtestarietmoreGallicopassumcapillumostentareliberosqueinconspectumproferrecoeperunt", + "en": "When a great multitude of them had assembled, the matrons, who a little before were stretching their hands from the walls to the Romans, began to beseech their countrymen, and after the Gallic fashion to show their disheveled hair, and bring their children into public view." + }, + { + "id": 7535, + "la": "EratRomanisnecloconecnumeroaequacontentio;simuletcursuetspatiopugnaedefatigatinonfacilerecentesatqueintegrossustinebant", + "en": "Neither in position nor in numbers was the contest an equal one to the Romans; at the same time, being exhausted by running and the long continuation of the fight, they could not easily withstand fresh and vigorous troops." + }, + { + "id": 7536, + "la": "Caesar,cuminiquolocopugnarihostiumqueaugericopiasvideret,praemetuenssuisadTitumSextiumlegatum,quemminoribuscastrispraesidioreliquerat,misit,utcohortesexcastrisceleritereduceretetsubinfimocolleabdextrolaterehostiumconstitueret,", + "en": "Caesar, when he perceived that his soldiers were fighting on unfavorable ground, and that the enemy's forces were increasing, being alarmed for the safety of his troops, sent orders to Titus Sextius, one of his lieutenants, whom he had left to guard the smaller camp, to lead out his cohorts quickly from the camp, and post them at the foot of the hill, on the right wing of the enemy;" + }, + { + "id": 7537, + "la": "ut,sinostroslocodepulsosvidisset,quominusliberehostesinsequerenturterreret", + "en": "that if he should see our men driven from the ground, he should deter the enemy from following too closely." + }, + { + "id": 7538, + "la": "Ipsepaulumexeolococumlegioneprogressus,ubiconstiterat,eventumpugnaeexspectabat", + "en": "He himself, advancing with the legion a little from that place where he had taken his post, awaited the issue of the battle" + }, + { + "id": 7539, + "la": "Cumacerrimecomminuspugnaretur,hosteslocoetnumero,nostrivirtuteconfiderent,subitosuntAeduivisiablaterenostrisaperto,quosCaesarabdextrapartealioascensumanusdistinendaecausamiserat", + "en": "While the fight was going on most vigorously, hand to hand, and the enemy depended on their position and numbers, our men on their bravery, the Aedui suddenly appeared on our exposed flank, as Caesar had sent them by another ascent on the right, for the sake of creating a diversion." + }, + { + "id": 7540, + "la": "Hisimilitudinearmorumvehementernostrosperterruerunt,actametsidextrishumerisexsertisanimadvertebantur,quodinsignepactumesseconsuerat,tamenidipsumsuifallendicausamilitesabhostibusfactumexistimabant", + "en": "These, from the similarity of their arms, greatly terrified our men; and although they were discovered to have their right shoulders bare, which was usually the sign of those reduced to peace, yet the soldiers suspected that this very thing was done by the enemy to deceive them." + }, + { + "id": 7541, + "la": "EodemtemporeLuciusFabiuscenturioquiqueunamurumascenderantcircumventiatqueinterfectimuropraecipitabantur", + "en": "At the same time Lucius Fabius the centurion, and those who had scaled the wall with him, being surrounded and slain, were cast from the wall." + }, + { + "id": 7542, + "la": "MarcusPetronius,eiusdemlegioniscenturio,cumportamexcidereconatusesset,amultitudineoppressusacsibidesperansmultisiamvulneribusacceptismanipularibussuis,quiillumsecutierant, \"Quoniam,\"inquit, \"meunavobiscumservarenonpossum,vestraequidemcertevitaeprospiciam,quoscupiditategloriaeadductusinpericulumdeduxi", + "en": "Marcus Petreius, a centurion of the same legion, after attempting to hew down the gates, was overpowered by numbers, and, despairing of his safety, having already received many wounds, said to the soldiers of his own company who followed him: \"Since I can not save you as well as myself, I shall at least provide for your safety, since I, allured by the love of glory, led you into this danger," + }, + { + "id": 7543, + "la": "Vosdatafacultatevobisconsulite.\"Simulinmedioshostesirrupitduobusqueinterfectisreliquosaportapaulumsummovit", + "en": "do you save yourselves when an opportunity is given.\" At the same time he rushed into the midst of the enemy, and slaying two of them, drove back the rest a little from the gate." + }, + { + "id": 7544, + "la": "Conantibusauxiliarisuis\"Frustra,\"inquit, \"meaevitaesubvenireconamini,quemiamsanguisviresquedeficiunt.Proindeabite,dumestfacultas,vosqueadlegionemrecipite.\"Itapugnanspostpaulumconciditacsuissalutifuit", + "en": "When his men attempted to aid him, \"In vain,\" he says, \"you endeavor to procure me safety, since blood and strength are now failing me, therefore leave this, while you have the opportunity, and retreat to the legion.\" Thus he fell fighting a few moments after, and saved his men by his own death." + }, + { + "id": 7545, + "la": "Nostri,cumundiquepremerentur,XLVIcenturionibusamissisdeiectisuntloco.SedintolerantiusGallosinsequenteslegiodecimatardavit,quaeprosubsidiopauloaequiorelococonstiterat", + "en": "Our soldiers, being hard pressed on every side, were dislodged from their position, with the loss of forty-six centurions; but the tenth legion, which had been posted in reserve on ground a little more level, checked the Gauls in their eager pursuit." + }, + { + "id": 7546, + "la": "HancrursusXIIIlegioniscohortesexceperunt,quaeexcastrisminoribuseductaecumTitoSextiolegatoceperantlocumsuperiorem", + "en": "It was supported by the cohorts of the thirteenth legion, which, being led from the smaller camp, had, under the command of Titus Sextius, occupied the higher ground." + }, + { + "id": 7547, + "la": "Legiones,ubiprimumplanitiemattigerunt,infestiscontrahostessignisconstiterunt", + "en": "The legions, as soon as they reached the plain, halted and faced the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 7548, + "la": "Vercingetorixabradicibuscollissuosintramunitionesreduxit.Eodiemilitessuntpaulominusseptingentidesiderati", + "en": "Vercingetorix led back his men from the part of the hill within the fortifications. On that day little less than seven hundred of the soldiers were missing." + }, + { + "id": 7549, + "la": "PosterodieCaesarcontioneadvocatatemeritatemcupiditatemquemilitumreprehendit,quodsibiipsiiudicavissentquoprocedendumautquidagendumvideretur,nequesignorecipiendidatoconstitissentnequeabtribunismilitumlegatisqueretineripotuissent", + "en": "On the next day, Caesar, having called a meeting, censured the rashness and avarice of his soldiers, \"In that they had judged for themselves how far they ought to proceed, or what they ought to do, and could not be kept back by the tribunes of the soldiers and the lieutenants;" + }, + { + "id": 7550, + "la": "Exposuitquidiniquitaslociposset,quidipseadAvaricumsensisset,cumsineduceetsineequitatudeprehensishostibusexploratamvictoriamdimisisset,neparvummododetrimentumincontentionepropteriniquitatemlociaccideret", + "en": "and stated, \"what the disadvantage of the ground could effect, what opinion he himself had entertained at Avaricum , when having surprised the enemy without either general or cavalry, he had given up a certain victory, lest even a trifling loss should occur in the contest owing to the disadvantage of position." + }, + { + "id": 7551, + "la": "Quantoopereeorumanimimagnitudinemadmiraretur,quosnoncastrorummunitiones,nonaltitudomontis,nonmurusoppiditardarepotuisset,tantooperelicentiamarrogantiamquereprehendere,quodplussequamimperatoremdevictoriaatqueexiturerumsentireexistimarent;", + "en": "That as much as he admired the greatness of their courage, since neither the fortifications of the camp, nor the height of the mountain, nor the wall of the town could retard them; in the same degree he censured their licentiousness and arrogance, because they thought that they knew more than their general concerning victory, and the issue of actions:" + }, + { + "id": 7552, + "la": "necminusseabmilitemodestiametcontinentiamquamvirtutematqueanimimagnitudinemdesiderare", + "en": "and that he required in his soldiers forbearance and self-command, not less than valor and magnanimity.\"" + }, + { + "id": 7553, + "la": "Hachabitacontioneetadextremamorationemconfirmatismilitibus,neobhanccausamanimopermoverenturneuquodiniquitaslociattulissetidvirtutihostiumtribuerent,eademdeprofectionecogitansquaeantesenseratlegionesexcastriseduxitaciemqueidoneolococonstituit", + "en": "Having held this assembly, and having encouraged the soldiers at the conclusion of his speech, \"That they should not be dispirited on this account, nor attribute to the valor of the enemy, what the disadvantage of position had caused;\" entertaining the same views of his departure that he had previously had, he led forth the legions from the camp, and drew up his army in order of battle in a suitable place." + }, + { + "id": 7554, + "la": "CumVercingetorixnihilmagisinaequumlocumdescenderet,levifactoequestriproelioatquesecundoincastraexercitumreduxit", + "en": "When Vercingetorix, nevertheless, would not descend to the level ground, a slight cavalry action, and that a successful one, having taken place, he led back his army into the camp." + }, + { + "id": 7555, + "la": "Cumhocidemposterodiefecisset,satisadGallicamostentationemminuendammilitumqueanimosconfirmandosfactumexistimansinAeduosmovitcastra", + "en": "When he had done this, the next day, thinking that he had done enough to lower the pride of the Gauls, and to encourage the minds of his soldiers, he moved his camp in the direction of the Aedui." + }, + { + "id": 7556, + "la": "NetumquideminsecutishostibustertiodieadflumenElavervenit;pontemrefecitexercitumquetraduxit", + "en": "The enemy not even then pursuing us, on the third day he repaired the bridge over the river Allier, and led over his whole army." + }, + { + "id": 7557, + "la": "IbiaViridomaroatqueEporedorigeAeduisappellatusdiscitcumomniequitatuLitaviccumadsollicitandosAeduosprofectum:opusesseipsosantecedereadconfirmandamcivitatem", + "en": "Having then held an interview with Viridomarus and Eporedirix the Aeduans, he learns that Litavicus had set out with all the cavalry to raise the Aedui; that it was necessary that they too should go before him to confirm the state in their allegiance." + }, + { + "id": 7558, + "la": "EtsimultisiamrebusperfidiamAeduorumperspectamhabebatatquehorumdiscessuadmaturaridefectionemcivitatisexistimabat,tameneosretinendosnonconstituit,neautinferreiniuriamvidereturautdaretimorisaliquamsuspicionem.DiscedentibushisbrevitersuainAeduosmeritaexposuit,", + "en": "Although he now saw distinctly the treachery of the Aedui in many things, and was of opinion that the revolt of the entire state would be hastened by their departure; yet he thought that they should not be detained, lest he should appear either to offer an insult, or betray some suspicion of fear. He briefly states to them when departing his services toward the Aedui:" + }, + { + "id": 7559, + "la": "quosetquamhumilesaccepisset,compulsosinoppida,multatosagrisomnibusereptiscopiis,impositostipendio,obsidibussummacumcontumeliaextortis,", + "en": "in what a state and how humbled he had found them, driven into their towns, deprived of their lands, stripped of all their forces, a tribute imposed on them, and hostages wrested from them with the utmost insult;" + }, + { + "id": 7560, + "la": "etquaminfortunamquamqueinamplitudinemdeduxisset,utnonsoluminpristinumstatumredissent,sedomniumtemporumdignitatemetgratiamantecessisseviderentur.Hisdatismandatiseosabsedimisit", + "en": "and to what condition and to what greatness he had raised them, [so much so] that they had not only recovered their former position, but seemed to surpass the dignity and influence of all the previous eras of their history. After giving these admonitions he dismissed them." + }, + { + "id": 7561, + "la": "NoviodunumeratoppidumAeduorumadripasLigerisopportunolocopositum", + "en": "Noviodunum was a town of the Aedui, advantageously situated on the banks of the Loire ." + }, + { + "id": 7562, + "la": "HucCaesaromnesobsidesGalliae,frumentum,pecuniampublicam,suorumatqueexercitusimpedimentorummagnampartemcontulerat;", + "en": "Caesar had conveyed hither all the hostages of Gaul, the corn, public money, a great part of his own baggage and that of his army;" + }, + { + "id": 7563, + "la": "hucmagnumnumerumequorumhuiusbellicausainItaliaatqueHispaniacoemptummiserat", + "en": "he had sent hither a great number of horses, which he had purchased in Italy and Spain on account of this war." + }, + { + "id": 7564, + "la": "EocumEporedorixViridomarusquevenissentetdestatucivitatiscognovissent,LitaviccumBibractiabAeduisreceptum,quodestoppidumapudeosmaximaeauctoritatis,Convictolitavimmagistratummagnamquepartemsenatusadeumconvenisse,legatosadVercingetorigemdepaceetamicitiaconciliandapublicemissos,nonpraetermittendumtantumcommodumexistimaverunt", + "en": "When Eporedirix and Viridomarus came to this place, and received information of the disposition of the state, that Litavicus had been admitted by the Aedui into Bibracte , which is a town of the greatest importance among them, that Convictolitanis the chief magistrate and a great part of the senate had gone to meet him, that embassadors had been publicly sent to Vercingetorix to negotiate a peace and alliance; they thought that so great an opportunity ought not to be neglected." + }, + { + "id": 7565, + "la": "ItaqueinterfectisNoviodunicustodibusquiqueeonegotiandicausaconvenerantpecuniamatqueequosintersepartitisunt;", + "en": "Therefore, having put to the sword the garrison of Noviodunum , and those who had assembled there for the purpose of trading or were on their march, they divided the money and horses among themselves;" + }, + { + "id": 7566, + "la": "obsidescivitatumBibracteadmagistratumdeducendoscuraverunt;", + "en": "they took care that the hostages of the [different] states should be brought to Bibracte , to the chief magistrate;" + }, + { + "id": 7567, + "la": "oppidunt, quod a se teneri non posse iudicabant, ne cui esset usui Romanis, incenderunt;", + "en": "they burned the town to prevent its being of any service to the Romans, as they were of opinion that they could not hold it;" + }, + { + "id": 7568, + "la": "frumentiquodsubitopotueruntnavibusavexerunt,reliquumflumineatqueincendiocorruperunt", + "en": "they carried away in their vessels whatever corn they could in the hurry, they destroyed the remainder, by [throwing it] into the river or setting it on fire," + }, + { + "id": 7569, + "la": "Ipsiexfinitimisregionibuscopiascogere,praesidiacustodiasqueadripasLigerisdisponereequitatumqueomnibuslocisinicienditimoriscausaostentarecoeperunt,siabrefrumentariaRomanosexcludereautadductosinopiainprovinciamexpellerepossent", + "en": "they themselves began to collect forces from the neighboring country, to place guards and garrisons in different positions along the banks of the Loire , and to display the cavalry on all sides to strike terror into the Romans, [to try] if they could cut them off from a supply of provisions." + }, + { + "id": 7570, + "la": "quamadspemmultumeosadiuvabat,quodLigerexnivibuscreverat,utomninovadononpossetransirivideretur", + "en": "In which expectation they were much aided, from the circumstance that the Loire had swollen to such a degree from the melting of the snows, that it did not seem capable of being forded at all." + }, + { + "id": 7571, + "la": "QuibusrebuscognitisCaesarmaturandumsibicensuit,siessetinperficiendispontibuspericlitandum,utpriusquamessentmaioreseocoactaecopiaedimicaret", + "en": "Caesar on being informed of these movements was of opinion that he ought to make haste, even if he should run some risk in completing the bridges, in order that he might engage before greater forces of the enemy should be collected in that place" + }, + { + "id": 7572, + "la": "Namutcommutatoconsilioiterinprovinciamconverteret,idnemetuquidemnecessariofaciendumexistimabat;cuminfamiaatqueindignitasreietoppositusmonsCevennaviarumquedifficultasimpediebat,tummaximequodabiunctoLabienoatqueeislegionibusquasunamiseratvehementertimebat", + "en": "For no one even then considered it an absolutely necessary act, that changing his design he should direct his march into the Province, both because the infamy and disgrace of the thing, and the intervening mount Cevennes , and the difficulty of the roads prevented him; and especially because he had serious apprehensions for the safety of Labienus whom he had detached, and those legions whom he had sent with him." + }, + { + "id": 7573, + "la": "ItaqueadmodummagnisdiurnisnocturnisqueitineribusconfectiscontraomniumopinionemadLigeremvenit", + "en": "Therefore, having made very long marches by day and night, he came to the river Loire , contrary to the expectation of all;" + }, + { + "id": 7574, + "la": "vadoqueperequitesinventoproreinecessitateopportuno,utbrachiamodoatquehumeriadsustinendaarmaliberiabaquaessepossent,dispositoequitatuquivimfluminisrefringeret,atquehostibusprimoaspectuperturbatis,", + "en": "and having by means of the cavalry, found out a ford, suitable enough considering the emergency, of such depth that their arms and shoulders could be above water for supporting their accoutrements, he dispersed his cavalry in such a manner as to break the force of the current, and having confounded the enemy at the first sight," + }, + { + "id": 7575, + "la": "incolumemexercitumtraduxitfrumentumqueinagrisetpecoriscopiamnactusrepletohisrebusexercituiterinSenonesfacereinstituit", + "en": "led his army across the river in safety; and finding corn and cattle in the fields, after refreshing his army with them, he determined to march into the country of the Senones ." + }, + { + "id": 7576, + "la": "DumhaecapudCaesaremgeruntur,Labienuseosupplemento,quodnuperexItaliavenerat,relictoAgedinci,utessetimpedimentispraesidio,cumquattuorlegionibusLutetiamproficiscitur.IdestoppidumParisiorum,quodpositumestininsulafluminisSequanae", + "en": "While these things are being done by Caesar, Labienus, leaving atAgendicumthe recruits who had lately arrived from Italy, to guard the baggage, marches with four legions to Lutetia (which is a town of the Parisii , situated on an island on the river Seine )," + }, + { + "id": 7577, + "la": "Cuiusadventuabhostibuscognitomagnaeexfinitimiscivitatibuscopiaeconvenerunt", + "en": "whose arrival being discovered by the enemy, numerous forces arrived from the neighboring states." + }, + { + "id": 7578, + "la": "SummaimperitraditurCamulogenoAulerco,quipropeconfectusaetatetamenproptersingularemscientiamreimilitarisadeumesthonoremevocatus", + "en": "The supreme command is intrusted to Camalugenus one of the Aulerci, who, although almost worn out with age, was called to that honor on account of his extraordinary knowledge of military tactics." + }, + { + "id": 7579, + "la": "Iscumanimadvertissetperpetuamessepaludem,quaeinflueretinSequanamatqueillumomnemlocummagnopereimpediret,hicconseditnostrosquetransituprohibereinstituit", + "en": "He, when he observed that there was a large marsh which communicated with the Seine , and rendered all that country impassable, encamped there, and determined to prevent our troops from passing it." + }, + { + "id": 7580, + "la": "Labienusprimovineasagere,cratibusatqueaggerepaludemexplereatqueitermunireconabatur", + "en": "Labienus at first attempted to raise Vineae, fill up the marsh with hurdles and clay, and secure a road." + }, + { + "id": 7581, + "la": "Postquamiddifficiliusconfierianimadvertit,silentioecastristertiavigiliaegressuseodemquoveneratitinereMetiosedumpervenit", + "en": "After he perceived that this was too difficult to accomplish, he issued in silence from his camp at the third watch, and reached Melodunum by the same route by which he came." + }, + { + "id": 7582, + "la": "IdestoppidumSenonumininsulaSequanaepositum,utpauloantedeLutetiadiximus.Deprensisnavibuscirciterquinquagintaceleriterqueconiunctisatqueeomilitibusiniectisetreinovitateperterritisoppidanis,quorummagnaparseratadbellumevocata,sinecontentioneoppidopotitur", + "en": "This is a town of the Senones , situated on an island in the Seine , as we have just before observed of Lutetia . Having seized upon about fifty ships and quickly joined them together, and having placed soldiers in them, he intimidated by his unexpected arrival the inhabitants, of whom a great number had been called out to the war, and obtains possession of the town without a contest." + }, + { + "id": 7583, + "la": "Refectoponte,quemsuperioribusdiebushostesresciderant,exercitumtraducitetsecundoflumineadLutetiamiterfacerecoepit", + "en": "Having repaired the bridge, which the enemy had broken down during the preceding days, he led over his army, and began to march along the banks of the river to Lutetia ." + }, + { + "id": 7584, + "la": "Hostesrecognitaabeis,quiMetiosedofugerant,Lutetiamincendipontesqueeiusoppidirescindiiubent;ipsiprofectiapaludeadripasSequanaeeregioneLutetiaecontraLabienicastraconsidunt", + "en": "The enemy, on learning the circumstance from those who had escaped from Melodunum , set fire to Lutetia , and order the bridges of that town to be broken down: they themselves set out from the marsh, and take their position on the banks of the Seine , over against Lutetia and opposite the camp of Labienus." + }, + { + "id": 7585, + "la": "IamCaesaraGergoviadiscessisseaudiebatur,iamdeAeduorumdefectioneetsecundoGalliaemoturumoresadferebantur,GalliqueincolloquiisinterclusumitinereetLigeriCaesareminopiafrumenticoactuminprovinciamcontendisseconfirmabant", + "en": "Caesar was now reported to have departed from Gergovia ; intelligence was likewise brought to them concerning the revolt of the Aedui, and a successful rising in Gaul; and that Caesar, having been prevented from prosecuting his journey and crossing the Loire , and having been compelled by the want of corn, had marched hastily to the province." + }, + { + "id": 7586, + "la": "BellovaciautemdefectioneAeduorumcognita,quianteerantperseinfideles,manuscogereatqueapertebellumpararecoeperunt", + "en": "But the Bellovaci, who had been previously disaffected of themselves, on learning the revolt of the Aedui, began to assemble forces and openly to prepare for war." + }, + { + "id": 7587, + "la": "TumLabienustantarerumcommutationelongealiudsibicapiendumconsiliumatqueanteasenseratintellegebat,", + "en": "Then Labienus, as the change in affairs was so great, thought that he must adopt a very different system from what he had previously intended," + }, + { + "id": 7588, + "la": "nequeiam,utaliquidadquireretproelioquehosteslacesseret,sedutincolumemexercitumAgedincumreduceret,cogitabat", + "en": "and he did not now think of making any new acquisitions, or of provoking the enemy to an action; but that he might bring back his army safe to Agendicum." + }, + { + "id": 7589, + "la": "NamquealteraexparteBellovaci,quaecivitasinGalliamaximamhabetopinionemvirtutis,instabant,alteramCamulogenusparatoatqueinstructoexercitutenebat;tumlegionesapraesidioatqueimpedimentisinterclusasmaximumflumendistinebat", + "en": "For, on one side, the Bellovaci, a state which held the highest reputation for prowess in Gaul, were pressing on him; and Camulogenus, with a disciplined and well-equipped army, held the other side; moreover, a very great river separated and cut off the legions from the garrison and baggage." + }, + { + "id": 7590, + "la": "Tantissubitodifficultatibusobiectisabanimivirtuteauxiliumpetendumvidebat", + "en": "He saw that, in consequence of such great difficulties being thrown in his way, he must seek aid from his own energy of disposition." + }, + { + "id": 7591, + "la": "Subvesperumconsilioconvocatocohortatusuteaquaeimperassetdiligenterindustriequeadministrarent,naves,quasMetiosedodeduxerat,singulasequitibusRomanisattribuit,etprimaconfectavigiliaquattuormiliapassuumsecundofluminesilentioprogrediibiqueseexspectariiubet", + "en": "Having, therefore, called a council of war a little before evening, he exhorted his soldiers to execute with diligence and energy such commands as he should give; he assigns the ships which he had brought from Melodunum to Roman knights, one to each, and orders them to fall down the river silently for four miles, at the end of the fourth watch, and there wait for him." + }, + { + "id": 7592, + "la": "Quinquecohortes,quasminimefirmasaddimicandumesseexistimabat,castrispraesidiorelinquit;", + "en": "He leaves the five cohorts, which he considered to be the most steady in action, to guard the camp;" + }, + { + "id": 7593, + "la": "quinqueeiusdemlegionisreliquasdemedianoctecumomnibusimpedimentisadversofluminemagnotumultuproficisciimperat", + "en": "he orders the five remaining cohorts of the same legion to proceed a little after midnight up the river with all their baggage, in a great tumult." + }, + { + "id": 7594, + "la": "Conquiritetiamlintres:hasmagnosonituremorumincitatasineandempartemmittit.Ipsepostpaulosilentioegressuscumtribuslegionibuseumlocumpetitquonavesappelliiusserat", + "en": "He collects also some small boats; and sends them in the same direction, with orders to make a loud noise in rowing. He himself, a little after, marched out in silence, and, at the head of three legions, seeks that place to which he had ordered the ships to be brought." + }, + { + "id": 7595, + "la": "Eocumessetventum,exploratoreshostium,utomnifluminisparteerantdispositi,inopinantes,quodmagnasubitoeratcoortatempestas,abnostrisopprimumtur;", + "en": "When he had arrived there, the enemy's scouts, as they were stationed along every part of the river, not expecting an attack, because a great storm had suddenly arisen, were surprised by our soldiers:" + }, + { + "id": 7596, + "la": "exercitusequitatusqueequitibusRomanisadministrantibus,quoseinegotiopraefecerat,celeritertransmittitur", + "en": "the infantry and cavalry are quickly transported, under the superintendence of the Roman knights, whom he had appointed to that office." + }, + { + "id": 7597, + "la": "UnoferetemporesublucemhostibusnuntiaturincastrisRomanorumpraeterconsuetudinemtumultuarietmagnumireagmenadversofluminesonitumqueremorumineademparteexaudirietpauloinframilitesnavibustransportari", + "en": "Almost at the same time, a little before daylight, intelligence was given to the enemy that there was an unusual tumult in the camp of the Romans, and that a strong force was marching up the river, and that the sound of oars was distinctly heard in the same quarter, and that soldiers were being conveyed across in ships a little below." + }, + { + "id": 7598, + "la": "Quibusrebusauditis,quodexistimabanttribuslocistransirelegionesatqueomnesperturbatosdefectioneAeduorumfugamparare,suasquoquecopiasintrespartesdistribuerunt", + "en": "On hearing these things, because they were of opinion that the legions were passing in three different places, and that the entire army, being terrified by the revolt of the Aedui, were preparing for flight, they divided their forces also into three divisions." + }, + { + "id": 7599, + "la": "NampraesidioeregionecastrorumrelictoetparvamanuMetiosedumversusmissa,quaetantumprogrediatur,quantumnavesprocessissent,reliquascopiascontraLabienumduxerunt", + "en": "For leaving a guard opposite to the camp and sending a small body in the direction of Metiosedum, with orders to advance as far as the ships would proceed, they led the rest of their troops against Labienus." + }, + { + "id": 7600, + "la": "Primaluceetnostriomneseranttransportati,ethostiumaciescernebatur", + "en": "By day-break all our soldiers were brought across, and the army of the enemy was in sight." + }, + { + "id": 7601, + "la": "LabienusmilitescohortatusutsuaepristinaevirtutisetsecundissimorumproeliorumretinerentmemoriamatqueipsumCaesarem,cuiusductusaepenumerohostessuperassent,praesentemadesseexistimarent,datsignumproeli", + "en": "Labienus, having encouraged his soldiers \"to retain the memory of their ancient valor, and so many most successful actions, and imagine Caesar himself, under whose command they had so often routed the enemy, to be present,\" gives the signal for action." + }, + { + "id": 7602, + "la": "Primoconcursuabdextrocornu,ubiseptimalegioconstiterat,hostespellunturatqueinfugamconiciuntur;", + "en": "At the first onset the enemy are beaten and put to flight in the right wing, where the seventh legion stood:" + }, + { + "id": 7603, + "la": "absinistro,quemlocumduodecimalegiotenebat,cumprimiordineshostiumtransfixitelisconcidissent,tamenacerrimereliquiresistebant,necdabatsuspicionemfugaequisquam", + "en": "on the left wing, which position the twelfth legion held, although the first ranks fell transfixed by the javelins of the Romans, yet the rest resisted most bravely; nor did any one of them show the slightest intention of flying." + }, + { + "id": 7604, + "la": "IpseduxhostiumCamulogenussuisaderatatqueeoscohortabatur", + "en": "Camulogenus, the general of the enemy, was present and encouraged his troops." + }, + { + "id": 7605, + "la": "Incertonuncetiamexituvictoriae,cumseptimaelegionistribunisessetnuntiatumquaeinsinistrocornugererentur,posttergumhostiumlegionemostenderuntsignaqueintulerunt", + "en": "But when the issue of the victory was still uncertain, and the circumstances which were taking place on the left wing were announced to the tribunes of the seventh legion, they faced about their legion to the enemy's rear and attacked it:" + }, + { + "id": 7606, + "la": "Neeoquidemtemporequisquamlococessit,sedcircumventiomnesinterfectiquesunt", + "en": "not even then did any one retreat, but all were surrounded and slain." + }, + { + "id": 7607, + "la": "EandemfortunamtulitCamulogenus.AteiquipraesidiocontracastraLabienierantrelicti,cumproeliumcommissumaudissent,subsidiosuisieruntcollemqueceperunt,nequenostrorummilitumvictorumimpetumsustinerepotuerunt", + "en": "Camulogenus met the same fate. But those who were left as a guard opposite the camp of Labienus, when they heard that the battle was commenced, marched to aid their countrymen and take possession of a hill, but were unable to withstand the attack of the victorious soldiers." + }, + { + "id": 7608, + "la": "Siccumsuisfugientibuspermixti,quosnonsilvaemontesquetexerunt,abequitatusuntinterfecti", + "en": "In this manner, mixed with their own fugitives, such as the woods and mountains did not shelter were cut to pieces by our cavalry." + }, + { + "id": 7609, + "la": "hocnegotioconfectoLabienusrevertiturAgedincum,ubiimpedimentatotiusexercitusrelictaerant:indecumomnibuscopiisadCaesarempervenit", + "en": "When this battle was finished, Labienus returns to Agendicum, where the baggage of the whole army had been left: from it he marched with all his forces to Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 7610, + "la": "DefectioneAeduorumcognitabellumaugetur.Legationesinomnespartescircummittuntur:", + "en": "The revolt of the Aedui being known, the war grows more dangerous. Embassies are sent by them in all directions:" + }, + { + "id": 7611, + "la": "quantumgratia,auctoritate,pecuniavalent,adsollicitandascivitatesnituntur;", + "en": "as far as they can prevail by influence, authority, or money, they strive to excite the state" + }, + { + "id": 7612, + "la": "nactiobsides,quosCaesarapudeosdeposuerat,horumsuppliciodubitantesterritant", + "en": "Having got possession of the hostages whom Caesar had deposited with them, they terrify the hesitating by putting them to death." + }, + { + "id": 7613, + "la": "PetuntaVercingetorigeAeduiutadseveniatrationesquebelligerendicommunicet", + "en": "The Aedui request Vercingetorix to come to them and communicate his plans of conducting the war." + }, + { + "id": 7614, + "la": "Reimpetratacontenduntutipsissummaimperitradatur,etreincontroversiamdeductatotiusGalliaeconciliumBibracteindicitur.Eodemconveniuntundiquefrequentes", + "en": "On obtaining this request they insist that the chief command should be assigned to them; and when the affair became a disputed question, a council of all Gaul is summoned to Bibracte . They came together in great numbers and from every quarter to the same place." + }, + { + "id": 7615, + "la": "Multitudinissuffragiisrespermittitur:adunumomnesVercingetorigemprobantimperatorem", + "en": "The decision is left to the votes of the mass; all to a man approve of Vercingetorix as their general." + }, + { + "id": 7616, + "la": "AbhocconcilioRemi,Lingones,Treveriafuerunt:illi,quodamicitiamRomanorumsequebantur;Treveri,quodaberantlongiusetabGermanispremebantur,quaefuitcausaquaretotoabessentbelloetneutrisauxiliamitterent", + "en": "The Remi , Lingones , and Treviri were absent from this meeting; the two former because they attached themselves to the alliance of Rome ; the Treviri because they were very remote and were hard pressed by the Germans; which was also the reason of their being absent during the whole war, and their sending auxiliaries to neither party." + }, + { + "id": 7617, + "la": "MagnodoloreAeduiferuntsedeiectosprincipatu,querunturfortunaecommutationemetCaesarisindulgentiaminserequirunt,nequetamensusceptobellosuumconsiliumabreliquisseparareaudent", + "en": "The Aedui are highly indignant at being deprived of the chief command; they lament the change of fortune, and miss Caesar's indulgence toward them; however, after engaging in the war, they do not dare to pursue their own measures apart from the rest." + }, + { + "id": 7618, + "la": "InvitisummaespeiadulescentesEporedorixetViridomarusVercingetorigiparent", + "en": "Eporedirix and Viridomarus, youths of the greatest promise, submit reluctantly to Vercingetorix." + }, + { + "id": 7619, + "la": "Ipseimperatreliquiscivitatibusobsidesdiemqueeireiconstituit.Omnesequites,quindecimmilianumero,celeriterconvenireiubet;", + "en": "The latter demands hostages from the remaining states; nay, more, appointed a day for this proceeding; he orders all the cavalry, fifteen thousand in number, to quickly assemble here;" + }, + { + "id": 7620, + "la": "peditatuquemanteahabueritseforecontentumdicit,nequefortunamtemptaturumautinaciedimicaturum,sed,quoniamabundetequitatu,perfacileessefactufrumentationibuspabulationibusqueRomanosprohibere,", + "en": "he says that he will be content with the infantry which he had before, and would not tempt fortune nor come to a regular engagement; but since he had abundance of cavalry, it would be very easy for him to prevent the Romans from obtaining forage or corn," + }, + { + "id": 7621, + "la": "aequomodoanimosuaipsifrumentacorrumpantaedificiaqueincendant,quareifamiliarisiacturaperpetuumimperiumlibertatemqueseconsequivideant", + "en": "provided that they themselves should resolutely destroy their corn and set fire to their houses; by which sacrifice of private property they would evidently obtain perpetual dominion and freedom." + }, + { + "id": 7622, + "la": "HisconstitutisrebusAeduisSegusiavisque,quisuntfinitimiprovinciae,decemmiliapeditumimperat;hucadditequitesoctingentos", + "en": "After arranging these matters, he levies ten thousand infantry on the Aedui and Segusiani, who border on our province: to these he adds eight hundred horse" + }, + { + "id": 7623, + "la": "HispraeficitfratremEporedorigisbellumqueinferriAllobrogibusiubet", + "en": "He sets over them the brother of Eporedirix, and orders him to wage war against the Allobroges" + }, + { + "id": 7624, + "la": "AlteraexparteGabalosproximosquepagosArvernoruminHelvios,itemRutenosCadurcosqueadfinesVolcarumArecomicorumdepopulandosmittit", + "en": "On the other side he sends the Gabali and the nearest cantons of the Arverni against the Helvii; he likewise sends the Ruteni and Cadurci to lay waste the territories of the Volcae Arecomici." + }, + { + "id": 7625, + "la": "NihilominusclandestinisnuntiislegationibusqueAllobrogassollicitat,quorummentesnondumabsuperiorebelloresedissesperabat", + "en": "Besides, by secret messages and embassies, he tampers with the Allobroges, whose minds, he hopes, had not yet settled down after the excitement of the late war." + }, + { + "id": 7626, + "la": "Horumprincipibuspecunias,civitatiautemimperiumtotiusprovinciaepollicetur", + "en": "To their nobles he promises money, and to their state the dominion of the whole province." + }, + { + "id": 7627, + "la": "Adhosomnescasusprovisaerantpraesidiacohortiumduarumetviginti,quaeexipsaprovinciaabLucioCaesarelegatoadomnespartesopponebantur", + "en": "The only guards provided against all these contingencies were twenty-two cohorts, which were collected from the entire province by Lucius Caesar, the lieutenant, and opposed to the enemy in every quarter." + }, + { + "id": 7628, + "la": "HelviisuaspontecumfinitimisproeliocongressipellunturetGaioValerioDonnotauro,Caburifilio,principecivitatis,compluribusquealiisinterfectisintraoppidaacmuroscompelluntur", + "en": "The Helvii, voluntarily engaging in battle with their neighbors, are defeated, and Caius Valerius Donotaurus, the son of Caburus, the principal man of the state, and several others, being slain, they are forced to retire within their towns and fortifications." + }, + { + "id": 7629, + "la": "AllobrogescrebrisadRhodanumdispositispraesidiismagnacumcuraetdiligentiasuosfinestuentur", + "en": "The Allobroges, placing guards along the course of the Rhine , defend their frontiers with great vigilance and energy." + }, + { + "id": 7630, + "la": "Caesar,quodhostesequitatusuperioresesseintellegebatetinterclusisomnibusitineribusnullareexprovinciaatqueItaliasublevaripoterat,transRhenuminGermaniammittitadeascivitatesquassuperioribusannispacaverat,equitesqueabhisarcessitetlevisarmaturaepedites,quiintereosproeliariconsuerant", + "en": "Caesar, as he perceived that the enemy were superior in cavalry, and he himself could receive no aid from the Province or Italy, while all communication was cut off, sends across the Rhine into Germany to those states which he had subdued in the preceding campaigns, and summons from them cavalry and the light-armed infantry, who were accustomed to engage among them." + }, + { + "id": 7631, + "la": "Eorumadventu,quodminusidoneisequisutebantur,atribunismilitumreliquisqueequitibusRomanisatqueevocatisequossumitGermanisquedistribuit", + "en": "On their arrival, as they were mounted on unserviceable horses, he takes horses from the military tribunes and the rest, nay, even from the Roman knights and veterans, and distributes them among the Germans." + }, + { + "id": 7632, + "la": "Interea,dumhaecgeruntur,hostiumcopiaeexArvernisequitesquequitotiGalliaeerantimperaticonveniunt", + "en": "In the mean time, whilst these things are going on, the forces of the enemy from the Arverni, and the cavalry which had been demanded from all Gaul, meet together." + }, + { + "id": 7633, + "la": "Magnohorumcoactonumero,cumCaesarinSequanosperextremosLingonumfinesiterfaceret,quofaciliussubsidiumprovinciaeferriposset,circitermiliapassuumdecemabRomanistriniscastrisVercingetorixconsedit", + "en": "A great number of these having been collected, when Caesar was marching into the country of the Sequani, through the confines of the Lingones , in order that he might the more easily render aid to the province, Vercingetorix encamped in three camps, about ten miles from the Romans:" + }, + { + "id": 7634, + "la": "convocatisqueadconciliumpraefectisequitumvenissetempusvictoriaedemonstrat.FugereinprovinciamRomanosGalliaqueexcedere", + "en": "and having summoned the commanders of the cavalry to a council, he shows that the time of victory was come; that the Romans were fleeing into the Province and leaving Gaul;" + }, + { + "id": 7635, + "la": "Idsibiadpraesentemobtinendamlibertatemsatisesse;adreliquitemporispacematqueotiumparumprofici:maioribusenimcoactiscopiisreversurosnequefinembellandifacturos.Proindeagmineimpeditosadorirentur", + "en": "that this was sufficient for obtaining immediate freedom; but was of little moment in acquiring peace and tranquillity for the future; for the Romans would return after assembling greater forces and would not put an end to the war. Therefore they should attack them on their march, when encumbered." + }, + { + "id": 7636, + "la": "Sipeditessuisauxiliumferantatqueineomorentur,iterfacerenonposse;si,idquodmagisfuturumconfidat,relictisimpedimentissuaesaluticonsulant,etusurerumnecessariarumetdignitatespoliatumiri", + "en": "If the infantry should [be obliged to] relieve their cavalry, and be retarded by doing so, the march could not be accomplished: if, abandoning their baggage they should provide for their safety (a result which, he trusted, was more like to ensue), they would lose both property and character." + }, + { + "id": 7637, + "la": "Namdeequitibushostium,quinnemoeorumprogredimodoextraagmenaudeat,etipsosquidemnondeberedubitare,etquomaiorefaciantanimo,copiasseomnesprocastrishabiturumetterrorihostibusfuturum", + "en": "For as to the enemy's horse, they ought not to entertain a doubt that none of them would dare to advance beyond the main body. In order that they [the Gauls] may do so with greater spirit, he would marshal all their forces before the camp, and intimidate the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 7638, + "la": "Conclamantequitessanctissimoiureiurandoconfirmarioportere,netectorecipiatur,neadliberos,neadparentes,aduxoremaditumhabeat,quinonbisperagmenhostiumperequitasset", + "en": "The cavalry unanimously shout out, \"That they ought to bind themselves by a most sacred oath, that he should not be received under a roof, nor have access to his children, parents, or wife, who shall not twice have ridden through the enemy's army.\"" + }, + { + "id": 7639, + "la": "Probatareatqueomnibusiureiurandoadactisposterodieintrespartesdistributoequitatuduaeseaciesabduobuslateribusostendunt,unaprimoagmineiterimpedirecoepit", + "en": "This proposal receiving general approbation, and all being forced to take the oath, on the next day the cavalry were divided into three parts, and two of these divisions made a demonstration on our two flanks; while one in front began to obstruct our march." + }, + { + "id": 7640, + "la": "QuarenuntiataCaesarsuumquoqueequitatumtripertitodivisumcontrahostemireiubet.Pugnaturunaomnibusinpartibus", + "en": "On this circumstance being announced, Caesar orders his cavalry also to form three divisions and charge the enemy. Then the action commences simultaneously in every part:" + }, + { + "id": 7641, + "la": "Consistitagmen;impedimentaintralegionesrecipiuntur", + "en": "the main body halts; the baggage is received within the ranks of the legions." + }, + { + "id": 7642, + "la": "Siquainpartenostrilaborareautgraviuspremividebantur,eosignainferriCaesaraciemqueconstituiiubebat;quaeresethostesadinsequendumtardabatetnostrosspeauxiliconfirmabat", + "en": "If our men seemed to be distressed, or hard pressed in any quarter, Caesar usually ordered the troops to advance, and the army to wheel round in that quarter; which conduct retarded the enemy in the pursuit, and encouraged our men by the hope of support." + }, + { + "id": 7643, + "la": "TandemGermaniabdextrolateresummumiugumnactihosteslocodepellunt;fugientesusqueadflumen,ubiVercingetorixcumpedestribuscopiisconsederat,persecunturcompluresqueinterficiunt", + "en": "At length the Germans, on the right wing, having gained the top of the hill, dislodge the enemy from their position and pursue them even as far as the river at which Vercingetorix with the infantry was stationed, and slay several of them." + }, + { + "id": 7644, + "la": "Quareanimadversareliquinecircumirenturveritisefugaemandant.Omnibuslocisfitcaedes", + "en": "The rest, on observing this action, fearing lest they should be surrounded, betake themselves to flight. A slaughter ensues in every direction," + }, + { + "id": 7645, + "la": "TresnobilissimiAeduicaptiadCaesaremperducuntur:Cotus,praefectusequitum,quicontroversiamcumConvictolitaviproximiscomitiishabuerat,etCavarillus,quipostdefectionemLitaviccipedestribuscopiispraefuerat,etEporedorix,quoduceanteadventumCaesarisAeduicumSequanisbellocontenderant", + "en": "and three of the noblest of the Aedui are taken and brought to Caesar: Cotus, the commander of the cavalry, who had been engaged in the contest with Convictolitanis the last election, Cavarillus, who had held the command of the infantry after the revolt of Litavicus, and Eporedirix, under whose command the Aedui had engaged in war against the Sequani, before the arrival of Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 7646, + "la": "FugatoomniequitatuVercingetorixcopias,utprocastriscollocaverat,reduxitprotinusqueAlesiam,quodestoppidumMandubiorum,iterfacerecoepitceleriterqueimpedimentaexcastriseducietsesubsequiiussit", + "en": "All his cavalry being routed, Vercingetorix led back his troops in the same order as he had arranged them before the camp, and immediately began to march to Alesia , which is a town of the Mandubii, and ordered the baggage to be speedily brought forth from the camp, and follow him closely." + }, + { + "id": 7647, + "la": "Caesarimpedimentisinproximumcollemdeductis,duabuslegionibuspraesidiorelictis,secutusquantumdieitempusestpassum,circitertribusmilibushostiumexnovissimoagmineinterfectisalterodieadAlesiamcastrafecit", + "en": "Caesar, having conveyed his baggage to the nearest hill, and having left two legions to guard it, pursued as far as the time of day would permit, and after slaying about three thousand of the rear of the enemy, encamped at Alesia on the next day." + }, + { + "id": 7648, + "la": "Perspectourbissituperterritisquehostibus,quodequitatu,quamaximeparteexercitusconfidebant,erantpulsi,adhortatusadlaboremmilitescircumvallareinstituit", + "en": "On reconnoitering the situation of the city, finding that the enemy were panic-stricken, because the cavalry in which they placed their chief reliance, were beaten, he encouraged his men to endure the toil, and began to draw a line of circumvallation round Alesia ." + }, + { + "id": 7649, + "la": "IpsumeratoppidumAlesiaincollesummoadmodumeditoloco,utnisiobsidioneexpugnarinonpossevideretur", + "en": "The town itself was situated on the top of a hill, in a very lofty position, so that it did not appear likely to be taken, except by a regular siege." + }, + { + "id": 7650, + "la": "Cuiuscollisradicesduoduabusexpartibusfluminasubluebant", + "en": "Two rivers, on two different sides, washed the foot of the hill." + }, + { + "id": 7651, + "la": "Anteidoppidumplanitiescircitermiliapassuumtriainlongitudinempatebat:", + "en": "Before the town lay a plain of about three miles in length;" + }, + { + "id": 7652, + "la": "reliquisexomnibuspartibuscollesmediocriinteriectospatioparialtitudinisfastigiooppidumcingebant", + "en": "on every other side hills at a moderate distance, and of an equal degree of height, surrounded the town." + }, + { + "id": 7653, + "la": "Submuro,quaeparscollisadorientemsolemspectabat,huncomnemlocumcopiaeGallorumcompleverantfossamqueetmaceriamsexinaltitudinempedumpraeduxerant", + "en": "The army of the Gauls had filled all the space under the wall, comprising a part of the hill which looked to the rising sun, and had drawn in front a trench and a stone wall six feet high." + }, + { + "id": 7654, + "la": "EiusmunitionisquaeabRomanisinstituebaturcircuitusXImiliapassuumtenebat", + "en": "The circuit of that fortification, which was commenced by the Romans, comprised eleven miles." + }, + { + "id": 7655, + "la": "Castraopportunislociserantpositaibiquecastellavigintitriafacta,quibusincastellisinterdiustationesponebantur,nequasubitoeruptiofieret:haeceademnoctuexcubitoribusacfirmispraesidiistenebantur", + "en": "The camp was pitched in a strong position, and twenty-three redoubts were raised in it, in which sentinels were placed by day, lest any sally should be made suddenly; and by night the same were occupied by watches and strong guards." + }, + { + "id": 7656, + "la": "Opereinstitutofitequestreproeliumineaplanitie,quamintermissamcollibustriamiliapassuuminlongitudinempateresuprademonstravimus.Summaviabutrisquecontenditur", + "en": "The work having been begun, a cavalry action ensues in that plain, which we have already described as broken by hills, and extending three miles in length. The contest is maintained on both sides with the utmost vigor;" + }, + { + "id": 7657, + "la": "LaborantibusnostrisCaesarGermanossummittitlegionesqueprocastrisconstituit,nequasubitoirruptioabhostiumpeditatufiat", + "en": "Caesar sends the Germans to aid our troops when distressed, and draws up the legions in front of the camp, lest any sally should be suddenly made by the enemy's infantry." + }, + { + "id": 7658, + "la": "Praesidiolegionumadditonostrisanimusaugetur:hostesinfugamconiectiseipsimultitudineimpediuntatqueangustioribusportisrelictiscoacervantur", + "en": "The courage of our men is increased by the additional support of the legions; the enemy being put to flight, hinder one another by their numbers, and as only the narrower gates were left open, are crowded together in them;" + }, + { + "id": 7659, + "la": "Germaniacriususqueadmunitionessecuntur", + "en": "then the Germans pursue them with vigor even to the fortifications." + }, + { + "id": 7660, + "la": "Fitmagnacaedes:nonnullirelictisequisfossamtransireetmaceriamtranscendereconantur.PaulumlegionesCaesarquasprovalloconstitueratpromoveriiubet", + "en": "A great slaughter ensues; some leave their horses, and endeavor to cross the ditch and climb the wall. Caesar orders the legions which he had drawn up in front of the rampart to advance a little." + }, + { + "id": 7661, + "la": "NonminusquiintramunitioneserantperturbanturGalli:veniriadseconfestimexistimantesadarmaconclamant;nonnulliperterritiinoppidumirrumpunt", + "en": "The Gauls, who were within the fortifications, were no less panic-stricken, thinking that the enemy were coming that moment against them, and unanimously shout \"to arms;\" some in their alarm rush into the town;" + }, + { + "id": 7662, + "la": "Vercingetorixiubetportasclaudi,necastranudentur.Multisinterfectis,compluribusequiscaptisGermaniseserecipiunt", + "en": "Vercingetorix orders the gates to be shut, lest the camp should be left undefended. The Germans retreat, after slaying many and taking several horses." + }, + { + "id": 7663, + "la": "Vercingetorix,priusquammunitionesabRomanisperficiantur,consiliumcapitomnemabseequitatumnoctudimittere", + "en": "Vercingetorix adopts the design of sending away all his cavalry by night, before the fortifications should be completed by the Romans." + }, + { + "id": 7664, + "la": "Discedentibusmandatutsuamquisqueeorumcivitatemadeatomnesquequiperaetatemarmaferrepossintadbellumcogant", + "en": "He charges them when departing \"that each of them should go to his respective state, and press for the war all who were old enough to bear arms;" + }, + { + "id": 7665, + "la": "Suainillosmeritaproponitobtestaturqueutsuaesalutisrationemhabeantneuseoptimedecommunilibertatemeritumincruciatumhostibusdedant.Quodsiindiligentioresfuerint,miliahominumdelectaoctogintaunasecuminteriturademonstrat", + "en": "he states his own merits, and conjures them to consider his safety, and not surrender him who had deserved so well of the general freedom, to the enemy for torture; he points out to them that, if they should be remiss, eighty thousand chosen men would perish with him;" + }, + { + "id": 7666, + "la": "Rationeinitaseexiguedierumtrigintahaberefrumentum,sedpauloetiamlongiustolerariposseparcendo.Hisdatismandatis,", + "en": "that upon making a calculation, he had barely corn for thirty days, but could hold out a little longer by economy.\" After giving these instructions" + }, + { + "id": 7667, + "la": "quaopuseratintermissum,secundavigiliasilentioequitatummittit", + "en": "he silently dismisses the cavalry in the second watch, where our works were not completed;" + }, + { + "id": 7668, + "la": "Frumentumomneadsereferriiubet;capitispoenameisquinonparuerintconstituit:", + "en": "he orders all the corn to be brought to himself; he ordains capital punishment to such as should not obey;" + }, + { + "id": 7669, + "la": "pecus,cuiusmagnaeratcopiaabMandubiiscompulsa,viritimdistribuit;frumentumparceetpaulatimmetiriinstituit;", + "en": "he distributes among them, man by man, the cattle, great quantities of which had been driven there by the Mandubii; he began to measure out the corn sparingly, and by little and little;" + }, + { + "id": 7670, + "la": "copiasomnesquasprooppidocollocaveratinoppidumrecepit", + "en": "he receives into the town all the forces which he had posted in front of it." + }, + { + "id": 7671, + "la": "HisrationibusauxiliaGalliaeexspectareetbellumparatadministrare", + "en": "In this manner he prepares to await the succors from Gaul, and carry on the war." + }, + { + "id": 7672, + "la": "Quibusrebuscognitisexperfugisetcaptivis,Caesarhaecgeneramunitionisinstituit.Fossampedumvigintidirectislateribusduxit,uteiusfossaesolumtantundempateretquantumsummaefossaelabradistarent", + "en": "Caesar, on learning these proceedings from the deserters and captives, adopted the following system of fortification; he dug a trench twenty feet deep, with perpendicular sides, in such a manner that the base of this trench should extend so far as the edges were apart at the top." + }, + { + "id": 7673, + "la": "Reliquasomnesmunitionesabeafossapedesquadringentosreduxit, [id]hocconsilio,quoniamtantumessetnecessariospatiumcomplexus,necfaciletotumcorpuscoronamilitumcingeretur,nedeimprovisoautnoctuadmunitioneshostiummultitudoadvolaretautinterdiutelainnostrosoperidestinatosconicerepossent", + "en": "He raised all his other works at a distance of four hundred feet from that ditch; [he did] that with this intention, lest (since he necessarily embraced so extensive an area, and the whole works could not be easily surrounded by a line of soldiers) a large number of the enemy should suddenly, or by night, sally against the fortifications; or lest they should by day cast weapons against our men while occupied with the works." + }, + { + "id": 7674, + "la": "Hocintermissospatioduasfossasquindecimpedeslatas,eademaltitudineperduxit,quaruminterioremcampestribusacdemissislocisaquaexfluminederivatacomplevit", + "en": "Having left this interval, he drew two trenches fifteen feet broad, and of the same depth; the innermost of them, being in low and level ground, he filled with water conveyed from the river." + }, + { + "id": 7675, + "la": "Posteasaggeremacvallumduodecimpedumexstruxit.Huicloricampinnasqueadiecitgrandibuscerviseminentibusadcommissuraspluteorumatqueaggeris,quiascensumhostiumtardarent,etturrestotooperecircumdedit,quaepedesLXXXintersedistarent", + "en": "Behind these he raised a rampart and wall twelve feet high; to this he added a parapet and battlements, with large stakes cut like stags' horns, projecting from the junction of the parapet and battlements, to prevent the enemy from scaling it, and surrounded the entire work with turrets, which were eighty feet distant from one another." + }, + { + "id": 7676, + "la": "Erateodemtemporeetmateriarietfrumentariettantasmunitionesfierinecessedeminutisnostriscopiisquaelongiusabcastrisprogrediebantur:acnonnumquamoperanostraGallitemptareatqueeruptionemexoppidopluribusportissummavifacereconabantur", + "en": "It was necessary, at one and the same time, to procure timber [for the rampart], lay in supplies of corn, and raise also extensive fortifications, and the available troops were in consequence of this reduced in number, since they used to advance to some distance from the camp, and sometimes the Gauls endeavored to attack our works, and to make a sally from the town by several gates and in great force." + }, + { + "id": 7677, + "la": "QuareadhaecrursusoperaaddendumCaesarputavit,quominorenumeromilitummunitionesdefendipossent.Itaquetruncisarborumautadmodumfirmisramisabscisisatquehorumdelibratisacpraeacutiscacuminibusperpetuaefossaequinospedesaltaeducebantur", + "en": "Caesar thought that further additions should be made to these works, in order that the fortifications might be defensible by a small number of soldiers. Having, therefore, cut down the trunks of trees or very thick branches, and having stripped their tops of the bark, and sharpened them into a point, he drew a continued trench every where five feet deep." + }, + { + "id": 7678, + "la": "Hucillistipitesdemissietabinfimorevincti,nerevellipossent,abramiseminebant", + "en": "These stakes being sunk into this trench, and fastened firmly at the bottom, to prevent the possibility of their being torn up, had their branches only projecting from the ground." + }, + { + "id": 7679, + "la": "Quinierantordinesconiunctiinterseatqueimplicati;quoquiintraverant,seipsiacutissimisvallisinduebant", + "en": "There were five rows in connection with, and intersecting each other; and whoever entered within them were likely to impale themselves on very sharp stakes." + }, + { + "id": 7680, + "la": "Hoscipposappellabant.Antequosobliquisordinibusinquincuncemdispositisscrobestresinaltitudinempedesfodiebanturpaulatimangustioreadinfimumfastigio", + "en": "The soldiers called these \"cippi.\" Before these, which were arranged in oblique rows in the form of a quincunx, pits three feet deep were dug, which gradually diminished in depth to the bottom." + }, + { + "id": 7681, + "la": "Hucteretesstipitesfeminiscrassitudineabsummopraeacutietpraeustidemittebantur,itautnonampliusdigitisquattuorexterraeminerent;", + "en": "In these pits tapering stakes, of the thickness of a man's thigh; sharpened at the top and hardened in the fire, were sunk in such a manner as to project from the ground not more than four inches;" + }, + { + "id": 7682, + "la": "simulconfirmandietstabiliendicausasinguliabinfimosolopedesterraexculcabantur,reliquaparsscrobisadoccultandasinsidiasviminibusacvirgultisintegebatur", + "en": "at the same time for the purpose of giving them strength and stability, they were each filled with trampled clay to the height of one foot from the bottom: the rest of the pit was covered over with osiers and twigs, to conceal the deceit." + }, + { + "id": 7683, + "la": "Huiusgenerisoctoniordinesductiternosintersepedesdistabant", + "en": "Eight rows of this kind were dug, and were three feet distant from each other." + }, + { + "id": 7684, + "la": "Idexsimilitudineflorisliliumappellabant.Antehaectaleaepedemlongaeferreishamisinfixistotaeinterraminfodiebanturmediocribusqueintermississpatiisomnibuslocisdisserebantur;quosstimulosnominabant", + "en": "They called this a lily from its resemblance to that flower. Stakes a foot long, with iron hooks attached to them, were entirely sunk in the ground before these, and were planted in every place at small intervals; these they called spurs." + }, + { + "id": 7685, + "la": "Hisrebusperfectisregionessecutusquampotuitaequissimasprolocinaturaquattuordecimmiliapassuumcomplexuspareseiusdemgenerismunitiones,diversasabhis,contraexterioremhostemperfecit,utnemagnaquidemmultitudine,siitaaccidat,munitionumpraesidiacircumfundipossent;", + "en": "After completing these works, saving selected as level ground as he could, considering the nature of the country, and having inclosed an area of fourteen miles, he constructed, against an external enemy, fortifications of the same kind in every respect, and separate from these, so that the guards of the fortifications could not be surrounded even by immense numbers, if such a circumstance should take place owing to the departure of the enemy's cavalry;" + }, + { + "id": 7686, + "la": "acnecumpericuloexcastrisegredicogatur,dierumtrigintapabulumfrumentumquehabereomnesconvectumiubet", + "en": "and in order that the Roman soldiers might not be compelled to go out of the camp with great risk, ho orders all to provide forage and corn for thirty days." + }, + { + "id": 7687, + "la": "DumhaecapudAlesiamgeruntur,Galliconcilioprincipumindictononomneseosquiarmaferrepossent,utcensuitVercingetorix,convocandosstatuunt,sedcertumnumerumcuiqueexcivitateimperandum,netantamultitudineconfusanecmoderarinecdiscerneresuosnecfrumentandirationemhaberepossent", + "en": "While those things are carried on at Alesia , the Gauls, having convened a council of their chief nobility, determine that all who could bear arms should not be called out, which was the opinion of Vercingetorix, but that a fixed number should be levied from each state; lest, when so great a multitude assembled together, they could neither govern nor distinguish their men, nor have the means of supplying them with corn." + }, + { + "id": 7688, + "la": "ImperantAeduisatqueeorumclientibus,Segusiavis,Ambivaretis,AulercisBrannovicibus,Blannoviis,miliaXXXV;paremnumerumArvernisadiunctisEleutetis,Cadurcis,Gabalis,Vellaviis,quisubimperioArvernorumesseconsuerunt;", + "en": "They demand thirty-five thousand men from the Aedui and their dependents, the Segusiani, Ambivareti, and Aulerci Brannovices; an equal number from the Arverni in conjunction with the Eleuteti Cadurci, Gabali, and Velauni, who were accustomed to be under the command of the Arverni;" + }, + { + "id": 7689, + "la": "Sequanis, Senonibus,Biturigibus,Santonis,Rutenis,Carnutibusduodenamilia;BellovacisX;totidemLemovicibus;octonaPictonibusetTuronisetParisiisetHelvetiis; [Suessionibus,]Ambianis,Mediomatricis,Petrocoriis,Nerviis,Morinis,Nitiobrigibusquinamilia;AulercisCenomanistotidem;Atrebatibus[IIIImilibus];Veliocassis,LexoviisetAulercisEburovicibusterna;RauracisetBoiisbina;", + "en": "twelve thousand each from the Senones , Sequani, Bituriges, Sentones, Ruteni, and Carnutes; ten thousand from the Bellovaci; the same number from the Lemovici; eight thousand each from the Pictones, and Turoni , and Parisii , and Helvii; five thousand each from the Suessiones, Ambiani, Mediomatrici, Petrocorii, Nervii, Morini, and Nitiobriges; the same number from the Aulerci Cenomani; four thousand from the Atrebates; three thousand each from the Bellocassi, Lexovii, and Aulerci Eburovices; thirty thousand from the Rauraci, and Boii;" + }, + { + "id": 7690, + "la": "[XXXmilia]universiscivitatibus,quaeOceanumattinguntquaequeeorumconsuetudineArmoricaeappellantur,quosuntinnumeroCuriosolites,Redones,Ambibarii,Caletes,Osismi,Veneti,Lemovices,Venelli", + "en": "six thousand from all the states together, which border on the Atlantic, and which in their dialect are called Armoricae (in which number are comprehended the Curisolites, Rhedones, Ambibari, Caltes, Osismii, Lemovices , Veneti, and Unelli)." + }, + { + "id": 7691, + "la": "ExhisBellovacisuumnumerumnoncompleverunt,quodsesuonomineatquearbitriocumRomanisbellumgesturosdicebantnequecuiusquamimperioobtemperaturos;rogatitamenabCommioproeiushospitioduomiliaunamiserunt", + "en": "Of these the Bellovaci did not contribute their number, as they said that they would wage war against the Romans on their own account, and at their own discretion, and would not obey the order of any one: however, at the request of Commius, they sent two thousand, in consideration of a tie of hospitality which subsisted between him and them." + }, + { + "id": 7692, + "la": "HuiusoperaCommi,utanteademonstravimus,fideliatqueutilisuperioribusanniseratususinBritanniaCaesar;quibusillepromeritiscivitatemeiusimmunemesseiusserat,iuralegesquereddideratatqueipsiMorinosattribuerat", + "en": "Caesar had, as we have previously narrated, availed himself of the faithful and valuable services of this Commius, in Britain, in former years: in consideration of which merits he had exempted from taxes his [Commius's] state, and had conferred on Commius himself the country of the Morini." + }, + { + "id": 7693, + "la": "TamentantauniversaeGalliaeconsensiofuitlibertatisvindicandaeetpristinaebellilaudisrecuperandae,utnequebeneficiisnequeamicitiaememoriamoverentur,omnesqueetanimoetopibusinidbellumincumberent", + "en": "Yet such was the unanimity of the Gauls in asserting their freedom, and recovering their ancient renown in war, that they were influenced neither by favors, nor by the recollection of private friendship; and all earnestly directed their energies and resources to that war," + }, + { + "id": 7694, + "la": "CoactisequitumVIIImilibusetpeditumcirciterCCLhaecinAeduorumfinibusrecensebantur,numerusqueinibatur,praefecticonstituebantur", + "en": "and collected eight thousand cavalry, and about two hundred and forty thousand infantry. These were reviewed in the country of the Aedui, and a calculation was made of their numbers: commanders were appointed:" + }, + { + "id": 7695, + "la": "CommioAtrebati,ViridomaroetEporedorigiAeduis,VercassivellaunoArverno,consobrinoVercingetorigis,summaimperitraditur.Hisdelectiexcivitatibusattribuuntur,quorumconsiliobellumadministraretur", + "en": "the supreme command is intrusted to Commius the Atrebatian, Viridomarus and Eporedirix the Aeduans, and Vergasillaunus the Arvernan, the cousin-german of Vercingetorix. To them are assigned men selected from each state, by whose advice the war should be conducted." + }, + { + "id": 7696, + "la": "OmnesalacresetfiduciaepleniadAlesiamproficiscuntur,", + "en": "All march to Alesia , sanguine and full of confidence:" + }, + { + "id": 7697, + "la": "nequeeratomniumquisquamquiaspectummodotantaemultitudinissustineripossearbitraretur,praesertimancipitiproelio,cumexoppidoeruptionepugnaretur,foristantaecopiaeequitatuspeditatusquecernerentur", + "en": "nor was there a single individual who imagined that the Romans could withstand the sight of such an immense host: especially in an action carried on both in front and rear, when [on the inside] the besieged would sally from the town and attack the enemy, and on the outside so great forces of cavalry and infantry would be seen." + }, + { + "id": 7698, + "la": "Atei,quiAlesiaeobsidebanturpraeteritadie,quaauxiliasuorumexspectaverant,consumptoomnifrumento,insciiquidinAeduisgereretur,conciliocoacto", + "en": "But those who were blockaded at Alesia , the day being past, on which they had expected auxiliaries from their countrymen, and all their corn being consumed ignorant of what was going on among the Aedui, convened an assembly" + }, + { + "id": 7699, + "la": "deexitusuarumfortunarumconsultabant.Acvariisdictissententiis,quarumparsdeditionem,pars,dumviressuppeterent,eruptionemcensebat,nonpraetereundaoratioCritognativideturproptereiussingularemetnefariamcrudelitatem", + "en": "and deliberated on the exigency of their situation. After various opinions had been expressed among them, some of which proposed a surrender, others a sally, while their strength would support it, the speech of Critognatus ought not to be omitted for its singular and detestable cruelty." + }, + { + "id": 7700, + "la": "HicsummoinArvernisortuslocoetmagnaehabitusauctoritatis, \"Nihil,\"inquit, \"deeorumsententiadicturussum,quiturpissimamservitutemdeditionisnomineappellant,nequehoshabendosciviumloconequeadconciliumadhibendoscenseo", + "en": "He sprung from the noblest family among the Arverni, and possessing great influence, says, \"I shall pay no attention to the opinion of those who call a most disgraceful surrender by the name of a capitulation; nor do I think that they ought to be considered as citizens, or summoned to the council." + }, + { + "id": 7701, + "la": "Cumhismihiressit,quieruptionemprobant;quoruminconsilioomniumvestrumconsensupristinaeresiderevirtutismemoriavidetur.Animiestistamollitia,", + "en": "My business is with those who approve of a sally: in whose advice the memory of our ancient prowess seems to dwell in the opinion of you all." + }, + { + "id": 7702, + "la": "nonvirtus,paulisperinopiamferrenonposse.Quiseultromortiofferantfaciliusreperiunturquamquidolorempatienterferant", + "en": "To be unable to bear privation for a short time is disgraceful cowardice, not true valor. Those who voluntarily offer themselves to death are more easily found than those who would calmly endure distress." + }, + { + "id": 7703, + "la": "Atqueegohancsententiamprobarem(tantumapudmedignitaspotest),sinullampraeterquamvitaenostraeiacturamfierividerem:", + "en": "And I would approve of this opinion (for honor is a powerful motive with me), could I foresee no other loss, save that of life;" + }, + { + "id": 7704, + "la": "sedinconsiliocapiendoomnemGalliamrespiciamus,quamadnostrumauxiliumconcitavimus", + "en": "but let us, in adopting our design, look back on all Gaul, which we have stirred up to our aid." + }, + { + "id": 7705, + "la": "QuidhominummilibusLXXXunolocointerfectispropinquisconsanguineisquenostrisanimiforeexistimatis,sipaeneinipsiscadaveribusproeliodecertarecogentur?", + "en": "What courage do you think would our relatives and friends have, if eighty thousand men were butchered in one spot, supposing that they should be forced to come to an action almost over our corpses?" + }, + { + "id": 7706, + "la": "Nolitehosvestroauxilioexspoliare,quivestraesalutiscausasuumpericulumneglexerunt,necstultitiaactemeritatevestraautanimiimbecillitateomnemGalliamprosternereetperpetuaeservitutisubicere", + "en": "Do not utterly deprive them of your aid, for they have spurned all thoughts of personal danger on account of your safety; nor by your folly, rashness, and cowardice, crush all Gaul and doom it to an eternal slavery." + }, + { + "id": 7707, + "la": "An,quodaddiemnonvenerunt,deeorumfideconstantiaquedubitatis?Quidergo?Romanosinillisulterioribusmunitionibusaniminecausacotidieexerceriputatis?", + "en": "Do you doubt their fidelity and firmness because they have not come at the appointed day? What then? Do you suppose that the Romans are employed every day in the outer fortifications for mere amusement?" + }, + { + "id": 7708, + "la": "Siillorumnuntiisconfirmarinonpotestisomniaditupraesaepto,hisutiminitestibusappropinquareeorumadventum;cuiusreitimoreexterritidiemnoctemqueinopereversantur", + "en": "If you can not be assured by their dispatches, since every avenue is blocked up, take the Romans as evidence that there approach is drawing near; since they, intimidated by alarm at this, labor night and day at their works." + }, + { + "id": 7709, + "la": "quidergomeiconsiliest?Facere,quodnostrimaioresnequaquamparibelloCimbrorumTeutonumquefecerunt;quiinoppidacompulsiacsimiliinopiasubactieorumcorporibusquiaetateadbelluminutilesvidebanturvitamtoleraveruntnequesehostibustradiderunt", + "en": "What, therefore, is my design? To do as our ancestors did in the war against the Cimbri and Teutones, which was by no means equally momentous who, when driven into their towns, and oppressed by similar privations, supported life by the corpses of those who appeared useless for war on account of their age, and did not surrender to the enemy:" + }, + { + "id": 7710, + "la": "cuiusreisiexemplumnonhaberemus,tamenlibertatiscausainstituietposterisprodipulcherrimumiudicarem", + "en": "and even if we had not a precedent for such cruel conduct, still I should consider it most glorious that one should be established, and delivered to posterity" + }, + { + "id": 7711, + "la": "namquidillisimilebellofuit?DepopulataGalliaCimbrimagnaqueillatacalamitatefinibusquidemnostrisaliquandoexcesseruntatquealiasterraspetierunt;iura,leges,agros,libertatemnobisreliquerunt", + "en": "For in what was that war like this? The Cimbri, after laying Gaul waste, and inflicting great calamities, at length departed from our country, and sought other lands; they left us our rights, laws, lands, and liberty." + }, + { + "id": 7712, + "la": "Romaniveroquidpetuntaliudautquidvolunt,nisiinvidiaadducti,quosfamanobilespotentesquebellocognoverunt,horuminagriscivitatibusqueconsidereatquehisaeternaminiungereservitutem?Nequeenimullaaliacondicionebellagesserunt", + "en": "But what other motive or wish have the Romans, than, induced by envy, to settle in the lands and states of those whom they have learned by fame to be noble and powerful in war, and impose on them perpetual slavery? For they never have carried on wars on any other terms." + }, + { + "id": 7713, + "la": "Quodsieaquaeinlonginquisnationibusgerunturignoratis,respicitefinitimamGalliam,quaeinprovinciamredactaiureetlegibuscommutatissecuribussubiectaperpetuapremiturservitute.\"", + "en": "But if you know not these things which are going on in distant countries, look to the neighboring Gaul, which being reduced to the form of a province, stripped of its rights and laws, and subjected to Roman despotism, is oppressed by perpetual slavery.\"" + }, + { + "id": 7714, + "la": "Sententiisdictisconstituuntuteiquivaletudineautaetateinutilessuntbellooppidoexcedant,atqueomniapriusexperiantur,quamadCritognatisententiamdescendant:", + "en": "When different opinions were expressed, they determined that those who, owing to age or ill health, were unserviceable for war, should depart from the town, and that themselves should try every expedient before they had recourse to the advice of Critognatus:" + }, + { + "id": 7715, + "la": "illotamenpotiusutendumconsilio,sirescogatatqueauxiliamorentur,quamautdeditionisautpacissubeundamcondicionem", + "en": "however, that they would rather adopt that design, if circumstances should compel them and their allies should delay, than accept any terms of a surrender or peace." + }, + { + "id": 7716, + "la": "Mandubii,quieosoppidoreceperant,cumliberisatqueuxoribusexirecoguntur.Hi,cumadmunitionesRomanorumaccessissent,", + "en": "The Mandubii, who had admitted them into the town, are compelled to go forth with their wives and children. When these came to the Roman fortifications," + }, + { + "id": 7717, + "la": "flentesomnibusprecibusorabant,utseinservitutemreceptosciboiuvarent", + "en": "weeping, they begged of the soldiers by every entreaty to receive them as slaves and relieve them with food." + }, + { + "id": 7718, + "la": "AtCaesardispositisinvallocustodibusrecipiprohibebat", + "en": "But Caesar, placing guards on the rampart, forbade them to be admitted." + }, + { + "id": 7719, + "la": "IntereaCommiusreliquiqueducesquibussummaimperipermissaeratcumomnibuscopiisadAlesiamperveniuntetcolleexterioreoccupatononlongiusmillepassibusabnostrismunitionibusconsidunt", + "en": "In the mean time, Commius and the rest of the leaders, to whom the supreme command had been intrusted, came with all their forces to Alesia , and having occupied the entire hill, encamped not more than a mile from our fortifications" + }, + { + "id": 7720, + "la": "Posterodieequitatuexcastriseductoomnemeamplanitiem,quaminlongitudinemtriamiliapassuumpateredemonstravimus,complentpedestresquecopiaspaulumabeolocoabditasinlocissuperioribusconstituunt", + "en": "The following day, having led forth their cavalry from the camp, they fill all that plain, which, we have related, extended three miles in length, and drew out their infantry a little from that place, and post them on the higher ground." + }, + { + "id": 7721, + "la": "EratexoppidoAlesiadespectusincampum.Concurrunthisauxiliisvisis;fitgratulatiointereos,atqueomniumanimiadlaetitiamexcitantur", + "en": "The town Alesia commanded a view of the whole plain. The besieged run together when these auxiliaries were seen; mutual congratulations ensue, and the minds of all are elated with joy." + }, + { + "id": 7722, + "la": "Itaqueproductiscopiisanteoppidumconsiduntetproximamfossamcratibusinteguntatqueaggereexplentsequeaderuptionematqueomnescasuscomparant", + "en": "Accordingly, drawing out their troops, they encamp before the town, and cover the nearest trench with hurdles and fill it up with earth, and make ready for a sally and every casualty." + }, + { + "id": 7723, + "la": "Caesaromniexercituadutramquepartemmunitionumdisposito,ut,siususveniat,suumquisquelocumteneatetnoverit,equitatumexcastriseducietproeliumcommittiiubet", + "en": "Caesar, having stationed his army on both sides of the fortifications, in order that, if occasion should arise, each should hold and know his own post, orders the cavalry to issue forth from the camp and commence action." + }, + { + "id": 7724, + "la": "Eratexomnibuscastris,quaesummumundiqueiugumtenebant,despectus,atqueomnesmilitesintentipugnaeproventumexspectabant", + "en": "There was a commanding view from the entire camp, which occupied a ridge of hills; and the minds of all the soldiers anxiously awaited the issue of the battle" + }, + { + "id": 7725, + "la": "Galliinterequitesrarossagittariosexpeditosquelevisarmaturaeinteriecerant,quisuiscedentibusauxiliosuccurrerentetnostrorumequitumimpetussustinerent.Abhiscompluresdeimprovisovulneratiproelioexcedebant", + "en": "The Gauls had scattered archers and light-armed infantry here and there, among their cavalry, to give relief to their retreating troops, and sustain the impetuosity of our cavalry. Several of our soldiers were unexpectedly wounded by these, and left the battle." + }, + { + "id": 7726, + "la": "CumsuospugnasuperioresesseGalliconfiderentetnostrosmultitudinepremividerent,exomnibuspartibuseteiquimunitionibuscontinebanturethiquiadauxiliumconvenerantclamoreetululatusuorumanimosconfirmabant", + "en": "When the Gauls were confident that their countrymen were the conquerors in the action, and beheld our men hard pressed by numbers, both those who were hemmed in by the line of circumvallation and those who had come to aid them, supported the spirits of their men by shouts and yells from every quarter." + }, + { + "id": 7727, + "la": "Quodinconspectuomniumresgerebaturnequerecteacturpiterfactumcelaripoterat,utrosqueetlaudiscupiditasettimorignominiaeadvirtutemexcitabant", + "en": "As the action was carried on in sight of all, neither a brave nor cowardly act could be concealed; both the desire of praise and the fear of ignominy, urged on each party to valor." + }, + { + "id": 7728, + "la": "Cumameridiepropeadsolisoccasumdubiavictoriapugnaretur,Germaniunainparteconfertisturmisinhostesimpetumfecerunteosquepropulerunt;", + "en": "After fighting from noon almost to sunset, without victory inclining in favor of either, the Germans, on one side, made a charge against the enemy in a compact body, and drove them back;" + }, + { + "id": 7729, + "la": "quibusinfugamconiectissagittariicircumventiinterfectiquesunt", + "en": "and, when they were put to flight, the archers were surrounded and cut to pieces." + }, + { + "id": 7730, + "la": "Itemexreliquispartibusnostricedentesusqueadcastrainsecutisuicolligendifacultatemnondederunt", + "en": "In other parts, likewise, our men pursued to the camp the retreating enemy, and did not give them an opportunity of rallying." + }, + { + "id": 7731, + "la": "AteiquiabAlesiaprocesserantmaestipropevictoriadesperataseinoppidumreceperunt", + "en": "But those who had come forth from Alesia returned into the town dejected and almost despairing of success." + }, + { + "id": 7732, + "la": "UnodieintermissoGalliatquehocspatiomagnocratium,scalarum,harpagonumnumeroeffectomedianoctesilentioexcastrisegressiadcampestresmunitionesaccedunt", + "en": "The Gauls, after the interval of a day and after making, during that time, an immense number of hurdles, scaling-ladders, and iron hooks, silently went forth from the camp at midnight and approached the fortifications in the plain." + }, + { + "id": 7733, + "la": "Subitoclamoresublato,quasignificationequiinoppidoobsidebanturdesuoadventucognoscerepossent,cratesproicere,fundis,sagittis,lapidibusnostrosdevalloproturbarereliquaquequaeadoppugnationempertinentparantadministrare", + "en": "Raising a shout suddenly, that by this intimation those who were beseiged in the town might learn their arrival, they began to cast down hurdles and dislodge our men from the rampart by slings, arrows, and stones, and executed the other movements which are requisite in storming" + }, + { + "id": 7734, + "la": "EodemtemporeclamoreexauditodattubasignumsuisVercingetorixatqueexoppidoeducit", + "en": "At the same time, Vercingetorix, having heard the shout, gives the signal to his troops by a trumpet, and leads them forth from the town." + }, + { + "id": 7735, + "la": "Nostri,utsuperioribusdiebus,utcuiqueeratlocusattributus,admunitionesaccedunt;fundislibrilibussudibusquequasinoperedisposuerantacglandibusGallosproterrent", + "en": "ur troops, as each man's post had been assigned him some days before, man the fortifications; they intimidate the Gauls by slings, large stones, stakes which they had placed along the works, and bullets." + }, + { + "id": 7736, + "la": "Prospectutenebrisademptomultautrimquevulneraaccipiuntur.Compluratormentistelaconiciuntur", + "en": "All view being prevented by the darkness, many wounds are received on both sides; several missiles, are thrown from the engines." + }, + { + "id": 7737, + "la": "AtMarcusAntoniusetGaiusTreboniuslegati,quibushaepartesaddefendendumobvenerant,quaexpartenostrospremiintellexerant,hisauxilioexulterioribuscastellisdeductossummittebant", + "en": "But Marcus Antonius, and Caius Trebonius, the lieutenants, to whom the defense of these parts had been allotted, draughted troops from the redoubts which were more remote, and sent them to aid our troops, in whatever direction they understood that they were hard pressed." + }, + { + "id": 7738, + "la": "DumlongiusabmunitioneaberantGalli,plusmultitudinetelorumproficiebant;posteaquampropiussuccesserunt,autsestimulisinopinantesinduebantautinscrobesdelatitransfodiebanturautexvalloacturribustraiectipilismuralibusinteribant", + "en": "While the Gauls were at a distance from the fortification, they did more execution, owing to the immense number of their weapons: after they came nearer, they either unawares empaled themselves on the spurs, or were pierced by the mural darts from the ramparts and towers, and thus perished." + }, + { + "id": 7739, + "la": "Multisundiquevulneribusacceptisnullamunitioneperrupta,cumluxappeteret,veritineablatereapertoexsuperioribuscastriseruptionecircumvenirentur,seadsuosreceperunt", + "en": "After receiving many wounds on all sides, and having forced no part of the works, when day drew nigh, fearing lest they should be surrounded by a sally made from the higher camp on the exposed flank, they retreated to their countrymen." + }, + { + "id": 7740, + "la": "Atinteriores,dumeaquaeaVercingetorigeaderuptionempraeparataerantproferunt,prioresfossasexplent,diutiusinhisrebusadministrandismoratipriussuosdiscessissecognoverunt,quammunitionibusappropinquarent.Itareinfectainoppidumreverterunt", + "en": "But those within, while they bring forward those things which had been prepared by Vercingetorix for a sally, fill up the nearest trenches; having delayed a long time in executing these movements, they learned the retreat of their countrymen before they drew nigh to the fortifications. Thus they returned to the town without accomplishing their object." + }, + { + "id": 7741, + "la": "BismagnocumdetrimentorepulsiGalliquidagantconsulunt;locorumperitosadhibent:exhissuperiorumcastrorumsitusmunitionesquecognoscunt", + "en": "The Gauls, having been twice repulsed with great loss, consult what they should do; they avail themselves of the information of those who were well acquainted with the country; from them they ascertain the position and fortification of the upper camp." + }, + { + "id": 7742, + "la": "Erataseptentrionibuscollis,quemproptermagnitudinemcircuitusoperecircumplectinonpotuerantnostri:necessariopaeneiniquolocoetleniterdeclivicastrafecerunt", + "en": "There was, on the north side, a hill, which our men could not include in their works, on account of the extent of the circuit, and had necessarily made their camp in ground almost disadvantageous, and pretty steep." + }, + { + "id": 7743, + "la": "HaecGaiusAntistiusReginusetGaiusCaniniusRebiluslegaticumduabuslegionibusobtinebant", + "en": "Caius Antistius Reginus, and Caius Caninius Rebilus, two of the lieutenants, with two legions, were in possession of this camp." + }, + { + "id": 7744, + "la": "CognitisperexploratoresregionibusduceshostiumLXmiliaexomninumerodeliguntearumcivitatumquaemaximamvirtutisopinionemhabebant;", + "en": "The leaders of the enemy, having reconnoitered the country by their scouts, select from the entire army sixty thousand men, belonging to those states, which bear the highest character for courage;" + }, + { + "id": 7745, + "la": "quidquoquepactoagiplaceatocculteinterseconstituunt;adeunditempusdefiniunt,cummeridiesessevideatur", + "en": "they privately arrange among themselves what they wished to be done, and in what manner; they decide that the attack should take place when it should seem to be noon." + }, + { + "id": 7746, + "la": "HiscopiisVercassivellaunumArvernum,unumexquattuorducibus,propinquumVercingetorigis,praeficiunt", + "en": "They appoint over their forces Vergasillaunus, the Arvernian, one of the four generals, and a near relative of Vercingetorix" + }, + { + "id": 7747, + "la": "Illeexcastrisprimavigiliaegressuspropeconfectosublucemitinerepostmontemseoccultavitmilitesqueexnocturnolaboresesereficereiussit", + "en": "He, having issued from the camp at the first watch, and having almost completed his march a little before the dawn, hid himself behind the mountain, and ordered his soldiers to refresh themselves after their labor during the night." + }, + { + "id": 7748, + "la": "Cumiammeridiesappropinquarevideretur,adeacastraquaesuprademonstravimuscontendit;eodemquetemporeequitatusadcampestresmunitionesaccedereetreliquaecopiaeprocastrisseseostenderecoeperunt", + "en": "When noon now seemed to draw nigh, he marched hastily against that camp which we have mentioned before; and, at the same time, the cavalry began to approach the fortifications in the plain, and the rest of the forces to make a demonstration in front of the camp." + }, + { + "id": 7749, + "la": "VercingetorixexarceAlesiaesuosconspicatusexoppidoegreditur;crates,longurios,musculos,falcesreliquaquequaeeruptioniscausaparaveratprofert", + "en": "Vercingetorix, having beheld his countrymen from the citadel of Alesia , issues forth from the town; he brings forth from the camp long hooks, movable pent-houses, mural hooks, and other things, which he had prepared for the purpose of making a sally." + }, + { + "id": 7750, + "la": "Pugnaturunotemporeomnibuslocis,atqueomniatemptantur:quaeminimevisaparsfirmaest,hucconcurritur", + "en": "They engage on all sides at once and every expedient is adopted. They flocked to whatever part of the works seemed weakest." + }, + { + "id": 7751, + "la": "Romanorummanustantismunitionibusdistineturnecfacilepluribuslocisoccurrit", + "en": "The army of the Romans is distributed along their extensive lines, and with difficulty meets the enemy in every quarter." + }, + { + "id": 7752, + "la": "Multumadterrendosnostrosvaletclamor,quiposttergumpugnantibusexstitit,quodsuumpericuluminalienavidentsaluteconstare:", + "en": "The shouts which were raised by the combatants in their rear, had a great tendency to intimidate our men, because they perceived that their danger rested on the valor of others" + }, + { + "id": 7753, + "la": "omniaenimplerumquequaeabsuntvehementiushominummentesperturbant", + "en": "for generally all evils which are distant most powerfully alarm men's minds." + }, + { + "id": 7754, + "la": "Caesaridoneumlocumnactusquidquaqueexpartegeraturcognoscit;laborantibussummittit", + "en": "Caesar, having selected a commanding situation, sees distinctly whatever is going on in every quarter, and sends assistance to his troops when hard pressed." + }, + { + "id": 7755, + "la": "Utrisqueadanimumoccurritunumesseilludtempus,quomaximecontendiconveniat:", + "en": "The idea uppermost in the minds of both parties is, that the present is the time in which they would have the fairest opportunity of making a struggle;" + }, + { + "id": 7756, + "la": "Galli,nisiperfregerintmunitiones,deomnisalutedesperant;Romani,siremobtinuerint,finemlaborumomniumexspectant", + "en": "the Gauls despairing of all safety, unless they should succeed in forcing the lines: the Romans expecting an end to all their labors if they should gain the day." + }, + { + "id": 7757, + "la": "Maximeadsuperioresmunitioneslaboratur,quoVercassivellaunummissumdemonstravimus.Iniquumlociaddeclivitatemfastigiummagnumhabetmomentum", + "en": "The principal struggle is at the upper lines, to which as we have said Vergasillaunus was sent. The least elevation of ground, added to a declivity, exercises a momentous influence." + }, + { + "id": 7758, + "la": "Aliitelaconiciunt,aliitestudinefactasubeunt;defatigatisinvicemintegrisuccedunt", + "en": "Some are casting missiles, others, forming a testudo, advance to the attack; fresh men by turns relieve the wearied." + }, + { + "id": 7759, + "la": "AggerabuniversisinmunitionemconiectusetascensumdatGalliseteaquaeinterraoccultaverantRomanicontegit;neciamarmanostrisnecviressuppetunt", + "en": "The earth, heaped up by all against the fortifications, gives the means of ascent to the Gauls, and covers those works which the Romans had concealed in the ground. Our men have no longer arms or strength." + }, + { + "id": 7760, + "la": "HisrebuscognitisCaesarLabienumcumcohortibussexsubsidiolaborantibusmittit:", + "en": "Caesar, on observing these movements, sends Labienus with six cohorts to relieve his distressed soldiers:" + }, + { + "id": 7761, + "la": "imperat,sisustinerenonposset,deductiscohortibuseruptionepugnaret;idnisinecessarionefaciat", + "en": "he orders him, if he should be unable to withstand them, to draw off the cohorts and make a sally; but not to do this except through necessity." + }, + { + "id": 7762, + "la": "Ipseaditreliquos,cohortaturnelaborisuccumbant;omniumsuperiorumdimicationumfructumineodieatquehoradocetconsistere", + "en": "He himself goes to the rest, and exhorts them not to succumb to the toil; he shows them that the fruits of all former engagements depend on that day and hour." + }, + { + "id": 7763, + "la": "Interioresdesperatiscampestribuslocisproptermagnitudinemmunitionumlocapraeruptaexascensutemptant:huceaquaeparaverantconferunt", + "en": "The Gauls within, despairing of forcing the fortifications in the plains on account of the greatness of the works, attempt the places precipitous in ascent: hither they bring the engines which they had prepared;" + }, + { + "id": 7764, + "la": "Multitudinetelorumexturribuspropugnantesdeturbant,aggereetcratibusfossasexplent,falcibusvallumacloricamrescindunt", + "en": "by the immense number of their missiles they dislodge the defenders from the turrets: they fill the ditches with clay and hurdles, then clear the way; they tear down the rampart and breast-work with hooks." + }, + { + "id": 7765, + "la": "MittitprimoBrutumadulescentemcumcohortibusCaesar,postcumaliisGaiumFabiumlegatum;postremoipse,cumvehementiuspugnaretur,integrossubsidioadducit", + "en": "Caesar sends at first young Brutus, with six cohorts, and afterward Caius Fabius, his lieutenant, with seven others: finally, as they fought more obstinately, he leads up fresh men to the assistance of his soldiers." + }, + { + "id": 7766, + "la": "RestitutoproelioacrepulsishostibuseoquoLabienummiseratcontendit;cohortesquattuorexproximocastellodeducit,equitumpartemsequi,partemcircumireexterioresmunitionesetabtergohostesadoririiubet", + "en": "After renewing the action, and repulsing the enemy, he marches in the direction in which he had sent Labienus, drafts four cohorts from the nearest redoubt, and orders part of the cavalry to follow him, and part to make the circuit of the external fortifications and attack the enemy in the rear." + }, + { + "id": 7767, + "la": "Labienus,postquamnequeaggeresnequefossaevimhostiumsustinerepoterant,coactisunaXLcohortibus,quasexproximispraesidiisdeductasforsobtulit,Caesarempernuntiosfacitcertioremquidfaciendumexistimet.AcceleratCaesar,utproeliointersit", + "en": "Labienus, when neither the ramparts or ditches could check the onset of the enemy, informs Caesar by messengers of what he intended to do. Caesar hastens to share in the action." + }, + { + "id": 7768, + "la": "Eiusadventuexcolorevestituscognito,quoinsigniinproeliisuticonsuerat,turmisqueequitumetcohortibusvisisquassesequiiusserat,utdelocissuperioribushaecdecliviaetdevexacernebantur,hostesproeliumcommittunt", + "en": "His arrival being known from the color of his robe, and the troops of cavalry, and the cohorts which he had ordered to follow him being seen, as these low and sloping grounds were plainly visible from the eminences, the enemy join battle." + }, + { + "id": 7769, + "la": "Utrimqueclamoresublatoexcipitrursusexvalloatqueomnibusmunitionibusclamor.Nostriomissispilisgladiisremgerunt", + "en": "A shout being raised by both sides, it was succeeded by a general shout along the ramparts and whole line of fortifications. Our troops, laying aside their javelins, carry on the engagement with their swords." + }, + { + "id": 7770, + "la": "Repenteposttergumequitatuscernitur;cohortesaliaeappropinquant.Hostestergavertunt;fugientibusequitesoccurrunt.Fitmagnacaedes.Sedulius,duxetprincepsLemovicum,occiditur;", + "en": "The cavalry is suddenly seen in the rear of the Gauls; the other cohorts advance rapidly; the enemy turn their backs; the cavalry intercept them in their flight, and a great slaughter ensues. Sedulius the general and chief of the Lemovices is slain;" + }, + { + "id": 7771, + "la": "VercassivellaunusArvernusvivusinfugacomprehenditur;signamilitariaseptuagintaquattuoradCaesaremreferuntur:pauciextantonumeroseincolumesincastrarecipiunt", + "en": "Vergasillaunus the Arvernian, is taken alive in the flight, seventy-four military standards are brought to Caesar, and few out of so great a number return safe to their camp" + }, + { + "id": 7772, + "la": "Conspicatiexoppidocaedemetfugamsuorumdesperatasalutecopiasamunitionibusreducunt", + "en": "The besieged, beholding from the town the slaughter and flight of their countrymen, despairing of safety, lead back their troops from the fortifications." + }, + { + "id": 7773, + "la": "FitprotinushacreauditaexcastrisGallorumfuga.Quodnisicrebrissubsidiisactotiusdieilaboremilitesessentdefessi,omneshostiumcopiaedeleripotuissent", + "en": "A flight of the Gauls from their camp immediately ensues on hearing of this disaster, and had not the soldiers been wearied by sending frequent reinforcements, and the labor of the entire day, all the enemy's forces could have been destroyed." + }, + { + "id": 7774, + "la": "Demedianoctemissusequitatusnovissimumagmenconsequitur:magnusnumeruscapituratqueinterficitur;reliquiexfugaincivitatesdiscedunt", + "en": "Immediately after midnight, the cavalry are sent out and overtake the rear, a great number are taken or cut to pieces, the rest by flight escape in different directions to their respective states" + }, + { + "id": 7775, + "la": "PosterodieVercingetorixconcilioconvocatoidbellumsesuscepissenonsuarumnecessitatium,", + "en": "Vercingetorix, having convened a council the following day, declares, \"That he had undertaken that war, not on account of his own exigences," + }, + { + "id": 7776, + "la": "sedcommunislibertatiscausademonstrat,etquoniamsitfortunaecedendum,adutramqueremseillisofferre,seumortesuaRomanissatisfacereseuvivumtraderevelint.MittunturdehisrebusadCaesaremlegati", + "en": "but on account of the general freedom; and since he must yield to fortune, he offered himself to them for either purpose, whether they should wish to atone to the Romans by his death, or surrender him alive. Embassadors are sent to Caesar on this subject." + }, + { + "id": 7777, + "la": "Iubetarmatradi,principesproduci", + "en": "He orders their arms to be surrendered, and their chieftains delivered up." + }, + { + "id": 7778, + "la": "Ipseinmunitioneprocastrisconsedit:eoducesproducuntur;Vercingetorixdeditur,armaproiciuntur", + "en": "He seated himself at the head of the lines in front of the camp, the Gallic chieftains are brought before him. They surrender Vercingetorix, and lay down their arms." + }, + { + "id": 7779, + "la": "ReservatisAeduisatqueArvernis,sipereoscivitatesreciperareposset,exreliquiscaptivistotoexercituicapitasingulapraedaenominedistribuit", + "en": "Reserving the Aedui and Arverni, [to try] if he could gain over, through their influence, their respective states, he distributes one of the remaining captives to each soldier, throughout the entire army, as plunder." + }, + { + "id": 7780, + "la": "HisrebusconfectisinAeduosproficiscitur;civitatemrecipit", + "en": "After making these arrangements, he marches into the [country of the] Aedui, and recovers that state." + }, + { + "id": 7781, + "la": "EolegatiabArvernismissiquaeimperaretsefacturospollicentur.Imperatmagnumnumerumobsidum", + "en": "To this place embassadors are sent by the Arveni, who promise that they will execute his commands. He demands a great number of hostages." + }, + { + "id": 7782, + "la": "Legionesinhibernamittit.CaptivorumcircitervigintimiliaAeduisArvernisquereddit", + "en": "He sends the legions to winter-quarters; he restores about twenty thousand captives to the Aedui and Arverni;" + }, + { + "id": 7783, + "la": "TitumLabienumduabuscumlegionibusetequitatuinSequanosproficisciiubet:huicMarcumSemproniumRutilumattribuit", + "en": "he orders Titus Labienus to march into the Sequani with two legions and the cavalry, and to him he attaches Marcus Sempronius Rutilus;" + }, + { + "id": 7784, + "la": "GaiumFabiumlegatumetLuciumMinuciumBasilumcumlegionibusduabusinRemiscollocat,nequamabfinitimisBellovaciscalamitatemaccipiant", + "en": "he places Caius Fabius, and Lucius Minucius Basilus, with two legions in the country of the Remi, lest they should sustain any loss from the Bellovaci in their neighborhood." + }, + { + "id": 7785, + "la": "GaiumAntistiumReginuminAmbivaretos,TitumSextiuminBituriges,GaiumCaniniumRebiluminRutenoscumsingulislegionibusmittit", + "en": "He sends Caius Antistius Reginus into the [country of the] Ambivareti, Titus Sextius into the territories of the Bituriges, and Caius Caninius Rebilus into those of the Ruteni, with one legion each." + }, + { + "id": 7786, + "la": "QuintumTulliumCiceronemetPubliumSulpiciumCabillonietMatisconeinAeduisadArarimreifrumentariaecausacollocat.IpseBibractehiemareconstituit.HislitteriscognitisRomaedierumvigintisupplicatioredditur", + "en": "He stations Quintus Tullius Cicero, and Publius Sulpicius among the Aedui atCabilloand Matisco on the Saone , to procure supplies of corn. He himself determines to winter at Bibracte . A supplication of twenty-days is decreed by the senate at Rome , on learning these successes from Caesar's dispatches." + }, + { + "id": 7787, + "la": "Coactusassiduistuisvocibus,Balbe,cumcotidianamearecusationondifficultatisexcusationem,sedinertiaevidereturdeprecationemhabere,remdifficillimamsuscepi", + "en": "Balbus, I have engaged in a most difficult task, as my daily refusals appear to plead not my inability, but indolence, as an excuse." + }, + { + "id": 7788, + "la": "CaesarisnostricommentariosrerumgestarumGalliae,noncomparantibussuperioribusatqueinsequentibuseiusscriptis,contexuinovissimumqueimperfectumabrebusgestisAlexandriaeconfeciusqueadexitumnonquidemcivilisdissensionis,cuiusfinemnullumvidemus,sedvitaeCaesaris", + "en": "I have compiled a continuation of the Commentaries of our Caesar's Wars in Gaul, not indeed to be compared to his writings, which either precede or follow them; and recently, I have completed what he left imperfect after the transactions in Alexandria , to the end, not indeed of the civil broils, to which we see no issue, but of Caesar's life." + }, + { + "id": 7789, + "la": "Quosutinamquilegentscirepossintquaminvitussusceperimscribendos,quafaciliuscareamstultitiaeatquearrogantiaecrimine,quimemediisinterposuerimCaesarisscriptis", + "en": "I wish that those who may read them could know how unwillingly I undertook to write them, as then I might the more readily escape the imputation of folly and arrogance, in presuming to intrude among Caesar's writings." + }, + { + "id": 7790, + "la": "Constateniminteromnesnihiltamoperoseabaliisesseperfectum,quodnonhorumelegantiacommentariorumsuperetur:", + "en": "For it is agreed on all hands, that no composition was ever executed with so great care, that it is not exceeded in elegance by these Commentaries," + }, + { + "id": 7791, + "la": "quisuntediti,nescientiatantarumrerumscriptoribusdeesset,adeoqueprobanturomniumiudicioutpraerepta,nonpraebita,facultasscriptoribusvideatur", + "en": "which were published for the use of historians, that they might not want memoirs of such achievements; and they stand so high in the esteem of all men, that historians seem rather deprived of, than furnished with material." + }, + { + "id": 7792, + "la": "Cuiustamenreimaiornostraquamreliquorumestadmiratio:ceterienim,quambeneatqueemendate,nosetiam,quamfacileatqueceleritereosperfeceritscimus", + "en": "At which we have more reason to be surprised than other men; for they can only appreciate the elegance and correctness with which he finished them, while we know with what ease and expedition" + }, + { + "id": 7793, + "la": "EratauteminCaesarecumfacultasatqueelegantiasummascribendi,tumverissimascientiasuorumconsiliorumexplicandorum", + "en": "Caesar possessed not only an uncommon flow of language and elegance of style, but also a thorough knowledge of the method of conveying his ideas." + }, + { + "id": 7794, + "la": "Mihineilludquidemaccidit,utAlexandrinoatqueAfricanobellointeressem;quaebellaquamquamexpartenobisCaesarissermonesuntnota,tamenaliteraudimusea,quaererumnovitateautadmirationenoscapiunt,aliter,quaeprotestimoniosumusdicturi", + "en": "But I had not even the good fortune to share in the Alexandrian or African war; and though these were partly communicated to me by Caesar himself, in conversation, yet we listen with a different degree of attention to those things which strike us with admiration by their novelty, and those which we design to attest to posterity." + }, + { + "id": 7795, + "la": "Sedegonimirum,dumomnesexcusationiscausascolligonecumCaesareconferar,hocipsumcrimenarrogantiaesubeo,quodmeiudiciocuiusquamexistimempossecumCaesarecomparari.Vale", + "en": "But, in truth, while I urge every apology, that I may not be compared to Caesar, I incur the charge of vanity, by thinking it possible that I can in the judgment of any one be put in competition with him. Farewell." + }, + { + "id": 7796, + "la": "OmniGalliadevictaCaesarcumasuperioreaestatenullumbellanditempusintermisissetmilitesquehibernorumquietereficereatantislaboribusvellet,complureseodemtemporecivitatesrenovarebelliconsilianuntiabanturconiurationesquefacere", + "en": "Gaul being entirely reduced, when Caesar having waged war incessantly during the former summer, wished to recruit his soldiers after so much fatigue, by repose in winter quarters, news was brought him that several states were simultaneously renewing their hostile intention, and forming combinations." + }, + { + "id": 7797, + "la": "Cuiusreiverisimiliscausaadferebatur,quodGallisomnibuscognitumessetnequeullamultitudineinunumlocumcoactaresistiposseRomanis,nec,sidiversabellacomplureseodemtemporeintulissentcivitates,satisauxiliautspatiautcopiarumhabiturumexercitumpopuliRomaniadomniapersequenda;nonesseautemalicuicivitatisortemincommodirecusandam,sitalimorareliquaepossentsevindicareinlibertatem", + "en": "For which a probable reason was assigned; namely, that the Gauls were convinced that they were not able to resist the Romans, with any force they could collect in one place; and hoped that if several states made war in different places at the same time, the Roman army would neither have aid, nor time, nor forces, to prosecute them all: nor ought any single state to decline any inconveniences that might befall them, provided that by such delay, the rest should be enabled to assert their liberty." + }, + { + "id": 7798, + "la": "QuaeneopinioGallorumconfirmaretur,CaesarMarcumAntoniumquaestoremsuispraefecithibernis;ipseequitumpraesidiopridieKal.IanuariasaboppidoBibracteproficiscituradlegionemXIII,quamnonlongeafinibusAeduorumcollocaveratinfinibusBiturigum,eiqueadiungitlegionemXI,quaeproximafuerat", + "en": "That this notion might not be confirmed among the Gauls, Caesar left Marcus Antonius, his questor, in charge of his quarters, and set out himself with a guard of horse, the day before the kalends of January, from the town Bibracte , to the thirteenth legion, which he had stationed in the country of the Bituriges, not far from the territories of the Aedui, and joined to it the eleventh legion which was next it." + }, + { + "id": 7799, + "la": "BiniscohortibusadimpedimentatuendarelictisreliquumexercitumincopiosissimosagrosBituriguminducit,qui,cumlatosfinesetcompluraoppidahaberent,uniuslegionishibernisnonpotuerintcontineriquinbellumpararentconiurationesquefacerent", + "en": "Leaving two cohorts to guard the baggage, he leads the rest of his army into the most plentiful part of the country of the Bituriges; who, possessing an extensive territory and several towns, were not to be deterred, by a single legion quartered among them, from making warlike preparation, and forming combinations." + }, + { + "id": 7800, + "la": "RepentinoadventuCaesarisaccidit,quodimparatisdisiectisqueacciderefuitnecesse,utsinetimoreulloruracolentespriusabequitatuopprimerenturquamconfugereinoppidapossent", + "en": "By Caesar's sudden arrival, it happened, as it necessarily must, to an unprovided and dispersed people, that they were surprised by our horse, while cultivating the fields without any apprehensions, before they had time to fly to their towns." + }, + { + "id": 7801, + "la": "Namqueetiamilludvulgareincursionishostiumsignum,quodincendiisaedificiorumintellegiconsuevit,Caesariseratinterdictosublatum,neautcopiapabulifrumentique,silongiusprogredivellet,deficeretur,authostesincendiisterrerentur", + "en": "For the usual sign of an enemy's invasion, which is generally intimated by the burning of their towns, was forbidden by Caesar's orders; lest if he advanced far, forage and corn should become scarce, or the enemy be warned by the fires to make their escape." + }, + { + "id": 7802, + "la": "MultishominummilibuscaptisperterritiBituriges;quiprimumadventumpotueranteffugereRomanorum,infinitimascivitatesautprivatishospitiisconfisiautsocietateconsiliorumconfugerant", + "en": "Many thousands being taken, as many of the Bituriges as were able to escape the first coming of the Romans, fled to the neighboring states, relying either on private friendship, or public alliance." + }, + { + "id": 7803, + "la": "Frustra:namCaesarmagnisitineribusomnibuslocisoccurritnecdatullicivitatispatiumdealienapotiusquamdedomesticasalutecogitandi;quaceleritateetfidelesamicosretinebatetdubitantesterroreadcondicionespacisadducebat", + "en": "In vain; for Caesar, by hasty marches, anticipated them in every place, nor did he allow any state leisure to consider the safety of others, in preference to their own. By this activity, he both retained his friends in their loyalty, and by fear, obliged the wavering to accept offers of peace." + }, + { + "id": 7804, + "la": "TalicondicionepropositaBituriges,cumsibividerentclementiaCaesarisreditumpatereineiusamicitiamfinitimasquecivitatessineullapoenadedisseobsidesatqueinfidemreceptasesse,idemfecerunt", + "en": "Such offers being made to the Bituriges, when they perceived that through Caesar's clemency, an avenue was open to his friendship, and that the neighboring states had given hostages, without incurring any punishment, and had been received under his protection, they did the same." + }, + { + "id": 7805, + "la": "Caesarmilitibusprotantolaboreacpatientia,quibrumalibusdiebusitineribusdifficillimis,frigoribusintolerandisstudiosissimepermanserantinlabore,ducenossestertios,centurionibustotmilianummumpraedaenominecondonandapolliceturlegionibusqueinhibernaremissisipseserecipitdieXXXXBibracte", + "en": "Caesar promises his soldiers, as a reward for their labor and patience, in cheerfully submitting to hardships from the severity of the winter, the difficulty of the roads, and the intolerable cold, two hundred sestertii each, and to every centurian two thousand, to be given instead of plunder: and sending his legions back to quarters, he himself returned on the fortieth day to Bibracte ." + }, + { + "id": 7806, + "la": "Ibicumiusdiceret,BiturigesadeumlegatosmittuntauxiliumpetitumcontraCarnutes,quosintulissebellumsibiquerebantur", + "en": "While he was dispensing justice there, the Bituriges send embassadors to him, to entreat his aid against the Carnutes, who they complained had made war against them." + }, + { + "id": 7807, + "la": "Quarecognita,cumdiesnonampliusdecemetoctoinhibernisessetmoratus,legionesXIIIIetVIexhibernisabArareeducit,quasibicollocatasexplicandaereifrumentariaecausasuperiorecommentariodemonstratumest:itacumduabuslegionibusadpersequendosCarnutesproficiscitur", + "en": "Upon this intelligence, though he had not remained more than eighteen days in winter quarters, he draws the fourteenth and sixth legion out of quarters on the Saone , where he had posted them as mentioned in a former Commentary, to procure supplies of corn. With these two legions he marches in pursuit of the Carnutes." + }, + { + "id": 7808, + "la": "Cumfamaexercitusadhostesessetperlata,calamitateceterorumductiCarnutesdesertisvicisoppidisque,quaetolerandaehiemiscausaconstitutisrepenteexiguisadnecessitatemaedificiisincolebant(nuperenimdevicticompluraoppidadimiserant),dispersiprofugiunt", + "en": "When the news of the approach of our army reached the enemy, the Carnutes, terrified by the suffering of other states, deserted their villages and towns (which were small buildings, raised in a hurry, to meet the immediate necessity, in which they lived to shelter themselves against the winter, for, being lately conquered, they had lost several towns), and dispersed and fled." + }, + { + "id": 7809, + "la": "Caesarerumpenteseomaximetemporeacerrimastempestatescumsubiremilitesnollet,inoppidoCarnutumCenabocastraponitatqueintectapartimGallorum,partimquaeconiectisceleriterstramentistentoriorumintegendorumgratiaerantinaedificata,militescompegit", + "en": "Caesar, unwilling to expose his soldiers to the violent storms that break out, especially at that season, took up his quarters at Genabum , a town of the Carnutes; and lodged his men in houses, partly belonging to the Gauls, and partly built to shelter the tents, and hastily covered with thatch." + }, + { + "id": 7810, + "la": "Equitestamenetauxiliariospeditesinomnespartesmittitquascumquepetissedicebanturhostes;necfrustra:", + "en": "But the horse and auxiliaries he sends to all parts to which he was told the enemy had marched; and not without effect," + }, + { + "id": 7811, + "la": "namplerumquemagnapraedapotitinostrirevertuntur.OppressiCarnuteshiemisdifficultate,terrorepericuli,cumtectisexpulsinullolocodiutiusconsistereauderentnecsilvarumpraesidiotempestatibusdurissimistegipossent,dispersimagnaparteamissasuorumdissipanturinfinitimascivitates", + "en": "as our men generally returned loaded with booty. The Carnutes, overpowered by the severity of the winter, and the fear of danger, and not daring to continue long in any place, as they were driven from their houses, and not finding sufficient protection in the woods, from the violence of the storms, after losing a considerable number of their men, disperse, and take refuge among the neighboring states." + }, + { + "id": 7812, + "la": "Caesartemporeannidifficillimo,cumsatishaberetconvenientesmanusdissipare,nequodinitiumbellinasceretur,quantumqueinrationeesset,exploratumhaberetsubtempusaestivorumnullumsummumbellumposseconflari,GaiumTreboniumcumduabuslegionibus,quassecumhabebat,inhibernisCenabicollocavit;", + "en": "Caesar, being contented, at so severe a season, to disperse the gathering foes, and prevent any new war from breaking out, and being convinced, as far as reason could foresee, that no war of consequence could be set on foot in the summer campaign, stationed Caius Trebonius, with the two legions which he had with him, in quarters at Genabum :" + }, + { + "id": 7813, + "la": "ipse,cumcrebrislegationibusRemorumcertiorfieretBellovacos,quibelligloriaGallosomnesBelgasquepraestabant,finitimasquehiscivitatesduceCorreoBellovacoetCommioAtrebateexercituscomparareatqueinunumlocumcogere,utomnimultitudineinfinesSuessionum,quiRemiserantattributi,facerentimpressionem,pertinereautemnontantumaddignitatemsedetiamadsalutemsuamiudicaretnullamcalamitatemsociosoptimederepublicameritosaccipere,", + "en": "and being informed by frequent embassies from the Remi, that the Bellovaci (who exceed all the Gauls and Belgae in military prowess), and the neighboring states, headed by Correus, one of the Bellovaci, and Comius, the Atrebatian, were raising an army, and assembling at a general rendezvous, designing with their united forces to invade the territories of the Suessiones, who were put under the patronage of the Remi: and moreover, considering that not only his honor, but his interest was concerned, that such of his allies, as deserved well of the republic, should suffer no calamity;" + }, + { + "id": 7814, + "la": "legionemexhibernisevocatrursusundecimam;litterasautemadGaiumFabiummittit,utinfinesSuessionumlegionesduasquashabebatadduceret,alteramqueexduabusabLabienoarcessit", + "en": "he again draws the eleventh legion out of quarters, and writes besides to Caius Fabius, to march with his two legions to the country of the Suessiones; and he sends to Trebonius for one of his two legions." + }, + { + "id": 7815, + "la": "Ita,quantumhibernorumopportunitasbelliqueratiopostulabat,perpetuosuolaboreinvicemlegionibusexpeditionumonusiniungebat", + "en": "Thus, as far as the convenience of the quarters, and the management of the war admitted, he laid the burden of the expedition on the legions by turns, without any intermission to his own toils." + }, + { + "id": 7816, + "la": "HiscopiiscoactisadBellovacosproficisciturcastrisqueineorumfinibuspositisequitumturmasdimittitinomnespartesadaliquosexcipiendosexquibushostiumconsiliacognosceret", + "en": "As soon as his troops were collected, he marched against the Bellovaci: and pitching his camp in their territories, detached troops of horse all round the country, to take prisoners, from whom he might learn the enemy's plan." + }, + { + "id": 7817, + "la": "Equitesofficiofunctirenuntiantpaucosinaedificiisesseinventos,atquehos,nonquiagrorumcolendorumcausaremansissent(namqueesseundiquediligenterdemigratum),sedquispeculandicausaessentremissi", + "en": "The horse, having executed his orders bring him back word, that but few were found in the houses: and that even these had not stayed at home to cultivate their lands (for the emigration was general from all parts) but had been sent back to watch our motions." + }, + { + "id": 7818, + "la": "AquibuscumquaereretCaesarquolocomultitudoessetBellovacorumquodveessetconsiliumeorum,inveniebatBellovacosomnesquiarmaferrepossentinunumlocumconvenisse,", + "en": "Upon Caesar's inquiring from them, where the main body of the Bellovaci were posted, and what was their design: they made answer, \"that all the Bellovaci, fit for carrying arms, had assembled in one place," + }, + { + "id": 7819, + "la": "itemqueAmbianos,Aulercos,Caletos,Veliocasses,Atrebatas;locumcastrisexcelsuminsilvacircumdatapaludedelegisse,impedimentaomniainulterioressilvascontulisse", + "en": "and along with them the Ambiani, Aulerci, Caletes, Velocasses, and Atrebates, and that they had chosen for their camp, an elevated position, surrounded by a dangerous morass: that they had conveyed all their baggage into the most remote woods:" + }, + { + "id": 7820, + "la": "Compluresesseprincipesbelliauctores,sedmultitudinemmaximeCorreoobtemperare,quodeisummoesseodionomenpopuliRomaniintellexissent", + "en": "that several noblemen were united in the management of the war; but that the people were most inclined to be governed by Correus, because they knew that he had the strongest aversion to the name of the Roman people:" + }, + { + "id": 7821, + "la": "PaucisantediebusexhiscastrisAtrebatemCommiumdiscessisseadauxiliaGermanorumadducenda;quorumetvicinitaspropinquaetmultitudoessetinfinita", + "en": "that a few days before Comius had left the camp to engage the Germans to their aid whose nation bordered on theirs, and whose numbers were countless:" + }, + { + "id": 7822, + "la": "ConstituisseautemBellovacosomniumprincipumconsensu,summaplebiscupiditate,si,utdiceretur,Caesarcumtribuslegionibusveniret,offerreseaddimicandum,nemiserioreacdurioreposteacondicionecumtotoexercitudecertarecogerentur;", + "en": "that the Bellovaci had come to a resolution, with the consent of all the generals and the earnest desire of the people, if Caesar should come with only three legions, as was reported, to give him battle, that they might not be obliged to encounter his whole army on a future occasion, when they should be in a more wretched and distressed condition;" + }, + { + "id": 7823, + "la": "simaiorescopiasadduceret,ineolocopermanerequemdelegissent,pabulationeautem,quaepropterannitempuscumexiguatumdisiectaesset,etfrumentationeetreliquocommeatuexinsidiisprohibereRomanos", + "en": "but if he brought a stronger force, they intended to remain in the position they had chosen, and by ambuscade to prevent the Romans from getting forage (which at that season was both scarce and much scattered), corn, and other necessaries." + }, + { + "id": 7824, + "la": "QuaeCaesarconsentientibuspluribuscumcognossetatqueeaquaeproponerenturconsiliaplenaprudentiaelongequeatemeritatebarbarorumremotaesseiudicaret,omnibusrebusinserviendumstatuit,quoceleriushostiscontemptasuapaucitateprodiretinaciem", + "en": "When Caesar was convinced of the truth of this account from the concurring testimony of several persons, and perceived that the plans which were proposed were full of prudence, and very unlike the rash resolves of a barbarous people, he considered it incumbent on him to use every exertion, in order that the enemy might despise his small force and come to an action." + }, + { + "id": 7825, + "la": "SingularisenimvirtutisveterrimaslegionesVII,VIII,VIIIIhabebat,summaespeidelectaequeiuventutisXI,quaeoctavoiamstipendiotamenincollationereliquarumnondumeandemvetustatisacvirtutisceperatopinionem", + "en": "For he had three veteran legions of distinguished valor, the seventh, eighth and ninth. The eleventh consisted of chosen youth of great hopes, who had served eight campaigns, but who, compared with the others, had not yet acquired any great reputation for experience and valor." + }, + { + "id": 7826, + "la": "Itaqueconsilioadvocato,rebuseisquaeadseessentdelataeomnibusexpositisanimosmultitudinisconfirmat", + "en": "Calling therefore a council, and laying before it the intelligence which he had received, he encouraged his soldiers." + }, + { + "id": 7827, + "la": "Sifortehostestriumlegionumnumeropossetelicereaddimicandum,agminisordinemitaconstituit,utlegioseptima,octava,nonaanteomniairentimpedimenta,deindeomniumimpedimentorumagmen,quodtameneratmediocre,utinexpeditionibusesseconsuevit,cogeretundecima,nemaiorismultitudinisspeciesacciderehostibuspossetquamipsidepoposcissent", + "en": "In order if possible to entice the enemy to an engagement by the appearance of only three legions, he ranged his army in the following manner, that the seventh, eighth, and ninth legions should march before all the baggage; that then the eleventh should bring up the rear of the whole train of baggage (which however was but small, as is usual on such expeditions), so that the enemy could not get a sight of a greater number than they themselves were willing to encounter." + }, + { + "id": 7828, + "la": "Hacrationepaenequadratoagmineinstructoinconspectumhostiumceleriusopinioneeorumexercitumadducit", + "en": "By this disposition he formed his army almost into a square, and brought them within sight of the enemy sooner than was anticipated." + }, + { + "id": 7829, + "la": "CumrepenteinstructasvelutinaciecertogradulegionesaccedereGallividerent,quorumerantadCaesaremplenafiduciaeconsiliaperlata,sivecertaminispericulosivesubitoadventusiveexspectationenostriconsilicopiasinstruuntprocastrisneclocosuperioredecedunt", + "en": "When the Gauls, whose bold resolutions had been reported to Caesar, saw the legions advance with a regular motion, drawn up in battle array; either from the danger of an engagement, or our sudden approach, or with the design of watching our movements, they drew up their forces before the camp, and did not quit the rising ground." + }, + { + "id": 7830, + "la": "Caesar,etsidimicareoptaverat,tamenadmiratustantammultitudinemhostiumvalleintermissamagisinaltitudinemdepressaquamlatepatentecastracastrishostiumconfert", + "en": "Though Caesar wished to bring them to battle, yet being surprised to see so vast a host of the enemy, he encamped opposite to them, with a valley between them, deep rather than extensive." + }, + { + "id": 7831, + "la": "HaecimperatvallopedumXIImuniri,loriculampro[hac]rationeeiusaltitudinisinaedificari;fossamduplicempedumdenumquinumlateribusdeprimidirectis;turresexcitaricrebrasinaltitudinemtriumtabulatorum,pontibustraiectisconstratisqueconiungi,quorumfrontesviminealoriculamunirentur;utabhostibusduplicifossa,duplicipropugnatorumordinedefenderentur,", + "en": "He ordered his camp to be fortified with a rampart twelve feet high, with breastworks built on it proportioned to its height and two trenches, each fifteen feet broad, with perpendicular sides to be sunk: likewise several turrets, three stories high, to be raised, with a communication to each other by galleries laid across and covered over; which should be guarded in front by small parapets of osiers; that the enemy might be repulsed by two rows of soldiers" + }, + { + "id": 7832, + "la": "quorumalterexpontibus,quotutioraltitudineesset,hocaudaciuslongiusquepermitterettela,alter,quipropiorhosteminipsovallocollocatusesset,ponteabincidentibustelistegeretur.Portisforesaltioresqueturresimposuit", + "en": "The one of whom, being more secure from danger by their height might throw their darts with more daring and to a greater distance; the other which was nearer the enemy, being stationed on the rampart, would be protected by their galleries from darts falling on their heads. At the entrance he erected gates and turrets of a considerable height." + }, + { + "id": 7833, + "la": "Huiusmunitionisduplexeratconsilium.Namqueetoperummagnitudinemettimoremsuumsperabatfiduciambarbarisallaturum,etcumpabulatumfrumentatumquelongiusessetproficiscendum,parviscopiiscastramunitioneipsavidebatpossedefendi", + "en": "Caesar had a double design in this fortification; for he both hoped that the strength of his works, and his [apparent] fears would raise confidence in the barbarians; and when there should be occasion to make a distant excursion to get forage or corn, he saw that his camp would be secured by the works with a very small force." + }, + { + "id": 7834, + "la": "Interimcrebropaucisutrimqueprocurrentibusinterbinacastrapaludeinteriectacontendebatur;quamtamenpaludemnonnumquamautnostraauxiliaGallorumGermanorumquetransibantacriusquehostesinsequebantur,autvicissimhosteseademtransgressinostroslongiussummovebant", + "en": "In the mean time there were frequent skirmishes across the marsh, a few on both sides sallying out between the two camps. Sometimes, however, our Gallic or German auxiliaries crossed the marsh, and furiously pursued the enemy; or on the other hand the enemy passed it and beat back our men." + }, + { + "id": 7835, + "la": "Accidebatautemcotidianispabulationibus(idquodaccidereeratnecesse,cumrarisdisiectisqueexaedificiispabulumconquireretur),utimpeditislocisdispersipabulatorescircumvenirentur;", + "en": "Moreover there happened in the course of our daily foraging, what must of necessity happen, when corn is to be collected by a few scattered men out of private houses, that our foragers dispersing in an intricate country were surrounded by the enemy;" + }, + { + "id": 7836, + "la": "quaeres,etsimediocredetrimentumiumentorumacservorumnostrisadferebat,tamenstultascogitationesincitabatbarbarorum,atqueeomagis,quodCommius,quemprofectumadauxiliaGermanorumarcessendadocui,cumequitibusvenerat;qui,tametsinumerononampliuserantquingenti,tamenGermanorumadventubarbarinitebantur", + "en": "by which, though we suffered but an inconsiderable loss of cattle and servants, yet it raised foolish hopes in the barbarians; but more especially, because Comius, who I said had gone to get aid from the Germans, returned with some cavalry, and though the Germans were only 500, yet the barbarians were elated by their arrival." + }, + { + "id": 7837, + "la": "Caesar,cumanimadverterethostemcompluresdiescastrispaludeetlocinaturamunitissetenerenequeoppugnaricastraeorumsinedimicationeperniciosaneclocummunitionibusclaudinisiamaioreexercituposse,litterasadTreboniummittit,utquamcelerrimepossetlegionemXIII,quaecumT.SextiolegatoinBiturigibushiemabat,arcesseretatqueitacumtribuslegionibusmagnisitineribusadseveniret;", + "en": "Caesar, observing that the enemy kept for several days within their camp, which was well secured by a morass and its natural situation, and that it could not be assaulted without a dangerous engagement, nor the place inclosed with lines without an addition to his army, wrote to Trebonius to send with all dispatch for the thirteenth legion which was in winter quarters among the Bituriges under Titus Sextius, one of his lieutenants; and then to come to him by forced marches with the three legions." + }, + { + "id": 7838, + "la": "ipseequitesinvicemRemorumacLingonumreliquarumquecivitatum,quorummagnumnumerumevocaverat,praesidiopabulationibusmittit,quisubitashostiumincursionessustinerent", + "en": "He himself sent the cavalry of the Remi, and Lingones , and other states, from whom he had required a vast number, to guard his foraging parties, and to support them in case of any sudden attack of the enemy" + }, + { + "id": 7839, + "la": "Quodcumcotidiefieretaciamconsuetudinediligentiaminueretur,quodplerumqueacciditdiuturnitate,Bellovacidelectamanupeditumcognitisstationibuscotidianisequitumnostrorum", + "en": "As this continued for several days, and their vigilance was relaxed by custom (an effect which is generally produced by time), the Bellovaci, having made themselves acquainted with the daily stations of our horse, lie in ambush with a select body of foot" + }, + { + "id": 7840, + "la": "silvestribuslocisinsidiasdisponunteodemqueequitesposterodiemittunt,quiprimumelicerentnostros,deindecircumventosaggrederentur", + "en": "in a place covered with woods; to it they sent their horse the next day, who were first to decoy our men into the ambuscade, and then when they were surrounded, to attack them." + }, + { + "id": 7841, + "la": "CuiusmalisorsinciditRemis,quibusillediesfungendimunerisobvenerat.Namquehi,cumrepentehostiumequitesanimadvertissentacnumerosuperiorespaucitatemcontempsissent,cupidiusinsecutipeditibusundiquesuntcircumdati", + "en": "It was the lot of the Remi to fall into this snare, to whom that day had been allotted to perform this duty; for, having suddenly got sight of the enemy's cavalry, and despising their weakness, in consequence of their superior numbers, they pursued them too eagerly, and were surrounded on every side by the foot." + }, + { + "id": 7842, + "la": "QuofactoperturbaticeleriusquamconsuetudofertequestrisproelisereceperuntamissoVertisco,principecivitatis,praefectoequitum;", + "en": "Being, by this means thrown into disorder they returned with more precipitation than is usual in cavalry actions, with the loss of Vertiscus the governor of their state, and the general of their horse," + }, + { + "id": 7843, + "la": "quicumvixequopropteraetatempossetuti,tamenconsuetudineGallorumnequeaetatisexcusationeinsuscipiendapraefecturaususeratnequedimicarisinesevoluerat", + "en": "who, though scarcely able to sit on horseback through years, neither, in accordance with the custom of the Gauls, pleaded his age in excuse for not accepting the command, nor would he suffer them to fight without him." + }, + { + "id": 7844, + "la": "Inflanturatqueincitanturhostiumanimisecundoproelio,principeetpraefectoRemoruminterfecto,", + "en": "The spirits of the barbarians were puffed up, and inflated at the success of this battle, in killing the prince, and general of the Remi" + }, + { + "id": 7845, + "la": "nostriquedetrimentoadmonenturdiligentiusexploratislocisstationesdisponereacmoderatiuscedenteminsequihostem", + "en": "and our men were taught by this loss, to examine the country, and post their guards with more caution, and to be more moderate in pursuing a retreating enemy." + }, + { + "id": 7846, + "la": "Nonintermittuntinterimcotidianaproeliainconspectuutrorumquecastrorum,quaeadvadatransitusquefiebantpaludis", + "en": "In the mean time daily skirmishes take place continually in view of both camps; these were fought at the ford and pass of the morass." + }, + { + "id": 7847, + "la": "QuacontentioneGermani,quosproptereaCaesartraduxeratRhenumutequitibusinterpositiproeliarentur,cumconstantiusuniversipaludemtransissentpaucisqueresistentibusinterfectispertinaciusreliquammultitudinemessentinsecuti,perterritinonsolumeiquiautcomminusopprimebanturauteminusvulnerabantur,sedetiamquilongiussubsidiariconsuerant,turpiterrefugerunt,", + "en": "In one of these contests the Germans, whom Caesar had brought over the Rhine , to fight, intermixed with the horse, having resolutely crossed the marsh, and slain the few who made resistance, and boldly pursued the rest, so terrified them, that not only those who were attacked hand to hand, or wounded at a distance, but even those who were stationed at a greater distance to support them, fled disgracefully;" + }, + { + "id": 7848, + "la": "necpriusfinemfugaefeceruntsaepeamississuperioribuslocisquamseautincastrasuorumreciperent,autnonnullipudorecoactilongiusprofugerent", + "en": "and being often beaten from the rising grounds, did not stop till they had retired into their camp, or some, impelled by fear, had fled further." + }, + { + "id": 7849, + "la": "Quorumpericulosicomnescopiaesuntperturbataeutvixiudicariposset,utrumsecundisminimisquerebusinsolentioresanadversomediocricasutimidioresessent", + "en": "Their danger threw their whole army into such confusion, that it was difficult to judge whether they were more insolent after a slight advantage or more dejected by a trifling calamity." + }, + { + "id": 7850, + "la": "Compluribusdiebusisdemincastrisconsumptis,cumpropiusaccessisselegionesetGaiumTreboniumlegatumcognossent,ducesBellovacorumveritisimilemobsessionemAlesiaenoctudimittunteosquosautaetateautviribusinferioresautinermeshabebant,unaquereliquaimpedimenta", + "en": "After spending several days in the same camp, the guards of the Bellovaci, learning that Caius Trebonius was advancing nearer with his legions, and fearing a siege like that of Alesia , send off by night all who were disabled by age or infirmity, or unarmed, and along with them their whole baggage" + }, + { + "id": 7851, + "la": "Quorumperturbatumetconfusumdumexplicantagmen(magnaenimmultitudocarrorumetiamexpeditossequiGallosconsuevit),oppressilucecopiasarmatorumprosuisinstruuntcastris,nepriusRomanipersequiseinciperentquamlongiusagmenimpedimentorumsuorumprocessisset", + "en": "While they are preparing their disorderly and confused troop for march (for the Gauls are always attended by a vast multitude of wagons, even when they have very light baggage), being overtaken by day-light, they drew their forces out before their camp, to prevent the Romans attempting a pursuit before the line of their baggage had advanced to a considerable distance." + }, + { + "id": 7852, + "la": "AtCaesarnequeresistentesadgrediendostantocollisascensuiudicabat,nequenonusqueeolegionesadmovendasutdiscedereexeolocosinepericulobarbarimilitibusinstantibusnonpossent", + "en": "But Caesar did not think it prudent to attack them when standing on their defense, with such a steep hill in their favor, nor keep his legions at such a distance that they could quit their post without danger:" + }, + { + "id": 7853, + "la": "Ita,cumpaludeimpeditaacastriscastradividivideret,quaetranseundidifficultasceleritateminsequenditardareposset,atqueidiugumquodtranspaludempaeneadhostiumcastrapertineretmediocrivalleacastriseorumintercisumanimumadverteret,pontibuspaludeconstratalegionestraducitceleriterqueinsummamplanitiemiugipervenit,quaedeclivifastigioduobusablateribusmuniebatur", + "en": "but, perceiving that his camp was divided from the enemy's by a deep morass, so difficult to cross that he could not pursue with expedition, and that the hill beyond the morass, which extended almost to the enemy's camp, was separated from it only by a small valley, he laid a bridge over the morass and led his army across, and soon reached the plain on the top of the hill, which was fortified on either side by a steep ascent." + }, + { + "id": 7854, + "la": "Ibilegionibusinstructisadultimumiugumpervenitaciemqueeolococonstituitundetormentomissatelainhostiumcuneosconicipossent", + "en": "Having there drawn up his army in order of battle, he marched to the furthest hill, from which he could, with his engines, shower darts upon the thickest of the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 7855, + "la": "Barbariconfisilocinatura,cumdimicarenonrecusarent,siforteRomanisubirecollemconarentur,paulatimcopiasdistributasdimitterenonpossent,nedispersiperturbarentur,inaciepermanserunt", + "en": "The Gauls, confiding in the natural strength of their position, though they would not decline an engagement if the Romans attempted to ascend the hill, yet dared not divide their forces into small parties, lest they should be thrown into disorder by being dispersed, and therefore remained in order of battle." + }, + { + "id": 7856, + "la": "QuorumpertinaciacognitaCaesarXXcohortibusinstructiscastrisqueeolocometatismuniriiubetcastra", + "en": "Caesar, perceiving that they persisted in their resolution, kept twenty cohorts in battle array, and, measuring out ground there for a camp, ordered it to be fortified." + }, + { + "id": 7857, + "la": "Absolutisoperibusprovallolegionesinstructascollocat,equitesfrenatisequisinstationedisponit", + "en": "Having completed his works, he drew up his legions before the rampart and stationed the cavalry in certain positions, with their horses bridled." + }, + { + "id": 7858, + "la": "Bellovaci,cumRomanosadinsequendumparatosviderentnequepernoctareautdiutiuspermaneresinepericuloeodemlocopossent,taleconsiliumsuirecipiendiceperunt", + "en": "When the Bellovaci saw the Romans prepared to pursue them, and that they could not wait the whole night, or continue longer in the same place without provisions, they formed the following plan to secure a retreat." + }, + { + "id": 7859, + "la": "Fasces,ubiconsederant(namqueinaciesedereGallosconsuessesuperioribuscommentariisCaesarisdeclaratumest),permanusstramentorumacvirgultorum,quorumsummaeratincastriscopia,intersetraditosanteaciemcollocaruntextremoquetemporedieisignopronuntiatounotemporeincenderunt", + "en": "They handed to one another the bundles of straw and sticks on which they sat (for it is the custom of the Gauls to sit when drawn up in order of battle, as has been asserted in former commentaries), of which they had great plenty in their camp, and piled them in the front of their line; and at the close of the day, on a certain signal, set them all on fire at one and the same time." + }, + { + "id": 7860, + "la": "ItacontinensflammacopiasomnesrepenteaconspectutexitRomanorum.Quodubiaccidit,barbarivehementissimocursurefugerunt", + "en": "The continued blaze soon screened all their forces from the sight of the Romans, which no sooner happened than the barbarians fled with the greatest precipitation." + }, + { + "id": 7861, + "la": "Caesar,etsidiscessumhostiumanimadverterenonpoteratincendiisoppositis,tamenidconsiliumcumfugaecausainitumsuspicaretur,legionespromovet,turmasmittitadinsequendum;ipseveritusinsidias,neforteineodemlocosubsisterehostisatqueelicerenostrosinlocumconareturiniquum,tardiusprocedit", + "en": "Though Caesar could not perceive the retreat of the enemy for the intervention of the fire, yet, suspecting that they had adopted that method to favor their escape, he made his legions advance, and sent a party of horse to pursue them; but, apprehensive of an ambuscade, and that the enemy might remain in the same place and endeavor to draw our men into a disadvantageous situation, he advances himself but slowly" + }, + { + "id": 7862, + "la": "Equitescumintrarefumumetflammamdensissimamtimerentac,siquicupidiusintraverant,vixsuorumipsipriorespartesanimadverterentequorum,insidiasveritiliberamfacultatemsuirecipiendiBellovacisdederunt", + "en": "The horse, being afraid to venture into the smoke and dense line of flame, and those who were bold enough to attempt it being scarcely able to see their horse's heads, gave the enemy free liberty to retreat, through fear of an ambuscade." + }, + { + "id": 7863, + "la": "Itafugatimorissimulcalliditatisqueplenasineullodetrimentomilianonampliusdecemprogressihosteslocomunitissimocastraposuerunt", + "en": "Thus by a flight, full at once of cowardice and address, they advanced without any loss about ten miles, and encamped in a very strong position." + }, + { + "id": 7864, + "la": "Indecumsaepeininsidiisequitespeditesquedisponerent,magnadetrimentaRomanisinpabulationibusinferebant", + "en": "From which, laying numerous ambuscades, both of horse and foot, they did considerable damage to the Roman foragers." + }, + { + "id": 7865, + "la": "Quodcumcrebriusaccideret,excaptivoquodamcomperitCaesarCorreum,Bellovacorumducem,fortissimorummiliasexpeditumdelegisseequitesqueexomninumeromille,quosininsidiiseolococollocaret,queminlocumproptercopiamfrumentiacpabuliRomanosmissurossuspicaretur", + "en": "After this had happened several times, Caesar discovered from a certain prisoner, that Correus, the general of the Bellovaci, had selected six thousand of his bravest foot and a thousand horse, with which he designed to lie in ambush in a place to which he suspected the Romans would send to look for forage, on account of the abundance of corn and grass." + }, + { + "id": 7866, + "la": "Quocognitoconsiliolegionespluresquamsolebateducitequitatumque,quaconsuetudinepabulatoribusmitterepraesidioconsuerat,praemittit:huicinterponitauxilialevisarmaturae;ipsecumlegionibusquampotestmaximeappropinquat", + "en": "Upon receiving information of their design Caesar drew out more legions than he usually did, and sent forward his cavalry as usual, to protect the foragers. With these he intermixed a guard of light infantry, and himself advanced with the legions as fast as he could." + }, + { + "id": 7867, + "la": "Hostesininsidiisdispositi,cumsibidelegissentcampumadremgerendamnonampliuspatenteminomnespartespassibusmille,silvisundiqueautimpeditissimofluminemunitum,velutindaginehuncinsidiiscircumdederunt", + "en": "The Gauls, placed in ambush, had chosen for the seat of action a level piece of ground, not more than a mile in extent, inclosed on every side by a thick wood or a very deep river, as by a toil, and this they surrounded." + }, + { + "id": 7868, + "la": "Exploratohostiumconsilionostriadproeliandumanimoatquearmisparati,cumsubsequentibuslegionibusnullamdimicationemrecusarent,turmatimineumlocumdevenerunt", + "en": "Our men, apprised of the enemy's design, marched in good order to the ground, ready both in heart and hand to give battle, and willing to hazard any engagement when the legions were at their back." + }, + { + "id": 7869, + "la": "QuorumadventucumsibiCorreusoblatamoccasionemreigerendaeexistimaret,primumcumpaucisseostenditatqueinproximasturmasimpetumfecit", + "en": "On their approach, as Correus supposed that he had got an opportunity of effecting his purpose, he at first shows himself with a small party and attacks the foremost troops." + }, + { + "id": 7870, + "la": "Nostriconstanterincursumsustinentinsidiatorumnequepluresinunumlocumconveniunt;quodplerumqueequestribusproeliiscumpropteraliquemtimoremaccidit,tummultitudineipsorumdetrimentumaccipitur", + "en": "Our men resolutely stood the charge, and did not crowd together in one place, as commonly happens from surprise in engagements between the horse, whose numbers prove injurious to themselves." + }, + { + "id": 7871, + "la": "Cumdispositisturmisinvicemrariproeliarenturnequeablateribuscircumvenirisuospaterentur,erumpuntceteriCorreoproelianteexsilvis", + "en": "When by the judicious arrangement of our forces only a few of our men fought by turns, and did not suffer themselves to be surrounded, the rest of the enemy broke out from the woods while Correus was engaged." + }, + { + "id": 7872, + "la": "Fitmagnacontentionediversumproelium.QuodcumdiutiuspariMarteiniretur,paulatimexsilvisinstructamultitudoproceditpeditum,quaenostroscoegitcedereequites.Quibusceleritersubveniuntlevisarmaturaepedites,quosantelegionesmissosdocui,turmisquenostroruminterpositiconstanterproeliantur", + "en": "The battle was maintained in different parts with great vigor, and continued for a long time undecided, till at length a body of foot gradually advanced from the woods in order of battle and forced our horse to give ground: the light infantry, which were sent before the legions to the assistance of the cavalry, soon came up, and, mixing with the horse, fought with great courage." + }, + { + "id": 7873, + "la": "Pugnaturaliquamdiuparicontentione;deinde,utratiopostulabatproeli,quisustinuerantprimosimpetusinsidiarumhocipsofiuntsuperiores,quodnullumabinsidiantibusimprudentesacceperantdetrimentum", + "en": "The battle was for some time doubtful, but, as usually happens, our men, who stood the enemy's first charge, became superior from this very circumstance that, though suddenly attacked from an ambuscade, they had sustained no loss." + }, + { + "id": 7874, + "la": "Acceduntpropiusinterimlegiones,crebriqueeodemtemporeetnostrisethostibusnuntiiadferuntur,imperatoreminstructiscopiisadesse", + "en": "In the mean time the legions were approaching, and several messengers arrived with notice to our men and the enemy that the [Roman] general was near at hand, with his forces in battle array." + }, + { + "id": 7875, + "la": "Quarecognitapraesidiocohortiumconfisinostriacerrimeproeliantur,ne,sitardiusremgessissent,victoriaegloriamcommunicassecumlegionibusviderentur;", + "en": "Upon this intelligence, our men, confiding in the support of the cohorts, fought most resolutely, fearing, lest if they should be slow in their operations they should let the legions participate in the glory of the conquest." + }, + { + "id": 7876, + "la": "hostesconciduntanimisatqueitineribusdiversisfugamquaerunt.Nequiquam:namquibusdifficultatibuslocorumRomanosclauderevoluerant,eisipsitenebantur", + "en": "The enemy lose courage and attempt to escape by different ways. In vain; for they were themselves entangled in that labyrinth in which they thought to entrap the Romans." + }, + { + "id": 7877, + "la": "Victitamenperculsiquemaioreparteamissaconsternatiprofugiuntpartimsilvispetitis,partimflumine(quitameninfugaanostrisacriterinsequentibusconficiuntur),", + "en": "Being defeated and put to the rout, and having lost the greater part of their men, they fled in consternation whithersoever chance carried them; some sought the woods, others the river, but were vigorously pursued by our men and put to the sword." + }, + { + "id": 7878, + "la": "cuminterimnullacalamitatevictusCorreusexcedereproeliosilvasquepetereautinvitantibusnostrisaddeditionempotuitadduci,quinfortissimeproeliandocompluresquevulnerandocogeretelatosiracundiavictoresinsetelaconicere", + "en": "Yet, in the mean time, Correus, unconquered by calamity, could not be prevailed on to quit the field and take refuge in the woods, or accept our offers of quarter, but, fighting courageously and wounding several, provoked our men, elated with victory, to discharge their weapons against him." + }, + { + "id": 7879, + "la": "TalimodoregestarecentibusproelivestigiisingressusCaesar,cumvictostantacalamitateexistimarethostesnuntioacceptolocumcastrorumrelicturos,quaenonlongiusabeacaedeabesseplusminusoctomilibusdicebantur,tametsiflumineimpeditumtransitumvidebat,tamenexercitutraductoprogreditur", + "en": "After this transaction, Caesar, having come up immediately after the battle, and imagining that the enemy, upon receiving the news of so great a defeat, would be so depressed that they would abandon their camp, which was not above eight miles distant from the scene of action, though he saw his passage obstructed by the river, yet he marched his army over and advanced." + }, + { + "id": 7880, + "la": "AtBellovacireliquaequecivitatesrepenteexfugapaucisatquehisvulneratisreceptis,quisilvarumbeneficiocasumevitaverant,omnibusadversis,cognitacalamitate,interfectoCorreo,amissoequitatuetfortissimispeditibus,cumadventareRomanosexistimarent,conciliorepentecantutubarumconvocatoconclamant,legatiobsidesqueadCaesaremmittantur", + "en": "But the Bellovaci and the other states, being informed of the loss they had sustained by a few wounded men who having escaped by the shelter of the woods, had returned to them after the defeat, and learning that every thing had turned out unfavorable, that Correus was slain, and the horse and most valiant of their foot cut off, imagined that the Romans were marching against them, and calling a council in haste by sound of trumpet, unanimously cry out to send embassadors and hostages to Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 7881, + "la": "HocomnibusprobatoconsilioCommiusAtrebasadeosconfugitGermanos,aquibusadidbellumauxiliamutuatuserat", + "en": "This proposal having met with general approbation, Comius the Atrebatian fled to those Germans from whom he had borrowed auxiliaries for that war." + }, + { + "id": 7882, + "la": "CeterievestigiomittuntadCaesaremlegatospetuntque,uteapoenasitcontentushostium,quamsisinedimicationeinferreintegrisposset,prosuaclementiaatquehumanitatenumquamprofectoessetillaturus", + "en": "The rest instantly send embassadors to Caesar; and requested that he would be contented with that punishment of his enemy, which if he had possessed the power to inflict on them before the engagement, when they were yet uninjured, they were persuaded from his usual clemency and mercy, he never would have inflicted;" + }, + { + "id": 7883, + "la": "AdflictasopesequestriproelioBellovacorumesse;delectorumpeditummultamiliainterisse,vixrefugissenuntioscaedis", + "en": "that the power of the Bellovaci was crushed by the cavalry action; that many thousand of their choicest foot had fallen, that scarce a man had escaped to bring the fatal news." + }, + { + "id": 7884, + "la": "TamenmagnumutintantacalamitateBellovacoseoproeliocommodumesseconsecutos,quodCorreus,auctorbelli,concitatormultitudinis,essetinterfectus.Numquamenimsenatumtantumincivitateillovivoquantumimperitamplebempotuisse", + "en": "That, however, the Bellovaci had derived from the battle one advantage, of some importance, considering their loss; that Correus, the author of the rebellion, and agitator of the people, was slain: for that while he lived the senate had never equal influence in the state with the giddy populace." + }, + { + "id": 7885, + "la": "HaecorantibuslegatiscommemoratCaesar:EodemtemporesuperioreannoBellovacosceterasqueGalliaecivitatessuscepissebellum:pertinacissimehosexomnibusinsententiapermansissenequeadsanitatemreliquorumdeditioneesseperductos", + "en": "Caesar reminded the embassadors who made these supplications, that the Bellovaci had at the same season the year before, in conjunction with other states of Gaul, undertaken a war, and that they had persevered the most obstinately of all in their purpose, and were not brought to a proper way of thinking by the submission of the rest" + }, + { + "id": 7886, + "la": "Scireatqueintellegeresecausampeccatifacillimemortuisdelegari.Neminemverotantumpollere,utinvitisprincipibus,resistentesenatu,omnibusbonisrepugnantibusinfirmamanuplebisbellumconcitareetgerereposset.Sedtamensecontentumforeeapoenaquamsibiipsicontraxissent", + "en": "that he knew and was aware that the guilt of a crime was easily transferred to the dead; but that no one person could have such influence, as to be able by the feeble support of the multitude to raise a war and carry it on without the consent of the nobles, in opposition to the senate, and in despite of every virtuous man; however he was satisfied with the punishment, which they had drawn upon themselves." + }, + { + "id": 7887, + "la": "Nocteinsequentilegatiresponsaadsuosreferunt,obsidesconficiunt.Concurruntreliquarumcivitatiumlegati,quaeBellovacorumspeculabantureventum;", + "en": "The night following the embassadors bring back his answer to their countrymen and prepare the hostages. Embassadors flock in from the other states, which were waiting for the issue of the [war with the] Bellovaci:" + }, + { + "id": 7888, + "la": "obsidesdant,imperatafaciuntexceptoCommio,quemtimorprohibebatcuiusquamfideisuamcommitteresalutem", + "en": "they give hostages, and receive his orders; all except Comius, whose fears restrained him from intrusting his safety to any person's honor." + }, + { + "id": 7889, + "la": "NamsuperioreannoTitusLabienus,CaesareinGalliaciterioreiusdicente,cumCommiumcomperissetsollicitarecivitatesetconiurationemcontraCaesaremfacere,infidelitatemeiussineullaperfidiaiudicavitcomprimiposse", + "en": "For the year before, while Caesar was holding the assizes in Hither Gaul, Titus Labienus, having discovered that Comius was tampering with the state, and raising a conspiracy against Caesar, thought he might punish his infidelity without perfidy;" + }, + { + "id": 7890, + "la": "Quemquianonarbitrabaturvocatumincastraventurum,netemptandocautioremfaceret,GaiumVolusenumQuadratummisit,quieumpersimulationemcolloquicuraretinterficiendum.Adeamremdelectosidoneoseitraditcenturiones", + "en": "but judging that he would not come to his camp at his invitation, and unwilling to put him on his guard by the attempt, he sent Caius Volusenus Quadratus, with orders to have him put to death under pretense of conference. To effect his purpose, he sent with him some chosen centurions." + }, + { + "id": 7891, + "la": "Cumincolloquiumventumesset,et,utconvenerat,manumCommiVolusenusarripuisset,centuriovelinsuetarepermotusvelceleriterafamiliaribusprohibitusCommiconficerehominemnonpotuit;gravitertamenprimoictugladiocaputpercussit", + "en": "hen they came to the conference, and Volusenus, as had been agreed on, had taken hold of Comius by the hand, and one of the centurions, as if surprised at so uncommon an incident, attempted to kill him, he was prevented by the friends of Comius, but wounded him severely in the head by the first blow." + }, + { + "id": 7892, + "la": "Cumutrimquegladiidestrictiessent,nontampugnandiquamdiffugiendifuitutrorumqueconsilium:nostrorum,quodmortiferovulnereCommiumcredebantadfectum;Gallorum,quodinsidiiscognitispluraquamvidebantextimescebant.QuofactostatuisseCommiusdicebaturnumquaminconspectumcuiusquamRomanivenire", + "en": "Swords were drawn on both sides, not so much with a design to fight as to effect an escape, our men believing that Comius had received a mortal stroke; and the Gauls, from the treachery which they had seen, dreading that a deeper design lay concealed. Upon this transaction, it was said that Comius made a resolution never to come within sight of any Roman." + }, + { + "id": 7893, + "la": "BellicosissimisgentibusdevictisCaesar,cumvideretnullamiamessecivitatemquaebellumpararetquosibiresisteret,sednonnullosexoppidisdemigrare,exagrisdiffugereadpraesensimperiumevitandum,pluresinpartesexercitumdimittereconstituit", + "en": "When Caesar, having completely conquered the most warlike nations, perceived that there was now no state which could make preparations for war to oppose him, but that some were removing and fleeing from their country to avoid present subjection, he resolved to detach his army into different parts of the country." + }, + { + "id": 7894, + "la": "M.Antoniumquaestoremcumlegioneduodecimasibiconiungit.C.FabiumlegatumcumcohortibusXXVmittitindiversissimampartemGalliae,quodibiquasdamcivitatesinarmisesseaudiebatnequeC.CaniniumRebilumlegatum,quiinillisregionibuserat,satisfirmasduaslegioneshabereexistimabat", + "en": "He kept with himself Marcus Antonius the quaestor, with the eleventh legion; Caius Fabius was detached with twenty-five cohorts into the remotest part of Gaul, because it was rumored that some states had risen in arms, and he did not think that Caius Caninius Rebilus, who had the charge of that country, was strong enough to protect it with two legions." + }, + { + "id": 7895, + "la": "TitumLabienumadseevocat;legionemautemXV,quaecumeofueratinhibernis,intogatamGalliammittitadcoloniasciviumRomanorumtuendas,nequodsimileincommodumaccideretdecursionebarbarorumacsuperioreaestateTergestinisacciderat,quirepentinolatrocinioatqueimpetuillorumerantoppressi", + "en": "He ordered Titus Labienus to attend himself, and sent the twelfth legion which had been under him in winter quarters, to Hither Gaul, to protect the Roman colonies, and prevent any loss by the inroads of barbarians similar to that which had happened the year before to the Tergestines, who were cut off by a sudden depredation and attack." + }, + { + "id": 7896, + "la": "IpseadvastandosdepopulandosquefinesAmbiorigisproficiscitur;quemperterritumacfugientemcumredigiposseinsuampotestatemdesperasset,proximumsuaedignitatisesseducebat,adeofineseiusvastarecivibus,aedificiis,pecore,utodiosuorumAmbiorix,siquosfortunareliquosfecisset,nullumreditumproptertantascalamitateshaberetincivitatem", + "en": "He himself marched to depopulate the country of Ambiorix, whom he had terrified and forced to fly, but despaired of being able to reduce under his power; but he thought it most consistent with his honor to waste his country both of inhabitants, cattle, and buildings, so that from the abhorrence of his countrymen, if fortune suffered any to survive, he might be excluded from a return to his state for the calamities which he had brought on it." + }, + { + "id": 7897, + "la": "CuminomnespartesfiniumAmbiorigisautlegionesautauxiliadimisissetatqueomniacaedibus,incendiis,rapinisvastasset,magnonumerohominuminterfectoautcaptoLabienumcumduabuslegionibusinTreverosmittit,", + "en": "After he had sent either his legions or auxiliaries through every part of Ambiorix's dominions, and wasted the whole country by sword, fire, and rapine, and had killed or taken prodigious numbers, he sent Labienus with two legions against the Treviri ," + }, + { + "id": 7898, + "la": "quorumcivitaspropterGermaniaevicinitatemcotidianisexercitatabelliscultuetferitatenonmultumaGermanisdifferebatnequeimperataumquamnisiexercitucoactafaciebat", + "en": "whose state, from its vicinity to Germany , being engaged in constant war, differed but little from the Germans, in civilization and savage barbarity; and never continued in its allegiance, except when awed by the presence of his army." + }, + { + "id": 7899, + "la": "InterimGaiusCaniniuslegatus,cummagnammultitudinemconvenissehostiuminfinesPictonumlitterisnuntiisqueDuraticognosceret,quiperpetuoinamicitiamanseratRomanorum,cumparsquaedamcivitatiseiusdefecisset,adoppidumLemonumcontendit", + "en": "In the mean time Caius Caninius, a lieutenant, having received information by letters and messages from Duracius, who had always continued in friendship to the Roman people, though a part of his state had revolted, that a great multitude of the enemy were in arms in the country of the Pictones, marched to the town Limonum ." + }, + { + "id": 7900, + "la": "QuocumadventaretatqueexcaptiviscertiuscognosceretmultishominummilibusaDumnaco,duceAndium,DuratiumclausumLemonioppugnarinequeinfirmaslegioneshostibuscommittereauderet,castraposuitlocomunito", + "en": "When he was approaching it, he was informed by some prisoners, that Duracius was shut up by several thousand men, under the command of Dumnacus, general of the Andes, and that Limonum was besieged, but not daring to face the enemy with his weak legions, he encamped in a strong position:" + }, + { + "id": 7901, + "la": "Dumnacus,cumappropinquareCaniniumcognosset,copiisomnibusadlegionesconversiscastraRomanorumoppugnareinstituit", + "en": "Dumnacus, having notice of Caninius's approach, turned his whole force against the legions, and prepared to assault the Roman camp." + }, + { + "id": 7902, + "la": "Cumcompluresdiesinoppugnationeconsumpsissetetmagnosuorumdetrimentonullampartemmunitionumconvellerepotuisset,rursusadobsidendumLemonumredit", + "en": "But after spending several days in the attempt, and losing a considerable number of men, without being able to make a breach in any part of the works, he returned again to the siege of Limonum" + }, + { + "id": 7903, + "la": "EodemtemporeC.Fabiuslegatuscomplurescivitatesinfidemrecipit,obsidibusfirmatlitterisqueGaiCaniniRebilifitcertiorquaeinPictonibusgerantur", + "en": "At the same time, Caius Fabius, a lieutenant, brings back many states to their allegiance, and confirms their submission by taking hostages; he was then informed by letters from Caninius, of the proceedings among the Pictones." + }, + { + "id": 7904, + "la": "QuibusrebuscognitisproficiscituradauxiliumDuratioferendum.AtDumnacusadventuFabicognitodesperatasalute,sitemporeeodemcoactusessetetRomanumexternumsustinerehostemetrespicereactimereoppidanos,repenteexeolococumcopiisreceditnecsesatistutumforearbitratur,nisiflumineLigeri,quoderatponteproptermagnitudinemtranseundum,copiastraduxisset", + "en": "Upon which he set off to bring assistance to Duracius. But Dumnacus, hearing of the approach of Fabius, and despairing of safety, if at the same time he should be forced to withstand the Roman army without, and observe, and be under apprehension from the town's people, made a precipitate retreat from that place with all his forces. Nor did he think that he should be sufficiently secure from danger, unless he led his army across the Loire , which was too deep a river to pass except by a bridge." + }, + { + "id": 7905, + "la": "Fabius,etsinonduminconspectumvenerathostibusnequeseCaninioconiunxerat,tamendoctusabeisquilocorumnoverantnaturampotissimumcredidithostesperterritoseumlocum,quempetebant,petituros", + "en": "Though Fabius had not yet come within sight of the enemy, nor joined Caninius; yet being informed of the nature of the country, by persons acquainted with it, he judged it most likely that the enemy would take that way, which he found they did take." + }, + { + "id": 7906, + "la": "Itaquecumcopiisadeundempontemcontenditequitatumquetantumprocedereanteagmenimperatlegionum,quantumcumprocessisset,sinedefatigationeequorumineademsereciperetcastra", + "en": "He therefore marched to that bridge with his army, and ordered his cavalry to advance no farther before the legions than that they could return to the same camp at night, without fatiguing their horses." + }, + { + "id": 7907, + "la": "Consecunturequitesnostri,uteratpraeceptum,invaduntqueDumnaciagmenetfugientesperterritosquesubsarcinisinitinereadgressimagnapraedamultisinterfectispotiuntur.Itarebenegestaserecipiuntincastra", + "en": "Our horse pursued according to orders, and fell upon Dumnacus's rear and attacking them on their march, while fleeing, dismayed, and laden with baggage, they slew a great number, and took a rich booty. Having executed the affair so successfully, they retired to the camp." + }, + { + "id": 7908, + "la": "InsequentinocteFabiusequitespraemittitsicparatosutconfligerentatqueomneagmenmorarentur,dumconsequereturipse", + "en": "The night following, Fabius sent his horse before him, with orders to engage the enemy, and delay their march till he himself should come up." + }, + { + "id": 7909, + "la": "Cuiuspraeceptisutresgereretur,QuintusAtiusVarus,praefectusequitum,singularisetanimietprudentiaevir,suoshortaturagmenquehostiumconsecutusturmaspartimidoneislocisdisponit,parteequitumproeliumcommittit", + "en": "That his orders might be faithfully performed, Quintus Atius Varus, general of the horse, a man of uncommon spirit and skill, encouraged his men, and pursuing the enemy, disposed some of his troops in convenient places, and with the rest gave battle to the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 7910, + "la": "Confligitaudaciusequitatushostiumsuccedentibussibipeditibus,quitotoagminesubsistentesequitibussuiscontranostrosferuntauxilium.Fitproeliumacricertamine", + "en": "The enemy's cavalry made a bold stand, the foot relieving each other, and making a general halt, to assist their horse against ours. The battle was warmly contested." + }, + { + "id": 7911, + "la": "Namquenostricontemptispridiesuperatishostibus,cumsubsequilegionesmeminissent,etpudorecedendietcupiditateperseconficiendiproelifortissimecontrapeditesproeliantur,", + "en": "For our men, despising the enemy whom they had conquered the day before, and knowing that the legions were following them, animated both by the disgrace of retreating, and a desire of concluding the battle expeditiously by their own courage, fought most valiantly against the foot:" + }, + { + "id": 7912, + "la": "hostesquenihilampliuscopiarumaccessurumcredentes,utpridiecognoverant,delendiequitatusnostrinactioccasionemvidebantur", + "en": "and the enemy, imagining that no more forces would come against them, as they had experienced the day before, thought they had got a favorable opportunity of destroying our whole cavalry." + }, + { + "id": 7913, + "la": "Cumaliquamdiusummacontentionedimicaretur,Dumnacusinstruitaciemquaesuisessetequitibusinvicempraesidio,cumrepenteconfertaelegionesinconspectumhostiumveniunt", + "en": "After the conflict had continued for some time with great violence, Dumnacus drew out his army in such a manner, that the foot should by turns assist the horse. Then the legions, marching in close order, came suddenly in sight of the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 7914, + "la": "Quibusvisisperculsaebarbarorumturmaeacperterritaeacieshostium,perturbatoimpedimentorumagmine,magnoclamorediscursuquepassimfugaesemandant", + "en": "At this sight, the barbarian horse were so astonished, and the foot so terrified, that breaking through the line of baggage, they betook themselves to flight with a loud shout, and in great disorder." + }, + { + "id": 7915, + "la": "Atnostriequites,quipauloantecumresistentibusfortissimeconflixerant,laetitiavictoriaeelatimagnoundiqueclamoresublatocedentibuscircumfusi,quantumequorumviresadpersequendumdextraequeadcaedendumvalent,tantumeoproeliointerficiunt", + "en": "But our horse, who a little before had vigorously engaged them, while they made resistance, being elated with joy at their victory, raising a shout on every side, poured round them as they ran, and as long as their horses had strength to pursue, or their arms to give a blow, so long did they continue the slaughter of the enemy in that battle," + }, + { + "id": 7916, + "la": "ItaqueampliusmilibusXIIautarmatorumauteorumquieotimorearmaproiecerantinterfectisomnismultitudocapiturimpedimentorum", + "en": "and having killed above twelve thousand men in arms, or such as threw away their arms through fear, they took their whole train of baggage." + }, + { + "id": 7917, + "la": "QuaexfugacumconstaretDrappetemSenonem,qui,utprimumdefeceratGallia,collectisundiqueperditishominibus,servisadlibertatemvocatis,exulibusomniumcivitatumadscitis,receptislatronibusimpedimentaetcommeatusRomanoruminterceperat,nonampliushominumduobusmilibusexfugacollectisprovinciampetereunaqueconsiliumcumeoLucteriumCadurcumcepisse,quemsuperiorecommentarioprimadefectioneGalliaefacereinprovinciamvoluisseimpetumcognitumest,", + "en": "After this defeat, when it was ascertained that Drapes, a Senonian (who in the beginning of the revolt of Gaul had collected from all quarters men of desperate fortunes, invited the slaves to liberty, called in the exiles of the whole kingdom, given an asylum to robbers, and intercepted the Roman baggage and provisions), was marching to the province with five thousand men, being all he could collect after the defeat, and that Luterius a Cadurcian who, as it has been observed in a former commentary, had designed to make an attack on the Province in the first revolt of Gaul, had formed a junction with him," + }, + { + "id": 7918, + "la": "Caniniuslegatuscumlegionibusduabusadeospersequendoscontendit,nedetrimentoauttimoreprovinciaemagnainfamiaperditorumhominumlatrociniiscaperetur", + "en": "Caius Caninius went in pursuit of them with two legions, lest great disgrace might be incurred from the fears or injuries done to the Province by the depredations of a band of desperate men." + }, + { + "id": 7919, + "la": "GaiusFabiuscumreliquoexercituinCarnutesceterasqueproficisciturcivitates,quarumeoproelio,quodcumDumnacofecerat,copiasesseaccisassciebat", + "en": "Caius Fabius set off with the rest of the army to the Carnutes and those other states, whose force he was informed, had served as auxiliaries in that battle, which he fought against Dumnacus." + }, + { + "id": 7920, + "la": "Nonenimdubitabatquinrecenticalamitatesummissioresessentfuturae,datoverospatioactemporeeodeminstiganteDumnacopossentconcitari", + "en": "For he had no doubt that they would be more submissive after their recent sufferings, but if respite and time were given them, they might be easily excited by the earnest solicitations of the same Dumnacus." + }, + { + "id": 7921, + "la": "QuainresummafelicitasceleritasqueinrecipiendiscivitatibusFabiumconsequitur", + "en": "On this occasion Fabius was extremely fortunate and expeditious in recovering the states." + }, + { + "id": 7922, + "la": "NamCarnutes,quisaepevexatinumquampacisfecerantmentionem,datisobsidibusveniuntindeditionem,ceteraequecivitatespositaeinultimisGalliaefinibusOceanoconiunctae,quaeArmoricaeappellantur,auctoritateadductaeCarnutumadventuFabilegionumqueimperatasinemorafaciunt", + "en": "For the Carnutes, who, though often harassed had never mentioned peace, submitted and gave hostages: and the other states, which lie in the remotest parts of Gaul, adjoining the ocean, and which are called Armoricae, influenced by the example of the Carnutes, as soon as Fabius arrived with his legions, without delay comply with his command." + }, + { + "id": 7923, + "la": "DumnacussuisfinibusexpulsuserranslatitansquesolusextremasGalliaeregionespetereestcoactus", + "en": "Dumnacus, expelled from his own territories, wandering and skulking about, was forced to seek refuge by himself in the most remote parts of Gaul." + }, + { + "id": 7924, + "la": "AtDrappesunaqueLucterius,cumlegionesCaniniumqueadessecognoscerentnecsesinecertaperniciepersequenteexercituputarentprovinciaefinesintrareposseneciamliberevagandilatrociniorumquefaciendorumfacultatemhaberent,infinibusconsistuntCadurcorum", + "en": "But Drapes in conjunction with Luterius, knowing that Caninius was at hand with the legions, and that they themselves could not without certain destruction enter the boundaries of the province, while an army was in pursuit of them, and being no longer at liberty to roam up and down and pillage, halt in the country of the Cadurci," + }, + { + "id": 7925, + "la": "IbicumLucteriusapudsuoscivesquondamintegrisrebusmultumpotuisset,semperqueauctornovorumconsiliorummagnamapudbarbarosauctoritatemhaberet,oppidumVxellodunum,quodinclientelafuerateius,egregienaturalocimunitum,occupatsuisetDrappetiscopiisoppidanosquesibiconiungit", + "en": "as Luterius had once in his prosperity possessed a powerful influence over the inhabitants, who were his countrymen, and being always the author of new projects, had considerable authority among the barbarians; with his own and Drapes' troops he seized Uxellodunum, a town formerly in vassalage to him, and strongly fortified by its natural situation; and prevailed on the inhabitants to join him." + }, + { + "id": 7926, + "la": "QuocumconfestimGaiusCaniniusvenissetanimadverteretqueomnesoppidipartespraeruptissimissaxisessemunitas,quodefendentenullotamenarmatisascendereessetdifficile,magnaautemimpedimentaoppidanorumvideret,quaesiclandestinafugasubtrahereconarentur,effugerenonmodoequitatum,sednelegionesquidempossent,tripertitocohortibusdivisistrinaexcelsissimolococastrafecit;", + "en": "After Caninius had rapidly marched to this place, and perceived that all parts of the town were secured by very craggy rocks, which it would be difficult for men in arms to climb even if they met with no resistance; and moreover, observing that the town's people were possessed of effects, to a considerable amount, and that if they attempted to convey them away in a clandestine manner, they could not escape our horse, or even our legions; he divided his forces into three parts, and pitched three camps on very high ground," + }, + { + "id": 7927, + "la": "aquibuspaulatim,quantumcopiaepatiebantur,valluminoppidicircuitumducereinstituit", + "en": "with the intention of drawing lines round the town by degrees, as his forces could bear the fatigue." + }, + { + "id": 7928, + "la": "QuodcumanimadverterentoppidanimiserrimaqueAlesiaememoriasollicitisimilemcasumobsessionisvererentur,maximequeexomnibusLucterius,quifortunaeilliuspericulumfecerat,moneretfrumentirationemessehabendam,constituuntomniumconsensuparteibirelictacopiarumipsicumexpeditisadimportandumfrumentumproficisci", + "en": "When the townsmen perceived his design, being terrified by the recollection of the distress at Alesia , they began to dread similar consequences from a siege; and above all Luterius, who had experienced that fatal event, cautioned them to make provisions of corn; they therefore resolve by general consent to leave part of their troops behind, and set out with their light troops to bring in corn." + }, + { + "id": 7929, + "la": "EoconsilioprobatoproximanocteduobusmilibusarmatorumrelictisreliquosexoppidoDrappesetLucteriuseducunt", + "en": "The scheme having met with approbation, the following night Drapes and Luterius leaving two thousand men in the garrison, marched out of the town with the rest." + }, + { + "id": 7930, + "la": "HipaucosdiesmoratiexfinibusCadurcorum,quipartimrefrumentariasublevareeoscupiebant,partimprohiberequominussumerentnonpoterant,magnumnumerumfrumenticomparant,nonnumquamautemexpeditionibusnocturniscastellanostrorumadoriuntur", + "en": "After a few days' stay in the country of the Cadurci (some of whom were disposed to assist them with corn, and others were unable to prevent their taking it) they collected a great store. Sometimes also attacks were made on our little forts by sallies at night." + }, + { + "id": 7931, + "la": "QuamobcausamGaiusCaniniustotooppidomunitionescircumdaremoratur,neautopuseffectumtuerinonpossitautplurimisinlocisinfirmadisponatpraesidia", + "en": "For this reason Caninius deferred drawing his works round the whole town, lest he should be unable to protect them when completed, or by disposing his garrisons in several places, should make them too weak." + }, + { + "id": 7932, + "la": "MagnacopiafrumenticomparataconsiduntDrappesetLucteriusnonlongiusaboppidoXmilibus,undepaulatimfrumentuminoppidumsupportarent", + "en": "Drapes and Luterius, having laid in a large supply of corn, occupying a position at about ten miles distance from the town, intending from it to convey the corn into the town by degrees." + }, + { + "id": 7933, + "la": "Ipsiinterseprovinciaspartiuntur:Drappescastrispraesidiocumpartecopiarumrestitit;Lucteriusagmeniumentorumadoppidumducit", + "en": "They chose each his respective department. Drapes stayed behind in the camp with part of the army to protect it; Luterius conveys the train with provisions into the town." + }, + { + "id": 7934, + "la": "Dispositisibipraesidiishoranoctiscirciterdecimasilvestribusangustisqueitineribusfrumentumimportareinoppiduminstituit", + "en": "Accordingly, having disposed guards here and there along the road, about the tenth hour of the night, he set out by narrow paths through the woods, to fetch the corn into the town." + }, + { + "id": 7935, + "la": "Quorumstrepitumvigilescastrorumcumsensissent,exploratoresquemissiquaegererenturrenuntiassent,Caniniusceleritercumcohortibusarmatisexproximiscastellisinfrumentariossubipsamlucemimpetumfecit", + "en": "But their noise being heard by the sentinels of our camp, and the scouts which we had sent out, having brought an account of what was going on, Caninius instantly with the ready-armed cohorts from the nearest turrets made an attack on the convoy at the break of day." + }, + { + "id": 7936, + "la": "Eirepentinomaloperterritidiffugiuntadsuapraesidia;quaenostriutviderunt,acriuscontraarmatosincitatineminemexeonumerovivumcapipatiuntur.ProfugitindecumpaucisLucteriusnecserecipitineastra", + "en": "They, alarmed at so unexpected an evil, fled by different ways to their guard: which as soon as our men perceived, they fell with great fury on the escort, and did not allow a single man to be taken alive. Luterius escaped thence with a few followers, but did not return to the camp." + }, + { + "id": 7937, + "la": "RebenegestaCaniniusexcaptiviscomperitpartemcopiarumcumDrappeteesseincastrisamilibuslongenonampliusXII", + "en": "After this success, Caninius learned from some prisoners, that a part of the forces was encamped with Drapes, not more than ten miles off:" + }, + { + "id": 7938, + "la": "Quareexcompluribuscognita,cumintellegeretfugatoducealteroperterritosreliquosfacileopprimiposse,magnaefelicitatisessearbitrabaturneminemexcaederefugisseincastraquideacceptacalamitatenuntiumDrappetiperferret", + "en": "which being confirmed by several, supposing that after the defeat of one general, the rest would be terrified, and might be easily conquered, he thought it a most fortunate event that none of the enemy had fled back from the slaughter to the camp, to give Drapes notice of the calamity which had befallen him." + }, + { + "id": 7939, + "la": "Sedinexperiendocumpericulumnullumvideret,equitatumomnemGermanosquepedites,summaevelocitatishomines,adcastrahostiumpraemittit;ipselegionemunamintrinacastradistribuit,alteramsecumexpeditamducit", + "en": "And as he could see no danger in making the attempt, he sent forward all his cavalry and the German foot, men of great activity, to the enemy's camp. He divides one legion among the three camps, and takes the other without baggage along with him." + }, + { + "id": 7940, + "la": "Cumpropiushostesaccessisset,abexploratoribusquospraemiseratcognoscitcastraeorum,utbarbarorumfereconsuetudoest,relictislocissuperioribusadripasfluminisessedemissa;atGermanosequitesqueimprudentibusomnibusdeimprovisoadvolasseproeliumquecommisisse", + "en": "When he had advanced near the enemy, he was informed by scouts, which he had sent before him, that the enemy's camp, as is the custom of barbarians, was pitched low, near the banks of a river, and that the higher grounds were unoccupied: but that the German horse had made a sudden attack on them, and had begun the battle." + }, + { + "id": 7941, + "la": "Quarecognitalegionemarmataminstructamqueadducit.Itarepenteomnibusexpartibussignodatolocasuperioracapiuntur", + "en": "Upon this intelligence, he marched up with his legion, armed and in order of battle. Then, on a signal being suddenly given on every side, our men took possession of the higher grounds." + }, + { + "id": 7942, + "la": "Quodubiaccidit,Germaniequitesquesignislegionisvisisvehementissimeproeliantur.Confestimcohortesundiqueimpetumfaciuntomnibusqueautinterfectisautcaptismagnapraedapotiuntur.CapituripseeoproelioDrappes", + "en": "Upon this the German horse observing the Roman colors, fought with great vigor. Immediately all the cohorts attack them on every side; and having either killed or made prisoners of them all, gained great booty. In that battle, Drapes himself was taken prisoner." + }, + { + "id": 7943, + "la": "Caniniusfelicissimeregestasineullopaenemilitisvulnereadobsidendosoppidanosrevertitur", + "en": "Caninius, having accomplished the business so successfully, without having scarcely a man wounded, returned to besiege the town" + }, + { + "id": 7944, + "la": "externoquehostedeleto,cuiustimoreanteadividerepraesidiaetmunitioneoppidanoscircumdareprohibituserat,operaundiqueimperatadministrari.VeniteodemcumsuiscopiisposterodieGaiusFabiuspartemqueoppidisumitadobsidendum", + "en": "and, having destroyed the enemy without, for fear of whom he had been prevented from strengthening his redoubts, and surrounding the enemy with his lines, he orders the work to be completed on every side. The next day, Caius Fabius came to join him with his forces, and took upon him the siege of one side." + }, + { + "id": 7945, + "la": "CaesarinterimM.AntoniumquaestoremcumcohortibusXVinBellovacisrelinquit,nequarursusnovorumconsiliorumcapiendorumBelgisfacultasdaretur", + "en": "In the mean time, Caesar left Caius Antonius in the country of the Bellovaci, with fifteen cohorts, that the Belgae might have no opportunity of forming new plans in future." + }, + { + "id": 7946, + "la": "Ipsereliquascivitatesadit,obsidespluresimperat,timentesomniumanimosconsolationesanat", + "en": "He himself visits the other states, demands a great number of hostages, and by his encouraging language allays the apprehensions of all." + }, + { + "id": 7947, + "la": "CuminCarnutesvenisset,quorumincivitatesuperiorecommentarioCaesarexposuitinitiumbelliesseortum,quodpraecipueeospropterconscientiamfactitimereanimadvertebat,quoceleriuscivitatemtimoreliberaret,principemscelerisilliusetconcitatorembelli,Gutruatum,adsuppliciumdepoposcit", + "en": "When he came to the Carnutes, in whose state he has in a former commentary mentioned that the war first broke out; observing, that from a consciousness of their guilt, they seemed to be in the greatest terror: to relieve the state the sooner from its fear, he demanded that Guturvatus, the promoter of that treason, and the instigator of that rebellion, should be delivered up to punishment." + }, + { + "id": 7948, + "la": "Quietsinecivibusquidemsuissecommittebat,tamenceleriteromniumcuraquaesitusincastraperducitur", + "en": "And though the latter did not dare to trust his life even to his own countrymen, yet such diligent search was made by them all, that he was soon brought to our camp." + }, + { + "id": 7949, + "la": "CogiturineiussuppliciumCaesarcontrasuamnaturamconcursumaximomilitum,quieiomniapericulaetdetrimentabelliacceptareferebant,adeoutverberibusexanimatumcorpussecuriferiretur", + "en": "Caesar was forced to punish him, by the clamors of the soldiers, contrary to his natural humanity, for they alleged that all the dangers and losses incurred in that war, ought to be imputed to Guturvatus. Accordingly, he was whipped to death, and his head cut off." + }, + { + "id": 7950, + "la": "IbicrebrislitterisCaninifitcertiorquaedeDrappeteetLucteriogestaessent,quoqueinconsiliopermanerentoppidani", + "en": "Here Caesar was informed by numerous letters from Caninius of what had happened to Drapes and Luterius, and in what conduct the town's people persisted:" + }, + { + "id": 7951, + "la": "Quorumetsipaucitatemcontemnebat,tamenpertinaciammagnapoenaesseadficiendamiudicabat,neuniversaGallianonsibiviresdefuisseadresistendumRomanis,sedconstantiamputaret,nevehocexemploceteraecivitateslocorumopportunitatefretaesevindicarentinlibertatem,", + "en": "and though he despised the smallness of their numbers, yet he thought their obstinacy deserving a severe punishment, lest Gaul in general should adopt an idea that she did not want strength but perseverance to oppose the Romans; and lest the other states, relying on the advantage of situation, should follow their example and assert their liberty;" + }, + { + "id": 7952, + "la": "cumomnibusGallisnotumessesciretreliquamesseunamaestatemsuaeprovinciae,quamsisustinerepotuissent,nullumultrapericulumvererentur", + "en": "especially as he knew that all the Gauls understood that his command was to continue but one summer longer, and if they could hold out for that time, that they would have no further danger to apprehend" + }, + { + "id": 7953, + "la": "ItaqueQ.Calenumlegatumcumlegionibusreliquitquiiustisitineribussubsequeretur;ipsecumomniequitatuquampotestcelerrimeadCaniniumcontendit", + "en": "He therefore left Quintus Calenus, one of his lieutenants, behind him, with two legions, and instructions to follow him by regular marches. He hastened as much as he could with all the cavalry to Caninius." + }, + { + "id": 7954, + "la": "CumcontraexspectationemomniumCaesarVxellodunumvenissetoppidumqueoperibusclausumanimadverteretnequeaboppugnationerecedivideretullacondicioneposse,magnaautemcopiafrumentiabundareoppidanosexperfugiscognosset,aquaprohiberehostemtemptarecoepit", + "en": "Having arrived atUxellodunum, contrary to the general expectation, and perceiving that the town was surrounded by the works, and that the enemy had no possible means of retiring from the assault, and being likewise informed by the deserters that the townsmen had abundance of corn, he endeavoured to prevent their getting water." + }, + { + "id": 7955, + "la": "Flumeninfimamvallemdividebat,quaetotumpaenemontemcingebat,inquopositumeratpraeruptumundiqueoppidumVxellodunum", + "en": "A river divided the valley below, which almost surrounded the steep craggy mountain on which Uxellodunum was built." + }, + { + "id": 7956, + "la": "Hocaverterelocinaturaprohibebat:ininfimisenimsicradicibusmontisferebatur,utnullaminpartemdepressisfossisderivariposset", + "en": "The nature of the ground prevented his turning the current: for it ran so low down at the foot of the mountain, that no drains could be sunk deep enough to draw it off in any direction." + }, + { + "id": 7957, + "la": "Eratautemoppidanisdifficilisetpraeruptuseodescensus,utprohibentibusnostrissinevulneribusacpericulovitaenequeadireflumennequearduosereciperepossentascensu", + "en": "But the descent to it was so difficult, that if we made opposition, the besieged could neither come to the river nor retire up the precipice without hazard of their lives." + }, + { + "id": 7958, + "la": "QuadifficultateeorumcognitaCaesarsagittariisfunditoribusquedispositis,tormentisetiamquibusdamlociscontrafacillimosdescensuscollocatisaquafluminisprohibebatoppidanos", + "en": "Caesar perceiving the difficulty, disposed archers and slingers, and in some places, opposite to the easiest descents, placed engines, and attempted to hinder the townsmen from getting water at the river, which obliged them afterward to go all to one place to procure water." + }, + { + "id": 7959, + "la": "Quorumomnisposteamultitudoaquatorumunuminlocumconveniebatsubipsiusoppidimurum,ubimagnusfonsaquaeprorumpebatabeaparte,quaeferepedumCCCintervallofluminiscircuituvacabat", + "en": "Close under the walls of the town, a copious spring gushed out on that part, which for the space of nearly three hundred feet, was not surrounded by the river." + }, + { + "id": 7960, + "la": "Hocfonteprohiberiposseoppidanoscumoptarentreliqui,Caesarunusvideret,eregioneeiusvineasagereadversusmontemetaggereminstruerecoepitmagnocumlaboreetcontinuadimicatione", + "en": "While every other person wished that the besieged could be debarred from this spring, Caesar alone saw that it could be effected, though not without great danger. Opposite to it he began to advance the vineae toward the mountain, and to throw up a mound, with great labor and continual skirmishing." + }, + { + "id": 7961, + "la": "Oppidanienimlocosuperioredecurrunteteminussinepericuloproelianturmultosquepertinacitersuccedentesvulnerant;nondeterrenturtamenmilitesnostrivineasproferreetlaboreatqueoperibuslocorumvinceredifficultates", + "en": "For the townsmen ran down from the high ground, and fought without any risk, and wounded several of our men, yet they obstinately pushed on and were not deterred from moving forward the vineae, and from surmounting by their assiduity the difficulties of situation." + }, + { + "id": 7962, + "la": "Eodemtemporecuniculostectosabvineisaguntadcaputfontis;quodgenusoperissineullopericulo,sinesuspicionehostiumfacerelicebat", + "en": "At the same time they work mines, and move the crates and vineae to the source of the fountain. This was the only work which they could do without danger or suspicion." + }, + { + "id": 7963, + "la": "Exstruituraggerinaltitudinempedumsexaginta,collocaturineoturrisdecemtabulatorum,nonquidemquaemoenibusaequaret(idenimnullisoperibusefficipoterat),sedquaesuperarefontisfastigiumposset", + "en": "A mound sixty feet high was raised; on it was erected a turret of ten stories, not with the intention that it should be on a level with the wall (for that could not be effected by any works), but to rise above the top of the spring." + }, + { + "id": 7964, + "la": "Exeacumtelatormentisiacerenturadfontisaditum,necsinepericulopossentaquarioppidani,nontantumpecoraatqueiumenta,sedetiammagnahostiummultitudositiconsumebatur", + "en": "When our engines began to play from it upon the paths that led to the fountain, and the townsmen could not go for water without danger, not only the cattle designed for food and the working cattle, but a great number of men also died of thirst." + }, + { + "id": 7965, + "la": "Quomaloperterritioppidanicupassebo,pice,scanduliscomplent;easardentesinoperaprovolvunteodemquetemporeacerrimeproeliantur,utabincendiorestinguendodimicationispericulodeterreantRomanos", + "en": "Alarmed at this calamity, the townsmen fill barrels with tallow, pitch, and dried wood: these they set on fire, and roll down on our works. At the same time, they fight most furiously, to deter the Romans, by the engagement and danger, from extinguishing the flames." + }, + { + "id": 7966, + "la": "Magnarepenteinipsisoperibusflammaexstitit.Quaecumqueenimperlocumpraecipitemmissaerant,eavineisetaggeresuppressacomprehendebantidipsumquodmorabatur", + "en": "Instantly a great blaze arose in the works. For whatever they threw down the precipice, striking against the vineae and agger, communicated the fire to whatever was in the way." + }, + { + "id": 7967, + "la": "Militescontranostri,quamquampericulosogenereproelilocoqueiniquopremebantur,tamenomniafortissimosustinebantanimo", + "en": "Our soldiers on the other hand, though they were engaged in a perilous sort of encounter, and laboring under the disadvantages of position, yet supported all with very great presence of mind." + }, + { + "id": 7968, + "la": "Resenimgerebaturetexcelsolocoetinconspectuexercitusnostri,magnusqueutrimqueclamororiebatur", + "en": "For the action happened in an elevated situation, and in sight of our army; and a great shout was raised on both sides;" + }, + { + "id": 7969, + "la": "Itaquamquisquepoteratmaximeinsignis,quonotiortestatiorquevirtusesseteius,telishostiumflammaequeseofferebat", + "en": "therefore every man faced the weapons of the enemy and the flames in as conspicuous a manner as he could, that his valor might be the better known and attested." + }, + { + "id": 7970, + "la": "Caesarcumcompluressuosvulnerarivideret,exomnibusoppidipartibuscohortesmontemascendereetsimulationemoeniumoccupandorumclamoremundiqueiubettollere", + "en": "Caesar, observing that several of his men were wounded, ordered the cohorts to ascend the mountain on all sides, and, under pretense of assailing the walls, to raise a shout:" + }, + { + "id": 7971, + "la": "Quofactoperterritioppidani,cumquidagereturinlocisreliquisessentsuspensi,revocantabimpugnandisoperibusarmatosmurisquedisponunt", + "en": "at which the besieged being frightened, and not knowing what was going on in other places, call off their armed troops from attacking our works, and dispose them on the walls." + }, + { + "id": 7972, + "la": "Itanostrifineproelifactoceleriteroperaflammacomprehensapartimrestinguunt,partiminterscindunt", + "en": "Thus our men without hazarding a battle, gained time partly to extinguish the works which had caught fire, and partly to cut off the communication." + }, + { + "id": 7973, + "la": "Cumpertinaciterresisterentoppidani,magnaetiamparteamissasitisuoruminsententiapermanerent,adpostremumcuniculisvenaefontisintercisaesuntatqueaversae", + "en": "As the townsmen still continued to make an obstinate resistance, and even, after losing the greatest part of their forces by drought, persevered in their resolution: at last the veins of the spring were cut across by our mines, and turned from their course." + }, + { + "id": 7974, + "la": "Quofactorepenteperennisexaruitfonstantamqueattulitoppidanissalutisdesperationem,utidnonhominumconsilio,seddeorumvoluntatefactumputarent.Itaquesenecessitatecoactitradiderunt", + "en": "By this their constant spring was suddenly dried up, which reduced them to such despair that they imagined that it was not done by the art of man, but the will of the gods; forced, therefore, by necessity, they at length submitted." + }, + { + "id": 7975, + "la": "Caesar,cumsuamlenitatemcognitamomnibussciretnequeverereturnequidcrudelitatenaturaevidereturasperiusfecisse,nequeexitumconsiliorumsuorumanimadverteret,sitalirationediversisinlocispluresconsiliainissent,exemplosupplicideterrendosreliquosexistimavit", + "en": "Caesar, being convinced that his lenity was known to all men, and being under no fears of being thought to act severely from a natural cruelty, and perceiving that there would be no end to his troubles if several states should attempt to rebel in like manner and in different places, resolved to deter others by inflicting an exemplary punishment on these." + }, + { + "id": 7976, + "la": "Itaqueomnibusquiarmatulerantmanuspraeciditvitamqueconcessit,quotestatioressetpoenaimproborum", + "en": "Accordingly he cut off the hands of those who had borne arms against him. Their lives he spared, that the punishment of their rebellion might be the more conspicuous." + }, + { + "id": 7977, + "la": "Drappes,quemcaptumesseaCaniniodocui,siveindignitateetdolorevinculorumsivetimoregraviorissupplicipaucisdiebusciboseabstinuitatqueitainteriit", + "en": "Drapes, who I have said was taken by Caninius, either through indignation and grief arising from his captivity, or through fear of severer punishments, abstained from food for several days, and thus perished." + }, + { + "id": 7978, + "la": "EodemtemporeLacterius,quemprofugisseexproelioscripsi,cuminpotestatemvenissetEpasnactiArverni", + "en": "At the same time, Luterius, who, I have related, had escaped from the battle, having fallen into the hands of Epasnactus, an Arvernian" + }, + { + "id": 7979, + "la": "(crebroenimmutandislocismultorumfideisecommittebat,quodnusquamdiutiussinepericulocommoraturusvidebatur,cumsibiconsciusesset,quaminimicumdeberetCaesaremhabere),", + "en": "(for he frequently changed his quarters, and threw himself on the honor of several persons, as he saw that he dare not remain long in one place, and was conscious how great an enemy he deserved to have in Caesar)" + }, + { + "id": 7980, + "la": "huncEpasnactusArvernus,amicissimuspopuliRomani,sinedubitationeullavinctumadCaesaremdeduxit", + "en": "was by this Epasnactus, the Arvernian, a sincere friend of the Roman people, delivered without any hesitation, a prisoner to Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 7981, + "la": "LabienusinteriminTreverisequestreproeliumfacitsecundumcompluribusqueTreverisinterfectisetGermanis,quinullisadversusRomanosauxiliadenegabant,principeseorumvivosredigitinsuampotestatem", + "en": "In the mean time, Labienus engages in a successful cavalry action among the Treviri ; and, having killed several of them and of the Germans, who never refused their aid to any person against the Romans, he got their chiefs alive into his power," + }, + { + "id": 7982, + "la": "atqueinhisSurumAeduum,quietvirtutisetgenerissummamnobilitatemhabebatsolusqueexAeduisadidtempuspermanseratinarmis", + "en": "and, among them, Surus, an Aeduan, who was highly renowned both for his valor and birth, and was the only Aeduan that had continued in arms till that time." + }, + { + "id": 7983, + "la": "EarecognitaCaesar,cuminomnibuspartibusGalliaebeneresgerivideretiudicaretquesuperioribusaestivisGalliamdevictamsubactamqueesse,Aquitaniamnumquamadisset,perPubliumCrassumquadamexpartedevicisset,cumduabuslegionibusineampartemGalliaeestprofectus,utibiextremumtempusconsumeretaestivorum", + "en": "Caesar, being informed of this, and perceiving that he had met with good success in all parts of Gaul, and reflecting that, in former campaigns [Celtic] Gaul had been conquered and subdued; but that he had never gone in person to Aquitania , but had made a conquest of it, in some degree, by Marcus Crassus, set out for it with two legions, designing to spend the latter part of the summer there" + }, + { + "id": 7984, + "la": "Quamremsicuticeteraceleriterfeliciterqueconfecit.NamqueomnesAquitaniaecivitateslegatosadCaesaremmiseruntobsidesqueeidederunt", + "en": "This affair he executed with his usual dispatch and good fortune. For all the states of Aquitania sent embassadors to him and delivered hostages." + }, + { + "id": 7985, + "la": "QuibusrebusgestisipseequitumpraesidioNarbonemprofectusest,exercitumperlegatosinhibernadeduxit:", + "en": "These affairs being concluded, he marched with a guard of cavalry toward Narbo , and drew off his army into winter quarters by his lieutenants." + }, + { + "id": 7986, + "la": "quattuorlegionesinBelgiocollocavitcumM.AntonioetC.TrebonioetP.Vatiniolegatis,duaslegionesinAeduosdeduxit,quoruminomniGalliasummamesseauctoritatemsciebat,duasinTuronisadfinesCarnutumposuit,quaeomnemillamregionemconiunctamOceanocontinerent,duasreliquasinLemovicumfinibusnonlongeabArvernis,nequaparsGalliaevacuaabexercituesset", + "en": "He posted four legions in the country of the Belgae, under Marcus Antonius, Caius Trebonius, Publius Vatinius, and Quintus Tullius, his lieutenants. Two he detached to the Aedui, knowing them to have a very powerful influence throughout all Gaul. Two he placed among the Turoni , near the confines of the Carnutes, to keep in awe the entire tract of country bordering on the ocean; the other two he placed in the territories of the Lemovices , at a small distance from the Arverni, that no part of Gaul might be without an army." + }, + { + "id": 7987, + "la": "Paucosdiesipseinprovinciamoratus,cumceleriteromnesconventuspercucurrisset,publicascontroversiascognosset,", + "en": "Having spent a few days in the province, he quickly ran through all the business of the assizes, settled all public disputes," + }, + { + "id": 7988, + "la": "benemeritispraemiatribuisset(cognoscendienimmaximamfacultatemhabebat,qualiquisquefuissetanimointotiusGalliaedefectione,quamsustinueratfidelitateatqueauxiliisprovinciaeillius),", + "en": "and distributed rewards to the most deserving; for he had a good opportunity of learning how every person was disposed toward the republic during the general revolt of Gaul, which he had withstood by the fidelity and assistance of the Province." + }, + { + "id": 7989, + "la": "hisconfectisrebusadlegionesinBelgiumserecipithibernatqueNemetocennae", + "en": "Having finished these affairs, he returned to his legions among the Belgae and wintered at Nemetocenna :" + }, + { + "id": 7990, + "la": "IbicognoscitCommiumAtrebatemproeliocumequitatusuocontendisse", + "en": "there he got intelligence that Comius, the Atrebatian had had an engagement with his cavalry." + }, + { + "id": 7991, + "la": "NamcumAntoniusinhibernavenisset,civitasqueAtrebatuminofficioesset,Commius,quipostillamvulnerationem,quamsupracommemoravi,semperadomnesmotusparatussuiscivibusesseconsuesset,neconsiliabelliquaerentibusauctorarmorumduxquedeesset,", + "en": "For when Antonius had gone into winter quarters, and the state of the Atrebates continued in their allegiance, Comius, who, after that wound which I before mentioned, was always ready to join his countrymen upon every commotion, that they might not want a person to advise and head them in the management of the war," + }, + { + "id": 7992, + "la": "parenteRomaniscivitatecumsuisequitibuslatrociniissesuosquealebatinfestisqueitineribuscommeatuscomplures,quicomportabanturinhibernaRomanorum,intercipiebat", + "en": "when his state submitted to the Romans, supported himself and his adherents on plunder by means of his cavalry, infested the roads, and intercepted several convoys which were bringing provisions to the Roman quarters." + }, + { + "id": 7993, + "la": "EratattributusAntoniopraefectusequitumC.VolusenusQuadratusquicumeohibernaret.HuncAntoniusadpersequendumequitatumhostiummittit", + "en": "Caius Volusenus Quadratus was appointed commander of the horse under Antonius, to winter with him: Antonius sent him in pursuit of the enemy's cavalry;" + }, + { + "id": 7994, + "la": "Volusenusadeamvirtutem,quaesingulariseratineo,magnumodiumCommiadiungebat,quolibentiusidfaceretquodimperabatur.Itaquedispositisinsidiissaepiusequiteseiusadgressussecundaproeliafaciebat", + "en": "now Volusenus added to that valor which was pre-eminent in him, a great aversion to Comius, on which account he executed the more willingly the orders which he received. Having, therefore, laid ambuscades, he had several encounters with his cavalry and came off successful." + }, + { + "id": 7995, + "la": "Novissime,cumvehementiuscontenderetur,acVolusenusipsiusintercipiendiCommicupiditatepertinaciuseumcumpaucisinsecutusesset,illeautemfugavehementiVolusenumproduxissetlongius,inimicushominisuoruminvocatfidematqueauxilium,nesuavulneraperfidemimpositapaterenturimpunita,conversoqueequoseaceterisincautiuspermittitinpraefectum", + "en": "At last, when a violent contest ensued, and Volusenus, through eagerness to intercept Comius, had obstinately pursued him with a small party; and Comius had, by the rapidity of his flight, drawn Volusenus to a considerable distance from his troops, he, on a sudden, appealed to the honor of all about him for assistance not to suffer the wound, which he had perfidiously received, to go without vengeance; and, wheeling his horse about, rode unguardedly before the rest up to the commander." + }, + { + "id": 7996, + "la": "Faciunthocidemomneseiusequitespaucosquenostrosconvertuntatqueinsequuntur", + "en": "All his horse following his example, made a few of our men turn their backs and pursued them" + }, + { + "id": 7997, + "la": "CommiusincensumcalcaribusequumconiungitequoQuadratilanceaqueinfestamagnisviribusmediumfemurtraicitVoluseni", + "en": "Comius, clapping spurs to his horse, rode up to Volusenus, and, pointing his lance, pierced him in the thigh with great force." + }, + { + "id": 7998, + "la": "Praefectovulneratonondubitantnostriresistereetconversisequishostempellere", + "en": "When their commander was wounded, our men no longer hesitated to make resistance, and, facing about, beat back the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 7999, + "la": "Quodubiaccidit,complureshostiummagnonostrorumimpetuperculsivulneranturacpartiminfugaproteruntur,partimintercipiuntur;quodmalumduxequivelocitateevitavit:graviteradeovulneratuspraefectus,utvitaepericulumaditurusvideretur,referturincastra", + "en": "When this occurred, several of the enemy, repulsed by the great impetuosity of our men, were wounded, and some were trampled to death in striving to escape, and some were made prisoners. Their general escaped this misfortune by the swiftness of his horse. Our commander, being severely wounded, so much so that he appeared to run the risk of losing his life, was carried back to the camp." + }, + { + "id": 8000, + "la": "CommiusautemsiveexpiatosuodoloresivemagnaparteamissasuorumlegatosadAntoniummittitsequeetibifuturum,ubipraescripserit,eteafacturum,quaeimperarit,obsidibusfirmat;", + "en": "But Comius, having either gratified his resentment, or, because he had lost the greatest part of his followers, sent embassadors to Antonius, and assured him that he would give hostages as a security that he would go wherever Antonius should prescribe, and would comply with his orders," + }, + { + "id": 8001, + "la": "unumilludorat,uttimorisuoconcedatur,neinconspectumveniatcuiusquamRomani.CuiuspostulationemAntoniuscumiudicaretabiustonascitimore,veniampetentidedit,obsidesaccepit", + "en": "and only entreated that this concession should be made to his fears, that he should not be obliged to go into the presence of any Roman. As Antonius judged that his request originated in a just apprehension, he indulged him in it and accepted his hostages." + }, + { + "id": 8002, + "la": "ScioCaesaremsingulorumannorumsinguloscommentariosconfecisse;quodegononexistimavimihiessefaciendum,proptereaquodinsequensannus,L.PauloC.Marcelloconsulibus,nullashabetmagnopereGalliaeresgestas", + "en": "Caesar, I know, has made a separate commentary of each year's transactions, which I have not thought it necessary for me to do, because the following year, in which Lucius Paulus and Caius Marcellus were consuls, produced no remarkable occurrences in Gaul." + }, + { + "id": 8003, + "la": "Nequistamenignoraret,quibusinlocisCaesarexercitusqueeotemporefuissent,paucaessescribendaconiungendaquehuiccommentariostatui", + "en": "But that no person may be left in ignorance of the place where Caesar and his army were at that time, have thought proper to write a few words in addition to this commentary." + }, + { + "id": 8004, + "la": "CaesarinBelgiocumhiemaret,unumilludpropositumhabebat,continereinamicitiacivitates,nullispemautcausamdarearmorum", + "en": "Caesar, while in winter quarters in the country of the Belgae, made it his only business to keep the states in amity with him, and to give none either hopes of, or pretext for a revolt." + }, + { + "id": 8005, + "la": "Nihilenimminusvolebatquamsubdecessusuonecessitatemsibialiquamimponibelligerendi,ne,cumexercitumdeducturusesset,bellumaliquodrelinquereturquodomnisGallialibentersinepraesentipericulosusciperet", + "en": "For nothing was further from his wishes than to be under the necessity of engaging in another war at his departure; lest, when he was drawing his army out of the country, any war should be left unfinished, which the Gauls would cheerfully undertake, when there was no immediate danger." + }, + { + "id": 8006, + "la": "Itaquehonorificecivitatesappellando,principesmaximispraemiisadficiendo,nullaonerainiungendodefessamtotadversisproeliisGalliamcondicioneparendimeliorefacileinpacecontinuit", + "en": "Therefore, by treating the states with respect, making rich presents to the leading men, imposing no new burdens, and making the terms of their subjection lighter, he easily kept Gaul (already exhausted by so many unsuccessful battles) in obedience." + }, + { + "id": 8007, + "la": "IpsehibernisperactiscontraconsuetudineminItaliamquammaximisitineribusestprofectus,utmunicipiaetcoloniasappellaret,quibusM.Antoniquaestorissui,commendaveratsacerdotipetitionem", + "en": "When the winter quarters were broken up he himself, contrary to his usual practice, proceeded to Italy, by the longest possible stages, in order to visit the free towns and colonies, that he might recommend to them the petition of Marcus Antonius, his treasurer, for the priesthood." + }, + { + "id": 8008, + "la": "Contendebatenimgratiacumlibenterprohominesibiconiunctissimo,quempauloantepraemiseratadpetitionem,tumacritercontrafactionemetpotentiampaucorum,quiM.AntonirepulsaCaesarisdecedentisgratiamconvellerecupiebant", + "en": "For he exerted his interest both cheerfully in favor of a man strongly attached to him, whom he had sent home before him to attend the election, and zealously to oppose the faction and power of a few men, who, by rejecting Marcus Antonius, wished to undermine Caesar's influence when going out of office." + }, + { + "id": 8009, + "la": "HuncetsiaugurempriusfactumquamItaliamattingeretinitinereaudierat,tamennonminusiustamsibicausammunicipiaetcoloniasadeundiexistimavit,uteisgratiasageret,quodfrequentiamatqueofficiumsuumAntoniopraestitissent,", + "en": "Though Caesar heard on the road, before he reached Italy that he was created augur, yet he thought himself in honor bound to visit the free towns and colonies, to return them thanks for rendering such service to Antonius by their presence in such great numbers" + }, + { + "id": 8010, + "la": "simulqueseethonoremsuumsequentisannicommendaret,proptereaquodinsolenteradversariisuigloriarenturL.LentulumetC.MarcellumconsulescreatosquiomnemhonoremetdignitatemCaesarisspoliarent,ereptumSer.Galbaeconsulatum,cumismultoplusgratiasuffragiisquevaluisset,quodsibiconiunctusetfamiliaritateetconsuetudinelegationisesset", + "en": "and at the same time to recommend to them himself, and his honor in his suit for the consulate the ensuing year. For his adversaries arrogantly boasted that Lucius Lentulus and Caius Marcellus had been appointed consuls, who would strip Caesar of all honor and dignity: and that the consulate had been injuriously taken from Sergius Galba, though he had been much superior in votes and interest, because he was united to Caesar, both by friendship, and by serving as lieutenant under him." + }, + { + "id": 8011, + "la": "ExceptusestCaesarisadventusabomnibusmunicipiisetcoloniisincredibilihonoreatqueamore", + "en": "Caesar, on his arrival, was received by the principal towns and colonies with incredible respect and affection;" + }, + { + "id": 8012, + "la": "TumprimumenimveniebatabillouniversaeGalliaebello.Nihilrelinquebaturquodadornatumportarum,itinerum,locorumomniumquaCaesarituruseratexcogitaripoterat", + "en": "for this was the first time he came since the war against united Gaul. Nothing was omitted which could be thought of for the ornament of the gates, roads, and every place through which Caesar was to pass." + }, + { + "id": 8013, + "la": "Cumliberisomnismultitudoobviamprocedebat,hostiaeomnibuslocisimmolabantur,tricliniisstratisforatemplaqueoccupabantur,utvelexspectatissimitriumphilaetitiapraecipiposset.Tantaeratmagnificentiaapudopulentiores,cupiditasapudhumiliores", + "en": "All the people with their children went out to meet him. Sacrifices were offered up in every quarter. The market places and temples were laid out with entertainments, as if anticipating the joy of a most splendid triumph. So great was the magnificence of the richer and zeal of the poorer ranks of the people." + }, + { + "id": 8014, + "la": "CumomnesregionesGalliaetogataeCaesarpercucurrisset,summaceleritateadexercitumNemetocennamrediitlegionibusqueexomnibushibernisadfinesTreverorumevocatiseoprofectusestibiqueexercitumlustravit", + "en": "When Caesar had gone through all the states of Cisalpine Gaul, he returned with the greatest haste to the army at Nemetocenna ; and having ordered all his legions to march from winter quarters to the territories of the Treviri , he went thither and reviewed them." + }, + { + "id": 8015, + "la": "T.LabienumGalliaetogataepraefecit,quomaiorecommendationeconciliareturadconsulatuspetitionem.Ipsetantumitinerumfaciebat,quantumsatisesseadmutationemlocorumproptersalubritatemexistimabat", + "en": "He made Titus Labienus governor of Cisalpine Gaul, that he might be the more inclined to support him in his suit for the consulate. He himself made such journeys as he thought would conduce to the health of his men by change of air;" + }, + { + "id": 8016, + "la": "IbiquamquamcrebroaudiebatLabienumabinimicissuissollicitaricertiorquefiebatidagipaucorumconsiliis,utinterpositasenatusauctoritatealiquaparteexercitusspoliaretur,tamennequedeLabienocrediditquidquamnequecontrasenatusauctoritatemutaliquidfaceretpotuitadduci.Iudicabatenimliberissententiispatrumconscriptorumcausamsuamfacileobtineri", + "en": "and though he was frequently told that Labienus was solicited by his enemies, and was assured that a scheme was in agitation by the contrivance of a few, that the senate should interpose their authority to deprive him of a part of his army; yet he neither gave credit to any story concerning Labienus, nor could be prevailed upon to do any thing in opposition to the authority of the senate; for he thought that his cause would be easily gained by the free voice of the senators." + }, + { + "id": 8017, + "la": "NamC.Curio,tribunusplebis,cumCaesariscausamdignitatemquedefendendamsuscepisset,saepeeratsenatuipollicitus,siquemtimorarmorumCaesarislaederet,etquoniamPompeidominatioatquearmanonminimumterroremforoinferrent,discederetuterqueabarmisexercitusquedimitteret:foreeofactoliberametsuiiuriscivitatem", + "en": "For Caius Curio, one of the tribunes of the people, having undertaken to defend Caesar's cause and dignity, had often proposed to the senate, \"that if the dread of Caesar's arms rendered any apprehensive, as Pompey's authority and arms were no less formidable to the forum, both should resign their command, and disband their armies. That then the city would be free, and enjoy its due rights.\"" + }, + { + "id": 8018, + "la": "Nequehoctantumpollicitusest,sedetiampersediscessionemfacerecoepit;quodnefieretconsulesamiciquePompeiiusseruntatqueitaremmorandodiscusserunt", + "en": "And he not only proposed this, but of himself called upon the senate to divide on the question. But the consuls and Pompey's friends interposed to prevent it; and regulating matters as they desired, they broke up the meeting." + }, + { + "id": 8019, + "la": "Magnumhoctestimoniumsenatuseratuniversiconveniensquesuperiorifacto.NamMarcellusproximoanno,cumimpugnaretCaesarisdignitatem,contralegemPompeietCrassirettuleratantetempusadsenatumdeCaesarisprovinciis,sententiisquedictisdiscessionemfacienteMarcello,quisibiomnemdignitatemexCaesarisinvidiaquaerebat,senatusfrequensinaliaomniatransiit", + "en": "This testimony of the unanimous voice of the senate was very great, and consistent with their former conduct; for the preceding year, when Marcellus attacked Caesar's dignity, he proposed to the senate, contrary to the law of Pompey and Crassus, to dispose of Caesar's province, before the expiration of his command, and when the votes were called for, and Marcellus, who endeavored to advance his own dignity, by raising envy against Caesar, wanted a division, the full senate went over to the opposite side." + }, + { + "id": 8020, + "la": "QuibusnonfrangebanturanimiinimicorumCaesaris,sedadmonebanturquomaiorespararentnecessitates,quibuscogipossetsenatusidprobare,quodipsiconstituissent", + "en": "The spirit of Caesar's foes was not broken by this, but it taught them, that they ought to strengthen their interest by enlarging their connections, so as to force the senate to comply with whatever they had resolved on." + }, + { + "id": 8021, + "la": "Fitdeindesenatusconsultum,utadbellumParthicumlegiounaaCn.Pompeio,alteraaC.Caesaremitteretur;nequeobscureduaelegionesunidetrahuntur", + "en": "After this a decree was passed by the senate, that one legion should be sent by Pompey, and another by Caesar, to the Parthian war. But these two legions were evidently drawn from Caesar alone" + }, + { + "id": 8022, + "la": "NamCn.Pompeiuslegionemprimam,quamadCaesaremmiserat,confectamexdelectuprovinciaeCaesaris,eamtamquamexsuonumerodedit", + "en": "For the first legion which Pompey sent to Caesar, he gave Caesar, as if it belonged to himself, though it was levied in Caesar's province" + }, + { + "id": 8023, + "la": "Caesartamen,cumdevoluntateminimedubiumessetadversariorumsuorum,Pompeiolegionemremisitetsuonominequintamdecimam,quaminGalliaciteriorehabuerat,exsenatusconsultoiubettradi.IneiuslocumtertiamdecimamlegioneminItaliammittitquaepraesidiatueretur,exquibuspraesidiisquintadecimadeducebatur", + "en": "Caesar, however, though no one could doubt the design of his enemies, sent the legion back to Cneius Pompey, and in compliance with the decree of the senate, ordered the fifteenth, belonging to himself, and which was quartered inCisalpine Gaul, to be delivered up. In its room he sent the thirteenth into Italy, to protect the garrisons from which he had drafted the fifteenth." + }, + { + "id": 8024, + "la": "Ipseexercituidistribuithiberna:C.TreboniumcumlegionibusquattuorinBelgiocollocat,C.FabiumcumtotideminAeduosdeducit", + "en": "He disposed his army in winter quarters, placed Caius Trebonius, with four legions among the Belgae, and detached Caius Fabius, with four more, to the Aedui;" + }, + { + "id": 8025, + "la": "SicenimexistimabattutissimamforeGalliam,siBelgae,quorummaximavirtus,Aedui,quorumauctoritassummaesset,exercitibuscontinerentur.IpseinItaliamprofectusest", + "en": "for he thought that Gaul would be most secure, if the Belgae, a people of the greatest valor, and the Aedui, who possessed the most powerful influence, were kept in awe by his armies." + }, + { + "id": 8026, + "la": "Quocumvenisset,cognoscitperC.Marcellumconsulemlegionesduasabseremissas,quaeexsenatusconsultodeberentadParthicumbellumduci,Cn.PompeiotraditasatqueinItaliaretentasesse", + "en": "He himself set out for Italy; where he was informed on his arrival, that the two legions sent home by him, and which by the senate's decree, should have been sent to the Parthian war, had been delivered over to Pompey, by Caius Marcellus the consul, and were retained in Italy." + }, + { + "id": 8027, + "la": "Hocfactoquamquamnullieratdubium,quidnamcontraCaesarempararetur,tamenCaesaromniapatiendaessestatuit,quoadsibispesaliquarelinquereturiurepotiusdisceptandiquambelligerendi", + "en": "Although from this transaction it was evident to every one that war was designed against Caesar, yet he resolved to submit to any thing, as long as there were hopes left of deciding the dispute in an equitable manner, rather than to have recourse to arms." + }, + { + "id": 8028, + "la": "Ita partim precibus partim vi bene magna comparata manu provinciam vastare", + "en": "Having in this way mustered a good large force, partly by entreaties, partly by violent measures, he was now playing havoc with the province." + }, + { + "id": 8029, + "la": "Quibus in rebus non nullae civitates sua sponte auxilia mittebant, item non nullae portas contra cludebant", + "en": "In these circumstances some states sent reinforcements of their own accord, while on the other hand some shut their gates against him." + }, + { + "id": 8030, + "la": "Ex quibus si qua oppida vi ceperat, cum aliquis ex ea civitate optime de Cn Pompeio meritus civis esset, propter pecuniae magnitudinem alia qua ei inferebatur causa, ut eo de medio sublato ex eius pecunia latronum largitio fieret", + "en": "And if, whenever he took any of their towns by force, there was any rich citizen of that township who had deserved well of Cn. Pompeius, yet in view of his great wealth some other charge would always be brought against him, in order that he might be done away with and his money used to provide a handsome share-out for the plunderers." + }, + { + "id": 8031, + "la": "Ita paucis commoda ab hoste orta: eo maiores augebantur copiae", + "en": "This policy enabled a few men to reap profits on the enemy side, and their resources correspondingly increased;" + }, + { + "id": 8032, + "la": "Hoc crebrius nuntiis in Italiam missis civitates contrariae Pompeio auxilia sibi depostulabant", + "en": "whereas its effect upon the states opposed to Pompeius was to make them send more frequent messages to Italy urgently requesting assistance to be sent to them." + }, + { + "id": 8033, + "la": "C Caesar dictator tertio, designatus dictator quarto multis ante iter rebus confectis cum celeri festinatione ad bellum conficiendum in Hispaniam cum venisset,", + "en": "C. Caesar, who was now in his third dictatorship and had been appointed to a fourth, had had much business to complete before he took to the road; but this was now disposed of, and he had come post haste to Spain to finish off the war." + }, + { + "id": 8034, + "la": "legatique Cordubenses, qui a Cn Pompeio discessissent, Caesari obviam venissent, a quibus nuntiabatur nocturno tempore oppidum Cordubam capi posse, quod nec opinantibus adversariis eius provinciae potitus esset,", + "en": "Envoys from those in Corduba who had deserted the cause of Cn. Pompeius had met Caesar and now reported that the town of Corduba could be captured by night, because it was by surprise that Pompeius had mastered his rivals in that province," + }, + { + "id": 8035, + "la": "simulque quod tabellariis, qui a Cn Pompeio dispositi omnibus locis essent, qui certiorem Cn Pompeium de Caesaris adventu facerent, ipse suum eius adventus metum significasset, multa praeterea veri similia proponebant", + "en": "and moreover, Pompeius himself had revealed his own fears of Caesars arrival by the fact that he had posted couriers at all points to notify him of Caesars coming. They also advanced many other plausible reasons besides this." + }, + { + "id": 8036, + "la": "Quibus rebus adductus quos legatos ante exercitui praefecerat Q Pedium et Q Fabium Maximum de suo adventu facit certiores, utque sibi equitatus qui ex provincia fuisset praesidio esset", + "en": "Caesar was thereby encouraged and informed Q. Pedius and Q. Fabius Maximus, the two officers he had previously appointed to command his army, that he had arrived, adding instructions that the cavalry which had been raised in the province should support him." + }, + { + "id": 8037, + "la": "Ad quos celerius quam ipsi opinati sunt appropinquavit neque, ut ipse voluit, equitatum sibi praesidio habuit", + "en": "But he came up with them more expeditiously than they themselves anticipated, and so did not have the cavalry to support him as he himself had wished." + }, + { + "id": 8038, + "la": "Erat idem temporis Sex Pompeius frater qui cum praesidio Cordubam tenebat, quod eius provinciae caput esse existimabatur; ipse autem Cn Pompeius adulescens Uliam oppidum oppugnabat et fere iam aliquot mensibus ibi detinebatur", + "en": "At the same time there was the brother, Sextus Pompeius, who was holding Corduba with a garrison force, that town being regarded as the capital of the province; whereas the young Cn. Pompeius himself was attacking the town of Ulia, and had now been engaged there for some months or so." + }, + { + "id": 8039, + "la": "Quo ex oppido cognito Caesaris adventu legati clam praesidia Cn Pompei Caesarem cum adissent, petere coeperunt uti sibi primo quoque tempore subsidium mitteret", + "en": "On learning of Caesars arrival, envoys left this town unbeknown to Cn. Pompeius outposts, came to Caesar, and proceeded to entreat him to send them help at the earliest opportunity." + }, + { + "id": 8040, + "la": "Caesar'eam civitatem omni tempore optime de populo Romano meritam esse'celeriter sex cohortis secunda vigilia iubet proficisci, pari equites numero", + "en": "Caesar, who was aware that the township in question had always deserved well of the Roman people, promptly gave orders that six infantry cohorts and a corresponding number of cavalry should set out at the second watch;" + }, + { + "id": 8041, + "la": "Quibus praefecit hominem eius provinciae notum et non parum scientem, L Vibium Paciaecum", + "en": "and in command of them he put L. Vibius Paciaecus, a well-known member of that province, and one that knew it pretty well.1" + }, + { + "id": 8042, + "la": "Qui cum ad Cn Pompei praesidia venisset, incidit idem temporis ut tempestate adversa vehementique vento adflictaretur; aditusque vis tempestatis ita obscurabat ut vix proximum agnoscere posset", + "en": "Now it so chanced that at the very time he came to Cn. Pompeius outposts he was beset by bad weather and a violent gale. So severe was the storm and so dark did it make the approaches to the town that they could scarcely recognise their next-door neighbours." + }, + { + "id": 8043, + "la": "Cuius incommodum summam utilitatem ipsis praebebat", + "en": "To them indeed this drawback proved of the utmost advantage." + }, + { + "id": 8044, + "la": "Ita cum ad eum locum venerunt, iubet binos equites conscendere, et recta per adversariorum praesidia ad oppidum contendunt", + "en": "And so, when they had got thus far, he bade the horsemen go up in file,2 and they pushed rapidly forward to the town straight through their opponents positions." + }, + { + "id": 8045, + "la": "Mediisque eorum praesidiis cum essent, cum quaereretur qui essent, unus ex nostris respondit, ut sileat verbum facere: nam id temporis conari ad murum accedere, ut oppidum capiant;", + "en": "When they were in the middle of their positions someone asked who they were; and one of our men told the questioner to hold his tongue: just at the moment they were trying to come up to the wall so as to capture the town." + }, + { + "id": 8046, + "la": "et partim tempestate impediti vigiles non poterant diligentiam praestare, partim illo responso deterrebantur", + "en": "It was in fact partly the disconcerting effect of this reply, partly the difficulties of the storm, which prevented the sentries from displaying proper attention to their duties." + }, + { + "id": 8047, + "la": "Cum ad portam appropinquassent, signo dato ab oppidanis sunt recepti, et pedites dispositi partim ibi remanserunt, equites clamore facto eruptionem in adversariorum castra fecerunt", + "en": "When they came up to the gate they gave the pass-word and were admitted by the townsfolk: the infantry were deployed in various sectors of the town and stayed inside, while the cavalry raised a shout and sallied forth against the enemy camp." + }, + { + "id": 8048, + "la": "Sic in illo facto, cum inscientibus accidisset, existimabant prope magna pars hominum qui in his castris fuissent se prope captos esse", + "en": "Thus, in the course of this operation, which had taken the enemy unawares, well nigh the majority of the troops in this camp thought they were as good as captured." + }, + { + "id": 8049, + "la": "Hoc misso ad Uliam praesidio Caesar, ut Pompeium ab ea oppugnatione deduceret, ad Cordubam contendit, ex quo itinere loricatos viros fortis cum equitatu ante praemisit", + "en": "Having despatched this relief force to Ulia, Caesar marched to Corduba with the object of inducing Pompeius to abandon his assault of Ulia; and while on the march he sent on ahead some heavy-armed infantry troops'brave soldiers'accompanied by cavalry." + }, + { + "id": 8050, + "la": "Qui simul in conspectum oppidi se dederunt, cum equis recipiuntur, hoc a Cordubensibus nequaquam poterat animadverti", + "en": "No sooner had they come within sight of the town than they all took to the horses; but this manoeuvre it was quite impossible for the men of Corduba to observe." + }, + { + "id": 8051, + "la": "Appropinquantibus ex oppido bene magna multitudo ad equitatum concidendum cum exissent, loricati, ut supra scripsimus, ex equis descenderunt et magnum proelium fecerunt, sic uti ex infinita hominum multitudine pauci in oppidum se reciperent", + "en": "Now as they were approaching Corduba, a good large force came out of the town to cut the cavalry to pieces, and the heavy-armed infantry we have just mentioned now dismounted. They then fought a great battle, to such effect that out of that countless host but few men retired back into the town." + }, + { + "id": 8052, + "la": "Hoc timore adductus Sex Pompeius litteras fratri misit ut celeriter sibi subsidio veniret, ne prius Caesar Cordubam caperet quam ipse illo venisset", + "en": "In his alarm at this reverse Sextus Pompeius was constrained to send a despatch to his brother urging him to come promptly to his aid, to prevent Caesars capturing Corduba before Gnaeus himself could arrive there." + }, + { + "id": 8053, + "la": "Itaque Cn Pompeius Ulia prope capta litteris fratris excitus cum copiis ad Cordubam iter facere coepit", + "en": "Accordingly, though Cn. Pompeius had almost captured Ulia, he was disturbed by his brothers despatch and proceeded to march to Corduba with his forces." + }, + { + "id": 8054, + "la": "Caesar, cum ad flumen Baetim venisset neque propter altitudinem fluminis transire posset, lapidibus corbis plenos demisit: insuper ponit trabes; ita ponte facto copias ad castra tripertito traduxit", + "en": "When Caesar came to the river Baetis he could not cross it owing to the depth of the stream; so he lowered into it wicker baskets filled with stones, laid beams on top of them, and thus made a bridge, by which he brought his forces across to a camp divided into three sections." + }, + { + "id": 8055, + "la": "Tendebat adversum oppidum e regione pontis, ut supra scripsimus, tripertito", + "en": "He was now encamped over against the town in the area of the bridge, and his camp was, as we have just mentioned, divided into three sections." + }, + { + "id": 8056, + "la": "Huc cum Pompeius cum suis copiis venisset, ex adverso pari ratione castra ponit", + "en": "When Pompeius arrived there with his forces he pitched a camp on the same principle on the opposite side." + }, + { + "id": 8057, + "la": "Caesar, ut eum ab oppido commeatuque excluderet, bracchium ad pontem ducere coepit: pari idem condicione Pompeius facit", + "en": "In order to cut him off from the town and the supplies it afforded, Caesar began to carry a line of fortifications to the bridge,1 and Pompeius adopted tactics on similar lines." + }, + { + "id": 8058, + "la": "Hic inter duces duos fit contentio uter prius pontem occuparet; ex qua contentione cotidiana minuta proelia fiebant, ut modo hi, non numquam illi superiores discederent", + "en": "Whereupon a race took place between the two commanders as to which of them should seize the bridge first; and this race gave rise to daily skirmishes on a small scale in which now our troops, now theirs, would come out on top." + }, + { + "id": 8059, + "la": "Quae res cum ad maiorem contentionem venisset, ab utrisque comminus pugna inita, dum cupidius locum student tenere, propter pontem coagulabantur, fluminis ripas appropinquantes coangustati praecipitabantur", + "en": "This situation had now developed into a more intensive struggle, and both sides being more passionately bent on holding their ground had embarked upon hand-to-hand fighting and formed a solid mass near the bridge; and as they approached the rivers banks they were flung headlong into it, packed tightly as they were." + }, + { + "id": 8060, + "la": "Hic alternis non solum morti mortem exaggerabant, sed tumulos tumulis exaequabant", + "en": "At this point the two sides vied with each other not merely in piling one death upon another but in matching mound of dead with mound.2" + }, + { + "id": 8061, + "la": "Ita diebus compluribus consumptis cupiebat Caesar, si qua condicione posset, adversarios in aequum locum deducere et primo quoque tempore de bello decernere", + "en": "Several days were passed in this fashion, and Caesar was anxious to bring his opponents down to favourable ground, if by any means he could do so, and fight a decisive action at the earliest opportunity." + }, + { + "id": 8062, + "la": "Id cum animadverteret adversarios minime velle, quo eos quomodo ab Ulia retraxerat in aequum deduceret, copiis flumine traductis noctu iubet ignis fieri magnos: ita firmissimum eius praesidium Ateguam proficiscitur", + "en": "Observing that his opponents were by no means willing to do this, Caesar led his forces across the river and ordered large fires to be lit at night, so as to entice them into the plain just as he had drawn them away from Ulia; and in this manner he set out for Ategua, the strongest garrison of Pompeius." + }, + { + "id": 8063, + "la": "Id cum Pompeius ex perfugis rescisset, qua die facultatem nactus est, relinquens montis et angustias, carra complura mulosque onustos retraxit et ad Cordubam se recepit", + "en": "When Pompeius got to know of this from deserters, on the first day that afforded him the opportunity he quitted the mountain passes and retired to Corduba with a numerous train of carts and laden mules." + }, + { + "id": 8064, + "la": "Caesar munitionibus Ateguam oppugnare et bracchia circumducere coepit", + "en": "Caesar began to assault Ategua by surrounding it with siege works and fortified lines." + }, + { + "id": 8065, + "la": "Cui de Pompeio cum nuntius esset allatus eo die proficisci, cuius in adventum praesidi causa Caesar complura castella occupasset, partim ubi equitatus, partim ubi pedestres copiae in statione et in excubitu castris praesidio esse possent, hic in adventu Pompei incidit ut matutino tempore nebula esset crassissima", + "en": "Now a message had been brought to him concerning Pompeius to the effect that he was setting out that day; and by way of safeguarding himself against Pompeius coming Caesar had occupied several forts where in some cases cavalry, in others infantry forces could be posted as outlying pickets and sentries to protect his camp: yet, in these circumstances, it so chanced that when Pompeius did arrive there was a very thick mist in the early morning." + }, + { + "id": 8066, + "la": "Ita illa obscuratione cum aliquot cohortibus et equitum turmis circumcludunt Caesaris equites et concidunt, sic ut vix in ea caede pauci effugerent", + "en": "And so in the resulting gloom the Pompeians surrounded Caesars cavalry with a number of infantry cohorts and squadrons of horse, and cut them up so severely that but few men barely managed to escape that massacre." + }, + { + "id": 8067, + "la": "Insequenti nocte castra sua incendit Pompeius et trans flumen Salsum per convallis castra inter duo oppida Ateguam et Ucubim in monte constituit", + "en": "The following night Pompeius burned his camp and, passing through the valleys on the far side2 of the river Salsum, established a camp on a hill between the two towns of Ategua and Ucubi." + }, + { + "id": 8068, + "la": "Caesar interim munitionibus ceterisque quae ad oppugnandum opus fuerunt perfectis aggerem vineasque agere instituit", + "en": "Meanwhile Caesar had completed his emplacements and all his other dispositions which were required for assaulting the town, and proceeded to carry forward a ramp furnished with mantlets." + }, + { + "id": 8069, + "la": "Haec loca sunt montuosa et natura impedita ad rem militarem; quae planitie dividuntur, Salso flumine, proxime tamen Ateguam ut flumen sit circiter passus duo milia", + "en": "Now this area is mountainous and offers natural obstructions to military operations: it is divided by a plain'the basin of the river Salsum'in such a way, however, that the river is nearest Ategua, the distance being about two miles." + }, + { + "id": 8070, + "la": "Ex ea regione oppidi in montibus castra habuit posita Pompeius in conspectu utrorumque oppidorum, neque suis ausus est subsidio venire", + "en": "It was in this direction, namely that of Ategua, that Pompeius had his camp pitched in the mountains in sight of both towns, without, however, venturing to come to the aid of his comrades." + }, + { + "id": 8071, + "la": "Aquilas et signa habuit XIII legionum;", + "en": "He had the eagles and standards of thirteen legions;" + }, + { + "id": 8072, + "la": "sed ex quibus aliquid firmamenti se existimabat habere duae fuerunt vernaculae, quae a Trebonio transfugerant;", + "en": "but among those which he thought afforded him any solid support two were native legions, having deserted from Trebonius;" + }, + { + "id": 8073, + "la": "una facta ex colonis qui fuerunt in his regionibus;", + "en": "a third had been raised from the local Roman settlers;" + }, + { + "id": 8074, + "la": "quarta fuit Afraniana ex Africa quam secum adduxerat;", + "en": "a fourth was one which was once commanded by Afranius and which Pompeius had brought with him from Africa2;" + }, + { + "id": 8075, + "la": "reliquae ex fugitivis auxiliariisve consistebant: nam de levi armatura et equitatu longe et virtute et numero nostri erant superiores", + "en": "while the rest were made up of runaways or auxiliaries. As for light-armed units and cavalry, our troops were in fact far superior both in quality and quantity." + }, + { + "id": 8076, + "la": "Accedebat huc, ut longius bellum duceret Pompeius, quod loca sunt edita et ad castrorum munitiones non parum idonea", + "en": "Besides this, there was another factor which prompted Pompeius to protract hostilities3'the hilly type of country by no means unsuitable for the fortification of camps." + }, + { + "id": 8077, + "la": "Nam fere totius ulterioris Hispaniae regio propter terrae fecunditatem et non minus copiosam aquationem inopem difficilemque habet oppugnationem", + "en": "In fact, practically the whole region of Further Spain, fertile as it is and correspondingly well watered, makes a siege a fruitless and difficult task." + }, + { + "id": 8078, + "la": "Hic etiam propter barbarorum crebras excursiones omnia loca quae sunt ab oppidis remota turribus et munitionibus retinentur, sicut in Africa, rudere, non tegulis teguntur; simulque in his habent speculas et propter altitudinem late longeque prospiciunt", + "en": "Here too, in view of the constant sallies of the natives, all places which are remote from towns are firmly held by towers and fortifications, as in Africa, roofed over with rough-cast, not tiles. Moreover, they have watch-towers in them, commanding a view far and wide by reason of their altitude." + }, + { + "id": 8079, + "la": "Item oppidorum magna pars eius provinciae montibus fere munita et natura excellentibus locis est constituta, ut simul aditus ascensusque habeat difficilis", + "en": "Again, a large proportion of the towns of this province are more or less protected by the mountains and are established in naturally elevated positions, with the result that the approach to them, involving as it does a simultaneous climb, proves a difficult task." + }, + { + "id": 8080, + "la": "Ita ab oppugnationibus natura loci distinentur, ut civitates Hispaniae non facile ab hoste capiantur; id quod in hoc contigit bello", + "en": "Thus it is their natural position that holds them aloof from sieges, and as a result the townships of Spain are no easy prey to an enemy, as proved to be the case in this war." + }, + { + "id": 8081, + "la": "Nam cum inter Ateguam et Ucubim, quae oppida supra sunt scripta, Pompeius habuit castra constituta in conspectu duorum oppidorum, ab suis castris circiter milia passuum IIII grumus est excellens natura, qui appellatur Castra Postumiana: ibi praesidi causa castellum Caesar habuit constitutum", + "en": "To take the present instance: Pompeius had his camp established between the above-mentioned towns of Ategua and Ucubi, in sight of both of them; and some four miles distant from his camp there lies a hillock'a natural elevation which goes by the name of the Camp of Postumius1; and there Caesar had established a fort for purposes of defence." + }, + { + "id": 8082, + "la": "Quod Pompeius, quod eodem iugo tegebatur loci natura et remotum erat a castris Caesaris, animadvertebat et, quia flumine Salso intercludebatur, non esse commissurum Caesarem ut in tanta loci difficultate ad subsidium mittendum se committeret", + "en": "Now Pompeius observed that this fort was screened by its natural position on the same ridge of hills and was some distance away from Caesars camp; and he further observed that Caesar, cut off as he was from it by the river Salsum, was not likely to let himself be committed to sending support, considering the very difficult character of the ground." + }, + { + "id": 8083, + "la": "Ita fretus opinione tertia vigilia profectus castellum oppugnare coepit", + "en": "Accordingly, with the courage of his convictions, he set out at the third watch and proceeded to attack the fort." + }, + { + "id": 8084, + "la": "Cum appropinquassent, clamore repentino telorumque multitudine iactus facere coeperunt, uti magnam partem hominum vulneribus adficerent", + "en": "On their approach they suddenly raised a shout and began to launch heavy volleys of missile weapons, with the result that they wounded a large proportion of the defenders." + }, + { + "id": 8085, + "la": "Quo peracto, cum ex castello repugnare coepissent maioribusque castris Caesari nuntius esset allatus, cum III legionibus est profectus, ut laborantibus succurreret nostris;", + "en": "Whereupon the latter began to fight back from the fort; and when the tidings were brought to Caesar in his main camp he set out with three legions to succour our hard-pressed troops." + }, + { + "id": 8086, + "la": "et cum ad eos appropinquasset, fuga perterriti multi sunt interfecti, complures capti, in quibus duo centuriones2:", + "en": "When he reached them the enemy retired in rout and panic,1 with many killed and several captured, including two centurions." + }, + { + "id": 8087, + "la": "multi praeterea armis exuti fugerunt, quorum scuta sunt relata LXXX", + "en": "Many in addition threw away their arms and fled, and eighty of their shields were brought back by our men." + }, + { + "id": 8088, + "la": "Insequenti luce Arguetius ex Italia cum equitatu venit", + "en": "On the following day Arguetius arrived with cavalry from Italy." + }, + { + "id": 8089, + "la": "Is signa Saguntinorum rettulit quinque, quae ab oppidanis cepit", + "en": "He brought with him five standards belonging to the men of Saguntia,2 which he took from the inhabitants of that town." + }, + { + "id": 8090, + "la": "Suo loco praeteritum est quod equites ex Italia cum Asprenate ad Caesarem venissent", + "en": "I omitted to mention in its proper place the arrival of the cavalry who came to Caesar from Italy with Asprenas." + }, + { + "id": 8091, + "la": "Ea nocte Pompeius castra sua incendit et ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit", + "en": "That night Pompeius burned his camp and proceeded to march towards Corduba.3" + }, + { + "id": 8092, + "la": "Rex nomine Indo, qui cum equitatu suas copias adduxerat, dum cupidius agmen adversariorum insequitur, a vernaculis legionariis exceptus est et interfectus", + "en": "A king named Indo, who had accompanied the cavalry, bringing with him troops of his own, pursued the enemys column somewhat too eagerly, and in the process was cut off and killed by troops of the native legions." + }, + { + "id": 8093, + "la": "Postero die equites nostri longius ad Cordubam versus prosecuti sunt eos qui commeatus ad castra Pompei ex oppido portabant", + "en": "On the next day our cavalry fared somewhat far afield in the direction of Corduba in pursuit of those who were carrying supplies from the town to Pompeius camp." + }, + { + "id": 8094, + "la": "Ex his capti L cum iumentis ad nostra adducti sunt castra", + "en": "Fifty of the latter were captured and brought with their pack animals to our camp." + }, + { + "id": 8095, + "la": "Eo die Q Marcius, tribunus militum qui fuit Pompei, ad nos transfugit; et noctis tertia vigilia in oppido acerrime pugnatum est, ignemque multum miserunt", + "en": "That day Q. Marcius, who was one of Pompeius military tribunes, deserted to us. At the third watch of the night there was very sharp fighting in the area of the town, and many fire-brands were discharged" + }, + { + "id": 8096, + "la": "Hoc praeterito tempore C Fundanius, eques Romanus, ex castris adversariorum ad nos transfugit", + "en": "Just before this time1 a Roman knight named C. Fundanius deserted to us from the enemy lines." + }, + { + "id": 8097, + "la": "Postero die ex legione vernacula milites sunt capti ab equitibus nostris duo, qui dixerunt se servos esse", + "en": "On the next day two soldiers from one of the native legions were captured by our cavalry: they asserted they were slaves." + }, + { + "id": 8098, + "la": "Cum venirent, cogniti sunt a militibus qui antea cum Fabio et Pedio fuerant, et a Trebonio transfugerant", + "en": "Immediately on their arrival they were recognised by troops who had formerly been with Fabius and Pedius and had deserted from Trebonius.2" + }, + { + "id": 8099, + "la": "Eis ad ignoscendum nulla facultas est data et a militibus nostris interfecti sunt", + "en": "No opportunity was afforded of reprieving them, and they were executed by our troops." + }, + { + "id": 8100, + "la": "Idem temporis capti tabellarii, qui a Corduba ad Pompeium missi erant perperamque ad nostra castra pervenerant, praecisis manibus missi sunt facti", + "en": "At the same time some couriers were captured who had been sent from Corduba to Pompeius and had come to our camp in error: their hands were cut off and they were then let go." + }, + { + "id": 8101, + "la": "Pari consuetudine vigilia secunda ex oppido ignem multum telorumque multitudinem iactando bene magnum tempus consumpserunt complurisque vulneribus adfecerunt", + "en": "At the second watch the enemy observed his usual custom of hurling from the town a large quantity of fire-brands and missiles, spending a good long time in the process and wounding a large number." + }, + { + "id": 8102, + "la": "Praeterito noctis tempore eruptionem ad legionem VI fecerunt, cum in opere nostri distenti essent, acriterque pugnare coeperunt; quorum vis repressa a nostris, etsi oppidani superiore loco defendebantur", + "en": "When the night had now passed they made a sally against the Sixth legion when our men were busily occupied on a field-work,3 and began a brisk engagement; but their sharp attack was contained by our troops despite the support which the townsmen derived from the higher ground." + }, + { + "id": 8103, + "la": "Hi cum eruptionem facere coepissent, tamen virtute militum nostrorum, etsi inferiore loco premebantur, repulsi adversarii bene multis vulneribus adfecti in oppidum se contulerunt", + "en": "Having once embarked upon their sally, our opponents were none the less repulsed by the gallantry of our troops, although the latter were labouring under the disadvantage of a lower position; and after sustaining very heavy casualties they withdrew back into the town." + }, + { + "id": 8104, + "la": "Postero die Pompeius ex castris suis bracchium coepit ad flumen Salsum ducere; et cum nostri equites pauci in statione fuissent a pluribus reperti, de statione sunt deiecti et occisi tres", + "en": "On the next day Pompeius began to carry a line of fortifications from his camp to the river Salsum; and when a few of our horsemen on outpost duty were discovered by the enemy, who were in greater strength, they were driven from their post, and three of them were killed." + }, + { + "id": 8105, + "la": "Eo die A Valgius, senatoris filius, cuius frater in castris Pompei fuisset, omnibus suis rebus relictis equum conscendit et fugit", + "en": "It was on that day that A. Valgius'his father was a senator and his brother was in Pompeius camp'left all his kit behind, mounted his horse and deserted." + }, + { + "id": 8106, + "la": "Speculator de legione II Pompeiana captus a militibus et interfectus est; idemque temporis glans missa est inscripta: quo die ad oppidum capiendum accederent, se scutum esse positurum", + "en": "A spy from the Second legion, on Pompeius side,1 was captured by our troops and put to death; and at the same time a sling-bullet was discharged which bore the following inscription: On the day you advance to capture the town I shall lay down my shield.2" + }, + { + "id": 8107, + "la": "Qua spe non nulli, dum sine periculo murum ascendere et oppido potiri posse se sperant, postero die ad murum opus facere coeperunt, et bene magna prioris muri parte deiecta", + "en": "This raised hopes in some of our men, who, feeling confident that they could now climb the wall and gain possession of the town without danger, proceeded on the next day to construct a field-work adjoining the wall; and having demolished a good large section of the first wall," + }, + { + "id": 8108, + "la": "Quibus respondit Caesar se condiciones dare, non accipere consuevisse", + "en": "Caesars reply to them was that his habit was to impose conditions, not to accept them." + }, + { + "id": 8109, + "la": "Qui cum in oppidum revertissent, relato responso clamore sublato omni genere telorum emisso pugnare pro muro toto coeperunt;", + "en": "On their return to the town with this reply, the inhabitants raised a shout, discharged volleys of missiles of all sorts, and went into action along the entire circuit of the battlements;" + }, + { + "id": 8110, + "la": "propter quod fere magna pars hominum qui in castris nostris essent non dubitarunt quin eruptionem eo die essent facturi", + "en": "and this led to a strong conviction among quite a large number of the men in our lines that they would make a sally that day." + }, + { + "id": 8111, + "la": "Ita corona circumdata pugnatum est aliquamdiu vehementissime, simulque ballista missa a nostris turrem deiecit, qua adversariorum qui in ea turre fuerant quinque deiecti sunt et puer, qui ballistam solitus erat observare", + "en": "As a result a cordon of troops was thrown round the town and very violent fighting went on for some time; in the course of which a missile was discharged by our men from a piece of heavy artillery and demolished a tower, knocking out five members of the enemy crew who manned it, as well as a slave whose regular duty it was to keep watch on that piece of artillery." + }, + { + "id": 8112, + "la": "Eius diei praeterito tempore Pompeius trans flumen Salsum castellum constituit neque a nostris prohibitus falsaque illa opinione gloriatus est quod prope in nostris partibus locum tenuisset", + "en": "Earlier on that day1 Pompeius established a fort across2 the river Salsum without meeting any opposition from our troops; and this put him under a misapprehension and led him to boast inasmuch as he had occupied a position which was as good as in our territory." + }, + { + "id": 8113, + "la": "Item insequenti die eadem consuetudine dum longius prosequitur, quo loco equites nostri stationem habuerant, aliquot turmae cum levi armatura impetu facto loco sunt deiecti et propter paucitatem nostrorum equitum simul cum levi armatura inter turmas adversariorum protriti", + "en": "Likewise on the following day he again pursued his usual tactics and made a fairly extensive sweep, in the course of which at one point where our cavalry were picketed several squadrons of ours with some light-armed troops were attacked and dislodged from their position; and then, because of their small numbers, both our horsemen and the light-armed troops were completely crushed amidst the squadrons of their opponents." + }, + { + "id": 8114, + "la": "Hoc in conspectu utrorumque castrorum gerebatur, et maiore Pompeiani exsultabant gloria longius quod nostris cedentibus prosequi coepissent", + "en": "This action took place in view of both camps, and now the Pompeians were boasting with yet greater triumph on the ground that they had begun to sweep further ahead while our men were retreating further back." + }, + { + "id": 8115, + "la": "Qui cum aequo loco a nostris recepti essent, ut consuessent, eximia virtute, clamore facto aversati sunt proelium facere", + "en": "But when on favourable ground our men took them on again with their customary outstanding gallantry, they cried out and refused to engage battle.1" + }, + { + "id": 8116, + "la": "Fere apud exercitus haec est equestris proeli consuetudo: cum eques ad dimicandum dimisso equo cum pedite congreditur, nequaquam par habetur; id quod contra in hoc accidit proelio", + "en": "With nearly all armies what normally happens in a cavalry battle is this: when a cavalryman is once dismounted and closes in with an infantryman to engage him, he is not by any means regarded as a match for the latter." + }, + { + "id": 8117, + "la": "Cum pedites levi armatura lecti ad pugnam equitibus nostris nec opinantibus venissent, idque in proelio animadversum esset, complures ex equis descenderunt", + "en": "However, it turned out quite otherwise in this battle. When picked light-armed infantry took our cavalry by surprise by coming forward to engage them, and when this manoeuvre was observed in the course of the fighting, quite a number of our horsemen dismounted." + }, + { + "id": 8118, + "la": "Ita exiguo tempore eques pedestre proelium facere coepit, usque eo ut caedem proxime a vallo fecerint", + "en": "As a result, in a short time our cavalry began to fight an infantry action, to such good purpose that they dealt death right up close to the rampart." + }, + { + "id": 8119, + "la": "In quo proelio adversariorum ceciderunt CXXIII, compluresque armis exuti, multi vulneribus adfecti in castra sunt redacti", + "en": "In this battle2 on our opponents side there fell one hundred and twenty-three men; and of those who were driven back to their camp not a few had been stripped of their arms and many were wounded." + }, + { + "id": 8120, + "la": "Nostri ceciderunt III; saucii XII pedites et equites V Eius diei insequenti tempore pristina consuetudine pro muro pugnari coeptum est", + "en": "On our side there fell three men: twelve infantrymen and five horsemen were wounded. Later on that day the old routine was observed and fighting broke out along the battlements." + }, + { + "id": 8121, + "la": "Cum bene magnam multitudinem telorum ignemque nostris defendentibus iniecissent, nefandum crudelissimumque facinus sunt aggressi in conspectuque nostro hospites qui in oppido erant iugulare et de muro praecipites mittere coeperunt, sicuti apud barbaros; quod post hominum memoriam numquam est factum", + "en": "After discharging a very large number of missile weapons and firebrands at our troops, who were on the defensive, the enemy embarked upon an abominable and completely ruthless outrage; for in our sight they proceeded to massacre some of their hosts1 in the town, and to fling them headlong from the battlements'a barbarous act, and one for which history can produce no precedent." + }, + { + "id": 8122, + "la": "Huius diei extremo tempore a Pompeianis clam nostros tabellarius est missus, ut ea nocte turris aggeremque incenderent et tertia vigilia eruptionem facerent", + "en": "In the closing hours of this day the Pompeians sent a courier, without the knowledge of our men, with instructions that in the course of that night those in the town should set our towers and rampart on fire and make a sally at the third watch." + }, + { + "id": 8123, + "la": "Ita igne telorumque multitudine iacta cum bene magnam partem noctis consumpsissent, portam quae e regione et in conspectu Pompei castrorum fuerat aperuerunt copiaeque totae eruptionem fecerunt secumque extulerunt virgulta, cratis ad fossas complendas et harpagones ad casas, quae stramenticiae ab nostris hibernorum causa aedificatae erant, diruendas et incendendas, praeterea argentum, vestimenta, ut, dum nostri in praeda detinentur, illi caede facta ad praesidia Pompei se reciperent:", + "en": "Accordingly, after they had hurled fire-brands and a quantity of missile weapons and spent a very large part of the night in so doing, they opened the gate which lay directly opposite Pompeius camp and was in sight of it, and made a sally with their entire forces. With them they brought out brushwood and hurdles to fill up the trenches, as well as hooks for demolishing and then burning the straw-thatched huts which had been built by our men to serve as winter quarters; they also brought silver and clothing besides, so that, while our men were busily engaged in looting it, they could wreak havoc upon them and then retire to Pompeius lines." + }, + { + "id": 8124, + "la": "nam quod existimabat eos posse conatum efficere, nocte tota ultra ibat flumen Salsum in acie", + "en": "For in the belief that they could carry through their enterprise he spent the whole night on the move in battle formation on the far side2 of the river Salsum." + }, + { + "id": 8125, + "la": "Quod factum licet nec opinantibus nostris esset gestum, tamen virtute freti repulsos multisque vulneribus adfectos oppido represserunt, praedam armaque eorum sunt potiti vivosque aliquos ceperunt, qui postero die sunt interfecti", + "en": "But although this operation had come as a surprise to our men, yet, relying on their valour, they repulsed the enemy, inflicted heavy casualties upon them, and drove them back to the town,3 taking possession of their booty and equipment and capturing some alive, who were put to death the next day." + }, + { + "id": 8126, + "la": "Eodemque tempore transfuga nuntiavit ex oppido Iunium, qui in cuniculo fuisset, iugulatione oppidanorum facta clamasse facinus se nefandum et scelus fecisse;", + "en": "It was at this same period that a deserter arrived from the town with the news that, after the massacre of the townsfolk, Junius, who had been in a mine,1 protested that it was an abominable crime and outrage that his people had committed;" + }, + { + "id": 8127, + "la": "nam eos nihil meruisse quare tali poena adficerentur qui eos ad aras et focos suos recepissent, eosque hospitium scelere contaminasse;", + "en": "for inasmuch as the burghers had given them the protection of their altars and hearths they had done nothing to deserve such punishment: rather had they themselves polluted hospitality by a crime." + }, + { + "id": 8128, + "la": "multa praeterea dixisse: qua oratione deterritos amplius iugulationem non fecisse", + "en": "Junius had said a lot more besides, according to the deserters account, and his words had frightened them and caused them to refrain from further massacres." + }, + { + "id": 8129, + "la": "Ita postero die Tullius legatus cum Catone et Antonio venit et apud Caesarem verba fecit:", + "en": "So the next day Tullius came as an envoy, accompanied by Cato and Antonius, and held talk with Caesar as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 8130, + "la": "Utinam quidem di immortales fecissent ut tuus potius miles quam Cn Pompei factus essem et hanc virtutis constantiam in tua victoria, non in illius calamitate praestarem", + "en": "Would indeed that the immortal gods had caused me to have become a soldier of yours, rather than one of Pompeius, and vouchsafed that I should now display this unflinching valour of mine on your victorious side, and not at his debacle." + }, + { + "id": 8131, + "la": "Cuius funestae laudes quoniam ad hanc fortunam reciderunt ut cives Romani indigentes praesidi simus et propter patriae luctuosam perniciem demur hostium numero, qui neque in illius prospera acie primam fortunam neque in adversa secundam obtinuimus, qui legionum tot impetus sustentantes, nocturnis diurnisque operibus gladiorum ictus telorumque missus exceptantes, relicti et deserti a Pompeio, tua virtute superati salutem a tua clementia deposcimus petimusque ut", + "en": "Now that his prestige, fraught with disaster, has slumped so far that in this our present plight we, citizens of Rome, not only stand in need of protection, but on account of the grievous calamity of our country are accorded the status of public enemies; we, who alike won no success either when at first fortune smiled upon his deeds of arms or later when she frowned upon them; we, who have constantly borne up under so many attacks of legions and have as constantly, in operations by day and night, formed targets for the thrusts of swords and the flight of missiles; we, who are now abandoned and forsaken by Pompeius and vanquished by your valour, do now earnestly entreat you in your mercy to save us, and beg you to . . ." + }, + { + "id": 8132, + "la": "Remissis legatis, cum ad portam venissent, introiit Tib Tullius; et cum introeuntem Catonem Antonius insecutus non esset, revertit ad portam et hominem apprehendit", + "en": "The envoys were now sent back and on their arrival at the gate Tiberius Tullius went inside; and when, as Cato was going in, Antonius failed to follow him, Cato2 turned back to the gate and grabbed the fellow." + }, + { + "id": 8133, + "la": "Quod Tiberius cum fieri animadvertit, simul pugionem eduxit et manum eius incidit", + "en": "Observing this action, Tiberius immediately drew a dagger and stabbed Catos hand." + }, + { + "id": 8134, + "la": "Ita refugerunt ad Caesarem", + "en": "So they3 fled back to Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 8135, + "la": "Eodemque tempore signifer de legione prima transfugit et innotuit, quo die equestre proelium factum esset, suo signo perisse homines XXXV, neque licere castris Cn Pompei nuntiare neque dicere perisse quemquam", + "en": "It was at this same time that a standard-bearer from the First legion deserted to us and it became known that on the day when the cavalry action was fought his own unit4 lost thirty-five men, but that they were not allowed to report this in Cn. Pompeius camp or to say that any man had been lost." + }, + { + "id": 8136, + "la": "Servus, cuius dominus in Caesaris castris fuisset'uxorem et filios in oppido reliquerat'dominum iugulavit et ita clam a Caesaris praesidiis in Pompei castra discessit et indicium glande scriptum misit, per quod certior fieret Caesar quae in oppido ad defendendum compararentur", + "en": "A slave, whose master was in Caesars camp'he had left his wife and sons behind in the town'murdered his master and then got away unobserved from Caesars lines to Pompeius camp . . . and he sent a message written on a bullet to apprise Caesar of the defence measures which were being taken in the town." + }, + { + "id": 8137, + "la": "Ita litteris acceptis, cum in oppidum revertisset qui mittere glandem inscriptam solebat", + "en": "Accordingly, when this message had been received, and the man who normally discharged the bullet bearing an inscription had returned to the town," + }, + { + "id": 8138, + "la": "Insequenti tempore duo Lusitani fratres transfugae nuntiarunt quam Pompeius contionem habuisset: quoniam oppido subsidio non posset venire, noctu ex adversariorum conspectu se deducerent ad mare versum;", + "en": "At a later period two brothers, Lusitanians, deserted and reported a speech which Pompeius had delivered, to the effect that, since he could not come to the assistance of the town, they must withdraw by night out of sight of their opponents in the direction of the sea." + }, + { + "id": 8139, + "la": "unum respondisse ut potius ad dimicandum descenderent quam signum fugae ostenderent; eum qui ita locutus esset iugulatum", + "en": "One man, according to this account, retorted that they should rather go into battle than display the signal for retreat; whereupon the author of this remark had his throat cut." + }, + { + "id": 8140, + "la": "Eodem tempore tabellarii eius deprensi qui ad oppidum veniebant: quorum litteras Caesar oppidanis obiecit et, qui vitam sibi peteret, iussit turrem ligneam oppidanorum incendere; id si fecisset, ei se promisit omnia concessurum", + "en": "At the same time some of Pompeius couriers were arrested on their way to the town. Caesar presented their despatches2 to the townsfolk and directed that any of the couriers who wanted his life to be spared must set fire to a wooden tower belonging to the townsfolk, undertaking to grant him complete amnesty if he did so." + }, + { + "id": 8141, + "la": "Quod difficile erat factu, ut eam turrem sine periculo quis incenderet", + "en": "But it was a difficult task for anyone to set fire to that tower without risking disaster;" + }, + { + "id": 8142, + "la": "Ita fune crura deligatus, cum propius accessisset, ab oppidanis est occisus", + "en": "thus when any of them came close up to it, his legs were tied with a rope and he was killed by the townsfolk." + }, + { + "id": 8143, + "la": "Eadem nocte transfuga nuntiavit Pompeium et Labienum de iugulatione oppidanorum indignatos esse", + "en": "That same night a deserter reported that Pompeius and Labienus had been filled with indignation at the massacre of the townsfolk." + }, + { + "id": 8144, + "la": "Vigilia secunda propter multitudinem telorum turris lignea, quae nostra fuisset, ab imo vitium fecit usque ad tabulatum secundum et tertium", + "en": "At the second watch, as a result of a heavy salvo of missiles, a wooden tower of ours sustained damage which extended from its base up to the second and third storeys." + }, + { + "id": 8145, + "la": "Eodem tempore pro muro pugnarunt acerrime et turrim nostram ut superiorem incenderunt, idcirco quod ventum oppidani secundum habuerunt", + "en": "Simultaneously there was very heavy fighting along the battlements, and the townsfolk, taking advantage of a favourable wind, set on fire our tower as aforementioned." + }, + { + "id": 8146, + "la": "Insequenti luce materfamilias de muro se deiecit et ad nos transsiliit dixitque se cum familia constitutum habuisse ut una transfugerent ad Caesarem; illam oppressam et iugulatam", + "en": "The following day a mother of a family leapt down from the battlements and slipped across to our lines and told us that she had arranged with her household to desert to Caesar all together; but her household, she said, had been taken by surprise and massacred." + }, + { + "id": 8147, + "la": "Hoc praeterea tempore tabellae de muro sunt deiectae, in quibus scriptum est inventum:", + "en": "It was at this time also that a missive was thrown down from the wall, which was found to contain the following message:" + }, + { + "id": 8148, + "la": "L Munatius Caesari Si mihi vitam tribues, quoniam ab Cn Pompeio sum desertus, qualem me illi praestiti tali virtute et constantia futurum me in te esse praestabo.", + "en": "L. Munatius greets Caesar. If you grant me my life, now that I am abandoned by Cn. Pompeius, I will guarantee to display the same unwavering courage in support of you as I have shewn to him." + }, + { + "id": 8149, + "la": "Eodem tempore oppidani legati qui antea exierant Caesarem adierunt: si sibi vitam concederet, sese insequenti luce oppidum esse dedituros", + "en": "At the same time the envoys from the townsfolk who had come out to Caesar before now came to him, saying that, if he would spare their lives, they would surrender the town the following day." + }, + { + "id": 8150, + "la": "Quibus respondit se Caesarem esse fidemque praestaturum", + "en": "His reply to them ran thus: I am Caesar and I will be as good as my word." + }, + { + "id": 8151, + "la": "Ita ante diem XI Kal Mart oppido potitus imperator est appellatus", + "en": "Accordingly, on February 19th he took possession of the town and was hailed as Imperator." + }, + { + "id": 8152, + "la": "Quod Pompeius ex perfugis cum deditionem oppidi factam esse scisset, castra movit Ucubim versus et circum ea loca castella disposuit et munitionibus se continere coepit: Caesar movit et propius castra castris contulit", + "en": "When Pompeius got to know from deserters that the surrender of the town had taken place, he moved his camp towards Ucubi, built forts at intervals in that locality, and proceeded to keep within his emplacements. Caesar struck his camp and moved it closer to that of Pompeius." + }, + { + "id": 8153, + "la": "Eodem tempore mane loricatus unus ex legione vernacula ad nos transfugit et nuntiavit Pompeium oppidanos Ucubensis convocasse eisque ita imperavisse, ut diligentia adhibita perquirerent qui essent suarum partium itemque adversariorum victoriae fautores", + "en": "It was at this same time that early in the morning one of the heavy-armed troops from a native legion deserted to us and reported that Pompeius had assembled the inhabitants of the town of Ucubi and given them orders as follows, namely that they were to make careful and searching enquiry who were in favour of a victory for his side, and who on the contrary favoured victory for his enemies." + }, + { + "id": 8154, + "la": "Hoc praeterito tempore in oppido quod fuit captum servus est prensus in cuniculo quem supra demonstravimus dominum iugulasse: is vivus est combustus", + "en": "Just before this the slave who, as we have described above, had murdered his master was arrested in a mine in the captured town: he was burned alive." + }, + { + "id": 8155, + "la": "Idemque temporis centuriones loricati VIII ad Caesarem transfugerunt ex legione vernacula, et equites nostri cum adversariorum equitibus congressi sunt, et saucii aliquot occiderunt levi armatura", + "en": "At the same period eight heavy-armed centurions deserted to Caesar from a native legion; our cavalry-came into conflict with the enemy cavalry and quite a number of our light-armed troops died of their wounds." + }, + { + "id": 8156, + "la": "Ea nocte speculatores prensi servi III et unus ex legione vernacula", + "en": "That night some scouts were caught'three slaves and one soldier from a native legion." + }, + { + "id": 8157, + "la": "Servi sunt in crucem sublati, militi cervices abscisae", + "en": "The slaves were crucified, the soldier beheaded." + }, + { + "id": 8158, + "la": "Postero die equites cum levi armatura ex adversariorum castris ad nos transfugerunt", + "en": "On the next day some cavalry and light-armed troops came over to us from the enemys camp." + }, + { + "id": 8159, + "la": "Et eo tempore circiter XL equites ad aquatores nostros excucurrerunt, non nullos interfecerunt, item alios vivos abduxerunt; e quibus capti sunt equites VIII", + "en": "At that time too about forty of their horse dashed out upon a watering party of ours, killing some of its members and leading others off alive: eight of their horsemen were taken prisoner." + }, + { + "id": 8160, + "la": "Insequenti die Pompeius securi percussit homines LXXIIII, qui dicebantur esse fautores Caesaris victoriae, reliquos rursus in oppidum iussit deduci; ex quibus effugerunt CXX et ad Caesarem venerunt", + "en": "The following day Pompeius beheaded seventy-four men1 who were said to be in favour of a victory for Caesar: the remainder he ordered to be escorted back into the town; but a hundred and twenty of them escaped and came to Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 8161, + "la": "Hoc praeterito tempore, qui in oppido Ategua Ursaonenses capti sunt legati profecti sunt cum nostris uti rem gestam Ursaonensibus referrent, quid sperarent de Cn Pompeio, cum viderent hospites iugulari, praeterea multa scelera ab eis fieri qui praesidi causa ab eis reciperentur", + "en": "Just prior to this time the envoys from Ursao who had been captured in the town of Ategua set forth, accompanied by some of our men, to report to their fellow citizens of Ursao what had taken place and ask them what hopes they could entertain of Cn. Pompeius when they saw hosts being massacred and many other crimes too being perpetrated by those to whom the latter gave admittance as garrison troops." + }, + { + "id": 8162, + "la": "Qui cum ad oppidum venissent, nostri, qui fuissent equites Romani et senatores, non sunt ausi introire in oppidum, praeter quam qui eius civitatis fuissent", + "en": "When the party reached Ursao, our men, who comprised Roman knights and senators, did not venture to enter the town, apart from those who were members of that community." + }, + { + "id": 8163, + "la": "Quorum responsis ultro citroque acceptis et redditis cum ad nostros se reciperent qui extra oppidum fuissent, illi praesidio insecuti ex aversione legatos iugularunt", + "en": "An exchange of views then took place between the two sides; whereupon, as the envoys were rejoining our men who were outside the town, the townsmen followed them up from behind with an armed party and then massacred them." + }, + { + "id": 8164, + "la": "Qui cum certum comperissent legatorum responsa ita esse gesta quem ad modum illi rettulissent, ab oppidanis concursu facto eum qui legatos iugulasset lapidare et ei manus intentare coeperunt: illius opera se perisse", + "en": "And when they had definitely established that the envoys account was correct, and that the incidents had occurred just as they had related, a crowd of townsfolk quickly gathered, and they began to stone and shake their fists at the man who had massacred the envoys, shouting that he had been responsible for their own undoing." + }, + { + "id": 8165, + "la": "Ita vix periculo liberatus petiit ab oppidanis ut ei liceret legatum ad Caesarem proficisci: illi se satisfacturum", + "en": "So when he had barely been rescued from his perilous plight, he besought the townsfolk for leave to go on a mission to Caesar, saying that he would satisfy the latter." + }, + { + "id": 8166, + "la": "Potestate data cum inde esset profectus, praesidio comparato, cum bene magnam manum fecisset et nocturno tempore per fallaciam in oppidum esset receptus, iugulationem magnam facit principibusque qui sibi contrarii fuissent interfectis oppidum in suam potestatem recepit", + "en": "Permission being granted, he set out from the town, collected a bodyguard and, when he had made it a good large force, contrived by treachery to be taken back into the town by night. Whereupon he carried out a wholesale massacre, killed the leading men who had been opposed to him, and took the town under his own control." + }, + { + "id": 8167, + "la": "'Hoc praeterito tempore servi transfugae nuntiaverunt oppidanorum bona venire neque extra vallum licere exire nisi discinctum, idcirco quod ex quo die oppidum Ategua esset captum metu conterritos compluris profugere in Baeturiam;", + "en": "'Just before this deserting slaves reported that the goods of the townsfolk1 were being sold, and that it was forbidden to go out beyond the rampart except ungirt,2 for the reason that, ever since the day when Ategua was captured, quite a number of people in their panic had been seeking asylum in Baeturia;" + }, + { + "id": 8168, + "la": "neque sibi ullam spem victoriae propositam habere et, si qui ex nostris transfugeret, in levem armaturam coici eumque non amplius XVII accipere", + "en": "that they had no prospects of success in view and that, if any man deserted from our side, he was shoved3 into some light-armed unit and drew no more than seventeen asses a day" + }, + { + "id": 8169, + "la": "Insequenti tempore Caesar castris castra contulit et bracchium ad flumen Salsum ducere coepit", + "en": "In the period which followed Caesar moved up his camp and proceeded to carry a line of fortifications to the river Salsum." + }, + { + "id": 8170, + "la": "Hic dum in opere nostri distenti essent, complures ex superiore loco adversariorum decucurrerunt nec desinentibus nostris multis telis iniectis compluris vulneribus adfecere", + "en": "At this point, while our men were busily engaged in the operation, a fair number of the enemy swooped down upon them from higher ground and, as our men carried on with their work, there were not a few casualties among them from the heavy volleys of enemy missiles." + }, + { + "id": 8171, + "la": "Hic tum, ut ait Ennius, nostri cessere parumper. Itaque praeter consuetudinem cum a nostris animadversum esset cedere, centuriones ex legione V flumen transgressi duo restituerunt aciem, acriterque eximia virtute pluris cum agerent, ex superiore loco multitudine telorum alter eorum concidit", + "en": "Hereupon, as Ennius puts it, our men gave ground for a brief space. Consequently, when our men observed that they were giving ground more than their wont, two centurions from the Fifth legion crossed the river and restored the battle line2; and as they drove their more numerous enemies back, displaying dash and gallantry of an exceptional order, one of them succumbed to a heavy volley of missiles discharged from higher ground." + }, + { + "id": 8172, + "la": "Ita cum eius comes impar proelium facere coepisset, cum undique se circumveniri animum advertisset, regressus pedem offendit", + "en": "And so his colleague now began an uphill fight; and when he observed that he was being completely surrounded, he retreated and lost his footing." + }, + { + "id": 8173, + "la": "In huius concidentis centurionis ac viri fortis insignia cum complures adversariorum concursum facerent, equites nostri transgressi inferiore loco adversarios ad vallum agere coeperunt", + "en": "As this gallant officer fell not a few of the enemy made a rush to plunder his decorations; but our cavalry crossed the river and from lower ground proceeded to drive the enemy to their rampart." + }, + { + "id": 8174, + "la": "Ita cupidius dum intra praesidia illorum student caedem facere, a turmis et levi armatura sunt interclusi", + "en": "And so, in their too eager anxiety to carry destruction within the area of the latters defence positions, they were cut off by enemy squadrons and light-armed troops." + }, + { + "id": 8175, + "la": "Quorum nisi summa virtus fuisset, vivi capti essent: nam et munitione praesidi ita coangustabantur ut eques spatio intercluso vix se defendere posset", + "en": "Had not their gallantry been of the highest order, they would have been captured alive; for they were, moreover, hemmed in so tightly by the emplacements of the camp as to make it well nigh impossible for a horseman to defend himself in the restricted space." + }, + { + "id": 8176, + "la": "Ex utroque genere pugnae complures sunt vulneribus adfecti, in quis etiam Clodius Arquitius; inter quos ita comminus est pugnatum ut ex nostris praeter duos centuriones sit nemo desideratus gloria se efFerentis", + "en": "As a result of both types of engagement1'quite a number of men were wounded, including Clodius Arquitius; but although both sides were engaged at such close quarters, no-one was lost on our side apart from the two centurions, who bore themselves with outstanding distinction." + }, + { + "id": 8177, + "la": "Postero die ad Soricariam utrorumque convenere copiae", + "en": "On the next day2 the forces of both sides converged upon Soricaria." + }, + { + "id": 8178, + "la": "Nostri bracchia ducere coeperunt", + "en": "Our men proceeded to build fortified lines." + }, + { + "id": 8179, + "la": "Pompeius cum animadverteret castello se excludi Aspavia, quod est ab Ucubi milia passuum V, haec res necessario devocabat ut ad dimicandum descenderet;", + "en": "When Pompeius observed that he was in process of being cut off from the fortress of Aspavia,4 which is five miles distant from Ucubi, this circumstance peremptorily demanded that he should enter the lists;" + }, + { + "id": 8180, + "la": "Quo de facto cum utrorumque copiae tumulum excellentem petissent, prohibiti a nostris sunt deiecti in planitiem", + "en": "When accordingly the forces of both sides had launched an attack upon this lofty knoll, our men forestalled the enemy and hurled them back on to the level ground." + }, + { + "id": 8181, + "la": "Quae res secundum nostris efficiebat proelium", + "en": "This led to a successful action by our troops:" + }, + { + "id": 8182, + "la": "Undique cedentibus adversariis non parum magna in caede versabantur", + "en": "on all sides their opponents gave ground, and our men were engaged in a massacre of no mean proportions." + }, + { + "id": 8183, + "la": "Quibus mons, non virtus, saluti fuit", + "en": "It was the high ground,1 not the enemys valour, which proved the latters salvation;" + }, + { + "id": 8184, + "la": "Quo subsidio subnisi, nisi advesperasset, a paucioribus nostris omni auxilio privati essent", + "en": "and even relying upon its aid they would, but for the approach of evening, have been deprived of all support by our less numerous forces." + }, + { + "id": 8185, + "la": "Nam ceciderunt ex levi armatura CCCXXIII, ex legionariis CXXXVIII, praeterquam quorum arma et spolia sunt ablata", + "en": "As it was, their casualties comprised three hundred and twenty-three light-armed and a hundred and thirty-eight legionaries, apart from those who were stripped of their arms and equipment." + }, + { + "id": 8186, + "la": "Ita pridie duorum centurionum interitio hac adversariorum poena est litata", + "en": "Thus by this present retribution did the enemy atone for his slaughter of our two centurions the day before." + }, + { + "id": 8187, + "la": "Insequenti die pari consuetudine cum ad eundem locum eius praesidium venisset, pristino illo suo utebantur instituto: nam praeter equites nullo loco aequo se committere audebant", + "en": "On the following day Pompeius2 force followed a similar routine and returned to the same spot, where they employed those old established tactics of theirs; for with the exception of his cavalry at no point did his troops venture to commit themselves to favourable ground." + }, + { + "id": 8188, + "la": "Cum nostri in opere essent, equitum copiae concursus facere coeperunt, simulque vociferantibus legionariis, cum locum efflagitarent, ut consueti insequi'", + "en": "While our men were engaged on their task of fortification, the enemy cavalry forces began to launch attacks; and simultaneously his legionary troops kept clamorously demanding to have their turn, seeing that their normal role was to support the cavalry'" + }, + { + "id": 8189, + "la": "existimare posses paratissimos esse ad dimicandum'", + "en": "you might have supposed them to be straining madly at the leash;" + }, + { + "id": 8190, + "la": "nostri ex humili convalle bene longe sunt egressi et planitie in aequiore loco constiterunt", + "en": "when our men advanced a good long way from a shallow valley and halted on more favourable ground in the plain." + }, + { + "id": 8191, + "la": "Illi tamen procul dubio ad congrediendum in aequum locum non sunt ausi descendere praeter unum Antistium Turpionem;", + "en": "However, there was no doubt about it, the enemy all lacked the courage to come down into the plain to engage'all except one man, Antistius Turpio;" + }, + { + "id": 8192, + "la": "qui fidens viribus ex adversariis sibi parem esse neminem agitare coepit", + "en": "and he, confident in his strength, began to indulge in taunts, claiming that there was nobody a match for him on the opposite side." + }, + { + "id": 8193, + "la": "Hic, ut fertur Achillis Memnonisque congressus, Q Pompeius Niger, eques Romanus Italicensis, ex acie nostra ad congrediendum progressus est", + "en": "Hereupon, like the traditional encounter between Achilles and Memnon, Q. Pompeius Niger, a Roman knight from Italica, advanced from our ranks to encounter him." + }, + { + "id": 8194, + "la": "Quoniam ferocitas Antisti omnium mentis converterat ab opere ad spectandum, acies sunt dispositae: nam inter bellatores principes dubia erat posita victoria, ut prope videretur finem bellandi duorum dirimere pugna", + "en": "All mens minds were now distracted from their work and bent upon this spectacle'such was the effect of the dauntless spirit of Antistius'and the armies were arrayed over against one another; for the chances of victory were nicely balanced between the two warring champions, so that it almost seemed as if their duel meant the final decision and cessation of hostilities." + }, + { + "id": 8195, + "la": "*Ita avidi cupidique suarum quisque ex partium virorum fautorumque voluntate habebatur", + "en": "So fanatically eager were they all, each man gripped by the enthusiasm of the champions and supporters of his own side." + }, + { + "id": 8196, + "la": "Ut, nostri equites in receptu dum ad castra redeunt, adversarii cupidius sunt insecuti, universi clamore facto impetum dederunt", + "en": "While our cavalry were withdrawing to camp, the enemy pursued them too eagerly, whereupon the light-armed troops one and all raised a shout and charged them." + }, + { + "id": 8197, + "la": "Ita metu perterriti, cum in fuga essent multis amissis in castra se recipiunt", + "en": "This created a panic among them and they retired to their camp sustaining heavy losses in the course of their rout." + }, + { + "id": 8198, + "la": "servi indicio omnis in custodiam esse coniectos, e quibus occasione capta se transfugisse", + "en": "but a slave had informed against them, and they had all been thrown into prison-; they themselves were among this number, but had seized their opportunity and deserted." + }, + { + "id": 8199, + "la": "Item hoc die litterae sunt deprensae, quas mittebat Ursaonem Cn Pompeius: S V G E V Etsi, prout nostra felicitas, ex sententia adversarios adhuc propulsos habemus, si aequo loco sui potestatem facerent, celerius quam vestra opinio fert bellum confecissem;", + "en": "It was on this day too that a despatch was intercepted2 which Cn. Pompeius was sending to Ursao: it read: If you are well, I am delighted: I for my part am well.3 Although, in accordance with our usual good luck, we have so far kept the enemy on the run to our satisfaction, yet, if they gave us the chance of engaging them on favourable ground, I should have finished the war sooner than your belief suggests." + }, + { + "id": 8200, + "la": "sed exercitum tironem non audent in campum deducere nostrisque adhuc fixi praesidiis bellum ducunt", + "en": "But as it is, they lack the courage to bring down their inexperienced army into the field, and, pinned down so far by our forces,4 they are prolonging hostilities." + }, + { + "id": 8201, + "la": "Nam singulas civitates circumsederunt: inde sibi commeatus capiunt", + "en": "They have in fact laid siege to individual townships, and it is from them that they derive their supplies." + }, + { + "id": 8202, + "la": "Quare et civitates nostrarum partium conservabo et bellum primo quoque tempore conficiam", + "en": "I shall accordingly not only protect the townships which belong to our side, but shall finish the war at the first opportunity." + }, + { + "id": 8203, + "la": "Profectu nostro commeatu privati necessario ad dimicandum descendent.", + "en": "When we take the field we shall deprive them of their vital supplies, and they will then come down to fight." + }, + { + "id": 8204, + "la": "Insequenti tempore cum nostri in opere distenti essent, equites in oliveto, dum lignantur, interfecti sunt aliquot", + "en": "Later on, when our men were busily engaged on a field-work, a number of our cavalry were killed while collecting wood in an olive grove." + }, + { + "id": 8205, + "la": "Servi transfugerunt, qui nuntiaverunt, a d III Non Mart proelium ad Soricariam quod factum est, ex eo tempore metum esse magnum, et Attium Varum circum castella praeesse", + "en": "Some slaves deserted to us, who reported that since March 5th, the day when the battle took place at Soricaria, there had been grave alarm, and Attius Varus had been in command of the fortified zone." + }, + { + "id": 8206, + "la": "Eo die Pompeius castra movit et contra Spalim in oliveto constituit", + "en": "On that day Pompeius moved his camp and established it in an olive grove over against Spalis." + }, + { + "id": 8207, + "la": "Caesar prius quam eodem est profectus, luna hora circiter sexta visa est", + "en": "Before Caesar set out for the same locality, the moon was observed at approximately the sixth hour." + }, + { + "id": 8208, + "la": "Ita castris motis Ucubim Pompeius praesidium quod reliquit iussit incendere, ut deusto oppido in castra maiora se reciperent", + "en": "As Pompeius1 had thus withdrawn his camp, he accordingly instructed his garrison force which he had left behind to set fire to Ucubi, so that, when the town was burned out, they should retire to his principal camp." + }, + { + "id": 8209, + "la": "Insequenti tempore Ventiponem oppidum cum oppugnare coepisset, deditione facta iter fecit in Carrucam, contra Pompeium castra posuit", + "en": "Later on Caesar proceeded to assault the town of Ventipo; and when it capitulated he marched to Carruca,2 and pitched camp over against Pompeius." + }, + { + "id": 8210, + "la": "Pompeius oppidum, quod contra sua praesidia portas claussiset, incendit; milesque, qui fratrem suum in castris iugulasset, interceptus est a nostris et fustibus percussus", + "en": "Pompeius burned the town3 for having barred its gates to his forces; and a soldier who had murdered his own brother in camp was intercepted by our troops and clubbed to death." + }, + { + "id": 8211, + "la": "Hinc itinere facto in campum Mundensem cum esset ventum, castra contra Pompeium constituit", + "en": "From this area Caesar marched into the plain of Munda,4 and on his arrival there established his camp over against Pompeius." + }, + { + "id": 8212, + "la": "Sequenti die cum iter facere Caesar cum copiis vellet, renuntiatum est a speculatoribus Pompeium de tertia vigilia in acie stetisse", + "en": "On the following day Caesar was minded to take the road with his forces when scouts came back with the news that Pompeius had been in battle formation since the third watch." + }, + { + "id": 8213, + "la": "Hoc nuntio allato vexillum proposuit", + "en": "On receipt of this news Caesar displayed the flag-signal for action." + }, + { + "id": 8214, + "la": "Idcirco enim copias eduxerat, quod Ursaonensium civitati, qui sui fuissent fautores, antea litteras miserat Caesarem nolle in convallem descendere, quod maiorem partem exercitus tironem haberet", + "en": "Now the reason why Pompeius had led out his forces was this: he had previously sent a despatch to the citizens of Ursao, who were supporters of his, saying that Caesar was unwilling to come down into the valley because the greater part of his army was inexperienced." + }, + { + "id": 8215, + "la": "Hae litterae vehementer confirmabant mentis oppidanorum", + "en": "This despatch stiffened the morale of the townsfolk considerably." + }, + { + "id": 8216, + "la": "Ita hac opinione fretus totum se facere posse existimabat: etenim et natura loci defendebatur et ipsius oppidi munitione, ubi castra habuit constituta", + "en": "Pompeius therefore, relying on this conviction,1 supposed that he could carry the whole thing off; for where he had established his camp he was protected not only by the natural conformation of the ground but also by the fortifications of the town itself." + }, + { + "id": 8217, + "la": "Namque ut superius demonstravimus, loca excellentia tumulis contineri intervallo planitiei dividi4; id quod eo incidit tempore", + "en": "For, as we have pointed out earlier,2 it is lofty country, bastioned by hills with an occasional intervening plain; and this, it so happened, was the case on the present occasion." + }, + { + "id": 8218, + "la": "Planities inter utraque castra intercedebat circiter milia passuum V, ut auxilia Pompei duabus defenderentur rebus, oppido et excelsi loci natura", + "en": "Between the two camps ran a plain, extending for some five miles, so that there were two factors which made for the protection of Pompeius troops'the town, and the lofty nature of the ground." + }, + { + "id": 8219, + "la": "Hinc dirigens proxima planities aequabatur", + "en": "Extending from the town the plain ground nearest to it levelled out," + }, + { + "id": 8220, + "la": "Cuius decursum antecedebat rivus, qui ad eorum accessum summam efficiebat loci iniquitatem: nam palustri et voraginoso solo currens erat ad dextram", + "en": "and ran down to where a stream ran in front of it, which made the ground there extremely awkward for Caesars troops to approach the Pompeians; for the soil to the right of the rivers course was marshy and full of bog-holes." + }, + { + "id": 8221, + "la": "Itaque Caesar cum aciem derectam vidisset, non habuit dubium quin media planitie in aequum ad dimicandum adversarii procederent", + "en": "Consequently, when Caesar saw their battle line deployed, he had no doubt that his opponents would advance to the level ground to do battle in the middle of the plain." + }, + { + "id": 8222, + "la": "Hoc erat in omnium conspectu", + "en": "This area was in full view of all." + }, + { + "id": 8223, + "la": "Huc accedebat ut locus illa planitie equitatum evocaret et diei solisque serenitate, ut mirificum et optandum tempus prope ab dis immortalibus illud tributum esset ad proelium committendum", + "en": "Moreover, with a level plain like that and a calm, sunny day, it was a tempting situation for cavalry'a wonderful, longed-for and well-nigh heaven-sent opportunity for engaging battle." + }, + { + "id": 8224, + "la": "Nostri laetari, non nulli etiam timere, quod in eum locum res fortunaeque omnium deducerentur ut, quidquid post horam casus tribuisset, in dubio poneretur", + "en": "Our men were delighted'though some also had misgivings'at the thought that the welfare and fortunes of everyone were being brought to the point that no one could tell for certain what would prove to be the luck vouchsafed them an hour later." + }, + { + "id": 8225, + "la": "Itaque nostri ad dimicandum procedunt, id quod adversarios existimabamus esse facturos;", + "en": "And so our men advanced to do battle; and we supposed that the enemy would do likewise:" + }, + { + "id": 8226, + "la": "qui tamen a munitione oppidi longius non audebant procedere, immo se ibi prope murum adversarii constituebant", + "en": "but our opponents would not venture to advance far from the defences of the town: on the contrary, they were establishing themselves in the town close to the wall." + }, + { + "id": 8227, + "la": "Itaque nostri procedunt", + "en": "And so our men advanced." + }, + { + "id": 8228, + "la": "Interdum aequitas loci adversarios efflagitabat ut tali condicione contenderent ad victoriam;", + "en": "From time to time the favourable nature of the ground would sorely tempt the enemy to press on to victory under such conditions;" + }, + { + "id": 8229, + "la": "neque tamen illi a sua consuetudine discedebant, ut aut ab excelso loco aut ab oppido discederent", + "en": "but, none the less, they would not depart from their accustomed tactics so as to forsake either the high ground or the town." + }, + { + "id": 8230, + "la": "Nostri pede presso propius rivum cum appropinquassent, adversarii patrocinari loco iniquo non desinunt", + "en": "And when our men, advancing at a moderate pace, came up closer to the stream, their opponents remained consistently on the defensive on the steep ground." + }, + { + "id": 8231, + "la": "Erat acies XIII aquilis constituta, quae lateribus equitatu tegebatur cum levi armatura milibus sex, praeterea auxiliares accedebant prope alterum tantum;", + "en": "Their battle line was composed of thirteen legions, and was screened on the flanks by cavalry as well as six thousand light-armed troops, while in addition there were nearly as many again auxiliary troops besides:" + }, + { + "id": 8232, + "la": "nostra praesidia LXXX cohortibus, octo milibus equitum", + "en": "our forces comprised eighty cohorts1 and eight thousand cavalry." + }, + { + "id": 8233, + "la": "Ita cum in extrema planitie iniquum in locum nostri appropinquassent, paratus hostis erat superior, ut transeundum superius iter vehementer esset periculosum", + "en": "So when our men, as they approached, reached the unfavourable ground at the farthest limit of the plain, the enemy were ready on higher ground, making it extremely dangerous for our men to pursue their passage to the higher level." + }, + { + "id": 8234, + "la": "Quod cum a Caesare esset animadversum, ne quid temere culpa secus admitteretur, eum locum definire coepit", + "en": "When Caesar observed this, to avoid any blunder being perpetrated owing to rashness or faulty judgment, he began to restrict the operational area.1" + }, + { + "id": 8235, + "la": "Quod cum hominum auribus esset obiectum, moleste et acerbe accipiebant se impediri quo minus proelium conficere possent", + "en": "But when it came to the ears of the men that he was doing so, they were bitterly disgusted, as they took it to mean that their chance of deciding the conflict was being hampered." + }, + { + "id": 8236, + "la": "Haec mora adversarios alacriores efficiebat: Caesaris copias timore impediri ad committendum proelium", + "en": "This delay made the enemy keener: it was fear, they thought, that was preventing Caesars forces from joining battle:" + }, + { + "id": 8237, + "la": "Ita se efferentes iniquo loco sui potestatem faciebant, ut magno tamen periculo accessus eorum haberetur", + "en": "and although by displaying themselves they gave our men the opportunity of engaging them on steep ground, yet it was only at great risk that one could approach them." + }, + { + "id": 8238, + "la": "Hic decumani suum locum, cornum dextrum, tenebant, sinistrum III et V., itemque cetera auxilia et equitatus", + "en": "On our side the men of the Tenth legion held their proper post'the right wing; while the men of the Third and Fifth legions together with all the rest of our forces'the auxiliary troops and the cavalry'held the left wing." + }, + { + "id": 8239, + "la": "Proelium clamore facto committitur", + "en": "The shout was raised and the battle joined." + }, + { + "id": 8240, + "la": "Hic etsi virtute nostri antecedebant, adversarii loco superiore se defendebant acerrime, et vehemens fiebat ab utrisque clamor telorumque missu concursus, sic ut prope nostri diffiderent victoriae", + "en": "Hereupon, although our men were superior in point of valour, their opponents offered a very spirited resistance from their higher position; and so furious proved the shouting on both sides, so furious the charging with its attendant volley of missiles, that our men well nigh lost their confidence in victory." + }, + { + "id": 8241, + "la": "Congressus enim et clamor, quibus rebus maxime hostis conterretur, in collatu pari erat condicione", + "en": "In fact, as regards attacking and shouting'the two chief methods of demoralising an enemy'both sides stood on equal terms of comparison." + }, + { + "id": 8242, + "la": "Ita ex utroque genere pugnae cum parem virtutem ad bellandum contulissent, pilorum missu fixa cumulatur et concidit adversariorum multitudo", + "en": "But, though they accordingly brought to the contest an equal fighting capacity in both these departments of battle, yet the enemy masses were pinned down by our volleys of heavy javelins, and fell in heaps." + }, + { + "id": 8243, + "la": "Dextrum ut demonstravimus decumanos cornum tenuisse;", + "en": "Our right wing, as we have explained, was held by the men of the Tenth legion;" + }, + { + "id": 8244, + "la": "qui etsi erant pauci, tamen propter virtutem magno adversarios timore eorum opera adficiebant, quod a suo loco hostis vehementer premere coeperunt, ut adsubsidium, ne ab latere nostri occuparent, legio adversariorum traduci coepta sit a dextro", + "en": "and despite their small numbers, their gallantry none the less enabled them by their exertions to inspire no little panic among their opponents. They proceeded, in fact, to exert strong pressure on the enemy, driving him back from his positions, with the result that he began to transfer a legion from his right, to give support and to prevent our men from outflanking him." + }, + { + "id": 8245, + "la": "Quae simul est mota, equitatus Caesaris sinistrum cornum premere coepit ita uti eximia virtute proelium facere possent, locus in aciem ad subsidium veniendi non daretur", + "en": "As soon as this legion had been set in motion Caesars cavalry began to exert pressure on the enemy left wing,1 so that, no matter how gallantly the enemy might fight, he was afforded no opportunity of reinforcing his line." + }, + { + "id": 8246, + "la": "Ita cum clamor esset intermixtus gemitu gladiorumque crepitus auribus oblatus, imperitorum mentis timore praepediebat", + "en": "And so, as the motley din'shouts, groans, the clash of swords'assailed their ears, it shackled the minds of the inexperienced with fear." + }, + { + "id": 8247, + "la": "Hic, ut ait Ennius, pes pede premitur, armis teruntur arma, adversariosque vehementissime pugnantes nostri agere coeperunt; quibus oppidum fuit subsidio", + "en": "Hereupon, as Ennius puts it, foot forces against foot and weapons grind gainst weapons; and in the teeth of very strong opposition our men began to drive the enemy back. The town, however, stood them in good stead." + }, + { + "id": 8248, + "la": "Ita ipsis Liberalibus fusi fugatique non superfuissent, nisi in eum locum confugissent ex quo erant egressi", + "en": "And so they were routed and put to flight on the very day of the Liberalia2; nor would they have survived, had they not fled back to their original starting point." + }, + { + "id": 8249, + "la": "In quo proelio ceciderunt milia hominum circiter XXX et si quid amplius, praeterea Labienus, Attius Varus, quibus occisis utrisque funus est factum, itemque equites Romani partim ex urbe partim ex provincia ad milia III", + "en": "In this battle there fell some thirty thousand men'if anything, more'as well as Labienus and Attius Varus, both of whom were buried where they fell, and about three thousand Roman knights besides, some from Rome, some from the province." + }, + { + "id": 8250, + "la": "Ex hostium armis scuta et pila pro vallo, pro caespite cadavera collocabantur, insuper abscisa in gladiorum mucrone capita hominum ordinata ad oppidum conversa universa, ut et ad hostium timorem virtutisque insignia proposita viderent et vallo circumcluderentur adversarii", + "en": "Shields and javelins taken from among the enemys weapons were placed to serve as a palisade, dead bodies as a rampart; on top, impaled on sword points, severed human heads were ranged in a row all facing the town, the object being not merely to enclose the enemy by a palisade, but to afford him an awe-inspiring spectacle by displaying before him this evidence of valour." + }, + { + "id": 8251, + "la": "Ita Galli tragulis iaculisque oppidum ex hostium cadaveribus circumplexi oppugnare coeperunt", + "en": "Having thus encircled the town with the javelins and spears taken from the corpses of the enemy, the Gallic troops now proceeded to assault it." + }, + { + "id": 8252, + "la": "Ex hoc proelio Valerius adulescens Cordubam cum paucis equitibus fugit; Sex Pompeio, qui Cordubae fuisset, rem gestam refert", + "en": "From this battle the young Valerius escaped to Corduba with a few horsemen, and delivered his report of it to Sextus Pompeius, who was present there." + }, + { + "id": 8253, + "la": "Cognito hoc negotio, quos equites secum habuit, quod pecuniae secum habuit eis distribuit et oppidanis dixit se de pace ad Caesarem proficisci et secunda vigilia ab oppido discessit", + "en": "On learning of these events, the latter divided what money he had with him among his present cavalry force, told the townsfolk that he was setting out for peace talks with Caesar, and left the town at the second watch." + }, + { + "id": 8254, + "la": "Cn Pompeius cum equitibus paucis non nullisque peditibus ad navale praesidium parte altera Carteiam contendit, quod oppidum abest ab Corduba milia passuum CLXX", + "en": "Cn. Pompeius, attended by a few horsemen and some infantry, pressed forward on the other hand to the naval fortified base of Carteia, a town which lies one hundred and seventy miles away from Corduba." + }, + { + "id": 8255, + "la": "Quo cum ad octavum miliarium venisset, P Caucilius, qui castris antea Pompei praepositus esset, eius verbis nuntium mittit eum minus belle habere: ut mitterent lecticam qua in oppidum deferri posset", + "en": "When he had reached the eighth milestone from Carteia, P. Caucilius, who had formerly been in command of Pompeius camp, sent a message dictated by Pompeius saying that he was in a bad way, and they must send a litter in which he could be carried into the town." + }, + { + "id": 8256, + "la": "Lecticariis missis Pompeius Carteiam defertur", + "en": "A litter and bearers were despatched, and Pompeius was carried to Carteia." + }, + { + "id": 8257, + "la": "Qui illarum partium fautores essent conveniunt in domum quo erat delatus'qui arbitrati sunt clanculum venisse', ut ab eo quae vellet de bello requirerent", + "en": "His partisans forgathered at the house to which he had been brought'each supposing his visit to have been a private one'to make enquiry of him what were his intentions about the war;" + }, + { + "id": 8258, + "la": "Cum frequentia convenisset, de lectica Pompeius eorum in fidem confugit", + "en": "but when a crowd of them had forgathered, Pompeius left his litter and threw himself upon their protection." + }, + { + "id": 8259, + "la": "Caesar ex proelio Munda munitione circumdata Cordubam venit", + "en": "After the battle Caesar invested Munda with a ring of emplacements and came to Corduba." + }, + { + "id": 8260, + "la": "Qui ex caede eo refugerant, pontem occuparunt", + "en": "The survivors of the carnage who had taken refuge there seized the bridge;" + }, + { + "id": 8261, + "la": "Cum eo ventum esset, conviciari coeperunt: nos ex proelio paucos superesse; quo fugeremus?", + "en": "and when Caesar1 arrived there they proceeded to jeer, saying'There are few of us survivors from the battle: where were we to seek refuge?" + }, + { + "id": 8262, + "la": "Ita pugnare coeperunt de ponte", + "en": "And so they fell to fighting from the bridge.2" + }, + { + "id": 8263, + "la": "Caesar flumen traiecit et castra posuit", + "en": "Caesar crossed the river and pitched camp." + }, + { + "id": 8264, + "la": "Scapula, totius seditionis, familiae et libertinorum caput, ex proelio Cordubam cum venisset, familiam et libertos convocavit, pyram sibi exstruxit, cenam adferri quam optimam imperavit, item optimis insternendum vestimentis: pecuniam et argentum in praesentia familiae donavit", + "en": "Now the ringleader of all this unrest, as well as the head of a gang of slaves and freedmen, was Scapula3; and when he came to Corduba as a survivor from the battle he summoned his slaves and freedmen, had himself built a lofty pyre, and ordered a banquet to be served on the most lavish possible scale and the finest tapestries likewise to be spread out; and then and there he presented his slaves with money and silver." + }, + { + "id": 8265, + "la": "Ipse de tempore cenare; resinam et nardum identidem sibi infundit", + "en": "As for himself, in due course he fell to upon the banquet, and ever and anon anointed himself with resin and nard." + }, + { + "id": 8266, + "la": "Ita novissimo tempore servum iussit et libertum, qui fuisset eius concubinus", + "en": "Accordingly, at the latest possible moment, he bade a slave and a freedman'the latter was his concubine'" + }, + { + "id": 8267, + "la": "alterum se iugulare, alterum pyram incendere", + "en": "the one to cut his throat, the other to light the pyre." + }, + { + "id": 8268, + "la": "Oppidani autem, simul Caesar castra contra ad oppidum posuit, discordare coeperunt usque eo ut clamor in castra nostra perveniret rixae inter Caesarianos et inter Pompeianos", + "en": "Now as soon as Caesar pitched his camp over against the town its occupants proceeded to quarrel; so much so that the sound of the shouting and brawling between the supporters of Caesar on the one hand, and Pompeius on the other, reached our camp." + }, + { + "id": 8269, + "la": "Erant hic legiones duae ex perfugis conscriptae, partim oppidanorum servi, qui erant a Sex Pompeio manu missi; qui in Caesaris adventum discedere coeperunt", + "en": "There were two legions in this town which had been raised partly from deserters, while others were slaves of the townsmen who had been set free by Sextus Pompeius; and now in view of Caesars approach they began to desert." + }, + { + "id": 8270, + "la": "Legio XIII oppidum defendere coepit, nonani cum iam depugnarent, turris ex parte et murum occuparunt", + "en": "The Thirteenth legion proceeded to defend the town, whereas the men of the Ninth, as soon as they became involved in the fray, seized some of the towers and battlements." + }, + { + "id": 8271, + "la": "Denuo legatos ad Caesarem mittunt, ut sibi legiones subsidio intromitteret", + "en": "Once again1 they sent envoys to Caesar, requesting that he should send in his legions to support them;" + }, + { + "id": 8272, + "la": "Hoc cum animadverterent homines fugitivi, oppidum incendere coeperunt", + "en": "and when the refugees got to know of it they proceeded to set fire to the town.2" + }, + { + "id": 8273, + "la": "Qui superati a nostris sunt interfecti hominum milia XXII, praeter quam extra murum qui perierunt", + "en": "But they were overpowered by our men and put to death, to the number of twenty-two thousand men, not counting those who lost their lives outside the battlements." + }, + { + "id": 8274, + "la": "Ita Caesar oppido potitur Dum hic detinetur, ex proelio quos circummunitos superius demonstravimus, eruptionem fecerunt et bene multis interfectis in oppidum sunt redacti", + "en": "Thus did Caesar gain possession of the town. While he was occupied here, the survivors of the battle who had been shut up (in Munda), as we described above,3 made a sally, only to be driven back into the town with very heavy losses." + }, + { + "id": 8275, + "la": "Caesar Hispalim cum contendisset, legati deprecatum venerunt", + "en": "On Caesars marching to Hispalis envoys came to him to entreat his pardon." + }, + { + "id": 8276, + "la": "Ita cum ad oppidum esset ventum, Caninium cum praesidio legatum intromittit: ipse castra ad oppidum ponit", + "en": "So when he reached the town, he sent in Caninius as his deputy, accompanied by a garrison force, while he himself pitched camp near the town." + }, + { + "id": 8277, + "la": "Erat bene magna manus intra Pompeianarum partium, quae praesidium receptum indignaretur clam quendam Philonem, illum qui Pompeianarum partium fuisset defensor acerrimus'is tota Lusitania notissimus erat':", + "en": "Now inside the town there was a good large group of supporters of Pompeius, who thought it scandalous that a garrison should have been admitted unbeknown to a certain Philo'the man who had been the most ardent champion of the Pompeian faction, and was a very well-known figure throughout Lusitania." + }, + { + "id": 8278, + "la": "hic clam praesidia Lusitaniam proficiscitur et Caecilium Nigrum, hominem barbarum, ad Lennium convenit, qui bene magnam manum Lusitanorum haberet", + "en": "This man now set out for Lusitania without the knowledge of our garrison troops, and at Lennium met Caecilius Niger, a foreigner, who had a good large force of Lusitanians." + }, + { + "id": 8279, + "la": "Reversus Hispalim in oppidum denuo noctu per murum recipitur: praesidium, vigiles iugulant, portas praecludunt, de integro pugnare coeperunt", + "en": "Returning to Hispalis, he penetrated the fortifications by night and thus gained re-admission to the town; whereupon they massacred the garrison and sentries, barred the gates, and renewed hostilities." + }, + { + "id": 8280, + "la": "Dum haec geruntur, legati Carteienses renuntiaverunt quod Pompeium in potestatem haberent", + "en": "In the course of these proceedings envoys from Carteia duly reported that they had Pompeius in their hands." + }, + { + "id": 8281, + "la": "Quod ante Caesari portas praeclusissent, illo beneficio suum maleficium existimabant se lucri facere", + "en": "They thought they stood to gain by this good deed, which might offset their previous offence in having barred their gates to Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 8282, + "la": "Lusitani Hispali pugnare nullo tempore desistebant", + "en": "At Hispalis the Lusitanians kept up the fight without a moments pause;" + }, + { + "id": 8283, + "la": "Quod Caesar cum animadverteret, si oppidum capere contenderet, timuit ne homines perditi incenderent et moenia delerent;", + "en": "and when Caesar observed their stubbornness he was afraid that, if he made strenuous efforts to capture the town, these desperadoes might fire the town and destroy the walls." + }, + { + "id": 8284, + "la": "ita consilio habito noctu patitur Lusitanos eruptionem facere;", + "en": "So after holding consultations he allowed the Lusitanians to make a sally by night'" + }, + { + "id": 8285, + "la": "id quod consulto non existimabant fieri", + "en": "a course which the latter never supposed was deliberate policy." + }, + { + "id": 8286, + "la": "Ita erumpendo navis, quae ad Baetim flumen fuissent, incendunt", + "en": "Accordingly, they made a sally, and in the process fired some ships which were alongside the river Baetis." + }, + { + "id": 8287, + "la": "Nostri dum incendio detinentur, illi profugiunt et ad equitibus conciduntur", + "en": "While our men were occupied with the fire, the Lusitanians took to flight and were cut down by our cavalry." + }, + { + "id": 8288, + "la": "Quo facto oppido reciperato Astam iter facere coepit; ex qua civitate legati ad deditionem venerunt", + "en": "This led to the recovery of the town; whereupon Caesar proceeded to march to Asta, from which township envoys came to him to surrender it." + }, + { + "id": 8289, + "la": "Mundenses, qui ex proelio in oppidum confugerant, cum diutius circumsiderentur, bene multi deditionem faciunt et, cum essent in legionem distributi, coniurant inter sese, ut noctu signo dato qui in oppido fuissent eruptionem facerent, illi caedem in castris administrarent", + "en": "As for the survivors of the battle who had taken refuge in the town of Munda, a somewhat protracted siege led a good large number to surrender; and on being drafted to form a legion they swore a mutual oath that during the night at a given signal their comrades in the town should make a sally, while they carried out a massacre in the camp." + }, + { + "id": 8290, + "la": "Hac re cognita insequenti nocte vigilia tertia tessera data extra vallum omnes sunt concisi", + "en": "But this plot was discovered; and when at the third watch on the following night the pass-word was given, they were all cut down outside the rampart.1" + }, + { + "id": 8291, + "la": "Carteienses, dum Caesar in itinere reliqua oppida oppugnat, propter Pompeium dissentire coeperunt", + "en": "While Caesar was on the move and attacking the remaining towns, the men of Carteia began to fall out on the question of Pompeius." + }, + { + "id": 8292, + "la": "Pars erat quae legatos ad Caesarem miserat, pars erat qui Pompeianarum partium fautores essent", + "en": "There was the party which had sent envoys to Caesar: there was another party which espoused the cause of Pompeius." + }, + { + "id": 8293, + "la": "Seditione concitata portas occupant; caedes fit magna; saucius Pompeius navis XX occupat longas et profugit", + "en": "Civil discord being thus stirred up, they seized the gates: much blood was shed: Pompeius, who was wounded,2 seized twenty warships, and took to flight." + }, + { + "id": 8294, + "la": "Didius, qui Gadibus classi praefuisset, simul nuntius allatus est, confestim sequi coepit; Carteia pedites et equitatus ad persequendum celeriter iter faciebant item confestim consequentes", + "en": "As soon as the news of his escape reached Didius, who was at Gades in command of a squadron, he forthwith began to give chase; and from Carteia too the hunt was likewise taken up forthwith by infantry and cavalry marching in swift pursuit." + }, + { + "id": 8295, + "la": "Quarto die navigationis, quod imparati a Carteia profecti sine aqua fuissent, ad terram applicant", + "en": "On the fourth day of their voyage Pompeius party put in to land, since they had been ill provided and without water when they sailed from Carteia." + }, + { + "id": 8296, + "la": "Dum aquantur, Didius classe accurrit, navis incendit, non nullas capit", + "en": "While they were getting water Didius hastened up with his fleet, captured some of their ships, and burned the rest." + }, + { + "id": 8297, + "la": "Pompeius cum paucis profugit et locum quendam munitum natura occupat", + "en": "Pompeius took to flight with a few companions and occupied a certain spot which possessed natural defences." + }, + { + "id": 8298, + "la": "Equites et cohortes qui ad persequendum missi essent speculatoribus antemissis certiores fiunt: diem et noctem iter faciunt", + "en": "When the cavalry and infantry cohorts which had been despatched in his pursuit learned of this from scouts they had sent on ahead, they pushed on day and night." + }, + { + "id": 8299, + "la": "Pompeius umero et sinistro crure vehementer erat saucius", + "en": "Now Pompeius was seriously wounded in the shoulder and left leg;" + }, + { + "id": 8300, + "la": "Huc accedebat ut etiam talum intorsisset; quae res maxime impediebat", + "en": "added to which he had also sprained his ankle, which hampered him very much." + }, + { + "id": 8301, + "la": "Ita lectica ad turrem cum esset ablatus in ea ferebatur", + "en": "So a litter was employed to carry him off to this redoubt and, once arrived there, he continued to be carried about in it." + }, + { + "id": 8302, + "la": "Lusitanus, more militari ex eius praesidio speculator missus, cum Caesaris praesidio fuisset conspectus, celeriter equitatu cohortibusque circumcluditur", + "en": "One of the Lusitanians who had been despatched from his escort on reconnaissance in accordance with normal military routine was now spotted by the Caesarian force, and Pompeius was promptly surrounded by the cavalry and cohorts." + }, + { + "id": 8303, + "la": "Erat accessus loci difficilis", + "en": "It was a difficult place to approach:" + }, + { + "id": 8304, + "la": "Nam idcirco munitum locum natura ceperat sibi Pompeius, ut quamvis magna multitudine adducta pauci homines ex superiore loco defendere possent", + "en": "that in fact was the very reason why Pompeius had chosen himself a naturally fortified position, so that, no matter how great a force was brought up to it, a handful of men might be able to defend it from higher ground." + }, + { + "id": 8305, + "la": "Subeunt in adventu nostri, depelluntur telis", + "en": "On their arrival our men came up close to it only to be driven back with javelins." + }, + { + "id": 8306, + "la": "Quibus cedentibus cupidius insequebantur adversarii et confestim tardabant ab accessu", + "en": "As they gave ground the enemy pressed upon them the more eagerly and called an immediate halt to their advance." + }, + { + "id": 8307, + "la": "Hoc saepius facto animum advertebatur nostro magno id fieri periculo", + "en": "When this manoeuvre had been repeated several times it became obvious that it was a very risky business for our men." + }, + { + "id": 8308, + "la": "Opere circummunire instituunt; pares autem ex celeri festinatione circummunitiones iugo derigunt, ut aequo pede cum adversariis congredi possent", + "en": "The enemy1 then began to fortify his position with a circumvallation; our men, however, acting with speed and despatch, carried a similar circumvallation along the high ground, to enable them to encounter their opponents on an equal footing." + }, + { + "id": 8309, + "la": "A quibus cum animum adversum esset, fuga sibi praesidium capiunt", + "en": "When the latter observed this move they took refuge in flight." + }, + { + "id": 8310, + "la": "Pompeius, ut supra demonstravimus, saucius et intorto talo idcirco tardabatur ad fugiendum, itemque propter loci difficultatem neque equo neque vehiculo saluti suae praesidium parare poterat", + "en": "Pompeius, as we have pointed out above, was wounded and had sprained his ankle, and this handicapped him in flight; moreover, the difficult nature of the ground made it impossible for him to have recourse to riding horseback or driving to assist his escape to safety." + }, + { + "id": 8311, + "la": "Caedes a nostris undique administrabatur", + "en": "On all sides our troops were carrying on the work of slaughter." + }, + { + "id": 8312, + "la": "Exclusus munitione amissisque auxiliis ad convallem exesumque locum in speluncam Pompeius se occultare coepit, ut a nostris non facile inveniretur nisi captivorum indicio", + "en": "Cut off from his entrenchment and having lost his supporters, Pompeius now resorted to a ravine, to a spot where the ground was eaten away; and there in a cave he proceeded to hide himself, so that, short of his being given away by a prisoner, it was no easy matter for our men to find him." + }, + { + "id": 8313, + "la": "Ita ibi interficitur", + "en": "By such means in fact he was discovered there and put to death." + }, + { + "id": 8314, + "la": "Cum Caesar Gadibus fuisset, Hispalim prid Id April caput allatum et populo datum est in conspectum", + "en": "When Caesar was at Gades, the head of Pompeius was brought to Hispalis on April 12th, and there publicly exhibited." + }, + { + "id": 8315, + "la": "Lusitani qui ex pugna superfuerunt ad signum se receperunt et bene magna manu comparata ad Didium se reportant", + "en": "Those Lusitanians who survived the battle rallied to their standard and, when a good large force had been mustered, duly proceeded against Didius." + }, + { + "id": 8316, + "la": "Huic etsi non aberat diligentia ad navis tuendas, tamen non numquam ex castello propter eorum crebras excursiones eliciebatur, et sic prope cotidianis pugnis insidias ponunt et tripertito signa distribuunt", + "en": "Although he displayed no lack of care in guarding his ships, yet their constant sallies enticed him on occasions to leave his stronghold, with the result that in the course of almost daily battles they laid a trap for him, dividing up their forces into three groups." + }, + { + "id": 8317, + "la": "Erant parati qui navis incenderent, incensisque qui subsidium repellerent1: hi sic dispositi erant, ut a nullo conspici possent: reliqui in conspectu omnium ad pugnam contendunt", + "en": "There were some who were detailed to burn the ships; some to repel an enemy relief force, when the ships had once been fired: these parties were posted in such a way as to be entirely hidden from view, whereas the remainder marched into battle in full view of all." + }, + { + "id": 8318, + "la": "Ita cum ex castello Didius ad propellendum processisset cum copiis, signum a Lusitanis tollitur, naves incenduntur, simulque qui ex castello ad pugnam processerant, eodem signo fugientis latrones dum persequuntur, a tergo insidiae clamore sublato circumveniunt", + "en": "Accordingly, when Didius advanced with his forces from his stronghold to drive them back, the signal was displayed by the Lusitanians, the ships were set on fire, and simultaneously those who had advanced to battle from the stronghold'they were now pursuing the retreating bandits, who had turned tail on that same signal'were surprised by the ambushing party, which raised a shout and surrounded them from the rear.1" + }, + { + "id": 8319, + "la": "Didius magna cum virtute cum compluribus interficitur; non nulli ea pugna scaphas quae ad litus fuerant occupant, item complures nando ad navis quae in salo fuerunt se recipiunt, ancoris sublatis pelagus remis petere coeperunt; quae res eorum vitae fuit subsidio", + "en": "Didius met a gallant death with many of his men; some in the course of the fighting seized some pinnaces which were close inshore, while quite a number, on the other hand, swam off to the ships moored in deep water, weighed anchor, and then began to row them out to sea, thereby saving their lives." + }, + { + "id": 8320, + "la": "Lusitani praeda potiuntur", + "en": "The Lusitanians gained possession of the booty." + }, + { + "id": 8321, + "la": "Caesar Gadibus rursus ad Hispalim recurrit", + "en": "Caesar left Gades and hastened back to Hispalis." + }, + { + "id": 8322, + "la": "Fabius Maximus, quem ad Mundam praesidium oppugnandum reliquerat, operibus assiduis diurnis nocturnisque circumsedit: interclusi inter se decernere armis coeperunt, facta caede bene magna eruptionem faciunt", + "en": "Fabius Maximus, who had been left behind by Caesar to attack the enemy garrison at Munda, besieged that town in a continuous series of operations by day and night. Now that they were cut off the enemy fell to fighting amongst themselves; and after a welter of bloodshed they made a sally." + }, + { + "id": 8323, + "la": "Nostri ad oppidum reciperandum occasionem non praetermittunt et reliquos vivos capiunt, XIIII milia", + "en": "Our troops did not fail to take this opportunity of recovering the town and captured the remaining men alive, to the number of fourteen thousand." + }, + { + "id": 8324, + "la": "Ursaonem proficiscuntur; quod oppidum magna munitione continebatur, sic ut ipse locus non solum opere sed etiam natura datus ad oppugnandum hostem appareret", + "en": "Our men now set out for Ursao, a town which was buttressed by massive fortifications, to such an extent that in itself the place seemed adapted to assail1 an enemy by virtue of its natural site as well as its artificial fortification." + }, + { + "id": 8325, + "la": "Huc accedebat ut aqua praeter quam in ipso oppido unam circumcirca nusquam reperiretur propius milia passuum VIII; quae res magno erat adiumento oppidanis", + "en": "Added to this, apart from a single fountain in the town itself, there was no water to be found anywhere in the neighbourhood under eight miles from the town; and this was a great advantage to the townsfolk." + }, + { + "id": 8326, + "la": "Ita necessario diducebantur nostri, ut a Munda, quod proxime ceperant, materiem illo deportarent", + "en": "Thus our troops were under the necessity of detaching men to carry timber thither from Munda, the town they had just recently captured" + }, + { + "id": 8327, + "la": "Dum haec ad Mundam geruntur et Ursaonem, Caesar, ad Hispalim cum Gadibus se recepisset, insequenti die contione advocata commemorat:", + "en": "While these operations were proceeding at Munda and Ursao, Caesar left Gades and returned to Hispalis, and on the day after his arrival there summoned an assembly of the people." + }, + { + "id": 8328, + "la": "initio quaesturae suae eam provinciam ex omnibus provinciis peculiarem sibi constituisse et quae potuisset eo tempore beneficia largitum esse;", + "en": "He reminded them that at the outset of his quaestorship2 he had made that province above all others his own special concern, and had liberally bestowed on it such benefits as lay in his power at that time;" + }, + { + "id": 8329, + "la": "insequente praetura ampliato honore vectigalia quae Metellus inposuisset a senatu petisse et ea pecunia provinciam liberasse simulque patrocinio suscepto multis legationibus ab se in senatum inductis simul publicis privatisque causis multorum inimicitiis susceptis defendisse;", + "en": "that when subsequently he had been promoted to the praetorship3 he had asked the Senate to rescind the taxes which Metellus4 had imposed, and had secured the province immunity from paying the money in question; that having once taken upon himself to champion the province he had defended it, not only introducing numerous deputations into the Senate but also undertaking legal actions both public and private, and thereby incurring the enmity of many men." + }, + { + "id": 8330, + "la": "suo item in consulatu absentem quae potuisset commoda provinciae tribuisse: eorum omnium commodorum et immemores et ingratos in se et in populum Romanum hoc bello et praeterito tempore cognosse.", + "en": "Similarly, during the period of his consulship1 he had bestowed on the province in his absence such advantages as lay in his power. Yet both in the present war and in the period before it he was well aware that they had been unmindful of all these advantages, and ungrateful for them, both towards himself and towards the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 8331, + "la": "Vos iure gentium civiumque Romanorum institutis cognitis more barbarorum populi Romani magistratibus sacrosanctis manus semel et saepius attulistis et luce clara Cassium in medio foro nefarie interficere voluistis", + "en": "You, he went on, who are well acquainted with the law of nations and the established usages of Roman citizens, have none the less behaved like savages and have laid violent hands more often than once upon the inviolable magistrates of the Roman people, and designed the dastardly murder of Cassius2 in broad daylight in the middle of the forum." + }, + { + "id": 8332, + "la": "Vos ita pacem semper odistis ut nullo tempore legiones desitae sint populi Romani in hac provincia haberi", + "en": "You have always so hated peace that this province has never ceased to be occupied by the legions of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 8333, + "la": "Apud vos beneficia pro maleficiis, maleficia pro beneficiis habentur", + "en": "With you good deeds count as misdeeds, and vice versa." + }, + { + "id": 8334, + "la": "Ita neque in otio concordiam neque in bello virtutem ullo tempore retinere potuistis", + "en": "Consequently you have never been able to maintain harmony in peace or high morale in war." + }, + { + "id": 8335, + "la": "Privatus ex fuga Cn Pompeius adulescens a vobis receptus fascis imperiumque sibi arripuit, multis interfectis civibus auxilia contra populum Romanum comparavit, agros provinciamque vestro impulsu depopulavit", + "en": "It was you who harboured the young Cn. Pompeius after his flight; it was at your instigation that, albeit a private citizen, he seized the rods of office and usurped military command, put many citizens to death, raised armed forces to fight the Roman people, and laid waste the territories of the province." + }, + { + "id": 8336, + "la": "In quo vos victores exstabatis?", + "en": "On what field did you come out victorious?" + }, + { + "id": 8337, + "la": "An me deleto non animum advertebatis habere legiones populum Romanum, quae non solum vobis obsistere sed etiam caelum diruere possent?", + "en": "Or didnt you take into consideration the fact that, if I were done away with, the Roman people possessed legions which could not only offer you resistance but could also cause the heavens to fall?" + }, + { + "id": 8338, + "la": "C Nondum solis equos declinis mitigat aestas, quamvis et madidis incumbant prela racemis et spument rauco ferventia musta susurro", + "en": "C. Not yet doth the waning summer tame the suns horses, although the wine-presses are squeezing the juicy clusters and a hoarse whisper comes from the foaming must as it ferments." + }, + { + "id": 8339, + "la": "cernis ut ecce pater quas tradidit, Ornyte, vaccae molle sub hirsuta latus explicuere genista?", + "en": "Look, Ornytus, do you see how comfortably the cattle our father trusted us to watch have lain down to rest in the shaggy broom?" + }, + { + "id": 8340, + "la": "nos quoque vicinis cur non succedimus umbris?", + "en": "Why do not we also make for the neighbouring shade?" + }, + { + "id": 8341, + "la": "torrida cur solo defendimus ora galero?", + "en": "Why only a cap to protect our sunburnt faces?" + }, + { + "id": 8342, + "la": "O hoc potius, frater Corydon, nemus, antra petamus ista patris Fauni, graciles ubi pinea denset silva comas rapidoque caput levat obvia soli, bullantes ubi fagus aquas radice sub ipsa protegit et ramis errantibus implicat umbras", + "en": "O. Rather let us seek this grove, brother Corydon,'the grottoes over there, the haunt of Father Faunus, where the pine forest thickly spreads its delicate foliage and rears its head to meet the suns fierce rays, where the beech shields the waters that bubble neath its very roots, and with its straying boughs casts a tangled shade." + }, + { + "id": 8343, + "la": "C quo me cumque vocas, sequor, Ornyte; nam mea Leuce, dum negat amplexus nocturnaque gaudia nobis, pervia cornigeri fecit sacraria Fauni", + "en": "C. Whithersoever you call me, Ornytus, I follow. For by refusing my embraces and denying me nightly pleasures, my Leuce has left it lawful for me to enter the shrine of horned Faunus." + }, + { + "id": 8344, + "la": "prome igitur calamos et si qua recondita servas", + "en": "Produce your reed-pipes then and any song you keep stored for use." + }, + { + "id": 8345, + "la": "nec tibi defuerit mea fistula, quam mihi nuper matura docilis compegit harundine Ladon", + "en": "My pipe, you will find, will not fail you'the pipe that Ladons skill fashioned for me lately out of a ripely seasoned reed." + }, + { + "id": 8346, + "la": "O et iam captatae pariter successimus umbrae", + "en": "O. Now we have both come beneath the shade we sought." + }, + { + "id": 8347, + "la": "sed quaenam sacra descripta est pagina fago, quam modo nescio quis properanti falce notavit?", + "en": "But what legend is this inscribed upon the hallowed beech, which someone of late has scored with hasty knife?" + }, + { + "id": 8348, + "la": "aspicis ut virides etiam nunc littera rimas servet et arenti nondum se laxet hiatu?", + "en": "Do you notice how the letters still preserve the fresh greenness of their cutting and do not as yet gape with sapless slit?" + }, + { + "id": 8349, + "la": "C Ornyte, fer propius tua lumina: tu potes alto cortice descriptos citius percurrere versus;", + "en": "C. Ornytus, look closer. You can more quickly scan the lines inscribed on the bark high up." + }, + { + "id": 8350, + "la": "nam tibi longa satis pater internodia largus procerumque dedit mater non invida corpus", + "en": "You have length enough of limb by the bounty of your father, and tall stature ungrudgingly transmitted by your mother." + }, + { + "id": 8351, + "la": "O non pastor, non haec triviali more viator, sed deus ipse canit: nihil armentale resultat, nec montana sacros distinguunt iubila versus", + "en": "O. These be no verses in wayside style by shepherd or by traveller: tis a very god who sings. No ring here of cattle-stall; nor do alpine yodellings make refrains for the sacred lay." + }, + { + "id": 8352, + "la": "C mira refers; sed rumpe moras oculoque sequaci quamprimum nobis divinum perlege carmen", + "en": "C. You tell of miracles! Away with dallying; and at once with eager eye read me through the inspired poem." + }, + { + "id": 8353, + "la": "O qui iuga, qui silvas tueor, satus aethere Faunus, haec populis ventura cano: iuvat arbore sacra laeta patefactis incidere carmina fatis", + "en": "O. I, Faunus of celestial birth, guardian of hill and forest, foretell to the nations that these things shall come. Upon the sacred tree I please to carve the joyous lay in which destiny is revealed." + }, + { + "id": 8354, + "la": "vos praecipue nemorum gaudete coloni, vos populi gaudete mei: licet omne vagetur securo custode pecus nocturnaque pastor claudere fraxinea nolit praesepia crate:", + "en": "Rejoice above all, ye denizens of the woods; rejoice, ye peoples who are mine! All the herd may stray and yet no care trouble its guardian: the shepherd may neglect to close the pens at night with wattles of ash-wood" + }, + { + "id": 8355, + "la": "non tamen insidias praedator ovilibus ullas afferet aut laxis abiget iumenta capistris", + "en": "yet no robber shall bring his crafty plot upon the fold, or loosing the halters drive the bullocks off." + }, + { + "id": 8356, + "la": "aurea secura cum pace renascitur aetas et redit ad terras tandem squalore situque alma Themis posito iuvenemque beata sequuntur saecula, maternis causam qui vicit Iulis", + "en": "Amid untroubled peace, the Golden Age springs to a second birth; at last kindly Themis, a throwing off the gathered dust of her mourning, returns to the earth; blissful ages attend the youthful prince who pleaded a successful case for the Iuli of the mother town (of Troy)." + }, + { + "id": 8357, + "la": "dum populos deus ipse reget, dabit impia victas post tergum Bellona manus spoliataque telis in sua vesanos torquebit viscera morsus et, modo quae toto civilia distulit orbe, secum bella geret:", + "en": "While he, a very God, shall rule the nations, the unholy War-Goddess shall yield and have her vanquished hands bound behind her back, and, stripped of weapons, turn her furious teeth into her own entrails; upon herself shall she wage the civil wars which of late she spread oer all the world:" + }, + { + "id": 8358, + "la": "nullos iam Roma Philippos deflebit, nullos ducet captiva triumphos; omnia Tartareo subigentur carcere bella immergentque caput tenebris lucemque timebunt", + "en": "no battles like Philippi shall Rome lament henceforth: no triumph oer her captive self shall she celebrate. All wars shall be quelled in Tartarean durance: they shall plunge the head in darkness, and dread the light." + }, + { + "id": 8359, + "la": "Candida pax aderit; nec solum Candida vultu, qualis saepe fuit quae libera Marte professo, quae domito procul hoste tamen grassantibus armis publica diffudit tacito discordia ferro:", + "en": "Fair peace shall come, fair not in visage alone'such as she often was when, though free from open war, and with distant foe subdued, she yet mid the riot of arms spread national strife with secret steel." + }, + { + "id": 8360, + "la": "omne procul vitium simulatae cedere pacis iussit et insanos Clementia contudit enses", + "en": "Clemency has commanded every vice that wears the disguise of peace to betake itself afar: she has broken every maddened sword-blade." + }, + { + "id": 8361, + "la": "nulla catenati feralis pompa senatus carnificum lassabit opus, nec carcere pleno infelix raros numerabit Curia patres", + "en": "No more shall the funereal procession of a fettered senate weary the headsman at his task; no more will crowded prison leave only a senator here and there for the unhappy Curia to count." + }, + { + "id": 8362, + "la": "plena quies aderit, quae stricti nescia ferri altera Saturni referet Latialia regna, altera regna Numae, qui primus ovantia caede agmina, Romuleis et adhuc ardentia castris pacis opus docuit iussitque silentibus armis inter sacra tubas, non inter bella, sonare", + "en": "Peace in her fullness shall come; knowing not the drawn sword, she shall renew once more the reign of Saturn in Latium, once more the reign of Numa who first taught the tasks of peace to armies that rejoiced in slaughter and still drew from Romulus camp their fiery spirit'Numa who first hushed the clash of arms and bade the trumpet sound mid holy rites instead of war." + }, + { + "id": 8363, + "la": "iam nec adumbrati faciem mercatus honoris nec vacuos tacitus fasces et inane tribunal accipiet consul; sed legibus omne reductis ius aderit, moremque fori vultumque priorem reddet et afflictum melior deus auferet aevum", + "en": "No more shall the consul purchase the form of a shadowy dignity or, silenced, receive worthless fasces and meaningless judgement-seat. Nay, laws shall be restored; right will come in fullest force; a kinder god will renew the former tradition and look of the Forum and displace the age of oppression." + }, + { + "id": 8364, + "la": "exultet quaecumque notum gens ima iacentem erectumve colit boream, quaecumque vel ortu vel patet occasu mediove sub aethere fervit", + "en": "Let all the peoples rejoice, whether they dwell furthest down in the low south or in the uplifted north, whether they face the east or west or burn beneath the central zone." + }, + { + "id": 8365, + "la": "cernitis ut puro nox iam vicesima caelo fulgeat et placida radiantem luce cometem proferat?", + "en": "Do ye mark how already for a twentieth time the night is agleam in an unclouded sky, displaying a comet radiant in tranquil light?" + }, + { + "id": 8366, + "la": "ut liquidum niteat sine vulnere plenus?", + "en": "and how brightly, with no presage of bloodshed, twinkles its undiminished lustre?" + }, + { + "id": 8367, + "la": "numquid utrumque polum, sicut solet, igne cruento spargit et ardenti scintillat sanguine lampas?", + "en": "Is it with any trace of blood-hued flame that, as is a comets way, it besprinkles either pole?" + }, + { + "id": 8368, + "la": "at quondam non talis erat, cum Caesare rapto indixit miseris fatalia civibus arma", + "en": "does its torch flash with gory fire? But aforetime it was not such, when, at Caesars taking off, it pronounced upon luckless citizens the destined wars." + }, + { + "id": 8369, + "la": "scilicet ipse deus Romanae pondera molis fortibus excipiet sic inconcussa lacertis, ut neque translati sonitu fragor intonet orbis nec prius ex meritis defunctos Roma penates censeat, occasus nisi cum respexerit ortus.", + "en": "Assuredly a very god shall take in his strong arms the burden of the massive Roman state so unshaken, that the world will pass to a new ruler without the crash of reverberating thunder, and that Rome will not regard the dead as deified in accord with merit ere the dawn of one reign can look back on the setting of the last." + }, + { + "id": 8370, + "la": "C Ornyte, iam dudum velut ipso numine plenum me quatit et mixtus subit inter gaudia terror", + "en": "C. Ornytus, long has my very being, full of the gods own spirit, been thrilled with awe: mingling with my joy it steals upon me." + }, + { + "id": 8371, + "la": "sed bona facundi veneremur numina Fauni", + "en": "Come, let us praise the kindly divinity of eloquent Faunus." + }, + { + "id": 8372, + "la": "O carmina, quae nobis deus obtulit ipse canenda, dicamus teretique sonum modulemur avena: forsitan augustas feret haec Meliboeus ad aures", + "en": "O. Let us rehearse the strains which the god himself has presented us to be sung; let us make music for it on our rounded reed-pipe. Haply these verses will be borne by Meliboeus to our princes ears." + }, + { + "id": 8373, + "la": "Intactam Crocalen puer Astacus et puer Idas, Idas lanigeri dominus gregis, Astacus horti, dilexere diu, formosus uterque nec impar voce sonans", + "en": "The virgin Crocale for long was loved by young Astacus and young Idas'Idas who owned a wool-bearing flock and Astacus a garden. Comely were both; and well-matched in tuneful song." + }, + { + "id": 8374, + "la": "hi cum terras gravis ureret aestas, ad gelidos fontes et easdem forte sub umbras conveniunt dulcique simul contendere cantu pignoribusque parant: placet, hic ne vellera septem, ille sui victus ne messem vindicet horti; et magnum certamen erat sub iudice Thyrsi", + "en": "These, upon a day when oppressive summer scorched the earth, met by a cooling spring'as it chanced, beneath the same shady tree; and made ready to contend together in sweet singing and for a stake. It was agreed that Idas, if beaten, should forfeit seven fleeces and Astacus the produce of his garden for the year. Great was the contest to which Thyrsis listened as their judge." + }, + { + "id": 8375, + "la": "adfuit omne genus pecudum, genus omne ferarum et quodcumque vagis altum ferit aera pennis", + "en": "Cattle of every kind were there, wild beasts of every kind, and every creature whose roving wing smites the air aloft." + }, + { + "id": 8376, + "la": "convenit umbrosa quicumque sub ilice lentas pascit oves, Faunusque pater Satyrique bicornes; adfuerunt sicco Dryades pede, Naides udo, et tenuere suos properantia flumina cursus;", + "en": "There met every shepherd who feeds his lazy flocks beneath the shady oak, and Father Faunus too and the twy-horned Satyrs. Dry-foot the wood-nymphs came; with watery feet the river-nymphs;" + }, + { + "id": 8377, + "la": "desistunt tremulis incurrere frondibus Euri altaque per totos fecere silentia montes: omnia cessabant, neglectaque pascua tauri calcabant, illis etiam certantibus ausa est daedala nectareos apis intermittere flores", + "en": "and hastening torrents stayed their courses. East-winds ceased their rush upon the quivering leaves and so made deep silence over all the hills; everything stood idle; bulls trampled the pasture, which they heeded not; during that contest even the craftsman bee ventured to leave unvisited the nectar-yielding flowers." + }, + { + "id": 8378, + "la": "iamque sub annosa medius consederat umbra Thyrsis et o pueri me iudice pignora dixit irrita sint moneo: satis hoc mercedis habeto, si laudem victor, si fert opprobria victus", + "en": "Now under the shade of an aged tree had Thyrsis taken his seat between them and said, Lads, if I am to be judge, I urge that the stakes count for nothing. Let sufficient recompense be won herefrom, if the victor take the glory and the vanquished the reproach." + }, + { + "id": 8379, + "la": "et nunc alternos magis ut distinguere cantus possitis, ter quisque manus iactate micantes.", + "en": "Now, the better to mark off your alternate songs, raise in sudden movement each your hands three times." + }, + { + "id": 8380, + "la": "nec mora: decernunt digitis, prior incipit Idas", + "en": "They obey at once. The finger-trial decides, and Idas begins first." + }, + { + "id": 8381, + "la": "I me Silvanus amat, dociles mihi donat avenas et mea frondenti circumdat tempora taeda", + "en": "I. I am loved of Silvanus'he gives me reeds to obey my will'he wreathes my temples with leaves of pine." + }, + { + "id": 8382, + "la": "ille etiam parvo dixit mihi non leve carmen: iam levis obliqua crescit tibi fistula canna.", + "en": "To me while yet a boy he uttered this prophecy of no slender import: Already upon the sloping reed there grows a slender pipe for thee." + }, + { + "id": 8383, + "la": "A at mihi Flora comas pallenti gramine pingit et matura mihi Pomona sub arbore ludit", + "en": "A. But my locks doth Flora adorn with pale-green grasses, and for me Pomona in her ripeness sports beneath the tree." + }, + { + "id": 8384, + "la": "accipe dixerunt Nymphae puer, accipe fontes: iam potes irriguos nutrire canalibus hortos.", + "en": "Take, boy, said the nymphs, take for yourself these fountains. Now with the channels you can feed your well-watered orchard." + }, + { + "id": 8385, + "la": "I me docet ipsa Pales cultum gregis, ut niger albae terga maritus ovis nascenti mutet in agna, quae neque diversi speciem servare parentis possit et ambiguo testetur utrumque colore", + "en": "I. Pales herself teaches me the breeding of a flock, how a black ram mated with a white ewe produces a changed colour in the fleece of the lamb born to it, insomuch that the lamb cannot preserve the appearance of the sire so different from its dam, and yet testifies to both by varied colour." + }, + { + "id": 8386, + "la": "A non minus arte mea mutabilis induit arbos ignotas frondes et non gentilia poma: ars mea nunc malo pira temperat et modo cogit insita praecoquibus subrepere persica prunis", + "en": "A. No less transformable by my cunning, the tree puts on a dress of alien leaves and fruits of a diverse species. My cunning now crosses pears with apples and anon constrains engrafted peaches to supplant the early plums." + }, + { + "id": 8387, + "la": "I me teneras salices iuvat aut oleastra putare et gregibus portare novis, ut carpere frondes condiscant primoque recidere gramina morsu, ne depulsa vagas quaerat fetura parentes", + "en": "I. It is my joy to lop branches from tender willow or wild olive and carry them to the young flocks, that they may learn to nibble the leaves and crop the herbage with early bite, lest the lambs though weaned may follow their straying dams." + }, + { + "id": 8388, + "la": "A at mihi cum fulvis radicibus arida tellus pangitur, irriguo perfunditur area fonte et satiatur aqua, sucos ne forte priores languida mutata quaerant plantaria terra", + "en": "A. But I, when I plant tawny roots in the parched ground, drench the flower-bed with a welling flood and give it water in plenty lest haply the slips droop with the change of soil and feel the need of their former moisture." + }, + { + "id": 8389, + "la": "I o si quis Crocalen deus afferat! hunc ego terris, hunc ego sideribus solum regnare fatebor; secernamque nemus dicamque: sub arbore numen hac erit; ite procul'sacer est locus'ite profani.", + "en": "I. Oh, if some god bring me Crocale here, him will I acknowledge sole ruler of earth and stars. Unto him will I hallow a grove and say, Beneath this tree a divinity shall dwell. Begone, ye uninitiated, begone far hence, tis holy ground." + }, + { + "id": 8390, + "la": "A urimur in Crocalen: si quis mea vota deorum audiat, huic soli, virides qua gemmeus undas fons agit et tremulo percurrit lilia rivo, inter pampineas ponetur faginus ulmos", + "en": "A. I burn with love for Crocale: if any of the gods hear my prayer, to him alone shall be dedicated a beechen bowl among the vine-clad elms, where the sparkling brook speeds its waters, where it flows among the lilies with its rippling stream." + }, + { + "id": 8391, + "la": "I ne contemne casas et pastoralia tecta: rusticus est, fateor, sed non et barbarus Idas", + "en": "I. Scorn not the cottage and a shepherds homestead. Idas is a rustic, I allow; but he is not a savage too." + }, + { + "id": 8392, + "la": "saepe vaporato mihi cespite palpitat agnus, saepe cadit festis devota Parilibus agna", + "en": "Oft on the altar of smoking peat writhes the lamb offered by me, oft in death falls the ewe-lamb devoted at the festival of Pales." + }, + { + "id": 8393, + "la": "A nos quoque pomiferi laribus consuevimus horti mittere primitias et fingere liba Priapo, rorantesque favos damus et liquentia mella; nec fore grata minus, quam si caper imbuat aras", + "en": "A. I too have been wont to offer first-fruits to the gods a who protect my apple-orchard and to mould for Priapus cakes of sacrifice. Dripping combs of trickling honey I present'nor think they shall be less acceptable to heaven than a goats blood staining the altar." + }, + { + "id": 8394, + "la": "I mille sub uberibus balantes pascimus agnas, totque Tarentinae praestant mihi vellera matres; per totum niveus premitur mihi caseus annum: si venias, Crocale, totus tibi serviet hornus", + "en": "I. A thousand lambs I feed which bleat beneath their mothers teats; as many Tarentine ewes yield me their fleeces. Throughout the year I press the snow-white cheese: if you come, Crocale, the whole produce of this year will be at your command." + }, + { + "id": 8395, + "la": "A qui numerare velit quam multa sub arbore nostra poma legam, tenues citius numerabit harenas", + "en": "A. He who would count what multitude of apples I gather under my trees will sooner count fine sand." + }, + { + "id": 8396, + "la": "semper holus metimus, nec bruma nec impedit aestas: si venias, Crocale, totus tibi serviet hortus", + "en": "Ever am I plucking the green fruits of the earth'neither midwinter nor summer stays me. If you come, Crocale, the whole garden will be at your command." + }, + { + "id": 8397, + "la": "I quamvis siccus ager languentes excoquat herbas, sume tamen calathos nutanti lacte coactos: vellera tunc dabimus, cum primum tempus apricum surget et a tepidis fiet tonsura Kalendis", + "en": "I. Although the parched field is withering the drooping grass, yet accept from me pails of quivering curdled milk. Fleeces will I give in the early days of spring sunshine so soon as sheep-shearing starts with the temperate kalends." + }, + { + "id": 8398, + "la": "A at nos, quos etiam praetorrida munerat aestas, mille renidenti dabimus tibi cortice Chias, castaneasque nuces totidem, cum sole Decembri maturis nucibus virides rumpentur echinni", + "en": "A. But I who receive gifts even from the scorching summer will give you a thousand Chian figs of glistening skin, and as many chestnuts, when the December sun ripens the nuts and their green husks burst." + }, + { + "id": 8399, + "la": "I num, precor, informis videor tibi?", + "en": "I. Tell me, pray, you do not think me uncomely, do you?" + }, + { + "id": 8400, + "la": "num gravis annis?", + "en": "not laden with years?" + }, + { + "id": 8401, + "la": "decipiorque miser, quotiens mollissima tango ora manu primique sequor vestigia floris nescius et gracili digitos lanugine fallo?", + "en": "Is it my ill fortune to be deceived whenever my hand touches my tender cheeks and when unconsciously I trace the marks of my first bloom and beguile my fingers with the slender down?" + }, + { + "id": 8402, + "la": "A fontibus in liquidis quotiens me conspicor, ipse admiror totiens", + "en": "A. Whenever I see my image in the clear stream I wonder at myself." + }, + { + "id": 8403, + "la": "etenim sic flore iuventae induimur vultus, ut in arbore saepe notavi cerea sub tenui lucere cydonia lana", + "en": "For my visage clothes itself with the bloom of youth in like manner as I have oft remarked wax-like quinces glistening under the delicate down upon their tree." + }, + { + "id": 8404, + "la": "I carmina poscit amor, nec fistula cedit amori", + "en": "I. Love calls for song; nor is the pipe unequal to the call of love;" + }, + { + "id": 8405, + "la": "sed fugit ecce dies revocatque crepuscula vesper", + "en": "but lo! the day departs and evening brings the gloaming back." + }, + { + "id": 8406, + "la": "hinc tu, Daphni, greges, illinc agat Alphesiboeus", + "en": "On this side, Daphnis, drive the flocks'on that let Alphesiboeus drive them home." + }, + { + "id": 8407, + "la": "A iam resonant frondes, iam cantibus obstrepit arbos: i procul, o Doryla, plenumque reclude canalem, et sine iam dudum sitientes irriget hortos", + "en": "A. Now are the leaves a-rustling; now the forest drowns our song. Go yonder, Dorylas, go; and open full the channel. Let it water the garden-plots which have thirsted so long." + }, + { + "id": 8408, + "la": "vix ea finierant, senior cum talia Thyrsis: este pares et ob hoc concordes vivite; nam vos et decor et cantus et amor sociavit et aetas.", + "en": "Scarce had they finished so, when Thyrsis full of years gave judgement thus: Be equal: live therefore in amity; for beauty and song, love and youth, have made you comrades both." + }, + { + "id": 8409, + "la": "I Numquid in hac, Lycida, vidisti forte iuvencam valle meam?", + "en": "I. Have you chanced, Lycidas, to see a heifer of mine in this vale?" + }, + { + "id": 8410, + "la": "solet ista tuis occurrere tauris, et iam paene duas, dum quaeritur, eximit horas; nec tamen apparet", + "en": "She is wont to go to meet your bulls. By now the search for her has wasted nearly two hours; and in spite of all she is not to be seen." + }, + { + "id": 8411, + "la": "duris ego perdita ruscis iam dudum nullus dubitavi crura rubetis scindere, nec quicquam post tantum sanguinis egi", + "en": "For long have my legs been hurt by the rough broom and yet I have nowise shrunk from letting the bramble thickets scratch them: and after so much loss of blood I have effected nothing." + }, + { + "id": 8412, + "la": "L non satis attendi: nec enim vacat", + "en": "L. I paid not enough heed; for I have not the time." + }, + { + "id": 8413, + "la": "uror, Iolla, uror, et immodice: Lycidan ingrata reliquit Phyllis amatque novum post tot mea munera Mopsum", + "en": "I burn, I burn with love, Iollas'beyond all measure. Phyllis has left her Lycidas ungratefully, and after all my presents has found a new lover in Mopsus." + }, + { + "id": 8414, + "la": "I mobilior ventis o femina!", + "en": "I. O woman more inconstant than the wind!" + }, + { + "id": 8415, + "la": "sic tua Phyllis: quae sibi, nam memini, si quando solus abesses, mella etiam sine te iurabat amara videri", + "en": "Is it thus with your Phyllis, who, I remember, when you alone were absent, would swear that without you honey itself seemed bitter?" + }, + { + "id": 8416, + "la": "L altius ista querar, si forte vacabis, Iolla has pete nunc salices et laevas flecte sub ulmos", + "en": "L. These troubles I will tell more fully, when you chance to have leisure, Iollas. Search now these willows, and turn beneath the elms on the left." + }, + { + "id": 8417, + "la": "nam cum prata calent, illic requiescere noster taurus amat gelidaque iacet spatiosus in umbra et matutinas revocat palearibus herbas", + "en": "For there, when tis hot in the meadows, my bull loves to rest, as he reclines his great bulk in the cool shade, and in his mouth chews the cud after his mornings grazing." + }, + { + "id": 8418, + "la": "I non equidem, Lycida, quamvis contemptus, abibo", + "en": "I. No, Lycidas, I will not go away, though thus mocked by you." + }, + { + "id": 8419, + "la": "Tityre, quas dixit, salices pete solus et illinc, si tamen invenies, deprensam verbere multo huc age; sed fractum referas hastile memento", + "en": "Tityrus, by yourself make for those willows he spoke of, and if indeed you find the heifer, catch her and drive her thence with many a blow here; but remember to bring back your broken crook." + }, + { + "id": 8420, + "la": "nunc age dic, Lycida: quae noxam magna tulere iurgia?", + "en": "Come now, Lycidas, tell me. What great quarrel has brought the mischief?" + }, + { + "id": 8421, + "la": "quis vestro deus intervenit amori?", + "en": "What god has come to sunder the love of you two?" + }, + { + "id": 8422, + "la": "L Phyllide contentus sola (tu testis, Iolla) Callirhoen sprevi, quamvis cum dote rogaret: en, sibi cum Mopso calamos intexere cera incipit et puero comitata sub ilice cantat", + "en": "L. Content with only Phyllis (you are my witness, Iollas), I spurned Callirhoe although she asked my love with a dowry to offer. Then, lo! Phyllis begins to take Mopsus aid in joining reeds with wax and she sings beneath the oak attended by the youth." + }, + { + "id": 8423, + "la": "haec ego cum vidi, fateor, sic intimus arsi, ut nihil ulterius tulerim", + "en": "When I saw this, I own, such fire I felt within that I could endure no more:" + }, + { + "id": 8424, + "la": "nam protinus ambas diduxi tunicas et pectora nuda cecidi", + "en": "at once I tore open both her vests and beat her naked breast." + }, + { + "id": 8425, + "la": "Alcippen irata petit dixitque: relicto, improbe, te, Lycida, Mopsum tua Phyllis amabit.", + "en": "In fury she went to Alcippe, saying as she went, Spiteful Lycidas, your Phyllis will abandon you and give her love to Mopsus." + }, + { + "id": 8426, + "la": "nunc penes Alcippen manet; ac ne forte negetur, a! vereor; nec tam nobis ego Phyllida reddi exopto quam cum Mopso iurgetur anhelo", + "en": "And now in Alcippes house she stays; and oh, I fear that entry will be refused me. But more than I desire to have Phyllis restored to me, do I pant to see her quarrel with Mopsus." + }, + { + "id": 8427, + "la": "I a te coeperunt tua iurgia; tu prior illi victas tende manus; decet indulgere puellae, vel cum prima nocet", + "en": "I. It was with you that your quarrel began. You must be the first to stretch out to her your hands in surrender. It is fitting to show indulgence to a girl, even when she is the aggressor." + }, + { + "id": 8428, + "la": "si quid mandare iuvabit, sedulus iratae contingam nuntius aures", + "en": "If you please to send any word to her, I as your messenger will take care to win your angry mistress ear." + }, + { + "id": 8429, + "la": "L iam dudum meditor, quo Phyllida carmine placem", + "en": "L. Long have I been pondering with what song I am to pacify Phyllis." + }, + { + "id": 8430, + "la": "forsitan audito poterit mitescere cantu; et solet illa meas ad sidera ferre Camenas", + "en": "Mayhap, when she hears my lay, she can be softened: and it is her way to laud my poetry to the stars." + }, + { + "id": 8431, + "la": "I dic age; nam cerasi tua cortice verba notabo et decisa feram rutilanti carmina libro", + "en": "I. Come, speak'for I will carve your words upon the bark of the cherry-tree and then cut away the lines on the red rind and take them to her." + }, + { + "id": 8432, + "la": "L has tibi, Phylli, preces iam pallidus, hos tibi cantus dat Lycidas, quos nocte miser modulatur acerba, dum flet et excluso disperdit lumina somno", + "en": "L. These prayers, Phyllis, your Lycidas, now wan with grief, despatches to you, this song which in misery he plays through the painful night, weeping the while and by banishment of sleep doing despite to his eyes." + }, + { + "id": 8433, + "la": "non sic destricta marcescit turdus oliva, non lepus, extremas legulus cum sustulit uvas, ut Lycidas domina sine Phyllide tabidus erro", + "en": "No thrush grows thin so much when the olive-tree is stripped, nor hare when the gleaner has gathered the last grapes, as I, Lycidas, have pined a-wandering without Phyllis for my queen." + }, + { + "id": 8434, + "la": "te sine, vae misero, mihi lilia nigra videntur nec sapiunt fontes et acescunt vina bibenti", + "en": "Without you (poor wretch that I am!), lilies seem black to me, fountains lose their taste and wine as I drink turns sour." + }, + { + "id": 8435, + "la": "at si tu venias, et candida lilia fient et sapient fontes et dulcia vina bibentur", + "en": "But if you come, lilies will grow white again, fountains taste aright and wine be sweet to drink." + }, + { + "id": 8436, + "la": "ille ego sum Lycidas, quo te cantante solebas dicere felicem, cui dulcia saepe dedisti oscula nec medios dubitasti rumpere cantus atque inter calamos errantia labra petisti", + "en": "I am that Lycidas at whose singing you used to declare your joy, to whom you gave many a tender kiss, whose strains half-sung you did not hesitate to interrupt by seeking my lips as they strayed oer the reed-pipe." + }, + { + "id": 8437, + "la": "a dolor! et post haec placuit tibi torrida Mopsi vox et carmen iners et acerbae stridor avenae?", + "en": "O sorrow! and, after that, have you been pleased by the harsh voice of Mopsus, his lifeless song and the shriek of his strident pipe?" + }, + { + "id": 8438, + "la": "quem sequeris? quem, Phylli, fugis?", + "en": "Whom do you follow? and whom, Phyllis, do you avoid?" + }, + { + "id": 8439, + "la": "formosior illo dicor, et hoc ipsum mihi tu iurare solebas", + "en": "I am called more comely than he, and that is but what you were wont to say to me on oath." + }, + { + "id": 8440, + "la": "sum quoque divitior: certaverit ille tot haedos pascere quot nostri numerantur vespere tauri", + "en": "Besides, I am richer; let him vie in pasturing as many kids as there are bulls of mine counted at even-tide." + }, + { + "id": 8441, + "la": "quid tibi quae nosti referam?", + "en": "Why should I rehearse to you what you know?" + }, + { + "id": 8442, + "la": "scis, optima Phylli, quam numerosa meis siccetur bucula mulctris et quam multa suos suspendat ad ubera natos", + "en": "You are aware, darling Phyllis, how many heifers are milked over my pails, and how many have calves clinging to their teats." + }, + { + "id": 8443, + "la": "sed mihi nec gracilis sine te fiscella salicto texitur et nullo tremuere coagula lacte", + "en": "But when you are gone, I can weave no slender basket-work out of willow-withes: no milk quivers in its curdled form." + }, + { + "id": 8444, + "la": "quod si dura times etiam nunc verbera, Phylli, tradimus ecce manus: licet illae vimine torto, si libet, et lenta post tergum vite domentur, ut mala nocturni religavit bracchia Mopsi Tityrus et furem medio suspendit ovili", + "en": "But if even now, Phyllis, you are afraid of cruel blows, see, I surrender my hands: let them, if you choose, be bound with twisted osier and the tough vine-twig behind my back, as Tityrus once bound the knavish arms of your night-prowler Mopsus, and strung the thief up inside his sheepfold." + }, + { + "id": 8445, + "la": "accipe, ne dubites, meruit manus utraque poenas", + "en": "Take them, be not slow; both hands have earned their punishment." + }, + { + "id": 8446, + "la": "his tamen, his isdem manibus tibi saepe palumbes, saepe etiam leporem decepta matre paventem misimus in gremium; per me tibi lilia prima contigerunt primaeque rosae: vixdum bene florem degustarat apis, tu cingebare coronis", + "en": "Yet with these, yes, these same hands, have I many a time put turtle-doves or a frightened hare into your lap, after snaring their mother; through me it was your luck to get the earliest lilies and the earliest roses; scarce had the bee well partaken of the flower when you were crowned with chaplets." + }, + { + "id": 8447, + "la": "aurea sed forsan mendax tibi munera iactat, qui metere occidua ferales nocte lupinos dicitur et cocto pensare legumine panem: qui sibi tunc felix, tunc fortunatus habetur, vilia cum subigit manualibus hordea saxis", + "en": "But perhaps he may lyingly boast to you of golden gifts'he, who, they say, gathers the funeral lupines when night is far spent, and makes up for the lack of bread with a boiling of greens, who deems himself happy and blest by fate in the very hour when he grinds inferior barley with a mill his own hand works." + }, + { + "id": 8448, + "la": "quod si turpis amor precibus, quod abominor, istis obstiterit, laqueum miseri nectemus ab illa ilice, quae nostros primum violavit amores", + "en": "But if (I pray, heaven forfend!) a base passion is an obstacle to these my pleadings, I will in my misery twine a noose from yonder oak-tree which first did outrage to our affection." + }, + { + "id": 8449, + "la": "hi tamen ante mala figentur in arbore versus: credere, pastores, levibus nolite puellis; Phyllida Mopsus habet, Lycidan habet ultima rerum.' nunc age, si quicquam miseris succurris, Iolla, perfer et exora modulato Phyllida cantu", + "en": "Yet, ere all is oer, these lines shall be affixed upon the accursed tree: Shepherds, put not your trust in fickle maids. Phyllis is loved by Mopsus; the end of all claims Lycidas.'Come now, Iollas, if you have any help for misery, take this missive to Phyllis and entreat her with harmonious song." + }, + { + "id": 8450, + "la": "ipse procul stabo vel acuta carice tectus vel propius latitans vicina sepe sub horti", + "en": "Myself I will stand apart, perhaps concealed by prickly reed-grass or hiding nearer beneath the neighbouring garden hedge." + }, + { + "id": 8451, + "la": "I ibimus: et veniet, nisi me praesagia fallunt", + "en": "I. I will go: and Phyllis will come, unless the portents cheat me." + }, + { + "id": 8452, + "la": "nam bonus a! dextrum fecit mihi Tityrus omen, qui redit inventa non irritus ecce iuvenca", + "en": "For the good Tityrus has brought me an omen'ah! a favourable one! Look, he returns successful, my heifer found." + }, + { + "id": 8453, + "la": "M Quid tacitus, Corydon, vultuque subinde minaci quidve sub hac platano, quam garrulus adstrepit umor, insueta statione sedes?", + "en": "M. Corydon, why sit you silent with a visage that bodes something ever and anon? Why sit you in an unwonted place, beneath this plane-tree at whose roots brawl the prattling waters?" + }, + { + "id": 8454, + "la": "iuvat algida forsan ripa levatque diem vicini spiritus amnis?", + "en": "Maybe you like the watery bank, where the breeze from the neighbouring stream assuages the heat of day?" + }, + { + "id": 8455, + "la": "C carmina iam dudum, non quae nemorale resultent, volvimus, o Meliboee; sed haec, quibus aurea possint saecula cantari, quibus et deus ipse canatur, qui populos urbesque regit pacemque togatam", + "en": "C. For long, Meliboeus, have I been pondering verses, verses of no woodland ring but fit to celebrate the golden age, to praise even that very god who is sovereign over nations and cities and toga-clad peace." + }, + { + "id": 8456, + "la": "M dulce quidem resonas, nec te diversus Apollo despicit, o iuvenis, sed magnae numina Romae non ita cantari debent, ut ovile Menalcae", + "en": "M. Sweet of sound are your lays and tis not with cold disdain that Apollo looks upon you, young Corydon: but the divinities of mighty Rome are not to be extolled in the same style as the sheepfold of Menalcas." + }, + { + "id": 8457, + "la": "C quicquid id est, silvestre licet videatur acutis auribus et nostro tantum memorabile pago; nunc mea rusticitas, si non valet arte polita carminis, at certe valeat pietate probari", + "en": "C. Whateer my song, though it seem boorish to a critics ears and worthy of record only in my own village, yet, as things are, my awkwardness, even if lacking in poetrys polish and skill, must surely win approval for its loyalty." + }, + { + "id": 8458, + "la": "rupe sub hac eadem, quam proxima pinus obumbrat, haec eadem nobis frater meditatur Amyntas, quem vicina meis natalibus admovet aetas", + "en": "Beneath this same rock shaded by the nearest pine-tree, kindred strains to mine are composed by my brother Amyntas, whose neighbouring years bring his time of birth near to mine." + }, + { + "id": 8459, + "la": "M iam puerum calamos et odorae vincula cerae iungere non cohibes, levibus quem saepe cicutis ludere conantem vetuisti fronte paterna?", + "en": "M. Ah! do you not now stop the lad from joining his reeds in bonds of fragrant wax, as with a father-like frown you often checked him when he tried to play on slender hemlock-stems?" + }, + { + "id": 8460, + "la": "dicentem, Corydon, te non semel ista notavi:", + "en": "Not once alone, Corydon, have I remarked you giving advice like this:" + }, + { + "id": 8461, + "la": "frange, puer, calamos et inanes desere Musas; i, potius glandes rubicundaque collige corna, duc ad mulctra greges et lac venale per urbem non tacitus porta", + "en": "Boy, break your pipes, forsake the beggarly Muses. Go, gather acorns instead and red cornel-cherries; lead herds to the milking-pails; loud in your cry through the city carry your milk for sale." + }, + { + "id": 8462, + "la": "quid enim tibi fistula reddet, quo tutere famem?", + "en": "What will the pipe bring you to ward off famine?" + }, + { + "id": 8463, + "la": "certe mea carmina nemo praeter ab his scopulis ventosa remurmurat echo.", + "en": "Of a truth, no one repeats my lay save the wind-sped echo from yonder crags." + }, + { + "id": 8464, + "la": "C haec ego, confiteor, dixi, Meliboee, sed olim: non eadem nobis sunt tempora, non deus idem", + "en": "C. This, I confess, I did say, Meliboeus; but it was long ago; our times are not the same now, our god is changed." + }, + { + "id": 8465, + "la": "spes magis arridet: certe ne fraga rubosque colligerem viridique famem solarer hibisco, tu facis et tua nos alit indulgentia farre; tu nostras miseratus opes docilemque iuventam hiberna prohibes ieiunia solvere fago", + "en": "Hope wears a more radiant smile; in sooth, it is your doing that I no more gather strawberries and brambles, or assuage hunger with green mallow. Your kindness feeds us with grain. You, in pity for our means and quick-taught youth, stop us from dispelling hunger-pangs with beechnuts in winter." + }, + { + "id": 8466, + "la": "ecce nihil querulum per te, Meliboee, sonamus; per te secura saturi recubamus in umbra et fruimur silvis Amaryllidos, ultima nuper litora terrarum, nisi tu, Meliboee, fuisses, ultima visuri trucibusque obnoxia Mauris pascua Geryonis, liquidis ubi cursibus ingens dicitur occiduas impellere Baetis harenas", + "en": "Lo! tis thanks to you, Meliboeus, that no complaint passes our lips: thanks to you we recline well-fed in care-free shade, and enjoy the woodland of Amaryllis. b But for thee, Meliboeus, we should of late have looked upon the furthest, yea, the furthest shores of earth, Geryons meadows exposed to the Moors fury, where mighty Baetis, they say, with flowing currents strikes upon the western sands." + }, + { + "id": 8467, + "la": "scilicet extremo nunc vilis in orbe iacerem, a dolor!", + "en": "Doubtless should I now lie an outcast at the worlds end, oh, woe!" + }, + { + "id": 8468, + "la": "et pecudes inter conductus Iberas irrita septena modularer sibila canna; nec quisquam nostras inter dumeta", + "en": "and, but an hireling, among Iberian flocks should be playing on sevenfold pipe my unavailing scrannel tunes:" + }, + { + "id": 8469, + "la": "Camenas respiceret; non ipse daret mihi forsitan aurem, ipse deus vacuam, longeque sonantia vota vocabula litora et ultima traiecit scilicet extremo non exaudiret in orbe", + "en": "no one would give a glance at my muses among the thorn-bushes: he himself, our divine sovereign himself, mayhap would never lend a leisured ear to me, nor hear, in sooth, the distant sound of my prayers at earths furthest ends." + }, + { + "id": 8470, + "la": "sed nisi forte tuas melior sonus advocat aures et nostris aliena magis tibi carmina rident, vis, hodierna tua subigatur pagina lima?", + "en": "But if perchance no sweeter melody attract your ear, if the songs of others fail to charm you more than mine, will you let the page I compose to-day be corrected by your critical file?" + }, + { + "id": 8471, + "la": "nam tibi non tantum venturos dicere nimbos agricolis qualemque ferat sol aureus ortum attribuere dei, sed dulcia carmina saepe concinis, et modo te Baccheis Musa corymbis munerat et lauro modo pulcher obumbrat Apollo", + "en": "For not only have the gods given to you to tell husbandmen of coming rain-storms and of the kind of sunrise a golden sunset offers, but you are often the singer of sweet poetry, and now the Muse rewards you with Bacchic ivy-clusters, now fair Apollo shades your brow with laurel." + }, + { + "id": 8472, + "la": "quod si tu faveas trepido mihi, forsitan illos experiar calamos, here quos mihi doctus Iollas donavit dixitque:", + "en": "But if you would show favour to my nervous attempts, perhaps I might make trial of those reeds which skilful Iollas presented to me yesterday with the words," + }, + { + "id": 8473, + "la": "truces haec fistula tauros conciliat: nostroque sonat dulcissima Fauno", + "en": "This pipe wins over savage bulls, and makes sweetest melody to our own Faunus." + }, + { + "id": 8474, + "la": "Tityrus hanc habuit, cecinit qui primus in istis montibus Hyblaea modulabile carmen avena.", + "en": "It once was owned by Tityrus, who among these hills of yours was the first to sing his tuneful lay on the Hyblaean pipe." + }, + { + "id": 8475, + "la": "M magna petis, Corydon, si Tityrus esse laboras", + "en": "M. You aim high, Corydon, if you strive to be Tityrus." + }, + { + "id": 8476, + "la": "ille fuit vates sacer et qui posset avena praesonuisse chelyn, blandae cui saepe canenti allusere ferae, cui substitit advena quercus", + "en": "He was a bard inspired, one who could on the reed-pipe outplay the lyre. Often, while he sang, beasts of the wild fawned in frolic near, and the oak came close and halted there:" + }, + { + "id": 8477, + "la": "quem modo cantantem rutilo spargebat acantho Nais et implicitos comebat pectine crines", + "en": "did he but sing, a Naiad would adorn him with red acanthus and dress with a comb his tangled locks." + }, + { + "id": 8478, + "la": "C est'fateor, Meliboee,'deus: sed nec mihi Phoebus forsitan abnuerit; tu tantum commodus audi: scimus enim, quam te non aspernetur Apollo", + "en": "C. He is, I own, a poet divine, Meliboeus, but mayhap Phoebus will not say me nay either: do you but favourably hear me; for we know how far Apollo is from slighting you." + }, + { + "id": 8479, + "la": "M incipe, nam faveo; sed prospice, ne tibi forte tinnula tam fragili respiret fistula buxo, quam resonare solet, si quando laudat Alexin", + "en": "M. Begin, my favour is with you; but take heed lest perchance your tinkling pipe breathe from boxwood as frail as is its usual sound wheneer the praise of Alexis is the theme." + }, + { + "id": 8480, + "la": "hos potius, magis hos calamos sectare: canales exprime qui dignas cecinerunt consule silvas", + "en": "Rather these reeds, these far more you must pursue: press the pipes which sang of woods worthy a consul." + }, + { + "id": 8481, + "la": "incipe, ne dubita", + "en": "Begin; have no doubt." + }, + { + "id": 8482, + "la": "venit en et frater Amyntas: cantibus iste tuis alterno succinet ore", + "en": "See, your brother Amyntas comes too. In alternate refrain his voice will answer your verses." + }, + { + "id": 8483, + "la": "ducite, nec mora sit, vicibusque reducite carmen; tuque prior, Corydon, tu proximus ibis, Amynta", + "en": "Draw out your lay: dally not: in turns resume the song. You first, Corydon, and you will come next, Amyntas." + }, + { + "id": 8484, + "la": "C ab Iove principium, si quis canit aethera, sumat, si quis Atlantiaci pondus molitur Olympi: at mihi, qui nostras praesenti numine terras perpetuamque regit iuvenili robore pacem, laetus et augusto felix arrideat ore", + "en": "C. From Jove let every bard begin, whoso sings of the sky, whoso essays to describe the Olympian burden which Atlas bears. For myself, may I win a glad propitious smile from the imperial lips of him whose incarnate godhead rules our lands and whose youthful prowess rules the eternal peace." + }, + { + "id": 8485, + "la": "A me quoque facundo comitatus Apolline Caesar respiciat, montes neu dedignetur adire, quos et Phoebus amat, quos Iuppiter ipse tuetur: in quibus Augustos visuraque saepe triumphos laurus fructificat vicinaque nascitur arbos", + "en": "A. On me too may Caesar, with eloquent Apollo for comrade, look with favour: nor let him disdain to approach my hills which even Phoebus loves, which Jove himself protects; where blooms the laurel, destined to see many an imperial triumph, where rises too the laurels companion-tree." + }, + { + "id": 8486, + "la": "C ipse polos etiam qui temperat igne geluque, Iuppiter ipse parens, cui tu iam proximus ipse, Caesar, abes, posito paulisper fulmine saepe Cresia rura petit viridique reclinis in antro carmina Dictaeis audit Curetica silvis", + "en": "C. Even he, controller of the heavens in heat and cold, our father Jupiter himself, to whom you yourself, Caesar, now stand next, doth oft lay down his thunderbolt awhile to visit Cretan meads, and, in some verdant grot reclining, mid Dictes forests listens to Curetic lays." + }, + { + "id": 8487, + "la": "A adspicis, ut virides audito Caesare silvae conticeant?", + "en": "A. Do you see how the green woods are hushed at the sound of Caesars name?" + }, + { + "id": 8488, + "la": "memini, quamvis urgente procella sic nemus immotis subito requiescere ramis, et dixi: deus hinc, certe deus expulit euros. nec mora; Parrhasiae sonuerunt sibila cannae", + "en": "I remember how, despite the swoop of a storm, the grove, even as now, sank sudden into peace with boughs at rest. And I said, A god, surely a god has driven the east winds hence. Forthwith the Parrhasian reeds let their notes go free." + }, + { + "id": 8489, + "la": "C adspicis, ut teneros subitus vigor excitet agnos? utque superfuso magis ubera lacte graventur et nuper tonsis exundent vellera fetis?", + "en": "C. Do you see how a sudden vigour thrills the tender lambs, how the ewes teats are more heavily laden with abundant milk, how, just after shearing, the fleeces of the dams grow in luxuriant waves?" + }, + { + "id": 8490, + "la": "hoc ego iam, memini, semel hac in valle notavi et venisse Palen pecoris dixisse magistros", + "en": "This once ere now, I mind me, I noted in this valley, and how the shepherds said, Pales has come." + }, + { + "id": 8491, + "la": "A scilicet omnis eum tellus, gens omnis adorat, diligiturque deis, quem sic taciturna verentur arbuta, cuius iners audito nomine tellus incaluit floremque dedit; cui silva vocato densat odore comas, stupefacta regerminat arbos", + "en": "A. Yes, and him doth all the earth and every nation adore. He is beloved of the gods; as you see, the arbutus-tree pays him silent homage; at the sound of his name the sluggish earth has warmed to life and yielded flowers; invoke him, and in his honour the wood spreads thick its perfumed foliage, and the spellbound tree breaks into bud again." + }, + { + "id": 8492, + "la": "C illius ut primum senserunt numina terrae, coepit et uberior sulcis fallentibus olim luxuriare seges tandemque legumina plenis vix resonant siliquis; nec praefocata malignum messis habet lolium nec inertibus albet avenis", + "en": "C. As soon as the earth felt his divine influence, crops began to come in richer abundance, where furrows erstwhile disappointed hope; at length the beans scarce rattle in their well-filled pods: no harvest is choked with the spread of the barren tare, or whitens with unproductive oats." + }, + { + "id": 8493, + "la": "A iam neque damnatos metuit iactare ligones fossor et invento, si fors dedit, utitur auro; nec timet, ut nuper, dum iugera versat arator, ne sonet offenso contraria vomere massa, iamque palam presso magis et magis instat aratro", + "en": "A. No more does the digger dread to ply the criminal spade: what treasure-trove of gold chance offers him he puts to use. Nor, as of late, does the ploughman, while turning up his acres, fear that an ingot may ring against the impact of his ploughshare; now openly he pushes on more and more with plough deep-driven." + }, + { + "id": 8494, + "la": "C ille dat, ut primas Cereri dare cultor aristas possit et intacto Bromium perfundere vino, ut nudus ruptas saliat calcator in uvas utque bono plaudat paganica turba magistro, qui facit egregios ad pervia compita ludos", + "en": "C. By his favour the cultivator can give to Ceres the first corn-ears and to Bromius pour libation of wine till now unbroached; thanks to him the light-clad vintager tramples the bursting clusters and the village throng applauds their good mayor, who holds magnificent games at the meeting of the highways." + }, + { + "id": 8495, + "la": "A ille meis pacem dat montibus: ecce per illum, seu cantare iuvat seu ter pede lenta ferire gramina, nullus obest: licet et cantare choreis et cantus viridante licet mihi condere libro, turbida nec calamos iam surdant classica nostros", + "en": "A. He it is who bestows peace on my hills. See, it is through him that no one prevents me, if tis my pleasure to sing or to tread the sluggish grass in triple measure. In choral dance too may I sing, and I may preserve my songs on the green bark; and no more do boisterous trumpets drown our reed-pipes note." + }, + { + "id": 8496, + "la": "C numine Caesareo securior ipse Lycaeus Pan recolit silvas et amoena Faunus in umbra securus recubat placidoque in fonte lavatur Nais et humanum non calcatura cruorem per iuga siccato velox pede currit Oreas", + "en": "C. Emboldened by Caesars divine protection, Lycean Pan himself revisits the groves and Faunus reclines untroubled in the lovely shade. The Naiad bathes in the unruffled stream and, free from the risk of treading on human gore, the Oread courses swiftly oer mountain-ranges, her foot unstained." + }, + { + "id": 8497, + "la": "A di, precor, hunc iuvenem, quem vos (neque fallor) ab ipso aethere misistis, post longa reducite vitae tempora vel potius mortale resolvite pensum et date perpetuo caelestia fila metallo: sit deus et nolit pensare palatia caelo!", + "en": "A. O ye gods, I pray you, recall only after a long span of life this youth, whom ye, I know it well, have sent us from heaven itself: or rather untwine his allotted skein of mortality and grant him celestial threads of the metal of eternity. Let him be a god and yet loath to exchange his palace for the sky." + }, + { + "id": 8498, + "la": "C tu quoque mutata seu Iuppiter ipse figura, Caesar, ades seu quis superum sub imagine falsa mortalique lates (es enim deus): hunc, precor, orbem, hos, precor, aeternus populos rege! sit tibi caeli vilis amor coeptamque, pater, ne desere pacem!", + "en": "C. Thou too, Caesar, whether thou art Jupiter himself on earth in altered guise, or one other of the powers above concealed under an assumed mortal semblance (for thou art very God)'rule, I pray thee, this world, rule its peoples for ever! Let love of heaven count as nought with thee: abandon not, O Sire, the peace thou hast begun!" + }, + { + "id": 8499, + "la": "M rustica credebam nemorales carmina vobis concessisse deos et obesis auribus apta; verum, quae paribus modo concinuistis avenis, tam liquidum, tam dulce cadunt, ut non ego malim, quod Paeligna solent examina lambere nectar", + "en": "M. I used to think they were but rustic lays which the sylvan deities bestowed on you'lays fit for cloddish ears; but what you have even now sung on well-matched pipes has so clear, so sweet a fall that I would not liefer sip the nectarous honey which Pelignian swarms are wont to sip." + }, + { + "id": 8500, + "la": "C o mihi quae tereti decurrunt carmina versu tunc, Meliboee, sonent si quando montibus istis dicar habere Larem, si quando nostra videre pascua contingat!", + "en": "C. Oh! the songs of mine which run in humble verse would then, my Meliboeus, resound, if ever on these hills I were called the owner of a homestead, if ever I had the fortune to see pastures of my own." + }, + { + "id": 8501, + "la": "vellit nam saepius aurem invida paupertas et dicit: ovilia cura! at tu, si qua tamen non aspernanda putabis, fer, Meliboee, deo mea carmina: nam tibi fas est sacra Palatini penetralia visere Phoebi", + "en": "Too often does malicious poverty pluck my ear and say, The sheepfold is your task. But you, Meliboeus, if in spite of all you think that any of my poems are not to be disdained, then take them to the Emperor-God. For you have the right to visit the holy inner shrine of the Palatine Phoebus." + }, + { + "id": 8502, + "la": "tum mihi talis eris, qualis qui dulce sonantem Tityron e silvis dominam deduxit in urbem ostenditque deos et spreto dixit ovili, Tityre, rura prius, sed post cantabimus arma.", + "en": "Then you shall be to me such as he was who brought Tityrus b of tuneful song from the woods to the queen of cities, showed him the divine powers, and said, We will scorn the sheepfold, Tityrus, and sing first the countryside but, later, the weapons of war." + }, + { + "id": 8503, + "la": "A respiciat nostros utinam fortuna labores pulchrior et meritae faveat deus ipse iuventae!", + "en": "A. Oh, that a fairer fortune would look upon my labours and that the God in person would show favour to deserving youth!" + }, + { + "id": 8504, + "la": "nos tamen interea tenerum mactabimus haedum et pariter subitae peragemus fercula cenae", + "en": "Yet meanwhile we will slay a tender kid and prepare withal the courses of a hasty meal." + }, + { + "id": 8505, + "la": "M nunc ad flumen oves deducite: iam fremit aestas, iam sol contractas pedibus magis admovet umbras", + "en": "M. Take forthwith the sheep to the river. Now tis the raging heat of summer: now the sun curtails the shadows and brings them closer to our feet." + }, + { + "id": 8506, + "la": "Micon senior Canthusque, Miconis alumnus, torrentem patula vitabant ilice solem, cum iuveni senior praecepta daturus alumno talia verba refert tremulis titubantia labris: quas errare vides inter dumeta capellas canaque lascivo concidere gramina morsu, Canthe puer, quos ecce greges a monte remotos cernis in aprico decerpere gramina campo, hos tibi do senior iuveni pater: ipse tuendos accipe", + "en": "It fell out that the aged Micon and Canthus, Micons foster-son, were seeking shelter from the blazing sun beneath a spreading holm-oak, when to give counsel to his fosterling the old man with shaky lips uttered these faltering words: The she-goats you see straying among the thickets and cropping with playful bite the dew-glistening grass, the flocks, Canthus, my boy, which lo! you see have left the mountain-side and are browsing on the herbage in the sunny meadow, these I, your aged sire, make over to you, while you are yet young. Take them into your own charge:" + }, + { + "id": 8507, + "la": "iam certe potes insudare labori, iam pro me gnavam potes exercere iuventam", + "en": "now truly can you sweat oer the task, now in my stead you can ply your active youth." + }, + { + "id": 8508, + "la": "adspicis ut nobis aetas iam mille querellas afferat et baculum premat inclinata senectus?", + "en": "Do you see how the years now bring me a thousand plaints, and how the stoop of age leans on the staff?" + }, + { + "id": 8509, + "la": "sed qua lege regas et amantes lustra capellas et melius pratis errantes mollibus agnas, percipe", + "en": "But learn the rules for your control over the she-goats which love the copses and over the lambs which stray to better purpose in the grassy meadows." + }, + { + "id": 8510, + "la": "vere novo, cum iam tinnire volucres incipient nidosque reversa lutabit hirundo, protinus hiberno pecus omne movebis ovili", + "en": "In the fresh spring-time when birds will be already starting to twitter and the returned swallow daubing its nest with mud, you are forthwith to shift the whole flock from its winter fold." + }, + { + "id": 8511, + "la": "tunc etenim melior vernanti germine silva pullat et aestivas reparabilis incohat umbras, tunc florent saltus viridisque renascitur annus, tunc Venus et calidi scintillat fervor amoris lascivumque pecus salientes accipit hircos", + "en": "For richer then sprouts the wood with fresh-growing buds, and, as it revives, makes the beginning of summer shade. Then the glades are in blossom and the green year is born again. Then is Venus time, when sparkles the warm glow of love and the wanton herd welcomes the leaping he-goats." + }, + { + "id": 8512, + "la": "sed non ante greges in pascua mitte reclusos, quam fuerit placata Pales", + "en": "But do not turn loose the flocks and send them into the meadows till Pales has been propitiated." + }, + { + "id": 8513, + "la": "tum cespite vivo pone focum geniumque loci Faunumque Laresque salso farre voca; tepidos tunc hostia cultros imbuat: hac etiam, dum vivit, ovilia lustra", + "en": "Then build an altar of fresh sods and with salted meal invoke the genius of the place and Faunus and the Lares. Then let a victim stain the knives warm with blood: with it too, while it yet lives, purify the sheepfold." + }, + { + "id": 8514, + "la": "nec mora, tunc campos ovibus, dumeta capellis orto sole dabis, simul hunc transcendere montem coeperit ac primae spatium tepefecerit horae", + "en": "Thereafter, you will, without delay, let the sheep roam the meadows and the goats the thickets, when the sun has risen, as soon as he has begun to surmount the hill here and has warmed the course of the matin hour." + }, + { + "id": 8515, + "la": "at si forte vaces, dum matutina relaxat frigora sol, tumidis spumantia mulctra papillis implebit quod mane fluet; rursusque premetur mane quod occiduae mulsura redegerit horae", + "en": "But if you chance to have leisure, while the sun melts the frosts of dawn, the morning flow of milk will fill the pails a-frothing from the swelling dugs; and again the yield of milking at the evening hour will be pressed for cheese in the morning." + }, + { + "id": 8516, + "la": "parce tamen fetis: ne sint compendia tanti, destruat ut niveos venalis caseus agnos; nam tibi praecipuo fetura coletur amore", + "en": "Yet spare the younglings: let not thrift be of such moment that cheese for the market ruins the snow-white lambs. For the young you will tend with supreme regard." + }, + { + "id": 8517, + "la": "te quoque non pudeat, cum serus ovilia vises, si qua iacebit ovis partu resoluta recenti, hanc umeris portare tuis natosque tepenti ferre sinu tremulos et nondum stare paratos", + "en": "And, when at night you visit the sheepfold, if any ewe lies enfeebled by recent lambing, be not ashamed to carry her on your own shoulders and to bear in your warm bosom the quivering lambs that cannot yet stand." + }, + { + "id": 8518, + "la": "nec tu longinquas procul a praesepibus herbas nec nimis amotae sectabere pabula silvae, dum peragit vernum Iovis inconstantia tempus", + "en": "You must not seek out grazing-ground far distant from your stalls, nor the food yielded by too remote a wood while the fickleness of the sky is carrying the spring season to its close." + }, + { + "id": 8519, + "la": "veris enim dubitanda fides: modo fronte serena blandius arrisit, modo cum caligine nimbos intulit et miseras torrentibus abstulit agnas", + "en": "To be distrusted is the faith of spring: one hour she smiles coaxingly unclouded of brow; the next she brings rain-clouds with fog and bears away the luckless lambs in raging streams." + }, + { + "id": 8520, + "la": "at cum longa dies sitientes afferet aestus nec fuerit variante deo mutabile caelum, iam silvis committe greges, iam longius herbas quaere; sed ante diem pecus exeat: umida dulces efficit aura cibos, quotiens fugientibus euris frigida nocturno tanguntur pascua rore et matutinae lucent in gramine guttae", + "en": "But when long days bring the thirsty summer heats, when the weather is no longer changeable under an inconstant sky, then trust your flocks to the woodland, then seek for pasture at a greater distance; yet see that the herd goes out ere daylight. The moist air sweetens their food, whenever, as the east winds fall, the chill meadows are touched with night-dew and in the morning sparkling drops are on the grass." + }, + { + "id": 8521, + "la": "at simul argutae nemus increpuere cicadae, ad fontem compelle greges; nec protinus herbas et campos permitte sequi, sed protegat illos interea veteres quae porrigit aesculus umbras", + "en": "But as soon as the chirping tree-crickets shrill through the grove, drive your flocks to the waters, and do not allow them to range over grass and open fields without a respite; but for an interval let them be protected by the oak which spreads its ancient shade." + }, + { + "id": 8522, + "la": "verum ubi declini iam nona tepescere sole incipiet seraeque videbitur hora merendae, rursus pasce greges et opacos desere lucos", + "en": "When, however, neath a westering sun, the ninth hour already begins to mark a cooling of heat, when it seems to be time for a late luncheon, set your flocks grazing again and quit the shady groves." + }, + { + "id": 8523, + "la": "nec prius aestivo pecus includatur ovili, quam levibus nidis somnos captare volucris cogitet et tremulo queribunda fritinniat ore", + "en": "Do not pen your herd in the summer sheepfold until the birds in their fragile nests think of wooing sleep and twitter their plaints with tremulous note." + }, + { + "id": 8524, + "la": "cum iam tempus erit maturas demere lanas, sucida iam tereti constringere vellera iunco, hircorumque iubas et olentes caedere barbas, ante tamen secerne pecus gregibusque notatis consimiles include comis, ne longa minutis, mollia ne duris coeant, ne candida fuscis", + "en": "When the time is already come to shear the full-grown wool, the time to bind the greasy fleeces with swathes of rushes and cut the neck-tufts and rank beards of the he-goats, yet first separate the herd; brand your flocks and pen together the sheep of similar wool, lest long go with short, smooth with rough, or white with dark." + }, + { + "id": 8525, + "la": "sed tibi cum vacuas posito velamine costas denudavit ovis, circumspice, ne sit acuta forpice laesa cutis, tacitum ne pustula virus texerit occulto sub vulnere: quae nisi ferro rumpitur, a! miserum fragili rubigine corpus arrodet sanies et putria contrahet ossa", + "en": "But when you find a sheep has bare sides after losing the covering fleece, take heed lest the skin has been hurt by the sharp shears and lest an inflamed sore has covered a secret poison beneath the unnoticed wound; unless the sore is opened with the steel, alas! the corrupted blood will eat away the wretched body by reason of the tender ulcer and will shrivel the bones into a crumbling mass." + }, + { + "id": 8526, + "la": "providus (hoc moneo) viventia sulphura tecum et scillae caput et virosa bitumina portes, vulneribus laturus opem; nec Brutia desit pix tibi: tu liquido picis unguine terga memento, si sint rasa, linas", + "en": "Here is my counsel; have the foresight to take with you native sulphur and the head of a sea-leek and strong-smelling bitumen, so that you may bring relief to such wounds. Be not without Bruttian pitch; if the back is torn, forget not to smear it with the liquid ointment;" + }, + { + "id": 8527, + "la": "vivi quoque pondera melle argenti coquito lentumque bitumen aheno, impressurus ovi tua nomina; nam tibi lites auferet ingentes lectus possessor in armo", + "en": "steep too a heavy mass of quicksilver in honey and sticky pitch in a cauldron, when you mean to stamp your name on your sheep, for the owners name read on the shoulder will save you from serious law-suits." + }, + { + "id": 8528, + "la": "nunc etiam, dum siccus ager, dum fervida tellus, dum rimosa palus et multo torrida limo aestuat et fragiles nimium sol pulverat herbas, lurida conveniet succendere galbana septis et tua cervino lustrare mapalia fumo", + "en": "Now also, while the field is parched and earth burning hot, while the marsh is seamed with cracks, scorched and seething in its plenteous mud, and the sun too powerfully reduces the slender herbs to dust, then it will be suitable to set on fire pale yellow gum-resin in the folds and purify your huts with the fumes of burned harts horn." + }, + { + "id": 8529, + "la": "obfuit ille malis odor anguibus: ipse videbis serpentum cecidisse minas: non stringere dentes ulla potest uncos, sed inani debilis ore marcet et obtuso iacet exarmata veneno", + "en": "Such an odour is enemy to noxious snakes; with your own eyes you will see the serpents threatening mien collapse; not one can bare its crooked fangs, but, jaw powerless, each shrivels in weakness and, with its poison blunted, lies disarmed." + }, + { + "id": 8530, + "la": "nunc age vicinae circumspice tempora brumae qua ratione geras", + "en": "Now come, take heed how to manage the season of approaching winter." + }, + { + "id": 8531, + "la": "aperit cum vinea sepes et portat lectas securus circitor uvas, incipe falce nemus vivasque recidere frondes", + "en": "When the vineyard clears its rows, and the watchman, care-free, carries home the gathered grapes, then begin to prune the wood and its unwithered leaves." + }, + { + "id": 8532, + "la": "nunc opus est teneras summatim stringere virgas, nunc hiemi servare comas, dum permanet umor, dum viret et tremulas non excutit Africus umbras", + "en": "Now is there need to lop the tender twigs at the top of the tree, now to conserve leaves for the winter, while the sap remains, while the wood is green and the African wind does not yet dislodge the quivering shade." + }, + { + "id": 8533, + "la": "has tibi conveniet tepidis fenilibus olim promere, cum pecudes extremus clauserit annus", + "en": "These leaves you will find it serviceable to bring out from your warm haylofts later, when the end of the year has confined your cattle to the fold." + }, + { + "id": 8534, + "la": "hac tibi nitendum est, labor hic in tempore noster, gnavaque sedulitas redit et pastoria virtus", + "en": "Thus must you strive amain; such is our work in due season. Vigorous industry and the shepherds manly task ever come round again." + }, + { + "id": 8535, + "la": "ne pigeat ramos siccis miscere recentes et sucos adhibere novos, ne torrida nimbis instet hiemps nimioque gelu nivibusque coactis incursare vetet nemus et constringere frondes; tu tamen aut leves hederas aut molle salictum valle premes media", + "en": "Be not slow to mingle fresh boughs with dry and to supply new sap, lest biting winter swoop upon you with its rain-clouds and by excessive frost and drifts of snow prevent you from raiding the forest and from making bundles of leaves; but in the heart of the valley you will prune the smooth ivy or pliant willow-copse." + }, + { + "id": 8536, + "la": "sitis est pensanda tuorum, Canthe, gregum viridante cibo: nihil aridus illis, ingenti positus quamvis strue, prosit acervus", + "en": "With fresh green fodder, Canthus, you must allay the thirst of your flocks. No withered heap, stacked in however huge a pile, would avail them," + }, + { + "id": 8537, + "la": "virgea si desint liquido turgentia suco et quibus est aliquid plenae vitale medullae", + "en": "if you lacked fodder of sprouts which are swollen with juicy sap and have some life-giving substance of fullest pith." + }, + { + "id": 8538, + "la": "praecipue gelidum stipula cum fronde caduca sterne solum, ne forte rigor penetrabile corpus urat et interno vastet pecuaria morbo", + "en": "Above all strew the chill ground with stubble as well as fallen leaves lest frost nip the sensitive body and waste the herds with deep-set disease." + }, + { + "id": 8539, + "la": "plura quidem meminisse velim, nam plura supersunt", + "en": "Fain would I recall more precepts; for more remain." + }, + { + "id": 8540, + "la": "sed iam sera dies cadit et iam sole fugato frigidus aestivas impellit Noctifer horas.", + "en": "But now the late day falls; and, now that the sun is put to flight, the chill Night-Bringer drives forth the summer hours." + }, + { + "id": 8541, + "la": "A Serus ades, Lycida: modo Nyctilus et puer Alcon certavere sub his alterno carmine ramis iudice me, sed non sine pignore", + "en": "A. You are here too late, Lycidas. Just now Nyctilus and young Alcon have been contending in alternate song beneath these branches. I was umpire: each laid a stake." + }, + { + "id": 8542, + "la": "Nyctilus haedos iuncta matre dedit; catulum dedit ille leaenae iuravitque genus, sed sustulit omnia victor", + "en": "Nyctilus pledged his goat-kids along with their mother; Alcon pledged a whelp from a lioness mother, affirming its breed on oath. But he won and carried off all." + }, + { + "id": 8543, + "la": "L Nyctilon ut cantu rudis exsuperaverit Alcon, Astyle, credibile est, si vincat acanthida cornix, vocalem superet si dirus aedona bubo", + "en": "L. That untrained Alcon can have beaten Nyctilus in song is only believable, Astylus, if the crow can excel the goldfinch or the eerie owl surpass the tuneful nightingale." + }, + { + "id": 8544, + "la": "A non potiar Petale, qua nunc ego maceror una, si magis aut docili calamorum Nyctilus arte aut cantu magis est quam vultu proximus illi", + "en": "A. May I never win Petale, for whom alone I pine, if Nyctilus can rank next him in trained skill upon the pipes or in song any more than in looks." + }, + { + "id": 8545, + "la": "L iam non decipior: te iudice pallidus alter venit et hirsuta spinosior hystrice barbam; candidus alter erat levique decentior ovo et ridens oculis crinemque simillimus auro, qui posset dici, si non cantaret, Apollo", + "en": "L. No longer am I deceived. When you were umpire, Nyctilus came pale, his beard pricklier than the bristly porcupine. But his rival was fair, sleeker than a smooth egg, with laughter in his eyes and the very gleam of gold in his hair, worthy the name Apollo, if only he did not sing." + }, + { + "id": 8546, + "la": "A o Lycida, si quis tibi carminis usus inesset, tu quoque laudatum nosses Alcona probare", + "en": "A. O Lycidas, if youd any practice in song, you too would know how to applaud Alcon and award him the palm." + }, + { + "id": 8547, + "la": "L vis igitur, quoniam nec nobis, improbe, par es, ipse tuos iudex calamos committere nostris? vis conferre manum? veniat licet arbiter Alcon", + "en": "L. Well then, since youre not on a level even with me, you rascal, will you yourself, umpire though youve been, match your reed-pipes against mine? Will you join strife? Alcon, if you like, may come as arbiter." + }, + { + "id": 8548, + "la": "A vincere tu quemquam? vel te certamine quisquam dignetur, qui vix stillantes, aride, voces rumpis et expellis male singultantia verba?", + "en": "A. Can you beat anyone? or would anyone deign to compete with you?'scarce can your dry throat jerk out its dribbling notes and squirt words forth in miserable gasps." + }, + { + "id": 8549, + "la": "L fingas plura licet: nec enim potes, improbe, vera exprobrare mihi, sicut tibi multa Lycotas", + "en": "L. More lies you may tell; and yet, you rascal, you cant bring true reproaches against me like all that Lycotas brings against you." + }, + { + "id": 8550, + "la": "sed quid opus vana consumere tempora lite?", + "en": "But what need to waste our time in fruitless wrangling?" + }, + { + "id": 8551, + "la": "ecce venit Mnasyllus: erit (nisi forte recusas) arbiter inflatis non credulus, improbe, verbis", + "en": "See, here comes Mnasyllus. He will be (unless mayhap you shirk the challenge) an umpire undeceived, you rascal, by boastful words." + }, + { + "id": 8552, + "la": "A malueram, fateor, vel praedamnatus abire quam tibi certanti partem committere vocis", + "en": "A. I own I had preferred to depart, even though condemned beforehand, rather than match a bit of my voice against your rivalry." + }, + { + "id": 8553, + "la": "ne tamen hoc impune feras: en adspicis illum, candida qui medius cubat inter lilia, cervum?", + "en": "Still, that you may not go unpunished for all this'look, do you see yonder stag that reclines in the heart of the white lilies?" + }, + { + "id": 8554, + "la": "quamvis hunc Petale mea diligat, accipe victor", + "en": "Though my own Petale is fond of him, take him if you win." + }, + { + "id": 8555, + "la": "scit frenos et ferre iugum sequiturque vocantem credulus et mensae non improba porrigit ora", + "en": "He is trained to bear reins and yoke and follows a call with trustfulness; tis no glutton mouth he shoots out for his food." + }, + { + "id": 8556, + "la": "adspicis, ut fruticat late caput utque sub ipsis cornibus et tereti pendent redimicula collo?", + "en": "Do you see how his head branches wide with antlers, and how the necklet hangs beneath his very horns and shapely neck?" + }, + { + "id": 8557, + "la": "adspicis, ut niveo frons irretita capistro lucet et a dorso, quae totam circuit alvum, alternat vitreas lateralis cingula bullas?", + "en": "Do you see how his forehead gleams, enmeshed with snowy frontlet, and how from his back the side girth, circling his whole belly, has amulets of glass on this side and on that?" + }, + { + "id": 8558, + "la": "cornua subtiles ramosaque tempora molles implicuere rosae rutiloque monilia torque extrema cervice natant, ubi pendulus apri dens sedet et nivea distinguit pectora luna", + "en": "Roses twine neatly round his horns and softly round his branching temples; and a collaret with red-gold chain dangles from beneath the neck, where a boars pendent tusk is set, showing up his breast with snow-white crescent." + }, + { + "id": 8559, + "la": "hunc, sicutque vides, pignus, Mnasylle, paciscor pendere, dum sciat hic se non sine pignore vinci", + "en": "This stag, just as you see. him, is the stake whose forfeiture I risk, Mnasyllus, to secure that this fellow may know he is not worsted in a stakeless conflict." + }, + { + "id": 8560, + "la": "L terreri, Mnasylle, suo me munere credit: adspice, quam timeam! genus est, ut scitis, equarum non vulgare mihi; quarum de sanguine ponam velocem Petason, qui gramina matre relicta nunc primum teneris libavit dentibus: illi terga sedent, micat acre caput, sine pondere cervix, pes levis, adductum latus, excelsissima frons est, et tornata brevi substringitur ungula cornu, ungula, qua viridi sic exsultavit in arvo, tangeret ut fragiles, sed non curvaret, aristas: hunc dare, si vincar, silvestria numina iuro", + "en": "L. He thinks, Mnasyllus, that his wager frightens me. Look how alarmed I am! You know I have some mares of no mean breed; from their stock swift-footed Petasos I will stake: now for the first time weaned from his mother, he has cropped the grass with tender teeth. His back is firmly set, head tossing keenly, neck free from over-weight, foot light, flank thin, forehead high-poised; and below, in narrow sheath of horn, is bound his shapely hoof'the hoof which takes him prancing across the green cornland so lightly as to touch, but not bend, the slender blades. By the woodland deities I swear, him I will give, if I lose." + }, + { + "id": 8561, + "la": "M et vacat et vestros cantus audire iuvabit", + "en": "M. I am at leisure and twill be a joy to hear your songs." + }, + { + "id": 8562, + "la": "iudice me sane contendite, si libet: istic protinus ecce torum fecere sub ilice Musae", + "en": "Compete, of course, if you so wish and I will judge. Look, yonder, straight ahead, the Muses have made a couch under the ilex-tree." + }, + { + "id": 8563, + "la": "A sed, ne vicini nobis sonus obstrepat amnis, gramina linquamus ripamque volubilis undae", + "en": "A. Nay, let us leave the meadow and the bank of the flowing stream, so that the sound of the neighbouring river may not drown our music." + }, + { + "id": 8564, + "la": "namque sub exeso raucum mihi pumice lymphae respondent et obest arguti glarea rivi", + "en": "For under the worn porous rock the waters echo me hoarsely, and the gravel of the babbling brook spoils a song." + }, + { + "id": 8565, + "la": "L si placet, antra magis vicinaque saxa petamus, saxa, quibus viridis stillanti vellere muscus dependet scopulisque cavum sinuantibus arcum imminet exesa veluti testudine concha", + "en": "L. If you wish, let us seek the caves rather and the crags which neighbour them, those crags where clings green moss with dripping fleece, and a vaulted roof, as it were of tortoise-shell scooped out, overhangs the rocks which make a curving hollow arch." + }, + { + "id": 8566, + "la": "M venimus et tacito sonitum mutavimus antro: seu residere libet, dabit ecce sedilia tophus, ponere seu cubitum, melior viret herba tapetis", + "en": "M. We have arrived; we have exchanged the noise for the silent cave. If you wish to sit down, look, the tufa will afford a seat; if you wish to recline, the green grass is better than couch-coverlets." + }, + { + "id": 8567, + "la": "nunc mihi seposita reddantur carmina lite; nam vicibus teneros malim cantetis amores: Astyle, tu Petalen, Lycida, tu Phyllida lauda", + "en": "Now, away with your wrangling and render me your songs; I would rather that in turn you sang of tender love-affairs. Astylus, sing you the praises of Petale, and you, Lycidas, of Phyllis." + }, + { + "id": 8568, + "la": "L tu modo nos illis (iam nunc, Mnasylle, precamur) auribus accipias, quibus hunc et Acanthida nuper diceris in silva iudex audisse Thalea", + "en": "L. I pray you, Mnasyllus, do you but hear us this very hour with that same ear with which, tis said, you heard and judged Astylus and Acanthis of late in the Thalean wood." + }, + { + "id": 8569, + "la": "A non equidem possum, cum provocet iste, tacere", + "en": "A. I cannot keep quiet when that fellow provokes me." + }, + { + "id": 8570, + "la": "rumpor enim, Mnasylle: nihil nisi iurgia quaerit", + "en": "I am ready to burst, Mnasyllus; he is only seeking a quarrel." + }, + { + "id": 8571, + "la": "audiat aut dicat, quoniam cupit; hoc mihi certe dulce satis fuerit, Lycidam spectare trementem, dum te teste palam sua crimina pallidus audit", + "en": "Let him listen or recite, since so he desires. Twill be joy enough for me to watch Lycidas quaking, when, blenched, he hears in your presence his evil deeds made public." + }, + { + "id": 8572, + "la": "L me, puto, vicinus Stimicon, me proximus Aegon hos inter frutices tacite risere volentem oscula cum tenero simulare virilia Mopso", + "en": "L. It was at me, I suppose, friend Stimicon and at me neighbour Aegon had their secret laugh in the shrubbery here for wanting to ape the kisses of a grown man with young Mopsus." + }, + { + "id": 8573, + "la": "A fortior o utinam nondum Mnasyllus adesset! efficerem, ne te quisquam tibi turpior esset", + "en": "A. Mnasyllus is stronger than I am. Oh, I wish he were still off the scene! then Id take good care that you (Lycidas) never saw an uglier face than your own!" + }, + { + "id": 8574, + "la": "M quid furitis, quo vos insania tendere iussit?", + "en": "M. Why do you storm at each other? To what bounds has your madness urged you to go?" + }, + { + "id": 8575, + "la": "si vicibus certare placet'sed non ego vobis arbiter: hoc alius possit discernere iudex! et venit ecce Micon, venit et vicinus Iollas: litibus hi vestris poterunt imponere finem", + "en": "If you want to compete in turn''But no, Ill not be your umpire: someone else may be the judge to settle this! Look, here come both Mycon and neighbour Iollas: they will be able to put a close to your strife." + }, + { + "id": 8576, + "la": "L Lentus ab urbe venis, Corydon; vicesima certe nox fuit, ut nostrae cupiunt te cernere silvae, ut tua maerentes exspectant iubila tauri", + "en": "L. You are slow, Corydon, in coming back from Rome. For twenty nights past, of a truth, have our woods longed to see you, and the saddened bulls waited for your yodellings." + }, + { + "id": 8577, + "la": "C o piger, o duro non mollior axe, Lycota, qui veteres fagos nova quam spectacula mavis cernere, quae patula iuvenis deus edit harena", + "en": "C. O you slow-coach, no more unbending than a tough axle, Lycotas, you prefer to see old beech-trees rather than the new sights exhibited by our youthful god in the spacious arena." + }, + { + "id": 8578, + "la": "L mirabar, quae tanta foret tibi causa morandi, cur tua cessaret taciturnis fistula silvis et solus Stimicon caneret pallente corymbo: quem sine te maesti tenero donavimus haedo", + "en": "L. I wondered what could be reason enough for your delay, why your pipe was idle in the silent woods, and why Stimicon, decked in pale ivy, sang alone: to him, for want of you, we have sadly awarded a tender kid." + }, + { + "id": 8579, + "la": "nam, dum lentus abes, lustravit ovilia Thyrsis, iussit et arguta iuvenes certare cicuta", + "en": "For while you tarried from home, Thyrsis purified the sheepfolds and bade the youths compete on shrill-toned reed." + }, + { + "id": 8580, + "la": "C sit licet invictus Stimicon et praemia dives auferat, accepto nec solum gaudeat haedo, verum tota ferat quae lustrat ovilia Thyrsis: non tamen aequabit mea gaudia; nec mihi, si quis omnia Lucanae donet pecuaria silvae, grata magis fuerint quam quae spectavimus urbe", + "en": "C. Let Stimicon be unconquered and win prizes to enrich him,'let him not only rejoice in the kid he has received, but let him carry off the whole of the folds which Thyrsis purifies, still he will not equal my joys, nor yet, if someone gave me all the herds of Lucanian forests, would they delight me more than what I have seen in Rome." + }, + { + "id": 8581, + "la": "L dic age dic, Corydon, nec nostras invidus aures despice: non aliter certe mihi dulce loquere quam cantare soles, quotiens ad sacra vocatur aut fecunda Pales aut pastoralis Apollo", + "en": "L. Tell me, come, tell me, Corydon. Be not so grudging as to disdain my ears. Truly, I shall find your words as sweet as your songs are wont to be whenever men to sacred rites invoke Pales the fertile or Apollo of the herds." + }, + { + "id": 8582, + "la": "C vidimus in caelum trabibus spectacula textis surgere, Tarpeium prope despectantia culmen; emensique gradus et clivos lene iacentes venimus ad sedes, ubi pulla sordida veste inter femineas spectabat turba cathedras", + "en": "C. I saw a theatre that rose skyward on interwoven beams and almost looked down on the summit of the Capitoline. Passing up the steps and slopes of gentle incline, we came to the seats, where in dingy garments the baser sort viewed the show close to the womens benches." + }, + { + "id": 8583, + "la": "nam quaecumque patent sub aperto libera caelo, aut eques aut nivei loca densavere tribuni", + "en": "For the uncovered parts, exposed beneath the open sky, were thronged by knights or white-robed tribunes." + }, + { + "id": 8584, + "la": "qualiter haec patulum concedit vallis in orbem et sinuata latus resupinis undique silvis inter continuos curvatur concava montes: sic ibi planitiem curvae sinus ambit harenae et geminis medium se molibus alligat ovum", + "en": "Just as the valley here expands into a wide circuit, and, winding at the side, with sloping forest background all around, stretches its concave curve amid the unbroken chain of hills, so there the sweep of the amphitheatre encircles the level ground, and the oval in the middle is bound by twin piles of building." + }, + { + "id": 8585, + "la": "quid tibi nunc referam, quae vix suffecimus ipsi per partes spectare suas? sic undique fulgor percussit", + "en": "Why should I now relate to you things which I myself could scarcely see in their several details? So dazzling was the glitter everywhere." + }, + { + "id": 8586, + "la": "stabam defixus et ore patenti cunctaque mirabar necdum bona singula noram, cum mihi iam senior, lateri qui forte sinistro iunctus erat, quid te stupefactum, rustice, dixit ad tantas miraris opes, qui nescius auri sordida tecta, casas et sola mapalia nosti? en ego iam tremulus iam vertice canus et ista factus in urbe senex stupeo tamen omnia: certe vilia sunt nobis, quaecumque prioribus annis vidimus, et sordet quicquid spectavimus olim.", + "en": "Rooted to the spot, I stood with mouth agape and marvelled at all, nor yet had I grasped every single attraction, when a man advanced in years, next me as it chanced on my left, said to me: Why wonder, country-cousin, that you are spellbound in face of such magnificence? you are a stranger to gold and only know the cottages and huts which are your humble homes. Look, even I, now palsied with age, now hoary-headed, grown old in the city there, nevertheless am amazed at it all. Certes, we rate all cheap we saw in former years, and shabby every show we one day watched." + }, + { + "id": 8587, + "la": "balteus en gemmis, en illita porticus auro certatim radiant; nec non, ubi finis harenae proxima marmoreo praebet spectacula muro, sternitur adiunctis ebur admirabile truncis et coit in rotulum, tereti qui lubricus axe impositos subita vertigine falleret ungues excuteretque feras", + "en": "Look, the partition-belt begemmed and the gilded arcade vie in brilliancy; and withal just where the end of the arena presents the seats closest to the marble wall, a wondrous ivory is inlaid on connected beams and unites into a cylinder which, gliding smoothly on well-shaped axle, could by a sudden turn balk any claws set upon it and shake off the beasts." + }, + { + "id": 8588, + "la": "auro quoque torta refulgent retia, quae totis in harenam dentibus exstant, dentibus aequatis; et erat (mihi crede, Lycota, si qua fides) nostro dens longior omnis aratro", + "en": "Bright too is the gleam from the nets of gold wire which project into the arena hung on solid tusks, tusks of equal size; and (believe me, Lycotas, if you have any trust in me) every tusk was longer than our plough." + }, + { + "id": 8589, + "la": "ordine quid referam? vidi genus omne ferarum, hic niveos lepores et non sine cornibus apros, hic raram silvis etiam, quibus editur, alcen", + "en": "Why narrate each sight in order? Beasts of every kind I saw; here I saw snow-white hares and horned boars, here I saw the elk, rare even in the forests which produce it." + }, + { + "id": 8590, + "la": "vidimus et tauros, quibus aut cervice levata deformis scapulis torus eminet aut quibus hirtae iactantur per colla iubae, quibus aspera mento barba iacet tremulisque rigent palearia setis", + "en": "Bulls too I saw, either those of heightened nape, with an unsightly hump rising from the shoulder-blades, or those with shaggy mane tossed across the neck, with rugged beard covering the chin, and quivering bristles upon their stiff dewlaps." + }, + { + "id": 8591, + "la": "nec solum nobis silvestria cernere monstra contigit: aequoreos ego cum certantibus ursis spectavi vitulos et equorum nomine dictum, sed deforme pecus, quod in illo nascitur amne qui sata riparum vernantibus irrigat undis", + "en": "Nor was it my lot only to see monsters of the forest: sea calves also I beheld with bears d pitted against them and the unshapely herd called by the name of horses, bred in that river whose waters, with spring-like renewal, irrigate the crops upon its banks." + }, + { + "id": 8592, + "la": "a! trepidi, quotiens sola discedentis harenae vidimus inverti, ruptaque voragine terrae emersisse feras; et in isdem saepe cavernis aurea cum subito creverunt arbuta nimbo", + "en": "Oh, how we quaked, whenever we saw the arena part asunder and its soil upturned and beasts plunge out from the chasm cleft in the earth; yet often from those same rifts the golden arbutes sprang amid a sudden fountain spray (of saffron)." + }, + { + "id": 8593, + "la": "L o felix Corydon, quem non tremebunda senectus impedit!", + "en": "L. O lucky Corydon, unhampered by palsied eld;" + }, + { + "id": 8594, + "la": "o felix, quod in haec tibi saecula primos indulgente deo demittere contigit annos!", + "en": "lucky in that by the grace of heaven it was your lot to set your early years in this age!" + }, + { + "id": 8595, + "la": "nunc, tibi si propius venerandum cernere numen fors dedit et praesens vultumque habitumque notasti, dic age dic, Corydon, quae sit mihi forma deorum", + "en": "Now if fortune has vouchsafed to you close sight of our worshipful Emperor-god, if there and then you marked his countenance and mien, tell me, come, tell me, Corydon, what I may deem to be the features of the gods." + }, + { + "id": 8596, + "la": "C o utinam nobis non rustica vestis inesset: vidissem propius mea numina! sed mihi sordes pullaque paupertas et adunco fibula morsu obfuerunt", + "en": "C. O would that I had not been clad in peasant garb! Else should I have gained a nearer sight of my deity: but humble dress and dingy poverty and brooch with but a crooked clasp prevented me;" + }, + { + "id": 8597, + "la": "utcumque tamen conspeximus ipsum longius; ac, nisi me visus decepit, in uno et Martis vultus et Apollinis esse putavi", + "en": "still, in a way, I looked upon his very self some distance off, and, unless my sight played me a trick, I thought in that one face the looks of Mars and of Apollo were combined." + }, + { + "id": 8598, + "la": "Est interdum praestare mercaturis rem quaerere, nisi tam periculosum sit, et item fenerari, si tam honestum sit", + "en": "It is true that to obtain money by trade is sometimes more profitable, were it not so hazardous; and likewise money-lending, if it were as honourable." + }, + { + "id": 8599, + "la": "Maiores nostri sic habuerunt et ita in legibus posiverunt, furem dupli condemnari, feneratorem quadrupli", + "en": "Our ancestors held this view and embodied it in their laws, which required that the thief be mulcted double and the usurer fourfold;" + }, + { + "id": 8600, + "la": "Quanto peiorem civem existimarint feneratorem quam furem, hinc licet existimare", + "en": "how much less desirable a citizen they considered the usurer than the thief, one may judge from this." + }, + { + "id": 8601, + "la": "Et virum bonum quom laudabant, ita laudabant, bonum agricolam bonumque colonum", + "en": "And when they would praise a worthy man their praise took this form: good husbandman, good farmer;" + }, + { + "id": 8602, + "la": "Amplissime laudari existimabatur qui ita laudabatur", + "en": "one so praised was thought to have received the greatest commendation." + }, + { + "id": 8603, + "la": "Mercatorem autem strenuum studiosumque rei quaerendae existimo, verum, ut supra dixi, periculosum et calamitosum", + "en": "The trader I consider to be an energetic man, and one bent on making money; but, as I said above, it is a dangerous career and one subject to disaster." + }, + { + "id": 8604, + "la": "At ex agricolis et viri fortissimi et milites strenuissimi gignuntur, maximeque pius quaestus stabilissimusque consequitur minimeque invidiosus, minimeque male cogitantes sunt qui in eo studio occupati sunt", + "en": "On the other hand, it is from the farming class that the bravest men and the sturdiest soldiers come, their calling is most highly respected, their livelihood is most assured and is looked on with the least hostility, and those who are engaged in that pursuit are least inclined to be disaffected." + }, + { + "id": 8605, + "la": "Nunc ut ad rem redeam, quod promisi institutum principium hoc erit", + "en": "And now, to come back to my subject, the above will serve as an introduction to what I have undertaken." + }, + { + "id": 8606, + "la": "I Praedium quom parare cogitabis, sic in animo habeto, uti ne cupide emas neve opera tua parcas visere et ne satis habeas semel circumire", + "en": "I. When you are thinking of acquiring a farm, keep in mind these points: that you be not over-eager in buying nor spare your pains in examining, and that you consider it not sufficient to go over it once." + }, + { + "id": 8607, + "la": "Quotiens ibis, totiens magis placebit quod bonum erit", + "en": "However often you go, a good piece of land will please you more at each visit." + }, + { + "id": 8608, + "la": "Vicini quo pacto niteant, id animum advertito: in bona regione bene nitere oportebit", + "en": "Notice how the neighbours keep up their places; if the district is good, they should be well kept." + }, + { + "id": 8609, + "la": "Et uti eo introeas et circumspicias, uti inde exire possis", + "en": "Go in and keep your eyes open, so that you may be able to find your way out." + }, + { + "id": 8610, + "la": "Uti bonum caelum habeat, ne calamitosum siet, solo bono, sua virtute valeat", + "en": "It should have a good climate, not subject to storms; the soil should be good, and naturally strong." + }, + { + "id": 8611, + "la": "Si poteris, sub radice montis siet, in meridiem spectet, loco salubri, operariorum copia siet, bonumque aquarium, oppidum validum prope siet aut mare aut amnis, qua naves ambulant, aut via bona celebrisque", + "en": "If possible, it should lie at the foot of a mountain and face south; the situation should be healthful, there should be a good supply of labourers, it should be well watered, and near it there should be a flourishing town, or the sea, or a navigable stream, or a good and much travelled road." + }, + { + "id": 8612, + "la": "Siet in his agris, qui non saepe dominos mutant: qui in his agris praedia vendiderint, eos pigeat vendidisse", + "en": "It should lie among those farms which do not often change owners; where those who have sold farms are sorry to have done so." + }, + { + "id": 8613, + "la": "Uti bene aedificatum siet", + "en": "It should be well furnished with buildings." + }, + { + "id": 8614, + "la": "Caveto alienam disciplinam temere contemnas", + "en": "Do not be hasty in despising the methods of management adopted by others.1" + }, + { + "id": 8615, + "la": "De domino bono colono bonoque aedificatore melius emetur", + "en": "It will be better to purchase from an owner who is a good farmer and a good builder." + }, + { + "id": 8616, + "la": "Ad villam cum venies, videto, vasa torcula et dolia multane sient: ubi non erunt, scito pro ratione fructum esse", + "en": "When you reach the steading, observe whether there are numerous oil presses and wine vats; if there are not, you may infer that the amount of the yield is in proportion." + }, + { + "id": 8617, + "la": "Instrumenti ne magni siet, loco bono siet", + "en": "The farm should be one of no great equipment, but should be well situated." + }, + { + "id": 8618, + "la": "Videto, quam minimi instrumenti sumptuosusque ager ne siet", + "en": "See that it be equipped as economically as possible, and that the land be not extravagant." + }, + { + "id": 8619, + "la": "Scito idem agrum quod hominem, quamvis quaestuosus siet, si sumptuosus erit, relinqui non multum", + "en": "Remember that a farm is like a man'however great the income, if there is extravagance but little is left." + }, + { + "id": 8620, + "la": "Praedium quod primum siet, si me rogabis, sic dicam: de omnibus agris optimoque loco iugera agri centum, vinea est prima, si vino bono et multo est, secundo visere et ne satis habeas semel circumire", + "en": "If you ask me what is the best kind of farm, I should say: a hundred iugera2 of land, comprising all sorts of soils, and in a good situation; a vineyard comes first if it produces bountifully wine of a good quality; second, a watered garden; third, an osier-bed; fourth, an oliveyard; fifth, a meadow; sixth, grain land;1 seventh, a wood lot; eighth, an arbustum;2 ninth, a mast grove.3" + }, + { + "id": 8621, + "la": "II Pater familias ubi ad villam venit, ubi larem familiarem salutavit, fundum eodem die, si potest, circumeat; si non eodem die, at postridie", + "en": "II. When the master arrives at the farmstead, after paying his respects to the god of the household, let him go over the whole farm, if possible, on the same day; if not, at least on the next." + }, + { + "id": 8622, + "la": "Ubi cognovit, quo modo fundus cultus siet operaque quae facta infectaque sient, postridie eius diei vilicum vocet, roget, quid operis siet factum, quid restet, satisne temperi opera sient confecta, possitne quae reliqua sient conficere, et quid factum vini, frumenti aliarumque rerum omnium", + "en": "When he has learned the condition of the farm, what work has been accomplished and what remains to be done, let him call in his overseer the next day and inquire of him what part of the work has been completed, what has been left undone; whether what has been finished was done betimes, and whether it is possible to complete the rest; and what was the yield of wine, grain, and all other products." + }, + { + "id": 8623, + "la": "Ubi ea cognovit, rationem inire oportet operarum, dierum", + "en": "Having gone into this, he should make a calculation of the labourers and the time consumed." + }, + { + "id": 8624, + "la": "Si ei opus non apparet, dicit vilicus sedulo se fecisse, servos non valuisse, tempestates malas fuisse, servos aufugisse, opus publicum effecisse, ubi eas aliasque causas multas dixit, ad rationem operum operarumque vilicum revoca", + "en": "If the amount of work does not seem satisfactory, the overseer claims that he has done his best, but that the slaves have not been well, the weather has been bad, slaves have run away, he has had public work4 to do; when he has given these and many other excuses, call the overseer back to your estimate of the work done and the hands employed." + }, + { + "id": 8625, + "la": "Cum tempestates pluviae fuerint, quae opera per imbrem fieri potuerint, dolia lavari, picari, villam purgari, frumentum transferri, stercus foras efferri, stercilinum fieri, semen purgari, funes sarciri, novos fieri; centones, cuculiones familiam oportuisse sibi sarcire", + "en": "If it has been a rainy season, remind him of the work that could have been done on rainy days: scrubbing and pitching wine vats, cleaning the farmstead, shifting grain, hauling out manure, making a manure pit, cleaning seed, mending old harness and making new; and that the hands ought to have mended their smocks and hoods. ." + }, + { + "id": 8626, + "la": "Per ferias potuisse fossas veteres tergeri, viam publicam muniri, vepres recidi, hortum fodiri, pratum purgari, virgas vinciri, spinas runcari, expinsi far, munditias fieri", + "en": "Remind him, also, that on feast days old ditches might have been cleaned, road work done, brambles cut, the garden spaded, a meadow cleared, faggots bundled, thorns rooted out, spelt ground, and general cleaning done." + }, + { + "id": 8627, + "la": "Cum servi aegrotarint, cibaria tanta dari non oportuisse", + "en": "When the slaves were sick, such large rations should not have been issued." + }, + { + "id": 8628, + "la": "Ubi ea cognita aequo animo sint, quae reliqua opera sint curare uti perficiantur: rationes putare argentariam, frumentariam, pabuli causa quae parata sunt; rationem vinariam, oleariam, quid venierit, quid exactum siet, quid reliquum siet, quid siet quod veneat: quae satis accipiunda sint, satis accipiantur: reliqua quae sint uti conpareant", + "en": "After this has been gone into calmly, give orders for the completion of what work remains; run over the cash accounts, grain accounts, and purchases of fodder; run over the wine accounts, the oil accounts'what has been sold, what collected, balance due, and what is left that is saleable; where security for an account should be taken, let it be taken; and let the supplies on hand be checked over." + }, + { + "id": 8629, + "la": "Siquid desit in annum, uti paretur: quae supersint, ut veneant: quae opus sint locato, locentur: quae opera fieri velit et quae locari velit, uti imperet et ea scripta relinquat", + "en": "Give orders that whatever may be lacking for the current year be supplied; that what is superfluous be sold; that whatever work should be let out be let. Give directions as to what work you want done on the place, and what you want let out,1 and leave the directions in writing." + }, + { + "id": 8630, + "la": "Pecus consideret Auctionem uti faciat:", + "en": "Look over the live stock and hold a sale." + }, + { + "id": 8631, + "la": "vendat oleum, si pretium habeat, vinum, frumentum quod supersit vendat; boves vetulos, armenta delicula, oves deliculas, lanam, pelles, plostrum vetus, ferramenta vetera, servum senem, servum morbosum, et siquid aliut supersit, vendat", + "en": "Sell your oil, if the price is satisfactory, and sell the surplus of your wine and grain. Sell worn-out oxen, blemished cattle, blemished sheep, wool, hides, an old wagon, old tools, an old slave, a sickly slave, and whatever else is superfluous." + }, + { + "id": 8632, + "la": "Patrem familias vendacem, non emacem esse oportet", + "en": "The master should have the selling habit, not the buying habit" + }, + { + "id": 8633, + "la": "III Prima adulescentia patrem familiae agrum conserere studere oportet", + "en": "III. In his youth the owner should devote his attention to planting." + }, + { + "id": 8634, + "la": "Aedificare diu cogitare oportet, conserere cogitare non oportet, sed facere oportet", + "en": "He should think a long time about building, but planting is a thing not to be thought about but done." + }, + { + "id": 8635, + "la": "Ubi aetas accessit ad annos XXXVI, tum aedificare oportet, si agrum consitum habeas", + "en": "When you reach the age of thirty-six you should build, if you have your land planted.1" + }, + { + "id": 8636, + "la": "Ita aedifices, ne villa fundum quaerat neve fundus villam", + "en": "In building, you should see that the steading does not lag behind the farm nor the farm behind the steading." + }, + { + "id": 8637, + "la": "Patrem familiae villam rusticam bene aedificatam habere expedit, cellam oleariam, vinariam, dolia multa, uti lubeat caritatem expectare: et rei et virtuti et gloriae erit", + "en": "It is well for the master to have a well-built barn2 and storage room and plenty of vats for oil and wine, so that he may hold his products for good prices; it will redound to his wealth, his self-respect, and his reputation." + }, + { + "id": 8638, + "la": "Torcularia bona habere oportet, ut opus bene effici possit", + "en": "He should have good presses, so that the work may be done thoroughly." + }, + { + "id": 8639, + "la": "Olea ubi lecta siet, oleum fiat continuo, ne corrumpatur", + "en": "Let the olives be pressed immediately after gathering, to prevent the oil from spoiling." + }, + { + "id": 8640, + "la": "Cogitato quotannis tempestates magnas venire et oleam deicere solere", + "en": "Remember that high winds come every year and are apt to beat off the olives;" + }, + { + "id": 8641, + "la": "Si cito sustuleris et vasa parata erunt, damni nihil erit ex tempestate et oleum viridius et melius fiet", + "en": "if you gather them at once and the presses are ready, there will be no loss on account of the storm, and the oil will be greener and better." + }, + { + "id": 8642, + "la": "Si in terra et tabulato olea nimium diu erit, putescet, oleum fetidum fiet", + "en": "If the olives remain too long on the ground or the floor they will spoil, and the oil will be rancid." + }, + { + "id": 8643, + "la": "Ex quavis olea oleum viridius et bonum fieri potest, si temperi facies", + "en": "Any sort of olive will produce a good and greener oil if it is pressed betimes." + }, + { + "id": 8644, + "la": "In iugera oleti CXX vasa bina esse oportet, si oletum bonum beneque frequens cultumque erit", + "en": "For an oliveyard of 120 iugera there should be two pressing equipments, if the trees are vigorous, thickly planted, and well cultivated." + }, + { + "id": 8645, + "la": "Trapetos bonos privos inpares esse oportet, si orbes contriti sient, ut conmutare possis, funes loreos privos, vectes senos, fibulas duodenas, medipontos privos loreos", + "en": "The mills should be stout and of different sizes, so that if the stones become worn you may change. Each should have its own leather ropes, six sets of hand bars, six double sets of pins, and leather belts." + }, + { + "id": 8646, + "la": "Trochileas Graecanicas binis funibus sparteis ducunt: orbiculis superioribus octonis, inferioribus senis citius duces; si rotas voles facere, tardius ducetur, sed minore labore", + "en": "Greek blocks run on double ropes of Spanish broom; you can work more rapidly with eight pulleys above, and six below; if you wish to use wheels it will work more slowly but with less effort." + }, + { + "id": 8647, + "la": "IV Bubilia bona, bonas praesepis, faliscas clatratas, clatros interesse oportet pede", + "en": "IV. Have good stalls, stout pens, and latticed feed-racks. The rack bars should be a foot apart;" + }, + { + "id": 8648, + "la": "Si ita feceris, pabulum boves non eicient", + "en": "if you make them in this way the cattle will not scatter their feed." + }, + { + "id": 8649, + "la": "Villam urbanam pro copia aedificato", + "en": "Build your dwelling-house2 in accordance with your means." + }, + { + "id": 8650, + "la": "In bono praedio si bene aedificaveris, bene posiveris, ruri si recte habitaveris, libentius et saepius venies; fundus melius erit, minus peccabitur, fructi plus capies; frons occipitio prior est", + "en": "If you build substantially on a good farm, placing the house in a good situation, so that you can live comfortably in the country, you will like to visit it, and will do so oftener; the farm will improve, there will be less wrongdoing, and you will receive greater returns; the forehead is better than the hindhead.1" + }, + { + "id": 8651, + "la": "Vicinis bonus esto; familiam ne siveris peccare", + "en": "Be a good neighbour, and do not let your people commit offences." + }, + { + "id": 8652, + "la": "Si te libenter vicinitas videbit, facilius tua vendes, opera facilius locabis, operarios facilius conduces; si aedificabis, operis, iumentis, materie adiuvabunt: siquid bona salute usus venerit, benigne defendent", + "en": "If you are popular in the neighbourhood it will be easier for you to sell your produce, easier to let out your work,2 easier to secure extra hands. If you build, the neighbours will help you with their work, their teams, and their materials; if trouble comes upon you, which God forbid,3 they will be glad to stand by you." + }, + { + "id": 8653, + "la": "V Haec erunt vilici officia", + "en": "V. The following are the duties of the overseer:" + }, + { + "id": 8654, + "la": "Disciplina bona utatur", + "en": "He must show good management." + }, + { + "id": 8655, + "la": "Feriae serventur", + "en": "The feast days must be observed." + }, + { + "id": 8656, + "la": "Alieno manum abstineat, sua servet diligenter", + "en": "He must withhold his hands from anothers goods and diligently preserve his own." + }, + { + "id": 8657, + "la": "Litibus familia supersedeat; siquis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet", + "en": "He must settle disputes among the slaves; and if anyone commits an offence he must punish him properly in proportion to the fault." + }, + { + "id": 8658, + "la": "Familiae male ne sit, ne algeat, ne esuriat; opere bene exerceat, facilius malo et alieno prohibebit", + "en": "He must see that the servants are well provided for, and that they do not suffer from cold or hunger. Let him keep them busy with their work'he will more easily keep them from wrongdoing and meddling." + }, + { + "id": 8659, + "la": "Vilicus si nolet male facere, non faciet Si passus erit, dominus inpune ne sinat esse", + "en": "If the overseer sets his face against wrongdoing, they will not do it; if he allows it, the master must not let him go unpunished." + }, + { + "id": 8660, + "la": "Pro beneficio gratiam referat, ut aliis recte facere libeat", + "en": "He must express his appreciation of good work, so that others may take pleasure in well-doing." + }, + { + "id": 8661, + "la": "Vilicus ne sit ambulator, sobrius siet semper, ad cenam nequo eat", + "en": "The overseer must not be a gadabout, he must always be sober, and must not go out to dine." + }, + { + "id": 8662, + "la": "Familiam exerceat, consideret, quae dominus imperaverit fiant", + "en": "He must keep the servants busy, and see that the masters orders are carried out." + }, + { + "id": 8663, + "la": "Ne plus censeat sapere se quam dominum", + "en": "He must not assume that he knows more than the master." + }, + { + "id": 8664, + "la": "Amicos domini, eos habeat sibi amicos", + "en": "He must consider the masters friends his own friends." + }, + { + "id": 8665, + "la": "Cui iussus siet, auscultet", + "en": "He must pay heed to anyone to whom he has been bidden to listen." + }, + { + "id": 8666, + "la": "Rem divinam nisi Conpitalibus in conpito aut in foco ne faciat", + "en": "He must perform no religious rites, except on the occasion of the Compitalia1 at the cross-roads, or before the hearth." + }, + { + "id": 8667, + "la": "Iniussu domini credat nemini: quod dominus crediderit, exigat", + "en": "He must extend credit to no one without orders from the master, and must collect the loans made by the master." + }, + { + "id": 8668, + "la": "Satui semen, cibaria, far, vinum, oleum mutuum dederit nemini", + "en": "He must lend to no one seed-grain, fodder, spelt, wine, or oil." + }, + { + "id": 8669, + "la": "Duas aut tres familias habeat, unde utenda roget et quibus det, praeterea nemini", + "en": "He must have two or three households, no more, from whom he borrows and to whom he lends." + }, + { + "id": 8670, + "la": "Rationem cum domino crebro putet", + "en": "He must make up accounts with the master often." + }, + { + "id": 8671, + "la": "Operarium, mercennarium, politorem diutius eundem ne habeat die", + "en": "He must not hire the same day-labourer or servant or caretaker for longer than a day." + }, + { + "id": 8672, + "la": "Nequid emisse velit insciente domino, neu quid dominum celavisse velit", + "en": "He must not want to make any purchases without the knowledge of the master, nor want to keep anything hidden from the master." + }, + { + "id": 8673, + "la": "Parasitum nequem habeat", + "en": "He must have no hanger-on." + }, + { + "id": 8674, + "la": "Haruspicem, augurem, hariolum, Chaldaeum nequem consuluisse velit", + "en": "He must not consult a fortune-teller, or prophet, or diviner, or astrologer.2" + }, + { + "id": 8675, + "la": "Segetem ne defrudet: nam id infelix est", + "en": "He must not stint the seed for sowing, for that brings bad fortune." + }, + { + "id": 8676, + "la": "Opus rusticum omne curet uti sciat facere, et id faciat saepe, dum ne lassus fiat; si fecerit, scibit in mente familiae quid sit, et illi animo aequiore facient", + "en": "He must see to it that he knows how to perform all the operations of the farm, and actually does perform them often, but not to the extent of becoming exhausted; by so doing he will learn what is in his servants minds, and they will perform their work more contentedly." + }, + { + "id": 8677, + "la": "Si hoc faciet, minus libebit ambulare et valebit rectius et dormibit libentius", + "en": "Also, he will be less disposed to gad about, will be in better health, and will enjoy his sleep more." + }, + { + "id": 8678, + "la": "Primus cubitu surgat, postremus cubitum eat", + "en": "He must be the first out of bed, the last to go to bed." + }, + { + "id": 8679, + "la": "Prius villam videat clausa uti siet, et uti suo quisque loco cubet et uti iumenta pabulum habeant", + "en": "Before then he must see that the farmstead is closed, that each one is asleep in his proper place, and that the stock have fodder." + }, + { + "id": 8680, + "la": "Boves maxima diligentia curatos habeto", + "en": "See that the draft oxen are looked after with the greatest care," + }, + { + "id": 8681, + "la": "Bubulcis opsequito partim, quo libentius boves curent", + "en": "and be somewhat indulgent to the teamsters to make them look after their stock with more pleasure." + }, + { + "id": 8682, + "la": "Aratra vomeresque facito uti bonos habeas", + "en": "See that you keep your ploughs and ploughshares in good condition." + }, + { + "id": 8683, + "la": "Terram cariosam cave ne ares, neve plostrum neve pecus inpellas", + "en": "Be careful not to plough land which is cariosa1 or drive a cart over it, or turn cattle into it;" + }, + { + "id": 8684, + "la": "Si ita non caveris, quo inpuleris, trienni fructum amittes", + "en": "if you are not careful about this, you will lose three years crop of the land on which you have turned them." + }, + { + "id": 8685, + "la": "Pecori et bubus diligenter substernatur, ungulae curentur", + "en": "Litter the cattle and flocks carefully, and see that their hoofs are kept clean." + }, + { + "id": 8686, + "la": "Scabiem pecori et iumentis caveto; id ex fame et si inpluit fieri solet", + "en": "Guard against the scab in flocks and herds; it is usually caused by under-feeding and exposure to wet weather." + }, + { + "id": 8687, + "la": "Opera omnia mature conficias face", + "en": "See that you carry out all farm operations betimes," + }, + { + "id": 8688, + "la": "Nam res rustica sic est, si unam rem sero feceris, omnia opera sero facies", + "en": "for this is the way with farming: if you are late in doing one thing you will be late in doing everything." + }, + { + "id": 8689, + "la": "Stramenta si deerunt, frondem iligneam legito, eam substernito ovibus bubusque", + "en": "If bedding runs short, gather oak leaves and use them for bedding down sheep and cattle." + }, + { + "id": 8690, + "la": "Stercilinum magnum stude ut habeas", + "en": "See that you have a large dunghill;" + }, + { + "id": 8691, + "la": "Stercus sedulo conserva; cum exportabis, purgato et conminuito; per autumnum evehito", + "en": "save the manure carefully, and when you carry it out, clean it of foreign matter and break it up." + }, + { + "id": 8692, + "la": "Circum oleas autumnitate ablaqueato et stercus addito", + "en": "Autumn is the time to haul it out. During the autumn also dig trenches around the olive trees and manure them." + }, + { + "id": 8693, + "la": "Frondem populneam, ulmeam, querneam caedito per tempus: eam condito non peraridam, pabulum ovibus", + "en": "Cut poplar, elm, and oak leaves betimes; store them before they are entirely dry, as fodder for sheep." + }, + { + "id": 8694, + "la": "Item faenum cordum, sicilimenta de prato, ea arida condito", + "en": "Second-crop hay and aftermath should also be stored dry." + }, + { + "id": 8695, + "la": "Post imbrem autumnum rapinam, pabulum lupinumque serito", + "en": "Sow turnips, forage crops, and lupines after the autumn rains." + }, + { + "id": 8696, + "la": "VI Agrum quibus locis conseras, sic observari oportet Ubi ager crassus et laetus est sine arboribus, eum agrum frumentarium esse oportet", + "en": "VI. This rule should be observed as to what you should plant in what places: Grain should be sown in heavy, rich, treeless soil;" + }, + { + "id": 8697, + "la": "Idem ager si nebulosus est, rapa, raphanos, milium, panicum, id maxime seri oportet", + "en": "and if this sort of soil is subject to fogs it should preferably be sown with rape, turnips, millet, and panic-grass." + }, + { + "id": 8698, + "la": "In agro crasso et caldo oleam conditivam, radium maiorem, Sallentinam, orcitem, poseam, Sergianam, Colminianam, albicerem, quam earum in iis locis optimam dicent esse, eam maxime serito", + "en": "In heavy, warm soil plant olives2'those for pickling, the long variety, the Sallentine, the orcites, the posea, the Sergian, the Colminian, and the waxy-white; choose especially the varieties which are commonly agreed to be the best for these districts." + }, + { + "id": 8699, + "la": "Hoc genus oleae in XXV aut in XXX pedes conserito", + "en": "Plant this variety of olives at intervals of twenty-five or thirty feet." + }, + { + "id": 8700, + "la": "Ager oleto conserundo, qui in ventum favonium spectabit et soli ostentus erit, alius bonus nullus erit", + "en": "Land which is suitable for olive planting is that which faces the west and is exposed to the sun; no other will be good." + }, + { + "id": 8701, + "la": "Qui ager frigidior et macrior erit, ibi oleam Licinianam seri oportet", + "en": "Plant the Licinian olive in colder and thinner soil." + }, + { + "id": 8702, + "la": "Si in loco crasso aut calido severis, hostus nequam erit et ferundo arbor peribit et muscus ruber molestus erit", + "en": "If you plant it in heavy or warm soil the yield will be worthless, the tree will exhaust itself in bearing, and a reddish scale will injure it." + }, + { + "id": 8703, + "la": "Circum coronas et circum vias ulmos serito et partim populos, uti frondem ovibus et bubus habeas, et materies, siquo opus sit, parata erit", + "en": "Around the borders of the farm and along the roads plant elms and some poplars, so that you may have leaves for the sheep and cattle; and the timber will be available if you need it." + }, + { + "id": 8704, + "la": "Sicubi in iis locis ripae aut locus umectus erit, ibi cacumina populorum serito et harundinetum", + "en": "Wherever there is a river bank or wet ground, plant poplar cuttings and a reed thicket." + }, + { + "id": 8705, + "la": "Id hoc modo serito: bipalio vortito, ibi oculos harundinis pedes ternos alium ab alio serito", + "en": "The method of planting is as follows:'turn the ground with the mattock and then plant the eyes of the reed three feet apart." + }, + { + "id": 8706, + "la": "Ibi corrudam serito, unde asparagi fiant", + "en": "Plant there also the wild asparagus,1 so that it may produce asparagus;" + }, + { + "id": 8707, + "la": "Nam convenit harundinetum cum corruda, eo quia foditur et incenditur et umbram per tempus habet", + "en": "for a reed thicket goes well with the wild asparagus, because it is worked and burned over, and furnishes a shade when shade is needed." + }, + { + "id": 8708, + "la": "Salicem Graecam circum harundinetum serito, uti siet qui vineam alliges", + "en": "Plant Greek willows along the border of the thicket, so that you may have withes for tying up vines." + }, + { + "id": 8709, + "la": "Vineam quo in agro conseri oporteat, sic observato", + "en": "Choose soil for laying out a vineyard by the following rules:'" + }, + { + "id": 8710, + "la": "Qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse et ostentus soli, Aminnium minusculum et geminum eugeneum, helvolum minusculum conserito", + "en": "In soil which is thought to be best adapted for grapes and which is exposed to the sun, plant the small Aminnian,2 the double eugeneum, and the small parti-coloured;" + }, + { + "id": 8711, + "la": "Qui locus crassus erit aut nebulosior, ibi Aminnium maius aut Murgentinum, Apicium, Lucanum serito", + "en": "in soil that is heavy or more subject to fogs plant the large Aminnian, the Murgentian, the Apician, and the Lucanian." + }, + { + "id": 8712, + "la": "Ceterae vites, miscellae maxime, in quemvis agrum conveniunt", + "en": "The other varieties, and especially the hybrids, grow well anywhere." + }, + { + "id": 8713, + "la": "VII Fundum suburbanum arbustum maxime convenit habere; et ligna et virgae venire possunt, et domino erit qui utatur", + "en": "VII. It is especially desirable to have a plantation3 on a suburban farm, so that firewood and faggots may be sold, and also may be furnished for the masters use." + }, + { + "id": 8714, + "la": "In eodem fundo suum quidquid conseri oportet; vitem compluria genera Aminnium minusculum et maius et Apicium", + "en": "On the same farm should be planted anything adapted to the soil, and several varieties of grapes, such as the small and large Aminnian and the Apician." + }, + { + "id": 8715, + "la": "Uvae in olla in vinaceis conduntur; eadem in sapa, in musto, in lora recte conduntur", + "en": "Grapes are preserved in grape-pulp in jars;1 also they keep well in boiled wine, or must, or after-wine.2" + }, + { + "id": 8716, + "la": "Quas suspendas duracinas Aminnias maiores, vel ad fabrum ferrarium pro passis eae recte servantur", + "en": "You may hang up the hard-berried and the larger Aminnian and they will keep as well dried before the forge fire as when spread in the sun." + }, + { + "id": 8717, + "la": "Poma, mala strutea, cotonea Scantiana, Quiriniana, item alia conditiva, mala mustea et Punica (eo lotium suillum aut stercus ad radicem addere oportet, uti pabulum malorum fiat), pira volaema, Aniciana sementiva (haec conditiva in sapa bona erunt), Tarentina, mustea, cucurbitiva, item alia genera quam plurima serito aut inserito", + "en": "Plant or ingraft all kinds of fruit'sparrow-apples, Scantian and Quirinian quinces,3 also other varieties for preserving, must-apples and pomegranates (the urine or dung of swine should be applied around the roots of these to serve as food for the fruit); of pears, the volema, the Anician frost-pears (these are excellent when preserved in boiled wine),4 the Tarentine, the must-pear, the gourd-pear, and as many other varieties as possible;" + }, + { + "id": 8718, + "la": "Oleas orcites, posias; eae optime conduntur vel virides in muria vel in lentisco contusae, vel orcites ubi nigrae erunt et siccae, sale confriato dies V; postea salem excutito, in sole ponito biduum, vel sine sale in defrutum condito", + "en": "of olives, the orcite and posea, which are excellent when preserved green in brine or bruised in mastic5 oil. When the orcites are black and dry, powder them with salt for five days; then shake off the salt, and spread them in the sun for two days, or pack them in boiled must without salt." + }, + { + "id": 8719, + "la": "Sorba in sapa condere vel siccare; arida facias", + "en": "Preserve sorbs in boiled must; or you may dry them; make them quite free from moisture." + }, + { + "id": 8720, + "la": "Item pira facias", + "en": "Preserve pears in the same way." + }, + { + "id": 8721, + "la": "VIII Ficos mariscas in loco cretoso et aperto serito; Africanas et Herculaneas, Sacontinas, hibernas, Tellanas atras pediculo longo, eas in loco crassiore aut stercorato serito", + "en": "VIII. Plant mariscan figs in chalky, open soil; the African, Herculanean, Saguntine, the winter variety, the black Tellanian with long pedicles, in soil which is richer or manured." + }, + { + "id": 8722, + "la": "Pratum si inrigivum habebis, si non erit siccum, ne faenum desiet, summittito", + "en": "Lay down a meadow, so that you may have a supply of hay'a water meadow if you have it, if not, a dry meadow." + }, + { + "id": 8723, + "la": "Sub urbe hortum omne genus, coronamenta omne genus, bulbos Megaricos, murtum coniugulum et album et nigrum, loream Delphicam et Cypriam et silvaticam, nuces calvas, Abellanas, Praenestinas, Graecas, haec facito uti serantur", + "en": "Near a town it is well to have a garden planted with all manner of vegetables, and all manner of flowers for garlands'Megarian bulbs, conjugulan myrtle,1 white and black myrtle, Delphian, Cyprian, and wild laurel, smooth nuts, such as Abellan, Praenestine, and Greek filberts." + }, + { + "id": 8724, + "la": "Fundum suburbanum, et qui eum fundum solum habebit, ita paret itaque conserat, uti quam sollertissimum habeat", + "en": "The suburban farm, and especially if it be the only one, should be laid out and planted as ingeniously as possible." + }, + { + "id": 8725, + "la": "IX Salicta locis aquosis, umectis, umbrosis, propter amnes ibi seri oportet; et id videto uti aut domino opus siet aut ut vendere possit", + "en": "IX. Osier-beds should be planted in damp, marshy, shady ground, near a stream. But be sure that the master will need them or that he can find a market for them." + }, + { + "id": 8726, + "la": "Prata inrigiva, si aquam habebis, id potissimum facito; si aquam non habebis, sicca quam plurima facito", + "en": "If you have a water supply, pay particular attention to water meadows; if not, have all the dry meadows possible." + }, + { + "id": 8727, + "la": "Hoc est praedium quod ubi vis expedit facere", + "en": "This is the sort of farm which it is profitable to make anywhere." + }, + { + "id": 8728, + "la": "X Quo modo oletum agri iugera CCXL instruere oporteat", + "en": "X. This is the proper equipment for an oliveyard of 240 iugera:" + }, + { + "id": 8729, + "la": "XIV Villam aedificandam si locabis novam ab solo, faber haec faciat oportet", + "en": "XIV. If you are contracting for the building of a new steading from the ground up, the contractor should be responsible for the following:" + }, + { + "id": 8730, + "la": "Parietes omnes, uti iussitur, calce et caementis, pilas ex lapide angulari, tigna omnia, quae opus sunt, limina, postes, iugumenta, asseres, fulmentas, praesepis bubus hibernas aestivas faliscas, equile, cellas familiae, carnaria III, orbem, ahenea II, haras X, focum, ianuam maximam et alteram quam volet dominus, fenestras, clatros in fenestras maioris bipedalis X, luminaria VI, scamna III, sellas V, telas togalis duas, paullulam pilam ubi triticum pinsat I, fulloniam I, antepagmenta, vasa torcula II", + "en": "All walls as specified, of quarry-stone set in mortar, pillars of solid masonry, all necessary beams, sills, uprights, lintels, door-framing, supports, winter stables and summer feed racks for cattle, a horse stall, quarters for servants, 3 meat-racks, a round table, 2 copper boilers, 10 coops, a fireplace, 1 main entrance and another at the option of the owner, windows, 10 two-foot lattices for the larger windows, 6 window-shutters, 3 benches, 5 stools, 2 looms, 1 small mortar for crushing wheat, 1 fullers mortar, trimmings, and presses." + }, + { + "id": 8731, + "la": "Hae rei materiem et quae opus sunt dominus praebebit et ad opus dabit, serram I, lineam I (materiem dumtaxat succidet, dolabit, secabit facietque conductor), lapidem, calcem, harenam, aquam, paleas, terram unde lutum fiat", + "en": "The owner will furnish the timber and necessary material for this and deliver it on the ground, and also 1 saw and 1 plumb-line (but the contractor will fell, hew, square, and finish the timber), stone, lime, sand, water, straw, and earth for making mortar." + }, + { + "id": 8732, + "la": "Si de caelo villa tacta siet, de ea re verba uti fiant", + "en": "If the steading should be struck by lightning an expiatory prayer must be offered." + }, + { + "id": 8733, + "la": "Huic operi pretium ab domino bono, qui bene praebeat quae opus sunt et nummos fide bona solvat, in tegulas singulas II S", + "en": "The price of this work from an honest owner, who furnishes duly all necessary materials and pays conscientiously, one sesterce1 per tile." + }, + { + "id": 8734, + "la": "Tectum sic numerabitur: tegula integra quae erit, quae non erit, unde quarta pars aberit, duae pro una, conliciares quae erunt pro binis putabuntur; vallus quot erunt, in singulas quaternae numerabuntur", + "en": "The roof will be reckoned as follows: On the basis of a whole tile, one which is one-fourth broken is counted two for one; all gutter tiles are counted each as two; and all joint-tiles each as four.1" + }, + { + "id": 8735, + "la": "Villa lapide calce Fundamenta supra terram pede, ceteros parietes ex latere, iugumenta et antepagmenta quae opus erunt indito", + "en": "In a steading of stone and mortar ground work, carry the foundation one foot above ground, the rest of the walls of brick2; add the necessary lintels and trimmings." + }, + { + "id": 8736, + "la": "Cetera lex uti villae ex calce caementis", + "en": "The rest of the specifications as for the house of rough stone set in mortar." + }, + { + "id": 8737, + "la": "Pretium in tegulas singulas II S Loco salubri bono domino haec quae supra pretia posita sunt: ex signo manipretium erit", + "en": "The cost per tile will be one sesterce. The above prices are for a good owner, in a healthful situation. The cost of workmanship will depend upon the count.3" + }, + { + "id": 8738, + "la": "Loco pestilenti, ubi aestate fieri non potest, bono domino pars quarta preti accedat", + "en": "In an unwholesome situation, where summer work is impossible, the generous owner will add a fourth to the price." + }, + { + "id": 8739, + "la": "XVI Calcem partiario coquendam qui dant, ita datur", + "en": "XVI. The following are proper terms of a contract for burning lime on shares:" + }, + { + "id": 8740, + "la": "Perficit et coquit et ex fornace calcem eximit calcarius et ligna conficit ad fornacem", + "en": "The burner prepares the kiln, burns the lime, takes it from the kiln, and cuts the wood for the kiln." + }, + { + "id": 8741, + "la": "Dominus lapidem, ligna ad fornacem, quod opus siet, praebet", + "en": "The owner furnishes the necessary stone and wood for the kiln." + }, + { + "id": 8742, + "la": "XVII Robus materies, item ridica, ubi solstitium fuerit ad brumam semper tempestiva est", + "en": "XVII. Oak wood and also wood for vine props is always ripe for cutting at the time of the winter solstice." + }, + { + "id": 8743, + "la": "Cetera materies quae semen habet, cum semen maturum habet, tum tempestiva est", + "en": "Other species which bear seed are ripe when the seeds are mature," + }, + { + "id": 8744, + "la": "Quae materies semen non habet, cum glubebit, tum tempestiva est", + "en": "while those which are seedless are ripe when they shed bark." + }, + { + "id": 8745, + "la": "Pinus eo, quia semen viride et maturum habet (id semen de cupresso, de pino quidvis anni legere possis), item quidvis anni matura est et tempestiva", + "en": "The pine, because it has both green and ripe seed (such seed may be gathered from the cypress and the pine at any season) is ripe and ready at any season." + }, + { + "id": 8746, + "la": "The same tree has second-year cones from which the seed will fall, and first-year cones; when the latter are just beginning to open, they are ready for gathering Ibidem sunt nuces bimae, inde semen excidet, et anniculae, eae ubi primum incipiunt hiascere, tum legi oportet; per sementim primum incipiunt maturae esse, postea usque adeo sunt plus menses VIII", + "en": "They begin to ripen at seed-time, and continue to ripen then for more than eight months." + }, + { + "id": 8747, + "la": "Hornotinae nuces virides sunt", + "en": "The first-year cones are green." + }, + { + "id": 8748, + "la": "Ulmus, cum folia cadunt, tum iterum tempestiva est", + "en": "The elm is fit for cutting a second time when the leaves fall." + }, + { + "id": 8749, + "la": "XVIII Torcularium si aedificare voles quadrinis vasis, uti contra ora sient, ad hunc modum vasa conponito", + "en": "XVIII. If you wish to build a pressing-room with four vats facing each other, lay off the vats as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 8750, + "la": "Arbores crassas P II, altas P VIIII cum cardinibus, foramina longa P III S exculpta digit", + "en": "Anchor-posts 2 feet thick, 9 feet high, including tenons; openings hollowed out 3 1/2 feet long," + }, + { + "id": 8751, + "la": "Fundamenta primum festucato, postea caementis minutis et calce harenato semipedem unum quodque corium struito", + "en": "First pack down the bottom, and then spread successive half-foot layers of finely crushed stone and sanded lime." + }, + { + "id": 8752, + "la": "Pavimenta ad hunc modum facito: ubi libraveris, de glarea et calce harenato primum corium facito, id pilis subigito, idem alterum corium facito; eo calcem cibro subcretam indito alte digitos duo, ibi de testa arida pavimentum struito; ubi structum erit, pavito fricatoque, uti pavimentum bonum siet", + "en": "Construct the pavement as follows: After levelling, spread the first layer of gravel and sanded lime, and tamp it down; then spread a similar layer over it, sift lime with a sieve to the depth of two fingers, and then lay a pavement of dry potsherds. When completed, pack and rub down so as to have a smooth surface." + }, + { + "id": 8753, + "la": "Arbores stipites robustas facito aut pineas", + "en": "All anchor-posts and guide-posts should be of oak or pine." + }, + { + "id": 8754, + "la": "Si trabes minores facere voles, canalis extra columnam expolito", + "en": "If you wish to use shorter timbers, cut conduits on the outside;" + }, + { + "id": 8755, + "la": "Si ita feceris, trabes P XXII longae opus erunt", + "en": "if this method is employed you will need 22-foot timbers." + }, + { + "id": 8756, + "la": "Orbem olearium latum P IIII Punicanis coagmentis facito, crassum digitos VI facito, subscudes iligneas adindito", + "en": "Make the disk 4 feet in diameter, 6 fingers thick, constructed in sections in the Punic style with dovetailed oak." + }, + { + "id": 8757, + "la": "Eas ubi confixeris, clavis corneis occludito", + "en": "When you have fitted them together, fasten with pins of dogwood." + }, + { + "id": 8758, + "la": "In eum orbem tris catenas indito Eas catenas cum orbi clavis ferreis corrigito", + "en": "Fit three crossbars to the disk, and fasten them with iron nails." + }, + { + "id": 8759, + "la": "Orbem ex ulmo aut ex corylo facito: si utrumque habebis, alternas indito", + "en": "Make the disk of elm or hazel; if you have both, lay them alternately." + }, + { + "id": 8760, + "la": "XIX In vasa vinaria stipites arboresque binis pedibus altiores facito, supra foramina arborum, pedem quaeque uti absiet, unae fibulae locum facito", + "en": "XIX. For a wine press make the guide-posts and anchor-posts two feet higher, and above the holes in the anchor-posts, which should be one foot apart, make a place for one pin." + }, + { + "id": 8761, + "la": "Semipedem quoquo versum in suculam sena foramina indito", + "en": "Cut six openings, a half-foot square, in each of the windlass beams," + }, + { + "id": 8762, + "la": "Foramen quod primum facies semipedem ab cardine facito, cetera dividito quam rectissime", + "en": "placing the first a half-foot from the tenon, and the others at equal intervals." + }, + { + "id": 8763, + "la": "Porculum in media sucula facito", + "en": "Set a hook in the middle of the windlass;" + }, + { + "id": 8764, + "la": "Inter arbores medium quod erit, id ad mediam conlibrato, ubi porculum figere oportebit, uti in medio prelum recte situm siet", + "en": "the centre of the distance between the anchor-posts should correspond with the middle of the windlass, where the hook should be set, in order to have the press-beam exactly in the middle." + }, + { + "id": 8765, + "la": "Lingulam cum facies, de medio prelo conlibrato, ut inter arbores bene conveniat, digitum pollicem laxamenti facito", + "en": "When you set the tongue, measure from the centre of the press-beam so that it may be exactly midway between the anchor-posts; allow one thumb width play." + }, + { + "id": 8766, + "la": "Vectes longissimos P XIIX, secundos P XVI, tertios P XV, remissarios P XII, alteros P X, tertios P VIII", + "en": "The longest levers are 18 feet, the second size 16, the third 15; the hand-spikes are 12, 10, and 8 feet respectively." + }, + { + "id": 8767, + "la": "XX Trapetum quo modo concinnare oporteat", + "en": "XX. Method of mounting the mill." + }, + { + "id": 8768, + "la": "Columellam ferream, quae in miliario stat, eam rectam stare oportet in medio ad perpendiculum, cuneis salignis circumfigi oportet bene, eo plumbum effundere, caveat ni labet columella", + "en": "The iron pivot which stands on the post must stand straight upright in the centre; it should be fastened firmly on all sides with willow wedges, and lead should be poured over it to prevent it from shaking;" + }, + { + "id": 8769, + "la": "Si movebitur, eximito; denuo eodem modo facito, ne se moveat", + "en": "if it moves, take it out and fasten it again in the same way, so that it will not move." + }, + { + "id": 8770, + "la": "Modiolos in orbis oleagineos ex orcite olea facito, eos circumplumbato, caveto ne laxi sient", + "en": "Make the sockets for the stones of orcite olive wood, and fasten them with lead, being careful to keep them tight." + }, + { + "id": 8771, + "la": "In cupam eos indito Cunicas solidas latas digitum pollicem facito, labeam bifariam faciat habeant, quas figat clavis duplicibus, ne cadant", + "en": "Fix them on the axle. Make one piece bushings, a thumb wide, flanged at both ends and double-nailed to keep them from falling out." + }, + { + "id": 8772, + "la": "XXI Cupam facito P X, tam crassam quam modioli postulabunt,media inter orbis quae conveniat", + "en": "XXI. Make a ten-foot bar as thick as the sockets require, the mid-point to fit between the stones." + }, + { + "id": 8773, + "la": "Crassam quam columella ferrea erit, eam mediam pertundito, uti columellam indere possis", + "en": "Drill a hole in the middle as large as the iron pivot, so that the latter may be inserted in it." + }, + { + "id": 8774, + "la": "Eo fistulam ferream indito, quae in columellam conveniat et in cupam", + "en": "Insert here an iron casing to fit into the pivot and the bar." + }, + { + "id": 8775, + "la": "Inter cupam dextra sinistra pertundito late digitos primoris IIII, alte digitos primoris III, sub cupa tabulam ferream, quam lata cupa media erit, pertusam figito, quae in columellam conveniat", + "en": "Make a hole in the bar, 4 finger-tips square and 3 finger-tips deep, and on the lower side of the bar fasten an iron plate of the breadth of the middle of the bar, perforated to fit over the pivot." + }, + { + "id": 8776, + "la": "Dextra sinistra, foramina ubi feceris, lamnis circumplectito", + "en": "After piercing the holes face them on both sides with metal plates," + }, + { + "id": 8777, + "la": "Replicato in inferiorem partem cupae omnis quattuor lamminas; utrimque secus lamminas sub lamminas pollulas minutas supponito, eas inter sese configito, ne foramina maiora fiant, quo cupulae minusculae indentur", + "en": "and bend back all four plates to the lower side of the bar; under these plates fasten thin metal strips on both sides, and fasten them together so that the holes in which the small handles are fitted may not spread." + }, + { + "id": 8778, + "la": "Cupa qua fini in modiolos erit, utrimque secus imbricibus ferreis quattuor de suo sibi utrimque secus facito qui figas Imbrices medias clavulis figito", + "en": "At the point where the bar enters the sockets be careful to face them on both sides with four trough-shaped iron plates and fasten them in the middle with nails." + }, + { + "id": 8779, + "la": "Supra imbrices extrinsecus cupam pertundito, qua clavus eat, qui orbem cludat", + "en": "Above these plates pierce the bar on the outside for the bolt to fasten the stone." + }, + { + "id": 8780, + "la": "Insuper foramen librarium ferreum digitos sex latum indito, pertusum utrimque secus, qua clavus eat", + "en": "On top of the opening place a one-pound iron collar, 6 fingers wide, pierced on both sides to allow the bolt to enter." + }, + { + "id": 8781, + "la": "Haec omnia eius rei causa fiunt, uti ne cupa in lapide conteratur", + "en": "All this is for the purpose of preventing the bar from wearing on the stone." + }, + { + "id": 8782, + "la": "Armillas IIII facito, quas circum orbem indas, ne cupa et clavus conterantur intrinsecus", + "en": "Make four rings to place around the stone to keep the bar and the bolt from wearing on the inside." + }, + { + "id": 8783, + "la": "Cupam materia ulmea aut faginea facito", + "en": "Use elm or beech for the bar." + }, + { + "id": 8784, + "la": "Ferrum factum quod opus erit uti idem faber figat; opus sunt", + "en": "The same smith should make and set the necessary iron work, at a cost of 60 sesterces;" + }, + { + "id": 8785, + "la": "Plumbum in cupam emito HS IIII", + "en": "you can buy lead for the bar for 4 sesterces;" + }, + { + "id": 8786, + "la": "Cupam qui concinnet et modiolos qui indat et plumbet, operas fabri dumtaxat HS VIII; idem trapetum oportet accommodet", + "en": "wages of the workman who assembles and sets the sockets with lead, at least 8 sesterces, and the same man should adjust the mill." + }, + { + "id": 8787, + "la": "Summa sumpti HS LXXII praeter adiutores", + "en": "Total cost, 72 sesterces, exclusive of helpers." + }, + { + "id": 8788, + "la": "XXII Trapetum hoc modo accommodare oportet", + "en": "XXII. The mill should be adjusted as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 8789, + "la": "Librator uti statuatur pariter ab labris Digitum minimum orbem abesse oportet ab solo mortari", + "en": "Level it so that the stones are set at equal distances from the rims and clearing the bottom of the mortar by a little fingers breadth;" + }, + { + "id": 8790, + "la": "Orbes cavere oportet nequid mortarium terant", + "en": "see that the stones do not rub the basin at all." + }, + { + "id": 8791, + "la": "Inter orbem et miliarium unum digitum interesse oportet", + "en": "There should be a fingers breadth between the stone and the column;" + }, + { + "id": 8792, + "la": "Si plus intererit atque orbes nimium aberunt, funi circumligato miliarium arte crebro, uti expleas quod nimium interest", + "en": "if the space is greater and the stones are too far distant, wind a cord around the column tightly several times so as to fill in the excessive space." + }, + { + "id": 8793, + "la": "Si orbes altiores erunt atque nimium mortarium deorsom teret, orbiculos ligneos pertusos in miliarium in columella supponito, eo altitudinem temperato", + "en": "If the stones are set too deep and rub the bottom of the basin too much, place perforated wooden disks over the pivot and on the column and thus regulate the height." + }, + { + "id": 8794, + "la": "Eodem modo latitudinem orbiculis ligneis aut armillis ferreis temperato, usque dum recte temperabitur", + "en": "In the same way adjust the spread with wooden disks or iron rings until the stones fit accurately." + }, + { + "id": 8795, + "la": "Eos cum advexeris, ex trapeto temperato", + "en": "alter them to fit the mill after they have been hauled." + }, + { + "id": 8796, + "la": "Tantidem Pompeis emitur", + "en": "The price is the same at Pompeii." + }, + { + "id": 8797, + "la": "XXIII Fac ad vindemiam quae opus sunt ut parentur", + "en": "XXIII. Have everything that is needed ready for the vintage;" + }, + { + "id": 8798, + "la": "Vasa laventur, corbulae sarciantur, picentur, dolia quae opus sunt picentur, quom pluet; quala parentur, sarciantur, far molatur, menae emantur, oleae caducae salliantur", + "en": "let vats be cleaned, baskets mended and pitched, necessary jars be pitched on rainy days; let hampers be made ready and mended, spelt be ground, salt fish be bought, and windfall olives be salted." + }, + { + "id": 8799, + "la": "Uvas miscellas, vinum praeliganeum quod operarii bibant, ubi tempus erit, legito", + "en": "Gather the inferior grapes for the sharp wine for the hands to drink, when the time comes." + }, + { + "id": 8800, + "la": "Siccum puriter omnium dierum pariter in dolia dividito", + "en": "Divide the grapes gathered each day, after cleaning and drying, equally between the jars." + }, + { + "id": 8801, + "la": "Si opus erit, defrutum indito in mustum de musto lixivo coctum, partem quadragesimam addito defruti vel salis sesquilibram in culleum", + "en": "If necessary, add to the new wine a fortieth part of must boiled down from untrod grapes, or a pound and a half of salt to the culleus." + }, + { + "id": 8802, + "la": "Marmor si indes, in culleum libram indito; id indito in urnam, misceto cum musto; id indito in doleum", + "en": "If you use marble dust, add one pound to the culleus; mix this with must in a vessel and then pour into the jar." + }, + { + "id": 8803, + "la": "Resinam si indes, in culleum musti P III, bene conminuito, indito in fiscellam et facito uti in doleo musti pendeat; eam quassato crebro, uti resina condeliquescat", + "en": "If you use resin, pulverize it thoroughly, three pounds to the culleus of must, place it in a basket, and suspend it in the jar of must; shake the basket often so that the resin may dissolve." + }, + { + "id": 8804, + "la": "Ubi indideris defrutum aut marmor aut resinam, dies XX permisceto crebro, tribulato cotidie", + "en": "When you use boiled must or marble dust or resin, stir frequently for twenty days and press down daily." + }, + { + "id": 8805, + "la": "Tortivum mustum circumcidaneum suo cuique dolio dividito additoque pariter", + "en": "Divide the must of the second pressing1 and add equally to each jar." + }, + { + "id": 8806, + "la": "XXIV Vinum Graecum hoc modo fieri oportet", + "en": "XXIV. Directions for making Greek wine:" + }, + { + "id": 8807, + "la": "Uvas Apicias percoctas bene legito", + "en": "Gather carefully well-ripened Apician grapes," + }, + { + "id": 8808, + "la": "Ubi delegeris, in eius musti culleum aquae marinae veteris Q II indito vel salis puri modium; eum in fiscella suspendito sinitoque cum musto distabescat", + "en": "and add to the culleus of must two quadrantals of old sea-water, or a modius of pure salt. If the latter is used, suspend it in a basket and let it dissolve in the must." + }, + { + "id": 8809, + "la": "Si helvolum vinum facere voles, dimidium helvoli, dimidium Apicii vini indito, defruti veteris partem tricesimam addito", + "en": "If you wish to make a straw-coloured wine, take equal parts of yellow and Apician wine and add a thirtieth of old boiled wine." + }, + { + "id": 8810, + "la": "Quidquid vini defrutabis, partem tricesimam defruti addito", + "en": "Add a thirtieth part of concentrated must to any kind of blended wine." + }, + { + "id": 8811, + "la": "XXV Quom vinum coctum erit et quom legetur, facito uti servetur familiae primum suisque, facitoque studeas bene percoctum siccumque legere, ne vinum nomen perdat", + "en": "XXV. When the grapes are ripe and gathered, let the first be kept for household use. See that they are not gathered until they are thoroughly ripe and dry, that the wine may not lose its reputation." + }, + { + "id": 8812, + "la": "Vinaceos cotidie recentis succernito lecto restibus subtento, vel cribrum illi rei parato", + "en": "Sift the fresh husks daily through a bed stretched on cords, or make a sieve for the purpose," + }, + { + "id": 8813, + "la": "Eos conculcato in dolia picata vel in lacum vinarium picatum", + "en": "and after treading place them in pitched jars or a pitched vat." + }, + { + "id": 8814, + "la": "Id bene iubeto oblini, quod des bubus per hiemem", + "en": "Have this sealed tight, to feed to cattle through the winter;" + }, + { + "id": 8815, + "la": "Indidem, si voles, lavito paulatim Erit lora familiae quod bibat", + "en": "or if you wish you can soak some of it a while and you will have an after-wine for the hands to drink." + }, + { + "id": 8816, + "la": "XXVI Vindemia facta vasa torcula, corbulas, fiscinas, funis, patibula, fibulas iubeto suo quidquid loco condi", + "en": "XXVI. After the vintage is over order all the pressing utensils, hampers, baskets, ropes, props, and bars to be stored, each in its proper place." + }, + { + "id": 8817, + "la": "Dolia cum vino bis in die fac extergeantur, privasque scopulas in dolia facito habeas illi rei, qui labra doliorum circumfrices", + "en": "Have the jars containing wine wiped off twice a day, and see that you provide each jar with its own broom with which to wipe off the edges." + }, + { + "id": 8818, + "la": "Ubi erit lectum dies triginta, si bene deacinata erunt, dolia oblinito", + "en": "Thirty days after the gathering, if the fermentation is complete, seal the jars." + }, + { + "id": 8819, + "la": "Si voles de faece demere vinum, tum erit ei rei optimum tempus", + "en": "If you wish to draw off the wine from the lees, this will be the best time to do it." + }, + { + "id": 8820, + "la": "XXVII Sementim facito, ocinum, viciam, faenum Graecum, fabam, ervum, pabulum bubus", + "en": "XXVII. Sow clover, vetch, fenugreek,1 beans, and bitter-vetch as forage for cattle." + }, + { + "id": 8821, + "la": "Alteram et tertiam pabuli sationem facito", + "en": "Make a second and a third sowing of forage;" + }, + { + "id": 8822, + "la": "Deinde alias fruges serito", + "en": "then plant the other crops." + }, + { + "id": 8823, + "la": "Scrobis in vervacto oleis, ulmis, vitibus, ficis; simul cum semine serito", + "en": "Dig trenches in fallow ground for olives, elms, vines, and figs, and plant at seed-time.2" + }, + { + "id": 8824, + "la": "Si erit locus siccus, tum oleas per sementim serito, et quae ante satae erunt, teneras tum supputato et arbores ablaqueato", + "en": "If the ground is dry, transplant3 olives at seed-time, prune the young olives which had been planted before, and trench the trees." + }, + { + "id": 8825, + "la": "XXVIII Oleas, ulmos, ficos, poma, vites, pinos, cupressos cum seres, bene cum radicibus eximito cum terra sua quam plurima circumligatoque, uti ferre possis; in alveo aut in corbula ferri iubeto", + "en": "XXVIII. In transplanting olives, elms, figs, fruit trees, vines, pines, and cypresses, dig them up carefully, roots and all, with as much of their own soil as possible, and tie them up so that you can transport them. Have them carried in a box or basket." + }, + { + "id": 8826, + "la": "Caveto, quom ventus siet aut imber, effodias aut feras; nam id maxime cavendum est", + "en": "Be careful not to dig them up or transport them when the wind is blowing or when it is raining, for this is especially to be avoided." + }, + { + "id": 8827, + "la": "In scrobe quom pones, summam terram subdito; postea operito terra radicibus fini, deinde calcato pedibus bene, deinde festucis vectibusque calcato quam optime poteris; id erit ei rei primum", + "en": "When you place them in the trench, bed them in top soil, spread dirt over them to the ends of the roots, trample it thoroughly, and pack with rammers and bars as firmly as possible; this is the most important thing." + }, + { + "id": 8828, + "la": "Arbores crassiores digitis V quae erunt, eas praecisas serito oblinitoque fimo summas et foliis alligato", + "en": "Before transplanting, cut off the tops of trees which are more than five fingers in diameter and smear the scars with dung and wrap them in leaves." + }, + { + "id": 8829, + "la": "XXIX Stercus dividito sic", + "en": "XXIX. Divide your manure as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 8830, + "la": "Partem dimidiam in segetem, ubi pabulum seras, invehito, et si ibi olea erit, simul ablaqueato stercusque addito: postea pabulum serito", + "en": "Haul one-half for the forage crops, and when you sow these, if this ground is planted with olives, trench and manure them at this time; then sow the forage crops." + }, + { + "id": 8831, + "la": "Partem quartam circum oleas ablaqueatas, quom maxime opus erit, addito terraque stercus operito", + "en": "Add a fourth of the manure around the trenched olives when it is most needed, and cover this manure with soil. ." + }, + { + "id": 8832, + "la": "Alteram quartam partem in pratum reservato idque, quom maxime opus erit, ubi favonius flabit, evehito luna silenti", + "en": "Save the last fourth for the meadows, and when most needed, as the west wind is blowing,1 haul it in the dark of the moon" + }, + { + "id": 8833, + "la": "XXX Bubus frondem ulmeam, populneam, querneam, ficulneam, usque dum habebis, dato", + "en": "XXX. Feed the cattle elm, poplar, oak, and fig leaves as long as these last;" + }, + { + "id": 8834, + "la": "Ovibus frondem viridem, usque dum habebis, praebeto; ubi sementim facturus eris, ibi oves delectato; et frondem usque ad pabula matura", + "en": "and keep the sheep supplied with green leaves as long as you have them. Fold sheep on land which you intend to plant, and feed them leaves there until the forage is full grown." + }, + { + "id": 8835, + "la": "Pabulum aridum quod condideris in hiemem quam maxime conservato, cogitatoque hiemis quam longa siet", + "en": "Save as carefully as possible the dry fodder which you have stored against winter, and remember how long winter lasts." + }, + { + "id": 8836, + "la": "XXXI Ad oleam cogendam quae opus erunt parentur", + "en": "XXXI. Let all necessary preparations be made for the olive harvest:" + }, + { + "id": 8837, + "la": "Vimina matura, salix per tempus legatur, uti sit unde corbulae fiant et veteres sarciantur", + "en": "Let ripe withes and willow branches be gathered betimes as material for making new baskets and mending old ones." + }, + { + "id": 8838, + "la": "Fibulae unde fiant, aridae iligneae, ulmeae, nuceae, ficulneae, fac in stercus aut in aquam coniciantur; inde, ubi opus erit, fibulas facito Vectes iligneos, acrufolios, laureos, ulmeos facito uti sient parati", + "en": "Have dry oak, elm, nut, and fig sticks for making pins buried in the dunghill or in water, and make pins from them when needed. Have oak, ilex, laurel, and elm levers ready." + }, + { + "id": 8839, + "la": "Prelum ex carpino atra potissimum facito", + "en": "Make the press-beam preferably of black hornbeam." + }, + { + "id": 8840, + "la": "Ulmeam, pineam, nuceam, hanc atque aliam materiem omnem cum effodies, luna decrescente eximito post meridiem sine vento austro", + "en": "Take out elm, pine, nut, and all other timber which you are felling, when the moon is on the wane, after noon, while there is no south wind." + }, + { + "id": 8841, + "la": "Tum erit tempestiva, cum semen suum maturum erit, cavetoque per rorem trahas aut doles", + "en": "It is ready for cutting when the seed is ripe. Be careful not to haul or work it in the wet." + }, + { + "id": 8842, + "la": "Quae materies semen non habebit, cum glubebit, tempestiva erit", + "en": "Timber that has no seed is ready for cutting when the bark peels." + }, + { + "id": 8843, + "la": "Vento austro caveto nequam materiem neve vinum tractes nisi necessario", + "en": "Do not handle any timber or vine when the south wind is blowing, unless you are compelled to do so." + }, + { + "id": 8844, + "la": "XXXII Vineas arboresque mature face incipias putare", + "en": "XXXII. See that you begin early to trim vines and trees." + }, + { + "id": 8845, + "la": "Vites propages in sulcos; susum vorsum, quod eius facere poteris, vitis facito uti ducas", + "en": "Layer vines into trenches, and, so far as possible, train them to grow vertically." + }, + { + "id": 8846, + "la": "Arbores hoc modo putentur, rami uti divaricentur, quos relinques, et uti recte caedantur et ne nimium crebri relinquantur", + "en": "The trees should be trimmed as follows: The branches which you leave should spread out, should be cut straight up, and should not be left too thick." + }, + { + "id": 8847, + "la": "Vites bene nodentur; per omnes ramos diligenter caveto ne vitem praecipites et ne nimium praestringas", + "en": "The vines should be well knotted1; and be especially careful not to bend them downward along any of the branches and not to tie them too tightly." + }, + { + "id": 8848, + "la": "Arbores facito uti bene maritae sint vitesque uti satis multae adserantur et, sicubi opus erit, de arbore deiciantur, uti in terram deprimantur, et biennio post praecidito veteres", + "en": "See that the trees are well wedded,2 and that a sufficient number of vines are planted for them; and wherever it is necessary let these be detached from the trees and buried in the ground, and two years later cut them off from the old stock." + }, + { + "id": 8849, + "la": "XXXIII Viniam sic facito uti curetur", + "en": "XXXIII. Have the vineyard treated as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 8850, + "la": "Vitem bene nodatam deligato recte, flexuosa uti ne sit, susum vorsum semper ducito, quod eius poteris", + "en": "Tie a well-knotted vine straight up, keeping it from bending, and make it grow vertically, so far as you can." + }, + { + "id": 8851, + "la": "Vinarios custodesque recte relinquito", + "en": "Leave fruit-bearing shoots and reserve stubs3 at proper intervals." + }, + { + "id": 8852, + "la": "Quam altissimam viniam facito alligatoque recte, dum ne nimium constringas", + "en": "Train the vines as high as possible and tie them firmly, but without choking them." + }, + { + "id": 8853, + "la": "Hoc modo eam curato", + "en": "Cultivate as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 8854, + "la": "Capita vitium per sementim ablaqueato", + "en": "At seed-time trench the soil around the crown of the vine," + }, + { + "id": 8855, + "la": "Vineam putatam circumfodito, arare incipito, ultro citroque sulcos perpetuos ducito", + "en": "and after pruning cultivate around it. Begin ploughing, and run straight furrows back and forth." + }, + { + "id": 8856, + "la": "Vites teneras quam primum propagato, sic occato; veteres quam minimum castrato, potius, si opus erit, deicito biennioque post praecidito", + "en": "Set out young vines as early as possible, then harrow; prune the old ones very slightly, or rather, if you need cuttings, layer the branches and take off the cuttings two years later." + }, + { + "id": 8857, + "la": "Vitem novellam resicari tum erit tempus, ubi valebit", + "en": "The proper time for cutting back the young plant is when it is strong." + }, + { + "id": 8858, + "la": "Si vinea a vite calva erit, sulcos interponito ibique viveradicem serito, umbram ab sulcis removeto crebroque fodito", + "en": "If there are gaps in the rows, run furrows and plant rooted cuttings, keep the furrows clear of shade, and cultivate frequently." + }, + { + "id": 8859, + "la": "In vinea vetere serito ocinum, si macra erit (quod granum capiat ne serito), et circum capita addito stercus, paleas, vinaceas, aliquid horum, quo rectius valeat", + "en": "In an old vineyard sow clover if the soil is lean(do not sow anything that will form a head), and around the roots apply manure, straw, grape dregs, or anything of the sort, to make it stronger." + }, + { + "id": 8860, + "la": "Ubi vinea frondere coeperit, pampinato", + "en": "When the vine begins to form leaves, thin them." + }, + { + "id": 8861, + "la": "Vineas novellas alligato crebro, ne caules praefringantur, et quae iam in perticam ibit, eius pampinos teneros alligato leviter corrigitoque, uti recte spectent", + "en": "Tie up the young vines at frequent intervals to keep the stems from breaking, and when they begin to climb the props tie the tender branches loosely, and turn them so that they will grow vertically." + }, + { + "id": 8862, + "la": "Ubi uva varia fieri coeperit, vites subligato, pampinato uvasque expellito, circum capita sarito", + "en": "When the grapes begin to turn, tie up the vines, strip the leaves so as to expose the grapes, and dig around the stocks." + }, + { + "id": 8863, + "la": "Salictum suo tempore caedito, glubito arteque alligato", + "en": "Cut willows at the proper time, strip the bark, and tie them in tight bundles." + }, + { + "id": 8864, + "la": "Librum conservato, cum opus erit in vinea, ex eo in aquam coicito, alligato", + "en": "Save the bark, and when you need it for the vines, steep some of it in water to make tapes." + }, + { + "id": 8865, + "la": "Vimina, unde corbulae fiant, conservato", + "en": "Save the withes for making baskets." + }, + { + "id": 8866, + "la": "XXXIV Redeo ad sementim", + "en": "XXXIV. I return to the matter of planting." + }, + { + "id": 8867, + "la": "Ubi quisque locus frigidissimus aquosissimusque erit, ibi primum serito In caldissimis locis sementim postremum fieri oportet", + "en": "Plant the coldest and most humid ground first, and then the rest of the ground in turn to the warmest, which should come last." + }, + { + "id": 8868, + "la": "Terram cave cariosam tractes", + "en": "Do not work ground which is cariosa1 at all." + }, + { + "id": 8869, + "la": "Ager rubricosus et terra pulla, materina, rudecta, harenosa, item quae aquosa non erit, ibi lupinum bonum fiet", + "en": "Lupine2 will do well in soil that is reddish, and also in ground that is dark, or hard, or poor, or sandy, or not wet." + }, + { + "id": 8870, + "la": "In creta et uligine et rubrica et ager qui aquosus erit, semen adoreum potissimum serito", + "en": "Sow spelt3 preferably in soil that is chalky, or swampy, or red, or humid." + }, + { + "id": 8871, + "la": "Quae loca sicca et non herbosa erunt, aperta ab umbra, ibi triticum serito", + "en": "Plant wheat in soil that is dry, free from weeds, and sunny." + }, + { + "id": 8872, + "la": "XXXV Fabam in locis validis non calamitosis serito", + "en": "XXXV. Plant beans in strong soil which is protected from storms;" + }, + { + "id": 8873, + "la": "Viciam et faenum Graecum quam minime herbosis locis serito", + "en": "vetch and fenugreek4 in places as clear of weeds as possible." + }, + { + "id": 8874, + "la": "Siliginem, triticum in loco aperto celso, ubi sol quam diutissime siet, seri oportet", + "en": "Wheat and winter wheat should be sown on high, open ground, where the sun shines longest." + }, + { + "id": 8875, + "la": "Lentim in rudecto et rubricoso loco, qui herbosus non siet, serito", + "en": "Lentils should be planted in unfertile and reddish soil, free of weeds;" + }, + { + "id": 8876, + "la": "Hordeum, qui locus novus erit aut qui restibilis fieri poterit, serito", + "en": "barley in new ground, or ground which does not need to lie fallow." + }, + { + "id": 8877, + "la": "Trimestre, quo in loco sementim maturam facere non potueris et qui locus restibilis crassitudine fieri poterit, seri oportet", + "en": "Spring wheat should be planted in ground in which you cannot ripen the regular variety, or in ground which, because of its strength, does not need to lie fallow." + }, + { + "id": 8878, + "la": "Rapinam et coles rapicii unde fiant et raphanum in loco stercorato bene aut in loco crasso serito", + "en": "Plant turnips, kohlrabi seed, and radishes in land well manured or naturally strong." + }, + { + "id": 8879, + "la": "XXXVI Quae segetem stercorent", + "en": "XXXVI. Fertilizers for crops:" + }, + { + "id": 8880, + "la": "Stercus columbinum spargere oportet in pratum vel in hortum vel in segetem", + "en": "Spread pigeon dung on meadow, garden, and field crops." + }, + { + "id": 8881, + "la": "Caprinum, ovillum, bubulum, item ceterum stercus omne sedulo conservato", + "en": "Save carefully goat, sheep, cattle, and all other dung." + }, + { + "id": 8882, + "la": "Amurcam spargas vel inriges ad arbores; circum capita maiora amphoras, ad minora urnas cum aquae dimidio addito, ablaqueato prius non alte", + "en": "Spread or pour amurca1 around trees, an amphora to the larger, an urn to the smaller, diluted with half its volume of water, after running a shallow trench around them." + }, + { + "id": 8883, + "la": "XXXVII Quae mala in segete sint", + "en": "XXXVII. Things which are harmful to crops:" + }, + { + "id": 8884, + "la": "Si cariosam terram tractes", + "en": "If you work land which is cariosa;" + }, + { + "id": 8885, + "la": "Cicer, quod vellitur et quod salsum est, eo malum est", + "en": "chick peas are harmful, because they are torn out by the roots and are salty;" + }, + { + "id": 8886, + "la": "Hordeum, faenum Graecum, ervum, haec omnia segetem exsugunt et omnia quae velluntur", + "en": "barley, fenugreek, bitter vetch, and all crops which are pulled out by the roots, exhaust the soil." + }, + { + "id": 8887, + "la": "Nucleos in segetem ne indideris", + "en": "Do not bury olive seeds in land intended for crops." + }, + { + "id": 8888, + "la": "Quae segetem stercorent fruges: lupinum, faba, vicia", + "en": "Crops which fertilize land: Lupines, beans, and vetch." + }, + { + "id": 8889, + "la": "Stercus unde facias: stramenta, lupinum, paleas, fabalia, acus, frondem iligneam, querneam", + "en": "You may make compost of straw, lupines, chaff, bean stalks, husks, and ilex and oak leaves." + }, + { + "id": 8890, + "la": "Ex segeti vellito ebulum, cicutam et circum salicta herbam altam ulvamque; eam substernito ovibus bubusque, frondem putidam", + "en": "Pull up the elder and hemlock bushes which grow in the grain fields, and the high grass and sedge around the willow bed; use them for bedding down sheep, and decayed leaves for cattle." + }, + { + "id": 8891, + "la": "Partem de nucleis succernito et in lacum coicito, eo aquam addito, permisceto rutro bene; inde lutum circum oleas ablaqueatas addito, nucleos conbustos item addito", + "en": "Separate part of the olive seeds and throw them into a pit, add water, and mix them thoroughly with a shovel. Make trenches around the olive trees and apply this mixture, adding also burned seeds." + }, + { + "id": 8892, + "la": "Vitis si macra erit, sarmenta sua concidito minute et ibidem inarato aut infodito", + "en": "If a vine is unhealthy, cut its shoots into small bits and plough or spade them in around it." + }, + { + "id": 8893, + "la": "Per hiemem lucubratione haec facito: ridicas et palos, quos pridie in tecto posueris, siccos dolato, faculas facito, stercus egerito", + "en": "The following is evening work for winter: Work up into vine poles and stakes the wood which was brought under cover the day before to dry out; make faggots; and clear out manure." + }, + { + "id": 8894, + "la": "Nisi intermestri lunaque dimidiata tum ne tangas materiem", + "en": "Do not touch timber except in the dark of the moon, or in its last phase." + }, + { + "id": 8895, + "la": "Quam effodies aut praecides abs terra, diebus VII proximis, quibus luna plena fuerit, optime eximetur", + "en": "The best time to take out timber which you dig up or fell is during the seven days following the full moon." + }, + { + "id": 8896, + "la": "Omnino caveto nequam materiem doles neu caedas neu tangas, si potes, nisi siccam neu gelidam neu rorulentam", + "en": "Above all things, do not work, or fell, or, if you can avoid it, even touch timber which is wet, or frosted, or covered with dew." + }, + { + "id": 8897, + "la": "Frumenta face bis sarias runcesque avenamque destringas", + "en": "Hoe and weed grain twice, and strip the wild oats." + }, + { + "id": 8898, + "la": "De vinea et arboribus putatis sarmenta degere et fascinam face et vitis et ligna in caminum ficulna et codicillos domino in acervum conpone", + "en": "Remove the twigs from the prunings of vines and trees, and make them into bundles; and heap the vine and fig sticks for the forge, and the split wood for the use of the master." + }, + { + "id": 8899, + "la": "XXXVIII Fornacem calcariam pedes latam X facito, altam pedes XX, usque ad pedes tres summam latam redigito", + "en": "XXXVIII. Build the lime-kiln ten feet across, twenty feet from top to bottom, sloping the sides in to a width of three feet at the top." + }, + { + "id": 8900, + "la": "Si uno praefurnio coques, lacunam intus magnam facito, uti satis siet ubi cinerem concipiat, ne foras sit educendus", + "en": "If you burn with only one door, make a pit inside large enough to hold the ashes, so that it will not be necessary to clear them out." + }, + { + "id": 8901, + "la": "Fornacemque bene struito; facito fortax totam fornacem infimam conplectatur", + "en": "Be careful in the construction of the kiln; see that the grate covers the entire bottom of the kiln." + }, + { + "id": 8902, + "la": "Si duobus praefurniis coques, lacuna nihil opus erit", + "en": "If you burn with two doors there will be no need of a pit;" + }, + { + "id": 8903, + "la": "Cum cinere eruto opus erit, altero praefurnio eruito, in altero ignis erit", + "en": "when it becomes necessary to take out the ashes, clear through one door while the fire is in the other." + }, + { + "id": 8904, + "la": "Ignem caveto ne intermittas quin semper siet, neve noctu neve ullo tempore intermittatur caveto", + "en": "Be careful to keep the fire burning constantly, and do not let it die down at night or at any other time." + }, + { + "id": 8905, + "la": "Lapidem bonum in fornacem quam candidissimum, quam minime varium indito", + "en": "Charge the kiln only with good stone, as white and uniform as possible." + }, + { + "id": 8906, + "la": "Cum fornacem facies, fauces praecipites deorsum facito", + "en": "In building the kiln, let the throat run straight down." + }, + { + "id": 8907, + "la": "Ubi satis foderis, tum fornaci locum facito, uti quam altissima et quam minime ventosa siet", + "en": "When you have dug deep enough, make a bed for the kiln so as to give it the greatest possible depth and the least exposure to the wind." + }, + { + "id": 8908, + "la": "Si parum altam fornacem habebis ubi facias, latere summam statuito aut caementis cum luto summam extrinsecus oblinito", + "en": "If you lack a spot for building a kiln of sufficient depth, run up the top with brick,1 or face the top on the outside with field stone set in mortar." + }, + { + "id": 8909, + "la": "Cum ignem subdideris, siqua flamma exibit nisi per orbem summum, luto oblinito", + "en": "When it is fired, if the flame comes out at any point but the circular top, stop the orifice with mortar." + }, + { + "id": 8910, + "la": "Ventus ad praefurnium caveto ne accedat: inibi austrum caveto maxime", + "en": "Keep the wind, and especially the south wind, from reaching the door." + }, + { + "id": 8911, + "la": "Hoc signi erit, ubi calx cocta erit, summos lapides coctos esse oportebit; item infimi lapides cocti cadent, et flamma minus fumosa exibit", + "en": "The calcining of the stones at the top will show that the whole has calcined; also, the calcined stones at the bottom will settle, and the flame will be less smoky when it comes out." + }, + { + "id": 8912, + "la": "Si ligna et virgas non poteris vendere neque lapidem habebis, unde calcem coquas, de lignis carbones coquito, virgas et sarmenta, quae tibi usioni supererunt, in segete conburito", + "en": "If you cannot sell your firewood and faggots, and have no stone to burn for lime, make charcoal of the firewood, and burn in the field the faggots and brush you do not need." + }, + { + "id": 8913, + "la": "Ubi eas conbusseris, ibi papaver serito", + "en": "Where you have burned them plant poppies." + }, + { + "id": 8914, + "la": "XXXIX Ubi tempestates malae erunt, cum opus fieri non poterit, stercus in stercilinum egerito", + "en": "XXXIX. When the weather is bad and no other work can be done, clear out manure for the compost heap;" + }, + { + "id": 8915, + "la": "Bubile, ovile, cohortem, villam bene purgato", + "en": "clean thoroughly the ox stalls, sheep pens, barnyard, and farmstead;" + }, + { + "id": 8916, + "la": "Dolia plumbo vincito vel materie quernea vere sicca alligato", + "en": "and mend wine-jars with lead, or hoop them with thoroughly dried oak wood." + }, + { + "id": 8917, + "la": "Si bene sarseris aut bene alligaveris et in rimas medicamentum indideris beneque picaveris, quodvis dolium vinarium facere poteris", + "en": "If you mend it carefully, or hoop it tightly, closing the cracks with cement and pitching it thoroughly, you can make any jar serve as a wine-jar." + }, + { + "id": 8918, + "la": "Medicamentum in dolium hoc modo facito: cerae P I, resinae P I, sulpuris P C C", + "en": "Make a cement for a wine-jar as follows: Take one pound of wax, one pound of resin, and two-thirds of a pound of sulphur," + }, + { + "id": 8919, + "la": "Haec omnia in calicem novum indito, eo addito gypsum contritum, uti crassitudo fiat quasi emplastrum, eo dolia sarcito", + "en": "and mix in a new vessel. Add pulverized gypsum sufficient to make it of the consistency of a plaster, and mend the jar with it." + }, + { + "id": 8920, + "la": "Ubi sarseris, qui colorem eundem facias, cretae crudae partes duas, calcis tertiam conmisceto; inde laterculos facito, coquito in fornace, eum conterito idque inducito", + "en": "To make the colour uniform after mending, mix two parts of crude chalk and one of lime, form into small bricks, bake in the oven, pulverize, and apply to the jar." + }, + { + "id": 8921, + "la": "Per imbrem in villa quaerito quid fieri possit", + "en": "In rainy weather try to find something to do indoors." + }, + { + "id": 8922, + "la": "Ne cessetur, munditias facito", + "en": "Clean up rather than be idle." + }, + { + "id": 8923, + "la": "Cogitato, si nihil fiet, nihilo minus sumptum futurum", + "en": "Remember that even though work stops, expenses run on none the less." + }, + { + "id": 8924, + "la": "XL Per ver haec fieri oportet", + "en": "XL. The following work should be done in the spring:" + }, + { + "id": 8925, + "la": "Sulcos et scrobes fieri, seminariis, vitiariis locum verti, vites propagari, in locis crassis et umectis ulmos, ficos, poma, oleas seri oportet", + "en": "Trenches and furrows should be made, ground should be turned for the olive and vine nurseries, vines should be set out; elms, figs, fruit trees, and olives should be planted in rich, humid ground." + }, + { + "id": 8926, + "la": "Ficos, oleas, mala, pira, vites inseri oportet luna silenti post meridiem sine vento austro Oleas, ficos, pira, mala hoc modo inserito", + "en": "Figs, olives, apples, pears, and vines should be grafted in the dark of the moon, after noon, when the south wind is not blowing. The following is a good method of grafting olives, figs, pears or apples:" + }, + { + "id": 8927, + "la": "Quem ramum insiturus eris, praecidito, inclinato aliquantum, ut aqua defluat; cum praecides, caveto ne librum convellas", + "en": "Cut the end of the branch you are going to graft, slope it a bit so that the water will run off, and in cutting be careful not to tear the bark." + }, + { + "id": 8928, + "la": "Sumito tibi surculum durum, eum praeacuito, salicem Graecam discindito", + "en": "Get you a hard stick and sharpen the end, and split a Greek willow." + }, + { + "id": 8929, + "la": "Argillam vel cretam coaddito, harenae paululum et fimum bubulum, haec una bene condepsito, quam maxime uti lentum fiat", + "en": "Mix clay or chalk, a little sand, and cattle dung, and knead them thoroughly so as to make a very sticky mass." + }, + { + "id": 8930, + "la": "Capito tibi scissam salicem, ea stirpem praecisum circumligato, ne liber frangatur", + "en": "Take your split willow and tie it around the cut branch to keep the bark from splitting." + }, + { + "id": 8931, + "la": "Ubi id feceris, surculum praeacutum inter librum et stirpem artito primoris digitos II", + "en": "When you have done this, drive the sharpened stick between the bark and the wood two finger-tips deep." + }, + { + "id": 8932, + "la": "Postea capito tibi surculum, quod genus inserere voles, eum primorem praeacuito oblicum primoris digitos II", + "en": "Then take your shoot, whatever variety you wish to graft, and sharpen the end obliquely for a distance of two finger-tips;" + }, + { + "id": 8933, + "la": "Surculum aridum, quem artiveris, eximito, eo artito surculum, quem inserere voles", + "en": "take out the dry stick which you have driven in and drive in the shoot you wish to graft." + }, + { + "id": 8934, + "la": "Librum ad librum vorsum facito, artito usque adeo, quo praeacueris", + "en": "Fit bark to bark, and drive it in to the end of the slope." + }, + { + "id": 8935, + "la": "Idem alterum surculum, tertium, quartum facito; quot genera voles, tot indito", + "en": "In the same way you may graft a second, a third, a fourth shoot, as many varieties as you please." + }, + { + "id": 8936, + "la": "Salicem Graecam amplius circumligato, luto depsto stirpem oblinito digitos crassum tres", + "en": "Wrap the Greek willow thicker, smear the stock with the kneaded mixture three fingers deep," + }, + { + "id": 8937, + "la": "Insuper lingua bubula obtegito, si pluat, ne aqua in librum permanet", + "en": "and cover the whole with ox-tongue,1 so that if it rains the water will not soak into the bark;" + }, + { + "id": 8938, + "la": "Eam linguam insuper libro alligato, ne cadat", + "en": "this ox-tongue must be tied with bark to keep it from falling off." + }, + { + "id": 8939, + "la": "Postea stramentis circumdato alligatoque, ne gelus noceat", + "en": "Finally, wrap it in straw and bind tightly, to keep the cold from injuring it." + }, + { + "id": 8940, + "la": "XLI Vitis insitio una est per ver, altera est cum uva floret, ea optuma est", + "en": "XLI. Vine grafting may be done in the spring or when the vine flowers, the former time being best." + }, + { + "id": 8941, + "la": "Pirorum ac malorum insitio per ver et per solstitium dies L et per vindemiam", + "en": "Pears and apples may be grafted during the spring, for fifty days at the time of the summer solstice, and during the vintage;" + }, + { + "id": 8942, + "la": "Oleae et ficorum insitio est per ver Vitem sic inserito: praecidito quam inseres, eam mediam diffindito per medullam; eo surculos praeacutos artito; quos inseres, medullam cum medulla conponito", + "en": "olives and figs should be grafted during the spring. Graft the vine as follows: Cut off the stem you are grafting, and split the middle through the pith; in it insert the sharpened shoots you are grafting, fitting pith to pith." + }, + { + "id": 8943, + "la": "Altera insitio est: si vitis vitem continget, utriusque vitem teneram praeacuito, obliquo inter sese medullam cum medulla libro conligato", + "en": "A second method is: If the vines touch each other, cut the ends of a young shoot of each obliquely, and tie pith to pith with bark." + }, + { + "id": 8944, + "la": "Tertia insitio est: terebra vitem quam inseres pertundito, eo duos surculos vitigineos, quod genus esse voles, insectos obliquos artito ad medullam; facito iis medullam cum medulla coniungas artitoque ea qua terebraveris alterum ex altera parte", + "en": "A third method is: With an awl bore a hole through the vine which you are grafting, and fit tightly to the pith two vine shoots of whatever variety you wish, cut obliquely. Join pith to pith, and fit them into the perforation, one on each side.1" + }, + { + "id": 8945, + "la": "Eos surculos facito sint longi pedes binos, eos in terram demittito replicatoque ad vitis caput, medias vitis vinclis in terram defigito terraque operito", + "en": "Have these shoots each two feet long; drop them to the ground and bend them back toward the vine stock, fastening the middle of the vine to the ground with forked sticks and covering with dirt." + }, + { + "id": 8946, + "la": "Haec omnia luto depsto oblinito, alligato integitoque ad eundem modum, tamquam oleas", + "en": "Smear all these with the kneaded mixture, tie them up and protect them in the way I have described for olives." + }, + { + "id": 8947, + "la": "XLII Ficos et oleas altero modo", + "en": "XLII. Another method of grafting figs and olives is:" + }, + { + "id": 8948, + "la": "Quod genus aut ficum aut oleam esse voles, inde librum scalpro eximito, alterum librum cum gemma de eo fico, quod genus esse voles, eximito, adponito in eum locum unde exicaveris in alterum genus facitoque uti conveniat", + "en": "Remove with a knife the bark from any variety of fig or olive you wish, and take off a piece of bark containing a bud of any variety of fig you wish to graft. Apply it to the place you have cleared on the other variety, and make it fit." + }, + { + "id": 8949, + "la": "Librum longum facito digitos III S, latum digitos III", + "en": "The bark should be three and a half fingers long and three fingers wide." + }, + { + "id": 8950, + "la": "Ad eundem modum oblinito, integito, uti cetera", + "en": "Smear and protect as in the other operation." + }, + { + "id": 8951, + "la": "XLIII Sulcos, si locus aquosus erit, alveatos esse oportet, latos summos pedes tres, altos pedes quattuor, infimum latum P I et palmum", + "en": "XLIII. Ditches, if the ground is swampy, should be dug trough-shaped, three feet wide at the top, four feet deep, sloping to a width of one foot one palm at the bottom." + }, + { + "id": 8952, + "la": "Eos lapide consternito; si lapis non erit, perticis saligneis viridibus controversus conlatis consternito; si pertica non erit, sarmentis conligatis", + "en": "Blind them with stones, or, lacking stones, with green willow sticks laid crosswise in layers; or, failing this, with bundles of brush." + }, + { + "id": 8953, + "la": "Postea scrobes facito altos P III S, latos P IIII, et facito de scrobe aqua in sulcum defluat: ita oleas serito", + "en": "Then dig trenches three and a half feet deep, four feet wide, so placed that the water will run off from the trenches into the ditch; and so plant olives." + }, + { + "id": 8954, + "la": "Vitibus sulcos et propagines ne minus P II S quoquo versus facito", + "en": "Dig furrows and trenches for vines1 not less than two and a half feet deep and the same distance wide." + }, + { + "id": 8955, + "la": "Si voles vinea cito crescat et olea, quam severis, semel in mense sulcos et circum capita oleaginea quot mensibus, usque donec trimae erunt, fodere oportet", + "en": "If you wish the vines and olives which you have planted to grow fast, spade the furrows once a month, and dig around the foot of the olives every month until they are three years old." + }, + { + "id": 8956, + "la": "Eodem modo ceteras arbores procurato", + "en": "Treat other trees in the same way." + }, + { + "id": 8957, + "la": "XLIV Olivetum diebus XV ante aequinoctium vernum incipito putare", + "en": "XLIV. The trimming of the olive-yard should begin fifteen days before the vernal equinox;" + }, + { + "id": 8958, + "la": "Ex eo die dies XLV recte putabis", + "en": "you can trim to advantage from this time for forty-five days." + }, + { + "id": 8959, + "la": "Id hoc modo putato", + "en": "Follow this rule:" + }, + { + "id": 8960, + "la": "Qua locus recte ferax erit, quae arida erunt, et siquid ventus interfregerit, ea omnia eximito", + "en": "If the land is very fertile, clear out all dead branches only and any broken by the wind;" + }, + { + "id": 8961, + "la": "Qua locus ferax non erit, id plus concidito aratoque", + "en": "if it is not fertile, trim more closely and plough." + }, + { + "id": 8962, + "la": "Bene enodato stirpesque levis facito", + "en": "Trim clean, and smooth the stems." + }, + { + "id": 8963, + "la": "XLV Taleas oleagineas, quas in scrobe saturus eris tripedaneas decidito diligenterque tractato, ne liber laboret, cum dolabis aut secabis", + "en": "XLV. Cut olive slips2 for planting in trenches three feet long, and when you chop or cut them off, handle them carefully so as not to bruise the bark." + }, + { + "id": 8964, + "la": "Quas in seminario saturus eris, pedalis facito, eas sic inserito", + "en": "Those which you intend to plant in the nursery should be cut one foot long, and planted in the following way:" + }, + { + "id": 8965, + "la": "Locus bipalio subactus siet beneque terra tenera siet bene que glittus siet", + "en": "The bed should be turned with the trenching spade until the soil is finely divided and soft." + }, + { + "id": 8966, + "la": "Cum taleam demittes, pede taleam opprimito", + "en": "When you set the slip, press it in the ground with the foot;" + }, + { + "id": 8967, + "la": "Si parum descendet, malleo aut mateola adigito cavetoque ne librum scindas, cum adiges", + "en": "and if it does not go deep enough, drive it in with a mallet or maul, but be careful not to break the bark in so doing." + }, + { + "id": 8968, + "la": "Palo prius locum ne feceris, quo taleam demittas", + "en": "Do not first make a hole with a stick, in which to set out the slip." + }, + { + "id": 8969, + "la": "Si ita severis uti stet talea, melius vivet", + "en": "It will thrive better if you plant it so that it stands as it did on the tree.3" + }, + { + "id": 8970, + "la": "Taleae ubi trimae sunt, tum denique maturae sunt, ubi liber sese vertet", + "en": "The slips are ready for transplanting at three years, when the bark turns." + }, + { + "id": 8971, + "la": "Si in scrobibus aut in sulcis seres, ternas taleas ponito easque divaricato, supra terram ne plus IIII digitos transvorsos emineant; vel oculos serito", + "en": "If you plant in trenches or furrows, plant in groups of three, and spread them apart. Do not let them project more than four finger-widths above the ground; or you may plant the eyes." + }, + { + "id": 8972, + "la": "XLVI Seminarium ad hunc modum facito", + "en": "XLVI. Make a nursery as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 8973, + "la": "Locum quam optimum et apertissimum et stercorosissimum poteris et quam simillimum genus terrae eae, ubi semina positurus eris, et uti ne nimis longe semina ex seminario ferantur, eum locum bipalio vertito, delapidato circumque saepito bene et in ordine serito", + "en": "Choose the best, the most open, and the most highly fertilized land you have, with soil as nearly as possible like that into which you intend to transplant, and so situated that the slips will not have to be carried too far from the nursery. Turn this with a trench spade, clear of stones, build a stout enclosure, and plant in rows." + }, + { + "id": 8974, + "la": "In sesquipedem quoquo vorsum taleam demittito opprimitoque pede", + "en": "Plant a slip every foot and a half in each direction, pressing into the ground with the foot;" + }, + { + "id": 8975, + "la": "Si parum deprimere poteris, malleo aut mateola adigito", + "en": "and if it does not go deep enough, drive it in with a mallet or maul." + }, + { + "id": 8976, + "la": "Digitum supra terram facito semina emineant fimoque bubulo summam taleam oblinito signumque aput taleam adponito crebroque sarito, si voles cito semina crescant", + "en": "Let the slips project a finger above the ground, and smear the tops with cow dung, placing a mark by each; hoe often if you wish the slips to grow rapidly." + }, + { + "id": 8977, + "la": "Ad eundem modum alia semina serito", + "en": "Plant other slips in the same way." + }, + { + "id": 8978, + "la": "XLVII Harundinem sic serito: ternos pedes oculos disponito", + "en": "XLVII. The reed bed should be planted as follows: Plant the eyes three feet apart." + }, + { + "id": 8979, + "la": "Vitiarium eodem modo facito seritoque", + "en": "Use the same method for making and planting the vine nursery." + }, + { + "id": 8980, + "la": "Ubi vitis bima erit, resicato; ubi trima erit, eximito", + "en": "Cut back the vine when it is two years old and transplant when it is three." + }, + { + "id": 8981, + "la": "Si pecus pascetur, ubi vitem serere voles, ter prius resicato, quam ad arborem ponas", + "en": "If the ground on which you wish to plant the vine is to be used for pasture, see that the vine has been cut back three times before it is tied up to the tree;" + }, + { + "id": 8982, + "la": "Ubi V nodos veteres habebit, tum ad arborem ponito", + "en": "it should not be trained on the tree until it has five old knots." + }, + { + "id": 8983, + "la": "Quotannis porrinam serito, quotannis habebis quod eximas", + "en": "Plant a leek-bed every year, and you will have something to take off every year." + }, + { + "id": 8984, + "la": "XLVIII Pomarium seminarium ad eundem modum atque oleagineum facito", + "en": "XLVIII. In making the fruit nursery follow the method used in making the olive nursery." + }, + { + "id": 8985, + "la": "Suum quidquid genus talearum serito", + "en": "Plant separately each variety of slip." + }, + { + "id": 8986, + "la": "Semen cupressi ubi seres, bipalio vertito", + "en": "Turn the ground with a trench spade where you are going to plant cypress seed," + }, + { + "id": 8987, + "la": "Vere primo serito", + "en": "and plant at the opening of spring." + }, + { + "id": 8988, + "la": "Porcas pedes quinos latas facito, eo stercus minutum addito, consarito glebasque conminuito", + "en": "Make ridges1 five feet wide, add well-pulverized manure, hoe it in, and break the clods." + }, + { + "id": 8989, + "la": "Porcam planam facito, paulum concavam", + "en": "Flatten the ridge, forming a shallow trough." + }, + { + "id": 8990, + "la": "Tum semen serito crebrum tamquam linum, eo terram cribro incernito altam digitum transversum", + "en": "Plant the seed as thickly as flax, sifting dirt a fingerbreadth deep over it with a sieve." + }, + { + "id": 8991, + "la": "Eam terram tabula aut pedibus conplanato, furcas circum offigito, eo perticas intendito, eo sarmenta aut cratis ficarias inponito, quae frigus defendant et solem", + "en": "Level the ground with a board or the foot, and set forked stakes around the edges. Lay poles in the forks, and on these hang brush or fig-curtains,1 to keep off cold and sun." + }, + { + "id": 8992, + "la": "Uti subtus homo ambulare possit facito", + "en": "Make the covering high enough for a person to walk under." + }, + { + "id": 8993, + "la": "Crebro runcato Simul herbae inceperint nasci, eximito", + "en": "Hoe often, and clear off the weeds as soon as they begin to grow;" + }, + { + "id": 8994, + "la": "Nam si herbam duram velles, cupressos simul evelles", + "en": "for if you pull up the growth when it is hard, you will pull up the cypress with it." + }, + { + "id": 8995, + "la": "Ad eundem modum semen pirorum, malorum serito tegitoque", + "en": "Plant and cover pear and apple seed in the same way." + }, + { + "id": 8996, + "la": "Nuces pineas ad eundem modum nisi tamquam alium serito", + "en": "Use the same method for planting pine-nuts, but alter it slightly." + }, + { + "id": 8997, + "la": "XLIX Vineam veterem si in alium locum transferre voles, dumtaxat brachium crassam licebit", + "en": "XLIX. You may transplant an old vine if you wish, up to the thickness of your arm.2" + }, + { + "id": 8998, + "la": "Primum deputato, binas gemmas ne amplius relinquito", + "en": "First prune back so as to leave not more than two buds on each branch;" + }, + { + "id": 8999, + "la": "Ex radicibus bene exfodito, usque radices persequito et caveto ne radices saucies", + "en": "clear the dirt thoroughly from the roots over their full length, and be careful not to injure them." + }, + { + "id": 9000, + "la": "Ita uti fuerit, ponito in scrobe aut in sulco operitoque et bene occulcato, eodemque modo vineam statuito, alligato flexatoque, uti fuerit, crebroque fodito", + "en": "Replace the vine just as it was, in a trench or furrow, cover with soil, and trample firmly. Plant, tie, and train it just as it was, and work it often." + }, + { + "id": 9001, + "la": "L Prata primo vere stercerato luna silenti", + "en": "L. Manure meadows at the opening of spring, in the dark of the moon." + }, + { + "id": 9002, + "la": "Quae inrigiva non erunt, ubi favonius flare coeperit, cum prata defendes, depurgato herbasque malas omnis radicitus effodito", + "en": "When the west wind begins to blow and you close the dry meadows to stock, clean them and dig up all noxious weeds by the roots." + }, + { + "id": 9003, + "la": "Ubi vineam deputaveris, acervum lignorum virgarumque facito", + "en": "After pruning vines, pile the wood and branches;" + }, + { + "id": 9004, + "la": "Ficos interputato et in vinea ficos subradito alte, ne eas vitis scandat", + "en": "prune fig trees moderately, and clear those in the vineyard to a good height, so that the vines will not climb them;" + }, + { + "id": 9005, + "la": "Seminaria facito et vetera resarcito", + "en": "make new nurseries and repair old ones." + }, + { + "id": 9006, + "la": "Haec facito, antequam vineam fodere incipias", + "en": "All this before you begin cultivating the vines." + }, + { + "id": 9007, + "la": "Ubi daps profanata comestaque erit, verno arare incipito", + "en": "As soon as the sacred feast has been offered and eaten,3 begin the spring ploughing," + }, + { + "id": 9008, + "la": "Ea loca primum arato, quae siccissima erunt, et quae crassissima et aquosissima erunt, ea postremum arato, dum ne prius obdurescant", + "en": "working first the driest spots and last the heaviest and wettest, provided they do not get hard in the meantime." + }, + { + "id": 9009, + "la": "LI Propagatio pomorum, aliarum arborum", + "en": "LI. Layering of fruit trees and other trees:" + }, + { + "id": 9010, + "la": "Ab arbore abs terra pulli qui nascentur, eos in terram deprimito extollitoque primorem partem, uti radicem capiat; inde biennio post effodito seritoque", + "en": "Press into the earth the scions which spring from the ground around the trees, elevating the tip so that it will take root.1 Then two years later dig up and transplant them." + }, + { + "id": 9011, + "la": "Ficum, oleam, malum Punicum, cotoneum aliaque mala omnia, laurum, murtum, nuces Praenestinas, platanum, haec omnia a capite propagari eximique serique eodem modo oportet", + "en": "Fig, olive, pomegranate, quince, and all other fruit trees, laurel, myrtle, Praenestine nuts, and planes should all be layered, dug, and transplanted in the same way." + }, + { + "id": 9012, + "la": "LII Quae diligentius propagari voles, in aullas aut in qualos pertusos propagari oportet et cum iis in scrobem deferri oportet", + "en": "LII. When you wish to layer more carefully you should use pots or baskets with holes in them, and these should be planted with the scion in the trench." + }, + { + "id": 9013, + "la": "In arboribus, uti radices capiant, calicem pertundito; per fundum aut qualum ramum, quem radicem capere voles, traicito; eum qualum aut calicem terra inpleto calcatoque bene, in arbore relinquito", + "en": "To make them take root while on the tree, make a hole in the bottom of the pot or basket and push the branch which you wish to root through it. Fill the pot or basket with dirt, trample thoroughly, and leave on the tree." + }, + { + "id": 9014, + "la": "Ubi bimum fuerit, ramum sub qualo praecidito", + "en": "When it is two years old, cut off the branch below the basket;" + }, + { + "id": 9015, + "la": "Qualum incidito ex ima parte perpetuum, sive calix erit, conquassato", + "en": "cut the basket down the side and through the bottom, or, if it is a pot, break it," + }, + { + "id": 9016, + "la": "Cum eo qualo aut calice in scrobem ponito", + "en": "and plant the branch in the trench with the basket or pot." + }, + { + "id": 9017, + "la": "Eodem modo vitem facito, eam anno post praecidito seritoque cum qualo", + "en": "Use the same method with a vine, cutting it off the next year and planting it with the basket." + }, + { + "id": 9018, + "la": "LIII Faenum, ubi tempus erit, secato cavetoque ne sero seces", + "en": "LIII. Cut hay in season, and be careful not to wait too long." + }, + { + "id": 9019, + "la": "Priusquam semen maturum siet, secato, et quod optimum faenum erit, seorsum condito, per ver cum arabunt, antequam ocinum des, quod edint boves", + "en": "Harvest before the seed ripens, and store the best hay by itself for the oxen to eat during the spring ploughing, before you feed clover." + }, + { + "id": 9020, + "la": "LIV Bubus pabulum hoc modo parari darique oportet", + "en": "LIV. Feed for cattle should be prepared and fed as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 9021, + "la": "Ubi sementim patraveris, glandem parari legique oportet et in aquam conici", + "en": "When the sowing is over, gather the acorns and soak them in water." + }, + { + "id": 9022, + "la": "Inde semodios singulis bubus in dies dari oportet, et si non laborabunt, pascantur satius erit, aut modium vinaceorum, quos in dolium condideris", + "en": "A half-modius of this should be fed each ox per day, though if the oxen are not working it will be better to let them forage; or feed a modius of the grape husks which you have stored in jars." + }, + { + "id": 9023, + "la": "Interdiu pascito, noctu faeni P XXV uni bovi dato", + "en": "During the day let them forage, and at night feed 25 pounds of hay a head;" + }, + { + "id": 9024, + "la": "Si faenum non erit, frondem iligneam et hederaciam dato", + "en": "if you have no hay, feed ilex and ivy leaves." + }, + { + "id": 9025, + "la": "Paleas triticeas et hordeaceas, acus fabaginum, de vicia vel de lupino, item de ceteris frugibus, omnia condito", + "en": "Store wheat and barley straw, husks of beans, of vetch, of lupines, and of all other crops." + }, + { + "id": 9026, + "la": "Cum stramenta condes, quae herbosissima erunt, in tecto condito et sale spargito, deinde ea pro faeno dato", + "en": "In storing litter, bring under cover that which has most leaves, sprinkle it with salt, and feed it instead of hay." + }, + { + "id": 9027, + "la": "Ubi verno dare coeperis, modium glandis aut vinaceorum dato aut modium lupini macerati et faeni P XV Ubi ocinum tempestivum erit, dato primum", + "en": "When you begin feeding in spring, feed a modius of mast, or grape husks, or soaked lupine, and 15 pounds of hay. When clover is in season feed it first;" + }, + { + "id": 9028, + "la": "Manibus carpito, id renascetur: quod falcula secueris, non renascetur", + "en": "pull it by hand and it will grow again, for if you cut it with the hook it will not." + }, + { + "id": 9029, + "la": "Usque ocinum dato, donec arescat: ita temperato", + "en": "Continue to feed clover until it dries out, after which feed it in limited quantities;" + }, + { + "id": 9030, + "la": "Postea viciam dato, postea panicum dato, secundum panicum frondem ulmeam dato", + "en": "then feed vetch, then panic grass, and after this elm leaves." + }, + { + "id": 9031, + "la": "Si populneam habebis, admisceto, ut ulmeae satis siet", + "en": "If you have poplar leaves, mix them with the elm to make the latter hold out;" + }, + { + "id": 9032, + "la": "Ubi ulmeam non habebis, querneam et ficulneam dato", + "en": "and failing elm, feed oak and fig leaves." + }, + { + "id": 9033, + "la": "Nihil est quod magis expediat, quam boves bene curare", + "en": "There is nothing more profitable than to take good care of cattle." + }, + { + "id": 9034, + "la": "Boves nisi per hiemem, cum non arabunt, pasci non oportet", + "en": "They should not be pastured except in winter, when they are not ploughing; ." + }, + { + "id": 9035, + "la": "Nam viride cum edunt, semper id expectant, et fiscellas habere oportet, ne herbam sectentur, cum arabunt", + "en": "for when they once eat green food they are always expecting it; and so they have to be muzzled to keep them from biting at the grass while ploughing" + }, + { + "id": 9036, + "la": "LV Ligna domino in tabulato condito, codicillos oleagineos, radices in acervo sub dio metas facito", + "en": "LV. Store firewood for the masters use on flooring, and cut olive sticks and roots and pile them out of doors." + }, + { + "id": 9037, + "la": "LVIII Pulmentarium familiae", + "en": "LVIII. Relish for the hands:" + }, + { + "id": 9038, + "la": "Oleae caducae quam plurimum condito", + "en": "Store all the windfall olives you can," + }, + { + "id": 9039, + "la": "Postea oleas tempestivas, unde minimum olei fieri poterit, eas condito, parcito, uti quam diutissime durent", + "en": "and later the mature olives which will yield very little oil. Issue them sparingly and make them last as long as possible." + }, + { + "id": 9040, + "la": "Ubi oleae comesae erunt, hallecem et acetum dato", + "en": "When they are used up, issue fish-pickle and vinegar," + }, + { + "id": 9041, + "la": "Oleum dato in menses uni cuique S I Salis uni cuique in anno modium satis est", + "en": "and a pint of oil a month per person. A modius of salt a year per person is sufficient." + }, + { + "id": 9042, + "la": "LIX Vestimenta familiae", + "en": "LIX. Clothing allowance for the hands:" + }, + { + "id": 9043, + "la": "Tunicam P III S, saga alternis annis", + "en": "A tunic 3 1/2 feet long and a blanket every other year." + }, + { + "id": 9044, + "la": "Quotiens cuique tunicam aut sagum dabis, prius veterem accipito, unde centones fiant", + "en": "When you issue the tunic or the blanket, first take up the old one and have patchwork made of it." + }, + { + "id": 9045, + "la": "Sculponias bonas alternis annis dare oportet", + "en": "A stout pair of wooden shoes should be issued every other year." + }, + { + "id": 9046, + "la": "LXI Quid est agrum bene colere? bene arare", + "en": "LXI. What is good cultivation? Good ploughing." + }, + { + "id": 9047, + "la": "Quid secundum? arare", + "en": "What next? Ploughing." + }, + { + "id": 9048, + "la": "Quid tertium? stercorare", + "en": "What third? Manuring." + }, + { + "id": 9049, + "la": "Qui oletum saepissime et altissime miscebit, is tenuissimas radices exarabit", + "en": "The planter who works his olives very often and very deep1 will plough up the very slender roots;" + }, + { + "id": 9050, + "la": "Si male arabit, radices susum abibunt, crassiores fient, et in radices vires oleae abibunt", + "en": "while bad ploughing will cause the roots to come to the surface and grow too large, and the strength of the tree will waste into the roots." + }, + { + "id": 9051, + "la": "Agrum frumentarium cum ares, bene et tempestivo ares, sulco vario ne ares", + "en": "When you plough grain land do it well and at the proper season, and do not plough with an irregular furrow." + }, + { + "id": 9052, + "la": "Cetera cultura est multum sarire et diligenter eximere semina et per tempus radices quam plurimas cum terra ferre; ubi radices bene operueris, calcare bene, ne aqua noceat", + "en": "The rest of the cultivation consists in hoeing often, taking up shoots carefully, and transplanting, at the proper time, as many roots as possible, with their soil. When you have covered the roots well, trample them firmly so that the water will not harm them." + }, + { + "id": 9053, + "la": "Siquis quaeret, quod tempus oleae serendae siet, agro sicco per sementim, agro laeto per ver", + "en": "If one should ask what is the proper time for planting olives, I should say, at seed-time in dry ground, and in spring in rich ground." + }, + { + "id": 9054, + "la": "LXII Quot iuga boverum, mulorum, asinorum habebis, totidem plostra esse oportet", + "en": "LXII. You should have as many carts as you have teams, either of oxen, mules, or donkeys." + }, + { + "id": 9055, + "la": "LXIV Olea ubi matura erit, quam primum cogi oportet, quam minimum in terra et in tabulato esse oportet", + "en": "LXIV. When the olives are ripe they should be gathered as soon as possible, and allowed to remain on the ground or the floor as short a time as possible," + }, + { + "id": 9056, + "la": "In terra et in tabulato putescit", + "en": "as they spoil on the ground or the floor.2" + }, + { + "id": 9057, + "la": "Leguli volunt uti olea caduca quam plurima sit, quo plus legatur; factores, ut in tabulato diu sit, ut fracida sit, quo facilius efficiant", + "en": "The gatherers want to have as many windfalls as possible, that there may be more of them to gather; and the pressers want them to lie on the floor a long time, so that they will soften and be easier to mill." + }, + { + "id": 9058, + "la": "Nolito credere oleum in tabulato posse crescere", + "en": "Do not believe that the oil will be of greater quantity if they lie on the floor.3" + }, + { + "id": 9059, + "la": "Quam citissime conficies, tam maxime expediet, et totidem modiis collecta et plus olei efficiet et melius", + "en": "The more quickly you work them up the better the results will be, and you will get more and better oil from a given quantity." + }, + { + "id": 9060, + "la": "Olea quae diu fuerit in terra aut in tabulato, inde olei minus fiet et deterius", + "en": "Olives which have been long on the ground or the floor will yield less oil and of a poorer quality." + }, + { + "id": 9061, + "la": "Oleum, si poteris, bis in die depleto", + "en": "If possible, draw off the oil twice a day," + }, + { + "id": 9062, + "la": "Nam oleum quam diutissime in amurca et in fracibus erit, tam deterrimum erit", + "en": "for the longer it remains on the amurca1 and the dregs, the worse the quality will be." + }, + { + "id": 9063, + "la": "LXV Oleum viride sic facito", + "en": "LXV. Observe the following directions in making green oil:" + }, + { + "id": 9064, + "la": "Oleam quam primum ex terra tollito", + "en": "Pick the olives off the ground as soon as possible," + }, + { + "id": 9065, + "la": "Si inquinata erit, lavito, a foliis et stercore purgato", + "en": "and if they are dirty, wash them and clean off leaves and dung." + }, + { + "id": 9066, + "la": "Postridie aut post diem tertium, quam lecta erit, facito", + "en": "Mill them a day or two days after they have been gathered." + }, + { + "id": 9067, + "la": "Olea ubi nigra erit, stringito", + "en": "Pick olives after they have turned black;" + }, + { + "id": 9068, + "la": "Quam acerbissima olea oleum facies, tam oleum optimum erit", + "en": "the more acid the olives the better the oil will be," + }, + { + "id": 9069, + "la": "Domino de matura olea oleum fieri maxime expediet", + "en": "but the master will find it most profitable to make oil only from ripe olives." + }, + { + "id": 9070, + "la": "Si gelicidia erunt, cum oleam coges, triduum atque quatriduum post oleum facito", + "en": "If frost has fallen on the olives, mill them three or four days after gathering." + }, + { + "id": 9071, + "la": "Eam oleam, si voles, sale spargito Quam calidissimum torcularium et cellam habeto", + "en": "You may sprinkle such olives with salt, if you wish; and keep a high temperature in the pressing-room and the storeroom." + }, + { + "id": 9072, + "la": "LXVI Custodis et capulatoris officia", + "en": "LXVI. Duties of the watchman and the ladler:" + }, + { + "id": 9073, + "la": "Servet diligenter cellam et torcularium Caveat quam minimum in torcularium et in cellam introeatur", + "en": "The watchman must keep a close watch on the storeroom and the pressing-room, and must see that there is as little passing in and out as possible." + }, + { + "id": 9074, + "la": "Quam mundissime purissimeque fiat", + "en": "He must see that the work is done as neatly and cleanly as possible," + }, + { + "id": 9075, + "la": "Vaso aheneo neque nucleis ad oleum ne utatur", + "en": "that copper vessels are not used, and that no seeds are crushed for oil;" + }, + { + "id": 9076, + "la": "Nam si utetur, oleum male sapiet", + "en": "otherwise it will have a bad flavour." + }, + { + "id": 9077, + "la": "Cortinam plumbeam in lacum ponito, quo oleum fluat", + "en": "Place a lead cauldron in the basin into which the oil flows." + }, + { + "id": 9078, + "la": "Ubi factores vectibus prement, continuo capulator conca oleum, quam diligentissime poterit, tollat, ne cesset", + "en": "As soon as the workmen press down the levers, at once the ladler must take off the oil with a shell very carefully, and without stopping," + }, + { + "id": 9079, + "la": "Amurcam caveat ne tollat", + "en": "being careful not to take off the amurca." + }, + { + "id": 9080, + "la": "LXVII Item custodis officia", + "en": "LXVII. Further duties of the watchman:" + }, + { + "id": 9081, + "la": "Qui in torculario erunt vasa pura habeant curentque uti olea bene perficiatur beneque siccetur", + "en": "Those in the pressing-room must keep their vessels clean and see that the olives are thoroughly worked up and that they are well dried." + }, + { + "id": 9082, + "la": "Ligna in torculario ne caedant", + "en": "They must not cut wood in the pressing-room.1" + }, + { + "id": 9083, + "la": "Oleum frequenter capiant", + "en": "They must skim the oil frequently." + }, + { + "id": 9084, + "la": "Factoribus det in singulos factus olei sextarios et in lucernam quod opus siet", + "en": "He must give the workmen a sextarius of oil for each pressing, and what they need for the lamp." + }, + { + "id": 9085, + "la": "Fraces cotidie reiciat Amurcam conmutet usque adeo, donec in lacum qui in cella est postremum pervenerit", + "en": "He must throw out the lees every day and keep cleaning the amurca until the oil reaches the last vat in the room." + }, + { + "id": 9086, + "la": "Fiscinas spongia effingat Cotidie oleo locum conmutet, donec in dolium pervenerit", + "en": "He must wipe off the baskets with a sponge, and change the vessel daily until the oil reaches the jar." + }, + { + "id": 9087, + "la": "In torculario et in cella caveat diligenter nequid olei subripiatur", + "en": "He must be careful to see that no oil is pilfered from the pressing-room or the cellar." + }, + { + "id": 9088, + "la": "LXVIII Ubi vindemia et oletas facta erit, prela extollito; funes torculos, melipontos, subductarios in carnario aut in prelo suspendito; orbes, fibulas, vectes, scutulas, fiscinas, corbulas, quala, scalas, patibula, omnia quis usus erit, in suo quidque loco reponito", + "en": "LXVIII. When the vintage and the olive harvest are over, raise up the press beams, and hang up the mill ropes, cables, and cords on the meat-rack or the beam. Put the stones, pins, levers, rollers, baskets, hampers, grass baskets, ladders, props, and everything which will be needed again, each in its proper place." + }, + { + "id": 9089, + "la": "LXIX Dolia olearia nova sic inbuito", + "en": "LXIX. To steep new oil jars:" + }, + { + "id": 9090, + "la": "Amurca inpleto dies VII, facito ut amurcam cotidie suppleas", + "en": "Fill them with amurca, maintaining a constant level, for seven days;" + }, + { + "id": 9091, + "la": "Postea amurcam eximito et arfacito", + "en": "then pour off the amurca and let the jars dry." + }, + { + "id": 9092, + "la": "Ubi arebit, cummim pridie in aquam infundito, eam postridie diluito", + "en": "When the drying is finished soak gum in water a day ahead, and the next day dilute it." + }, + { + "id": 9093, + "la": "Postea dolium calfacito minus, quam si picare velis, tepeat satis est; lenibus lignis facito calescat", + "en": "Then heat the jar to a lower temperature than if you were to pitch it'it is sufficient for it to be warm, so heat it over a slow fire." + }, + { + "id": 9094, + "la": "Ubi temperate tepebit, tum cummim indito, postea linito", + "en": "When it is moderately warm, pour in the gum and rub it in." + }, + { + "id": 9095, + "la": "Si recte leveris, in dolium quinquagenarium cummim P IIII satis erit", + "en": "Four pounds of gum are enough for a jar holding 50 quadrantals,2 if you apply it properly." + }, + { + "id": 9096, + "la": "LXX Bubus medicamentum", + "en": "LXX. Remedy for oxen:" + }, + { + "id": 9097, + "la": "Si morbum metues, sanis dato salis micas tres, folia laurea III, porri fibras III, ulpici spicas III, alii spicas III, turis grana tria, herbae Sabinae plantas tres, rutae folia tria, vitis albae caules III, fabulos albos III, carbones vivos III, vini S III", + "en": "If you have reason to fear sickness, give the oxen before they get sick the following remedy: 3 grains of salt, 3 laurel leaves, 3 leek leaves, 3 spikes of leek, 3 of garlic, 3 grains of incense, 3 plants of Sabine herb, 3 leaves of rue,. 3 stalks of bryony, 3 white beans, 3 live coals, and 3 pints of wine." + }, + { + "id": 9098, + "la": "Haec omnia sublimiter legi teri darique oportet", + "en": "You must gather, macerate, and administer all these while standing,1" + }, + { + "id": 9099, + "la": "Ieiunus siet qui dabit", + "en": "and he who administers the remedy must be fasting." + }, + { + "id": 9100, + "la": "Per triduum de ea potione uni cuique bovi dato", + "en": "Administer to each ox for three days," + }, + { + "id": 9101, + "la": "Ita dividito, cum ter uni cuique dederis, omnem absumas, bosque ipsus et qui dabit facito ut uterque sublimiter stent Vaso ligneo dato", + "en": "and divide it in such a way that when you have administered three doses to each you will have used it all. See that the ox and the one who administers are both standing, and use a wooden vessel." + }, + { + "id": 9102, + "la": "LXXI Bos si aegrotare coeperit, dato continuo ei unum ovum gallinaceum crudum; integrum facito devoret", + "en": "LXXI. If an ox begins to sicken, administer at once one hens egg raw, and make him swallow it whole." + }, + { + "id": 9103, + "la": "Postridie caput ulpici conterito cum hemina vini facitoque ebibat", + "en": "The next day macerate a head of leek with a hemina of wine, and make him drink it all." + }, + { + "id": 9104, + "la": "LXXII Boves ne pedes subterant, priusquam in viam quoquam ages, pice liquida cornua infima unguito", + "en": "LXXII. To keep oxen from wearing down their feet, smear the bottom of their hoofs with melted pitch before you drive them anywhere on a road." + }, + { + "id": 9105, + "la": "LXXIII Ubi uvae variae coeperint fieri, bubus medicamentum dato quotannis, uti valeant", + "en": "LXXIII. Give the cattle medicine every year when the grapes begin to change colour, to keep them well." + }, + { + "id": 9106, + "la": "Pellem anguinam ubi videris, tollito et condito, ne quaeras cum opus siet", + "en": "When you see a snake skin, pick it up and put it away, so that you will not have to hunt for one when you need it." + }, + { + "id": 9107, + "la": "Eam pellem et far et salem et serpullum, haec omnia una conterito cum vino, dato bubus bibant omnibus", + "en": "Macerate this skin, spelt, salt, and thyme with wine, and give it to all the cattle to drink." + }, + { + "id": 9108, + "la": "Per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato; ut valeant refert", + "en": "See that the cattle always have good, clear water to drink in summer-time; it is important for their health." + }, + { + "id": 9109, + "la": "LXXIV Panem depsticium sic facito", + "en": "LXXIV. Recipe for kneaded bread:" + }, + { + "id": 9110, + "la": "Manus mortariumque bene lavato", + "en": "Wash your hands and a bowl thoroughly." + }, + { + "id": 9111, + "la": "Farinam in mortarium indito, aquae paulatim addito subigitoque pulchre", + "en": "Pour meal into the bowl, add water gradually, and knead thoroughly." + }, + { + "id": 9112, + "la": "Ubi bene subegeris, defingito coquitoque sub testu", + "en": "When it is well kneaded, roll out and bake under a crock." + }, + { + "id": 9113, + "la": "LXXV Libum hoc modo facito", + "en": "LXXV. Recipe for libum:" + }, + { + "id": 9114, + "la": "Casei P II bene disterat in mortario", + "en": "Bray 2 pounds of cheese thoroughly in a mortar;" + }, + { + "id": 9115, + "la": "Ubi bene distriverit, farinae siligineae libram aut, si voles tenerius esse, selibram similaginis eodem indito permiscetoque cum caseo bene", + "en": "when it is thoroughly macerated, add 1 pound of wheat flour, or, if you wish the cake to be more dainty, 1/2 pound of fine flour, and mix thoroughly with the cheese." + }, + { + "id": 9116, + "la": "Ovum unum addito et una permisceto bene", + "en": "Add 1 egg, and work the whole well." + }, + { + "id": 9117, + "la": "Inde panem facito, folia subdito, in foco caldo sub testu coquito leniter", + "en": "Pat out a loaf, place on leaves, and bake slowly on a warm hearth under a crock." + }, + { + "id": 9118, + "la": "LXXVI Placentam sic facito", + "en": "LXXVI. Recipe for placenta:" + }, + { + "id": 9119, + "la": "Farinae siligineae L II, unde solum facias, in tracta farinae L IIII et alicae primae L II Alicam in aquam infundito", + "en": "Materials, 2 pounds of wheat flour for the crust, 4 pounds of flour and 2 pounds of prime groats for the tracta.2 Soak the groats in water," + }, + { + "id": 9120, + "la": "Ubi bene mollis erit, in mortarium purum indito siccatoque bene", + "en": "and when it becomes quite soft pour into a clean bowl, drain well," + }, + { + "id": 9121, + "la": "Deinde manibus depsito", + "en": "and knead with the hand;" + }, + { + "id": 9122, + "la": "Ubi bene subactum erit, farinae L IIII paulatim addito", + "en": "when it is thoroughly kneaded, work in the 4 pounds of flour gradually." + }, + { + "id": 9123, + "la": "Id utrumque tracta facito", + "en": "From this dough make the tracta," + }, + { + "id": 9124, + "la": "In qualo, ubi arescant, conponito", + "en": "and spread them out in a basket where they can dry;" + }, + { + "id": 9125, + "la": "Ubi arebunt, conponito puriter", + "en": "and when they are dry arrange them evenly." + }, + { + "id": 9126, + "la": "Cum facies singula tracta, ubi depsueris, panno oleo uncto tangito et circumtergeto unguitoque", + "en": "Treat each tractum as follows: After kneading, brush them with an oiled cloth, wipe them all over and coat with oil." + }, + { + "id": 9127, + "la": "Ubi tracta erunt, focum, ubi cocas, calfacito bene et testum", + "en": "When the tracta are moulded, heat thoroughly the hearth where you are to bake, and the crock." + }, + { + "id": 9128, + "la": "Postea farinae L II conspargito condepsitoque Inde facito solum tenue", + "en": "Then moisten the 2 pounds of flour, knead, and make of it a thin lower crust." + }, + { + "id": 9129, + "la": "Casei ovilli P XIIII ne acidum et bene recens in aquam indito", + "en": "Soak 14 pounds of sheeps cheese (sweet and quite fresh) in water" + }, + { + "id": 9130, + "la": "Ibi macerato, aquam ter mutato", + "en": "and macerate, changing the water three times." + }, + { + "id": 9131, + "la": "Inde eximito siccatoque bene paulatim manibus, siccum bene in mortarium inponito", + "en": "Take out a small quantity at a time, squeeze out the water thoroughly with the hands, and when it is quite dry place it in a bowl." + }, + { + "id": 9132, + "la": "Ubi omne caseum bene siccaveris, in mortarium purum manibus condepsito conminuitoque quam maxime", + "en": "When you have dried out the cheese completely, knead it in a clean bowl by hand, and make it as smooth as possible." + }, + { + "id": 9133, + "la": "Deinde cribrum farinarium purum sumito caseumque per cribrum facito transeat in mortarium", + "en": "Then take a clean flour sifter and force the cheese through it into the bowl." + }, + { + "id": 9134, + "la": "Postea indito mellis boni P IIII S Id una bene conmisceto cum caseo", + "en": "Add 4 1/2 pounds of fine honey, and mix it thoroughly with the cheese." + }, + { + "id": 9135, + "la": "Postea in tabula pura, quae pateat P I, ibi balteum ponito, folia laurea uncta supponito, placentam fingito", + "en": "Spread the crust1 on a clean board, one foot wide, on oiled bay leaves, and form the placenta as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 9136, + "la": "Tracta singula in totum solum primum ponito, deinde de mortario tracta linito, tracta addito singulatim, item linito usque adeo, donec omne caseum cum melle abusus eris", + "en": "Place a first layer of separate tracta over the whole crust,1 cover it with the mixture from the bowl, add the tracta one by one, covering each layer until you have used up all the cheese and honey." + }, + { + "id": 9137, + "la": "In summum tracta singula indito, postea solum contrahito ornatoque focum de ve primo temperatoque, tunc placentam inponito, testo caldo operito, pruna insuper et circum operito", + "en": "On the top place single tracta, and then fold over the crust1 and prepare the hearth . . . then place the placenta, cover with a hot crock, and heap coals on top and around." + }, + { + "id": 9138, + "la": "Videto ut bene et otiose percoquas Aperito, dum inspicias, bis aut ter", + "en": "See that it bakes thoroughly and slowly, uncovering two or three times to examine it." + }, + { + "id": 9139, + "la": "Ubi cocta erit, eximito et melle unguito", + "en": "When it is done, remove and spread with honey." + }, + { + "id": 9140, + "la": "Haec erit placenta semodialis", + "en": "This will make a half-modius cake." + }, + { + "id": 9141, + "la": "LXXVII Spiram sic facito", + "en": "LXXVII. Recipe for spira:" + }, + { + "id": 9142, + "la": "Quantum voles pro ratione, ita uti placenta fit, eadem omnia facito, nisi alio modo fingito", + "en": "For the quantity desired do everything in proportion just as for the placenta, except that you shape it differently." + }, + { + "id": 9143, + "la": "In solo tracta cum melle oblinito bene", + "en": "Cover the tracta on the crust thickly with honey;" + }, + { + "id": 9144, + "la": "Inde tamquam restim tractes facito, ita inponito in solo, simplicibus conpleto bene arte", + "en": "then draw out like a rope and so place it on the crust, filling in closely with plain tracta." + }, + { + "id": 9145, + "la": "Cetera omnia, quasi placentam facias, facito coquitoque", + "en": "Do everything else as in the case of the placenta, and so bake." + }, + { + "id": 9146, + "la": "LXXVIII Scriblitam sic facito", + "en": "LXXVIII. Recipe for scriblita:" + }, + { + "id": 9147, + "la": "In balteo tractis caseo ad eundem modum facito, uti placentam, sine melle", + "en": "Follow the same directions with respect to crust, tracta, and cheese, as for the placenta, but without honey." + }, + { + "id": 9148, + "la": "LXXIX Globos sic facito", + "en": "LXXIX. Recipe for globi:" + }, + { + "id": 9149, + "la": "Caseum cum alica ad eundem modum misceto", + "en": "Mix the cheese and spelt in the same way," + }, + { + "id": 9150, + "la": "Inde quantos voles facere facito", + "en": "sufficient to make the number desired." + }, + { + "id": 9151, + "la": "In ahenum caldum unguen indito", + "en": "Pour lard into a hot copper vessel," + }, + { + "id": 9152, + "la": "Singulos aut binos coquito versatoque crebro duabus rudibus, coctos eximito, eos melle unguito, papaver infriato, ita ponito", + "en": "and fry one or two at a time, turning them frequently with two rods, and remove when done. Spread with honey, sprinkle with poppy-seed, and serve." + }, + { + "id": 9153, + "la": "LXXX Encytum ad eundem modum facito, uti globos, nisi calicem pertusum cavum habeat", + "en": "LXXX. Make the encytum1 the same way as the globus, except that you use a vessel with a hole in the bottom;" + }, + { + "id": 9154, + "la": "Ita in unguen caldum fundito", + "en": "press it through this hole into boiling lard," + }, + { + "id": 9155, + "la": "Honestum quasi spiram facito idque duabus rudibus vorsato praestatoque", + "en": "and shape it like the spira, coiling and keeping it in place with two rods." + }, + { + "id": 9156, + "la": "Item unguito coloratoque caldum ne nimium", + "en": "Spread with honey and glaze while moderately warm." + }, + { + "id": 9157, + "la": "Id cum melle aut cum mulso adponito", + "en": "Serve with honey or with mulsum." + }, + { + "id": 9158, + "la": "LXXXI Erneum sic facito tamquam placentam Eadem omnia indito, quae in placentam", + "en": "LXXXI. The erneum is made in the same way as the placenta, and has the same ingredients." + }, + { + "id": 9159, + "la": "Id permisceto in alveo, id indito in irneam fictilem, eam demittito in aulam aheneam aquae calidae plenam", + "en": "Mix it in a trough, pour into an earthenware jar, plunge into a copper pot full of hot water," + }, + { + "id": 9160, + "la": "Ita coquito ad ignem", + "en": "and boil over the fire." + }, + { + "id": 9161, + "la": "Ubi coctum erit, irneam confringito, ita ponito", + "en": "When it is done, break the jar and serve." + }, + { + "id": 9162, + "la": "LXXXII Spaeritam sic facito, ita uti spiram, nisi sic fingito", + "en": "LXXXII. The spaerita3 is made in the same way as the spira, except that you shape it as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 9163, + "la": "De tractis caseo melle spaeras pugnum altas facito", + "en": "Mould balls as large as the fist, of tracta, cheese, and honey;" + }, + { + "id": 9164, + "la": "Eas in solo conponito densas, eodem modo conponito atque spiram itemque coquito", + "en": "arrange them on the crust as closely as in the spira, and bake in the same way." + }, + { + "id": 9165, + "la": "LXXXV Pultem Punicam sic coquito", + "en": "LXXXV. Recipe for Punic porridge:" + }, + { + "id": 9166, + "la": "Libram alicae in aquam indito, facito uti bene madeat", + "en": "Soak a pound of groats in water until it is quite soft." + }, + { + "id": 9167, + "la": "Id infundito in alveum purum, eo casei recentis P III, mellis P S, ovum unum, omnia una permisceto bene", + "en": "Pour it into a clean bowl, add 3 pounds of fresh cheese, 1/2 pound of honey, and 1 egg, and mix the whole thoroughly;" + }, + { + "id": 9168, + "la": "Ita insipito in aulam novam", + "en": "turn into a new pot." + }, + { + "id": 9169, + "la": "LXXXVI Graneam triticeam sic facito", + "en": "LXXXVI. Recipe for wheat pap:" + }, + { + "id": 9170, + "la": "Selibram tritici puri in mortarium purum indat, lavet bene corticemque deterat bene eluatque bene", + "en": "Pour 1/2 pound of clean wheat into a clean bowl, wash well, remove the husk thoroughly, and clean well." + }, + { + "id": 9171, + "la": "Postea in aulam indat et aquam puram cocatque", + "en": "Pour into a pot with pure water and boil." + }, + { + "id": 9172, + "la": "Ubi coctum erit, lacte addat paulatim usque adeo, donec cremor crassus erit factus", + "en": "When done, add milk slowly until it makes a thick cream." + }, + { + "id": 9173, + "la": "LXXXVII Amulum sic facito", + "en": "LXXXVII. Recipe for starch:" + }, + { + "id": 9174, + "la": "Siliginem purgato bene, postea in alveum indat, eo addat aquam bis in die", + "en": "Clean hard wheat thoroughly, pour into a trough, and add water twice a day." + }, + { + "id": 9175, + "la": "Die decimo aquam exsiccato, exurgeto bene, in alveo puro misceto bene, facito tamquam faex fiat", + "en": "On the tenth day drain off the water, squeeze thoroughly, mix well in a clean tray until it is of the consistency of wine-dregs." + }, + { + "id": 9176, + "la": "Id in linteum novum indito, exprimito cremorem in patinam novam aut in mortarium", + "en": "Place some of this in a new linen bag and squeeze out the creamy substance into a new pan or bowl." + }, + { + "id": 9177, + "la": "Id omne ita facito et refricato denuo", + "en": "Treat the whole mass in the same way, and knead again." + }, + { + "id": 9178, + "la": "Eam patinam in sole ponito, arescat", + "en": "Place the pan in the sun and let it dry;" + }, + { + "id": 9179, + "la": "Ubi arebit, in aulam novam indito, inde facito cum lacte coquat", + "en": "then place in a new bowl and cook with milk." + }, + { + "id": 9180, + "la": "LXXXVIII Salem candidum sic facito", + "en": "LXXXVIII. Recipe for bleaching salt:" + }, + { + "id": 9181, + "la": "Amphoram defracto collo puram inpleto aquae purae, in sole ponito", + "en": "Break off the neck of a clean amphora, fill with clear water, and place in the sun." + }, + { + "id": 9182, + "la": "Ibi fiscellam cum sale populari suspendito et quassato suppletoque identidem", + "en": "Suspend in it a basket filled with common salt and shake and renew from time to time." + }, + { + "id": 9183, + "la": "Id aliquotiens in die cotidie facito, usque adeo donec sal desiverit tabescere biduum", + "en": "Do this daily several times a day until the salt ceases to dissolve for two days." + }, + { + "id": 9184, + "la": "Id signi erit: menam aridam vel ovum demittito; si natabit, ea muries erit, vel carnem vel caseos vel salsamenta quo condas", + "en": "You can find when it is saturated by this test: place a small dried fish or an egg in it, and if it floats you have a brine strong enough to pickle meat or cheese or salted fish." + }, + { + "id": 9185, + "la": "Eam muriam in labella vel in patinas in sole ponito", + "en": "Place this brine in flat vessels or in pans and expose it to the sun." + }, + { + "id": 9186, + "la": "Usque adeo in sole habeto, donec concreverit", + "en": "Keep it in the sun until it solidifies, and you will have a pure salt." + }, + { + "id": 9187, + "la": "Inde flos salis fiet Ubi nubilabitur et noctu sub tecto ponito; cotidie, cum sol erit, in sole ponito", + "en": "In cloudy weather or at night put it under cover, but expose it to the sun every day when there is sunshine." + }, + { + "id": 9188, + "la": "LXXXIX Gallinas et anseres sic farcito", + "en": "LXXXIX. To cram hens or geese:" + }, + { + "id": 9189, + "la": "Gallinas teneras, quae primum parient, concludat", + "en": "Shut up young hens which are beginning to lay;" + }, + { + "id": 9190, + "la": "Polline vel farina hordeacia consparsa turundas faciat, eas in aquam intinguat, in os indat, paulatim cotidie addat; ex gula consideret, quod satis sit", + "en": "make pellets of moist flour or barley-meal, soak in water, and push into the mouth. Increase the amount daily, judging from the appetite the amount that is sufficient." + }, + { + "id": 9191, + "la": "Bis in die farciat et meridie bibere dato; ne plus aqua sita siet horam unam", + "en": "Cram twice a day, and give water at noon, but do not place water before them for more than one hour." + }, + { + "id": 9192, + "la": "Eodem modo anserem alito, nisi prius dato bibere et bis in die, bis escam", + "en": "Feed a goose the same way, except that you let it drink first, and give water and food twice a day." + }, + { + "id": 9193, + "la": "XC Palumbum recentem sic farcito", + "en": "XC. To cram squabs:" + }, + { + "id": 9194, + "la": "Ubi prensus erit, ei fabam coctam tostam primum dato, ex ore in eius os inflato, item aquam", + "en": "After catching the squab feed it first boiled and toasted beans, blowing them from your mouth into its mouth, and water the same way;" + }, + { + "id": 9195, + "la": "Hoc dies VII facito", + "en": "do this for seven days." + }, + { + "id": 9196, + "la": "Postea fabam fresam puram et far purum facito et fabae tertia pars ut infervescat, tum far insipiat, puriter facito et coquito bene", + "en": "Then clean crushed beans and spelt; let one-third the quantity of beans come to a boil, then pour in the spelt, keeping it clean, and boil thoroughly." + }, + { + "id": 9197, + "la": "Id ubi excluseris, depsito bene, oleo manum unguito, primum pusillum, postea magis depses, oleo tangito depsitoque, dum poterit facere turundas", + "en": "When you have turned it out of the pot, knead it thoroughly, after greasing the hand with oil'a small quantity first, then more'greasing and kneading until you can make pellets." + }, + { + "id": 9198, + "la": "Ex aqua dato, escam temperato", + "en": "Feed the food in moderate quantities, after soaking it." + }, + { + "id": 9199, + "la": "XCI Aream sic facito", + "en": "XCI. To make a threshing-floor:" + }, + { + "id": 9200, + "la": "Locum ubi facies confodito Postea amurca conspargito bene sinitoque conbibat", + "en": "Turn the soil for the floor and pour amurca1 over it thickly, letting it soak in." + }, + { + "id": 9201, + "la": "Postea conminuito glebas bene", + "en": "Then break up the clods carefully," + }, + { + "id": 9202, + "la": "Deinde coaequato et paviculis verberato", + "en": "level the ground, and pack it with rammers;" + }, + { + "id": 9203, + "la": "Postea denuo amurca conspargito sinitoque arescat", + "en": "then cover again with amurca and let it dry." + }, + { + "id": 9204, + "la": "Si ita feceris, neque formicae nocebunt neque herbae nascentur", + "en": "If you build in this way the ants will not injure it, and weeds will not grow." + }, + { + "id": 9205, + "la": "XCII Frumento ne noceat curculio neu mures tangant", + "en": "XCII. To keep weevils and mice from injuring grain," + }, + { + "id": 9206, + "la": "Lutum de amurca facito, palearum paulum addito, sinito macerescant bene et subigito bene; eo granarium totum oblinito crasso luto", + "en": "make a slime of amurca with a little chaff added, leaving it quite thin and working thoroughly.2 Cover the whole granary with the thick slime," + }, + { + "id": 9207, + "la": "Postea conspargito amurca omne quod lutaveris", + "en": "and then add a coat of amurca over the whole." + }, + { + "id": 9208, + "la": "Ubi aruerit, eo frumentum refrigeratum condito; curculio non nocebit", + "en": "After it has dried, store cooled grain there, and the weevils will not injure it." + }, + { + "id": 9209, + "la": "XCIII Olea si fructum non feret, ablaqueato", + "en": "XCIII. If an olive tree is sterile," + }, + { + "id": 9210, + "la": "Postea stramenta circumponito", + "en": "trench it and wrap it with straw." + }, + { + "id": 9211, + "la": "Postea amurcam cum aqua conmisceto aequas partes", + "en": "Make a mixture of equal parts of amurca and water" + }, + { + "id": 9212, + "la": "Deinde ad oleam circumfundito", + "en": "and pour it around the tree;" + }, + { + "id": 9213, + "la": "Ad arborem maxumam urnam conmixti sat est; ad minores arbores pro ratione indito", + "en": "an urna3 is sufficient for a large tree, and a proportionate quantity for the smaller trees." + }, + { + "id": 9214, + "la": "Et idem hoc si facies ad arbores feraces, eae quoque meliores fient", + "en": "If you do the same thing for bearing trees they will be even more productive;" + }, + { + "id": 9215, + "la": "Ad eas stramenta ne addideris", + "en": "do not wrap these with straw." + }, + { + "id": 9216, + "la": "XCIV Fici uti grossos teneant, facito omnia quo modo oleae, et hoc amplius, cum ver adpetet, terram adaggerato bene", + "en": "XCIV. To make fig trees retain their fruit, do everything as for the olive, and in addition bank them deep in early spring." + }, + { + "id": 9217, + "la": "Si ita feceris, et grossi non cadent et fici scabrae non fient et multo feraciores erunt", + "en": "If you do this the fruit will not drop prematurely, the trees will not be scaly, and they will be much more productive." + }, + { + "id": 9218, + "la": "XCV Convolvolus in vinia ne siet", + "en": "XCV. To keep caterpillars off the vines:" + }, + { + "id": 9219, + "la": "Amurcam condito, puram bene facito, in vas aheneum indito congios II", + "en": "Strain stored amurca and pour 2 congii into a copper vessel;" + }, + { + "id": 9220, + "la": "Postea igni leni coquito, rudicula agitato crebro usque adeo, dum fiat tam crassum quam mel", + "en": "heat over a gentle fire, stirring constantly with a stick until it reaches the consistency of honey." + }, + { + "id": 9221, + "la": "Postea sumito bituminis tertiarium et sulpuris quartarium", + "en": "Take one-third sextarius of bitumen, and one-fourth sextarius of sulphur," + }, + { + "id": 9222, + "la": "Conterito in mortario seorsum utrumque", + "en": "pulverize each in a mortar separately," + }, + { + "id": 9223, + "la": "Postea infriato quam minutissime in amurcam caldam et simul rudicula misceto et denuo coquito sub dio caelo", + "en": "and add in very small quantities to the warm amurca, at the same time stirring with a stick, and let it boil again in the open;" + }, + { + "id": 9224, + "la": "Nam si in tecto coquas, cum bitumen et sulpur additum est, excandescet", + "en": "for if you boil it under cover it will blaze up when the mixture of bitumen and sulphur is added." + }, + { + "id": 9225, + "la": "Ubi erit tam crassum quam viscum, sinito frigescat", + "en": "When it reaches the consistency of glue let it cool." + }, + { + "id": 9226, + "la": "Hoc vitem circum caput et sub brachia unguito; convolvolus non nascetur", + "en": "Apply this around the trunk and under the branches, and caterpillars will not appear." + }, + { + "id": 9227, + "la": "XCVI Oves ne scabrae fiant", + "en": "XCVI. To keep scab from sheep;" + }, + { + "id": 9228, + "la": "Amurcam condito, puram bene facito, aquam in qua lupinus deferverit et faecem de vino bono, inter se omnia conmisceto pariter", + "en": "Take equal parts of old strained amurca, water in which lupines have been boiled, and dregs of good wine, and mix all together." + }, + { + "id": 9229, + "la": "Postea cum detonderis, unguito totas, sinito biduum aut triduum consudent", + "en": "After shearing, smear the whole body with this, and let them sweat two or three days." + }, + { + "id": 9230, + "la": "Deinde lavito in mari; si aquam marinam non habebis, facito aquam salsam, ea lavito", + "en": "Then wash them in the sea, or, if you have no sea-water, make a brine and wash them in it." + }, + { + "id": 9231, + "la": "Si haec sic feceris, neque scabrae fient et lanae plus et meliorem habebunt, et ricini non erunt molesti", + "en": "If you do this as directed, they will not have the scab, will bear more wool and of better quality, and ticks will not bother them." + }, + { + "id": 9232, + "la": "Eodem in omnes quadripedes utito, si scabrae erunt", + "en": "Use the same remedy for all quadrupeds if they have the scab." + }, + { + "id": 9233, + "la": "XCVII Amurca decocta axem unguito et lora et calciamenta et coria; omnia meliora facies", + "en": "XCVII. Grease the axle, belts, shoes, and hides with boiled amurca; you will make them all better." + }, + { + "id": 9234, + "la": "XCVIII Vestimenta ne tiniae tangant", + "en": "XCVIII. To protect clothing from moths:" + }, + { + "id": 9235, + "la": "Amurcam decoquito ad dimidium, ea unguito fundum arcae et extrinsecus et pedes et angulos", + "en": "Boil amurca down to one-half its volume and rub it over the bottom, the outside, the feet, and the corners of the chest." + }, + { + "id": 9236, + "la": "Ubi ea adaruerit, vestimenta condito", + "en": "After it is dry, store the clothing" + }, + { + "id": 9237, + "la": "Si ita feceris, tiniae non nocebunt", + "en": "and the moths will not attack it." + }, + { + "id": 9238, + "la": "Et item ligneam supellectilem omnem si ungues, non putescet, et cum ea terseris, splendidior fiet", + "en": "Also, if you rub it over the whole surface of wooden furniture it will prevent decay, and the article when rubbed will have a higher polish." + }, + { + "id": 9239, + "la": "Item ahenea omnia unguito, sed prius extergeto bene", + "en": "You may also use it as a polish for any kind of copper vessel, after cleaning the article thoroughly." + }, + { + "id": 9240, + "la": "Postea cum unxeris, cum uti voles, extergeto", + "en": "After applying the amurca, rub the vessel when it is to be used;" + }, + { + "id": 9241, + "la": "Splendidior erit, et aerugo non erit molesta", + "en": "it will have a lustre, and will be protected from rust." + }, + { + "id": 9242, + "la": "XCIX Fici aridae si voles uti integrae sint, in vas fictile condito Id amurca decocta unguito", + "en": "XCIX. If you wish to keep dried figs from spoiling, place them in an earthenware vessel and coat this with boiled amurca." + }, + { + "id": 9243, + "la": "C Oleum si in metretam novam inditurus eris, amurca, ita uti est cruda, prius conluito agitatoque diu, ut bene conbibat", + "en": "C. If you intend to store oil in a new jar, first wash down the jar with crude amurca, shaking for a long time so that it may soak up the amurca thoroughly." + }, + { + "id": 9244, + "la": "Id si feceris, metreta oleum non bibet, et oleum melius faciet, et ipsa metreta firmior erit", + "en": "If you do this, the jar will not soak up the oil, it will make the oil better, and the jar itself will be stronger." + }, + { + "id": 9245, + "la": "CI Virgas murteas si voles cum bacis servare et item aliut genus quod vis, et si ramulos ficulneos voles cum foliis, inter se alligato, fasciculos facito, eos in amurcam demittito, supra stet amurca facito", + "en": "CI. To preserve myrtle or any other twigs with the berries, or fig branches with the leaves, tie them together into bundles and plunge them into amurca until they are covered." + }, + { + "id": 9246, + "la": "Sed ea quae demissurus eris sumito paulo acerbiora", + "en": "But the fruit to be preserved should be picked a little before it is ripe," + }, + { + "id": 9247, + "la": "Vas, quo condideris, oblinito plane", + "en": "and the vessel in which it is stored should be sealed tight." + }, + { + "id": 9248, + "la": "CII Si bovem aut aliam quamvis quadrupedem serpens momorderit, melanthi acetabulum, quod medici vocant zmurnaeum, conterito in vini veteris hemina", + "en": "CII. When a serpent has bitten an ox or any other quadruped, macerate an acetabulum1 of fennel flower, which the physicians call smyrnaeum,2 in a hemina of old wine." + }, + { + "id": 9249, + "la": "Id per nares indito et ad ipsum morsum stercus suillum adponito", + "en": "Administer through the nostrils, and apply swines dung to the wound itself." + }, + { + "id": 9250, + "la": "Et idem hoc, si usus venerit, homini facito", + "en": "Treat a person in the same way if occasion arises." + }, + { + "id": 9251, + "la": "CIII Boves uti valeant et curati bene sint, et qui fastidient cibum, uti magis cupide adpetant, pabulum quod dabis amurca spargito; primo paululum, dum consuescant, postea magis, et dato rarenter bibere conmixtam cum aqua aequabiliter", + "en": "CIII. To keep cattle well and strong, and to increase the appetite of those which are off their feed, sprinkle the feed which you give with amurca. Feed in small quantities at first to let them grow accustomed to it, and then increase. Give them less often a draught of equal parts of amurca and water." + }, + { + "id": 9252, + "la": "Quarto quinto quoque die hoc sic facies", + "en": "Do this every fourth or fifth day." + }, + { + "id": 9253, + "la": "Ita boves et corpore curatiores erunt, et morbus aberit", + "en": "This treatment will keep them in better condition, disease will stay away from them.3" + }, + { + "id": 9254, + "la": "CIV Vinum familiae per hiemem qui utatur", + "en": "CIV. Wine for the hands to drink through the winter:" + }, + { + "id": 9255, + "la": "Musti Q X in dolium indito, aceti acris Q II eodem infundito, sapae Q II, aquae dulcis Q L Haec rude misceto ter in die dies quinque continuos", + "en": "Pour into a jar 10 quadrantals of must, 2 quadrantals of sharp vinegar, 2 quadrantals of boiled must, 50 quadrantals of fresh water. Stir with a stick thrice a day for five consecutive days." + }, + { + "id": 9256, + "la": "Eo addito aquae marinae veteris sextarios LXIIII et operculum in dolium inponito et oblinito post dies X", + "en": "Then add 64 sextarii of old sea-water, cover the jar, and seal ten days later." + }, + { + "id": 9257, + "la": "Hoc vinum durabit tibi usque ad solstitium", + "en": "This wine will last you until the summer solstice;" + }, + { + "id": 9258, + "la": "Siquid superfuerit post solstitium, acetum acerrimum et pulcherrimum erit", + "en": "whatever is left over after the solstice will be a very sharp and excellent vinegar." + }, + { + "id": 9259, + "la": "CV Qui ager longe a mari aberit, ibi vinum Graecum sic facito", + "en": "CV. If your place is far from the sea, you may use this recipe for Greek wine:" + }, + { + "id": 9260, + "la": "Musti Q XX in aheneum aut plumbeum infundito, ignem subdito", + "en": "Pour 20 quadrantals of must into a copper or lead boiler and heat." + }, + { + "id": 9261, + "la": "Ubi bullabit vinum, ignem subducito", + "en": "As soon as the wine boils, remove the fire;" + }, + { + "id": 9262, + "la": "Ubi id vinum refrixerit, in dolium quadragenarium infundito", + "en": "and when the wine has cooled, pour into a jar holding 40 quadrantals." + }, + { + "id": 9263, + "la": "Ubi muria facta erit, eodem in dolium infundito", + "en": "and when the brine is made pour it into the jar." + }, + { + "id": 9264, + "la": "Schoenum et calamum in pila contundito, quod satis siet, sextarium unum eodem in dolium infundito, ut odoratum siet", + "en": "Pound rush and calamus in a mortar to make a sufficient quantity, and pour 1 sextarius into the jar to give it an odour." + }, + { + "id": 9265, + "la": "Post dies XXX dolium oblinito", + "en": "Thirty days later seal the jar," + }, + { + "id": 9266, + "la": "Ad ver diffundito in amphoras", + "en": "and rack off into amphorae in the spring." + }, + { + "id": 9267, + "la": "Biennium in sole sinito positum esse", + "en": "Let it stand for two years in the sun," + }, + { + "id": 9268, + "la": "Deinde in tectum conferto", + "en": "then bring it under cover." + }, + { + "id": 9269, + "la": "Hoc vinum deterius non erit quam Coum", + "en": "This wine will not be inferior to the Coan." + }, + { + "id": 9270, + "la": "CVI Aquae marinae concinnatio", + "en": "CVI. Preparation of sea-water:" + }, + { + "id": 9271, + "la": "Aquae marinae Q I ex alto sumito, quo aqua dulcis non accedit", + "en": "Take 1 quadrantal of water from the deep sea where no fresh water comes;" + }, + { + "id": 9272, + "la": "Sesquilibram salis frigito, eodem indito et rude misceto usque adeo, donec ovum gallinaceum coctum natabit, desinito miscere", + "en": "parch 1 1/2 pounds of salt, add it, and stir with a rod until a boiled hens egg will float; then stop the stirring." + }, + { + "id": 9273, + "la": "Eodem vini veteris vel Aminnii vel miscelli albi congios II infundito, misceto probe", + "en": "Add 2 congii of old wine, either Aminnian or ordinary white," + }, + { + "id": 9274, + "la": "Postea in vas picatum confundito et oblinito", + "en": "and after mixing thoroughly pour into a pitched jar and seal." + }, + { + "id": 9275, + "la": "Siquid plus voles aquae marinae concinnare, pro portione ea omnia facito", + "en": "If you wish to make a larger quantity of sea-water, use a proportionate amount of the same materials." + }, + { + "id": 9276, + "la": "CVII Quo labra doliorum circumlinas, ut bene odorata sint et nequid viti in vinum accedat", + "en": "CVII. To coat the brim of wine jars, so as to give a good odour and to keep any blemish from the wine:" + }, + { + "id": 9277, + "la": "Sapae congios VI quam optimae infundito in aheneum aut in plumbeum et iris aridae contusae heminam et sertam Campanicam P V bene odoratam una cum iri contundas quam minutissime, per cribrum cernas et una cum sapa coquas sarmentis et levi flamma", + "en": "Put 6 congii of the best boiled must in a copper or lead vessel; take a hemina of dry crushed iris and 5 pounds of fragrant Campanian melilot, grind very fine with the iris, and pass through a sieve into the must. Boil the whole over a slow fire of faggots," + }, + { + "id": 9278, + "la": "Conmoveto, videto ne aduras", + "en": "stirring constantly to prevent scorching;" + }, + { + "id": 9279, + "la": "Usque coquito, dum dimidium excoquas", + "en": "continue the boiling, until you have boiled off a half." + }, + { + "id": 9280, + "la": "Ubi refrixerit, confundito in vas picatum bene odoratum et oblinito et utito in labra doliorum", + "en": "When it has cooled, pour into a sweet smelling jar covered with pitch, seal, and use for the brims of wine jars." + }, + { + "id": 9281, + "la": "CVIII Vinum si voles experiri duraturum sit necne, polentam grandem dimidium acetabuli in caliculum novum indito et vini sextarium de eo vino quod voles experiri eodem infundito et inponito in carbones; facito bis aut ter inferveat", + "en": "CVIII. If you wish to determine whether wine will keep or not, place in a new vessel half an acetabulum of large pearl barley and a sextarius of the wine you wish to test; place it on the coals and bring it to a boil two or three times;" + }, + { + "id": 9282, + "la": "Tum id percolato, polentam abicito Vinum ponito sub dio", + "en": "then strain, throw away the barley, and place the wine in the open." + }, + { + "id": 9283, + "la": "Postridie mane gustato", + "en": "Taste it the next morning." + }, + { + "id": 9284, + "la": "Si id sapiet, quod in dolio est, scito duraturum; si subacidum erit, non durabit", + "en": "If it is sweet, you may know that the wine in the jar will keep; but if it is slightly acid it will not." + }, + { + "id": 9285, + "la": "CIX Vinum asperum quod erit lene et suave si voles facere, sic facito", + "en": "CIX. To make sharp wine mild and sweet:" + }, + { + "id": 9286, + "la": "De ervo farinam facito libras IIII et vini cyatos IIII conspargito sapa", + "en": "Make 4 pounds of flour from vetch, and mix 4 cyathi of wine with boiled must;" + }, + { + "id": 9287, + "la": "Postea facito laterculos Sinito conbibant noctem et diem", + "en": "make into small bricks and let them soak for a night and a day;" + }, + { + "id": 9288, + "la": "Postea conmisceto cum eo vino in dolio et oblinito post dies LX", + "en": "then dissolve with the wine in the jar, and seal sixty days later." + }, + { + "id": 9289, + "la": "Id vinum erit lene et suave et bono colore et bene odoratum", + "en": "The wine will be mild and sweet, of good colour and of good odour." + }, + { + "id": 9290, + "la": "CX Odorem deteriorem demere vino", + "en": "CX. To remove a bad odour from wine:" + }, + { + "id": 9291, + "la": "Testam de tegula crassam puram calfacito in igni bene", + "en": "Heat a thick clean piece of roofing-tile thoroughly in the fire." + }, + { + "id": 9292, + "la": "Ubi calebit, eam picato, resticula alligato, testam demittito in dolium infimum leniter, sinito biduum oblitum dolium", + "en": "When it is hot coat it with pitch, attach a string, lower it gently to the bottom of the jar, and leave the jar sealed for two days." + }, + { + "id": 9293, + "la": "Si demptus erit odor deterior, id optime; si non, saepius facito, usque dum odorem malum dempseris", + "en": "If the bad odour is removed the first time, that will be best; if not, repeat until the bad odour is removed." + }, + { + "id": 9294, + "la": "CXI Si voles scire, in vinum aqua addita sit necne, vasculum facito de materia hederacia Vinum id, quod putabis aquam habere, eo demittito", + "en": "CXI. If you wish to determine whether wine has been watered or not: Make a vessel of ivy wood and put in it some of the wine you think has water in it." + }, + { + "id": 9295, + "la": "Si habebit aquam, vinum effluet, aqua manebit", + "en": "If it contains water, the wine will soak through and the water will remain," + }, + { + "id": 9296, + "la": "Nam non continet vinum vas hederaceum", + "en": "for a vessel of ivy wood will not hold wine." + }, + { + "id": 9297, + "la": "CXII Vinum Coum si voles facere, aquam ex alto marinam sumito mari tranquillo, cum ventus non erit, dies LXX ante vindemiam, quo aqua dulcis non perveniet", + "en": "CXII. Recipe for Coan wine: Take sea-water at a distance from the shore, where fresh water does not come, when the sea is calm and no wind is blowing, seventy days before vintage." + }, + { + "id": 9298, + "la": "Ubi hauseris de mari, in dolium infundito, nolito inplere, quadrantalibus quinque minus sit quam plenum", + "en": "After taking it from the sea, pour into a jar, filling it not fully but to within five quadrantals of the top." + }, + { + "id": 9299, + "la": "Operculum inponito, relinquito qua interspiret", + "en": "Cover the jar, leaving space for air," + }, + { + "id": 9300, + "la": "Ubi dies XXX praeterierint, transfundito in alterum dolium puriter et leniter, relinquito in imo quod desiderit", + "en": "and thirty days later pour it slowly and carefully into another jar, leaving the sediment in the bottom." + }, + { + "id": 9301, + "la": "Post dies XX in alterum dolium item transfundito; ita relinquito usque ad vindemiam", + "en": "Twenty days later pour in the same way into a third jar, and leave until vintage." + }, + { + "id": 9302, + "la": "Unde vinum Coum facere voles, uvas relinquito in vinea, sinito bene coquantur, et ubi pluerit et siccaverit, tum deligito et ponito in sole biduum aut triduum sub dio, si pluviae non erunt", + "en": "Allow the grapes from which you intend to make the Coan wine to remain on the vine, let them ripen thoroughly, and pick them when they have dried after a rain. Place them in the sun for two days, or in the open for three days, unless it is raining," + }, + { + "id": 9303, + "la": "Si pluvia erit, in tecto in cratibus conponito, et siqua acina corrupta erunt, depurgato", + "en": "If it rains, put them under cover in baskets; clear out any berries which have rotted." + }, + { + "id": 9304, + "la": "Tum acina de uvis miscellis decarpito de scopione in idem dolium, usque dum inpleveris", + "en": "then pick the berries of ordinary grapes from the stem into the jar until you have filled it." + }, + { + "id": 9305, + "la": "Manu conprimito acina, ut conbibant aquam marinam", + "en": "Press the berries with the hand so that they may soak in the sea-water." + }, + { + "id": 9306, + "la": "Ubi inpleveris dolium, operculo operito, relinquito qua interspiret", + "en": "When the jar is full, cover it, leaving space for air," + }, + { + "id": 9307, + "la": "Ubi triduum praeterierit, eximito de dolio et calcato in torculario et id vinum condito in dolia lauta et pura et sicca", + "en": "and three days later remove the grapes from the jar, tread out in the pressing-room, and store the wine in jars which have been washed clean and dried." + }, + { + "id": 9308, + "la": "CXIII Ut odoratum bene sit, sic facito", + "en": "CXIII. To impart a sweet aroma:" + }, + { + "id": 9309, + "la": "Sumito testam picatam, eo prunam lenem indito, suffito serta et schoeno et palma, quam habent unguentarii, ponito in dolio et operito, ne odor exeat, antequam vinum indas", + "en": "Take a tile covered with pitch, spread over it warm ashes, and cover with aromatic herbs, rush and the palm which the perfumers keep, place in a jar and cover, so that the odour will not escape before you pour in the wine." + }, + { + "id": 9310, + "la": "Hoc facito pridie quam vinum infundere voles", + "en": "Do this the day before you wish to pour in the wine." + }, + { + "id": 9311, + "la": "De lacu quam primum vinum in dolia indito, sinito dies XV operta, antequam oblinas, relinquito qua interspiret, postea oblinito", + "en": "Pour the wine into the jars from the vat immediately, let them stand covered for fifteen days before sealing, leaving space for air, and then seal." + }, + { + "id": 9312, + "la": "Post dies XL diffundito in amphoras et addito in singulas amphoras sapae sextarium unum", + "en": "Forty days later pour off into amphorae, and add one sextarius of boiled must to the amphora." + }, + { + "id": 9313, + "la": "Amphoras nolito inplere nimium, ansarum infimarum fini, et amphoras in sole ponito, ubi herba non siet, et amphoras operito, ne aqua accedat, et ne plus quadriennium in sole siveris", + "en": "Do not fill the amphorae higher than the bottom of the handles, and place them in the sun where there is no grass. Cover the amphorae so that water cannot enter, and let them stand in the sun not more than four years;" + }, + { + "id": 9314, + "la": "Post quadriennium in cuneum conponito et instipato", + "en": "four years later, arrange them in a wedge, and pack them closely." + }, + { + "id": 9315, + "la": "CXIV Vinum si voles concinnare, ut alvum bonam faciat, secundum vindemiam, ubi vites ablaqueantur, quantum putabis ei rei satis esse vini, tot vites ablaqueato et signato", + "en": "CXIV. If you wish to make a laxative wine: After vintage, when the vines are trenched, expose the roots of as many vines as you think you will need for the purpose and mark them;" + }, + { + "id": 9316, + "la": "Earum radices circumsecato et purgato", + "en": "isolate and clear the roots." + }, + { + "id": 9317, + "la": "Veratri atri radices contundito in pila, eas radices dato circum vitem et stercus vetus et cinerem veterem et duas partes terrae circumdato radices vitis", + "en": "Pound roots of black hellebore in the mortar, and apply around the vines. Cover the roots with old manure, old ashes, and two parts of earth," + }, + { + "id": 9318, + "la": "Terram insuper inicito", + "en": "and cover the whole with earth." + }, + { + "id": 9319, + "la": "Hoc vinum seorsum legito", + "en": "Gather these grapes separately;" + }, + { + "id": 9320, + "la": "Si voles servare in vetustatem ad alvum movendam, servato, ne conmisceas cum cetero vino", + "en": "if you wish to keep the wine for some time as a laxative, do not mix it with the other wine." + }, + { + "id": 9321, + "la": "De eo vino cyatum sumito et misceto aqua et bibito ante cenam", + "en": "Take a cyathus of this wine, dilute it with water, and drink it before dinner;" + }, + { + "id": 9322, + "la": "Sine periculo alvum movebit", + "en": "it will move the bowels with no bad results." + }, + { + "id": 9323, + "la": "CXV In vinum mustum veratri atri manipulum coicito in amphoram", + "en": "CXV. Throw in a handful of black hellebore to the amphora of must," + }, + { + "id": 9324, + "la": "Ubi satis efferverit, de vino manipulum eicito", + "en": "and when the fermentation is complete, remove the hellebore from the wine;" + }, + { + "id": 9325, + "la": "Id vinum servato ad alvum movendam", + "en": "save this wine for a laxative." + }, + { + "id": 9326, + "la": "Vinum ad alvum movendam concinnare", + "en": "To prepare a laxative wine:" + }, + { + "id": 9327, + "la": "Vites cum ablaqueabuntur, signato rubrica, ne admisceas cum cetero vino", + "en": "When the vines are trenched, mark with red chalk so that you will not mix with the rest of the wine;" + }, + { + "id": 9328, + "la": "Tris fasciculos veratri atri circumponito circum radices et terram insuper inicito", + "en": "place three bundles of black hellebore around the roots and cover with earth." + }, + { + "id": 9329, + "la": "Per vindemiam de iis vitibus quod delegeris, seorsum servato, cyatum in ceteram potionem indito", + "en": "Keep the yield from these vines separate during the vintage. Put a cyathus into another drink;" + }, + { + "id": 9330, + "la": "Alvum movebit et postridie perpurgabit sine periculo", + "en": "it will move the bowels and the next day give a thorough purging without danger." + }, + { + "id": 9331, + "la": "CXVI Lentim quo modo servari oporteat", + "en": "CXVI. To preserve lentils:" + }, + { + "id": 9332, + "la": "Laserpicium aceto diluito, permisceto lentim aceto laserpiciato et ponito in sole", + "en": "Infuse asafetida1 in vinegar, soak the lentils in the infusion of vinegar and asafetida, and expose to the sun;" + }, + { + "id": 9333, + "la": "Postea lentim oleo perfricato, sinito arescat", + "en": "then rub the lentils with oil, allow them to dry," + }, + { + "id": 9334, + "la": "Ita integra servabitur recte", + "en": "and they will keep quite sound." + }, + { + "id": 9335, + "la": "CXVII Oleae albae quo modo condiantur Antequam nigrae fiant, contundantur et in aquam deiciantur", + "en": "CXVII. To season green olives: Bruise the olives before they become black and throw them into water." + }, + { + "id": 9336, + "la": "Crebro aquam mutet", + "en": "Change the water often," + }, + { + "id": 9337, + "la": "Deinde, ubi satis maceratae erunt, exprimat et in acetum coiciat et oleum addat, salis selibram in modium olearum", + "en": "and when they are well soaked press out and throw into vinegar; add oil, and a half pound of salt to the modius of olives." + }, + { + "id": 9338, + "la": "Feniculum et lentiscum seorsum condat in acetum", + "en": "Make a dressing of fennel and mastic steeped in vinegar, using a separate vessel." + }, + { + "id": 9339, + "la": "Si una admiscere voles, cito utito", + "en": "If you wish to mix them together they must be served at once." + }, + { + "id": 9340, + "la": "In orculam calcato Manibus siccis, cum uti voles, sumito", + "en": "Press them out into an earthenware vessel and take them out with dry hands when you wish to serve them." + }, + { + "id": 9341, + "la": "CXVIII Oleam albam,quam secundum vindemiam uti voles, sic condito", + "en": "CXVIII. To season green olives which you wish to use after vintage, add as much must as vinegar;" + }, + { + "id": 9342, + "la": "Cetera item condito ita, uti supra scriptum est", + "en": "for the rest, season them as stated above." + }, + { + "id": 9343, + "la": "CXIX Epityrum album nigrum variumque sic facito", + "en": "CXIX. Recipe for a confection of green, ripe, and mottled olives." + }, + { + "id": 9344, + "la": "Ex oleis albis nigris variisque nuculeos eicito", + "en": "Remove the stones from green, ripe, and mottled olives," + }, + { + "id": 9345, + "la": "Sic condito", + "en": "and season as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 9346, + "la": "Concidito ipsas, addito oleum, acetum, coriandrum, cuminum, feniculum, rutam, mentam", + "en": "chop the flesh, and add oil, vinegar, coriander, cummin, fennel, rue, and mint." + }, + { + "id": 9347, + "la": "In orculam condito, oleum supra siet Ita utito", + "en": "Cover with oil in an earthen dish, and serve." + }, + { + "id": 9348, + "la": "CXX Mustum si voles totum annum habere, in amphoram mustum indito et corticem oppicato, demittito in piscinam", + "en": "CXX. If you wish to keep grape juice through the whole year, put the grape juice in an amphora, seal the stopper with pitch, and sink in the pond." + }, + { + "id": 9349, + "la": "Post dies XXX eximito", + "en": "Take it out after thirty days;" + }, + { + "id": 9350, + "la": "Totum annum mustum erit", + "en": "it will remain sweet the whole year." + }, + { + "id": 9351, + "la": "CXXI Mustaceos sic facito", + "en": "CXXI. Recipe for must cake:" + }, + { + "id": 9352, + "la": "Farinae siligineae modium unum musto conspargito", + "en": "Moisten 1 modius of wheat flour with must;" + }, + { + "id": 9353, + "la": "Anesum, cuminum, adipis P II, casei libram, et de virga lauri deradito, eodem addito, et ubi definxeris, lauri folia subtus addito, cum coques", + "en": "add anise, cummin, 2 pounds of lard, 1 pound of cheese, and the bark of a laurel twig. When you have made them into cakes, put bay leaves under them, and bake." + }, + { + "id": 9354, + "la": "CXXII Vinum concinnare, si lotium difficilius transibit", + "en": "CXXII. To blend a wine as a remedy for retention of urine:" + }, + { + "id": 9355, + "la": "Capreidam vel iunipirum contundito in pila, libram indito, in duobus congiis vini veteris in vase aheneo vel in plumbeo defervefacito", + "en": "Macerate capreida1 or juniper, add a pound of it, and boil in 2 congii of old wine in a copper or lead vessel." + }, + { + "id": 9356, + "la": "Ubi refrixerit, in lagonam indito", + "en": "After it cools, pour into a bottle." + }, + { + "id": 9357, + "la": "Id mane ieiunus sumito cyatum; proderit", + "en": "Take a cyathus in the morning before eating; it will prove beneficial." + }, + { + "id": 9358, + "la": "CXXIII Vinum ad isciacos sic facito", + "en": "CXXIII. To blend a wine as a remedy for gout:" + }, + { + "id": 9359, + "la": "De iunipiro materiem semipedem crassam concidito minutim Eam infervefacito cum congio vini veteris", + "en": "Cut into small chips a piece of juniper wood a half-foot thick, boil with a congius of old wine," + }, + { + "id": 9360, + "la": "Ubi refrixerit, in lagonam confundito et postea id utito cyatum mane ieiunus; proderit", + "en": "and after it cools pour into a bottle. Take a cyathus in the morning before eating; it will prove beneficial." + }, + { + "id": 9361, + "la": "CXXIV Canes interdiu clausos esse oportet, ut noctu acriores et vigilantiores sint", + "en": "CXXIV. Dogs should be chained up during the day, so that they may be keener and more watchful at night." + }, + { + "id": 9362, + "la": "CXXV Vinum murteum sic facito", + "en": "CXXV. Recipe for myrtle wine:" + }, + { + "id": 9363, + "la": "Murtam nigram arfacito in umbra", + "en": "Dry out black myrtle in the shade," + }, + { + "id": 9364, + "la": "Ubi iam passa erit, servato ad vindemiam, in urnam musti contundito murtae semodium, id oblinito", + "en": "and when dried keep it until vintage. Macerate a half-modius of myrtle into an urna of must and seal it." + }, + { + "id": 9365, + "la": "Ubi desiverit fervere mustum, murtam eximito", + "en": "When the must has ceased to ferment remove the myrtle." + }, + { + "id": 9366, + "la": "Id est ad alvum crudam et ad lateris dolorem et ad coeliacum", + "en": "This is a remedy for indigestion, for pain in the side, and for colic." + }, + { + "id": 9367, + "la": "CXXVI Ad tormina, et si alvus non consistet, et si taeniae et lumbrici molesti erunt", + "en": "CXXVI. For gripes, for loose bowels, for tapeworms and stomach-worms, if troublesome:" + }, + { + "id": 9368, + "la": "XXX mala Punica acerba sumito, contundito, indito in urceum et vini nigri austeri congios III", + "en": "Take 30 acid pomegranates, crush, place in a jar with 3 congii of strong black wine," + }, + { + "id": 9369, + "la": "Vas oblinito", + "en": "and seal the vessel." + }, + { + "id": 9370, + "la": "Post dies XXX aperito et utito; ieiunus heminam bibito", + "en": "Thirty days later open and use. Drink a hemina before eating" + }, + { + "id": 9371, + "la": "CXXVII Ad dyspepsiam et stranguriam mederi", + "en": "CXXVII. Remedy for dyspepsia and strangury:" + }, + { + "id": 9372, + "la": "Malum Punicum ubi florebit, conligito, tris minas in amphoram infundito, vini Q I veteris addito et feniculi radicem puram contusam minam", + "en": "Gather pomegranate blossoms when they open, and place 3 minae of them in an amphora. Add one quadrantal of old wine and a mina of clean crushed root of fennel;" + }, + { + "id": 9373, + "la": "Oblinito amphoram et post dies XXX aperito et utito", + "en": "seal the vessel and thirty days later open and use." + }, + { + "id": 9374, + "la": "Ubi voles cibum concoquere et lotium facere, hinc bibito quantum voles sine periculo", + "en": "You may drink this as freely as you wish without risk, when you wish to digest your food and to urinate." + }, + { + "id": 9375, + "la": "Idem vinum taenias perpurgat et lumbricos, si sic concinnes", + "en": "The same wine will clear out tapeworms and stomach-worms if it is blended in this way." + }, + { + "id": 9376, + "la": "Incenatum iubeto esse", + "en": "Bid the patient refrain from eating in the evening," + }, + { + "id": 9377, + "la": "Postridie turis drachmam unam conterito et mel coctum drachmam unam et vini sextarium origaniti", + "en": "and the next morning macerate 1 drachm of pulverized incense, 1 drachm of boiled honey, and a sextarius of wine of wild marjoram." + }, + { + "id": 9378, + "la": "Dato ieiuno, et puero pro aetate triobolum et vini heminam", + "en": "Administer to him before he eats, and, for a child, according to age, a triobulus1 and a hemina." + }, + { + "id": 9379, + "la": "Supra pilam inscendat et saliat decies et deambulet", + "en": "Have him climb a pillar and jump down ten times, and walk about." + }, + { + "id": 9380, + "la": "CXXVIII Habitationem delutare", + "en": "CXXVIII. To plaster a dwelling:" + }, + { + "id": 9381, + "la": "Terram quam maxime cretosam vel rubricosam, eo amurcam infundito, paleas indito", + "en": "Take very chalky or red earth, pour amurca over it, and add chopped straw;" + }, + { + "id": 9382, + "la": "Sinito quadriduum fracescat", + "en": "let it soften for four days," + }, + { + "id": 9383, + "la": "Ubi bene fracuerit, rutro concidito", + "en": "and when it has softened thoroughly, work up with a spade;" + }, + { + "id": 9384, + "la": "Ubi concideris, delutato", + "en": "and when you have worked it up, plaster." + }, + { + "id": 9385, + "la": "Ita neque aspergo nocebit, neque mures cava facient, neque herba nascetur, neque lutamenta scindent se", + "en": "With this treatment, the moisture will not injure the walls, nor the mice burrow in them, nor weeds grow, nor the plaster crack." + }, + { + "id": 9386, + "la": "CXXIX Aream, ubi frumentum teratur, sic facito", + "en": "CXXIX. To make a floor for threshing grain:" + }, + { + "id": 9387, + "la": "Confodiatur minute terra, amurca bene conspargatur et conbibat quam plurimum", + "en": "Break the ground fine, soak thoroughly with amurca and let it absorb as much as possible;" + }, + { + "id": 9388, + "la": "Conminuito terram et cylindro aut pavicula coaequato", + "en": "then pulverize the dirt and level with a roller or rammer." + }, + { + "id": 9389, + "la": "Ubi coaequata erit, neque formicae molestae erunt, et cum pluerit, lutum non erit", + "en": "When it is levelled the ants will not be troublesome, and there will be no mud when it rains." + }, + { + "id": 9390, + "la": "CXXX Codicillos oleagineos et cetera ligna amurca cruda perspargito et in sole ponito, perbibant bene", + "en": "CXXX. Wet olive logs and other firewood with crude amurca and expose them to the sun so that they will absorb it thoroughly;" + }, + { + "id": 9391, + "la": "Ita neque fumosa erunt et ardebunt bene", + "en": "with this treatment, they will not be smoky, but will burn well." + }, + { + "id": 9392, + "la": "CXXXI Piro florente dapem pro bubus facito", + "en": "CXXXI. Make the offering for the oxen when the pear trees bloom;" + }, + { + "id": 9393, + "la": "Postea verno arare incipito", + "en": "then begin the spring ploughing." + }, + { + "id": 9394, + "la": "Ea loca primum arato, quae rudecta harenosaque erunt", + "en": "Plough first the spots which are dry and sandy." + }, + { + "id": 9395, + "la": "Postea uti quaeque gravissima et aquosissima erunt, ita postremo arato", + "en": "Then, the heavier and wetter the spots are, the later they should be ploughed." + }, + { + "id": 9396, + "la": "CXXXII Dapem hoc modo fieri oportet", + "en": "CXXXII. The offering is to be made in this way:" + }, + { + "id": 9397, + "la": "Iovi dapali culignam vini quantam vis polluceto Eo die feriae bubus et bubulcis et qui dapem facient", + "en": "Offer to Jupiter Dapalis1 a cup of wine of any size you wish, observing the day as a holiday for the oxen, the teamsters, and those who make the offering." + }, + { + "id": 9398, + "la": "Cum pollucere oportebit, sic facies:", + "en": "In making the offering use this formula:" + }, + { + "id": 9399, + "la": "Iuppiter dapalis, quod tibi fieri oportet in domo familia mea culignam vini dapi, eius rei ergo macte hac illace dape pollucenda esto.", + "en": "Jupiter Dapalis, forasmuch as it is fitting that a cup of wine be offered thee, in my house and in the midst of my people, for thy sacred feast; and to that end, be thou honoured by the offering of this food." + }, + { + "id": 9400, + "la": "Manus interluito, postea vinum sumito:", + "en": "Wash the hands, then take the wine, and say:" + }, + { + "id": 9401, + "la": "Iuppiter dapalis, macte istace dape pollucenda esto, macte vino inferio esto.", + "en": "Jupiter Dapalis, be thou honoured by the offering of thy feast, and be thou honoured by the wine placed before thee." + }, + { + "id": 9402, + "la": "Vestae, si voles, dato", + "en": "You may make an offering to Vesta if you wish." + }, + { + "id": 9403, + "la": "Daps Iovi assaria pecuina urna vini", + "en": "The feast to Jupiter consists of roasted meat and an urn of wine." + }, + { + "id": 9404, + "la": "Iovi caste profanato sua contagione", + "en": "Present it to Jupiter religiously, in the fitting form." + }, + { + "id": 9405, + "la": "Postea dape facta serito milium, panicum, alium, lentim", + "en": "After the offering is made plant millet, panic grass, garlic, and lentils." + }, + { + "id": 9406, + "la": "CXXXIII Propagatio pomorum ceterarumque arborum", + "en": "CXXXIII. To layer fruit and other trees:" + }, + { + "id": 9407, + "la": "Arboribus abs terra pulli qui nati erunt, eos in terram deprimito, extollito, uti radicem capere possint", + "en": "Press back into the ground the scions which spring up from the ground, but raise their tips out, so that they will take root;" + }, + { + "id": 9408, + "la": "Inde, ubi tempus erit, effodito seritoque recte", + "en": "dig up at the proper time and transplant vertically." + }, + { + "id": 9409, + "la": "Ficum, oleam, malum Punicum, mala strutea, cotonea aliaque mala omnia, laurum Cypriam, Delphicam, prunum, murtum coniugulum et murtum album et nigrum, nuces Abellanas, Praenestinas, platanum, haec omnia genera a capitibus propagari eximique ad hunc modum oportebit", + "en": "In this way you should propagate from the crown and transplant fig, olive, pomegranate, quince, wild quince, and all other fruits, Cyprian and Delphic laurel, plum, conjugulan myrtle,2 as well as white and black myrtle, Abellan and Praenestine nuts, and plane trees." + }, + { + "id": 9410, + "la": "Quae diligentius seri voles, in calicibus seri oportet", + "en": "Those which you wish to have planted more carefully should be planted in pots." + }, + { + "id": 9411, + "la": "In arboribus radices uti capiant, calicem pertusum sumito tibi aut quasillum; per eum ramulum trasserito; eum quasillum terra inpleto calcatoque, in arbore relinquito", + "en": "To make them take root while on the tree, take a pot perforated at the bottom or a basket, run the shoot through it, fill the basket with earth, pack it, and leave it on the tree." + }, + { + "id": 9412, + "la": "Ubi bimum erit, ramum tenerum infra praecidito, cum quasillo serito", + "en": "When it is two years old cut off the tender branch below and plant along with the basket." + }, + { + "id": 9413, + "la": "Eo modo quod vis genus arborum facere poteris uti radices bene habeant", + "en": "By this method you can make any variety of tree take root firmly." + }, + { + "id": 9414, + "la": "Item vitem in quasillum propagato terraque bene operito, anno post praecidito, cum qualo serito", + "en": "Vines may also be layered by thrusting them through a basket, packing firmly with earth, cutting a year later, and planting along with the basket." + }, + { + "id": 9415, + "la": "CXXXIV Priusquam messim facies, porcam praecidaneam hoc modo fieri oportet", + "en": "CXXXIV. Before harvest the sacrifice of the porca praecidanea1 should be offered in this manner:" + }, + { + "id": 9416, + "la": "Cereri porca praecidanea porco femina, priusquam hasce fruges condas, far, triticum, hordeum, fabam, semen rapicium", + "en": "Offer a sow as porca praecidanea to Ceres before harvesting spelt, wheat, barley, beans, and rape seed;" + }, + { + "id": 9417, + "la": "Ture vino Iano Iovi Iunoni praefato, priusquam porcum feminam inmolabis", + "en": "and address a prayer, with incense and wine, to Janus, Jupiter, and Juno, before offering the sow." + }, + { + "id": 9418, + "la": "Iano struem ommoveto sic: Iane pater, te hac strue ommovenda bonas preces precor, uti sies volens propitius mihi liberisque meis domo familiaeque meae.", + "en": "Make an offering of cakes2 to Janus, with these words: Father Janus, in offering these cakes, I humbly beg that thou wilt be gracious and merciful to me and my children, my house and my household." + }, + { + "id": 9419, + "la": "Fertum Iovi ommoveto et mactato sic: Iuppiter, te hoc ferto obmovendo bonas preces precor, uti sies volens propitius mihi liberisque meis domo familiaeque meae mactus hoc ferto.", + "en": "Then make an offering of cake to Jupiter with these words: In offering this cake, O Jupiter, I humbly beg that thou, pleased by this offering, wilt be gracious and merciful to me and my children, my house and my household." + }, + { + "id": 9420, + "la": "Postea Iano vinum dato sic: Iane pater, uti te strue ommovenda bonas preces bene precatus sum, eiusdem rei ergo macte vino inferio esto.", + "en": "Then present the wine to Janus, saying: Father Janus, as I prayed humbly in offering the cakes, so wilt thou to the same end be honoured by this wine placed before thee." + }, + { + "id": 9421, + "la": "Postea Iovi sic: Iuppiter macte isto ferto esto, macte vino inferio esto.", + "en": "And then pray to Jupiter thus: Jupiter, wilt thou deign to accept the cake; wilt thou deign to accept the wine placed before thee." + }, + { + "id": 9422, + "la": "Postea porcam praecidaneam inmolato", + "en": "Then offer up the porca praecidanea." + }, + { + "id": 9423, + "la": "Ubi exta prosecta erunt, Iano struem ommoveto mactatoque item, uti prius obmoveris", + "en": "When the entrails have been removed, make an offering of cakes to Janus, with a prayer as before;" + }, + { + "id": 9424, + "la": "Iovi fertum obmoveto mactatoque item, uti prius feceris", + "en": "and an offering of a cake to Jupiter, with a prayer as before." + }, + { + "id": 9425, + "la": "Item Iano vinum dato et Iovi vinum dato, item uti prius datum ob struem obmovendam et fertum libandum", + "en": "After the same manner, also, offer wine to Janus and offer wine to Jupiter, as was directed before for the offering of the cakes, and the consecration of the cake." + }, + { + "id": 9426, + "la": "Postea Cereri exta et vinum dato", + "en": "Afterwards offer entrails and wine to Ceres." + }, + { + "id": 9427, + "la": "CXXXV Romae tunicas, togas, saga, centones, sculponeas; Calibus et Minturnis cuculliones, ferramenta, falces, palas, ligones, secures, ornamenta, murices, catellas; Venafro palas", + "en": "CXXXV. Tunics, togas, blankets, smocks, and shoes should be bought at Rome; caps, iron tools, scythes, spades, mattocks, axes, harness, ornaments, and small chains at Cales and Minturnae; spades at Venafrum;" + }, + { + "id": 9428, + "la": "Suessae et in Lucanis plostra, treblae; Albae, Romae dolia, labra; tegulae ex Venafro", + "en": "carts and sledges at Suessa and in Lucania; jars and pots at Alba and at Rome; and tiles at Venafrum." + }, + { + "id": 9429, + "la": "Aratra in terram validam Romanica bona erunt, in terram pullam Campanica; iuga Romanica optima erunt; vomeris indutilisoptimus erit", + "en": "Roman ploughs will be good for heavy soil, Campanian for black loam. Roman yokes are the best made. You will find detachable ploughshares the best." + }, + { + "id": 9430, + "la": "Trapeti Pompeis, Nolae ad Rufri maceriam; claves, clostra Romae; hamae, urnae oleariae, urcei aquarii, urnae vinariae, alia vasa ahenea Capuae, Nolae; fiscinae Campanicae Capuae utiles sunt", + "en": "oil mills at Pompeii, and at Rufriuss yard at Nola; nails and bars at Rome; pails, oil-urns, water-pitchers, wine-urns, other copper vessels at Capua and at Nola; Campanian baskets from Capua will be found useful;" + }, + { + "id": 9431, + "la": "Funem torculum siquis faciet, Casini L Tunnius, Venafri C Mennius L F Eo indere oportet coria bona VIII nostratia, recentia quae depsta sient, quam minimum salis habeant", + "en": "Lucius Tunnius, of Casinum, and Gaius Mennius, son of Lucius Mennius, of Venafrum, make the best press-ropes. Eight good native hides, freshly tanned, should be used for these, and should have very little salt;" + }, + { + "id": 9432, + "la": "Ea depsere et unguere unguine prius oportet, tum siccare", + "en": "they should be tanned, rubbed down with fat, and then dried." + }, + { + "id": 9433, + "la": "CXXXVI Politionem quo pacto partiario dari oporteat", + "en": "CXXXVI. Terms for letting the tending of the land to a share tenant:" + }, + { + "id": 9434, + "la": "In agro Casinate et Venafro in loco bono parti octava corbi dividat, satis bono septima, tertio loco sexta; si granum modio dividet, parti quinta", + "en": "In the district of Casinum and Venafrum, on good land he should receive one-eighth of the unthreshed grain,1 on fairly good land one-seventh, on land of third quality one-sixth; if the threshed grain is shared, one-fifth." + }, + { + "id": 9435, + "la": "In Venafro ager optimus nona parti corbi dividat", + "en": "In the district of Venafrum the division is one-ninth of the unthreshed grain on the best land." + }, + { + "id": 9436, + "la": "Si communiter pisunt, qua ex parte politori pars est, eam partem in pistrinum politor", + "en": "If they mill in common, the caretaker shall pay for the milling in proportion to the share he receives." + }, + { + "id": 9437, + "la": "Hordeum quinta modio, fabam quinta modio dividat", + "en": "He should receive one-fifth of threshed barley and one-fifth of shelled beans." + }, + { + "id": 9438, + "la": "Bene curet fundum, arbustum, agrum frumentarium", + "en": "he must take good care of the estate, the orchard, and the grain land." + }, + { + "id": 9439, + "la": "Partiario faenum et pabulum, quod bubus satis siet, qui illic sient", + "en": "The share worker is to have enough hay and fodder for the cattle on the place;" + }, + { + "id": 9440, + "la": "Cetera omnia pro indiviso", + "en": "everything else is in common." + }, + { + "id": 9441, + "la": "CXXXVIII Boves feriis coniungere licet Haec licet facere: arvehant ligna, fabalia, frumentum, quod conditurus erit", + "en": "CXXXVIII. Oxen may be yoked on feast days for these purposes: to haul firewood, bean stalks, and grain for storing." + }, + { + "id": 9442, + "la": "Mulis, equis, asinis feriae nullae, nisi si in familia sunt", + "en": "There is no holiday for mules, horses, or donkeys, except the family festivals." + }, + { + "id": 9443, + "la": "CXXXIX Lucum conlucare Romano more sic oportet", + "en": "CXXXIX. The following is the Roman formula to be observed in thinning a grove:" + }, + { + "id": 9444, + "la": "Porco piaculo facito, sic verba concipito:", + "en": "A pig is to be sacrificed, and the following prayer uttered:" + }, + { + "id": 9445, + "la": "Si deus, si dea es, quoium illud sacrum est, uti tibi ius est porco piaculo facere illiusce sacri coercendi ergo harumque rerum ergo, sive ego sive quis iussu meo fecerit, uti id recte factum siet, eius rei ergo te hoc porco piaculo inmolando bonas preces precor, uti sies volens propitius mihi domo familiaeque meae liberisque meis; harumce rerum ergo macte hoc porco piaculo inmolando esto.", + "en": "Whether thou be god or goddess to whom this grove is dedicated, as it is thy right to receive a sacrifice of a pig for the thinning of this sacred grove, and to this intent, whether I or one at my bidding do it, may it be rightly done. To this end, in offering this pig to thee I humbly beg that thou wilt be gracious and merciful to me, to my house and household, and to my children. Wilt thou deign to receive this pig which I offer thee to this end." + }, + { + "id": 9446, + "la": "CXL Si fodere voles, altero piaculo eodem modo facito, hoc amplius dicito: operis faciundi causa.", + "en": "CXL. If you wish to till the ground, offer a second sacrifice in the same way, with the addition of the words: for the sake of doing this work." + }, + { + "id": 9447, + "la": "Dum opus, cotidie per partes facito", + "en": "So long as the work continues, the ritual must be performed in some part of the land every day;" + }, + { + "id": 9448, + "la": "Si intermiseris aut feriae publicae aut familiares intercesserint, altero piaculo facito", + "en": "and if you miss a day, or if public or domestic feast days intervene, a new offering must be made." + }, + { + "id": 9449, + "la": "CXLI Agrum lustrare sic oportet", + "en": "CXLI. The following is the formula for purifying land:" + }, + { + "id": 9450, + "la": "Impera suovitaurilia circumagi: Cum divis volentibus quodque bene eveniat, mando tibi, Mani, uti illace suovitaurilia fundum agrum terramque meam quota ex parte sive circumagi sive circumferenda censeas, uti cures lustrare.", + "en": "Bidding the suovetaurilia1 to be led around, use the words: That with the good help of the gods success may crown our work, I bid thee, Manius,2 to take care to purify my farm, my land, my ground with this suovetaurilia, in whatever part thou thinkest best for them to be driven or carried around." + }, + { + "id": 9451, + "la": "Ianum Iovemque vino praefamino, sic dicito:", + "en": "Make a prayer with wine to Janus and Jupiter, and say:" + }, + { + "id": 9452, + "la": "Mars pater, te precor quaesoque uti sies volens propitius mihi domo familiaeque nostrae, quoius re ergo agrum terram fundumque meum suovitaurilia circumagi iussi, uti tu morbos visos invisosque, viduertatem vastitudinemque, calamitates intemperiasque prohibessis defendas averruncesque; utique tu fruges, frumenta, vineta virgultaque grandire beneque evenire siris, pastores pecuaque salva servassis duisque bonam salutem valetudinemque mihi domo familiaeque nostrae;", + "en": "Father Mars, I pray and beseech thee that thou be gracious and merciful to me, my house, and my household; to which intent I have bidden this suovetaurilia to be led around my land, my ground, my farm; that thou keep away, ward off, and remove sickness, seen and unseen, barrenness and destruction, ruin and unseasonable influence; and that thou permit my harvests, my grain, my vineyards, and my plantations to flourish and to come to good issue, preserve in health my shepherds and my flocks, and give good health and strength to me, my house, and my household.1" + }, + { + "id": 9453, + "la": "harumce rerum ergo, fundi terrae agrique mei lustrandi lustrique faciendi ergo, sicuti dixi, macte hisce suovitaurilibus lactentibus inmolandis esto; Mars pater, eiusdem rei ergo macte hisce suovitaurilibus lactentibus esto.", + "en": "To this intent, to the intent of purifying my farm, my land, my ground, and of making an expiation, as I have said, deign to accept the offering of these suckling victims; Father Mars, to the same intent deign to accept the offering of these suckling offering." + }, + { + "id": 9454, + "la": "Item cultro facito struem et fertum uti adsiet, inde obmoveto", + "en": "Also heap the cakes2 with the knife and see that the oblation cake be hard by, then present the victims." + }, + { + "id": 9455, + "la": "Ubi porcum inmolabis, agnum vitulumque, sic oportet: Eiusque rei ergo macte suovitaurilibus inmolandis esto.", + "en": "When you offer up the pig, the lamb, and the calf, use this formula: To this intent deign to accept the offering of these victims." + }, + { + "id": 9456, + "la": "Si minus in omnis litabit, sic verba concipito: Mars pater, siquid tibi in illisce suovitaurilibus lactentibus neque satisfactum est, te hisce suovitaurilibus piaculo.", + "en": "If favourable omens are not obtained in response to all, speak thus: Father Mars, if aught hath not pleased thee in the offering of those sucklings, I make atonement with these victims." + }, + { + "id": 9457, + "la": "Si in uno duobusve dubitabit, sic verba concipito: Mars pater, quod tibi illoc porco neque satisfactum est, te hoc porco piaculo.", + "en": "If there is doubt about one or two, use these words: Father Mars, inasmuch as thou wast not pleased by the offering of that pig, I make atonement with this pig." + }, + { + "id": 9458, + "la": "CXLII Vilici officia quae sunt, quae dominus praecepit, ea omnia quae in fundo fieri oportet quaeque emi pararique oportet, quo modoque cibaria, vestimenta familiae dari oportet, eadem uti curet faciatque moneo dominoque dicto audiens sit", + "en": "CXLII. Those things which are the duty of the overseer, the instructions which the master has given, all those things which should be done on the farm and what should be bought or brought in, and how food and raiment should be issued to the servants'the same I warn that he do and perform, and that he hearken to the masters instructions." + }, + { + "id": 9459, + "la": "Hoc amplius, quo modo vilicam uti oportet et quo modo eae imperari oportet, uti adventu domini quae opus sunt parentur curenturque diligenter", + "en": "Furthermore, he must know how to manage the housekeeper and how to give her directions, so that the master, at his coming, will find that all necessary preparations and arrangements have been made with care." + }, + { + "id": 9460, + "la": "CXLIII Vilicae quae sunt officia, curato faciat", + "en": "CXLIII. See that the housekeeper performs all her duties." + }, + { + "id": 9461, + "la": "Si eam tibi dederit dominus uxorem, ea esto contentus", + "en": "If the master has given her to you as wife, keep yourself only to her." + }, + { + "id": 9462, + "la": "Ea te metuat facito", + "en": "Make her stand in awe of you." + }, + { + "id": 9463, + "la": "Ne nimium luxuriosa siet", + "en": "Restrain her from extravagance." + }, + { + "id": 9464, + "la": "Vicinas aliasque mulieres quam minimum utatur neve domum neve ad sese recipiat", + "en": "She must visit the neighbouring and other women very seldom, and not have them either in the house or in her part of it." + }, + { + "id": 9465, + "la": "Ad cenam nequo eat neve ambulatrix siet", + "en": "She must not go out to meals, or be a gadabout." + }, + { + "id": 9466, + "la": "Rem divinam ni faciat neve mandet, qui pro ea faciat, iniussu domini aut dominae", + "en": "She must not engage in religious worship herself or get others to engage in it for her without the orders of the master or the mistress;" + }, + { + "id": 9467, + "la": "Scito dominum pro tota familia rem divinam facere", + "en": "let her remember that the master attends to the devotions for the whole household." + }, + { + "id": 9468, + "la": "Munda siet; villam conversam mundeque habeat; focum purum circumversum cotidie, priusquam cubitum eat, habeat", + "en": "She must be neat herself, and keep the farmstead neat and clean. She must clean and tidy the hearth every night before she goes to bed." + }, + { + "id": 9469, + "la": "Kalendis, Idibus, Nonis, festus dies cum erit, coronam in focum indat, per eosdemque dies lari familiari pro copia supplicet", + "en": "On the Kalends, Ides, and Nones, and whenever a holy day comes, she must hang a garland over the hearth, and on those days pray to the household gods as opportunity offers." + }, + { + "id": 9470, + "la": "Cibum tibi et familiae curet uti coctum habeat", + "en": "She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants." + }, + { + "id": 9471, + "la": "Gallinas multas et ova uti habeat", + "en": "She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs." + }, + { + "id": 9472, + "la": "Pira arida, sorba, ficos, uvas passas, sorba in sapa et pira et uvas in doliis et mala strutea, uvas in vinaciis et in urceis in terra obrutas et nuces Praenestinas recentes in urceo in terra obrutas habeat", + "en": "She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears and grapes and quinces. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape-pulp1 and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year." + }, + { + "id": 9473, + "la": "Mala Scantiana in doliis et alia quae condi solent et silvatica, haec omnia quotannis diligenter uti condita habeat", + "en": "She must also know how to make good flour and to grind spelt fine." + }, + { + "id": 9474, + "la": "Farinam bonam et far suptile sciat facere", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 9475, + "la": "CXLIV Oleam legendam hoc modo locare oportet", + "en": "CXLIV.1 Terms for letting the gathering of olives:" + }, + { + "id": 9476, + "la": "Oleam cogito recte omnem arbitratu domini, aut quem custodem fecerit, aut cui olea venierit", + "en": "The contractor will gather the whole harvest carefully, according to the directions of the owner or his representative or the purchaser of the crop." + }, + { + "id": 9477, + "la": "Oleam ne stringito neve verberato iniussu domini aut custodis", + "en": "He will not pick or beat down olives without the orders of the owner or his representative." + }, + { + "id": 9478, + "la": "Si adversus ea quis fecerit, quod ipse eo die delegerit, pro eo nemo solvet neque debebitur", + "en": "If anyone violates this rule, no one will pay or be liable for what he has picked that day." + }, + { + "id": 9479, + "la": "Qui oleam legerint, omnes iuranto ad dominum aut ad custodem sese oleam non subripuisse neque quemquam suo dolo malo ea oletate ex fundo L Manli", + "en": "All gatherers will take an oath before the owner or his representative that they have not stolen olives, nor has anyone with their connivance stolen olives from the estate of Lucius Manlius2 during that harvest;" + }, + { + "id": 9480, + "la": "Qui eorum non ita iuraverit, quod is legerit omne, pro eo argentum nemo dabit neque debebitur Oleam cogi recte satis dato arbitratu L Manli", + "en": "if any refuse to take the oath, no one will pay or be liable for what he has gathered. He must give security for the proper harvesting of the olives, satisfactory to Lucius Manlius." + }, + { + "id": 9481, + "la": "Scalae ita uti datae erunt, ita reddito, nisi quae vetustate fractae erunt", + "en": "Ladders are to be returned in as good condition as when they were issued, except those which have been broken because of age;" + }, + { + "id": 9482, + "la": "Si non erunt redditae, aequom viri boni arbitratu deducetur", + "en": "if they are not returned, a fair deduction will be made by arbitration of an honest man." + }, + { + "id": 9483, + "la": "Siquid redemptoris opera domino damni datum erit, resolvito; id viri boni arbitratu deducetur", + "en": "Whatever damage is done the owner through the fault of the contractor the latter will make good, the amount to be deducted after arbitration by an honest person." + }, + { + "id": 9484, + "la": "Legulos, quot opus erunt, praebeto et strictores", + "en": "The contractor will furnish as many gatherers3 and pickers as are needed;" + }, + { + "id": 9485, + "la": "Si non praebuerit, quanti conductum erit aut locatum erit, deducetur; tanto minus debebitur", + "en": "and if he fails to do so, a deduction will be made of the cost of hiring or contracting, and the total will be less by that amount." + }, + { + "id": 9486, + "la": "De fundo ligna et oleam ne deportato", + "en": "He is not to remove firewood or olives from the farm;" + }, + { + "id": 9487, + "la": "Qui oleam legerit, qui deportarit, in singulas deportationes S II deducentur neque id debebitur", + "en": "and if any of his gatherers carry them off, a deduction will be made of 2 sesterces for each load, and that amount will not be due." + }, + { + "id": 9488, + "la": "Omnem oleam puram metietur modio oleario", + "en": "All olives will be measured clean in an olive measure." + }, + { + "id": 9489, + "la": "Adsiduos homines L praebeto, duas partes strictorum praebeto", + "en": "He is to furnish fifty active workmen, two-thirds being pickers." + }, + { + "id": 9490, + "la": "Nequis concedat, quo olea legunda et faciunda carius locetur, extra quam siquem socium inpraesentiarum dixerit", + "en": "No one shall form a combination for the purpose of raising the contract price for harvesting and milling olives, unless he names his associate at the time;" + }, + { + "id": 9491, + "la": "Siquis adversum ea fecerit, si dominus aut custos volent, iurent omnes socii", + "en": "in case of a violation of this rule, if the owner or his representative wish, all the associates shall take an oath," + }, + { + "id": 9492, + "la": "Si non ita iuraverint, pro ea olea legunda et faciunda nemo dabit neque debebitur ei qui non iuraverit", + "en": "and if anyone refuses so to swear, no one will pay or be liable for pay for the gathering or milling of the olives to one who has not so sworn." + }, + { + "id": 9493, + "la": "CXLV Oleam faciundam hac lege oportet locare", + "en": "CXLV. Terms on which contracts are to be made for the milling of olives:" + }, + { + "id": 9494, + "la": "Facito recte arbitratu domini aut custodis, qui id negotium curabit", + "en": "Mill them honestly, to the satisfaction of the owner or his representative in charge of the work." + }, + { + "id": 9495, + "la": "Si sex iugis vasis opus erit, facito", + "en": "If necessary, supply six complete equipments." + }, + { + "id": 9496, + "la": "Homines eos dato, qui placebunt aut custodi aut quis eam oleam emerit", + "en": "Furnish workmen to the satisfaction of the representative of the owner or the one who has bought the olives." + }, + { + "id": 9497, + "la": "Si opus erit trapetis facito", + "en": "If a mill is necessary, set it up." + }, + { + "id": 9498, + "la": "Si operarii conducti erunt aut facienda locata erit, pro eo resolvito, aut deducetur", + "en": "If labourers are hired, or the work has to be sublet, settle for this, or let it be deducted." + }, + { + "id": 9499, + "la": "Oleum ne tangito utendi causa neque furandi causa, nisi quod custos dederit aut dominus", + "en": "Do not touch any oil by way of use or pilfering beyond what the owner or his representative issues;" + }, + { + "id": 9500, + "la": "Si sumpserit, in singulas sumptiones SS.N XL deducentur neque debebitur", + "en": "if he takes it, 40 sesterces will be deducted for each offence, and that amount will not be due." + }, + { + "id": 9501, + "la": "Factores, qui oleum fecerint, omnes iuranto aut ad dominum aut ad custodem sese de fundo L Manli neque alium quemquam suo dolo malo oleum neque oleam subripuisse", + "en": "All hands engaged in the manufacturing will take an oath before the owner or his representative that neither they nor anyone with their connivance has stolen oil or olives from the farm of Lucius Manlius." + }, + { + "id": 9502, + "la": "Qui eorum non ita iuraverit, quae eius pars erit, omne deducetur neque debebitur", + "en": "If any one of them will not take such oath, his share of the pay will be deducted, and that amount will not be due." + }, + { + "id": 9503, + "la": "Socium nequem habeto, nisi quem dominus iusserit aut custos", + "en": "You will have no partner without the approval of the owner or his representative." + }, + { + "id": 9504, + "la": "Siquid redemptoris opera domino damni datum erit, viri boni arbitratu deducetur", + "en": "Any damage done to the owner through the fault of the contractor will be deducted on the decision of an honest person." + }, + { + "id": 9505, + "la": "Si viride oleum opus siet, facito", + "en": "If green oil is required, make it." + }, + { + "id": 9506, + "la": "Accedet oleum et sale suae usioni quod satis siet, vasarium vict II", + "en": "There will be an allowance of a sufficient quantity of oil and salt for his own use, and two victoriati as toll." + }, + { + "id": 9507, + "la": "CXLVI Oleam pendentem hac lege venire oportet", + "en": "CXLVI. Terms for the sale of olives on the tree:" + }, + { + "id": 9508, + "la": "Olea pendens in fundo Venafro venibit", + "en": "Olives for sale on the tree on an estate near Venafrum." + }, + { + "id": 9509, + "la": "Dies argento ex K Nov mensum X oleae legendae faciendae quae locata est, et si emptor locarit, Idibus solvito", + "en": "Date of payment: within ten months3 from the first of November he will pay the contract price for gathering and working up the olives, even if the purchaser has made a contract, on the Ides." + }, + { + "id": 9510, + "la": "Recte haec dari fierique satisque dari domino, aut cui iusserit, promittito satisque dato arbitratu domini", + "en": "Sign a contract and give bond to the satisfaction of the owner that such payments will be made in good faith, and that all will be done to the satisfaction of the owner or his representative." + }, + { + "id": 9511, + "la": "Donicum solutum erit aut ita satis datum erit, quae in fundo inlata erunt, pigneri sunto; nequid eorum de fundo deportato; siquid deportaverit, domini esto", + "en": "Until payment is made, or such security has been given, all property of the purchaser on the place will be held in pledge, and none of it shall be removed from the place; whatever is so removed becomes the property of the owner." + }, + { + "id": 9512, + "la": "Vasa torcula, funes, scalas, trapetos, siquid et aliut datum erit, salva recte reddito, nisi quae vetustate fracta erunt", + "en": "All presses, ropes, ladders, mills, and whatever else has been furnished by the owner, will be returned in the same good condition, except articles broken because of age;" + }, + { + "id": 9513, + "la": "Si non reddet, aequom solvito", + "en": "sand a fair price will be paid for all not returned." + }, + { + "id": 9514, + "la": "Si emptor legulis et factoribus, qui illic opus fecerint, non solverit, cui dari oportebit, si dominus volet, solvat", + "en": "If the purchaser does not pay the gatherers and the workmen who have milled the oil, the owner may, if he wishes, pay the wages due;" + }, + { + "id": 9515, + "la": "Emptor domino debeto et id satis dato, proque ea re ita uti S S E item pignori sunto", + "en": "and the purchaser will be liable to the owner for the amount, and give bond, and his property will be held in pledge as described above." + }, + { + "id": 9516, + "la": "CXLVII Hac lege vinum pendens venire oportet", + "en": "CXLVII. Terms for the sale of grapes on the vine:" + }, + { + "id": 9517, + "la": "Vinaceos inlutos et faecem relinquito", + "en": "The purchaser will leave unwashed lees and dregs." + }, + { + "id": 9518, + "la": "Locus vinis ad K Octob primas dabitur", + "en": "Storage will be allowed for the wine until the first of October next following;" + }, + { + "id": 9519, + "la": "Si non ante ea exportaverit, dominus vino quid volet faciet", + "en": "if it is not removed before that time, the owner will do what he will with the wine." + }, + { + "id": 9520, + "la": "Cetera lex, quae oleae pendenti", + "en": "All other terms as for the sale of olives on the tree." + }, + { + "id": 9521, + "la": "CXLVIII Vinum in doliis hoc modo venire oportet", + "en": "CXLVIII. Terms for the sale of wine in jars:" + }, + { + "id": 9522, + "la": "Vini in culleos singulos quadragenae et singulae urnae dabuntur", + "en": "Forty-one urns to the culleus will be delivered," + }, + { + "id": 9523, + "la": "Quod neque aceat neque muceat, id dabitur", + "en": "and only wine which is neither sour nor musty will be sold." + }, + { + "id": 9524, + "la": "In triduo proxumo viri boni arbitratu degustato", + "en": "Within three days it shall be tasted subject to the decision of an honest man," + }, + { + "id": 9525, + "la": "Si non ita fecerit, vinum pro degustato erit", + "en": "and if the purchaser fails to have this done, it will be considered tasted;" + }, + { + "id": 9526, + "la": "Quot dies per dominum mora fuerit, quo minus vinum degustet, totidem dies emptori procedent", + "en": "but any delay in the tasting caused by the owner will add as many days to the time allowed the purchaser." + }, + { + "id": 9527, + "la": "Vinum accipito ante K Ian primas", + "en": "The acceptance will take place before the first of January next following;" + }, + { + "id": 9528, + "la": "Si non ante acceperit, dominus vinum admetietur", + "en": "and in default of acceptance by the purchaser the owner will measure the wine," + }, + { + "id": 9529, + "la": "Quod admensus erit, pro eo resolvito", + "en": "and settlement will be made on the basis of such measurement;" + }, + { + "id": 9530, + "la": "Si emptor postularit, dominus ius iurandum dabit verum fecisse", + "en": "if the purchaser wishes, the owner will take an oath that he has measured it correctly." + }, + { + "id": 9531, + "la": "Locus vinis ad K Octobres primas dabitur", + "en": "Storage will be allowed for the wine until the first of October next following;" + }, + { + "id": 9532, + "la": "Si ante non deportaverit, dominus vino quid volet faciet", + "en": "if it is not removed before that date, the owner will do what he wishes with the wine." + }, + { + "id": 9533, + "la": "Cetera lex, quae oleae pendenti", + "en": "Other terms as for olives on the tree." + }, + { + "id": 9534, + "la": "CXLIX Qua lege pabulum hibernum venire oporteat", + "en": "CXLIX. Terms for the lease of winter pasturage:" + }, + { + "id": 9535, + "la": "Qua vendas fini dicito", + "en": "The contract should state the limits of pasturage." + }, + { + "id": 9536, + "la": "Pabulum frui occipito ex Kal Septembribus", + "en": "The use of the pasturage should begin on the first of September," + }, + { + "id": 9537, + "la": "Prato sicco decedat, ubi pirus florere coeperit; prato inriguo, ubi super inferque vicinus permittet, tum decedito, vel diem certam utrique facito", + "en": "and should end on dry meadows when the pear trees begin to bloom, and on water meadows when the neighbours above and below begin irrigating, or on a definite date fixed for each;" + }, + { + "id": 9538, + "la": "Cetero pabulo Kal Martiis decedito", + "en": "on all other meadows on the first of March." + }, + { + "id": 9539, + "la": "Bubus domitis binis, cantherio uni, cum emptor pascet, domino pascere recipitur", + "en": "The owner reserves the right to pasture two yoke of oxen and one gelding while the renter pastures;" + }, + { + "id": 9540, + "la": "Holeris, asparagis, lignis, aqua, itinere, actu domini usioni recipitur", + "en": "the use of vegetables, asparagus, firewood, water, roads, and right of way is reserved for the owner." + }, + { + "id": 9541, + "la": "Siquid emptor aut pastores aut pecus emptoris domino damni dederit, viri boni arbitratu resolvat", + "en": "All damage done to the owner by the renter or his herdsmen or cattle shall be settled for according to the decision of an honest man;" + }, + { + "id": 9542, + "la": "Siquid dominus aut familia aut pecus emptori damni dederit, viri boni arbitratu resolvetur", + "en": "and all damage done to the renter by the owner or his servants or cattle shall be settled for according to the decision of a good man." + }, + { + "id": 9543, + "la": "Donicum pecuniam solverit aut satisfecerit aut delegarit, pecus et familia, quae illic erit, pigneri sunto", + "en": "Until such damage is settled for in cash or by security, or the debt is assigned, all herds and servants on the place shall be held in pledge;" + }, + { + "id": 9544, + "la": "Siquid de iis rebus controversiae erit, Romae iudicium fiat", + "en": "and if there arises any dispute over such matters, let the decision be made at Rome." + }, + { + "id": 9545, + "la": "CL Fructum ovium hac lege venire oportet", + "en": "CL. Terms for the sale of the increase of the flock:" + }, + { + "id": 9546, + "la": "In singulas casei P I S dimidium aridum, lacte feriis quod mulserit dimidium et praeterea lactis urnam unam; hisce legibus, agnus diem et noctem qui vixerit in fructum; et Kal Iun emptor fructu decedat; si interkalatum erit, K Mais Agnos XXX ne amplius promittat", + "en": "The lessee will pay per head 1 1/2 pounds of cheese, one-half dry; one-half of the milking on holy days; and an urn of milk on other days. For the purpose of this rule a lamb which lives for a day and a night is counted as increase; the lessee will end the increase on the first of June, or, if an intercalation1 intervene, on the first of May. The lessor will not promise more than thirty lambs;" + }, + { + "id": 9547, + "la": "Oves quae non pepererint binae pro singulis in fructu cedent", + "en": "ewes which have borne no lambs count in the increase two for one." + }, + { + "id": 9548, + "la": "Ex quo die lanam et agnos vendat menses X ab coactore releget", + "en": "Ten months after the date of the sale of wool and lambs he shall receive his money from the collector." + }, + { + "id": 9549, + "la": "Porcos serarios in oves denas singulos pascat", + "en": "He may feed one whey-fed hog for every ten sheep." + }, + { + "id": 9550, + "la": "Conductor duos menses pastorem praebeat", + "en": "The lessee will furnish a shepherd for two months;" + }, + { + "id": 9551, + "la": "Donec domino satisfecerit aut solverit, pignori esto", + "en": "and he shall remain in pledge until the owner is satisfied either by security or by payment." + }, + { + "id": 9552, + "la": "CLI Semen cupressi quo modo legi seri propagarique oporteat et quo pacto cupresseta seri oporteat, Minius Percennius Nolanus ad hunc modum monstravit", + "en": "CLI. As to cypress seed, the best method for its gathering, planting, and propagation, and for the planting of the cypress bed has been given as follows by Minius Percennius of Nola:" + }, + { + "id": 9553, + "la": "Semen cupressi Tarentinae per ver legi oportet; materiem, ubi hordeum flavescit", + "en": "The seed of the Tarentine cypress should be gathered in the spring, and the wood when the barley turns yellow;" + }, + { + "id": 9554, + "la": "Id ubi legeris, in sole ponito, semen purgato Id aridum condito, uti aridum expostum siet", + "en": "when you gather the seed, expose it to the sun, clean it, and store it dry so that it may be set out dry." + }, + { + "id": 9555, + "la": "Per ver serito in loco ubi terra tenerrima erit, quam pullam vocant, ubi aqua propter siet", + "en": "Plant the seed in the spring, in soil which is very mellow, the so-called pulla, close to water." + }, + { + "id": 9556, + "la": "Eum locum stercorato primum bene stercore caprino aut ovillo, tum vortito bipalio, terram cum stercore bene permisceto, depurgato ab herba graminibusque, bene terram conminuito", + "en": "First cover the ground thick with goat or sheep dung, then turn it with the trenching spade and mix it well with the dung, cleaning out grass and weeds; break the ground fine." + }, + { + "id": 9557, + "la": "Areas facito pedes latas quaternos; subcavas facito, uti aquam continere possint; inter eas sulcos facito, qua herbas de areis purgare possis", + "en": "Form the seed-beds four feet wide, with the surface concave, so that they will hold water, leaving a footway between the beds so that you may clean out the weeds." + }, + { + "id": 9558, + "la": "Ubi areae factae erunt semen serito crebrum, ita uti linum seri solet", + "en": "After the beds are formed, sow the seed as thickly as flax is usually sowed," + }, + { + "id": 9559, + "la": "Eo cribro terram incernito, dimidiatum digitum terram altam succernito", + "en": "sift dirt over it with a sieve to the depth of a half-finger," + }, + { + "id": 9560, + "la": "Id bene tabula aut manibus aut pedibus conplanato", + "en": "and smooth carefully with a board, or the hands or feet." + }, + { + "id": 9561, + "la": "Siquando non pluet, uti terra sitiat, aquam inrigato leniter in areas", + "en": "In case the weather is dry so that the ground becomes thirsty, irrigate by letting a stream gently into the beds;" + }, + { + "id": 9562, + "la": "Si non habebis unde inriges, gerito inditoque leniter", + "en": "or, if there is not a stream, have the water brought and poured gently;" + }, + { + "id": 9563, + "la": "Quotienscumque opus erit, facito uti aquam addas", + "en": "see that you add water whenever it is needed." + }, + { + "id": 9564, + "la": "Si herbae natae erunt, facito uti ab herbis purges", + "en": "If weeds spring up, see that you free the beds of them." + }, + { + "id": 9565, + "la": "Quam tenerrimis herbis, et quotiens opus erit, purges", + "en": "Clean them when the weeds are very young, and as often as is necessary." + }, + { + "id": 9566, + "la": "Per aestatem ita uti dictum est fieri oportet, et ubi semen satum siet, stramentis operiri; ubi germinascere coeperit, tum demi", + "en": "This procedure should be continued as stated throughout the summer. The seed, after being planted, should be covered with straw, which should be removed when they begin to sprout." + }, + { + "id": 9567, + "la": "CLII De scopis virgeis, Q A Manlii monstraverunt", + "en": "CLII. Of brush-brooms, according to the directions of the Manlii:" + }, + { + "id": 9568, + "la": "In diebus XXX, quibus vinum legeris, aliquotiens facito scopas virgeas ulmeas aridas, in asserculo alligato, eabus latera doliis intrinsecus usque bene perfricato, ne faex in lateribus adhaerescat", + "en": "At several times during the thirty days of the vintage, make brooms of dry elm twigs bound around a stick. With these scrape continually the inner surfaces of the wine jars, to keep the wine dregs from sticking to the sides." + }, + { + "id": 9569, + "la": "CLIII Vinum faecatum sic facito", + "en": "CLIII. To make lees-wine:" + }, + { + "id": 9570, + "la": "Fiscinas olearias Campanicas duas illae rei habeto", + "en": "Keep two Campanian olive baskets for the purpose;" + }, + { + "id": 9571, + "la": "Eas faecis inpleto sub prelumque subdito exprimitoque", + "en": "fill them with lees, place them under the press-beam, and force out the juice." + }, + { + "id": 9572, + "la": "CLIV Vinum emptoribus sine molestia quo modo admetiaris", + "en": "CLIV. A convenient method of measuring wine for buyers:" + }, + { + "id": 9573, + "la": "Labrum culleare illae rei facito", + "en": "Take for this purpose a cask of culleus size," + }, + { + "id": 9574, + "la": "Id habeat ad summum ansas IIII, uti transferri possitur", + "en": "with four handles at the top for easy handling;" + }, + { + "id": 9575, + "la": "Id imum pertundito; ea fistulam subdito, uti opturarier recte possit; et ad summum, qua fini culleum capiet, pertundito", + "en": "make a hole at the bottom, fitting into it a pipe so that it can be stopped tight, and also pierce near the top at the point where it will hold exactly a culleus." + }, + { + "id": 9576, + "la": "Id in suggestu inter dolia positum habeto, uti in culleum de dolio vinum salire possit", + "en": "Keep it on the elevation1 among the jars, so that the wine can run from the jar into the cask;" + }, + { + "id": 9577, + "la": "Id inpleto, postea obturato", + "en": "and when the cask is filled close it up." + }, + { + "id": 9578, + "la": "CLV Per hiemem aquam de agro depelli oportet", + "en": "CLV. Land ought to be drained during the winter," + }, + { + "id": 9579, + "la": "In monte fossas inciles puras habere oportet", + "en": "and the drain-ditches on the hillsides kept clean." + }, + { + "id": 9580, + "la": "Prima autumnitate cum pulvis est, tum maxime ab aqua periculum est", + "en": "The greatest danger from water is in the early autumn, when there is dust." + }, + { + "id": 9581, + "la": "Cum pluere incipiet, familiam cum ferreis sarculisque exire oportet, incilia aperire, aquam diducere in vias et curare oportet uti fluat", + "en": "When the rains begin, the whole household must turn out with shovels and hoes, open the ditches, turn the water into the roads, and see that it flows off." + }, + { + "id": 9582, + "la": "In villa, cum pluet, circumire oportet, sicubi perpluat, et signare carbone, cum desierit pluere, uti tegula mutetur", + "en": "You should look around the farmstead while it is raining, and mark all leaks with charcoal, so that the tile can be replaced after the rain stops." + }, + { + "id": 9583, + "la": "Per segetem in frumentis aut in segete aut in fossis sicubi aqua constat aut aliquid aquae obstat, id emittere, patefieri removerique oportet", + "en": "During the growing season, if water is standing anywhere, in the grain or the seed-bed or in ditches, or if there is any obstruction to the water, it should be cleared, opened and removed." + }, + { + "id": 9584, + "la": "CLVI De brassica quod concoquit", + "en": "CLVI. Of the medicinal value of the cabbage:" + }, + { + "id": 9585, + "la": "Brassica est quae omnibus holeribus antistat", + "en": "It is the cabbage which surpasses all other vegetables." + }, + { + "id": 9586, + "la": "Eam esto vel coctam vel crudam", + "en": "It may be eaten either cooked or raw;" + }, + { + "id": 9587, + "la": "Crudam si edes, in acetum intinguito", + "en": "if you eat it raw, dip it into vinegar." + }, + { + "id": 9588, + "la": "Mirifice concoquit, alvum bonam facit, lotiumque ad omnes res salubre est", + "en": "It promotes digestion marvellously and is an excellent laxative, and the urine is wholesome for everything." + }, + { + "id": 9589, + "la": "Si voles in convivio multum bibere cenareque libenter, ante cenam esto crudam quantum voles ex aceto, et item, ubi cenaveris, comesto aliqua V folia; reddet te quasi nihil ederis, bibesque quantum voles", + "en": "If you wish to drink deep at a banquet and to enjoy your dinner, eat as much raw cabbage as you wish, seasoned with vinegar, before dinner, and likewise after dinner eat some half a dozen leaves; it will make you feel as if you had not dined, and you can drink as much as you please." + }, + { + "id": 9590, + "la": "Alvum si voles deicere superiorem, sumito brassicae quae levissima erit P IIII inde facito manipulos aequales tres conligatoque", + "en": "If you wish to clean out the upper digestive tract, take four pounds of very smooth cabbage leaves, make them into three equal bunches and tie them together." + }, + { + "id": 9591, + "la": "Postea ollam statuito cum aqua", + "en": "Set a pot of water on the fire," + }, + { + "id": 9592, + "la": "Ubi occipiet fervere, paulisper demittito unum manipulum, fervere desistet", + "en": "and when it begins to boil sink one bunch for a short time, which will stop the boiling;" + }, + { + "id": 9593, + "la": "Postea ubi occipiet fervere, paulisper demittito ad modum dum quinque numeres, eximito", + "en": "when it begins again sink the bunch briefly while you count five, and remove." + }, + { + "id": 9594, + "la": "Item facito alterum manipulum, item tertium", + "en": "Do the same with the second and third bunches," + }, + { + "id": 9595, + "la": "Postea conicito, contundito, item eximito in linteum, exurgeto sucum quasi heminam in pocillum fictile", + "en": "then throw the three together and macerate. After macerating, squeeze through a cloth about a hemina of the juice into an earthen cup;" + }, + { + "id": 9596, + "la": "Eo indito salis micam quasi ervum et cumini fricti tantum quod oleat", + "en": "add a lump of salt the size of a pea, and enough crushed cummin to give it an odour," + }, + { + "id": 9597, + "la": "Postea ponito pocillum in sereno noctu", + "en": "and let the cup stand in the air through a calm night." + }, + { + "id": 9598, + "la": "Qui poturus erit, lavet calida, bibat aquam mulsam, cubet incenatus", + "en": "Before taking a dose of this, one should take a hot bath, drink honey-water, and go to bed fasting." + }, + { + "id": 9599, + "la": "Postea mane bibat sucum deambuletque horas IIII, agat, negoti siquid habebit", + "en": "Early the next morning he should drink the juice and walk about for four hours, attending to any business he has." + }, + { + "id": 9600, + "la": "Ubi libido veniet, nausia adprehendet, decumbat purgetque sese", + "en": "When the desire comes on him and he is seized with nausea, he should lie down and purge himself;" + }, + { + "id": 9601, + "la": "Tantum bilis pituitaeque eiciet, uti ipse miretur, unde tantum siet", + "en": "he will evacuate such a quantity of bile and mucus that he will wonder himself where it all came from." + }, + { + "id": 9602, + "la": "Postea ubi deorsum versus ibit, heminam aut paulo plus bibat", + "en": "Afterwards, when he goes to stool, he should drink a hemina or a little more." + }, + { + "id": 9603, + "la": "Si amplius ibit, sumito farinae minutae concas duas, infriet in aquam, paulum bibat, constituet", + "en": "If it acts too freely, if he will take two conchas of fine flour, sprinkle it into water, and drink a little, it will cease to act." + }, + { + "id": 9604, + "la": "Verum quibus tormina molesta erunt, brassicam in aqua macerare oportet", + "en": "Those who are suffering from colic should macerate cabbage in water," + }, + { + "id": 9605, + "la": "Ubi macerata erit, coicito in aquam calidam, coquito usque donec conmadebit bene, aquam defundito", + "en": "then pour into hot water, and boil until it is quite soft. Pour off the water," + }, + { + "id": 9606, + "la": "Postea salem addito et cumini paululum et pollinem polentae eodem addito et oleum", + "en": "add salt, a bit of cummin, barley flour dust, and oil, and boil again;" + }, + { + "id": 9607, + "la": "Postea fervefacito, infundito in catinum, uti frigescat", + "en": "turn into a dish and allow to cool." + }, + { + "id": 9608, + "la": "Eo interito quod volet cibi, postea edit", + "en": "You may break any food you wish into it and eat it;" + }, + { + "id": 9609, + "la": "Sed si poterit solam brassicam esse, edit", + "en": "but if you can eat the cabbage alone, do so." + }, + { + "id": 9610, + "la": "Et si sine febre erit, dato vini atri duri aquatum bibat quam minimum; si febris erit, aquam", + "en": "If the patient has no fever, administer a very little strong, dark wine, diluted; but if he has fever give only water." + }, + { + "id": 9611, + "la": "Id facito cotidie mane", + "en": "The dose should be repeated every morning," + }, + { + "id": 9612, + "la": "Nolito multum dare, ne pertaedescat, uti possit porro libenter esse", + "en": "but in small quantities, so that it may not pall but continue to be eaten with relish." + }, + { + "id": 9613, + "la": "Ad eundem modum viro et mulieri et puero dato", + "en": "The treatment is the same for man, woman, and child." + }, + { + "id": 9614, + "la": "Nunc de illis, quibus aegre lotium it quibusque substillum est", + "en": "Now for those who pass urine with difficulty and suffer from strangury:" + }, + { + "id": 9615, + "la": "Sumito brassicam, coicito in aquam ferventem, coquito paulisper, uti subcruda siet", + "en": "take cabbage, place it in hot water and boil until it is half-done;" + }, + { + "id": 9616, + "la": "Postea aquam defundito non omnem", + "en": "pour off most of the water," + }, + { + "id": 9617, + "la": "Eo addito oleum bene et salem et cumini paululum, infervefacito paulisper", + "en": "add a quantity of oil, salt, and a bit of cummin, and boil for a short time." + }, + { + "id": 9618, + "la": "Postea inde iusculum frigidum sorbere et ipsam brassicam esse, uti quam primum excoquatur", + "en": "After that drink the broth of this and eat the cabbage itself, that it may be absorbed quickly." + }, + { + "id": 9619, + "la": "Cotidie id facito", + "en": "Repeat the treatment daily." + }, + { + "id": 9620, + "la": "CLVII De brassica Pythagorea, quid in ea boni sit salubritatisque", + "en": "CLVII. Of Pythagorass cabbage, what virtue and health-giving qualities it has." + }, + { + "id": 9621, + "la": "Principium te cognoscere oportet, quae genera brassicae sint et cuius modi naturam habeant", + "en": "The several varieties of cabbage and the quality of each should first be known;" + }, + { + "id": 9622, + "la": "Omnia ad salutem temperat conmutatque sese semper cum calore, arida simul et umida et dulcis et amara et acris", + "en": "it has all the virtues necessary for health, and constantly changes its nature along with the heat, being moist and dry, sweet, bitter, and acid." + }, + { + "id": 9623, + "la": "Sed quae vocantur septem bona in conmixtura, natura omnia haec habet brassica", + "en": "The cabbage has naturally all the virtues of the so-called Seven Blessings mixture." + }, + { + "id": 9624, + "la": "Nunc uti cognoscas naturam earum, prima est levis quae nominatur; ea est grandis, latis foliis, caule magno, validam habet naturam et vim magnam habet", + "en": "To give, then, the several varieties: the first is the so-called smooth; it is large, with broad leaves and thick stem; it is hardy and has great potency." + }, + { + "id": 9625, + "la": "Altera est crispa, apiacon vocatur; haec est natura et aspectu bona, ad curationem validior est quam quae supra scripta est", + "en": "The second is the curly variety, called parsley cabbage; it has a good nature and appearance, and has stronger medicinal properties than the above-mentioned variety." + }, + { + "id": 9626, + "la": "Et item est tertia, quae lenis vocatur, minutis caulibus, tenera, et acerrima omnium est istarum, tenui suco vehementissima", + "en": "So also has the third, the mild, with small stalk, tender, and the most pungent of all; and its juice, though scanty, has the most powerful effect." + }, + { + "id": 9627, + "la": "Et primum scito, de omnibus brassicis nulla est illius modi medicamento", + "en": "No other variety of cabbage approaches it in medicinal value." + }, + { + "id": 9628, + "la": "Ad omnia vulnera tumores eam contritam inponito", + "en": "It can be used as a poultice on all kinds of wounds and swellings;" + }, + { + "id": 9629, + "la": "Haec omnia ulcera purgabit sanaque faciet sine dolore", + "en": "it will cleanse all sores and heal without pain;" + }, + { + "id": 9630, + "la": "Eadem tumida concoquit, eadem erumpit, eadem vulnera putida canceresque purgabit sanosque faciet, quod aliud medicamentum facere non potest", + "en": "it will soften and open boils; it will cleanse suppurating wounds and tumours, and heal them, a thing which no other medicine can do." + }, + { + "id": 9631, + "la": "Verum prius quam id inponas, aqua calida multa lavato; postea bis in die contritam inponito; ea omnem putorem adimet", + "en": "But before it is applied, the surface should be washed with plenty of warm water, and then the crushed cabbage should be applied as a poultice, and renewed twice a day; it will remove all putridity." + }, + { + "id": 9632, + "la": "Cancer ater, is olet et saniem spurcam mittit; albus purulentus est, sed fistulosus et subtus suppurat sub carne", + "en": "The black ulcer has a foul odour and exudes putrid pus, the white is purulent but fistulous, and suppurates under the surface;" + }, + { + "id": 9633, + "la": "In ea vulnera huiusce modi teras brassicam, sanum faciet; optima est ad huiusce modi vulnus", + "en": "but if you macerate cabbage it will cure all such sores'it is the best remedy for sores of this kind." + }, + { + "id": 9634, + "la": "Et luxatum siquid est, bis die aqua calida foveto, brassicam tritam opponito, cito sanum faciet; bis die id opponito, dolores auferet", + "en": "Dislocations will be healed quickly if they are bathed twice a day in warm water and a cabbage poultice is applied; if applied twice a day, the treatment will relieve the pain." + }, + { + "id": 9635, + "la": "Et siquid contusum est, erumpet; brassicam tritam opponito, sanum faciet", + "en": "A contusion will burst, and when bruised cabbage is applied, it will heal." + }, + { + "id": 9636, + "la": "Et siquid in mammis ulceris natum et carcinoma, brassicam tritam opponito, sanum faciet", + "en": "An ulcer on the breast and a cancer can be healed by the application of macerated cabbage;" + }, + { + "id": 9637, + "la": "Et si ulcus acrimoniam eius ferre non poterit, farinam hordeaceam misceto, ita opponito", + "en": "and if the spot is too tender to endure the astringency, the cabbage should be mixed with barley-flour and so applied." + }, + { + "id": 9638, + "la": "Huiusce modi ulcera omnia haec sana faciet, quod aliud medicamentum facere non potest neque purgare", + "en": "All sores of this kind it will heal, a thing which no other medicine can do or cleanse." + }, + { + "id": 9639, + "la": "Et puero et puellae si ulcus erit huiusce modi, farinam hordeaceam addito", + "en": "When applied to a sore of this kind on a boy or girl the barley-meal should be added." + }, + { + "id": 9640, + "la": "Et si voles eam consectam lautam siccam sale aceto sparsam esse, salubrius nihil est", + "en": "If you eat it chopped, washed, dried, and seasoned with salt and vinegar, nothing will be more wholesome." + }, + { + "id": 9641, + "la": "Quo libentius edis, aceto mulso spargito; lautam siccam et rutam coriandrum sectam sale sparsam paulo libentius edes", + "en": "That you may eat it with better appetite, sprinkle it with grape vinegar, and you will like it a little better when washed, dried, and seasoned with rue, chopped coriander and salt." + }, + { + "id": 9642, + "la": "Id bene faciet et mali nihil sinet in corpore consistere et alvum bonam faciet", + "en": "This will benefit you, allow no ill to remain in the body, and promote digestion;" + }, + { + "id": 9643, + "la": "Siquid antea mali intus erit, omnia sana faciet, et de capite et de oculis omnia deducet et sanum faciet Hanc mane esse oportet ieiunum", + "en": "and will heal any ill that may be inside. Headache and eyeache it heals alike. It should be eaten in the morning, on an empty stomach." + }, + { + "id": 9644, + "la": "Et si bilis atra est et si lienes turgent et si cor dolet et si iecur aut pulmones aut praecordia, uno verbo omnia sana faciet intro quae dolitabunt", + "en": "Also if you are bilious, if the spleen is swollen, if the heart is painful, or the liver, or the lungs, or the diaphragm'in a word, it will cure all the internal organs which are suffering." + }, + { + "id": 9645, + "la": "Eodem silpium inradito, bonum est", + "en": "(If you grate silphium1 into it, it will be good.)" + }, + { + "id": 9646, + "la": "Nam venae omnes ubi sufflatae sunt ex cibo, non possunt perspirare in toto corpore; inde aliqui morbus nascitur", + "en": "For when all the veins are gorged with food they cannot breathe2 in the whole body, and hence a disease is caused;" + }, + { + "id": 9647, + "la": "Ubi ex multo cibo alvus non it, pro portione brassica si uteris, id ut te moneo, nihil istorum usu veniet morbis", + "en": "and when from excess of food the bowels do not act, if you eat cabbage proportionately, prepared as I direct above, you will have no ill effects from these." + }, + { + "id": 9648, + "la": "Verum morbum articularium nulla res tam purgat, quam brassica cruda, si edes concisam et rutam et coriandrum concisam siccam et sirpicium inrasum et brassicam ex aceto oxymeli et sale sparsam", + "en": "But as to disease of the joints, nothing so purges it as raw cabbage, if you eat it chopped, and rue, chopped dry coriander, grated asafetida, and cabbage out of vinegar and honey, and sprinkled with salt." + }, + { + "id": 9649, + "la": "Haec si uteris, omnis articulos poteris experiri", + "en": "After using this remedy you will have the use of all your joints." + }, + { + "id": 9650, + "la": "Nullus sumptus est, et si sumptus esset, tamen valetudinis causa experires", + "en": "There is no expense involved; and even if there were, you should try it for your healths sake." + }, + { + "id": 9651, + "la": "Hanc oportet mane ieiunum esse", + "en": "It should be eaten in the morning, on an empty stomach." + }, + { + "id": 9652, + "la": "Insomnis vel siquis est seniosus, hac eadem curatione sanum facies", + "en": "One who is sleepless or debilitated you can make well by this same treatment." + }, + { + "id": 9653, + "la": "Verum assam brassicam et unctam caldam, salis paulum dato homini ieiuno", + "en": "But give the person, without food, simply warm cabbage, oiled, and a little salt." + }, + { + "id": 9654, + "la": "Quam plurimum ederit, tam citissime sanus fiet ex eo morbo", + "en": "The more the patient eats the more quickly will he recover from the disease." + }, + { + "id": 9655, + "la": "Tormina quibus molesta erunt, sic facito", + "en": "Those suffering from colic should be treated as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 9656, + "la": "Brassicam macerato bene, postea in aulam coicito, defervefacito bene", + "en": "Macerate cabbage thoroughly, then put in a pot and boil well;" + }, + { + "id": 9657, + "la": "Ubi cocta erit bene, aquam defundito", + "en": "when it is well done pour off the water," + }, + { + "id": 9658, + "la": "Eo addito oleum bene et salis paululum et cuminum et pollinem polentae", + "en": "add plenty of oil, very little salt, cummin, and fine barley-flour," + }, + { + "id": 9659, + "la": "Postea ferve bene facito", + "en": "and let it boil very thoroughly again." + }, + { + "id": 9660, + "la": "Ubi ferverit, in catinum indito", + "en": "After boiling turn it into a dish." + }, + { + "id": 9661, + "la": "Dato edit, si poterit, sine pane; si non, dato panem purum ibidem madefaciat", + "en": "The patient should eat it without bread, if possible; if not, plain bread may be soaked in it;" + }, + { + "id": 9662, + "la": "Et si febrim non habebit, dato vinum atrum bibat; cito sanus fiet", + "en": "and if he has no fever he may have some dark wine. The cure will be prompt." + }, + { + "id": 9663, + "la": "Et hoc siquando usus venerit, qui debilis erit, haec res sanum facere potest: brassicam edit ita uti S S E", + "en": "And further, whenever such occasion arises, if a person who is debilitated will eat cabbage prepared as I have described above, he will be cured." + }, + { + "id": 9664, + "la": "Et hoc amplius lotium conservato eius qui brassicam essitarit, id calfacito, eo hominem demittito, cito sanum facies hac cura; expertum hoc est", + "en": "And still further, if you save the urine of a person who eats cabbage habitually, heat it, and bathe the patient in it, he will be healed quickly; this remedy has been tested." + }, + { + "id": 9665, + "la": "Item pueros pusillos si laves eo lotio, numquam debiles fient", + "en": "Also, if babies are bathed in this urine they will never be weakly;" + }, + { + "id": 9666, + "la": "Et quibus oculi parum clari sunt, eo lotio inunguito, plus videbunt Si caput aut cervices dolent, eo lotio caldo lavito, desinent dolere", + "en": "those whose eyes are not very clear will see better if they are bathed in this urine; and pain in the head or neck will be relieved if the heated urine is applied." + }, + { + "id": 9667, + "la": "Et si mulier eo lotio locos fovebit, numquam miseri fient, et fovere sic oportet: ubi in scutra fervefeceris, sub sellam supponito pertusam", + "en": "If a woman will warm the privates with this urine, they will never become diseased. The method is as follows: when you have heated it in a pan, place it under a chair whose seat has been pierced." + }, + { + "id": 9668, + "la": "Eo mulier adsidat, operito, circum vestimenta eam dato", + "en": "Let the woman sit on it, cover her, and throw garments around her." + }, + { + "id": 9669, + "la": "Brassica erratica maximam vim habet", + "en": "Wild cabbage has the greatest strength;" + }, + { + "id": 9670, + "la": "Eam arfacere et conterere oportet bene minutam", + "en": "it should be dried and macerated very fine." + }, + { + "id": 9671, + "la": "Siquem purgare voles, pridie ne cenet, mane ieiuno dato brassicam tritam, aquae cyatos IIII", + "en": "When it is used as a purge, let the patient refrain from food the previous night, and in the morning, still fasting, take macerated cabbage with four cyathi of water." + }, + { + "id": 9672, + "la": "Nulla res tam bene purgabit, neque elleborum neque scamonium, et sine periculo, et scito salubrem esse corpori Quos diffidas sanos facere, facies Qui hac purgatione purgatus erit, sic eum curato", + "en": "Nothing will purge so well, neither hellebore, nor scammony; it is harmless, and highly beneficial; it will heal persons whom you despair of healing. The following is the method of purging by this treatment:" + }, + { + "id": 9673, + "la": "Sorbitione liquida hoc per dies septem dato", + "en": "Administer it in a liquid form for seven days;" + }, + { + "id": 9674, + "la": "Ubi esse volet, carnem assam dato", + "en": "if the patient has an appetite, feed him on roast meat, or," + }, + { + "id": 9675, + "la": "Si esse non volet, dato brassicam coctam et panem, et bibat vinum lene dilutum, lavet raro, utatur unctione", + "en": "if he has not, on boiled cabbage and bread. He should drink diluted mild wine, bathe rarely, and rub with oil." + }, + { + "id": 9676, + "la": "Qui sic purgatus erit, diutina valetudine utetur, neque ullus morbus veniet nisi sua culpa", + "en": "One so purged will enjoy good health for a long time, and no sickness will attack him except by his own fault." + }, + { + "id": 9677, + "la": "Et siquis ulcus taetrum vel recens habebit, hanc brassicam erraticam aqua spargito, opponito; sanum facies", + "en": "If one has an ulcer, whether suppurated or new, sprinkle this wild cabbage with water and apply it; you will cure him." + }, + { + "id": 9678, + "la": "Et si fistula erit, turundam intro trudito", + "en": "If there is a fistula, insert a pellet;" + }, + { + "id": 9679, + "la": "Si turundam non recipiet, diluito, indito in vesicam, eo calamum alligato, ita premito, in fistulam introeat; ea res sanum faciet cito", + "en": "or if it will not admit a pellet, make a solution, pour into a bladder attached to a reed, and inject into the fistula by squeezing the bladder. It will heal quickly." + }, + { + "id": 9680, + "la": "Et ad omnia ulcera vetera et nova contritam cum melle opponito, sanum faciet", + "en": "An application of wild cabbage macerated with honey to any ulcer, old or new, will heal it." + }, + { + "id": 9681, + "la": "Et si polypus in naso intro erit, brassicam erraticam aridam tritam in manum conicito et ad nasum admoveto, ita subducito susum animam quam plurimum poteris; in triduo polypus excidet", + "en": "If a nasal polypus appears, pour macerated dry wild cabbage into the palm of the hand; apply to the nostril and sniff with the breath as vigorously as possible. Within three days the polypus will fall out," + }, + { + "id": 9682, + "la": "Et ubi exciderit, tamen aliquot dies idem facito, ut radices polypi persanas facias", + "en": "but continue the same treatment for several days after it has fallen out, so that the roots of the polypus may be thoroughly cleaned." + }, + { + "id": 9683, + "la": "Auribus si parum audies, terito cum vino brassicam, sucum exprimito, in aurem intro tepidum instillato; cito te intelleges plus audire", + "en": "In case of deafness, macerate cabbage with wine, press out the juice, and instil warm into the ear, and you will soon know that your hearing is improved." + }, + { + "id": 9684, + "la": "Depetigini spurcae brassicam opponito, sanam faciet et ulcus non faciet", + "en": "An application of cabbage to a malignant scab will cause it to heal without ulcerating." + }, + { + "id": 9685, + "la": "CLVIII Alvum deicere hoc modo oportet, si vis bene tibi deicere", + "en": "CLVIII. Recipe for a purgative, if you wish to purge thoroughly:" + }, + { + "id": 9686, + "la": "Sume tibi ollam, addito eo aquae sextarios sex et eo addito ungulam de perna", + "en": "Take a pot and pour into it six sextarii of water and add the hock of a ham," + }, + { + "id": 9687, + "la": "Si ungulam non habebis, addito de perna frustum P S quam minime pingue", + "en": "or, if you have no hock, a half-pound of ham-scraps with as little fat as possible." + }, + { + "id": 9688, + "la": "Ubi iam coctum incipit esse, eo addito brassicae coliculos duos, betae coliculos duos cum radice sua, feliculae pullum, herbae Mercurialis non multum, mitulorum L II, piscem capitonem et scorpionem I, cochleas sex et lentis pugillum", + "en": "Just as it comes to a boil, add two cabbage leaves, two beet plants with the roots, a shoot of fern, a bit of the mercury-plant,1 two pounds of mussels, a capito2 fish and one scorpion, six snails, and a handful of lentils." + }, + { + "id": 9689, + "la": "Haec omnia decoquito usque ad sextarios III iuris Oleum ne addideris", + "en": "Boil all together down to three sextarii of liquid, without adding oil." + }, + { + "id": 9690, + "la": "Indidem sume tibi sextarium unum tepidum, adde vini Coi cyatum unum, bibe, interquiesce, deinde iterum eodem modo, deinde tertium: purgabis te bene", + "en": "Take one sextarius of this while warm, add one cyathus of Coan wine, drink, and rest. Take a second and a third dose in the same way, and you will be well purged." + }, + { + "id": 9691, + "la": "Et si voles insuper vinum Coum mixtum bibere, licebit bibas", + "en": "You may drink diluted Coan wine in addition, if you wish." + }, + { + "id": 9692, + "la": "Ex iis tot rebus quod scriptum est unum, quod eorum vis, alvum deicere potest", + "en": "Any one of the many ingredients mentioned above is sufficient to move the bowels;" + }, + { + "id": 9693, + "la": "Verum ea re tot res sunt, uti bene deicias, et suave est", + "en": "but there are so many ingredients in this concoction that it is an excellent purgative, and, besides, it is agreeable." + }, + { + "id": 9694, + "la": "CLIX Intertrigini remedium", + "en": "CLIX. To prevent chafing:" + }, + { + "id": 9695, + "la": "In viam cum ibis, apsinthi Pontici surculum sub anulo habeto", + "en": "When you set out on a journey, keep a small branch of Pontic wormwood under the anus." + }, + { + "id": 9696, + "la": "CLX Luxum siquod est, hac cantione sanum fiet", + "en": "CLX. Any kind of dislocation may be cured by the following charm:" + }, + { + "id": 9697, + "la": "Harundinem prende tibi viridem P IIII aut quinque longam, mediam diffinde, et duo homines teneant ad coxendices", + "en": "Take a green reed four or five feet long and split it down the middle, and let two men hold it to your hips." + }, + { + "id": 9698, + "la": "Incipe cantare: motas uaeta daries dardares astataries dissunapiter, usque dum coeant", + "en": "Begin to chant: motas uaeta daries dardares astataries dissunapiter and continue until they meet." + }, + { + "id": 9699, + "la": "Ferrum insuper iactato", + "en": "Brandish a knife over them," + }, + { + "id": 9700, + "la": "Ubi coierint et altera alteram tetigerint, id manu prehende et dextera sinistra praecide, ad luxum aut ad fracturam alliga, sanum fiet", + "en": "and when the reeds3 meet so that one touches the other, grasp with the hand and cut right and left. If the pieces are applied to the dislocation or the fracture, it will heal." + }, + { + "id": 9701, + "la": "Et tamen cotidie cantato et luxato vel hoc modo: huat haut haut istasis tarsis ardannabou dannaustra.", + "en": "And none the less chant every day, and, in the case of a dislocation, in this manner, if you wish: huat haut haut istasis tarsis ardannabou dannaustra." + }, + { + "id": 9702, + "la": "CLXI Asparagus quo modo seratur", + "en": "CLXI. Method of planting asparagus:" + }, + { + "id": 9703, + "la": "Locum subigere oportet bene, qui habeat umorem, aut locum crassum", + "en": "Break up thoroughly ground that is moist, or is heavy soil." + }, + { + "id": 9704, + "la": "Ubi erit subactus, areas facito, ut possis dextra sinistraque sarire runcare, ne calcetur", + "en": "When it has been broken, lay off beds, so that you may hoe and weed them in both directions without trampling the beds." + }, + { + "id": 9705, + "la": "Cum areas deformabis, intervallum facito inter areas semipedem latum in omnes partes", + "en": "In laying off the beds, leave a path a half-foot wide between the beds on each side." + }, + { + "id": 9706, + "la": "Deinde serito, ad lineam palo grana bina aut terna demittito et eodem palo cavum terra operito", + "en": "Plant along a line, dropping two or three seeds together in a hole made with a stick, and cover with the same stick." + }, + { + "id": 9707, + "la": "Deinde supra areas stercus spargito bene", + "en": "After planting, cover the beds thickly with manure;" + }, + { + "id": 9708, + "la": "Serito secundum aequinoctium vernum", + "en": "plant after the vernal equinox." + }, + { + "id": 9709, + "la": "Ubi erit natum, herbas crebro purgato cavetoque ne asparagus una cum herba vellatur", + "en": "When the shoots push up, weed often, being careful not to uproot the asparagus with the weeds." + }, + { + "id": 9710, + "la": "Quo anno severis, satum stramentis per hiemem operito, ne praeuratur", + "en": "The year it is planted, cover the bed with straw through the winter, so that it will not be frostbitten." + }, + { + "id": 9711, + "la": "Deinde primo vero aperito, sarito runcatoque", + "en": "Then in the early spring uncover, hoe, and weed." + }, + { + "id": 9712, + "la": "Post annum tertium, quam severis, incendito vere primo", + "en": "The third year after planting burn it over in the early spring;" + }, + { + "id": 9713, + "la": "Deinde ne ante sarueris, quam asparagus natus erit, ne in sariendo radices laedas", + "en": "after this do not work it before the shoots appear, so as not to injure the roots by hoeing." + }, + { + "id": 9714, + "la": "Tertio aut quarto anno asparagum vellito ab radice", + "en": "In the third or fourth year you may pull asparagus from the roots;" + }, + { + "id": 9715, + "la": "Nam si defringes, stirpes fient et intermorientur", + "en": "for if you break it off, sprouts will start and die off." + }, + { + "id": 9716, + "la": "Usque licebit vellas, donicum in semen videris ire", + "en": "You may continue pulling until you see it going to seed." + }, + { + "id": 9717, + "la": "Semen maturum fit ad autumnum", + "en": "The seed ripens in autumn;" + }, + { + "id": 9718, + "la": "Ita, cum sumpseris semen, incendito, et cum coeperit asparagus nasci, sarito et stercorato", + "en": "when you have gathered it, burn over the bed, and when the asparagus begins to grow, hoe and manure." + }, + { + "id": 9719, + "la": "Post annos VIII aut novem, cum iam est vetus, digerito et in quo loco posturus eris terram bene subigito et stercerato", + "en": "After eight or nine years, when it is now old, dig it up, after having thoroughly worked and manured the ground to which you are to transplant it," + }, + { + "id": 9720, + "la": "Deinde fossulas facito, quo radices asparagi demittas", + "en": "and made small ditches to receive the roots." + }, + { + "id": 9721, + "la": "Intervallum sit ne minus pedes singulos inter radices asparagi", + "en": "The interval between the roots of the asparagus should be not less than a foot." + }, + { + "id": 9722, + "la": "Evellito, sic circumfodito, ut facile vellere possis; caveto ne frangatur", + "en": "In digging, loosen the earth around the roots so that you can dig them easily, and be careful not to break them." + }, + { + "id": 9723, + "la": "Stercus ovillum quam plurimum fac ingeras; id est optimum ad eam rem; aliut stercus herbas creat", + "en": "Cover them very deep with sheep dung; this is the best for this purpose, as other manure produces weeds." + }, + { + "id": 9724, + "la": "CLXII Salsura pernarum et ofellae Puteolanae", + "en": "CLXII. Method of curing hams and Puteolan ofella." + }, + { + "id": 9725, + "la": "Pernas sallire sic oportet in dolio aut in seria", + "en": "You should salt hams in the following manner, in a jar or large pot:" + }, + { + "id": 9726, + "la": "Cum pernas emeris, ungulas earum praecidito", + "en": "When you have bought the hams cut off the hocks." + }, + { + "id": 9727, + "la": "Salis Romaniensis moliti in singulas semodios", + "en": "Allow a half-modius of ground Roman salt to each ham." + }, + { + "id": 9728, + "la": "In fundo dolii aut seriae sale sternito, deinde pernam ponito, cutis deosum spectet, sale obruito totam", + "en": "Spread salt on the bottom of the jar or pot; then lay a ham, with the skin facing downwards, and cover the whole with salt." + }, + { + "id": 9729, + "la": "Deinde alteram insuper ponito, eodem modo obruito", + "en": "Place another ham over it and cover in the same way," + }, + { + "id": 9730, + "la": "Caveto ne caro carnem tangat", + "en": "taking care that meat does not touch meat." + }, + { + "id": 9731, + "la": "Ita omnes obruito", + "en": "Continue in the same way until all are covered." + }, + { + "id": 9732, + "la": "Ubi iam omnes conposueris, sale insuper obrue, ne caro appareat; aequale facito", + "en": "When you have arranged them all, spread salt above so that the meat shall not show, and level the whole." + }, + { + "id": 9733, + "la": "Ubi iam dies quinque in sale fuerint, eximito omnis cum suo sale", + "en": "When they have remained five days in the salt remove them all with their own salt." + }, + { + "id": 9734, + "la": "Quae tum summae fuerint, imas facito eodemque modo obruito et conponito", + "en": "Place at the bottom those which had been on top before, covering and arranging them as before." + }, + { + "id": 9735, + "la": "Post dies omnino XII pernas eximito et salem omnem detergeto et suspendito in vento biduum", + "en": "Twelve days later take them out finally, brush off all the salt, and hang them for two days in a draught." + }, + { + "id": 9736, + "la": "Die tertio extergeto spongea bene, perunguito oleo, suspendito in fumo biduum", + "en": "On the third day clean them thoroughly with a sponge and rub with oil. Hang them in smoke for two days," + }, + { + "id": 9737, + "la": "Tertio die demito, perunguito oleo et aceto conmixto, suspendito in carnario", + "en": "and the third day take them down, rub with a mixture of oil and vinegar, and hang in the meat-house." + }, + { + "id": 9738, + "la": "Nec tinia nec vermes tangent", + "en": "No moths or worms will touch them." + }, + { + "id": 9739, + "la": "Cvi dono lepidum novum libellum arido modo pumice expolitum?", + "en": "To whom am I to present my pretty new book, freshly smoothed off with dry pumice-stone?" + }, + { + "id": 9740, + "la": "Corneli, tibi: namque tu solebas meas esse aliquid putare nugas, iam tum cum ausus es unus Italorum omne aevum tribus explicare chartis doctis, Iuppiter, et laboriosis", + "en": "To you, Cornelius: for you used to think that my trifles were worth something, long ago, when you took courage, you alone of Italians, to set forth the whole history of the world in three volumes, learned volumes, by Jupiter, and laboriously wrought." + }, + { + "id": 9741, + "la": "quare habe tibi quicquid hoc libelli, qualecumque; quod, o patrona virgo, plus uno maneat perenne saeclo", + "en": "So take and keep for your own this little book, such as it is, and whatever it is worth; and may it, O Virgin my patroness, live and last for more than one century." + }, + { + "id": 9742, + "la": "Passer, deliciae meae puellae, quicum ludere, quem in sinu tenere, cui primum digitum dare appetenti et acris solet incitare morsus cum desiderio meo nitenti carum nescio quid lubet iocari, credo ut, cum gravis acquiescet ardor, sit solaciolum sui doloris, tecum ludere sicut ipsa possem et tristis animi levare curas!", + "en": "Sparrow, my ladys pet, with whom she often plays whilst she holds you in her lap, or gives you her fingertip to peck and provokes you to bite sharply, whenever she, the bright-shining lady of my love, has a mind for some sweet pretty play, in hope, as I think, that when the sharper smart of love abates, she may find some small relief from her pain'ah, might I1 but play with you as she does, and lighten the gloomy cares of my heart!" + }, + { + "id": 9743, + "la": "Tam gratumst mihi quam ferunt puellae pernici aureolum fuisse malum, quod zonam soluit diu ligatam", + "en": "This is as welcome to me as to the swift maiden was (they say) the golden apple, which loosed her girdle too long tied." + }, + { + "id": 9744, + "la": "Lvgete, o Veneres Cupidinesque, et quantumst hominum venustiorum", + "en": "Mourn, ye Graces and Loves, and all you whom the Graces love." + }, + { + "id": 9745, + "la": "passer mortuus est meae puellae, passer, deliciae meae puellae, quem plus illa oculis suis amabat:", + "en": "My ladys sparrow is dead, the sparrow my ladys pet, whom she loved more than her very eyes;" + }, + { + "id": 9746, + "la": "nam mellitus erat suamque norat ipsam tam bene quam puella matrem;", + "en": "for honey-sweet he was, and knew his mistress as well as a girl knows her own mother." + }, + { + "id": 9747, + "la": "nec sese a gremio illius movebat, sed circumsiliens modo huc modo illuc ad solam dominam usque pipiabat", + "en": "Nor would he stir from her lap, but hopping now here, now there, would still chirp to his mistress alone." + }, + { + "id": 9748, + "la": "qui nunc it per iter tenebricosum illuc, unde negant redire quemquam", + "en": "Now he goes along the dark road, thither whence they say no one returns." + }, + { + "id": 9749, + "la": "at vobis male sit, malae tenebrae Orci, quae omnia bella devoratis: tam bellum mihi passerem abstulistis", + "en": "But curse upon you, cursed shades of Orcus, which devour all pretty things! Such a pretty sparrow you have taken away." + }, + { + "id": 9750, + "la": "o factum male! o miselle passer!", + "en": "Ah, cruel! Ah, poor little bird!" + }, + { + "id": 9751, + "la": "tua nunc opera meae puellae flendo turgiduli rubent ocelli", + "en": "All because of you my ladys darling eyes are heavy and red with weeping." + }, + { + "id": 9752, + "la": "Phaselvs ille quem videtis, hospites, ait fuisse navium celerrimus, neque ullius natantis impetum trabis nequisse praeterire, sive palmulis opus foret volare sive linteo", + "en": "The pinnace you see, my friends, says that she was once the fleetest of ships, and that there was never any timber afloat whose speed she was not able to pass, whether she would fly with oar-blades or with canvas." + }, + { + "id": 9753, + "la": "et hoc negat minacis Hadriatici negare litus insulasve Cycladas Rhodumque nobilem horridamque Thraciam Propontida, trucemve Ponticum sinum, ubi iste post phaselus antea fuit comata silva:", + "en": "And this (says she) the shore of the blustering Adriatic does not deny, nor the Cyclad isles and famous Rhodes and the wild Thracian Propontis, nor the gloomy gulf of Pontus, where she who was afterwards a pinnace was formerly a leafy forest:" + }, + { + "id": 9754, + "la": "nam Cytorio in iugo loquente saepe sibilum edidit coma", + "en": "for on the height of Cytorus she often rustled with talking leaves." + }, + { + "id": 9755, + "la": "Amastri Pontica et Cytore buxifer, tibi haec fuisse et esse cognitissima ait phaselus;", + "en": "Pontic Amastris and Cytorus green with box, my galley says that all this was and is well known to thee;" + }, + { + "id": 9756, + "la": "ultima ex origine tuo stetisse dicit in cacumine, tuo imbuisse palmulas in aequore, et inde tot per impotentia freta erum tulisse, laeva sive dextera vocaret aura, sive utrumque Iuppiter simul secundus incidisset in pedem;", + "en": "she says that from her earliest birthtime she stood on thy summit, in thy waters first dipped her blades, and thence over so many riotous seas brought her owner, whether the breeze from left or right invited, or Jove came down astern on both sheets at once;" + }, + { + "id": 9757, + "la": "neque ulla vota litoralibus deis sibi esse facta, cum veniret a mari novissime hunc ad usque limpidum lacum", + "en": "and that no vows to the gods of the shore had been made for her when at the last she was sailing from the sea even to this limpid lake." + }, + { + "id": 9758, + "la": "sed haec prius fuere: nunc recondita senet quiete seque dedicat tibi, gemelle Castor et gemelle Castoris", + "en": "But these things are past and gone; now she rests in old age and retired leisure, and dedicates herself to thee, twin Castor, and to thee, Castors twin." + }, + { + "id": 9759, + "la": "Vivamvs, mea Lesbia, atque amemus, rumoresque senum severiorum omnes unius aestimemus assis", + "en": "Let us live, my Lesbia, and love, and value at one farthing all the talk of crabbed old men." + }, + { + "id": 9760, + "la": "soles occidere et redire possunt: nobis, cum semel occidit brevis lux, nox est perpetua una dormienda", + "en": "Suns may set and rise again. For us, when the short light has once set, remains to be slept the sleep of one unbroken night." + }, + { + "id": 9761, + "la": "da mi basia mille, deinde centum, dein mille altera, dein secunda centum, deinde usque altera mille, deinde centum dein, cum milia multa fecerimus, conturbabimus illa, ne sciamus, aut nequis malus invidere possit, cum tantum sciat esse basiorum", + "en": "Give me a thousand kisses, then a hundred, then another thousand, then a second hundred, then yet another thousand, then a hundred. Then, when we have made up many thousands, we will confuse our counting, that we may not know the reckoning, nor any malicious person blight them with evil eye, when he knows that our kisses are so many." + }, + { + "id": 9762, + "la": "Flavi, delicias tuas Catullo, ni sint illepidae atque inelegantes, velles dicere, nec tacere posses, verum nescio quid febriculosi scorti diligis: hoc pudet fateri", + "en": "Flavius, if it were not that your mistress is rustic and unrefined, you would want to speak of her to your Catullus; you would not be able to help it. But (I am sure) you are in love with some unhealthy-looking wench; and you are ashamed to confess it." + }, + { + "id": 9763, + "la": "nam te non viduas iacere noctes nequiquam taciturn, cubile clamat sertis ac Syrio fragrans olivo, pulvinusque peraeque et hic et illic attritus, tremulique quassa lecti argutatio inambulatioque", + "en": "For that you are not spending nights on your own the bed, vainly dumb, cries out aloud, perfumed as it is with garlands and Syrian scent, as do the dents right and left on the bolster, and the chattering and shuffling of the rickety bed when shaken." + }, + { + "id": 9764, + "la": "nil perstare valet, nihil tacere cur?", + "en": "Its no use standing fast in denial, no use being silent. You ask why?" + }, + { + "id": 9765, + "la": "non tam latera ecfututa pandas, ni tu quid facias ineptiarum quare quicquid habes boni malique, dic nobis, volo te ac tuos amores ad caelum lepido vocare versu", + "en": "Well, you wouldnt present such a debauched sight unless you were up to some fancy capers. Well then, whatever you have to tell, good or bad, let me know it. I wish to call you and your love to the skies by the power of my merry verse." + }, + { + "id": 9766, + "la": "Qvaeris, quot mihi basiationes tuae, Lesbia, sint satis superque", + "en": "You ask how many kissings of you, Lesbia, are enough for me and more than enough." + }, + { + "id": 9767, + "la": "quam magnus numerus Libyssae harenae lasarpiciferis iacet Cyrenis, oraclum Iovis inter aestuosi et Batti veteris sacrum sepulcrum, aut quam sidera multa, cum tacet nox, furtivos hominum vident amores, tam te basia multa basiare vesano satis et super Catullost, quae nec pernumerare curiosi possint nec mala fascinare lingua", + "en": "As great as is the number of the Libyan sand that lies on silphium-bearing Cyrene, between the oracle of sultry Jove and the sacred tomb of old Battus; or as many as are the stars, when night is silent, that see the stolen loves of men,'to kiss you with so many kisses, Lesbia, is enough and more than enough for your mad Catullus; kisses, which neither curious eyes shall count up nor an evil tongue bewitch." + }, + { + "id": 9768, + "la": "Miser Catulle, desinas ineptire, et quod vides perisse perditum ducas", + "en": "Poor Catullus, tis time you should cease your folly, and account as lost what you see is lost." + }, + { + "id": 9769, + "la": "fulsere quondam candidi tibi soles, cum ventitabas quo puella ducebat amata nobis quantum amabitur nulla", + "en": "Once the days shone bright on you, when you used to go so often where my mistress led, she who was loved by me as none will ever be loved." + }, + { + "id": 9770, + "la": "ibi illa multa tum iocosa fiebant, quae tu volebas nec puella nolebat", + "en": "There and then were given us those joys, so many, so merry, which you desired nor did my lady not desire." + }, + { + "id": 9771, + "la": "fulsere vere candidi tibi soles", + "en": "Bright for you, truly, shone the days." + }, + { + "id": 9772, + "la": "nunc iam illa non vult: tu quoque impotens, nec quae fugit sectare, nec miser vive, sed obstinata mente perfer, obdura", + "en": "Now she desires no more'no more should you desire, poor madman, nor follow her who flees, nor live in misery, but with resolved mind endure, be firm." + }, + { + "id": 9773, + "la": "vale, puella", + "en": "Farewell, my mistress;" + }, + { + "id": 9774, + "la": "iam Catullus obdurat, nec te requiret nec rogabit invitam: at tu dolebis, cum rogaberis nulla, scelesta, vae te", + "en": "now Catullus is firm; he will not seek you nor ask you against your will. But you will be sorry, when you are a nobody in favours asked for. Ah, poor wretch!" + }, + { + "id": 9775, + "la": "quae tibi manet vita?", + "en": "what life is left for you?" + }, + { + "id": 9776, + "la": "quis nunc te adibit?", + "en": "Who now will visit you?" + }, + { + "id": 9777, + "la": "cui videberis bella?", + "en": "to whom will you seem fair?" + }, + { + "id": 9778, + "la": "quern nunc amabis?", + "en": "whom now will you love?" + }, + { + "id": 9779, + "la": "cuius esse diceris?", + "en": "by whose name will you be called?" + }, + { + "id": 9780, + "la": "quem basiabis?", + "en": "whom will you kiss?" + }, + { + "id": 9781, + "la": "cui labella mordebis?", + "en": "whose lips will you bite?" + }, + { + "id": 9782, + "la": "at tu, Catulle, destinatus obdura", + "en": "But you, Catullus, be resolved and firm." + }, + { + "id": 9783, + "la": "Verani, omnibus e meis amicis antestans mihi milibus trecentis, venistine domum ad tuos Penates fratresque unanimos anumque matrem?", + "en": "Veranius, the foremost by three hundred miles [i.e. by light-years] out of all my friends, have you then come home to your own hearth and your affectionate brothers and your aged mother?" + }, + { + "id": 9784, + "la": "venisti o mihi nuntii beati!", + "en": "You have indeed; O joyful news to me!" + }, + { + "id": 9785, + "la": "visam te incolumem audiamque Hiberum narrantem loca, facta, nationes, ut mos est tuus, applicansque collum iucundum os oculosque saviabor", + "en": "I shall look upon you safe returned, and hear you telling of the country, the history, the various tribes of the Hiberians, as is your way, and drawing your neck nearer to me I shall kiss your beloved mouth and eyes." + }, + { + "id": 9786, + "la": "o quantumst hominum beatiorum, quid me laetius est beatiusve?", + "en": "Oh, of all men more blest than others, who is more glad, more blest than I?" + }, + { + "id": 9787, + "la": "Varvs me meus ad suos amores visum duxerat e foro otiosum, scortillum, ut mihi tum repente visumst, non sane illepidum neque invenustum", + "en": "My dear Varus had taken me from the Forum, where I was idling, to pay a visit to his mistress, a proper tart, as I realised at a glance, but not without wit or charm." + }, + { + "id": 9788, + "la": "huc ut venimus, incidere nobis sermones varii;", + "en": "When we got there, we fell talking of this and that, and amongst other things," + }, + { + "id": 9789, + "la": "in quibus, quid esset iam Bithynia, quo modo se haberet, ecquonam mihi profuisset aere, respondi, id quod erat, nihil neque ipsis nunc praetoribus esse nec cohorti cur quisquam caput unctius referret, praesertim quibus esset irrumator praetor, nec faceret pili cohortem", + "en": "what sort of place Bithynia was now, how its affairs were going on, whether I had made any money there. I answered (what was true) that now neither praetors themselves nor their staff can find any means of coming back fatter than they went, especially as they had such a beast for a praetor, a fellow who did not care a straw for his subalterns." + }, + { + "id": 9790, + "la": "at certe tamen, inquiunt, quod illic natum dicitur esse, comparasti ad lecticam homines.", + "en": "Well, but at any rate, say they, you must have got some bearers for your chair. I am told that is the country where they are bred." + }, + { + "id": 9791, + "la": "ego, ut puellae unum me facerem beatiorem, non inquam mihi tam fuit maligne, ut, provincia quod mala incidisset, non possem octo homines parare rectos.", + "en": "I, to make myself out to the girl as specially fortunate above the rest, say, Things did not go so unkindly with me'bad as the province was which fell to my chance'as to prevent my getting eight straight-backed fellows." + }, + { + "id": 9792, + "la": "at mi nullus erat nec hic neque illic, fractum qui veteris pedem grabati in collo sibi collocare posset", + "en": "Now I had not a single one, here or there, strong enough to hoist on his shoulder the broken leg of an old sofa." + }, + { + "id": 9793, + "la": "hic illa, ut decuit cinaediorem, quaeso, inquit mihi mi Catulle, paulum istos commoda! nam volo ad Serapim deferri.", + "en": "At this, just like the shameless hussy she was, Please, says she to me, dear Catullus, do lend those slaves you speak of for a moment, for I want to be taken to the temple of Serapis." + }, + { + "id": 9794, + "la": "mane, inquii puellae, istud quod modo dixeram me habere, fugit me ratio: meus sodalis 'Cinnast Gaius'is sibi paravit", + "en": "Stop, said I to the girl, what I said just now about those slaves, that they were mine, it was a slip; there is a friend of mine'Gaius Cinna that is'its he who brought them." + }, + { + "id": 9795, + "la": "verum, utrum illius an mei, quid ad me?", + "en": "But whether his or mine," + }, + { + "id": 9796, + "la": "utor tam bene quam mihi paratis", + "en": "I use them just as if I had bought them:" + }, + { + "id": 9797, + "la": "sed tu insulsa male ac molesta vivis, per quam non licet esse neglegentem.", + "en": "but you are damned awkward and a nuisance, who will never let a fellow be off his guard." + }, + { + "id": 9798, + "la": "Fvri et Aureli, comites Catulli, sive in extremos penetrabit Indos, litus ut longe resonante Eoa tunditur unda, sive in Hyrcanos Arabasve molles, seu Sagas sagittiferosque Parthos, sive quae septemgeminus colorat aequora Nilus, sive trans altas gradietur Alpes, Caesaris visens monimenta magni, Gallicum Rhenum, horribilesque ulti mosque Britannos, omnia haec, quaecumque feret voluntas caelitum, temptare simul parati, pauca nuntiate meae puellae non bona dicta", + "en": "Furius and Aurelius, who will be Catulluss fellow-travellers, whether he makes his way even to distant India, where the shore is beaten by the far-resounding eastern wave, or to Hyrcania and soft Arabia, or to the Sacae and archer Parthians, or those plains which sevenfold Nile dyes with his flood, or whether he will tramp across the high Alps, to visit the memorials of great Caesar, the Gaulish Rhine, the formidable Britons, remotest of men'O my friends, ready as you are to encounter all these risks with me, whatever the will of the gods above shall bring, take a little message, not a kind message, to my mistress." + }, + { + "id": 9799, + "la": "cum suis vivat valeatque moechis, quos simul complexa tenet trecentos, nullum amans vere, sed identidem omnium ilia rumpens:", + "en": "Bid her live and be happy with her paramours, three hundred of whom she holds at once in her embrace, not loving one of them really, but again and again draining the strength of all." + }, + { + "id": 9800, + "la": "nec meum respectet, ut ante, amorem, qui illius culpa cecidit velut prati ultimi flos, praeter eunte postquam tactus aratrost", + "en": "And let her not look to find my love, as before; my love, which by her fault has dropped, like a flower on the meadows edge, when it has been touched by the plough passing by." + }, + { + "id": 9801, + "la": "Marrvcine Asini, manu sinistra non belle uteris in ioco atque vino: tollis lintea neglegentiorum", + "en": "Asinius Marrucinus, you do not make a pretty use of your left hand when we are laughing and drinking; you take away the napkins of people who are off their guard." + }, + { + "id": 9802, + "la": "hoc salsum esse putas?", + "en": "Do you think this is a good joke?" + }, + { + "id": 9803, + "la": "fugit te, inepte: quamvis sordida res et invenustast", + "en": "You are mistaken, you silly fellow; it is ever so ill-bred, and in the worst taste." + }, + { + "id": 9804, + "la": "non credis mihi?", + "en": "You dont believe me?" + }, + { + "id": 9805, + "la": "crede Pollioni fratri, qui tua furta vel talento mutari velit: est enim leporum differtus puer ac facetiarum", + "en": "believe your brother Pollio, who would be glad to have your thefts redeemed at the cost of a whole talent; for he is a boy who is brimful of all that is witty and amusing." + }, + { + "id": 9806, + "la": "quare aut hendecasyllabos trecentos expecta aut mihi linteum remitte;", + "en": "So now either look out for three hundred hendecasyllables, or send me back my napkin'" + }, + { + "id": 9807, + "la": "quod me non movet aestimatione, verumst mnemosynum mei sodalis", + "en": "which does not concern me for what it is worth, but because it is a keepsake from my old friend;" + }, + { + "id": 9808, + "la": "nam sudaria Saetaba ex Hiberis miserunt mihi muneri Fabullus et Veranius: haec amem necessest ut Veraniolum meum et Fabullum", + "en": "for Fabullus and Veranius sent me some Saetaban napkins as a present from Spain. How can I help being fond of these, as I am of my dear Veranius and Fabullus?" + }, + { + "id": 9809, + "la": "Cenabis bene, mi Fabulle, apud me paucis, si tibi di favent, diebus, si tecum attuleris bonam atque magnam cenam, non sine candida puella et vino et sale et omnibus cachinnis", + "en": "You shall have a good dinner at my house, Fabullus, in a few days, please the gods, if you bring with you a good dinner and plenty of it, not forgetting a pretty girl and wine and wit and all kinds of laughter." + }, + { + "id": 9810, + "la": "haec si, inquam, attuleris, venuste noster, cenabis bene: nam tui Catulli plenus sacculus est aranearum", + "en": "If, I say, you bring all this, my charming friend, you shall have a good dinner; for the purse of your Catullus is full of cobwebs." + }, + { + "id": 9811, + "la": "sed contra accipies meros amores seu quid suavius elegantiusvest: nam unguentum dabo, quod meae puellae donarunt Veneres Cupidinesque, quod tu cum olfacies, deos rogabis, totum ut te faciant, Fabulle, nasum", + "en": "But on the other hand you shall have from me loves very essence, or what is sweeter or more delicious than love, if sweeter there be; for I will give you some perfume which the Venuses and Loves gave to my lady; and when you snuff its fragrance, you will pray the gods to make you, Fabullus, nothing but nose." + }, + { + "id": 9812, + "la": "Ni te plus oculis meis amarem, iucundissime Calve, munere isto odissem te odio Vatiniano:", + "en": "If I did not love you more than my own eyes, my dearest Calvus, I should hate you, as we all hate Vatinius, because of this gift of yours;" + }, + { + "id": 9813, + "la": "nam quid feci ego quidve sum locutus, cur me tot male perderes poetis?", + "en": "for what have I done, or what have I said, that you should bring destruction upon me with all these poets?" + }, + { + "id": 9814, + "la": "isti di mala multa dent clienti, qui tantum tibi misit impiorum", + "en": "May the gods send down all their plagues upon that client of yours who sent you such a set of sinners." + }, + { + "id": 9815, + "la": "quod si, ut suspicor, hoc novum ac repertum munus dat tibi Sulla litterator, non est mi male, sed bene ac beate, quod non dispereunt tui labores", + "en": "But if, as I suspect, this new and choice present is given you by Sulla the schoolmaster, then I am not vexed, but well and happy, because your labours are not lost." + }, + { + "id": 9816, + "la": "di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum, quem tu scilicet ad tuum Catullum misti, continuo ut die periret Saturnalibus, optimo dierum! non non hoc tibi, salse, sic abibit:", + "en": "Great gods! what a portentous and accursed book! And this was the book which you sent your Catullus, to kill him off on the very next day of the Saturnalia, best of days. No, no, you rogue, this shall not end so for you." + }, + { + "id": 9817, + "la": "nam, si luxerit, ad librariorum curram scrinia, Caesios, Aquinos, Suffenum, omnia colligam venena, ac te his suppliciis remunerabor", + "en": "For let the morning only come'I will be off to the shelves of the booksellers, sweep together Caesii, Aquini, Suffenus, and all such poisonous stuff, and with these penalties will I pay you back for your gift." + }, + { + "id": 9818, + "la": "vos hinc interea valete abite illuc, unde malum pedem attulistis, saecli incommoda, pessimi poetae", + "en": "You poets, meantime, farewell, away with you, back to that ill place whence you brought your cursed feet, you burdens of our age, you worst of poets." + }, + { + "id": 9819, + "la": "Commendo tibi me ac meos amores, Aureli", + "en": "To you, Aurelius, I entrust my all, even my loved one," + }, + { + "id": 9820, + "la": "veniam peto pudenter, ut, si quicquam animo tuo cupisti, quod castum expeteres et integellum, conserves puerum mihi pudice, non dico a populo:", + "en": "and I ask a favour of you, a modest favour. If you have ever with all your soul desired to keep anything pure and free from stain, then guard my darling now in safety'I dont mean from the vulgar throng;" + }, + { + "id": 9821, + "la": "nihil veremur istos, qui in platea modo huc modo illuc in re praetereunt sua occupati:", + "en": "I have no fear of such as pass to and fro our streets absorbed in their own business." + }, + { + "id": 9822, + "la": "verum a te metuo tuoque pene infesto pueris bonis malisque", + "en": "Tis you I fear, you and your penis, so ready to molest good boys and bad alike." + }, + { + "id": 9823, + "la": "quem tu qua lubet, ut lubet, moveto, quantum vis, ubi erit foris, paratum: hunc unum excipio, ut puto, pudenter", + "en": "Set it in motion to your hearts content, where and how you please when you walk abroad. This one boy I would have you spare: methinks tis a modest request." + }, + { + "id": 9824, + "la": "quod si te mala mens furorque vecors in tantam inpulerit, sceleste, culpam, ut nostrum insidiis caput lacessas, a tum te miserum malique fati, quem attractis pedibus patente porta percurrent raphanique mugilesque!", + "en": "And if infatuate frenzy drive you to the heinous crime of treason against me, ah! then I pity you for your sad fate. For before the citys gaze with fettered feet you shall be tortured as cruelly as an adulterer." + }, + { + "id": 9825, + "la": "Pedicabo ego vos et irrumabo, Aureli pathice et cinaede Furi, qui me ex versiculis meis putastis, quod sunt molliculi, parum pudicum", + "en": "Ill bugger you and stuff you, you catamite Aurelius and you pervert Furius, who have supposed me to be immodest, on account of my verses, because these are rather naughty." + }, + { + "id": 9826, + "la": "nam castum esse decet pium poetam ipsum, versiculos nihil necessest", + "en": "For the sacred poet ought to be chaste himself, though his poems need not be so." + }, + { + "id": 9827, + "la": "qui tum denique habent salem ac leporem, si sunt molliculi ac parum pudici et quod pruriat incitare possunt, non dico pueris, sed his pilosis, qui duros nequeunt movere lumbos", + "en": "Why, they only acquire wit and spice if they are rather naughty and immodest, and can rouse with their ticklings, I dont mean boys, but those hairy old uns unable to stir their arthritic loins." + }, + { + "id": 9828, + "la": "vos, quod milia multa basiorum legistis, male me marem putatis?", + "en": "Because youve read of my many thousand kisses, do you think Im less virile on that account?" + }, + { + "id": 9829, + "la": "pedicabo ego vos et irrumabo", + "en": "Yes, Ill bugger you and stuff you all right!" + }, + { + "id": 9830, + "la": "O Colonia, quae cupis ponte ludere longo, et salire paratum habes, sed vereris inepta crura ponticuli axulis stantis in redivivis, ne supinus eat cavaque in palude recumbat sic tibi bonus ex tua pons libidine fiat, in quo vel Salisubsili sacra suscipiantur: munus hoc mihi maximi da, Colonia, risus", + "en": "O Colonia, you who wish to have a long bridge on which to celebrate your games, and are quite ready to dance, but fear the ill-jointed legs of your little bridge, standing as it does on old posts done up again, lest it should fall sprawling and sink down in the depths of the mire;'may you have a good bridge made for you according to your desire, one on which the rites of Salisubsilus himself may be undertaken, on condition that you grant me this gift, Colonia, to make me laugh my loudest." + }, + { + "id": 9831, + "la": "quendam municipem meum de tuo volo ponte ire praecipitem in lutum per caputque pedesque, verum totius ut lacus putidaeque paludis lividissima maximeque est profunda vorago", + "en": "There is a townsman of mine whom I wish to go headlong from your bridge over head and heels into the mud;'only let it be where is the blackest and deepest pit of the whole bog with its stinking morass." + }, + { + "id": 9832, + "la": "insulsissimus est homo, nec sapit pueri instar bimuli tremula patris dormientis in ulna", + "en": "The fellow is a perfect blockhead, and has not as much sense as a little baby two years old sleeping in the rocking arms of his father." + }, + { + "id": 9833, + "la": "cui cum sit viridissimo nupta flore puella' et puella tenellulo delicatior haedo, asservanda nigerrimis diligentius uvis,' ludere hanc sinit ut lubet, nec pili facit uni, nec se sublevat ex sua parte, sed velut alnus in fossa Liguri iacet suppernata securi, tantundem omnia sentiens quam si nulla sit usquam, talis iste merus stupor nil videt, nihil audit, ipse qui sit, utrum sit an non sit, id quoque nescit", + "en": "He has for wife a girl in the freshest flower of youth,'a girl too, more exquisite than a tender kidling, one who ought to be guarded more diligently than ripest grapes,'and he lets her play as she will, and does not care one straw, and for his part does not stir himself, but lies like an alder in a ditch hamstrung by a Ligurian axe, with just as much perception of everything as if it did not exist anywhere at all. Like this, my booby sees nothing, hears nothing; what he himself is, whether he is or is not, he does not know so much as this." + }, + { + "id": 9834, + "la": "nunc eum volo de tuo ponte mittere pronum, si pote stolidum repente excitare veternum et supinum animum in gravi derelinquere caeno, ferream ut soleam tenaci in voragine mula", + "en": "He it is whom I want now to send head foremost from your bridge, to try whether he can all in a moment wake up his stupid lethargy, and leave his sluggish mind there in the nasty sludge, as a mule leaves her iron shoe in the sticky mire." + }, + { + "id": 9835, + "la": "Avreli, pater esuritionum, non harum modo, sed quot aut fuerunt aut sunt aut aliis erunt in annis", + "en": "Aurelius, father of all starvations, not these only by all that have been or are or shall be in future years," + }, + { + "id": 9836, + "la": "pedicare cupis meos amores", + "en": "you wish to sport with my favourite." + }, + { + "id": 9837, + "la": "nec clam: nam simul es, iocaris una, haerens ad latus omnia experiris", + "en": "And not on the quiet: you keep with him, jest in his company, you stick close to his side and leave nothing untried." + }, + { + "id": 9838, + "la": "frustra: nam insidias mihi instruentem tangam te prior irrumatione", + "en": "All in vain: as you plot against me, Ill have at you first." + }, + { + "id": 9839, + "la": "atque id si faceres satur, tacerem: nunc ipsum id doleo, quod esurire me me puer et sitire discet", + "en": "If you had your belly full I should say nothing; as it is, what annoys me is that the lad will learn how to be hungry and thirsty." + }, + { + "id": 9840, + "la": "quare desine, dum licet pudico, ne finem facias, sed irrumatus", + "en": "Stop, then, while you decently can, or you will finish up by getting stuffed." + }, + { + "id": 9841, + "la": "Svffenvs iste, Vare, quem probe nosti, homost venustus et dicax et urbanus, idemque longe plurimos facit versus", + "en": "That Suffenus, Varus, whom you know very well, is a charming fellow, and has wit and good manners. He also makes many more verses than any one else." + }, + { + "id": 9842, + "la": "puto esse ego illi milia aut decem aut plura perscripta, nec sic ut fit in palimpsesto relata:", + "en": "I suppose he has got some ten thousand or even more written out in full, and not, as is often done, put down on used sheets;" + }, + { + "id": 9843, + "la": "chartae regiae, novi libri, novi umbilici, lora rubra, membranae, derecta plumbo, et pumice omnia aequata", + "en": "imperial paper, new rolls, new bosses, red ties, parchment wrappers;1 all ruled with lead and smoothed with pumice." + }, + { + "id": 9844, + "la": "haec cum legas tu, bellus ille et urbanus Suffenus unus caprimulgus aut fossor rursus videtur: tantum abhorret ac mutat", + "en": "When you come to read these, the fashionable well-bred Suffenus I spoke of this time seems to be nothing but any goatherd or ditcher; so unlike himself and changed he is." + }, + { + "id": 9845, + "la": "hoc quid putemus esse?", + "en": "How are we to account for this?" + }, + { + "id": 9846, + "la": "qui modo scurra aut siquid hac re scitius videbatur, idem infacetost infacetior rure, simul poemata attigit;", + "en": "The same man who was just now a dinner-table wit or someone (if such there be) even smarter, is more clumsy than the clumsy country, whenever he touches poetry;" + }, + { + "id": 9847, + "la": "neque idem umquam aequest beatus ac poema cum scribit: tam gaudet in se tamque se ipse miratur", + "en": "and at the same time he is never so happy as when he is writing a poem, he delights in himself and admires himself so much." + }, + { + "id": 9848, + "la": "nimirum idem omnes fallimur, nequest quisquam quem non in aliqua re videre Suffenum possis", + "en": "True enough, we all are under the same delusion, and there is no one whom you may not see to be a Suffenus in one thing or another." + }, + { + "id": 9849, + "la": "suus cuique attributus est error: sed non videmus manticae quod in tergost", + "en": "Everybody has his own delusion assigned to him: but we do not see that part of the bag which hangs on our back." + }, + { + "id": 9850, + "la": "Fvri, cui neque servus est neque arca nec cimex neque araneus neque ignis, verumst et pater et noverca, quorum dentes vel silicem comesse possunt, est pulcre tibi cum tuo parente et cum coniuge lignea parentis", + "en": "Furius, you who have neither a slave, nor a money-box, nor a bug, nor a spider, nor a fire, but who have a father and a stepmother too, whose teeth can chew even a flintstone, you lead a merry life with your father and that dry stick, your fathers wife." + }, + { + "id": 9851, + "la": "nec mirum: bene nam valetis omnes, pulcre concoquitis, nihil timetis, non incendia, non graves ruinas, non facta impia, non dolos veneni, non casus alios periculorum", + "en": "No wonder: you all enjoy the best health, your digestions are excellent, you have nothing to be afraid of; fires, dilapidations, wanton acts, plots to poison you, other chances of danger." + }, + { + "id": 9852, + "la": "atqui corpora sicciora cornu aut siquid magis aridumst habetis sole et frigore et esuritione", + "en": "And beside this, your bodies are as dry as horn, or drier still if drier thing there be, what with sun and cold and fasting." + }, + { + "id": 9853, + "la": "quare non tibi sit bene ac beate?", + "en": "How can you, Furius, be otherwise than well and prosperous?" + }, + { + "id": 9854, + "la": "a te sudor abest, abest saliva, mucusque et mala pituita nasi, hanc ad munditiem adde mundiorem, quod cuius tibi purior salillost, nec toto decies cacas in anno, atque id durius est faba et lapillis;", + "en": "You are free from sweat and slobber, from catarrh and an annoying runny nose. Add to this cleanliness one still cleaner, since your backside is shinier than a saltcellar, for you shit less than ten times a year and then something harder than beans or stones," + }, + { + "id": 9855, + "la": "quod tu si manibus teras fricesque, non umquam digitum inquinare possis", + "en": "which if you were to rub and crumble in your hands, youd never be able to dirty a finger." + }, + { + "id": 9856, + "la": "haec tu commoda tam beata, Furi, noli spernere nec putare parvi, et sestertia quae soles precari centum desine;", + "en": "Since you have such blessings as these, Furius, do not despise them or think lightly of them; and cease to pray, as you do, for the hundred sestertia;" + }, + { + "id": 9857, + "la": "nam sat es beatus", + "en": "for you are quite well off enough as it is." + }, + { + "id": 9858, + "la": "Oqvi flosculus es Iuventiorum, non horum modo, sed quot aut fuerunt aut posthac aliis erunt in annis, mallem divitias Midae dedisses isti, cui neque servus est neque arca, quam sic te sineres ab illo amari", + "en": "You who are the flower of the Juventii, not only of those we know, but of all who either have been or shall be hereafter in other years,'I had rather you had given the riches of Midas to that fellow who has neither servant nor money-box, that so allow yourself to be courted by him." + }, + { + "id": 9859, + "la": "quid? non est homo bellus? inquies", + "en": "What? is he not a fine gentleman? you will say." + }, + { + "id": 9860, + "la": "est: sed bello huic neque servus est neque arca", + "en": "Oh, yes; but this fine gentleman has neither a servant nor a money-box." + }, + { + "id": 9861, + "la": "hoc tu quamlubet abice elevaque: nec servum tamen ille habet neque arcam", + "en": "You may put this aside and make as little of it as you like: for all that, he has neither a servant nor a money-box." + }, + { + "id": 9862, + "la": "Cinaede Thalle, mollior cuniculi capillo vel anseris medullula vel imula oricilla vel pene languido senis situque araneoso, idemque Thalle, turbida rapacior procella, cum diva mulier aries ostendit oscitantes, remitte pallium mihi meum, quod involasti,", + "en": "Effeminate Thallus, softer than rabbits fur or down of goose or lap of ear, or dotards drooping penis and its dusty cobwebs; and also, Thallus, more ravenous than a sweeping storm when a well-stocked clothes-chest exhibits gaping cracks, send me back my cloak which you pounced upon," + }, + { + "id": 9863, + "la": "sudariumque Saetabum catagraphosque Thynos, inepte, quae palam soles habere tamquam avita quae nunc tuis ab unguibus reglutina et remitte,", + "en": "and my Saetaban napkin and Bithynian tablets, you silly fellow, which you keep by you and make a show of them, as if they were heirlooms." + }, + { + "id": 9864, + "la": "ne laneum latusculum manusque mollicellas inusta turpiter tibi conscribilent flagella, et insolenter aestues velut minuta magno deprensa navis in mari vesaniente vento", + "en": "Unglue and let drop these at once from your claws, lest your soft downy flanks and pretty tender hands should have ugly figures branded and scrawled on them by the whip, and lest you should toss about as you are little used to do, like a tiny boat caught in the vast sea, when the wind is madly raging." + }, + { + "id": 9865, + "la": "Fvri, villula nostra non ad Austri flatus oppositast neque ad Favoni nec saevi Boreae aut Apheliotae, verum ad milia quindecim et ducentos", + "en": "Furius, your farm has not been put up against the blasts of Auster nor Favonius nor fierce Boreas or Apheliotes, but against a mortgage of a cool fifteen thousand two hundred." + }, + { + "id": 9866, + "la": "o ventum horribilem atque pestilentem!", + "en": "What a horrid dangerous draught!" + }, + { + "id": 9867, + "la": "Minister vetuli puer Falerni inger mi calices amariores, ut lex Postumiae iubet magistrae, ebrioso acino ebriosioris", + "en": "Come, boy, you who serve out the old Falernian, fill up stronger cups for me, as the law of Postumia, mistress of the revels, ordains, Postumia more tipsy than the tipsy grape." + }, + { + "id": 9868, + "la": "at vos quo lubet hinc abite, lymphae, vini pernicies, et ad severos migrate: hic merus est Thyonianus", + "en": "But water, begone, away with you, water, destruction of wine, and take up your abode with scrupulous folk: here is an unadulterated devotee of Bacchus." + }, + { + "id": 9869, + "la": "Pisonis comites, cohors inanis aptis sarcinulis et expeditis, Verani optime tuque mi Fabulle, quid rerum geritis?", + "en": "You subalterns of Piso, a needy train, with baggage handy and easily carried, my excellent Veranius and you, my Fabullus, how are you?" + }, + { + "id": 9870, + "la": "satisne cum isto vappa frigoraque et famem tulistis?", + "en": "have you borne cold and hunger with that wind-bag long enough?" + }, + { + "id": 9871, + "la": "ecquidnam in tabulis patet lucelli expensum, ut mihi, qui meum secutus praetorem refero datum lucello?", + "en": "do your account books show any gain, however small, entered on the wrong side, as mine do? Why, after following in my praetors train I count my losses as profit." + }, + { + "id": 9872, + "la": "o Memmi, bene me ac diu supinum tota ista trabe lentus irrumasti", + "en": "Yes, Memmius, well and truly did you get me on my back and calmly stuff me with the whole length of your beam!" + }, + { + "id": 9873, + "la": "sed, quantum video, pari fuistis casu: nam nihilo minore verpa farti estis", + "en": "Yet, as far as I can see, you two are in like case: for you have been filled with no less a poker." + }, + { + "id": 9874, + "la": "pete nobiles amicos!", + "en": "So much for running after noble friends!" + }, + { + "id": 9875, + "la": "at vobis mala multa di deaeque dent, opprobria Romuli Remique", + "en": "But may the gods and goddesses bring many curses upon you, you blots on the names of Romulus and Remus." + }, + { + "id": 9876, + "la": "Qvis hoc potest videre, quis potest pati, nisi impudicus et vorax et aleo, habere quod Comata Gallia habebat ante et ultima Britannia?", + "en": "Who can look upon this, who can suffer this, except he be lost to all shame and voracious and a gambler, Mamurra should have what Gallia Comata and farthest Britain had once?" + }, + { + "id": 9877, + "la": "cinaede Romule, haec videbis et feres?", + "en": "Pansy Romulus, can you see and endure this?" + }, + { + "id": 9878, + "la": "et ille nunc superbus et superfluens perambulabit omnium cubilia ut albulus columbus aut Adoneus?", + "en": "And shall he now, proud and full to overflowing, prance around everyones marriage-bed, like a white cock-pigeon or an Adonis?" + }, + { + "id": 9879, + "la": "cinaede Romule, haec videbis et feres?", + "en": "Pansy Romulus, can you see and endure this?" + }, + { + "id": 9880, + "la": "es impudicus et vorax et aleo", + "en": "You are shameless and voracious and a gambler." + }, + { + "id": 9881, + "la": "eone nomine, imperator unice, fuisti in ultima occidentis insula, ut ista vestra diffututa mentula ducenties comesset aut trecenties?", + "en": "Was it this then, you one and only general, that took you to the farthest island of the West? Was it so that that debauched tool of yours should devour twenty or thirty millions?" + }, + { + "id": 9882, + "la": "quid est alid sinistra liberalitas?", + "en": "What else, then, is perverted liberality if this be not?" + }, + { + "id": 9883, + "la": "parum expatravit an parum helluatus est?", + "en": "Has he not spent enough on lust and gluttony?" + }, + { + "id": 9884, + "la": "paterna prima lancinata sunt bona: secunda praeda Pontica: inde tertia Hibera, quam scit amnis aurifer Tagus", + "en": "His ancestral property was first torn to shreds; then came his prize-money from Pontus, then in the third place that from Spain, of which the gold-bearing river Tagus can tell." + }, + { + "id": 9885, + "la": "hunc Galliae timet et Britanniae quid hunc malum fovetis?", + "en": "Is this the man who has the pickings of Gaul and Britain? Why do you both support this scoundrel?" + }, + { + "id": 9886, + "la": "aut quid hic potest nisi uncta devorare patrimonia?", + "en": "And what is he good for except devouring rich patrimonies?" + }, + { + "id": 9887, + "la": "eone nomine, urbis o piissimi, socer generque, perdidistis omnia?", + "en": "Was it for this, most honourable men of Rome, that you, father-in-law and son-in law, have ruined everything?" + }, + { + "id": 9888, + "la": "Alfene immemor atque unanimis false sodalibus, iam te nil miseret, dure, tui dulcis amiculi?", + "en": "Alfenus, ungrateful and false to your faithful comrades, do you now cease (ah, cruel!) to pity your beloved friend?" + }, + { + "id": 9889, + "la": "iam me prodere, iam non dubitas fallere, perfide?", + "en": "What? do you not shrink from betraying me, deceiving me, faithless one?" + }, + { + "id": 9890, + "la": "num facta impia fallacum hominum caelicolis placent?", + "en": "Do the deeds of deceivers please the gods above?'" + }, + { + "id": 9891, + "la": "quae tu neglegis, ac me miserum deseris in malis;", + "en": "All this1 you disregard, and desert me in my sorrow and trouble;" + }, + { + "id": 9892, + "la": "eheu quid faciant, dic, homines, cuive habeant fidem?", + "en": "ah, tell me, what are men to do, whom are they to trust?" + }, + { + "id": 9893, + "la": "certe tute iubebas animam tradere, inique, inducens in amorem, quasi tuta omnia mi forent", + "en": "For truly you used to bid me trust my soul to you (ah, unjust!), leading me into love as if all were safe for me;" + }, + { + "id": 9894, + "la": "idem nunc retrahis te ac tua dicta omnia factaque ventos irrita ferre ac nebulas aerias sinis", + "en": "you, who now draw back from me, and let the winds and vapours of the air bear away all your words and deeds unratified." + }, + { + "id": 9895, + "la": "si tu oblitus es, at di meminerunt, meminit Fides, quae te ut paeniteat postmodo facti faciet tui", + "en": "If you have forgotten this, yet the gods remember it, remembers Faith, who will soon make you repent of your deed." + }, + { + "id": 9896, + "la": "Paene insularum, Sirmio, insularumque ocelle, quascumque in liquentibus stagnis marique vasto fert uterque Neptunus, quam te libenter quamque laetus inviso, vix mi ipse credens Thyniam atque Bithynos liquisse campos et videre te in tuto", + "en": "Sirmio, bright eye of peninsulas and islands, all that in liquid lakes or vast ocean either Neptune bears: how willingly and with what joy I revisit you, scarcely trusting myself that I have left Thynia and the Bithynian plains, and that I see you in safety." + }, + { + "id": 9897, + "la": "o quid solutis est beatius curis, cum mens onus reponit, ac peregrino labore fesi venimus larem ad nostrum desideratoque acquiescimus lecto?", + "en": "Ah, what is more blessed than to put cares away, when the mind lays by its burden, and tired with labour of far travel we have come to our own home and rest on the couch we longed for?" + }, + { + "id": 9898, + "la": "hoc est, quod unumst pro laboribus tantis", + "en": "This it is which alone is worth all these toils." + }, + { + "id": 9899, + "la": "salve, o venusta Sirmio, atque ero gaude gaudente;", + "en": "Welcome, lovely Sirmio, and rejoice in your masters joy," + }, + { + "id": 9900, + "la": "vosque, o Lydiae lacus undae, ridete quicquid est domi cachinnorum", + "en": "and you, ye waters of the Lydian2 lake, laugh out aloud all the laughter you have in your home." + }, + { + "id": 9901, + "la": "Amabo, mea dulcis Ipsitilla, meae deliciae, mei lepores, iube ad te veniam meridiatum", + "en": "I entreat you, my sweet Ipsitilla, my darling, my charmer, bid me come and spend the afternoon with you." + }, + { + "id": 9902, + "la": "et si iusseris, illud adiuvato, nequis liminis obseret tabellam, neu tibi lubeat foras abire", + "en": "And if you do bid me, grant me this kindness too, that no one may bar the panel of your threshold, nor you yourself have a fancy to go away," + }, + { + "id": 9903, + "la": "sed domi maneas paresque nobis novem continuas fututiones", + "en": "but stay at home and have ready for me nine consecutive copulations." + }, + { + "id": 9904, + "la": "verum, siquid ages, statim iubeto: nam pransus iaceo, et satur supinus pertundo tunicamque palliumque", + "en": "And bid me come at once if you are going to at all: for Im on my bed after lunch, thrusting through tunic and cloak." + }, + { + "id": 9905, + "la": "Ofvrvm optime balneariorum Vibenni pater et cinaede fili, nam dextra pater inquinatiore, culo filius est voraciore:", + "en": "Cleverest of all clothes-stealers at the baths, father Vibennius and you, his pansy son (for father has a wickeder hand, the son a greedier arse)," + }, + { + "id": 9906, + "la": "cur non exilium malasque in oras itis, quandoquidem patris rapinae notae sunt populo, et nates pilosas, fili, non potes asse venditare", + "en": "off with you into banishment on accursed shores, since fathers plunderings are known to all the world, and as for you, son, you cant sell your hairy buttocks for a penny!" + }, + { + "id": 9907, + "la": "Dianae sumus in fide puellae et pueri integri: puellaeque canamus", + "en": "We girls and chaste boys are lieges of Diana. Diana let us sing, chaste boys and girls." + }, + { + "id": 9908, + "la": "o Latonia, maximi magna progenies Iovis, quam mater prope Deliam deposivit olivam, montium domina ut fores silvarumque virentium saltuumque reconditorum amniumque sonantum", + "en": "O child of Latona, great offspring of greatest Jove, whom thy mother bore by the Delian olive-tree, that thou mightest be the lady of mountains and green woods, and sequestered glens and sounding rivers;" + }, + { + "id": 9909, + "la": "tu Lucina dolentibus Iuno dicta puerperis, tu potens Trivia et nothos dicta lumine Luna, tu cursu, dea, menstruo metiens iter annuum rustica agricolae bonis tecta frugibus exples", + "en": "thou art called Juno Lucina by mothers in pains of travail, thou art called mighty Trivia and Moon with counterfeit light. Thou, goddess, measurest out by monthly course the circuit of the year, thou fillest full with goodly fruits the rustic home of the husbandman." + }, + { + "id": 9910, + "la": "sis quocumque tibi placet sancta nomine, Romulique, antique ut solitas, bona sospites ope gentem", + "en": "Be thou hallowed by whatever name thou wilt; and as of old thou wert wont, with good help keep safe the race of Romulus." + }, + { + "id": 9911, + "la": "Poetae tenero, meo sodali velim Caecilio, papyre, dicas Veronam veniat, Novi relinquens Comi moenia Lariumque litus:", + "en": "I ask you, papyrus page, to tell the gentle poet, my friend Caecilius, to come to Verona, leaving the walls of Novum Comum and the shore of Larius:" + }, + { + "id": 9912, + "la": "nam quasdam volo cogitationes amici accipiat sui tuique", + "en": "for I wish him to receive certain thoughts of a friend of his and yours.1" + }, + { + "id": 9913, + "la": "quare, si sapiet, viam vorabit, quamvis candida miliens puella euntem revocet manusque collo ambas iniciens roget morari;", + "en": "Wherefore if he is wise he will devour the way with haste, though his fair lady should call him back a thousand times, and throwing both her arms round his neck beg him to delay." + }, + { + "id": 9914, + "la": "quae nunc, si mihi vera nuntiantur, illum deperit impotente amore:", + "en": "She now, if a true tale is brought to me, dotes on him with passionate love." + }, + { + "id": 9915, + "la": "nam quo tempore legit incohatam Dindymi dominam, ex eo misellae ignes interiorem edunt medullam", + "en": "For since she read the beginning of his Lady of Dindymus, ever since then, poor girl, the fires have been wasting her inmost marrow." + }, + { + "id": 9916, + "la": "ignosco tibi, Sapphica puella Musa doctior: est enim venuste Magna Caecilio incohata Mater", + "en": "I can feel for you, maiden more scholarly than the Sapphic Muse; for Caecilius has indeed made a lovely beginning to his Magna Mater." + }, + { + "id": 9917, + "la": "Annales Volusi, cacata charta, votum solvite pro mea puella:", + "en": "Chronicle of Volusius, shitty sheets, discharge a vow on behalf of my love;" + }, + { + "id": 9918, + "la": "nam sanctae Veneri Cupidinique vovit, si sibi restitutus essem desissemque truces vibrare iambos, electissima pessimi poetae scripta tardipedi deo daturam infelicibus ustulanda lignis", + "en": "for she vowed to holy Venus and to Cupid that if I were restored to her love and ceased to dart fierce iambics, she would give to the lamb-footed god and choicest writings of the worst of poets, to be burnt with wood from some accursed tree:" + }, + { + "id": 9919, + "la": "et haec pessima se puella vidit iocosis lepide vovere divis", + "en": "and my lady perceived that these were the worst poems that she was vowing to the merry gods in pleasant sport.1" + }, + { + "id": 9920, + "la": "nunc, o caeruleo creata ponto, quae sanctum Idalium Uriosque apertos quaeque Ancona Cnidumque harundinosam colis quaeque Amathunta quaeque Golgos quaeque Dyrrachium Hadriae tabernam, acceptum face redditumque votum, si non illepidum neque invenustumst", + "en": "Now therefore, O thou whom the blue sea bare, who inhibitest holy Idalium and open Urii, who dwellest in Ancona and reedy Cnidus and in Amathus and in Golgi, and in Dyrrhachium the meeting-place of all Hadria, record the vow as received and duly paid, so surely as it is not out of taste nor inelegant." + }, + { + "id": 9921, + "la": "at vos interea venite in ignem, pleni ruris et infacetiarum annales Volusi, cacata charta", + "en": "But meanwhile, into the fire with you, you bundle of rusticity and clumsiness, chronicle of Volusius, shitty sheets!" + }, + { + "id": 9922, + "la": "Salax taberna vosque contubernales, a pilleatis nona fratribus pila, solis putatis esse mentulas vobis, solis licere, quidquid est puellarum, confutuere et putere ceteros hircos?", + "en": "You regulars of the whore-house tavern, nine doors along from the temple of the Capped Brothers,1 do you think that you alone have cocks, that you alone may screw all the girls, and that the rest of us stink like goats?" + }, + { + "id": 9923, + "la": "an, continenter quod sedetis insulsi centum an ducenti, non putatis ausurum me una ducentos irrumare sessores?", + "en": "Or because you creeps sit in a line, a hundred or two hundred strong, do you think I wouldnt dare to stuff the lot of you together as you sit?" + }, + { + "id": 9924, + "la": "atqui putate: namque totius vobis frontem tabernae sopionibus scribam", + "en": "Think so if you like: for Im going to scribble obscenities against you all over the tavern front." + }, + { + "id": 9925, + "la": "puella nam mi, quae meo sinu fugit, amata tantum quantum amabitur nulla, pro qua mihi sunt magna bella pugnata, consedit istic", + "en": "For the girl who has left my embrace, whom I loved as none shall ever be loved again, has taken up her pitch there." + }, + { + "id": 9926, + "la": "hanc boni beatique omnes amatis, et quidem, quod indignumst, omnes pusilli et semitarii moechi;", + "en": "She is dear to all you men of rank and fortune'indeed, to her shame, all the petty lechers that haunt the byways," + }, + { + "id": 9927, + "la": "tu praeter omnes une de capillatis, cuniculosae Celtiberiae fili, Egnati, opaca quem bonum facit barba et dens Hibera defricatus urina", + "en": "to you above all, paragon of long-haired dandies, Egnatius, son of rabbity Celtiberia, made a gentleman by a bushy beard and teeth brushed with Spanish piss." + }, + { + "id": 9928, + "la": "Malest, Cornifici, tuo Catullo, malest, me hercule, et laboriose, et magis magis in dies et horas", + "en": "Your Catullus is unwell, Cornificius, unwell, dammit, terribly unwell, and getting worse every day and hour." + }, + { + "id": 9929, + "la": "quem tu, quod minimum facillimumquest, qua solatus es allocutione?", + "en": "And what would be the lightest and easiest task, have you said a word to console him?" + }, + { + "id": 9930, + "la": "irascor tibi", + "en": "Im wild with you." + }, + { + "id": 9931, + "la": "sic meos amores? paulum quid lubet allocutionis, maestius lacrimis Simonideis", + "en": "Is this how you treat my love?2 Give me only some little word of comfort, pathetic as the tears of Simonides!" + }, + { + "id": 9932, + "la": "Egnativs, quod candidos habet dentes, renidet usquequaque", + "en": "Egnatius, because he has white teeth, is everlastingly smiling." + }, + { + "id": 9933, + "la": "si ad rei ventumst subsellium, cum orator excitat fletum, renidet ille", + "en": "If people come to the prisoners bench, when the counsel for the defence is making every one cry, he smiles:" + }, + { + "id": 9934, + "la": "si ad pii rogum fili lugetur, orba cum flet unicum mater, renidet ille", + "en": "if they are mourning at the funeral of a dear son, when the bereaved mother is weeping for her only boy, he smiles:" + }, + { + "id": 9935, + "la": "quicquid est, ubicumquest, quodcumque agit, renidet", + "en": "whatever it is, wherever he is, whatever he is doing, he smiles:" + }, + { + "id": 9936, + "la": "hunc habet morbum, neque elegantem, ut arbitror, neque urbanum", + "en": "it is a malady he has, neither an elegant one as I think, nor in good taste." + }, + { + "id": 9937, + "la": "quare monendumst te mihi, bone Egnati", + "en": "So I must give you a bit of advice, my good Egnatius." + }, + { + "id": 9938, + "la": "si urbanus esses aut Sabinus aut Tiburs aut pinguis Umber aut obesus Etruscus aut Lanuvinus ater atque dentatus aut Transpadanus, ut meos quoque attingam, aut quilubet, qui puriter lavit dentes, tamen renidere usquequaque te nollem:", + "en": "If you were a Roman or a Sabine or a Tiburtine or a plump Umbrian or a fat Etruscan, or a black and tusky Lanuvian, or a Transpadane (to touch on my own people too), or anybody else who washes his teeth with clean water, still I should not like you to be smiling everlastingly;" + }, + { + "id": 9939, + "la": "nam risu inepto res ineptior nullast", + "en": "for there is nothing more silly than a silly laugh." + }, + { + "id": 9940, + "la": "nunc Celtiber es: Celtiberia in terra, quod quisque minxit, hoc sibi solet mane dentem atque russam defricare gingivam;", + "en": "As it is, you are a Celtiberian; now in the Celtiberian country everyone regularly brushes his teeth and ruddy gums in the morning with his piddle;" + }, + { + "id": 9941, + "la": "ut quo iste vester expolitior dens est, hoc te amplius bibisse praedicet loti", + "en": "so that, the more highly polished your teeth are, the more urine they will prove to have passed your lips." + }, + { + "id": 9942, + "la": "Qvaenam te mala mens, miselle Ravide, agit praecipitem in meos iambos?", + "en": "What infatuation, my poor Ravidus, drives you headlong in the way of my iambics?" + }, + { + "id": 9943, + "la": "quis deus tibi non bene advocatus vecordem parat excitare rixam?", + "en": "What god invoked by you amiss is going to stir up a senseless quarrel?" + }, + { + "id": 9944, + "la": "an ut pervenias in ora vulgi?", + "en": "Is it that you wish to be talked about?" + }, + { + "id": 9945, + "la": "quid vis?", + "en": "What do you want?" + }, + { + "id": 9946, + "la": "qualubet esse notus optas?", + "en": "would you be known, no matter how?" + }, + { + "id": 9947, + "la": "eris, quandoquidem meos amores cum longa voluisti amare poena", + "en": "So you shall, since you have chosen to love my lady,'and long shall you rue it." + }, + { + "id": 9948, + "la": "Ameana puella defututa tota milia me decem poposcit, ista turpiculo puella naso, decoctoris amica Formiani", + "en": "Ameana,1 that well-laid jade, asked me for a round ten thousand; that girl with the ugly snub nose, the mistress of the bankrupt of Formiae." + }, + { + "id": 9949, + "la": "propinqui, quibus est puella curae, amicos medicosque convocate:", + "en": "You her relations, who have the charge of the girl, call together friends and doctors:" + }, + { + "id": 9950, + "la": "non est sana puella, nec rogare qualis sit solet aes imaginosum", + "en": "she is not right in her mind, and never asks the reflecting bronze of her mirror what she is like." + }, + { + "id": 9951, + "la": "Adeste, hendecasyllabi, quot estis omnes undique, quotquot estis omnes", + "en": "Come hither, hendecasyllables, all of you there are, from every quarter, all of you there are." + }, + { + "id": 9952, + "la": "iocum me putat esse moecha turpis, et negat mihi nostra reddituram pugillaria, si pati potestis", + "en": "An impudent drab takes me for a fool, and says, if you please, shell not return my tablets." + }, + { + "id": 9953, + "la": "persequamur eam, et reflagitemus", + "en": "Lets go after her, and demand them back." + }, + { + "id": 9954, + "la": "quae sit, quaeritis?", + "en": "You ask who she is?" + }, + { + "id": 9955, + "la": "illa, quam videtis turpe incedere, mimice ac moleste ridentem catuli ore Gallicani", + "en": "That one whom you see strutting with an impudent gait, grinning in vulgar and annoying fashion with mouth agape like a Gallic hound." + }, + { + "id": 9956, + "la": "circumsistite eam, et reflagitate, moecha putida, redde codicillos, redde, putida moecha, codicillos!", + "en": "Stand round her and demand them back: Dirty drab, give back the tablets, give back the tablets, dirty drab!" + }, + { + "id": 9957, + "la": "non assis facit?", + "en": "She takes no notice?" + }, + { + "id": 9958, + "la": "o lutum, lupanar, aut si perditius potest quid esse!", + "en": "O the tart, the trollop, and whatevers worse than that!" + }, + { + "id": 9959, + "la": "sed non est tamen hoc satis putandum", + "en": "But we must not think this enough." + }, + { + "id": 9960, + "la": "conclamate iterum altiore voce:", + "en": "Call out again with louder voice:" + }, + { + "id": 9961, + "la": "moecha putida, redde condicilios, redde, putida moecha, codicillos!", + "en": "Dirty drab, give back the tablets, give back the tablets, dirty drab!" + }, + { + "id": 9962, + "la": "sed nil proficimus, nihil movetur", + "en": "Weve achieved nothing, she isnt moved at all." + }, + { + "id": 9963, + "la": "mutandast ratio modusque vobis, siquid proficere amplius potestis:", + "en": "You must change your plan and method, if you are to make any headway:" + }, + { + "id": 9964, + "la": "quod si non aliud potest, ruborem ferreo canis exprimamus ore:", + "en": "so if nothing else is possible, let us at least force a blush from the bitchs brazen face:" + }, + { + "id": 9965, + "la": "pudica et proba, redde codicillos!", + "en": "Give back the tablets, chaste and honourable maiden!" + }, + { + "id": 9966, + "la": "Salve, nec minimo puella naso nec bello pede nec nigris ocellis nec longis digitis nec ore sicco nec sane nimis elegante lingua, decoctoris amica Formiani", + "en": "I greet you, lady, you who neither have a tiny nose, nor a pretty foot, nor black eyes, nor long fingers, nor dry mouth, nor indeed a very refined tongue, you mistress of the bankrupt of Formiae." + }, + { + "id": 9967, + "la": "ten Provincia narrat esse bellam?", + "en": "Is it you who are pretty, as the Province tells us?" + }, + { + "id": 9968, + "la": "tecum Lesbia nostra comparatur?", + "en": "is it with you that our Lesbia is compared?" + }, + { + "id": 9969, + "la": "o saeclum insapiens et infacetum!", + "en": "Oh, this age! how tasteless and ill-bred it is!" + }, + { + "id": 9970, + "la": "Ofvnde noster, seu Sabine seu Tiburs,", + "en": "My farm, whether Sabine or Tiburtine" + }, + { + "id": 9971, + "la": "(nam te esse Tiburtem autumant, quibus non est cordi Catullum laedere: at quibus cordist, quovis Sabinum pignore esse contendunt)", + "en": "(for those affirm that you are Tiburtine, who do not love to annoy Catullus, but those who do will wager anything that you are Sabine)'" + }, + { + "id": 9972, + "la": "sed seu Sabine sive verius Tiburs, fui libenter in tua suburbana villa, malamque pectore expuli tussim, non immerenti quam mihi meus venter, dum sumptuosas appeto, dedit, cenas", + "en": "but at all events, whether you are Sabine or more rightly Tiburtine, I was glad to be in your retreat between town and country and to clear my chest of a nasty cough, which my greediness gave me (not undeservedly) whilst I was running after costly feasts." + }, + { + "id": 9973, + "la": "nam, Sestianus dum volo esse conviva, orationem in Antium petitorem plenam veneni et pestilentiae legi", + "en": "I wanted to go to dinner with Sestius, and so I read a speech of his against the candidate Antius, full of poison and plague." + }, + { + "id": 9974, + "la": "hic me gravedo frigida et frequens tussis quassavit usque dum in tuum sinum fugi et me recuravi otioque et urtica", + "en": "Thereupon a shivering chill and a constant cough shook me to pieces, till at last I fled to your bosom, and set myself right again by a diet of laziness and nettle broth." + }, + { + "id": 9975, + "la": "quare refectus maximas tibi grates ago, meum quod non es ulta peccatum", + "en": "So now, having recovered, I return you my best thanks because you did not punish my error." + }, + { + "id": 9976, + "la": "nec deprecor iam, si nefaria scripta Sesti recepso, quin gravedinem et tussim non mi, sed ipsi Sestio ferat frigus, qui tunc vocat me, cum malum librum legi", + "en": "And henceforth, if I ever again take in hand the abominable writings of Sestius, I freely consent that the chill shall bring catarrh and cough, not upon me, but upon Sestius himself, for only inviting me when I have read a nasty book." + }, + { + "id": 9977, + "la": "Acmen Septimius suos amores tenens in gremio mea inquit Acme, ni te perdite amo atque amare porro omnes sum assidue paratus annos quantum qui pote plurimum perire, solus in Libya Indiaque tosta caesio veniam obvius leoni.", + "en": "Septimius, holding in his arms his darling Acme, says, My Acme, if I do not love thee to desperation, and if I am not ready to go on loving thee continually through all my years as much and as distractedly as the most distracted of lovers, may I in Libya or sunburnt India meet a green-eyed lion alone." + }, + { + "id": 9978, + "la": "hoc ut dixit, Amor, sinistra, ut ante dextra, sternuit approbationem", + "en": "As he said this, Love on the left, as before on the right, sneezed goodwill.1" + }, + { + "id": 9979, + "la": "at Acme leviter caput reflectens et dulcis pueri ebrios ocellos illo purpureo ore saviata", + "en": "Then Acme, slightly bending back her head, kissed with that rosy mouth her sweet loves swimming eyes," + }, + { + "id": 9980, + "la": "sic inquit mea vita Septimille, huic uni domino usque serviamus, ut multo mihi maior acriorque ignis mollibus ardent in medullis.", + "en": "and said, So, my life, my darling Septimius, so may we ever serve this one master as (I swear) more strongly and fiercely burns in me1 the flame deep in my melting marrow." + }, + { + "id": 9981, + "la": "hoc ut dixit, Amor, sinistra, ut ante dextra, sternuit approbationem", + "en": "As she said this, Love, on the left, as before on the right, sneezed good-will." + }, + { + "id": 9982, + "la": "nunc ab auspicio bono profecti mutuis animis amant amantur", + "en": "And now, setting out from this good omen, heart in heart they live, loving and loved." + }, + { + "id": 9983, + "la": "unam Septimius misellus Acmen mavolt quam Syrias Britanniasque: uno in Septimio fidelis Acme facit delicias libidinesque", + "en": "Poor Septimius prefers Acme alone to whole Syrias and Britains. In Septimius, him alone, his faithful Acme takes her fill of loves and pleasures." + }, + { + "id": 9984, + "la": "quis ullos homines beatiores vidit, quis Venerem auspicatiorem?", + "en": "Who ever saw human beings more blest? Who ever saw a more fortunate love?" + }, + { + "id": 9985, + "la": "Iam ver egelidos refert tepores, iam caeli furor aequinoctialis iucundis Zephyri silescit auris", + "en": "Now spring brings back balmy warmth, now the sweet gales of Zephyr are hushing the rage of the equinoctial sky." + }, + { + "id": 9986, + "la": "linquantur Phrygii, Catulle, campi Nicaeaeque ager uber aestuosae: ad claras Asiae volemus urbes", + "en": "Deserted be the Phrygian plains, Catullus, and the rich land of burning Nicaea: away let us fly to the renowned cities of Asia." + }, + { + "id": 9987, + "la": "iam mens praetrepidans avet vagari, iam laeti studio pedes vigescunt", + "en": "Now my soul flutters in anticipation and yearns to stray; now my eager feet rejoice and grow strong." + }, + { + "id": 9988, + "la": "o dulces comitum valete coetus, longe quos simul a domo profectos diversae varie viae reportant", + "en": "Farewell, dear bands of fellow travellers, who started together from your faraway home, and whom different ways from different directions are bringing back again." + }, + { + "id": 9989, + "la": "Porci et Socration, duae sinistrae Pisonis, scabies famesque munda, vos Veraniolo meo et Fabullo verpus praeposuit Priapus ille?", + "en": "Porcius and Socration, Pisos two left hands, you plague and mere famine, has that obscene Priapus preferred you to my dear Veranius and Fabullus?" + }, + { + "id": 9990, + "la": "vos convivia lauta sumptuose de die facitis, mei sodales quaerunt in trivio vocationes?", + "en": "Are you spending money and holding splendid rich banquets at vast expense in broad daylight, whilst my old friends must walk about the streets to hunt for an invitation?" + }, + { + "id": 9991, + "la": "Mellitos oculos tuos, Iuventi, siquis me sinat usque basiare, usque ad milia basiem trecenta, nec mi umquam videar satur futurus, non si densior aridis aristis sit nostrae seges osculationis", + "en": "Your honeyed eyes, Juventius, if one should let me go on kissing still, I would kiss them three hundred thousand times, nor would I think I should ever have enough, no, not if the harvest of our kissing were thicker than the ripe ears of corn." + }, + { + "id": 9992, + "la": "Disertissime Romuli nepotum, quot sunt quotque fuere, Marce Tulli, quotque post aliis erunt in annis, gratias tibi maximas Catullus agit pessimus omnium poeta, tanto pessimus omnium poeta quanto tu optimus omnium patronus", + "en": "Most skilled in speech of the descendants of Romulus, all who are, and all who have been, and all who shall be hereafter in other years, Marcus Tullius,'to thee his warmest thanks Catullus gives, the worst of all poets; as much the worst poet of all as you are the best advocate of all." + }, + { + "id": 9993, + "la": "Hesterno, Licini, die otiosi multum lusimus in meis tabellis, ut convenerat esse delicatos", + "en": "Yesterday, Licinius, we made holiday and played many a game with my1 tablets, as we had agreed to take our pleasure." + }, + { + "id": 9994, + "la": "scribens versiculos uterque nostrum ludebat numero modo hoc modo illoc, reddens mutua per iocum atque vinum", + "en": "Each of us pleased his fancy in writing verses, now in one metre, now in another, answering each other, while we laughed and drank our wine." + }, + { + "id": 9995, + "la": "atque illinc abii tuo lepore incensus, Licini, facetiisque, ut nec me miserum cibus iuvaret nec somnus tegeret quiete ocellos, sed toto, indomitus furore, lecto versarer, cupiens videre lucem, ut tecum loquerer simulque ut essem", + "en": "I came away from this so fired by your wit and fun, Licinius, that food did not ease my pain, nor sleep spread rest over my eyes, but restless and fevered2 I tossed about all over my bed, longing to see the dawn, that I might talk to you and be with you." + }, + { + "id": 9996, + "la": "at defessa labore membra postquam semimortua lectulo iacebant, hoc, iucunde, tibi poema feci, ex quo perspiceres meum dolorem", + "en": "But when my limbs were worn out with fatigue and lay half dead on my couch, I made this poem for you, my sweet friend, that from it you might learn my suffering." + }, + { + "id": 9997, + "la": "nunc audax cave sis, precesque nostras oramus cave despuas, ocelle, ne poenas Nemesis reposcat a te", + "en": "Now be not too proud, and do not, I pray you, apple of my eye, do not reject my prayers, lest Nemesis demand penalties from you in turn." + }, + { + "id": 9998, + "la": "est vemens dea: laedere hanc caveto", + "en": "She is an imperious goddess'beware of offending her." + }, + { + "id": 9999, + "la": "Ille mi par esse deo videtur, ille, si fas est, superare divos, qui sedens adversus identidem te spectat et audit dulce ridentem, misero quod omnis eripit sensus mihi;", + "en": "He seems to me to be equal to a god, he, if it may be, seems to surpass the very gods, who sitting opposite you again and again gazes at you and hears you sweetly laughing. Such a thing takes away all my senses, alas!" + }, + { + "id": 10000, + "la": "nam simul te, Lesbia, aspexi, nihil est super mi [vocis in ore] lingua sed torpet, tenuis sub artus flamma demanat, sonitu suopte tintinant aures, gemina teguntur lumina nocte", + "en": "for whenever I see you, Lesbia, at once no sound of voice remains within my mouth, but my tongue falters, a subtle flame steals down through my limbs, my ears ring with inward humming, my eyes are shrouded in twofold night.1" + }, + { + "id": 10001, + "la": "otium, Catulle, tibi molestumst: otio exultas nimiumque gestis otium et reges prius et beatas perdidit urbes", + "en": "Idleness, Catullus, does you harm, you riot in your idleness and wanton too much. Idleness ere now has ruined both kings and wealthy cities." + }, + { + "id": 10002, + "la": "Qvid est, Catulle?", + "en": "What is it, Catullus?" + }, + { + "id": 10003, + "la": "quid moraris emori?", + "en": "why do you not make haste to die?" + }, + { + "id": 10004, + "la": "sella in curuli struma Nonius sedet, per consulatum peierat Vatinius: quid est, Catulle?", + "en": "The wen Nonius sits in a curule chair; Vatinius forswears himself by his consulship. What is it, Catullus?" + }, + { + "id": 10005, + "la": "quid moraris emori?", + "en": "why do you not make haste to die?" + }, + { + "id": 10006, + "la": "Risi nescio quem modo e corona, qui, cum mirifice Vatiniana meus crimina Calvus explicasset, admirans ait haec manusque tollens, di magni, salaputium disertum!", + "en": "A fellow in the crowd made me laugh just now: when my dear Calvus had drawn out in splendid style his accusations against Vatinius, he lifted up his hands in wonder, and Great gods, says he, what an eloquent manikin!" + }, + { + "id": 10007, + "la": "Othonis caput (oppidost pusillum) et, trirustice, semilauta crura, subtile et leve peditum Libonis, si non omnia, displicere vellem tibi et Fuficio seni recocto: irascere iterum meis iambis immerentibus, unice imperator", + "en": "I could wish, you utter bumpkin, that Othos head (and right puny it is) and half-washed legs and Libos soft and subtle farting, if not everything else about them, should disgust you and that warmed-up greybeard Fuficius: once more will you be angered by my innocent lampoons, you one and only general." + }, + { + "id": 10008, + "la": "Oramvs, si forte non molestumst, demonstres ubi sint tuae tenebrae", + "en": "I beg you, if I may without offence, show me where is your dark corner." + }, + { + "id": 10009, + "la": "te campo quaesivimus minore, te in circo, te in omnibus libellis, te in templo summi Iovis sacrato;", + "en": "I have looked for you in the lesser Campus, in the Circus, in all the booksellers shops, in the hallowed temple of great Jove." + }, + { + "id": 10010, + "la": "in Magni simul ambulatione femellas omnes, amice, prendi, quas vultu vidi tamen sereno", + "en": "And when I was in Pompeys portico, I stopped all the women there, my friend, who, however, faced me with untroubled look." + }, + { + "id": 10011, + "la": "a, vel te sic ipse flagitabam, Camerium mihi, pessimae puellae! quaedam inquit, nudum reduc, en, hic in roseis latet papillis.", + "en": "Are you hiding Camerius from me, you wicked wenches? I kept on demanding of them. One of them, baring her naked bosom, says, Look, here he is, hiding between my rosy breasts." + }, + { + "id": 10012, + "la": "sed te iam ferre Herculi labos est", + "en": "But to bear with you is now a labour of Hercules.1" + }, + { + "id": 10013, + "la": "non custos si fingar ille Cretum, non Ladas ego pinnipesve Perseus, non si Pegaseo ferar volatu, non Rhesi niveae citaeque bigae;", + "en": "Not though I should be moulded in brass like the fabled warder of Crete or like Ladas or like wing-footed Perseus, not though I were to soar aloft like flying Pegasus or like Rhesus swift and snowy pair of steeds, could I overtake you:" + }, + { + "id": 10014, + "la": "adde huc plumipedas volatilesque, ventorumque simul require cursum, quos iunctos, Cameri, mihi dicares:", + "en": "add to these the feather-footed gods and the winged, and with them call for the swiftness of the winds;'" + }, + { + "id": 10015, + "la": "defessus tamen omnibus medullis et multis langoribus peresus essem te, mi amice, quaeritando", + "en": "though you should harness all these, Camerius, and press them into my service, yet I should be tired out to my very marrow, and worn away with frequent faintness, my friend, while searching for you." + }, + { + "id": 10016, + "la": "tanto ten fastu negas, amice?", + "en": "Do you deny yourself so haughtily, my friend?" + }, + { + "id": 10017, + "la": "dic nobis ubi sis futurus, ede audacter, committe, crede luci", + "en": "Tell us where you are likely to be, out with it boldly, trust me with it, give it to the light." + }, + { + "id": 10018, + "la": "num te lacteolae tenent puellae?", + "en": "Do the milk-white maids detain you?" + }, + { + "id": 10019, + "la": "si linguam clauso tenes in ore, fructus proicies amoris omnes: verbosa gaudet Venus loquella", + "en": "If you keep your tongue shut up within your mouth, you will waste all the gains of love; Venus loves an utterance full of words." + }, + { + "id": 10020, + "la": "vel si vis, licet obseres palatum, dum vestri sim particeps amoris", + "en": "However, if you will, you may lock up your lips, so long as you let me be a sharer in your love." + }, + { + "id": 10021, + "la": "Orem ridiculam, Cato, et iocosam dignamque auribus et tuo cachinno", + "en": "O, C ato, what an absurdly funny thing, worthy for you to hear and laugh at!" + }, + { + "id": 10022, + "la": "ride, quicquid amas, Cato, Catullum: res est ridicula et nimis iocosa", + "en": "Laugh, as much as you love Catullus, Cato. The thing is too absurd and funny." + }, + { + "id": 10023, + "la": "deprendi modo pupulum puellae trusantem: hunc ego, si placet Dionae, protelo rigida mea cecidi", + "en": "I just now caught sweethearts pet masturbating, and (so help me the mother of Venus) I beat him1 with my hard cane'in tandem!" + }, + { + "id": 10024, + "la": "Pvlcre convenit improbis cinaedis, Mamurrae pathicoque Caesarique", + "en": "Well agreed are the abominable profligates, Mamurra the effeminate, and Caesar;" + }, + { + "id": 10025, + "la": "nec mirum: maculae pares utrisque, urbana altera et illa Formiana, impressae resident nec eluentur:", + "en": "no wonder either. Like stains, one from the city and one from Formiae, are deeply impressed on each, and will never be washed out." + }, + { + "id": 10026, + "la": "morbosi pariter, gemelli utrique, uno in lecticulo erudituli ambo, non hic quam ille magis vorax adulter, rivales socii puellularum", + "en": "Diseased alike, very twins, both on one sofa, dilettante writers both, one as greedy in adultery as the other, rivals and partners in love." + }, + { + "id": 10027, + "la": "pulcre convenit improbis cinaedis", + "en": "Well agreed are the abominable profligates." + }, + { + "id": 10028, + "la": "Caeli, Lesbia nostra, Lesbia illa, illa Lesbia, quam Catullus unam plus quam se atque suos amavit omnes, nunc in quadriviis et angiportis glubit magnanimi Remi nepotes", + "en": "O, C aelius, my Lesbia, that Lesbia, Lesbia whom alone Catullus loved more than himself and all his own, now in the cross-roads and alleys serves the filthy lusts of the descendants of lordly-minded1 Remus." + }, + { + "id": 10029, + "la": "Bononiensis Rufa Rufulum fellat uxor Meneni, saepe quam in sepulcretis vidistis ipso rapere de rogo cenam, cum devolutum ex igne prosequens panem ab semiraso tunderetur ustore", + "en": "Rufa of Bononia puts her lips to her Rufus, Rufa, Menenius wife, whom ye have often seen in the graveyard grabbing the baked meats from the very pyre, and whilst reaching for a loaf rolling down out of the fire getting walloped by a half-shaven corpse-burner." + }, + { + "id": 10030, + "la": "Nvm te leaena montibus Libystinis aut Scylla latrans infima inguinum parte tam mente dura procreavit ac taetra, ut supplicis vocem in novissimo casu contemptam haberes, a nimis fero corde?", + "en": "Was it a lioness from Libyan mountains or a Scylla barking from her womb below that bare you, you that are so hard-hearted and monstrous as to hold in contempt your suppliants voice in his last need, ah, too cruel-hearted one?" + }, + { + "id": 10031, + "la": "Collis o Heliconii cultor, Uraniae genus, qui rapis teneram ad virum virginem, o Hymenaee Hymen, o Hymen Hymenaee, cinge tempora floribus suave olentis amaraci, flammeum cape, laetus huc huc veni niveo gerens luteum pede soccum, excitusque hilari die, nuptialia concinens voce carmina tinnula, pelle humum pedibus, manu pineam quate taedam", + "en": "O H aunter of the Heliconian mount, Uranias son, thou who bearest away the tender maid to her bridegroom, O Hymenaeus Hymen, O Hymen Hymenaeus! Bind thy brows with the flowers of fragrant marjoram, put on the marriage veil, hither, hither merrily come, wearing on thy snow-white foot the yellow shoe, and wakening on this joyful day, singing with resonant voice the nuptial songs, beat the ground with thy feet, shake with thy hand the pine torch." + }, + { + "id": 10032, + "la": "namque Iunia Manlio, qualis Idalium colens venit ad Phrygium Venus iudicem, bona cum bona nubet alite virgo, floridis velut enitens myrtus Asia ramulis, quos Hamadryades deae ludicrum sibi roscido nutriunt umore", + "en": "For now shall Junia wed with Manlius, Junia as fair as Venus who dwells in Idalium, when she came to the Phrygian judge; a good maiden with a good omen, like the Asian myrtle shining with flowering sprays, which the Hamadryad goddesses with dewy moisture nourish as a plaything for themselves." + }, + { + "id": 10033, + "la": "quare age huc aditum ferens perge linquere Thespiae rupis Aonios specus, nympha quos super irrigat frigerans Aganippe, ac domum dominam voca coniugis cupidam novi, mentem amore revinciens, ut tenax hedera huc et huc arborem implicat errans", + "en": "Hither then, come hither, haste to leave the Aonian caves of the Thespian rock, which the nymph Aganippe besprinkles with cooling shower from above; call to her home the lady of the house, full of desire for her bridegroom; bind her heart with love, as here and there the clinging ivy straying clasps the tree." + }, + { + "id": 10034, + "la": "vosque item simul, integrae virgines, quibus advenit par dies, agite in modum dicite o Hymenaee Hymen, o Hymen Hymenaee.", + "en": "Ye too with me, unwedded virgins, for whom a like day is coming, come, in measure say, O Hymenaeus Hymen, O Hymen Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10035, + "la": "ut lubentius, audiens se citarier ad suum munus, huc aditum ferat dux bonae Veneris, boni coniugator amoris", + "en": "that hearing himself summoned to his own office, the god may come more readily hither, the herald of genial Venus, the coupler of honest love." + }, + { + "id": 10036, + "la": "quis deus magis anxiis est petendus amantibus?", + "en": "What god is more worthy to be invoked by heart-sick lovers?" + }, + { + "id": 10037, + "la": "quem colent homines magis caelitum?", + "en": "whom of the heavenly ones shall men worship more than thee?" + }, + { + "id": 10038, + "la": "o Hymenaee Hymen, o Hymen Hymenaee", + "en": "O Hymenaeus Hymen, O Hymen Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10039, + "la": "te suis tremulus parens invocat, tibi virgines zonula soluunt sinus, te timens cupida novus captat aure maritus", + "en": "Thee for his children the aged father invokes, for thee the maidens loose their garments from the girdle: for thee the bridegroom listens fearfully with eager ear." + }, + { + "id": 10040, + "la": "tu fero iuveni in manus floridam ipse puellulam dedis a gremio suae matris, o Hymenaee Hymen, o Hymen Hymenaee", + "en": "Thou thyself givest into the hands of the fiery youth the blooming maiden from her mothers bosom, O Hymenaeus Hymen, O Hymen Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10041, + "la": "nil potest sine te Venus, fama quod bona comprobet, commodi capere: at potest te volente", + "en": "No pleasure can Venus take without thee, such as, honest fame may approve; but can, if thou art willing." + }, + { + "id": 10042, + "la": "quis huic deo compararier ausit?", + "en": "What god dare match himself with this god?" + }, + { + "id": 10043, + "la": "nulla quit sine te domus liberos dare, nec parens stirpe nitier: at potest te volente", + "en": "No house without thee can give children, no parent rest on his offspring; but all is well if thou art willing." + }, + { + "id": 10044, + "la": "quis huic deo compararier ausit?", + "en": "What god dare match himself with this god?" + }, + { + "id": 10045, + "la": "quae tuis careat sacris, non queat dare praesides terra finibus: at queat te volente", + "en": "A land that should want thy sanctities would not be able to produce guardians for its borders'but could, if thou wert willing." + }, + { + "id": 10046, + "la": "quis huic deo compararier ausit?", + "en": "What god dare match himself with this god?" + }, + { + "id": 10047, + "la": "claustra pandite ianuae, virgo adest", + "en": "Throw open the fastenings of the door; the bride is coming.1" + }, + { + "id": 10048, + "la": "viden ut faces splendidas quatiunt comas?", + "en": "See you how the torches shake their shining tresses?" + }, + { + "id": 10049, + "la": "flere desine", + "en": "Weep no more." + }, + { + "id": 10050, + "la": "non tibi, Au runculeia, periculumst, nequa femina pulcrior clarum ab Oceano diem viderit venientem", + "en": "Not to you, Aurunculeia, is there danger that any fairer woman shall see the bright day coming from ocean." + }, + { + "id": 10051, + "la": "talis in vario solet divitis domini hortulo stare flos hyacinthinus", + "en": "So in the gay garden of a rich owner stands a hyacinth flower'" + }, + { + "id": 10052, + "la": "sed moraris, abit dies: ", + "en": "but you delay, the day is passing; come forth, O bride." + }, + { + "id": 10053, + "la": "prodeas, nova nupta, si iam videtur, et audias nostra verba viden?", + "en": "Come forth, O bride, if now you will, and hear our words. Do you see?" + }, + { + "id": 10054, + "la": "faces aureas quatiunt comas: prodeas, nova nupta", + "en": "The torches shake their golden tresses!'come forth, O bride." + }, + { + "id": 10055, + "la": "non tuus levis in mala deditus vir adultera probra turpia persequens a tuis teneris volet secubare papillis", + "en": "Your husband will not, lightly given to some wicked paramour, and following shameful ways of dishonour, wish to lie away from your soft bosom;" + }, + { + "id": 10056, + "la": "lenta sed velut adsitas vitis implicat arbores, implicabitur in tuum complexum", + "en": "but as the pliant vine entwines the trees planted near it, so will he be entwined in your embrace." + }, + { + "id": 10057, + "la": "sed abit dies: prodeas, nova nupta", + "en": "But the day is passing; come forth, O bride." + }, + { + "id": 10058, + "la": "sed abit dies: prodeas, nova nupta", + "en": "but the day is passing; come forth, O bride." + }, + { + "id": 10059, + "la": "tollite, o pueri, faces: flammeum video venire", + "en": "Raise aloft the torches, boys: I see the wedding veil coming." + }, + { + "id": 10060, + "la": "ite, concinite in modum io Hymen Hymenaee io, io Hymen Hymenaee.", + "en": "Go on, sing in measure, Io Hymen Hymenaeus io, io Hymen Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10061, + "la": "ne diu taceat procax Fescennina iocatio, nec nuces pueris neget desertum domini audiens concubinus amorem", + "en": "Let not the merry Fescennine jesting be silent long, let the favourite boy give away nuts to the slaves, when he hears how his lord has left his love." + }, + { + "id": 10062, + "la": "da nuces pueris, iners concubine: satis diu lusisti nucibus: lubet iam servire Talasio", + "en": "Give nuts to the slaves, favourite: your time is past: you have played with nuts long enough: you must now be the servant of Talassius." + }, + { + "id": 10063, + "la": "concubine, nuces da", + "en": "Give nuts, beloved slave." + }, + { + "id": 10064, + "la": "sordebant tibi vilicae, concubine, hodie atque heri: nunc tuum cinerarius tondet os", + "en": "To-day and yesterday you disdained the country wives: now the barbers haves your cheeks." + }, + { + "id": 10065, + "la": "miser a miser concubine, nuces da", + "en": "Wretched, ah! wretched lover, throw the nuts!" + }, + { + "id": 10066, + "la": "diceris male te a tuis unguentate glabris marite abstinere: sed abstine", + "en": "They will say that you, perfumed bridegroom, are unwilling to give up your old pleasures; but abstain." + }, + { + "id": 10067, + "la": "io Hymen Hymenaee io, io Hymen Hymenaee", + "en": "Io Hymen Hymenaeus io, io Hymen Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10068, + "la": "scimus haec tibi quae licent sola cognita: sed marito ista non eadem licent", + "en": "We know that you are acquainted with no unlawful joys; but a husband has not the same liberty." + }, + { + "id": 10069, + "la": "io Hymen Hymenaee io, io Hymen Hymenaee", + "en": "Io Hymen Hymenaeus io, io Hymen Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10070, + "la": "nupta, tu quoque, quae tuus vir petet, cave ne neges, ni petitum aliunde eat", + "en": "You too, O bride, be sure you refuse not what your husband claims, lest he go elsewhere to find it." + }, + { + "id": 10071, + "la": "io Hymen Hymenaee io, io Hymen Hymenaee", + "en": "Io Hymen Hymenaeus io, io Hymen Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10072, + "la": "en tibi domus ut potens et beata viri tui, quae tibi sine serviat io Hymen Hymenaee io, io Hymen Hymenaee,", + "en": "See how mighty and rich for you is the house of your husband; be content to be mistress here. Io Hymen Hymenaeus io, io Hymen Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10073, + "la": "usque dum tremulum movens cana tempus anilitas omnia omnibus annuit", + "en": "even till hoary old age, shaking a trembling head, nods assent to all for all." + }, + { + "id": 10074, + "la": "io Hymen Hymenaee io, io Hymen Hymenaee", + "en": "Io Hymen Hymenaeus io, io Hymen Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10075, + "la": "transfer omine cum bono limen aureolos pedes, rasilemque subi forem", + "en": "Lift across the threshold with a good omen your golden feet, and enter within the polished door." + }, + { + "id": 10076, + "la": "io Hymen Hymenaee io, io Hymen Hymenaee", + "en": "Io Hymen Hymenaeus io, io Hymen Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10077, + "la": "aspice, intus ut accubans vir tuus Tyrio in toro totus immineat tibi", + "en": "See how your husband within, reclining on a purple couch, is all eagerness for you." + }, + { + "id": 10078, + "la": "io Hymen Hymenaee io, io Hymen Hymenaee", + "en": "Io Hymen Hymenaeus io, io Hymen Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10079, + "la": "illi non minus ac tibi pectore uritur intimo flamma, sed penite magis", + "en": "In his inmost heart no less than in yours glows the flame, but deeper within." + }, + { + "id": 10080, + "la": "io Hymen Hymenaee io, io Hymen Hymenaee", + "en": "Io Hymen Hymenaeus io, io Hymen Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10081, + "la": "mitte bracchiolum teres, praetextate, puellulae: iam cubile adeat viri", + "en": "Let go, young boy, the smooth arm of the damsel, let her now come to her husbands bed." + }, + { + "id": 10082, + "la": "io Hymen Hymenaee io, io Hymen Hymenaee", + "en": "Io Hymen Hymenaeus io, io Hymen Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10083, + "la": " bonae senibus viris cognitae bene feminae, collocate puellulam", + "en": "Ye, honest matrons, well wedded to ancient husbands, set the damsel in her place." + }, + { + "id": 10084, + "la": "io Hymen Hymenaee io, io Hymen Hymenaee", + "en": "Io Hymen Hymenaeus io, io Hymen Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10085, + "la": "iam licet venias, marite: uxor in thalamo tibist ore floridulo nitens, alba parthenice velut luteumve papaver", + "en": "Now you may come, bridegroom; your wife is in the bride-chamber, shining with flowery face, like a white daisy or yellow poppy." + }, + { + "id": 10086, + "la": "at, marite, (ita me iuvent caelites) nihilo minus pulcher es, neque te Venus neglegit", + "en": "But, husband, so the gods help me, you are no less fair, nor does Venus neglect you." + }, + { + "id": 10087, + "la": "sed abit dies: perge, ne remorare", + "en": "But the day in passing. Go on then, delay not." + }, + { + "id": 10088, + "la": "non diu remoratus es, iam venis", + "en": "Not long have you delayed. Already you come." + }, + { + "id": 10089, + "la": "bona te Venus iuverit, quoniam palam quod cupis capis et bonum non abscondis amorem", + "en": "May kindly Venus help you, since openly you take your desire1 and do not hide your honest love." + }, + { + "id": 10090, + "la": "ille pulveris Africi siderumque mieantium subducat numerum prius, qui vestri numerare vult multa milia ludi", + "en": "Let him first count up the number of the dust of Africa and of the glittering stars, who would number the many thousands of your joys." + }, + { + "id": 10091, + "la": "ludite ut lubet, et brevi liberos date", + "en": "Sport as ye will, and soon bring children forth." + }, + { + "id": 10092, + "la": "non decet tam vetus sine liberis nomen esse, sed indidem semper ingenerari", + "en": "It is not fit that so old a name should be without children, but that they should be ever born from the same stock." + }, + { + "id": 10093, + "la": "Torquatus volo parvulus matris e gremio suae porrigens teneras manus dulce rideat ad patrem semihiante labello", + "en": "I would see a little Torquatus, stretching his baby hands from his mothers lap, smile a sweet smile at his father with lips half parted." + }, + { + "id": 10094, + "la": "sit suo similis patri Manlio et facile2insciis noscitetur ab omnibus et pudicitiam suae matris indicet ore", + "en": "May he be like his father Manlius, and easily be recognised by all, even those who do not know, and declare by his face the fair fame of his mother." + }, + { + "id": 10095, + "la": "talis illius a bona matre laus genus approbet, qualis unica ab optima matre Telemacho manet fama Penelopeo", + "en": "May such praise, due to his chaste mother, approve his descent, as for Telemachus son of Penelope remains unparagoned the honour derived from his noble mother." + }, + { + "id": 10096, + "la": "claudite ostia, virgines: lusimus satis", + "en": "Maidens, shut the doors. We have sported enough." + }, + { + "id": 10097, + "la": "at, boni coniuges, bene vivite et munere assiduo valentem exercete iuventam", + "en": "But ye, happy pair, live happily, and in constant wedded joys employ your vigorous youth." + }, + { + "id": 10098, + "la": "Iuvenes Vesper adest: iuvenes, consurgite: Vesper Olympo exspectata diu vix tandem lumina tollit", + "en": "Youths. The evening is come, rise up, ye youths. In the heavens Vesper now at last is just raising his long-looked-for lights." + }, + { + "id": 10099, + "la": "surgere iam tempus, iam pinguis linquere mensas; iam veniet virgo, iam dicetur Hymenaeus", + "en": "Now is it time to rise, now to leave the rich tables; now will come the bride, now will the Hymen-song be sung." + }, + { + "id": 10100, + "la": "Hymen o Hymenaee, Hymen ades o Hymenaee!", + "en": "Hymen, O Hymenaeus, Hymen, hither, O Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10101, + "la": "Puellae cernitis, innuptae, iuvenes?", + "en": "Maidens. See ye, maidens, the youths?" + }, + { + "id": 10102, + "la": "consurgite contra; nimirum Oetaeos ostendit Noctifer ignes", + "en": "Rise up to meet them. For sure the night-star shows his Oetaean fires." + }, + { + "id": 10103, + "la": "sic certest; viden ut perniciter exsiluere?", + "en": "So it is indeed; see you how nimply they have sprung up?" + }, + { + "id": 10104, + "la": "non temere exsiluere, canent quod vincere par est", + "en": "it is not for nothing that they have sprung up: they will sing something which it is worth while to surpass." + }, + { + "id": 10105, + "la": "Hymen o Hymenaee, Hymen ades o Hymenaee!", + "en": "Hymen, O Hymenaeus, Hymen, hither, O Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10106, + "la": "Iuvenes non facilis nobis, aequales, palma paratast; aspicite, innuptae secum ut meditata requirunt", + "en": "Youths. No easy palm is set out for us, comrades: look how the maidens are conning what they have learnt." + }, + { + "id": 10107, + "la": "non frustra meditantur, habent memorabile quod sit", + "en": "Not in vain do they learn, they have there something worthy of memory;" + }, + { + "id": 10108, + "la": "nec mirum, penitus quae tota mente laborant", + "en": "no wonder, since they labour deeply with their whole mind." + }, + { + "id": 10109, + "la": "nos alio mentes, alio divisimus aures; iure igitur vincemur; amat victoria curam", + "en": "We have diverted elsewhere our thoughts, elsewhere our ears; fairly then shall we be beaten; victory loveth care." + }, + { + "id": 10110, + "la": "quare nunc animos saltem convertite vestros; dicere iam incipient, iam respondere decebit", + "en": "Wherefore now at least turn your minds to business. Anon they will begin to speak, anon it will be fitting for us to answer." + }, + { + "id": 10111, + "la": "Hymen o Hymenaee, Hymen ades o Hymenaee!", + "en": "Hymen, O Hymenaeus, Hymen, hither, O Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10112, + "la": "Puellae Hespere, qui caelo fertur crudelior ignis?", + "en": "Maidens. Hesperus, what more cruel fire than thine moves in the sky?" + }, + { + "id": 10113, + "la": "qui natam possis complexu avellere matris, complexu matris retinentem avellere natam, et iuveni ardenti castam donare puellam", + "en": "for thou canst endure to tear the daughter from her mothers embrace, from her mothers embrace to tear the close-clinging daughter, and give the chaste maiden to the burning youth." + }, + { + "id": 10114, + "la": "quid faciunt hostes capta crudelius urbe?", + "en": "What more cruel than this do enemies when a city falls?" + }, + { + "id": 10115, + "la": "Hymen o Hymenaee, Hymen ades o Hymenaee!", + "en": "Hymen, O Hymenaeus, Hymen, hither, O Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10116, + "la": "Iuvenes Hespere, qui caelo lucet iucundior ignis?", + "en": "Youths. Hesperus, what more welcome fire than thine shines in the sky?" + }, + { + "id": 10117, + "la": "qui desponsa tua firmes conubia flamma, quae pepigere viri, pepigerunt ante parentes, nec iunxere prius quam se tuus extulit ardor", + "en": "for thou with thy flame confirmest the contracted espousals, which husbands and parents have promised beforehand, but unite not till thy flame has arisen." + }, + { + "id": 10118, + "la": "quid datur a divis felici optatius hora?", + "en": "What is given by the gods more desirable than the fortunate hour?" + }, + { + "id": 10119, + "la": "Hymen o Hymenaee, Hymen ades o Hymenaee!", + "en": "Hymen, O Hymenaeus, Hymen, hither, O Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10120, + "la": "Puellae Hesperus e nobis, aequales, abstulit unam:", + "en": "Maidens. Hesperus, friends, has taken away one of us," + }, + { + "id": 10121, + "la": "Iuvenes Hespere, te innuptae nunc falso crimine laedunt:>", + "en": "Youths. Hesperus, now the maidens slander thee,>1" + }, + { + "id": 10122, + "la": "namque tuo adventu vigilat custodia semper", + "en": "for at thy coming the guard is always awake." + }, + { + "id": 10123, + "la": "nocte latent fures, quos idem saepe revertens, Hespere, mutato comprendis nomine Eoos", + "en": "By night thieves hide themselves, whom thou, Hesperus, often overtakest as thou returnest, Hesperus the same but with changed name Eous." + }, + { + "id": 10124, + "la": "at lubet innuptis ficto te carpere questu", + "en": "But girls love to chide thee with feigned complaint." + }, + { + "id": 10125, + "la": "quid tum, si carpunt, tacita quem mente requirunt?", + "en": "What then, if they chide him whom they desire in their secret heart?" + }, + { + "id": 10126, + "la": "Hymen o Hymenaee, Hymen ades o Hymenaee!", + "en": "Hymen, O Hymenaeus, Hymen, hither, O Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10127, + "la": "Puellae ut flos in saeptis secretus nascitur hortis, ignotus pecori, nullo convulsus aratro, quem mulcent aurae, firmat sol, educat imber, biam iam se expandit suavesque exspirat odores;", + "en": "Maidens. As a flower springs up secretly in a fenced garden, unknown to the cattle, torn up by no plough, which the winds caress, the sun strengthens, the shower draws forth, and even now it unfolds and exhales sweet fragrance,1" + }, + { + "id": 10128, + "la": "multi illum pueri, multae optavere puellae:", + "en": "many boys, many girls, desire it;" + }, + { + "id": 10129, + "la": "idem cum tenui carptus defloruit ungui, nulli illum pueri, nullae optavere puellae:", + "en": "when the same flower fades, nipped by a sharp nail, no boys, no girls desire it:" + }, + { + "id": 10130, + "la": "sic virgo dum intacta manet, dum cara suis est;", + "en": "so a maiden, while she remains untouched, the while2 is she dear to her own;" + }, + { + "id": 10131, + "la": "cum castum amisit polluto corpore florem, nec pueris iucunda manet nec cara puellis", + "en": "when she has lost her chaste flower with sullied body, she remains neither lovely to boys nor dear to girls." + }, + { + "id": 10132, + "la": "Hymen o Hymenaee, Hymen ades o Hymenaee!", + "en": "Hymen, O Hymenaeus, Hymen, hither, O Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10133, + "la": "Iuvenes ut vidua in nudo vitis quae nascitur arvo numquam se extollit, numquam mitem educat uvam sed tenerum prono deflectens pondere corpus iam iam contingit summum radice flagellum;", + "en": "Youths. As an unwedded vine which grows up in a bare field never raises itself aloft, never brings forth a mellow grape, but bending its tender form with downward weight, even now touches the root with topmost shoot;" + }, + { + "id": 10134, + "la": "hanc nulli agricolae, nulli coluere iuvenci", + "en": "no farmers, no oxen tend it:" + }, + { + "id": 10135, + "la": "at si forte eademst ulmo coniuncta marita, multi illam agricolae, multi coluere iuvenci:", + "en": "but if it chance to be joined in marriage to the elm, many farmers, many oxen tend it:" + }, + { + "id": 10136, + "la": "sic virgo dum intacta manet, dum inculta senescit;", + "en": "so a maiden, while she remains untouched, the while is she aging untended;" + }, + { + "id": 10137, + "la": "cum par conubium maturo tempore adeptast, cara viro magis et minus est invisa parenti", + "en": "but when in ripe season she is matched in equal wedlock, she is more dear to her husband and less distasteful to her father." + }, + { + "id": 10138, + "la": "et tu ne pugna cum tali coniuge, virgo", + "en": "And you, maiden, strive not with such a husband;" + }, + { + "id": 10139, + "la": "non aequumst pugnare, pater cui tradidit ipse, ipse pater cum matre, quibus parere necessest", + "en": "it is not right to strive with him to whom your father himself gave you, your father himself with your mother, whom you must obey." + }, + { + "id": 10140, + "la": "virginitas non tota tuast, ex parte parentumst;", + "en": "Your maidenhead is not all your own; partly it belongs to your parents," + }, + { + "id": 10141, + "la": "tertia pars patrist, pars est data tertia matri, tertia sola tuast:", + "en": "a third part is given to your father, a third part to your mother, only a third is yours;" + }, + { + "id": 10142, + "la": "noli pugnare duobus, qui genero sua iura simul cum dote dederunt", + "en": "do not contend with two, who have given their rights to their son-in-law together with the dowry." + }, + { + "id": 10143, + "la": "Hymen o Hymenaee, Hymen ades o Hymenaee!", + "en": "Hymen, O Hymenaeus, Hymen, hither, O Hymenaeus!" + }, + { + "id": 10144, + "la": "Svper alta vectus Attis celeri rate maria Phrygium ut nemus citato cupide pede tetigit adiitque opaca silvis redimita loca deae, stimulatus ibi furenti rabie, vagus animi, devolsit ili acuto sibi pondera silice", + "en": "Borne in his swift bark over deep seas, Attis, when eagerly with speedy foot he reached the Phrygian woodland, and entered the goddesss abodes, shadowy, forest-crowned; there, goaded by raging madness, bewildered in mind, he cut off with a sharp flint the weights of his groin." + }, + { + "id": 10145, + "la": "itaque ut relicta sensit sibi membra sine viro, etiam recente terrae sola sanguine maculans niveis citata cepit manibus leve typanum, typanum tuum, Cybebe, tua, Mater, initia", + "en": "So when she felt her limbs to have lost their manhood, still with fresh blood dabbling the surface of the ground, swiftly with snowy hands she seized the light timbrel, thy timbrel, Cybele,1 thy mysteries, Mother," + }, + { + "id": 10146, + "la": "quatiensque terga tauri teneris cava digitis canere haec suis adortast tremebunda comitibus:", + "en": "and shaking with soft fingers the hollow oxhide thus began she to sing to her companions tremulously:" + }, + { + "id": 10147, + "la": "agite ite ad alta, Gallae, Cybeles nemora simul, simul ite, Dindymenae dominae vaga pecora, aliena quae petentes velut exules loca sectam meam exsecutae duce me mihi comites rapidum salum tulistis truculentaque pelagi, et corpus evirastis Veneris nimio odio, hilarate erae citatis erroribus animum", + "en": "Up away, ye Gallae, go to the mountain forests of Cybele together, together go, roving herd of the lady of Dindymus, who swiftly seeking alien homes as exiles, followed my rule as I led you in my train, endured the fast-flowing brine and the tantrums of the sea, and unmanned your bodies from utter abhorrence of love, cheer ye your Ladys heart with swift wanderings.1" + }, + { + "id": 10148, + "la": "mora tarda mente cedat;", + "en": "Let dull delay depart from your mind;" + }, + { + "id": 10149, + "la": "simul ite, sequimini Phrygiam ad domum Cybebes1, Phrygia ad nemora deae, ubi cymbalum sonat vox, ubi tympana reboant, tibicen ubi canit Phryx curvo grave calamo, ubi capita Maenades vi iaciunt hederigerae, ubi sacra sancta acutis ululatibus agitant, ubi suevit illa divae volitare vaga cohors: quo nos decet citatis celerare tripudiis.", + "en": "go together, follow to the Phrygian house of Cybele, to the Phrygian forests of the goddess, where the noise of cymbals sounds, where timbrels re-echo, where the Phrygian flute-player blows a deep note on his curved reed, where the Maenads ivy-crowned toss their heads violently, where with shrill yells they shake the holy emblems, where that wandering company of the goddess is wont to rove, whither for us tis meet to hasten with rapid dances." + }, + { + "id": 10150, + "la": "Simul haec comitibus Attis cecinit notha mulier, thiasus repente linguis trepidantibus ululat, leve tympanum remugit, cava cymbala recrepant, viridem citus adit Idam properante pede chorus", + "en": "So soon as Attis, woman yet no true one, chanted thus to her companions, the revellers suddenly with quivering tongues yell aloud, the light timbrel rings again, clash again the hollow cymbals, swiftly to green Ida goes the rout with hurrying foot." + }, + { + "id": 10151, + "la": "furibunda simul anhelans vaga vadit, animam agens, comitata tympano Attis per opaca nemora dux, veluti iuvenca vitans onus indomita iugi: rapidae ducem sequuntur Gallae properipedem", + "en": "Then too frenzied, panting, uncertain, wanders, gasping for breath,2 attended by the timbrel, Attis, through the dark forests their leader, as a heifer unbroken starting aside from the burden of the yoke. Fast follow the Gallae their swift-footed leader." + }, + { + "id": 10152, + "la": "itaque ut domum Cybebes tetigere lassulae, nimio e labore somnum capiunt sine Cerere", + "en": "So when they gained the house of Cybele, faint and weary, after much toil they take their rest without bread;" + }, + { + "id": 10153, + "la": "piger his labante languore oculos sopor operit: abit in quiete molli rabidus furor animi", + "en": "heavy sleep covers their eyes with drooping weariness, the delirious madness of their mind departs in soft slumber." + }, + { + "id": 10154, + "la": "sed ubi oris aurei Sol radiantibus oculis lustravit aethera album, sola dura, mare ferum, pepulitque noctis umbras vegetis sonipedibus, ibi Somnus excitam Attin fugiens citus abiit:", + "en": "But when the golden-visaged sun with radiant eyes lightened the clear heaven, the firm lands, the wild sea, and chased away the shades of night with eager tramping steeds refreshed, then Sleep fled from wakened Attis and quickly was gone;" + }, + { + "id": 10155, + "la": "trepidante eum recepit dea Pasithea sinu", + "en": "him the goddess Pasithea received in her fluttering bosom." + }, + { + "id": 10156, + "la": "ita de quiete molli rapida sine rabie simul ipsa pectore Attis sua facta recoluit, liquidaque mente vidit sine quis ubique foret, animo aestuante rusum reditum ad vada tetulit", + "en": "So after soft slumber, freed from violent madness, as soon as Attis himself in his heart reviewed his own deed, and saw with clear mind what he had lost and where he was, with surging mind again he sped back to the waves." + }, + { + "id": 10157, + "la": "ibi maria vasta visens lacrimantibus oculis, patriam allocuta maestast ita voce miseriter", + "en": "There, looking out upon the waste seas with streaming eyes, thus did she piteously address her country with tearful voice:" + }, + { + "id": 10158, + "la": "Patria o mei creatrix, patria o mea genetrix, ego quam miser relinquens, dominos ut erifugae famuli solent, ad Idae tetuli nemora pedem, ut apud nivem et ferarum gelida stabula forem et earum omnia adirem furibunda latibula, ubinam aut quibus locis te positam, patria, reor?", + "en": "O my country that gavest me life! O my country that barest me! leaving whom, ah wretch! as runaway servants leave their masters, I have borne my foot to the forests of Ida, to live among snows and frozen lairs of wild beasts, and visit in my frenzy all their lurking-dens,'where then or in what region do I think thy place to be, O my country?" + }, + { + "id": 10159, + "la": "cupit ipsa pupula ad te sibi derigere aciem, rabie fera carens dum breve tempus animus est", + "en": "Mine eyeballs unbidden long to turn their gaze to thee, while for a short space my mind is free from wild frenzy." + }, + { + "id": 10160, + "la": "egone a mea remota haec ferar in nemora domo?", + "en": "I, shall I from my own home be borne far away into these forests?" + }, + { + "id": 10161, + "la": "patria, bonis, amicis, genitoribus abero?", + "en": "from my country, my possessions, my friends, my parents, shall I be absent?" + }, + { + "id": 10162, + "la": "abero foro, palaestra, stadio et gyminasiis?", + "en": "absent from the market, the wrestling-place, the racecourse, the playground?" + }, + { + "id": 10163, + "la": "miser a miser, querendumst etiam atque etiam, anime", + "en": "unhappy, ah unhappy heart, again, again must thou complain." + }, + { + "id": 10164, + "la": "quod enim genus figurast, ego non quod obierim?", + "en": "For what form of human figure is there which I have not filled?" + }, + { + "id": 10165, + "la": "ego mulier, ego adolescens, ego ephebus, ego puer, ego gymnasi fui flos, ego eram decus olei:", + "en": "I, now a woman, have been a stripling, a youth, a boy; I was the flower of the playground, I was once the glory of the palaestra:" + }, + { + "id": 10166, + "la": "mihi ianuae frequentes, mihi limina tepida, mihi floridis corollis redimita domus erat, linquendum ubi esset orto mihi sole cubiculum", + "en": "mine were the crowded doorways, mine the warm thresholds, mine the flowery garlands to deck my house when I was to leave my chamber at sunrise." + }, + { + "id": 10167, + "la": "ego nunc deum ministra et Cybeles famula ferar?", + "en": "I, shall I now be called'what? a handmaid of the gods, a ministress of Cybele?" + }, + { + "id": 10168, + "la": "ego Maenas, ego mei pars, ego vir sterilis ero?", + "en": "I a Maenad, I part of myself, a barren man shall I be?" + }, + { + "id": 10169, + "la": "ego viridis algida Idae nive amicta loca colam?", + "en": "I, shall I dwell in icy snow-clad regions of verdant Ida," + }, + { + "id": 10170, + "la": "ego vitam agam sub altis Phrygiae columinibus ubi cerva silvicultrix, ubi aper nemorivagus?", + "en": "I pass my life under the high summits of Phrygia, with the hind that haunts the woodland, with the boar that ranges the forest?" + }, + { + "id": 10171, + "la": "iam iam dolet quod egi, iam iamque paenitet.", + "en": "now, now I rue my deed, now, now I would it were undone." + }, + { + "id": 10172, + "la": "Roseis ut huic labellis sonitus citus abiit, geminas deorum ad aures nova nuntia referens, ibi iuncta iuga resolvens Cybele leonibus laevumque pecoris hostem stimulans ita loquitur", + "en": "From his rosy lips as these words issued forth, bringing a new message to both ears of the gods, then Cybele, loosening the fastened yoke from her lions, and goading that foe of the herd who drew on the left, thus speaks:" + }, + { + "id": 10173, + "la": "agedum inquit age ferox i, fac ut hunc furor agitet, fac uti furoris ictu reditum in nemora ferat, mea libere nimis qui fugere imperia cupit", + "en": "Come now, she says, come, go fiercely, let madness hunt him hence, bid him hence by stroke of madness hie him to the forests again, him who would be too free, and run away from my sovereignty." + }, + { + "id": 10174, + "la": "age caede terga cauda, tua verbera patere, fac cuncta mugienti fremitu loca retonent, rutilam ferox torosa cervice quate iubam.", + "en": "Come, lash back with tail, endure thy own scourging, make all around resound with bellowing road, shake fiercely on brawny neck thy ruddy mane." + }, + { + "id": 10175, + "la": "ait haec minax Cybebe religatque iuga manu", + "en": "Thus says wrathful Cybele, and with her hand unbinds the yoke." + }, + { + "id": 10176, + "la": "ferus ipse sese adhortans rabidum incitat animo, vadit, fremit, refringit virgulta pede vago", + "en": "The monster stirs his courage and rouses him to fury of heart; he speeds away, he roars, with ranging foot he breaks the brushwood." + }, + { + "id": 10177, + "la": "at ubi umida albicantis loca litoris adiit, teneramque vidit Attin prope marmora pelagi, facit impetum:", + "en": "But when he came to the watery stretches of the white-gleaming shore, and saw tender Attis by the smooth spaces of the sea, he rushes at her'" + }, + { + "id": 10178, + "la": "illa demens fugit in nemora fera:", + "en": "madly flies Attis to the wild woodland," + }, + { + "id": 10179, + "la": "ibi semper omne vitae spatium famula fuit", + "en": "and there evermore for all lifes course remained a handmaid." + }, + { + "id": 10180, + "la": "Dea, magna dea, Cybebe, dea, domina Dindymi, procul a mea tuus sit furor omnis, era, domo:", + "en": "Goddess, great goddess, Cybele, goddess, lady of Dindymus, far from my house be all thy fury, O my queen;" + }, + { + "id": 10181, + "la": "alios age incitatos, alios age rabidos", + "en": "others drive thou in frenzy, others drive thou to madness." + }, + { + "id": 10182, + "la": "Peliaco quondam prognatae vertice pinus dicuntur liquidas Neptuni nasse per undas Phasidos ad fluctus et fines Aeeteos, cum lecti iuvenes, Argivae robora pubis, auratam optantes Colchis avertere pellem ausi sunt vada salsa cita decurrere puppi, caerula verrentes abiegnis aequora palmis;", + "en": "Pine-trees of old, born on the top of Pelion, are said to have swum through the clear waters of Neptune to the waves of Phasis and the realms of Aeetes, when the chosen youths, the flower of Argive strength, desiring to bear away from the Colchians the golden fleece, dared to course over the salt seas with swift ship, sweeping the blue expanse with fir-wood blades," + }, + { + "id": 10183, + "la": "diva quibus retinens in summis urbibus arces ipsa levi fecit volitantem flamine currum, pinea coniungens inflexae texta carinae", + "en": "for whom the goddess who holds the fortresses of city-tips made with her own hands the car flitting with light breeze, and bound the piny structure of the bowed keel." + }, + { + "id": 10184, + "la": "illa rudem cursu prima imbuit Amphitriten", + "en": "That ship first hanselled with voyage Amphitrite untried before." + }, + { + "id": 10185, + "la": "Quae simul ac rostro ventosum proscidit aequor, tortaque remigio spumis incanuit unda, emersere freti candenti e gurgite vultus aequoreae monstrum Nereides admirantes", + "en": "So when she ploughed with her beak the windy expanse, and the wave churned by the oars grew white with foam-flakes, forth looked from the foaming surge of the sea the Nereids of the deep wondering at the strange thing." + }, + { + "id": 10186, + "la": "illa, atque haud alia, viderunt luce marinas mortales oculis nudato corpore Nymphas nutricum tenus extantis e gurgite cano", + "en": "On that day, and on no other, mortals saw with their eyes the sea-Nymphs standing forth from the hoary tide, with bodies naked as far as the paps." + }, + { + "id": 10187, + "la": "tum Thetidis Peleus incensus fertur amore, tum Thetis humanos non despexit hymenaeos, tum Thetidi pater ipse iugandum Pelea sensit", + "en": "Then is Peleus said to have caught fire with love of Thetis, then did Thetis not disdain mortal espousals, then did the Father himself know in his heart that Peleus must be joined to Thetis." + }, + { + "id": 10188, + "la": "o nimis optato saeclorum tempore nati heroes, salvete deum genus!", + "en": "O ye, in happiest time of ages born, hail, heroes, sprung from gods!" + }, + { + "id": 10189, + "la": "o bona matrum bprogenies, salvete iter aut ut eam devinctam lumina somno liquerit immemori discedens pectore coniunx?", + "en": "But why should I leave the first subject of my song and tell of more; how the daughter, flying from her fathers face, the embrace of her sister, then of her mother last, who lamented, lost in grief for her daughter'how she chose before all these the sweet love of Theseus; or how the ship came borne to the foaming shores of Dia; or how when her eyes were bound with sleep her spouse left her, departing with forgetful mind?" + }, + { + "id": 10217, + "la": "saepe illam perhibent ardenti corde furentem clarisonas imo fudisse e pectore voces, ac tum praeruptos tristem conscendere montes, unde aciem in pelagi vastos protenderet aestus, tum tremuli salis adversas procurrere in undas mollia nudatae tollentem tegmina surae, atque haec extremis maestam dixisse querellis, frigidulos udo singultus ore cientem", + "en": "Often in the madness of her burning heart they say that she uttered piercing cries from her inmost breast; and now would she sadly climb the rugged mountains, thence to strain her eyes over the waste of ocean-tide; now run out to meet the waters of the rippling brine, lifting the soft vesture of her bared knee. And thus said she mournfully in her last laments, uttering chilly sobs with tearful face:" + }, + { + "id": 10218, + "la": "Sicine me patriis avectam, perfide, ab aris, perfide, deserto liquisti in litore, Theseu?", + "en": "Thus then, having borne me afar from my fathers home, thus hast thou left me, faithless, faithless Theseus, on the lonely shore?" + }, + { + "id": 10219, + "la": "sicine discedens neglecto numine divum immemor a, devota domum periuria portas?", + "en": "thus departing, unmindful of the will of the gods, forgetful, ah! dost thou carry to thy home the curse of perjury?" + }, + { + "id": 10220, + "la": "nullane res potuit crudelis flectere mentis consilium?", + "en": "could nothing bend the purpose of thy cruel mind?" + }, + { + "id": 10221, + "la": "tibi nulla fuit dementia praesto, immite ut nostri vellet miserescere pectus?", + "en": "was no mercy present in thy soul, to bid thy ruthless heart incline to pity for me?" + }, + { + "id": 10222, + "la": "at non haec quondam blanda promissa dedisti voce mihi;", + "en": "Not such were the promises thou gavest me once with winning voice," + }, + { + "id": 10223, + "la": "non haec miseram sperare iubebas, sed conubia laeta, sed optatos hymenaeos: quae cuncta aerii discerpunt irrita venti", + "en": "not this didst thou bid me hope, ah me!1 no, but a joyful wedlock, but a desired espousal; all which the winds of Heaven now blow abroad in vain." + }, + { + "id": 10224, + "la": "nunc iam nulla viro iuranti femina credat, nulla viri speret sermones esse fideles;", + "en": "Henceforth let no woman believe a mans oath, let none believe that a mans speeches can be trustworthy." + }, + { + "id": 10225, + "la": "quis dum aliquid cupiens animus praegestit apisci, nil metuunt iurare, nihil promittere parcunt:", + "en": "They, while their mind desires something and longs eagerly to gain it, nothing fear to swear, nothing spare to promise;" + }, + { + "id": 10226, + "la": "sed simul ac cupidae mentis satiata libidost, dicta nihil meminere, nihil periuria curant", + "en": "but as soon as the lust of their greedy mind is satisfied, they remember not their words, they heed not their perjuries." + }, + { + "id": 10227, + "la": "certe ego te in medio versantem turbine leti eripui, et potius germanum amittere crevi, quam tibi fallaci supremo in tempore dessem;", + "en": "I'thou know-est it'when thou wert tossing in the very whirl of death, saved thee, and set my heart rather to let my brother go than to fail thee, now faithless found, in thy utmost need." + }, + { + "id": 10228, + "la": "pro quo dilaceranda feris dabor alitibusque praeda, neque iniacta tumulabor mortua terra", + "en": "And for this I shall be given to beasts and birds to tear as a prey; my corpse shall have no sepulture, shall be sprinkled with no earth." + }, + { + "id": 10229, + "la": "quaenam te genuit sola sub rupe leaena?", + "en": "What lioness bore thee under a desert rock?" + }, + { + "id": 10230, + "la": "quod mare conceptum spumantibus expuit undis, quae Syrtis, quae Scylla rapax, quae vasta Charybdis, talia qui reddis pro dulci praemia vita?", + "en": "what sea conceived thee and vomited thee forth from its foaming waves? what Syrtis, what ravening Scylla, what waste Charybdis bore thee, who for sweet life returnest such meed as this?" + }, + { + "id": 10231, + "la": "si tibi non cordi fuerant conubia nostra, saeva quod horrebas prisci praecepta parentis, attamen in vestras potuisti ducere sedes, quae tibi iucundo famularer serva labore, candida permulcens liquidis vestigia lymphis purpureave tuum consternens veste cubile", + "en": "If thou hadst no mind to wed with me for dread of the harsh bidding of thy stern father, yet thou couldst have led me into thy dwellings to serve thee as a slave with labour of love, laving thy white feet with liquid water, or with purple coverlet spreading thy bed." + }, + { + "id": 10232, + "la": "Sed quid ego ignaris nequiquam conquerar auris, externata malo, quae nullis sensibus auctae nec missas audire queunt nec reddere voces?", + "en": "But why should I, distracted with woe, cry in vain to the senseless airs'the airs that are endowed with no feeling, and can neither hear nor return the messages of my voice?" + }, + { + "id": 10233, + "la": "ille autem prope iam mediis versatur in undis, nec quisquam apparet vacua mortalis in alga", + "en": "He meanwhile is now tossing almost in mid-sea, and no human being is seen on the waste and weedy shore." + }, + { + "id": 10234, + "la": "sic nimis insultans extremo tempore saeva fors etiam nostris invidit questibus auris", + "en": "Thus fortune too, full of spite, in this my supreme hour has cruelly grudged all ears to my complaints." + }, + { + "id": 10235, + "la": "Iuppiter omnipotens, utinam ne tempore primo Cnosia Cecropiae tetigissent litora puppes, indomito nec dira ferens stipendia tauro perfidus in Creta religasset navita funem, nec malus hic celans dulci crudelia forma consilia in nostris requiesset sedibus hospes!", + "en": "Almighty Jupiter, I would the Attic ships had never touched Cnosian shores, nor ever the faithless voyager, bearing the dreadful tribute to the savage bull, has fastened his cable in Crete, nor that this evil man, hiding cruel designs under a fair outside, had reposed in our dwellings as a guest!" + }, + { + "id": 10236, + "la": "nam quo me referam? quali spe perdita nitor? petam montes?", + "en": "For whither shall I return, lost, ah, lost? on what hope I lean? Shall I seek the mountains of Crete?" + }, + { + "id": 10237, + "la": "at gurgite lato discernens ponti truculentum dividit aequor", + "en": "But barring them with broad flood the stormy, waters of the sea lie in between." + }, + { + "id": 10238, + "la": "an patris auxilium sperem?", + "en": "Shall I hope for the aid of my father," + }, + { + "id": 10239, + "la": "quemne ipsa reliqui, respersum iuvenem fraterna caede secuta?", + "en": "the father I deserted of my own will, to follow a lover stained with my brothers blood?" + }, + { + "id": 10240, + "la": "coniugis an fido consoler memet amore, quine fugit lentos incurvans gurgite remos?", + "en": "Or shall I console myself with the faithful love of my spouse, who is flying from me, bending his tough oars in the wave?" + }, + { + "id": 10241, + "la": "praeterea nullo colitur sola insula tecto, nec patet egressus pelagi cingentibus undis: nulla fugae ratio, nulla spes: omnia muta, omnia sunt deserta, ostentant omnia letum", + "en": "Besides all that, the island is remote, and unfurnished with any dwelling; no way to depart opens for me; about me are the waters of the sea; no means of flight, no hope; all is dumb, all is desolate; all shows me the face of death." + }, + { + "id": 10242, + "la": "non tamen ante mihi languescent lumina morte, nec prius a fesso secedent corpore sensus, quam iustam a divis exposcam prodita multam, caelestumque fidem postrema comprecer hora", + "en": "Yet my eyes shall not grow faint in death, nor shall the sense fail from my wearied body, before I demand from the gods just vengeance for my betrayal, and call upon the faith of the heavenly ones in my last hour." + }, + { + "id": 10243, + "la": "Quare facta virum multantes vindice poena, Eumenides, quibus anguino redimita capillo frons expirantis praeportat pectoris iras, huc huc adventate, meas audite querellas, quas ego, vae, misera extremis proferre medullis cogor inops, ardens, amenti caeca furore", + "en": "Therefore, O ye that visit the deeds of men with vengeful pains, ye Eumenides, whose foreheads bound with snaky hair announce the wrath which breathes from your breast, hither, hither haste, hear my complaints which I (ah, unhappy!) bring forth from my inmost heart perforce, helpless, burning, blinded with raging frenzy." + }, + { + "id": 10244, + "la": "quae quoniam verae nascuntur pectore ab imo, vos nolite pati nostrum vanescere luctum; sed quali solam Theseus me mente reliquit, tali mente, deae, funestet seque suosque.", + "en": "For since my woes come truthfully from the depths of my heart, suffer not ye my grief to come to nothing: but even as Theseus had the heart to leave me desolate, with such a heart, ye goddesses, may he bring ruin upon himself and his own!" + }, + { + "id": 10245, + "la": "Has postquam maesto profudit pectore voces, supplicium saevis exposcens anxia factis, annuit invicto caelestum numine rector, quo motu tellus atque horrida contremuerunt aequora concussitque micantia sidera mundus", + "en": "When she had poured out these words from her sad breast, earnestly demanding vengeance for cruel deeds; the Lord of the heavenly ones bowed assent with sovereign nod, and at that movement the earth and stormy seas trembled, and the heavens shook the quivering stars." + }, + { + "id": 10246, + "la": "ipse autem caeca mentem caligine Theseus consitus oblito dimisit pectore cuncta, quae mandata prius constanti mente tenebat, dulcia nec maesto sustollens signa parenti sospitem Erectheum se ostendit visere portum", + "en": "But Theseus himself, dark-ling in his thoughts with blind dimness, let slip from his forgetful mind all the biddings which formerly he had held firm with constant heart, and raised not the welcome sign to his mourning father, nor showed that he was safely sighting the Erechthean harbour." + }, + { + "id": 10247, + "la": "Namque ferunt olim, classi cum moenia divae linquentem gnatum ventis concrederet Aegeus, talia complexum iuveni mandata dedisse", + "en": "For they say that erewhile, when Aegeus was trusting his son to the winds, as with his craft he left the walls of the goddess, he embraced the youth and gave him his charge:" + }, + { + "id": 10248, + "la": "Gnate mihi longa iucundior unice vita, reddite in extrema nuper mihi fine senectae, gnate, ego quem in dubios cogor dimittere casus, quandoquidem fortuna mea ac tua fervida virtus eripit invito mihi te, cui languida, nondum lumina sunt gnati cara saturata figura:", + "en": "My son, my only son, dearer to me than all my length of days, restored to me but now in the last end of old age, my son, whom I perforce let go forth to doubtful hazards,'since my fortune and thy burning valour tear thee from me, unwilling me, whose failing eyes are not yet satisfied with the dear image of my son," + }, + { + "id": 10249, + "la": "non ego te gaudens laetanti pectore mittam, nec te ferre sinam fortunae signa secundae, sed primum multas expromam mente querellas, canitiem terra atque infuso pulvere foedans;", + "en": "I will not let thee go gladly with cheerful heart, nor suffer thee to bear the tokens of prosperous fortune: but first will bring forth many laments from my heart, soiling my gray hairs with earth and showered dust:" + }, + { + "id": 10250, + "la": "inde infecta vago suspendam lintea malo, nostros ut luctus nostraeque incendia mentis carbasus obscurata dicet ferrugine Hibera", + "en": "thereafter will I hang dyed sails on thy roving mast, that so the tale of my grief1 and the fire that burns in my heart may be marked by the canvas stained with Iberian azure." + }, + { + "id": 10251, + "la": "quod tibi si sancti concesserit incola Itoni, quae nostrum genus ac sedes defendere Erecthei annuit, ut tauri respergas sanguine dextram, tum vero facito ut memori tibi condita corde haec vigeant mandata, nec ulla oblitteret aetas, ut simul ac nostros invisent lumina collis, funestam antennae deponant undique vestem, candidaque intorti sustollant vela rudentes, quam primum cernens ut laeta gaudia mente agnoscam, cum te reducem aetas prospera sistet.", + "en": "But if she who dwells in holy Itonus, who vouchsafes to defend our race and the abodes of Erechtheus, shall grant thee to sprinkle thy right hand with the bulls blood, then be sure that these my commands live, laid up in thy mindful heart, and that no length of time blur them: that as soon as thy eyes shall come within sight of our hills, thy yardarms may lay down from them their mourning raiment, and the twisted cordage raise a white sail: that so I may see at once and gladly welcome the signs of joy, when a happy hour shall set thee here in thy home again." + }, + { + "id": 10252, + "la": "Haec mandata prius constanti mente tenentem Thesea ceu pulsae ventorum flamine nubes aerium nivei montis liquere cacumen", + "en": "These charges at first did Theseus preserve with constant mind; but then they left him, as clouds driven by the breath of the winds leave the lofty head of the snowy mountain." + }, + { + "id": 10253, + "la": "at pater, ut summa prospectum ex arce petebat, anxia in assiduos absumens lumina fletus, cum primum infecti conspexit lintea veli, praecipitem sese scopulorum e vertice iecit, amissum credens immiti Thesea fato", + "en": "But the father, as he gazed out from his tower-top, wasting his longing eyes in constant tear-floods, when first he saw the canvas of the stained sail, threw himself headlong from the summit of the rocks, believing Theseus destroyed by ruthless fate." + }, + { + "id": 10254, + "la": "sic funesta domus ingressus tecta paterna morte ferox Theseus, qualem Minoidi luctum obtulerat mente immemori, talem ipse recepit", + "en": "Thus bold Theseus, as he entered the chambers of his home, darkened with mourning for his fathers death, himself received such grief as by forgetfulness of heart he had caused to the daughter of Minos." + }, + { + "id": 10255, + "la": "quae tum prospectans cedentem maesta carinam multiplices animo volvebat saucia curas", + "en": "And she the while, gazing out tearfully at the receding ship, was revolving manifold cares in her wounded heart." + }, + { + "id": 10256, + "la": "At parte ex alia florens volitabat Iacchus cum thiaso Satyrorum et Nysigenis Silenis, te quaerens, Ariadna, tuoque incensus amore", + "en": "In another part of the tapestry youthful Bacchus was wandering with the rout of Satyrs and the Nysaborn Sileni, seeking thee, Ariadna, and fired with thy love;" + }, + { + "id": 10257, + "la": "qui tum alacres passim lymphata mente furebant euhoe bacchantes, euhoe capita inflectentes", + "en": "who then, busy here and there, were raging with frenzied mind, while Evoe! they cried tumultuously, Evoe! shaking their heads." + }, + { + "id": 10258, + "la": "Harum pars tecta quatiebant cuspide thyrsos", + "en": "Some of them were waving thyrsi with shrouded points," + }, + { + "id": 10259, + "la": "pars e divulso iactabant membra iuvenco", + "en": "some tossing about the limbs of a mangled steer," + }, + { + "id": 10260, + "la": "pars sese tortis serpentibus incingebant, pars obscura cavis celebrabant orgia cistis, orgia, quae frustra cupiunt audire profani; plangebant aliae proceris tympana palmis aut tereti tenues tinnitus aere ciebant", + "en": "some girding themselves with writhing serpents: some bearing in solemn procession dark mysteries enclosed in caskets, mysteries which the profane desire in vain to hear. Others beat timbrels with uplifted hands, or raised clear clashings with cymbals of rounded bronze:" + }, + { + "id": 10261, + "la": "multis raucisonos efflabant cornua bombos, barbaraque horribili stridebat tibia cantu", + "en": "many blew horns with harsh-sounding drone, and the barbarian pipe shrilled with dreadful din." + }, + { + "id": 10262, + "la": "Talibus amplifice vestis decorata figuris pulvinar complexa suo velabat amictu", + "en": "Such were the figures that richly adorned the tapestry which embraced and shrouded with its folds the royal couch." + }, + { + "id": 10263, + "la": "quae postquam cupide spectando Thessala pubes expletast, Sanctis coepit decedere divis", + "en": "Now when the Thessalian youth had gazed their fill, fixing their eager eyes on these wonders, they began to give place to the holy gods." + }, + { + "id": 10264, + "la": "hic, qualis flatu placidum mare matutino horrificans Zephyrus proclivas incitat undas Aurora exoriente vagi sub limina Solis, quae tarde primum clementi flamine pulsae procedunt, leviterque sonant plangore cachinni, post vento crescente magis magis increbrescunt purpureaque procul nantes ab luce refulgent, sic tum vestibuli linquentes regia tecta ad se quisque vago passim pede discedebant", + "en": "Hereupon, as the west wind ruffling the quiet sea with its breath at morn urges on the sloping waves, when the Dawn is rising up to the gates of the travelling Sun, the waters slowly at first, driven by gentle breeze, step on and lightly sound with plash of laughter; then as the breeze grows fresh they crowd on close and closer, and floating afar reflect a brightness from the crimson light; so now, leaving the royal buildings of the portal, hither and thither variously with devious feet the guests passed away." + }, + { + "id": 10265, + "la": "Quorum post abitum princeps e vertice Peli advenit Chiron portans silvestria dona;", + "en": "After their departure, from the top of Pelion came Chiron leading the way, and bearing woodland gifts." + }, + { + "id": 10266, + "la": "nam quoscumque ferunt campi, quos Thessala magnis montibus ora creat, quos propter fluminis undas aura aperit flores tepidi fecunda Favoni, hos indistinctis plexos tulit ipse corollis, quo permulsa domus iucundo risit odore", + "en": "For all the flowers that the plains bear, all that the Thessalian region brings to birth on its mighty mountains, all the flowers that near the rivers streams the fruitful gale of warm Favonius discloses, these he brought himself, woven in mingled garlands, cheered with whose grateful odour the house smiled its gladness." + }, + { + "id": 10267, + "la": "confestim Penios adest, viridantia Tempe, Tempe, quae silvae cingunt super impendentes, Minosim linquens Doris celebranda choreis, non vacuus:", + "en": "Forthwith Penus is there, leaving verdant Tempe, Tempe girt with impendent forests [ ] to be haunted by Dorian dances; not empty-handed," + }, + { + "id": 10268, + "la": "namque ille tulit radicitus altas fagos ac recto proceras stipite laurus, non sine nutanti platano lentaque sorore flammati Phaethontis et aeria cupressu", + "en": "for he bore, torn up by the roots, lofty beeches and tall bay-trees with upright stem, and with them the nodding plane and the swaying sister of flame-devoured Phaethon, and the tall cypress." + }, + { + "id": 10269, + "la": "haec circum sedes late contexta locavit, vestibulum ut molli velatum fronde vireret", + "en": "All these he wove far and wide around their home, that the portal might be greenly embowered with soft foliage." + }, + { + "id": 10270, + "la": "post hunc consequitur sollerti corde Prometheus, extenuata gerens veteris vestigia poenae, quam quondam silici restrictus membra catena persolvit pendens e verticibus praeruptis", + "en": "Him follows Prometheus wise of heart, bearing the faded scars of the ancient penalty which whilom, his limbs found fast to the rock with chains, he paid, hanging from the craggy summits." + }, + { + "id": 10271, + "la": "inde pater divum sancta cum coniuge natisque advenit, caelo te solum, Phoebe, relinquens unigenamque simul cultricem montibus Idri:", + "en": "Then came the Father of the gods with his divine wife and his sons, leaving thee, Phoebus, alone in heaven, and with thee thine own sister who dwells in the heights of Idrus;" + }, + { + "id": 10272, + "la": "Pelea nam tecum pariter soror aspernatast nec Thetidis taedas voluit celebrare iugalis", + "en": "for as thou didst, so did thy sister scorn Peleus, nor deigned to be present at the nuptial torches of Thetis." + }, + { + "id": 10273, + "la": "Qui postquam niveis flexerunt sedibus artus, large multiplici constructae sunt dape mensae, cum interea infirmo quatientes corpora motu veridicos Parcae coeperunt edere cantus", + "en": "So when they had reclined their limbs on the white couches, bountifully were the tables piled with varied dainties: whilst in the meantime, swaying their bodies with palsied motion, the Parcae began to utter sooth-telling chants." + }, + { + "id": 10274, + "la": "his corpus tremulum complectens undique vestis candida purpurea talos incinxerat ora, at roseae niveo residebant vertice vittae, aeternumque manus carpebant rite laborem", + "en": "White raiment enfolding their aged limbs robed their ankles with a crimson border; on their snowy heads rested rosy bands, while their hands duly plied the eternal task." + }, + { + "id": 10275, + "la": "laeva colum molli lana retinebat amictum, dextera tum leviter deducens fila supinis formabat digitis, tum prono in pollice torquens libratum tereti versabat turbine fusum, atque ita decerpens aequabat semper opus dens, laneaque aridulis haerebant morsa labellis, quae prius in levi fuerant extantia filo: ante pedes autem candentis mollia lanae vellera virgati custodibant calathisci", + "en": "The left hand held the distaff clothed with soft wool; then the right hand lightly drawing out the threads with upturned fingers shaped them, then with downward thumb twirled the spindle poised with rounded whorl; and so with their teeth they still plucked the threads and made the work even. Bitten ends of wool clung to their dry lips, which had before stood out from the smooth yarn: and at their feet soft fleeces of white-shining wool were kept safe in baskets of osier." + }, + { + "id": 10276, + "la": "hae tum clarisona vellentes vellera voce talia divino fuderunt carmine fata, carmine, perfidiae quod post nulla arguet aetas", + "en": "They then, as they plucked the wool, sang with clear voice, and thus poured forth the Fates in divine chant. That chant no length of time shall prove untruthful." + }, + { + "id": 10277, + "la": "O decus eximium magnis virtutibus augens, Emathiae tutamen, Opis carissime nato, accipe, quod laeta tibi pandunt luce sorores, veridicum oraclum", + "en": "O thou who crownest high renown with great deeds of virtue, bulwark of Emathia, to the son of Ops most dear, receive the truthful oracle which on this happy day the Sisters reveal to thee;" + }, + { + "id": 10278, + "la": "sed vos, quae fata sequuntur, currite ducentes subtegmina, currite, fusi", + "en": "but run ye on, drawing the woof-threads which the fates follow, ye spindles, run." + }, + { + "id": 10279, + "la": "adveniet tibi iam portans optata maritis Hesperus, adveniet fausto cum sidere coniunx, quae tibi flexanimo mentem perfundat amore languidulosque paret tecum coniungere somnos, levia substernens robusto bracchia collo", + "en": "Soon will Hesperus come to thee, Hesperus, who brings longed-for gifts to the wedded, soon will come thy wife with happy star, to shed over thy spirit soul-quelling love, and join with thee languorous slumbers, laying her smooth arms under thy strong neck." + }, + { + "id": 10280, + "la": "currite ducentes subtegmina, currite, fusi", + "en": "Run, drawing the woof-threads, ye spindles, run." + }, + { + "id": 10281, + "la": "nulla domus tales umquam contexit amores, nullus amor tali coniunxit foedere amantes, qualis adest Thetidi, qualis concordia Peleo", + "en": "No house ever harboured such loves as these; no love ever joined lovers in such a bond as links Thetis with Peleus, Peleus with Thetis." + }, + { + "id": 10282, + "la": "currite ducentes subtegmina, currite, fusi", + "en": "Run, drawing the woof-threads, ye spindles, run." + }, + { + "id": 10283, + "la": "nascetur vobis expers terroris Achilles, hostibus haud tergo, sed forti pectore notus, qui persaepe vago victor certamine cursus flammea praevertet celeris vestigia cervae", + "en": "There shall be born to you a son that knows not fear, Achilles, known to his enemies not by his back but by his stout breast; who right often winner in the contest of the wide-ranging race shall outstrip the flame-feet footsteps of the flying hind." + }, + { + "id": 10284, + "la": "currite ducentes subtegmina, currite, fusi", + "en": "Run, drawing the woof-threads, ye spindles, run." + }, + { + "id": 10285, + "la": "non illi quisquam bello se conferet heros, cum Phrygii Teucro manabunt sanguine campi, Troicaque obsidens longinquo moenia bello periuri Pelopis vastabit tertius heres", + "en": "Against him not a hero shall match himself in war, when the Phrygian streams shall flow with Teucrian blood, and the third heir of Pelops shall lay waste the Trojan walls, with tedious war beleaguering." + }, + { + "id": 10286, + "la": "currite ducentes subtegmina, currite, fusi", + "en": "Run, drawing the woof-threads, ye spindles, run." + }, + { + "id": 10287, + "la": "illius egregias virtutes claraque facta saepe fatebuntur gnatorum in funere matres", + "en": "The heros surpassing achievements and renowned deeds often shall mothers own at the burial of their sons," + }, + { + "id": 10288, + "la": "cum incultum cano solvent a vertice crinem putridaque infirmis variabunt pectora palmis", + "en": "loosing dishevelled hair from hoary head, and marring their withered breasts with weak hands." + }, + { + "id": 10289, + "la": "currite ducentes subtegmina, currite, fusi", + "en": "Run, drawing the woof-threads, ye spindles, run." + }, + { + "id": 10290, + "la": "namque velut densas praecerpens messor aristas sole sub ardenti flaventia demetit arva, Troiugenum infesto prosternet corpora ferro", + "en": "For as the husbandman cropping the thick ears of corn under the burning sun mows down the yellow fields, so shall he lay low with foemans steel the bodies of the sons of Troy." + }, + { + "id": 10291, + "la": "currite ducentes subtegmina, currite, fusi", + "en": "Run, drawing the woof-threads, ye spindles, run." + }, + { + "id": 10292, + "la": "testis erit magnis virtutibus unda Scamandri, quae passim rapido diffunditur Hellesponto, cuius iter caesis angustans corporum acervis alta tepefaciet permixta flumina caede", + "en": "Witness of his great deeds of valour shall be the wave of Scamander which pours itself forth abroad in the current of Hellespont, whose channel he shall choke with heaps of slain corpses, and make the deep streams warm with mingled blood." + }, + { + "id": 10293, + "la": "currite ducentes subtegmina, currite, fusi", + "en": "Run, drawing the woof-threads, ye spindles, run" + }, + { + "id": 10294, + "la": "denique testis erit morti quoque reddita praeda, cum teres excelso coacervatum aggere bustum excipiet niveos percussae virginis artus", + "en": "Lastly, witness too shall be the prize assigned to him in death, when the rounded barrow heaped up with lofty mound shall receive the snowy limbs of the slaughtered maiden." + }, + { + "id": 10295, + "la": "currite ducentes subtegmina, currite, fusi", + "en": "Run, drawing the woof-threads, ye spindles, run." + }, + { + "id": 10296, + "la": "nam simul ac fessis dederit fors copiam Achivis urbis Dardaniae Neptunia solvere vincla, alta Polyxenia madefient caede sepulcra, quae, velut ancipiti succumbens victima ferro, proiciet truncum submisso poplite corpus", + "en": "For so soon as Fortune shall give to the weary Achaens power to loose the Neptune-forged circlet of the Dardanian town, the high tomb shall be wetted with Polyxenas blood, who like a victim falling under the two-edged steel, shall bend her knee and bow her headless trunk." + }, + { + "id": 10297, + "la": "currite ducentes subtegmina, currite, fusi", + "en": "Run, drawing the woof-threads, ye spindles, run." + }, + { + "id": 10298, + "la": "quare agite optatos animi coniungite amores", + "en": "Come then, unite the loves which your souls desire:" + }, + { + "id": 10299, + "la": "accipiat coniunx felici foedere divam, dedatur cupido iamdudum nupta marito", + "en": "let the husband receive in happy bonds the goddess, let the bride be given up'nay now!'to her eager spouse." + }, + { + "id": 10300, + "la": "currite ducentes subtegmina, currite, fusi", + "en": "Run, drawing the woof-threads, ye spindles, run." + }, + { + "id": 10301, + "la": "non illam nutrix orienti luce revisens hesterno collum poterit circumdare filo, anxia nec mater discordis maesta puellae secubitu caros mittet sperare nepotes", + "en": "When her nurse visits her again with the morning light, she will not be able to circle her neck with yesterdays riband; nor shall her anxious mother, saddened by lone-lying of an unkindly bride, give up the hope of dear descendants." + }, + { + "id": 10302, + "la": "currite ducentes subtegmina, currite, fusi", + "en": "Run, drawing the woof-threads, ye spindles, run." + }, + { + "id": 10303, + "la": "Talia praefantes quondam felicia Pelei carmina divino cecinerunt pectore Parcae", + "en": "Such strains of divination, foreboding happiness to Peleus, sang the Fates from prophetic breast in days of yore." + }, + { + "id": 10304, + "la": "praesentes namque ante domos invisere castas heroum et sese mortali ostendere coetu caelicolae nondum spreta pietate solebant", + "en": "For in bodily presence of old, before religion was despised, the heavenly ones were wont to visit pious homes of heroes, and show themselves to mortal company." + }, + { + "id": 10305, + "la": "saepe pater divum templo in fulgente revisens annua cum festis venissent sacra diebus, conspexit terra centum procumbere tauros", + "en": "Often the Father of the gods coming down again, in his bright temple, when yearly feasts had come on his holy days, saw a hundred bulls fall to the ground." + }, + { + "id": 10306, + "la": "saepe vagus Liber Parnasi vertice summo Thyadas effusis euantis crinibus egit, cum Delphi tota certatim ex urbe ruentes acciperent laeti divum fumantibus aris", + "en": "Often Liber roving on the topmost height of Parnassus drove the Thyades crying Evoe! with flying hair, when the Delphians, racing eagerly from all the town, joyfully received the god with smoking altars." + }, + { + "id": 10307, + "la": "saepe in letifero belli certamine Mavors aut rapidi Tritonis era aut Rhamnusia virgo armatas hominumst praesens hortata catervas", + "en": "Often in the death-bearing strife of war Mavors or the Lady of swift Triton or the Rhamnusian Virgin by their presence stirring up the courage of armed bands of men." + }, + { + "id": 10308, + "la": "sed postquam tellus scelerest imbuta nefando, iustitiamque omnes cupida de mente fugarunt, perfudere manus fraterno sanguine fratres, destitit extinctos natus lugere parentes, optavit genitor primaevi funera nati, liber uti nuptae poteretur flore novellae, ignaro mater substernens se impia nato impia non veritast divos scelerare Penates:", + "en": "But when the earth was dyed with hideous crime, and all men banished justice from their greedy souls, and brothers sprinkled their hands with brothers blood, the son left off to mourn his parents death, the father wished for the death of his young son, that he might without hindrance enjoy the flower of a young bride, the unnatural mother impiously coupling with her unconscious son did not fear to pollute her family gods:" + }, + { + "id": 10309, + "la": "omnia fanda nefanda malo permixta furore iustificam nobis mentem avertere deorum quare nec tales dignantur visere coetus, nec se contingi patiuntur lumine claro", + "en": "then all right and wrong, confounded in impious madness, turned from us the righteous will of the gods. Wherefore they deign not to visit such companies, nor endure the touch of clear daylight." + }, + { + "id": 10310, + "la": "Etsi me assiduo confectum cura dolore sevocat a doctis, Hortale, virginibus, nec potis est dulcis Musarum expromere fetus mens animi", + "en": "To Hortalus Though I am worn out with constant grief, Hortalus, and sorrow calls me away, apart from the learned Maids, nor can the thoughts of my heart utter the sweet births of the Muses" + }, + { + "id": 10311, + "la": "(tanti fluctuat ipsa malis: namque mei nuper Lethaeo gurgite fratris pallidulum manans alluit unda pedem, Troia Rhoeteo quem subter litore tellus ereptum nostris obterit ex oculis'", + "en": "(tossed as it is with such waves of trouble: for lately the creeping wave of Lethes flood has lapped my own brothers death-pale foot, on whom, torn away from our sight, under the shore of Rhoeteum the soil of Troy lies heavy'" + }, + { + "id": 10312, + "la": "numquam ego te potero posthac audire loquentem, numquam ego te, vita frater amabilior, aspiciam posthac?", + "en": "shall I never hereafter be able to hear thy voice, never see thee again hereafter, brother more beloved than life?" + }, + { + "id": 10313, + "la": "at certe semper amabo, semper maesta tua carmina morte canam, qualia sub densis ramorum concinit umbris Daulias absumpti fata gemens Ityli):", + "en": "But surely I shall always love thee, always sing strains of mourning from thy death, as under the thick shadows of the boughs sings the Daulian bird bewailing the fate of Itylus lost):" + }, + { + "id": 10314, + "la": "sed tamen in tantis maeroribus, Hortale, mitto haec expressa tibi carmina Battiadae, ne tua dicta vagis nequiquam credita ventis effluxisse meo forte putes animo, ut missum sponsi furtivo munere malum procurrit casto virginis e gremio,", + "en": "yet in such sorrows, Hortalus, I send to you these verses of Battiades translated, lest haply you should think that your words have slipped from my mind, vainly committed to wandering winds: as an apple sent as a secret gift from her betrothed lover falls out from the chaste bosom of the girl," + }, + { + "id": 10315, + "la": "quod miserae oblitae molli sub veste locatum, dum adventu matris prosilit, excutitur;", + "en": "which'poor child, she forgot it!'put away in her soft gown, is shaken out as she starts forward when her mother comes;" + }, + { + "id": 10316, + "la": "atque illud prono praeceps agitur decursu, huic manat tristi conscius ore rubor", + "en": "then, see, onward, downward swiftly it rolls and runs, while a conscious blush creeps over her downcast face." + }, + { + "id": 10317, + "la": "Omnia qui magni dispexit lumina mundi, qui stellarum ortus comperit atque obitus, flammeus ut rapidi solis nitor obscuretur, ut cedant certis sidera temporibus, ut Triviam furtim sub Latmia saxa relegans dulcis amor gyro devocet aerio, idem me ille Conon caelesti in lumine vidit e Bereniceo vertice caesariem fulgentem clare, quam multis illa dearum levia protendens bracchia pollicitast, qua rex tempestate novo auctus hymenaeo vastatum finis iverat Assyrios, dulcia nocturnae portans vestigia rixae, quam de virgineis gesserat exuviis", + "en": "The Lock of Berenice Conon, he who scanned all the lights of the vast sky, who learnt the risings of the stars and their settings, how the flaming blaze of the swift sun suffers eclipse, how the stars recede at set seasons, how sweet love calls Trivia from her airy circuit, banishing her secretly to the rocky cave of Latmus'that same Conon saw me shining brightly among the lights of heaven, me, the lock from the head of Berenice, me whom she vowed to many of the goddesses, stretching forth her smooth arms, at that season when the king, blest in his new marriage, had gone to waste the Assyrian borders bearing the sweet scars of the nocturnal struggle he had waged to win the spoil of her virginity." + }, + { + "id": 10318, + "la": "estne novis nuptis odio Venus atque parentum frustrantur falsis gaudia lacrimulis, ubertim thalami quas intra limina fundunt?", + "en": "Is Venus hated by brides? Or do they tease the joys of eager grooms with false tears, which they shed so plentifully at the bedroom door?" + }, + { + "id": 10319, + "la": "non, ita me divi, vera gemunt, iuerint", + "en": "No, so may the gods help me, they lament not truly." + }, + { + "id": 10320, + "la": "id mea me multis docuit regina querellis invisente novo proelia torva viro", + "en": "This my queen taught me by all her lamentations, when her newly wedded husband went forth to grim war." + }, + { + "id": 10321, + "la": "et tu non orbum luxti deserta cubile, sed fratris cari flebile discidium?", + "en": "And you wept, you say, not for the desertion of your widowed bed, but for the mournful parting from your dear brother?" + }, + { + "id": 10322, + "la": "quam penitus maestas exedit cura medullas! ut tibi tum toto pectore sollicitae sensibus ereptis mens excidit!", + "en": "How sorrow gnawed the inmost marrow of your sad heart! At that time how from your whole breast did your anxious spirit fail, bereft of sense!" + }, + { + "id": 10323, + "la": "at te ego certe cognoram a parva virgine magnanimam", + "en": "and yet truly I knew you to be stout-hearted from young girlhood." + }, + { + "id": 10324, + "la": "anne bonum oblitas facinus, quo regium adeptas coniugium, quo non fortius ausit alis?", + "en": "Have you forgotten the brave deed by which you gained a royal marriage, braver deed than which none other could ever dare?" + }, + { + "id": 10325, + "la": "sed tum maesta virum mittens quae verba locutas!", + "en": "But at that time in your grief, when parting from your husband, what words did you utter!" + }, + { + "id": 10326, + "la": "Iuppiter, ut tristi lumina saepe manu!", + "en": "How often, O Jupiter, did you brush away the tears with your hand!" + }, + { + "id": 10327, + "la": "quis te mutavit tantus deus?", + "en": "What mighty god has changed you thus?" + }, + { + "id": 10328, + "la": "an quod amantes non longe a caro corpore abesse volunt?", + "en": "is it that lovers cannot bear to be far away from the side of him they love?" + }, + { + "id": 10329, + "la": "atque ibi me cunctis pro dulci coniuge divis non sine taurino sanguine pollicitas, si reditum tetulisset", + "en": "And there to all the gods for your dear husbands welfare you vowed me not without blood of bulls, if he should complete his return." + }, + { + "id": 10330, + "la": "is haud in tempore longo captam Asiam Aegypti finibus addiderat", + "en": "He in no long time had added conquered Asia to the territories of Egypt." + }, + { + "id": 10331, + "la": "quis ego pro factis caelesti reddita coetu pristina vota novo munere dissoluo", + "en": "This is done; and now I am given as due to the host of heaven, and pay your former vows with a new offering." + }, + { + "id": 10332, + "la": "invita, o regina, tuo de vertice cessi, invita:", + "en": "Unwillingly, O queen, I was parted from your head, unwillingly," + }, + { + "id": 10333, + "la": "adiuro teque tuumque caput, digna ferat quod siquis inaniter adiurarit:", + "en": "I swear both by you and by your head; by which if any swear vainly, let him reap a worthy recompense'" + }, + { + "id": 10334, + "la": "sed qui se ferro postulet esse parem?", + "en": "but what man can claim to be as strong as steel?" + }, + { + "id": 10335, + "la": "ille quoque eversus mons est, quem maximum in oris progenies Thiae clara supervehitur, cum Medi peperere novum mare, cumque iuventus per medium classi barbara navit Athon", + "en": "Even that mountain was overthrown, the greatest of all in those shores which the bright son of Thia traverses, when the Medes created a new sea, and when the youth of Persia swam in their fleet through mid Athos." + }, + { + "id": 10336, + "la": "quid facient crines, cum ferro talia cedant?", + "en": "What shall locks of hair do, when such things as this yield to steel?" + }, + { + "id": 10337, + "la": "Iuppiter, ut Chalybon omne genus pereat, et qui principio sub terra quaerere venas institit ac ferri stringere duritiem!", + "en": "O, Jupiter, may all the race of the Chalybes perish, and he, who first began to seek for veins underground, and to forge hard bars of iron!" + }, + { + "id": 10338, + "la": "abiunctae paulo ante comae mea fata sorores lugebant, cum se Memnonis Aethiopis unigena impellens nutantibus aera pennis obtulit Arsinoes Locridos ales equus, isque per aetherias me tollens avolat umbras et Veneris casto collocat in gremio", + "en": "My sister locks were mourning for my fate, sundered from them just before, when the own brother of Ethiopian Memnon appeared, striking the air with waving wings, the winged steed of Locrian Arsinoe. And he sweeping me away flies through the airs of heaven and places me in the holy bosom of Venus." + }, + { + "id": 10339, + "la": "ipsa suum Zephyritis eo famulum legarat, Graia Canopeis incola litoribus", + "en": "On that service had the Lady of Zephyrium, the Grecian queen, who sojourns on the shores of Canopus, herself sent her own minister." + }, + { + "id": 10340, + "la": "hic liquidi vario ne solum in lumine caeli ex Ariadnaeis aurea temporibus fixa corona foret, sed nos quoque fulgeremus devotae flavi verticis exuviae, uvidulam a fluctu cedentem ad templa deum me sidus in antiquis diva novum posuit:", + "en": "Hereupon, that among the various lights of the clear sky, not only should the golden crown taken from the brows of Ariadne be fixed, but that I also might shine, the dedicated spoil of Berenices sunny head'me too, wet from the waves as I came to the abodes of the gods, me a new constellation among the ancient stars did the goddess set;" + }, + { + "id": 10341, + "la": "Virginis et saevi contingens namque Leonis lumina, Callisto iuncta Lycaoniae, vertor in occasum, tardum dux ante Booten, qui vix sero alto mergitur Oceano", + "en": "for I, touching the fires of the Virgin and the raging Lion, and close by Callisto daughter of Lycaon, move to my setting, while I point the way before slow Bootes, who scarce late at night dips in deep ocean." + }, + { + "id": 10342, + "la": "sed quamquam me nocte premunt vestigia divum, lux autem canae Tethyi restituit,", + "en": "But though at night the footsteps of the gods press close upon me, whilst by day I am restored to gray Tethys" + }, + { + "id": 10343, + "la": "(pace tua fari hic liceat, Rhamnusia virgo, namque ego non ullo vera timore tegam", + "en": "(under thy sufferance let me speak this, O Virgin of Rhamnus; no fear shall make me hide the truth, no," + }, + { + "id": 10344, + "la": "nec si me infestis discerpent sidera dictis, condita quin veri pectoris evoluam):", + "en": "not even though the stars shall rend me with angry words will I refrain from uttering the secrets of a true heart)," + }, + { + "id": 10345, + "la": "non his tam laetor rebus, quam me afore semper, afore me a dominae vertice discrucior, quicum ego, dum virgo quondam fuit, omnibus expers unguentis, una vilia multa bibi", + "en": "I do not so much rejoice in this good fortune, as grieve that parted, ever parted must I be from the head of my lady; with whom of old, while she was still a virgin, enjoying no matrons perfumes, I drank many frugal scents." + }, + { + "id": 10346, + "la": "nunc vos, optato cum iunxit lumine taeda, non prius unanimis corpora coniugibus tradite nudantes reiecta veste papillas quam iucunda mihi munera libet onyx, vester onyx, casto colitis quae iura cubili", + "en": "Now, ye maidens, when the torch has united you with welcome light, yield not your bodies to your loving spouses, baring your breasts with vesture opened, before the onyx jar offers pleasant gifts to me, the jar which is yours, who reverence marriage in chaste wedlock." + }, + { + "id": 10347, + "la": "sed quae se impuro dedit adulterio, illius a, mala dona levis bibat irrita pulvis: namque ego ab indignis praemia nulla peto", + "en": "But as for her who gives herself up to foul adultery, ah! let the light dust drink up her worthless gifts unratified: for I ask no offerings from the unworthy." + }, + { + "id": 10348, + "la": "sed magis, o nuptae, semper concordia vestras, semper amor sedes incolat assiduus", + "en": "But rather, O ye brides, may concord evermore dwell in your homes, ever abiding Love." + }, + { + "id": 10349, + "la": "tu vero, regina, tuens cum sidera divam placabis festis luminibus Venerem, unguinis expertem non siveris esse tuam me, sed potius largis affice muneribus", + "en": "And you, my queen, when gazing up to the stars you propitiate Venus on festive days, let not me your handmaid want perfumes, but rather enrich me with bounteous gifts." + }, + { + "id": 10350, + "la": "sidera corruerint!", + "en": "Let the stars go hang!" + }, + { + "id": 10351, + "la": "iterum coma regia fiam: proximus Hydrochoi fulgoret Oarion", + "en": "I would fain be the queens lock once more; then let Orion blaze next to Aquarius." + }, + { + "id": 10352, + "la": "Odvlci iucunda viro, iucunda parenti, salve, teque bona Iuppiter auctet ope, ianua, quam Balbo dicunt servisse benigne olim, cum sedes ipse senex tenuit, quamque ferunt rursus nato servisse maligne, postquam es porrecto facta marita sene", + "en": "Catullus Hail, house-door, dear to a well-beloved husband and dear to a father, hail, and may Jupiter bless you with kindly help: they say, door, that you once did kindly service to Balbus, when the old man himself held the house, and since then, as they tell us, you did grudging service to his son, after the old man died and was buried and you became the door of a wedded house." + }, + { + "id": 10353, + "la": "dic agedum nobis, quare mutata feraris in dominum veterem deseruisse fidem", + "en": "Come tell us why you are said to be changed, and to have deserted your old faithfulness to your master." + }, + { + "id": 10354, + "la": "non (ita Caecilio placeam, cui tradita nunc sum) culpa meast, quamquam dicitur esse mea, nec peccatum a me quisquam pote dicere quicquam:", + "en": "House-door It is not'so may I please Caecilius, whose property I am now become'it is not my fault, though it is said to be mine, nor can any one speak of any wrong done by me." + }, + { + "id": 10355, + "la": "verum istuc populi lingua quiete tegit, qui, quacumque aliquid reperitur non bene factum, ad me omnes clamant: ianua, culpa tuast.", + "en": "But of course peoples tongues keep quiet about this fact; all of them, whenever any ill deed is discovered, cry out to me, House-door, the fault is yours." + }, + { + "id": 10356, + "la": "non istuc satis est uno te dicere verbo, sec facere ut quivis sentiat et videat", + "en": "It is not enough for you to say that with a single word, but so to do that any one may feel it and see it." + }, + { + "id": 10357, + "la": "qui possum? nemo quaerit nec scire laborat.", + "en": "How can I? No one asks or cares to know." + }, + { + "id": 10358, + "la": "nos volumus: nobis dicere ne dubita", + "en": "I wish to know'do not scruple to tell me." + }, + { + "id": 10359, + "la": "primum igitur, virgo quod fertur tradita nobis, falsumst", + "en": "First then, that she came to us a virgin is untrue." + }, + { + "id": 10360, + "la": "non illam vir prior attigerat, languidior tenera cui pendens sicula beta numquam se mediam sustulit ad tunicam:", + "en": "Her former husband had not touched her: his dagger dangled more limply than an unripe beet and never rose to the middle of his tunic." + }, + { + "id": 10361, + "la": "sed pater illius gnati violasse cubile dicitur et miseram conscelerasse domum;", + "en": "But the story goes that the father violated the bed of that son and disgraced the wretched family." + }, + { + "id": 10362, + "la": "sive quod impia mens caeco flagrabat amore, seu quod iners sterili semine natus erat, et quaerendum unde foret nervosius illud, quod posset zonam solvere virgineam.", + "en": "Perhaps his wicked mind lusted with ungovernable passion; perhaps the son was of sterile seed and impotent, and from somewhere or other had to be found a stronger force to loose the maidens girdle." + }, + { + "id": 10363, + "la": "egregium narras mira pietate parentem, qui ipse sui gnati minxerit in gremium", + "en": "This is a marvellously devoted father you speak of, piddling in his own sons lap!" + }, + { + "id": 10364, + "la": "atqui non solum hoc se dicit cognitum habere Brixia Cycneae supposita speculae, flavus quam molli praecurrit flumine Mella, Brixia Veronae mater amata meae;", + "en": "And yet not only this does Brixia say she well knows, Brixia that lies beneath the citadel of Cygnus, the town past which runs the soft stream of golden Mella, Brixia dear mother of my own Verona;" + }, + { + "id": 10365, + "la": "sed de Postumio et Corneli narrat amore, cum quibus illa malum fecit adulterium", + "en": "but she tells stories about Postumius, and the amours of Cornelius, with whom she committed base adultery." + }, + { + "id": 10366, + "la": "dixerit hic aliquis: qui tu istaec, ianua, nosti? cui numquam domini limine abesse licet, nec populum auscultare, sed hic suffixa tigillo tantum operire soles aut aperire domum?", + "en": "Here someone will say: House-door, how do you know this, you who can never leave your masters threshold, nor hear the townsfolk, but fixed under this lintel have nothing to do but to shut or open the house?" + }, + { + "id": 10367, + "la": "saepe illam audivi furtiva voce loquentem solam cum ancillis haec sua flagitia, nomine dicentem quos diximus, ut pote quae mi speraret nec linguam esse nec auriculam", + "en": "Well, I have often heard her telling these crimes of hers with hushed voice alone with her maids, speaking of those by name of whom I spoke; she thought, no doubt, that I had neither tongue nor ear." + }, + { + "id": 10368, + "la": "praeterea addebat quendam, quem dicere nolo nomine, ne tollat rubra supercilia", + "en": "She added besides one whom I do not choose to mention by name, lest he should arch his red brows." + }, + { + "id": 10369, + "la": "longus homost, magnas cui lites intulit olim falsum mendaci ventre puerperium.", + "en": "He is a tall man, and was once troubled with a great lawsuit, from a falsely imputed childbirth." + }, + { + "id": 10370, + "la": "Qvod mihi fortuna casuque oppressus acerbo conscriptum hoc lacrimis mittis epistolium, naufragum ut eiectum spumantibus aequoris undis sublevem et a mortis limine restituam, quem neque sancta Venus molli requiescere somno desertum in lecto caelibe perpetitur, nec veterum dulci scriptorum carmine Musae oblectant, cum mens anxia pervigilat;", + "en": "To Manlius That you, weighed down as you are by fortune and bitter chance, should send me this letter written with tears, to bid me succour a shipwrecked man cast up by the foaming waters of the sea, and restore him from the threshold of death, whom neither does holy Venus suffer to rest, deserted in his widowed bed, nor do the Muses charm him with the sweet poetry of ancient writers, when his mind keeps anxious vigil;'" + }, + { + "id": 10371, + "la": "id gratumst mihi, me quoniam tibi dicis amicum, muneraque et Musarum hinc petis et Veneris:", + "en": "this is grateful to me, since you call me your friend, and come to me for the gifts of the Muses and of Love." + }, + { + "id": 10372, + "la": "sed tibi ne mea sint ignota incommoda, Manli, neu me odisse putes hospitis officium, accipe, quis merser fortunae fluctibus ipse, ne amplius a misero dona beata petas", + "en": "But, dear Manlius,1 that my troubles may not be unknown to you, and that you may not think I am tired of the duty of a friend, let me tell you what are the waves of fortune in which I too am whelmed; so will you not again require gifts of happiness from one who is unblest." + }, + { + "id": 10373, + "la": "tempore quo primum vestis mihi tradita purast, iucundum cum aetas florida ver ageret, multa satis lusi:", + "en": "At the time when first a white dress was given to me, when my youth in its flower was keeping jocund spring-time, I wrote merry poems enough;" + }, + { + "id": 10374, + "la": "non est dea nescia nostri, quae dulcem curis miscet amaritiem:", + "en": "not unknown am I to the goddess who mingles with her cares a sweet bitterness." + }, + { + "id": 10375, + "la": "sed totum hoc studium luctu fraterna mihi mors abstulit", + "en": "But all care for this is gone from me by my brothers death." + }, + { + "id": 10376, + "la": "o misero frater adempte mihi, tu mea tu moriens fregisti commoda, frater, tecum una totast nostra sepulta domus, omnia tecum una perierunt gaudia nostra, quae tuus in vita dulcis alebat amor", + "en": "Ah me unhappy, who have lost you, my brother! You, brother, you by your death have destroyed my happiness; with you all my house is buried. With you all my joys have died, which your sweet love cherished, while yet you lived." + }, + { + "id": 10377, + "la": "cuius ego interitu tota de mente fugavi haec studia atque omnes delicias animi", + "en": "By reason of your death, I have banished from all my mind these thoughts and all the pleasures of my heart." + }, + { + "id": 10378, + "la": "quare, quod scribis Veronae turpe Catullo esse, quod hic quisquis de meliore nota frigida deserto tepefactet membra cubili, id, Manli, non est turpe, magis miserumst", + "en": "And so, when you write that it is a shame for Catullus to be in Verona, where all the young men of the upper class must warm their limbs in an empty bed, that is, Manlius, not so much a shame as a sorrow." + }, + { + "id": 10379, + "la": "ignosces igitur, si, quae mihi luctus ademit, haec tibi non tribuo munera, cum nequeo", + "en": "Pardon me then if I do not, because I cannot, present you with those gifts which grief has snatched away." + }, + { + "id": 10380, + "la": "nam, quod scriptorum non magnast copia apud me, hoc fit, quod Romae vivimus:", + "en": "For as for my not having plenty of authors at hand, that is because I live at Rome:" + }, + { + "id": 10381, + "la": "illa domus, illa mihi sedes, illic mea carpitur aetas:", + "en": "that is my home, that is my abode, there my life is spent;" + }, + { + "id": 10382, + "la": "huc una ex multis capsula me sequitur", + "en": "when I come here only one small box out of many attends me." + }, + { + "id": 10383, + "la": "quod cum ita sit, nolim statuas nos mente maligna id facere aut animo non satis ingenuo, quod tibi non utriusque petenti copia praesto est:", + "en": "And since this is so, I would not have you judge that it is due to niggardly mind or ungenerous temper, that you have not received a full supply of what you ask of each kind1:" + }, + { + "id": 10384, + "la": "ultro ego deferrem, copia siqua foret", + "en": "I would have offered it unasked, if I had any such resources." + }, + { + "id": 10385, + "la": "Non possum reticere, deae, qua me Allius in re iuverit aut quantis iuverit officiis:", + "en": "I cannot, O ye goddesses, refrain from telling what the matter was in which Allius helped me, and how greatly he helped me by his services," + }, + { + "id": 10386, + "la": "ne fugiens saeclis obliviscentibus aetas illius hoc caeca nocte tegat studium:", + "en": "lest time flying with forgetful ages hide in blind night this kindly zeal of his." + }, + { + "id": 10387, + "la": "sed dicam vobis, vos porro dicite multis milibus et facite haec charta loquatur anus, versibus ut nostris etiam post funera vivat, notescatque magis mortuus atque magis, nec tenuem texens sublimis aranea telam in deserto Alli nomine opus faciat", + "en": "But to you I will tell it; do you hand on the tale to many thousands, and let the paper speak this in its old age, so that he may continue to live on in my verses even after his death, and indeed, when dead, become more and more renowned; and let not the spider who weaves her thin web aloft spread her work over the neglected name of Allius." + }, + { + "id": 10388, + "la": "nam mihi quam dederit duplex Amathusia curam, scitis, et in quo me torruerit genere, cum tantum arderem quantum Trinacria rupes lymphaque in Oetaeis Malia Thermopylis, maesta neque assiduo tabescere lumina fletu cessarent tristique imbre madere genae", + "en": "For how much sorrow of heart the wily goddess of Amathus gave me, ye know, and in what fashion she scorched me, when I was burning as hotly as the Trinacrian rock and the Malian water at Oetean Thermopylae, when my sad eyes never rested from wasting with perpetual tears, nor my cheeks from streaming with a flood of sorrow." + }, + { + "id": 10389, + "la": "qualis in aerii perlucens vertice montis rivus muscoso prosilit e lapide, qui cum de prona praeceps est valle volutus, per medium densi transit iter populi, dulce viatori lasso in sudore levamen, cum gravis exustos aestus hiulcat agros;", + "en": "As at the top of a lofty mountain a bright stream leaps forth from a moss-grown rock, and gushing headlong down the steep valley crosses the mid way thronged by the people, a sweet solace in his labour to the weary wayfarer when sultry heat makes the parched fields to gape;" + }, + { + "id": 10390, + "la": "ac velut in nigro iactatis turbine nautis lenius aspirans aura secunda venit iam prece Pollucis, iam Castoris implorata, tale fuit nobis Allius auxilium", + "en": "and as to mariners tossed by the black storm comes a favouring breeze with gentler breath, sought by prayer now to Pollux, now to Castor;'such an aid to me was Allius;" + }, + { + "id": 10391, + "la": "is clausum lato patefecit limite campum, isque domum nobis isque dedit dominam, ad quam communes exerceremus amores", + "en": "he opened a broad track across the fenced field, he gave me access to a house and its mistress, under whose roof we should together enjoy each our own love." + }, + { + "id": 10392, + "la": "quo mea se molli candida diva pede intulit et trito fulgentem in limine plantam innixa arguta constituit solea;", + "en": "Thither my fair goddess delicately stepped, and set the sole of her shining foot on the smooth threshold, as she pressed on her slender1 sandal:" + }, + { + "id": 10393, + "la": "coniugis ut quondam flagrans advenit amore Protesilaam Laodamia domum inceptam frustra, nondum cum sanguine sacro hostia caelestis pacificasset eros", + "en": "even as once Laodamia came burning with love to the house of Protesilaus, that house begun in vain, since not yet had a victims sacred blood appeased the Lords of heaven." + }, + { + "id": 10394, + "la": "nil mihi tam valde placeat, Rhamnusia virgo, quod temere invitis suscipiatur eris", + "en": "Lady of Rhamnus, never may that please me which is undertaken amiss without the will of our Lords." + }, + { + "id": 10395, + "la": "quam ieiuna pium desideret ara cruorem, doctast amisso Laodamia viro, coniugis ante coacta novi dimittere collum quam veniens una atque altera rursus hiemps noctibus in longis avidum saturasset amorem, posset ut abrupto vivere coniugio, quod scibant Parcae non longo tempore abesse, si miles muros isset ad Iliacos:", + "en": "How much the starved altar craves for the blood of pious sacrifices, Laodamia learnt by the loss of her husband, forced to loose her arms from the neck of her new spouse, before the coming of one and then a second winter with its long nights should content her passionate love, that she might endure to live, though her husband was taken from her;2 and this the Fates knew would come in no long time, if once he went as a soldier to the walls of Ilium." + }, + { + "id": 10396, + "la": "nam tum Helenae raptu primores Argivorum coeperat ad sese Troia ciere viros, Troia (nefas) commune sepulcrum Asiae Europaeque, Troia virum et virtutum omnium acerba cinis, quaene etiam nostro letum miserabile fratri attulit", + "en": "For then it was, because of the rape of Helen, that Troy began to summon against herself the chieftains of the Argives, Troy'O horror!'the common grave of Europe and Asia, Troy the untimely tomb of all heroes and heroic deeds: Troy brought pitiable death to my brother also;" + }, + { + "id": 10397, + "la": "ei misero frater adempte mihi, ei misero fratri iucundum lumen ademptum, tecum una totast nostra sepulta domus;", + "en": "alas! my brother, taken from me unhappy, alas! dear light of my eyes, taken from thy unhappy brother: with thee now is all my house buried;" + }, + { + "id": 10398, + "la": "omnia tecum una perierunt gaudia nostra, quae tuus in vita dulcis alebat amor", + "en": "all my joys have perished together with thee, which while thou wert alive thy sweet love cherished." + }, + { + "id": 10399, + "la": "quem nunc tam longe non inter nota sepulcra nec prope cognatos compositum cineres, sed Troia obscena, Troia infelice sepultum detinet extremo terra aliena solo", + "en": "Thee now far, far away, not among familiar graves, nor laid to rest near the ashes of thy kinsfolk, but buried in hateful Troy, ill-omened Troy, a foreign land holds in a distant soil." + }, + { + "id": 10400, + "la": "ad quam tum properans fertur undique pubes Graeca penetralis deseruisse focos, ne Paris abducta gavisus libera moecha otia pacato degeret in thalamo", + "en": "To Troy at that time all the youth of Greece is said to have hastened together, deserting their hearths and homes, that Paris might not enjoy undisturbed leisure in a peaceful chamber, rejoicing in the rape of his paramour." + }, + { + "id": 10401, + "la": "quo tibi tum casu, pulcherrima Laodamia, ereptumst vita dulcius atque anima coniugium:", + "en": "By that sad chance then, fairest Laodamia, wast thou bereft of thy husband, sweeter to thee than life and soul;" + }, + { + "id": 10402, + "la": "tanto te absorbens vertice amoris aestus in abruptum detulerat barathrum,", + "en": "so strong the tide of love, so whelming the eddy that bore thee to the sheer abyss," + }, + { + "id": 10403, + "la": "quale ferunt Grai Pheneum prope Cyllenaeum siccare emulsa pingue palude solum,", + "en": "deep as that gulf which (say the Greeks) near Cyllenian Pheneus drains away the swamp, and dries up the rich soil" + }, + { + "id": 10404, + "la": "quod quondam caesis montis fodisse medullis audit falsiparens Amphitryoniades,", + "en": "which of old the false-fathered son of Amphitryon is said to have dug out, cutting away the heart of the hill," + }, + { + "id": 10405, + "la": "tempore quo certa Stymphalia monstra sagitta perculit imperio deterioris eri,", + "en": "what time with sure shaft he hit the monsters of Stymphalus at the bidding of a meaner lord," + }, + { + "id": 10406, + "la": "pluribus ut caeli tereretur ianua divis, Hebe nec longa virginitate foret", + "en": "that the door of heaven might be frequented by more gods, and that Hebe might not long be unmated." + }, + { + "id": 10407, + "la": "sed tuus altus amor barathro fuit altior illo, qui tamen indomitam ferre iugum docuit;", + "en": "But deeper than that gulf was thy deep love, which taught thee though untamed to bear the yoke." + }, + { + "id": 10408, + "la": "nam nec tam carum confecto aetate parenti una caput seri nata nepotis alit, qui, cum divitiis vix tandem inventus avitis nomen testatas intulit in tabulas, impia derisi gentilis gaudia tollens suscitat a cano vulturium capiti:", + "en": "Not so dear to her age-stricken parent is the head of the late-born grandchild which his only daughter nurses, who, scarce at length appearing as an heir to ancestral wealth, and having his name brought into the witnessed tablets, puts an end to the unnatural joy of the kinsman, now in his turn derided, and drives away the vulture that waits for the hoary head;" + }, + { + "id": 10409, + "la": "nec tantum niveo gavisast ulla columbo compar, quae multo dicitur improbius oscula mordenti semper decerpere rostro, quam quae praecipue multivolast mulier", + "en": "nor did ever dove delight so much in her snowy mate, though the dove bites and bills and snatches kisses more wantonly than any woman, be she amorous beyond others measure." + }, + { + "id": 10410, + "la": "sed tu horum magnos vicisti sola furores, ut semel es flavo conciliata viro", + "en": "You alone surpassed the passion of these, when once you were matched with your golden-haired husband." + }, + { + "id": 10411, + "la": "aut nihil aut paulo cui tum concedere digna lux mea se nostrum contulit in gremium, quam circumcursans hinc illinc saepe Cupido fulgebat crocina candidus in tunica", + "en": "Even so kind, or but little less, was she, my bright one, who came into my arms; and often around her flitting hither and thither Cupid shone fair in vest of saffron hue." + }, + { + "id": 10412, + "la": "quae tamen etsi uno non est contenta Catullo, rara verecundae furta feremus erae, ne nimium simus stultorum more molesti", + "en": "And though she is not content with Catullus alone, I will bear the faults, for few they are, of my modest mistress, lest we become as tiresome as jealous fools." + }, + { + "id": 10413, + "la": "saepe etiam Iuno, maxima caelicolum, coniugis in culpa flagrantem contudit iram, noscens omnivoli plurima furta Iovis", + "en": "Juno, too, greatest of the heavenly ones, has often beaten down her anger for her husbands fault, as she learns the many loves of all-amorous Jove." + }, + { + "id": 10414, + "la": "nec tamen illa mihi dextra deducta paterna fragrantem Assyrio venit odore domum, sed furtiva dedit mira munuscula nocte, ipsius ex ipso dempta viri gremio", + "en": "And after all she did not come for me led by her fathers hand into a house fragrant with Assyrian odours, but gave me in the wondrous2 night sweet stolen gifts, taken from the very bosom of her husband himself." + }, + { + "id": 10415, + "la": "quare illud satis est, si nobis is datur unis, quem lapide illa diem candidiore notat", + "en": "Wherefore it is enough if to me alone is granted the day which she marks with a whiter stone." + }, + { + "id": 10416, + "la": "Hoc tibi, quod potui, confectum carmine munus pro multis, Alli, redditur officiis, ne vestrum scabra tangat rubigine nomen haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia", + "en": "This gift'twas all I could'set forth in verse is returned to you, Allius, for many kind offices; lest this and that day, and another and another should touch your name with corroding rust." + }, + { + "id": 10417, + "la": "huc addent divi quam plurima, quae Themis olim antiquis solitast munera ferre piis:", + "en": "To this the gods will add those countless gifts which Themis of old was wont to give to pious men of ancient time." + }, + { + "id": 10418, + "la": "sitis felices et tu simul et tua vita, et domus ipsa, in qua lusimus, et domina, et qui principio nobis terram dedit aufert, a quo sunt primo mi omnia nata bona, et longe ante omnes mihi quae me carior ipsost, lux mea, qua viva vivere dulce mihist", + "en": "May ye be happy, both you, and with you your dear Life, and the house in which you and I sported, and its mistress, and he who first gave you to me, from whom first all those good things had their springing for me. And far before all, she who is dearer to me than myself, my Light, whose life alone makes it sweet to me to live." + }, + { + "id": 10419, + "la": "Noli admirari, quare tibi femina nulla, Rufe, velit tenerum supposuisse femur, non si illam rarae labefactes munere vestis aut perluciduli deliciis lapidis", + "en": "You need not wonder why no dainty woman cares to come to your arms, Rufus, not though you may shake her by the gift of a dress of fine texture, or some delightful transparent jewel." + }, + { + "id": 10420, + "la": "laedit te quaedam mala fabula, qua tibi fertur valle sub alarum trux habitare caper", + "en": "What hurts you is a slander that says you have the rank goat under your armpits:" + }, + { + "id": 10421, + "la": "hunc metuunt omnes", + "en": "this is what they all fear," + }, + { + "id": 10422, + "la": "neque mirum: nam mala valdest bestia, nec quicum bella puella cubet", + "en": "and no wonder; tis a horrid beast, and no bedfellow for a pretty girl." + }, + { + "id": 10423, + "la": "quare aut crudelem nasorum interfice pestem aut admirari desine cur fugiunt", + "en": "Then kill that which so cruelly outrages our noses, or wonder no more why they run away." + }, + { + "id": 10424, + "la": "Nvlli se dicit mulier mea nubere malle quam mihi, non si se Iuppiter ipse petat", + "en": "The woman I love says that there is no one whom she would rather marry than me, not if Jupiter himself were to woo her." + }, + { + "id": 10425, + "la": "dicit: sed mulier cupido quod dicit amanti in vento et rapida scribere oportet aqua", + "en": "Says;'but what a woman says to her ardent lover should be written in wind and running water." + }, + { + "id": 10426, + "la": "Siqvoi iure bono sacer alarum obstitit hircus, aut siquem merito tarda podagra secat, aemulus iste, toro qui vestro exercet amorem, mirificest a te nactus utrumque malum", + "en": "If ever a good fellow was justly affected with the vile stench of the armpits, or anyone was scourged for his sins with the gout, that rival who makes love in your bed has caught both maladies from you to a marvel;" + }, + { + "id": 10427, + "la": "nam quotiens futuit, totiens ulciscitur ambos: illam affligit odore, ipse perit podagra", + "en": "for every time he gets on the job, he punishes them both: he tortures her with the odour, dying himself of the gout." + }, + { + "id": 10428, + "la": "Dicebas quondam solum te nosse Catullum, Lesbia, nec prae me velle tenere Iovem", + "en": "You used once to say that Catullus was your only friend, Lesbia, and that you would not prefer Jupiter himself to me." + }, + { + "id": 10429, + "la": "dilexi tum te non tantum ut vulgus amicam, sed pater ut gnatos diligit et generos", + "en": "I loved you then, not only as the common sort love a mistress, but as a father loves his sons and sons-in-law." + }, + { + "id": 10430, + "la": "nunc te cognovi: quare etsi impensius uror, multo mi tamen es vilior et levior", + "en": "Now I know you; and therefore, though I burn more ardently, yet you are in my sight much less worthy and lighter." + }, + { + "id": 10431, + "la": "qui potis est? inquis", + "en": "How can that be? you say." + }, + { + "id": 10432, + "la": "quod amantem iniuria talis cogit amare magis, sed bene velle minus", + "en": "Because such an injury as this drives a lover to be more of a lover, but less of a friend." + }, + { + "id": 10433, + "la": "Desine de quoquam quicquam bene velle mereri aut aliquem fieri posse putare pium", + "en": "Leave off wishing to deserve any thanks from any one, or thinking that any one can ever become grateful." + }, + { + "id": 10434, + "la": "omnia sunt ingrata; nihil fecisse benignest, immo etiam taedet, obestque magis:", + "en": "All this wins no thanks; to have acted kindly is nothing, rather it is wearisome, wearisome and harmful;" + }, + { + "id": 10435, + "la": "ut mihi, quem nemo gravius nec acerbius urget, quam modo qui me unum atque unicum amicum habuit", + "en": "so it is now with me, who am vexed and troubled by no one so bitterly as by him who but now held me for his one and only friend." + }, + { + "id": 10436, + "la": "Gellivs audierat, patruum obiurgare solere siquis delicias diceret aut faceret", + "en": "Gellius had heard that his uncle used to reprove any one who spoke of or indulged in sex." + }, + { + "id": 10437, + "la": "hoc ne ipsi accideret, patrui perdepsuit ipsam uxorem et patruum reddidit Harpocraten", + "en": "To avoid this himself, he seduced his uncles own wife, and so made him dumbness on a monument." + }, + { + "id": 10438, + "la": "quod voluit fecit: nam, quamvis irrumet ipsum nunc patruum, verbum non faciet patruus", + "en": "He did what he wanted; for even if he should stuff the uncle himself, uncle will not say a word." + }, + { + "id": 10439, + "la": "Hvc est mens deducta tua mea, Lesbia, culpa, atque ita se officio perdidit ipsa suo, ut iam nec bene velle queat tibi, si optima fias, nec desistere amare, omnia si facias", + "en": "To this point is my mind reduced by your perfidy, Lesbia, and has so ruined itself by its own devotion, that now it can neither wish you well though you should become the best of women, nor cease to love you though you do the worst that can be done." + }, + { + "id": 10440, + "la": "Siqva recordanti benefacta priora voluptas est homini, cum se cogitat esse pium, nec sanctam violasse fidem, nec foedere in ullo divum ad fallendos numine abusum homines, multa parata manent in longa aetate, Catulle, ex hoc ingrato gaudia amore tibi", + "en": "If a man can take any pleasure in recalling the thought of kindness done, when he thinks that he has been a true friend; and that he has not broken sacred faith, nor in any compact has used the majesty of the gods in order to deceive men, then there are many joys in a long life for you, Catullus, earned from this thankless love." + }, + { + "id": 10441, + "la": "nam quaecumque homines bene cuiquam aut dicere possunt aut facere, haec a te dictaque factaque sunt;", + "en": "For whatever kindness man can do anyone by word or deed has been said and done by you." + }, + { + "id": 10442, + "la": "omnia quae ingratae perierunt credita menti", + "en": "All this was entrusted to an ungrateful heart, and is lost:" + }, + { + "id": 10443, + "la": "quare cur tu te iam amplius excrucies?", + "en": "why then should you torment yourself now any more?" + }, + { + "id": 10444, + "la": "quin tu animum offirmas atque istinc teque reducis et dis invitis desinis esse miser?", + "en": "Why do you not settle your mind firmly, and draw back, and cease to be miserable, in despite of the gods?" + }, + { + "id": 10445, + "la": "difficilest longum subito deponere amorem", + "en": "It is difficult suddenly to lay aside a long-cherished love." + }, + { + "id": 10446, + "la": "difficilest, verum hoc qualubet efficias", + "en": "It is difficult; but you should accomplish it, one way or another." + }, + { + "id": 10447, + "la": "una salus haec est, hoc est tibi pervincendum: hoc facias, sive id non pote sive pote", + "en": "This is the only safety, this you must carry through, this you are to do, whether it is possible or impossible." + }, + { + "id": 10448, + "la": "o di, si vestrumst misereri, aut si quibus umquam extremam iam ipsa in morte tulistis opem, me miserum aspicite et, si vitam puriter egi, eripite hanc pestem perniciemque mihi", + "en": "Ye gods, if mercy is your attribute, or if ye ever brought aid to any at the very moment of death, look upon me in my trouble, and if I have led a pure life, take away this plague and ruin from me." + }, + { + "id": 10449, + "la": "heu, mihi surrepens imos ut torpor in artus expulit ex omni pectore laetitias!", + "en": "Ah me! what a lethargy creeps into my inmost joints, and has cast out all joys from my heart!" + }, + { + "id": 10450, + "la": "non iam illud quaero, contra me ut diligat illa, aut, quod non potis est, esse pudica velit: ipse valere opto et taetrum hunc deponere morbum", + "en": "No longer is this my prayer, that she should love me in return, or, for that is impossible, that she should consent to be chaste. I would myself be well again and put away this baleful sickness." + }, + { + "id": 10451, + "la": "o di, reddite mi hoc pro pietate mea", + "en": "O ye gods, grant me this in return for my piety." + }, + { + "id": 10452, + "la": "Rvfe mihi frustra ac nequiquam credite amico (frustra? immo magno cum pretio atque malo), sicine subrepsti mi, atque intestina perurens ei misero eripuisti omnia nostra bona? eripuisti, eheu nostrae crudele venenum vitae, eheu nostrae pestis amicitiae", + "en": "Rufus, whom I, your friend, trusted in vain, and to no purpose'in vain? nay, rather at a great and ruinous price'have you stolen into my heart and burning into my vitals torn away, alas, all my blessings? Torn away, alas, alas! you the cruel poison of my life, alas, alas! you the deadly bane of my friendship." + }, + { + "id": 10453, + "la": "Gallvs habet fratres, quorumst lepidissima coniunx alterius, lepidus filius alterius", + "en": "Gallus has two brothers; one has a most charming wife, the other a charming boy." + }, + { + "id": 10454, + "la": "Gallus homost bellus: nam dulces iungit amores, cum puero ut bello bella puella cubet", + "en": "Gallus is a gallant: he helps loves course, and brings the gallant lad to the bed of the gallant lass." + }, + { + "id": 10455, + "la": "Gallus homost stultus nec se videt esse maritum, qui patruus patrui monstret adulterium", + "en": "Gallus is a fool, and does not see that he has a wife of his own, when he teaches a nephew how to seduce an uncles wife." + }, + { + "id": 10456, + "la": "sed nunc id doleo, quod purae pura puellae savia comminxit spurca saliva tua", + "en": "But now what annoys me is that your nasty spittle has touched the pure lips of a pure girl." + }, + { + "id": 10457, + "la": "verum id non impune feres; nam te omnia saecla noscent, et qui sis fama loquetur anus", + "en": "But you shall not have it gratis; all generations shall know you, and beldame Rumour shall tell what you are." + }, + { + "id": 10458, + "la": "Lesbivs est pulcer: quid ni?", + "en": "Lesbius is a pretty boy; why not?" + }, + { + "id": 10459, + "la": "quem Lesbia malit quam te cum tota gente, Catulle, tua", + "en": "since Lesbia likes him better than you, Catullus, with all your kin." + }, + { + "id": 10460, + "la": "sed tamen hic pulcer vendat cum gente Catullum, si tria notorum savia reppererit", + "en": "But let this pretty boy sell Catullus and all his kin if he can find three acquaintances to vouch for him." + }, + { + "id": 10461, + "la": "Qvid dicam, Gelli, quare rosea ista labella hiberna fiant candidiora nive, mane domo cum exis et cum te octava quiete e molli longo suscitat hora die?", + "en": "What reason can I give, Gellius, why those ruddy lips become whiter than winters snow when you rise in the morning or the eighth hour awakes you from your soft siesta in the long day?" + }, + { + "id": 10462, + "la": "nescio quid certest: an vere fama susurrat grandia te medii tenta vorare viri?", + "en": "Something surely is afoot: is it true what gossip whispers, that you swallow the large tautness at a males middle?" + }, + { + "id": 10463, + "la": "sic certest: clamant Victoris rupta miselli ilia, et emulso labra notata sero", + "en": "Yes, thats surely it: the ruptured loins of poor Victor cry it aloud, and your lips stained with milked sperm." + }, + { + "id": 10464, + "la": "Nemone in tanto potuit populo esse, Iuventi, bellus homo, quem tu diligere inciperes, praeterquam iste tuus moribunda ab sede Pisauri hospes inaurata pallidior statua, qui tibi nunc cordist, quem tu praeponere nobis audes, et nescis quod facinus facias?", + "en": "Could there not, Juventius, be found in all this people a pretty fellow whom you might begin to like, besides that friend of yours from the sickly region of Pisaurum, paler than a gilded statue, who now is dear to you, whom you presume to prefer to me, and know not what a deed you do?" + }, + { + "id": 10465, + "la": "Qvinti, si tibi vis oculos debere Catullum aut aliud siquid carius est oculis, eripere ei noli, multo quod carius illi est oculis seu quid carius est oculis", + "en": "Quintius, if you wish Catullus to owe his eyes to you, or aught else that is dearer than eyes, if dearer aught there be, do not take from him what is much dearer to him than his eyes, or aught besides that dearer is than eyes." + }, + { + "id": 10466, + "la": "Lesbia mi praesente viro mala plurima dicit: haec illi fatuo maxima laetitiast", + "en": "Lesbia says many hard things to me in the presence of her husband, a great joy to the fool." + }, + { + "id": 10467, + "la": "mule, nihil sentis", + "en": "Dull mule, you understand nothing." + }, + { + "id": 10468, + "la": "si nostri oblita taceret, sana esset: nunc quod gannit et obloquitur, non solum meminit, sed quae multo acrior est res, iratast", + "en": "If she forgot me and were silent, she would be heart-whole. But as it is, her snarling and railing means this: she not only remembers, but'a much more serious thing'she is angry;" + }, + { + "id": 10469, + "la": "hoc est, uritur et loquitur", + "en": "that is, she burns, and so she talks." + }, + { + "id": 10470, + "la": "Chommoda dicebat, si quando commoda vellet dicere, et insidias Arrius hinsidias, et tum mirifice sperabat se esse locutum, cum quantum poterat dixerat hinsidias", + "en": "Arrius if he wanted to say winnings used to say whinnings, and for ambush hambush; and thought he had spoken marvellous well, whenever he said hambush with as much emphasis as possible." + }, + { + "id": 10471, + "la": "credo, sic mater, sic Liber avunculus eius, sic maternus avus dixerat atque avia, hoc misso in Syriam requierant omnibus aures:", + "en": "So, no doubt, his mother had said, so Liber1 his uncle, so his grandfather and grandmother on the mothers side. When he was sent into Syria, all our ears had a holiday;" + }, + { + "id": 10472, + "la": "audibant eadem haec leniter et leviter, nec sibi postilla metuebant talia verba, cum subito affertur nuntius horribilis, Ionios fluctus, postquam illuc Arrius isset, iam non Ionios esse, sed Hionios", + "en": "they heard the same syllables pronounced quietly and lightly, and had no fear of such words for the future: when on a sudden a dreadful message arrives, that the Ionian waves, ever since Arrius went there, are henceforth not Ionian, but Hionian." + }, + { + "id": 10473, + "la": "Odi et amo", + "en": "I Hate and love." + }, + { + "id": 10474, + "la": "quare id faciam, fortasse requiris", + "en": "Why I do so, perhaps you ask." + }, + { + "id": 10475, + "la": "nescio, sed fieri sentio et excrucior", + "en": "I know not, but I feel it, and I am in torment." + }, + { + "id": 10476, + "la": "Qvintia formosast multis;", + "en": "Quintia is thought beautiful by many;" + }, + { + "id": 10477, + "la": "mihi candida, longa, rectast", + "en": "I think her fair, tall, and straight." + }, + { + "id": 10478, + "la": "haec ego sic singula confiteor, totum illud formosa nego:", + "en": "I so far allow each of these points, but I demur to beautiful," + }, + { + "id": 10479, + "la": "nam nulla venustas, nulla in tam magnost corpore mica salis", + "en": "for she has no grace; there is not in the whole compass of her tall person one grain of salt." + }, + { + "id": 10480, + "la": "Lesbia formosast, quae cum pulcherrima totast, tum omnibus una omnis surripuit Veneres", + "en": "Lesbia is beautiful: for she possesses all the beauties, and has stolen all the graces from all the women alone for herself." + }, + { + "id": 10481, + "la": "Nvlla potest mulier tantum se dicere amatam vere, quantum a me Lesbia amata meas", + "en": "No woman can say truly that she has been loved as much as you, Lesbia mine, were loved by me." + }, + { + "id": 10482, + "la": "nulla fides ullo fuit umquam foedere tanta, quanta in amore tuo ex parte reperta meast", + "en": "No faithfulness in any bond was ever such as has been found on my part in my love for you." + }, + { + "id": 10483, + "la": "Quid facit is, Gelli, qui cum matre atque sorore prurit et abiectis pervigilat tunicis?", + "en": "What is he doing, Gellius, who keeps vigil with mother and sister, tunics all thrown off?" + }, + { + "id": 10484, + "la": "quid facit is, patruum qui non sinit esse maritum?", + "en": "What is he doing, who will not let his uncle be a husband?" + }, + { + "id": 10485, + "la": "ecquid scis quantum suscipiat sceleris?", + "en": "Do you know how much guilt he incurs?" + }, + { + "id": 10486, + "la": "suscipit, o Gelli, quantum non ultimi Tethys nec genitor lympharum abluit Oceanus:", + "en": "More he incurs than furthest Tethys can wash away, or Ocean, father of all waters:" + }, + { + "id": 10487, + "la": "nam nihil est quicquam sceleris quo prodeat ultra, non si demisso se ipse voret capite", + "en": "for there is no guilt whatever beyond for him to attain to, not even if he lowered his head and mouthed himself." + }, + { + "id": 10488, + "la": "Gellivs est tenuis: quid ni?", + "en": "Gellius is thin, and well he may be;" + }, + { + "id": 10489, + "la": "quoi tam bona mater tamque valens vivat tamque venusta soror tamque bonus patruus tamque omnia plena puellis cognatis, quare is desinat esse macer?", + "en": "with a mother so kind and so lusty and lively, and a sister so charming, and so kind an uncle, and so many girls of his acquaintance all over the place, why should he cease to be lean?" + }, + { + "id": 10490, + "la": "qui ut nihil attingat, nisi quod fas tangere non est, quantumvis quare sit macer invenies", + "en": "Even if he touch nothing but what none may touch, you will find any number of reasons why he should be lean." + }, + { + "id": 10491, + "la": "Nascatvr magus ex Gelli matrisque nefando coniugio et discat Persicum haruspicium:", + "en": "From the unholy commerce of Gellius and his mother let a wizard be born, and learn the Persian art of soothsaying;" + }, + { + "id": 10492, + "la": "nam magus ex matre et gnato gignatur oportet, si verast Persarum impia religio, gratus ut accepto veneretur carmine divos omentum in flamma pingue liquefaciens", + "en": "for a wizard must be the offspring of mother and son, if the unnatural religion of the Persians is true, so that with acceptable incantations he may offer pleasing worship to the gods, whilst melting the fat caul in the altar flame." + }, + { + "id": 10493, + "la": "Non ideo, Gelli, sperabam te mihi fidum in misero hoc nostro, hoc perdito amore fore, quod te cognossem bene constantemve putarem aut posse a turpi mentem inhibere probro, sed neque quod matrem nec germanam esse videbam hanc tibi, cuius me magnus edebat amor", + "en": "I hoped, Gellius, that you would be true to me in this miserable, this ruinous love of mine, not on the ground that I knew you,1 or thought that you were truly honourable or could restrain your mind from baseness or villainy, but because I saw that she, whose mighty love was consuming me, was neither mother nor sister of yours." + }, + { + "id": 10494, + "la": "et quamvis tecum multo coniungerer usu, non satis id causae credideram esse tibi", + "en": "And although I was connected with you by much familiar friendship, I had not thought that that was reason enough for you." + }, + { + "id": 10495, + "la": "tu satis id duxti: tantum tibi gaudium in omni culpast, in quacumque est aliquid sceleris", + "en": "You thought it enough: so much delight do you take in any vice in which there is something of dishonour." + }, + { + "id": 10496, + "la": "Lesbia mi dicit semper male nec tacet umquam de me: Lesbia me dispeream nisi amat", + "en": "Lesbia always speaks ill of me, and is always talking about me. May I perish if Lesbia does not love me." + }, + { + "id": 10497, + "la": "quo signo? quia sunt totidem mea: deprecor illam assidue, verum dispeream nisi amo", + "en": "By what token? because it is just the same with me. I am perpetually crying out upon her, but may I perish if I do not love her." + }, + { + "id": 10498, + "la": "Nil nimium studeo, Caesar, tibi velle placere, nec scire utrum sis albus an ater homo", + "en": "I Have no very great desire to make myself agreeable to you, Caesar, nor to know whether your complexion is light or dark." + }, + { + "id": 10499, + "la": "Mentvla moechatur moechatur mentula?", + "en": "Cock fornicates. What, a fornicating cock?" + }, + { + "id": 10500, + "la": "certe hoc est quod dicunt, ipsa olera olla legit", + "en": "Sure enough this is the proverb, the pot finds its own herbs." + }, + { + "id": 10501, + "la": "Zmyrna mei Cinnae, nonam post denique messem quam coeptast nonamque edita post hiemem, milia cum interea quingenta Hortensius uno", + "en": "My friend Cinnas Smyrna, published at last nine harvest-tides and nine winters after it was begun, whilst that nuisance from Hatria1 has spewed forth half a million verses in a single year," + }, + { + "id": 10502, + "la": "Zmyrna cavas Satrachi penitus mittetur ad undas, Zmyrnam cana diu saecula pervoluent", + "en": "the Smyrna, I say, will travel as far away as the deep-channelled streams of Satrachus, the centuries will grow grey in long perusal of the Smyrna." + }, + { + "id": 10503, + "la": "at Volusi annales Paduam morientur ad ipsam et laxas scombris saepe dabunt tunicas", + "en": "But the Annals of Volusius will die by the river Padua where they were born, and will often furnish a loose wrapper for mackerels." + }, + { + "id": 10504, + "la": "parva mei mihi cordi monumenta , at populus tumido gaudeat Antimacho", + "en": "Let the modest memorials of my friend be dear to me, and let the vulgar rejoice in their windy Antimachus." + }, + { + "id": 10505, + "la": "Si quicquam mutis gratum acceptumve sepulcris accidere a nostro, Calve, dolore potest, quo desiderio veteres renovamus amores atque olim amissas flemus amicitias, certe non tanto mors immatura dolorist Quintiliae, quantum gaudet amore tuo", + "en": "If the silent grave can receive any pleasure, or sweetness at all from our grief, Calvus, the grief and regret with which we make our old loves live again, and weep for long-lost friendships, surely Quintilia feels less sorrow for her too early death, than pleasure from your love." + }, + { + "id": 10506, + "la": "Non (ita me di ament) quicquam referre putavi, utrumne os an culum olfacerem Aemilio", + "en": "I didnt'God help me!'think it made any difference whether I sniffed at Aemiliuss mouth or his arse." + }, + { + "id": 10507, + "la": "nilo mundius hoc, niloque immundior ille, verum etiam culus mundior et melior:", + "en": "Thats not cleaner than this, nor this dirtier than that; in fact his arse is cleaner and better," + }, + { + "id": 10508, + "la": "nam sine dentibus est:", + "en": "for it has no teeth." + }, + { + "id": 10509, + "la": "os dentis sesquipedalis, gingivas vero ploxeni habet veteris, praeterea rictum qualem diffissus in aestu meientis mulae cunnus habere solet", + "en": "His mouth has teeth a foot and a half long, gums like a worn-out cart-frame, and, on top of all, a gaping jaw like the open slit of a pissing mule in summer." + }, + { + "id": 10510, + "la": "hic futuit multas et se facit esse venustum, et non pistrino traditur atque asino?", + "en": "He seduces many a woman and makes himself out a charmer, and yet is not handed over to the grinding-mill and its donkey?" + }, + { + "id": 10511, + "la": "quem siqua attingit, non illam posse putemus aegroti culum lingere carnificis?", + "en": "Arent we to think a girl who touches him capable of licking the arse of a hangman with dysentery?" + }, + { + "id": 10512, + "la": "In te, si in quemquam, dici pote, putide Victi, id quod verbosis dicitur et fatuis", + "en": "You if any man, disgusting Victius, deserve what is said about chatterboxes and idiots." + }, + { + "id": 10513, + "la": "ista cum lingua, si usus veniat tibi, possis culos et crepidas lingere carpatinas", + "en": "With a tongue like that, if need arose, you could lick arses and rustics clogs." + }, + { + "id": 10514, + "la": "si nos omnino vis omnes perdere, Victi, hiscas: omnino quod cupis efficies", + "en": "If you wish to destroy us all utterly, Victius, just open your mouth: youll utterly do what you wish." + }, + { + "id": 10515, + "la": "Svrripvi tibi dum ludis, mellite Iuventi, saviolum dulci dulcius ambrosia", + "en": "I stole a kiss from you, honey-sweet Juventius, while you were playing, a kiss sweater than sweet ambrosia." + }, + { + "id": 10516, + "la": "verum id non impune tuli: namque amplius horam suffixum in summa me memini esse cruce, dum tibi me purgo nec possum fletibus ullis tantillum vestrae demere saevitiae", + "en": "But not unpunished; for I remember how for more than an hour I hung impaled on the top of the gallows tree, while I was excusing myself to you, yet could not with all my tears take away ever so little from your anger;" + }, + { + "id": 10517, + "la": "nam simul id factumst, multis diluta labella guttis abstersti mollibus articulis, ne quicquam nostro contractum ex ore maneret, tamquam commictae spurca saliva lupae", + "en": "for no sooner was it done, than you washed your lips clean with plenty of water, and wiped them with your dainty fingers, that no contagion from my mouth might remain, as though it were the foul spit of some filthy whore." + }, + { + "id": 10518, + "la": "praeterea infesto miserum me tradere amori non cessasti omnique excruciare modo, ut mi ex ambrosia mutatum iam foret illud saviolum tristi tristius helleboro", + "en": "Besides that, you made haste to deliver your unhappy lover to angry love, and to torture him in every manner, so that that kiss, changed from ambrosia, was now more bitter than bitter hellebore." + }, + { + "id": 10519, + "la": "quam quoniam poenam misero proponis amori numquam iam posthac basia surripiam", + "en": "Since then you impose this penalty on my unlucky love, henceforth I will never steal any kisses." + }, + { + "id": 10520, + "la": "Caelivs Aufillenum et Quintius Aufillenam flos Veronensum depereunt iuvenum, hic fratrem, ille sororem", + "en": "Caelius is mad for Aufillenus and Quintius for Aufillena, one for the brother, one for the sister, both the fine flower of Veronese youth." + }, + { + "id": 10521, + "la": "hoc est, quod dicitur, illud fraternum vere dulce sodalicium", + "en": "Heres the sweet brotherhood of the proverb!" + }, + { + "id": 10522, + "la": "cui faveam potius?", + "en": "Which shall I vote for?" + }, + { + "id": 10523, + "la": "Caeli, tibi: nam tua nobis perspectast igni tum unica amicitia, cum vesana meas torreret flamma medullas", + "en": "You, Caelius; your priceless friendship to me passed the test of fire when a mad flame scorched my vitals." + }, + { + "id": 10524, + "la": "sis felix, Caeli, sis in amore potens", + "en": "Luck to you, Caelius! success to your love!" + }, + { + "id": 10525, + "la": "Mvltas per gentes et multa per aequora vectus advenio has miseras, frater, ad inferias, ut te postremo donarem munere mortis et mutam nequiquam alloquerer cinerem, quandoquidem fortuna mihi tete abstulit ipsum, heu miser indigne frater adempte mihi", + "en": "Wandering through many countries and over many seas I come, my brother, to these sorrowful obsequies, to present you with the last guerdon of death, and speak, though in vain, to your silent ashes, since fortune has taken your own self away from me'alas, my brother, so cruelly torn from me!" + }, + { + "id": 10526, + "la": "nunc tamen interea haec, prisco quae more parentum tradita sunt tristi munere ad inferias, accipe fraterno multum manantia fletu, atque in perpetuum, frater, ave atque vale", + "en": "Yet now naught else availing take these offerings, which by the custom of our fathers have been handed down'a sorrowful tribute'for a funeral sacrifice; take them, wet with many tears of a brother, and for ever, O my brother, hail and farewell!" + }, + { + "id": 10527, + "la": "Si quicquam tacito commissumst fido ab amico, cuius sit penitus nota fides animi, me aeque esse invenies illorum iure sacratum, Corneli, et factum me esse putum Harpocraten", + "en": "If ever aught was confined by a trusting to a discreet friend, the loyalty of whose heart was fully known, you will find that I am no less consecrated by their rite, Cornelius, and have turned into a very Harpocrates.1" + }, + { + "id": 10528, + "la": "Avt, sodes, mihi redde decem sestertia, Silo, deinde esto quamvis saevus et indomitus:", + "en": "Prithee, Silo, either give me back the ten sestertia, and then you may be as violent and overbearing as you like;" + }, + { + "id": 10529, + "la": "aut, si te nummi delectant, desine quaeso leno esse atque idem saevus et indomitus", + "en": "or, if the money gives you pleasure, dont try, I beg, to ply your trade and be at the same time violent and overbearing." + }, + { + "id": 10530, + "la": "Credis me potuisse meae maledicere vitae, ambobus mihi quae carior est oculis?", + "en": "Do you think that I ever could have spoken ill of my life, of her who is dearer to me than both my eyes?" + }, + { + "id": 10531, + "la": "non potui, nec si possem tam perdite amarem:", + "en": "No, I could never have done it; nor, if I could help it, would I be so ruinously in love." + }, + { + "id": 10532, + "la": "sed tu cum Tappone omnia monstra facis", + "en": "But you and Tappo make out everything to be prodigious." + }, + { + "id": 10533, + "la": "Mentvla conatur Pipleum scandere montem:", + "en": "Cock strives to climb the Piplean mount:" + }, + { + "id": 10534, + "la": "Musae furcillis praecipitem eiciunt", + "en": "the Muses with pitchforks drive him out headlong." + }, + { + "id": 10535, + "la": "Cvm puero bello praeconem qui videt esse, quid credat, nisi se vendere discupere?", + "en": "If one sees a pretty boy in company with an auctioneer, what is one to think but that he wants to sell himself?" + }, + { + "id": 10536, + "la": "Sicvi quid cupido optantique optigit umquam insperanti, hoc est gratum animo proprie", + "en": "If anything ever happened to any one who eagerly longed and never hoped, that is a true pleasure to the mind." + }, + { + "id": 10537, + "la": "quare hoc est gratum nobis quoque, carius auro, quod te restituis, Lesbia, mi cupido, restituis cupido atque insperanti, ipsa refers te nobis:", + "en": "And so to me too this is a pleasure more precious than gold, that you, Lesbia, restore yourself to me who longed for you, restore to me who longed, but never hoped, yes, you yourself give yourself back to me." + }, + { + "id": 10538, + "la": "o lucem candidiore nota!", + "en": "O happy day, blessed with the whiter mark!" + }, + { + "id": 10539, + "la": "quis me uno vivit felicior, aut magis hac rem optandam in vita dicere quis poterit?", + "en": "What living wight is more lucky than I; or who can say that any fortune in life is more desirable than this?" + }, + { + "id": 10540, + "la": "Si, Comini, populi arbitrio tua cana senectus spurcata impuris moribus intereat, non equidem dubito quin primum inimica bonorum lingua execta avido sit data vulturio, effossos oculos voret atro gutture corvus, intestina canes, cetera membra lupi", + "en": "If, Cominius, your gray old age, soiled as it is by an impure life, should be brought to an end by the choice of the people, I for my part do not doubt that first of all your tongue, the enemy of all good people, would be cut out and quickly given to the greedy vulture, your eyes torn out and swallowed down the ravens black throat, while the dogs would devour your bowels, the rest of your members the wolves." + }, + { + "id": 10541, + "la": "Ivcvndvm, mea vita, mihi proponis amorem hunc nostrum inter nos perpetuumque fore", + "en": "You promise to me, my life, that this love of ours shall be happy and last for ever between us." + }, + { + "id": 10542, + "la": "di magni, facite ut vere promittere possit, atque id sincere dicat et ex animo, ut liceat nobis tota perducere vita aeternum hoc sanctae foedus amicitiae", + "en": "Ye great gods, grant that she may be able to keep this promise truly, and that she may say it sincerely and from her heart, so that it may be our lot to extend through all our life this eternal compact of hallowed friendship." + }, + { + "id": 10543, + "la": "Avfillena, bonae semper laudantur amicae: accipiunt pretium quae facere instituunt", + "en": "Aufillena, kind mistresses are always well spoken of; they get their price for what they purpose to do." + }, + { + "id": 10544, + "la": "tu, quod promisti, mihi quod mentita inimicas, quod nec das et fers saepe, facis facinus", + "en": "In cruelly tricking me of that which you promised, in continually taking and not giving, you are doing wrong." + }, + { + "id": 10545, + "la": "aut facere ingenuaest aut non promisse pudicae, Aufillena, fuit:", + "en": "To comply were handsome; not to have promised were chaste, Aufillena:" + }, + { + "id": 10546, + "la": "sed data corripere fraudando officiis plus quam meretricis avaraest, quae sese toto corpore prostituit", + "en": "but to grab all you can get and cheat on the obligations exceeds the conduct of a grasping harlot who prostitutes herself with all her body." + }, + { + "id": 10547, + "la": "Avpillena, viro contentam vivere solo, nuptarum laus est laudibus ex nimiis:", + "en": "Aufillena, to live content with ones husband alone is the greatest of compliments a wife can receive:" + }, + { + "id": 10548, + "la": "sed cuivis quamvis potius succumbere par est quam matrem fratres ex patre concipere", + "en": "but tis better for a woman to sleep with anyone at all than conceive by her father and become the mother of brothers." + }, + { + "id": 10549, + "la": "Mvltvs homo es, Naso, neque tecum multus homost qui descendit:", + "en": "You are many mens man, Naso, but not many men go down town with you:" + }, + { + "id": 10550, + "la": "Naso, multus es et pathicus", + "en": "Naso, you are many mens man and minion." + }, + { + "id": 10551, + "la": "Consvle Pompeio primum duo, Cinna, solebant Maeciliam:", + "en": "When Pompey first was consul, Cinna, there were two that had Maecilias favours:" + }, + { + "id": 10552, + "la": "facto consule nunc iterum manserunt duo, sed creverunt milia in unum singula", + "en": "now he is consul again, there are still two, but three noughts have grown up beside each one." + }, + { + "id": 10553, + "la": "fecundum semen adulterio", + "en": "A fruitful seed has adultery." + }, + { + "id": 10554, + "la": "Firmano saltu non falso Mentula dives fertur, qui tot res in se habet egregias, aucupia omne genus, piscis, prata, arva ferasque", + "en": "Cock is truly said to be rich in the possession of the grant of land at Firmum, which has so many fine things in it, fowling of all sorts, fish, pasture, cornland, and game." + }, + { + "id": 10555, + "la": "nequiquam: fructus sumptibus exsuperat", + "en": "All to no purpose; he outruns the produce of it by his expenses." + }, + { + "id": 10556, + "la": "quare concedo sit dives, dum omnia desint", + "en": "So I grant that he is rich, if you will allow that he lacks everything." + }, + { + "id": 10557, + "la": "saltum laudemus, dum modio ipse egeat", + "en": "Let us admire the advantages of his estate, so long as he himself hasnt a bean." + }, + { + "id": 10558, + "la": "Mentvla habet iuxta triginta iugera prati, quadraginta arvi: cetera sunt maria", + "en": "Cock has something like thirty acres of grazing land, forty of plough-land: the rest is salt water." + }, + { + "id": 10559, + "la": "cur non divitiis Croesum superare potis sit, uno qui in saltu tot bona possideat, prata, arva, ingentes silvas vastasque paludes usque ad Hyperboreos et mare ad Oceanum?", + "en": "How can he fail to surpass Croesus in wealth, who occupies so many good things in one estate, pasture, arable, enormous woods and vast lakes as far as the Hyperboreans and the Great Sea?" + }, + { + "id": 10560, + "la": "omnia magna haec sunt; tamen ipsest maximus ultro, non homo, sed vero mentula magna minax", + "en": "All this is wonderful: but he himself is the greatest wonder of all, not a man like the rest of us, but a monstrous menacing cock." + }, + { + "id": 10561, + "la": "Saepe tibi studioso animo venante requirens carmina uti possem mittere Battiadae, qui te lenirem nobis, neu conarere tela infesta meum mittere in usque caput, hunc video mihi nunc frustra sumptum esse laborem, Gelli, nec nostras hic valuisse preces", + "en": "I have often cast about with busy questing mind how I could send to you some poems of Callimachus with which I might make you placable to me, and that you might not try to send a shower of missiles to reach my head; but now I see that this labour has been taken by me in vain, Gellius, and that my prayers have here availed nothing." + }, + { + "id": 10562, + "la": "contra nos tela ista tua evitabimus acta3: at fixus nostris tu dabi supplicium", + "en": "Those missiles of yours launched against me I shall evade; but you shall be pierced by mine and pay the penalty.1" + }, + { + "id": 10563, + "la": "[1] Ante quam de re publica, patres conscripti, dicam ea quae dicenda hoc tempore arbitror, exponam vobis breviter consilium et profectionis et reversionis meae", + "en": "[1] Before I say, Members of the Senate, what I think 1ought to be said at this time concerning public affairs, I shall briefly explain to you my rationale both for setting out on my journey and for turning back.1" + }, + { + "id": 10564, + "la": "Ego cum sperarem aliquando ad vestrum consilium auctoritatemque rem publicam esse revocatam, manendum mihi statuebam quasi in vigilia quadam consulari ac senatoria", + "en": "Hoping, as I did, that the Republic had at last been restored to your guidance and authority, I took the view that I ought to stay on a vigil, so to speak, of the sort that befits a consular and a senator." + }, + { + "id": 10565, + "la": "Nec vero usquam discedebam nec a re publica deiciebam oculos ex eo die quo in aedem Telluris convocati sumus, in quo templo, quantum in me fuit, ieci fundamenta pacis Atheniensiumque renovavi vetus exemplum;", + "en": "In fact, from that day on which we were summoned to the Temple of Tellus,2 neither did I withdraw anywhere from, nor did I take my eyes off public affairs.3 In that temple, so far as was in my power, I laid the foundations of peace and revived the ancient Athenian precedent," + }, + { + "id": 10566, + "la": "Graecum etiam verbum usurpavi quo tum in sedandis discordiis usa erat civitas illa, atque omnem memoriam discordiarum oblivione sempiterna delendam censui", + "en": "even adopting the Greek term4 that was used by that community in laying their quarrels to rest at that time; that is, I proposed that all recollection of disputes should be obliterated and forgotten for all time." + }, + { + "id": 10567, + "la": "Praeclara tum oratio M Antoni, egregia etiam voluntas;", + "en": "Marcus Antonius made a fine speech on that occasion 2and also showed outstanding goodwill." + }, + { + "id": 10568, + "la": "pax denique per eum et per liberos eius cum praestantissimis civibus confirmata est", + "en": "Finally, through him and his son,5 peace with our most distinguished fellow countrymen was established." + }, + { + "id": 10569, + "la": "Atque his principiis reliqua consentiebant", + "en": "And the sequel was in harmony with these beginnings." + }, + { + "id": 10570, + "la": "Ad deliberationes eas quas habebat domi de re publica principes civitatis adhibebat;", + "en": "Antonius regularly brought the leaders of our community into the deliberations on state affairs that he was in the habit of holding at his home." + }, + { + "id": 10571, + "la": "ad hunc ordinem res optimas deferebat;", + "en": "He laid admirable proposals before this body." + }, + { + "id": 10572, + "la": "nihil tum nisi quod erat notum omnibus in C Caesaris commentariis reperiebatur;", + "en": "Nothing at that time was discovered in Gaius Caesars memoranda except what was common knowledge." + }, + { + "id": 10573, + "la": "summa constantia ad ea quae quaesita erant respondebat", + "en": "His replies to questions were perfectly consistent." + }, + { + "id": 10574, + "la": "Num qui exsules restituti?", + "en": "Had any exiles been restored?" + }, + { + "id": 10575, + "la": "Unum aiebat, praeterea neminem", + "en": "He mentioned just one,7 nobody else." + }, + { + "id": 10576, + "la": "Num immunitates datae?", + "en": "Had any exemptions from taxes been granted?" + }, + { + "id": 10577, + "la": "Nullae, respondebat", + "en": "None, was his reply." + }, + { + "id": 10578, + "la": "Adsentiri etiam nos Ser Sulpicio, clarissimo viro, voluit, ne qua tabula post Idus Martias ullius decreti Caesaris aut benefici figeretur", + "en": "He even wanted us to vote for a motion by the distinguished gentleman Servius Sulpicius, the terms of which were that no tablet8 inscribed with any order or grant of Caesars should be posted after the fifteenth of March.9" + }, + { + "id": 10579, + "la": "Multa praetereo eaque praeclara;", + "en": "I pass over many items, notable ones too," + }, + { + "id": 10580, + "la": "ad singulare enim M Antoni factum festinat oratio, dictaturam, quae iam vim regiae potestatis obsederat, funditus ex re publica sustulit;", + "en": "as my tongue hastens on to Marcus Antonius most remarkable gesture, the total removal of the office of dictator from our constitution, an office that had usurped the power of absolute monarchy.10" + }, + { + "id": 10581, + "la": "de qua ne sententias quidem diximus", + "en": "We did not so much as debate the subject." + }, + { + "id": 10582, + "la": "Scriptum senatus consultum quod fieri vellet attulit, quo recitato auctoritatem eius summo studio secuti sumus eique amplissimis verbis per senatus consultum gratias egimus", + "en": "Antonius brought the draft of a decree that he said he wished the senate to pass. As soon as it had been read aloud, we followed his lead with the utmost enthusiasm and by a decree voted him our unstinted thanks." + }, + { + "id": 10583, + "la": "[2] Lux quaedam videbatur oblata non modo regno, quod pertuleramus, sed etiam regni timore sublato, magnumque pignus ab eo rei publicae datum, se liberam civitatem esse velle, cum dictatoris nomen, quod saepe iustum fuisset, propter perpetuae dictaturae recentem memoriam funditus ex re publica sustulisset", + "en": "[2] It seemed as though a light of sorts had dawned, with the removal not only of the monarchy which we had endured, but even of the fear of its recurrence; it seemed as though Antonius had given the Republic a mighty pledge of his desire for a free community when, because of the recollection of the recent Dictatorship for Life, he totally removed from our constitution the office of dictator, legitimate though it had often been. 5" + }, + { + "id": 10584, + "la": "Liberatus periculo caedis paucis post diebus senatus;", + "en": "A few days later the senate was relieved from the threat of a massacre." + }, + { + "id": 10585, + "la": "uncus impactus est fugitivo illi qui in Mari nomen invaserat, atque haec omnia communiter cum collega;", + "en": "The hook11 was planted in the body of that runaway slave who had usurped the name of Marius.12 In all of this Antonius acted jointly with his colleague;" + }, + { + "id": 10586, + "la": "alia porro propria Dolabellae quae, nisi collega afuisset, credo eis futura fuisse communia", + "en": "there were other acts besides for which Dolabella was solely responsible, acts which, I imagine, would have been their joint responsibility but for the absence of his colleague." + }, + { + "id": 10587, + "la": "Nam cum serperet in urbe infinitum malum idque manaret in dies latius, idemque bustum in foro facerent qui illam insepultam sepulturam effecerant, et cotidie magis magisque perditi homines cum sui[s] similibus servis tectis ac templis urbis minarentur, talis animadversio fuit Dolabellae cum in audacis sceleratosque servos, tum in impuros et nefarios liberos, talisque eversio illius exsecratae columnae ut mihi mirum videatur tam valde reliquum tempus ab illo uno die dissensisse", + "en": "For when a boundless infection was gaining ground in Rome and spreading wider and wider day by day, and when the authors of Caesars abortive13 burial were raising a tomb in the Forum, and when more and more desperados with slaves like themselves were daily threatening the houses and temples of our city, such was action taken by Dolabella in punishing not only the bold and criminal slaves but also the foul ruffians consisting of free men, such was his demolition of that accursed pillar14 that I find it strange that his subsequent record stands in such sharp contrast to that one days work." + }, + { + "id": 10588, + "la": "Ecce enim Kalendis Iuniis, quibus ut adessemus edixerant, mutata omnia: nihil per senatum, multa et magna per populum et absente populo et invito", + "en": "Well, on the first of June, the day of the meeting to 6which we had been summoned, everything was changed.15 Nothing was enacted through the senate, but many important measures were put through the popular assembly'in the absence of the people and against their will." + }, + { + "id": 10589, + "la": "Consules designati negabant se audere in senatum venire;", + "en": "The consuls-elect said they did not dare attend the senate." + }, + { + "id": 10590, + "la": "patriae liberatores urbe carebant ea cuius a cervicibus iugum servile deiecerant, quos tamen ipsi consules in contionibus et in omni sermone laudabant", + "en": "The liberators of their native land were parted from the very city from whose neck they had cast off the yoke of slavery; and yet the consuls themselves praised them in public speeches and in all their conversation." + }, + { + "id": 10591, + "la": "Veterani qui appellabantur, quibus hic ordo diligentissime caverat, non ad conservationem earum rerum quas habebant, sed ad spem novarum praedarum incitabantur", + "en": "The veterans, who were being called upon as supporters, of whose interests this body had taken the greatest care, were stirred up, not to preserve what they already had but to hope for fresh plunder. 17" + }, + { + "id": 10592, + "la": "Quae cum audire mallem quam videre haberemque ius legationis liberum, ea mente discessi ut adessem Kalendis Ianuariis, quod initium senatus cogendi fore videbatur", + "en": "Since I preferred to hear of than to see all this, and since I had an unrestricted right to exercise a commission,16 I set out with the intention of returning by the first of January, the earliest date, as appeared likely, for a convocation of the senate." + }, + { + "id": 10593, + "la": "[3] Exposui, patres conscripti, profectionis consilium: nunc reversionis, quae plus admirationis habet, breviter exponam", + "en": "[3] So much, Members of the Senate, for my reason 7for leaving. As for my turning back, which entails more astonishment, I shall now briefly explain the reason." + }, + { + "id": 10594, + "la": "Cum Brundisium iterque illud quod tritum in Graeciam est non sine causa vitavissem, Kalendis Sextilibus veni Syracusas, quod ab ea urbe transmissio in Graeciam laudabatur:", + "en": "Avoiding for good cause18 the beaten track to Greece via Brundisium, I arrived at Syracuse on the first of August, since the crossing to Greece from that city had a good reputation." + }, + { + "id": 10595, + "la": "quae tamen urbs mihi coniunctissima plus una me nocte cupiens retinere non potuit, veritus sum ne meus repentinus ad meos necessarios adventus suspicionis aliquid adferret, si essem commoratus", + "en": "I have very close ties with that city, but they could not keep me more than a single night, much as they wished it. I was fearful that if I made a stay, my sudden arrival among my old connections might give rise to some suspicion.19" + }, + { + "id": 10596, + "la": "Cum autem me ex Sicilia ad Leucopetram, quod est promunturium agri Regini, venti detulissent, ab eo loco conscendi ut transmitterem;", + "en": "So when the wind carried me from Sicily to Leucopetra, a promontory in the district of Rhegium, I embarked from there for the crossing;" + }, + { + "id": 10597, + "la": "nec ita multum provectus reiectus Austro sum in eum ipsum locum unde conscenderam", + "en": "but I had not proceeded so very far when the south wind carried me back right to my point of embarkation." + }, + { + "id": 10598, + "la": "Cumque intempesta nox esset mansissemque in villa P Valeri, comitis et familiaris mei, postridieque apud eundem ventum exspectans manerem, municipes Regini complures ad me venerunt, ex eis quidam Roma recentes:", + "en": "Since it was the dead of night, and after I had 8put up in a country house belonging to my friend and traveling companion Publius Valerius, on the following day, while I continued to stay there and wait for a favorable wind, a number of residents of Rhegium came over to see me, among them some recently returned from Rome." + }, + { + "id": 10599, + "la": "a quibus primum accipio Antoni contionem, quae mihi ita placuit ut ea lecta de reversione primum coeperim cogitare, nec ita multo post edictum Bruti adfertur et Cassi, quod quidem mihi, fortasse quod eos plus etiam rei publicae quam familiaritatis gratia diligo, plenum aequitatis videbatur, addebant praeterea'", + "en": "It was from them I first received a copy of Marcus Antonius address to the people,20 which pleased me so much that after reading it I first began to think of turning back; and not very long afterwards, I was brought a copy of Brutus and Cassius manifesto, which struck me'perhaps because I regard them even more highly on public grounds than I do for friendships sake'as eminently fair. My callers added that there would be a settlement'" + }, + { + "id": 10600, + "la": "fit enim plerumque ut ei qui boni quid volunt adferre adfingant aliquid quo faciant id quod nuntiant laetius'", + "en": "for it generally happens that would-be bearers of good news add a little of their own invention to make their report the more agreeable'" + }, + { + "id": 10601, + "la": "rem conventuram: Kalendis Sextilibus senatum frequentem fore;", + "en": "that there was to be a full meeting of the senate on the first of August," + }, + { + "id": 10602, + "la": "Antonium, repudiatis malis suasoribus, remissis provinciis Galliis, ad auctoritatem senatus esse rediturum", + "en": "and that Antonius would divorce himself from his bad advisors, give up the Gallic provinces, and return to the guidance of the senate." + }, + { + "id": 10603, + "la": "[4] Tum vero tanta sum cupiditate incensus ad reditum ut mihi nulli neque remi neque venti satis facerent, non quo me ad tempus occursurum non putarem, sed ne tardius quam cuperem rei publicae gratularer", + "en": "[4] That news fired me with such eagerness to get home 9that no oars, no winds satisfied my desire for speed, not because I thought I would not arrive in time, but so that I might congratulate the Republic no later than I was anxious to do so." + }, + { + "id": 10604, + "la": "Atque ego celeriter Veliam devectus Brutum vidi, quanto meo dolore non dico", + "en": "So I made good time to Velia, where I saw Brutus, I do not say with what distress." + }, + { + "id": 10605, + "la": "Turpe mihi ipsi videbatur in eam urbem me audere reverti ex qua Brutus cederet, et ibi velle tuto esse ubi ille non posset", + "en": "I felt ashamed to be daring to return to the city from which Brutus was withdrawing, and to be wishing to live in safety in a place where he could not." + }, + { + "id": 10606, + "la": "Neque vero illum similiter atque ipse eram commotum esse vidi", + "en": "However, I perceived no such agitation on his part as I felt myself." + }, + { + "id": 10607, + "la": "Erectus enim maximi et pulcherrimi facti sui conscientia nihil de suo casu, multa de vestro querebatur", + "en": "Exalted by the consciousness of his tremendously great and noble deed, he said no word of complaint about his own predicament, but many about yours.21" + }, + { + "id": 10608, + "la": "Exque eo primum cognovi quae Kalendis Sextilibus in senatu fuisset L Pisonis oratio: qui quamquam parum erat'id enim ipsum a Bruto audieram'a quibus debuerat adiutus, tamen et Bruti testimonio'quo quid potest esse gravius? et omnium praedicatione quos postea vidi, magnam mihi videbatur gloriam consecutus", + "en": "It was from him that I first learned of Lucius Pisos 10speech in the senate on the first of August, and although Piso received too little support from those who ought to have backed him'that too I heard from Brutus'nevertheless, on Brutus testimony, the weightiest in the world, and on the laudatory report of all whom I saw later, it seemed to me that Piso had covered himself with glory." + }, + { + "id": 10609, + "la": "Hunc igitur ut sequerer properavi quem praesentes non sunt secuti, non ut proficerem aliquid'", + "en": "Consequently, I hastened in order to follow the lead of a man whom those present failed to follow, not in order to achieve anything'" + }, + { + "id": 10610, + "la": "nec enim sperabam id nec praestare poteram'", + "en": "that was not in my hopes or power to guarantee'" + }, + { + "id": 10611, + "la": "sed ut, si quid mihi humanitus accidisset'multa autem impendere videntur praeter naturam etiam praeterque fatum'huius tamen diei vocem testem rei publicae relinquerem meae perpetuae erga se voluntatis", + "en": "but so that I might leave the words I speak today as witnesses to the Republic of my abiding loyalty, in case anything befall me such as may happen to any of us' many dangers, moreover, appear to loom even beyond the course of nature and destiny." + }, + { + "id": 10612, + "la": "Quoniam utriusque consili causam, patres conscripti, probatam vobis esse confido, prius quam de re publica dicere incipio, pauca querar de hesterna M Antoni iniuria:", + "en": "Members of the Senate, inasmuch as I am confident 11that my reasons for both decisions have met with your approval, I shall, before I begin to speak on public affairs, say a few words in protest against Marcus Antonius offensive behavior yesterday'" + }, + { + "id": 10613, + "la": "cui sum amicus, idque me non nullo eius officio debere esse prae me semper tuli", + "en": "I am his friend, and I have always acknowledged that I ought to be such on account of some service he once rendered me.22" + }, + { + "id": 10614, + "la": "[5] Quid tandem erat causae cur die hesterno in senatum tam acerbe cogerer?", + "en": "[5] Now what cause was there yesterday for me to be summoned to attend the senate in such harsh terms?" + }, + { + "id": 10615, + "la": "Solusne aberam, an non saepe minus frequentes fuistis, an ea res agebatur ut etiam aegrotos deferri oporteret?", + "en": "Was I the only absentee? Has this body not often been less well attended? Was the business in hand such as to demand the attendance even of invalids?" + }, + { + "id": 10616, + "la": "Hannibal, credo, erat ad portas aut de Pyrrhi pace agebatur, ad quam causam etiam Appium illum et caecum et senem delatum esse memoriae proditum est", + "en": "Hannibal was at the gates, I suppose; or peace with Pyrrhus was at issue'the business for which tradition has it that the great Appius23 was brought in, blind and aged as he was." + }, + { + "id": 10617, + "la": "De supplicationibus referebatur, quo in genere senatores deesse non solent", + "en": "In fact, the business 12under discussion concerned public thanksgivings, and senators are usually in good attendance on such occasions." + }, + { + "id": 10618, + "la": "Coguntur enim non pignoribus, sed eorum de quorum honore agitur gratia;", + "en": "They are brought to the meeting not by pledges24 but by their willingness to oblige the persons whose honors are under consideration." + }, + { + "id": 10619, + "la": "quod idem fit, cum de triumpho refertur", + "en": "The same applies when the debate concerns a triumph." + }, + { + "id": 10620, + "la": "Ita sine cura consules sunt, ut paene liberum sit senatori non adesse", + "en": "The consuls are so free of worry about a quorum that a senator is pretty much at liberty to stay away." + }, + { + "id": 10621, + "la": "Qui cum mihi mos notus esset cumque e via languerem et mihimet displicerem, misi pro amicitia qui hoc ei diceret", + "en": "Knowing the custom and feeling weak and out of sorts from my journey, I sent a message to that effect to Antonius in keeping with our friendship." + }, + { + "id": 10622, + "la": "At ille vobis audientibus cum fabris se domum meam venturum esse dixit", + "en": "But Antonius declared in your presence that he would come to my house with a squad of workmen!" + }, + { + "id": 10623, + "la": "Nimis iracunde hoc quidem et valde intemperanter", + "en": "That was really letting his temper run away with him!" + }, + { + "id": 10624, + "la": "Cuius enim malefici tanta ista poena est ut dicere in hoc ordine auderet se publicis operis disturbaturum publice ex senatus sententia aedificatam domum?", + "en": "Of what misdeed is the penalty so grave that Antonius dared to say in this body that he would use public employees to demolish a house built at public expense by order of the senate?25" + }, + { + "id": 10625, + "la": "Quis autem umquam tanto damno senatorem coegit?", + "en": "Who ever compelled a senators attendance by so heavy a forfeit?" + }, + { + "id": 10626, + "la": "Aut quid est ultra pignus aut multam?", + "en": "What is there beyond a pledge or a fine?" + }, + { + "id": 10627, + "la": "Quod si scisset quam sententiam dicturus essem, remisisset aliquid profecto de severitate cogendi", + "en": "But if Antonius had known what I would have said in that debate, he would undoubtedly have somewhat toned down the sternness of his summons." + }, + { + "id": 10628, + "la": "[6] An me censetis, patres conscripti, quod vos inviti secuti estis, decreturum fuisse, ut parentalia cum supplicationibus miscerentur, ut inexpiabiles religiones in rem publicam inducerentur, ut decernerentur supplicationes mortuo?", + "en": "[6] Or do you suppose, 13Members of the Senate, that I would have voted for the proposal to which you agreed against your will, namely that offerings to the dead26 be mixed up with public thanksgivings, that inexpiable sacrilege be introduced into the Republic, that public thanksgivings be decreed to a dead man?" + }, + { + "id": 10629, + "la": "Nihil dico cui", + "en": "Never mind to which dead man." + }, + { + "id": 10630, + "la": "Fuerit ille L Brutus qui et ipse dominatu regio rem publicam liberavit et ad similem virtutem et simile factum stirpem iam prope in quingentesimum annum propagavit:", + "en": "Let us say it was Lucius Brutus, who freed the Republic from regal despotism and now, almost five hundred years later, has inspired his stock27 to a courageousness and a deed like to his own:" + }, + { + "id": 10631, + "la": "adduci tamen non possem ut quemquam mortuum coniungerem cum deorum immortalium religione;", + "en": "even so, I would not be able to be led to link any dead man with the worship of the immortal gods," + }, + { + "id": 10632, + "la": "ut, cuius sepulcrum usquam exstet ubi parentetur, ei publice supplicetur", + "en": "so that prayers of public thanksgiving are addressed to one whose tomb, where offerings can be made to the departed spirit, exists somewhere.28" + }, + { + "id": 10633, + "la": "Ego vero eam sententiam dixissem ut me adversus populum Romanum, si qui accidisset gravior rei publicae casus, si bellum, si morbus, si fames, facile possem defendere;", + "en": "No, I would have spoken in such a vein that in the event of some serious national disaster'war, pestilence, famine'I could easily defend myself before the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 10634, + "la": "quae partim iam sunt, partim timeo ne impendeant", + "en": "Some of these disasters are already upon us; others, I fear, hang over our heads." + }, + { + "id": 10635, + "la": "Sed hoc ignoscant di immortales velim et populo Romano, qui id non probat, et huic ordini, qui decrevit invitus", + "en": "But I could wish that the immortal gods may pardon the Roman people, who do not approve of what was done, and pardon this body, which passed the decree against its will." + }, + { + "id": 10636, + "la": "Quid? De reliquis rei publicae malis licetne dicere?", + "en": "What of other public ills? Is it permitted to speak of 14them?" + }, + { + "id": 10637, + "la": "Mihi vero licet et semper licebit dignitatem tueri, mortem contemnere", + "en": "Permitted it is to me, and ever shall be, to maintain honor and despise death." + }, + { + "id": 10638, + "la": "Potestas modo veniendi in hunc locum sit: dicendi periculum non recuso", + "en": "Just let me have the power to enter this place, and I do not decline the risk of speaking." + }, + { + "id": 10639, + "la": "Atque utinam, patres conscripti, Kalendis Sextilibus adesse potuissem!", + "en": "And I only wish, Members of the Senate, that I could have been present on the first of August;" + }, + { + "id": 10640, + "la": "Non quo profici potuerit aliquid, sed ne unus modo consularis, quod tum accidit, dignus illo honore, dignus re publica inveniretur", + "en": "not because anything could have been accomplished, but to prevent what actually occurred, namely that only one consular was found worthy of that rank, worthy of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 10641, + "la": "Qua quidem ex re magnum accipio dolorem, homines amplissimis populi Romani beneficiis usos L Pisonem ducem optimae sententiae non secutos", + "en": "Indeed, it grieves me to the heart that persons who have enjoyed the highest gifts the Roman people can bestow did not follow the lead given by Lucius Piso in his most admirable motion." + }, + { + "id": 10642, + "la": "Idcircone nos populus Romanus consules fecit ut in altissimo gradu dignitatis locati rem publicam pro nihilo haberemus?", + "en": "Was it for this reason that the Roman people made us consuls, in order that we in so exalted a station, the highest in the land, might set the Republic at naught?" + }, + { + "id": 10643, + "la": "Non modo voce nemo L Pisoni consularis sed ne voltu quidem adsensus est", + "en": "Not only did no consular support Lucius Piso by word but not even by look." + }, + { + "id": 10644, + "la": "Quae, malum, est ista voluntaria servitus?", + "en": "For 15pitys sake, what is this voluntary slavery?" + }, + { + "id": 10645, + "la": "Fuerit quaedam necessaria; nunc non est ita", + "en": "Granted that slavery of a sort was unavoidable in time past:29 it is not so now." + }, + { + "id": 10646, + "la": "Neque ego hoc ab omnibus eis desidero qui sententiam consulari loco dicunt", + "en": "At the same time, I do not expect this from all senators who express their views with the status of an ex-consul.30" + }, + { + "id": 10647, + "la": "Alia causa est eorum quorum silentio ignosco, alia eorum quorum vocem requiro", + "en": "It is not the same with those whose silence I pardon,31 as with those whose voice I demand." + }, + { + "id": 10648, + "la": "Quos quidem doleo in suspicionem populo Romano venire non metu, quod ipsum esset turpe, sed alium alia de causa deesse dignitati suae", + "en": "I am sorry indeed that in the eyes of the Roman people the latter fall under suspicion of not living up to their high rank, not out of fear, which would be dishonorable enough, but for their several particular reasons.32" + }, + { + "id": 10649, + "la": "[7] Qua re primum maximas gratias et ago et habeo Pisoni, qui non quid efficere posset in re publica cogitavit, sed quid facere ipse deberet", + "en": "[7] And so in the first place I both express and feel sincere gratitude to Piso, who did not think about how much he could achieve politically but about his own duty." + }, + { + "id": 10650, + "la": "Deinde a vobis, patres conscripti, peto ut, etiam si sequi minus audebitis orationem atque auctoritatem meam, benigne me tamen, ut fecistis adhuc, audiatis", + "en": "In the second place, Members of the Senate, let me request of you to give me a courteous hearing, as you have thus far, even if you will be somewhat hesitant to fall in with what I say and advise." + }, + { + "id": 10651, + "la": "Primum igitur acta Caesaris servanda censeo, non quo probem'quis enim id quidem potest?'", + "en": "First, then, I declare myself in favor of maintaining 16Caesars acts; not that I approve of them'who can do that?'" + }, + { + "id": 10652, + "la": "sed quia rationem habendam maxime arbitror pacis atque oti", + "en": "but because I think peace and quiet should be our first consideration." + }, + { + "id": 10653, + "la": "Vellem adesset M Antonius, modo sine advocatis'sed, ut opinor, licet ei minus valere, quod mihi heri per illum non licebat;", + "en": "I could have wished that Marcus Antonius were here present, only without his consultants;33 but I suppose he has a right to be indisposed, a right he did not allow me yesterday." + }, + { + "id": 10654, + "la": "doceret me vel potius vos, patres conscripti, quem ad modum ipse Caesaris acta defenderet", + "en": "If he were here, he would show me, or rather you, Members of the Senate, how he goes about defending Caesars acts." + }, + { + "id": 10655, + "la": "An in commentariolis et chirographis et libellis se uno auctore prolatis, ne prolatis quidem sed tantum modo dictis, acta Caesaris firma erunt:", + "en": "Will it be in scraps of memoranda and holographs and papers produced on Antonius sole authority, or not so much as produced but merely alleged, that the acts of Caesar will be unshakable;" + }, + { + "id": 10656, + "la": "quae ille in aes incidit, in quo populi iussa perpetuasque leges esse voluit, pro nihilo habebuntur?", + "en": "whereas measures that Caesar inscribed on bronze, as legislative acts of the people and permanently valid statutes, will be treated as of no account?" + }, + { + "id": 10657, + "la": "Equidem existimo nihil tam esse in actis Caesaris quam leges Caesaris", + "en": "I indeed 17consider that nothing is so decidedly a part of Caesars acts as Caesars laws." + }, + { + "id": 10658, + "la": "An, si cui quid ille promisit, id erit fixum, quod idem non facere potuit?", + "en": "Or, if he made some promise to somebody, is it to be hard and fast, a promise that Caesar could have failed to carry out?" + }, + { + "id": 10659, + "la": "Ut multis multa promissa non fecit: quae tamen multo plura illo mortuo reperta sunt quam a vivo beneficia per omnis annos tributa et data", + "en": "Just as he did not carry out many promises made to many people. And yet the promises brought to light after his death far outnumber the favors granted and given by him throughout all the years of his life." + }, + { + "id": 10660, + "la": "Sed ea non muto, non moveo: summo etiam studio illius praeclara acta defendo", + "en": "However, I am not tampering with them, not at all; I am a most enthusiastic defender of Caesars splendid acts." + }, + { + "id": 10661, + "la": "Pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!", + "en": "One could wish the money in the Temple of Ops were still there." + }, + { + "id": 10662, + "la": "Cruenta illa quidem, sed his temporibus, quoniam eis quorum est non redditur, necessaria", + "en": "To be sure, it is stained with blood,34 but it is really needed in these circumstances, since it is not being returned to its rightful owners." + }, + { + "id": 10663, + "la": "Quamquam ea quoque sit effusa, si ita in actis fuit", + "en": "And yet, let it also be dissipated, if it was so ordered in Caesars acts." + }, + { + "id": 10664, + "la": "Ecquid est quod tam proprie dici possit actum eius qui togatus in re publica cum potestate imperioque versatus sit quam lex?", + "en": "Is there anything 18at all so much as a law that can properly be called an act of one who in a civilian capacity has wielded power and authority in public life?" + }, + { + "id": 10665, + "la": "Quaere acta Gracchi: leges Semproniae proferentur", + "en": "Ask to be shown the acts of Gracchus: the Sempronian laws will be held up." + }, + { + "id": 10666, + "la": "Quaere Sullae: Corneliae", + "en": "Ask to be shown Sullas: voil, the Cornelian laws." + }, + { + "id": 10667, + "la": "Quid? Pompei tertius consulatus in quibus actis constitit?", + "en": "Come, what were the acts that made up Pompeys third consulship?" + }, + { + "id": 10668, + "la": "Nempe in legibus", + "en": "Why, his legislation." + }, + { + "id": 10669, + "la": "De Caesare ipso si quaereres quidnam egisset in urbe et in toga, leges multas responderet se et praeclaras tulisse, chirographa vero aut mutaret aut non daret aut, si dedisset, non istas res in actis suis duceret, sed haec ipsa concedo;", + "en": "If you could ask Caesar himself what he had done in Rome, in a civilian capacity, he would answer that he had passed many fine laws, but as for his handwritten notes, he would either change them or not produce them or, if he did produce them, he would not consider such jottings among his acts. However, this also I concede;" + }, + { + "id": 10670, + "la": "quibusdam etiam in rebus coniveo;", + "en": "in certain matters I am even ready to turn a blind eye;" + }, + { + "id": 10671, + "la": "in maximis vero rebus, id est in legibus, acta Caesaris dissolvi ferendum non puto", + "en": "but in the most important matters of all, that is to say laws, I do not think it tolerable that Caesars acts should be set aside." + }, + { + "id": 10672, + "la": "[8] Quae lex melior, utilior, optima etiam re publica saepius flagitata quam ne praetoriae provinciae plus quam annum neve plus quam biennium consulares obtinerentur?", + "en": "[8] What better, more useful law, more often demanded 19even in the best days of the Republic is there than the law providing that praetorian provinces be held for not more than one year and consular for not more than two?" + }, + { + "id": 10673, + "la": "Hac lege sublata videnturne vobis posse Caesaris acta servari?", + "en": "When this law is abolished, do you think it possible for Caesars acts to be maintained?35" + }, + { + "id": 10674, + "la": "Quid? Lege quae promulgata est de tertia decuria nonne omnes iudiciariae leges Caesaris dissolvuntur?", + "en": "What about the law that has been promulgated concerning a third panel of jurors;36 does it not set aside the whole of Caesars judiciary legislation?" + }, + { + "id": 10675, + "la": "Et vos acta Caesaris defenditis qui leges eius evertitis?", + "en": "And do you defend Caesars acts while you subvert his laws?" + }, + { + "id": 10676, + "la": "Nisi forte, si quid memoriae causa rettulit in libellum, id numerabitur in actis et, quamvis iniquum et inutile sit, defendetur: quod ad populum centuriatis comitiis tulit, id in actis Caesaris non habebitur", + "en": "Or perhaps we should say that if Caesar jotted something in a notebook as an aid to memory, we must count that among his acts and defend it, no matter how unjust and inadvisable it may be, whereas a law that he submitted to the people at the centuriate assembly is not to be regarded as an act of Caesars?37" + }, + { + "id": 10677, + "la": "At quae est ista tertia decuria?", + "en": "However, what is this 20third jury panel?" + }, + { + "id": 10678, + "la": "Centurionum, inquit Quid?", + "en": "It is composed of centurions, he says. Indeed?" + }, + { + "id": 10679, + "la": "Isti ordini iudicatus lege Iulia, etiam ante Pompeia, Aurelia non patebat?", + "en": "Service as a juror was not open to that class under the Julian law, and even earlier under the Pompeian and Aurelian?38" + }, + { + "id": 10680, + "la": "Census praefiniebatur, inquit", + "en": "That was with a property qualification, he says." + }, + { + "id": 10681, + "la": "Non centurioni quidem solum sed equiti etiam Romano;", + "en": "Well, but this applied not merely to a centurion but to a Roman knight as well." + }, + { + "id": 10682, + "la": "itaque viri fortissimi atque honestissimi qui ordines duxerunt res et iudicant et iudicaverunt", + "en": "And so, brave and respectable persons who have served as centurions are sitting on juries and have done so in the past." + }, + { + "id": 10683, + "la": "Non quaero, inquit istos: quicumque ordinem duxit, iudicet.", + "en": "I am not interested in those individuals, he says. Let every man who has served as centurion sit on juries." + }, + { + "id": 10684, + "la": "At si ferretis quicumque equo meruisset, quod est lautius, nemini probaretis;", + "en": "But if you and your colleague were making the same proposal with respect to every man who has served in the army on horseback,39 which carries more distinction, you would win support from no one." + }, + { + "id": 10685, + "la": "in iudice enim spectari et fortuna debet et dignitas", + "en": "In a juror both financial means and status ought to be considered." + }, + { + "id": 10686, + "la": "Non quaero, inquit, ista: addo etiam iudices manipularis ex legione Alaudarum", + "en": "I am not interested in all that, he says. In addition, I am giving the right to private soldiers of the Larks Legion.40" + }, + { + "id": 10687, + "la": "Aliter enim nostri negant posse se salvos esse.", + "en": "Our people41 say that otherwise they cannot be safe from prosecution." + }, + { + "id": 10688, + "la": "O contumeliosum honorem eis quos ad iudicandum nec opinantis vocatis!", + "en": "Oh what an insulting honor for those whom you and your colleague are summoning out of the blue to sit as jurors." + }, + { + "id": 10689, + "la": "Hic enim est legis index ut ei res in tertia decuria iudicent qui libere iudicare non audeant", + "en": "The rubric to the law states, I might almost say, that the third panel shall consist of jurors who dare not render an independent verdict." + }, + { + "id": 10690, + "la": "In quo quantus error est, di immortales, eorum qui istam legem excogitaverunt!", + "en": "Ah, but by the immortal gods, what a monumental error the contrivers of this law are making!" + }, + { + "id": 10691, + "la": "Ut enim quisque sordidissimus videbitur, ita libentissime severitate iudicandi sordis suas eluet laborabitque ut honestis decuriis potius dignus videatur quam in turpem iure coniectus", + "en": "Why, the spottier a mans credentials, the more eager he will be to wash away his spots by strictness in the jury box, the harder he will try to look as though he ought to be on a respectable panel, instead of being rightly thrust into a disreputable one." + }, + { + "id": 10692, + "la": "[9] Altera promulgata lex est ut de vi et maiestatis damnati ad populum provocent, si velint", + "en": "[9] Another law has been promulgated permitting persons 21convicted of violence and treason to appeal to the people, if they wish." + }, + { + "id": 10693, + "la": "Haec utrum tandem lex est an legum omnium dissolutio?", + "en": "Is this a law or the cancellation of all laws?" + }, + { + "id": 10694, + "la": "Quis est autem hodie cuius intersit istam legem rogari?", + "en": "Besides, who is there today who has any stake in having such a law put to a vote?" + }, + { + "id": 10695, + "la": "Nemo reus est legibus illis, nemo quem futurum putemus", + "en": "Nobody stands accused under those laws, nobody is expected to be accused," + }, + { + "id": 10696, + "la": "Armis enim gesta numquam profecto in iudicium vocabuntur", + "en": "for obviously acts of warfare will never be brought before a court of law." + }, + { + "id": 10697, + "la": "At res popularis.", + "en": "But its a popular measure." + }, + { + "id": 10698, + "la": "Utinam quidem aliquid velletis esse populare!", + "en": "I only wish you gentlemen wanted anything you do to be truly pleasing to the people,42" + }, + { + "id": 10699, + "la": "Omnes enim iam cives de rei publicae salute una et mente et voce consentiunt", + "en": "for all citizens are now of one mind and voice concerning the welfare of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 10700, + "la": "Quae est igitur ista cupiditas legis eius ferendae quae turpitudinem summam habeat, gratiam nullam?", + "en": "So why are you so anxious to pass this law which entails the utmost disgrace and no goodwill?" + }, + { + "id": 10701, + "la": "Quid enim turpius quam qui maiestatem populi Romani minuerit per vim, eum damnatum iudicio ad eam ipsam vim reverti propter quam sit iure damnatus?", + "en": "For what is more disgraceful than a return to violence on the part of a man justly convicted for such conduct, one who has committed treason by resorting to violence and hence been condemned in a court?" + }, + { + "id": 10702, + "la": "Sed quid plura de lege disputo?", + "en": "But I need 22not go on talking about the law," + }, + { + "id": 10703, + "la": "Quasi vero id agatur ut quisquam provocet: id agitur, id fertur ne quis omnino umquam istis legibus reus fiat", + "en": "as though its purpose were to allow appeals; its purpose, its intent, is that nobody should ever be charged under the laws punishing violence and treason." + }, + { + "id": 10704, + "la": "Quis enim aut accusator tam amens reperietur qui reo condemnato obici se multitudini conductae velit, aut iudex qui reum damnare audeat, ut ipse ad operas mercennarias statim protrahatur?", + "en": "For what prosecutor will be found crazy enough to be willing to allow himself to be exposed to a hired crowd after the accused is found guilty, or what juror crazy enough to dare convict a defendant when the juror himself faces the prospect of being dragged up immediately before a mercenary gang?" + }, + { + "id": 10705, + "la": "Non igitur provocatio ista lege datur, sed duae maxime salutares leges quaestionesque tolluntur", + "en": "Therefore, this law does not grant a right of appeal, but it does away with two very salutary laws and courts." + }, + { + "id": 10706, + "la": "Quid est aliud hortari adulescentis ut turbulenti, ut seditiosi, ut perniciosi cives velint esse?", + "en": "Does not this constitute an invitation to our young men to become turbulent agitators and harmful citizens?" + }, + { + "id": 10707, + "la": "Quam autem ad pestem furor tribunicius impelli non poterit his duabus quaestionibus de vi et maiestate sublatis?", + "en": "To what ruinous act will the subversive tendencies of tribunes not be able to be incited, once these two courts, of violence and of treason, have been abolished?" + }, + { + "id": 10708, + "la": "Quid quod obrogatur legibus Caesaris, quae iubent ei qui de vi itemque ei qui maiestatis damnatus sit aqua et igni interdici?", + "en": "Again, is not this to alter the laws of Caesar, which 23declare that any man found guilty of violence, and likewise any man found guilty of treason, is to be outlawed?" + }, + { + "id": 10709, + "la": "Quibus cum provocatio datur, nonne acta Caesaris rescinduntur?", + "en": "When the right of appeal is granted to such, are not Caesars acts rescinded?" + }, + { + "id": 10710, + "la": "Quae quidem ego, patres conscripti, qui illa numquam probavi, tamen ita conservanda concordiae causa arbitratus sum ut non modo, quas vivus leges Caesar tulisset, infirmandas hoc tempore non putarem, sed ne illas quidem quas post mortem Caesaris prolatas esse et fixas videtis", + "en": "I, who never approved those acts, Members of the Senate, nevertheless judged that they should be retained for concords sake, and consequently I arrived at the opinion that we should not abolish at this time not only the laws passed by Caesar while yet alive but even those that you see produced and posted after Caesars death." + }, + { + "id": 10711, + "la": "[10] De exsilio reducti a mortuo;", + "en": "[10] Exiles have been restored by a dead man;" + }, + { + "id": 10712, + "la": "civitas data non solum singulis sed nationibus et provinciis universis a mortuo;", + "en": "citizenship 24has been conferred by a dead man, not only upon individuals but on peoples and whole provinces;43" + }, + { + "id": 10713, + "la": "immunitatibus infinitis sublata vectigalia a mortuo", + "en": "through the granting of countless exemptions, revenues have been abolished by a dead man." + }, + { + "id": 10714, + "la": "Ergo haec uno verum optimo auctore domo prolata defendimus:", + "en": "Well, we defend these ordinances, produced from a private house on the authority (admittedly excellent) of one individual." + }, + { + "id": 10715, + "la": "eas leges quas ipse nobis inspectantibus recitavit, pronuntiavit, tulit, quibus latis gloriabatur eisque legibus rem publicam contineri putabat, de provinciis, de iudiciis, eas, inquam, Caesaris leges nos qui defendimus acta Caesaris evertendas putamus?", + "en": "What of the laws that Caesar in person read out and published and carried before our eyes, the laws in which he gloried as their sponsor, on which he believed the existence of the Republic to depend, the laws on the provinces and the courts? Yes, those laws of Caesar: do we, who defend Caesars acts, think they ought to be overturned?" + }, + { + "id": 10716, + "la": "Ac de his tamen legibus quae promulgatae sunt saltem queri possumus:", + "en": "And these laws,44 25which have been promulgated, are at least open to protest on our part;" + }, + { + "id": 10717, + "la": "de eis quae iam latae dicuntur ne illud quidem licuit", + "en": "but not even that was permitted in the case of laws alleged to have been already passed." + }, + { + "id": 10718, + "la": "Illae enim sine ulla promulgatione latae sunt ante quam scriptae", + "en": "They were passed without any promulgation before they were committed to writing.45" + }, + { + "id": 10719, + "la": "Quaero autem quid sit cur aut ego aut quisquam vestrum, patres conscripti, bonis tribunis plebi leges malas metuat", + "en": "And now I put a question: why should I or any of you, Members of the Senate, fear bad laws when we have good tribunes of the plebs?" + }, + { + "id": 10720, + "la": "Paratos habemus qui intercedant, paratos qui rem publicam religione defendant: vacui metu esse debemus", + "en": "There they are, ready to use their veto, ready to defend the Republic by the sanctity of their office. Our minds should be at ease." + }, + { + "id": 10721, + "la": "Quas tu mihi, inquit intercessiones, quas religiones?", + "en": "Vetoes? says he. Religious sanctions? What are you talking about?" + }, + { + "id": 10722, + "la": "Eas scilicet quibus rei publicae salus continetur", + "en": "Why, naturally, those which are bound up with the welfare of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 10723, + "la": "Neglegimus ista et nimis antiqua ac stulta ducimus: forum saepietur;", + "en": "Oh, we take no notice of that sort of thing. Antiquated nonsense, thats what we think of it. The Forum will be fenced off," + }, + { + "id": 10724, + "la": "omnes claudentur aditus;", + "en": "all entries barred." + }, + { + "id": 10725, + "la": "armati in praesidiis multis locis collocabuntur.", + "en": "Armed men will be posted on guard at many points." + }, + { + "id": 10726, + "la": "Quid tum? Quod ita erit gestum, id lex erit?", + "en": "And then what? Will something 26transacted in this fashion be a law?" + }, + { + "id": 10727, + "la": "Et in aes incidi iubebitis, credo, illa legitima:", + "en": "I suppose you will have the stock formula in legislation engraved on bronze:" + }, + { + "id": 10728, + "la": "consules populum iure rogaverunt'hocine a maioribus accepimus ius rogandi?'", + "en": "The Consuls lawfully proposed to the people'is this the traditional right of proposal?'" + }, + { + "id": 10729, + "la": "populusque iure scivit", + "en": "and the people lawfully enacted." + }, + { + "id": 10730, + "la": "Qui populus? Isne qui exclusus est?", + "en": "What people? The people who were shut out?" + }, + { + "id": 10731, + "la": "Quo iure? An eo quod vi et armis omne sublatum est?", + "en": "Lawfully? Are you referring to a legality that has been entirely abolished by armed violence?" + }, + { + "id": 10732, + "la": "Atque haec dico de futuris, quod est amicorum ante dicere ea quae vitari possint: quae si facta non erunt, refelletur oratio mea", + "en": "Now understand, I am speaking of the future'it is the part of friends to speak beforehand of such things as can be avoided. If they do not come to pass, my words will be refuted." + }, + { + "id": 10733, + "la": "Loquor de legibus promulgatis, de quibus est integrum vobis, demonstro vitia", + "en": "I am talking about promulgated laws, as to which your hands are still free, and I am pointing out flaws." + }, + { + "id": 10734, + "la": "Tollite! Denuntio vim, arma Removete!", + "en": "Remove them! I warn of violence, of armed force. Take it away!" + }, + { + "id": 10735, + "la": "[11] Irasci quidem vos mihi, Dolabella, pro re publica dicenti non oportebit", + "en": "[11] It will not be proper for you and your colleague, 27Dolabella, to be angry with me for speaking out on behalf of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 10736, + "la": "Quamquam te quidem id facturum non arbitror'novi facilitatem tuam;", + "en": "To be sure, I do not suppose that you will react that way'I know your easy temper;" + }, + { + "id": 10737, + "la": "collegam tuum aiunt in hac sua fortuna, quae bona ipsi videtur'", + "en": "as to your colleague, they say that he in this fortune of his, which in his eyes is good'" + }, + { + "id": 10738, + "la": "mihi, ne gravius quippiam dicam, avorum et avunculi sui consulatum si imitaretur, fortunatior videretur'", + "en": "to me, to put it thus mildly, he would appear more fortunate, if he took as his models the consulships of his grandfathers and his maternal uncle46'" + }, + { + "id": 10739, + "la": "sed eum iracundum audio factum", + "en": "anyhow, I hear that he has become irascible." + }, + { + "id": 10740, + "la": "Video autem quam sit odiosum habere eundem iratum et armatum, cum tanta praesertim gladiorum sit impunitas:", + "en": "And I am well aware how disagreeable it is to have a man angry when he carries a weapon, especially in times when swords are used with so much impunity." + }, + { + "id": 10741, + "la": "sed proponam ius, ut opinor, aequum, quod M Antonium non arbitror repudiaturum", + "en": "But I shall make what seems to me a fair proposition, one which I do not think Marcus Antonius will reject." + }, + { + "id": 10742, + "la": "Ego, si quid in vitam eius aut in mores cum contumelia dixero, quo minus mihi inimicissimus sit non recusabo;", + "en": "If I say anything offensive concerning his career or character, I shall not object to his becoming my mortal enemy." + }, + { + "id": 10743, + "la": "sin consuetudinem meam quam in re publica semper habui tenuero, id est si libere quae sentiam de re publica dixero, primum deprecor ne irascatur;", + "en": "On the other hand, if I hold to my invariable practice in public life, that is, if I speak my mind freely on public affairs, in the first place I beg him not to be angry;" + }, + { + "id": 10744, + "la": "deinde, si hoc non impetro, peto ut sic irascatur ut civi", + "en": "and if that plea fails, then I ask him to be angry with me as a fellow citizen." + }, + { + "id": 10745, + "la": "Armis utatur, si ita necesse est, ut dicit, sui defendendi causa:", + "en": "Let him use arms, if that is necessary (as he says it is), for his own defense," + }, + { + "id": 10746, + "la": "eis qui pro re publica quae ipsis visa erunt dixerint ista arma ne noceant", + "en": "but let those arms do no injury to people who speak their own minds on behalf of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 10747, + "la": "Quid hac postulatione dici potest aequius?", + "en": "Well, what can be fairer than what I am asking?" + }, + { + "id": 10748, + "la": "Quod si, ut mihi a quibusdam eius familiaribus dictum est, omnis eum quae habetur contra voluntatem eius oratio graviter offendit, etiam si nulla inest contumelia, feremus amici naturam", + "en": "Certain of 28his closest friends, however, tell me that all speech that is held to be contrary to his wishes gravely offends him, even if no insult is involved. If that be so, I shall put up with a friends humor." + }, + { + "id": 10749, + "la": "Sed idem illi ita mecum loquuntur: non idem tibi adversario Caesaris licebit quod Pisoni socero, et simul admonent quiddam quod cavebimus;", + "en": "But I am told by these same persons: You were an adversary of Caesar; you cannot expect to be allowed the same license as Piso, Caesars father-in-law." + }, + { + "id": 10750, + "la": "nec erit iustior in senatum non veniendi morbi causa quam mortis", + "en": "And they go on to give me a hint that I shall bear in mind: as a reason for not attending the senate, death will be as good an excuse as illness." + }, + { + "id": 10751, + "la": "[12] Sed per deos immortalis!'", + "en": "[12] But in the name of the immortal gods!'" + }, + { + "id": 10752, + "la": "te enim intuens, Dolabella, qui es mihi carissimus, non possum de utriusque vestrum errore reticere", + "en": "when I 29look at you, Dolabella, very dear to me as you are, I cannot keep silent about the mistake which both of you gentlemen are making." + }, + { + "id": 10753, + "la": "Credo enim vos nobilis homines magna quaedam spectantis non pecuniam, ut quidam nimis creduli suspicantur, quae semper ab amplissimo quoque clarissimoque contempta est, non opes violentas et populo Romano minime ferendam potentiam, sed caritatem civium et gloriam concupivisse", + "en": "I do not suppose that you, being men of noble birth with lofty aims, have set your sights on money, as certain over-credulous folk suspect'for money has ever been despised by all the greatest and most renowned men'nor yet on might backed by violence and on power such as the Roman people can in no way tolerate; not on these then, but on glory and a place in the hearts of your countrymen." + }, + { + "id": 10754, + "la": "Est autem gloria laus recte factorum magnorumque in rem publicam fama meritorum, quae cum optimi cuiusque, tum etiam multitudinis testimonio comprobatur", + "en": "Glory, moreover, consists in the credit for honorable deeds and the reputation for great services benefiting the Republic, approved by the testimony of the best among us and also by that of the multitude." + }, + { + "id": 10755, + "la": "Dicerem, Dolabella, qui recte factorum fructus esset, nisi te praeter ceteros paulisper esse expertum viderem", + "en": "I would be telling you, 30Dolabella, what the reward of good deeds is, if I were not aware of the fact that for a short while you had more experience of it than any other man." + }, + { + "id": 10756, + "la": "Quem potes recordari in vita illuxisse tibi diem laetiorem quam cum expiato foro, dissipato concursu impiorum, principibus sceleris poena adfectis, , te domum recepisti?", + "en": "What happier or brighter day in your life can you remember than the day you returned home after purging the Forum, dispersing the concourse of traitors, punishing the ringleaders, and freeing Rome from the threat of arson and the fear of massacre?" + }, + { + "id": 10757, + "la": "Cuius ordinis, cuius generis, cuius denique fortunae studia tum laudi et gratulationi tuae se non obtulerunt?", + "en": "People of all classes, sorts, and conditions came up to you on your way with enthusiastic praise and congratulation." + }, + { + "id": 10758, + "la": "Quin mihi etiam, quo auctore te in his rebus uti arbitrabantur, et gratias boni viri agebant et tuo nomine gratulabantur", + "en": "Indeed, decent men47 were actually thanking me and congratulating me on your account under the impression that I had been your mentor in these proceedings." + }, + { + "id": 10759, + "la": "Recordare, quaeso, Dolabella, consensum illum theatri, cum omnes earum rerum obliti propter quas fuerant tibi offensi significarent se beneficio novo memoriam veteris doloris abiecisse", + "en": "Please recall, Dolabella, the unanimous applause in the theater, when all present, forgetting their past grievances against you,48 made it plain that after this recent benefaction they had cast aside the recollection of old bitterness." + }, + { + "id": 10760, + "la": "Hanc tu, P Dolabella'magno loquor cum dolore'hanc tu, inquam, potuisti aequo animo tantam dignitatem deponere?", + "en": "Could you, 31Publius Dolabella'I speak with much pain'could you, I say, calmly lay down such high standing as this?" + }, + { + "id": 10761, + "la": "[13] Tu autem, M Antoni'absentem enim appello'", + "en": "[13] And you, Marcus Antonius'I address you though you are not here'" + }, + { + "id": 10762, + "la": "unum illum diem quo in aede Telluris senatus fuit non omnibus his mensibus quibus te quidam multum a me dissentientes beatum putant anteponis?", + "en": "surely you prize that one day when the senate met in the Temple of Tellus beyond all these recent months in which some folk with whom I profoundly disagree regard you as felicitous?" + }, + { + "id": 10763, + "la": "Quae fuit oratio de concordia!", + "en": "What a speech you made about concord!" + }, + { + "id": 10764, + "la": "Quanto metu senatus, quanta sollicitudine civitas tum a te liberata est cum collegam tuum, depositis inimicitiis, oblitus auspiciorum a te ipso augure populi Romani nuntiato, illo primum die collegam tibi esse voluisti;", + "en": "From what fear did you deliver the senate, from what anxiety did you deliver the community, when you dropped your quarrel with your colleague and, forgetting the auspices previously announced by yourself as augur of the Roman people,49 you desired him on that day, for the first time, to be your colleague;" + }, + { + "id": 10765, + "la": "cum tuus parvus filius in Capitolium a te missus pacis obses fuit!", + "en": "and you sent your little son up to the Capitol as a hostage for peace.50" + }, + { + "id": 10766, + "la": "Quo senatus die laetior, quo populus Romanus?", + "en": "What 32day was happier for the senate, what day for the Roman people," + }, + { + "id": 10767, + "la": "Qui quidem nulla in contione umquam frequentior fuit", + "en": "who never attended any public assembly in greater numbers?" + }, + { + "id": 10768, + "la": "Tum denique liberati per viros fortissimos videbamur, quia, ut illi voluerant, libertatem pax consequebatur", + "en": "Only then did we feel liberated by that brave company,51 because peace was following in the wake of freedom, as they had wanted." + }, + { + "id": 10769, + "la": "Proximo, altero, tertio, denique reliquis consecutis diebus non intermittebas quasi donum aliquod cotidie adferre rei publicae;", + "en": "The next day and the next and the next and onwards, one day after another, you did not cease to bring the Republic a daily gift, so to speak;" + }, + { + "id": 10770, + "la": "maximum autem illud quod dictaturae nomen sustulisti", + "en": "the greatest of all was your act of abolishing the title dictator." + }, + { + "id": 10771, + "la": "Haec inusta est a te, a te, inquam, mortuo Caesari nota ad ignominiam sempiternam", + "en": "Thereby you'yes, you, I say'branded Caesar in his grave with everlasting infamy." + }, + { + "id": 10772, + "la": "Ut enim propter unius M Manli scelus decreto gentis Manliae neminem patricium Manlium vocari licet, sic tu propter unius dictatoris odium nomen dictatoris funditus sustulisti", + "en": "For, just as because of a crime committed by one of its members, Marcus Manlius,52 no patrician belonging to the Manlian clan is permitted to be called Marcus Manlius by decree of the clan, so because of the hatred felt for one particular dictator you totally abolished the name of dictator." + }, + { + "id": 10773, + "la": "Num te, cum haec pro salute rei publicae tanta gessisses, fortunae tuae, num amplitudinis, num claritatis, num gloriae paenitebat?", + "en": "After these magnificent contributions to the welfare of33the Republic, surely you felt no regret for your success, did you, no regret for your greatness, none for your fame, none for your glory?" + }, + { + "id": 10774, + "la": "Unde igitur subito tanta ista mutatio?", + "en": "What, then, is the cause of this sudden and significant change in your course?" + }, + { + "id": 10775, + "la": "Non possum adduci ut suspicer te pecunia captum", + "en": "I cannot bring myself to suspect that you yielded to a pecuniary temptation." + }, + { + "id": 10776, + "la": "Licet quod cuique libet loquatur, credere non est necesse", + "en": "People may say what they please; one does not have to believe them." + }, + { + "id": 10777, + "la": "Nihil enim umquam in te sordidum, nihil humile cognovi", + "en": "I have never known anything mean, anything sordid in your character." + }, + { + "id": 10778, + "la": "Quamquam solent domestici depravare non numquam;", + "en": "True, men are sometimes corrupted by those close to them.53" + }, + { + "id": 10779, + "la": "sed novi firmitatem tuam", + "en": "But I know what stout stuff you aremade of." + }, + { + "id": 10780, + "la": "Atque utinam ut culpam, sic etiam suspicionem vitare potuisses!", + "en": "It is a pity you could not avoid the suspicion, as you avoided the guilt." + }, + { + "id": 10781, + "la": "[14] Illud magis vereor ne ignorans verum iter gloriae gloriosum putes plus te unum posse quam omnis et metui a civibus tuis quam diligi malis", + "en": "[14] What I am more afraid of is that in ignorance of the true path of glory, you think it glorious to have more power than the rest of us put together and prefer the fear of your countrymen to their esteem." + }, + { + "id": 10782, + "la": "Quod si ita putas, totam ignoras viam gloriae", + "en": "If you think along those lines, you are utterly ignorant of the road to glory." + }, + { + "id": 10783, + "la": "Carum esse civem, bene de re publica mereri, laudari, coli, diligi gloriosum est;", + "en": "It is glorious to be a citizen dear to the community, to deserve well of the Republic, to be praised and courted and esteemed." + }, + { + "id": 10784, + "la": "metui vero et in odio esse invidiosum, detestabile, imbecillum, caducum", + "en": "But to be feared and hated carries ill-will, execration, weakness, insecurity." + }, + { + "id": 10785, + "la": "Quod videmus etiam in fabula illi ipsi qui oderint, dum metuant dixerit perniciosum fuisse", + "en": "Even in the play we see 34that it was ruinous to the very character54 who said Let them hate me, so long as they fear me." + }, + { + "id": 10786, + "la": "Utinam, M Antoni, avum tuum meminisses!", + "en": "Ah, Marcus Antonius, would that you remembered your grandfather!55" + }, + { + "id": 10787, + "la": "De quo tamen audisti multa ex me eaque saepissime", + "en": "But you have heard me talk of him much and very often!" + }, + { + "id": 10788, + "la": "Putasne illum immortalitatem mereri voluisse, ut propter armorum habendorum licentiam metueretur?", + "en": "Do you think he would have wished to earn immortality, if that involved being feared on account of a license to keep an armed following?" + }, + { + "id": 10789, + "la": "Illa erat vita, illa secunda fortuna, libertate esse parem ceteris, principem dignitate", + "en": "No, the life and success he wanted meant parity in freedom, primacy in prestige." + }, + { + "id": 10790, + "la": "Itaque, ut omittam res avi tui prosperas, acerbissimum eius supremum diem malim quam L Cinnae dominatum, a quo ille crudelissime est interfectus", + "en": "And so, to say nothing of your grandfathers time of prosperity, I would prefer that bitterest last day of his life to the autocracy of Lucius Cinna, who cruelly murdered him." + }, + { + "id": 10791, + "la": "Sed quid oratione te flectam?", + "en": "But why 35do I try to turn you from your course with words?" + }, + { + "id": 10792, + "la": "Si enim exitus C Caesaris efficere non potest ut malis carus esse quam metui, nihil cuiusquam proficiet nec valebit oratio", + "en": "If Gaius Caesars end cannot cause you to prefer to be loved than to be feared, nobodys words will do any good or make any impression." + }, + { + "id": 10793, + "la": "Quem qui beatum fuisse putant, miseri ipsi sunt", + "en": "Those who think Caesar was happy are themselves miserable." + }, + { + "id": 10794, + "la": "Beatus est nemo qui ea lege vivit ut non modo impune sed etiam cum summa interfectoris gloria interfici possit", + "en": "No man is happy who lives on such terms that he can be killed not only with impunity but even to the supreme glory of his killer." + }, + { + "id": 10795, + "la": "Qua re flecte te, quaeso, et maiores tuos respice atque ita guberna rem publicam ut natum esse te cives tui gaudeant:", + "en": "Therefore, alter your course, I beg you, and look back on your ancestors, and so guide the Republic that your fellow countrymen will be glad that you were born." + }, + { + "id": 10796, + "la": "sine quo nec beatus nec clarus nec tutus quisquam esse omni potest", + "en": "Without that, it is completely impossible for anyone to be happy or famous or safe." + }, + { + "id": 10797, + "la": "[15] populi quidem Romani iudicia multa ambo habetis, quibus vos non satis moveri permoleste fero", + "en": "[15] But the Roman people have expressed 36their sentiments to both of you by many signs, and I am very sorry that these have not had as much effect upon you as they should." + }, + { + "id": 10798, + "la": "Quid enim gladiatoribus clamores innumerabilium civium?", + "en": "What of the shouts of countless voices at the show of gladiators," + }, + { + "id": 10799, + "la": "Quid populi versus?", + "en": "what of the verses chanted by the people," + }, + { + "id": 10800, + "la": "Quid Pompei statuae plausus infiniti?", + "en": "what of the endless applause for Pompeius statue56" + }, + { + "id": 10801, + "la": "Quid duobus tribunis plebis qui vobis adversantur?", + "en": "and for two tribunes of the plebs57 who oppose you and your colleague'" + }, + { + "id": 10802, + "la": "Parumne haec significant incredibiliter consentientem populi Romani universi voluntatem?", + "en": "is not all this enough to signify a truly extraordinary consensus of the entire Roman people?" + }, + { + "id": 10803, + "la": "Quid? Apollinarium ludorum plausus vel testimonia potius et iudicia populi Romani parum magna vobis videbantur?", + "en": "And then there was the applause at the Apollinarian games,58 or rather the peoples testimony and expression of their feelings. Did you find that insufficient?" + }, + { + "id": 10804, + "la": "O beatos illos qui, cum adesse ipsis propter vim armorum non licebat, aderant tamen et in medullis populi Romani ac visceribus haerebant!", + "en": "Happy were they who were kept away by force of arms but were present none the less, deep down in the hearts of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 10805, + "la": "Nisi forte Accio tum plaudi et sexagesimo post anno palmam dari, non Bruto putabatis;", + "en": "Or did you think it was Accius who won the applause and the prize sixty years later,59 and not Brutus?" + }, + { + "id": 10806, + "la": "qui ludis suis ita caruit ut in illo apparatissimo spectaculo studium populus Romanus tribueret absenti, desiderium liberatoris sui perpetuo plausu et clamore leniret", + "en": "Brutus could not be present at his own games, but at that magnificent spectacle the Roman people paid him in his absence the tribute of their affection, assuaging their longing for their deliverer with sustained clapping and shouting." + }, + { + "id": 10807, + "la": "Equidem is sum qui istos plausus, cum popularibus civibus tribuerentur, semper contempserim; idemque cum a summis, mediis, infimis, cum denique ab universis hoc idem fit, cumque ei qui ante sequi populi consensum solebant fugiunt, non plausum illum, sed iudicium puto", + "en": "For my part, I am 37one who has always scorned such applause when bestowed on demagogues; but when it comes from all ranks, from the highest to the lowest, from everybody present in fact, and when those who previously made it a habit to follow the popular consensus take to their heels, in that case, I do not regard it as applause but as a verdict." + }, + { + "id": 10808, + "la": "Sin haec leviora vobis videntur, quae sunt gravissima, num etiam hoc contemnitis quod sensistis tam caram populo Romano vitam A Hirti fuisse?", + "en": "However, if these demonstrations, which are highly impressive, seem rather trivial in your eyes, surely you cannot dismiss, can you, your perception of the deep concern felt by the Roman people for Aulus Hirtius life?60" + }, + { + "id": 10809, + "la": "Satis erat enim probatum illum esse populo Romano, ut est; iucundum amicis, in quo vincit omnis; carum suis, quibus est ille carissimus: tantam tamen sollicitudinem bonorum, tantum timorem in quo meminimus?", + "en": "It was enough to be well thought of by the Roman people, as he is, a delight to his friends'no man is more so'loved by his family, who love him very dearly, but the anxiety expressed by decent folk, the alarm'do we remember the like of it in any other such case?" + }, + { + "id": 10810, + "la": "Certe in nullo Quid igitur?", + "en": "Assuredly not. Well then," + }, + { + "id": 10811, + "la": "Hoc vos, per deos immortalis! Quale sit non interpretamini? Quid?", + "en": "by the immortal gods, do 38you gentlemen not understand what it means? What do you say?" + }, + { + "id": 10812, + "la": "Eos de vestra vita cogitare non censetis quibus eorum quos sperant rei publicae consulturos vita tam cara sit?", + "en": "Do you suppose that people who set so high a value on the lives of those whom they expect to act for the good of the Republic entertain no thoughts about your lives?61" + }, + { + "id": 10813, + "la": "Cepi fructum, patres conscripti, reversionis meae, quoniam et ea dixi ut, quicumque casus consecutus esset, exstaret constantiae meae testimonium, et sum a vobis benigne ac diligenter auditus", + "en": "Members of the Senate, I am well rewarded for my return inasmuch as whatever chance may now befall, my words will stand as a witness to my steadfast purpose; and you have given me a courteous and attentive hearing." + }, + { + "id": 10814, + "la": "Quae potestas si mihi saepius sine meo vestroque periculo fiet, utar: si minus, quantum potero, non tam mihi me quam rei publicae reservabo", + "en": "If I have the opportunity to address you more frequently without danger to you and myself, I shall take advantage of it. If not, I shall, to the best of my ability, preserve my life, not so much for myself as for the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 10815, + "la": "Mihi fere satis est quod vixi vel ad aetatem vel ad gloriam: huc si quid accesserit, non tam mihi quam vobis reique publicae accesserit", + "en": "For myself, I have lived pretty well long enough, whether in years or in glory.62 If more is to come, it will come not so much for me as for you and for the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 10816, + "la": "[1] Maximas tibi, Pansa, gratias omnes et habere et agere debemus qui, cum hodierno die senatum te habiturum non arbitraremur, ut M Bruti, praestantissimi civis, litteras accepisti, ne minimam quidem moram interposuisti quin quam primum maximo gaudio et gratulatione frueremur", + "en": "[1] All of us, Gaius Pansa, ought to feel and express the1 greatest gratitude to you; for, although we were not expecting you to hold a meeting of the senate today, nevertheless, after receiving a letter of Marcus Brutus, a most distinguished citizen, you did not let even the slightest of intervals delay our enjoyment of so great a cause for happiness and congratulation." + }, + { + "id": 10817, + "la": "Cum factum tuum gratum omnibus debet esse, tum vero oratio qua recitatis litteris usus es", + "en": "All should welcome your action, and particularly the speech that you delivered after the letter had been read." + }, + { + "id": 10818, + "la": "Declarasti enim verum esse id quod ego semper sensi, neminem alterius qui suae confideret virtuti invidere", + "en": "You proved true something I have always observed, that a man who is confident of his own worth is never jealous of anothers." + }, + { + "id": 10819, + "la": "Itaque mihi qui plurimis officiis sum cum Bruto et maxima familiaritate coniunctus minus multa de illo dicenda sunt", + "en": "And so there is no need for me2 to say very much about Brutus, to whom I am attached by a great many good offices and the closest friendship." + }, + { + "id": 10820, + "la": "Quas enim ipse mihi partis sumpseram, eas praecepit oratio tua", + "en": "For the role for which I had cast myself has been forestalled by your speech." + }, + { + "id": 10821, + "la": "Sed mihi, patres conscripti, necessitatem attulit paulo plura dicendi sententia eius qui rogatus est ante me;", + "en": "But the proposal of the gentleman who was called before me, Members of the Senate, has placed me under the necessity of saying a little more;" + }, + { + "id": 10822, + "la": "a quo ita saepe dissentio ut iam verear ne, id quod fieri minime debet, minuere amicitiam nostram videatur perpetua dissensio", + "en": "I disagree with him so often that I am beginning to fear that our continual disagreement may seem to be detracting from our friendship, which should by no means happen." + }, + { + "id": 10823, + "la": "Quae est enim ista tua ratio, Calene, quae mens, ut numquam post Kalendas Ianuarias idem senseris quod is qui te sententiam primum rogat, numquam tam frequens senatus fuerit ut unus aliquis sententiam tuam secutus sit?", + "en": "What is this reasoning of yours, Calenus, what is this3 thinking, so that never once since the first of January have you been of the same mind as the gentleman who calls on you first for your view;1 and that there have never been so many senators present as to provide your motion with a single supporter?" + }, + { + "id": 10824, + "la": "Cur semper tui dissimilis defendis?", + "en": "Why are you forever supporting persons unlike yourself?" + }, + { + "id": 10825, + "la": "Cur cum te et vita et fortuna tua ad otium, ad dignitatem invitet, ea probas, ea decernis, ea sentis quae sint inimica et otio communi et dignitati tuae?", + "en": "Why, while your career and fortune invite you to tranquillity and dignity, do you approve, propose, and advocate what is contrary both to general tranquillity and your individual dignity?" + }, + { + "id": 10826, + "la": "[2] Nam ut superiora omittam, hoc certe quod mihi maximam admirationem movet non tacebo: quod est tibi cum Brutis bellum?", + "en": "[2] Leaving previous matters aside, this at least I will4 not pass over in silence, which surprises me most of all: what war do you have with the Bruti?2" + }, + { + "id": 10827, + "la": "Cur eos quos omnes paene venerari debemus solus oppugnas?", + "en": "Why do you alone attack men whom all of us ought, I might almost say, to worship?" + }, + { + "id": 10828, + "la": "Alterum circumsederi non moleste fers; alterum tua sententia spolias eis copiis quas ipse suo labore et periculo ad rei publicae, non ad suum praesidium per se nullo adiuvante confecit", + "en": "You feel no displeasure that one of them is under siege; the other by your proposal you rob of the forces that he has raised by his own efforts at his own risk, on his own without assistance from any quarter, not for his own protection but for that of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 10829, + "la": "Qui est iste tuus sensus, quae cogitatio, Brutos ut non probes, Antonios probes; quos omnes carissimos habent, tu oderis, quos acerbissime ceteri oderunt, tu constantissime diligas?", + "en": "By what sentiment, what process of thought do you disapprove of the Bruti and approve of the Antonii, hating those whom everyone else holds dearest, whereas those whom other people most bitterly hate, you steadfastly esteem?" + }, + { + "id": 10830, + "la": "Amplissimae tibi fortunae sunt, summus honoris gradus, filius, ut et audio et spero, natus ad laudem, cui cum rei publicae causa faveo, tum etiam tua", + "en": "You are a man of the amplest fortune and the highest official rank; you have a son, as I hear and hope, born for distinction; I wish him well both for the sake of the Republic and particularly for yours." + }, + { + "id": 10831, + "la": "Quaero igitur, eum Brutine similem malis an Antoni; ac permitto ut de tribus Antoniis eligas quem velis", + "en": "I ask you then: would you prefer him to be like a5 Brutus or like an Antonius (and I allow you to take your pick among the three Antonii)?" + }, + { + "id": 10832, + "la": "Di meliora! inquies Cur igitur non eis faves, eos laudas quorum similem tuum filium esse vis?", + "en": "May the gods forbid it! you will say. Then why do you not support and applaud those whom you wish your son to resemble?" + }, + { + "id": 10833, + "la": "Simul enim et rei publicae consules et propones illi exempla ad imitandum", + "en": "For thus you will be looking after the best interests of the Republic and at the same time setting before him models for his imitation." + }, + { + "id": 10834, + "la": "Hoc vero, Q Fufi, cupio sine offensione nostrae amicitiae sic tecum ut a te dissentiens senator queri: ita enim dixisti et quidem de scripto'nam te inopia verbi lapsum putarem'litteras Bruti recte et ordine scriptas videri", + "en": "On the following point, Quintus Fufius, I wish to remonstrate with you, without offense to our friendship, as one senator disagreeing with another: you said, speaking from a written draft'for otherwise I should suppose you made a slip because you were at a loss for a word', that Brutus letter appeared rightly and properly written.3" + }, + { + "id": 10835, + "la": "Quid est aliud librarium Bruti laudare, non Brutum?", + "en": "That, surely, is to praise Brutus amanuensis, not Brutus." + }, + { + "id": 10836, + "la": "Usum in re publica, Calene, magnum iam habere et debes et potes", + "en": "By this time, Calenus, you should and can have sufficient6 experience of public affairs." + }, + { + "id": 10837, + "la": "Quando ita decerni vidisti aut quo senatus consulto huius generis'sunt enim innumerabilia'bene scriptas litteras decretum a senatu?", + "en": "When have you seen a decree in this form, or in what senatorial decree of this nature'and there are countless such'have you seen it determined by the senate that a letter was well written?" + }, + { + "id": 10838, + "la": "Quod verbum tibi non excidit, ut saepe fit, fortuito: scriptum, meditatum, cogitatum attulisti", + "en": "You did not let the phrase fall by chance, as often happens: you brought it with you, written down, prepared, pondered.4" + }, + { + "id": 10839, + "la": "[3] Hanc tibi consuetudinem plerisque in rebus bonis obtrectandi si qui detraxerit, quid tibi quod sibi quisque velit non relinquetur?", + "en": "[3] If only someone would rid you of this habit of constantly disparaging decent men, will you not be left with all a man could desire?" + }, + { + "id": 10840, + "la": "Quam ob rem collige te placaque animum istum aliquando et mitiga; audi viros bonos, quibus multis uteris; loquere cum sapientissimo homine, genero tuo, saepius quam ipse tecum: tum denique amplissimi honoris nomen obtinebis", + "en": "So, take stock, calm this mood of yours at some stage and soften it. Listen to decent men, with many of whom you are on familiar terms. Speak with your son-in-law, who is a very wise man, more often than with yourself. Then at last you will fully possess the title of the highest office." + }, + { + "id": 10841, + "la": "An vero hoc pro nihilo putas, in quo equidem pro amicitia tuam vicem dolere soleo, efferri hoc foras et ad populi Romani auris pervenire, ei qui primus sententiam dixerit neminem adsensum?", + "en": "Does it matter nothing to you (for my part, as a friend of yours, it often distresses me on your account) that this is being made public knowledge and reaches the ears of the Roman people, that nobody has supported the senator who gave his opinion first?" + }, + { + "id": 10842, + "la": "Quod etiam hodie futurum arbitror Legiones abducis a Bruto Quas?", + "en": "And I believe that this will be the case today. You take legions from Brutus. Which legions?" + }, + { + "id": 10843, + "la": "Nempe eas quas ille a C Antoni scelere avertit et ad rem publicam sua auctoritate traduxit", + "en": "Presumably those that he diverted from the criminal enterprise of Gaius Antonius and brought over to the Republic by his own authority." + }, + { + "id": 10844, + "la": "Rursus igitur vis nudatum illum atque solum a re publica relegatum videre", + "en": "So you wish to see Brutus once again5 as a man banished from the Republic, exposed and isolated." + }, + { + "id": 10845, + "la": "Vos autem, patres conscripti, si M Brutum deserueritis et prodideritis, quem tandem civem umquam ornabitis, cui favebitis?", + "en": "But you, Members of the Senate, if you should desert7 and betray Marcus Brutus, to what citizen will you ever show appreciation and favor?" + }, + { + "id": 10846, + "la": "Nisi forte eos qui diadema imposuerint conservandos, eos qui regni nomen sustulerint deserendos putatis", + "en": "Or are you perhaps of the opinion that those who laid a diadem upon a head6 are to be preserved, while those who abolished the idea of monarchy are to be forsaken?" + }, + { + "id": 10847, + "la": "Ac de hac quidem divina atque immortali laude Bruti silebo quae gratissima memoria omnium civium inclusa nondum publica auctoritate testata est: tantamne patientiam, di boni, tantam moderationem, tantam in iniuria tranquillitatem et modestiam!", + "en": "However, I shall not speak of this divine and immortal glory of Brutus, enshrined as it is in the most grateful memory of all our countrymen, though as yet unrecognized by public authority.7 What patience, good gods, what moderation, what quiet self-effacement in the face of injustice!" + }, + { + "id": 10848, + "la": "Qui cum praetor urbanus esset, urbe caruit, ius non dixit, cum omne ius rei publicae recuperavisset, cumque concursu cotidiano bonorum omnium qui admirabilis ad eum fieri solebat praesidioque Italiae cunctae saeptus posset esse, absens iudicio bonorum defensus esse maluit quam praesens manu; qui ne Apollinaris quidem ludos pro sua populique Romani dignitate apparatos praesens fecit, ne quam viam patefaceret sceleratissimorum hominum audaciae", + "en": "Though he was city praetor, he stayed away from the city; he did not administer the law, though he had recovered for the Republic all law. And while he might have been fenced around by the daily assembly of all decent men (it was remarkable how they used to cluster to his side) and by the protection of all Italy, he preferred to be defended by the approval of decent men in his absence rather than by their strong arms in his presence. And though he had arranged for the production of the Apollinarian Games in a manner befitting his own and the Roman peoples dignity, he did not even oversee their celebration in person, so as not to open a path for the recklessness of vicious criminals.8" + }, + { + "id": 10849, + "la": "[4] Quamquam qui umquam aut ludi aut dies laetiores fuerunt quam cum in singulis versibus populus Romanus maximo clamore et plausu Bruti memoriam prosequebatur?", + "en": "[4] And yet, were any games,8 any days ever more joyous than when the Roman people revived the memory of Brutus with the greatest outcry and applause in reaction to individual verses?" + }, + { + "id": 10850, + "la": "Corpus aberat liberatoris, libertatis memoria aderat; in qua Bruti imago cerni videbatur", + "en": "The liberator was absent in the flesh, but the memory of liberation was there, and in that memory the likeness of Brutus was clearly to be seen." + }, + { + "id": 10851, + "la": "At hunc eis ipsis ludorum diebus videbam in insu[gu]la carissimi adulescentis, Luculli, propinqui sui, nihil nisi de pace et concordia civium cogitantem", + "en": "And during those very days of the festival, I saw Brutus on the island owned by his relative, Marcus Lucullus, a very distinguished young man,9 where he was pondering nothing except peace and civil concord." + }, + { + "id": 10852, + "la": "Eundem vidi postea Veliae, cedentem Italia ne qua oreretur belli civilis causa propter se", + "en": "Later, I saw him at Velia as he was leaving Italy to prevent some occasion of civil war from arising on his account." + }, + { + "id": 10853, + "la": "O spectaculum illud non modo hominibus sed undis ipsis et litoribus luctuosum!", + "en": "Oh, what a mournful sight not only for men, but even for the very waves and beaches!" + }, + { + "id": 10854, + "la": "Cedere e patria servatorem eius, manere in patria perditores!", + "en": "That from our native land its savior was leaving, while in that native land the betrayers remained!" + }, + { + "id": 10855, + "la": "Cassi classis paucis post diebus consequebatur, ut me puderet, patres conscripti, in eam urbem redire ex qua ill abirent", + "en": "Cassius flotilla followed a few days later; hence I felt ashamed, Members of the Senate, to be returning to the city from which they were departing." + }, + { + "id": 10856, + "la": "Sed quo consilio redierim initio audistis, pot estis experti", + "en": "But at the outset you heard my purpose in returning, and later you witnessed it in execution.10" + }, + { + "id": 10857, + "la": "Exspectatum igitur tempus a Bruto est", + "en": "So, Brutus bided his time." + }, + { + "id": 10858, + "la": "Nam quoad vos omnia pati vidit, usus est ipse incredibili patientia; postea quam vos ad libertatem sensit erectos, praesidia vestrae libertati paravit", + "en": "For as long as he saw you9 putting up with everything, he himself exercised unbelievable patience; but when he perceived that you were ready to fight for freedom,11 he prepared means to protect your freedom." + }, + { + "id": 10859, + "la": "At cui pesti quantaeque restitit!", + "en": "And what a dreadful vermin he opposed!" + }, + { + "id": 10860, + "la": "Si enim C Antonius quod animo intenderat perficere potuisset, ut potuisset nisi eius sceleri virtus M Bruti obstitisset, Macedoniam, Illyricum, Graeciam perdidissemus", + "en": "For if Gaius Antonius had been able to accomplish what he had in mind'as he would have been able, if the valor of Marcus Brutus had not blocked his criminal attempt'we would have lost Macedonia, Illyricum, and Greece." + }, + { + "id": 10861, + "la": "Esset vel receptaculum pulso Antonio vel agger oppugnandae Italiae Graecia;", + "en": "Greece would have become a refuge for Antonius12 if beaten, or a rampart from which to launch an attack on Italy;" + }, + { + "id": 10862, + "la": "quae quidem nunc M Bruti imperio, auctoritate, copiis non instructa solum sed etiam ornata tendit dexteram Italiae suumque ei praesidium pollicetur", + "en": "the same Greece which now, not merely equipped but even embellished with Marcus Brutus military command, authority, and forces, holds out her hand to Italy and promises her protection." + }, + { + "id": 10863, + "la": "Quod qui ab illo abducit exercitum, et respectum pulcherrimum et praesidium firmissimum adimit rei publicae", + "en": "Whoever withdraws from Brutus his army deprives the Republic of both a most splendid fall-back position and a very powerful bulwark." + }, + { + "id": 10864, + "la": "Equidem cupio haec quam primum Antonium audire, ut intellegat non D Brutum, quem vallo circumsedeat, sed se ipsum obsideri", + "en": "For my part, I want Antonius to hear of these developments10 as soon as possible, to make him understand that he himself, and not Decimus Brutus, whom he is surrounding with his palisade, is under siege." + }, + { + "id": 10865, + "la": "[5] Tria tenet oppida to in orbe terrarum; habet inimicissimam Galliam; eos etiam quibus confidebat alienissimos, Transpadanos; Italia omnis infesta est; exterae nationes a prima ora Graeciae usque ad Aegyptum optimorum et fortissimorum civium imperiis et praesidiis tenentur", + "en": "[5] He holds three towns13 in the whole world; Gaul is bitterly hostile to him; even the Transpadanes, on whom he relied,14 are thoroughly estranged; all Italy is against him; foreign nations, from the nearest coast of Greece15 as far as Egypt, are held by the military power and forces of excellent and very brave citizens." + }, + { + "id": 10866, + "la": "Erat ei spes una in C Antonio, qui duorum fratrum aetatibus medius interiectus vitis cum utroque certabat", + "en": "His only hope was in Gaius Antonius, inserted midway in years between his two brothers and in vices the rival of both." + }, + { + "id": 10867, + "la": "Is tamquam extruderetur a senatu in Macedoniam et non contra prohiberetur proficisci, ita cucurrit", + "en": "He dashed off to Macedonia as though the senate were thrusting him forth and not, on the contrary, forbidding him to set out.16" + }, + { + "id": 10868, + "la": "Quae tempestas, di immortales, quae flamma, quae vastitas, quae pestis Graeciae, nisi incredibilis ac divina virtus furentis hominis conatum atque audaciam compressisset!", + "en": "What a storm, by the immortal gods,11 there would have been, what a conflagration, what devastation, what destruction of Greece, if amazing and divine courage had not quelled the madmans reckless enterprise!" + }, + { + "id": 10869, + "la": "Quae celeritas illa Bruti, quae cura, quae virtus!", + "en": "How speedily Brutus acted, how circumspectly, how courageously!" + }, + { + "id": 10870, + "la": "Etsi ne C quidem Antoni celeritas contemnenda est, quam nisi in via caducae hereditates retardassent, volasse eum, non iter fecisse diceres", + "en": "Not that the speed of Gaius Antonius is to be despised; if his quickness had not been slowed by some unclaimed inheritances along his journey,17 he might be said to have flown rather than to have made his way." + }, + { + "id": 10871, + "la": "Alios ad negotium publicum ire cum cupimus, vix solemus extrudere: hunc retinentes extrusimus", + "en": "When we want other people to go on a public business, we usually have difficulty in thrusting them out; him we thrust out as we tried to hold him back." + }, + { + "id": 10872, + "la": "At quid ei cum Apollonia, quid cum Dyrrachio, quid cum Illyrico, quid cum P Vatini imperatoris exercitu?", + "en": "But what had he to do with Apollonia, with Dyrrachium, with Illyricum, or with the army of the imperator Publius Vatinius?18" + }, + { + "id": 10873, + "la": "Succedebat, ut ipse dicebat, Hortensio", + "en": "He was succeeding Hortensius, as he said himself." + }, + { + "id": 10874, + "la": "Certi fines Macedoniae, certa condicio, certus, si modo erat ullus, exercitus", + "en": "Macedonia has fixed boundaries, fixed terms of tenure, and a fixed army, if there was any.19" + }, + { + "id": 10875, + "la": "Cum Illyrico vero et cum Vatini legionibus quid erat Antonio?", + "en": "What business did Antonius have with Illyricum and the legions of Vatinius?" + }, + { + "id": 10876, + "la": "At ne Bruto quidem: id enim fortasse quispiam improbus dixerit", + "en": "But not even Brutus had any, as some ill-disposed person might perhaps say." + }, + { + "id": 10877, + "la": "Omnes legiones, omnes copiae quae ubique sunt rei publicae sunt: nec enim eae legiones quae M Antonium reliquerunt Antoni potius quam rei publicae fuisse dicentur", + "en": "Yet all legions,12 all forces, wherever they are, belong to the Republic: and the legions that abandoned Marcus Antonius will not be said to have belonged to Antonius rather than to the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 10878, + "la": "Omne enim et exercitus et imperi ius amittit is qui eo imperio et exercitu rem publicam oppugnat", + "en": "For all right to an army and authority is forfeited by a man who uses his military authority and his army to attack the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 10879, + "la": "[6] Quod si ipsa res publica iudicaret aut si omne ius decretis eius statueretur, Antonione an Bruto legiones populi Romani adiudicaret?", + "en": "[6] If the Republic itself were judge, or if all rights were determined by its decisions, would it adjudge the legions of the Roman people to Antonius20 or to Brutus?" + }, + { + "id": 10880, + "la": "Alter advolarat subito ad direptionem pestemque sociorum ut, quacumque iret, omnia vastaret, diriperet, auferret, exercitu populi Romani contra ipsum populum Romanum uteretur;", + "en": "The former had rushed up all of a sudden to plunder and plague our allies in order to ravage, pillage, and carry off everything wherever he went, and to use an army of the Roman people against the Roman people itself;" + }, + { + "id": 10881, + "la": "alter eam legem sibi statuerat, ut, quocumque venisset, lux venisse quaedam et spes salutis videretur", + "en": "the latter had made it his rule that wherever he had come, some light and a hope of deliverance would seem to have come." + }, + { + "id": 10882, + "la": "Denique alter ad evertendam rem publicam praesidia quaerebat, alter ad conservandam", + "en": "In a word, the former was seeking military forces in order to overthrow the Republic, the latter to preserve it." + }, + { + "id": 10883, + "la": "Nec vero nos hoc magis videbamus quam ipsi milites a quibus tanta in iudicando prudentia non erat postulanda", + "en": "And we did not see this more clearly than the soldiers themselves saw it, from whom we could not expect such wise discrimination." + }, + { + "id": 10884, + "la": "Cum septem cohortibus esse Apolloniae scribit Antonium, qui iam aut captus est'quod di duint!'aut certe homo verecundus in Macedoniam non accedit ne contra senatus consultum fecisse videatur", + "en": "Brutus writes that Gaius Antonius is in Apollonia with13 seven cohorts; by now either he has been taken prisoner'may the gods grant this!'or at least the modest fellow is keeping away from Macedonia so as not to seem to act contrary to the senates decree." + }, + { + "id": 10885, + "la": "Dilectus habitus in Macedonia est summo Q Hortensi studio et industria; cuius animum egregium dignumque ipso et maioribus eius ex Bruti litteris perspicere potuistis", + "en": "A levy has been held in Macedonia, most zealously and energetically directed by Quintus Hortensius, whose fine spirit, worthy of himself and his ancestors, you could perceive from Brutus letter." + }, + { + "id": 10886, + "la": "Legio quam L Piso ducebat, legatus Antoni, Ciceroni se filio meo tradidit", + "en": "The legion that used to be commanded by Antonius legate, Lucius Piso, surrendered to my son Cicero." + }, + { + "id": 10887, + "la": "Equitatus qui in Syriam ducebatur bipertito alter eum quaestorem a quo ducebatur reliquit in Thessalia seseque ad Brutum contulit, alterum in Macedonia Cn Domitius, adulescens summa virtute, gravitate, constantia, a legato Syriaco abduxit P autem Vatinius, qui et antea iure laudatus a vobis et hoc tempore merito laudandus est, aperuit Dyrrachi portas Bruto et exercitum tradidit", + "en": "Of a force of cavalry that was being marched to Syria in two sections, one section left the quaestor who was leading it in Thessaly and joined Brutus; the other division was withdrawn in Macedonia from the legate of the governor of Syria by Gnaeus Domitius, a young man of the highest courage, responsibility, and resolution. Moreover, Publius Vatinius, whom you have rightly commended in the past and who fully deserves your commendation now, opened the gates of Dyrrachium to Brutus and handed over his army." + }, + { + "id": 10888, + "la": "Tenet igitur res publica Macedoniam, tenet Illyricum, tuetur Graeciam: nostrae sunt legiones, nostra levis armatura, noster equitatus, maximeque noster est Brutus semperque noster, cum sua excellentissima virtute rei publicae natus tum fato quodam paterni maternique generis et nominis", + "en": "Thus the Republic holds Macedonia, it holds Illyricum,14 and it watches over Greece: the legions are ours, the light-armed units are ours, the cavalry is ours, and most of all Brutus is ours, always ours, born for the benefit of the Republic not only owing to his own outstanding courage but also to a certain fate attached to the family and name of both his father and mother.22" + }, + { + "id": 10889, + "la": "[7] Ab hoc igitur viro quisquam bellum timet qui, ante quam nos id coacti suscepimus, in pace iacere quam in bello vigere maluit?", + "en": "[7] Does anyone fear war from this man, who, before we took up arms under compulsion, preferred obscurity in peace to celebrity in war?" + }, + { + "id": 10890, + "la": "Quamquam ille quidem numquam iacuit, neque hoc cadere verbum in tantam virtutis praestantiam potest", + "en": "Not that he was ever obscure; that word cannot apply to such superiority of worth." + }, + { + "id": 10891, + "la": "Erat enim in desiderio civitatis, in ore, in sermone omnium", + "en": "He was what the community longed for, his name was on every tongue, the theme of everyones conversation." + }, + { + "id": 10892, + "la": "Tantum autem aberat a bello ut, cum cupiditate libertatis Italia arderet, defuerit civium studiis potius quam eos in armorum discrimen adduceret", + "en": "But war was so far from his mind that when Italy was aflame with desire for freedom, he disappointed his countrymens eagerness rather than lead them into armed conflict." + }, + { + "id": 10893, + "la": "Itaque illi ipsi si qui sunt qui tarditatem Bruti reprehendant tamen idem moderationem patientiamque mirantur", + "en": "Hence, even those who censure Brutus tardiness, if any such there be, admire his moderation and patience." + }, + { + "id": 10894, + "la": "Sed iam video quae loquantur; neque enim id occulte faciunt: timere se dicunt quo modo ferant veterani exercitum Brutum habere", + "en": "But I already see what some are saying; they make no15 secret of it: they profess to be afraid of how the veterans will take it that Brutus has an army." + }, + { + "id": 10895, + "la": "Quasi vero quicquam intersit inter A Hirti, C Pansae, D Bruti, C Caesaris et hunc exercitum M Bruti!", + "en": "As though there were a difference between the armies of Aulus Hirtius, Gaius Pansa, Decimus Brutus, and Gaius Caesar and this army of Marcus Brutus!" + }, + { + "id": 10896, + "la": "Nam si quattuor exercitus ei de quibus dixi propterea laudantur quod pro populi Romani libertate arma ceperunt, quid est cur hic M Bruti exercitus non in eadem causa reponatur?", + "en": "For if those four armies I have just mentioned are commended for taking up arms in defense of the freedom of the Roman people, why should this army of Marcus Brutus not be placed in the same category?" + }, + { + "id": 10897, + "la": "At enim veteranis suspectum nomen est M Bruti Magisne quam Decimi? Equidem non arbitror", + "en": "But Marcus Brutus name is suspect to the veterans. More than Decimus? I do not think so." + }, + { + "id": 10898, + "la": "Etsi est enim Brutorum commune factum et laudis societas aequa, Decimo tamen iratiores erant ei qui id factum dolebant quo minus ab eo rem illam dicebant fieri debuisse", + "en": "For though the Bruti share the deed and are equal partners in glory, nevertheless, those who lamented the doing of the deed were angrier with Decimus because they said it was particularly unfitting for him to be involved.23" + }, + { + "id": 10899, + "la": "Quid ergo agunt nunc tot exercitus nisi ut obsidione Brutus liberetur?", + "en": "Well, what are all these armies trying to achieve at the present time except Brutus liberation from siege?" + }, + { + "id": 10900, + "la": "Qui autem hos exercitus ducunt?", + "en": "And who are commanding these armies?" + }, + { + "id": 10901, + "la": "Ei, credo, qui C Caesaris [res] acta[s] everti, qui causam veteranorum prodi volunt", + "en": "Persons, I suppose, who want Gaius Caesars acts to be overthrown and the cause of the veterans to be betrayed!" + }, + { + "id": 10902, + "la": "[8] Si ipse viveret C Caesar, acrius, credo, acta sua defenderet quam vir fortissimus defendit Hirtius, aut amicior causae quisquam inveniri potest quam filius!", + "en": "[8] If Gaius Caesar himself were alive, he would,16 I suppose, defend his own acts more vigorously than the very brave Hirtius is defending them!" + }, + { + "id": 10903, + "la": "At horum alter nondum ex longinquitate gravissimi morbi recreatus quicquid habuit virium, id in eorum libertatem defendendam contulit quorum votis iudicavit se a morte revocatum; alter virtutis robore firmior quam aetatis cum istis ipsis veteranis ad D Brutum liberandum est profectus", + "en": "Or can any better friend to Caesars cause be found than his son? And yet the former of these, who had not yet recovered from a lengthy and very serious illness,24 devoted all the strength he had to defending the freedom of those whose prayers, as he believed, had called him back from death. As for the latter, stronger in courage than in years, he set out to liberate Decimus Brutus with those very veterans." + }, + { + "id": 10904, + "la": "Ergo illi certissimi idemque acerrimi Caesaris actorum patroni pro D Bruti salute bellum gerunt, quos veterani sequuntur; de libertate enim populi Romani, non de suis commodis armis decernendum vident", + "en": "And so those most committed and vigorous champions of Caesars acts are waging war to save Decimus Brutus, and the veterans are following them; for they see that it is the freedom of the Roman people, not their own benefits, that has to be decided by arms." + }, + { + "id": 10905, + "la": "Quid est igitur cur eis qui D Brutum omnibus opibus conservatum velint M Bruti sit suspectus exercitus?", + "en": "Why should those who want Decimus17 Brutus saved by every means be suspicious of Marcus Brutus army?" + }, + { + "id": 10906, + "la": "An vero, si quid esset quod a M Bruto timendum videretur, Pansa id non videret, aut, si videret, non laboraret?", + "en": "If there were anything that might seem to give us cause to fear Marcus Brutus, would not Pansa see it; or, seeing it, would he not be concerned?" + }, + { + "id": 10907, + "la": "Quis aut sapientior ad coniecturam rerum futurarum aut ad propulsandum metum diligentior?", + "en": "Is there a man wiser in forecasting the future or more conscientious in warding off a threat?" + }, + { + "id": 10908, + "la": "Atqui huius animum erga M Brutum studiumque vidistis: praecepit oratione sua quid decernere nos de M Bruto, quid sentire oporteret, tantumque afuit ut periculosum rei publicae M Bruti putaret exercitum ut in eo firmissimum rei publicae praesidium et gravissimum poneret", + "en": "And yet you have seen his attitude toward Marcus Brutus and his support: in his speech he told us what we should decree concerning Marcus Brutus and what we should feel; and he was so far from thinking Marcus Brutus army a danger to the Republic that he placed in it the Republics strongest and weightiest support." + }, + { + "id": 10909, + "la": "Scilicet hoc Pansa aut non videt'hebeti enim ingenio est'aut neglegit!", + "en": "Well, I suppose Pansa either does not see it'for he is such a dull fellow!'or disregards it!" + }, + { + "id": 10910, + "la": "Quae enim Caesar egit, ea rata esse non curat: de quibus confirmandis et sanciendis legem comitiis centuriatis ex auctoritate nostra laturus est", + "en": "After all, he cares nothing for the validity of Caesars acts, for the confirmation and ratification of which he is about to bring a law before the centuriate assembly on our authority." + }, + { + "id": 10911, + "la": "[9] Desinant igitur aut ei qui non timent simulare se timere et prospicere rei publicae, aut ei qui omnia verentur nimium esse timidi, ne illorum simulatio, horum obsit ignavia", + "en": "[9] Well then, either let those who are not really afraid cease pretending to be afraid and to be looking out for the Republic, or let those who fear shadows cease to be overly timid so that the hypocrisy of the former and the cowardice of the latter may not cause harm." + }, + { + "id": 10912, + "la": "Quae, malum, est ista ratio semper optimis causis veteranorum nomen opponere?", + "en": "Where, the devil, is18 the sense in perpetually thrusting the name of the veterans in the way of every excellent cause?" + }, + { + "id": 10913, + "la": "Quorum etiam si amplecterer virtutem, ut facio, tamen, si essent adrogantes, non possem ferre fastidium", + "en": "Even if I esteemed their courage, which I do, I would not be able to put up with their haughtiness if they were arrogant." + }, + { + "id": 10914, + "la": "At nos conantis servitutis vincla rumpere impediet si quis veteranos nolle dixerit?", + "en": "But are we going to be hindered in our effort to break the bonds of slavery if somebody tells us that the veterans do not like it?" + }, + { + "id": 10915, + "la": "Non sunt enim, credo, innumerabiles qui pro communi libertate arma capiant!", + "en": "There are not, I suppose, countless numbers to take up arms for the common freedom!" + }, + { + "id": 10916, + "la": "Nemo est praeter veteranos milites vir qui ad servitutem propulsandam ingenuo dolore excitetur!", + "en": "There is no man apart from the veteran soldiers to be spurred by noble indignation to ward off slavery!" + }, + { + "id": 10917, + "la": "Potest igitur stare res publica freta veteranis sine magno subsidio iuventutis!", + "en": "Therefore, the Republic can survive by relying on the veterans, without a large measure of help from the young men!" + }, + { + "id": 10918, + "la": "Quos quidem vos libertatis adiutores complecti debetis: servitutis auctores sequi non debetis", + "en": "You ought to welcome the veterans as aiders of freedom, but you ought not to follow them as promoters of slavery." + }, + { + "id": 10919, + "la": "Postremo'erumpat enim aliquando vera et me digna vox'si veteranorum nutu mentes huius ordinis gubernantur omniaque ad eorum voluntatem nostra dicta facta referuntur, optanda mors est, quae civibus Romanis semper fuit servitute potior", + "en": "Lastly'let the word break out at19 last, a true word worthy myself', if the views of this body are governed by a nod from the veterans and all we say and do is subject to their wishes, then death is to be desired, which Roman citizens have always preferred to slavery." + }, + { + "id": 10920, + "la": "Omnis est misera servitus; sed fuerit quaedam necessaria: ecquodnam principium ponetis libertatis capessendae?", + "en": "Every kind of slavery is miserable, but let us grant that a certain instance of it was unavoidable:26 will you not lay the foundation for some start at recovering liberty?" + }, + { + "id": 10921, + "la": "An, cum illum necessarium et fatalem paene casum non tulerimus, hunc feremus voluntarium?", + "en": "Or, while we did not put up with that inevitable and almost fate-given plight,27 shall we endure this voluntary one?" + }, + { + "id": 10922, + "la": "Tota Italia desiderio libertatis exarsit; servire diutius non potest civitas; serius populo Romano hunc vestitum atque arma dedimus quam ab eo flagitati sumus", + "en": "All Italy has flared up with desire for freedom; the community can be slaves no longer. We have given the Roman people this garb28 and these arms but not as promptly as they had called upon us to do." + }, + { + "id": 10923, + "la": "[10] Magna quidem nos spe et prope explorata libertatis causam suscepimus;", + "en": "[10] We have taken20 up the cause of freedom in high and almost assured hopes;" + }, + { + "id": 10924, + "la": "sed ut concedam incertos exitus esse belli Martemque communem, tamen pro libertate vitae periculo decertandum est", + "en": "but though I admit that the outcome of war is uncertain and that Mars takes both sides,29 even so, we must fight for freedom at the peril of our lives." + }, + { + "id": 10925, + "la": "Non enim in spiritu vita est, sed ea nulla est omnino servienti", + "en": "For life is not just a matter of breathing; a slave has no life at all." + }, + { + "id": 10926, + "la": "Omnes nationes servitutem ferre possunt, nostra civitas non potest, nec ullam aliam ob causam nisi quod illae laborem doloremque fugiunt, quibus ut careant omnia perpeti possunt, nos ita a maioribus instituti atque imbuti sumus ut omnia consilia atque facta ad dignitatem et ad virtutem referremus", + "en": "All nations can endure slavery, while our community cannot, and for no other reason than because those others shun toil and pain and are ready to put up with anything in order to avoid those hardships, whereas we have been thoroughly schooled by our ancestors to make dignity and valor our touchstones in every decision and act." + }, + { + "id": 10927, + "la": "Ita praeclara est recuperatio libertatis ut ne mors quidem sit in repetenda libertate fugienda", + "en": "So splendid is the recovery of freedom that even death is not to be shunned in the struggle to regain it." + }, + { + "id": 10928, + "la": "Quod si immortalitas consequeretur praesentis periculi fugam, tamen eo magis [ea] fugienda videretur quo diuturnior servitus esset", + "en": "And if immortality were the consequence of shunning present danger, it would seem all the more something to be avoided since slavery would last longer." + }, + { + "id": 10929, + "la": "Cum vero dies et noctes omnia nos undique fata circumstent, non est viri minimeque Romani dubitare eum spiritum quem naturae debeat patriae reddere", + "en": "But since death in all its forms is all around us day and night, it is not the part of a man, least of all of a Roman, to hesitate to yield up to his native land the breath he owes to nature." + }, + { + "id": 10930, + "la": "Concurritur undique ad commune incendium restinguendum; veterani qui primi Caesaris auctoritatem secuti conatum Antoni reppulerunt; post eiusdem furorem Martia legio fregit, quarta adflixit", + "en": "There is a rushing from all quarters to stamp out the21 general conflagration. The veterans, following Caesars authority, were the first to beat back Antonius attempt; afterwards, the Martian Legion broke his fury, and the Fourth dashed it to the ground." + }, + { + "id": 10931, + "la": "Sic a suis legionibus condemnatus irrupit in Galliam, quam sibi armis animisque infestam inimicamque cognovit", + "en": "Thus condemned by his own legions, he burst into Gaul, which he has found to be his mortal foe in arms and spirit." + }, + { + "id": 10932, + "la": "Hunc A Hirti, C Caesaris exercitus insecuti sunt; post Pansae dilectus urbem totamque Italiam erexit; unus omnium est hostis", + "en": "He was pursued by the armies of Aulus Hirtius and Gaius Caesar; then Pansas levy roused the city and all Italy; all have a single enemy." + }, + { + "id": 10933, + "la": "Quamquam habet secum Lucium fratrem, carissimum populo Romano civem, cuius desiderium ferre diutius civitas non potest", + "en": "True, he has his brother Lucius with him, the favorite citizen of the Roman people; the community cannot bear to be without him much longer." + }, + { + "id": 10934, + "la": "Quid illa taetrius belua, quid immanius?", + "en": "What is more hideous than this22 beast, what more monstrous?" + }, + { + "id": 10935, + "la": "Qui ob eam causam natus videtur ne omnium mortalium turpissimus esset M Antonius", + "en": "He seems to have been created solely in order that Marcus Antonius should not be the foulest of humankind!" + }, + { + "id": 10936, + "la": "Est una Trebellius, qui iam cum tabulis novis rediit in gratiam; T Plancus et ceteri pares, qui id pugnant, id agunt ut contra rem publicam restituti esse videantur", + "en": "He has with him Trebellius, who has now been reconciled to the proposal for clean slates; Titus Plancus is there and others of his kind, whose one aim and endeavor is to cause their restoration to be seen as an act against the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 10937, + "la": "Et sollicitant homines imperitos Saxa et Cafo, ipsi rustici atque agrestes, qui hanc rem publicam nec viderunt umquam nec videre constitutam volunt, qui non Caesaris, sed Antoni acta defendunt, quos avertit agri Campani infinita possessio; cuius eos non pudere demiror, cum videant se mimos et mimas habere vicinos", + "en": "And Saxa and Cafo stir up naive men, being themselves uncouth, boorish fellows, who never saw nor wish to see this Republic properly established, who defend not Caesars, but Antonius acts, who are seduced by the occupation of unlimited areas of Campanian land: I wonder they are not ashamed of it when they see they have mime actors and actresses for neighbors.31" + }, + { + "id": 10938, + "la": "[11] Ad has pestis opprimendas cur moleste feramus quod M Bruti accessit exercitus?", + "en": "[11] Why should we be displeased that Marcus Brutus23 army has come to join in crushing these vermin?" + }, + { + "id": 10939, + "la": "Immoderati, credo, hominis et turbulenti!", + "en": "An intemperate fellow, no doubt, a troublemaker!" + }, + { + "id": 10940, + "la": "Videte ne nimium paene patientis", + "en": "Rather consider whether he is not almost too patient." + }, + { + "id": 10941, + "la": "Etsi in illius viri consiliis atque factis nihil nec nimium nec parum umquam fuit", + "en": "And yet, in that great mans decisions and acts nothing was ever too much or too little." + }, + { + "id": 10942, + "la": "Omnis voluntas M Bruti, patres conscripti, omnis cogitatio, tota mens auctoritatem senatus, libertatem populi Romani intuetur: haec habet proposita, haec tueri vult", + "en": "Marcus Brutus every wish, Members of the Senate, his every thought, his whole mind is focused upon the authority of the senate and the freedom of the Roman people: these are his goals, these he wishes to protect." + }, + { + "id": 10943, + "la": "Temptavit quid patientia perficere posset; nihil cum proficeret, vi contra vim experiendum putavit", + "en": "He made trial of what patience could accomplish; when it achieved no success, he thought it time to try force against force." + }, + { + "id": 10944, + "la": "Cui quidem, patres conscripti, vos idem hoc tempore tribuere debetis quod a.d XIII Kalendas Ianuarias D Bruto C Caesari me auctore tribuistis, quorum privatum de re publica consilium et factum auctoritate vestra est comprobatum atque laudatum", + "en": "To him, Members of the Senate, you ought to accord at this time the same you accorded to Decimus Brutus and Gaius Caesar on my proposal on the twentieth of December, when their private initiative and action with regard to the Republic were approved and commended by your authority." + }, + { + "id": 10945, + "la": "Quod idem in M Bruto facere debetis, a quo insperatum et repentinum rei publicae praesidium legionum, equitatus, auxiliorum magnae et firmae copiae comparatae sunt", + "en": "You ought to do the same in the case of Marcus24 Brutus, who has raised vast and strong forces comprising legions, cavalry, and auxiliaries as a sudden and unexpected defense of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 10946, + "la": "Adiungendus est Q Hortensius qui, cum Macedoniam obtineret, adiutorem se Bruto ad comparandum exercitum fidissimum et constantissimum praebuit", + "en": "With him should be associated Quintus Hortensius, who, while governor of Macedonia, proved Brutus most loyal and steadfast helper in raising an army." + }, + { + "id": 10947, + "la": "Nam de M Apuleio separatim censeo referendum, cui testis est per litteras M Brutus, eum principem fuisse ad conatum exercitus comparandi", + "en": "And concerning Marcus Apuleius, I advise that there should be a separate discussion; Marcus Brutus bears witness in his letter that Apuleius took the lead in the endeavor to raise an army." + }, + { + "id": 10948, + "la": "Quae cum ita sint, quod C Pansa consul verba fecit de litteris quae a Q Caepione Bruto pro consule adlatae et in hoc ordine recitatae sunt, de ea re ita censeo:", + "en": "In view of these facts, and given what the consul Gaius25 Pansa has said about the letter that has been brought from the proconsul Quintus Caepio Brutus and read out in this body, concerning that matter I move as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 10949, + "la": "Cum Q Caepionis Bruti pro consule opera, consilio, industria, virtute difficillimo rei publicae tempore provincia Macedonia et Illyricum et cuncta Graecia et legiones, exercitus, equitatus, in consulum, senatus populique Romani potestate sint, id Q Caepionem Brutum pro consule bene et e re publica pro sua maiorumque suorum dignitate consuetudineque rei publicae bene gerendae fecisse;", + "en": "Whereas through the agency, strategy, diligence, and courage of the proconsul Quintus Caepio Brutus at a time of great crisis for the Republic, the province of Macedonia and Illyricum, and all Greece, together with legions, troops, and cavalry, are in the control of the consuls, senate, and people of Rome: that the proconsul Quintus Caepio Brutus has acted well and in the public interest, in accordance with his own and his ancestors dignity and their habit of good service to the Republic;" + }, + { + "id": 10950, + "la": "eam rem senatui populoque Romano gratam esse et fore;", + "en": "and that this action of his is and will be pleasing to the senate and people of Rome;" + }, + { + "id": 10951, + "la": "utique Q Caepio Brutus pro consule provinciam Macedoniam, Illyricum cunctamque Graeciam tueatur, defendat, custodiat incolumemque conservet, eique exercitui quem ipse constituit, comparavit praesit, pecuniamque ad rem militarem, si qua opus sit, quae publica sit et exigi possit, exigat, utatur, pecuniasque a quibus videatur ad rem militarem mutuas sumat, frumentumque imperet, operamque det ut cum suis copiis quam proxime Italiam sit;", + "en": "further26 that the proconsul Quintus Caepio Brutus shall protect, defend, guard, and keep safe the province of Macedonia, Illyricum, and all Greece; that he command the army which he himself has established and raised; that if money be required for military purposes, he levy and use such public money as is available and can be levied, and that he borrow monies for military purposes from whom he may see fit; that he requisition grain; and that he see to it that he, with his forces, be as close to Italy as possible." + }, + { + "id": 10952, + "la": "cumque ex litteris Q Caepionis Bruti pro consule intellectum sit, Q Hortensi pro consule opera et virtute vehementer rem publicam adiutam omniaque eius consilia cum consiliis Q Caepionis Bruti pro consule coniuncta fuisse, eamque rem magno usui rei publicae fuisse, Q Hortensium pro consule recte et ordine exque re publica fecisse, senatuique placere Q Hortensium pro consule cum quaestore prove quaestore et legatis suis provinciam Macedoniam obtinere quoad ei ex senatus consulto successum sit.", + "en": "And whereas it has been perceived from the letter of the proconsul Quintus Caepio Brutus that through the agency and courage of the proconsul Quintus Hortensius the Republic has been powerfully assisted and that all his counsels have been conjoined with the counsels of the proconsul Quintus Caepio Brutus and as a consequence of this the Republic has derived great benefit: that the proconsul Quintus Hortensius has acted rightly and properly and in the public interest; and that it please the senate that Quintus Hortensius, proconsul, with his quaestor or proquaestor and legates, hold the province of Macedonia until a successor is appointed by decree of the senate." + }, + { + "id": 10953, + "la": "[1] Magno in dolore, patres conscripti, vel maerore potius, quem ex crudeli et miserabili morte C Treboni, optimi civis moderatissimique hominis, accepimus, inest tamen aliquid quod rei publicae profuturum putem", + "en": "[1] In our great sorrow, Members of the Senate, our1 lamentation rather, at the cruel and pitiable death of Gaius Trebonius, an excellent citizen and the gentlest of men, there is nonetheless an element which I believe will prove beneficial to the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 10954, + "la": "Perspeximus enim quanta in eis qui contra patriam scelerata arma ceperunt inesset immanitas", + "en": "We have now seen what depths of savagery lie in the hearts of those who have criminally taken up arms against their native land." + }, + { + "id": 10955, + "la": "Nam duo haec capita nata sunt post homines natos taeterrima et spurcissima, Dolabella et Antonius: quorum alter effecit quod optarat; de altero patefactum est quid cogitaret", + "en": "For in Dolabella and Antonius we have the two foulest and filthiest beings ever born since the birth of mankind: the former of these has done what he had longed to do; as to the latter, his intentions have been revealed." + }, + { + "id": 10956, + "la": "L Cinna crudelis, C Marius in iracundia perseverans, L Sulla vehemens; neque ullius horum in ulciscendo acerbitas progressa ultra mortem est; quae tamen poena in civis nimis crudelis putabatur", + "en": "Lucius Cinna was a cruel man, Gaius Marius was stubborn in anger, Lucius Sulla was violent; but in exacting vengeance none of these carried his cruelty further than death; and even that punishment was thought too cruel to be inflicted on fellow countrymen." + }, + { + "id": 10957, + "la": "Ecce tibi geminum in scelere par, invisitatum, inauditum, ferum, barbarum!", + "en": "And now, behold! A pair of twins in crime,2 unprecedented, unheard of, bestial, barbarous!" + }, + { + "id": 10958, + "la": "Itaque quorum summum quondam inter ipsos odium bellumque meministis, eosdem postea singulari inter se consensu et amore devinxit improbissimae naturae et turpissimae vitae similitudo", + "en": "You remember the bitter hatred and the war which once existed between them; later the likeness of their most wicked natures and vile lives knit them together in a remarkable relationship of harmonious affection." + }, + { + "id": 10959, + "la": "Ergo id quod fecit Dolabella in quo potuit multis idem minatur Antonius", + "en": "And so what Dolabella has done to the victim in his power, Antonius threatens to do to many." + }, + { + "id": 10960, + "la": "Sed ille cum procul esset a consulibus exercitibusque nostris neque dum senatum cum populo Romano conspirasse sensisset, fretus Antoni copiis ea scelera suscepit quae Romae iam suscepta arbitrabatur a socio furoris sui", + "en": "Yet the former was far from our consuls and armies, nor had he yet realized that the senate had become one with the Roman people; relying on Antonius forces, he perpetrated those crimes which he supposed had already been committed in Rome by his partner in madness." + }, + { + "id": 10961, + "la": "Quid ergo hunc aliud moliri, quid optare censetis aut quam omnino causam esse belli?", + "en": "What else then do you suppose the latter is working for and3 dreaming of? Or what in fact do you think is the cause of the war?" + }, + { + "id": 10962, + "la": "Omnis, qui libere de re publica sensimus, qui dignas nobis sententias diximus, qui populum Romanum liberum esse voluimus, statuit ille quidem non inimicos, sed hostis;", + "en": "All of us who entertained free thoughts about the Republic, who spoke worthily of ourselves, who wished the Roman people to be free, all these Antonius set down as enemies, not merely private but public;" + }, + { + "id": 10963, + "la": "maiora tamen in nos quam in hostem supplicia meditatur: mortem naturae poenam putat esse, iracundiae tormenta atque cruciatum", + "en": "though he plans worse fates for us than are inflicted upon a public enemy: he considers that death is the penalty ordained by nature, whereas anger demands the pains of torture." + }, + { + "id": 10964, + "la": "Qualis igitur hostis habendus est is a quo victore, si cruciatus absit, mors in benefici parte numeretur?", + "en": "What sort of enemy, then, must we think a man from whom, if he wins, death without torture will be reckoned a favor?" + }, + { + "id": 10965, + "la": "[2] Quam ob rem, patres conscripti, quamquam hortatore non egetis'ipsi enim vestra sponte exarsistis ad libertatis recuperandae cupiditatem'tamen eo maiore animo studioque libertatem defendite quo maiora proposita victis supplicia servitutis videtis", + "en": "[2] Accordingly, Members of the Senate, although you need no one to urge you'for you yourselves have spontaneously felt a burning desire for regaining liberty'still, defend liberty with all the greater spirit and enthusiasm as you see worse penalties of slavery in store for the defeated." + }, + { + "id": 10966, + "la": "In Galliam invasit Antonius, in Asiam Dolabella, in alienam uterque provinciam", + "en": "Antonius broke into Gaul, Dolabella into Asia, each of4 them into a province that did not belong to him." + }, + { + "id": 10967, + "la": "Alteri se Brutus obiecit impetumque furentis atque omnia divexare ac diripere cupientis vitae suae periculo colligavit, progressu arcuit, a reditu refrenavit, obsideri se passus ex utraque parte constrinxit Antonium", + "en": "Brutus blocked the former,2 tying down at the risk of his own life the onslaught of a madman eager for universal plunder and pillage; barring his advance, curbing his retreat, allowing himself to be put under siege, he has bound Antonius fast either way he turns." + }, + { + "id": 10968, + "la": "Alter in Asiam irrupit Cur? Si ut in Syriam, patebat via et certa neque longa: quid opus fuit cum legione?", + "en": "The other broke into Asia. Why? If he was making for Syria, why by land? But if for Smyrna, a safe road of no great length lay open before him: what need to take a legion?" + }, + { + "id": 10969, + "la": "Praemisso Marso nescio quo Octavio, scelerato latrone atque egenti, qui popularetur agros, vexaret urbis, non ad spem constituendae rei familiaris, quam tenere eum posse negant qui norunt'mihi enim hic senator ignotus est'sed ad praesentem pastum mendicitatis suae, consecutus est Dolabella", + "en": "He sent in advance a wicked and needy bandit, a fellow called Octavius Marsus, to ravage the countryside and harass the towns, not in the hope of making his fortune, which those who know him say he would be incapable of keeping anyway'I myself have no acquaintance with this senator', but to feed his beggars appetite for the time being. Dolabella followed." + }, + { + "id": 10970, + "la": "Nulla suspicione belli'quis enim id putaret?'secutae collocutiones familiarissimae cum Trebonio complexusque summae benevolentiae falsi indices exstiterunt in amore simulato;", + "en": "There being5 no suspicion of war'who would have thought of such a thing?'very friendly conversations with Trebonius ensued; and there were embraces in feigned affection, lying evidence of the heartiest goodwill;" + }, + { + "id": 10971, + "la": "dexterae, quae fidei testes esse sole[ba]nt, sunt perfidia et scelere violatae: nocturnus introitus Zmyrnam quasi in hostium urbem, quae est fidissimorum antiquissimorumque sociorum;", + "en": "right hands, the accustomed pledges of good faith, were violated in treachery and crime. There was an entry into Smyrna by night, as though it were a city of enemies, not of very loyal and ancient allies;" + }, + { + "id": 10972, + "la": "oppressus Trebonius, si ut ab eo qui aperte hostis esset, incautus; si ut ab eo qui civis etiam tum speciem haberet, miser", + "en": "Trebonius was overwhelmed: if we think of his assailant as an open enemy, there was a lack of caution on Trebonius part; if we think of him as still bearing the semblance of a fellow countryman, it is pitiable." + }, + { + "id": 10973, + "la": "Ex quo nimirum documentum nos capere Fortuna voluit quid esset victis extimescendum", + "en": "It looks indeed as if Fortune wished us to take Trebonius fate as an example of what the defeated have to fear." + }, + { + "id": 10974, + "la": "Consularem hominem consulari imperio provinciam Asiam obtinentem Samiario exsuli tradidit interficere captum statim noluit, ne nimis, credo, in victoria liberalis videretur", + "en": "Dolabella handed him over, a man of consular rank holding the province of Asia by consular authority, to one Samiarius, an exile. He did not choose to kill his prisoner out of hand; that would have looked too much like generosity in victory." + }, + { + "id": 10975, + "la": "Cum verborum contumeliis optimum virum incesto ore lacerasset, tum verberibus ac tormentis quaestionem habuit pecuniae publicae, idque per biduum", + "en": "First he lacerated this excellent man with verbal insults from his unclean mouth, then he interrogated him concerning public money under lashes and torments, and he did so for two days together." + }, + { + "id": 10976, + "la": "Post cervicibus fractis caput abscidit, idque adfixum gestari iussit in pilo; reliquum corpus tractum atque laniatum abiecit in mare", + "en": "After which he broke his neck, cut off his head, and ordered it to be stuck on a pike and carried about; the rest of the body, dragged and torn, was flung into the sea." + }, + { + "id": 10977, + "la": "Cum hoc hoste bellandum est [a] cuius taeterrima crudelitate omnis barbaria superata est", + "en": "This is the enemy, surpassing all barbarian6 races in abominable cruelty, whom we have to fight." + }, + { + "id": 10978, + "la": "Quid loquar de caede civium Romanorum, de direptione fanorum?", + "en": "What am I to say of the slaughter of Roman citizens, of the plundering of temples?" + }, + { + "id": 10979, + "la": "Quis est qui pro rerum atrocitate deplorare tantas calamitates queat?", + "en": "Who could find words to deplore such calamities as befits their atrocious character?" + }, + { + "id": 10980, + "la": "Et nunc tota Asia vagatur, volitat ut rex", + "en": "And now he is roaming over all of Asia, moving around like a king." + }, + { + "id": 10981, + "la": "Nos alio bello distineri putat: quasi vero non idem unumque bellum sit contra hoc iugum impiorum nefarium", + "en": "He thinks our attention is held by another war, as though it were not one and the same war against this nefarious pair of villains." + }, + { + "id": 10982, + "la": "[3] Imaginem M Antoni crudelitatis in Dolabella cernitis: ex hoc illa efficta est; ab hoc Dolabellae scelerum praecepta sunt tradita", + "en": "[3] In Dolabella you see an image of the cruelty of Marcus Antonius: on him it has been modeled; it is from him that Dolabellas lessons in crimes were received." + }, + { + "id": 10983, + "la": "Num leniorem quam in Asia Dolabella fuit in Italia, si liceat, fore putatis Antonium?", + "en": "Do you suppose that Antonius will be more lenient in Italy, given the chance, than Dolabella was in Asia?" + }, + { + "id": 10984, + "la": "Mihi quidem et ille pervenisse videtur quoad progredi potuerit feri hominis amentia, neque Antonius ullius supplici adhibendi, si potestatem habeat, ullam esse partem relicturus", + "en": "To me even Dolabella seems to have gone as far as the madness of a savage could go, while Antonius, if he should have the power, seems sure to exploit every variety of physical cruelty to the full." + }, + { + "id": 10985, + "la": "Ponite igitur ante oculos, patres conscripti, miseram illam quidem et flebilem speciem, sed ad incitandos nostros animos necessariam:", + "en": "Picture the scene, Members of the Senate,7 grievous and lamentable indeed, but needful to stir our spirits:" + }, + { + "id": 10986, + "la": "nocturnum impetum in urbem Asiae clarissimam, irruptionem armatorum in Treboni domum, cum miser ille prius latronum gladios videret quam quae res esset audisset;", + "en": "the onslaught by night upon a very famous city in Asia; armed men bursting into Trebonius house, while he, poor wretch, saw the swords of the brigands before he had heard what was going on;" + }, + { + "id": 10987, + "la": "furentis introitum Dolabellae, vocem impuram atque os illud infame, vincla, verbera, eculeum, tortorem carnificemque Samiarium: quae tulisse illum fortiter et patienter ferunt", + "en": "the entry of the raging Dolabella, his foul voice and this infamous mouth, the chains, the lashes, the rack, the torturer and executioner Samiarius: they say Trebonius bore it all bravely and patiently." + }, + { + "id": 10988, + "la": "Magna laus meoque iudicio omnium maxima", + "en": "That does him much honor, the highest a man can win in my opinion." + }, + { + "id": 10989, + "la": "Est enim sapientis, quicquid homini accidere possit, id praemeditari ferendum modice esse [si evenerit]", + "en": "For a wise man ought to resolve in advance that all that can happen to a human being must be borne calmly." + }, + { + "id": 10990, + "la": "Maioris omnino est consili providere ne quid tale accidat, animi non minoris fortiter ferre si evenerit", + "en": "To make sure that nothing of this kind happens does indeed indicate a greater measure of counsel, but to bear it with fortitude if it happens is a mark of no less courage." + }, + { + "id": 10991, + "la": "Ac Dolabella quidem tam fuit immemor humanitatis'quamquam eius numquam particeps fu[er]it6'ut suam insatiabilem crudelitatem exercuerit non solum in vivo, sed etiam in mortuo, atque in eius corpore lacerando atque vexando, cum animum satiare non posset, oculos pav it suos", + "en": "So8 completely did Dolabella forget all human feeling'not that he ever had any'that he exercised his insatiable cruelty not only on the living but on the dead, and fed his eyes, since he could not satisfy his soul, by mangling and savaging his victims body." + }, + { + "id": 10992, + "la": "[4] O multo miserior Dolabella quam ille quem tu miserrimum esse voluisti!", + "en": "[4] Ah, Dolabella, how vastly greater is your misery than that of him whom you wished to be most miserable!" + }, + { + "id": 10993, + "la": "Dolores Trebonius pertulit magnos. Multi ex morbi gravitate maiores, quos tamen non miseros, sed laboriosos solemus dicere", + "en": "Trebonius suffered terribly. Many endure worse sufferings from severe illness; and yet we do not customarily call them miserable, but sorely tried." + }, + { + "id": 10994, + "la": "Longus fuit dolor. Bidui, at compluribus annorum saepe multorum", + "en": "His pain was long drawn out. For two days; but for some, such pain often lasts for many years." + }, + { + "id": 10995, + "la": "Nec vero graviora sunt carnificum cruciamenta quam interdum tormenta morborum", + "en": "The tortures inflicted by executioners are no worse than are sometimes the torments of disease." + }, + { + "id": 10996, + "la": "Alia sunt, alia, inquam, o perditissimi homines et amentissimi, multo miseriora", + "en": "There9 are other miseries, others, I repeat, you ruthless criminals, you madmen, far worse than these." + }, + { + "id": 10997, + "la": "Nam quo maior vis est animi quam corporis, hoc sunt graviora ea quae concipiuntur animo quam illa quae corpore", + "en": "In proportion as the minds power is greater than the bodys, so mental pain is worse than physical pain." + }, + { + "id": 10998, + "la": "Miserior igitur qui suscipit in se scelus quam is qui alterius facinus subire cogitur", + "en": "Therefore, he who takes a crime upon his conscience is more miserable than he who is forced to undergo the misdeed of another." + }, + { + "id": 10999, + "la": "Cruciatus est a Dolabella Trebonius; et quidem a Carthaginiensibus Regulus", + "en": "Trebonius was tortured by Dolabella; and so was Regulus by the Carthaginians.3" + }, + { + "id": 11000, + "la": "Qua re cum crudelissimi Poeni iudicati sint in hoste, quid in cive de Dolabella iudicandum est?", + "en": "Therefore, since the Punic men are held to have treated an enemy with great cruelty, what is to be thought of the way Dolabella treated a fellow countryman?" + }, + { + "id": 11001, + "la": "An vero hoc conferendum est aut dubitandum uter miserior sit, isne cuius mortem senatus populusque Romanus ulcisci cupit, an is qui cunctis senatus sententiis hostis est iudicatus?", + "en": "Is there indeed any comparison, or is there any doubt which of the two is the more miserable, the man whose death the senate and people of Rome are eager to avenge, or the man who has been declared a public enemy by a unanimous vote of the senate?" + }, + { + "id": 11002, + "la": "Nam ceteris quidem vitae partibus quis est qui possit sine Treboni maxima contumelia conferre vitam Treboni cum Dolabellae?", + "en": "As for the rest of their lives, who could compare Trebonius life to Dolabellas without grossly insulting Trebonius?" + }, + { + "id": 11003, + "la": "Alterius consilium, ingenium, humanitatem, innocentiam, magnitudinem animi in patria liberanda quis ignorat?", + "en": "Who does not know his wisdom, intellect, humanity, integrity, and the greatness of spirit he showed in liberating his native land?" + }, + { + "id": 11004, + "la": "Alteri a puero pro deliciis crudelitas fuit; deinde ea libidinum turpitudo ut in hoc sit semper ipse laetatus, quod ea faceret quae sibi obici ne ab inimico quidem possent verecundo", + "en": "Dolabella took pleasure in cruelty from boyhood; later he was so depraved in his lusts that he has always found delight in committing acts that even an enemy could not in decency bring up against him." + }, + { + "id": 11005, + "la": "Et hic, di immortales, aliquando fuit meus!", + "en": "And this man, o immortal gods, was once a member of my10 family!5" + }, + { + "id": 11006, + "la": "Occulta enim erant vitia non inquirenti", + "en": "For his vices were concealed, if one did not inquire." + }, + { + "id": 11007, + "la": "Neque nunc fortasse alienus ab eo essem, nisi ille bonis, nisi moenibus patriae, nisi huic urbi, nisi dis penatibus, nisi aris et focis omnium nostrum, nisi denique naturae et humanitati inventus esset inimicus", + "en": "Even now perhaps I would not be estranged from him if he had not been found an enemy to decent men, to the walls of his native land, to this city, to the household gods, to the altars and hearths of us all, in fact to nature and humanity." + }, + { + "id": 11008, + "la": "A quo admoniti diligentius et vigilantius caveamus Antonium", + "en": "Warned by him, let us guard ourselves against Antonius with greater care and vigilance." + }, + { + "id": 11009, + "la": "[5] Etenim Dolabella non ita multos secum habuit notos atque insignis latrones; at videtis quos et quam multos habeat Antonius", + "en": "[5] After all, Dolabella did not have very many notorious and eminent cutthroats with him; but you see whom Antonius has and how many they are." + }, + { + "id": 11010, + "la": "Primum Lucium fratrem: quam facem, di immortales, quod facinus, quod scelus, quem gurgitem, quam voraginem!", + "en": "First, his brother Lucius: what a firebrand, o immortal gods, what an outrage, what villainy, what a cesspool, what a chasm!" + }, + { + "id": 11011, + "la": "Quid eum non sorbere animo, quid non haurire cogitatione, cuius sanguinem non bibere censetis, in cuius possessiones atque fortunas non impudentissimos oculos spe et mente defigere? Quid Censorinum?", + "en": "What, do you suppose, is he not mentally sucking dry, engulfing in imagination, whose blood is he not drinking, on whose property and fortunes is he not fixing his shameless eyes in hopeful fantasy? What of Censorinus,11" + }, + { + "id": 11012, + "la": "Qui se verbo praetorem esse urbanum cupere dicebat, re certe noluit Quid Bestiam?", + "en": "who used to claim in speeches that he wanted to be city praetor but in fact certainly had no such desire.6 What of Bestia," + }, + { + "id": 11013, + "la": "Qui consulatum in Bruti locum se petere profitetur Atque hoc quidem detestabile omen avertat Iuppiter!", + "en": "who announces his candidacy for the consulship in place of Brutus.7 May Jupiter avert so abominable an omen!" + }, + { + "id": 11014, + "la": "Quam absurdum autem, qui praetor fieri non potuerit, petere eum consulatum!", + "en": "And how absurd that a man who failed to become praetor should stand for consul!" + }, + { + "id": 11015, + "la": "Nisi forte damnationem pro praetura putat", + "en": "'or perhaps he counts a conviction as a praetorship." + }, + { + "id": 11016, + "la": "Alter Caesar Vopiscus ille summo ingenio, summa potentia, qui ex aedilitate consulatum petit, solvatur legibus: quamquam leges eum non tenent propter eximiam, credo, dignitatem!", + "en": "Well, let him be granted legal dispensation, this second Caesar Vopiscus, this marvel of intellect and influence, who stands for the consulship on the basis of an aedileship'even though, I believe, the laws do not apply to so extraordinarily eminent a personage!" + }, + { + "id": 11017, + "la": "At hic me defendente quinquiens absolutus est: sexta palma urbana etiam in gladiatore difficilis", + "en": "But I defended him five times and each time he was acquitted: even a gladiator finds it hard to win a sixth palm in the city." + }, + { + "id": 11018, + "la": "Sed haec iudicum culpa, non mea est Ego defendi fide optima; illi debuerunt clarissimum et praestantissimum senatorem in civitate retinere", + "en": "However, this is the jurys fault, not mine. I defended him in all good faith; they ought to have kept so illustrious and outstanding a senator in the community." + }, + { + "id": 11019, + "la": "Qui tamen nunc nihil aliud agere videtur nisi ut intellegamus illos quorum res iudicatas irritas fecimus bene et e re publica iudicavisse", + "en": "However, he now seems to be solely out to prove to us that the jurors whose verdict we have annulled judged properly and to the public benefit.8" + }, + { + "id": 11020, + "la": "Neque hoc in hoc uno est: sunt alii in isdem castris honeste condemnati, turpiter restituti", + "en": "And this is no isolated case:12 there are others in the same camp honorably convicted and disgracefully rehabilitated.9" + }, + { + "id": 11021, + "la": "Quod horum consilium qui omnibus bonis hostes sunt nisi crudelissimum putatis fore?", + "en": "Do you suppose these enemies of all decent men have any but the cruelest intentions?" + }, + { + "id": 11022, + "la": "Accedit Saxa nescio quis, quem nobis Caesar ex ultima Celtiberia tribunum plebis dedit, castrorum antea metator, nunc, ut sperat, urbis: a qua cum sit alienus, suo capiti salvis nobis ominetur", + "en": "To these add one Saxa, whom Caesar brought from the farthest parts of Celtiberia and gave us for a tribune of the plebs, formerly a marker-out of military camps, now, as he hopes, of the city. He is a stranger to Rome, so may the omen be on his own head, and we unharmed.10" + }, + { + "id": 11023, + "la": "Cum hoc veteranus Cafo, quo neminem veterani peius oderunt", + "en": "Associated with him is the veteran Cafo, than whom no man is more cordially hated by the veterans." + }, + { + "id": 11024, + "la": "His quasi praeter dotem quam in civilibus malis acceperant agrum Campanum est largitus Antonius, ut haberent reliquorum nutriculas praediorum", + "en": "On this pair, over and above the dowry, as it were, that they had received in the civil troubles, Antonius bestowed Campanian land,11 so that they might have wet nurses for the rest of their estates.12" + }, + { + "id": 11025, + "la": "Quibus utinam contenti essent! Ferremus, etsi tolerabile non erat, sed quidvis patiendum fuit ut hoc taeterrimum bellum non haberemus", + "en": "If only they had been content with them! We would have put up with that, even though it was intolerable; but anything was worth bearing for the sake of avoiding this most dreadful war." + }, + { + "id": 11026, + "la": "[6] Quid? Illa castrorum M Antoni lumina, nonne ante oculos proponitis?", + "en": "[6] Well then, are you not picturing13 to yourselves the other luminaries of Marcus Antonius camp?" + }, + { + "id": 11027, + "la": "Primum duos collegas Antoniorum et Dolabellae, Nuculam et Lentonem, Italiae divisores lege ea quam senatus per vim latam iudicavit; quorum alter commentatus est mimos, alter egit tragoediam", + "en": "First, those two colleagues of the Antonii and Dolabella, Nucula and Lento, the parcelers-out of Italy under a law which the senate has declared to have been passed by violence.13 One of them has composed mimes, the other acted in a tragedy." + }, + { + "id": 11028, + "la": "Quid dicam de Apulo Domitio? Cuius modo bona proscripta vidi", + "en": "What am I to say of Domitius the Apulian?14 I noticed that his goods were put on the auction block the other day." + }, + { + "id": 11029, + "la": "Tanta procuratorum est neglegentia", + "en": "His business agents must be very careless." + }, + { + "id": 11030, + "la": "At hic nuper sororis filio infudit venenum, non dedit", + "en": "Recently he gave his sisters son poison, or rather poured it down his throat." + }, + { + "id": 11031, + "la": "Sed non possunt non prodige vivere qui nostra bona sperant, cum effundant sua", + "en": "After all, they cannot help living extravagantly, hoping as they do for our property while they squander their own." + }, + { + "id": 11032, + "la": "Vidi etiam P Deci auctionem, clarissimi viri, qui maiorum exempla persequens pro alieno se aere devovit", + "en": "I also saw Publius Decius auction, that illustrious gentleman who, following in the footsteps of his ancestors,15 has offered himself up for debt." + }, + { + "id": 11033, + "la": "Emptor tamen in ea auctione inventus est nemo", + "en": "No buyer, however, was found at that auction." + }, + { + "id": 11034, + "la": "Hominem ridiculum qui se exercere aere alieno putet posse, cum vendat aliena!", + "en": "A ridiculous fellow, who thinks he can get himself out of debt by selling other peoples belongings!" + }, + { + "id": 11035, + "la": "Nam quid ego de Trebellio dicam?", + "en": "What am I to say of14 Trebellius?" + }, + { + "id": 11036, + "la": "Quem ultae videntur Furiae debitorum; vindicis enim novarum tabularum novam tabulam vidimus", + "en": "The Furies of debtors seem to have exacted their vengeance; for we have seen the new tablet listing the property of this defender against new tablets." + }, + { + "id": 11037, + "la": "Quid de T Planco? Quem praestantissimus civis, Aquila, Pollentia expulit et quidem crure fracto: quod utinam illi ante accidisset, ne huc redire potuisset!", + "en": "What of Titus Plancus? Aquila, a distinguished citizen, drove him out of Pollentia, and with a broken leg; if only that had happened to him sooner, to prevent him from coming back here!" + }, + { + "id": 11038, + "la": "Lumen et decus illius exercitus paene praeterii, T Annium Cimbrum, Lysidici filium, Lysidicum ipsum Graeco verbo, quoniam omnia iura dissolvit, nisi forte iure Germanum Cimber occidit", + "en": "I almost left out the pride and glory of that army, Titus Annius Cimber, Lysidicus son, and a Lysidicus himself according to the Greek word,18 since he dissolved all principles of law, unless, perhaps, a Cimbrian lawfully killed a German." + }, + { + "id": 11039, + "la": "Cum hanc et huius generis copiam tantam habeat Antonius, quod scelus omittet, cum Dolabella tantis se obstrinxerit parricidiis nequaquam pari latronum manu et copia?", + "en": "With this crew and so many more of the same breed, what crime will Antonius not commit, when Dolabella with so much inferior and smaller a band of ruffians to call upon has made himself guilty of such heinous murders?" + }, + { + "id": 11040, + "la": "Quapropter, ut invitus saepe dissensi a Q Fufio, ita sum eius sententiae libenter adsensus: ex quo iudicare debetis me non cum homine solere, sed cum causa dissidere", + "en": "Therefore, having often reluctantly disagreed with15 Quintus Fufius,20 I gladly assented to his proposal, from which you are to conclude that the differences I am apt to have with him are not related to personality but to substance." + }, + { + "id": 11041, + "la": "Itaque non adsentior solum sed etiam gratias ago Fufio; dixit enim severam, gravem, re publica dignam sententiam: iudicavit hostem Dolabellam; bona censuit publice possidenda", + "en": "So I not only assent to Fufius but thank him; for he put forward a stern, impressive proposal, worthy of the Republic: he has declared Dolabella a public enemy and proposed the confiscation of his property by the authorities." + }, + { + "id": 11042, + "la": "Quo cum addi nihil potuisset'quid enim atrocius potuit, quid severius decernere?'dixit tamen, si quis eorum qui post se rogati essent graviorem sententiam dixisset, in eam se iturum", + "en": "And though this motion admitted of nothing further'what harsher, sterner proposal could he have made?'he added that if any of those who were to be called upon after him made a sterner proposal he would support it." + }, + { + "id": 11043, + "la": "Quam severitatem quis potest non laudare?", + "en": "Who is able not to applaud such severity?" + }, + { + "id": 11044, + "la": "[7] Nunc, quoniam hostis est iudicatus Dolabella, bello est persequendus", + "en": "[7] Now, since Dolabella has been declared a public enemy,16 he must be pursued with war." + }, + { + "id": 11045, + "la": "Neque enim quiescit: habet legionem, habet fugitivos, habet sceleratam impiorum manum", + "en": "He is not lying low: he has a legion, he has runaways, he has a criminal band of traitors." + }, + { + "id": 11046, + "la": "Est ipse confidens, impotens, gladiatorio generi mortis addictus", + "en": "He himself is confident, unbridled, marked out for a gladiators death." + }, + { + "id": 11047, + "la": "Quam ob rem, quoniam Dolabella hesterno die hoste decreto bellum gerendum est, imperator est deligendus", + "en": "Accordingly, since after yesterdays declaration of Dolabella as a public enemy war must be waged, we have to choose a commander." + }, + { + "id": 11048, + "la": "Duae dictae sunt sententiae, quarum neutram probo: alteram, quia semper, nisi cum est necesse, periculosam arbitror; alteram, quia alienam his temporibus existimo", + "en": "Two proposals have been brought forward, neither of which has my approval: I disapprove of one because I think it is always dangerous except when it is necessary; of the other because I consider it inappropriate to the present situation." + }, + { + "id": 11049, + "la": "Nam extraordinarium imperium populare atque ventosum est, minime nostrae gravitatis, minime huius ordinis", + "en": "An extraordinary command smacks of popular politics17 and inconsistency; it does not at all suit our gravity, not at all suit this body." + }, + { + "id": 11050, + "la": "Bello Antiochino magno et gravi, cum L Scipioni provincia Asia obvenisset, parumque in eo putaretur esse animi, parum roboris, senatusque ad collegam eius, C Laelium, illius Sapientis patrem, negotium deferret, surrexit P Africanus, frater maior L Scipionis, et illam ignominiam a familia deprecatus est, dixitque et in fratre suo summam virtutem esse summumque consilium neque se ei legatum, id aetatis eisque rebus gestis, defuturum", + "en": "In the war against Antiochus, a serious war on a large scale, when the province of Asia had fallen to Lucius Scipio, who was considered to lack spirit and strength for the job, and the senate therefore was about to transfer the task to his colleague, Gaius Laelius, the father of the famous Laelius the Wise, Lucius Scipios elder brother, Publius Africanus, rose and asked for such a slight not to be put upon the family; and he said that his brother was a man of first-rate courage and judgment and that he himself, for all his seniority and past record, would not refuse to accompany him as a legate." + }, + { + "id": 11051, + "la": "Quod cum ab eo esset dictum, nihil est de Scipionis provincia commutatum", + "en": "After he had made this speech, Scipios province was left unchanged." + }, + { + "id": 11052, + "la": "Nec plus extraordinarium imperium ad id bellum quaesitum quam duobus antea maximis Punicis bellis quae a consulibus aut a dictatoribus gesta et confecta sunt, quam Pyrrhi, quam Philippi, quam post Achaico bello, quam Punico tertio; ad quod populus Romanus ita sibi ipse delegit idoneum ducem, P Scipionem, ut eum tamen bellum gerere consulem vellet", + "en": "No extraordinary command was required for that war any more than in the two great Punic Wars earlier on, which were waged and brought to their conclusions by consuls or dictators, or in the war against Pyrrhus, in the war against Philip, and later in the Achaian War, or in the Third Punic War.22 As to the last, the Roman people chose the appropriate general for itself, Publius Scipio, in such a way that it had him nevertheless conduct the war as consul." + }, + { + "id": 11053, + "la": "[8] Cum Aristonico bellum gerendum fuit P Licinio L Valerio consulibus", + "en": "[8] In18 the consulship of Publius Licinius and Lucius Valerius there was a war to wage with Aristonicus.24" + }, + { + "id": 11054, + "la": "Rogatus est populus quem id bellum gerere placeret", + "en": "The people were asked whom they wished to conduct it." + }, + { + "id": 11055, + "la": "Crassus consul, pontifex maximus, Flacco collegae, flamini Martiali, multam dixit, si a sacris discessisset: quam multam populus remisit; pontifici tamen flaminem parere iussit", + "en": "The consul Crassus, who was pontifex maximus, threatened a fine against his colleague Flaccus, who was the priest of Mars, if he should abandon his religious duties: the people remitted the fine, but ordered the priest to obey the pontifex." + }, + { + "id": 11056, + "la": "Sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum, quamquam erat Africanus qui anno ante de Numantinis triumpharat;", + "en": "But not even on that occasion did the Roman people entrust the war to a private individual, though Africanus was available, who had celebrated his triumph over Numantia the previous year." + }, + { + "id": 11057, + "la": "qui, cum longe omnis belli gloria et virtute superaret, duas tamen tribus solas tulit", + "en": "Despite standing far above everybody in military renown and ability, he carried only two tribes." + }, + { + "id": 11058, + "la": "Ita populus Romanus consuli potius Crasso quam privato Africano bellum gerendum dedit", + "en": "So the Roman people gave the conduct of the war to the consul Crassus in preference to the private citizen Africanus." + }, + { + "id": 11059, + "la": "De Cn Pompei imperiis, summi viri atque omnium principis, tribuni plebis turbulenti tulerunt", + "en": "As for the commands of Gnaeus Pompeius, a great man, indeed the first of men, the legislation was put through by troublemaking tribunes of the plebs,25" + }, + { + "id": 11060, + "la": "Nam Sertorianum bellum a senatu privato datum est quia consules recusabant, cum L Philippus pro consulibus eum se mittere dixit, non pro consule", + "en": "except that the war against Sertorius was assigned to him as a private citizen by the senate because the consuls declined,26 whereupon Lucius Philippus said he was sending him, not as proconsul, but in place of the consuls." + }, + { + "id": 11061, + "la": "Quae igitur haec comitia, aut quam ambitionem constantissimus et gravissimus civis, L Caesar, in senatum introduxit?", + "en": "And now what electioneering, what competition for19 office has a citizen of unimpeachable consistency and responsibility, Lucius Caesar, brought into the senate?" + }, + { + "id": 11062, + "la": "Clarissimo viro atque innocentissimo decrevit imperium, privato tamen: in quo maximum nobis onus imposuit", + "en": "He has proposed to give the command to a person of the highest distinction and integrity, who is, however, a private citizen, thereby putting us in a very awkward position." + }, + { + "id": 11063, + "la": "Adsensus ero, ambitionem induxero in curiam; negaro, videbor suffragio meo, tamquam comitiis, honorem homini amicissimo denegavisse", + "en": "Suppose I support the motion: I shall be bringing electioneering into the senate-house; suppose I say no: it will look as though I have refused an honor to a close friend by my vote, as in an election." + }, + { + "id": 11064, + "la": "Quod si comitia placet in senatu haberi, petamus, ambiamus, tabella modo detur nobis, sicut populo data est", + "en": "Well, if elections are to be held in the senate, let us present ourselves as candidates, let us canvass, but let us be given a ballot as are the people." + }, + { + "id": 11065, + "la": "Cur committis, Caesar, ut aut praestantissimus vir, si tibi non sit adsensum, repulsam tulisse videatur aut unus quisque nostrum praeteritus, si, cum pari dignitate simus, eodem honore digni non putemur?", + "en": "Why put us in such a dilemma, Caesar, that it will appear that a most eminent personage has been rejected if your motion fails, or each one of us will seem to have been passed over if we are not deemed worthy of the same honor though equals in rank?" + }, + { + "id": 11066, + "la": "At enim'nam id exaudio'C Caesari adulescentulo imperium extraordinarium mea sententia dedi", + "en": "But I think I hear a murmur that I proposed20 a motion giving an extraordinary command to young Gaius Caesar.28" + }, + { + "id": 11067, + "la": "Ille enim mihi praesidium extraordinarium dederat: cum dico mihi, senatui dico populoque Romano", + "en": "Well, he had given me extraordinary protection'when I say me, I mean the senate and people of Rome." + }, + { + "id": 11068, + "la": "A quo praesidium res publica, ne cogitatum quidem, tantum haberet ut sine eo salva esse non posset, huic extraordinarium imperium non darem?", + "en": "Was I not to give an extraordinary command to one from whom the Republic had received extraordinary, undreamed-of protection, failing which it could not have survived?" + }, + { + "id": 11069, + "la": "Aut exercitus adimendus aut imperium dandum fuit", + "en": "The choice lay between taking his army away or granting him military authority." + }, + { + "id": 11070, + "la": "Quae est enim ratio aut qui potest fieri ut sine imperio teneatur exercitus?", + "en": "For by what rationale or how can an army be held without such authority?" + }, + { + "id": 11071, + "la": "Non igitur, quod ereptum non est, id existimandum est datum", + "en": "So we must not regard as granted that which was not snatched away." + }, + { + "id": 11072, + "la": "Eripuissetis C Caesari, patres conscripti, imperium nisi dedissetis", + "en": "Members of the Senate, you would have snatched military authority away from Gaius Caesar if you had not granted it." + }, + { + "id": 11073, + "la": "Milites veterani qui illius auctoritatem, imperium, nomen secuti pro re publica arma ceperant volebant sibi ab illo imperari;", + "en": "The veteran soldiers who, following his authority, command, and name, had taken up arms on behalf of the Republic wished to be commanded by him;" + }, + { + "id": 11074, + "la": "legio Martia et legio quarta ita se contulerant ad auctoritatem senatus et rei publicae dignitatem ut deposcerent imperatorem et ducem C Caesarem", + "en": "the Martian Legion and the Fourth Legion had given their support to the authority of the senate and the dignity of the Republic, but at the same time they demanded Gaius Caesar as their general and leader." + }, + { + "id": 11075, + "la": "Imperium C Caesari belli necessitas, fascis senatus dedit", + "en": "The necessity of war gave Gaius Caesar the command, the senate only gave him the fasces." + }, + { + "id": 11076, + "la": "Otioso vero et nihil agenti privato, obsecro te, L Caesar'cum peritissimo homine mihi res est'quando imperium senatus dedit?", + "en": "But when, I beg you, Lucius Caesar'I am dealing with a man very well versed in these matters'did the senate give a command to a private individual living at his ease and leisure?" + }, + { + "id": 11077, + "la": "[9] Sed de hoc quidem hactenus, ne refragari homini amicissimo ac de me optime merito videar", + "en": "[9] But enough on this subject. I would not wish to seem to be opposing the appointment of a close friend to whom I owe a great deal." + }, + { + "id": 11078, + "la": "Etsi quis potest refragari non modo non petenti verum etiam recusanti?", + "en": "Yet, who can oppose a man who is not seeking the assignment, indeed is actually refusing it?" + }, + { + "id": 11079, + "la": "Illa vero, patres conscripti, aliena consulum dignitate, aliena temporum gravitate sententia est, ut consules Dolabellae persequendi causa Asiam et Syriam sortiantur", + "en": "That other proposal, Members of the Senate, ill accords21 with the dignity of the consuls or the gravity of the situation, namely that the consuls draw lots for Asia and Syria with a view to pursuing Dolabella." + }, + { + "id": 11080, + "la": "Dicam cur inutile rei publicae, sed prius quam turpe consulibus sit videte", + "en": "I shall explain why this is disadvantageous to the Republic, but first just see how discreditable it would be to the consuls." + }, + { + "id": 11081, + "la": "Cum consul designatus obsideatur, cum in eo liberando salus sit posita rei publicae, cum a populo Romano pestiferi cives parricidaeque desciverint, cumque id bellum geramus quo bello de dignitate, de libertate, de vita decernamus, si in potestatem quis Antoni venerit, proposita sint tormenta atque cruciatus, cumque harum rerum omnium decertatio consulibus optimis et fortissimis commissa et commendata sit, Asiae et Syriae mentio fiet, ut aut suspicioni crimen aut invidiae materiam dedisse videamur?", + "en": "When a consul-elect is under siege,29 when the survival of the Republic depends on his release, when pernicious citizens and traitors have defected from the Roman people, when we are fighting a war for dignity, liberty, and life, and whoever falls into Antonius power faces the agonies of torture, when the conflict to determine all these matters has been committed and commended to our excellent and very brave consuls, will there be talk of Asia and Syria, letting us seem to have given a reason for suspicion or a cause for jealousy?" + }, + { + "id": 11082, + "la": "At vero ita decernunt ut liberato Bruto: id enim restabat ut relicto, deserto, prodito.", + "en": "But the motion includes the condition when22 Brutus has been relieved; it just falls short of saying abandoned, forsaken, betrayed." + }, + { + "id": 11083, + "la": "Ego vero mentionem omnino provinciarum factam dico alienissimo tempore", + "en": "But I maintain that the very mention of provinces comes at a most inappropriate moment." + }, + { + "id": 11084, + "la": "Quamvis enim intentus animus tuus sit, C Pansa, sicut est, ad virum fortissimum et omnium clarissimum liberandum, tamen rerum natura coget te necessario referre animum aliquando ad Dolabellam persequendum et partem aliquam in Asiam et Syriam derivare curae et cogitationis tuae", + "en": "Although your mind, Gaius Pansa, may be intent, as indeed it is, on relieving that most courageous and illustrious gentleman of all, yet in the nature of things you would necessarily be forced at times to put your thoughts on pursuing Dolabella and divert some part of your attention and consideration to Asia and Syria." + }, + { + "id": 11085, + "la": "Si autem fieri posset, vel pluris te animos habere vellem quos omnis ad Mutinam intenderes", + "en": "But if it were possible, I should wish you had more than one mind so that you could fix them all on Mutina." + }, + { + "id": 11086, + "la": "Quod quoniam fieri non potest, isto t animo quem habes praestantissimum atque optimum nihil volumus nisi de Bruto cogitare", + "en": "Since that is not possible, we want you to use that excellent and outstanding mind you have for thinking of nothing except Brutus." + }, + { + "id": 11087, + "la": "Facis tu id quidem et eo maxime incumbis, intellego; duas tamen res, magnas praesertim, non modo agere uno tempore sed ne cogitando quidem explicare quisquam potest", + "en": "That is23 what you are doing, that is the object of your strenuous effort, I realize. All the same, no one can do two things, especially two important things, at once or even work them out in his mind." + }, + { + "id": 11088, + "la": "Incitare et inflammare tuum istuc praestantissimum studium, non ad aliam ulla ex parte curam transferre debemus", + "en": "We should be spurring and firing your admirable zeal to that purpose, not transferring any part of it to another preoccupation." + }, + { + "id": 11089, + "la": "[10] Adde istuc sermones hominum, adde suspiciones, adde invidiam", + "en": "[10] And besides, consider the talk of the people, the suspicions, the jealousy." + }, + { + "id": 11090, + "la": "Imitare me, quem tu semper laudasti: qui instructam ornatamque a senatu provinciam deposui ut incendium patriae omissa omni cogitatione restinguerem", + "en": "Follow my example; you have always commended me: I resigned a province already furnished and equipped by the senate in order to put aside every concern but that of extinguishing our native lands conflagration.30" + }, + { + "id": 11091, + "la": "Nemo erit praeter unum me, quicum profecto, si quid interesse tua putasses, pro summa familiaritate nostra communicasses, qui credat te invito provinciam tibi esse decretam", + "en": "Except for me alone, with whom you would surely have communicated in keeping with our very close friendship if you had thought your interests were in any way involved, nobody will believe that you have been assigned a province against your wish." + }, + { + "id": 11092, + "la": "Hanc, quaeso, pro tua singulari sapientia reprime famam atque effice ne id quod non curas cupere videare", + "en": "Like the wise man you are, check such talk, I beg you, and do not let yourself appear to be coveting an appointment for which you care nothing." + }, + { + "id": 11093, + "la": "Quod quidem eo vehementius tibi laborandum est quia in eandem cadere suspicionem collega, vir clarissimus, non potest", + "en": "You should be the more anxious not to let that24 happen because your colleague, an illustrious gentleman, cannot fall under the same suspicion.31" + }, + { + "id": 11094, + "la": "Nihil horum scit, nihil suspicatur; bellum gerit, in acie stat, de sanguine et de spiritu decertat; ante provinciam sibi decretam audiet quam potuerit tempus ei rei datum suspicari", + "en": "He knows nothing; he suspects nothing of all this. He is fighting a war, standing in the battle line, risking his blood and breath. He will hear that a province has been assigned to him before he could suspect that any time has been given to this issue." + }, + { + "id": 11095, + "la": "Vereor ne exercitus quoque nostri, qui non dilectus necessitate, sed voluntariis studiis se ad rem publicam contulerunt, tardentur animis, si quicquam aliud a nobis nisi de instanti bello cogitatum putabunt", + "en": "I fear that our armies too, who have come to the aid of the Republic in voluntary enthusiasm, not under the compulsion of a levy, may lose something of their ardor if they think we have anything under consideration except the present war." + }, + { + "id": 11096, + "la": "Quod si provinciae consulibus expetendae videntur, sicut saepe multis clarissimis viris expetitae sunt, reddite prius nobis Brutum, lumen et decus civitatis; qui ita conservandus est ut id signum quod de caelo delapsum Vestae custodiis continetur; quo salvo salvi sumus futuri", + "en": "But if you consuls think it right to seek provinces, as they have often been sought by many illustrious men, first give us back Brutus, the pride and glory of the community, who must be treasured like the image that fell from the sky and is kept by the guardians of Vesta; if this is safe, we will be safe.32" + }, + { + "id": 11097, + "la": "Tunc vel in caelum vos, si fieri potuerit, umeris nostris tollemus; provincias certe dignissimas vobis deligemus", + "en": "Then we shall even carry you to heaven on our shoulders if we can; at least, we shall choose for you provinces entirely worthy of yourselves." + }, + { + "id": 11098, + "la": "Nunc quod agitur agamus; agitur autem liberine vivamus an mortem obeamus, quae certe servituti anteponenda est", + "en": "But now, let us attend to the business in hand; and that business is whether we are to live free or die, which latter is certainly preferable to slavery." + }, + { + "id": 11099, + "la": "Quid si etiam tarditatem adfert ista sententia ad Dolabellam persequendum?", + "en": "Moreover, does not this proposal actually hold up the25 pursuit of Dolabella?" + }, + { + "id": 11100, + "la": "Quando enim veniet consul?", + "en": "When will the consul arrive?" + }, + { + "id": 11101, + "la": "An id exspectamus quoad ne vestigium quidem Asiae civitatum atque urbium relinquatur?", + "en": "Are we waiting until the communities and cities of Asia are wiped out completely?" + }, + { + "id": 11102, + "la": "At mittent aliquem de suo numero", + "en": "But perhaps the consuls will send one of their staff.33" + }, + { + "id": 11103, + "la": "Valde mihi probari potest, qui paulo ante clarissimo viro privato imperium extra ordinem non dedi!", + "en": "Am I expected to approve of that, when just now I opposed an extraordinary command for a most illustrious person who is a private citizen!" + }, + { + "id": 11104, + "la": "At hominem dignum mittent", + "en": "But they will send a worthy man." + }, + { + "id": 11105, + "la": "Num P Servilio digniorem? At eum quidem civitas non habet", + "en": "Worthier than Publius Servilius? But our community contains nobody of that description." + }, + { + "id": 11106, + "la": "Quod ergo ipse nemini putavi dandum, ne a senatu quidem, id ego unius iudicio delatum comprobem?", + "en": "I was against the command being given to anybody even by the senate: am I to approve of an appointment made by a single individual?" + }, + { + "id": 11107, + "la": "Expedito nobis homine et parato, patres conscripti, opus est et eo qui imperium legitimum habeat, qui praeterea auctoritatem, nomen, exercitum, perspectum animum in re publica liberanda", + "en": "What we need, Members of the Senate, is a man who is26 unoccupied and at the ready, who possesses lawful military power, and besides that, authority, a name, an army, and a spirit proved in the liberation of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11108, + "la": "[11] Quis igitur is est?", + "en": "[11] Who is that man?" + }, + { + "id": 11109, + "la": "Aut M Brutus aut C Cassius aut uterque", + "en": "Either Marcus Brutus or Gaius Cassius or both." + }, + { + "id": 11110, + "la": "Decernerem plane, sicut multa, consules, alter ambove, ni Brutum colligassemus in Graecia et eius auxilium ad Italiam vergere quam ad Asiam maluissemus; non ut ex [ea]13acie respectum haberemus, sed ut ipsa acies subsidium haberet etiam transmarinum", + "en": "In fact I should propose, as in many things, the consuls, one or both, if we had not tied Brutus down in Greece and preferred that the aid he offers be turned towards Italy rather than Asia, not for us to have a place of refuge from the battle line but so that the battle line itself should have some support from overseas." + }, + { + "id": 11111, + "la": "Praeterea, patres conscripti, M Brutum retinet etiam nunc C Antonius, qui tenet Apolloniam, magnam urbem et gravem; tenet, opinor, Byllidem, tenet Amantiam, instat Epiro, urget Oricum, habet aliquot cohortis, habet equitatum", + "en": "Furthermore, Members of the Senate, Marcus Brutus is still detained by Gaius Antonius, who holds the large and important city of Apollonia; he holds as well, I imagine, Byllis, holds Amantia, threatens Epirus, presses upon Oricum,34 has some cohorts and has cavalry." + }, + { + "id": 11112, + "la": "Hinc si Brutus erit traductus ad aliud bellum, Graeciam certe amiserimus", + "en": "If Brutus is drawn away from this theater of action to another war, we shall certainly have lost Greece." + }, + { + "id": 11113, + "la": "Est autem etiam de Brundisio atque illa ora Italiae providendum", + "en": "We also have to look after Brundisium and the adjacent coast of Italy." + }, + { + "id": 11114, + "la": "Quamquam miror tam diu morari Antonium; solet enim ipse accipere manicas nec diutius obsidionis metum sustinere", + "en": "Yet I am surprised that Antonius is hanging about for so long: he usually puts on long gloves himself and does not endure the fear of siege for very long.35" + }, + { + "id": 11115, + "la": "Quod si confecerit Brutus et intellexerit plus se rei publicae profuturum si Dolabellam persequatur quam si in Graecia maneat, aget ipse per sese, ut adhuc quoque fecit, neque in tot incendiis quibus confestim succurrendum est exspectabit senatum", + "en": "However, if Brutus finishes his business and reaches the conclusion that he will better serve the Republic if he pursues Dolabella instead of remaining in Greece, he will act on his own initiative, as he has done hitherto, and not wait for the senate when there are so many trouble spots calling for immediate attention." + }, + { + "id": 11116, + "la": "Nam et Brutus et Cassius multis iam in rebus ipse sibi senatus fuit", + "en": "For27 both Brutus and Cassius have already been their own senate on a number of occasions." + }, + { + "id": 11117, + "la": "Necesse est enim in tanta conversione perturbation>e omni>um rerum temporibus potius parere quam moribus", + "en": "In such great and complete upheaval and confusion one must be guided by the circumstances, not by standard procedures." + }, + { + "id": 11118, + "la": "Nec enim nunc primum aut Brutus aut Cassius salutem libertatemque patriae legem sanctissimam et morem optimum iudicabit", + "en": "This will not be the first time for either Brutus or Cassius to regard the safety and freedom of their native land as the most sacred law and the best possible procedure.36" + }, + { + "id": 11119, + "la": "Itaque si ad nos nihil referretur de Dolabella persequendo, tamen ego pro decreto putarem cum essent tali virtute, auctoritate, nobilitate summi viri, quorum alterius iam nobis notus esset exercitus, alterius auditus", + "en": "So if nothing were referred to us concerning the pursuit of Dolabella, I should still take it as the equivalent of a decree since there are eminent men, men of such valor, high standing, and nobility, whose armies in the one case are already known to us and in the other heard tell of." + }, + { + "id": 11120, + "la": "[12] Num igitur Brutus exspectavit decreta nostra, cum studia nosset?", + "en": "[12] So did Brutus wait for our decrees when he knew our aims?" + }, + { + "id": 11121, + "la": "Neque enim est in provinciam suam Cretam profectus: in Macedoniam alienam advolavit; omnia sua putavit quae vos vestra esse velitis; legiones conscripsit novas, excepit veteres; equitatum ad se abduxit Dolabellae atque eum nondum tanto parricidio oblitum hostem sua sententia iudicavit", + "en": "For instead of going to Crete, his own province, he hastened to somebody elses, Macedonia.37 He considered as his everything which you would like to be yours. He raised new legions, took over old ones. He drew away Dolabellas cavalry to himself and by his personal decision judged him a public enemy, though not yet stained with so foul a murder." + }, + { + "id": 11122, + "la": "Nam ni ita esset, quo iure equitatum a consule abduceret?", + "en": "For were it otherwise, what right had he to draw cavalry away from a consul?" + }, + { + "id": 11123, + "la": "Quid? C Cassius, pari magnitudine animi et consili praeditus, nonne eo ex Italia consilio profectus est ut prohiberet Syria Dolabellam?", + "en": "And did not Gaius Cassius, his equal in28 greatness of spirit and judgment, set out from Italy with the design of keeping Dolabella out of Syria?" + }, + { + "id": 11124, + "la": "Qua lege, quo iure? Eo quod Iuppiter ipse sanxit, ut omnia quae rei publicae salutaria essent legitima et iusta haberentur", + "en": "Under what law, by what right? By the right which Jupiter himself established, that all things beneficial to the Republic be held lawful and proper." + }, + { + "id": 11125, + "la": "Est enim lex nihil aliud nisi recta et[iam] a numine deorum tracta ratio, imperans honesta, prohibens contraria", + "en": "Law is nothing but a code of right conduct derived from the will of the gods, ordaining what is good and forbidding its opposite." + }, + { + "id": 11126, + "la": "Huic igitur legi paruit Cassius, cum est in Syriam profectus, alienam provinciam, si homines legibus scriptis uterentur, eis vero oppressis suam lege naturae", + "en": "This law, then, Cassius obeyed when he went to Syria; another mans province, if people were following written laws, but such laws having been overthrown, his by the law of nature." + }, + { + "id": 11127, + "la": "Sed ut ea vestra quoque auctoritate firmetur, censeo:", + "en": "But in order that this may be strengthened by your authority,29 I move as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 11128, + "la": "Cum P Dolabella quique eius crudelissimi et taeterrimi facinoris ministri, socii, adiutores fuerunt hostes populi Romani a senatu iudicati sint, cumque senatus P Dolabellam bello persequendum censuerit, ut is qui omnia deorum hominumque iura novo, inaudito, inexpiabili scelere polluerit nefarioque se patriae parricidio obstrinxerit poenas dis hominibusque meritas debitasque persolvat,", + "en": "Whereas Publius Dolabella and those who were the instruments, partners, and aides of his most cruel and abominable act have been declared enemies of the Roman people by the senate, and whereas the senate has determined that Publius Dolabella shall be pursued with war, to the end that he who has defiled all the laws of gods and men by a novel, unheard-of, inexpiable crime and made himself guilty of a criminal assault upon his native land may pay a due and proper penalty to gods and men:" + }, + { + "id": 11129, + "la": "senatui placere C Cassium pro consule provinciam Syriam obtinere, ut qui optimo iure eam provinciam obtinuerit, eum a Q Marcio Crispo pro consule, L Staio Murco pro consule, A Alieno legato exercitus accipere, eosque ei tradere, cumque eis copiis et si quas praeterea paraverit bello P Dolabellam terra marique persequi", + "en": "that it please the senate that Gaius Cassius, proconsul,30 shall hold the province of Syria as governor in full status; and that he take over from Quintus Marcius Crispus, proconsul, Lucius Staius Murcus, proconsul, and Aulus Allienus, legate, their armies and that they hand the said armies over to him, and that with these forces, and any which he may raise in addition, he pursue Publius Dolabella with war by land and sea;" + }, + { + "id": 11130, + "la": "Eius belli gerendi causa quibus ei videatur navis, nautas, pecuniam ceteraque quae ad id bellum gerendum pertineant, ut imperandi in Syria, Asia, Bithynia, Ponto ius potestatemque habeat, utique, quamcumque in provinciam eius belli gerendi causa advenerit, ibi maius imperium C Cassi pro consule sit quam eius erit qui eam provinciam tum obtinebit cum C Cassius pro consule in eam provinciam venerit;", + "en": "that for the purpose of waging this war he have the right and power in Syria, Asia, Bithynia, and Pontus to requisition ships, crews, money, and all else pertaining to the prosecution of this war from whomsoever he may see fit; and that whatever province he enter in order to prosecute this war, the authority of Gaius Cassius, proconsul, shall supersede that of the governor of that province at the time when Gaius Cassius, proconsul, shall enter that province;" + }, + { + "id": 11131, + "la": "regem Deiotarum patrem et regem Deiotarum filium, si, ut multis bellis saepe numero imperium populi Romani iuverint, item C Cassium pro consule copiis suis opibusque iuvissent, senatui populoque Romano gratum esse facturos", + "en": "that if king Deiotarus the father31 and king Deiotarus the son, as in many wars they have often aided the empire of the Roman people, shall likewise aid Gaius Cassius, proconsul, with their forces and resources, their action shall be pleasing to the senate and people of Rome;" + }, + { + "id": 11132, + "la": "Itemque si ceteri reges, tetrarchae dynastaeque fecissent, senatum populumque Romanum eorum offici non immemorem futurum", + "en": "and that if other kings, tetrarchs, and dynasts do likewise, the senate and people of Rome will not be unmindful of their service;" + }, + { + "id": 11133, + "la": "Utique C Pansa A Hirtius consules, alter ambove, si eis videretur, re publica recuperata de provinciis consularibus, praetoriis, ad hunc ordinem primo quoque tempore ferant", + "en": "and that Gaius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius, consuls, one or both, if they see fit, shall open a discussion in this body concerning the consular and praetorian provinces as soon as possible after the Republic has been recovered;" + }, + { + "id": 11134, + "la": "Interea provinciae ab eis a quibus obtinentur obtineantur quoad cuique ex senatus consulto successum sit.", + "en": "and that in the meantime the provinces shall remain under their present governors until such time as a successor to each be appointed by decree of the senate." + }, + { + "id": 11135, + "la": "[13] Hoc senatus consulto ardentem inflammabitis et armatum armabitis Cassium; nec enim animum eius potestis ignorare nec copias", + "en": "[13] By this decree you will put fire into Cassius heart,32 which is already aflame, and arms into his hands, which already grasp them; for neither his spirit nor his forces can be unknown to you." + }, + { + "id": 11136, + "la": "Animus is est quem videtis; copiae quas audistis: , fortes et constantes viri, qui ne vivo quidem Trebonio Dolabellae latrocinium in Syriam penetrare sivissent", + "en": "His spirit is as you see, his forces as you have heard: first, the legions commanded by Quintus Marcius and Lucius Staius, men of courage and resolution, who would not have allowed Dolabellas bandits to gain entrance into Syria even while Trebonius was alive." + }, + { + "id": 11137, + "la": "Alienus, familiaris et necessarius meus, post interitum Treboni profecto ne dici quidem se legatum Dolabellae volet", + "en": "Allienus, my good friend and connection, will surely not wish even to be called Dolabellas legate after Trebonius death." + }, + { + "id": 11138, + "la": "Est Q Caecili Bassi, privati illius quidem, sed fortis et praeclari viri, robustus et victor exercitus, Deiotari regis et patris et fili et magnus et nostro more institutus exercitus", + "en": "There is the stout and victorious army of Quintus Caecilius Bassus; he holds no office, but he is a fine, gallant man. There is the army of the two kings, Deiotarus father33 and son, large and trained in our fashion." + }, + { + "id": 11139, + "la": "Summa in filio spes, summa ingeni indoles, summa virtus", + "en": "The son is a man of the highest promise, highest mental capacity, and highest courage." + }, + { + "id": 11140, + "la": "Quid de patre dicam? cuius benevolentia in populum Romanum est ipsius aequalis aetati; qui non solum socius imperatorum nostrorum fuit in bellis verum etiam dux copiarum suarum", + "en": "What shall I say of his father? His goodwill to the Roman people is as long as his life; he was not only the ally of our generals in their wars but led his troops in person." + }, + { + "id": 11141, + "la": "Quae de illo viro Sulla, quae Murena, quae Servilius, quae Lucullus, quam ornate, quam honorifice, quam graviter saepe in senatu praedicaverunt!", + "en": "Think of all the eloquent, flattering, impressive tributes often paid to that monarch in the senate by Sulla, Murena, Servilius, Lucullus." + }, + { + "id": 11142, + "la": "Quid de Cn Pompeio loquar?", + "en": "What am I to say of Gnaeus34 Pompeius?" + }, + { + "id": 11143, + "la": "Qui unum Deiotarum in toto orbe terrarum ex animo amicum vereque benevolum, unum fidelem populo Romano iudicavit", + "en": "He declared that the Roman people had one sincere friend, one true and faithful well-wisher in the whole world: Deiotarus.39" + }, + { + "id": 11144, + "la": "Fuimus imperatores ego et M Bibulus in propinquis finitimisque provinciis: ab eodem rege adiuti sumus et equitatu et pedestribus copiis", + "en": "Marcus Bibulus and I commanded armies in provinces near to, in fact adjoining one another: we were aided by this same king with both cavalry and infantry units.40" + }, + { + "id": 11145, + "la": "Secutum est hoc acerbissimum et calamitosissimum civile bellum in quo quid faciendum Deiotaro, quid omnino rectius fuerit dicere non est necesse, praesertim cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli iudicarit", + "en": "Then came this most cruel and disastrous civil war. What Deiotarus should have done, what was on the whole the more proper course, does not have to be said, especially as victory in the war went contrary to Deiotarus sentiments." + }, + { + "id": 11146, + "la": "Quo in bello si fuit error, communis ei fuit cum senatu; sin recta sententia, ne victa quidem causa vituperanda est", + "en": "If in that war he made a mistake, the senate shared it; but if his was the right decision, it should not be blamed, even though the cause was defeated.41" + }, + { + "id": 11147, + "la": "Ad has copias accedent alii reges, etiam dilectus accedent", + "en": "To these forces will accrue other kings and also levies." + }, + { + "id": 11148, + "la": "Neque vero classes deerunt: tanti Tyrii Cassium faciunt, tantum eius in Syria nomen atque Phoenice est", + "en": "Nor will navies be lacking. Cassius is a hero to the35 Tyrians, a mighty name in Syria and Phoenicia." + }, + { + "id": 11149, + "la": "[14] Paratum habet imperatorem C Cassium, patres conscripti, res publica contra Dolabellam nec paratum solum sed peritum atque fortem", + "en": "[14] In Gaius Cassius, Members of the Senate, the Republic has a general ready to fight Dolabella, and not only ready but experienced and brave." + }, + { + "id": 11150, + "la": "Magnas ille res gessit ante Bibuli, summi viri, adventum, cum Parthorum nobilissimos duces maximas copias fudit Syriamque immani Parthorum impetu liberavit", + "en": "He won great victories before the arrival of the eminent Bibulus, routing celebrated Parthian commanders and a mighty force, delivering Syria from a massive Parthian invasion.42" + }, + { + "id": 11151, + "la": "Maximam eius et singularem laudem praetermitto; cuius enim praedicatio nondum omnibus grata est, hanc memoriae potius quam vocis testimonio conservemus", + "en": "His greatest, unique glory I pass by;43 since its celebration is not yet agreeable to everyone, let us preserve it by the testimony of memory rather than of words." + }, + { + "id": 11152, + "la": "Animadverti, patres conscripti, exaudivi etiam nimium a me Brutum, nimium Cassium ornari, Cassio vero sententia mea dominatum et principatum dari", + "en": "I have noticed, Members of the Senate, I have even36 heard it murmured, that I honor Brutus overmuch and Cassius overmuch; moreover that my motion gives Cassius a position of dominance and primacy." + }, + { + "id": 11153, + "la": "Quos ego orno? Nempe eos qui ipsi sunt ornamenta rei publicae", + "en": "Whom do I honor? Why, men who are themselves an honor to the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11154, + "la": "Quid? D Brutum nonne omnibus sententiis semper ornavi?", + "en": "What? Have I not always honored Decimus Brutus in all my speeches and proposals?" + }, + { + "id": 11155, + "la": "Num igitur reprehenditis? An Antonios potius ornarem, non modo suarum familiarum sed [p.] Romani nominis probra atque dedecora?", + "en": "Do you censure me for that? Or should I rather have honored the Antonii, a reproach and disgrace not only to their families44 but to the Roman name?" + }, + { + "id": 11156, + "la": "An Censorinum ornem in bello hostem, in pace sectorem?", + "en": "Or should I honor Censorinus, an enemy in war, a liquidator of confiscated properties in peace?" + }, + { + "id": 11157, + "la": "An cetera ex eodem latrocinio naufragia colligam?", + "en": "Or am I to assemble the rest of the wreckage from the same robber band?" + }, + { + "id": 11158, + "la": "Ego vero istos oti, concordiae, legum, iudiciorum, libertatis inimicos tantum abest ut ornem ut effici non possit quin eos tam oderim quam rem publicam diligo", + "en": "No, far from honoring these foes of peace, concord, laws, law courts, and liberty, there is no way that I shall not hate them as much as I love the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11159, + "la": "Vide, inquit, ne veteranos offendas; hoc enim vel maxime exaudio", + "en": "Mind you dont offend the veterans, he says;45 for this37 in particular I hear murmured." + }, + { + "id": 11160, + "la": "Ego autem veteranos tueri debeo, sed eos quibus sanitas est; certe timere non debeo", + "en": "Now I have a duty to look after the veterans, but only those of sound sentiments;" + }, + { + "id": 11161, + "la": "Eos vero veteranos qui pro re publica arma ceperunt secutique sunt C Caesaris auctoritatem beneficiorum paternorum, hodieque rem publicam defendunt vitae suae periculo, non tueri solum sed etiam commodis augere debeo", + "en": "I certainly have no duty to be afraid of them. Those veterans who took up arms for the Republic and followed Gaius Caesars authority, mindful of his fathers benefits, and are today risking their lives in defense of the Republic, those I am bound not only to defend but to honor by increasing their benefits." + }, + { + "id": 11162, + "la": "Qui autem quiescunt, ut septima, ut octava legio, in magna gloria et laude ponendos puto", + "en": "The ones who remain quiet, like the Seventh and like the Eighth Legions,46 I consider deserving of great praise and glory." + }, + { + "id": 11163, + "la": "Comites vero Antoni, qui, postquam beneficia Caesaris comederunt, consulem designatum obsident, huic urbi ferro ignique minitantur, Saxae se et Cafoni tradiderunt ad facinus praedamque natis, num quis est qui tuendos putet?", + "en": "But the men with Antonius, who after squandering Caesars benefits are besieging a consul-elect and threatening this city with sword and fire, who have handed themselves over to Saxa and Cafo, those born malefactors and plunderers: does anyone think they should be looked after?" + }, + { + "id": 11164, + "la": "Ergo aut boni sunt, quos etiam ornare, aut quieti, quos conservare debemus, aut impii, quorum contra furorem bellum et iusta arma cepimus", + "en": "So there are either decent men, whom we ought even to honor, or quiet ones, whom we should preserve, or villainous ones, against whose madness we have taken up arms in a just war." + }, + { + "id": 11165, + "la": "[15] Quorum igitur veteranorum animos ne offendamus veremur?", + "en": "[15] To which veterans,38 then, do we fear to give offence?" + }, + { + "id": 11166, + "la": "Eorumne qui D Brutum obsidione cupiunt liberare?", + "en": "Those who are anxious to free Decimus Brutus from siege?" + }, + { + "id": 11167, + "la": "Quibus cum Bruti salus cara sit, qui possunt Cassi nomen odisse?", + "en": "How can they hate the name of Cassius when they hold Brutus life dear?" + }, + { + "id": 11168, + "la": "An eorum qui utrisque armis vacant?", + "en": "Or those who stand neutral?" + }, + { + "id": 11169, + "la": "Non vereor ne acerbus civis quisquam istorum sit qui otio delectantur", + "en": "I am not afraid that any of these peace-loving folk will be bitter against anybody." + }, + { + "id": 11170, + "la": "Tertio vero generi, non militum veteranorum sed importunissimorum hostium, cupio quam acerbissimum dolorem inurere", + "en": "As for the third category, not veteran soldiers but most savage enemies, I wish to sear them with the bitterest possible pain." + }, + { + "id": 11171, + "la": "Quamquam, patres conscripti, quousque sententias dicemus veteranorum arbitratu?", + "en": "After all, Members of the Senate, how much longer shall we voice our opinions at the discretion of the veterans?" + }, + { + "id": 11172, + "la": "Quod eorum tantum fastidium est, quae tanta adrogantia ut ad arbitrium illorum imperatores etiam deligamus?", + "en": "What presumption, what arrogance on their part, to expect us even to choose commanders at their pleasure!" + }, + { + "id": 11173, + "la": "Ego autem'dicendum est enim, patres conscripti, quod sentio'non tam veteranos metuendos nobis arbitror quam quid tirones milites, flos Italiae, quid novae legiones ad liberandam patriam paratissimae, quid cuncta Italia de vestra gravitate sentiat", + "en": "For my part'I have to speak as I feel, Members of the39 Senate'I do not think we should be apprehensive of the veterans so much as of how the recruits, the flower of Italy, how the new legions, who stand fully ready to liberate our native land, and how the whole of Italy are going to judge of your steadfastness." + }, + { + "id": 11174, + "la": "Nihil enim semper floret; aetas succedit aetati", + "en": "Nothing blooms forever; generation succeeds generation." + }, + { + "id": 11175, + "la": "Diu legiones Caesaris viguerunt; nunc vigent Pansae, vigent Hirti, vigent Caesaris fili, vigent Planci", + "en": "Caesars legions flourished for a long while; now it is the turn of Pansas legions, and Hirtius, and young Caesars, and Plancus." + }, + { + "id": 11176, + "la": "Vincunt numero, vincunt aetatibus; nimirum etiam auctoritate vincunt; id enim bellum gerunt quod ab omnibus gentibus comprobatur", + "en": "They have the advantage in number, in youth, and also, one might add, in respect; for they are fighting a war that is approved by all nations." + }, + { + "id": 11177, + "la": "Itaque his praemia promissa sunt, illis persoluta", + "en": "And so these soldiers have been promised rewards, whereas the others have already received them." + }, + { + "id": 11178, + "la": "[1] Etsi minime decere videtur, patres conscripti, falli, decipi, errare eum cui vos maximis saepe de rebus adsentiamini, consolor me tamen quoniam vobiscum pariter et una cum sapientissimo consule erravi", + "en": "[1] Members of the Senate, although it seems by no1 means fitting that one to whose views on matters of the highest importance you frequently give your assent, should be deceived, be misled, be in error, nevertheless, I console myself inasmuch as I erred in common with you and in the company of our very astute consul." + }, + { + "id": 11179, + "la": "Nam cum duo consulares spem honestae pacis nobis attulissent, quod erant familiares M Antoni, quod domestici, nosse aliquod eius vulnus quod nobis ignotum esset videbantur", + "en": "For when two consulars1 brought us hope of peace with honor, we supposed that they, because they were close friends of Marcus Antonius and part of his domestic circle, knew of some reverse that had befallen him of which we were ignorant." + }, + { + "id": 11180, + "la": "Apud alterum uxor, liberi; alter cotidie litteras mittere, accipere, aperte favere Antonio", + "en": "His wife and children2 are staying with one of these individuals, while the other sends and receives letters daily from Antonius and openly supports him.3" + }, + { + "id": 11181, + "la": "Hi subito hortari ad pacem, quod iam diu non fecissent, non sine causa videbantur", + "en": "Their suddenly2 urging us to make peace, something they had not been doing previously, could not be without any reason, we thought." + }, + { + "id": 11182, + "la": "Accessit consul hortator At qui consul?", + "en": "The consul added his encouragement. And what sort of a consul is he?" + }, + { + "id": 11183, + "la": "Si prudentiam quaerimus, qui minime falli posset; si virtutem, qui nullam pacem probaret nisi cum cedente atque victo; si magnitudinem animi, qui praeferret mortem servituti", + "en": "If we seek prudence, the sort of man who was least capable of being tricked; if courage, the sort of man to approve no peace except with a yielding and defeated adversary; if a lofty spirit, the sort of man to prefer death to slavery." + }, + { + "id": 11184, + "la": "Vos autem, patres conscripti, non tam immemores vestrorum gravissimorum decretorum videbamini quam spe adlata deditionis, quam amici pacem appellare mallent, de imponendis, non accipiendis legibus cogitare", + "en": "As for you, Members of the Senate, it was not as though you had forgotten your weighty decrees but rather were thinking of laying down terms, not accepting them, since you had been given reason to hope for a surrender which Antonius friends preferred to call a peace." + }, + { + "id": 11185, + "la": "Auxerat autem meam quidem spem, credo item vestram, quod domum Antoni adflictam maestitia audiebam, lamentari uxorem", + "en": "My hopes rose, as I expect yours did as well, from the report that gloom reigned in Antonius house and that his wife was in tears." + }, + { + "id": 11186, + "la": "Hic etiam fautores Antoni, quorum in vultu habitant oculi mei, tristiores videbam", + "en": "Here too I saw his backers, whose faces my eyes keep under constant observation, looking glum." + }, + { + "id": 11187, + "la": "Quod si non ita est, cur a Pisone et Caleno potissimum, cur hoc tempore, cur tam improviso, cur tam repente pacis est facta mentio?", + "en": "If3 this is not the case, why the mention of peace by Piso and Calenus of all people, why at this time, why so unexpectedly and suddenly?" + }, + { + "id": 11188, + "la": "Negat Piso scire se, negat audisse quicquam; negat Calenus rem ullam novam adlatam esse", + "en": "Piso says he knows nothing, has heard nothing. Calenus says that nothing new has come his way." + }, + { + "id": 11189, + "la": "Atque id nunc negant, postea quam nos pacificatoria legatione implicatos putant", + "en": "They make these denials now, after they think we have entangled ourselves in a peacemaking embassy." + }, + { + "id": 11190, + "la": "Quid ergo opus est novo consilio, si in re nihil omnino novi est?", + "en": "Well, where is the need for a new policy, if there is nothing whatever new in the circumstances?" + }, + { + "id": 11191, + "la": "[2] Decepti, decepti, inquam, sumus, patres conscripti", + "en": "[2] We have been misled, Members of the Senate, misled, I say." + }, + { + "id": 11192, + "la": "Antoni est acta causa ab amicis eius, non publica", + "en": "Antonius friends have pleaded his cause, not that of our country." + }, + { + "id": 11193, + "la": "Quod videbam equidem, sed quasi per caliginem; praestrinxerat aciem animi D Bruti salus", + "en": "I saw it indeed, but I saw it through a fog as it were; my vision was blurred by my anxiety for Decimus Brutus." + }, + { + "id": 11194, + "la": "Quod si in bello dari vicarii solerent, libenter me ut D Brutus emitteretur pro illo includi paterer", + "en": "If the giving of substitutes were customary in war, I would gladly let myself be shut in instead of him so as to secure Decimus Brutus release." + }, + { + "id": 11195, + "la": "Atque hac voce Q Fufi capti sumus: Ne si a Mutina quidem recesserit, audiemus Antonium, ne si in senatus quidem potestate futurum se dixerit? Durum videbatur; itaque fracti sumus, cessimus", + "en": "Moreover, we4 were taken in by these words of Quintus Fufius: Shall we not listen to Antonius even if he withdraws from Mutina, even if he promises to be under the senates control? It seemed obstinate of us; consequently we softened, we gave in." + }, + { + "id": 11196, + "la": "Recedit igitur a Mutina? Nescio. Paret senatui? Credo, inquit Calenus, sed ita ut teneat dignitatem.", + "en": "Well, does he withdraw from Mutina? I dont know, is the reply. Is he obedient to the senate? I believe so, (Fufius) Calenus says, but with the proviso that he maintain his dignity." + }, + { + "id": 11197, + "la": "Valde hercules vobis laborandum est, patres conscripti, ut vestram dignitatem amittatis, quae maxima est, Antoni, quae neque est ulla neque esse potest, retineatis, ut eam per vos reciperet quam per se perdidit!", + "en": "Of course, by god, Members of the Senate, you must make every effort to throw away your own dignity, which is very great, and keep intact Antonius dignity, which does not and cannot exist, so that he may recover through you the dignity that he destroyed by his own doing!" + }, + { + "id": 11198, + "la": "Si iacens vobiscum aliquid ageret, audirem fortasse; quamquam'sed hoc malo dicere, audirem: stanti resistendum est aut concedenda una cum dignitate libertas", + "en": "If he were prepared to negotiate with you on his knees, perhaps I would listen, even though'but I prefer to say, I would listen. Given, however, that he stands upright, we must resist him or surrender freedom along with dignity." + }, + { + "id": 11199, + "la": "At non est integrum: constituta legatio est", + "en": "But, it may be objected, the matter is closed; the delegation5 has been appointed." + }, + { + "id": 11200, + "la": "Quid autem non integrum est sapienti quod restitui potest?", + "en": "Yet, to a man of sense everything is open that can be corrected." + }, + { + "id": 11201, + "la": "Cuiusvis hominis est errare; nullius nisi insipientis perseverare in errore", + "en": "Anyone can make a mistake, but only a fool persists in error." + }, + { + "id": 11202, + "la": "Posteriores enim cogitationes, ut aiunt, sapientiores solent esse", + "en": "Second thoughts, as they say, are usually wiser.4" + }, + { + "id": 11203, + "la": "Discussa est illa caligo quam paulo ante dixi; diluxit, patet, videmus omnia, neque per nos solum, sed admonemur a nostris", + "en": "That fog of which I spoke a little earlier is dispersed. Light has broken through, all is plain, we see everything, and not only with our own eyes, but our families and friends warn us." + }, + { + "id": 11204, + "la": "Attendistis paulo ante praestantissimi viri quae esset oratio", + "en": "You heard a little while ago the speech of a very distinguished gentleman:" + }, + { + "id": 11205, + "la": "Maestam, inquit, domum offendi, coniugem, liberos Admirabantur boni viri, accusabant amici quod spe pacis legationem suscepissem.", + "en": "I found in mourning, he said, my household, my wife, my children. Decent men were astonished, and my friends criticized me for accepting the mission in the hope of peace." + }, + { + "id": 11206, + "la": "Nec mirum, P Servili: tuis enim verissimis gravissimisque sententiis omni est non dico dignitate sed etiam spe salutis spoliatus Antonius", + "en": "No wonder, Publius Servilius! It was your most stern and weighty proposals that deprived Antonius of all hope of survival, let alone dignity." + }, + { + "id": 11207, + "la": "Ad eum ire te legatum quis non miraretur? De me experior: cuius idem consilium quod tuum sentio quam reprehendatur", + "en": "Who6 would not be surprised to see you go to him as envoy? I speak from my own experience. I took the same view as you, and I see how strongly it is censured." + }, + { + "id": 11208, + "la": "Nos reprehendimur soli? Quid? Vir fortissimus Pansa sine causa paulo ante tam accurate locutus est tam diu?", + "en": "Nor are the two of us the only targets for criticism. Was it without good cause that our gallant Pansa spoke just now in such detail and at such length?" + }, + { + "id": 11209, + "la": "Quid egit nisi uti falsam proditionis a se suspicionem depelleret? Unde autem ista suspicio est?", + "en": "What was his purpose except to free himself from a false suspicion of treachery? And whence arose that suspicion?" + }, + { + "id": 11210, + "la": "Ex pacis patrocinio repentino quod subito suscepit eodem captus errore quo nos", + "en": "From his sudden advocacy of peace, which he launched on the spur of the moment, having been deceived by the same error as ourselves." + }, + { + "id": 11211, + "la": "Quod si est erratum, patres conscripti, spe falsa atque fallaci, redeamus in viam Optimus est portus paenitenti mutatio consili", + "en": "Well, Members of the Senate, if we have been led7 astray by a false, delusive hope, let us get back to our path. The best recourse when experiencing regret is a change of policy." + }, + { + "id": 11212, + "la": "[3] Quid enim potest, per deos immortalis, rei publicae prodesse nostra legatio? Prodesse dico?", + "en": "[3] For, in name of the immortal gods, what good can our mission do the Republic? What good, do I say?" + }, + { + "id": 11213, + "la": "Quid si etiam obfutura est? Obfutura? Quid si iam nocuit atque obfuit?", + "en": "But supposing it is even going to do harm? Going to do harm?" + }, + { + "id": 11214, + "la": "An vos acerrimam illam et fortissimam populi Romani libertatis recuperandae cupiditatem non imminutam ac debilitatam putatis legatione pacis audita?", + "en": "Supposing it already has done harm and been detrimental? Or do you imagine that the Roman peoples ardent, courageous desire to recover its freedom has not been diminished and enfeebled by the news of a peace mission?" + }, + { + "id": 11215, + "la": "Quid municipia censetis? Quid colonias? Quid cunctam Italiam? Futuram eodem studio quo contra commune incendium exarserat?", + "en": "How do you think the municipalities have been affected, and the colonies, and the whole of Italy? Will the enthusiasm that previously flamed up to fight the common peril be the same?" + }, + { + "id": 11216, + "la": "An non putamus fore ut eos paeniteat professos esse et prae se tulisse odium in Antonium qui pecunias polliciti sunt, qui arma, qui se totos et animis et corporibus in salutem rei publicae contulerunt?", + "en": "Must we not expect that those who have promised money and arms, who have committed themselves unreservedly body and soul to the survival of the Republic, will regret having professed and declared their hatred of Antonius?" + }, + { + "id": 11217, + "la": "Quem ad modum nostrum hoc consilium Capua probabit, quae temporibus his Roma altera est?", + "en": "How will Capua, which is a second Rome these days, approve this initiative of ours?" + }, + { + "id": 11218, + "la": "Illa impios civis iudicavit, eiecit, exclusit", + "en": "She judged the traitors, threw them out, kept them out.5" + }, + { + "id": 11219, + "la": "Illi, inquam, urbi fortissime conanti e manibus est ereptus Antonius", + "en": "Yes, Antonius was barely snatched from that citys grasp as she bravely tried to lay hold of him." + }, + { + "id": 11220, + "la": "Quid? Legionum nostrarum nervos nonne his consiliis incidimus?", + "en": "What of our legions? Have we not hamstrung8 them by this peace initiative?" + }, + { + "id": 11221, + "la": "Quis est enim qui ad bellum inflammato animo futurus sit spe pacis oblata?", + "en": "What heart will burn for war once the hope of peace has been held out?" + }, + { + "id": 11222, + "la": "Ipsa illa Martia caelestis et divina legio hoc nuntio languescet et mollietur atque illud pulcherrimum nomen [Martium] amittet: excident gladii, fluent arma de manibus", + "en": "Even that godlike, superhuman Martian legion will droop at the news and soften and lose its splendid name; the swords will fall, the shields will drop from their hands." + }, + { + "id": 11223, + "la": "Senatum enim secuta non arbitrabitur se graviore odio debere esse in Antonium quam senatum", + "en": "They followed the senate, and will not feel it right to show more hatred towards Antonius than the senate does." + }, + { + "id": 11224, + "la": "Pudet huius legionis, pudet quartae, quae pari virtute nostram auctoritatem probans non ut consulem et imperatorem suum, sed ut hostem et oppugnatorem patriae reliquit Antonium;", + "en": "One feels shame in the sight of this legion and of the Fourth too, which with equal courage approved our authority and abandoned Antonius, not as their consul and imperator but as an enemy and assailant of their native land." + }, + { + "id": 11225, + "la": "pudet optimi exercitus qui coniunctus est ex duobus, qui iam lustratus, qui profectus ad Mutinam est;", + "en": "One feels shame in the sight of that excellent army, made up of two armies,6 which has already been reviewed7 and has set out for Mutina." + }, + { + "id": 11226, + "la": "qui si pacis, id est timoris nostri, nomen audierit, ut non referat pedem, insistet certe", + "en": "If they hear the name of peace, that is, of our fear, they will undoubtedly halt, if not turn around." + }, + { + "id": 11227, + "la": "Quid enim revocante et receptui canente senatu properet dimicare?", + "en": "Why should they hasten to do battle, when the senate calls them back, sounding the signal for retreat?" + }, + { + "id": 11228, + "la": "[4] Quid autem hoc iniustius quam nos inscientibus eis qui bellum gerunt de pace decernere, nec solum inscientibus sed etiam invitis?", + "en": "[4] And what can be more improper9 than for us to decide upon peace without the knowledge of those who are fighting the war'and not only without their knowledge but against their will?" + }, + { + "id": 11229, + "la": "An vos A Hirtium, praeclarissimum consulem, C Caesarem, deorum beneficio natum ad haec tempora, quorum epistulas spem victoriae declarantis in manu teneo, pacem velle censetis?", + "en": "Or do you imagine that Aulus Hirtius, our splendid consul, or Gaius Caesar, born by the grace of the gods to match these times, whose letters declaring their hope for victory I hold in my hand'do you imagine they want peace?" + }, + { + "id": 11230, + "la": "Vincere illi expetunt pacisque dulcissimum et pulcherrimum nomen non pactione, sed victoria concupiverunt", + "en": "They aim at being victorious, and they have set their hearts on peace, that sweetest and most beautiful of words, through victory, not bargaining." + }, + { + "id": 11231, + "la": "Quid? Galliam quo tandem animo hanc rem audituram putatis?", + "en": "Again, how do you think Gaul will feel about this news?" + }, + { + "id": 11232, + "la": "Illa enim huius belli propulsandi, administrandi, sustinendi principatum tenet", + "en": "She plays the leading role in repelling, conducting, and sustaining this war." + }, + { + "id": 11233, + "la": "Gallia D Bruti nutum ipsum, ne dicam imperium, secuta armis, viris, pecunia belli principia firmavit;", + "en": "Gaul, following Decimus Brutus simple nod'I wont say his order'strengthened the wars beginnings with arms, men, and money." + }, + { + "id": 11234, + "la": "eadem crudelitati M Antoni suum totum corpus obiecit;", + "en": "That same province put her whole body in the way of Marcus Antonius cruelty;" + }, + { + "id": 11235, + "la": "exhauritur, vastatur, uritur: omnis aequo animo belli patitur iniurias, dum modo repellat periculum servitutis", + "en": "she is being drained, ravaged, burned. She calmly endures all the injuries of war, if only she can thrust back the danger of slavery." + }, + { + "id": 11236, + "la": "Et ut omittam reliquas partis Galliae'nam sunt omnes pares'Patavini alios excluserunt, alios eiecerunt missos ab Antonio, pecunia, militibus, et, quod maxime deerat, armis nostros duces adiuverunt", + "en": "And to say nothing of the other10 parts of Gaul'for they are all equal'the people of Patavium kept out some of the men sent by Antonius and threw out others, while helping our commanders with money, troops, and what they needed most, weapons." + }, + { + "id": 11237, + "la": "Fecerunt idem reliqui, qui quondam in eadem causa erant et propter multorum annorum iniurias alienati a senatu putabantur: quos minime mirum est communicata cum eis re publica fidelis , qui etiam expertes eius fidem suam semper praestiterunt", + "en": "The rest did likewise, though formerly they were in the same cause as Antonius and were believed to be alienated from the senate because of the wrongs of many years.8 But it is not at all surprising that, having always shown their loyalty even when they had no share in the Republic, they should be faithful now that they have been given a stake in it." + }, + { + "id": 11238, + "la": "[5] His igitur omnibus victoriam sperantibus pacis nomen adferemus, id est desperationem victoriae?", + "en": "[5] Since, therefore, all of them hope for victory, shall we offer them the name of peace, which means despair of victory?" + }, + { + "id": 11239, + "la": "Quid si ne potest quidem ulla esse pax?", + "en": "What if it is not even possible for there to be any peace?11" + }, + { + "id": 11240, + "la": "Quae enim est condicio pacis in qua ei cum quo pacem facias nihil concedi potest?", + "en": "For what can be the terms of a peace in which no concession can be made to the party with whom you are making peace?" + }, + { + "id": 11241, + "la": "Multis rebus a nobis est invitatus ad pacem Antonius: bellum tamen maluit", + "en": "After committing many acts of wickedness, Antonius was invited by us to make peace, but still he preferred war." + }, + { + "id": 11242, + "la": "Missi legati repugnante me, sed tamen missi; delata mandata: non paruit", + "en": "Envoys were dispatched, despite my opposition, but they were dispatched nonetheless. Instructions were delivered: he disobeyed." + }, + { + "id": 11243, + "la": "Denuntiatum est ne Brutum obsideret, a Mutina discederet: oppugnavit etiam vehementius", + "en": "He was warned not to besiege Brutus, to withdraw from Mutina: he attacked with even greater vigor." + }, + { + "id": 11244, + "la": "Et ad eum legatos de pace mittemus qui pacis nuntios repudiavit?", + "en": "Shall we send envoys concerning peace to a man who rebuffed messengers of peace?" + }, + { + "id": 11245, + "la": "Verecundioremne coram putamus in postulando fore quam fuerit tum cum misit mandata ad senatum?", + "en": "Do we suppose he will be more modest in his demands face to face than he was when he sent directives to the senate?" + }, + { + "id": 11246, + "la": "Atqui tum ea petebat quae videbantur improba omnino sed tamen aliquo modo posse concedi; nondum erat vestris tam gravibus tamque multis iudiciis ignominiisque concisus: nunc ea petit quae dare nullo modo possumus, nisi prius volumus bello nos victos confiteri", + "en": "All the same, his requests at that time appeared wicked to be sure, but in some way within the limits of possible concession. He had not yet been mauled by so many condemnatory judgments and black marks at your hands. Now he is asking what we cannot possibly grant, unless we first choose to acknowledge ourselves defeated in the war." + }, + { + "id": 11247, + "la": "Senatus consulta falsa delata ab eo iudicavimus: num ea vera possumus iudicare?", + "en": "We have declared that12 he entered false decrees of the senate: surely we cannot declare them genuine, can we?" + }, + { + "id": 11248, + "la": "Leges statuimus per vim et contra auspicia latas eisque nec populum nec plebem teneri: num eas restitui posse censetis?", + "en": "We have determined that laws were passed by violence and contrary to auspices and that neither people nor plebs9 are bound by them: surely you do not think they can be restored, do you?" + }, + { + "id": 11249, + "la": "Sestertium septiens miliens avertisse Antonium pecuniae publicae iudicavistis: num fraude poterit carere peculatus?", + "en": "You have declared that Antonius embezzled seven hundred million sesterces of public money: surely embezzlement cannot escape penalty, can it?" + }, + { + "id": 11250, + "la": "Immunitates ab eo, civitates, sacerdotia, regna venierunt: num figentur rursus eae tabulae quas vos decretis vestris refixistis?", + "en": "He sold exemptions from levies, Roman citizenship, priesthoods, kingdoms: surely those tablets, which you took down by your decrees, will not be replaced, will they?" + }, + { + "id": 11251, + "la": "[6] Quod si ea quae decrevimus obruere, num etiam memoriam rerum delere possumus?", + "en": "[6] Suppose, however, we can bury our decrees, surely we cannot wipe out the memory of events as well, can we?" + }, + { + "id": 11252, + "la": "Quando enim obliviscetur ulla posteritas cuius scelere in hac vestitus foeditate fuerimus?", + "en": "For when will any future generation forget whose crime it was that made us put on this repellent dress?" + }, + { + "id": 11253, + "la": "Ut centurionum legionis Martiae Brundisi profusus sanguis eluatur, num elui praedicatio crudelitatis potest?", + "en": "Even supposing that the blood of the centurions of the Martian Legion shed at Brundisium may be washed away, surely the recital of that atrocity cannot be washed away, can it?" + }, + { + "id": 11254, + "la": "Ut media praeteream, quae vetustas tollet operum circum Mutinam taetra monumenta, sceleris indicia latrocinique vestigia?", + "en": "To pass over all that happened in between, what lapse of years will remove the sinister memorials of the siege works surrounding Mutina, the evidence of crime, the traces of banditry?" + }, + { + "id": 11255, + "la": "Huic igitur importuno atque impuro parricidae quid habemus, per deos immortalis, quod remittamus?", + "en": "So, what do we have, by the immortal gods, that we can13 make as a concession to this savage, foul traitor?" + }, + { + "id": 11256, + "la": "An Galliam ultimam et exercitum?", + "en": "Outer Gaul and an army?11" + }, + { + "id": 11257, + "la": "Quid est aliud non pacem facere, sed differre bellum, nec solum propagare bellum sed concedere etiam victoriam?", + "en": "That would not be making peace but simply deferring the war, and not only prolonging the war but even conceding victory." + }, + { + "id": 11258, + "la": "An ille non vicerit, si quacumque condicione in hanc urbem cum suis venerit?", + "en": "For will he not have won if he comes back to this city with his followers on whatever terms?" + }, + { + "id": 11259, + "la": "Armis nunc omnia tenemus; auctoritate valemus plurimum; absunt tot perditi cives, nefarium secuti ducem; tamen eorum ora sermonesque qui in urbe ex eo numero relicti sunt ferre non possumus", + "en": "At present, we are in control of everything by means of our arms; our authority has enormous weight; so many reckless citizens are absent from Rome as a result of having followed their wicked leader: and yet we cannot tolerate the countenances and talk of those of their number who are left in Rome." + }, + { + "id": 11260, + "la": "Quid censetis, cum tot uno tempore irruperint, nos arma posuerimus, illi non deposuerint, nonne nos nostris consiliis victos in perpetuum fore?", + "en": "How do you think it will be when so many of them have burst in at the same time, when we have laid aside our arms, and they have not laid down theirs?" + }, + { + "id": 11261, + "la": "Ponite ante oculos M Antonium consularem; sperantem consulatum Lucium adiungite; supplete ceteros neque nostri ordinis solum honores et imperia meditantis: nolite ne Tirones quidem Numisios et Mustelas Seios contemnere", + "en": "Shall we not have been defeated once and for all through our own decisions? Picture Marcus Antonius, the14 consular. Add Lucius, aspirant to the consulship. Throw in the rest, and not only those who are members of this body, whose minds are on offices and commands. Dont despise even the likes of Tiro Numisius or Mustela Seius." + }, + { + "id": 11262, + "la": "Cum eis facta pax non erit pax, sed pactio servitutis L Pisonis, amplissimi viri, praeclara vox a te non solum in hoc ordine, Pansa, sed etiam in contione iure laudata est", + "en": "Peace made with them will be no peace, but a pact of slavery. Not only in this body but also in a public meeting, Pansa, you rightly praised a fine saying of Lucius Piso, a distinguished gentleman." + }, + { + "id": 11263, + "la": "Excessurum se ex Italia dixit, deos penatis et sedes patrias relicturum, si'quod di omen avertant!'rem publicam oppressisset Antonius", + "en": "He declared that he would leave Italy, abandon his household gods and his ancestral home, if'may the gods avert the omen!'Antonius crushed the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11264, + "la": "[7] Quaero igitur a te, L Piso, nonne oppressam rem publicam putes, si tot tam impii, tam audaces, tam facinerosi recepti sint?", + "en": "[7] Then I ask you, Lucius Piso, would you not regard15 the Republic as crushed if so many who are so wicked, so bold, and so vicious are taken back?" + }, + { + "id": 11265, + "la": "Quos nondum tantis parricidiis contaminatos vix ferebamus, hos nunc omni scelere coopertos tolerabilis censes civitati fore?", + "en": "We had all we could do to put up with them before they had polluted themselves with such atrocities against their country. Do you think the community will find them tolerable now that they are steeped in every crime?" + }, + { + "id": 11266, + "la": "Aut isto tuo, mihi crede, consilio erit utendum, ut cedamus, abeamus, vitam inopem et vagam persequamur, aut cervices latronibus dandae atque in patria cadendum est", + "en": "Believe me, we shall either have to follow your plan to leave, retire, and lead the life of needy wanderers, or we shall have to permit our throats to be slit by the criminals and fall in our native land." + }, + { + "id": 11267, + "la": "Ubi sunt, C Pansa, illae cohortationes pulcherrimae tuae quibus a te excitatus senatus, inflammatus populus Romanus non solum audivit sed etiam didicit nihil esse homini Romano foedius servitute?", + "en": "Where now, Gaius Pansa, are those noble exhortations of yours with which you roused the senate and fired the people, as they not only heard but also learned that to a Roman no fate is more horrible than slavery?" + }, + { + "id": 11268, + "la": "Idcircone saga sumpsimus, arma cepimus, iuventutem omnem ex tota Italia excussimus, ut exercitu florentissimo et maximo legati ad pacem mitterentur?", + "en": "Did we put on military cloaks,16 take up arms, rouse up all young men of military age from all over Italy with a view to sending envoys on a peace mission after we had raised a great and most splendid army?" + }, + { + "id": 11269, + "la": "Si accipiendam, cur non rogamur? Si postulandam, quid timemus?", + "en": "If to accept a peace, why are we not being asked?12 If to demand it, what are we afraid of?13" + }, + { + "id": 11270, + "la": "In hac ego legatione sim aut ad id consilium admiscear in quo ne si dissensero quidem a ceteris sciturus populus Romanus sit?", + "en": "Am I to be a member of this delegation, or am I to be added to that council in which even if I dissent from the rest, the Roman people are not going to know it?" + }, + { + "id": 11271, + "la": "Ita fiet ut, si quid remissum aut concessum sit, meo semper periculo peccet Antonius, cum ei peccandi potestas a me concessa videatur", + "en": "The consequence will be that if there should be any relaxation or concession, Antonius will commit further wrongdoings with my good name continually at risk, since it will appear that the power to do wrong was conceded to him by me." + }, + { + "id": 11272, + "la": "Quod si habenda cum M Antoni latrocinio pacis ratio fuit, mea tamen persona ad istam pacem conciliandam minime fuit deligenda", + "en": "But even supposing peace with Marcus Antonius banditry17 was something to be considered, still, I was the last person who should have been chosen to negotiate such a peace." + }, + { + "id": 11273, + "la": "Ego numquam legatos mittendos censui; ego ante reditum legatorum ausus sum dicere, pacem ipsam si adferrent, quoniam sub nomine pacis bellum lateret, repudiandam; ego princeps sagorum; ego semper illum appellavi hostem, cum alii adversarium, semper hoc bellum, cum alii tumultum", + "en": "I was never in favor of sending envoys. Before the envoys returned, I was bold enough to say that even if they brought peace itself, it should be rejected, inasmuch as under the name of peace war would lurk.14 I took the lead in the putting on of military cloaks. I consistently called Antonius a public enemy, while others called him an adversary; I consistently called this a war, while others called it a public emergency." + }, + { + "id": 11274, + "la": "Nec haec in senatu solum: eadem ad populum semper egi; neque solum in ipsum sed in eius socios facinorum et ministros, et praesentis et eos qui una sunt, in totam denique M Antoni domum sum semper invectus", + "en": "And this I did not in the senate only; I always used the same language before the people. And I have all along inveighed not only against Antonius but against the partners and ministers of his crimes, both those present and those who are with him, in fact against the whole family circle of Marcus Antonius." + }, + { + "id": 11275, + "la": "Itaque ut alacres et laeti spe pacis oblata inter se impii cives, quasi vicissent, gratulabantur, sic me iniquum eierabant, de me querebantur", + "en": "And so, traitorous citizens,18 when they were lively and cheerful at the prospect of peace and were congratulating each other as though they had triumphed, were for rejecting me as biased, were protesting about me." + }, + { + "id": 11276, + "la": "Diffidebant etiam Servilio: meminerant eius sententiis confixum Antonium L Caesarem fortem quidem illum et constantem senatorem, avunculum tamen; Calenum procuratorem; Pisonem familiarem", + "en": "Neither did they trust Servilius, remembering how Antony had been impaled by his views expressed in this body. Lucius Caesar, though a brave and resolute senator, they bore in mind was nonetheless Antonius uncle, Calenus his agent, and Piso his close friend." + }, + { + "id": 11277, + "la": "Te ipsum, Pansa, vehementissimum et fortissimum consulem, factum iam putant leniorem; non quo ita sit aut esse possit, sed mentio a te facta pacis suspicionem multis attulit immutatae voluntatis", + "en": "As for yourself, Pansa,15 our most energetic and valiant consul, they believe you have now been made more amenable; not that this is true or could be, but your introduction of the topic of peace made many suspect a shift of attitude." + }, + { + "id": 11278, + "la": "Inter has personas me interiectum amici Antoni moleste ferunt: quibus gerendus mos est, quoniam semel liberales esse coepimus", + "en": "The friends of Antonius are annoyed that I have been thrust among these participants, and we ought to humor them, seeing that we have started to be obliging once already." + }, + { + "id": 11279, + "la": "[8] Proficiscantur legati optimis ominibus, sed ei proficiscantur in quibus non offendatur Antonius", + "en": "[8] Let the envoys set out with the best of omens,19 but only those who will not offend Antonius." + }, + { + "id": 11280, + "la": "Quod si de Antonio non laboratis, mihi certe, patres conscripti, consulere debetis", + "en": "But if you are not worried about Antonius feelings, Members of the Senate, you ought at least to have some regard for mine." + }, + { + "id": 11281, + "la": "Parcite oculis saltem meis et aliquam veniam iusto dolori date", + "en": "Spare my eyes at any rate and make some allowance for a legitimate indignation." + }, + { + "id": 11282, + "la": "Quo enim aspectu videre potero'omitto hostem patriae, ex quo mihi odium in illum commune vobiscum est'sed quo modo aspiciam mihi uni crudelissimum hostem, ut declarant eius de me acerbissimae contiones?", + "en": "With what expression on my face shall I be able to behold'I do not say the enemy of our native land, since you have as much cause as I to hate him on that account'but how shall I look at an enemy so cruel to me especially, as his very savage harangues about me declare?" + }, + { + "id": 11283, + "la": "Adeone me ferreum putatis ut cum eo congredi aut illum aspicere possim qui nuper, cum in contione donaret eos qui ei de parricidis audacissimi videbantur, mea bona donare se dixit Petusio Urbinati, qui ex naufragio luculenti patrimoni ad haec Antoniana saxa proiectus est?", + "en": "Do you think I am so made of iron that I can meet with him or look at that man who the other day, when announcing rewards at a public meeting to the boldest-seeming among his traitor band, said that he was granting my property to Petusius of Urbinum, a fellow who was flung from the wreck of a fine patrimony onto these Antonian rocks?" + }, + { + "id": 11284, + "la": "An L Antonium aspicere potero, cuius ego crudelitatem effugere non potuissem, nisi me moenibus et portis et studio municipi mei defendissem?", + "en": "Or shall I be able to look at Lucius Antonius,20 whose cruelty I escaped only under the protection of the walls and gates and goodwill of my native town?16" + }, + { + "id": 11285, + "la": "Atque idem hic myrmillo Asiaticus, latro Italiae, collega Lentonis et Nuculae, cum Aquilae primi pili nummos aureos daret, de meis bonis se dare dixit: si enim de suis dixisset, ne Aquilam quidem ipsum crediturum putavit", + "en": "When this same Asiatic myrmillo,17 robber of Italy, colleague of Lento and Nucula,18 gave some gold pieces to Aquila, a chief centurion, he said that he was giving them out of my property; for if he had said they came out of his own resources, he thought that even Aquila would not believe him." + }, + { + "id": 11286, + "la": "Non ferent, inquam, oculi Saxam, Cafonem, non duo praetores, non tribunos plebis [non] duo designatos [tribunos], non Bestiam, non Trebellium, non T Plancum", + "en": "My eyes, I say, will not bear the sight of Saxa and Cafo, of the two praetors,19 of the two tribunes-elect of the plebs,20 of Bestia, of Trebellius, of Titus Plancus." + }, + { + "id": 11287, + "la": "Non possum animo aequo videre tot tam importunos, tam sceleratos hostis; nec id fit fastidio meo, sed caritate rei publicae", + "en": "I cannot calmly behold such a large number of such savage, such wicked public enemies. That is not because I am squeamish, but because I love the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11288, + "la": "Sed vincam animum mihique imperabo: dolorem iustissimum, si non potuero frangere, occultabo", + "en": "But I shall conquer my feelings and force myself along.21 If I cannot overcome my most legitimate indignation, I shall hide it." + }, + { + "id": 11289, + "la": "Quid? Vitae censetisne, patres conscripti, habendam mihi aliquam esse rationem?", + "en": "What? Do you think, Members of the Senate, that I ought to have some regard for my life?" + }, + { + "id": 11290, + "la": "Quae mihi quidem minime cara est, praesertim cum Dolabella fecerit ut optanda mors esset, modo sine cruciatu atque tormentis; vobis tamen et populo Romano vilis meus spiritus esse non debet", + "en": "Indeed I set little store by it, especially now that thanks to Dolabella death is a thing to wish for, provided it not be accompanied by the pains of torture. But in your eyes and those of the Roman people, my life should not be of little account." + }, + { + "id": 11291, + "la": "Is enim sum, nisi me forte fallo, qui vigiliis, curis, sententiis, periculis etiam, quae plurima adii propter acerbissimum omnium in me odium impiorum, perfecerim ut non obstarem rei publicae, ne quid adrogantius videar dicere", + "en": "For if I do not perchance deceive myself, I am one who by his vigils, anxieties, views expressed in this body, and even by risks, which I have often encountered on account of the bitter hatred felt for me by all traitors, has managed'let me avoid any appearance of arrogant speech'to be of no disservice to the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11292, + "la": "[9] Quod cum ita sit, nihilne mihi de periculo meo cogitandum putatis?", + "en": "[9] That being so, do you think I22 ought not to take any thought for the risks I should be exposed to?" + }, + { + "id": 11293, + "la": "Hic cum essem in urbe ac domi, tamen multa saepe temptata sunt, ubi me non solum amicorum fidelitas sed etiam universae civitatis oculi custodiunt: quid censetis, cum iter ingressus ero, longum praesertim, nullasne insidias extimescendas?", + "en": "Even here, as I live in Rome, in my home, many attempts have often been made, where I am guarded not only by the loyalty of friends but also by the eyes of the whole community. How do you suppose it will be when I have set out on a journey, particularly a long one? Will there be no need for fear of an ambush?" + }, + { + "id": 11294, + "la": "Tres viae sunt ad Mutinam'quo festinat animus ut quam primum illud pignus libertatis populi Romani, D Brutum, aspicere possim; cuius in complexu libenter extremum vitae spiritum ediderim, cum omnes actiones horum mensum, omnes sententiae meae pervenerint ad eum qui mihi fuit propositus exitum", + "en": "There are three roads to Mutina, the town to which I am hastening in spirit so that I may behold as soon as possible that pledge of the Roman peoples freedom, Decimus Brutus. In his embrace I would gladly breathe my last, when all that I have been doing and recommending these past months has reached the end I had in view." + }, + { + "id": 11295, + "la": "Tres ergo, ut dixi, viae: a supero mari Flaminia, ab infero Aurelia, media Cassia", + "en": "Well, as I have said, there are three roads: the Flaminian along the east coast, the Aurelian along the west coast, and the Cassian in the middle." + }, + { + "id": 11296, + "la": "Nunc, quaeso, attendite num aberret a coniectura suspicio periculi mei", + "en": "Now consider, please, whether my23 suspicion of personal danger strays from a reasonable inference." + }, + { + "id": 11297, + "la": "Etruriam discriminat Cassia", + "en": "The Cassian Way divides Etruria." + }, + { + "id": 11298, + "la": "Scimusne igitur, Pansa, quibus in locis nunc sit Lentonis Caesenni septemviralis auctoritas?", + "en": "Do we know, Pansa, the present whereabouts of that pillar of the Board of Seven, Lento Caesennius?" + }, + { + "id": 11299, + "la": "Nobiscum nec animo certe est nec corpore", + "en": "He certainly is not with us, either in body or spirit." + }, + { + "id": 11300, + "la": "Si autem aut domi est aut non longe a domo, certe in Etruria est, id est in via", + "en": "And if he is either at home or not far from home, he is certainly in Etruria; that is, on my route." + }, + { + "id": 11301, + "la": "Quis igitur mihi praestat Lentonem uno capite esse contentum?", + "en": "Who guarantees me that Lento is content with one life?21" + }, + { + "id": 11302, + "la": "Dic mihi praeterea, Pansa, Ventidius ubi sit, cui fui semper amicus ante quam ille rei publicae bonisque omnibus tam aperte est factus inimicus", + "en": "Tell me, furthermore, Pansa, where Ventidius is, a man with whom I was always on friendly terms before he became so open an enemy to the Republic and to all decent men." + }, + { + "id": 11303, + "la": "Possum Cassiam vitare, Flaminiam: quid si Anconam, ut dicitur, Ventidius venerit?", + "en": "Well, I can avoid the Cassian Way and follow the Flaminian. What if Ventidius comes to Ancona, as it is said he will?" + }, + { + "id": 11304, + "la": "Poterone Ariminum tuto accedere? Restat Aurelia", + "en": "Shall I be able to approach Ariminum safely? That leaves the Aurelian Way." + }, + { + "id": 11305, + "la": "Hic quidem etiam praesidia habeo; possessiones enim sunt P Clodi", + "en": "Now here I even have protection. These are the lands of Publius Clodius." + }, + { + "id": 11306, + "la": "Tota familia occurret; hospitio invitabit propter familiaritatem notissimam", + "en": "The whole household will turn out to meet me and offer hospitality because of our notorious friendship." + }, + { + "id": 11307, + "la": "[10] Hisce ego me viis committam, qui Terminalibus nuper in suburbum, ut eodem die reverterer, ire non sum ausus?", + "en": "[10] Shall I then entrust myself to those roads, when recently24 at the Festival of Terminus22 I did not dare to go to a house near Rome23 and return the same day?" + }, + { + "id": 11308, + "la": "Domesticis me parietibus vix tueor sine amicorum custodiis", + "en": "I can scarcely protect myself within the walls of my house without my friends keeping guard." + }, + { + "id": 11309, + "la": "Itaque in urbe maneo, si licebit, manebo", + "en": "So I stay in Rome; if I am permitted, I shall continue to do so." + }, + { + "id": 11310, + "la": "Haec mea sedes est, haec vigilia, haec custodia, hoc praesidium stativum", + "en": "This is my dwelling-place, this my watch and ward, this my standing guard." + }, + { + "id": 11311, + "la": "Teneant alii castra, gerant res bellicas, oderint hostem; nam hoc caput est: nos, ut dicimus semperque fecimus, urbem et res urbanas vobiscum pariter tuebimur", + "en": "Let others occupy camps, wage war, hate the enemy; for this is the main point: I, as I say and as I have always done, shall attend to Rome and its affairs along with you gentlemen." + }, + { + "id": 11312, + "la": "Neque vero recuso munus hoc: quamquam populum Romanum video pro me recusare", + "en": "But at the same time, I am not refusing this commission, though I perceive that the Roman people are refusing it for me." + }, + { + "id": 11313, + "la": "Nemo me minus timidus, nemo tamen cautior", + "en": "No man is less timid than I, but no man is more cautious." + }, + { + "id": 11314, + "la": "Res declarat Vicesimus annus est cum omnes scelerati me unum petunt", + "en": "The facts declare it. For twenty years past, all the villains have attacked me alone." + }, + { + "id": 11315, + "la": "Itaque ipsi, ne dicam mihi, rei publicae poenas dederunt: me salvum adhuc res publica conservavit sibi", + "en": "Well, they themselves paid their penalties, I will not say to me personally but to the Republic, while the Republic has up to this time preserved me for its service." + }, + { + "id": 11316, + "la": "Timide hoc dicam'scio enim quidvis homini accidere posse'verum tamen: ", + "en": "I shall say this with hesitation'for I know that anything can happen to mortal man'but anyhow: I was never taken unawares," + }, + { + "id": 11317, + "la": "Semel circumsessus lectis valentissimorum hominum viribus cecidi sciens ut honestissime possem exsurgere", + "en": "though on one occasion,24 surrounded by the massed strength of some very powerful people, I fell, deliberately, so that I could rise again in triumph." + }, + { + "id": 11318, + "la": "Possumne igitur satis videri cautus, satis providus, si me huic itineri tam infesto tamque periculoso commisero?", + "en": "Can I, then, appear adequately cautious, adequately25 prudent, if I trust myself to this journey so fraught with menace and peril?" + }, + { + "id": 11319, + "la": "Gloriam in morte debent ei qui in re publica versantur, non culpae reprehensionem et stultitiae vituperationem relinquere", + "en": "Those who take part in public affairs should leave a legacy of glory when they die, not a legacy of censure and reproach for shortcoming and folly." + }, + { + "id": 11320, + "la": "Quis bonus non luget mortem Treboni?", + "en": "What honest man does not mourn the death of Trebonius?" + }, + { + "id": 11321, + "la": "Quis non dolet interitum talis et civis et viri?", + "en": "Who does not grieve for the destruction of such a man and such a citizen?" + }, + { + "id": 11322, + "la": "At sunt qui dicant, dure illi quidem, sed tamen dicunt, minus dolendum quod ab homine impuro nefarioque non caverit", + "en": "And yet there are those who say (unsympathetically, indeed, but they say it) that our grief should be diminished by the fact that he was not on his guard against a villainous traitor." + }, + { + "id": 11323, + "la": "Etenim qui multorum custodem se profiteatur, eum sapientes sui primum capitis aiunt custodem esse oportere", + "en": "Wise men say that a person who sets himself up as the guardian of many should first of all be the guardian of his own life." + }, + { + "id": 11324, + "la": "Cum saeptus sis legibus et iudiciorum metu, non sunt omnia timenda neque ad omnis insidias praesidia quaerenda", + "en": "When one is protected by laws and the fear of the courts, there is no need to be afraid of everything or to seek defenses against all manner of plots." + }, + { + "id": 11325, + "la": "Quis enim audeat luci, quis in militari via, quis bene comitatum, quis illustrem aggredi?", + "en": "For who would dare to attack a well-known public figure traveling well-attended by daylight on a military highway?" + }, + { + "id": 11326, + "la": "Haec neque hoc tempore neque in me valent Non modo enim poenam non extimescet qui mihi vim attulerit sed etiam gloriam sperabit a latronum gregibus et praemia", + "en": "Such considerations do not apply at this time or in my case.26 Anyone who employs violence against me will not only have no fear of punishment but will even hope for glory and rewards from the robber bands." + }, + { + "id": 11327, + "la": "[11] Haec ego in urbe provideo: facilis est circumspectus unde exeam, quo progrediar, quid ad dexteram, quid ad sinistram sit", + "en": "[11] In Rome I take precautions against this. It is easy to look around, to the rear and to the front, right and left." + }, + { + "id": 11328, + "la": "Num idem in Appennini tramitibus facere potero?", + "en": "Shall I be able to do the same on the paths over the Apennines?" + }, + { + "id": 11329, + "la": "In quibus etiam si non erunt insidiae, quae facillime esse poterunt, animus tamen erit sollicitus, ut nihil possit de officiis legationis attendere", + "en": "Even if there is no ambush, which can very easily take place, my mind will nevertheless be distracted so that it will be unable to attend to the duties of the mission." + }, + { + "id": 11330, + "la": "Sed effugi insidias, perrupi Appenninum: nempe in Antoni congressum colloquiumque veniendum est", + "en": "But imagine I have escaped an attack, forced my way through the Apennines: I must then presumably meet and talk with Antonius." + }, + { + "id": 11331, + "la": "Quinam locus capietur? Si extra castra, ceteri viderint: ego me vix tuto futurum puto", + "en": "What venue, I ask you, will be chosen? If outside the camps, I leave it to others: as for myself, I scarcely think I shall be safe." + }, + { + "id": 11332, + "la": "Novi hominis furorem, novi effrenatam violentiam", + "en": "I know the mans fury, I know his unbridled violence." + }, + { + "id": 11333, + "la": "Cuius acerbitas morum immanitasque naturae ne vino quidem permixta temperari solet, hic ira dementiaque inflammatus adhibito fratre Lucio, taeterrima belua, numquam profecto a me sacrilegas manus atque impias abstinebit", + "en": "His savage ways and natural cruelty are seldom tempered, even when mingled with wine. Ablaze with wrath and madness, with that horrible beast of a brother Lucius at his elbow, he will surely never keep his impious, sacrilegious25 hands off my person." + }, + { + "id": 11334, + "la": "Memini colloquia et cum acerrimis hostibus et cum gravissime dissidentibus civibus", + "en": "I remember parleys both with Romes bitterest foreign27 foes and with fellow countrymen in open revolt." + }, + { + "id": 11335, + "la": "Cn Pompeius Sex f consul me praesente, cum essem tiro in eius exercitu, cum P Vettio Scatone, duce Marsorum, inter bina castra collocutus est: quo quidem memini Sex Pompeium, fratrem consulis, ad colloquium ipsum Roma venire, doctum virum atque sapientem", + "en": "The consul Gnaeus Pompeius, son of Sextus, conferred with Publius Vettius Scato, the Marsian leader, between their two camps in my presence, when I was a recruit in Pompeius army.26 I remember that Sextus Pompeius, the consuls brother, a man of learning and good sense, came down from Rome to take part in the parley." + }, + { + "id": 11336, + "la": "Quem cum Scato salutasset, quem te appellem? inquit", + "en": "When Scato had greeted him, he added: What am I to call you?" + }, + { + "id": 11337, + "la": "At ille: voluntate hospitem, necessitate hostem.", + "en": "And the other replied: Guest-friend by my choosing, enemy by necessity." + }, + { + "id": 11338, + "la": "Erat in illo colloquio aequitas; nullus timor, nulla suberat suspicio, mediocre etiam odium", + "en": "There was fair play at that parley; no covert fear, no suspicion; even the hostility was not extreme." + }, + { + "id": 11339, + "la": "Non enim ut eriperent nobis socii civitatem, sed ut in eam reciperentur petebant", + "en": "Our allies, after all, were not seeking to take our citizenship away from us but to be admitted to a part in it." + }, + { + "id": 11340, + "la": "Sulla cum Scipione inter Cales et Teanum, cum alter nobilitatis florem, alter belli socios adhibuisset, de auctoritate senatus, de suffragiis populi, de iure civitatis leges inter se condiciones contulerunt", + "en": "Sulla and Scipio met between Cales and Teanum,27 one with the flower of the nobility at his side, the other with his wartime allies, to discuss terms and conditions relating to the authority of the senate, the votes of the people, and the right of citizenship." + }, + { + "id": 11341, + "la": "Non tenuit omnino colloquium illud fidem: a vi tamen periculoque afuit", + "en": "Faith was not kept at that conference, it is true, but there was no violence or danger.28" + }, + { + "id": 11342, + "la": "[12] Possumusne igitur in Antoni latrocinio aeque esse tuti?", + "en": "[12] Can we be equally safe in the midst of Antonius brigand band?" + }, + { + "id": 11343, + "la": "Non possumus; aut, si ceteri possunt, me posse diffido", + "en": "We cannot; or if others can, I do not believe I can." + }, + { + "id": 11344, + "la": "Quod si non extra castra congrediemur, quae ad colloquium castra sumentur?", + "en": "But if we do not meet outside the camps, which camp28 will be chosen for the parley?" + }, + { + "id": 11345, + "la": "In nostra ille numquam veniet; multo minus nos in illius", + "en": "He will never come into ours; much less we into his." + }, + { + "id": 11346, + "la": "Reliquum est ut et accipiantur et remittantur postulata per litteras", + "en": "There remains the possibility of receiving and returning demands by letter." + }, + { + "id": 11347, + "la": "Ergo erimus in castris, meaque ad omnia postulata una sententia; quam cum hic vobis audientibus dixero, isse [et] redisse me putatote: legationem confecero", + "en": "Well then, we shall be in camp, and I shall have only one opinion in reply to all his demands, and when I tell you who are listening to me here what it is, picture in your mind that I have gone and come back: I shall have discharged the mission." + }, + { + "id": 11348, + "la": "Omnia ad senatum mea sententia reiciam, quaecumque postulabit Antonius", + "en": "I shall be for referring all Antonius demands to the senate, whatever their nature." + }, + { + "id": 11349, + "la": "Neque enim licet aliter neque permissum est nobis ab hoc ordine, ut bellis confectis decem legatis permitti solet more maiorum, neque ulla omnino a senatu mandata accepimus", + "en": "That is the only permissible course; we have not received discretion from this body, such as is wont to be given by traditional custom to delegations of ten after the conclusion of a war; nor have we received any mandates whatsoever from the senate." + }, + { + "id": 11350, + "la": "Quae cum agam in consilio non ullis, ut arbitror, repugnantibus, nonne metuendum est ne imperita militum multitudo per me pacem distineri putet?", + "en": "When I take this line in council, probably against some opposition, is there not a danger that the mass of uninstructed soldiery will think I am obstructing a peace?" + }, + { + "id": 11351, + "la": "Facite hoc meum consilium legiones novas non improbare; nam Martiam et quartam nihil cogitantis praeter dignitatem et decus comprobaturas esse certo scio", + "en": "Suppose the new legions29 do not disapprove of this advice of mine'for I am sure that the Martian and Fourth, who have no thought but of honor and glory, will approve of it'" + }, + { + "id": 11352, + "la": "Quid veteranos? Non veremur'nam timeri se ne ipsi quidem volunt'quonam modo accipiant severitatem meam?", + "en": "what of the veterans? Have we no apprehensions'they themselves indeed have no wish to be feared'as to how they will take my hard line?" + }, + { + "id": 11353, + "la": "Multa enim falsa de me audierunt, multa ad eos improbi detulerunt; quorum commoda, ut vos optimi testes estis, semper ego sententia, auctoritate, oratione firmavi: sed credunt improbis, credunt turbulentis, credunt suis", + "en": "They have heard many untruths about me; unscrupulous persons have told them many tales, though as you are best able to testify, I have always upheld their benefits by means of my proposals, my influence, and my speeches." + }, + { + "id": 11354, + "la": "Sunt autem fortes illi quidem, sed propter memoriam rerum quas gesserunt pro populi Romani libertate et salute rei publicae nimis feroces et ad suam vim omnia nostra consilia revocantes", + "en": "But they believe the unscrupulous persons, they believe the troublemakers, they believe the members of their own side. Moreover, they are brave men to be sure, but the memory of what they have done for the freedom of the Roman people and the survival of the Republic29 makes them overbearing and inclined to regard their force as arbiter in all our decisions." + }, + { + "id": 11355, + "la": "Horum ego cogitationem non vereor; impetum pertimesco", + "en": "I am not afraid of their considered views,30 but I dread their impetuosity." + }, + { + "id": 11356, + "la": "Haec quoque tanta pericula si effugero, satisne tutum reditum putatis fore?", + "en": "If I escape also these grave dangers, do you think my return will be sufficiently safe?" + }, + { + "id": 11357, + "la": "Cum enim et vestram auctoritatem meo more defendero et meam fidem rei publicae constantiamque praestitero, tum erunt mihi non ei solum qui me oderunt sed illi etiam qui invident extimescendi", + "en": "For when I have defended your authority in my usual way and kept my faith resolutely with the Republic, I shall have to fear not only those who hate me but also those who are jealous of me." + }, + { + "id": 11358, + "la": "Custodiatur igitur vita mea rei publicae eaque, quoad vel dignitas vel natura patietur, patriae reservetur; mors aut[em] necessitatem habeat fati aut, si ante oppetenda est, oppetatur cum gloria", + "en": "Therefore let my life be safeguarded for the benefit of the Republic and reserved for our native land, so long as honor and nature allow. Let my death either come by natural necessity,30 or, if it must be met sooner, let it be met gloriously." + }, + { + "id": 11359, + "la": "Haec cum ita sint, etsi hanc legationem res publica, ut levissime dicam, non desiderat, tamen si tuto licebit ire, proficiscar", + "en": "In these circumstances, although the Republic, to put it very mildly, does not need this embassy, nevertheless I shall go, if I shall be able to do so safely." + }, + { + "id": 11360, + "la": "Omnino, patres conscripti, totum huiusce rei consilium non periculo meo, sed utilitate rei publicae metiar", + "en": "In weighing this whole question, Members of the Senate, I shall adopt as my sole criterion the advantage of the Republic, not my personal risk." + }, + { + "id": 11361, + "la": "De qua mihi quoniam liberum est spatium, multum etiam atque etiam considerandum puto idque potissimum faciendum quod maxime interesse rei publicae iudicaro", + "en": "And since I have plenty of time, I am of the opinion that I must give much further consideration to the matter and do most of all whatever I shall judge to be in the best interest of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11362, + "la": "[1] A principio huius belli, patres conscripti, quod cum impiis civibus consceleratisque suscepimus, timui ne condicio insidiosa pacis libertatis recuperandae studia restingueret", + "en": "[1] From the outset of this war, Members of the Senate,1 which we have undertaken against traitorous and wicked citizens, I have been afraid that a seductive proposal of peace might quell enthusiasm for the recovery of freedom." + }, + { + "id": 11363, + "la": "Dulce enim etiam nomen est pacis, res vero ipsa cum iucunda tum salutaris", + "en": "Even the name of peace is sweet; the reality is beneficial, as well as agreeable." + }, + { + "id": 11364, + "la": "Nam nec privatos focos nec publicas leges videtur nec libertatis iura cara habere quem discordiae, quem caedes civium, quem bellum civile delectat, eumque ex numero hominum eiciendum, ex finibus humanae naturae exterminandum puto", + "en": "For a man who delights in strife and the slaughter of his countrymen and civil war surely holds dear neither private hearths nor public laws nor the rights of liberty.1 Such a man, I think, ought to be excluded from membership in the human race, banished beyond the confines of human nature." + }, + { + "id": 11365, + "la": "Itaque sive Sulla sive Marius sive uterque sive Octavius sive Cinna sive iterum Sulla sive alter Marius et Carbo sive qui alius civile bellum optavit, eum detestabilem civem rei publicae natum iudico", + "en": "Whoever has desired civil war, be it Sulla or Marius or both, be it Octavius or Cinna, be it Sulla a second time or the other Marius and Carbo,2 or anyone else, I hold him a citizen born accursed to the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11366, + "la": "Nam quid ego de proximo dicam cuius acta defendimus, auctorem ipsum iure caesum fatemur?", + "en": "Why should I speak of the latest example, a man whose acts2 we defend while admitting that their author was justly slain.3" + }, + { + "id": 11367, + "la": "Nihil igitur hoc cive, nihil hoc homine taetrius, si aut civis aut homo habendus est, qui civile bellum concupiscit", + "en": "There is no fouler thing than such a citizen, such a man, if he is to be deemed a citizen or a man, who desires a civil war." + }, + { + "id": 11368, + "la": "Sed hoc primum videndum est, patres conscripti, cum omnibusne pax esse possit an sit aliquod bellum inexpiabile, in quo pactio pacis lex sit servitutis", + "en": "But one point has to be considered at the outset, Members of the Senate: is peace with all men possible, or is there such a thing as an inexpiable war, in which a pact of peace is a prescription for slavery?" + }, + { + "id": 11369, + "la": "Pacem cum Scipione Sulla sive faciebat sive simulabat, non erat desperandum, si convenisset, fore aliquem tolerabilem statum civitatis", + "en": "When Sulla tried, or pretended to try, to make peace with Scipio,4 it was not unreasonable to hope that if they came to terms a tolerable state of the community would emerge." + }, + { + "id": 11370, + "la": "Cinna si concordiam cum Octavio confirmare voluisset, [hominum] in re publica sanitas remanere potuisset", + "en": "If Cinna had been willing to come to an agreement with Octavius,5 the Republic might have retained some degree of health." + }, + { + "id": 11371, + "la": "Proximo bello si aliquid de summa gravitate Pompeius, multum de cupiditate Caesar remisisset, et pacem stabilem et aliquam rem publicam nobis habere licuisset", + "en": "In the latest war, if Pompeius had been a little less stiffly steadfast and Caesar a great deal less greedy, we could have had a stable peace and some semblance of a Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11372, + "la": "[2] Hoc vero quid est? Cum Antoniis pax potest esse?", + "en": "[2] But what of the present? Can there be peace with the Antonii?" + }, + { + "id": 11373, + "la": "Cum Censorino, Ventidio, Trebellio, Bestia, Nucula, Munatio, Lentone, Saxa?", + "en": "Or with Censorinus, Ventidius, Trebellius, Bestia, Nucula, Munatius, Lento, Saxa?" + }, + { + "id": 11374, + "la": "Exempli causa paucos nominavi: genus infinitum immanitatemque ipsi cernitis reliquorum", + "en": "I have named a few as examples; you see for yourself the endless number and the savagery of the rest." + }, + { + "id": 11375, + "la": "Addite illa naufragia Caesaris amicorum, Barbas Cassios, Barbatios Polliones; addite Antoni collusores et sodalis, Eutrapelum, Melam Pontium, Caelium, Crassicium, Tironem, Mustelam, Petusium: comitatum relinquo, duces nomino", + "en": "Add the flotsam of Caesars3 friends, a Barba Cassius, a Barbatius Pollio, add Antonius gambling partners and cronies, Eutrapelus, Mela Pontius,6 Caelius, Crassicius, Tiro, Mustela, Petusius: I name only the captains; the rank and file I leave out of account." + }, + { + "id": 11376, + "la": "Huc accedunt Alaudae ceterique veterani, seminarium iudicum decuriae tertiae, qui suis rebus exhaustis, beneficiis Caesaris devoratis, fortunas nostras concupiverunt", + "en": "After these come the Larks and the rest of the veterans, the seedbed of jurymen of the third panel,7 who, after running through their own property and devouring Caesars bounties, have cast covetous eyes on our possessions." + }, + { + "id": 11377, + "la": "O fidam dexteram Antoni qua ille plurimos civis trucidavit, o ratum religiosumque foedus quod cum Antoniis fecerimus!", + "en": "Trusty indeed is Antonius right hand, the hand which4 has slaughtered so many of our countrymen! Binding and sacred indeed will be the treaty we make with the Antonii!" + }, + { + "id": 11378, + "la": "Hoc si Marcus violare conabitur, Luci eum sanctitas a scelere revocabit", + "en": "Should Marcus try to break it, the virtuous Lucius will call him back from such a crime." + }, + { + "id": 11379, + "la": "Illis locus si in hac urbe fuerit, ipsi urbi locus non erit", + "en": "If there is to be a place for those people here in Rome, there will be no place for Rome itself." + }, + { + "id": 11380, + "la": "Ora vobis eorum ponite ante oculos et maxime Antoniorum, incessum, aspectum, vultum, spiritum, latera tegentis alios, alios praegredientis amicos", + "en": "Picture to yourselves their faces, above all those of the Antonii, their gait, appearance, expression, disposition, and their friends, some covering their flanks, others walking in front." + }, + { + "id": 11381, + "la": "Quem vini anhelitum, quas contumelias fore censetis minasque verborum!", + "en": "Imagine the reek of wine, the abusive, threatening language." + }, + { + "id": 11382, + "la": "Nisi forte eos pax ipsa leniet maximeque, cum in hunc ordinem venerint, salutabunt benigne, comiter appellabunt unum quemque nostrum", + "en": "Or will the very fact of peace perhaps mollify them? In particular, when they come into this body, will they have a friendly greeting, a pleasant word for each of us?" + }, + { + "id": 11383, + "la": "[3] Non recordamini, per deos immortalis, quas in eos sententias dixeritis?", + "en": "[3] By the immortal gods, dont you5 remember the votes you cast against them?" + }, + { + "id": 11384, + "la": "Acta M Antoni rescidistis; leges refixistis; per vim et contra auspicia latas decrevistis; totius Italiae dilectus excitavistis; collegam et scelerum socium omnium hostem iudicavistis", + "en": "You rescinded Marcus Antonius acts, tore down his laws, decreed that they had been passed by violence and contrary to the auspices; you raised levies all over Italy; you declared his colleague, the partner in all his crimes, a public enemy." + }, + { + "id": 11385, + "la": "Cum hoc quae pax potest esse? Hostis si esset externus, id ipsum vix talibus factis, sed posset aliquo modo", + "en": "What peace can there be with him? If he were a foreign enemy, such a thing would scarcely be possible after such doings, but it could be carried off somehow or other." + }, + { + "id": 11386, + "la": "Maria, montes, regionum magnitudines interessent; odisses eum quem non videres", + "en": "There would be seas, mountains, wide tracts of land to separate us. One would hate him without seeing him." + }, + { + "id": 11387, + "la": "Hi in oculis haerebunt et, cum licebit, in faucibus; quibus enim saeptis tam immanis beluas continebimus? At incertus exitus belli", + "en": "But these fellows will cling to our sight and, when they get the chance, be at our throats. For with what cages shall we confine such monstrous beasts? But still, uncertain is the issue of the war." + }, + { + "id": 11388, + "la": "Est omnino fortium virorum, quales vos esse debetis, virtutem praestare'tantum enim possunt'fortunae culpam non extimescere", + "en": "It is entirely the place of brave men, such as you should be, to do their best'they can do no more'and not to fear what is Fortunes fault." + }, + { + "id": 11389, + "la": "Sed quoniam ab hoc ordine non fortitudo solum verum etiam sapientia postulatur'quamquam vix videntur haec posse seiungi, seiungamus tamen'fortitudo dimicare iubet, iustum odium incendit, ad confligendum impellit, vocat ad periculum: quid sapientia?", + "en": "But since not only courage but wisdom too is6 demanded from this body'the two seem hardly separable, but let us separate them all the same'well, courage commands us to fight, kindles just hatred in our hearts, urges us to contend, summons us to danger. And what does wisdom do?" + }, + { + "id": 11390, + "la": "Cautioribus utitur consiliis, in posterum providet, est omni ratione tectior", + "en": "She employs more cautious counsels, she looks ahead to consequences, she is altogether more guarded." + }, + { + "id": 11391, + "la": "Quid igitur censet? Parendum est enim atque id optimum iudicandum quod sit sapientissime constitutum", + "en": "What, then, is her advice? For it must be obeyed; the wisest decision is to be judged the best." + }, + { + "id": 11392, + "la": "Si hoc praecipit ne quid vita existimem antiquius, ne decernam capitis periculo, fugiam omne discrimen, quaeram ex ea: Etiamne, si erit, cum id fecero, serviendum?", + "en": "If she instructs me to deem nothing more important than life, not to risk my life in perilous battle, to shun all danger, I shall ask her a question: Even if, having done all this, I am to be a slave?" + }, + { + "id": 11393, + "la": "Si adnuerit, ne ego sapientiam istam, quamvis sit erudita, non audiam", + "en": "If she nods assent, then I for one shall refuse to listen to that wisdom, whatever her learning." + }, + { + "id": 11394, + "la": "Sin responderit: Tu vero ita vitam corpusque servato, ita fortunas, ita rem familiarem, ut haec libertate posteriora ducas itaque his uti velis, si libera re publica possis, nec pro his libertatem, sed pro libertate haec proicias tamquam pignora iniuriae , tum sapientiae vocem audire videar eique uti deo paream", + "en": "But if she replies: No. Preserve your life and body, your fortunes and property, but only as valuing them less than freedom and as desiring to enjoy them only if you can do so in a free Republic, and do not sacrifice liberty in exchange for those things but them for liberty, regarding them as pledges exposed to ill-usage,8 then I would think I am hearing the voice of wisdom and would obey as I would obey a god." + }, + { + "id": 11395, + "la": "Itaque si receptis illis esse possumus liberi, vincamus odium pacemque patiamur; sin otium incolumibus eis esse nullum potest, laetemur decertandi oblatam esse fortunam", + "en": "Therefore, if we can take those people back and still be7 free, let us conquer our hatred and put up with peace. But if there can be no quiet in the community if they are part of it, let us rejoice that we have been given the opportunity to fight it out." + }, + { + "id": 11396, + "la": "Aut enim interfectis illis fruemur victrice re publica aut oppressi'quod omen avertat Iuppiter!'si non spiritu, at virtutis laude vivemus", + "en": "For either they will be killed and we shall enjoy a victorious Republic or, if overwhelmed'may Jupiter avert the omen!'we shall live, if not with breath, yet with the glory of valor." + }, + { + "id": 11397, + "la": "[4] At enim nos M Lepidus, imperator iterum, pontifex maximus, optime proximo civili bello de re publica meritus, ad pacem adhortatur", + "en": "[4] But we are being urged to make peace by Marcus Lepidus, imperator for the second time, pontifex maximus, who has deserved excellently of the Republic in the most recent civil war.9" + }, + { + "id": 11398, + "la": "Nullius apud me, patres conscripti, auctoritas maior est quam M Lepidi vel propter ipsius virtutem vel propter familiae dignitatem", + "en": "No mans authority, Members of the Senate, stands higher with me than that of Marcus Lepidus whether by reason of his own worth or the dignity of his family." + }, + { + "id": 11399, + "la": "Accedunt eodem multa privata magna eius in me merita, mea quaedam officia in illum", + "en": "Added to these considerations are his many great private services to me and certain good offices of mine to him." + }, + { + "id": 11400, + "la": "Maximum vero eius beneficium numero quod hoc animo in rem publicam est, quae mihi vita mea semper fuit carior", + "en": "But I count it as his greatest benefaction that he feels as he does toward the Republic, which has always been more dear to me than my own life." + }, + { + "id": 11401, + "la": "Nam cum Magnum Pompeium, clarissimum adulescentem, praestantissimi viri filium, auctoritate adduxit ad pacem remque publicam sine armis maximo civilis belli periculo liberavit, tum me eius beneficio plus quam pro virili parte obligatum putavi", + "en": "For when Lepidus by8 means of the weight of his prestige induced young Magnus Pompeius, the illustrious son of so eminent a father, to accept peace and so delivered the Republic without a sword drawn from a very grave threat of civil war, I then conceived myself under more than my individual share of obligation for the benefit received from him." + }, + { + "id": 11402, + "la": "Itaque et honores ei decrevi quos potui amplissimos, in quibus mihi vos estis adsensi, nec umquam de illo et sperare optime et loqui destiti", + "en": "Accordingly I proposed for Lepidus the most ample honors I could, in respect to which you gave me your assent;11 nor have I ever ceased both to hope and to speak of him in the highest terms." + }, + { + "id": 11403, + "la": "Magnis et multis pignoribus M Lepidum res publica illigatum tenet", + "en": "The Republic holds Marcus Lepidus bound to it by many great pledges." + }, + { + "id": 11404, + "la": "Summa nobilitas est, omnes honores, amplissimum sacerdotium, plurima urbis ornamenta, ipsius, fratris maiorumque monumenta; probatissima uxor, optatissimi liberi, res familiaris cum ampla tum casta a cruore civili", + "en": "His birth is of the highest, he has passed through the gamut of offices, he holds the most elevated priesthood, and many adornments of Rome commemorate him, his brother, and their ancestors;12 his wife is greatly respected, his children are all that could be desired, his wealth is ample and untainted by civil bloodshed." + }, + { + "id": 11405, + "la": "Nemo ab eo civis violatus, multi eius beneficio et misericordia liberati", + "en": "No fellow countryman has been harmed by him; many have been rescued by his kindness and compassion." + }, + { + "id": 11406, + "la": "Talis igitur vir et civis opinione labi potest, voluntate a re publica dissidere nullo pacto potest", + "en": "Such a man and such a citizen can make an error of judgment, but in his sympathies he cannot by any manner of means be at variance with the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11407, + "la": "Pacem vult M Lepidus Praeclare, si talem potest efficere qualem nuper effecit, qua pace Cn Pompei filium res publica aspiciet suoque sinu complexuque recipiet, neque solum illum, sed cum illo se ipsam sibi restitutam putabit", + "en": "Marcus Lepidus wants peace. Admirable, if he can9 make peace of the sort he has recently made, whereby the Republic will see and take into her arms the son of Gnaeus Pompeius, and not him alone: she will deem that along with him she has experienced her own restoration." + }, + { + "id": 11408, + "la": "Haec causa fuit cur decerneretis statuam in rostris cum inscriptione praeclara, cur absenti triumphum", + "en": "This was the reason why you voted him a statue on the Rostra with a splendid inscription and a triumph in absentia." + }, + { + "id": 11409, + "la": "Quamquam enim magnas res bellicas gesserat et triumpho dignas, non erat tamen ei tribuendum quod nec L Aemilio nec Aemiliano Scipioni nec superiori Africano nec Mario nec Pompeio, qui maiora bella gesserunt; sed quod silentio bellum civile confecerat, cum primum licuit, honores in eum maximos contulistis", + "en": "He had indeed achieved important military successes worthy of a triumph, but that did not warrant our granting to him what was not granted to Lucius Aemilius or to Aemilianus Scipio or to the elder Africanus or to Marius or to Pompeius, men who conducted greater wars.13 But because he had brought a civil war to a conclusion without an uproar, you conferred the greatest honors upon him at the first opportunity." + }, + { + "id": 11410, + "la": "[5] Existimasne igitur, M Lepide, qualem Pompeium res publica habitura sit civem, talis futuros in re publica Antonios?", + "en": "[5] Well, Marcus Lepidus, do you expect10 the Antonii to be such citizens in the Republic as the Republic will have in Sextus Pompeius?" + }, + { + "id": 11411, + "la": "In altero pudor, gravitas, moderatio, integritas; in illis'et cum hos compello, praetereo animo ex grege latrocini neminem'libidines, scelera, ad omne facinus immanis audacia", + "en": "In him is modesty, responsibility, moderation, integrity; in them'and when I name them, I mentally include every member of that robber band'are lusts, crimes, monstrous audacity stopping at nothing." + }, + { + "id": 11412, + "la": "Deinde vos obsecro, patres conscripti, quis hoc vestrum non videt quod Fortuna ipsa quae dicitur caeca vidit?", + "en": "Next, I beg you, Members of the Senate: which of you does not see what Fortune herself has seen,14 who is said to be blind?" + }, + { + "id": 11413, + "la": "Salvis enim actis Caesaris, quae concordiae causa defendimus, Pompeio sua domus patebit, eamque non minoris quam emit Antonius redimet; redimet, inquam, Cn Pompei domum filius", + "en": "With no violation of Caesars acts, which we defend for the sake of concord, Pompeius own house will lie open to him, and he will repurchase it for not less than Antonius paid for it. I repeat, Gnaeus Pompeius son will repurchase his fathers house." + }, + { + "id": 11414, + "la": "O rem acerbam! Sed haec satis diu multumque defleta sunt", + "en": "A bitter thought! But enough tears, and for long enough, have been shed over these things." + }, + { + "id": 11415, + "la": "Decrevistis tantam pecuniam Pompeio quantam ex bonis patriis in praedae dissipatione inimicus victor redegisset", + "en": "You voted Sextus Pompeius a sum of money equal to that which his fathers property realized for his victorious enemy15 in the dispersal of the plunder." + }, + { + "id": 11416, + "la": "Sed hanc mihi dispensationem pro paterna necessitudine et coniunctione deposco: redimet hortos, aedis, urbana quaedam quae possidet Antonius", + "en": "But I11 claim for myself the management of this matter in virtue of my friendship and close association with his father. Pompeius will repurchase the suburban estate, the town house, and certain urban properties now occupied by Antonius." + }, + { + "id": 11417, + "la": "Nam argentum, vestem, supellectilem, vinum amittet aequo animo, quae ille helluo dissipavit", + "en": "As for the silverplate, fabrics, furniture, and wine which that wastrel has squandered, Pompeius will take their loss philosophically." + }, + { + "id": 11418, + "la": "Albanum, Formianum a Dolabella recuperabit; etiam ab Antonio Tusculanum; eique qui nunc Mutinam oppugnant, D Brutum obsident, de Falerno Anseres depellentur", + "en": "He will recover the villas at Alba and Formiae from Dolabella and the villa at Tusculum, again, from Antonius. The Ansers,16 who are now attacking Mutina and blockading Decimus Brutus, will be ousted from the Falernian property." + }, + { + "id": 11419, + "la": "Sunt alii plures fortasse, sed mea memoria dilabuntur", + "en": "There are quite a few others, perhaps, but they escape my memory." + }, + { + "id": 11420, + "la": "Ego etiam eos dico qui hostium numero non sunt Pompeianas possessiones quanti emerint filio reddituros", + "en": "I also declare that those who are not in the number of our enemies will restore Pompeius possessions to his son at the price they paid for them." + }, + { + "id": 11421, + "la": "Satis inconsiderati fuit, ne dicam audacis, rem ullam ex illis attingere; retinere vero quis poterit clarissimo domino restituto?", + "en": "It was inconsiderate enough, not to say audacious,12 to touch any one of those items; yet who will have the effrontery to hold on to such after the restoration of its illustrious owner?" + }, + { + "id": 11422, + "la": "An is non reddet qui domini patrimonium circumplexus quasi thesaurum draco, Pompei servus, libertus Caesaris, agri Lucani possessiones occupavit?", + "en": "There is a former slave of Gnaeus Pompeius and freedman of Caesars17 who has taken possession of lands in Lucania, coiled round his masters property like a dragon around a treasure: will he not give it back?" + }, + { + "id": 11423, + "la": "Atque illud bis miliens, quod adulescenti, patres conscripti, spopondistis, ita discribetur ut videatur a vobis Cn Pompei filius in patrimonio suo collocatus", + "en": "And that two hundred million,18 which you have promised the young man, Members of the Senate, will be so disposed that Gnaeus Pompeius son will be seen to have been established by you in his own patrimony." + }, + { + "id": 11424, + "la": "Haec senatus: reliqua populus Romanus in ea familia quam vidit amplissimam persequetur, in primis paternum auguratus locum, in quem ego eum, ut quod a patre accepi filio reddam, mea nominatione cooptabo", + "en": "This much the senate will do. The Roman people will attend to the rest in the case of the most illustrious family it has ever seen:19 first and foremost, his fathers place in the College of Augurs, into which I shall co-opt him by my nomination, thus returning to the son what I received from the father.20" + }, + { + "id": 11425, + "la": "Utrum igitur augurem Iuppiter Optimus Maximus cuius interpretes internuntiique constituti sumus, utrum populus Romanus libentius sanciet, Pompeiumne an Antonium?", + "en": "So which of these two will Jupiter Best and Greatest, of whom we augurs have been constituted interpreters and intermediaries, which of them will the Roman people more willingly ratify as augur, Pompeius or Antonius?" + }, + { + "id": 11426, + "la": "Mihi quidem numine deorum immortalium videtur hoc Fortuna voluisse, ut actis Caesaris firmis ac ratis Cn Pompei filius posset et dignitatem et fortunas patrias recuperare", + "en": "For my part, I think it is by the will of the immortal gods that Fortune has chosen to allow the son of Gnaeus Pompeius to recover his fathers dignity and possessions while Caesars acts remain firmly established." + }, + { + "id": 11427, + "la": "[6] Ac ne illud quidem silentio, patres conscripti, praetereundum puto quod clarissimi viri legati, L Paulus, Q Thermus, C Fannius, quorum habetis cognitam voluntatem in rem publicam eamque perpetuam atque constantem, nuntiant se Pompei conveniendi causa devertisse Massiliam eumque cognovisse paratissimo animo ut cum suis copiis iret ad Mutinam, ni vereretur ne veteranorum animos offenderet", + "en": "[6] There is another point, Members of the Senate,13 which I think should not be passed over in silence. Our illustrious envoys, Lucius Paullus, Quintus Thermus, and Gaius Fannius, whose unflagging, steadfast patriotism you know well, report that they stopped along the way at Massilia21 in order to meet with Pompeius and found him perfectly ready to go to Mutina with his forces, if he were not afraid of offending the veterans." + }, + { + "id": 11428, + "la": "Est vero eius patris filius qui sapienter faciebat non minus multa quam fortiter", + "en": "Truly he is the son of his father, whose acts of wisdom were no less numerous than his acts of valor." + }, + { + "id": 11429, + "la": "Itaque intellegitis et animum ei praesto fuisse nec consilium defuisse", + "en": "So you see that his courage was ready and his discretion did not fail him." + }, + { + "id": 11430, + "la": "Atque etiam hoc M Lepido providendum est, ne quid adrogantius quam eius mores ferunt facere videatur", + "en": "Moreover, Marcus Lepidus should guard against the appearance of behaving with an arrogance that is out of character." + }, + { + "id": 11431, + "la": "Si enim nos exercitu terret, non meminit illum exercitum senatus populique Romani atque universae rei publicae esse, non suum", + "en": "If he seeks to intimidate us with his army, he forgets14 that that army belongs to the senate and the people of Rome and the entire Republic, not to him personally." + }, + { + "id": 11432, + "la": "At uti potest pro suo Quid tum? Omniane bonis viris quae facere possunt facienda sunt? Etiamne si turpia, si perniciosa erunt, si facere omnino non licebit? Quid autem turpius aut foedius aut quod minus deceat quam contra senatum, contra civis, contra patriam exercitum ducere? Quid vero magis vituperandum quam id facere quod non liceat? Licet autem nemini contra patriam ducere exercitum, si quidem licere id dicimus quod legibus, quod more maiorum institutisque conceditur Neque enim, quod quisque potest, id ei licet, nec, si non obstatur, propterea etiam permittitur", + "en": "Ah, but he can use it as though it did belong to him personally. What then? Are upright men to do all things that lie in their power, even things dishonorable and destructive, even things quite impermissible? What can be more dishonorable and ugly and unseemly than to lead an army against the senate and ones fellow countrymen and ones native land? And what is more blameworthy than to do the impermissible? Now to no one is it permitted to lead an army against his native land, if indeed by permitted we mean what is allowed by laws and by the customs and institutions of our ancestors. It is not permissible for a man to do everything he is able to do; and even if no opposition is put in his way, it does not follow that he is allowed." + }, + { + "id": 11433, + "la": "Tibi enim exercitum, Lepide, tamquam maioribus tuis patria pro se dedit", + "en": "To you, Lepidus, your native land has given an army, just as she did to your ancestors, for her own benefit." + }, + { + "id": 11434, + "la": "Hoc tu arcebis hostem, finis imperi propagabis: senatui populoque Romano parebis, si quam ad aliam rem te forte traduxerit", + "en": "With it you will ward off the enemy and extend the boundaries of empire. You will obey the senate and people of Rome, if they happen to transfer you to some other assignment." + }, + { + "id": 11435, + "la": "[7] Haec si cogitas, es M Lepidus, pontifex maximus, M Lepidi, pontificis maximi, pronepos; sin hominibus tantum licere iudicas quantum possunt, vide ne alienis exemplis eisque recentibus uti quam et antiquis et domesticis malle videare", + "en": "[7] If you think along these lines, you are Marcus Lepidus,15 pontifex maximus, great-grandson of Marcus Lepidus, pontifex maximus. But if you judge that people are permitted to do anything they have the power to do, consider lest you seem to be preferring to follow recent precedents drawn from outside your family rather than ancient and familial ones.22" + }, + { + "id": 11436, + "la": "Quod si auctoritatem interponis sine armis, magis equidem laudo, sed vide ne hoc ipsum non sit necesse", + "en": "If, however, you are bringing into play the respect in which you are held without any implication of armed force, the more credit to you, say I; but consider whether even this very act is unnecessary." + }, + { + "id": 11437, + "la": "Quamquam enim est tanta in te auctoritas quanta debet in homine nobilissimo, tamen senatus se ipse non contemnit, nec vero fuit umquam gravior, constantior, fortior", + "en": "Granted you enjoy all the respect that is due to your exalted birth, nevertheless, the senate does not undervalue itself, nor indeed was it ever more dignified, resolute, and courageous." + }, + { + "id": 11438, + "la": "Incensi omnes rapimur ad libertatem recuperandam", + "en": "Our fiery enthusiasm for the recovery of liberty sweeps us onward," + }, + { + "id": 11439, + "la": "Non potest ullius auctoritate tantus senatus populique Romani ardor exstingui", + "en": "nor can the passionate ardor of the senate and people of Rome be quelled by respect for any man." + }, + { + "id": 11440, + "la": "Odimus, irati pugnamus; extorqueri manibus arma non possunt; receptui signum aut revocationem a bello audire non possumus; speramus optima, pati vel difficillima malumus quam servire", + "en": "We hate, we fight, roused to anger.23 Our arms cannot be wrenched out of our hands. We cannot hear a signal for retreat, a recall from battle. We hope for the best, but would rather suffer any extremity than be slaves." + }, + { + "id": 11441, + "la": "Caesar confecit invictum exercitum; duo fortissimi consules adsunt cum copiis; L Planci, consulis designati, varia et magna auxilia non desunt; in D Bruti salute certatur;", + "en": "Caesar has raised an16 army which has never known defeat. Two very valiant consuls and the forces they command are with him. Large subsidiary forces of various kinds under consul-elect Lucius Plancus are not wanting. The struggle is for the survival of Decimus Brutus." + }, + { + "id": 11442, + "la": "unus furiosus gladiator cum taeterrimorum latronum manu contra patriam, contra deos penatis, contra aras et focos, contra quattuor consules gerit bellum", + "en": "A single frantic gladiator with a band of horrible brigands makes war upon our native land, upon our household gods, upon our altars and hearths, upon four consuls.24" + }, + { + "id": 11443, + "la": "Huic cedamus, huius condiciones audiamus, cum hoc pacem fieri posse credamus?", + "en": "Are we to yield to him? Are we to listen to his terms? Are we to believe it possible for peace to be made with him?" + }, + { + "id": 11444, + "la": "[8] At periculum est ne opprimamur", + "en": "[8] Still, it may be urged that there is a danger of our being overwhelmed." + }, + { + "id": 11445, + "la": "Non metuo ne is qui suis amplissimis fortunis nisi bonis salvis frui non potest prodat salutem suam", + "en": "I am not afraid that one who cannot enjoy his own ample fortunes if honest men perish will betray his own welfare.25" + }, + { + "id": 11446, + "la": "Bonos civis primum natura efficit, adiuvat deinde Fortuna", + "en": "Good citizens are made in the first place by nature, then are aided by Fortune." + }, + { + "id": 11447, + "la": "Omnibus enim bonis expedit salvam esse rem publicam, sed in eis qui fortunati sunt magis id apparet", + "en": "For while the wellbeing of the Republic is to the advantage of all honest men, that is more obviously the case with the fortunate among them." + }, + { + "id": 11448, + "la": "Quis fortunatior Lepido, ut ante dixi, quis eodem sanior?", + "en": "As I have already observed, who is more fortunate17 than Lepidus, who of sounder mind than he?" + }, + { + "id": 11449, + "la": "Vidit eius maestitiam atque lacrimas populus Romanus Lupercalibus; vidit quam abiectus, quam confectus esset, cum Caesari diadema imponens Antonius servum se illius quam collegam esse malebat", + "en": "The Roman people saw his distress, his tears, at the Lupercalia, saw how cast down, how crushed he was when Antonius tried to put the diadem on Caesar and preferred to be Caesars slave than his colleague." + }, + { + "id": 11450, + "la": "Qui si reliquis flagitiis et sceleribus abstinere potuisset, tamen unum ob hoc factum dignum illum omni poena putarem", + "en": "Even if Antonius had been able to hold back from his other infamies and crimes, I should still count him deserving of every punishment because of this one act." + }, + { + "id": 11451, + "la": "Nam si ipse servire poterat, nobis dominum cur imponebat?", + "en": "For if he found slavery bearable for himself, why foist a master on us?" + }, + { + "id": 11452, + "la": "Et si eius pueritia pertulerat libidines eorum qui erant in eum tyranni, etiamne in nostros liberos dominum et tyrannum compararet?", + "en": "If in his boyhood days he endured the lusts of those who tyrannized over him, was he also to produce a master and tyrant over our children?" + }, + { + "id": 11453, + "la": "Itaque illo interfecto qualem in nos eum esse voluit, talis ipse in ceteros exstitit", + "en": "And so, when Caesar was killed, Antonius became to the rest of the community what he wanted Caesar to be to us." + }, + { + "id": 11454, + "la": "Qua enim barbaria quisquam tam taeter, tam crudelis tyrannus quam in hac urbe armis barbarorum stipatus Antonius?", + "en": "In what barbarous land was there ever so grim and18 cruel a tyrant as was Antonius in Rome, surrounded by armed barbarians?" + }, + { + "id": 11455, + "la": "Caesare dominante veniebamus in senatum, si non libere, at tamen tuto", + "en": "Under Caesars despotism we used to come to the senate in safety, if not in freedom." + }, + { + "id": 11456, + "la": "Hoc archipirata'quid enim dicam tyranno?'haec subsellia ab Ituraeis occupabantur", + "en": "With this pirate chief (tyrant is too good for him) these benches were occupied by Ituraeans." + }, + { + "id": 11457, + "la": "Prorupit subito Brundisium ut inde agmine quadrato ad urbem accederet;", + "en": "Suddenly he burst forth to Brundisium intending to march from there on Rome in battle array." + }, + { + "id": 11458, + "la": "lautissimum oppidum nunc municip[i]um honestissimorum, quondam colonorum, Suessam fortissimorum militum sanguine implevit;", + "en": "He made Suessa, a very thriving town, once of colonists, now of most respectable burghers, run with the blood of terribly brave soldiers." + }, + { + "id": 11459, + "la": "Brundisi in sinu non modo avarissimae sed etiam crudelissimae uxoris delectos Martiae legionis centuriones trucidavit", + "en": "At Brundisium, in the lap of his wife, a woman as cruel as she is greedy to the utmost extent, he slaughtered picked centurions of the Martian Legion." + }, + { + "id": 11460, + "la": "Inde se quo furore, quo ardore ad urbem, id est ad caedem optimi cuiusque rapiebat!", + "en": "From there in what a blaze of fury he hurried back to Rome, which is to say to the slaughter of the best of her citizens!" + }, + { + "id": 11461, + "la": "Quo tempore di ipsi immortales praesidium improvisum nec opinantibus nobis obtulerunt", + "en": "Then it was that the immortal gods themselves brought us a totally unforeseen protection." + }, + { + "id": 11462, + "la": "[9] Caesaris enim incredibilis ac divina virtus latronis impetus crudelis ac furibundos retardavit: quem tum ille demens laedere se putabat edictis, ignorans quaecumque falso diceret in sanctissimum adulescentem, ea vere recidere in memoriam pueritiae suae", + "en": "[9] Caesars amazing,19 superhuman courage checked the brigands ferocious, furious onslaughts. Antonius in his delirium thought to damage him with manifestos, unaware that all his slanders of a young man of irreproachable character recoiled as truths upon the memory of his own early life." + }, + { + "id": 11463, + "la": "Ingressus urbem est quo comitatu vel potius agmine, cum dextra sinistra, gemente populo Romano, minaretur dominis, notaret domos, divisurum se urbem palam suis polliceretur!", + "en": "With what an entourage, or rather regiment on the march, did he enter Rome, while to right and to left, amidst the groans of the Roman people, he threatened householders, noted down houses, and openly promised his followers that he would parcel out the city among them." + }, + { + "id": 11464, + "la": "Rediit ad milites; ibi pestifera illa Tiburi contio", + "en": "He returned to his troops. There at Tibur he made that pernicious speech." + }, + { + "id": 11465, + "la": "Inde ad urbem cursus; senatus in Capitolium; parata de circumscribendo adulescente sententia consularis, cum repente'nam Martiam legionem Albae consedisse sciebat'adfertur ei de quarta nuntius", + "en": "Back to Rome posthaste; senate called to the Capitol. A consular motion to clip the young mans wings was in readiness, when suddenly'for he already knew that the Martian Legion had stationed itself at Alba'he gets the news about the Fourth." + }, + { + "id": 11466, + "la": "Quo perculsus abiecit consilium referendi ad senatum de Caesare: egressus est non viis, sed tramitibus paludatus", + "en": "Shocked thereat, he gave up his intention of putting the matter of Caesar before the senate. He left Rome in a generals uniform,26 not using the highroads but bypaths." + }, + { + "id": 11467, + "la": "Eoque ipso die innumerabilia senatus consulta fecit, quae quidem omnia citius delata quam scripta sunt", + "en": "And that very day27 he made countless senatorial decrees, all of which were deposited almost before they were put in writing." + }, + { + "id": 11468, + "la": "Ex eo non iter, sed cursus et fuga in Galliam", + "en": "Next, not a march, but a headlong20 flight to (Hither) Gaul." + }, + { + "id": 11469, + "la": "Caesarem sequi arbitrabatur cum legione Martia, cum quarta, cum veteranis, quorum ille nomen prae metu ferre non poterat, eique in Galliam penetranti D se Brutus obiecit, qui se totius belli fluctibus circumiri quam illum aut regredi aut progredi maluit Mutinamque illi exsultanti tamquam frenos furoris iniecit", + "en": "He thought Caesar was in pursuit with the Martian Legion and the Fourth and the veterans, whose name made him quake with fear. As he pushed into Gaul, Decimus Brutus blocked his path, voluntarily letting himself be surrounded by the billows of the whole war rather than let Antonius go backward or forward, and using Mutina to curb his fury like a bridle on a rampant horse." + }, + { + "id": 11470, + "la": "Quam cum operibus munitionibusque saepsisset nec eum coloniae florentissimae dignitas neque consulis designati maiestas a parricidio deterreret, tum me'testor et vos et populum Romanum et omnis deos qui huic urbi praesident'invito et repugnante legati missi tres consulares ad latronum et gladiatorum ducem", + "en": "After Antonius had surrounded the town with works and fortifications, and neither the dignity of a flourishing colony nor the majesty of a consul-elect deterred him from his work of treason, at that point, against my will'I call you gentlemen and the Roman people and all the presiding deities of Rome to witness'against my opposition, three consular envoys were sent to this leader of bandits and gladiators." + }, + { + "id": 11471, + "la": "Quis tam barbarus umquam, tam immanis, tam ferus?", + "en": "Was there ever such a barbarian, such a monster,21 such a beast?" + }, + { + "id": 11472, + "la": "Non audivit, non respondit; neque eos solum praesentis sed multo magis nos a quibus illi erant missi sprevit et pro nihilo putavit", + "en": "He did not listen, he did not reply. He treated with scorn and total contempt not only the ambassadors to their faces, but much more us who sent them." + }, + { + "id": 11473, + "la": "Postea quod scelus, quod facinus parricida non edidit?", + "en": "Thereafter what crime and villainy has the traitor not perpetrated?" + }, + { + "id": 11474, + "la": "Circumsedet colonos nostros, exercitum populi Romani, imperatorem, consulem designatum: agros divexat civium optimorum; hostis taeterrimus omnibus bonis cruces ac tormenta minitatur", + "en": "He invests our colonists and a Roman army and its imperator, a consul-elect. He ravages the lands of loyal citizens. As a ferocious enemy, he threatens all honest men with crucifixion and torture." + }, + { + "id": 11475, + "la": "[10] Cum hoc, M Lepide, pax esse quae potest?", + "en": "[10] What peace can there be with this fellow, Marcus Lepidus?" + }, + { + "id": 11476, + "la": "Cuius ne supplicio quidem ullo satiari videtur posse res publica", + "en": "Why, no punishment for him seems harsh enough to satisfy the Republic!" + }, + { + "id": 11477, + "la": "Quod si quis adhuc dubitare potuit quin nulla societas huic ordini populoque Romano cum illa importunissima belua posset esse, desinet profecto dubitare his cognitis litteris quas mihi missas ab Hirtio consule modo accepi", + "en": "But if anyone could still doubt the impossibility of any22 sort of fellowship between this body and the Roman people on the one hand and that extremely savage monster on the other, his doubts will certainly cease when he learns the contents of a letter that has just come into my hands, sent by the consul Hirtius." + }, + { + "id": 11478, + "la": "Eas dum recito dumque de singulis sententiis breviter disputo, velim, patres conscripti, ut adhuc fecistis, me attente audiatis", + "en": "While I read it aloud and briefly take issue with it sentence by sentence, may I request you, Members of the Senate, to give me your close attention, as you have done so far?" + }, + { + "id": 11479, + "la": "Antonius Hirtio et Caesari. Neque se imperatorem neque Hirtium consulem nec pro praetore Caesarem", + "en": "Antonius to Hirtius and Caesar. He neither calls himself imperator, nor Hirtius consul, nor Caesar propraetor." + }, + { + "id": 11480, + "la": "Satis hoc quidem scite: deponere alienum nomen ipse maluit quam illis suum reddere", + "en": "Smart enough, that. Rather than give them their proper titles, he has chosen to drop one that is not rightfully his." + }, + { + "id": 11481, + "la": "Cognita morte C Treboni non plus gavisus sum quam dolui.", + "en": "When I learned of Gaius Trebonius death, my joy was no greater than my distress." + }, + { + "id": 11482, + "la": "Videte quid se gavisum, quid doluisse dicat: facilius de pace deliberabitis", + "en": "Mark well what he says gave him joy and what gave him distress. It will be the easier for you to deliberate about peace." + }, + { + "id": 11483, + "la": "Dedisse poenas sceleratum cineri atque ossibus clarissimi viri et apparuisse numen deorum intra finem anni vertentis aut iam soluto supplicio parricidi aut impendente laetandum est.", + "en": "It is a matter for gladness that a criminal has paid his penalty to the ashes and bones of an illustrious man and that, before a year has elapsed, the will of the gods has made itself manifest since punishment for an act of parricide has already been inflicted or is impending." + }, + { + "id": 11484, + "la": "O Spartace! Quem enim te potius appellem, cuius propter nefanda scelera tolerabilis videtur fuisse Catilina?", + "en": "Spartacus! What better name to call you by? Your abominable crimes make Catiline look tolerable by contrast in retrospect." + }, + { + "id": 11485, + "la": "Laetandum esse ausus es scribere Trebonium dedisse poenas?", + "en": "Did you dare to write that it is a matter for gladness that Trebonius has paid his penalty?" + }, + { + "id": 11486, + "la": "Sceleratum Trebonium? Quo scelere, nisi quod te Idibus Martiis a debita tibi peste seduxit?", + "en": "That Trebonius was a criminal? What was his crime, except to draw you away from the destruction you deserved on the Ides of March?" + }, + { + "id": 11487, + "la": "Age, hoc laetaris: videamus quid moleste feras", + "en": "Well, this gladdens your heart: let us see23 what you find hard to bear." + }, + { + "id": 11488, + "la": " iudicatum hostem populi Romani Dolabellam eo quod sicarium occiderit et videri cariorem populo Romano filium scurrae quam C Caesarem, patriae parentem, ingemiscendum est.", + "en": "But it is a matter for lamentation that Dolabella has been declared by the senate an enemy of the Roman people on the ground that he put an assassin to death, and lamentable that the son of a buffoon should seem dearer to the Roman people than Gaius Caesar, the father of the fatherland." + }, + { + "id": 11489, + "la": "Quid ingemiscis? Hostem Dolabellam? Quid?", + "en": "What are you lamenting? That Dolabella has been declared a public enemy? What?" + }, + { + "id": 11490, + "la": "Te non intellegis dilectu tota Italia habito, consulibus missis, Caesare ornato, sagis denique sumptis hostem iudicatum?", + "en": "Dont you understand that as a result of the holding of a levy all over Italy, the dispatch of the consuls, the recognition given to Caesar, and finally as a result of the donning of military cloaks by the civilian populace,28 you have been declared a public enemy?" + }, + { + "id": 11491, + "la": "Quid est autem, scelerate, quod gemas hostem Dolabellam iudicatum a senatu?", + "en": "And why, you criminal, should you lament that Dolabella has been declared an enemy by the senate?" + }, + { + "id": 11492, + "la": "Quem tu ordinem omnino esse nullum putas, sed eam tibi causam belli gerendi proponis ut senatum funditus deleas, reliqui boni et locupletes omnes summum ordinem subsequantur", + "en": "You think this body of no account whatsoever, and yet you propose to yourself as your reason for making war the goal of wiping out the senate utterly and of causing all other decent and substantial citizens to go the same way as the leading echelon." + }, + { + "id": 11493, + "la": "At scurrae filium appellat", + "en": "But he calls Trebonius the son of a buffoon'" + }, + { + "id": 11494, + "la": "Quasi vero ignotus nobis fuerit splendidus eques Romanus, Treboni pater", + "en": "as though we had never heard of that distinguished Roman knight, Trebonius father." + }, + { + "id": 11495, + "la": "Is autem humilitatem despicere audet cuiusquam qui ex Fadia sustulerit liberos?", + "en": "And does the father of Fadias children dare to despise anybodys lowly social origins?29" + }, + { + "id": 11496, + "la": "[11] Acerbissimum vero est te, A Hirti, ornatum [esse] beneficiis Caesaris et talem ab eo relictum qualem ipse miraris' Equidem negare non possum a Caesare Hirtium ornatum, sed illa ornamenta in virtute et industria posita lucent", + "en": "[11] But the cruelest cut of all is that you, Aulus24 Hirtius, favored as you were by Caesars benefactions, left by him in a position at which you yourself marvel' To be sure, I cannot deny that Hirtius was favored by Caesar, but such favors shine when they are bestowed on worth and diligence." + }, + { + "id": 11497, + "la": "Tu vero qui te ab eodem Caesare ornatum negare non potes, quid esses, si tibi ille non tam multa tribuisset?", + "en": "You, on the contrary, who cannot deny that you were favored by the same Caesar, what would you be today, if Caesar had not conferred so much on you?" + }, + { + "id": 11498, + "la": "Ecquo te tua virtus provexisset, ecquo genus?", + "en": "Would your worth or your lineage have got you anywhere at all?" + }, + { + "id": 11499, + "la": "In lustris, popinis, alea, vino tempus aetatis omne consumpsisses, ut faciebas, cum in gremiis mimarum mentum mentemque deponeres", + "en": "You would have spent your entire life in brothels, gorging, gaming, drinking, as you used to do when you were laying your mouth30 and mind in the lap of actresses." + }, + { + "id": 11500, + "la": "'et te, o puer,' Puerum appellat quem non modo virum sed etiam fortissimum virum sensit et sentiet", + "en": "'and you, boy,' Boy, he calls him; but he has found him and will find him not only a man but a very brave man too." + }, + { + "id": 11501, + "la": "Est istuc quidem nomen aetatis, sed ab eo minime usurpandum qui suam amentiam huic puero praebet ad gloriam", + "en": "That name does indeed go with his age,31 but it comes very ill from one who makes this boy glorious through his own madness." + }, + { + "id": 11502, + "la": "'qui omnia nomini debes' Debet vero solvitque praeclare", + "en": "'who owe everything to your name'25 Yes, he owes, and splendidly he pays." + }, + { + "id": 11503, + "la": "Si enim ille patriae parens, ut tu appellas'ego quid sentiam videro'cur non hic parens verior a quo certe vitam habemus e tuis facinerosissimis manibus ereptam?", + "en": "If Caesar was the father of the fatherland, as you call him32'never mind what I think'is not this young man more truly a father to whom we assuredly owe our lives which he snatched from your most villainous hands?" + }, + { + "id": 11504, + "la": "'id agere ut iure damnatus sit Dolabella' Turpem vero actionem, qua defenditur amplissimi auctoritas ordinis contra crudelissimi gladiatoris amentiam!", + "en": "'are making every effort to have Dolabella justly condemned'33 Indeed a disgraceful line of action, by which the authority of this august body is defended against the madness of a ruthless gladiator!" + }, + { + "id": 11505, + "la": "'et ut venefica haec liberetur obsidione' Veneficam audes appellare eum virum qui tuis veneficiis remedia invenit?", + "en": "'and trying to get this viper34 liberated from a siege' You dare call viper the man who found the antidote to your venoms?" + }, + { + "id": 11506, + "la": "Quem ita obsides, nove Hannibal aut si quis acutior imperator fuit, ut te ipse obsideas neque te istinc, si cupias, possis explicare", + "en": "Yes, you latter-day Hannibal (or any cleverer general, if there was one), you are besieging him in such a way that you are besieging yourself, nor can you extricate yourself from your present situation even if you wish." + }, + { + "id": 11507, + "la": "Recesseris: undique omnes insequentur; manseris: haerebis", + "en": "If you pull back, they will all be after you from every side; if you stay put, you will be stuck in a trap." + }, + { + "id": 11508, + "la": "Nimirum recte veneficam appellas a quo tibi praesentem pestem vides comparatum", + "en": "Doubtless you rightly call viper the contriver of the destruction you see staring you in the face." + }, + { + "id": 11509, + "la": "'ut quam potentissimus sit Cassius atque Brutus. Putes Censorinum dicere aut Ventidium aut etiam ipsos Antonios", + "en": "'to give maximum power to Cassius and Brutus. You would think he was talking about Censorinus or26 Ventidius or even the Antonii themselves." + }, + { + "id": 11510, + "la": "Cur autem nolint potentis esse non modo optimos et nobilissimos viros sed secum etiam in rei publicae defensione coniunctos?", + "en": "Why should Hirtius and Caesar begrudge power to men who are not only of the highest merit and birth, but are also linked with them in the defense of the Republic?" + }, + { + "id": 11511, + "la": "Nimirum eodem modo haec aspicitis ut priora;' Quae tandem? 'castra Pompei senatum appellatis.", + "en": "I suppose you look at present circumstances just as you did at those of the past;' What circumstances, pray? 'you call Pompeius camp the senate." + }, + { + "id": 11512, + "la": "[12] An vero tua castra potius senatum appellaremus?", + "en": "[12] Well, were we rather to call your camp the senate?" + }, + { + "id": 11513, + "la": "In quibus tu es videlicet consularis cuius totus consulatus est ex omni monumentorum memoria evulsus;", + "en": "You are, it is plain to see, a consular in it, a man whose entire consulate has been struck off every form of record.36" + }, + { + "id": 11514, + "la": "duo praetores sine causa diffisi se aliquid habituros'nos enim Caesaris beneficia defendimus'; praetorii Philadelphus Annius et innocens Gallius;", + "en": "There are two praetors,37 who fear without any grounds that they will be left with nothing'for we are upholding Caesars benefactions. Ex-praetors next: Brotherly38 Annius and the guiltless Gallius.39" + }, + { + "id": 11515, + "la": "aedilicii, corycus laterum et vocis meae, Bestia, et fidei patronus, fraudator creditorum, Trebellius, et homo diruptus dirutusque Caelius, columenque amicorum Antoni, Cotyla Varius, quem Antonius deliciarum causa loris in convivio caedi iubebat a svis publicis;", + "en": "Ex-aediles: Bestia, the punching-bag on which I exercised my voice and lungs;40 Trebellius, patron of credit and defrauder of creditors;41 Caelius, a ruptured wreck of a man; and the mainstay of Antonius friends, Cotyla Varius, whom Antonius used to have flogged by public slaves at dinner, just for fun." + }, + { + "id": 11516, + "la": "septemvirales Lento, Nucula, tum deliciae atque amores populi Romani, L Antonius; tribuni duo designati, primum Tullus Hostilius, qui suo iure in porta nomen inscripsit qua, cum prodere imperatorem suum non potuisset, reliquit;", + "en": "Members of the Board of Seven: Lento, Nucula, and then the Roman peoples darling and delight, Lucius Antonius. Two tribunes of the plebs designate: first Tullus Hostilius, who inscribed his name, as he had a right to do, on the gate by which he deserted his imperator, not having succeeded in betraying him;42" + }, + { + "id": 11517, + "la": "alter est designatus Insteius nescio qui fortis, ut aiunt, latro; quem tamen temperantem fuisse ferunt Pisauri balneatorem", + "en": "the other designate is one Insteius, said to be a resolute robber, though they report that when he was a bath-attendant in Pisaurum he was a good mixer.43" + }, + { + "id": 11518, + "la": "Sequuntur alii tribunicii, T Plancus in primis: qui si senatum dilexisset, numquam curiam incendisset", + "en": "Others, ex-tribunes, follow, headed by Titus Plancus, who27 would never have set fire to the senate-house,44 if he had not had high regard for the senate." + }, + { + "id": 11519, + "la": "Quo scelere damnatus in eam urbem redit armis, ex qua excesserat legibus", + "en": "Convicted of that crime, he returned by force of arms to the city from which he had been expelled by force of law." + }, + { + "id": 11520, + "la": "Sed hoc ei commune cum pluribus sui similibus", + "en": "That, however, he has in common with many others of the same stamp as himself." + }, + { + "id": 11521, + "la": "Illud tamen verum in hoc Planco quod proverbi loco dici solet, perire eum non posse, nisi ei crura fracta essent", + "en": "But in the case of this Plancus, the old saying he cant die unless his legs are broken45 has proved false: they were broken, and still he is alive." + }, + { + "id": 11522, + "la": "Fracta sunt, et vivit Hoc tamen, ut alia multa, Aquilae referatur acceptum", + "en": "But let this, like many other things, go down to Aquilas credit." + }, + { + "id": 11523, + "la": "[13] Est etiam ibi Decius, ab illis, ut opinor, Muribus Deciis; itaque Caesaris munera erosit: Deciorum quidem multo intervallo per hunc praeclarum virum memoria renovata est", + "en": "[13] Decius too is there, a scion, I believe, of the well-known Mures Decii,46 which accounts for his gnawing up Caesars gifts. The memory of the Decii has been revived after a long interval through this noble fellow." + }, + { + "id": 11524, + "la": "Saxam vero Decidium praeterire qui possum, hominem deductum ex ultimis gentibus ut eum tribunum plebis videremus quem civem numquam videramus?", + "en": "And how can I pass over Saxa Decidius, fetched from far-off lands47 for us to behold as a tribune of the plebs, though we had never seen him as a citizen?" + }, + { + "id": 11525, + "la": "Est quidem alter Saserna: sed omnes tamen tantam habent similitudinem inter se ut in eorum praenominibus errem", + "en": "One of the two Sasernae is there, but they are all so much28 of a muchness that I get their first names muddled." + }, + { + "id": 11526, + "la": "Nec vero Extitius, Philadelphi frater, quaestor, praetermittendus est, ne, si de clarissimo adulescente siluero, invidisse videar Antonio", + "en": "Nor must we leave out Brotherlys brother, Sextus Titius(?),48 a quaestor; if I say nothing about this illustrious young man, it may be thought I was jealous of Antonius." + }, + { + "id": 11527, + "la": "Est etiam Asinius quidam senator voluntarius, lectus ipse a se", + "en": "There is also a certain Asinius, a self-appointed senator, enrolled on his own authority." + }, + { + "id": 11528, + "la": "Apertam curiam vidit post Caesaris mortem: mutavit calceos; pater conscriptus repente factus est", + "en": "He saw the senate-house open after Caesars death. He changed his boots,49 and all of a sudden he has become a member." + }, + { + "id": 11529, + "la": "Non novi Sex Albisium, sed tamen neminem tam maledicum offendi qui illum negaret dignum Antoni senatu", + "en": "I do not know Sextus Albisius,50 but I have never met anyone scurrilous enough to deny that he deserves a place in Antonius senate." + }, + { + "id": 11530, + "la": "Arbitror me aliquos praeterisse; de eis tamen qui occurrebant tacere non potui", + "en": "I think I have left a few out, but I could not fail to mention those who came to mind." + }, + { + "id": 11531, + "la": "Hoc igitur fretus senatu Pompeianum senatum despicit, in quo decem fuimus consulares: qui si omnes viverent, bellum omnino hoc non fuisset; auctoritati cessisset audacia", + "en": "Relying then upon this senate, he despises the Pompeian senate, which included ten of us consulars. If all of them were alive, this war would never have taken place; audacity would have yielded to authority." + }, + { + "id": 11532, + "la": "Sed quantum praesidi fuerit in ceteris, hinc intellegi potest, quod ego unus relictus ex multis contudi et fregi adiuvantibus vobis exsultantis praedonis audaciam", + "en": "How much the29 others would have contributed to our protection may be inferred from the fact that I, the sole survivor out of many, have crushed and broken the audacity of this rampaging pirate with the help of you gentlemen." + }, + { + "id": 11533, + "la": "[14] Quod si non Fortuna nobis modo eripuisset Ser Sulpicium eiusque collegam ante, Marcellum'quos civis, quos viros!'", + "en": "[14] But if Fortune had not snatched Servius Sulpicius away from us a little while ago and previously his colleague Marcus Marcellus (what men they were, what Romans!)," + }, + { + "id": 11534, + "la": "si duo consules, amicissimos patriae, simul ex Italia eiectos, si L Afranium, summum ducem, si P Lentulum, civem cum in ceteris rebus tum in salute mea singularem, si Bibulum,", + "en": "if the Republic could have kept the two consuls,51 great patriots both, who were driven out of Italy at the same time, and Lucius Afranius, that fine commander, and Publius Lentulus, an outstanding citizen in general and particularly in the matter of my restoration, and Marcus Bibulus," + }, + { + "id": 11535, + "la": "cuius est in rem publicam semper merito laudata constantia, si L Domitium, praestantissimum civem, si Appium Claudium, pari nobilitate et voluntate praeditum, si P Scipionem, clarissimum virum maiorumque suorum simillimum, res publica tenere potuisset, certe eis consularibus non esset Pompeianus despiciendus senatus", + "en": "whose steadfast loyalty to the Republic has always been deservedly praised, and that fine Roman Lucius Domitius, and Appius Claudius, whose patriotism matched his lofty birth, and the illustrious Publius Scipio, the very image of his ancestors'with those consulars assuredly the Pompeian senate would not have been contemptible." + }, + { + "id": 11536, + "la": "Utrum igitur aequius, utrum melius rei publicae fuit, Cn Pompeium an sectorem Cn Pompei vivere Antonium?", + "en": "Which then better30 suited and benefited the Republic, that Gnaeus Pompeius live or Gnaeus Pompeius sector,52 Marcus Antonius?" + }, + { + "id": 11537, + "la": "Qui vero praetorii! Quorum princeps M Cato idemque omnium gentium virtute princeps", + "en": "But what of the ex-praetors! Chief among them was Marcus Cato, chief also in virtue among all mankind." + }, + { + "id": 11538, + "la": "Quid reliquos clarissimos viros commemorem? Nostis omnis", + "en": "Why should I remind you of the other illustrious figures? You know them all." + }, + { + "id": 11539, + "la": "Magis vereor ne longum me in enumerando quam ne ingratum in praetereundo putetis", + "en": "I am more afraid of your thinking me long-winded in the enumeration than of appearing ungrateful in the omission." + }, + { + "id": 11540, + "la": "Qui aedilicii, qui tribunicii, qui quaestorii! Quid multa?", + "en": "What of the ex-aediles, the ex-tribunes of the plebs, the ex-quaestors!" + }, + { + "id": 11541, + "la": "Talis senatorum et dignitas et multitudo fuit ut magna excusatione opus eis sit qui in illa castra non venerunt Nunc reliqua attendite", + "en": "In a word, the rank and number of the senators were such that any who did not join that camp are in sore need of an excuse. Now listen to the rest." + }, + { + "id": 11542, + "la": "[15] Victum Ciceronem ducem habuistis.", + "en": "[15] You have treated as your leader the vanquished Cicero." + }, + { + "id": 11543, + "la": "Eo libentius ducem audio quod certe ille dicit invitus; nam de victo nihil laboro", + "en": "I am the more gratified to hear the word leader because he certainly uses it against his will." + }, + { + "id": 11544, + "la": "Fatum enim meum est sine re publica nec vinci posse nec vincere", + "en": "As for vanquished, that does not trouble me. It is my fate that apart from the Republic I can neither be vanquished nor vanquish." + }, + { + "id": 11545, + "la": "Macedoniam munitis exercitibus. Et quidem fratri tuo qui a vobis nihil degenerat extorsimus", + "en": "You fortify Macedonia with armies.53 Yes, and we have wrenched it away from your brother, who is quite worthy of the rest of your family." + }, + { + "id": 11546, + "la": "Africam commisistis Varo bis capto. Hic cum Gaio fratre putat se litigare", + "en": "You have entrusted Africa to Varus, a prisoner twice over.54 Antonius thinks hes having a dispute with his brother Gaius.55" + }, + { + "id": 11547, + "la": "In Syriam Cassium misistis. Non igitur sentis huic causae orbem terrae patere, te extra munitiones tuas vestigium ubi imprimas non habere?", + "en": "You have sent Cassius to Syria. So dont you perceive that the whole world lies open to this cause of ours, whereas you have nowhere outside your fortifications to set your foot?" + }, + { + "id": 11548, + "la": "Cascam tribunatum gerere passi estis. Quid ergo? Ut Marullum, ut Caesetium a re publica removeremus eum per quem ut neque idem hoc posthac neque multa eius modi accidere possent consecuti sumus?", + "en": "You have allowed Casca to hold the tribunate.31 And why not? Were we to remove him from public life like Marullus and Caesetius,56 when we have him to thank that the dismissal of a tribune from office and many similar proceedings cannot occur in future?" + }, + { + "id": 11549, + "la": "Vectigalia Iulianis Lupercis ademistis.", + "en": "You have deprived the Julian Luperci of their revenues." + }, + { + "id": 11550, + "la": "Lupercorum mentionem facere audet neque illius diei memoriam perhorrescit quo ausus est obrutus vino, unguentis oblitus, nudus gementem populum Romanum ad servitutem cohortari?", + "en": "Does he dare make mention of the Luperci?57 Does he not shudder at the memory of that day when soaked in wine, smeared with unguents, and naked he dared to urge a groaning Roman people into slavery?" + }, + { + "id": 11551, + "la": "Veteranorum colonias, deductas lege senatus consulto sustulistis.", + "en": "You have abolished by a senatorial decree colonies of veterans legally established." + }, + { + "id": 11552, + "la": "Nos sustulimus an contra lege comitiis centuriatis lata sanximus?", + "en": "Have we abolished them, or have we not on the contrary legalized them by a bill passed in the Centuriate Assembly?58" + }, + { + "id": 11553, + "la": "Vide ne tu veteranos, eos tamen qui erant perditi, perdideris in eumque locum deduxeris ex quo ipsi iam sentiunt se numquam exituros", + "en": "You had best consider whether you have not ruined the veterans (those, it is true, who were ruined already)59 and brought them into a situation from which they themselves now realize there is no way out." + }, + { + "id": 11554, + "la": "Massiliensibus iure belli adempta reddituros vos pollicemini.", + "en": "You are promising to restore to the Massilians what32 was taken away from them by the right of war." + }, + { + "id": 11555, + "la": "Nihil disputo de iure belli'magis facilis disputatio est quam necessaria'illud tamen animadvertite, patres conscripti, quam sit huic rei publicae natus hostis Antonius, qui tanto opere eam civitatem oderit quam scit huic rei publicae semper fuisse amicissimam", + "en": "I will not debate about the right of war (that would be more easy than needful), but please observe, Members of the Senate, what a born enemy Antonius is to this Republic since he so intensely hates a community that he knows has always been a most devoted friend to this Republic!" + }, + { + "id": 11556, + "la": "[16] Neminem Pompeianum qui vivat teneri lege Hirtia dictitatis.", + "en": "[16] You keep maintaining that no Pompeian now living is bound by the Hirtian law." + }, + { + "id": 11557, + "la": "Quis, quaeso, iam legis Hirtiae mentionem facit?", + "en": "Who, I ask you, talks about the Hirtian law60 any more?" + }, + { + "id": 11558, + "la": "Cuius non minus arbitror latorem ipsum quam eos de quibus lata est paenitere", + "en": "I daresay its sponsor disapproves of it no less than do those against whom it was passed." + }, + { + "id": 11559, + "la": "Omnino mea quidem sententia legem illam appellare fas non est; et, ut sit lex, non debemus illam Hirti legem putare", + "en": "In my opinion, it is not right to call it a law at all; and supposing it to be a law, we ought not to think of it as Hirtius law." + }, + { + "id": 11560, + "la": "Apuleiana pecunia Brutum subornastis. Quid? Si omnibus suis copiis excellentem virum res publica armasset, quem tandem bonum paeniteret?", + "en": "You have furnished Brutus with the money in the care of Apuleius. What of it? If the Republic had armed that excellent person with all its resources, what honest man, I ask you, would feel disapproval?" + }, + { + "id": 11561, + "la": "Nec enim sine pecunia exercitum alere nec sine exercitu fratrem tuum capere potuisset", + "en": "And he could neither have maintained an army without money nor taken your brother prisoner without an army." + }, + { + "id": 11562, + "la": "Securi percussos Petrum et Menedemum, civitate donatos et hospites Caesaris, laudastis.", + "en": "You have commended the execution of Petraeus and33 Menedemus, who had been granted Roman citizenship and were guest-friends of Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 11563, + "la": "Non laudamus quod ne audivimus quidem", + "en": "We have not commended something we have not even heard of." + }, + { + "id": 11564, + "la": "Valde enim nobis in tanta perturbatione rei publicae de duobus nequissimis Graeculis cogitandum fuit!", + "en": "I suppose we have nothing more important to think about in this national upheaval than a couple of rascally little Greeks!61" + }, + { + "id": 11565, + "la": "Theopompum, nudum, non expulsum a Trebonio, confugere Alexandream neglexistis.", + "en": "Theopompus62 was stripped bare and expelled by Trebonius. He fled to Alexandria. You have done nothing." + }, + { + "id": 11566, + "la": "Magnum crimen senatus! De Theopompo, summo homine, negleximus, qui ubi terrarum sit, quid agat, vivat denique an mortuus sit, quis aut scit aut curat?", + "en": "Here indeed the senate has committed a serious crime! We have done nothing about the great Theopompus! And where in the world he is, what he is doing, whether he is alive or dead in fact, who either knows or cares?" + }, + { + "id": 11567, + "la": "Ser Galbam eodem pugione succinctum in castris videtis.", + "en": "You see in your camp Servius Galba still wearing that same dagger.63" + }, + { + "id": 11568, + "la": "Nihil tibi de Galba respondeo, fortissimo et constantissimo civi: coram aderit; praesens et ipse et ille quem insimulas pugio respondebit", + "en": "I make you no answer about our most gallant and resolute fellow countryman Galba. He will be present in person. He himself and the dagger, with which you reproach him, will reply on the spot." + }, + { + "id": 11569, + "la": "Milites aut meos aut veteranos contraxistis tamquam ad exitium eorum qui Caesarem occiderant: et eosdem nec opinantis ad quaestoris sui aut imperatoris aut commilitonum suorum pericula impulistis.", + "en": "You have mustered soldiers, either those belonging to me or veterans, as though to destroy Caesars killers, and you have surprised them into endangering their own (former) quaestor or imperator64 or their own comrades in arms." + }, + { + "id": 11570, + "la": "Scilicet verba dedimus, decepimus: ignorabat legio Martia, quarta, nesciebant veterani quid ageretur;", + "en": "Oh, yes indeed, we hoodwinked them, we took them in! The Martian Legion and the Fourth were ignorant of what was going on; the veterans did not know!" + }, + { + "id": 11571, + "la": "non illi senatus auctoritatem, non libertatem populi sequebantur: Caesaris mortem ulcisci volebant, quam omnes fatalem fuisse arbitrabantur;", + "en": "They were not supporting the authority of the senate and the liberty of the people, they were out to avenge Caesars death, which they all considered to have been fate-ordained." + }, + { + "id": 11572, + "la": "te videlicet salvum, beatum, florentem esse cupiebant", + "en": "As for you, naturally they wanted you safe and happy and flourishing!" + }, + { + "id": 11573, + "la": "[17] O miser cum re, tum hoc ipso quod non sentis quam miser sis!", + "en": "[17] What a miserable creature you are, not34 only in actuality but from the very fact that you do not realize how miserable!" + }, + { + "id": 11574, + "la": "Sed maximum crimen audite: Denique quid non aut probastis aut fecistis quod faciat, si reviviscat' Quis?", + "en": "But hear the heaviest charge of all: To sum up, what have you not approved or done which, if he came back to life, would not be done by' By whom?" + }, + { + "id": 11575, + "la": "Credo enim, adferet aliquod scelerati hominis exemplum!", + "en": "No doubt he will produce some exemplary villain!" + }, + { + "id": 11576, + "la": "'Cn Pompeius ipse' O nos turpis, si quidem Cn Pompeium imitati sumus!", + "en": "'Gnaeus Pompeius himself' We are disgraced indeed if we have made Gnaeus Pompeius our model!" + }, + { + "id": 11577, + "la": "'aut filius eius, si modo possit? Poterit, mihi crede: nam paucis diebus et in domum et in hortos paternos immigrabit", + "en": "'or his son, if he but had the power? Oh, he will have the power, take my word. In a few days time he will be moving into his fathers house and suburban estate." + }, + { + "id": 11578, + "la": "Postremo negatis pacem fieri posse, nisi aut emisero Brutum aut frumento iuvero.", + "en": "Finally, you say peace cannot be made, unless I let Brutus go or assist him with grain." + }, + { + "id": 11579, + "la": "Alii istuc negant: ego vero, ne si ista quidem feceris, umquam tecum pacem huic civitati futuram puto", + "en": "Others issue that ultimatum, but for my part, I do not think this community will ever have peace with you, even if you perform those acts." + }, + { + "id": 11580, + "la": "Quid? Hoc placetne veteranis istis quibus adhuc omnia integra sunt,'", + "en": "Well, does this policy please veterans in your army who as yet are still quite free to choose,'" + }, + { + "id": 11581, + "la": "Nihil vidi tam integrum quam ut oppugnare imperatorem incipiant quem tanto studio consensuque ostenderint ", + "en": "Nothing I have seen could be so free as their choice to start attacking a commander for whom they have shown the extent of their hatred with such zeal and unanimity." + }, + { + "id": 11582, + "la": "'quosiam vos adsentationibus et venenatis muneribus venistis depravatum.", + "en": "'whom you have now come to pervert by means of35 flatteries and poisoned gifts?" + }, + { + "id": 11583, + "la": "An corrupti sunt quibus persuasum sit foedissimum hostem iustissimo bello persequi?", + "en": "Can it be that they have been corrupted because they have been persuaded to hunt down a most foul enemy in a most legitimate war?" + }, + { + "id": 11584, + "la": "At militibus inclusis opem fertis", + "en": "You claim you are merely bringing help to the beleaguered troops." + }, + { + "id": 11585, + "la": "Nihil moror eos salvos esse et ire quo libet, si tantum modo patiuntur perire eum qui meruit.", + "en": "I do not mind if they go in safety wherever they please, so long as they let perish the individual who has deserved it." + }, + { + "id": 11586, + "la": "Quam benigne! denique usi liberalitate Antoni milites imperatorem reliquerint et se ad hostem metu perterriti contulerint per quos si non stetisset, non Dolabella prius imperatori suo quam Antonius etiam collegae parentasset", + "en": "How kind! In a word, by Antonius generous terms the soldiers will desert their commander and betake themselves in terror to the enemy, those soldiers but for whose opposition Dolabella would not have made a grave-offering to his dead commander prior to Antonius having made one to his colleague.65" + }, + { + "id": 11587, + "la": "Concordiae factam esse mentionem scribitis in senatu et legatos esse consularis quinque", + "en": "You write that the subject of reconciliation has been36 brought up in the senate and that the envoys are five consulars.66" + }, + { + "id": 11588, + "la": "Difficile est credere eos qui me praecipitem egerint, aequissimas condiciones ferentem'et tamen ex his aliquid remittere cogitantem'putare aliquid moderate aut humane esse facturos", + "en": "It is difficult to believe that those who drove me headlong when I was offering very fair terms'and was even thinking of making further concessions'to suppose that they will do anything moderate and reasonable." + }, + { + "id": 11589, + "la": "Vix etiam veri simile est, qui iudicaverint hostem Dolabellam ob rectissimum facinus, eosdem nobis parcere posse idem sentientibus.", + "en": "Also, it is scarcely probable that the same people who declared Dolabella a public enemy because of an eminently proper action can spare me, sharing, as I do, his sentiments." + }, + { + "id": 11590, + "la": "Parumne videtur omnium facinorum sibi cum Dolabella societatem initam confiteri?", + "en": "Is that not a clear admission that he has entered into partnership with Dolabella for all manner of villainies?" + }, + { + "id": 11591, + "la": "Nonne cernitis ex uno fonte omnia scelera manare?", + "en": "Dont you perceive that all the crimes flow from a single source?" + }, + { + "id": 11592, + "la": "Ipse denique fatetur, hoc quidem satis acute, non posse eos qui hostem Dolabellam iudicaverint ob rectissimum facinus'ita enim videtur Antonio'sibi parcere idem sentienti.", + "en": "Antonius himself finally admits (quite clever of him, I must say) that those who declared Dolabella a public enemy because of an eminently proper action (for so it seems to Antonius) cannot spare him, sharing, as he does, Dolabellas sentiments." + }, + { + "id": 11593, + "la": "[18] Quid huic facias qui hoc litteris memoriaeque mandarit, ita sibi convenisse cum Dolabella ut ille Trebonium et, si posset, etiam Brutum, Cassium, discruciatos necaret, eadem ipse inhiberet supplicia nobis?", + "en": "[18] What are we to do with a man37 who puts in a letter, for the record, that he had arranged with Dolabella for him to kill Trebonius and, if he could, Brutus and Cassius, first putting them to the torture, while he himself should inflict the same cruelties upon us?" + }, + { + "id": 11594, + "la": "O conservandus civis cum tam pio iustoque foedere!", + "en": "Indeed a citizen to be preserved along with so righteous and just a compact!" + }, + { + "id": 11595, + "la": "Is etiam queritur condiciones suas repudiatas, aequas quidem et verecundas, ut haberet Galliam ultimam, aptissimam ad bellum renovandum instruendumque provinciam;", + "en": "He even complains that his terms were rejected, fair and modest as they were: namely, that he have Outer Gaul, a province ideally suited for resuming the war and supplying its requirements;" + }, + { + "id": 11596, + "la": "ut Alaudae in tertia decuria iudicarent, id est ut perfugium scelerum esset [cum] turpissimis rei publicae sordibus;", + "en": "that the Larks be jurors in the third panel, which is to say that the foulest dregs of the Republic have protection for their crimes;67" + }, + { + "id": 11597, + "la": "ut acta sua rata essent, cuius nullum remanet consulatus vestigium", + "en": "and that his consular acts be valid, although not a trace of his consulship remains." + }, + { + "id": 11598, + "la": "Cavebat etiam L Antonio, qui fuerat aequissimus agri privati et publici decempedator, Nucula et Lentone collega", + "en": "He also looked after the interests of Lucius Antonius, who had been a most equitable surveyor of public and private land, with Nucula and Lento for colleagues.68" + }, + { + "id": 11599, + "la": "Quam ob rem vos potius animadvertite utrum sit elegantius et partibus utilius Treboni mortem persequi an Caesaris, et utrum sit aequius concurrere nos quo facilius reviviscat Pompeianorum causa totiens iugulata an consentire ne ludibrio simus inimicis'", + "en": "Therefore I ask you gentlemen to observe which is in38 better taste and more expedient for the party, to avenge Trebonius death or Caesars; and which is fairer, for us to clash so as to facilitate the revival of the Pompeians cause, so often put to the slaughter, or to work together, so as not to be a laughingstock to our enemies'" + }, + { + "id": 11600, + "la": "Si esset iugulata, numquam exsurgeret: quod tibi tuisque contingat", + "en": "If the cause had been put to the slaughter, it would never rise again, which is what I wish for you and your followers." + }, + { + "id": 11601, + "la": "Utrum, inquit, elegantius. Atqui hoc bello de elegantia quaeritur!", + "en": "Which is in better taste? says he. To be sure, taste is what this war is all about!" + }, + { + "id": 11602, + "la": "Et partibus utilius. Partes, furiose, dicuntur in foro, in curia", + "en": "And more expedient for the party. We speak of party, you lunatic, in the Forum39 and in the senate-house." + }, + { + "id": 11603, + "la": "Bellum contra patriam nefarium suscepisti; oppugnas Mutinam, circumsedes consulem designatum; bellum contra te duo consules gerunt cumque eis pro praetore Caesar; cuncta contra te Italia armata est", + "en": "You have commenced a wicked war against your native land. You are attacking Mutina, besieging a consul-elect. Two consuls are waging war against you, and the propraetor Caesar with them. All Italy is in arms against you." + }, + { + "id": 11604, + "la": "Istas tu partis potius quam a populo Romano defectionem vocas?", + "en": "Do you call your following a party rather than a defection from the Roman people?" + }, + { + "id": 11605, + "la": "Potius Treboni mortem quam Caesaris persequimur?", + "en": "Is it preferable for us to avenge Trebonius death instead of Caesars?" + }, + { + "id": 11606, + "la": "Treboni satis persecuti sumus hoste iudicato Dolabella; Caesaris mors facillime defenditur oblivione et silentio", + "en": "We avenged Trebonius death sufficiently by declaring Dolabella a public enemy; Caesars is most easily vindicated69 with silent oblivion." + }, + { + "id": 11607, + "la": "Sed videte quid moliatur: cum mortem Caesaris ulciscendam putat, mortem proponit non eis solum qui illam rem gesserunt sed eis etiam si qui non moleste tulerunt", + "en": "But notice what he is up to. Holding that Caesars death calls for vengeance, he proposes death not only for those who did the deed but also for any whom it did not displease." + }, + { + "id": 11608, + "la": "[19] 'quibus, utri nostrum ceciderint, lucro futurum est, quod spectaculum adhuc ipsa Fortuna vitavit, ne videret unius corporis duas acies lanista Cicerone dimicantis: qui usque eo felix est ut isdem ornamentis deceperit vos quibus deceptum Caesarem gloriatus est.", + "en": "[19] 'for whom70 it will be a windfall whichever of us40 go down, a spectacle that thus far Fortune herself has avoided, not caring to see two opposing battle lines drawn from one corps, fighting each other with Cicero as gladiator-trainer.71 He is lucky enough to have deceived you with the same compliments with which he has boasted of having deceived Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 11609, + "la": "Pergit in me maledicta, quasi vero ei pulcherrime priora processerint: quem ego inustum verissimis maledictorum notis tradam hominum memoriae sempiternae", + "en": "He goes on flinging insults at me as though his previous efforts in that line had been a brilliant success; but I shall hand him down to everlasting memory, branded with the marks of insults which are true to the letter." + }, + { + "id": 11610, + "la": "Ego lanista? Et quidem non insipiens: deteriores enim iugulari cupio, meliores vincere", + "en": "So I am a gladiator-trainer? Yes, and I know my job. I want to see the bad ones killed off and the good ones win." + }, + { + "id": 11611, + "la": "Utri ceciderint, scribit, lucro nobis futurum.", + "en": "Whichever go down, he writes, will be a windfall for us." + }, + { + "id": 11612, + "la": "O praeclarum lucrum, cum te victore'quod di omen avertant!'beata mors eorum futura sit qui e vita excesserint sine tormentis", + "en": "A fine windfall,41 when if you win'may the gods avert the omen!'happy will be the death of those who have quit their lives without torture." + }, + { + "id": 11613, + "la": "A me deceptos ait isdem ornamentis Hirtium et Caesarem", + "en": "He says that Hirtius and Caesar have been deceived by me with the same compliments." + }, + { + "id": 11614, + "la": "Quod, quaeso, adhuc a me est tributum Hirtio ornamentum? Nam Caesari plura et maiora debentur", + "en": "What compliment, pray, have I bestowed on Hirtius up till now? As for Caesar, he deserves more and greater." + }, + { + "id": 11615, + "la": "Deceptum autem patrem Caesarem a me dicere audes? Tu, tu, inquam, illum occidisti Lupercalibus: cuius, homo ingratissime, flamonium cur reliquisti?", + "en": "But do you dare to say that the elder Caesar was deceived by me? You, yes, you, I say, killed him at the Lupercalia.72 And why have you abandoned his priesthood, ingrate?73" + }, + { + "id": 11616, + "la": "Sed iam videte magni et clari viri admirabilem gravitatem atque constantiam:", + "en": "Now observe the high seriousness and resolution of a great and famous man:" + }, + { + "id": 11617, + "la": "Mihi quidem constat nec meam contumeliam nec meorum ferre, nec deserere partis quas Pompeius odivit nec veteranos sedibus suis moveri pati nec singulos ad cruciatum trahi nec fallere fidem quam dedi Dolabellae'", + "en": "As for me, I am determined to put up with insult neither42 to myself nor to my friends, and not to desert the party which Pompeius hated, nor yet to allow the veterans to be evicted from their homes and dragged off to torture one by one, nor yet to break my pledge to Dolabella'" + }, + { + "id": 11618, + "la": "Omitto alia: fidem Dolabellae, sanctissimi viri, deserere homo pius non potest", + "en": "The rest I leave aside, but as for his not being able, as a man of honor, to prove false to his pledge given to that model of integrity, Dolabella:" + }, + { + "id": 11619, + "la": "Quam fidem? An optimi cuiusque caedis, urbis et Italiae partitionis, vastandarum diripiendarumque provinciarum?", + "en": "pledge concerning what? Concerning the massacre of our best citizens, the parceling out of Rome and Italy, the plunder and devastation of the provinces?" + }, + { + "id": 11620, + "la": "Nam quid erat aliud quod inter Antonium et Dolabellam, impurissimos parricidas, foedere et fide sanciretur?", + "en": "What else was there to be guaranteed by pact and pledge between those two foul traitors, Antonius and Dolabella?" + }, + { + "id": 11621, + "la": "'nec Lepidi societatem violare, piissimi hominis'`", + "en": "'nor yet to violate my alliance with Lepidus, the honorablest43 of men'" + }, + { + "id": 11622, + "la": "Tibi cum Lepido societas aut cum ullo, non dicam bono civi, sicut ille est, sed homine sano?", + "en": "You in alliance with Lepidus or any other'I wont say good citizen, as he is, but sane man?" + }, + { + "id": 11623, + "la": "Id agis ut Lepidum aut impium aut insanum existimari velis", + "en": "You make it your aim to wish Lepidus to be thought either a traitor or a madman." + }, + { + "id": 11624, + "la": "Nihil agis'quamquam adfirmare de altero difficile est'de Lepido praesertim, quem ego metuam numquam; bene sperabo, dum licebit", + "en": "Especially in Lepidus case'even though it is difficult to be certain concerning another person'you are wasting your time. I shall never fear Lepidus, and I shall hope well of him as long as I can.74" + }, + { + "id": 11625, + "la": "Revocare te a furore Lepidus voluit, non adiutor esse dementiae", + "en": "Lepidus has wished to recall you from your frenzy, not to be your abettor in folly." + }, + { + "id": 11626, + "la": "Tu porro ne pios quidem, sed piissimos quaeris et, quod verbum omnino nullum in lingua Latina est, id propter tuam divinam pietatem novum inducis", + "en": "And then you seek not merely honorable but honorablest men, importing a new word which does not exist at all in the Latin language to gratify your marvelous sense of honor!75" + }, + { + "id": 11627, + "la": "'nec Plancum prodere participem consiliorum. Plancum participem?", + "en": "'nor yet to betray Plancus, the partner of my counsels.44 Plancus your partner?" + }, + { + "id": 11628, + "la": "Cuius memorabilis ac divina virtus lucem adfert rei publicae'nisi forte eum subsidio tibi venire arbitraris cum fortissimis legionibus, maximo equitatu peditatu Gallorum'quique, nisi ante eius adventum rei publicae poenas dederis, ille huius belli feret principatum", + "en": "Plancus, whose unforgettable, superhuman manliness is a beacon of hope to the Republic'unless, perhaps, you think he is coming to help you with his most brave legions and his host of Gallic horse and foot!'and is one who will take a leading role in this war, unless you pay your penalty to the Republic before he arrives." + }, + { + "id": 11629, + "la": "Quamquam enim prima praesidia utiliora rei publicae sunt, tamen extrema sunt gratiora", + "en": "Though the help that comes first is of greater use to the Republic, nonetheless, the help that comes last earns more gratitude." + }, + { + "id": 11630, + "la": "[20] Sed iam se colligit et ad extremum incipit philosophari:", + "en": "[20] But now he takes stock and in conclusion begins to45 philosophize:" + }, + { + "id": 11631, + "la": "Si me rectis sensibus euntem di immortales, ut spero, adiuverint, vivam libenter", + "en": "If the immortal gods help me as I go my way in rectitude of purpose, which I trust they will, I shall live in good cheer." + }, + { + "id": 11632, + "la": "Sin autem me aliud fatum manet, praecipio gaudia suppliciorum vestrorum", + "en": "But if a different fate awaits me, I joyfully anticipate what you will suffer." + }, + { + "id": 11633, + "la": "Namque si victi Pompeiani tam insolentes sunt, victores quales futuri sint vos potius experiemini.", + "en": "For if the Pompeians are so insolent in defeat, what they will be like in victory you will find out rather than I." + }, + { + "id": 11634, + "la": "Praecipias licet gaudia: non enim tibi cum Pompeianis, sed cum universa re publica bellum est", + "en": "Joyfully anticipate you may! You are not at war with Pompeians but with the entire Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11635, + "la": "Omnes te di homines, summi medii infimi, cives peregrini, viri mulieres, liberi servi oderunt", + "en": "All gods and men, the highest, the lowest and those in between, citizens and foreigners, men and women, free men and slaves, all hate you." + }, + { + "id": 11636, + "la": "Sensimus hoc nuper falso nuntio; vero prope diem sentiemus", + "en": "This was proved to us the other day by a false report,76 and any day now will be proved by a true one." + }, + { + "id": 11637, + "la": "Quae si tecum ipse recolueris, aequiore animo et maiore consolatione moriere", + "en": "If you reflect on this quietly, you will die with an easier mind and better consolation." + }, + { + "id": 11638, + "la": "Denique summa iudici mei spectat huc ut meorum iniurias ferre possim, si aut oblivisci velint ipsi fecisse aut ulcisci parati sunt una nobiscum Caesaris mortem.", + "en": "Finally, the sum of my judgment is to this effect: I can46 bear the injuries done to me by my friends, if they on their side should be willing to forget that they have done them, or if they are ready to make common cause with us in avenging Caesars death." + }, + { + "id": 11639, + "la": "Hac Antoni sententia cognita dubitaturumne A Hirtium aut C Pansam consules putatis quin ad Antonium transeant, Brutum obsideant, Mutinam expugnare cupiant?", + "en": "When they learn this sentiment of Antonius, do you suppose the consuls Aulus Hirtius and Gaius Pansa will hesitate to go over to Antonius and besiege Brutus and be eager to take Mutina by storm?" + }, + { + "id": 11640, + "la": "Quid de Pansa et Hirtio loquor?", + "en": "Why do I speak of Hirtius and Pansa?" + }, + { + "id": 11641, + "la": "Caesar, singulari pietate adulescens, poteritne se tenere quin D Bruti sanguine poenas patrias persequatur?", + "en": "Will Caesar, a young man with a remarkable sense of family duty, be able to restrain himself from seeking vengeance for his father by the blood of Decimus Brutus?" + }, + { + "id": 11642, + "la": "Itaque fecerunt ut his litteris lectis ad munitiones propius accederent", + "en": "And so, after reading this letter, they proceeded to draw closer'to the siege works." + }, + { + "id": 11643, + "la": "Quo maior adulescens Caesar, maioreque deorum immortalium beneficio rei publicae natus est, qui nulla specie paterni nominis nec pietate abductus umquam est et intellegit maximam pietatem conservatione patriae contineri", + "en": "Wherefore, greater is young Caesar, and greater is the kindness of the immortal gods in producing for the Republic a man who has never been led astray by the show of his fathers name or by filial duty, and who understands that the highest duty of a son lies in the preservation of his native land." + }, + { + "id": 11644, + "la": "Quod si partium certamen esset, quarum omnino nomen exstinctum est, Antoniusne potius et Ventidius partis Caesaris defenderent quam primum Caesar, adulescens summa pietate et memoria parentis sui, deinde Pansa et Hirtius, qui quasi cornua duo tenuerunt Caesaris tum cum illae vere partes vocabantur?", + "en": "But if this were47 a struggle of parties, the very name of which is extinct, would Antonius and Ventidius be standing up for Caesars party rather than, in the first place, Caesar, a young man with the highest sense of family duty and devoted to his fathers memory, and, in the second place, Pansa and Hirtius, who captained Caesars two wings, as it were, when that party was truly so called?" + }, + { + "id": 11645, + "la": "Hae vero quae sunt partes, cum alteris senatus auctoritas, populi Romani libertas, rei publicae salus proposita sit, alteris caedes bonorum, urbis Italiaeque partitio?", + "en": "But what parties are these, when the aim on the one side is the authority of the senate, the freedom of the Roman people, and the survival of the Republic, while the other aims at the massacre of honest men, the parceling out of Rome and Italy?" + }, + { + "id": 11646, + "la": "[21] Veniamus aliquando ad clausulam", + "en": "[21] Let us at length come to the finale:" + }, + { + "id": 11647, + "la": "Legatos venire non credo.", + "en": "I do not believe the envoys are coming." + }, + { + "id": 11648, + "la": "Bene me novit; veniat qui velit, proposito praesertim exemplo Dolabellae", + "en": "Well does he know me. Let him go who chooses, especially with Dolabellas example before his eyes." + }, + { + "id": 11649, + "la": "Sanctiore erunt, credo, iure legati quam duo consules contra quos arma fert, quam Caesar cuius patris flamen est, quam consul designatus quem oppugnat, quam Mutina quam obsidet, quam patria cui igni ferroque minitatur!", + "en": "Envoys, no doubt, will be shielded with more sanctity than the two consuls, against whom Antonius bears arms, or Caesar, of whose father he is priest,78 or the consul-elect, whom he is attacking, or Mutina, which he is besieging, or his native land, which he is threatening with fire and sword!" + }, + { + "id": 11650, + "la": "Cum venerint, quae postulant cognoscam.", + "en": "When they come, I shall learn their demands.48" + }, + { + "id": 11651, + "la": "Quin tu abis in malam pestem malumque cruciatum?", + "en": "To the devil with you! To the rack with you!" + }, + { + "id": 11652, + "la": "Ad te quisquam veniat nisi Ventidi similis?", + "en": "Would anyone come to you except a fellow like Ventidius?" + }, + { + "id": 11653, + "la": "Oriens incendium qui restinguerent summos viros misimus; repudiasti: nunc in tantam flammam tamque inveteratam mittamus, cum locum tibi reliquum non modo ad pacem sed ne ad deditionem quidem feceris?", + "en": "We sent persons of the highest quality to put out the incipient blaze: you rebuffed them. Are we to send now, to a fire that has spread so wide and taken such hold, now that you have left yourself no room for capitulation, let alone peace?" + }, + { + "id": 11654, + "la": "Hanc ego epistulam, patres conscripti, non quo illum dignum putarem, recitavi, sed ut confessionibus ipsius omnia patefacta eius parricidia videretis", + "en": "I have read out this letter, Members of the Senate, not because I thought the author of it worthy of being heeded, but to let you see all his treasons laid bare by his own confessions." + }, + { + "id": 11655, + "la": "Cum hoc pacem M Lepidus, vir ornatissimus omnibus et virtutis et fortunae bonis, si haec audiret, aut vellet denique fieri posse arbitraretur?", + "en": "Would Marcus Lepidus, so richly endowed49 with all the blessings of nature and fortune, wish peace with this man or even think it possible if he were hearing these words of Antonius?" + }, + { + "id": 11656, + "la": "Prius undis flamma, ut ait poeta nescio quis, prius denique omnia quam aut cum Antoniis res publica aut cum re publica Antonii redeant in gratiam", + "en": "Sooner fire with water, as some poet or other has expressed it,79 sooner anything in fact, than the Republic will be reconciled with the Antonii or the Antonii with the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11657, + "la": "Monstra quaedam ista et portenta sunt et prodigia rei publicae", + "en": "They are, as it were, monsters and portents and prodigies of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11658, + "la": "Moveri sedibus huic urbi melius est atque in alias, si fieri possit, terras demigrare, unde Antoniorumnec facta nec nomen audiat, quam illos, Caesaris virtute eiectos, Bruti retentos, intra haec moenia videre", + "en": "It would be better for this city to be moved from her foundations and to migrate to other lands, if that were possible, where she would hear neither deeds nor name80 of the Antonii, than to see once more inside her walls men who were thrown out by Caesars prowess and held back from returning by Brutus." + }, + { + "id": 11659, + "la": "Optatissimum est vincere; secundum est nullum casum pro dignitate et libertate patriae non ferendum putare", + "en": "Best of all is victory; second-best is to think no misfortune unbearable, if it be for our native lands dignity and freedom." + }, + { + "id": 11660, + "la": "Quod reliquum est, non est tertium, sed postremum omnium, maximam turpitudinem suscipere vitae cupiditate", + "en": "That leaves no third-best, only the worst of all, to plumb the lowest depth of dishonor out of a craving for life." + }, + { + "id": 11661, + "la": "Quae cum ita sint, de mandatis litterisque M Lepidi, viri clarissimi, Servilio adsentior, et hoc amplius censeo:", + "en": "In these circumstances, concerning the message and50 letter of the illustrious Marcus Lepidus, I agree with Servilius, and I further propose as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 11662, + "la": "Magnum Pompeium, Gnaei filium, pro patris maiorumque suorum animo studioque in rem publicam suaque pristina virtute, industria, voluntate fecisse quod suam eorumque quos secum haberet operam senatui populoque Romano pollicitus esset, eamque rem senatui populoque Romano gratam acceptamque esse, eique honori dignitatique eam rem fore.", + "en": "That Magnus Pompeius, son of Gnaeus, acted worthily of the spirit and patriotic zeal of his father and ancestors and of his own former prowess, diligence, and goodwill in that he promised his services and those of his companions to the senate and people of Rome; and that his action is welcome and pleasing to the senate and people of Rome and will redound to his honor and dignity." + }, + { + "id": 11663, + "la": "Hoc vel coniungi cum hoc senatus consulto licet vel seiungi potest separatimque perscribi, ut proprio senatus consulto Pompeius collaudatus esse videatur", + "en": "This can either be conjoined with the senatorial decree now under discussion or separated and drafted independently, so that Pompeius may be seen to have been commended by a decree of the senate special to himself." + }, + { + "id": 11664, + "la": "[1] Si, ut ex litteris quae recitatae sunt, patres conscripti, sceleratissimorum hostium exercitum caesum fusumque cognovi, sic, id quod et omnes maxime optamus ex ea victoria quae parta est consecutum arbitramur, D Brutum egressum iam Mutina esse cognossem, propter cuius periculum ad saga issemus, propter eiusdem salutem redeundum ad pristinum vestitum sine ulla dubitatione censerem", + "en": "[1] Members of the Senate, the dispatches which have1 been read out have told me that an army of very wicked enemies has been cut to pieces and routed. If those dispatches had also told me that Decimus Brutus has already been liberated from the siege of Mutina, the goal that we all especially pray for and believe has been achieved as a result of the victory gained by our forces, then I would have no hesitation in moving a return to our previous dress on account of Brutus deliverance, since it was on account of his peril that we put on our military cloaks." + }, + { + "id": 11665, + "la": "Ante vero quam sit ea res quam avidissime civitas exspectat adlata, laetitia frui satis est maximae praeclarissimaeque pugnae; reditum ad vestitum confectae victoriae reservate", + "en": "But until the news which the community is so impatiently awaiting arrives, it is enough to enjoy the happy knowledge of a great and glorious battle. Reserve a return to normal dress for final victory." + }, + { + "id": 11666, + "la": "Confectio autem huius belli est D Bruti salus", + "en": "And final victory in this war means Decimus Brutus rescue." + }, + { + "id": 11667, + "la": "Quae autem est ista sententia ut in hodiernum diem vestitus mutetur, deinde cras sagati prodeamus?", + "en": "What sort of proposal do we have here, that we change2 our dress only for today and reappear tomorrow in military cloaks?" + }, + { + "id": 11668, + "la": "Nos vero cum semel ad eum quem cupimus optamusque vestitum redierimus, id agamus ut eum in perpetuum retineamus", + "en": "No, when once we have returned to the dress we want and pray for, let us make sure we keep it forever." + }, + { + "id": 11669, + "la": "Nam hoc quidem cum turpe est, tum ne dis quidem immortalibus gratum, ab eorum aris, ad quas togati adierimus, ad saga sumenda discedere", + "en": "For it is indeed not only a disgraceful thing but one not even pleasing to the immortal gods for us first to approach their altars in togas, only to depart from there to put on our military cloaks again." + }, + { + "id": 11670, + "la": "Atque animadverto, patres conscripti, quosdam huic favere sententiae quorum ea mens idque consilium est ut, cum videant gloriosissimum illum D Bruto futurum diem quo die propter eius salutem redierimus, hunc ei fructum eripere cupiant, ne memoriae posteritatique prodatur propter unius civis periculum populum Romanum ad saga isse, propter eiusdem salutem redisse ad togas", + "en": "And I notice, Members of the Senate,3 that certain persons favor this proposal, whose purpose and plan is the following: since they see that the day we return to normal dress on account of Decimus Brutus deliverance will be a most glorious day for him, they wish to deprive him of this gratification and not let it be handed down for posterity to remember that the Roman people put on military cloaks because of one citizens peril and went back to the garb of peace because of the same citizens rescue." + }, + { + "id": 11671, + "la": "Tollite hanc: nullam tam pravae sententiae causam reperietis", + "en": "Take away this reason, and you will find no reason at all for so misguided a proposal." + }, + { + "id": 11672, + "la": "Vos vero, patres conscripti, conservate auctoritatem vestram, manete in sententia, tenete vestra memoria quod saepe ostendistis, huius totius belli in unius viri fortissimi et maximi vita positum esse discrimen", + "en": "But do you, Members of the Senate, maintain your authority, stand by your opinion, keep fixedly in mind that which you have often made plain: that the decision in this entire war turns on the life of one very great and gallant man." + }, + { + "id": 11673, + "la": "[2] Ad D Brutum liberandum legati missi principes civitatis qui illi hosti ac parricidae denuntiarent ut a Mutina discederet;", + "en": "[2] To liberate Decimus Brutus, leaders of the community4 were sent as envoys to order that enemy and traitor to withdraw from Mutina." + }, + { + "id": 11674, + "la": "eiusdem D Bruti conservandi gratia consul sortitu ad bellum profectus A Hirtius, cuius imbecillitatem valetudinis animi virtus et spes victoriae confirmavit;", + "en": "To save the same Decimus Brutus, the consul Aulus Hirtius, after drawing lots, set out to war, his bodily infirmity strengthened by a courageous spirit and the prospect of victory." + }, + { + "id": 11675, + "la": "Caesar cum exercitu per se comparato cum prius his pestibus rem publicam liberasset, ne quid postea sceleris oreretur, profectus est ad eundem Brutum liberandum vicitque dolorem aliquem domesticum patriae caritate", + "en": "Caesar, as soon as he had liberated the Republic from these evil creatures,1 set out with the army he had raised by himself to liberate the same Brutus and stop the commission of further crimes, thus overcoming out of his love for his native land some pain he felt for private reasons.2" + }, + { + "id": 11676, + "la": "Quid C Pansa egit aliud dilectibus habendis, pecuniis comparandis, senatus consultis faciendis gravissimis in Antonium, nobis cohortandis, populo Romano ad causam libertatis vocando, nisi ut D Brutus liberaretur?", + "en": "What was Gaius Pansas object in5 holding levies, raising funds, passing very severe decrees against Antonius, exhorting us, summoning the Roman people to the cause of liberty, unless it was to bring about the liberation of Decimus Brutus?" + }, + { + "id": 11677, + "la": "A quo populus Romanus frequens ita salutem D Bruti una voce depoposcit ut eam non solum commodis suis sed etiam necessitati victus anteferret", + "en": "From him the Roman people in great numbers with one voice demanded Decimus Brutus deliverance, putting it not only before their own benefits but also before the very necessity of nourishment.3" + }, + { + "id": 11678, + "la": "Quod sperare nos quidem debemus, patres conscripti, aut inibi esse aut iam esse confectum: ed spei fructum rei convenit et evento reservari, ne aut deorum immortalium beneficium festinatione praeripuisse aut vim Fortunae stultitia contempsisse videamur", + "en": "We must hope, Members of the Senate, that it is on the point of achievement or already achieved. But it is fitting to reserve for the actual event the enjoyment of that for which we hope, so that we may not appear to have grasped too hastily at the gift of the immortal gods or, out of foolishness, to have despised the power of Fortune." + }, + { + "id": 11679, + "la": "Sed quoniam significatio vestra satis declarat quid hac de re sentiatis, ad litteras veniam quae sunt a consulibus et a pro praetore missae, si pauca ante quae ad ipsas litteras pertineant dixero", + "en": "But inasmuch as the intimation you gentlemen give6 sufficiently declares your views on this matter, I shall come to the dispatches sent by the consuls and the propraetor; but first a few words relevant to the dispatches themselves." + }, + { + "id": 11680, + "la": "[3] Imbuti gladii sunt, patres conscripti, legionum exercituumque nostrorum vel madefacti potius duobus duorum consulum, tertio Caesaris proelio", + "en": "[3] The swords of our legions and armies have been dipped, Members of the Senate, or rather steeped in blood in two battles fought by the two consuls and a third fought by Caesar.4" + }, + { + "id": 11681, + "la": "Si hostium fuit ille sanguis, summa militum pietas: nefarium scelus, si civium", + "en": "If that blood was the blood of our countrys foes, its shedding by our soldiers was the highest patriotism, but an abominable crime if it was the blood of fellow citizens." + }, + { + "id": 11682, + "la": "Quo usque igitur is qui omnis hostis scelere superavit nomine hostis carebit?", + "en": "How long then shall this man, who has outdone in crime all public enemies, go without the name of public enemy?" + }, + { + "id": 11683, + "la": "Nisi mucrones etiam nostrorum militum tremere vultis dubitantis utrum in cive an in hoste figantur", + "en": "Unless you wish the very blades of our soldiers to waver, uncertain whether they are being plunged into a fellow citizen or into a public enemy." + }, + { + "id": 11684, + "la": "Supplicationem decernitis: hostem non appellatis", + "en": "You gentlemen propose7 a public thanksgiving, but you do not use the word enemy." + }, + { + "id": 11685, + "la": "Gratae vero nostrae dis immortalibus gratulationes erunt, gratae victimae, cum interfecta sit civium multitudo!", + "en": "Pleasing indeed will be our thanks to the immortal gods, pleasing our sacrificial offerings for the slaughter of a multitude of fellow citizens!" + }, + { + "id": 11686, + "la": "De improbis, inquit, et audacibus.", + "en": "Comprising, as he puts it, wicked and reckless individuals." + }, + { + "id": 11687, + "la": "Nam sic eos appellat clarissimus vir: quae sunt urbanarum maledicta litium, non in[i]ustae belli internecivi notae", + "en": "This is what the illustrious proposer5 calls them: terms of abuse appropriate to a city lawsuit, not brands of deadly warfare." + }, + { + "id": 11688, + "la": "Testamenta, credo, subiciunt aut eiciunt vicinos aut adulescentulos circumscribunt: his enim vitiis adfectos et talibus malos audacis appellare consuetudo solet", + "en": "They forge wills, no doubt, or expel their neighbors from their property, or defraud young men: those who indulge in these and similar evil ways are customarily called bad or reckless." + }, + { + "id": 11689, + "la": "Bellum inexpiabile infert quattuor consulibus unus omnium latronum taeterrimus;", + "en": "An inexpiable war is being waged upon four consuls8 by the most savage bandit under the sun." + }, + { + "id": 11690, + "la": "gerit idem bellum cum senatu populoque Romano;", + "en": "He also wages war against the senate and people of Rome." + }, + { + "id": 11691, + "la": "omnibus'quamquam ruit ipse suis cladibus'pestem, vastitatem, cruciatum, tormenta denuntiat: Dolabellae ferum et immane facinus quod nulla barbaria posset agnoscere, id suo consilio factum esse testatur;", + "en": "He threatens us all'though he himself is collapsing under the weight of his own disasters'with destruction, devastation, and the pains of torture. He testifies that Dolabellas brutal and monstrous act, which no race of barbarians could acknowledge, was carried out on his advice;" + }, + { + "id": 11692, + "la": "quaeque esset facturus in hac urbe, nisi eum hic ipse Iuppiter ab hoc templo atque moenibus reppulisset, declaravit in Parmensium calamitate, quos, optimos viros honestissimosque homines, maxime cum auctoritate huius ordinis populique Romani dignitate coniunctos, crudelissimis exemplis interemit propudium illud et portentum, L Antonius, insigne odium omnium hominum vel, si etiam di oderunt quos oportet, deorum", + "en": "what he would have done in this city, had not Jupiter here6 himself thrust him back from this temple and our citys walls, he made plain in the ruin of the inhabitants of Parma, who, very loyal and respectable folk, closely attached to the authority of this body and the dignity of the Roman people, were most cruelly slaughtered to serve as an object lesson at the hands of that vile monster Lucius Antonius, the conspicuous target of all mens hatred, of all gods too, if the gods hate whom they ought." + }, + { + "id": 11693, + "la": "Refugit animus, patres conscripti, eaque dicere formidat quae L Antonius in Parmensium liberis et coniugibus effecerit", + "en": "My mind recoils, Members of the Senate, and9 shudders to speak of what Lucius Antonius did in the case of the wives and children of the people of Parma." + }, + { + "id": 11694, + "la": "Quas enim turpitudines Antonii libenter cum dedecore subierunt, easdem per vim laetantur aliis se intulisse", + "en": "The Antonii delight in having inflicted upon others by violence the degradations to which they themselves have cheerfully and disgracefully submitted." + }, + { + "id": 11695, + "la": "Sed vis calamitosa est quam illis obtulerunt: libido flagitiosa qua Antoniorum oblita est vita", + "en": "But it is calamitous violence that they made those people suffer; it is scandalous lust that stains the lives of the Antonii." + }, + { + "id": 11696, + "la": "Est igitur quisquam qui hostis appellare non audeat quorum scelere crudelitatem Carthaginiensium victam esse fateatur?", + "en": "Is there anyone, then, who hesitates to call enemies men whose crimes, he admits, put the cruelty of the Carthaginians into the shade?" + }, + { + "id": 11697, + "la": "[4] Qua enim in urbe tam immanis Hannibal capta quam in Parma surrepta Antonius?", + "en": "[4] What city taken by assault did Hannibal treat so savagely as Antonius treated Parma, which he took by stealth?" + }, + { + "id": 11698, + "la": "Nisi forte huius coloniae et ceterarum in quas eodem est animo non est hostis putandus", + "en": "Perhaps he is not to be reckoned an enemy of this colony and of others toward which he is similarly disposed!" + }, + { + "id": 11699, + "la": "Si vero coloniarum et municipiorum sine ulla dubitatione hostis est, quid tandem huius censetis urbis quam ille ad explendas egestates latrocini sui concupivit, quam iam peritus metator et callidus decempeda sua Saxa diviserat?", + "en": "But if10 without any doubt he is an enemy of the colonies and municipalities, what do you judge him to be with respect to this city, on which he has set greedy eyes as a means of satisfying his impoverished gang and which Saxa, that skilled and crafty surveyor, had already marked out with his ten-foot rule?7" + }, + { + "id": 11700, + "la": "Recordamini, per deos immortalis, patres conscripti, quid hoc biduo timuerimus a domesticis hostibus [id est qui intra moenia hostes sunt] rumoribus improbissimis dissipatis", + "en": "By the immortal gods, Members of the Senate, remember our alarm these past two days,8 the product of wicked rumors spread by enemies within the gates." + }, + { + "id": 11701, + "la": "Quis liberos, quis coniugem aspicere poterat sine fletu? Quis domum, quis tecta, quis larem familiarem?", + "en": "Who could look dry-eyed at his wife and children, or at his house or roof or guardian god of his household?" + }, + { + "id": 11702, + "la": "Aut foedissimam mortem omnes aut miserabilem fugam cogitabant", + "en": "All had a horrible death or a wretched flight in their thoughts." + }, + { + "id": 11703, + "la": "Haec a quibus timebantur, eos hostis appellare dubitamus?", + "en": "Do we hesitate to call enemies those at whose hands we feared such calamities?" + }, + { + "id": 11704, + "la": "Gravius si quis attulerit nomen, libenter adsentiar: hoc vulgari contentus vix sum, leviore non utar", + "en": "If anybody produces a harsher name, I shall gladly agree to it. This ordinary word barely contents me. A milder one I will not use." + }, + { + "id": 11705, + "la": "Itaque cum supplicationes iustissimas ex eis litteris quae recitatae sunt decernere debeamus, Serviliusque decreverit, augebo omnino numerum dierum, praesertim cum non uni, sed tribus ducibus sint decernendae", + "en": "Therefore, since pursuant to the dispatches that have11 been read, we ought to decree public thanksgivings most justly due, and since Servilius has so proposed, I shall increase the number of days, to be sure, especially as they are to be decreed not to one commander but three." + }, + { + "id": 11706, + "la": "Sed hoc primum faciam ut imperatores appellem eos quorum virtute, consilio, felicitate maximis periculis servitutis atque interitus liberati sumus", + "en": "First, however, I shall proceed to salute as imperators9 those by whose courage, judgment, and good fortune we have been set free from the gravest perils of slavery and destruction." + }, + { + "id": 11707, + "la": "Etenim cui viginti his annis supplicatio decreta est ut non imperator appellaretur aut minimis rebus gestis aut plerumque nullis?", + "en": "After all, who in the past twenty years has been decreed a public thanksgiving and not been saluted an imperator at the same time, though his military achievements were minimal or often nonexistent?" + }, + { + "id": 11708, + "la": "Quam ob rem aut supplicatio ab eo qui ante dixit decernenda non fuit aut usitatus honos pervulgatusque tribuendus eis quibus etiam novi singularesque debentur", + "en": "Accordingly, either the public thanksgiving should not have been proposed by the previous speaker, or a regular, customary honor should be accorded to those who deserve even unprecedented and extraordinary honors." + }, + { + "id": 11709, + "la": "[5] An si quis Hispanorum aut Gallorum aut Thraecum mille aut duo milia occidisset, illum hac consuetudine quae increbruit imperatorem appellaret senatus: tot legionibus caesis, tanta multitudine hostium interfecta'[dico] ita, inquam, hostium, quamvis hoc isti hostes domestici nolint'clarissimis ducibus supplicationum honorem tribuemus, imperatorium nomen adimemus?", + "en": "[5] Or can it be that if somebody12 had killed a thousand or two thousand Spaniards or Gauls or Thracians, the senate would salute him as imperator, following what has now become normal practice, whereas after the cutting to pieces of so many legions and the slaughter of such a multitude of enemies'of enemies, I repeat, however much these enemies within our gates may dislike that term'shall we accord the honor of public thanksgivings to our illustrious commanders and take away the title of imperator?" + }, + { + "id": 11710, + "la": "Quanto enim honore, laetitia, gratulatione in hoc templum ingredi debent illi ipsi huius urbis liberatores, cum hesterno die propter eorum res gestas me ovantem et prope triumphantem populus Romanus in Capitolium domo tulerit, domum inde reduxerit!", + "en": "For with what honor, rejoicing, and congratulation should those liberators of this city enter this temple in person, when yesterday on account of their achievements the Roman people bore me from my house to the Capitol and back again to my house in an ovation,10 almost a triumph!" + }, + { + "id": 11711, + "la": "Is enim demum est mea quidem sententia iustus triumphus ac verus, cum bene de re publica meritis testimonium a consensu civitatis datur", + "en": "For to my mind, a true, genuine triumph13 is only when those who have deserved well of the Republic receive the tributes of a united community." + }, + { + "id": 11712, + "la": "Nam sive in communi gaudio populi Romani uni gratulabantur, magnum iudicium, sive uni gratias agebant, eo maius, sive utrumque, nihil magnificentius cogitari potest", + "en": "If in the shared joy of the Roman people they were congratulating one individual, that was a great mark of esteem; if they were thanking one individual, all the greater; if both, no more splendid compliment can be conceived of." + }, + { + "id": 11713, + "la": "Tu igitur ipse de te? dixerit quispiam", + "en": "Someone may say: Do you, then, indulge in self-applause?" + }, + { + "id": 11714, + "la": "Equidem invitus, sed iniuriae dolor facit me praeter consuetudinem gloriosum", + "en": "It is against my will, to be sure, but a sense of injury11 makes me vainglorious, contrary to my habit." + }, + { + "id": 11715, + "la": "Nonne satis est ab hominibus virtutis ignaris gratiam bene merentibus non referri?", + "en": "Is it not enough that persons ignorant of the meaning of true worth make no return of gratitude to those who deserve well?" + }, + { + "id": 11716, + "la": "Etiam in eos qui omnis suas curas in rei publicae salute defigunt, [impetus] crimen invidia quaeretur?", + "en": "Will even those who devote all their care to the preservation of the Republic be targets for backbiting and envy?" + }, + { + "id": 11717, + "la": "Scitis enim per hos dies creberrimum fuisse sermonem, me Parilibus, qui dies hodie est, cum fascibus descensurum", + "en": "You know that during the past few days there was a14 vast amount of talk that on Shepherds Day,12 that is today, I would come down to the Forum with the fasces.13" + }, + { + "id": 11718, + "la": "In aliquem credo hoc gladiatorem aut latronem aut Catilinam esse collatum, non in eum qui ne quid tale in re publica fieri posset effecerit", + "en": "I suppose that such a rumor has been concocted against a gladiator or a bandit or a Catiline, not against a man who has made sure that nothing of that kind can happen in the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11719, + "la": "An [ut] ego, qui Catilinam haec molientem sustulerim, everterim, adflixerim, ipse exstiterim repente Catilina?", + "en": "Was it likely that I, who hoisted,14 overthrew, and dashed down Catiline when he made such an attempt, should suddenly reveal myself a Catiline?" + }, + { + "id": 11720, + "la": "Quibus auspiciis istos fascis augur acciperem, quatenus haberem, cui traderem?", + "en": "With what auspices was I, an augur, to have accepted those fasces, how long was I going to keep them, to whom should I have handed them over?" + }, + { + "id": 11721, + "la": "Quemquamne fuisse tam sceleratum qui hoc fingeret, tam furiosum qui crederet?", + "en": "Could anyone have been so wicked as to invent this tale or so mad as to believe it?" + }, + { + "id": 11722, + "la": "Unde igitur ista suspicio vel potius unde iste sermo?", + "en": "So what is the origin of this suspicion, or rather this talk?" + }, + { + "id": 11723, + "la": "[6] Cum, ut scitis, hoc triduo vel quadriduo tristis a Mutina fama manaret, inflati laetitia atque insolentia impii cives unum se in locum, ad illam curiam furiis potius suis quam rei publicae infelicem congregabant", + "en": "[6] When, as you know, three or four days ago a sinister15 report from Mutina was circulating, our traitorous fellow citizens, puffed up with joy and insolence, gathered together in one place, in that senate-house of theirs,15 a place of ill omen for their own mad designs rather than for the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11724, + "la": "Ibi cum consilia inirent de caede nostra partirenturque inter se qui Capitolium, qui rostra, qui urbis portas occuparent, ad me concursum futurum civitatis putabant", + "en": "When they plotted there our massacre and assigned functions among themselves'who would seize the Capitol, who the Rostra, who the city gates'they thought it likely that the community would rally to me," + }, + { + "id": 11725, + "la": "Quod ut cum invidia mea fieret et cum vitae etiam periculo, famam istam fascium dissipaverunt; fascis ipsi ad me delaturi fuerunt", + "en": "and so in order to bring me into odium or even peril of my life when that happened, they spread this rumor about the fasces. They themselves were even going to offer me the fasces,16" + }, + { + "id": 11726, + "la": "Quod cum esset quasi mea voluntate factum, tum in me impetus conductorum hominum quasi in tyrannum parabatur; ex quo caedes esset vestrum omnium consecuta", + "en": "and when this had been done as though at my own wish, an attack upon me by a hired gang was planned, as if upon a despot. From this there would have followed a massacre of all you senators." + }, + { + "id": 11727, + "la": "Quae res patefecit, patres conscripti, sed suo tempore totius huius sceleris fons aperietur", + "en": "These plans, Members of the Senate, failed to be revealed by being put into operation, but when the time is ripe the source17 of all this villainy will be disclosed." + }, + { + "id": 11728, + "la": "Itaque P Apuleius, tribunus plebis, meorum omnium consiliorum periculorumque iam inde a consulatu meo testis, conscius, adiutor, dolorem ferre non potuit doloris mei: contionem habuit maximam populo Romano unum atque idem sentiente", + "en": "And so, the tribune of the plebs Publius16 Apuleius, who has been witness, confidant, and helper in all my counsels and dangers from my consulship onwards, could not bear the distress he felt for my distress; he held a packed public meeting,18 at which the Roman people were completely of one mind." + }, + { + "id": 11729, + "la": "In qua contione cum me pro summa nostra coniunctione et familiaritate liberare suspicione fascium vellet, una voce cuncta contio declaravit nihil esse a me umquam de re publica nisi optime cogitatum", + "en": "And when at that gathering he wanted to exonerate me from the suspicion about the fasces, as our close attachment and friendship made appropriate, the whole meeting declared with one voice that I had never entertained any but the most loyal thoughts concerning the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11730, + "la": "Post hanc habitam contionem duabus tribusve horis optatissimi nuntii et litterae venerunt: ut idem dies non modo iniquissima me invidia liberarit sed etiam celeberrima populi Romani gratulatione auxerit", + "en": "Two or three hours after the meeting came the messengers and dispatches we were praying for. Thus the same day not only relieved me of a most unjust odium but also exalted me by the rejoicing19 of the Roman people in vast numbers." + }, + { + "id": 11731, + "la": "Haec interposui, patres conscripti, non tam ut pro me dixerim'male enim mecum ageretur si parum vobis essem sine defensione purgatus'quam ut quosdam nimis ieiuno animo et angusto monerem, id quod semper ipse fecissem, uti excellentium civium virtutem imitatione dignam, non invidia putarent", + "en": "I have put in these remarks, Members of the Senate,17 not so much in self-justification'I would be in a bad way if I were not sufficiently exonerated in your eyes without a defense'as to warn, as I personally have always done, certain mean and petty-minded persons that they should regard the merit of outstanding citizens as deserving imitation, not envy." + }, + { + "id": 11732, + "la": "Magnus est in re publica campus, ut sapienter dicere M Crassus solebat, multis apertus cursus ad laudem", + "en": "Public life is a broad field, as Marcus Crassus was in the habit of wisely saying,20 and the path to glory is open to many." + }, + { + "id": 11733, + "la": "[7] Utinam quidem illi principes viverent qui me post meum consulatum, cum eis ipse cederem, principem non inviti videbant!", + "en": "[7] I only wish those leaders of the community were still alive who not unwillingly saw me in a position of leadership after my consulship, though I myself gave them prior place." + }, + { + "id": 11734, + "la": "Hoc vero tempore in tanta inopia constantium et fortium consularium quo me dolore adfici creditis, cum alios male sentire, alios nihil omnino curare videam, alios parum constanter in suscepta causa permanere sententiamque suam non semper utilitate rei publicae, sed tum spe tum timore moderari?", + "en": "But today, when we are so badly off for brave and resolute consulars, what distress do you think I feel when I see some expressing disloyal sentiments, others totally indifferent, others not persevering resolutely enough in the cause they have embraced and not always regulating their views by reference to the advantage of the Republic but sometimes by hope and sometimes by fear!" + }, + { + "id": 11735, + "la": "Quod si quis de contentione principatus laborat, quae nulla esse debet, stultissime facit, si vitiis cum virtute contendit; ut enim cursu cursus, sic in viris fortibus virtus virtute superatur", + "en": "If, however, anybody is concerned about rivalry for leadership,18 which ought not to exist, he is acting very foolishly if he competes with merit by means of demerit. As speed is overcome by speed, so, when brave men are rivals, merit is overcome by merit." + }, + { + "id": 11736, + "la": "Tu, si ego de re publica optime sentiam, ut me vincas, ipse pessime senties?", + "en": "If I am a good patriot, will you21 be a bad one in order to get the better of me?" + }, + { + "id": 11737, + "la": "Aut, si ad me bonorum concursum fieri videbis, ad te improbos invitabis?", + "en": "Or, if you see decent men rally to me, will you invite wicked men to join you?" + }, + { + "id": 11738, + "la": "Nollem, primum rei publicae causa, deinde etiam dignitatis tuae", + "en": "I wish it were not so, first for the sake of the Republic, and also, secondly, for the sake of your reputation." + }, + { + "id": 11739, + "la": "Sed si principatus ageretur, quem numquam expetivi, quid tandem mihi esset optatius?", + "en": "But if leadership, which I have never sought, were the issue, what, for heavens sake, would be more desirable from my point of view?" + }, + { + "id": 11740, + "la": "Ego enim malis sententiis vinci non possum, bonis forsitan possim et libenter", + "en": "I cannot be bested by bad proposals, but perhaps I could by good ones'and gladly." + }, + { + "id": 11741, + "la": "Haec populum Romanum videre, animadvertere, iudicare quidam moleste ferunt", + "en": "Some individuals are annoyed that the Roman people19 see, notice, and judge what goes on." + }, + { + "id": 11742, + "la": "Poteratne fieri ut non proinde homines quoque ut quisque mereretur iudicarent?", + "en": "Was it not inevitable that the public judge each of us just as each deserved?" + }, + { + "id": 11743, + "la": "Ut enim de universo senatu populus Romanus verissime iudicat nullis rei publicae temporibus hunc ordinem firmiorem aut fortiorem fuisse, sic de uno quoque nostrum et maxime qui hoc loco sententias dicimus sciscitantur omnes, avent audire quid quisque senserit, ita de quoque ut quemque meritum arbitrantur existimant", + "en": "Concerning the senate as a whole, the Roman people judge very truly that never in the history of the Republic has this body shown itself braver or more resolute. In the same way, everyone asks questions about each individual senator among us and especially about those who speak in the first rank.22 They are eager to hear what opinion each of us has expressed, and they estimate each of us as they think he has deserved." + }, + { + "id": 11744, + "la": "Memoria tenent me ante diem xiii[i] Kalendas Ianuarias principem revocandae libertatis fuisse;", + "en": "They remember that on the20 twentieth of December I took the lead in the recovery of freedom;" + }, + { + "id": 11745, + "la": "me ex Kalendis Ianuariis ad hanc horam invigilasse rei publicae;", + "en": "that from the first of January up to this hour I have watched over the interests of the Republic;" + }, + { + "id": 11746, + "la": "meam domum measque auris dies noctesque omnium praeceptis monitisque patuisse;", + "en": "that my house and my ears have been open day and night to the advice and warnings of all;" + }, + { + "id": 11747, + "la": "meis litteris, meis nuntiis, meis cohortationibus omnis qui ubique essent ad patriae praesidium excitatos;", + "en": "that my letters, my messages, my encouragements roused all and sundry, wherever they might be, to come to the aid of our native land;" + }, + { + "id": 11748, + "la": "meis sententiis a Kalendis Ianuariis numquam legatos ad Antonium;", + "en": "that ever since the first of January I have never voted for envoys to be sent to Antonius,23" + }, + { + "id": 11749, + "la": "semper illum hostem, semper hoc bellum, ut ego, qui omni tempore verae pacis auctor fuissem, huic essem nomini pestiferae pacis inimicus", + "en": "but always called him an enemy and this conflict a war, so that I, who have at all times striven for true peace, was hostile to this name of a pernicious peace." + }, + { + "id": 11750, + "la": "Idem Ventidium, cum alii praetorem, ego semper hostem", + "en": "Likewise I always called Ventidius an enemy, while others21 called him a praetor." + }, + { + "id": 11751, + "la": "Has in sententias meas si consules [designati] discessionem facere voluissent, omnibus istis latronibus auctoritate ipsa senatus iam pridem de manibus arma cecidissent", + "en": "If the consuls had been willing to hold a vote on these proposals of mine, the authority of the senate would of itself long ago have caused the weapons to drop from all those brigands hands." + }, + { + "id": 11752, + "la": "[8] Sed quod tum non licuit, patres conscripti, id hoc tempore non solum licet verum etiam necesse est, eos qui re sunt hostes verbis notari, sententiis nostris hostis iudicari", + "en": "[8] But that which was not permitted then, Members of the Senate, not only is permissible but is even necessary at this time: those who are enemies in fact must be branded such in words, declared enemies by our votes." + }, + { + "id": 11753, + "la": "Antea cum hostem ac bellum nominassem, semel et saepius sententiam meam de numero sententiarum sustulerunt: quod in hac causa fieri iam non potest", + "en": "Previously22 when I used the terms enemy and war, they repeatedly removed my motion from the list of motions to be put to a vote; that cannot now be done in the present case." + }, + { + "id": 11754, + "la": "Ex litteris enim C Pansae A Hirti consulum, C Caesaris pro praetore, de honore dis immortalibus habendo sententias dicimus", + "en": "Pursuant to dispatches from the consuls Gaius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius and propraetor Gaius Caesar, we are voicing our proposals concerning the payment of honor to the immortal gods." + }, + { + "id": 11755, + "la": "Supplicationem modo qui decrevit, idem imprudens hostis iudicavit; numquam enim in civili bello supplicatio decreta est", + "en": "The senator who just proposed a public thanksgiving24 has in so doing, and unbeknown to himself, declared them enemies; for no public thanksgiving has ever been voted in a civil war.25" + }, + { + "id": 11756, + "la": "Decretam dico? Ne victoris quidem litteris postulata est", + "en": "Voted, did I say? Indeed, none has ever been asked for in a victors dispatch." + }, + { + "id": 11757, + "la": "Civile bellum consul Sulla gessit, legionibus in urbem adductis quos voluit expulit, quos potuit occidit: supplicationis mentio nulla", + "en": "Sulla as consul23 fought a civil war; he marched his legions into Rome, banished whom he chose, killed whom he could: no mention of a public thanksgiving." + }, + { + "id": 11758, + "la": "Grave bellum Octavianum insecutum est: supplicatio nulla victori", + "en": "A major war, the war of Octavius, came next: no public thanksgiving for the victor." + }, + { + "id": 11759, + "la": "Cinnae victoriam imperator ultus est Sulla: nulla supplicatio decreta a senatu", + "en": "Sulla as imperator avenged Cinnas victory: no public thanksgiving voted by the senate." + }, + { + "id": 11760, + "la": "Ad te ipsum, P Servili, num misit ullas collega litteras de illa calamitosissima pugna Pharsalia?", + "en": "To you yourself, Publius Servilius, surely your colleague26 did not send any dispatch concerning the disastrous Battle of Pharsalia, did he?" + }, + { + "id": 11761, + "la": "Num te de supplicatione voluit referre? Profecto noluit", + "en": "Nor did he want you to consult the senate concerning a public thanksgiving, did he? Of course he didnt." + }, + { + "id": 11762, + "la": "At misit postea de Alexandria, de Pharnace: Pharsaliae vero pugnae ne triumphum quidem egit", + "en": "But he sent one subsequently concerning Alexandria and another concerning Pharnaces.27 For the Battle of Pharsalia he did not celebrate a triumph either." + }, + { + "id": 11763, + "la": "Eos enim civis pugna illa sustulerat quibus non modo vivis sed etiam victoribus incolumis et florens civitas esse posset", + "en": "For if those citizens whom that battle took away had not only lived but been victorious, the community could have survived and prospered." + }, + { + "id": 11764, + "la": "Quod idem contigerat superioribus bellis civilibus", + "en": "That was24 likewise the case in previous civil wars." + }, + { + "id": 11765, + "la": "Nam mihi consuli supplicatio nullis armis sumptis non ob caedem hostium, sed ob conservationem civium novo et inaudito genere decreta est", + "en": "For to me as consul a public thanksgiving of a new and unheard of sort was decreed,28 without there being any resort to arms, voted not on account of the slaughter of enemies but of the preservation of citizens." + }, + { + "id": 11766, + "la": "Quam ob rem aut supplicatio re publica pulcherrime gesta postulantibus nostris imperatoribus deneganda est, quod praeter A Gabinium contigit nemini, aut supplicatione decernenda hostis eos de quibus decernitis iudicetis necesse est", + "en": "Therefore, either you must refuse a public thanksgiving to our commanders for their splendid successes on behalf of the Republic when they are asking for it, something that has never happened to anybody except Aulus Gabinius,29 or by decreeing a public thanksgiving you necessarily declare enemies those to whom your decree refers." + }, + { + "id": 11767, + "la": "[9] Quod ergo ille re, id ego etiam verbo, cum imperatores eos appello: hoc ipso nomine et eos qui iam devicti sunt et eos qui supersunt hostis iudico [cum victores appello imperatores]", + "en": "[9] Therefore, when I salute our commanders as imperators, I am expressing in words what Servilius is expressing in fact: by this very title I declare enemies both those already thoroughly vanquished and those who remain." + }, + { + "id": 11768, + "la": "Quo modo enim potius Pansam appellem, etsi habet honoris nomen amplissimi; quo Hirtium?", + "en": "How better should I address Pansa, though he bears25 the title of our highest public office? Or Hirtius?" + }, + { + "id": 11769, + "la": "Est ille quidem consul, sed alterum nomen benefici populi Romani est, alterum virtutis atque victoriae", + "en": "He is consul, to be sure, but that title came as the gift of the Roman people, while this one is conferred by valor and victory." + }, + { + "id": 11770, + "la": "Quid? Caesarem, deorum beneficio rei publicae procreatum, dubitemne appellare imperatorem?", + "en": "What of Caesar, him who was engendered for the sake of the Republic by the favor of the Gods?" + }, + { + "id": 11771, + "la": "Qui primus Antoni immanem et foedam crudelitatem non solum a iugulis nostris sed etiam a membris et visceribus avertit", + "en": "Am I to hesitate to salute him as imperator'Caesar, who was the first to turn Antonius foul, monstrous cruelty aside not only from our throats, but also from our limbs and vitals?" + }, + { + "id": 11772, + "la": "Unius autem diei quot et quantae virtutes, di immortales, fuerunt!", + "en": "Immortal gods, how many and how great were the deeds of valor that a single day brought forth!" + }, + { + "id": 11773, + "la": "Princeps enim omnium Pansa proeli faciendi et cum Antonio confligendi fuit; dignus imperator legione Martia, digna legio imperatore", + "en": "Pansa was26 first among them all to join battle and clash with Antonius: a commander worthy of the Martian Legion, as the legion is worthy of its commander." + }, + { + "id": 11774, + "la": "Cuius si acerrimum impetum cohibere Pansa potuisset, uno proelio confecta res esset", + "en": "And if Pansa had been able to restrain their passionate onslaught, the issue would have been settled in a single engagement." + }, + { + "id": 11775, + "la": "Sed cum libertatis avida legio effrenatius in aciem hostium irrupisset ipseque in primis Pansa pugnaret, duobus periculosis vulneribus acceptis sublatus e proelio rei publicae vitam reservavit", + "en": "But when in their eagerness for freedom the legion broke too impetuously into the enemys lines and Pansa himself was fighting among the foremost, he received two dangerous wounds and was removed from the field to reserve his life for the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11776, + "la": "Ego vero hunc non solum imperatorem sed etiam clarissimum imperatorem iudico, qui, cum aut morte aut victoria se satis facturum rei publicae spopondisset, alterum fecit, alterius di immortales omen avertant!", + "en": "I declare him not only imperator but also a most illustrious imperator, who having pledged himself to do his duty to the Republic by either death or victory, has achieved the one and as for the other, may the immortal gods avert the omen!" + }, + { + "id": 11777, + "la": "[10] Quid dicam de Hirtio?", + "en": "[10] What am I to say of Hirtius?" + }, + { + "id": 11778, + "la": "Qui re audita e castris duas legiones eduxit incredibili studio atque virtute, quartam illam quae relicto Antonio se olim cum Martia legione coniunxit, et septimam quae constituta ex veteranis docuit hoc proelio militibus eis qui Caesaris beneficia servassent senatus populique Romani carum nomen esse", + "en": "When the report27 reached him, he led two legions out of camp with remarkable zeal and energy: the Fourth, which having abandoned Antonius previously joined the Martian Legion, and the Seventh, which was composed of veterans and showed in this battle that those soldiers who had properly looked after their bounties from Caesar31 hold dear the name of the senate and people of Rome." + }, + { + "id": 11779, + "la": "His viginti cohortibus, nullo equitatu, Hirtius ipse aquilam quartae legionis cum inferret, qua nullius pulchriorem speciem imperatoris accepimus, cum tribus Antoni legionibus equitatuque conflixit, hostisque nefarios, huic Iovi Maximi ceterisque deorum immortalium templis, urbis tectis, libertati populi Romani, nostrae vitae sanguinique imminentis prostravit, fudit, occidit, ut cum admodum paucis, nocte tectus, metu perterritus, princeps latronum duxque fugerit", + "en": "With these twenty cohorts and no cavalry, Hirtius, himself bearing forward the eagle of the Fourth Legion'history has no finer picture of an imperator to show'clashed with the three legions and cavalry of Antonius and laid low, routed, slew those wicked enemies, who were threatening this Temple of Jupiter Best and Greatest and the other temples of the immortal gods, the roofs of Rome, the liberty of the Roman people, and our lives and lifeblood. Consequently, the chief and leader of the bandits fled in a panic, under cover of darkness, with a very few companions." + }, + { + "id": 11780, + "la": "O solem ipsum beatissimum qui, ante quam se abderet, stratis cadaveribus parricidarum cum paucis fugientem vidit Antonium!", + "en": "Oh happiest of days! The sun of that day, before it set, beheld Antonius and a few others in flight over a field strewn with the carcasses of traitors." + }, + { + "id": 11781, + "la": "An vero quisquam dubitabit appellare Caesarem imperatorem?", + "en": "Or will anyone hesitate to salute Caesar as imperator?" + }, + { + "id": 11782, + "la": "Aetas eius certe ab hac sententia neminem deterrebit, quando quidem virtute superavit aetatem", + "en": "Assuredly his age will deter no one from this proposal, since he has indeed surpassed his age with his valor." + }, + { + "id": 11783, + "la": "Ac mihi semper eo maiora beneficia C Caesaris visa sunt quo minus erant ab aetate illa postulanda: cui cum imperium dabamus, eodem tempore etiam spem eius nominis deferebamus;", + "en": "I have always rated what we owe to Gaius Caesar all the higher, the less it was to be expected from one of his years. When we were giving him military command, we were at the same time holding out to him the prospect of that title," + }, + { + "id": 11784, + "la": "quod cum est consecutus, auctoritatem decreti nostri rebus gestis suis comprobavit", + "en": "and having obtained it,32 he confirmed the authority of our decree by his own exploits." + }, + { + "id": 11785, + "la": "Hic ergo adulescens maximi animi, ut verissime scribit Hirtius, castra multarum legionum paucis cohortibus tutatus est secundumque proelium fecit", + "en": "This young man of the highest spirit, as Hirtius most truly writes, defended a camp of many legions with a few cohorts and fought a successful engagement." + }, + { + "id": 11786, + "la": "Ita trium imperatorum virtute, consilio, felicitate uno die locis pluribus res publica est conservata", + "en": "Thus by the courage, judgment, and good fortune of three imperators, in the course of a single day and in multiple places, the Republic was preserved." + }, + { + "id": 11787, + "la": "[11] Decerno igitur eorum trium nomine quinquaginta dierum supplicationes: causas, ut honorificentissimis verbis consequi potuero, complectar ipsa sententia", + "en": "[11] Therefore I move public thanksgivings lasting fifty days in29 the name of the three.33 The grounds I shall embrace in my motion, in the most laudatory terms I can command." + }, + { + "id": 11788, + "la": "Est autem fidei pietatisque nostrae declarare fortissimis militibus quam memores simus quamque grati", + "en": "Further, it is a matter of good faith and of dutifulness on our part to declare to these terribly brave soldiers how mindful and how sensible we are of what we owe them." + }, + { + "id": 11789, + "la": "Quam ob rem promissa nostra atque ea quae legionibus bello confecto tributuros nos spopondimus hodierno senatus consulto renovanda censeo; aequum est enim militum, talium praesertim, honorem coniungi", + "en": "For this reason I propose that our promises and all we ourselves pledged to do for the legions after the conclusion of hostilities be renewed in todays senatorial decree. It is only fair that the soldiers, especially such soldiers as these, be honored along with their commanders." + }, + { + "id": 11790, + "la": "Atque utinam, patres conscripti, protinus omnibus solvere nobis praemia liceret!", + "en": "I only wish,30 Members of the Senate, that we could pay rewards to all of them straightaway;" + }, + { + "id": 11791, + "la": "Quamquam nos ea quae promisimus studiose cumulata reddemus", + "en": "to be sure, we shall zealously discharge the promises we have made, and with interest." + }, + { + "id": 11792, + "la": "Sed id quidem restat, ut spero, victoribus, quibus senatus fides praestabitur: quam quoniam difficillimo rei publicae tempore secuti sunt, eos numquam oportebit consili sui paenitere", + "en": "But that indeed awaits the victors, I hope, to whom the senate will keep its word, and inasmuch as the soldiers trusted that word in a very grave crisis of the Republic, they must never regret their decision." + }, + { + "id": 11793, + "la": "Sed facile est bene agere cum eis a quibus etiam tacentibus flagitari videmur:", + "en": "But it is easy to deal fairly with men who seem to demand such treatment even though their voices are silenced." + }, + { + "id": 11794, + "la": "illud admirabilius et maius maximeque proprium senatus sapientis est, grata eorum virtutem memoria prosequi qui pro patria vitam profuderunt", + "en": "It is a more admirable and more generous and especially fitting thing for a wise senate to accompany with grateful memory the valor of those who have laid down their lives for their native land." + }, + { + "id": 11795, + "la": "Quorum de honore utinam mihi plura in mentem venirent!", + "en": "I only wish I could31 think of more ways to do them honor." + }, + { + "id": 11796, + "la": "Duo certe non praeteribo quae maxime occurrunt: quorum alterum pertinet ad virorum fortissimorum gloriam sempiternam, alterum ad leniendum maerorem et luctum proximorum", + "en": "At least I shall not omit the two ways which most readily occur to me. One of them relates to the everlasting glory of these outstandingly brave men, the other to alleviating the grief and lamentation of their relations." + }, + { + "id": 11797, + "la": "[12] Placet igitur mihi, patres conscripti, legionis Martiae militibus et eis qui una pugnantes occiderint monumentum fieri quam amplissimum", + "en": "[12] Therefore, Members of the Senate, I recommend the erection of a monument on the grandest possible scale to the soldiers of the Martian Legion and to those who fell fighting at their side." + }, + { + "id": 11798, + "la": "Magna atque incredibilia sunt in rem publicam huius merita legionis", + "en": "Great and extraordinary are the services of this legion to the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11799, + "la": "Haec se prima latrocinio abrupit Antoni; haec tenuit Albam; haec se ad Caesarem contulit; hanc imitata quarta legio parem virtutis gloriam consecuta est", + "en": "This legion was the first to sever itself from Antonius banditry; this held Alba; this went over to Caesar. Following its example, the Fourth Legion won equal glory for its manly conduct." + }, + { + "id": 11800, + "la": "Quarta victrix desiderat neminem: ex Martia non nulli in ipsa victoria conciderunt", + "en": "The conquering Fourth has not lost a man. Of the Martian, some fell in the hour of victory." + }, + { + "id": 11801, + "la": "O fortunata mors quae naturae debita pro patria est potissimum reddita!", + "en": "Death, our debt to nature, is fortunate indeed when it is paid for the sake of ones native land." + }, + { + "id": 11802, + "la": "Vos vero patriae natos iudico; quorum etiam nomen a Marte est, ut idem deus urbem hanc gentibus, vos huic urbi genuisse videatur", + "en": "But you, I32 declare, were born for your native land, you whose very name is from Mars, so that the same god may appear to have given birth to this city for the world and to you for this city." + }, + { + "id": 11803, + "la": "In fuga foeda mors est; in victoria gloriosa", + "en": "Death in flight is shameful, in victory glorious." + }, + { + "id": 11804, + "la": "Etenim Mars ipse ex acie fortissimum quemque pignerari solet", + "en": "Mars himself customarily appropriates as his own the bravest in the battle line." + }, + { + "id": 11805, + "la": "Illi igitur impii quos cecidistis etiam ad inferos poenas parricidi luent; vos vero qui extremum spiritum in victoria effudistis piorum estis sedem et locum consecuti", + "en": "Those traitors whom you killed will pay for their crime of treason even in the world below; whereas you who breathed your last in victory have gained the dwelling place of pious souls." + }, + { + "id": 11806, + "la": "Brevis a natura vita nobis data est; at memoria bene redditae vitae sempiterna", + "en": "Brief is the life granted us by nature, but the memory of a life nobly sacrificed is eternal." + }, + { + "id": 11807, + "la": "Quae si non esset longior quam haec vita, quis esset tam amens qui maximis laboribus et periculis ad summam laudem gloriamque contenderet?", + "en": "And if that memory lasted no longer than this life of ours, who would be so mad as to strive after highest praise and glory at the cost of most grievous toils and perils?" + }, + { + "id": 11808, + "la": "Actum igitur praeclare vobiscum, fortissimi, dum vixistis, nunc vero etiam sanctissimi milites, quod vestra virtus neque oblivione eorum qui nunc sunt nec reticentia posterorum sepulta esse poterit, cum vobis immortale monumentum suis paene manibus senatus populusque Romanus exstruxerit", + "en": "Therefore, it has gone well with you, most valiant soldiers33 while you lived and now also most revered because your valor will be able to be buried neither in the oblivion of the present generation nor in the silence of posterity, since the senate and people of Rome will raise for you, I might almost say with their own hands, an immortal memorial." + }, + { + "id": 11809, + "la": "Multi saepe exercitus Punicis, Gallicis, Italicis bellis clari et magni fuerunt, nec tamen ullis tale genus honoris tributum est", + "en": "Often many armies were great and famous in the Punic, Gallic, and Italian wars, and yet to none was paid an honor of this kind." + }, + { + "id": 11810, + "la": "Atque utinam maiora possemus, quando quidem a vobis maxima accepimus!", + "en": "If only we could do more, since from you we have received so much!" + }, + { + "id": 11811, + "la": "Vos ab urbe furentem Antonium avertistis; vos redire molientem reppulistis", + "en": "You turned Antonius in his fury away from Rome. You repelled him as he was getting ready to return." + }, + { + "id": 11812, + "la": "Erit igitur exstructa moles opere magnifico incisaeque litterae, divinae virtutis testes sempiternae, numquamque de vobis eorum qui aut videbunt vestrum monumentum aut audient gratissimus sermo conticescet", + "en": "Therefore, a magnificent structure will be raised and incised with an inscription that will bear eternal witness to your godlike valor; and the tongues of those who shall see or hear of your monument shall never cease to talk of you in profound gratitude." + }, + { + "id": 11813, + "la": "Ita pro mortali condicione vitae immortalitatem estis consecuti", + "en": "Thus in return for mortal life you have won immortality." + }, + { + "id": 11814, + "la": "[13] Sed quoniam, patres conscripti, gloriae munus optimis et fortissimis civibus monumenti honore persolvitur, consolemur eorum proximos, quibus optima est haec quidem consolatio: parentibus, quod tanta rei publicae praesidia genuerunt;", + "en": "[13] But, Members of the Senate, inasmuch as their34 due gift of glory is paid to our most loyal and valiant countrymen by the honor of a monument, let us offer solace to their relations, for whom the following is indeed the best solace: for their parents, that they gave birth to such bulwarks of the Republic;" + }, + { + "id": 11815, + "la": "liberis, quod habebunt domestica exempla virtutis;", + "en": "for their children, that they will have examples of courage in their own families;" + }, + { + "id": 11816, + "la": "coniugibus, quod eis viris carebunt, quos laudare quam lugere praestabit;", + "en": "for their wives, that they will be parted from husbands whom it will be more fitting to praise than to mourn;" + }, + { + "id": 11817, + "la": "fratribus, quod in se ut corporum, sic virtutis similitudinem esse confident", + "en": "for their brothers, that they will be confident of resembling them in valor as well as in bodily appearance." + }, + { + "id": 11818, + "la": "Atque utinam his omnibus abstergere fletum sententiis nostris consultisque possemus, vel aliqua talis eis adhiberi publice posset oratio qua deponerent maerorem atque luctum gauderentque potius,", + "en": "Would that we could wipe away the tears of all of these by our motions and decrees, or that a public oration could be made to them such as might persuade them to lay aside lamentation and mourning and rather rejoice" + }, + { + "id": 11819, + "la": "cum multa et varia impenderent hominibus genera mortis, id genus quod esset pulcherrimum suis obtigisse eosque nec inhumatos esse nec desertos, quod tamen ipsum pro patria non miserandum putatur, nec dispersis bustis humili sepultura crematos,", + "en": "that while many different kinds of death hang over mens heads, the fairest kind of all has befallen their kinsfolk; that their loved ones are not unburied and forsaken'though even that is accounted no pitiable fate if it is for the sake of ones native land'nor yet burnt with humble funeral rites and placed in scattered graves;" + }, + { + "id": 11820, + "la": "sed contectos publicis operibus atque muneribus eaque exstructione quae sit ad memoriam aeternitatis ara Virtutis", + "en": "that, instead, they will lie beneath a publicly raised monument, a structure that to all eternity shall be an altar of Valor." + }, + { + "id": 11821, + "la": "Quam ob rem maximum quidem solacium propinquorum eodem monumento declarari et virtutem suorum et populi Romani pietatem et senatus fidem et crudelissimi memoriam belli: in quo nisi tanta militum virtus exstitisset, parricidio M Antoni nomen populi Romani occidisset", + "en": "Therefore it will be the relatives greatest consolation35 that by the same monument is declared the valor of their kin, the respectfulness of the Roman people, the good faith of the senate, and the memory of a most brutal war, a war in which, if there had not existed the signal valor of our soldiers, the name of the Roman people would have perished by Marcus Antonius treason." + }, + { + "id": 11822, + "la": "Atque etiam censeo, patres conscripti, quae praemia militibus promisimus nos re publica recuperata tributuros, ea vivis victoribusque cumulate, cum tempus venerit, persolvenda; qui autem ex eis quibus illa promissa sunt pro patria occiderunt, eorum parentibus, liberis, coniugibus, fratribus eadem tribuenda censeo", + "en": "I further move, Members of the Senate, that the rewards which we promised to bestow upon the soldiers after the Republic had been set on its feet again are to be paid to them, living and victorious, with interest when the time comes. To the parents, children, wives, and brothers of those to whom those promises were made and who have died for their country, I move that the same be paid." + }, + { + "id": 11823, + "la": "[14] Sed ut aliquando sententia complectar, ita censeo:", + "en": "[14] But to embrace, finally, all this in a proposal, I36 move as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 11824, + "la": "Cum C Pansa consul, imperator, initium cum hostibus confligendi fecerit, quo proelio legio Martia admirabili incredibilique virtute libertatem populi Romani defenderit, quod idem legiones tironum fecerint;", + "en": "Whereas Gaius Pansa, consul and imperator, did commence an engagement with the enemy, in which battle the Martian Legion defended the freedom of the Roman people with wonderful and incredible valor, as did also the legions of new recruits;" + }, + { + "id": 11825, + "la": "ipseque C Pansa consul, imperator, cum inter media hostium tela versaretur, vulnera acceperit;", + "en": "and Gaius Pansa, consul and imperator, did himself receive wounds when he was engaged in the thick of the enemies missiles;" + }, + { + "id": 11826, + "la": "cumque A Hirtius consul, imperator, proelio audito, re cognita, fortissimo praestantissimoque animo exercitum castris eduxerit impetumque in M Antonium exercitumque hostium fecerit eiusque copias occidione occiderit, suo exercitu ita incolumi ut ne unum quidem militem desiderarit;", + "en": "and whereas Aulus Hirtius, consul and imperator, when he heard of the battle and learned the situation, did with exceptional courage lead out his army from camp and attack Marcus Antonius and his army composed of enemies and did cut Antonius forces to pieces without the loss of a single man from his own ranks;" + }, + { + "id": 11827, + "la": "cumque C Caesar , imperator, consilio diligentiaque sua castra feliciter defenderit copiasque hostium quae ad castra accesserant profligarit, occiderit:", + "en": "and whereas Gaius Caesar, propraetor and imperator,37 by skillful and prudent generalship did successfully defend his camp, putting to rout and slaughter such enemy forces as had approached his camp:" + }, + { + "id": 11828, + "la": "ob eas res senatum existimare et iudicare eorum trium imperatorum virtute, imperio, consilio, gravitate, constantia, magnitudine animi, felicitate populum Romanum foedissima crudelissimaque servitute liberatum", + "en": "I move that in recognition of these achievements the senate judges and pronounces that by the courage, ordinance, skill, steadfastness, resolution, devotion, and fortune of the three said commanders the Roman people has been freed from most cruel and degrading servitude.34" + }, + { + "id": 11829, + "la": "Cumque rem publicam, urbem, templa deorum immortalium, bona fortunasque omnium liberosque conservarint dimicatione et periculo vitae suae:", + "en": "Next, whereas in combat and hazard of their lives they have preserved the Republic, the city of Rome, the temples of the immortal gods, and the property, estates, and children of us all," + }, + { + "id": 11830, + "la": "uti ob eas res bene, fortiter feliciterque gestas C Pansa A Hirtius consules, imperatores, alter ambove, aut si aberunt, M Cornutus, praetor urbanus, supplicationes per dies quinquaginta ad omnia pulvinaria constituat", + "en": "I move that in honor of these courageous and successful actions, Gaius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius, consuls and imperators, either one or both, or in their absence Marcus Cornutus, the city praetor, shall institute public thanksgivings for a period of fifty days, in every place of worship.35" + }, + { + "id": 11831, + "la": "Cumque virtus legionum digna clarissimis imperatoribus exstiterit: senatum, quae sit antea pollicitus legionibus exercitibusque nostris, ea summo studio re publica recuperata persoluturum", + "en": "Next, whereas the valor of the legions has been shown38 worthy of their illustrious commanders, I move that the senate, upon the restoration of public order, shall discharge with all zeal the promises previously made to our legions and armies." + }, + { + "id": 11832, + "la": "Cumque legio Martia princeps cum hostibus conflixerit, atque ita cum maiore numero hostium contenderit ut plurimos caederent, caderent non nulli;", + "en": "Next, whereas the Martian Legion took the lead in engaging the enemy, and, fighting against odds, lost certain of their own number while inflicting heavy losses on their adversaries," + }, + { + "id": 11833, + "la": "cumque sine ulla retractatione pro patria vitam profuderint;", + "en": "sacrificing their lives for their own country with no backward thought;" + }, + { + "id": 11834, + "la": "cumque simili virtute reliquarum legionum milites pro salute et libertate populi Romani mortem oppetiverint:", + "en": "and whereas the soldiers of the remaining legions encountered death no less valiantly for the safety and liberty of the Roman people:" + }, + { + "id": 11835, + "la": "senatui placere ut C Pansa A Hirtius consules, imperatores, alter ambove, si eis videatur, eis qui sanguinem pro vita, libertate, fortunis populi Romani, pro urbe, templis deorum immortalium profudissent monumentum quam amplissimum locandum faciendumque urbanos ad eam rem pecuniam dare, attribuere, solvere iubeant,", + "en": "I move that it is the senates decision that Gaius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius, consuls and imperators, either one or both, if they see fit, make provision and contract for the erection of a monument on the grandest possible scale to those who have shed their blood for the life, liberty, and estate of the Roman people, for the city of Rome, and for the temples of the immortal gods; and further that those same officials shall direct the city quaestors to give, assign, and pay monies for the said monument," + }, + { + "id": 11836, + "la": "ut exstet ad memoriam posteritatis sempiternam scelus crudelissimorum hostium militumque divina virtus:", + "en": "to the end that there may be down through the ages an eternal record of our savage foes wickedness and of our own soldiers noble valor." + }, + { + "id": 11837, + "la": "utique, quae praemia senatus militibus ante constituit, ea solvantur eorum qui hoc bello pro patria occiderunt parentibus, liberis, coniugibus, fratribus, eisque tribuantur quae militibus ipsis tribui oporteret, si vivi vicissent qui morte vicerunt.", + "en": "Further, I move that the rewards previously authorized by the senate for the soldiers be paid to the parents, children, wives, or brothers of those who died for their native land in this war; and that they, the survivors, receive what the men themselves should have received, had they lived victorious who for victory died." + }, + { + "id": 11838, + "la": "[1] Quonam meo fato, patres conscripti, fieri dicam ut nemo his annis viginti rei publicae fuerit hostis qui non bellum eodem tempore mihi quoque indixerit?", + "en": "Marcus Tullius Ciceros Second Philippic Oration Against Marcus Antonius [1] To what destiny of mine, Members of the Senate, 1should I ascribe the fact that in these twenty years there was never an enemy of the Republic who did not at the same time declare war on me too?" + }, + { + "id": 11839, + "la": "Nec vero necesse est quemquam a me nominari: vobiscum ipsi recordamini", + "en": "There is no need for me to mention any names. Consult your own memories." + }, + { + "id": 11840, + "la": "Mihi poenarum illi plus quam optarem dederunt: te miror, Antoni, quorum facta imitere, eorum exitus non perhorrescere", + "en": "Those persons have paid me penalties greater than I should have desired. It surprises me, Antonius, that you do not dread the fate of those whose actions you imitate." + }, + { + "id": 11841, + "la": "Atque hoc in aliis minus mirabar", + "en": "In other cases I was less surprised by this phenomenon," + }, + { + "id": 11842, + "la": "Nemo enim illorum inimicus mihi fuit voluntarius, omnes a me rei publicae causa lacessiti", + "en": "for none of those people became my enemy by choice; they were all challenged by me for the sake of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11843, + "la": "Tu ne verbo quidem violatus, ut audacior quam Catilina, furiosior quam Clodius viderere, ultro me maledictis lacessisti, tuamque a me alienationem commendationem tibi ad impios civis fore putavisti", + "en": "Whereas you, against whom I did not even say a word, have assailed me with unprovoked abuse, as though you wished to look more reckless than Catiline and madder than Clodius, reckoning that your alienation from me would recommend you to disloyal citizens." + }, + { + "id": 11844, + "la": "Quid putem?", + "en": "What else am I to think?" + }, + { + "id": 11845, + "la": "Contemptumne me?", + "en": "That I am2 held in contempt?" + }, + { + "id": 11846, + "la": "Non video nec in vita nec in gratia nec in rebus gestis nec in hac mea mediocritate ingeni quid despicere possit Antonius", + "en": "I really fail to see anything in my life, my connections, my public record, or such modest talent as I possess, for Antonius to despise." + }, + { + "id": 11847, + "la": "An in senatu facillime de me detrahi posse credidit?", + "en": "Perhaps he thought that the senate was the place where I could most easily be disparaged?" + }, + { + "id": 11848, + "la": "Qui ordo clarissimis civibus bene gestae rei publicae testimonium multis, mihi uni conservatae dedit", + "en": "Well, this body has given many famous Romans its testimonials of good service to the Republic rendered in positions of responsibility: only to me has it given one for saving it." + }, + { + "id": 11849, + "la": "An decertare mecum voluit contentione dicendi?", + "en": "Can it be that he wished to meet me in an oratorical duel?" + }, + { + "id": 11850, + "la": "Hoc quidem est beneficium", + "en": "That is kind of him." + }, + { + "id": 11851, + "la": "Quid enim plenius, quid uberius mihi quam et pro me et contra Antonium dicere?", + "en": "Could I find any richer or more rewarding theme than in defending myself and attacking Antonius?" + }, + { + "id": 11852, + "la": "Illud profecto est: non existimavit sui similibus probari posse se esse hostem patriae, nisi mihi esset inimicus", + "en": "No, it must be as I said: he did not think people like himself would accept him as an enemy of his native land unless he was an enemy of mine." + }, + { + "id": 11853, + "la": "Cui prius quam de ceteris rebus respondeo, de amicitia quam a me violatam esse criminatus est, quod ego gravissimum crimen iudico, pauca dicam", + "en": "Before I reply to him concerning other matters, I shall 3say a few words about the friendship he charges me with violating, a charge that I take extremely seriously." + }, + { + "id": 11854, + "la": "[2] Contra rem suam me nescio quando venisse questus est", + "en": "[2] He has complained that at some time or other I appeared against his interests in a civil case." + }, + { + "id": 11855, + "la": "An ego non venirem contra alienum pro familiari et necessario, non venirem contra gratiam non virtutis spe, sed aetatis flore collectam, non venirem contra iniuriam quam iste intercessoris iniquissimi beneficio obtinuit, non iure praetorio?", + "en": "Can it be that I was not to appear against a stranger on behalf of a friend and connection,1 in opposition to influence gathered not by the promise of manly excellence but by youthful good looks; was I not to appear in opposition to an unfair advantage which that opponent had gained thanks to a grossly biased veto, not by due process of law in the praetors court." + }, + { + "id": 11856, + "la": "Sed hoc idcirco commemoratum a te puto ut te infimo ordini commendares, recordarentur libertini generum et liberos tuos nepotes Q Fadi, libertini hominis, fuisse", + "en": "But I imagine you brought up this incident to recommend yourself to the lowest tier of citizens, since they will all bear in mind that you were a freedmans son-in-law and that your children were the grandchildren of a freedman, Quintus Fadius.2" + }, + { + "id": 11857, + "la": "At enim te in disciplinam meam tradideras'nam ita dixisti'domum meam ventitaras", + "en": "Moreover, you say that you had put yourself under my direction'for so you claimed'had been a frequent visitor in my house." + }, + { + "id": 11858, + "la": "Ne tu, si id fecisses, melius famae, melius pudicitiae tuae consuluisses", + "en": "If indeed you had done so, you would have better looked after your reputation and your morals." + }, + { + "id": 11859, + "la": "Sed neque fecisti nec, si cuperes, tibi id per C Curionem facere licuisset", + "en": "But you did not; and even if you had so wished, Gaius Curio would not have let you.3" + }, + { + "id": 11860, + "la": "Auguratus petitionem mihi te concessisse dixisti", + "en": "You have asserted that you left me a free field as candidate 4for the augurate.4 ." + }, + { + "id": 11861, + "la": "O incredibilem audaciam, o impudentiam praedicandam!", + "en": "Scandalous impudence! How dare you make such a preposterous assertion?" + }, + { + "id": 11862, + "la": "Quo enim tempore me augurem a toto collegio expetitum Cn Pompeius et Q Hortensius nominaverunt'nec enim licebat a pluribus nominari'tu nec solvendo eras nec te ullo modo nisi eversa re publica fore incolumem putabas", + "en": "And at the time when Gnaeus Pompeius and Quintus Hortensius put my name forward at the instance of the entire College'no more than two nominators being permitted'you were a bankrupt who saw your only salvation in the overthrow of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11863, + "la": "Poteras autem eo tempore auguratum petere cum in Italia Curio non esset, aut tum cum es factus unam tribum sine Curione ferre potuisses?", + "en": "Besides, could you stand for the augurate at that time seeing that Curio was out of Italy, or on that occasion when you were elected, would you have been able to carry a single tribe without Curio?" + }, + { + "id": 11864, + "la": "Cuius etiam familiares de vi condemnati sunt quod tui nimis studiosi fuissent", + "en": "Friends of his were actually convicted of violence because of their excessive zeal on your behalf" + }, + { + "id": 11865, + "la": "[3] At beneficio sum tuo usus", + "en": "[3] You say I availed myself of a kindness from you." + }, + { + "id": 11866, + "la": "Quo? Quamquam illud ipsum quod commemoras semper prae me tuli: malui me tibi debere confiteri quam cuiquam minus prudenti non satis gratus videri", + "en": "5What kindness? To be sure, what you are talking about is indeed something I have always been the first to acknowledge. I have preferred to confess myself in your debt rather than let some foolish person think me wanting in gratitude." + }, + { + "id": 11867, + "la": "Sed quo beneficio?", + "en": "But what was the kindness?" + }, + { + "id": 11868, + "la": "Quod me Brundisi non occideris?", + "en": "That you did not kill me at Brundisium?" + }, + { + "id": 11869, + "la": "Quem ipse victor, qui tibi, ut tute gloriari solebas, detulerat ex latronibus suis principatum, salvum esse voluisset, in Italiam ire iussisset, eum tu occideres?", + "en": "Could you have killed one whom the conqueror himself, who, as you used to boast, had made you chief of his robber band, had wished to spare and ordered to return to Italy?5" + }, + { + "id": 11870, + "la": "Fac potuisse", + "en": "Suppose you could have done." + }, + { + "id": 11871, + "la": "Quod est aliud, patres conscripti, beneficium latronum nisi ut commemorare possint eis se dedisse vitam quibus non ademerint?", + "en": "That is the sort of kindness one gets from bandits, Members of the Senate: they can say they granted their lives to those whose lives they did not take." + }, + { + "id": 11872, + "la": "Quod si esset beneficium, numquam ei qui illum interfecerunt a quo erant conservati, quos tu ipse clarissimos viros soles appellare, tantam essent gloriam consecuti", + "en": "If that were a kindness, those who killed the man who had spared them, whom you yourself often call illustrious gentlemen, would never have won so much glory.6" + }, + { + "id": 11873, + "la": "Quale autem beneficium est quod te abstinueris nefario scelere?", + "en": "But where is the kindness in abstaining from an atrocious crime?" + }, + { + "id": 11874, + "la": "Qua in re non tam iucundum mihi videri debuit non interfectum a te quam miserum te id impune facere potuisse", + "en": "In this affair, I could not help but feel not so much pleased at not having been killed by you as unhappy that you could have done this with impunity." + }, + { + "id": 11875, + "la": "Sed sit beneficium, quando quidem maius accipi a latrone nullum potuit: in quo potes me dicere ingratum?", + "en": "But grant it was a kindness, since none greater could be 6accepted from a bandit: where can you say I have been ungrateful?" + }, + { + "id": 11876, + "la": "An de interitu rei publicae queri non debui, ne in te ingratus viderer?", + "en": "Should I have refrained from protesting at the destruction of the Republic for fear of seeming ungrateful to you?" + }, + { + "id": 11877, + "la": "At in illa querela misera quidem et luctuosa, sed mihi pro hoc gradu in quo me senatus populusque Romanus collocavit necessaria, quid est dictum a me cum contumelia, quid non moderate, quid non amice?", + "en": "And yet, in making that protest, a melancholy, mournful business but a necessary one in view of the rank conferred upon me by the senate and people of Rome, did I say an offensive word, did I speak immoderately, did I speak in an unfriendly fashion?" + }, + { + "id": 11878, + "la": "Quod quidem cuius temperantiae fuit, de M Antonio querentem abstinere maledicto, praesertim cum tu reliquias rei publicae dissipavisses, cum domi tuae turpissimo mercatu omnia essent venalia, cum leges eas quae numquam promulgatae essent et de te et a te latas confiterere, cum auspicia augur, intercessionem consul sustulisses, cum esses foedissime stipatus armatis, cum omnis impuritates pudica in domo cotidie susciperes vino lustrisque confectus", + "en": "That speech required a good deal of self-restraint'to complain of Marcus Antonius while refraining from personal attack! And that too after you had scattered the last remnants of the Republic to the winds, when everything was up for sale at your house in a shameful market, when you were acknowledging that you were both the beneficiary and author of legislation that was adopted without ever having been promulgated,7 when as augur you had abolished the auspices and as consul the right of veto, when you were surrounded by your abominable armed bodyguard, when you were daily indulging in every kind of vice in a virtuous house,8 exhausted by drink and debauchery?" + }, + { + "id": 11879, + "la": "At ego, tamquam mihi cum M Crasso contentio esset, quocum multae et magnae fuerunt, non cum uno gladiatore nequissimo, de re publica graviter querens de homine nihil dixi", + "en": "And yet, just as though 7I were in a controversy with Marcus Crassus, with whom I had many notable affrays, and not with the most worthless gladiator, I complained in grave terms on public grounds but said nothing about the man." + }, + { + "id": 11880, + "la": "Itaque hodie perficiam ut intellegat quantum a me beneficium tum acceperit", + "en": "Very well, today I shall make him realize just how considerable a kindness he had from me on that occasion" + }, + { + "id": 11881, + "la": "[4] At etiam litteras, quas me sibi misisse diceret, recitavit homo et humanitatis expers et vitae communis ignarus", + "en": "[4] Then there is the letter he said I wrote him.9 In his hopeless ignorance of civilized conduct and the usages of society, he read it aloud." + }, + { + "id": 11882, + "la": "Quis enim umquam, qui paulum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas offensione aliqua interposita in medium protulit palamque recitavit?", + "en": "Has anyone possessing the least acquaintance with the behavior of gentlemen ever produced a letter written to him by a friend with whom he had subsequently had a difference and read it aloud in public?" + }, + { + "id": 11883, + "la": "Quid est aliud tollere ex vita vitae societatem, tollere amicorum colloquia absentium?", + "en": "That amounts to robbing life of its social foundations, abolishing conversation between absent friends." + }, + { + "id": 11884, + "la": "Quam multa ioca solent esse in epistulis quae, prolata si sint, inepta videantur, quam multa seria neque tamen ullo modo divulganda!", + "en": "How many jests find their way into letters which would seem silly if produced in public, along with much that is serious but on no account to be divulged!" + }, + { + "id": 11885, + "la": "Sit hoc inhumanitatis: stultitiam incredibilem videte", + "en": "So much for uncivilized behavior. 8But look at the crass stupidity." + }, + { + "id": 11886, + "la": "Quid habes quod mihi opponas, homo diserte, ut Mustelae tamen Seio et Tironi Numisio videris'", + "en": "What would you have to say to me in reply, clever orator that you are, or at least appear to be in the eyes of Mustela Seius and Tiro Numisius'" + }, + { + "id": 11887, + "la": "qui cum hoc ipso tempore stent cum gladiis in conspectu senatus, ego quoque te disertum putabo, si ostenderis quo modo sis eos inter sicarios defensurus'", + "en": "why, there they are, standing sword in hand in full view of the senate! I too shall call you a clever speaker if you will show me how you intend to defend them in the court that punishes murder and the carrying of a weapon'" + }, + { + "id": 11888, + "la": "sed quid opponas tandem, si negem me umquam ad te istas litteras misisse?", + "en": "but I ask you, what would you have to say in reply, if I were to deny ever having sent you that letter?" + }, + { + "id": 11889, + "la": "Quo me teste convincas?", + "en": "Where is your witness to contradict me?" + }, + { + "id": 11890, + "la": "An chirographo, in quo habes scientiam quaestuosam?", + "en": "Would you prove it by the handwriting? You have a lucrative knowledge of that subject,10" + }, + { + "id": 11891, + "la": "Qui possis? Sunt enim librari manu", + "en": "but how could you when the letter is in the hand of a secretary?" + }, + { + "id": 11892, + "la": "Iam invideo magistro tuo, qui te tanta mercede quantam iam proferam nihil sapere doceat", + "en": "I really envy that coach of yours,11 seeing that he teaches you to be without any sense in exchange for an enormous fee, which I shall shortly be revealing." + }, + { + "id": 11893, + "la": "Quid enim est minus non dico oratoris, sed hominis quam id obicere adversario quod ille si verbo negarit longius progredi non possit qui obiecerit?", + "en": "To 9charge an opponent with something that cannot be followed up by the bringer of the charge, if his opponent simply denies it'that is not the act of a rational human being, to say nothing of an orator." + }, + { + "id": 11894, + "la": "At ego non nego, teque in isto ipso convinco non inhumanitatis solum sed etiam amentiae", + "en": "But I am not denying it. On this very point I prove you not only lacking in decency but an imbecile." + }, + { + "id": 11895, + "la": "Quod enim verbum in istis litteris est non plenum humanitatis, offici, benevolentiae?", + "en": "There is not a word in that letter that does not breathe courtesy, regard for duty, goodwill." + }, + { + "id": 11896, + "la": "Omne autem crimen tuum est quod de te in his litteris non male existimem, quod scribam tamquam ad civem, tamquam ad bonum virum, non tamquam ad sceleratum et latronem", + "en": "All you can say against it is that in this letter I dont think badly of you, I write as though I were writing to a fellow citizen and a gentleman, not to a criminal and a bandit." + }, + { + "id": 11897, + "la": "At ego tuas litteras, etsi iure poteram a te lacessitus, tamen non proferam:", + "en": "On my side, however, I shall not produce your letter, though after such provocation from you I could quite rightly do so." + }, + { + "id": 11898, + "la": "quibus petis ut tibi per me liceat quendam de exsilio reducere, adiurasque id te invito me non esse facturum; idque a me impetras", + "en": "In it you ask my permission to bring a certain person back from exile and swear that you will not do so against my will. You gained from me your request." + }, + { + "id": 11899, + "la": "Quid enim me interponerem audaciae tuae, quam neque auctoritas huius ordinis neque existimatio populi Romani neque leges ullae possent coercere?", + "en": "Why should I stand in the way of your audacity, which neither the authority of this body nor the opinion of the Roman people nor any laws could check?" + }, + { + "id": 11900, + "la": "Verum tamen quid erat quod me rogares, si erat is de quo rogabas Caesaris lege reductus?", + "en": "And yet, why ask me, if the man concerned 10had been brought back from exile by a law of Caesars?" + }, + { + "id": 11901, + "la": "Sed videlicet meam gratiam voluit esse, in quo ne ipsius quidem ulla esse poterat lege lata", + "en": "But I suppose Antonius wanted it to come as a favor from me, whereas it could not even count as a favor from himself given the passage of the law!" + }, + { + "id": 11902, + "la": "[5] Sed cum mihi, patres conscripti, et pro me aliquid et in M Antonium multa dicenda sint, alterum peto a vobis ut me pro me dicentem benigne, alterum ipse efficiam ut, contra illum cum dicam, attente audiatis", + "en": "[5] Members of the Senate, I have something to say on my own behalf and a good deal to say against Marcus Antonius. As to the former, I crave your indulgence when I speak in my defense; as for the latter, I shall myself make sure of your riveted attention when I denounce him." + }, + { + "id": 11903, + "la": "Simul illud oro: si meam cum in omni vita tum in dicendo moderationem modestiamque cognostis, ne me hodie, cum isti, ut provocavit, respondero, oblitum esse putetis mei", + "en": "And I have another request: if you are acquainted with my moderation and modesty as a man and as a speaker, do not suppose that I am forgetting myself today when I give this man the answer he has provoked." + }, + { + "id": 11904, + "la": "Non tractabo ut consulem: ne ille quidem me ut consularem", + "en": "I shall not treat him as a consul any more than he has treated me as a consular'" + }, + { + "id": 11905, + "la": "Etsi ille nullo modo consul, vel quod ita vivit vel quod ita rem publicam gerit vel quod ita factus est, ego sine ulla controversia consularis", + "en": "though he, after all, is nothing of a consul, neither in his mode of life nor in his official conduct nor in the manner of his election; whereas I without any question am a consular." + }, + { + "id": 11906, + "la": "Ut igitur intellegeretis qualem ipse se consulem profiteretur, obiecit mihi consulatum meum", + "en": "Well then, in order to let you see what kind of consul 11he professes himself to be, he reproached me with my consulship." + }, + { + "id": 11907, + "la": "Qui consulatus verbo meus, patres conscripti, re vester fuit", + "en": "Members of the Senate, that consulship was mine only in name; in reality it was yours." + }, + { + "id": 11908, + "la": "Quid enim ego constitui, quid gessi, quid egi nisi ex huius ordinis consilio, auctoritate, sententia?", + "en": "Every decision, every official act, everything I did was done by the advice and authority and vote of this body." + }, + { + "id": 11909, + "la": "Haec tu homo sapiens, non solum eloquens, apud eos quorum consilio sapientiaque gesta sunt ausus es vituperare?", + "en": "And now you, as a man of sense and not merely of eloquence, have dared to abuse these measures in front of those whose advice and wisdom determined them!" + }, + { + "id": 11910, + "la": "Quis autem meum consulatum praeter te et P Clodium qui vituperaret inventus est?", + "en": "Who was ever heard abusing my consulship except yourself and Publius Clodius, whose fate awaits you," + }, + { + "id": 11911, + "la": "Cuius quidem tibi fatum, sicuti C Curioni, manet, quoniam id domi tuae est quod fuit illorum utrique fatale", + "en": "as it awaited Gaius Curio, since you have that in your house which proved fatal to them both?12" + }, + { + "id": 11912, + "la": "Non placet M Antonio consulatus meus", + "en": "Marcus Antonius disapproves of my consulship." + }, + { + "id": 11913, + "la": "At placuit P Servilio, ut eum primum nominem ex illius temporis consularibus qui proxime est mortuus;", + "en": "12But Publius Servilius approved of it'to single out first among the consulars of that time the name of him who is the latest to have died." + }, + { + "id": 11914, + "la": "placuit Q Catulo, cuius semper in hac re publica vivet auctoritas;", + "en": "So did Quintus Catulus, a name that will ever live respected in this Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11915, + "la": "placuit duobus Lucullis, M Crasso, Q Hortensio, C Curioni, C Pisoni, M Glabrioni, M Lepido, L Vulcatio, C Figulo, D Silano, L Murenae, qui tum erant consules designati;", + "en": "So likewise the two Luculli, Marcus Crassus, Quintus Hortensius, Gaius Curio, Gaius Piso, Manius Glabrio, Manius Lepidus, Lucius Vulcatius, Gaius Figulus.13 So too the two consuls-elect at that time, Decimus Silanus and Lucius Murena." + }, + { + "id": 11916, + "la": "placuit idem quod consularibus M Catoni, qui cum multa vita excedens providit, tum quod te consulem non vidit", + "en": "The consulars approval was shared by Marcus Cato, who in taking leave of life displayed foresight in sparing himself many sorry sights but none sorrier than you as consul." + }, + { + "id": 11917, + "la": "Maxime vero consulatum meum Cn Pompeius probavit qui, ut me primum decedens ex Syria vidit, complexus et gratulans meo beneficio patriam se visurum esse dixit", + "en": "Above all, my consulship was approved by Gnaeus Pompeius, who at our first meeting on his return from Syria embraced me and congratulated me, saying that he owed it to me that he would see his native land again." + }, + { + "id": 11918, + "la": "Sed quid singulos commemoro?", + "en": "But why mention individuals?" + }, + { + "id": 11919, + "la": "Frequentissimo senatui sic placuit ut esset nemo qui mihi non ut parenti gratias ageret, qui mihi non vitam suam, fortunas, liberos, rem publicam referret acceptam", + "en": "A very full meeting of the senate approved so heartily that every member present thanked me as a son might thank a father, acknowledging himself indebted to me for life, goods, children, and the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11920, + "la": "[6] Sed quoniam illis quos nominavi tot et talibus viris res publica orbata est, veniamus ad vivos, qui duo de consularium numero reliqui sunt", + "en": "[6] But inasmuch as the Republic is now bereft of all 13the distinguished personages whom I have named, let me come to the two living consulars out of that roll who are still with us." + }, + { + "id": 11921, + "la": "L Cotta, vir summo ingenio summaque prudentia, rebus eis gestis quas tu reprehendis supplicationem decrevit verbis amplissimis, eique illi ipsi quos modo nominavi consulares senatusque cunctus adsensus est;", + "en": "There is the extremely wise and gifted Lucius Cotta. He proposed a Thanksgiving in the most flattering terms for the actions which you reprobate, and the entire senate, including these same consulars whose names I have just rehearsed, agreed to the motion." + }, + { + "id": 11922, + "la": "qui honos post conditam hanc urbem habitus est togato ante me nemini", + "en": "Never before, since the foundation of Rome, had that honor been granted to a civilian." + }, + { + "id": 11923, + "la": "L Caesar, avunculus tuus, qua oratione, qua constantia, qua gravitate sententiam dixit in sororis suae virum, vitricum tuum!", + "en": "There is also Lucius Caesar, your uncle, 14who made a most eloquent, resolute, and impressive speech against his own brother-in-law, your stepfather.14" + }, + { + "id": 11924, + "la": "Hunc tu cum auctorem et praeceptorem omnium consiliorum totiusque vitae debuisses habere, vitrici te similem quam avunculi maluisti", + "en": "You should have made him your guide and mentor in all decisions, in your whole life; but you preferred to resemble your stepfather rather than your uncle." + }, + { + "id": 11925, + "la": "Huius ego alienus consiliis consul usus sum: tu, sororis filius, ecquid ad eum umquam de re publica rettulisti?", + "en": "As consul I availed myself of his counsels, though I had no family connection with him: you are his sisters son, but have you ever once consulted him on public affairs?" + }, + { + "id": 11926, + "la": "At ad quos refert, di immortales?", + "en": "But good heavens, whom does Antonius consult?" + }, + { + "id": 11927, + "la": "Ad eos scilicet quorum nobis etiam dies natales audiendi sunt", + "en": "Those fellows, I suppose, whose very birthdays have to be brought to our notice." + }, + { + "id": 11928, + "la": "Hodie non descendit Antonius.", + "en": "Antonius is not appearing in public today." + }, + { + "id": 11929, + "la": "Cur? Dat nataliciam in hortis.", + "en": "Oh, why 15is that? He is giving a birthday party on his suburban estate.15" + }, + { + "id": 11930, + "la": "Cui? Neminem nominabo: putate tum Phormioni alicui, tum Gnathoni, tum etiam Ballioni", + "en": "For whom? Well, gentlemen, I wont name names. One day it will be for some Phormio, let us suppose, another for Gnatho, and another for Ballio even.16" + }, + { + "id": 11931, + "la": "O foeditatem hominis flagitiosam, o impudentiam, nequitiam, libidinem non ferendam!", + "en": "Foul! Infamous! Oh the intolerable shamelessness, worthlessness, licentiousness!" + }, + { + "id": 11932, + "la": "Tu cum principem senatorem, civem singularem tam propinquum habeas, ad eum de re publica nihil referas, referas ad eos qui suam rem nullam habent, tuam exhauriunt?", + "en": "Even though you have a leading senator, an outstanding member of the community as such a close relative, are you never to consult him about public affairs, but rather are you to consult those who have nothing of their own and drain what is yours?" + }, + { + "id": 11933, + "la": "Tuus videlicet salutaris consulatus, perniciosus meus", + "en": "So clearly your consulship is salutary, mine ruinous!" + }, + { + "id": 11934, + "la": "[7] Adeone pudorem cum pudicitia perdidisti ut hoc in eo templo dicere ausus sis in quo ego senatum illum qui quondam florens orbi terrarum praesidebat consulebam, tu homines perditissimos cum gladiis collocavisti?", + "en": "[7] Your tongue must have become as loose as your life, if you dare to say such a thing in the very temple where I used to consult the senate in its greatest days, when it ruled the world, and where you have posted desperados carrying weapons." + }, + { + "id": 11935, + "la": "At etiam ausus es'quid autem est quod tu non audeas?'", + "en": "You have even dared to say'but what dont 16you dare?" + }, + { + "id": 11936, + "la": "clivum Capitolinum dicere me consule plenum servorum armatorum fuisse, ut illa, credo, nefaria senatus consulta fierent, vim adferebam senatui!", + "en": "'that when I was consul, Capitol Rise17 was full of armed slaves. I forced the senate to pass those nefarious decrees under threat of violence, is that it?" + }, + { + "id": 11937, + "la": "O miser, sive illa tibi nota non sunt'nihil enim boni nosti'sive sunt, qui apud talis viros tam impudenter loquare!", + "en": "Miserable wretch, whether you dont know what happened'wholesome knowledge does not come your way'or whether you do! Such shameless talk before such an audience!" + }, + { + "id": 11938, + "la": "Quis enim eques Romanus, quis praeter te adulescens nobilis, quis ullius ordinis qui se civem esse meminisset, cum senatus in hoc templo esset, in clivo Capitolino non fuit, quis nomen non dedit?", + "en": "When the senate met in this temple, not one Roman knight, not one young nobleman except you, nobody of any class who remembered he was a Roman, but stood on Capitol Rise and volunteered his services." + }, + { + "id": 11939, + "la": "Quamquam nec scribae sufficere nec tabulae nomina illorum capere potuerunt", + "en": "There were not clerks enough or tablets enough to take the names." + }, + { + "id": 11940, + "la": "Etenim cum homines nefarii de patriae parricidio confiterentur, consciorum indiciis, sua manu, voce paene litterarum coacti se urbem inflammare, civis trucidare, vastare Italiam, delere rem publicam consensisse, quis esset qui ad salutem communem defendendam non excitaretur, praesertim cum senatus populusque Romanus haberet ducem, qualis si qui nunc esset, tibi idem quod illis accidit contigisset?", + "en": "For 17when wicked men were confessing to treason against their native land, when compelled by the evidence of their accomplices, by their own handwriting, and by documents which almost cried aloud, they admitted their plot to set Rome on fire, slaughter her citizens, lay Italy waste, and destroy the Republic, who was there who was not stirred to defend the common well-being, especially since the senate and people of Rome had a true leader, and if any of that sort were a leader now, what happened to the plotters would have happened to you." + }, + { + "id": 11941, + "la": "Ad sepulturam corpus vitrici sui negat a me datum", + "en": "He says I refused to give up his stepfathers body for burial." + }, + { + "id": 11942, + "la": "Hoc vero ne P quidem Clodius dixit umquam: quem, quia iure ei inimicus fui, doleo a te omnibus vitiis iam esse superatum", + "en": "Even Publius Clodius never said that, Clodius, who to my regret (for I had good reason to be his enemy) has now been outdone by you in all his vices." + }, + { + "id": 11943, + "la": "Qui autem tibi venit in mentem redigere in memoriam nostram te domi P Lentuli esse educatum?", + "en": "How, I wonder, 18did it occur to you to remind us that you were brought up in Publius Lentulus house?" + }, + { + "id": 11944, + "la": "An verebare ne non putaremus natura te potuisse tam improbum evadere, nisi accessisset etiam disciplina?", + "en": "Were you perhaps afraid that we might fail to believe that you could have turned out such a rogue by mere nature without the assistance of training?" + }, + { + "id": 11945, + "la": "[8] Tam autem eras excors ut tota in oratione tua tecum ipse pugnares, non modo non cohaerentia inter se diceres sed maxime diiuncta atque contraria, ut non tanta mecum quanta tibi tecum esset contentio", + "en": "[8] But in your witlessness you were fighting against yourself all through your speech. Not only did what you said lack coherence, but it was also downright out of joint and self-contradictory so that you were more in conflict with yourself than with me." + }, + { + "id": 11946, + "la": "Vitricum tuum fuisse in tanto scelere fatebare, poena adfectum querebare", + "en": "You admitted that your stepfather had been involved in that monstrous crime, but you complained of his punishment," + }, + { + "id": 11947, + "la": "Ita quod proprie meum est laudasti;", + "en": "thus praising what is properly mine" + }, + { + "id": 11948, + "la": "quod totum est senatus reprehendisti", + "en": "and blaming what is entirely the senates." + }, + { + "id": 11949, + "la": "Nam comprehensio sontium mea, animadversio senatus fuit", + "en": "For the arrest of the guilty men was my doing, their punishment was the senates." + }, + { + "id": 11950, + "la": "Homo disertus non intellegit eum quem contra dicit laudari a se, eos apud quos dicit vituperari", + "en": "Indeed a clever pleader! He does not understand that he is praising the man against whom he is speaking, while he is abusing his audience." + }, + { + "id": 11951, + "la": "Iam illud cuius est, non dico audaciae'cupit enim se audacem'sed, quod minime vult, stultitiae, qua vincit omnis, clivi Capitolini mentionem facere, cum inter subsellia nostra versentur armati, cum in hac cella Concordiae, di immortales, in qua me consule salutares sententiae dictae sunt, quibus ad hanc diem viximus, cum gladiis homines collocati stent!", + "en": "Now what sort of, I do not call it audacity'since he 19likes to be thought audacious'but rather what sort of unrivaled stupidity (which is the last thing he wants to hear) is it to make mention of Capitol Rise, when armed men are moving among our benches and stand posted sword in hand in this very sanctuary of Concord (o immortal gods) where salutary measures were proposed when I was consul, measures by which we have lived down to this day!" + }, + { + "id": 11952, + "la": "Accusa senatum; accusa equestrem ordinem, qui tum cum senatu copulatus fuit; accusa omnis ordines, omnis civis, dum confiteare hunc ordinem hoc ipso tempore ab Ituraeis circumsederi", + "en": "Accuse the senate by all means, accuse the order of knights, which on that occasion was united with the senate, accuse all classes, all citizens'so long as you confess that this body is surrounded by Ituraeans18 at this very moment!" + }, + { + "id": 11953, + "la": "Haec tu non propter audaciam dicis tam impudenter, sed quia tantam rerum repugnantiam non vide[a]s", + "en": "It is not audacity that makes you say these shameless things, but your failure to perceive glaring inconsistencies." + }, + { + "id": 11954, + "la": "Nihil profecto sapis", + "en": "Obviously you are a fool," + }, + { + "id": 11955, + "la": "Quid est enim dementius quam, cum rei publicae perniciosa arma ipse ceperis, obicere alteri salutaria?", + "en": "for nothing could be more senseless than to reproach another man for using armed force in the public interest when you have resorted to it yourself to the public injury." + }, + { + "id": 11956, + "la": "At etiam quodam loco facetus esse voluisti", + "en": "At one point you even wanted to be witty." + }, + { + "id": 11957, + "la": "Quam id te, di boni, non decebat!", + "en": "Good gods, 20how you fell flat on your face!" + }, + { + "id": 11958, + "la": "In quo est tua culpa non nulla; aliquid enim salis a mima uxore trahere potuisti", + "en": "That is partly your own fault'you could have picked up a little humor from your mime-actress spouse.19" + }, + { + "id": 11959, + "la": "Cedant arma togae. Quid? Tum nonne cesserunt?", + "en": "Let arms yield to civilian garb.20 Well, and didnt they at that time?" + }, + { + "id": 11960, + "la": "At postea tuis armis cessit toga", + "en": "Later on, it is true, the civilian garb yielded to your arms." + }, + { + "id": 11961, + "la": "Quaeramus igitur utrum melius fuerit libertati populi Romani sceleratorum arma an libertatem nostram armis tuis cedere, nec vero tibi de versibus plura respondebo: tantum dicam breviter, te neque illos neque ullas omnino litteras nosse;", + "en": "So let us ask a question, which was better: that the arms of criminals yield to the freedom of the Roman people or that our freedom yield to your arms? But I will not make you any further answer about the verses. I shall merely remark briefly that you know nothing about them or about any kind of literature." + }, + { + "id": 11962, + "la": "me nec rei publicae nec amicis umquam defuisse, et tamen omni genere monumentorum meorum perfecisse operis subsicivis ut meae vigiliae meaeque litterae et iuventuti utilitatis et nomini Romano laudis aliquid adferrent", + "en": "I, on the other hand, while never failing in my obligations to the Republic and to my friends, have employed my spare hours in producing works in a variety of genres that will preserve my name, in order that what I have written in the watches of the night may be of some profit to our young people and bring some credit to the Roman name." + }, + { + "id": 11963, + "la": "Sed haec non huius temporis: maiora videamus", + "en": "But this is not a time to speak of such things; let us move to greater matters." + }, + { + "id": 11964, + "la": "[9] P Clodium meo consilio interfectum esse dixisti", + "en": "[9] You say that I instigated the killing of Publius 21Clodius." + }, + { + "id": 11965, + "la": "Quidnam homines putarent, si tum occisus esset cum tu illum in foro inspectante populo Romano gladio insecutus es negotiumque transegisses, nisi se ille in scalas tabernae librariae coniecisset eisque oppilatis impetum tuum compressisset?", + "en": "Now what in the world would people be thinking if he had lost his life on the memorable occasion21 when you chased him with a sword in the Forum before the eyes of the Roman people and would have finished the job, if he had not flung himself under the stairs of a bookshop and barricaded them, thus stopping your assault?" + }, + { + "id": 11966, + "la": "Quod quidem ego favisse me tibi fateor, suasisse ne tu quidem dicis", + "en": "I admit that my sympathies were on your side on that occasion, but even you dont say that I put you up to it." + }, + { + "id": 11967, + "la": "At Miloni ne favere quidem potui;", + "en": "On the other hand, I could not even lend Milo encouragement," + }, + { + "id": 11968, + "la": "prius enim rem transegit quam quisquam eum facturum id suspicaretur", + "en": "since he finished the business before anybody suspected that he was going to set about it." + }, + { + "id": 11969, + "la": "At ego suasi", + "en": "But, it will be objected, I put him up to it." + }, + { + "id": 11970, + "la": "Scilicet is animus erat Milonis ut prodesse rei publicae sine suasore non posset", + "en": "No doubt Milo lacked spirit to do the Republic a service without an instigator!" + }, + { + "id": 11971, + "la": "At laetatus sum", + "en": "Ah, but I rejoiced." + }, + { + "id": 11972, + "la": "Quid ergo?", + "en": "So what?" + }, + { + "id": 11973, + "la": "In tanta laetitia cunctae civitatis me unum tristem esse oportebat?", + "en": "Was mine to be the only gloomy face when the whole community was making merry?" + }, + { + "id": 11974, + "la": "Quamquam de morte Clodi fuit quaestio, non satis prudenter illa quidem constituta'quid enim attinebat nova lege quaeri de eo qui hominem occidisset, cum esset legibus quaestio constituta?'quaesitum est tamen", + "en": "And yet, that there was an 22inquiry into Clodius death, an inquiry not very wisely constituted, it is true'for what was the point of trying a homicide under a new law when a legally constituted court already existed for that purpose?22'be that as it may, there was an inquiry." + }, + { + "id": 11975, + "la": "Quod igitur, cum res agebatur, nemo in me dixit, id tot annis post tu es inventus qui diceres", + "en": "So you turn up all these years later to make an accusation against me which nobody made during the actual proceedings.23" + }, + { + "id": 11976, + "la": "Quod vero dicere ausus es idque multis verbis, opera mea Pompeium a Caesaris amicitia esse diiunctum ob eamque causam culpa mea bellum civile esse natum, in eo non tu quidem tota re sed, quod maximum est, temporibus errasti", + "en": "You further dared to say, and at great length, that 23detaching Pompeius from Caesars friendship was my work and that therefore it was my fault that the Civil War broke out. In this you were not entirely wrong, but you were wrong about the timing, which is all-important." + }, + { + "id": 11977, + "la": "[10] Ego M Bibulo, praestantissimo cive, consule nihil praetermisi, quantum facere enitique potui, quin Pompeium a Caesaris coniunctione avocarem", + "en": "[10] In the consulship of that outstanding citizen Marcus Bibulus I did everything I could, no effort spared, to wean Pompeius from his alliance with Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 11978, + "la": "In quo Caesar felicior fuit; ipse enim Pompeium a mea familiaritate diiunxit", + "en": "But Caesar had the better luck: he detached Pompeius from his intimacy with me." + }, + { + "id": 11979, + "la": "Postea vero quam se totum Pompeius Caesari tradidit, quid ego illum ab eo distrahere conarer?", + "en": "But after Pompeius had put himself entirely in Caesars hands, why should I try to draw him away?" + }, + { + "id": 11980, + "la": "Stulti erat sperare, suadere impudentis", + "en": "It would have been folly to hope for that, impertinence to advise it." + }, + { + "id": 11981, + "la": "Duo tamen tempora inciderunt quibus aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim;", + "en": "However, 24there were two occasions when I advised Pompeius against Caesars interests," + }, + { + "id": 11982, + "la": "ea velim reprehendas, si potes:", + "en": "and you may blame me if you can:" + }, + { + "id": 11983, + "la": "unum ne quinquenni imperium Caesari prorogaret, alterum ne pateretur ferri ut absentis eius ratio haberetur", + "en": "one when I advised him not to extend Caesars five-year command, the other when I cautioned him against letting through the proposal that Caesar should be permitted to stand for office in absentia." + }, + { + "id": 11984, + "la": "Quorum si utrumvis persuasissem, in has miserias numquam incidissemus", + "en": "If he had listened to me on either point, we would never have fallen on these evil times." + }, + { + "id": 11985, + "la": "Atque idem ego, cum iam opes omnis et suas et populi Romani Pompeius ad Caesarem detulisset, seroque ea sentire coepisset quae ego multo ante provideram, inferrique patriae bellum viderem nefarium, pacis, concordiae, compositionis auctor esse non destiti, meaque illa vox est nota multis:", + "en": "But after Pompeius had already put all his own resources and those of the Roman people at Caesars disposal and begun too late to feel the truth of what I had long before foreseen, when I saw that a wicked war was threatening our native land, I never ceased advocating peace, concord, composition. There is a widely known saying of mine:" + }, + { + "id": 11986, + "la": "Utinam, Cn Pompei, cum C Caesare societatem aut numquam coisses aut numquam diremisses!", + "en": "Gnaeus Pompeius, if only you had either never gone into partnership with Gaius Caesar or never dissolved it!" + }, + { + "id": 11987, + "la": "Fuit alterum gravitatis, alterum prudentiae tuae.", + "en": "The first course would have befitted you as a man of principle, the second as a man of prudence." + }, + { + "id": 11988, + "la": "Haec mea, M Antoni, semper et de Pompeio et de re publica consilia fuerunt;", + "en": "Such, Marcus Antonius, was the advice I gave over the years concerning Pompeius and concerning the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 11989, + "la": "quae si valuissent, res publica staret, tu tuis flagitiis, egestate, infamia concidisses", + "en": "Had it prevailed, the Republic would still stand, and you would have been brought low by your scandalous behavior, your poverty and infamy." + }, + { + "id": 11990, + "la": "[11] Sed haec vetera, illud vero recens, Caesarem meo consilio interfectum", + "en": "[11] All this is old news, but here is something recent: 25he says I instigated Caesars killing." + }, + { + "id": 11991, + "la": "Iam vereor, patres conscripti, ne, quod turpissimum est, praevaricatorem mihi apposuisse videar, qui me non solum meis laudibus ornaret sed etiam oneraret alienis", + "en": "Members of the Senate, I really am afraid it may appear I have committed the disgraceful offense of putting up a sham prosecutor against myself, somebody not only to honor me with praise that is rightfully mine but also to load me with credit belonging to other people." + }, + { + "id": 11992, + "la": "Quis enim meum in ista societate gloriosissimi facti nomen audivit?", + "en": "Who ever heard my name linked with that partnership in a most glorious deed?" + }, + { + "id": 11993, + "la": "Cuius autem qui in eo numero fuisset nomen est occultatum?", + "en": "And was the name of any member of that company suppressed?" + }, + { + "id": 11994, + "la": "Occultatum dico?", + "en": "Suppressed, do I say?" + }, + { + "id": 11995, + "la": "Cuius non statim divulgatum?", + "en": "Rather, whose was not broadcast immediately?" + }, + { + "id": 11996, + "la": "Citius dixerim iactasse se aliquos ut fuisse in ea societate viderentur, cum conscii non fuissent, quam ut quisquam celari vellet qui fuisset", + "en": "I would sooner say that some individuals, although they were not in the secret, spoke boastingly so as to make it appear that they belonged to that association than that any man who did belong would wish to be concealed." + }, + { + "id": 11997, + "la": "Quam veri simile porro est in tot hominibus partim obscuris, partim adulescentibus, neminem occultantibus meum nomen latere potuisse?", + "en": "On top of that, how likely is it that my name could 26have remained hidden among so many, some of them persons unknown to fame, others quite young, persons who concealed nobody?" + }, + { + "id": 11998, + "la": "Etenim si auctores ad liberandam patriam desiderarentur illis a[u]ctoribus, Brutos ego impellerem, quorum uterque L Bruti imaginem cotidie videret, alter etiam Ahalae?", + "en": "And if instigators for liberating our native land were needed by those doers of the deed, was I to spur on the two Bruti, both of whom saw Lucius Brutus portrait every day, and one of them also Ahalas?24" + }, + { + "id": 11999, + "la": "Hi igitur his maioribus ab alienis potius consilium peterent quam a suis et foris potius quam domo?", + "en": "Sprung from such ancestors, would they seek inspiration from outsiders rather than from their own blood, abroad rather than at home?" + }, + { + "id": 12000, + "la": "Quid C Cassius?", + "en": "What of Gaius Cassius?" + }, + { + "id": 12001, + "la": "In ea familia natus quae non modo dominatum sed ne potentiam quidem cuiusquam ferre potuit me auctorem, credo, desideravit!", + "en": "Born in a family that could tolerate no mans superior power, to say nothing of despotism,25 he had need of me, I suppose, to prompt him!" + }, + { + "id": 12002, + "la": "Qui etiam sine his clarissimis viris hanc rem in Cilicia ad ostium fluminis Cydni confecisset, si ille ad eam ripam quam constituerat, non ad contrariam navis appulisset", + "en": "Even without these most illustrious men, he would have finished this business in Cilicia, at the mouth of the river Cydnus, if Caesar had moored his ships to the bank originally determined, instead of the one opposite.26" + }, + { + "id": 12003, + "la": "Cn Domitium non patris interitus, clarissimi viri, non avunculi mors, non spoliatio dignitatis ad recuperandam libertatem, sed mea auctoritas excitavit?", + "en": "Was 27Gnaeus Domitius27 roused to recover freedom by my influence and not by the slaying of his illustrious father, the death of his uncle, the deprivation of his status?" + }, + { + "id": 12004, + "la": "An C Trebonio ego persuasi?", + "en": "Or did I persuade Gaius Trebonius?" + }, + { + "id": 12005, + "la": "Cui ne suadere quidem ausus essem", + "en": "I should not have ventured even to offer him advice." + }, + { + "id": 12006, + "la": "Quo etiam maiorem ei res publica gratiam debet, qui libertatem populi Romani unius amicitiae praeposuit depulsorque dominatus quam particeps esse maluit", + "en": "The Republic, therefore, owes him gratitude all the greater for placing the freedom of the Roman people above the friendship of an individual and choosing to be an overthrower of despotism rather than a partner in it." + }, + { + "id": 12007, + "la": "An L Tillius Cimber me est auctorem secutus?", + "en": "Or did Lucius Tillius Cimber follow me as his prompter?" + }, + { + "id": 12008, + "la": "Quem ego magis fecisse illam rem sum admiratus quam facturum putavi, admiratus autem ob eam causam quod immemor beneficiorum, memor patriae fuisset", + "en": "I rather admired him for doing that deed than expected it of him'admired because he forgot favors and was mindful of his native land." + }, + { + "id": 12009, + "la": "Quid duo Servilii9'Cascas dicam an Ahalas?", + "en": "And then the two Servilii' Cascas shall I call them, or Ahalas?28" + }, + { + "id": 12010, + "la": "Et hos auctoritate mea censes excitatos potius quam caritate rei publicae?", + "en": "Do you suppose they too were spurred by advice from me rather than by patriotism?" + }, + { + "id": 12011, + "la": "Longum est persequi ceteros, idque rei publicae praeclarum, fuisse tam multos, ipsis gloriosum", + "en": "It would take me too long to go through the rest of the list; happy for the Republic that there were so many, and glorious for themselves!" + }, + { + "id": 12012, + "la": "[12] At quem ad modum me coarguerit homo acutus recordamini", + "en": "[12] However, do remember how the clever fellow 28proved his point against me." + }, + { + "id": 12013, + "la": "Caesare interfecto inquit statim cruentum alte extollens Brutus pugionem Ciceronem nominatim exclamavit atque ei recuperatam libertatem est gratulatus.", + "en": "The moment Caesar was killed, says he, Brutus raised his bloodstained dagger high, called on Cicero by name, and congratulated him on the recovery of freedom." + }, + { + "id": 12014, + "la": "Cur mihi potissimum?", + "en": "Now why me in particular?" + }, + { + "id": 12015, + "la": "Qui sciebam?", + "en": "Because I knew?" + }, + { + "id": 12016, + "la": "Vide ne illa causa fuerit appellandi mei quod, cum rem gessisset consimilem rebus eis quas ipse gesseram, me potissimum testatus est se aemulum mearum laudum exstitisse", + "en": "Quite possibly the reason he called my name was just this: after an achievement similar to my own he called on me rather than another to witness that he was now my rival in glory." + }, + { + "id": 12017, + "la": "Tu autem, omnium stultissime, non intellegis, si, id quod me arguis, voluisse interfici Caesarem crimen sit, etiam laetatum esse morte Caesaris crimen esse?", + "en": "You utter fool! Dont you see that if it is a crime to have 29wished Caesar killed, which is the charge you bring against me, it is also a crime to have been glad of Caesars death?" + }, + { + "id": 12018, + "la": "Quid enim interest inter suasorem facti et probatorem?", + "en": "What difference is there between one who advises an action and one who approves of it?" + }, + { + "id": 12019, + "la": "Aut quid refert utrum voluerim fieri an gaudeam factum?", + "en": "Or what does it matter whether I wanted it done or rejoice at the doing?" + }, + { + "id": 12020, + "la": "Ecquis est igitur exceptis eis qui illum regnare gaudebant qui illud aut fieri noluerit aut factum improbarit?", + "en": "Well then, is there anyone, apart from those who were happy to see Caesar king of Rome, who did not want this to happen or disapproved of the act?" + }, + { + "id": 12021, + "la": "Omnes ergo in culpa", + "en": "So we are all guilty." + }, + { + "id": 12022, + "la": "Etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt: aliis consilium, aliis animus, aliis occasio defuit; voluntas nemini", + "en": "And so, all decent men killed Caesar so far as it was in them to do so: some lacked design, some courage, some opportunity; none lacked the will." + }, + { + "id": 12023, + "la": "Sed stuporem hominis vel dicam pecudis attendite", + "en": "Observe the stupidity of the man, or of the brute, I 30should rather say." + }, + { + "id": 12024, + "la": "Sic enim dixit: M Brutus, quem ego honoris causa nomino, cruentum pugionem tenens Ciceronem exclamavit: ex quo intellegi debet eum conscium fuisse.", + "en": "For this is what he said: Marcus Brutus, whose name I mention with respect, called on Cicero as he held his bloodstained dagger: hence it ought to be inferred that Cicero was in the plot." + }, + { + "id": 12025, + "la": "Ergo ego sceleratus appellor a te quem tu suspicatum aliquid suspicaris;", + "en": "So then: you call me a criminal because you suspect that I suspected something," + }, + { + "id": 12026, + "la": "ille qui stillantem prae se pugionem tulit, is a te honoris causa nominatur", + "en": "whereas Brutus, who brandished his dripping weapon, is named by you with respect!" + }, + { + "id": 12027, + "la": "Esto; sit in verbis tuis hic stupor:", + "en": "Very good; so much for the stupidity in your words:" + }, + { + "id": 12028, + "la": "quanto in rebus sententiisque maior! Constitue hoc, consul, aliquando, Brutorum, C Cassi, Cn Domiti, C Treboni, reliquorum quam velis esse causam; edormi crapulam, inquam, et exhala", + "en": "how much greater the stupidity in your actions and opinions! Make up your mind, consul, at long last: decide what you want the status of the Bruti, Gaius Cassius Gnaeus Domitius, Gaius Trebonius, and the rest to be. Rouse yourself from your intoxication, I say, and blow it all out." + }, + { + "id": 12029, + "la": "An faces admovendae sunt quae excitent tantae causae indormientem?", + "en": "Will it take lighted torches to rouse you from your slumbers over an issue like this?" + }, + { + "id": 12030, + "la": "Numquamne intelleges statuendum tibi esse utrum illi qui istam rem gesserunt homicidaene sint an vindices libertatis?", + "en": "Will you never understand that you have to make up your mind whether the authors of that deed are murderers or champions of freedom?" + }, + { + "id": 12031, + "la": "[13] Attende enim paulisper cogitationemque sobrii hominis punctum temporis suscipe", + "en": "[13] Pay attention for a little while, and just for a moment try to 31think like a sober man." + }, + { + "id": 12032, + "la": "Ego, qui sum illorum, ut ipse fateor, familiaris, ut a te arguor, socius, nego quicquam esse medium:", + "en": "I, who am their close friend, as I myself acknowledge'their partner, as you accuse me of being'state that there is no middle ground:" + }, + { + "id": 12033, + "la": "confiteor eos, nisi liberatores populi Romani conservatoresque rei publicae sint, plus quam sicarios, plus quam homicidas, plus etiam quam parricidas esse, si quidem est atrocius patriae parentem quam suum occidere", + "en": "if they are not liberators of the Roman people and preservers of the Republic, I confess them to be worse than assassins, worse than murderers, worse even than parricides, if indeed it is a more atrocious crime to kill the father of the fatherland29 than ones own parent." + }, + { + "id": 12034, + "la": "Tu, homo sapiens et considerate, quid dicis?", + "en": "Well, what do you say in your pensive wisdom?" + }, + { + "id": 12035, + "la": "Si parricidas, cur honoris causa a te sunt et in hoc ordine et apud populum Romanum semper appellati?", + "en": "If you regard them as parricides, why have you always named them with respect both in this body and before the Roman people?" + }, + { + "id": 12036, + "la": "Cur M Brutus referente te legibus est solutus, si ab urbe plus quam decem dies afuisset?", + "en": "Why was Marcus Brutus on your motion granted dispensation from the laws, if he should be absent from Rome more than ten days?30" + }, + { + "id": 12037, + "la": "Cur ludi Apollinares incredibili M Bruti honore celebrati?", + "en": "Why were the Apollinarian Games celebrated with exceptional honor to Marcus Brutus?31" + }, + { + "id": 12038, + "la": "Cur provinciae Bruto, Cassio datae, cur quaestores additi, cur legatorum numerus auctus?", + "en": "Why were provinces given to Brutus and Cassius, why were quaestors assigned, why was the number of legates increased?32" + }, + { + "id": 12039, + "la": "Atqui haec acta per te", + "en": "And yet all of this was done through you." + }, + { + "id": 12040, + "la": "Non igitur homicidas", + "en": "Therefore you do not take them for murderers." + }, + { + "id": 12041, + "la": "Sequitur ut liberatores tuo iudicio, quando quidem tertium nihil potest esse", + "en": "It follows that in your judgment they are liberators, since there can be no third possibility." + }, + { + "id": 12042, + "la": "Quid est? Num conturbo te?", + "en": "What is 32it? Can it be that I am confusing you?" + }, + { + "id": 12043, + "la": "Non enim fortasse satis quae diiunctius dicuntur intellegis", + "en": "Perhaps you dont quite understand a logical dilemma." + }, + { + "id": 12044, + "la": "Sed tamen haec summa est conclusionis meae: quoniam scelere a te liberati sunt, ab eodem amplissimis praemiis dignissimos iudicatos", + "en": "However, this in sum is my conclusion: inasmuch as you have absolved them of crime, you have consequently judged them deserving of the highest rewards." + }, + { + "id": 12045, + "la": "Itaque iam retexo orationem meam", + "en": "So I now take back what I just said." + }, + { + "id": 12046, + "la": "Scribam ad illos ut, si qui forte, quod a te mihi obiectum est, quaerent sitne verum, ne cui negent", + "en": "I shall write to them and tell them, if anyone should inquire whether your charge against me is true, not to deny it to anyone at all." + }, + { + "id": 12047, + "la": "Etenim vereor ne aut celatum me illis ipsis non honestum aut invitatum refugisse mihi sit turpissimum", + "en": "Frankly, I am afraid that they may be criticized themselves for keeping me in the dark, or else that the refusal on my part to accept an invitation to join may be highly discreditable to me." + }, + { + "id": 12048, + "la": "Quae enim res umquam, pro sancte Iuppiter, non modo in hac urbe sed in omnibus terris est gesta maior, quae gloriosior, quae commendatior hominum memoriae sempiternae?", + "en": "For never, holy Jupiter, was a greater deed done in Rome or anywhere else in the world; none more glorious, none more sure to live forever in the memory of mankind." + }, + { + "id": 12049, + "la": "In huius me tu consili societatem tamquam in equum Troianum cum principibus includis?", + "en": "Do you make me a partner in that enterprise, shutting me inside with the leaders as in a Trojan Horse?" + }, + { + "id": 12050, + "la": "Non recuso; ago etiam gratias, quoquo animo facis", + "en": "I 33do not decline, I even thank you, no matter what your motive." + }, + { + "id": 12051, + "la": "Tanta enim res est ut invidiam istam quam tu in me vis concitare cum laude non comparem", + "en": "It is so great a matter that this odium which you want to stir up against me is in my eyes minor in comparison with the praise I shall receive." + }, + { + "id": 12052, + "la": "Quid enim beatius illis quos tu expulsos a te praedicas et relegatos?", + "en": "Is there anything happier than these men whom you boast of having driven out and banished?" + }, + { + "id": 12053, + "la": "Qui locus est aut tam desertus aut tam inhumanus qui illos, cum accesserint, non adfari atque appetere videatur?", + "en": "Is there a region either so uninhabited or so uncivilized that it will not seem to speak words of welcome when they approach?" + }, + { + "id": 12054, + "la": "Qui homines tam agrestes qui se, cum eos aspexerint, non maximum cepisse vitae fructum putent?", + "en": "Are there any human beings so uncouth as not to rate the sight of them the greatest experience of their lives?" + }, + { + "id": 12055, + "la": "Quae vero tam immemor posteritas, quae tam ingratae litterae reperientur quae eorum gloriam non immortalitatis memoria prosequantur?", + "en": "No future age will be found so unmindful, no literature so ungrateful as not to preserve their glory in everlasting remembrance." + }, + { + "id": 12056, + "la": "Tu vero ascribe me talem in numerum", + "en": "Yes, indeed, add my name to such a roll." + }, + { + "id": 12057, + "la": "[14] Sed unam rem vereor ne non probes:", + "en": "[14] However, there is one item which I fear may not 34meet with your approval:" + }, + { + "id": 12058, + "la": "si enim fuissem, non solum regem sed etiam regnum de re publica sustulissem;", + "en": "if I had had a hand in the matter, I would have removed monarchy from the Republic, and not merely the monarch;" + }, + { + "id": 12059, + "la": "et, si meus stilus ille fuisset, ut dicitur, mihi crede, non solum unum actum sed totam fabulam confecissem", + "en": "and if the pen had been mine, as it is alleged, believe me, I would have finished the whole play, not just one act.33" + }, + { + "id": 12060, + "la": "Quamquam si interfici Caesarem voluisse crimen est, vide, quaeso, Antoni, quid tibi futurum sit, quem et Narbone hoc consilium cum C Trebonio cepisse notissimum est et ob eius consili societatem, cum interficeretur Caesar, tum te a Trebonio vidimus sevocari", + "en": "But after all, Antonius, if it is a crime to have wished Caesar to be killed, consider, please, what is to become of you, since it is common knowledge that you plotted his death at Narbo with Gaius Trebonius;34 and it was because of your association with him in that plan that when Caesar was being killed we saw Trebonius take you aside." + }, + { + "id": 12061, + "la": "Ego autem'vide quam tecum agam non inimice'quod bene cogitasti aliquando, laudo;", + "en": "For my own part'do note how far I am from treating you as an enemy'I applaud the salutary thought you once entertained." + }, + { + "id": 12062, + "la": "quod non indicasti, gratias ago;", + "en": "I thank you for not turning informer." + }, + { + "id": 12063, + "la": "quod non fecisti, ignosco", + "en": "I forgive you for not taking action;" + }, + { + "id": 12064, + "la": "Virum res illa quaerebat", + "en": "that enterprise needed a man." + }, + { + "id": 12065, + "la": "Quod si te in iudicium quis adducat usurpetque illud Cassianum, cui bono fuerit, vide, quaeso, ne haereas", + "en": "But if 35someone should take you to court and quote that watchword of Cassius,35 Who stood to gain?, please be on your guard against getting caught." + }, + { + "id": 12066, + "la": "Quamquam illud fuit, ut tu dicebas quidem, omnibus bono qui servire nolebant, tibi tamen praecipue, qui non modo non servis sed etiam regnas;", + "en": "And yet, as you yourself used to say, everybody who did not want to be a slave gained thereby, but particularly you, who are not only no slave but even a monarch." + }, + { + "id": 12067, + "la": "qui maximo te aere alieno ad aedem Opis liberavisti;", + "en": "You took a vast load of debt off your shoulders at the Temple of Ops." + }, + { + "id": 12068, + "la": "qui per easdem tabulas innumerabilem pecuniam dissipavisti;", + "en": "You used the same records to squander more money than is able to be counted." + }, + { + "id": 12069, + "la": "ad quem e domo Caesaris tam multa delata sunt;", + "en": "So many things have been transferred from Caesars house to yours;" + }, + { + "id": 12070, + "la": "cuius domi quaestuosissima est falsorum commentariorum et chirographorum officina, agrorum, oppidorum, immunitatium, vectigalium flagitiosissimae nundinae", + "en": "and there a most lucrative factory of false memoranda and handwritten documents is in operation, and a scandalous market in lands, towns, exemptions, revenues." + }, + { + "id": 12071, + "la": "Etenim quae res egestati et aeri alieno tuo praeter mortem Caesaris subvenire potuisset?", + "en": "After all, 36what but Caesars death could have relieved your poverty and debt?" + }, + { + "id": 12072, + "la": "Nescio quid conturbatus esse videris: num quid subtimes ne ad te hoc crimen pertinere videatur?", + "en": "You seem a trifle agitated. Can it be that deep down inside you are afraid that this charge may appear to have something to do with you?" + }, + { + "id": 12073, + "la": "Libero te metu: nemo credet umquam", + "en": "I free you of your fear: nobody will ever believe it." + }, + { + "id": 12074, + "la": "Non est tuum de re publica bene mereri", + "en": "Service to the Republic is not your style." + }, + { + "id": 12075, + "la": "Habet istius pulcherrimi facti clarissimos viros res publica auctores", + "en": "As authors of that magnificent exploit the Republic has illustrious men." + }, + { + "id": 12076, + "la": "Ego te tantum gaudere dico, fecisse non arguo", + "en": "I say only that you are glad of it; I dont charge you with having done it." + }, + { + "id": 12077, + "la": "Respondi maximis criminibus: nunc etiam reliquis respondendum est", + "en": "I have answered the most serious charges. Now I must answer the rest as well." + }, + { + "id": 12078, + "la": "[15] Castra mihi Pompei atque illud omne tempus obiecisti", + "en": "[15] You brought up against me Pompeius camp and that whole period." + }, + { + "id": 12079, + "la": "Quo quidem tempore si, ut dixi, meum consilium auctoritasque valuisset, tu hodie egeres, nos liberi essemus, res publica non tot duces et exercitus amisisset", + "en": "As I have said, if my advice and influence had prevailed at that time, you would be a pauper today, we would be free men, and the Republic would not have lost so many leaders and armies." + }, + { + "id": 12080, + "la": "Fateor enim me, cum ea quae acciderunt providerem futura, tanta in maestitia fuisse quanta ceteri optimi cives, si idem providissent, fuissent", + "en": "I admit that, foreseeing the things that have happened, I was as sad as other good patriots would have been, if they had seen as far." + }, + { + "id": 12081, + "la": "Dolebam, dolebam, patres conscripti, rem publicam vestris quondam meisque consiliis conservatam brevi tempore esse perituram", + "en": "I grieved, indeed I grieved, Members of the Senate, at the imminent dissolution of the Republic, which your counsels and mine had once preserved." + }, + { + "id": 12082, + "la": "Nec vero eram tam indoctus ignarusque rerum ut frangerer animo propter vitae cupiditatem, quae me manens conficeret angoribus, dimissa molestiis omnibus liberaret", + "en": "I was not so unschooled, however, or so ignorant of the world as to be plunged in dismay because of any clinging to life'a life which while it lasted would plague me with sufferings but once let go would free me from all troubles." + }, + { + "id": 12083, + "la": "Illos ego praestantissimos viros, lumina rei publicae, vivere volebam, tot consularis, tot praetorios, tot honestissimos senatores, omnem praeterea florem nobilitatis ac iuventutis, tum optimorum civium exercitus;", + "en": "But I wanted those distinguished gentlemen to live, luminaries of the Republic, all those consulars and praetorians, so many highly respected senators, and, besides these, all the flower of our younger nobility, as well as the armies of patriotic citizens." + }, + { + "id": 12084, + "la": "qui si viverent, quamvis iniqua condicione pacis'mihi enim omnis pax cum civibus bello civili utilior videbatur'rem publicam hodie teneremus", + "en": "If they were alive, however unfair the terms of peace'and I regarded any peace with fellow countrymen more advantageous than civil war'we would retain today a Republic." + }, + { + "id": 12085, + "la": "Quae sententia si valuisset ac non ei maxime mihi quorum ego vitae consulebam spe victoriae elati obstitissent, ut alia omittam, tu certe numquam in hoc ordine vel potius numquam in hac urbe mansisses", + "en": "If my opinion had prevailed and if 38those whose lives I was anxious to preserve had not in their confidence of victory been foremost to oppose me, well, to mention only one thing, you would assuredly never have remained in this body, or rather in this city." + }, + { + "id": 12086, + "la": "At vero Cn Pompei voluntatem a me alienabat oratio mea", + "en": "You say that the way I talked lost me Pompeius friendship." + }, + { + "id": 12087, + "la": "An ille quemquam plus dilexit, cum ullo aut sermones aut consilia contulit saepius?", + "en": "Was there a man for whom he had more regard, with whom he talked and conferred more often?" + }, + { + "id": 12088, + "la": "Quod quidem erat magnum, de summa re publica dissentientis in eadem consuetudine amicitiae permanere", + "en": "That was no small thing, that two men, though holding divergent views on the great question affecting the Republic, remained on their old friendly footing." + }, + { + "id": 12089, + "la": "Sed et ego quid ille et contra ille quid ego sentirem et spectarem videbat", + "en": "But each of us saw what the other felt and was taking into consideration." + }, + { + "id": 12090, + "la": "Ego incolumitati civium primum ut postea dignitati possemus, ille praesenti dignitati potius consulebat", + "en": "My concern was for the survival of our countrymen first and foremost; dignity could be considered later. He cared rather for dignity in the present." + }, + { + "id": 12091, + "la": "Quod autem habebat uterque quid sequeretur, idcirco tolerabilior erat nostra dissensio", + "en": "The fact that each of us had a reasonable aim made our disagreement easier to bear." + }, + { + "id": 12092, + "la": "Quid vero ille singularis vir ac paene divinus de me senserit sciunt qui eum de Pharsalia fuga Paphum persecuti sunt", + "en": "What that eminent, 39almost superhuman man thought of me is known to those who accompanied him in his flight from Pharsalia to Paphos.36" + }, + { + "id": 12093, + "la": "Numquam ab eo mentio de me nisi honorifica, nisi plena amicissimi desideri, cum me vidisse plus fateretur, se speravisse meliora", + "en": "He never mentioned me except in terms of honor, full of affection and the wish that I were by his side, acknowledging that mine had been the surer vision, his a hope for a better outcome." + }, + { + "id": 12094, + "la": "Et eius viri nomine me insectari audes cuius me amicum, te sectorem esse fateare?", + "en": "Do you dare to attack me in the name of that man, whose friend you acknowledge I was, whereas you confess yourself to be the liquidator of his confiscated property?" + }, + { + "id": 12095, + "la": "[16] Sed omittatur bellum illud in quo tu nimium felix fuisti", + "en": "[16] But let us say no more about that war, in which you were all too fortunate." + }, + { + "id": 12096, + "la": "Ne iocis quidem respondebo quibus me in castris usum esse dixisti: erant quidem illa castra plena curae;", + "en": "Nor shall I make any reply about the joking you claimed I did in Pompeys camp. That camp was full of anxiety;" + }, + { + "id": 12097, + "la": "verum tamen homines, quamvis in turbidis rebus sint, tamen, si modo homines sunt, interdum animis relaxantur", + "en": "but human beings sometimes let their minds relax, even in the most troubled of times, if human they be." + }, + { + "id": 12098, + "la": "Quod autem idem maestitiam meam reprehendit, idem iocum, magno argumento est me in utroque fuisse moderatum", + "en": "But the fact that one 40minute he censures my gloom, the next my jesting, is a pretty good indication that I did not overdo either." + }, + { + "id": 12099, + "la": "Hereditates mihi negasti venire", + "en": "You said that bequests do not come my way." + }, + { + "id": 12100, + "la": "Utinam hoc tuum verum crimen esset!", + "en": "I only wish this taunt of yours were true!" + }, + { + "id": 12101, + "la": "Plures amici mei et necessarii viverent", + "en": "In that case, more of my friends and connections would still be alive." + }, + { + "id": 12102, + "la": "Sed qui istuc tibi venit in mentem?", + "en": "But what put that into your head?" + }, + { + "id": 12103, + "la": "Ego enim amplius sestertium ducentiens acceptum hereditatibus rettuli", + "en": "Actually my account books show that I have received more than twenty million sesterces in bequests." + }, + { + "id": 12104, + "la": "Quamquam in hoc genere fateor feliciorem esse te", + "en": "I must admit, though, that you have better luck in this area." + }, + { + "id": 12105, + "la": "Me nemo nisi amicus fecit heredem, ut cum illo commodo, si quod erat, animi quidam dolor iungeretur;", + "en": "Nobody ever made me his heir unless he was a friend, so that any benefit there was came along with a certain amount of grief;" + }, + { + "id": 12106, + "la": "te is quem tu vidisti numquam, L Rubrius Casinas [fecit heredem]", + "en": "whereas Lucius Rubrius of Casinum made you his heir, a man you never set eyes on." + }, + { + "id": 12107, + "la": "Et quidem vide quam te amarit is qui albus aterne fuerit ignoras", + "en": "And see how fond he was of you, this person who may have been white or black for all you know!" + }, + { + "id": 12108, + "la": "Fratris filium praeterit, Q Fufi, honestissimi equitis Romani suique amicissimi;", + "en": "He passed over the son of his brother, Quintus Fufius, a much respected Roman knight with whom he was on very good terms," + }, + { + "id": 12109, + "la": "quem palam heredem semper factitarat, ne nominat quidem: te, quem numquam viderat ut cere numquam salutaverat, fecit heredem", + "en": "and did not even mention in his will the one he had always made his heir in open declaration; whereas you, on whom he had never set eyes, or at any rate had never spoken to, he made his heir." + }, + { + "id": 12110, + "la": "Velim mihi dicas, nisi molestum est, L Turselius qua facie fuerit, qua statura, quo municipio, qua tribu", + "en": "Tell me please, if you dont mind, what Lucius Turselius looked like, what was his height, his home town, his tribe." + }, + { + "id": 12111, + "la": "Nihil scio, inquies, nisi quae praedia habuerit.", + "en": "I know nothing about him, you will say, except what farms he owned." + }, + { + "id": 12112, + "la": "Igitur fratrem exheredans te faciebat heredem", + "en": "Therefore, he disinherited his brother and made you his heir." + }, + { + "id": 12113, + "la": "In multas praeterea pecunias alienissimorum hominum vi eiectis veris heredibus, tamquam heres esset, invasit", + "en": "Besides these, Antonius has seized many sums of money belonging to total strangers, claiming to be their heir and forcibly ejecting the real heirs." + }, + { + "id": 12114, + "la": "Quamquam hoc maxime admiratus sum, mentionem te hereditatum ausum esse facere, cum ipse hereditatem patris non adisses", + "en": "And yet this is what most surprised me, that you 42dared to mention bequests when you yourself had refused to accept your fathers estate.38" + }, + { + "id": 12115, + "la": "[17] Haec ut colligeres, homo amentissime, tot dies in aliena villa declamasti?", + "en": "[17] Was it to rake this stuff together, you addle-brain, that you spent all these days declaiming in a country house that does not belong to you?39" + }, + { + "id": 12116, + "la": "Quamquam tu quidem, ut tui familiarissimi dictitant, vini exhalandi, non ingeni acuendi causa declamitas", + "en": "Though, to be sure, you do that to clear your head of intoxication from wine, not to sharpen your wits; thats what your closest friends claim." + }, + { + "id": 12117, + "la": "At vero adhibes ioci causa magistrum suffragio tuo et compotorum tuorum rhetorem, cui concessisti ut in te quae vellet diceret, salsum omnino hominem, sed materia facilis in te et in tuos dicta dicere", + "en": "Ah, but then for sport, you and your drinking companions voted to set up as the master of ceremonies a professional rhetorician, and you gave him permission to say whatever he liked against you'a witty fellow, no doubt, but you and your crowd make easy targets for satire." + }, + { + "id": 12118, + "la": "Vide autem quid intersit inter te et avum tuum", + "en": "Observe, however, the contrast between you and your grandfather:40" + }, + { + "id": 12119, + "la": "Ille sensim dicebat quod causae prodesset; tu cursim dicis aliena", + "en": "he spoke with deliberate care words that advanced his case; you speak in contradictions, helter-skelter." + }, + { + "id": 12120, + "la": "At quanta merces rhetori data est!", + "en": "But what a fee our 43rhetorician received!" + }, + { + "id": 12121, + "la": "Audite, audite, patres conscripti, et cognoscite rei publicae vulnera", + "en": "Hear, hear, Members of the Senate, and learn the blows dealt to the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 12122, + "la": "Duo milia iugerum campi Leontini Sex Clodio rhetori adsignasti et quidem immunia, ut populi Romani tanta mercede nihil sapere disceres", + "en": "You allocated two thousand iugera41 in the plain of Leontini to Sextus Clodius, professor of rhetoric, and tax-free at that; such a great price the Roman people had to pay for you to learn to be a fool!" + }, + { + "id": 12123, + "la": "Num etiam hoc, homo audacissime, ex Caesaris commentariis?", + "en": "Did this too come from Caesars memoranda, you insolent wretch?" + }, + { + "id": 12124, + "la": "Sed dicam alio loco et de Leontino agro et de Campano, quos iste agros ereptos rei publicae turpissimis possessoribus inquinavit", + "en": "But I shall be speaking elsewhere both of the Leontine and the Campanian lands,42 the lands Antonius snatched from the Republic and befouled with disgraceful tenants." + }, + { + "id": 12125, + "la": "Iam enim, quoniam criminibus eius satis respondi, de ipso emendatore et correctore nostro quaedam dicenda sunt", + "en": "For now, having sufficiently answered his charges, there are certain things I have to say about this censorious corrector of mine." + }, + { + "id": 12126, + "la": "Nec enim omnia effundam, ut, si saepius decertandum sit, ut erit, semper novus veniam: quam facultatem mihi multitudo istius vitiorum peccatorumque largitur", + "en": "But I shall not pour out everything so I may come always fresh to the fray, if there are to be further bouts, as doubtless there will be. The multitude of his vices and misdeeds affords me ample scope." + }, + { + "id": 12127, + "la": "[18] Visne igitur te inspiciamus a puero?", + "en": "[18] Are you in favor, then, of having us examine your 44record from boyhood?" + }, + { + "id": 12128, + "la": "Sic opinor; a principio ordiamur", + "en": "Yes, I think that is best. Let us begin from the beginning." + }, + { + "id": 12129, + "la": "Tenesne memoria praetextatum te decoxisse?", + "en": "Do you recollect that you went bankrupt before you came of age?" + }, + { + "id": 12130, + "la": "Patris, inquies, ista culpa est. Concedo", + "en": "That, you will say, was my fathers fault. I grant this;" + }, + { + "id": 12131, + "la": "Etenim est pietatis plena defensio", + "en": "your defense drips with a sons devotion to his father!" + }, + { + "id": 12132, + "la": "Illud tamen audaciae tuae quod sedisti in quattuordecim ordinibus, cum esset lege Roscia decoctoribus certus locus constitutus, quamvis quis fortunae vitio, non suo decoxisset", + "en": "But it was your own insolence that made you sit in the fourteen rows, although bankrupts had their place assigned to them under the Roscian law,43 even those whose plight was due to bad luck and no fault of their own." + }, + { + "id": 12133, + "la": "Sumpsisti virilem, quam statim muliebrem togam reddidisti", + "en": "You put on the toga of manhood and promptly turned it into the badge of a harlot.44" + }, + { + "id": 12134, + "la": "Primo vulgare scortum; certa flagiti merces nec ea parva; sed cito Curio intervenit, qui te a meretricio quaestu abduxit et, tamquam stolam dedisset, in matrimonio stabili et certo collocavit", + "en": "You started out as a common whore. Your shame had a fixed price, and no mean one. But quite soon, along came Curio, who took you out of the prostitutes trade, gave you a married ladys robe as it were, and settled you down in steady wedlock." + }, + { + "id": 12135, + "la": "Nemo umquam puer emptus libidinis causa tam fuit in domini potestate quam tu in Curionis", + "en": "No slave boy 45bought to satisfy lust was ever so completely in his masters power as you were in Curios." + }, + { + "id": 12136, + "la": "Quotiens te pater eius domu sua eiecit, quotiens custodes posuit ne limen intrares!", + "en": "How many times did his father throw you out of his house, how many times did he post guards to stop you from crossing the threshold!" + }, + { + "id": 12137, + "la": "Cum tu tamen nocte socia, hortante libidine, cogente mercede, per tegulas demitterere", + "en": "While you, with night to befriend you, lust to encourage you, gain to drive you, used to have yourself let down through the roof tiles." + }, + { + "id": 12138, + "la": "Quae flagitia domus illa diutius ferre non potuit", + "en": "Such shameful acts that house could bear no longer." + }, + { + "id": 12139, + "la": "Scisne me de rebus mihi notissimis dicere?", + "en": "You know, do you not, that I speak of matters with which I am fully familiar?" + }, + { + "id": 12140, + "la": "Recordare tempus illud cum pater Curio maerens iacebat in lecto;", + "en": "Recall that time when the elder Curio lay in bed, eating his heart out." + }, + { + "id": 12141, + "la": "filius se ad pedes meos prosternens, lacrimans, te mihi commendabat;", + "en": "The son fell at my feet in tears, asked me to take care of you," + }, + { + "id": 12142, + "la": "orabat ut se contra suum patrem, si sestertium sexagiens peteret, defenderem;", + "en": "begged me to shield him from his own fathers wrath in case he asked for six million sesterces45'" + }, + { + "id": 12143, + "la": "tantum enim se pro te intercessisse dicebat", + "en": "that being the sum for which he said he had gone surety for you." + }, + { + "id": 12144, + "la": "Ipse autem amore ardens confirmabat, quod desiderium tui discidi ferre non posset, se in exsilium iturum", + "en": "For himself, in his lovers fever the young man assured me that he would go into self-imposed exile because he could not bear the pain of separation from you." + }, + { + "id": 12145, + "la": "Quo tempore ego quanta mala florentissimae familiae sedavi vel potius sustuli!", + "en": "It was I who at this point eased the grave 46troubles of a flourishing family, or rather removed them." + }, + { + "id": 12146, + "la": "Patri persuasi ut aes alienum fili dissolveret, redimeret adulescentem, summa spe et animi et ingeni praeditum, rei familiaris facultatibus eumque non modo tua familiaritate sed etiam congressione patrio iure et potestate prohiberet", + "en": "I persuaded Curios father to settle his sons debt, to use his familys financial resources to save the credit of a young man whose disposition and talents promised so well, and further, to use his right and authority as a father to forbid his son to associate with you or even meet you." + }, + { + "id": 12147, + "la": "Haec tu cum per me acta meminisses, nisi illis quos videmus gladiis confideres, maledictis me provocare ausus esses?", + "en": "Remembering what happened then through my intervention, would you have dared to challenge me with insults, if you had not put your trust in those weapons which we see before our eyes?" + }, + { + "id": 12148, + "la": "[19] Sed iam stupra et flagitia omittamus: sunt quaedam quae honeste non possum dicere;", + "en": "[19] But let us say no more of shame and debauchery. 47There are some things of which I cannot decently speak." + }, + { + "id": 12149, + "la": "tu autem eo liberior quod ea in te admisisti quae a verecundo inimico audire non posses", + "en": "You have greater freedom because you have committed offenses too shameful to be spoken of by an enemy with a sense of decorum." + }, + { + "id": 12150, + "la": "Sed reliquum vitae cursum videte, quem quidem celeriter perstringam", + "en": "Let me pass on to the rest of the career, which I shall only touch upon rapidly," + }, + { + "id": 12151, + "la": "Ad haec enim quae in civili bello, in maximis rei publicae miseriis fecit, et ad ea quae cotidie facit, festinat animus", + "en": "for I am impatient to get on to what he did in the Civil War, that time of greatest national misery, and to what he is doing every day." + }, + { + "id": 12152, + "la": "Quae peto ut, quamquam multo notiora vobis quam mihi sunt, tamen, ut facitis, attente audiatis", + "en": "You gentlemen know all that much better than I, but still I beg you to listen closely, as you are doing." + }, + { + "id": 12153, + "la": "Debet enim talibus in rebus excitare animos non cognitio solum rerum sed etiam recordatio; etsi incidamus, opinor, media ne nimis sero ad extrema veniamus", + "en": "In matters such as these we should be stirred not only by learning of them but even by remembering them. However, I think I had best cut short the middle of the story lest it take me too long to reach the final stages." + }, + { + "id": 12154, + "la": "Intimus erat in tribunatu Clodio qui sua erga me beneficia commemorat; eius omnium incendiorum fax, cuius etiam domi iam tum quiddam molitus est", + "en": "This fellow who is reminding me of the favors he 48has done me was intimate with Clodius during the latters tribunate. Antonius was the torch that set light to all Clodius conflagrations, and even at that period, he was up to something in Clodius house." + }, + { + "id": 12155, + "la": "Quid dicam ipse optime intellegit", + "en": "He himself knows very well what I mean.46" + }, + { + "id": 12156, + "la": "Inde iter Alexandriam contra senatus auctoritatem, contra rem publicam et religiones; sed habebat ducem Gabinium, quicum quidvis rectissime facere posset", + "en": "Then his journey to Alexandria, in defiance of the senates authority, of the Republic, of religious bars47'but he served under Gabinius, and anything he did in Gabinius company could not but be right and proper." + }, + { + "id": 12157, + "la": "Qui tum inde reditus aut qualis?", + "en": "So what was the manner of his return at that time?" + }, + { + "id": 12158, + "la": "Prius in ultimam Galliam ex Aegypto quam domum Quae autem domus?", + "en": "First, he traveled from Egypt to Outer Gaul48 instead of coming home. And what home?" + }, + { + "id": 12159, + "la": "Suam enim quisque domum tum obtinebat nec erat usquam tua Domum dico?", + "en": "In those days everybodys home was his own,49 and yours did not exist anywhere. Home, do I say?" + }, + { + "id": 12160, + "la": "Quid erat in terris ubi in tuo pedem poneres praeter unum Misenum, quod cum sociis tamquam Sisaponem tenebas?", + "en": "Nowhere on earth was there a place where you could set foot on your own ground, excepting only your property at Misenum,50 which you held with partners like a property at Sisapo.51" + }, + { + "id": 12161, + "la": "[20] Venis e Gallia ad quaesturam petendam", + "en": "[20] You come back 49from Gaul to stand for the quaestorship.52" + }, + { + "id": 12162, + "la": "Aude dicere te prius ad parentem tuam venisse quam ad me", + "en": "I challenge you to say that you went to your mother before coming to see me." + }, + { + "id": 12163, + "la": "Acceperam iam ante Caesaris litteras ut mihi satis fieri paterer a te: itaque ne loqui quidem sum te passus de gratia", + "en": "I had previously received a letter from Caesar asking me to accept your apologies, and so I did not so much as let you speak about making your peace." + }, + { + "id": 12164, + "la": "Postea sum cultus a te, tu a me observatus in petitione quaesturae;", + "en": "Afterwards, you paid me some attentions, and I treated you with respect when you were a candidate for the quaestorship." + }, + { + "id": 12165, + "la": "quo quidem tempore P Clodium approbante populo Romano in foro es conatus occidere, cumque eam rem tua sponte conarere, non impulsu meo, tamen ita praedicabas, te non existimare, nisi illum interfecisses, umquam mihi pro tuis in me iniuriis satis esse facturum", + "en": "It was at that time you tried to kill Publius Clodius in the Forum with the approval of the Roman people. And although the attempt was made on your own initiative, without any prompting on my part, still, you let it be known that you felt you would never make amends for the injuries you had done me unless you killed Clodius." + }, + { + "id": 12166, + "la": "In quo demiror cur Milonem impulsu meo rem illam egisse dicas, cum te ultro mihi idem illud deferentem numquam sim adhortatus", + "en": "I wonder why, therefore, you say I prompted Milo to do that deed, seeing that when you offered me the same service of your own accord I never encouraged you." + }, + { + "id": 12167, + "la": "Quamquam, si in eo perseverares, ad tuam gloriam rem illam referri malebam quam ad meam gratiam", + "en": "To be sure, I preferred the exploit, if you persevered, to stand to your credit rather than be regarded as a favor to me." + }, + { + "id": 12168, + "la": "Quaestor es factus: deinde continuo sine senatus consulto, sine sorte, sine lege ad Caesarem cucurristi", + "en": "Well, you were elected 50quaestor; then, straightaway, without a decree of the senate or a drawing of lots or any legal justification, you dashed off to Caesar.53" + }, + { + "id": 12169, + "la": "Id enim unum in terris egestatis, aeris alieni, nequitiae perditis vitae rationibus perfugium esse ducebas", + "en": "You thought that there lay the one refuge on earth for your poverty, debt, and worthlessness after squandering your means of livelihood." + }, + { + "id": 12170, + "la": "Ibi te cum et illius largitionibus et tuis rapinis explevisses, si hoc est explere, quod statim effundas, advolasti egens ad tribunatum, ut in eo magistratu, si posses, viri tui similis esses", + "en": "When you had glutted yourself there with Caesars largess and your own plunderings'if glut is the word for gobbling down one minute to throw up the next'impoverished you swooped down on the tribunate, with the intention, if you could, of performing in that office like your'husband.54" + }, + { + "id": 12171, + "la": "[21] Accipite nunc, quaeso, non ea quae ipse in se atque in domesticum [de]decus impure et intemperanter, sed quae in nos fortunasque nostras, id est in universam rem publicam, impie ac nefarie fecerit", + "en": "[21] Now, gentlemen, please hear an account not of vile excesses committed against himself and his private good name, but of his impious crimes against ourselves and our fortunes, that is to say against the entire Republic." + }, + { + "id": 12172, + "la": "Ab huius enim scelere omnium malorum principium natum reperietis", + "en": "You will find that all our calamities have their origin in a wicked act of his." + }, + { + "id": 12173, + "la": "Nam cum L Lentulo C Marcello consulibus Kalendis Ianuariis labentem et prope cadentem rem publicam fulcire cuperetis ipsique C Caesari, si sana mente esset, consulere velletis, tum iste venditum atque emancipatum tribunatum consiliis vestris opposuit cervicesque suas ei subiecit securi qua multi minoribus in peccatis occiderunt", + "en": "When, on the first of January, in the consulship of 51Lucius Lentulus and Gaius Marcellus,55 you gentlemen were anxious to shore up a tottering, almost collapsing Republic, and when you were ready to consider the interests of Gaius Caesar himself, if he kept his sanity, at that point Antonius placed in opposition to your decisions the office which he had sold and given up as his own; he put his own neck under the axe by which many have lost their lives for lesser offenses." + }, + { + "id": 12174, + "la": "In te, M Antoni, id decrevit senatus et quidem incolumis, nondum tot luminibus exstinctis, quod in hostem togatum decerni est solitum more maiorum", + "en": "The senate, a body still intact before so many of its shining lights had been put out, passed against you, Marcus Antonius, the decree that has traditionally been passed against a public enemy in our midst.56" + }, + { + "id": 12175, + "la": "Et tu apud patres conscriptos contra me dicere ausus es, cum ab hoc ordine ego conservator essem, tu hostis rei publicae iudicatus?", + "en": "And you have dared to attack me before the assembled senate, despite the fact that this body had judged me the savior and you the enemy of the Republic?" + }, + { + "id": 12176, + "la": "Commemoratio illius tui sceleris intermissa est, non memoria deleta", + "en": "For a time that crime of yours has not been mentioned, but the memory of it has not been erased." + }, + { + "id": 12177, + "la": "Dum genus hominum, dum populi Romani nomen exstabit'quod quidem erit, si per te licebit, sempiternum'tua illa pestifera intercessio nominabitur", + "en": "So long as the human race and the name of the Roman people survive'a name that will last for ever, if you do not prevent it'that ruinous veto of yours will be on the lips of men." + }, + { + "id": 12178, + "la": "Quid cupide a senatu, quid temere fiebat, cum tu unus adulescens universum ordinem decernere de salute rei publicae prohibuisti, neque id semel sed saepius, neque tu tecum de senatus auctoritate agi passus es?", + "en": "What was the senate doing unfairly 52or rashly, when you, a single youth,57 prevented the entire body from passing decrees concerning the safety of the Republic? Not once, but again and again you did this, refusing to allow negotiations to be conducted with you concerning the senates expressed intention." + }, + { + "id": 12179, + "la": "Quid autem agebatur nisi ne delere et evertere rem publicam funditus velles?", + "en": "Moreover, what was the object of the negotiation except to talk you out of wanting to destroy and utterly overthrow the Republic?" + }, + { + "id": 12180, + "la": "Cum te neque principes civitatis rogando neque maiores natu monendo neque frequens senatus agendo de vendita atque addicta sententia movere potuit, tum illud multis rebus ante temptatis necessario tibi vulnus inflictum est quod paucis ante te, quorum incolumis fuit nemo:", + "en": "But since neither the requests of Romes leading men, nor the warnings of your seniors, nor the representations of a full senate could move you from your corrupt bought decision, then after much unsuccessful effort to resolve the impasse, it was inevitable for you to suffer that blow which few before you have experienced and none survived unscathed." + }, + { + "id": 12181, + "la": "tum contra te dedit arma hic ordo consulibus reliquisque imperiis et potestatibus: quae non effugisses, nisi te ad arma Caesaris contulisses", + "en": "Then it was that this body put weapons 53in the hands of the consuls and the other holders of official authority and power, for use against you; weapons you would not have escaped, if you had not gone off to join Caesars armed forces." + }, + { + "id": 12182, + "la": "[22] Tu, tu, inquam, M Antoni, princeps C Caesari omnia perturbare cupienti causam belli contra patriam inferendi dedisti", + "en": "[22] You, yes, you, Marcus Antonius, were the first one to give Gaius Caesar, who desired to throw everything into confusion, a pretext for making war upon his native land." + }, + { + "id": 12183, + "la": "Quid enim aliud ille dicebat, quam causam sui dementissimi consili et facti adferebat, nisi quod intercessio neglecta, ius tribunicium sublatum, circumscriptus a senatu esset Antonius?", + "en": "What else did Caesar say, what pretext did he offer for his absolutely mad design and deed except that the veto had been ignored, the tribunician prerogative annulled, Antonius curtailed of his rights by the senate?" + }, + { + "id": 12184, + "la": "Omitto quam haec falsa, quam levia, praesertim cum omnino nulla causa iusta cuiquam esse possit contra patriam arma capiendi", + "en": "I refrain from saying how false and frivolous these pretexts were, especially since no excuse whatsoever can justify any man in taking up arms against his native land." + }, + { + "id": 12185, + "la": "Sed nihil de Caesare: tibi certe confitendum est causam perniciosissimi belli in persona tua constitisse", + "en": "But leave Caesar out of it: you at least must admit that your person constituted the occasion of that most terrible war." + }, + { + "id": 12186, + "la": "O miserum te, si haec intellegis, miseriorem, si non intellegis hoc litteris mandari, hoc memoriae prodi, huius rei ne posteritatem quidem omnium saeculorum umquam immemorem fore, consules ex Italia expulsos, cumque eis Cn Pompeium, quod imperi populi Romani decus ac lumen fuit, omnis consularis qui per valetudinem exsequi cladem illam fugamque potuissent, praetores, praetorios, tribunos plebis, magnam partem senatus, omnem subolem iuventutis, uno[que] verbo rem publicam expulsam atque exterminatam suis sedibus!", + "en": "Oh you 54wretched fellow, if you realize this! More wretched still, if you do not realize that it is being recorded by historians, that it is being handed down to memory, that even all ages to come will never cease to recall this fact, namely, that on your sole account the consuls were driven from Italy, and with them Gnaeus Pompeius, the pride and ornament of the Roman peoples empire, as well as all consulars whose health allowed them to follow that disastrous exodus, the praetors, the praetorians, the tribunes of the plebs, a large part of the senate, all our rising youth'that in a word the Republic was driven out, banished from its home." + }, + { + "id": 12187, + "la": "Ut igitur in seminibus est causa arborum et stirpium, sic huius luctuosissimi belli semen tu fuisti", + "en": "Thus, 55just as the cause of trees and shrubs is in their seeds, so you were the seed of this most lamentable war." + }, + { + "id": 12188, + "la": "Doletis tris exercitus populi Romani interfectos: interfecit Antonius", + "en": "You grieve, gentlemen, over the slaughter of three Roman armies;59 the slaughterer was Antonius." + }, + { + "id": 12189, + "la": "Desideratis clarissimos civis: eos quoque vobis eripuit Antonius", + "en": "You mourn the loss of our most illustrious fellow countrymen; Antonius robbed you of them too." + }, + { + "id": 12190, + "la": "Auctoritas huius ordinis adflicta est: adflixit Antonius", + "en": "The authority of this body was shattered; Antonius shattered it." + }, + { + "id": 12191, + "la": "Omnia denique, quae postea vidimus'quid autem mali non vidimus?'si recte ratiocinabimur, uni accepta referemus Antonio", + "en": "In short, all calamities that we have seen since that time'and what calamity have we not seen?'if we reckon correctly, we shall put it down to one man, Antonius." + }, + { + "id": 12192, + "la": "Ut Helena Troianis, sic iste huic rei publicae causa belli, causa pestis atque exiti fuit", + "en": "As Helen was to the Trojans, so this fellow was to this Republic, the cause of war, the cause of ruinous destruction." + }, + { + "id": 12193, + "la": "Reliquae partes tribunatus principi similes", + "en": "The remaining episodes of his tribunate resembled its beginning." + }, + { + "id": 12194, + "la": "Omnia perfecit quae senatus salva re publica ne fieri possent perfecerat", + "en": "He accomplished all that the senate had managed to prevent from being done so long as the Republic survived." + }, + { + "id": 12195, + "la": "Cuius tamen scelus in scelere cognoscite", + "en": "But learn of his crime within a crime." + }, + { + "id": 12196, + "la": "[23] Restituebat multos calamitosos: in eis patrui nulla mentio", + "en": "[23] He 56brought many banished men back home, but among them there was no mention of his uncle.60" + }, + { + "id": 12197, + "la": "Si severus, cur non in omnis?", + "en": "If he is severe, why not to all?" + }, + { + "id": 12198, + "la": "Si misericors, cur non in suos?", + "en": "If compassionate, why not to members of his own family?" + }, + { + "id": 12199, + "la": "Sed omitto ceteros: Licinium Denticulum de alea condemnatum, collusorem suum, restituit, quasi vero ludere cum condemnato non liceret;", + "en": "To say nothing of others, he rehabilitated Licinius Denticulus,61 his gaming partner who had been condemned for gambling'as though it were not permissible to play with a convicted gambler." + }, + { + "id": 12200, + "la": "sed ut quod in alea perdiderat beneficio legis dissolveret", + "en": "Ah, but his object was to pay his gambling losses by conferring a favor through legislation." + }, + { + "id": 12201, + "la": "Quam attulisti rationem populo Romano cur eum restitui oporteret?", + "en": "What reason did you give to the Roman people as to why it was proper to rehabilitate him?" + }, + { + "id": 12202, + "la": "Absentem, credo, in reos relatum;", + "en": "I suppose because he had been charged in his absence," + }, + { + "id": 12203, + "la": "rem indicta causa iudicatam;", + "en": "or because the case had been decided without a hearing," + }, + { + "id": 12204, + "la": "nullum fuisse de alea lege iudicium;", + "en": "or because gambling was not an indictable offense," + }, + { + "id": 12205, + "la": "vi oppressum et armis;", + "en": "or because he had been a victim of armed force," + }, + { + "id": 12206, + "la": "postremo, quod de patruo tuo dicebatur, pecunia iudicium esse corruptum!", + "en": "or, finally, because the jury had been bribed, as used to be said about your uncles conviction?" + }, + { + "id": 12207, + "la": "Nihil horum At vir bonus et re publica dignus", + "en": "None of these. But rather on the grounds of his decency and worthiness to exercise his rights as a citizen." + }, + { + "id": 12208, + "la": "Nihil id quidem ad rem; ego tamen, quoniam condemnatum esse pro nihilo est, si ita esset, ignoscerem", + "en": "That is beside the point; but still, inasmuch as a conviction counts for nothing, if it were indeed so, I would let the matter rest." + }, + { + "id": 12209, + "la": "Hominem omnium nequissimum, qui non dubitaret vel in foro alea ludere, lege quae est de alea condemnatum qui in integrum restituit, is non apertissime studium suum ipse profitetur?", + "en": "But seeing that he is an utterly worthless fellow, the sort that did not hesitate to gamble in the very Forum and was condemned under the gaming law, does not the author of his rehabilitation make his own proclivities unmistakable?" + }, + { + "id": 12210, + "la": "In eodem vero tribunatu, cum Caesar in Hispaniam proficiscens huic conculcandam Italiam tradidisset, quae fuit eius peragratio itinerum, lustratio municipiorum!", + "en": "But in that same tribunate, when Caesar, upon setting 57out for Spain, handed over Italy to be trodden under Antonys boots, just think of his progress along the highways, his circuit of the towns!" + }, + { + "id": 12211, + "la": "Scio me in rebus celebratissimis omnium sermone versari, eaque quae dico dicturusque sum notiora esse omnibus qui in Italia tum fuerunt quam mihi qui non fui:", + "en": "I know I am dealing with matters that are generally known and universally talked about, and that what I say and am about to say is better known to all who were in Italy at that time than to me, who was elsewhere.62" + }, + { + "id": 12212, + "la": "notabo tamen singulas res, etsi nullo modo poterit oratio mea satis facere vestrae scientiae", + "en": "I will, however, mention some particulars, although my words cannot possibly match your knowledge." + }, + { + "id": 12213, + "la": "Etenim quod umquam in terris tantum flagitium exstitisse auditum est, tantam turpitudinem, tantum dedecus?", + "en": "Where in the world has the existence of anything so shocking, so scandalous, so disgraceful, ever been heard of?" + }, + { + "id": 12214, + "la": "[24] Vehebatur in essedo tribunus plebis; lictores laureati antecedebant, inter quos aperta lectica mima portabatur, quam ex oppidis municipales homines honesti, obviam necessario prodeuntes, non noto illo et mimico nomine, sed Volumniam consalutabant", + "en": "[24] As tribune of the plebs, he used to ride about in a two-wheeled 58carriage; lictors decked with laurel led the way,63 and in their midst a mime actress64 was carried in an open litter. Respectable folk from the country towns, who were obliged to come out and meet the cortege, greeted her not by her well-known stage name but as Volumnia." + }, + { + "id": 12215, + "la": "Sequebatur raeda cum lenonibus, comites nequissimi; reiecta mater amicam impuri fili tamquam nurum sequebatur", + "en": "Then followed a carriage full of pimps, Antonius utterly worthless entourage. His mother, relegated to the rear, followed her worthless sons mistress as if a daughter-in-law." + }, + { + "id": 12216, + "la": "O miserae mulieris fecunditatem calamitosam!", + "en": "Poor unfortunate woman, to be mother of that brood!" + }, + { + "id": 12217, + "la": "Horum flagitiorum iste vestigiis omnia municipia, praefecturas, colonias, totam denique Italiam impressit", + "en": "He left the traces of these infamies in every town, prefecture, and colony, in fact throughout Italy." + }, + { + "id": 12218, + "la": "Reliquorum factorum eius, patres conscripti, difficilis est sane reprehensio et lubrica", + "en": "To censure his remaining deeds, Members of the Senate, 59is a matter of some difficulty and delicacy." + }, + { + "id": 12219, + "la": "Versatus in bello est;", + "en": "He took part in the war." + }, + { + "id": 12220, + "la": "saturavit se sanguine dissimillimorum sui civium:", + "en": "He saturated himself with the blood of fellow countrymen who resembled him not at all." + }, + { + "id": 12221, + "la": "felix fuit, si potest ulla in scelere esse felicitas", + "en": "He was fortunate, if there can be good fortune in any crime." + }, + { + "id": 12222, + "la": "Sed quoniam veteranis cautum esse volumus, quamquam dissimilis est militum causa et tua'illi secuti sunt, tu quaesisti ducem'tamen, ne apud illos me in invidiam voces, nihil de genere belli dicam", + "en": "But since we do not wish to upset the veterans'not that the soldiers case and yours65 is the same; they followed their general, you sought him out'I shall say nothing about the kind of war to prevent you from bringing me into their disfavor." + }, + { + "id": 12223, + "la": "Victor e Thessalia Brundisium cum legionibus revertisti", + "en": "You returned victorious from Thessaly to Brundisium with the legions." + }, + { + "id": 12224, + "la": "Ibi me non occidisti", + "en": "There you did not kill me.66" + }, + { + "id": 12225, + "la": "Magnum beneficium!", + "en": "Mighty kind of you!" + }, + { + "id": 12226, + "la": "Potuisse enim fateor", + "en": "I admit you had the power," + }, + { + "id": 12227, + "la": "Quamquam nemo erat eorum qui tum tecum fuerunt qui mihi non censeret parci oportere", + "en": "even though there was no one of those who were with you at that time who did not think that I ought to be spared." + }, + { + "id": 12228, + "la": "Tanta est enim caritas patriae ut vestris etiam legionibus sanctus essem, quod eam a me servatam esse meminissent", + "en": "Love of ones native land is 60such a potent force that it made my person sacred even to Caesars legions because they remembered that I had been Romes preserver." + }, + { + "id": 12229, + "la": "Sed fac id te dedisse mihi quod non ademisti, meque a te habere vitam, quia non a te sit erepta: licuitne mihi per tuas contumelias hoc tuum beneficium sic tueri ut tuebar, praesertim cum te haec auditurum videres?", + "en": "But granted that you gave me what you did not take from me and that I owe you my life because you did not deprive me of it, did your insults permit me to show proper appreciation of this kindness of yours, as I used to do, especially since you were well aware that you would hear this response?" + }, + { + "id": 12230, + "la": "[25] Venisti Brundisium, in sinum quidem et in complexum tuae mimulae", + "en": "[25] Anyway, you arrived in 61Brundisium, into the bosom and arms, that is to say, of your little mime actress'" + }, + { + "id": 12231, + "la": "Quid est? Num mentior?", + "en": "Whats the matter? Am I not telling the truth?" + }, + { + "id": 12232, + "la": "Quam miserum est id negare non posse quod sit turpissimum confiteri!", + "en": "What a sorry predicament to be unable to deny what it is most disgraceful to admit!" + }, + { + "id": 12233, + "la": "Si te municipiorum non pudebat, ne veterani quidem exercitus?", + "en": "If you felt no shame before the eyes of the country towns, did you not do so even before the eyes of the veteran army?" + }, + { + "id": 12234, + "la": "Quis enim miles fuit qui Brundisi illam non viderit?", + "en": "Was there a soldier who did not see her at Brundisium?" + }, + { + "id": 12235, + "la": "Quis qui nescierit venisse eam tibi tot dierum viam gratulatum?", + "en": "Which of them did not know that she had traveled so many days journey to congratulate you?" + }, + { + "id": 12236, + "la": "Quis qui non indoluerit tam sero se quam nequam hominem secutus esset cognoscere?", + "en": "Which of them was not grieved to learn so late what a worthless wretch he had been following?" + }, + { + "id": 12237, + "la": "Italiae rursus percursatio eadem comite mima;", + "en": "Then once again a junket through Italy in the 62same mime actresss company." + }, + { + "id": 12238, + "la": "in oppida militum crudelis et misera deductio;", + "en": "Soldiers were billeted in the towns, a cruel, distressful operation." + }, + { + "id": 12239, + "la": "in urbe auri, argenti maximeque vini foeda direptio", + "en": "In Rome there was an ugly pillaging of gold, silver, and, most of all, wine." + }, + { + "id": 12240, + "la": "Accessit ut Caesare ignaro, cum esset ille Alexandriae, beneficio amicorum eius magister equitum constitueretur", + "en": "On top of all, he was appointed Master of the Horse by favor of Caesars friends without Caesars knowledge, since he was in Alexandria." + }, + { + "id": 12241, + "la": "Tum existimavit se suo iure cum Hippia vivere et equos vectigalis Sergio mimo tradere; tum sibi non hanc quam nunc male tuetur, sed M Pisonis domum ubi habitaret legerat", + "en": "After that, he felt fully entitled to live with Hippias67 and hand over the state contract for horses68 to Sergius the mime actor. At that time, Antonius had chosen Marcus Pisos house as his residence, not the house that he is now precariously occupying.69" + }, + { + "id": 12242, + "la": "Quid ego istius decreta, quid rapinas, quid hereditatum possessiones datas, quid ereptas proferam?", + "en": "Need I bring up his orders, his plunderings, the estates of deceased persons bestowed by him or taken away?" + }, + { + "id": 12243, + "la": "Cogebat egestas; quo se verteret non habebat: nondum ei tanta a L Rubrio, non a L Turselio hereditas venerat; nondum in Cn Pompei locum multorumque aliorum qui aberant repentinus heres successerat", + "en": "Poverty drove him; he had no place to turn. Not yet had he come into those fat bequests from Lucius Rubrius and Lucius Turselius,70 not yet as a sudden heir had he moved into the place of Gnaeus Pompeius and many other absentees.71" + }, + { + "id": 12244, + "la": "Erat vivendum latronum ritu, ut tantum haberet quantum rapere potuisset", + "en": "He had to live as robbers do, possessing as much as he had been able to steal." + }, + { + "id": 12245, + "la": "Sed haec quae robustioris improbitatis sunt, omittamus: loquamur potius de nequissimo genere levitatis", + "en": "But let us leave aside such acts of sturdy wickedness, 63and speak rather of the lowest kind of irresponsibility." + }, + { + "id": 12246, + "la": "Tu istis faucibus, istis lateribus, ista gladiatoria totius corporis firmitate tantum vini in Hippiae nuptiis exhauseras ut tibi necesse esset in populi Romani conspectu vomere postridie", + "en": "With that gullet of yours, that chest, that robust physique befitting a gladiator, you engulfed such a quantity of wine at Hippias wedding that the following day you found it necessary to vomit in full view of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 12247, + "la": "O rem non modo visu foedam sed etiam auditu!", + "en": "Disgusting to witness, disgusting even to hear tell of!" + }, + { + "id": 12248, + "la": "Si inter cenam in ipsis tuis immanibus illis poculis hoc tibi accidisset, quis non turpe duceret?", + "en": "Had this happened to you at dinner in those same monstrous cups of yours, who would not think it a shameful exhibition?" + }, + { + "id": 12249, + "la": "In coetu vero populi Romani negotium publicum gerens, magister equitum, cui ructare turpe esset, is vomens frustis esculentis vinum redolentibus gremium suum et totum tribunal implevit", + "en": "But while conducting public business, in a gathering of the Roman people in his role as Master of the Horse, for whom it would be disgraceful to burp, he vomited, filling his lap and the whole platform with morsels of food stinking of wine!" + }, + { + "id": 12250, + "la": "Sed haec ipse fatetur esse in suis sordibus: veniamus ad splendida", + "en": "Ah well, he admits himself that this was one of his less creditable performances. Let us proceed to his shining deeds." + }, + { + "id": 12251, + "la": "[26] Caesar Alexandria se recepit, felix, ut sibi quidem videbatur, mea autem sententia, qui rei publicae sit infelix, felix esse nemo potest", + "en": "[26] Caesar returned from Alexandria, a fortunate man, 64as he considered himself; but in my opinion, no man can be fortunate who brings misfortune upon the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 12252, + "la": "Hasta posita pro aede Iovis Statoris bona subiecta Cn Pompei'miserum me!", + "en": "A lance72 was planted in front of the Temple of Jupiter Stator, and the property of Gnaeus Pompeius'dear me;" + }, + { + "id": 12253, + "la": "consumptis enim lacrimis tamen infixus animo haeret dolor'bona, inquam, Cn Pompei Magni voci acerbissimae subiecta praeconis", + "en": "tears may have run dry, but the pain clings deep in my heart'the property, I say, of Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus was subjected to the harsh voice of an auctioneer." + }, + { + "id": 12254, + "la": "Una in illa re servitutis oblita civitas ingemuit servientibusque animis cum omnia metu tenerentur, gemitus tamen populi Romani liber fuit", + "en": "In that single instance did the community forget its bondage and groan aloud, and though their spirits were enslaved, since fear dominated everything, nevertheless the groaning of the Roman people was free." + }, + { + "id": 12255, + "la": "Exspectantibus omnibus quisnam esset tam impius, tam demens, tam dis hominibusque hostis qui ad illud scelus sectionis auderet accedere, inventus est nemo praeter Antonium, praesertim cum tot essent circum hastam illam qui alia omnia auderent: unus inventus est qui id auderet quod omnium fugisset et reformidasset audacia", + "en": "While all waited in suspense to learn what impious madman, what enemy to gods and men would dare to commit the heinous crime of a bid, nobody came forward except Antonius, even though there stood around that lance so many who dared all else. Yes, he alone was found to dare an act from which the audacity of all the rest recoiled in consternation." + }, + { + "id": 12256, + "la": "Tantus igitur te stupor oppressit vel, ut verius dicam, tantus furor ut primum, cum sector sis isto loco natus, deinde cum Pompei sector, non te exsecratum populo Romano, non detestabilem, non omnis tibi deos, non omnis homines et esse inimicos et futuros scias?", + "en": "Have you become so insensate, 65or, to use a more apt word, so insane as to serve as the liquidator of confiscated goods73 (a man of your birth!), and those goods Pompeius goods, without knowing that you are on that account abominable and accursed in the sight of the Roman people and that all gods and all men are your enemies, now and for ever more?" + }, + { + "id": 12257, + "la": "At quam insolenter statim helluo invasit in eius viri fortunas cuius virtute terribilior erat populus Romanus exteris gentibus, iustitia carior!", + "en": "But how insolently the good-for-nothing laid hasty hands on the possessions of the man whose valor made the Roman people more feared by foreign nations, whose justice made them more loved!" + }, + { + "id": 12258, + "la": "[27] In eius igitur viri copias cum se subito ingurgitasset, exsultabat gaudio, persona de mimo, modo egens, repente dives.", + "en": "[27] Thus, having plunged suddenly into the wealth of such a man, he wildly rejoiced like a character in a farce, beggar one day, rich the next.74" + }, + { + "id": 12259, + "la": "Sed, ut est apud poetam nescio quem, male parta male dilabuntur.", + "en": "But, as some playwright75 has it, ill gotten is ill squandered." + }, + { + "id": 12260, + "la": "Incredibile ac simile portenti est quonam modo illa tam multa quam paucis non dico mensibus sed diebus effuderit", + "en": "It is unbelievable, like a 66prodigy, how he dissipated so much within a few, I do not say months, but days." + }, + { + "id": 12261, + "la": "Maximus vini numerus fuit, permagnum optimi pondus argenti, pretiosa vestis, multa et lauta supellex et magnifica multis locis, non illa quidem luxuriosi hominis, sed tamen abundantis", + "en": "There was a great quantity of wine, a very large weight of the finest silver plate, costly draperies, much elegant and magnificent furniture, variously located, the appointments not indeed of a luxurious man, but of an affluent one." + }, + { + "id": 12262, + "la": "Horum paucis diebus nihil erat", + "en": "Within a few days, nothing of this remained." + }, + { + "id": 12263, + "la": "Quae Charybdis tam vorax?", + "en": "Was ever a Charybdis76 so ravenous?" + }, + { + "id": 12264, + "la": "Charybdim dico?", + "en": "Charybdis, do I say?" + }, + { + "id": 12265, + "la": "Quae si fuit, animal unum fuit: Oceanus, me dius fidius, vix videtur tot res tam dissipatas, tam distantibus in locis positas tam cito absorbere potuisse", + "en": "If it ever existed, it was a single creature. So help me god, it hardly seems possible that the Ocean could have swallowed up so many objects so rapidly, scattered as they were in places wide apart." + }, + { + "id": 12266, + "la": "Nihil erat clausum, nihil obsignatum, nihil scriptum", + "en": "Nothing was closed, nothing sealed, nothing written down." + }, + { + "id": 12267, + "la": "Apothecae totae nequissimis hominibus condonabantur;", + "en": "Whole storerooms were given away to the dregs of society." + }, + { + "id": 12268, + "la": "alia mimi rapiebant, alia mimae;", + "en": "Mime actors snatched this, mime actresses that." + }, + { + "id": 12269, + "la": "domus erat aleatoribus referta, plena ebriorum;", + "en": "The house was crammed full with gamblers and drunks." + }, + { + "id": 12270, + "la": "totos dies potabatur atque id locis pluribus;", + "en": "Drinking went on all day long and in a variety of places too." + }, + { + "id": 12271, + "la": "suggerebantur etiam saepe'non enim semper iste felix'damna aleatoria;", + "en": "Often gambling losses would add to the wastage, for Antonius was not always blessed with good luck." + }, + { + "id": 12272, + "la": "conchyliatis Cn Pompei peristromatis servorum in cellis lectos stratos videres", + "en": "In the slaves cubicles, you might see couches spread with Gnaeus Pompeius purple coverlets." + }, + { + "id": 12273, + "la": "Quam ob rem desinite mirari haec tam celeriter esse consumpta", + "en": "Consequently, cease to wonder at the amazing speed of the consumption." + }, + { + "id": 12274, + "la": "Non modo unius patrimonium quamvis amplum, ut illud fuit, sed urbis et regna celeriter tanta nequitia devorare potuisset", + "en": "Such prodigality could quickly have devoured cities and kingdoms, let alone one individuals patrimony, however ample'and ample it was." + }, + { + "id": 12275, + "la": "At idem aedis etiam et hortos'o audaciam immanem!'", + "en": "Likewise, even the house and suburban estate'oh the monstrous audacity!" + }, + { + "id": 12276, + "la": "tu etiam ingredi illam domum ausus es, tu illud sanctissimum limen intrare, tu illarum aedium dis penatibus os impurissimum ostendere?", + "en": "'did you 68actually dare to enter that house, to cross that most hallowed threshold, to show your debauched face to the household gods of that dwelling?" + }, + { + "id": 12277, + "la": "Quam domum aliquamdiu nemo aspicere poterat, nemo sine lacrimis praeterire, hac te in domo tam diu deversari non pudet?", + "en": "Are you not ashamed to be lodging for such a long time in a house that for quite some time no man could behold, no man pass by without tears?" + }, + { + "id": 12278, + "la": "In qua, quamvis nihil sapias, tamen nihil tibi potest esse iucundum", + "en": "Dull though you are, nothing can be pleasant to you there." + }, + { + "id": 12279, + "la": "[28] An tu illa in vestibulo rostra [spolia] cum aspexisti, domum tuam te introire putas?", + "en": "[28] Or when you see those ships beaks in the fore-court,77 do you imagine it is your house you are entering?" + }, + { + "id": 12280, + "la": "Fieri non potest", + "en": "That is impossible." + }, + { + "id": 12281, + "la": "Quamvis enim sine mente, sine sensu sis, ut es, tamen et te et tua et tuos nosti", + "en": "You may be, indeed you are, mindless and insensate, but you recognize yourself and your own possessions and the members of your own family." + }, + { + "id": 12282, + "la": "Nec vero te umquam neque vigilantem neque in somnis credo posse mente consistere", + "en": "I do not believe you can have a tranquil moment awake or asleep." + }, + { + "id": 12283, + "la": "Necesse est, quamvis sis, ut es, violentus et furens, cum tibi obiecta sit species singularis viri, perterritum te de somno excitari, furere etiam saepe vigilantem", + "en": "You may be, indeed you are, a man of violence and fury, but when the likeness of that matchless man is set before you, it is inevitable that you be roused from your sleep in terror, and even in your waking hours you must often rave." + }, + { + "id": 12284, + "la": "Me quidem miseret parietum ipsorum atque tectorum", + "en": "For my part, I pity the very walls and ceilings." + }, + { + "id": 12285, + "la": "Quid enim umquam domus illa viderat nisi pudicum, quid nisi ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina?", + "en": "What had 69that house ever seen that was not decorous, what that was not in accord with the highest and strictest moral code?" + }, + { + "id": 12286, + "la": "Fuit enim ille vir, patres conscripti, sicuti scitis, cum foris clarus tum domi admirandus, neque rebus externis magis laudandus quam institutis domesticis", + "en": "For as you know, Members of the Senate, the great man of whom I speak was as admirable at home as he was renowned abroad, and his achievements in foreign lands were no more praiseworthy than his domestic life." + }, + { + "id": 12287, + "la": "Huius in sedibus pro cubiculis stabula, pro conclavibus popinae [tricliniis] sunt", + "en": "Now in this mans dwelling there are brothels in place of bedrooms, cheap eateries in place of dining rooms." + }, + { + "id": 12288, + "la": "Etsi iam negat Nolite quaerere;", + "en": "Oh, but he now denies it! Dont ask questions;" + }, + { + "id": 12289, + "la": "frugi factus est: illam suam suas res sibi habere iussit, ex duodecim tabulis clavis ademit, exegit", + "en": "he has become frugal. He has told that mistress of his78 to get her own things together, he has taken away her keys according to the provisions of the Twelve Tables, he has put her out of doors." + }, + { + "id": 12290, + "la": "Quam porro spectatus civis, quam probatus, cuius ex omni vita nihil est honestius quam quod cum mima fecit divortium!", + "en": "What a respectable citizen he is, what an upright one, out of whose whole life the most creditable action is to have divorced a mime actress!" + }, + { + "id": 12291, + "la": "At quam crebro usurpat: et consul et Antonius!", + "en": "But how frequently he employs 70the phrase both consul and an Antonius," + }, + { + "id": 12292, + "la": "Hoc est dicere, et consul et impudicissimus, et consul et homo nequissimus", + "en": "which is to say both consul and an utterly shameless fellow, both consul and a completely worthless fellow." + }, + { + "id": 12293, + "la": "Quid est enim aliud Antonius?", + "en": "What else is Antonius?" + }, + { + "id": 12294, + "la": "Nam si dignitas significaretur in nomine, dixisset, credo, aliquando avus tuus se et consulem et Antonium", + "en": "If the name indicated worth, I imagine your grandfather would now and then have called himself consul and an Antonius;" + }, + { + "id": 12295, + "la": "Numquam dixit", + "en": "but he never did." + }, + { + "id": 12296, + "la": "Dixisset etiam collega meus, patruus tuus, nisi si tu es solus Antonius", + "en": "So would my former colleague, your uncle'unless you are the one and only Antonius." + }, + { + "id": 12297, + "la": "Sed omitto ea peccata quae non sunt earum partium propria quibus tu rem publicam vexavisti: ad ipsas tuas partis redeo, id est ad civile bellum, quod natum, conflatum, susceptum opera tua est", + "en": "However, I leave aside misdemeanors which have nothing to do with the political activity with which you plagued the Republic, and I return to that particular activity of yours, that is to the Civil War, which was engendered, stirred up, undertaken by your doing." + }, + { + "id": 12298, + "la": "[29] Cui bello cum propter timiditatem tuam tum propter libidines defuisti", + "en": "[29] Both your cowardice 71and your lusts now kept you out of it." + }, + { + "id": 12299, + "la": "Gustaras civilem sanguinem vel potius exsorbueras;", + "en": "You had tasted the blood of your fellow countrymen, or rather drained it." + }, + { + "id": 12300, + "la": "fueras in acie Pharsalica;", + "en": "You had a place in the battle line at Pharsalia." + }, + { + "id": 12301, + "la": "antesignanus L Domitium, clarissimum et nobilissimum virum, occideras multosque praeterea qui e proelio effugerant, quos Caesar, ut non nullos, fortasse servasset, crudelissime persecutus trucidaras", + "en": "As a commando,79 you had slain the illustrious and highborn Lucius Domitius; and many besides, who had escaped from the battlefield and whose lives Caesar might perhaps have spared as he spared some others, had been cruelly pursued and butchered by you." + }, + { + "id": 12302, + "la": "Quibus rebus tantis talibus gestis quid fuit causae cur in Africam Caesarem non sequerere, cum praesertim belli pars tanta restaret?", + "en": "After such important and distinguished exploits, what was your reason for not following Caesar to Africa, especially when so large a part of the war had still to be fought?" + }, + { + "id": 12303, + "la": "Itaque quem locum apud ipsum Caesarem post eius ex Africa reditum obtinuisti?", + "en": "So what post did you occupy on Caesars staff after his return from Africa?" + }, + { + "id": 12304, + "la": "Quo numero fuisti?", + "en": "What was your rating?" + }, + { + "id": 12305, + "la": "Cuius tu imperatoris quaestor fueras, dictatoris magister equitum, belli princeps, crudelitatis auctor, praedae socius, testamento, ut dicebas ipse, filius, appellatus es de pecunia quam pro domo, pro hortis, pro sectione debebas", + "en": "You had been quaestor to him as commander-in-chief, Master of the Horse to him as dictator, the prime mover of his war, instigator of his cruelty, partner in his plunder, and under his will (so you used to say yourself) his adopted son: and yet you were called upon to pay up the money you owed on the house, on the suburban estate, and on the properties earmarked for liquidation." + }, + { + "id": 12306, + "la": "Primo respondisti plane ferociter et, ne omnia videar contra te, prope modum aequa et iusta dicebas:", + "en": "At first you 72retorted with undisguised defiance'and, not to appear to be always against you, what you said was almost fair and reasonable:" + }, + { + "id": 12307, + "la": "A me C Caesar pecuniam?", + "en": "Gaius Caesar demand money from me?" + }, + { + "id": 12308, + "la": "Cur potius quam ego ab illo?", + "en": "Why not I rather from him?" + }, + { + "id": 12309, + "la": "An sine me ille vicit?", + "en": "Did he win without me?" + }, + { + "id": 12310, + "la": "At ne potuit quidem", + "en": "Indeed he couldnt." + }, + { + "id": 12311, + "la": "Ego ad illum belli civilis causam attuli;", + "en": "I brought him his pretext for civil war," + }, + { + "id": 12312, + "la": "ego leges perniciosas rogavi;", + "en": "I sponsored pernicious laws," + }, + { + "id": 12313, + "la": "ego arma contra consules imperatoresque populi Romani, contra senatum populumque Romanum, contra deos patrios arasque et focos, contra patriam tuli", + "en": "I bore arms against consuls and commanders of the Roman people, against the senate and the people of Rome, against our ancestral gods and altars and hearths, against our native land." + }, + { + "id": 12314, + "la": "Num sibi soli vicit?", + "en": "Did he win only for himself?" + }, + { + "id": 12315, + "la": "Quorum facinus est commune, cur non sit eorum praeda communis?", + "en": "Why shouldnt those who share the guilt share the loot?" + }, + { + "id": 12316, + "la": "Ius postulabas, sed quid ad rem?", + "en": "You were asking for your right, but what of that?" + }, + { + "id": 12317, + "la": "Plus ille poterat", + "en": "He was the stronger." + }, + { + "id": 12318, + "la": "Itaque excussis tuis vocibus et ad te et ad praedes tuos milites misit, cum repente a te praeclara illa tabula prolata s", + "en": "And so, shrugging aside your protests, 73he sent soldiers to you and your sureties; at which point you suddenly posted that magnificent notice announcing a sale." + }, + { + "id": 12319, + "la": "Qui risus hominum, tantam esse tabulam, tam varias, tam multas possessiones, ex quibus praeter partem Miseni nihil erat quod is qui auctionaretur posset suum dicere", + "en": "Loud was the laughter to see so long a list of properties so many and various, of which (except for a share in the Misenum estate) there was not one that the person putting them up for sale could call his own." + }, + { + "id": 12320, + "la": "Auctionis vero miserabilis aspectus: vestis Pompei non multa eaque maculosa;", + "en": "Ah, but the auction itself was a sorry spectacle. Some tapestries of Pompeius, just a few and stained at that;" + }, + { + "id": 12321, + "la": "eiusdem quaedam argentea vasa collisa, sordidata mancipia, ut doleremus quicquam esse ex illis reliqui[s] quod videre possemus", + "en": "certain dented articles of silver, also his; some squalid slaves. It made us sad that anything remained for us to see." + }, + { + "id": 12322, + "la": "Hanc tamen auctionem heredes L Rubri decreto Caesaris prohibuerunt", + "en": "However, the heirs of Lucius 74Rubrius halted the auction by means of a decree issued by Caesar.81" + }, + { + "id": 12323, + "la": "Haerebat nebulo: quo se verteret non habebat", + "en": "Our prodigal was stuck; he had nowhere to turn." + }, + { + "id": 12324, + "la": "Quin his ipsis temporibus domi Caesaris percussor ab isto missus deprehensus dicebatur esse cum sica: de quo Caesar in senatu aperte in te invehens questus est", + "en": "Indeed, at that very time, the story circulated that an assassin sent by Antonius had been arrested in Caesars house with a dagger; Caesar complained about it and railed against you openly in the senate." + }, + { + "id": 12325, + "la": "Proficiscitur in Hispaniam Caesar paucis tibi ad solvendum propter inopiam tuam prorogatis diebus", + "en": "Caesar left for Spain after granting you a few days grace in which to pay in consideration of your lack of means." + }, + { + "id": 12326, + "la": "Ne tum quidem sequeris", + "en": "You did not follow him on this occasion either." + }, + { + "id": 12327, + "la": "Tam bonus gladiator rudem tam cito?", + "en": "Should so good a gladiator have taken his discharge82 so soon?" + }, + { + "id": 12328, + "la": "Hunc igitur quisquam qui in suis partibus, id est in suis fortunis, tam timidus fuerit pertimescat?", + "en": "Would anyone fear this fellow who was so cowardly in supporting his own side, that is, his own fortunes?83" + }, + { + "id": 12329, + "la": "[30] Profectus est aliquando tandem in Hispaniam; sed tuto, ut ait, pervenire non potuit", + "en": "[30] At long last he did leave for Spain; but he could not get 75there safely, so he says." + }, + { + "id": 12330, + "la": "Quonam modo igitur Dolabella pervenit?", + "en": "Then how did Dolabella get there?" + }, + { + "id": 12331, + "la": "Aut non suscipienda fuit ista causa, Antoni, aut, cum suscepisses, defendenda usque ad extremum", + "en": "You should either not have enlisted under that banner, Antonius, or having done so, you should have fought for it to the end." + }, + { + "id": 12332, + "la": "Ter depugnavit Caesar cum civibus, in Thessalia, Africa, Hispania", + "en": "Three times Caesar met his countrymen in decisive battle, in Thessaly, Africa, and Spain." + }, + { + "id": 12333, + "la": "Omnibus adfuit his pugnis Dolabella; in Hispaniensi etiam vulnus accepit", + "en": "Dolabella took part in all these engagements; in the Spanish one he was actually wounded." + }, + { + "id": 12334, + "la": "Si de meo iudicio quaeris, nollem; sed tamen consilium a primo reprehendendum, laudanda constantia", + "en": "If you ask my opinion, I would wish he had not. All the same, while his original choice is censurable, his constancy is nevertheless praiseworthy." + }, + { + "id": 12335, + "la": "Tu vero quid es? Cn Pompei liberi tum primum patriam repetebant", + "en": "But what sort of fellow are you? In that campaign, the sons of Gnaeus Pompeius were first of all trying to reclaim their native land." + }, + { + "id": 12336, + "la": "Esto, fuerit haec partium causa communis", + "en": "Very well, let us grant that this was the common cause of their side." + }, + { + "id": 12337, + "la": "Repetebant praeterea deos patrios, aras, focos, larem suum familiarem, in quae tu invaseras", + "en": "Furthermore, they were trying to reclaim their ancestral gods, altars, hearths, their family home, which you had invaded." + }, + { + "id": 12338, + "la": "Haec cum peterent armis ei quorum erant legibus'etsi in rebus iniquissimis quid potest esse aequi?'", + "en": "When the legal owners claimed their property by resorting to arms, who'I know there can be no justice in such iniquity," + }, + { + "id": 12339, + "la": "tamen quem erat aequissimum contra Cn Pompei liberos pugnare?", + "en": "but still, who could most justly be expected to fight against Gnaeus Pompeius sons?" + }, + { + "id": 12340, + "la": "Quem? Te sectorem An ut tu Narbone mensas hospitum convomeres Dolabella pro te in Hispania dimicaret? Qui vero Narbone reditus!", + "en": "Who but you, the liquidator of those confiscated assets? Or was Dolabella to fight on your behalf in Spain so 76that you might vomit over your hosts dinner tables at Narbo?" + }, + { + "id": 12341, + "la": "Etiam quaerebat cur ego ex ipso cursu tam subito revertissem", + "en": "But what a return he made from Narbo'and he was asking why I turned back so suddenly, abandoning my journey!" + }, + { + "id": 12342, + "la": "Exposui nuper, patres conscripti, causam reditus mei", + "en": "Members of the Senate, I explained the reason for my return not long ago." + }, + { + "id": 12343, + "la": "Volui, si possem, etiam ante Kalendas Ianuarias prodesse rei publicae", + "en": "I wanted, if possible, to be of some use to the Republic even before the first of January." + }, + { + "id": 12344, + "la": "Nam quod quaerebas quo modo redissem, primum luce, non tenebris;", + "en": "As for your question,85 how did I return, to begin with, it was by daylight, not darkness;" + }, + { + "id": 12345, + "la": "deinde cum calceis et toga, nullis nec gallicis nec lacerna", + "en": "secondly, it was in boots and a toga, not in Gaulish slippers and a cloak." + }, + { + "id": 12346, + "la": "At etiam aspicis me et quidem, ut videris, iratus", + "en": "Ah, you are giving me a look, and you appear to be enraged indeed." + }, + { + "id": 12347, + "la": "Ne tu iam mecum in gratiam redeas, si scias quam me pudeat nequitiae tuae, cuius te ipsum non pudet", + "en": "I assure you, if you knew the shame I feel at your depravity, which you are not ashamed of, you would be friends by now with me again.86" + }, + { + "id": 12348, + "la": "Ex omnium omnibus flagitiis nullum turpius vidi, nullum audivi", + "en": "Of all the outrages in the world, none have I seen, none have I heard of that was more disgraceful." + }, + { + "id": 12349, + "la": "Qui magister equitum fuisse tibi viderere, in proximum annum consulatum peteres vel potius rogares, per municipia coloniasque Galliae, a qua nos tum cum consulatus petebatur, non rogabatur, petere consulatum solebamus, cum gallicis et lacerna cucurristi", + "en": "You who looked upon yourself as a former Master of the Horse, who were standing for the consulship, or rather requesting it87 for the following year, dressed in Gaulish slippers and a cloak, you rushed through the towns and colonies of Gaul, the region where we used to canvass for the consulship when that office was stood for and not asked for!" + }, + { + "id": 12350, + "la": "[31] At videte levitatem hominis", + "en": "[31] But note the frivolity of the fellow!" + }, + { + "id": 12351, + "la": "Cum hora diei decima fere ad Saxa Rubra venisset, delituit in quadam cauponula atque ibi se occultans perpotavit ad vesperam;", + "en": "Arriving at Saxa 77Rubra88 about three oclock in the afternoon,89 he kept out of sight in a little tavern and stayed in hiding there until sunset, drinking steadily." + }, + { + "id": 12352, + "la": "inde cisio celeriter ad urbem advectus domum venit capite obvoluto", + "en": "From that tavern he was brought swiftly to Rome in a two-wheeled carriage and came to his house with his face muffled." + }, + { + "id": 12353, + "la": "Ianitor: Quis tu? A Marco tabellarius.", + "en": "Doorman: Whos there? A courier from Marcus." + }, + { + "id": 12354, + "la": "Confestim ad eam cuius causa venerat, eique epistulam tradidit", + "en": "Straightaway he is conducted to the lady90 on whose account he had come and hands her a letter." + }, + { + "id": 12355, + "la": "Quam cum illa legeret flens'erat enim scripta amatorie;", + "en": "She wept as she read'it was a love letter," + }, + { + "id": 12356, + "la": "caput autem litterarum sibi cum illa mima posthac nihil futurum;", + "en": "and the main point of it was that he would have nothing to do with the actress in the future;" + }, + { + "id": 12357, + "la": "omnem se amorem abiecisse illim atque in hanc transfudisse'cum mulier fleret uberius, homo misericors ferre non potuit, caput aperuit, in collum invasit", + "en": "he had jettisoned all love from that relationship and transferred it to this lady. When she wept all the more, the softhearted fellow could bear it no longer and, revealing his face, he threw his arms passionately around her neck." + }, + { + "id": 12358, + "la": "O hominem nequam!", + "en": "What a good-for-nothing!" + }, + { + "id": 12359, + "la": "Quid enim aliud dicam?", + "en": "What else am I to call him?" + }, + { + "id": 12360, + "la": "Magis proprie nihil possum dicere", + "en": "I can find no term more appropriate." + }, + { + "id": 12361, + "la": "Ergo, ut te catamitum, nec opinato cum te ostendisses, praeter spem mulier aspiceret, idcirco urbem terrore nocturno, Italiam multorum dierum metu perturbasti?", + "en": "Well then, just so that your wife might be surprised to see you, her pretty boy, when you revealed yourself unexpectedly, was it for this reason that you caused alarm in Rome during the night, and caused fear and turmoil in Italy for days on end?" + }, + { + "id": 12362, + "la": "Et domi quidem causam amoris habuit, foris etiam turpiorem, ne L Plancus praedes tuos venderet", + "en": "Well, at home you had a lovers reason; out of doors 78your reason was still more discreditable: you were afraid Lucius Plancus91 would sell the property of your sureties." + }, + { + "id": 12363, + "la": "Productus autem in contionem a tribuno plebis cum respondisses te rei tuae causa venisse, populum etiam dicacem in te reddidisti", + "en": "When you were brought before a public meeting by a tribune of the plebs and said in reply to questioning that you had come to Rome on an affair that was personal, you made even the common folk witty at your expense.92" + }, + { + "id": 12364, + "la": "Sed nimis multa de nugis: ad maiora veniamus", + "en": "But thats more than enough about trifles. Let us get to matters of greater moment." + }, + { + "id": 12365, + "la": "[32] C Caesari ex Hispania redeunti obviam longissime processisti", + "en": "[32] You traveled a great distance to meet Gaius Caesar on his way home from Spain'" + }, + { + "id": 12366, + "la": "Celeriter isti redisti, ut cognosceret te, si minus fortem, at tamen strenuum", + "en": "a rapid round trip93 so that he should see that if your courage left something to be desired, you were at least a man of energy." + }, + { + "id": 12367, + "la": "Factus es ei rursus nescio quo modo familiaris", + "en": "Somehow or other you again became one of his cronies." + }, + { + "id": 12368, + "la": "Habebat hoc omnino Caesar: quem plane perditum aere alieno egentemque, si eundem nequam hominem audacemque cognorat, hunc in familiaritatem libentissime recipiebat", + "en": "It was a way that Caesar had: if he saw a man head over heels in debt, without a penny to his name, then, provided he knew that the man was of a bold worthless sort, Caesar was delighted to welcome him into his circle of friends." + }, + { + "id": 12369, + "la": "His igitur rebus praeclare commendatus iussus es renuntiari consul et quidem cum ipso", + "en": "Since you were 79admirably commended by these qualities, Caesar gave orders for you to be declared elected consul, and with himself as your colleague." + }, + { + "id": 12370, + "la": "Nihil queror de Dolabella qui tum est impulsus, inductus elusus", + "en": "I make no complaint about Dolabella, who was prompted to stand, led on, and then made a fool of." + }, + { + "id": 12371, + "la": "Qua in re quanta fuerit uterque vestrum perfidia in Dolabellam quis ignorat?", + "en": "Who does not know how perfidiously you both behaved toward Dolabella?" + }, + { + "id": 12372, + "la": "Ille induxit ut peteret, promissum et receptum intervertit ad seque transtulit; tu eius perfidiae voluntatem tuam ascripsisti", + "en": "Caesar led him on to stand for the office, and then, after it had been promised and guaranteed, snatched it away and transferred it to himself. You cloaked your own desire to block Dolabellas consulship by placing the blame on Caesars treachery." + }, + { + "id": 12373, + "la": "Veniunt Kalendae Ianuariae; cogimur in senatum: invectus est copiosius multo in istum et paratius Dolabella quam nunc ego", + "en": "The first of January arrived. We were summoned to a meeting of the senate, where Dolabella delivered a much more copious and studied invective against Antonius than I am delivering now." + }, + { + "id": 12374, + "la": "Hic autem iratus quae dixit, di boni!", + "en": "Good gods, what a speech Antonius made in anger!" + }, + { + "id": 12375, + "la": "Primum cum Caesar ostendisset se, prius quam proficisceretur, Dolabellam consulem esse iussurum'quem negant regem, qui et faceret semper eius modi aliquid et diceret'", + "en": "80To begin with, Caesar had made it clear that before leaving Rome he would order the consulship to be conferred on Dolabella'Caesar was always doing and saying that sort of thing, and yet they deny that he was a monarch!'" + }, + { + "id": 12376, + "la": "sed cum Caesar ita dixisset, tum hic bonus augur eo se sacerdotio praeditum esse dixit ut comitia auspiciis vel impedire vel vitiare posset, idque se facturum esse adseveravit", + "en": "anyway, Caesar having so pronounced, this fine augur of ours then stated that he was invested with a priestly office which enabled him to hold up or invalidate the elections by means of auspices, and he emphatically declared that this was his intention." + }, + { + "id": 12377, + "la": "In quo primum incredibilem stupiditatem hominis cognoscite", + "en": "First, note the unbelievable stupidity of the man." + }, + { + "id": 12378, + "la": "Quid enim? Istud quod te sacerdoti iure facere posse dixisti, si augur non esses et consul esses, minus facere potuisses?", + "en": "What do I mean? Well, if you were not an augur 81and were truly a consul, would you have been any the less able to do what you said you could do by your priestly prerogative?" + }, + { + "id": 12379, + "la": "Vide ne etiam facilius", + "en": "Surely you could have done it even more easily." + }, + { + "id": 12380, + "la": "Nos enim nuntiationem solum habemus, consules et reliqui magistratus etiam spectionem", + "en": "We augurs only possess the right to report an unfavorable omen, whereas consuls and the rest of the magistrates also have the right to look for omens." + }, + { + "id": 12381, + "la": "Esto: hoc imperite; nec enim est ab homine numquam sobrio postulanda prudentia", + "en": "So be it; he made this statement incompetently'after all, we cannot demand expertise from a man who is never sober." + }, + { + "id": 12382, + "la": "Sed videte impudentiam", + "en": "But consider his impudence:" + }, + { + "id": 12383, + "la": "Multis ante mensibus in senatu dixit se Dolabellae comitia aut prohibiturum auspiciis aut id facturum esse quod fecit", + "en": "many months before the event, he stated in the senate that he would either use the auspices to block the assembly called to elect Dolabella, or do what in fact he did.94" + }, + { + "id": 12384, + "la": "Quisquamne divinare potest quid viti in auspiciis futurum sit, nisi qui de caelo servare constituit?", + "en": "Can anyone foretell a flaw in the auspices unless he has decided to watch the heavens?" + }, + { + "id": 12385, + "la": "Quod neque licet comitiis per leges et si qui servavit, non comitiis habitis sed prius quam habeantur, debet nuntiare", + "en": "But that is illegal at elections; and if anyone has watched for omens, he ought to make his announcement not after but before the elections are held." + }, + { + "id": 12386, + "la": "Verum implicata inscientia impudentia est: nec scit quod augurem nec facit quod pudentem decet", + "en": "Ignorance compounded by impudence! He neither knows what an augur ought to know nor acts as a man of discretion ought to act." + }, + { + "id": 12387, + "la": "Itaque ex illo die recordamini eius usque ad Idus Martias consulatum", + "en": "Well, then, recall his behavior as consul from that day 82down to the fifteenth of March." + }, + { + "id": 12388, + "la": "Quis umquam apparitor tam humilis, tam abiectus?", + "en": "Was there ever a magistrates assistant so abjectly subservient?" + }, + { + "id": 12389, + "la": "Nihil ipse poterat; omnia rogabat;", + "en": "He had no power of his own. He asked for everything." + }, + { + "id": 12390, + "la": "caput in aversam lecticam inserens, beneficia quae venderet a collega petebat", + "en": "Putting his head into the back of his colleagues litter, he would beg favors from him in order to sell them." + }, + { + "id": 12391, + "la": "[33] Ecce Dolabellae comitiorum dies", + "en": "[33] So the day of Dolabellas electoral assembly arrives." + }, + { + "id": 12392, + "la": "Sortitio praerogativae: quiescit", + "en": "Lots are drawn for the right of first vote;95 Antonius makes no move." + }, + { + "id": 12393, + "la": "Renuntiatur: tacet", + "en": "The result is declared; Antonius keeps silent." + }, + { + "id": 12394, + "la": "Prima classis vocatur [renuntiatur], deinde, ita ut adsolet, suffragia, tum secunda classis, quae omnia sunt citius facta quam dixi", + "en": "The first class is called to vote, then the six centuries of knights96 in the usual way, then the second class'all sooner done than said." + }, + { + "id": 12395, + "la": "Confecto negotio bonus augur'C Laelium diceres'alio die inquit", + "en": "After 83the business is finished, our adept augur'a real Gaius Laelius, youd say!97'announced: Meeting adjourned." + }, + { + "id": 12396, + "la": "O impudentiam singularem!", + "en": "Matchless impudence!" + }, + { + "id": 12397, + "la": "Quid videras, quid senseras, quid audieras?", + "en": "What had you seen, what had you perceived, what had you heard?" + }, + { + "id": 12398, + "la": "Neque enim te de caelo servasse dixisti nec hodie dicis", + "en": "For you did not say that you had watched the heavens, nor are you saying so today." + }, + { + "id": 12399, + "la": "Id igitur obvenit vitium quod tu iam Kalendis Ianuariis futurum esse provideras et tanto ante praedixeras", + "en": "So the flaw which you had already foreseen on the first of January and predicted so long beforehand duly appeared." + }, + { + "id": 12400, + "la": "Ergo hercule magna, ut spero, tua potius quam rei publicae calamitate ementitus es auspicia;", + "en": "Thus, by god, you lied about the auspices, to your own great mischief, I truly hope, and not to that of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 12401, + "la": "obstrinxisti religione populum Romanum; augur auguri, consul consuli obnuntiasti", + "en": "You bound the Roman people in a religious liability. Augur to augur,98 consul to consul, you announced adverse auspices." + }, + { + "id": 12402, + "la": "Nolo plura, ne acta Dolabellae videar convellere, quae necesse est aliquando ad nostrum collegium deferantur", + "en": "I dont want to say more, so as not to seem to be invalidating Dolabellas official acts, which one day will have to be referred to our College." + }, + { + "id": 12403, + "la": "Sed adrogantiam hominis insolentiamque cognoscite", + "en": "But look at the arrogance, 84the insolence of the fellow!" + }, + { + "id": 12404, + "la": "Quam diu tu voles, vitiosus consul Dolabella;", + "en": "So long as you wish, Dolabellas consulship is flawed;" + }, + { + "id": 12405, + "la": "rursus, cum voles, salvis auspiciis creatus", + "en": "then, the moment your wishes change,99 he was elected with the auspices in order." + }, + { + "id": 12406, + "la": "Si nihil est cum augur eis verbis nuntiat quibus tu nuntiasti, confitere te, cum alio die dixeris, sobrium non fuisse;", + "en": "If it means nothing when an augur makes an announcement in the terms in which you made yours, admit that you were not sober when you said Meeting adjourned." + }, + { + "id": 12407, + "la": "sin est aliqua vis in istis verbis, ea quae sit augur a collega requiro", + "en": "On the other hand, if those terms have any force, as one augur to another I ask you to tell me what it is." + }, + { + "id": 12408, + "la": "Sed ne forte ex multis rebus gestis M Antoni rem unam pulcherrimam transiliat oratio, ad Lupercalia veniamus", + "en": "So that my account does not inadvertently skip over the single most brilliant of Marcus Antonius many exploits, let us come to the Feast of Lupercal" + }, + { + "id": 12409, + "la": "[34] Non dissimulat, patres conscripti: apparet esse commotum; sudat, pallet", + "en": "[34] He doesnt disguise it, Members of the Senate; his agitation is evident; he sweats, turns pale." + }, + { + "id": 12410, + "la": "Quidlibet, modo ne [nausiet] faciat quod in porticu Minucia fecit", + "en": "Anything, as long as he doesnt do what he did100 in the Colonnade of Minucius!" + }, + { + "id": 12411, + "la": "Quae potest esse turpitudinis tantae defensio?", + "en": "What possible defense can be offered for such disgraceful conduct?" + }, + { + "id": 12412, + "la": "Cupio audire, ut videam [ubi rhetoris sit tanta merces, id est] ubi campus Leontinus appareat", + "en": "I am anxious to hear it, to see where the plain of Leontini comes into view.101 Yo" + }, + { + "id": 12413, + "la": "Sedebat in rostris collega tuus amictus toga purpurea, in sella aurea, coronatus", + "en": "ur colleague sat on the Rostra, wearing his 85purple toga, on his golden chair, a garland on his head." + }, + { + "id": 12414, + "la": "Escendis, accedis ad sellam 36'ita eras Lupercus ut te consulem esse meminisse deberes'diadema ostendis", + "en": "Up you come, you approach the chair, as a Lupercus'you were a Lupercus, but you should have remembered that you were a consul102'you display a diadem." + }, + { + "id": 12415, + "la": "Gemitus toto foro Unde diadema?", + "en": "Groans all over the Forum! Where did the diadem come from?" + }, + { + "id": 12416, + "la": "Non enim abiectum sustuleras, sed attuleras domo, meditatum et cogitatum scelus", + "en": "You had not picked one up that had been cast aside, but you had brought it with you from home, a planned, premeditated crime." + }, + { + "id": 12417, + "la": "Tu diadema imponebas cum plangore populi; ille cum plausu reiciebat", + "en": "You tried to place the diadem on Caesars head amid the lamentations of the people: he kept refusing it, and the people applauded." + }, + { + "id": 12418, + "la": "Tu ergo unus, scelerate, inventus es qui, cum auctor regni esses eumque quem collegam habebas dominum habere velles, idem temptares quid populus Romanus ferre et pati posset", + "en": "You had been urging Caesar to make himself king, you wanted him as a master instead of a colleague, so you and only you, you criminal, were found to make trial of what the Roman people could bear and suffer." + }, + { + "id": 12419, + "la": "At etiam misericordiam captabas: supplex te ad pedes abiciebas", + "en": "Why, you even tried pathos, throwing yourself 86as a suppliant at his feet." + }, + { + "id": 12420, + "la": "Quid petens? Ut servires?", + "en": "What was your petition? To be a slave?" + }, + { + "id": 12421, + "la": "Tibi uni peteres, qui ita a puero vixeras ut omnia paterere, ut facile servires; a nobis populoque Romano mandatum id certe non habebas", + "en": "You should have petitioned for yourself alone, who had lived in such a fashion from boyhood that you were prepared to endure anything and happily accept servitude.103 Assuredly you had no such commission from us and from the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 12422, + "la": "O praeclaram illam eloquentiam tuam cum es nudus contionatus!", + "en": "What a marvelously eloquent public speech you made'in the nude!" + }, + { + "id": 12423, + "la": "Quid hoc turpius, quid foedius, quid suppliciis omnibus dignius?", + "en": "What could be more disgraceful, more loathsome, more worthy of all manner of punishment than this?" + }, + { + "id": 12424, + "la": "Num exspectas dum te stimulis fodiamus?", + "en": "Are you waiting for us to dig your flesh with goads?104" + }, + { + "id": 12425, + "la": "Haec te, si ullam partem habes sensus, lacerat, haec cruentat oratio", + "en": "If you have a trace of feeling, these words of mine tear you, make you bleed." + }, + { + "id": 12426, + "la": "Vereor ne imminuam summorum virorum gloriam;", + "en": "I fear that what I am about to say may detract from the glory of our greatest heroes," + }, + { + "id": 12427, + "la": "dicam tamen dolore commotus: quid indignius quam vivere eum qui imposuerit diadema, cum omnes fateantur iure interfectum esse qui abiecerit?", + "en": "but indignation moves me to say it none the less: what is more unseemly than that he who put on the diadem is alive,105 when all admit that he who thrust it aside was rightly done to death!" + }, + { + "id": 12428, + "la": "At etiam ascribi iussit in fastis ad Lupercalia c caesari, dictatori perpetuo, m antonium consulem populi iussu regnum detulisse, caesarem uti noluisse", + "en": "Why, he even gave orders 87that the following notation be added to the calendar beside the date of the Lupercalia: To Gaius Caesar, dictator for life, Marcus Antonius, consul, offered royal power by order of the people: Caesar declined." + }, + { + "id": 12429, + "la": "Iam iam minime miror te otium perturbare; non modo urbem odisse sed etiam lucem; cum perditissimis latronibus non solum de die sed etiam in diem bibere", + "en": "I am not the least bit surprised any longer that quiet times unnerve you, that you hate the city, even the light of day, that you not only drink from early in the day with your crew of utterly wicked robbers but drink day after day." + }, + { + "id": 12430, + "la": "Ubi enim tu in pace consistes?", + "en": "Where can you maintain your footing in peacetime?" + }, + { + "id": 12431, + "la": "Qui locus tibi in legibus et in iudiciis esse potest, quae tu, quantum in te fuit, dominatu regio sustulisti?", + "en": "What place for you can there be among laws and law courts, which you, so far as in you lay, abolished under monarchical rule?" + }, + { + "id": 12432, + "la": "Ideone L Tarquinius exactus, Sp Cassius, Maelius, M Manlius necati ut multis post saeculis a M Antonio, quod fas non est, rex Romae constitueretur?", + "en": "Was Lucius Tarquinius driven out, were Spurius Cassius, Spurius Maelius, Marcus Manlius put to death,106 in order that centuries later a king (blasphemous thought!) should be set up by Marcus Antonius in Rome?" + }, + { + "id": 12433, + "la": "[35] Sed ad auspicia redeamus, de quibus [rebus] Idibus Martiis fuit in senatu Caesar acturus", + "en": "[35] Let us, however, get back to the auspices, concerning 88which Caesar was going to consult the senate on the fifteenth of March." + }, + { + "id": 12434, + "la": "Quaero: tum tu quid egisses?", + "en": "I ask you: what would you have done then?" + }, + { + "id": 12435, + "la": "Audiebam equidem te paratum venisse, quod me de ementitis auspiciis, quibus tamen parere necesse erat, putares esse dicturum", + "en": "I was indeed told that you had come prepared, because you thought that I would speak about the falsified auspices'which nonetheless had to be obeyed." + }, + { + "id": 12436, + "la": "Sustulit illum diem Fortuna rei publicae", + "en": "The Fortune of the Republic cancelled the meeting that day." + }, + { + "id": 12437, + "la": "Num etiam tuum de auspiciis iudicium interitus Caesaris sustulit?", + "en": "Did Caesars death also cancel your judgment concerning the auspices?" + }, + { + "id": 12438, + "la": "Sed incidi in id tempus quod eis rebus in quas ingressa erat oratio praevertendum est", + "en": "But I have come to a period of time that must be given precedence over the topics I was about to take up in my speech." + }, + { + "id": 12439, + "la": "Quae tua fuga, quae formido praeclaro illo die, quae propter conscientiam scelerum desperatio vitae, cum ex illa fuga beneficio eorum qui te, si sanus esses, salvum esse voluerunt, clam te domum recepisti!", + "en": "You fled in panic on that glorious day, and in the consciousness of guilt you despaired of your life; but by favor of those who wished you to survive if you were of sound mind, you turned back from your flight and secretly retreated to your house." + }, + { + "id": 12440, + "la": "O mea frustra semper verissima auguria rerum futurarum!", + "en": "Ah, my prophecies of things to 89come! Always true to the letter, always in vain!" + }, + { + "id": 12441, + "la": "Dicebam illis in Capitolio liberatoribus nostris, cum me ad te ire vellent ut ad defendendam rem publicam te adhortarer, quoad metueres, omnia te promissurum;", + "en": "I told our liberators there in the Capitol, when they wanted me to go to you in order to urge you to defend the Republic, that you would promise anything as long as you were afraid," + }, + { + "id": 12442, + "la": "simul ac timere desisses, similem te futurum tui", + "en": "but as soon as you had lost your fear, you would be like your old self." + }, + { + "id": 12443, + "la": "Itaque cum ceteri consulares irent redirent, in sententia mansi:", + "en": "So while other consulars went back and forth, I held to my opinion." + }, + { + "id": 12444, + "la": "neque te illo die neque postero vidi neque ullam societatem optimis civibus cum importunissimo hoste foedere ullo confirmari posse credidi", + "en": "I did not see you that day or the next, nor did I believe that any pact could cement an alliance between loyal citizens and a relentless public enemy." + }, + { + "id": 12445, + "la": "Post diem tertium veni in aedem Telluris et quidem invitus, cum omnis aditus armati obsiderent", + "en": "Two days later I came into the Temple of Tellus, against my own inclination since armed men stood guarding every entrance." + }, + { + "id": 12446, + "la": "Qui tibi dies ille, Antoni, fuit! Quamquam mihi inimicus subito exstitisti, tamen me tui miseret quod tibi invideris", + "en": "What a day that was for you, Antonius! Though 90you have suddenly become my enemy, I pity you for being your own worst enemy." + }, + { + "id": 12447, + "la": "[36] Qui tu vir, di immortales, et quantus fuisses, si illius diei mentem servare potuisses!", + "en": "[36] Immortal gods, what a man, and how great a man you would have been, if you could have maintained the frame of mind you were in that day!" + }, + { + "id": 12448, + "la": "Pacem haberemus, quae erat facta per obsidem puerum nobilem, M Bambalionis nepotem", + "en": "We would have peace, the peace made through a hostage, a boy of high descent, Marcus Bambalios grandson.107" + }, + { + "id": 12449, + "la": "Quamquam bonum te timor faciebat, non diuturnus magister offici;", + "en": "But fear made you honest, and fear as the counselor of duty is short-lived;" + }, + { + "id": 12450, + "la": "improbum fecit ea quae, dum timor abest, a te non discedit, audacia", + "en": "recklessness,108 which never deserts you so long as fear is absent, made you disloyal." + }, + { + "id": 12451, + "la": "Etsi tum, cum optimum te putabant me quidem dissentiente, funeri tyranni, si illud funus fuit, sceleratissime praefuisti", + "en": "And yet even at that time, when many thought very well of you (I did not agree), you presided at the tyrants funeral, if funeral it was, in a most criminal manner." + }, + { + "id": 12452, + "la": "Tua illa pulchra laudatio, tua miseratio, tua cohortatio;", + "en": "That beautiful tribute 91to the deceased, the pathos, the incitement'they were yours.109" + }, + { + "id": 12453, + "la": "tu, tu, inquam, illas faces incendisti, et eas quibus semustilatus ille est et eas quibus incensa L Bellieni domus deflagravit", + "en": "It was you, yes, you, who set light to the firebrands, both those with which Caesar was half-cremated, and those others which set fire to Lucius Bellienus house and burned it down." + }, + { + "id": 12454, + "la": "Tu illos impetus perditorum et ex maxima parte servorum quos nos vi manuque reppulimus in nostras domos immisisti", + "en": "It was you who directed those onslaughts of desperate characters, mostly slaves, against our houses, which we repelled by force of arms." + }, + { + "id": 12455, + "la": "Idem tamen quasi fuligine abstersa reliquis diebus in Capitolio praeclara senatus consulta fecisti, ne qua post Idus Martias immunitatis tabula neve cuius benefici figeretur", + "en": "And yet, in the days following, wiping off the soot as it were, you carried some admirable decrees of the senate in the Capitol, providing that after the fifteenth of March no record of an exemption or of any special grant be posted.110" + }, + { + "id": 12456, + "la": "Meministi ipse de exsulibus, scis de immunitate quid dixeris", + "en": "You yourself remember what you said about exiles, you know what you said about grants of exemption." + }, + { + "id": 12457, + "la": "Optimum vero quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti:", + "en": "Best of all, you removed the office of dictator from the Republic for all time." + }, + { + "id": 12458, + "la": "quo quidem facto tantum te cepisse odium regni videbatur ut eius omnem [propter proximum dictatorem] metum tolleres", + "en": "Thus it appeared that you had developed such a hatred of monarchy that you removed all fear of it." + }, + { + "id": 12459, + "la": "Constituta res publica videbatur aliis, mihi vero nullo modo, qui omnia te gubernante naufragia metuebam", + "en": "Others 92thought the Republic had been reestablished, but I thought nothing of the kind, for I feared all manner of shipwreck with you at helm." + }, + { + "id": 12460, + "la": "Num igitur me fefellit, aut num diutius sui potuit dissimilis esse?", + "en": "Well, was I wrong? Could he be unlike himself for any length of time?" + }, + { + "id": 12461, + "la": "Inspectantibus vobis toto Capitolio tabulae figebantur, neque solum singulis veni[e]bant immunitates sed etiam populis universis:", + "en": "Before your very eyes, gentlemen, official notices were put up all over the Capitol, and not only to individuals but to whole peoples exemptions from taxes were sold;" + }, + { + "id": 12462, + "la": "civitas non iam singillatim, sed provinciis totis dabatur", + "en": "citizenship was given no longer to one person at a time but to whole provinces.111" + }, + { + "id": 12463, + "la": "Itaque si haec manent, quae stante re publica manere non possunt, provincias universas, patres conscripti, perdidistis, neque vectigalia solum sed etiam imperium populi Romani huius domesticis nundinis deminutum est", + "en": "If these measures stand, as stand they cannot unless the Republic falls, you, Members of the Senate, have lost entire provinces; not revenues only but the very empire of the Roman people has been whittled down in Antonius private market." + }, + { + "id": 12464, + "la": "[37] Sunt ea quidem innumerabilia quae a tuis emebantur non insciente te, sed unum egregium de rege Deiotaro, populi Romani amicissimo, decretum in Capitolio fixum:", + "en": "[37] There is no counting the items bought from persons 93b112 close to you113 not without your knowledge, but one stands out: the decree posted on the Capitol concerning King Deiotarus, that faithful friend of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 12465, + "la": "quo proposito nemo erat qui in ipso dolore risum posse continere", + "en": "When it was put up, nobody could help laughing in the midst of his indignation." + }, + { + "id": 12466, + "la": "Quis enim cuiquam inimicior quam Deiotaro Caesar?", + "en": "For who ever had a worse enemy 94than Caesar was to Deiotarus," + }, + { + "id": 12467, + "la": "Aeque atque huic ordini, ut equestri, ut Massiliensibus, ut omnibus quibus rem publicam populi Romani caram esse sentiebat", + "en": "who was hated as much as Caesar hated this body, or the order of knights, or the people of Massilia,114 or all those to whom he felt the Republic of the Roman people was precious." + }, + { + "id": 12468, + "la": "Igitur a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens rex Deiotarus quicquam aequi boni imperavit, apud mortuum factus est gratus", + "en": "And so King Deiotarus came into favor with a dead man from whom, when that man was alive, Deiotarus obtained no justice or fair treatment either when he was with Caesar or apart from him." + }, + { + "id": 12469, + "la": "Compellarat hospitem praesens, computarat pecuniam [impetrarat], in eius tetrarchia unum ex Graecis comitibus suis collocarat, Armeniam abstulerat a setu datam", + "en": "When Deiotarus was his host, Caesar had rebuked him in person, had reckoned a sum, had planted one of his Greek companions in Deiotarus tetrarchy,115 had deprived him of Armenia,116 which had been given by the senate." + }, + { + "id": 12470, + "la": "Haec vivus eripuit, reddit mortuus", + "en": "All this he took away in his lifetime and returns after his death!" + }, + { + "id": 12471, + "la": "At quibus verbis!", + "en": "And in what terms!" + }, + { + "id": 12472, + "la": "Modo aequum sibi videri, modo non iniquum", + "en": "Sometimes it seems fair to him, 95sometimes it seems not unfair." + }, + { + "id": 12473, + "la": "Mira verborum comple!", + "en": "A remarkable turn of phrase!" + }, + { + "id": 12474, + "la": "At ille umquam50'semper enim absenti adfui Deiotaro'quicquam sibi quod nos pro illo postularemus aequum dixit videri", + "en": "But Caesar never said that anything we asked of him on Deiotarus behalf seemed fair'I know, for I always appeared for Deiotarus in his absence." + }, + { + "id": 12475, + "la": "Syngrapha sesterti centiens per legatos, viros bonos sed timidos et imperitos, sine stra, sine reliquorum hospitum regis facta in gynaecio est, quo in loco plurimae res venierunt et veneunt", + "en": "A bond for ten million sesterces was signed by envoys, worthy men but timid and inexperienced, without my approval or that of the kings other friends in Rome. The document was signed in the womens apartments, where a great many things have been sold and are being sold." + }, + { + "id": 12476, + "la": "Qua ex syngrapha quid sis acturus meditere censeo: rex enim ipse sua sponte, nullis commentariis Caesaris, simul atque audivit eius interitum, suo Marte res suas recuperavit", + "en": "I advise you117 to consider well what action you are going to take on that bond. For the king himself, of his own volition and without any memoranda of Caesars, recovered his possessions with his own military might as soon as he heard the news of Caesars death." + }, + { + "id": 12477, + "la": "Sciebat homo sapiens ius semper hoc fuisse ut, quae tyranni eripuissent, ea tyrannis interfectis ei quibus erepta essent recuperarent", + "en": "He knew in his wisdom that it has ever 96been lawful for those whose possessions have been seized by tyrants to recover them after the tyrants have been killed." + }, + { + "id": 12478, + "la": "Nemo igitur iure[is] consultus, ne iste quidem, qui tibi uni est iure consultus, per quem haec agis, ex ista syngrapha deberi dicet pro eis rebus quae erant ante syngrapham recuperatae", + "en": "No jurist, not even that person118 whom only you believe to be a jurist, through whom you are conducting this business, will say that payment is due on that bond for items which had been recovered before the bond was signed." + }, + { + "id": 12479, + "la": "Non enim a te emit, sed prius quam tu suum sibi vendere ipse possedit", + "en": "Deiotarus did not buy from you, but before you could sell him his own property, he took possession himself." + }, + { + "id": 12480, + "la": "Ille vir fuit;", + "en": "He behaved like a man;" + }, + { + "id": 12481, + "la": "nos quidem contemnendi, qui auctorem odimus, acta defendimus", + "en": "but we deserve contempt, who hate the author but defend his acts.119" + }, + { + "id": 12482, + "la": "Ubi est septiens miliens quod est in tabulis quae sunt ad Opis?", + "en": "Where is the seven hundred million which is recorded 93a120 in the account books kept at the Temple of Ops?" + }, + { + "id": 12483, + "la": "Funestae illius quidem pecuniae, sed tamen quae nos, si eis quorum erat non redderetur, a tributis posset vindicare", + "en": "That money has an evil history to be sure,121 but if it was not going to be returned to its owners it could save us from having to pay levies.122" + }, + { + "id": 12484, + "la": "Tu autem quadringentiens sestertium quod Idibus Martiis debuisti quonam modo ante Kalendas Aprilis debere desisti?", + "en": "As for you, how was it that before the first of April you ceased to owe the forty million sesterces that you owed on the fifteenth of March?" + }, + { + "id": 12485, + "la": "[38] Quid ego de commentariis infinitis, quid de innumerabilibus chirographis loquar?", + "en": "[38] What am I to say about the endless memoranda, 97the innumerable handwritten documents?" + }, + { + "id": 12486, + "la": "Quorum etiam institores sunt qui ea tamquam gladiatorum libellos palam venditent", + "en": "There are actually peddlers who sell them openly like programs for the gladiators." + }, + { + "id": 12487, + "la": "Itaque tanti acervi nummorum apud istum construuntur ut iam expendantur, non numerentur pecuniae", + "en": "Such great heaps of coin are built up at Antonius house that the money is no longer counted but weighed." + }, + { + "id": 12488, + "la": "At quam caeca avaritia est!", + "en": "But how blind avarice is!" + }, + { + "id": 12489, + "la": "Nuper fixa tabula est qua civitates locupletissimae Cretensium vectigalibus liberantur, statuiturque ne post M Brutum pro consule sit Creta provincia", + "en": "An official notice was lately posted exempting the richest communities in Crete from taxation and decreeing that after the proconsulship of Marcus Brutus, Crete shall cease to be a province." + }, + { + "id": 12490, + "la": "Tu mentis compos, tu non constringendus?", + "en": "Are you in your right mind? Should you not be in a straitjacket?" + }, + { + "id": 12491, + "la": "An Caesaris decreto Creta post M Bruti decessum potuit liberari, cum Creta nihil ad Brutum Caesare vivo pertineret?", + "en": "Could Crete be freed at the end of Marcus Brutus term as governor by an order of Caesars, when Crete had nothing to do with Brutus in Caesars lifetime?" + }, + { + "id": 12492, + "la": "At huius venditione decreti, ne nihil actum putetis, provinciam Cretam perdidistis", + "en": "By the sale of this order, in case you gentlemen imagine that nothing has happened, you have lost the province of Crete." + }, + { + "id": 12493, + "la": "Omnino nemo ullius rei fuit emptor cui defuerit hic venditor", + "en": "To sum it up, Antonius has been ready to sell anything to anybody who was ready to buy." + }, + { + "id": 12494, + "la": "Et de exsulibus legem quam fixisti Caesar tulit?", + "en": "Again, did Caesar pass the law that you posted up concerning 98exiles?" + }, + { + "id": 12495, + "la": "Nullius insector calamitatem: tantum queror, primum eorum reditus inquinatos quorum causam Caesar dissimilem iudicarit;", + "en": "I do not seek to add to the misery of any mans misfortune. I merely complain, first, that a taint has been placed upon the returns of those whose cases Caesar judged to be dissimilar;" + }, + { + "id": 12496, + "la": "deinde nescio cur non reliquis idem tribuas: neque enim plus quam tres aut quattuor reliqui sunt", + "en": "second, I dont know why you are not doing as much for the rest'for not more than three or four exiles still remain." + }, + { + "id": 12497, + "la": "Qui simili in calamitate sunt, cur tua misericordia non simili fruuntur, cur eos habes in loco patrui?", + "en": "Why should persons in like misfortune not benefit alike from your compassion? Why do you treat them as you treated your uncle?" + }, + { + "id": 12498, + "la": "De quo ferre, cum de reliquis ferres, noluisti: quem etiam ad censuram petendam impulisti, eamque petitionem comparasti quae et risus hominum et querelas moveret", + "en": "You chose to leave him out when you put through your law about the others. You also prompted him to stand for the censorship, getting up a candidature that evoked general mirth and general protest.123" + }, + { + "id": 12499, + "la": "Cur autem ea comitia non habuisti?", + "en": "And why did you not hold that election?" + }, + { + "id": 12500, + "la": "An quia tribunus plebis sinistrum fulmen nuntiabat?", + "en": "Was it 99because a tribune of the plebs announced lightning on the left?124" + }, + { + "id": 12501, + "la": "Cum tua quid interest, nulla auspicia sunt; cum tuorum, tum fis religiosus", + "en": "When it is you whose interests are concerned, the auspices mean nothing, but when it is your relations, then you develop religious scruples." + }, + { + "id": 12502, + "la": "Quid? Eundem in septemviratu nonne destituisti?", + "en": "Well? Did you not also let him down in the matter of the Board of Seven?125" + }, + { + "id": 12503, + "la": "Intervenit enim cui metuisti, credo, ne salvo capite negare non posses!", + "en": "Somebody unexpectedly came along to whom, I suppose, it was more than your life was worth to say no?" + }, + { + "id": 12504, + "la": "Omnibus eum contumeliis onerasti quem patris loco, si ulla in te pietas esset, colere debebas", + "en": "You have heaped all manner of insults on your uncle, whom you should have treated like a surrogate father, if you had any family feeling." + }, + { + "id": 12505, + "la": "Filiam eius, sororem tuam, eiecisti, alia condicione quaesita et ante perspecta", + "en": "You turned his daughter, your cousin,126 out of your house after you had looked for and investigated in advance another match." + }, + { + "id": 12506, + "la": "Non est satis: probri insimulasti pudicissimam feminam", + "en": "That wasnt enough for you: you accused her, a lady of the utmost propriety, of immoral conduct." + }, + { + "id": 12507, + "la": "Quid est quod addi possit?", + "en": "How much further could you go?" + }, + { + "id": 12508, + "la": "Contentus eo non fuisti: frequentissimo senatu Kalendis Ianuariis sedente patruo hanc tibi esse cum Dolabella causam odi dicere ausus es quod ab eo sorori et uxori tuae stuprum esse oblatum comperisses", + "en": "Still not satisfied, at a full meeting of the senate, on the first of January, in your uncles presence, you dared to allege as the reason for your hatred of Dolabella that you had discovered his adultery with your cousin and wife." + }, + { + "id": 12509, + "la": "Quis interpretari potest, impudentiorne qui in senatu, an improbior qui in Dolabellam, an impurior qui patre audiente, an crudelior qui in illam miseram tam spurce, tam impie dixeris?", + "en": "Who can decide which was the more extraordinary, your impudence in saying such a thing in the senate, your rascality in accusing Dolabella, your caddishness in doing so in your uncles hearing, or your cruelty in making such a filthy, outrageous charge against the unfortunate woman?" + }, + { + "id": 12510, + "la": "[39] Sed ad chirographa redeamus", + "en": "[39] But to get back to the handwritten documents:" + }, + { + "id": 12511, + "la": "Quae tua fuit cognitio?", + "en": "100what review did you conduct?" + }, + { + "id": 12512, + "la": "Acta enim Caesaris pacis causa confirmata sunt a senatu: quae quidem Caesar egisset, non ea quae egisse Caesarem dixisset Antonius", + "en": "Caesars acts were confirmed by the senate for the sake of peace'that is, what Caesar had actually done, not what Antonius claimed Caesar had done." + }, + { + "id": 12513, + "la": "Unde ista erumpunt, quo auctore proferuntur?", + "en": "Where do these handwritten documents spring from, on whose authority are they produced?" + }, + { + "id": 12514, + "la": "Si sunt falsa, cur probantur? Si vera, cur veneunt?", + "en": "If they are forgeries, why are they approved? If genuine, why are they being sold?" + }, + { + "id": 12515, + "la": "At sic placuerat ut ex Kalendis Iuniis de Caesaris actis cum consilio cognosceretis", + "en": "But it had been decided that you and your colleague with a board of assessors should scrutinize Caesars acts, commencing the first of June." + }, + { + "id": 12516, + "la": "Quod fuit consilium, quem umquam advocasti, quas Kalendas Iunias exspectasti?", + "en": "What was the board; whom did you ever summon as an advisor; which first of June did you wait for?127" + }, + { + "id": 12517, + "la": "An eas ad quas te peragratis veteranorum coloniis stipatum armis rettulisti?", + "en": "Was it the one on which you returned with a bodyguard of armed men after your tour of the veterans colonies?128" + }, + { + "id": 12518, + "la": "O praeclaram illam percursationem tuam mense Aprili atque Maio, tum cum etiam Capuam coloniam deducere conatus es!", + "en": "What a marvelous junket you made in April and May, at which time you attempted to establish a colony at Capua!" + }, + { + "id": 12519, + "la": "Quem ad modum illim abieris vel potius paene non abieris scimus", + "en": "We know how you got away from that place, or rather almost failed to get away.129" + }, + { + "id": 12520, + "la": "Cui tu urbi minitaris", + "en": "Now you make threats against 101Capua." + }, + { + "id": 12521, + "la": "Utinam conere, ut aliquando illud paene tollatur!", + "en": "If only youd make the attempt so that the word almost might be eliminated!" + }, + { + "id": 12522, + "la": "At quam nobilis est tua illa peregrinatio!", + "en": "But how glorious is your traveling about!" + }, + { + "id": 12523, + "la": "Quid prandiorum apparatus, quid furiosam vinolentiam tuam proferam?", + "en": "Why should I bring up the finery of your luncheons, your frenzied drunkenness?" + }, + { + "id": 12524, + "la": "Tua ista detrimenta sunt, illa nostra: agrum Campanum, qui cum de vectigalibus eximebatur ut militibus daretur, tamen infligi magnum rei publicae vulnus putabamus, hunc tu compransoribus tuis et collusoribus dividebas", + "en": "All that was at your expense, but it was at ours when you went about dividing the Campanian land between your lunch companions and gaming partners. Why, when that land was taken out of the revenues in order to give it to the soldiers,130 even that we thought a serious wound inflicted on the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 12525, + "la": "Mimos dico et mimas, patres conscripti, in agro Campano collocatos", + "en": "I tell you, Members of the Senate, that mime actors and mime actresses have been settled on Campanian land." + }, + { + "id": 12526, + "la": "Quid iam querar de agro Leontino?", + "en": "Why should I protest concerning the plain of Leontini?" + }, + { + "id": 12527, + "la": "Quoniam quidem hae quondam arationes Campana et Leontina in populi Romani patrimonio grandiferae et fructuosae ferebantur", + "en": "Because, of course, these arable lands of Campania and Leontini were once considered part of the patrimony of the Roman people, heavy-yielding and highly profitable." + }, + { + "id": 12528, + "la": "Medico tria milia iugerum: quid si te sanasset?", + "en": "Three thousand iugera for your doctor: what would have been his reward, if he had made you sane?" + }, + { + "id": 12529, + "la": "Rhetori duo: quid si te disertum facere potuisset?", + "en": "Two for your teacher of rhetoric: what if he had been able to make you a good public speaker?131" + }, + { + "id": 12530, + "la": "Sed ad iter Italiamque redeamus", + "en": "But let us return to your journey and to Italy." + }, + { + "id": 12531, + "la": "[40] Deduxisti coloniam Casilinum, quo Caesar ante deduxerat", + "en": "[40] You founded a colony at Casilinum, where 102Caesar had founded one previously." + }, + { + "id": 12532, + "la": "Consuluisti me per litteras de Capua tu quidem, sed idem de Casilino respondissem: possesne, ubi colonia esset, eo coloniam novam iure deducere", + "en": "You wrote asking my opinion'about Capua, it is true, whether you could legally found a new colony where there was one already; but I would have given the same answer about Casilinum." + }, + { + "id": 12533, + "la": "Negavi in eam coloniam quae esset auspicato deducta, dum esset incolumis, coloniam novam iure deduci: colonos novos ascribi posse rescripsi", + "en": "I informed you it was not legal for a new colony to be founded where there was a previous foundation, duly established with auspices, so long as it was still intact; but new colonists could be enrolled." + }, + { + "id": 12534, + "la": "Tu autem insolentia elatus omni auspiciorum iure turbato Casilinum coloniam deduxisti, quo erat paucis annis ante deducta, ut vexillum tolleres, ut aratrum circumduceres;", + "en": "However, in your insolent euphoria you swept aside regulations governing the auspices and founded a colony at Casilinum, where one had been founded a few years previously, so that you might erect a military banner132 and mark out the boundaries with the plow." + }, + { + "id": 12535, + "la": "cuius quidem vomere portam Capuae paene perstrinxisti, ut florentis coloniae territorium minueretur", + "en": "Indeed, you almost grazed the town gate of Capua with that plowshare so as to diminish the territory of that thriving colony." + }, + { + "id": 12536, + "la": "Ab hac perturbatione religionum advolas in M Varronis, sanctissimi atque integerrimi viri, fundum Casinatem", + "en": "After this disruption of religious principle, you dash off 103to a country estate near Casinum belonging to Marcus Varro, a gentleman of unblemished life and character." + }, + { + "id": 12537, + "la": "Quo iure, quo ore? Eodem, inquies, quo in heredum L Rubri, quo in heredum L Turseli praedia, quo in reliquas innumerabilis possessiones.", + "en": "By what right? With what effrontery? Why, the same, you will say, as when I invaded the lands of Lucius Rubrius heirs, and of Lucius Turselius heirs, and countless other properties." + }, + { + "id": 12538, + "la": "Et si ab hasta, valeat hasta, valeant tabulae, modo Caesaris, non tuae, quibus debuisti, non quibus tu te liberavisti", + "en": "And if you got it at a public auction, let that stand, let the records stand: but let them be Caesars, not yours, records of what you owed, not those by which you got out of debt." + }, + { + "id": 12539, + "la": "Varronis quidem Casinatem fundum quis venisse dicit, quis hastam istius venditionis vidit, quis vocem praeconis audivit?", + "en": "But as for Varros property near Casinum, who says that it was sold? Who saw the lance134 at such a sale or heard the voice of an auctioneer?" + }, + { + "id": 12540, + "la": "Misisse te dicis Alexandriam qui emeret a Caesare; ipsum enim exspectare magnum fuit", + "en": "You say you sent an agent to Alexandria to buy it from Caesar'it would have been too inconvenient, no doubt, to wait for Caesar in person." + }, + { + "id": 12541, + "la": "Quis vero audivit umquam'nullius autem salus curae pluribus fuit'de fortunis Varronis rem ullam esse detractam?", + "en": "But who ever heard'and no man had a larger 104number of concerned well-wishers'that any of Varros possessions was taken away from him?" + }, + { + "id": 12542, + "la": "Quid? Si etiam scripsit ad te Caesar ut redderes, quid satis potest dici de tanta impudentia?", + "en": "What if Caesar actually wrote to you directing you to return the property? What can be said to match such colossal impudence?" + }, + { + "id": 12543, + "la": "Remove gladios parumper illos quos videmus: iam intelleges aliam causam esse hastae Caesaris, aliam confidentiae et temeritatis tuae", + "en": "Remove for a few minutes those weapons which we behold, and you will soon realize that the status of Caesars auctions is one thing, your rash assurance another." + }, + { + "id": 12544, + "la": "Non enim te dominus modo illis sedibus sed quivis amicus, vicinus, hospes, procurator arcebit", + "en": "Not only the property owner but any friend or neighbor or guest or agent will keep you away from that residence." + }, + { + "id": 12545, + "la": "[41] At quam multos dies in ea villa turpissime es perbacchatus!", + "en": "[41] But how many days did you spend disgracefully carousing in that villa!" + }, + { + "id": 12546, + "la": "Ab hora tertia bibebatur, ludebatur, vomebatur", + "en": "From eight oclock in the morning there was drinking, gambling, vomiting." + }, + { + "id": 12547, + "la": "O tecta ipsa misera, quam dispari domino'quamquam quo modo iste dominus?'sed tamen quam ab dispari tenebantur!", + "en": "I pity the very building. How different an owner135'not that Antonius was the owner' but still, how different was the man who occupied that property!" + }, + { + "id": 12548, + "la": "Studiorum enim suorum M Varro voluit illud, non libidinum deversorium", + "en": "Marcus Varro intended it to be a retreat for his studies, not a den of vice." + }, + { + "id": 12549, + "la": "Quae in illa villa antea dicebantur, quae cogitabantur, quae litteris mandabantur!", + "en": "Think of what previously used to 105be spoken and thought and committed to writing in that villa:" + }, + { + "id": 12550, + "la": "Iura populi Romani, monumenta maiorum, omnis sapientiae ratio omnisque doctrinae", + "en": "the laws of the Roman people, the achievements of our ancestors, a systematic treatment of all philosophy, of all learning." + }, + { + "id": 12551, + "la": "At vero te inquilino'non enim domino'personabant omnia vocibus ebriorum, natabant pavimenta vino, madebant parietes, ingenui pueri cum meritoriis, scorta inter matres familias versabantur", + "en": "But when you were its tenant'not its owner'every room echoed with the shouts of drunkards, the pavements swam with wine, the walls were wet with it, boys of free birth mingled with child prostitutes, harlots with married ladies." + }, + { + "id": 12552, + "la": "Casino salutatum veniebant, Aquino, Interamna: admissus est nemo", + "en": "From Casinum and Aquinum and Interamna people came to pay their respects, but nobody was let inside'" + }, + { + "id": 12553, + "la": "Iure id quidem; in homine enim turpissimo obsolefiebant dignitatis insignia", + "en": "properly enough, for the symbols of rank were degraded in so utterly disgraceful a person." + }, + { + "id": 12554, + "la": "Cum inde Romam proficiscens ad Aquinum accederet, obviam ei processit, ut est frequens municipium, magna sane multitudo", + "en": "When he departed from there for Rome and approached 106Aquinum, a pretty large crowd came out to meet him, as might be expected from a populous town." + }, + { + "id": 12555, + "la": "At iste operta lectica latus per oppidum est ut mortuus", + "en": "But he was carried through the streets in a closed litter like a dead man." + }, + { + "id": 12556, + "la": "Stulte Aquinates: sed tamen in via habitabant", + "en": "It was foolish of the people of Aquinum, but they did live on the highway." + }, + { + "id": 12557, + "la": "Quid Anagnini? Qui, cum essent devii, descenderunt ut istum, tamquam si esset consul, salutarent", + "en": "What about the inhabitants of Anagnia? Although they were at a distance from Antonys route, nonetheless, they came down to pay their respects as though he were a consul." + }, + { + "id": 12558, + "la": "Incredibile dictu, sed cum vinus inter omnis constabat neminem esse resalutatum, praesertim cum duos secum Anagninos haberet, Mustelam et Laconem, quorum alter gladiorum est princeps, alter poculorum", + "en": "It is amazing to report, but it is agreed by all that nobodys greeting was returned'even though he had two native sons of Anagnia with him, Mustela and Laco, one a master swordsman, the other a master drinker.136" + }, + { + "id": 12559, + "la": "Quid ego illas istius minas contumeliasque commemorem quibus invectus est in Sidicinos, vexavit Puteolanos, quod C Cassium et Brutos patronos adoptassent?", + "en": "I need not relate the threats and insults 107with which he spoke harshly against the people of Sidicinum and persecuted the people of Puteoli because they had chosen Gaius Cassius and the Bruti as their patrons." + }, + { + "id": 12560, + "la": "Magno quidem studio, iudicio, benevolentia, caritate, non, ut te et Basilum, vi et armis, et alios vestri similis quos clientis nemo habere velit, non modo illorum cliens esse", + "en": "This they did out of their great liking, approval, goodwill, and affection, not under pressure of armed force, as this honor has been conferred on you and Basilus137 and others like you, whom nobody would want to have as clients, let alone to be a client of theirs." + }, + { + "id": 12561, + "la": "[42] Interea dum tu abes, qui dies ille collegae tuo fuit, cum illud quod venerari solebas bustum in foro evertit!", + "en": "[42] Meanwhile in your absence, what a glorious day that was for your colleague when he demolished the tomb in the Forum, which you used to revere!" + }, + { + "id": 12562, + "la": "Qua re tibi nuntiata, ut constabat inter eos qui una fuerunt, concidisti", + "en": "When that was reported to you, according to the general agreement of those who were with you at the time, you collapsed." + }, + { + "id": 12563, + "la": "Quid evenerit postea nescio;", + "en": "What happened later I do not know;" + }, + { + "id": 12564, + "la": "metum credo valuisse et arma;", + "en": "I imagine fear and weapons prevailed." + }, + { + "id": 12565, + "la": "collegam quidem de caelo detraxisti effecistique non tu quidem etiam nunc ut similis tui, sed certe ut dissimilis esset sui", + "en": "At any rate you dragged your colleague down from the heights and made him'not indeed like yourself even now, but certainly unlike himself." + }, + { + "id": 12566, + "la": "Qui vero inde reditus Romam, quae perturbatio totius urbis!", + "en": "Then there was your return to Rome: the whole city 108turned upside down!" + }, + { + "id": 12567, + "la": "Memineramus Cinnam nimis potentem, Sullam postea dominantem, modo Caesarem regnantem videramus", + "en": "We remembered the excessive power of Cinna, and the despotism of Sulla which followed, latterly we had seen Caesars monarchy." + }, + { + "id": 12568, + "la": "Erant fortasse gladii, sed absconditi nec ita multi", + "en": "There were weapons perhaps, but hidden and not so numerous." + }, + { + "id": 12569, + "la": "Ista vero quae et quanta barbaria est!", + "en": "But what an uncivilized, monstrous display yours is'" + }, + { + "id": 12570, + "la": "Agmine quadrato cum gladiis sequuntur; scutorum lecticas portari videmus", + "en": "men armed with swords follow you in battle order; we see litters full of shields being carried about." + }, + { + "id": 12571, + "la": "Atque his quidem iam inveteratis, patres conscripti, consuetudine obduruimus", + "en": "All this has become a thing of habit, Members of the Senate. Custom has made us callous." + }, + { + "id": 12572, + "la": "Kalendis Iuniis cum in senatum, ut erat constitutum, venire vellemus, metu perterriti repente diffugimus", + "en": "On the first of June, when we wished to enter the senate as it had been arranged, we took sudden flight in terror." + }, + { + "id": 12573, + "la": "At iste, qui senatu non egeret, neque desideravit quemquam et potius discessu nostro laetatus est statimque illa mirabilia facinora effecit", + "en": "Antonius, since he had no need of the senate, regretted 109nobodys absence; rather he was pleased to see us disperse and immediately carried out those amazing deeds of his." + }, + { + "id": 12574, + "la": "Qui chirographa Caesaris defendisset lucri sui causa, is leges Caesaris easque praeclaras, ut rem publicam concutere posset, evertit", + "en": "Having defended Caesars handwritten documents for his own gain, he proceeded to overturn Caesars laws, excellent laws, in order to undermine the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 12575, + "la": "Numerum annorum provinciis prorogavit;", + "en": "He extended the tenure of provincial office;" + }, + { + "id": 12576, + "la": "idemque, cum actorum Caesaris defensor esse deberet, et in publicis et in privatis rebus acta Caesaris rescidit", + "en": "and though he ought to have been the defender of Caesars acts, he actually rescinded Caesars acts in matters both public and private." + }, + { + "id": 12577, + "la": "In publicis nihil est lege gravius; in privatis firmissimum est testamentum", + "en": "In public affairs, nothing has greater weight than a law. In private life, the thing with the greatest validity is a will." + }, + { + "id": 12578, + "la": "Leges alias sine promulgatione sustulit, alias ut tolleret promulgavit", + "en": "As for laws, he annulled some without notice and gave notice of his intention to annul others;" + }, + { + "id": 12579, + "la": "Testamentum irritum fecit, quod etiam infimis civibus semper obtentum est", + "en": "and he nullified Caesars will, yet a will traditionally has always kept its validity even for the humblest." + }, + { + "id": 12580, + "la": "Signa, tabulas, quas populo Caesar una cum hortis legavit, eas hic partim in hortos Pompei deportavit, partim in villam Scipionis", + "en": "The statues and paintings which Caesar bequeathed to the people along with his suburban estate, those objects Antonius removed, partly to Pompeius estate, partly to Scipios villa." + }, + { + "id": 12581, + "la": "[43] Et tu in Caesaris memoria diligens, tu illum amas mortuum?", + "en": "[43] And are you looking after Caesars memory, do 110you love him in his grave?" + }, + { + "id": 12582, + "la": "Quem is honorem maiorem consecutus erat quam ut haberet pulvinar, simulacrum, fastigium, flaminem?", + "en": "What greater honor had Caesar attained than to have a sacred couch,138 an image, a gable,139 a special priest?" + }, + { + "id": 12583, + "la": "Est ergo flamen, ut Iovi, ut Marti, ut Quirino, sic divo Iulio M Antonius", + "en": "Just as Jupiter and Mars and Quirinus have their priests, so the divine Julius has Marcus Antonius." + }, + { + "id": 12584, + "la": "Quid igitur cessas?", + "en": "Why do you delay then?" + }, + { + "id": 12585, + "la": "Cur non inauguraris?", + "en": "Why are you not inaugurated?" + }, + { + "id": 12586, + "la": "Sume diem, vide qui te inauguret: collegae sumus; nemo negabit", + "en": "Choose a date, choose someone140 to inaugurate you. We are your colleagues, nobody will refuse." + }, + { + "id": 12587, + "la": "O detestabilem hominem, sive quod tyranni sacerdos es sive quod mortui!", + "en": "Abominable creature, whether because you are the priest of a tyrant or of a dead man!" + }, + { + "id": 12588, + "la": "Quaero deinceps num hodiernus dies qui sit ignores", + "en": "Next I ask whether you are unaware what day it is today." + }, + { + "id": 12589, + "la": "Nescis heri quartum in circo diem ludorum Romanorum fuisse, te autem ipsum ad populum tulisse ut quintus praeterea dies Caesari tribueretur?", + "en": "Dont you know that yesterday was the fourth day of the chariot races at the Roman Games141 and that you yourself put a law through an assembly of the people providing for a fifth day to be added in Caesars honor?" + }, + { + "id": 12590, + "la": "Cur non sumus praetextati?", + "en": "Why are we not in our holiday clothes?" + }, + { + "id": 12591, + "la": "Cur honorem Caesaris tua lege datum deseri patimur?", + "en": "Why do we let the honor granted Caesar by your law be omitted?" + }, + { + "id": 12592, + "la": "An supplicationes addendo diem contaminari passus es, pulvinaria contaminari noluisti?", + "en": "Perhaps you allowed public thanksgivings to be polluted by adding a day142 but did not want pollution to sully the sacred couches?" + }, + { + "id": 12593, + "la": "Aut undique religionem tolle aut usque quaque conserva", + "en": "Either abolish religion altogether or preserve it in every possible respect." + }, + { + "id": 12594, + "la": "Quaeris placeatne mihi pulvinar esse, fastigium, flaminem", + "en": "You ask whether I approve of the 111sacred couch, the gable, the special priest." + }, + { + "id": 12595, + "la": "Mihi vero nihil istorum placet: sed tu, qui acta Caesaris defendis, quid potes dicere cur alia defendas, alia non cures?", + "en": "Certainly not, none of it has my approval. But you, who are the defender of Caesars acts, how can you explain your defense of some acts and indifference to others?" + }, + { + "id": 12596, + "la": "Nisi forte vis fateri te omnia quaestu tuo, non illius dignitate metiri", + "en": "Unless perhaps you are willing to admit that you measure everything by your own profit, not Caesars honor." + }, + { + "id": 12597, + "la": "Quid ad haec tandem? Exspecto enim eloquentiam", + "en": "Well, what have you to say to all this? I await a display of eloquence." + }, + { + "id": 12598, + "la": "Disertissimum cognovi avum tuum, at te etiam apertiorem in dicendo", + "en": "I knew your grandfather to be eloquent in speaking, but I know you to be even more open." + }, + { + "id": 12599, + "la": "Ille numquam nudus est contionatus: tuum hominis simplicis pectus vidimus", + "en": "He never addressed a public meeting in the nude, whereas you, plain honest fellow that you are, have let us see your torso.143" + }, + { + "id": 12600, + "la": "Respondebisne ad haec, aut omnino hiscere audebis?", + "en": "Will you reply to all this, will you dare so much as to open your mouth?" + }, + { + "id": 12601, + "la": "Ecquid reperies ex tam longa oratione mea cui te respondere posse confidas?", + "en": "Will you find any point in this long speech of mine which you will feel confident of being able to answer?" + }, + { + "id": 12602, + "la": "[44] Sed praeterita omittamus: hunc unum diem, unum, inquam, hodiernum diem, hoc punctum temporis, quo loquor, defende, si potes", + "en": "[44] But let us leave aside what is past. This one day, this 112day that is now present, this point of time in which I speak: defend it if you can." + }, + { + "id": 12603, + "la": "Cur armatorum corona senatus saeptus est, cur me tui satellites cum gladiis audiunt, cur valvae Concordiae non patent, cur homines omnium gentium maxime barbaros, Ituraeos, cum sagittis deducis in forum?", + "en": "Why is the senate surrounded by a circle of armed men, why do your henchmen hear me with their swords in hand, why are the doors of the Temple of Concord not open, why do you bring into the Forum the most barbarous men of all nations, Ituraeans, with arrows?" + }, + { + "id": 12604, + "la": "Praesidi sui causa se facere dicit", + "en": "He says he does it for his protection." + }, + { + "id": 12605, + "la": "Non igitur miliens perire est melius quam in sua civitate sine armatorum praesidio non posse vivere?", + "en": "Is it not better to die a thousand deaths than to be unable to live in ones own community without an armed guard?" + }, + { + "id": 12606, + "la": "Sed nullum est istuc, mihi crede, praesidium: caritate te et benevolentia civium saeptum oportet esse, non armis", + "en": "But believe me, that is no protection. You should be fenced around by the love and goodwill of your countrymen, not by weapons." + }, + { + "id": 12607, + "la": "Eripiet et extorquebit tibi ista populus Romanus, utinam salvis nobis!", + "en": "The 113Roman people will take those weapons of yours from you, wrench them out of your hands; I pray that we do not perish in the process." + }, + { + "id": 12608, + "la": "Sed quoquo modo nobiscum egeris, dum istis consiliis uteris, non potes, mihi crede, esse diuturnus", + "en": "But however you deal with us, believe me, so long as you continue in your present course, you cannot last long." + }, + { + "id": 12609, + "la": "Etenim ista tua minime avara coniunx, quam ego sine contumelia describo, nimium diu debet populo Romano tertiam pensionem", + "en": "And indeed, that least acquisitive of ladies, your wife, whom I depict without insult, for too long has been owing her third installment to the Roman people.144" + }, + { + "id": 12610, + "la": "Habet populus Romanus ad quos gubernacula rei publicae deferat:", + "en": "The Roman people has men to whom it can commit the helm of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 12611, + "la": "qui ubicumque terrarum sunt, ibi omne est rei publicae praesidium vel potius ipsa res publica, quae se adhuc tantum modo ulta est, nondum recuperavit", + "en": "Wherever in the world they are, there is the entire defense of the Republic, or rather, there is the Republic itself, which so far has only avenged itself, not regained itself." + }, + { + "id": 12612, + "la": "Habet quidem certe res publica adulescentis nobilissimos paratos defensores", + "en": "Yes, assuredly the Republic has champions ready to hand, young men of the highest birth." + }, + { + "id": 12613, + "la": "Quam volent illi cedant otio consulentes; tamen a re publica revocabuntur", + "en": "Let them withdraw as much as they please out of concern for public tranquillity: the Republic will recall them." + }, + { + "id": 12614, + "la": "Et nomen pacis dulce est et ipsa res salutaris; sed inter pacem et servitutem plurimum interest", + "en": "The name of peace is sweet, the reality brings welfare; but there is a world of difference between peace and servitude." + }, + { + "id": 12615, + "la": "Pax est tranquilla libertas, servitus postremum malorum omnium, non modo bello sed morte etiam repellendum", + "en": "Peace is tranquil liberty, servitude is the worst of all evils, one to be averted not only at the price of war but even of death." + }, + { + "id": 12616, + "la": "Quod si se ipsos illi nostri liberatores e conspectu nostro abstulerunt, at exemplum facti reliquerunt", + "en": "If those liberators of ours have removed 114themselves from our sight, at least they have left the example of their deed behind them." + }, + { + "id": 12617, + "la": "Illi quod nemo fecerat fecerunt", + "en": "Those men did what no man had done before." + }, + { + "id": 12618, + "la": "Tarquinium Brutus bello est persecutus, qui tum rex fuit cum esse Romae regem licebat;", + "en": "Brutus of old waged war against Tarquin, who was king when kings were permitted in Rome." + }, + { + "id": 12619, + "la": "Sp Cassius, Sp Maelius, M Manlius propter suspicionem regni appetendi sunt necati:", + "en": "Spurius Cassius, Spurius Maelius, Marcus Manlius were put to death because they were suspected of aiming at monarchy.145" + }, + { + "id": 12620, + "la": "hi primum cum gladiis non in regnum appetentem, sed in regnantem impetum fecerunt", + "en": "But these present-day heroes were the first to take up swords not to attack an aspirant to monarchy, but a reigning monarch." + }, + { + "id": 12621, + "la": "Quod cum ipsum factum per se praeclarum est atque divinum, tum expositum ad imitandum est, praesertim cum illi eam gloriam consecuti sint quae vix caelo capi posse videatur", + "en": "A splendid, a godlike deed; also one open to imitation, especially as the doers have won such glory that it seems scarcely able to be contained by the heavens." + }, + { + "id": 12622, + "la": "Etsi enim satis in ipsa conscientia pulcherrimi facti fructus erat, tamen mortali immortalitatem non arbitror esse contemnendam", + "en": "For, although the consciousness of so noble an act was reward enough, still, I do not think a mortal ought to scorn immortality." + }, + { + "id": 12623, + "la": "[45] Recordare igitur illum, M Antoni, diem quo dictaturam sustulisti;", + "en": "[45] Therefore remember that day, Marcus Antonius, 115when you abolished the dictatorship." + }, + { + "id": 12624, + "la": "pone ante oculos laetitiam senatus populique Romani, confer cum hac nundinatione tua tuorumque: tum intelleges quantum inter lucrum et laudem intersit", + "en": "Put before your minds eye the joy of the senate and people of Rome, compare it with this trafficking of yours and of those near to you:146 then you will understand how wide is the gap between gain and glory." + }, + { + "id": 12625, + "la": "Sed nimirum, ut quidam morbo aliquo et sensus stupore suavitatem cibi non sentiunt, sic libidinosi, avari, facinerosi verae laudis gustatum non habent", + "en": "But I suppose just as certain individuals cannot relish their food as a result of some disease that deprives them of the power of sensation, so the libidinous, the greedy, the criminal are incapable of tasting true glory." + }, + { + "id": 12626, + "la": "Sed si te laus adlicere ad recte faciendum non potest, ne metus quidem a foedissimis factis potest avocare?", + "en": "But if praise cannot entice you into doing right, cannot even fear deter you from the foulest offenses?" + }, + { + "id": 12627, + "la": "Iudicia non metuis: si propter innocentiam, laudo; sin propter vim, non intellegis, qui isto modo iudicia non timeat, ei quid timendum sit?", + "en": "You do not fear the courts. Fine, if innocence is the reason; but if you rely on violence, dont you realize what must be feared by a person who neutralizes his fear of the courts in that way?" + }, + { + "id": 12628, + "la": "Quod si non metuis viros fortis egregiosque civis, quod a corpore tuo prohibentur armis, tui te, mihi crede, diutius non ferent", + "en": "If 116you do not fear brave men and loyal citizens because they are kept away from your person by weapons, your own followers, believe me, will not put up with you for long.147" + }, + { + "id": 12629, + "la": "Quae est autem vita dies et noctes timere a suis?", + "en": "And what sort of a life is that, day and night to be afraid of ones own followers?" + }, + { + "id": 12630, + "la": "Nisi vero aut maioribus habes beneficiis obligatos quam ille quosdam habuit ex eis a quibus est interfectus, aut tu es ulla re cum eo comparandus", + "en": "Unless, of course, you have men bound to you by greater acts of kindness than Caesar did in the case of some of those who killed him; or unless you are to be compared to him in any way." + }, + { + "id": 12631, + "la": "Fuit in illo ingenium, ratio, memoria, litterae, cura, cogitatio, diligentia;", + "en": "Caesar had talent, the ability to reason, a retentive memory, literary talent, concentration, reflection, industry." + }, + { + "id": 12632, + "la": "res bello gesserat, quamvis rei publicae calamitosas, at tamen magnas;", + "en": "His military achievements, even though disastrous to the Republic, had been great." + }, + { + "id": 12633, + "la": "multos annos regnare meditatus, magno labore, magnis periculis quod cogitarat effecerat;", + "en": "Aiming at monarchy for many years, he had accomplished his intention by means of hard work and great risks." + }, + { + "id": 12634, + "la": "muneribus, monumentis, congiariis, epulis multitudinem imperitam delenierat;", + "en": "He had cajoled the naive populace with shows, with buildings, with gifts and with feasts." + }, + { + "id": 12635, + "la": "suos praemiis, adversarios clementiae specie devinxerat", + "en": "He had bound his own followers by means of rewards, his adversaries by a show of clemency." + }, + { + "id": 12636, + "la": "Quid multa? Attulerat iam liberae civitati partim metu partim patientia consuetudinem serviendi", + "en": "In short, he had already succeeded in habituating a free community to servitude, partly through its fears, partly through its passivity" + }, + { + "id": 12637, + "la": "[46] Cum illo ego te dominandi cupiditate conferre possum, ceteris vero rebus nullo modo comparandus es", + "en": "[46] In your lust for despotic 117power I can compare you with him, but in all other respects, there is no comparison." + }, + { + "id": 12638, + "la": "Sed ex plurimis malis quae ab illo rei publicae sunt inusta hoc tamen boni est quod didicit iam populus Romanus quantum cuique crederet, quibus se committeret, a quibus caveret", + "en": "But out of the very many evils that Caesar branded on the Republic this much good has nonetheless come, namely that the Roman people learned how much reliance to place on each person, whom to trust, whom to beware of.148" + }, + { + "id": 12639, + "la": "Haec non cogitas, neque intellegis satis esse viris fortibus didicisse quam sit re pulchrum, beneficio gratum, fama gloriosum tyrannum occidere?", + "en": "Do you not reflect on this and understand that for brave men it is enough to have learned what a beautiful thing it is to slay a tyrant, what gratitude such a benefaction inspires, what fame and glory it brings?" + }, + { + "id": 12640, + "la": "An, cum illum homines non tulerint, te ferent?", + "en": "Will men put up with you, when they did not put up with Caesar?" + }, + { + "id": 12641, + "la": "Certatim posthac, mihi crede, ad hoc opus curretur neque occasionis tarditas exspectabitur", + "en": "Believe me, from now on it will be a race 118to get to the job; there will be no waiting for an opportunity which might be slow in coming." + }, + { + "id": 12642, + "la": "Respice, quaeso, aliquando rem publicam, M Antoni; quibus ortus sis, non quibuscum vivas considera", + "en": "Be so kind as to look back at last upon the Republic, Marcus Antonius. Think of the men from whom you sprang, not of those with whom you associate." + }, + { + "id": 12643, + "la": "Mecum, ut voles: redi cum re publica in gratiam, sed de te tu videris; ego de me ipse profitebor", + "en": "Make your peace with me or not, just as you please; but make your peace with the Republic. However, as for you, it is for you to determine. As for me, out of my own mouth I will make this declaration:" + }, + { + "id": 12644, + "la": "Defendi rem publicam adulescens, non deseram senex: contempsi Catilinae gladios, non pertimescam tuos", + "en": "I defended the Republic when I was young; I shall not desert it now that I am old. I despised Catilines blades; I shall not fear yours." + }, + { + "id": 12645, + "la": "Quin etiam corpus libenter obtulerim, si repraesentari morte mea libertas civitatis potest, ut aliquando dolor populi Romani pariat quod iam diu parturit!", + "en": "Yes, and I should be happy to offer my body if my death can bring into reality the freedom of our state so that the suffering of the Roman people at length brings to birth what has so long been in the womb." + }, + { + "id": 12646, + "la": "Etenim si abhinc annos prope viginti hoc ipso in templo negavi posse mortem immaturam esse consulari, quanto verius nunc negabo seni!", + "en": "In this very temple almost twenty years ago I 119said that death could not be untimely for a consular; with how much greater truth shall I now say, for an old man!" + }, + { + "id": 12647, + "la": "Mihi vero, patres conscripti, iam etiam optanda mors est, perfuncto rebus eis quas adeptus sum quasque gessi, duo modo haec opto, unum ut moriens populum Romanum liberum relinquam'hoc mihi maius ab dis immortalibus dari nihil potest'alterum ut ita cuique eveniat ut de re publica quisque mereatur", + "en": "For me, Members of the Senate, death is now something even to be wished for after the offices I have attained and the services I have rendered. I make only these two prayers: the first, that when I die, I leave the Roman people free'the immortal gods can grant me no greater favor than this'the second, that each mans fate match his deserts as a patriot." + }, + { + "id": 12648, + "la": "[1] Serius omnino, patres conscripti, quam tempus rei publicae postulabat, aliquando tamen convocati sumus;", + "en": "[1] Members of the Senate, we have been called together 1later than the crisis of the Republic demanded; but we meet at last." + }, + { + "id": 12649, + "la": "quod flagitabam equidem cotidie, quippe cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras ab homine profligato ac perdito non comparari, sed geri iam viderem", + "en": "I was pressing every day for a meeting, inasmuch as I saw a wicked war not in preparation but in actual conduct by a profligate and desperate man against our altars and hearths, against our lives and property." + }, + { + "id": 12650, + "la": "Exspectantur Kalendae Ianuariae;", + "en": "We are waiting for the first of January:" + }, + { + "id": 12651, + "la": "quas non exspectat Antonius, qui in provinciam D Bruti, summi et singularis viri, cum exercitu impetum facere conatur;", + "en": "but Antonius does not wait for this date. He is attempting to invade the province of our noble and distinguished fellow countryman Decimus Brutus with an army," + }, + { + "id": 12652, + "la": "ex qua se instructum et paratum ad urbem venturum esse minitatur", + "en": "and from that province he threatens, when equipped and ready, to march on the city." + }, + { + "id": 12653, + "la": "Quae est igitur exspectatio aut quae vel minimi dilatio temporis?", + "en": "Why then 2the waiting, or why a moments delay?" + }, + { + "id": 12654, + "la": "Quamquam enim adsunt Kalendae Ianuariae, tamen breve tempus longum est imparatis", + "en": "Although the first of January is nearly at hand, nevertheless even a short time is long for the unready." + }, + { + "id": 12655, + "la": "Dies enim adfert vel hora potius, nisi provisum est, magnas saepe clades; certus autem dies non ut sacrifici, sic consili exspectari solet", + "en": "For a day, or rather an hour, often brings great disasters if precautions have not been taken. Yet a decision is not like a sacrifice,1 not to be made before a particular day." + }, + { + "id": 12656, + "la": "Quod si aut Kalendae Ianuariae fuissent eo die quo primum ex urbe fugit Antonius, aut eae non essent exspectatae, bellum iam nullum haberemus", + "en": "But if the day when Antonius fled from the city had been the first of January, or if we had not waited for this date, we would not now have a war on our hands." + }, + { + "id": 12657, + "la": "Auctoritate enim senatus consensuque populi Romani facile hominis amentis fregissemus audaciam", + "en": "For we should easily have quelled the madmans insolence by the authority of the senate and the consensus of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 12658, + "la": "Quod confido equidem consules designatos, simul ut magistratum inierint, esse facturos;", + "en": "I am confident that the consuls-elect will do that as soon as they take office;" + }, + { + "id": 12659, + "la": "sunt enim optimo animo, summo consilio, singulari concordia", + "en": "for they are men of the best intentions, of excellent judgment, and agree remarkably well with one another." + }, + { + "id": 12660, + "la": "Mea autem festinatio non victoriae solum avida est sed etiam celeritatis", + "en": "But I am in a hurry. I am eager, not merely for victory, but for quick victory." + }, + { + "id": 12661, + "la": "Quo enim usque tantum bellum, tam crudele, tam nefarium privatis consiliis propulsabitur?", + "en": "So, how long will a war of such magnitude, a cruel 3and wicked war, be beaten back by private initiatives2?" + }, + { + "id": 12662, + "la": "Cur non quam primum publica accedit auctoritas?", + "en": "Why does not public authority come to their support without delay?" + }, + { + "id": 12663, + "la": "[2] C Caesar adulescens, paene potius puer, incredibili ac divina quadam mente atque virtute, cum maxime furor arderet Antoni cumque eius a Brundisio crudelis et pestifer reditus timeretur, nec postulantibus nec cogitantibus, ne[c] optantibus quidem nobis, quia non posse fieri videbatur, firmissimum exercitum ex invicto genere veteranorum militum comparavit patrimoniumque suum effudit: quamquam non sum usus eo verbo quo debui;", + "en": "[2] When Antonius fury was at its height and we dreaded his return from Brundisium, cruel and baneful as it would have been, without our asking or thinking or even praying for such a thing because it seemed impossible of accomplishment, a young man, or rather hardly more than a boy,3 Gaius Caesar, showed incredible and superhuman spirit and energy: he raised a very strong army of veteran soldiers who had never known defeat and lavished his patrimony'no, I have not used the appropriate word;" + }, + { + "id": 12664, + "la": "non enim effudit: in salute rei publicae collocavit", + "en": "he did not lavish it, he invested it in the salvation of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 12665, + "la": "Cui quamquam gratia referri tanta non potest quanta debetur, habenda tamen est tanta quantam maximam animi nostri capere possunt", + "en": "We cannot repay all we owe him, but all the gratitude of 4which our souls are capable is his due." + }, + { + "id": 12666, + "la": "Quis enim est tam ignarus rerum, tam nihil de re publica cogitans qui hoc non intellegat, si M Antonius a Brundisio cum eis copiis quas se habiturum putabat, Romam, ut minabatur, venire potuisset, nullum genus eum crudelitatis praeteriturum fuisse?", + "en": "Who is so ignorant of the world around him, so absolutely careless of the public good as not to realize that if Marcus Antonius could have returned from Brundisium to Rome, as he threatened to do, with the forces that he expected to have under his command, he would have left no form of cruelty unemployed?" + }, + { + "id": 12667, + "la": "Quippe qui in hospitis tectis Brundisi fortissimos viros optimosque civis iugulari iusserit;", + "en": "Under his hosts roof at Brundisium he ordered very brave men and most loyal citizens to be murdered;4" + }, + { + "id": 12668, + "la": "quorum ante pedes eius morientium sanguine os uxoris respersum esse constabat", + "en": "it was commonly reported that their blood splashed into his wifes face as they lay dying at his feet." + }, + { + "id": 12669, + "la": "Hac ille crudelitate imbutus, cum multo nobis omnibus veniret iratior quam illis fuerat quos trucidarat, cui tandem nostrum aut cui omnino bono pepercisset?", + "en": "Stained by such cruelty, and far more angry with all of us than he had been with the slaughtered victims, which of us or which single decent man would he have spared?" + }, + { + "id": 12670, + "la": "Qua peste rem publicam privato consilio'neque enim fieri potuit aliter'Caesar liberavit: qui nisi in hac re publica natus esset, rem publicam scelere Antoni nullam haberemus", + "en": "From that scourge 5Caesar by his private initiative'there was no other way for it to be accomplished'delivered the Republic: had he not been born in this Republic, through the crime of Antonius we should no longer have a Republic." + }, + { + "id": 12671, + "la": "Sic enim perspicio, sic iudico, nisi unus adulescens illius furentis impetus crudelissimosque conatus cohibuisset, rem publicam funditus interituram fuisse", + "en": "For it is my perception and judgment, that if this one young man had not checked that madmans rushing attacks and most savage purposes, the Republic would have perished utterly." + }, + { + "id": 12672, + "la": "Cui quidem hodierno die, patres conscripti'nunc enim primum ita convenimus ut illius beneficio possemus ea quae sentiremus libere dicere'tribuenda est auctoritas, ut rem publicam non modo a se susceptam sed etiam a nobis commendatam possit defendere", + "en": "Today, Members of the Senate, since for the first time thanks to him we have met under conditions which make it possible for us to give free expression to our sentiments, we must grant him authority so that he can defend the Republic not only on his own initiative but with our blessing." + }, + { + "id": 12673, + "la": "[3] Nec vero de legione Martia, quoniam longo intervallo loqui nobis de re publica licet, sileri potest", + "en": "[3] And since after so long an interval5 we are permitted 6to speak on public affairs, one cannot keep silent about the Martian Legion." + }, + { + "id": 12674, + "la": "Quis enim unus fortior, quis amicior umquam rei publicae fuit quam legio Martia universa?", + "en": "For what individual has ever proved a braver and better friend to the Republic than the entire Martian Legion?" + }, + { + "id": 12675, + "la": "Quae cum hostem populi Romani Antonium iudicasset, comes esse eius amentiae noluit:", + "en": "Judging Antonius to be an enemy of the Roman people, they refused to be party to his madness:" + }, + { + "id": 12676, + "la": "reliquit consulem; quod profecto non fecisset, si eum consulem iudicasset quem nihil aliud agere, nihil moliri nisi caedem civium atque interitum civitatis videret", + "en": "they deserted the consul, which they would surely not have done if they had judged him to be a consul; but they saw that his only purpose and plan was to massacre citizens and destroy the community." + }, + { + "id": 12677, + "la": "Atque ea legio consedit Albae", + "en": "And this legion encamped at Alba." + }, + { + "id": 12678, + "la": "Quam potuit urbem eligere aut opportuniorem ad res gerendas aut fideliorem aut fortiorum virorum aut amicorum rei publicae civium?", + "en": "It could have chosen no city more strategically suitable or more faithful, none with a braver population or more supportive of the community." + }, + { + "id": 12679, + "la": "Huius legionis virtutem imitata quarta legio duce L Egnatuleio quaestore, civi optimo et fortissimo, C Caesaris auctoritatem atque exercitum persecuta est", + "en": "Modeling itself upon the courage 7of this legion, the Fourth Legion, under the command of quaestor Lucius Egnatuleius, a most loyal and courageous citizen, has followed the authority and army of Gaius Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 12680, + "la": "Faciendum est igitur nobis, patres conscripti, ut ea quae sua sponte clarissimus adulescens atque omnium praestantissimus gessit et gerit, haec auctoritate nostra comprobentur, veteranorumque, fortissimorum virorum, tum legionis Martiae quartaeque mirabilis consensus ad rem publicam recuperandam laude et testimonio nostro confirmetur, eorumque commoda, honores, praemia, cum consules designati magistratum inierint, curae nobis fore hodierno die spondeamus", + "en": "So it is for us, Members of the Senate, to see to it that what this illustrious and most eminent young man has done and is doing of his own accord is sanctioned by our authority; we must further confirm by our approving testimony the wonderful unanimity for the restoration of the Republic that is displayed by the veterans, most courageous men, and also by the Martian and Fourth Legions; and we must this day make our pledge that their interests, honors, and rewards shall be our care when the consuls-elect have come into office." + }, + { + "id": 12681, + "la": "[4] Atque ea quidem quae dixi de Caesare deque eius exercitu iam diu nota sunt nobis", + "en": "[4] What I have just said about Caesar and his army has 8been known to us for some time past." + }, + { + "id": 12682, + "la": "Virtute enim admirabili Caesaris constantiaque militum veteranorum legionumque earum quae optimo iudicio auctoritatem nostram, libertatem populi Romani, virtutem Caesaris secutae sunt a cervicibus nostris est depulsus Antonius", + "en": "By Caesars admirable courage and by the resolution of the veteran soldiers and those legions who with excellent judgment have placed themselves behind our authority, the liberty of the Roman people, and the courage of Caesar, Antonius has been dislodged from our necks." + }, + { + "id": 12683, + "la": "Sed haec, ut dixi, superiora: hoc vero recens edictum D Bruti quod paulo ante propositum est certe silentio non potest praeteriri", + "en": "But all this came earlier, as I have said: Decimus Brutus dispatch is recent, it has just been published. Assuredly it cannot be passed over in silence." + }, + { + "id": 12684, + "la": "Pollicetur enim se provinciam Galliam retenturum in senatus populique Romani potestate", + "en": "For he promises to keep the province of Gaul in the control of the senate and people of Rome." + }, + { + "id": 12685, + "la": "O civem natum rei publicae, memorem sui nominis imitatoremque maiorum!", + "en": "A citizen born for the Republic, mindful of his name, following in the footsteps of his ancestors!" + }, + { + "id": 12686, + "la": "Neque enim Tarquinio expulso maioribus nostris tam fuit optata libertas quam est depulso Antonio retinenda nobis", + "en": "When Tarquin was driven out, our ancestors welcomed freedom; even more must we retain it, now that Antonius has been dislodged." + }, + { + "id": 12687, + "la": "Illi regibus parere iam a condita urbe didicerant: nos post reges exactos servitutis oblivio ceperat", + "en": "They had 9learned obedience to kings right from the foundation of the city, but after the expulsion of the kings we had forgotten what slavery was." + }, + { + "id": 12688, + "la": "Atque ille Tarquinius quem maiores nostri non tulerunt non crudelis, non impius, sed superbus est habitus et dictus: quod nos vitium in privatis saepe tulimus, id maiores nostri ne in rege quidem ferre potuerunt", + "en": "And this Tarquin that our ancestors did not endure was reckoned and called not the cruel or the impious, but the proud: our ancestors could not bear even in a king a fault that we have often put up with in private persons." + }, + { + "id": 12689, + "la": "L Brutus regem superbum non tulit: D Brutus sceleratum atque impium regnare patietur?", + "en": "Lucius Brutus did not tolerate a proud king: shall Decimus Brutus suffer a criminal and impious person to reign?" + }, + { + "id": 12690, + "la": "Quid Tarquinius tale qualia innumerabilia et facit et fecit Antonius?", + "en": "What did Tarquin ever do to compare with countless deeds both past and present of Antonius?" + }, + { + "id": 12691, + "la": "Senatum etiam reges habebant: nec tamen, ut Antonio senatum habente, in consilio regis versabantur barbari armati", + "en": "The kings too had a senate: but armed barbarians did not figure in the royal council chamber as they do when Antonius holds a senate." + }, + { + "id": 12692, + "la": "Servabant auspicia reges; quae hic consul augurque neglexit, neque solum legibus contra auspicia ferendis sed etiam collega una ferente eo quem ipse ementitis auspiciis vitiosum fecerat", + "en": "The kings observed the auspices, which this consul and augur has neglected, not only by putting through legislation in defiance of the auspices but by doing so in conjunction with a colleague whose election he himself had flawed by announcing false auspices." + }, + { + "id": 12693, + "la": "Quis autem rex umquam fuit tam insignite impudens ut haberet omnia commoda, beneficia, iura regni venalia?", + "en": "And 10what king ever had the unmitigated impudence to put up all benefits, grants, and rights in his realm for sale?" + }, + { + "id": 12694, + "la": "Quam hic immunitatem, quam civitatem, quod praemium non vel singulis hominibus vel civitatibus vel universis provinciis vendidit?", + "en": "Exemptions, citizen rights, rewards'are there any that he has not sold to individuals or communities or whole provinces?" + }, + { + "id": 12695, + "la": "Nihil humile de Tarquinio, nihil sordidum accepimus: at vero huius domi inter quasilla pendebatur aurum, numerabatur pecunia; una in domo omnes quorum intererat totum imperium populi Romani nundinabantur", + "en": "Nothing base or sordid is told of Tarquin: but in his house gold was weighed and money counted among the womens wool baskets;8 in a single dwelling all persons interested trafficked in the entire empire of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 12696, + "la": "Supplicia vero in civis Romanos nulla Tarquini accepimus: at hic et Suessae iugulavit eos quos in custodiam dederat et Brundisi ad trecentos fortissimos viros civisque optimos trucidavit", + "en": "We are not told that Tarquin ever executed Roman citizens: whereas he murdered those whom he had thrown into custody at Suessa, and at Brundisium he slaughtered some three hundred very brave men and most loyal citizens." + }, + { + "id": 12697, + "la": "Postremo Tarquinius pro populo Romano bellum gerebat tum cum est expulsus:", + "en": "Finally, at the time when Tarquin was driven out, he 11was waging war on behalf of the Roman people:" + }, + { + "id": 12698, + "la": "Antonius contra populum Romanum exercitum adducebat tum cum a legionibus relictus nomen Caesaris exercitumque pertimuit neglectisque sacrificiis sollemnibus ante lucem vota ea quae numquam solveret nuncupavit, et hoc tempore in provinciam populi Romani conatur invadere", + "en": "Antonius was leading an army against the Roman people when he was deserted by the legions and, in terror of Caesars name and army, neglecting the customary sacrifices, he took vows before daybreak which he shall never discharge;9 and at this moment he is attempting to invade a province of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 12699, + "la": "Maius igitur a D Bruto beneficium populus Romanus et habet et exspectat quam maiores nostri acceperunt a L Bruto, principe huius maxime conservandi generis et nominis", + "en": "So the Roman people has and expects a greater benefit from Decimus Brutus than our ancestors received from Lucius Brutus, who founded this clan and name, to be cherished above all others." + }, + { + "id": 12700, + "la": "[5] Cum autem est omnis servitus misera, tum vero intolerabile est servire impuro, impudico, effeminato, numquam ne in metu quidem sobrio", + "en": "[5] And while all 12slavery is miserable, slavery to a vile, debauched effeminate, who is never sober even when he is terrified, is downright intolerable." + }, + { + "id": 12701, + "la": "Hunc igitur qui Gallia prohibet, privato praesertim consilio, iudicat verissimeque iudicat non esse consulem", + "en": "In barring him from Gaul, and that by private initiative, Brutus judges that he is not consul, and he is entirely right." + }, + { + "id": 12702, + "la": "Faciendum est igitur nobis, patres conscripti, ut D Bruti privatum consilium auctoritate publica comprobemus", + "en": "Accordingly, Members of the Senate, it is our duty to approve Decimus Brutus initiative by public authority." + }, + { + "id": 12703, + "la": "Nec vero M Antonium consulem post Lupercalia debuistis putare: quo enim ille die, populo Romano inspectante, nudus, unctus, ebrius est contionatus et id egit ut collegae diadema imponeret, eo die se non modo consulatu sed etiam libertate abdicavit", + "en": "Indeed, you ought not to have regarded Marcus Antonius as consul after the Feast of Lupercal:10 on that day, when before the eyes of the Roman people he made a public speech naked, oiled, and drunk and tried to place a diadem on his colleague, on that day he not only abdicated the consulship but his personal freedom as well." + }, + { + "id": 12704, + "la": "Esset enim ipsi certe statim serviendum, si Caesar ab eo regni insigne accipere voluisset", + "en": "For he himself would certainly have become a slave then and there if Caesar had chosen to accept the emblem of monarchy from his hands." + }, + { + "id": 12705, + "la": "Hunc igitur ego consulem, hunc civem Romanum, hunc liberum, hunc denique hominem putem qui foedo illo et flagitioso die et quid pati Caesare vivo posset et quid eo mortuo consequi ipse cuperet ostendit?", + "en": "Am I then to think of him as a consul, as a Roman citizen, as a free man, or even as a human being, when on that day of infamy and shame he showed what he was capable of enduring while Caesar lived and equally what he himself desired to achieve after Caesars death?" + }, + { + "id": 12706, + "la": "Nec vero de virtute, constantia, gravitate provinciae Galliae taceri potest", + "en": "A word must also be said about the valor, resolution, 13and responsibility of the province of Hither Gaul," + }, + { + "id": 12707, + "la": "Est enim ille flos Italiae, illud firmamentum imperi populi Romani, illud ornamentum dignitatis", + "en": "as it is the flower of Italy, the bulwark of the empire of the Roman people, the ornament of its dignity." + }, + { + "id": 12708, + "la": "Tantus autem est consensus municipiorum coloniarumque provinciae Galliae ut omnes ad auctoritatem huius ordinis maiestatemque populi Romani defendendam conspirasse videantur", + "en": "The municipalities and colonies of the province of Gaul are at one: they all seem to have banded together in unanimous defense of the authority of this body and the majesty of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 12709, + "la": "Quam ob rem, tribuni plebis, quamquam vos nihil aliud nisi de praesidio, ut senatum tuto consules Kalendis Ianuariis habere possint, rettulistis, tamen mihi videmini magno consilio atque optima mente potestatem nobis de tota re publica fecisse dicendi", + "en": "Therefore, Tribunes of the Plebs, although your reference is confined to the matter of a guard so that the consuls may hold a senate in safety on the first of January, I think you have shown great judgment and excellent intentions in thus giving us an opportunity to speak on public affairs in general." + }, + { + "id": 12710, + "la": "Cum autem tuto haberi senatum sine praesidio non posse iudicavistis, tum statuistis etiam intra muros Antoni scelus audaciamque versari", + "en": "Moreover, your decision that a senate cannot be held in safety without a guard also implies that Antonius crime and audacity is at large even within the walls." + }, + { + "id": 12711, + "la": "[6] Quam ob rem omnia mea sententia complectar, vobis, ut intellego, non invitis:", + "en": "[6] Accordingly, 14I shall embrace it all in my proposal, as I believe will not be disagreeable to you:" + }, + { + "id": 12712, + "la": "ut et praestantissimis ducibus a nobis detur auctoritas et fortissimis militibus spes ostendatur praemiorum et iudicetur non verbo, sed re non modo non consul sed etiam hostis Antonius", + "en": "to provide that authority be given by us to the eminent commanders, hope of rewards held out to the very brave soldiers, and Antonius judged, not in word but in fact, to be not only not a consul but a public enemy." + }, + { + "id": 12713, + "la": "Nam si ille consul, fustuarium meruerunt legiones quae consulem reliquerunt, sceleratus Caesar, Brutus nefarius qui contra consulem privato consilio exercitus comparaverunt", + "en": "For if he is a consul, the legions that deserted a consul have deserved to be beaten to death, Caesar is a criminal and Brutus a villain for having raised armies against a consul by private initiative." + }, + { + "id": 12714, + "la": "Si autem militibus exquirendi sunt honores novi propter eorum divinum atque immortale meritum, ducibus autem ne referri quidem potest gratia, quis est qui eum hostem non existimet quem qui armis persequuntur conservatores rei publicae iudicantur?", + "en": "If, on the contrary, unprecedented honors are to be devised for the soldiers in recognition of their divine and unforgettable service, if it is beyond our power to recompense their commanders, who cannot but consider Antonius a public enemy, when those who attack him in arms are judged saviors of the Republic?" + }, + { + "id": 12715, + "la": "At quam contumeliosus in edictis, quam barbarus, quam rudis!", + "en": "But how insolent he is in his edicts, what ill-breeding, 15what ignorance!" + }, + { + "id": 12716, + "la": "Primum in Caesarem maledicta congessit deprompta ex recordatione impudicitiae et stuprorum suorum", + "en": "First, he heaped abuse on Caesar, taken straight from the recollection of his own vicious, debauched past." + }, + { + "id": 12717, + "la": "Quis enim hoc adulescente castior, quis modestior, quod in iuventute habemus illustrius exemplum veteris sanctitatis?", + "en": "Yet is there anyone more pure and modest than this young man, is there a more conspicuous example of old-time morality in our younger generation?" + }, + { + "id": 12718, + "la": "Quis autem illo qui male dicit impurior?", + "en": "And what fouler person is there than he the traducer?" + }, + { + "id": 12719, + "la": "Ignobilitatem obicit C Caesaris filio, cuius etiam natura pater, si vita suppeditasset, consul factus esset", + "en": "He taunts Gaius Caesars son with humble birth, though even his natural father would have been elected consul had he lived.11" + }, + { + "id": 12720, + "la": "Aricina mater Trallianam aut Ephesiam putes dicere", + "en": "A mother from Aricia:12 you would think he was saying from Tralles or from Ephesus." + }, + { + "id": 12721, + "la": "Videte quam despiciamur omnes qui sumus e municipiis, id est omnes plane: quotus enim quisque nostrum non est?", + "en": "Notice how all of us who come from country towns are looked down upon'which is to say, just about all of us: for how many of us do not?" + }, + { + "id": 12722, + "la": "Quod autem municipium non contemnit is qui Aricinum tanto opere despicit, vetustate antiquissimum, iure foederatum, propinquitate paene finitimum, splendore municipum honestissimum?", + "en": "And if he has such contempt for Aricia, an immemorially ancient community, in status a Roman ally under treaty, so close as almost to be our next-door neighbor, distinguished by the high standing of its members, what municipality does he not despise?" + }, + { + "id": 12723, + "la": "Hinc Voconiae, hinc Atiniae leges; hinc multae sellae curules et patrum memoria et nostra; hinc equites Romani lautissimi et plurimi", + "en": "From Aricia came the Voconian and 16the Atinian laws,13 many curule chairs14 in our fathers time and in our own, great numbers of very wealthy Roman knights." + }, + { + "id": 12724, + "la": "Sed si Aricinam uxorem non probas, cur probas Tusculanam?", + "en": "But if you do not approve of a wife from Aricia, why do you approve of one from Tusculum15?" + }, + { + "id": 12725, + "la": "Quamquam huius sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater, M At[t]ius Balbus, in primis honestus, praetorius fuit: tuae coniugis, bonae feminae, locupletis quidem certe, Bambalio quidam pater,", + "en": "Particularly as the father of this blameless and excellent lady from Aricia was Marcus Atius Balbus, a highly respected man of praetorian rank, whereas your wife, good lady that she is (rich, at all events), is the daughter of a certain Bambalio,16" + }, + { + "id": 12726, + "la": "homo nullo numero Nihil illo contemptius, qui propter haesitantiam linguae stuporemque cordis cognomen ex contumelia traxerat", + "en": "a person of no consequence, in fact a contemptible being who got his opprobrious name from his stammering tongue and dull wits." + }, + { + "id": 12727, + "la": "at avus nobilis.", + "en": "But her grandfather was a nobleman." + }, + { + "id": 12728, + "la": "Tuditanus nempe ille, qui cum palla et cothurnis nummos populo de rostris spargere solebat", + "en": "Of course, this Tuditanus,17 who used to throw coins from the Rostra among the crowd, dressed in an actors robe and buskins." + }, + { + "id": 12729, + "la": "Vellem hanc contemptionem pecuniae suis reliquisset!", + "en": "I could wish that his family had inherited his contempt for money!" + }, + { + "id": 12730, + "la": "Habetis nobilitatem generis gloriosam!", + "en": "Well, there you have a noble family to boast of!" + }, + { + "id": 12731, + "la": "Qui autem evenit ut tibi Iulia nata ignobilis videatur, cum tu eodem materno genere soleas gloriari?", + "en": "But how is it that Antonius thinks 17the daughter of a Julia a commoner when he constantly brags of coming from the same family on his mothers side?" + }, + { + "id": 12732, + "la": "Quae porro amentia est eum dicere aliquid de uxorum ignobilitate cuius pater Numitoriam Fregellanam, proditoris filiam, habuerit uxorem, ipse ex libertini filia susceperit liberos?", + "en": "What folly, again, this talk about low-born wives from a man whose father married Numitoria of Fregellae, the daughter of a traitor,19 and who himself acknowledged children by the daughter of a freedman?" + }, + { + "id": 12733, + "la": "Sed hoc clarissimi viri viderint, L Philippus qui habet Aricinam uxorem, C Marcellus qui Aricinae filiam; quos certo scio dignitatis optimarum feminarum non paenitere", + "en": "However, I leave this matter to two illustrious gentlemen, Lucius Philippus, who has the woman from Aricia as his wife, and Gaius Marcellus, who is married to the daughter of the lady from Aricia;21 I am sure they are well satisfied with the social status of these excellent ladies." + }, + { + "id": 12734, + "la": "[7] Idem etiam Q Ciceronem, fratris mei filium, compellat edicto, nec sentit amens commendationem esse compellationem suam", + "en": "[7] He further takes my brothers son, Quintus Cicero, to task in an edict, not having the sense to perceive that such treatment coming from him is a commendation." + }, + { + "id": 12735, + "la": "Quid enim accidere huic adulescenti potuit optatius quam cognosci ab omnibus Caesaris consiliorum esse socium, Antoni furoris inimicum?", + "en": "For what better could the young man hope for than to be generally recognized as associated in the counsels of Caesar and hostile to the madness of Antonius?" + }, + { + "id": 12736, + "la": "At etiam gladiator ausus est scribere hunc de patris et patrui parricidio cogitasse", + "en": "But this gladiator 18actually dared to write that Quintus had formed designs on the lives of his father and his uncle." + }, + { + "id": 12737, + "la": "O admirabilem impudentiam, audaciam, temeritatem, in eum adulescentem hoc scribere audere quem ego et frater meus propter eius suavissimos atque optimos mores praestantissimumque ingenium certatim amamus omnibusque horis oculis, auribus, complexu tenemus!", + "en": "Ah, amazing impudence, audacity, recklessness, to dare write such stuff about a young man for whom my brother and I vie in affection, which his personal charm, fine character, and outstanding talents so well deserve, who is constantly in our sight, in our hearing, in our arms!22" + }, + { + "id": 12738, + "la": "Nam me isdem edictis nescit laedat an laudet: cum idem supplicium minatur optimis civibus quod ego de sceleratissimis ac pessimis sumpserim, laudare videtur, quasi imitari velit; cum autem illam pulcherrimi facti memoriam refricat, tum a sui similibus invidiam aliquam in me commoveri putat", + "en": "And in the same edicts he mentions me, without knowing whether he is praising or attacking me: when he threatens most loyal citizens with the punishment that I inflicted on the worst criminals and traitors, he seems to be praising me, as though he wished to imitate me; but when he refurbishes the memory of that glorious act,23 he thinks that he is stirring up some odium against me on the part of persons like himself." + }, + { + "id": 12739, + "la": "[8] Sed quid fecit ipse?", + "en": "[8] But what did he do himself?" + }, + { + "id": 12740, + "la": "Cum tot edicta posuisset, edixit ut adesset senatus frequens a.d VIII Kalendas Decembris: eo die ipse non adfuit", + "en": "Having published all 19these edicts, he issued another, summoning a full senate on 24 November: on the day appointed he himself was absent." + }, + { + "id": 12741, + "la": "At quo modo edixit?", + "en": "And how did he phrase this edict?" + }, + { + "id": 12742, + "la": "Haec sunt, ut opinor, verba in extremo: Si quis non adfuerit, hunc existimare omnes poterunt et interitus mei et perditissimorum consiliorum auctorem fuisse.", + "en": "These, I think, are its concluding words: If anyone fails to attend, all will be able to set him down as an instigator of my destruction and of the most desperate designs." + }, + { + "id": 12743, + "la": "Quae sunt perdita consilia?", + "en": "What are these desperate designs?" + }, + { + "id": 12744, + "la": "An ea quae pertinent ad libertatem populi Romani recuperandam?", + "en": "Does he refer to those that have to do with the recovery of the Roman peoples freedom?" + }, + { + "id": 12745, + "la": "Quorum consiliorum Caesari me auctorem et hortatorem et esse et fuisse fateor", + "en": "To such designs I admit that I have instigated and encouraged Caesar and still do." + }, + { + "id": 12746, + "la": "Quamquam ille non eguit consilio cuiusquam; sed tamen currentem, ut dicitur, incitavi", + "en": "Not that he needed anybodys advice; all the same, I spurred a willing horse, as they say." + }, + { + "id": 12747, + "la": "Nam interitus quidem tui quis bonus non esset auctor, cum in eo salus et vita optimi cuiusque, libertas populi Romani dignitasque consisteret?", + "en": "As for your destruction, what decent man would not instigate it, when the safety and lives of the best citizens and the freedom and dignity of the Roman people depend on it?" + }, + { + "id": 12748, + "la": "Sed cum tam atroci edicto nos concitavisset, cur ipse non adfuit?", + "en": "But having 20roused us with so grim a summons, why did he not attend himself?" + }, + { + "id": 12749, + "la": "Num putatis aliqua re tristi ac severa?", + "en": "You dont think it was for some solemn and sober reason, do you?" + }, + { + "id": 12750, + "la": "Vino atque epulis retentus, si illae epulae potius quam popinae nominandae sunt, diem edicti obire neglexit: in a.d IV Kalendas Decembris distulit", + "en": "No, he was detained by wine and banqueting, if this can be called banqueting rather than gorging; that was why he failed to appear on the day named in his edict, and he postponed the meeting until 28 November.24" + }, + { + "id": 12751, + "la": "Adesse in Capitolio iussit; quod in templum ipse nescio qua per Gallorum cuniculum ascendit", + "en": "He ordered that it take place on the Capitol and himself made his way up to the temple through some Gauls tunnel.25" + }, + { + "id": 12752, + "la": "Convenerunt corrogati et quidem ampli quidam homines sed immemores dignitatis suae", + "en": "People who had been personally requested assembled, including some of quality, unmindful, however, of their dignity." + }, + { + "id": 12753, + "la": "Is enim erat dies, ea fama, is qui senatum vocarat ut turpe senatori esset nihil timere", + "en": "For the day, the common report, and the convener were such that it was discreditable to a senator not to be afraid." + }, + { + "id": 12754, + "la": "Ad eos tamen ipsos qui convenerant ne verbum quidem ausus est facere de Caesare, cum de eo constituisset ad senatum referre; scriptam attulerat consularis quidam sententiam", + "en": "However, even to those who did attend he did not dare to say a word about Caesar, although he had arranged to refer his conduct to the senate; and a certain consular26 had brought a draft motion." + }, + { + "id": 12755, + "la": "Quid est aliud de eo referre non audere qui contra se consulem exercitum duceret nisi se ipsum hostem iudicare?", + "en": "Not to dare to bring 21up the conduct of a man who was leading an army against himself, the consul, what was that but to judge himself a public enemy?" + }, + { + "id": 12756, + "la": "Necesse erat enim alterutrum esse hostem; nec poterat aliter de adversariis ducibus iudicari", + "en": "For one of the two had to be a public enemy; no other judgment was possible concerning two opposing commanders." + }, + { + "id": 12757, + "la": "Si igitur Caesar hostis, cur consul nihil refert ad senatum?", + "en": "If, then, Caesar was the enemy, why does the consul not refer to the senate?" + }, + { + "id": 12758, + "la": "Sin ille a senatu notandus non fuit, quid potest dicere quin, cum de illo tacuerit, se hostem confessus sit?", + "en": "But if Caesar was not to be censured by the senate, what can Antonius say except that by keeping silent about him he admitted himself to be the enemy?" + }, + { + "id": 12759, + "la": "Quem in edictis Spartacum appellat, hunc in senatu ne improbum quidem dicere audet", + "en": "He calls Caesar a Spartacus in his edicts, but in the senate he dares not so much as call him a criminal" + }, + { + "id": 12760, + "la": "[9] At in rebus tristissimis quantos excitat risus!", + "en": "[9] And how he makes us laugh in a most serious situation!" + }, + { + "id": 12761, + "la": "Sententiolas edicti cuiusdam memoriae mandavi quas videtur ille peracutas putare: ego autem qui intellegeret quid dicere vellet adhuc neminem inveni", + "en": "I have committed to memory some verbal gems from one of his edicts, phrases that he seems to think extremely clever, though I have yet to find anyone who understood what he meant." + }, + { + "id": 12762, + "la": "Nulla contumelia est quam facit dignus.", + "en": "An insult made by the worthy is no insult." + }, + { + "id": 12763, + "la": "Primum quid est dignus?", + "en": "First, what is worthy?" + }, + { + "id": 12764, + "la": "Nam etiam malo multi digni, sicut ipse", + "en": "For many folk are worthy of evil, as is he himself." + }, + { + "id": 12765, + "la": "An quam facit is qui cum dignitate est?", + "en": "Or does he mean an insult made by someone who possesses worth?" + }, + { + "id": 12766, + "la": "Quae autem potest esse maior?", + "en": "Can any insult be greater?" + }, + { + "id": 12767, + "la": "Quid est porro facere contumeliam?", + "en": "And further, what is making an insult?" + }, + { + "id": 12768, + "la": "Quis sic loquitur?", + "en": "Who talks like that?" + }, + { + "id": 12769, + "la": "Deinde: Nec timor quem denuntiat inimicus.", + "en": "It goes on: nor is a threat a threat when launched by an enemy." + }, + { + "id": 12770, + "la": "Quid ergo?", + "en": "Come now:" + }, + { + "id": 12771, + "la": "Ab amico timor denuntiari solet?", + "en": "are threats usually launched by friends?" + }, + { + "id": 12772, + "la": "Horum similia deinceps", + "en": "And so on and so forth." + }, + { + "id": 12773, + "la": "Nonne satius est mutum esse quam quod nemo intellegat dicere?", + "en": "Isnt it better to be dumb than to say what no one understands?" + }, + { + "id": 12774, + "la": "En cur magister eius ex oratore arator factus [sit] possideat in agro publico campi Leontini duo milia iugerum immunia, ut hominem stupidum magis etiam infatuet mercede publica!", + "en": "Now we see why his coach,29 turned from an orator into a farmer, occupies two thousand iugera of public land in the plain of Leontini tax-free, just to make a fool more fatuous still at the public expense!" + }, + { + "id": 12775, + "la": "Sed haec leviora fortasse: illud quaero, cur tam mansuetus in senatu fuerit, cum in edictis tam fuisset ferus", + "en": "These are trivialities perhaps. But I should like to ask 23why he was so gentle in the senate after such ferocities in his edicts." + }, + { + "id": 12776, + "la": "Quid enim attinuerat L Cassio tribuno plebis, fortissimo et constantissimo civi, mortem denuntiare, si in senatum venisset;", + "en": "For what purpose did it serve to threaten with death the tribune of the plebs, Lucius Cassius, a most courageous and resolute citizen, if he came to the senate;" + }, + { + "id": 12777, + "la": "D Carfulenum, bene de re publica sentientem, senatu vi et minis mortis expellere;", + "en": "or to drive from the senate with violence and threats to his life Decimus Carfulenus, loyal to the community;" + }, + { + "id": 12778, + "la": "Ti Cannutium, a quo erat honestissimis contionibus et saepe et iure vexatus, non templo solum verum etiam aditu prohibere Capitoli?", + "en": "or to bar from approaching the Capitol, let alone entering the temple, Tiberius Cannutius, whose most commendable speeches have often and rightly harassed Antonius?" + }, + { + "id": 12779, + "la": "Cui senatus consulto ne intercederent verebatur?", + "en": "Was he afraid of their vetoing a senatorial decree? What decree?" + }, + { + "id": 12780, + "la": "De supplicatione, credo, M Lepidi, clarissimi viri;", + "en": "That for the illustrious Marcus Lepidus public thanksgiving, I suppose." + }, + { + "id": 12781, + "la": "atque id erat periculum, de cuius honore extraordinario cotidie aliquid cogitabamus, ne eius usitatus honos impediretur!", + "en": "Not much danger that a normal honor would be obstructed when every day we were thinking out some extraordinary honor for him!" + }, + { + "id": 12782, + "la": "Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse ut senatus adesset, cum de re publica relaturus fuisset, adlato nuntio de legione quarta mente concidit, et fugere festinans senatus consultum de supplicatione per discessionem fecit, cum id factum esset antea numquam", + "en": "And when he 24was about to lay the state of the Republic before the senate, he lost his nerve when news arrived about the Fourth Legion, and so as not to appear to have summoned the meeting for nothing, being eager to run away, he had the decree for the public thanksgiving carried by a floor vote,30 even though this was an unprecedented procedure" + }, + { + "id": 12783, + "la": "[10] Quae vero profectio postea, quod iter paludati, quae vitatio oculorum, lucis, urbis, fori, quam misera fuga, quam foeda, quam turpis!", + "en": "[10] And then his departure: the route he took in his generals cloak, avoiding mens eyes, the daylight, the city, and the Forum! What a miserable, unseemly, disgraceful fashion of running away!" + }, + { + "id": 12784, + "la": "Praeclara tamen senatus consulta illo ipso die vespertina, provinciarum religiosa sortitio, divina vero opportunitas ut, quae cuique apta esset, ea cuique obveniret", + "en": "However, the senate passed some very fine decrees that same day in the evening:31 a scrupulous lottery of provinces took place, in which it fell out most providentially that every man got just what suited him best." + }, + { + "id": 12785, + "la": "Praeclare igitur facitis, tribuni plebis, qui de praesidio consulum senatusque referatis, meritoque vestro maximas vobis gratias omnes et agere et habere debemus", + "en": "So, Tribunes of the Plebs, you do very well to put up for 25discussion the matter of a guard for the consuls and the senate, and your action deserves the warmest thanks and gratitude of us all." + }, + { + "id": 12786, + "la": "Qui enim carere metu et periculo possumus in tanta hominum cupiditate et audacia?", + "en": "For amid so much unscrupulous self-seeking how can we not be in fear and danger?" + }, + { + "id": 12787, + "la": "Ille autem homo adflictus et perditus quae de se exspectat iudicia graviora quam amicorum suorum?", + "en": "As for that ruined and desperate individual, what harsher verdict upon himself does he expect than that of his friends?" + }, + { + "id": 12788, + "la": "Familiarissimus eius, mihi homo coniunctus, L Lentulus, et P Naso, omni carens cupiditate, [nullam se habere provinciam,] nullam Antoni sortitionem fuisse iudicaverunt", + "en": "A special intimate of his, and a friend of mine, Lucius Lentulus, and Publius Naso, who is devoid of all selfish ambition, declared that Antonius lottery was null and void.32" + }, + { + "id": 12789, + "la": "Quod idem fecit L Philippus, vir patre, avo maioribusque suis dignissimus;", + "en": "Lucius Philippus, a gentleman wholly worthy of his father, grandfather, and ancestors, did likewise;" + }, + { + "id": 12790, + "la": "in eadem sententia fuit homo summa integritate atque innocentia, C Turranius;", + "en": "the same view was taken by Gaius Turranius, a man of stainless integrity and probity;" + }, + { + "id": 12791, + "la": "idem fecit Sp Oppius;", + "en": "Spurius Oppius did the same." + }, + { + "id": 12792, + "la": "ipsi etiam qui amicitiam M Antoni veriti plus ei tribuerunt quam fortasse vellent, M Piso, necessarius meus, et vir et civis egregius, parique innocentia M Vehilius, senatus auctoritati se obtemperaturos esse dixerunt", + "en": "Even my friend Marcus Piso, an exemplary man and citizen, and the equally upright Marcus Vehilius, who out of consideration for their friendship with Antonius went further in his direction than perhaps they would have wished to do, declared that they would defer to the authority of the senate." + }, + { + "id": 12793, + "la": "Quid ego de L Cinna loquar, cuius spectata multis magnisque rebus singularis integritas minus admirabilem facit huius honestissimi facti gloriam?", + "en": "What shall I say of Lucius Cinna, whose outstanding 26integrity, proved in many affairs of great consequence, makes his highly praised and honorable action on this occasion less surprising?" + }, + { + "id": 12794, + "la": "Qui omnino provinciam neglexit; quam item magno animo et constanti C Cestius repudiavit", + "en": "He would have nothing to do with a province; and Gaius Cestius refused one in a similarly disinterested and resolute spirit." + }, + { + "id": 12795, + "la": "Qui sunt igitur reliqui quos sorsdivina delectet?", + "en": "Who then are the others who find delight in the providentially guided lots?" + }, + { + "id": 12796, + "la": "T Annius, M Antonius O felicem utrumque!", + "en": "Titus Annius, Marcus Antonius. A lucky pair!" + }, + { + "id": 12797, + "la": "Nihil enim maluerunt C Antonius Macedoniam", + "en": "Exactly what they both wanted. Gaius Antonius draws Macedonia." + }, + { + "id": 12798, + "la": "Hunc quoque felicem!", + "en": "Another lucky man!" + }, + { + "id": 12799, + "la": "Hanc enim habebat semper in ore provinciam C Calvisius Africam", + "en": "For he always had his eye on that province. Gaius Calvisius gets Africa." + }, + { + "id": 12800, + "la": "Nihil felicius! Modo enim ex Africa decesserat et quasi divinans se rediturum duos legatos Uticae reliquerat", + "en": "Nothing could be luckier! He had just left Africa, and as though warned by a prophetic instinct that he would return he had left two legates behind in Utica.34" + }, + { + "id": 12801, + "la": "Deinde M Cusini Sicilia, Q Cassi Hispania Non habeo quid suspicer: duarum credo provinciarum sortis minus divinas fuisse", + "en": "Then we have Marcus Cusinius with Sicily and Quintus Cassius with Spain. Nothing suspicious there: I suppose Providence was less active in the draws for those two provinces." + }, + { + "id": 12802, + "la": "[11] O C Caesar'adulescentem appello'quam tu salutem rei publicae attulisti, quam improvisam, quam repentinam!", + "en": "[11] Gaius Caesar'the young man I mean'what salvation 27have you brought to the Republic, how unexpected, how sudden!" + }, + { + "id": 12803, + "la": "Qui enim haec fugiens fecit, quid faceret insequens?", + "en": "For he who did things like this as he ran away, what would he be doing if he were on our heels?" + }, + { + "id": 12804, + "la": "Etenim in contione dixerat se custodem fore urbis, seque usque ad Kalendas Maias ad urbem exercitum habiturum", + "en": "He had stated at a public meeting that he would be the guardian of the city and would keep an army near the city until the first of May." + }, + { + "id": 12805, + "la": "O praeclarum custodem ovium, ut aiunt, lupum!", + "en": "Ah, a fine guardian, the proverbial wolf to guard the sheep!35" + }, + { + "id": 12806, + "la": "Custosne urbis an direptor et vexator esset Antonius?", + "en": "Would Antonius be the citys guardian or her plunderer and oppressor?" + }, + { + "id": 12807, + "la": "Et quidem se introiturum in urbem dixit exiturumque cum vellet", + "en": "He further said that he would enter the city and leave it when he chose.36" + }, + { + "id": 12808, + "la": "Quid illud? Nonne audiente populo sedens pro aede Castoris dixit, nisi qui vicisset, victurum neminem?", + "en": "To cap all, did he not say in the hearing of the people as he sat in front of the Temple of Castor that none but victors would be left alive?" + }, + { + "id": 12809, + "la": "Hodierno die primum, patres conscripti, longo intervallo in possessionem libertatis pedem ponimus: cuius quidem ego quoad potui non modo defensor sed etiam conservator fui", + "en": "Today for the first time, Members of the Senate, after a 28long interval we plant our feet on the soil of freedom, thefreedom which, while I could, I not only defended but preserved." + }, + { + "id": 12810, + "la": "Cum autem id facere non possem, quievi, nec abiecte nec sine aliqua dignitate casum illum temporum et dolorem tuli", + "en": "When I could play that role no longer, I held my peace and endured those disastrous and grievous times, not abjectly nor quite without dignity." + }, + { + "id": 12811, + "la": "Hanc vero taeterrimam beluam quis ferre potest aut quo modo?", + "en": "But this hideous monster'who can endure him or how?" + }, + { + "id": 12812, + "la": "Quid est in Antonio praeter libidinem, crudelitatem, petulantiam, audaciam?", + "en": "What is there in Antonius save lust, cruelty, insolence, audacity?" + }, + { + "id": 12813, + "la": "Ex his totus vitiis conglutinatus est", + "en": "He is wholly compacted of these vices." + }, + { + "id": 12814, + "la": "Nihil apparet in eo ingenuum, nihil moderatum, nihil pudens, nihil pudicum", + "en": "No trace in him of gentlemanly feeling, none of moderation, none of self-respect, none of modesty." + }, + { + "id": 12815, + "la": "Quapropter, quoniam res in id discrimen adducta est utrum ille poenas rei publicae luat an nos serviamus, aliquando, per deos immortalis, patres conscripti, patrium animum virtutemque capiamus, ut aut libertatem propriam Romani generis et nominis recuperemus aut mortem servituti anteponamus!", + "en": "Therefore, since there is now the critical 29question before us whether he pays his penalty to the Republic or we become slaves, by the immortal gods, Members of the Senate, let us at last take our fathers spirit and courage, resolving to regain the freedom that belongs to the Roman race and name, or else to prefer death to slavery!" + }, + { + "id": 12816, + "la": "Multa quae in libera civitate ferenda non essent tulimus et perpessi sumus, alii spe forsitan recuperandae libertatis, alii vivendi nimia cupiditate: sed si illa tulimus quae nos necessitas ferre coegit, quae vis quaedam paene fatalis'quae tamen ipsa non tulimus'etiamne huius impuri latronis feremus taeterrimum crudelissimumque dominatum?", + "en": "Much that should be intolerable in a free community we steeled ourselves to tolerate, some of us maybe in the hope of regaining freedom, others from too much love of living. But if we bore what necessity and a force that seemed like destiny compelled us to bear (and yet we did not bear it), shall we bear the most cruel and horrible despotism of this foul cutthroat?" + }, + { + "id": 12817, + "la": "[12] Quid hic faciet, si poterit, iratus qui, cum suscensere nemini posset, omnibus bonis fuerit inimicus?", + "en": "[12] What will he do, given 30the power, when he is angry, seeing that he was the enemy of all decent men when he had no grievance against anyone?" + }, + { + "id": 12818, + "la": "Quid hic victor non audebit qui nullam adeptus victoriam tanta scelera post Caesaris interitum fecerit, refertam eius domum exhauserit, hortos compilaverit,", + "en": "What lengths will he not go to as a victor when without gaining any victory he committed such heinous crimes after Caesars death? He emptied Caesars well-stocked house, plundered his gardens," + }, + { + "id": 12819, + "la": "ad se ex eis omnia ornamenta transtulerit, caedis et incendiorum causam quaesierit ex funere,", + "en": "transferred all their ornaments to his own; he sought to make the funeral a pretext for massacre and arson;" + }, + { + "id": 12820, + "la": "duobus aut tribus senatus consultis bene et e re publica factis reliquas res ad lucrum praedamque revocaverit,", + "en": "having passed two or three good senatorial decrees in the public interest, in all else he thought only of profit and plunder;" + }, + { + "id": 12821, + "la": "vendiderit immunitates, civitates liberaverit, provincias universas ex imperi populi Romani iure sustulerit,", + "en": "he sold exemptions, granted freedom to communities, removed entire provinces from the imperial jurisdiction of the Roman people," + }, + { + "id": 12822, + "la": "exsules reduxerit, falsas leges C Caesaris nomine et falsa decreta in aes incidenda et in Capitolio figenda curaverit,", + "en": "brought back exiles, caused false laws and false decrees in Gaius Caesars name to be inscribed on bronze and posted up on the Capitol," + }, + { + "id": 12823, + "la": "earumque rerum omnium domesticum mercatum instituerit, populo Romano leges imposuerit, armis et praesidiis populum et magistratus foro excluserit,", + "en": "and set up a market for all these items in his house; he imposed laws on the Roman people, excluding people and magistrates from the Forum with armed soldiers;" + }, + { + "id": 12824, + "la": "senatum stiparit armis, armatos in cella Concordiae, cum senatum haberet, incluserit, ad legiones Brundisium cucurrerit, ex eis optime sentientis centuriones iugulaverit,", + "en": "he surrounded the senate with armed men, put armed men inside the sanctuary of Concord while holding a senate; he hurried to Brundisium to the legions there, slaughtered their most loyal-minded centurions," + }, + { + "id": 12825, + "la": "cum exercitu Romam sit ad interitum nostrum et ad dispersionem urbis venire conatus?", + "en": "tried to return to Rome with an army to destroy us and sack the city." + }, + { + "id": 12826, + "la": "Atque is ab hoc impetu abstractus consilio et copiis Caesaris, consensu veteranorum, virtute legionum, ne fortuna quidem fractus minuit audaciam nec ruere demens nec furere desinit", + "en": "And when diverted from this headlong career by the initiative 31and forces of Caesar, the consensus of the veterans, and the valor of the legions, undismayed even by the change of fortune, he lessens none of his audacity nor does he desist from his mad, furious plunge." + }, + { + "id": 12827, + "la": "In Galliam mutilatum ducit exercitum; cum una legione et ea vacillante Lucium fratrem exspectat, quo neminem reperire potest sui similiorem", + "en": "He is leading his truncated army into Gaul; he waits for his brother Lucius'no one more like himself could he find'coming with a single legion, and that a wavering one.37" + }, + { + "id": 12828, + "la": "Ille autem ex myrmillone dux [ex gladiatore imperator] quas effecit strages, ubicumque posuit vestigium!", + "en": "As for that myrmillo38 turned general, what havoc he has made wherever he set his foot!" + }, + { + "id": 12829, + "la": " caedit greges armentorum reliquique pecoris quodcumque nactus est; epulantur milites; ipse autem se, ut fratrem imitetur, obruit vino; vastantur agri, diripiuntur villae, matres familiae, virgines, pueri ingenui abripiuntur, militibus traduntur", + "en": "He empties barns, slaughters herds of cattle and other animals, whatever comes his way. The soldiers feast; and he himself, in imitation of his brother, drowns himself in wine. Fields are laid waste, farmhouses ransacked, mothers of families, unmarried girls, and boys of free birth torn away and handed over to the soldiery." + }, + { + "id": 12830, + "la": "Haec eadem, quacumque exercitum duxit, fecit M Antonius", + "en": "Marcus Antonius has done just the same, wherever he has led his army." + }, + { + "id": 12831, + "la": "[13] His vos taeterrimis fratribus portas aperietis, hos umquam in urbem recipietis?", + "en": "[13] Will you open the gates to these hideous brothers 32or ever admit them into the city?" + }, + { + "id": 12832, + "la": "Non tempore oblato, ducibus paratis, animis militum incitatis, populo Romano conspirante, Italia tota ad libertatem recuperandam excitata, deorum immortalium beneficio utemini?", + "en": "Will you not rather use this heaven-sent boon: the proffered opportunity, the generals available, the spirit of the troops aroused, the Roman people united, all Italy stirred up to recover freedom?" + }, + { + "id": 12833, + "la": "Nullum erit tempus hoc amisso", + "en": "If we miss this moment, there will not come another." + }, + { + "id": 12834, + "la": "A tergo, fronte, lateribus tenebitur, si in Galliam venerit", + "en": "If he enters Gaul, he will be caught in a trap'rear, front, and flanks." + }, + { + "id": 12835, + "la": "Nec ille armis solum sed etiam decretis nostris urgendus est", + "en": "And he must be pressed not only with arms but also with our decrees." + }, + { + "id": 12836, + "la": "Magna vis est, magnum numen unum et idem sentientis senatus", + "en": "Mighty is the force, mighty the controlling power of the senate united in a single purpose." + }, + { + "id": 12837, + "la": "Videtisne refertum forum, populumque Romanum ad spem recuperandae libertatis erectum?", + "en": "Do you see the crowd in the Forum, the Roman people excited by the prospect of liberty regained?" + }, + { + "id": 12838, + "la": "Qui longo intervallo cum frequentis hic videt nos, tum sperat etiam liberos convenisse", + "en": "After a long interval they see us meeting here in full numbers, and they also hope we have met as free men." + }, + { + "id": 12839, + "la": "Hunc ego diem exspectans M Antoni scelerata arma vitavi, tum cum ille in me absentem invehens non intellegebat quod ad tempus me et meas viris reservarem", + "en": "In expectation of this day I avoided 33Marcus Antonius criminal violence, when he assailed me in my absence;39 little did he realize that I was reserving myself and my strength for a particular juncture." + }, + { + "id": 12840, + "la": "Si enim tum illi caedis a me initium quaerenti respondere voluissem, nunc rei publicae consulere non possem Hanc vero nactus facultatem, nullum tempus, patres conscripti, dimittam neque diurnum neque nocturnum quin de libertate populi Romani et dignitate vestra quod cogitandum sit cogitem, quod agendum atque faciendum, id non modo non recusem sed etiam appetam atque deposcam", + "en": "If I had elected to answer him then, just when he was looking for an excuse to start a massacre with me, I should be in no position to support the Republic now. But the opportunity has arrived: Members of the Senate, I shall employ every moment of the day and of the night in thinking, insofar as thought is required, of the freedom of the Roman people and of your dignity; I shall not only not recoil from action and activity, where that is called for, but I shall even seek and demand it." + }, + { + "id": 12841, + "la": "Hoc feci dum licuit; intermisi quoad non licuit", + "en": "This I did while it was permitted; I ceased to do it temporarily, so long as it was not permitted." + }, + { + "id": 12842, + "la": "Iam non solum licet sed etiam necesse est, nisi servire malumus quam ne serviamus armis animisque decernere", + "en": "Now not only is it permitted, it is even necessary, unless we prefer to be slaves rather than fight to determine with our courage and our weapons that slaves we shall not be." + }, + { + "id": 12843, + "la": "Di immortales nobis haec praesidia dederunt: urbi Caesarem, Brutum Galliae", + "en": "The immortal gods have given us two bulwarks: Caesar for the city, Brutus for Gaul." + }, + { + "id": 12844, + "la": "Si enim ille urbem opprimere potuisset, statim, si Galliam tenere, paulo post optimo cuique pereundum, reliquis serviendum", + "en": "For if Antonius had been able to crush the city or to lay hold of Gaul, it would have meant death for all the best men and slavery for the rest, immediate in the first case, a little later in the second." + }, + { + "id": 12845, + "la": "[14] Hanc igitur occasionem oblatam tenete, per deos immortalis, patres conscripti, et amplissimi orbis terrae consili principes vos esse aliquando recordamini!", + "en": "[14] Therefore, Members of the Senate, by the immortal gods, seize this proffered opportunity and at long last remember that you are leaders of the most august council in the world!" + }, + { + "id": 12846, + "la": "Signum date populo Romano consilium vestrum non deesse rei publicae, quoniam ille virtutem suam non defuturam esse profitetur", + "en": "Give a signal to the Roman people that your wisdom will not fail the Republic, since they declare that their courage will not be wanting." + }, + { + "id": 12847, + "la": "Nihil est quod moneam vos", + "en": "You do not need me to advise you." + }, + { + "id": 12848, + "la": "Nemo est tam stultus qui non intellegat, si indormierimus huic tempori, non modo crudelem superbamque dominationem nobis sed ignominiosam etiam et flagitiosam ferendam", + "en": "No man is so dull as not to realize that if we doze over this point in time, we shall have to endure a despotism not only cruel and arrogant but also ignominious and disgraceful." + }, + { + "id": 12849, + "la": "Nostis insolentiam Antoni, nostis amicos, nostis totam domum", + "en": "You know Antonius insolence, you know his friends, you 35know his whole household." + }, + { + "id": 12850, + "la": "Libidinosis, petulantibus, impuris, impudicis, aleatoribus, ebriis servire, ea summa miseria est summo dedecore coniuncta", + "en": "To be slaves to libertines, bullies, foul profligates, gamblers, and drunkards, that is the ultimate in misery joined with the ultimate in dishonor." + }, + { + "id": 12851, + "la": "Quod si iam'quod di omen avertant!'fatum extremum rei publicae venit, quod gladiatores nobiles faciunt, ut honeste decumbant, faciamus nos, principes orbis terrarum gentiumque omnium, ut cum dignitate potius cadamus quam cum ignominia serviamus", + "en": "If'may the gods avert the omen!'the final episode in the history of the Republic has arrived, let us behave like champion gladiators: they meet death honorably; let us, who stand foremost in the world and all its nations, see to it that we fall with dignity rather than serve with ignominy." + }, + { + "id": 12852, + "la": "Nihil est detestabilius dedecore, nihil foedius servitute", + "en": "Nothing is more abominable than disgrace, nothing is uglier 36than servitude." + }, + { + "id": 12853, + "la": "Ad decus et ad libertatem nati sumus: aut haec teneamus aut cum dignitate moriamur", + "en": "We were born for honor and freedom: let us either retain them or die with dignity." + }, + { + "id": 12854, + "la": "Nimium diu teximus quid sentiremus; nunc iam apertum est", + "en": "Too long we have kept our feelings hidden. Now they are in the open." + }, + { + "id": 12855, + "la": "Omnes patefaciunt in utramque partem quid sentiant, quid velint", + "en": "All are making plain on one side or the other what they feel and wish for." + }, + { + "id": 12856, + "la": "Sunt impii cives'pro caritate rei publicae nimium multi, sed contra multitudinem bene sentientium admodum pauci'quorum opprimendorum di immortales incredibilem rei publicae potestatem et fortunam dederunt", + "en": "There are traitors: too many, given the precious worth of the Republic, but quite few compared with the multitude of loyal-minded citizens; the immortal gods have given the Republic incredible power and good fortune by which to crush them." + }, + { + "id": 12857, + "la": "Ad ea enim praesidia quae habemus iam accedent consules summa prudentia, virtute, concordia, multos mensis de populi Romani libertate commentati atque meditati", + "en": "To the forces already at our disposal will shortly be added consuls of outstanding wisdom, courage, like-mindedness, who for many months have been pondering deeply on the freedom of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 12858, + "la": "His auctoribus et ducibus, dis iuvantibus, nobis vigilantibus et multum in posterum providentibus, populo Romano consentiente, erimus profecto liberi brevi tempore", + "en": "With their advice and leadership, with the gods help, with our vigilance and farsighted provision, and with the Roman people united, we shall without doubt be free in no long time." + }, + { + "id": 12859, + "la": "Iucundiorem autem faciet libertatem servitutis recordatio", + "en": "And freedom will be made sweeter by the memory of servitude." + }, + { + "id": 12860, + "la": "[15] Quas ob res, quod tribuni plebis verba fecerunt uti senatus Kalendis Ianuariis tuto haberi sententiaeque de summa re publica libere dici possint, de ea re ita censeo:", + "en": "[15] Accordingly, whereas the tribunes of the plebs 37have spoken to the intent that a meeting of the senate may be held in safety on the first of January and that views on the state of the Republic may be freely expressed, I propose as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 12861, + "la": "Uti C Pansa A Hirtius, consules designati, dent operam uti senatus Kalendis Ianuariis tuto haberi possit", + "en": "That Gaius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius, consuls-elect, take measures to ensure that a meeting of the senate can be held in safety on the first of January." + }, + { + "id": 12862, + "la": "Quodque edictum D Bruti, imperatoris, consulis designati, propositum sit, senatum existimare D Brutum, imperatorem, consulem designatum, optime de re publica mereri, cum senatus auctoritatem populique Romani libertatem imperiumque defendat;", + "en": "Further that, whereas a dispatch has been issued by Decimus Brutus, imperator and consul-elect, the senate judges Decimus Brutus, imperator and consul-elect, to deserve excellently well of the Republic in that he defends the authority of the senate and the liberty and empire of the Roman people;" + }, + { + "id": 12863, + "la": "quodque provinciam Galliam citeriorem, optimorum et fortissimorum virorum amicissimorumque rei publicae civium, exercitumque in senatus potestate retineat, id eum exercitumque eius, municipia, colonias provinciae Galliae recte atque ordine exque re publica fecisse et facere", + "en": "and, whereas he retains the province of 38Hither Gaul, with its excellent and most courageous inhabitants and citizens most supportive of the Republic, and his army under control of the senate, the senate judges that he and his army and the municipalities and colonies of the province of Gaul have acted and are acting rightly, properly, and in the public interest." + }, + { + "id": 12864, + "la": "Senatum ad summam rem publicam pertinere arbitrari ab D Bruto et L Planco imperatoribus, consulibus designatis itemque a ceteris qui provincias obtinent obtineri ex lege Iulia, quoad ex senatus consulto cuique eorum successum sit, eosque dare operam ut eae provinciae eique exercitus in senati populique Romani potestate praesidioque rei publicae sint", + "en": "That the senate considers it of the highest public importance that Decimus Brutus and Lucius Plancus, imperators and consuls-elect,40 along with other holders of provinces, should continue to hold them under the Julian Law41 until such time as a successor be appointed to each by decree of the senate, and that they see to it that those provinces and those armies be in the control of the senate and Roman people, ready to defend the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 12865, + "la": "Cumque opera, virtute, consilio C Caesaris summoque consensu militum veteranorum, qui eius auctoritatem secuti rei publicae praesidio sunt et fuerunt, a gravissimis periculis populus Romanus defensus sit et hoc tempore defendatur;", + "en": "Further, since by the agency, courage, and judgment of Gaius Caesar and the united action of the veteran soldiers, who following his lead are and have been defending the Republic, the Roman people has been protected from very grave dangers and is protected at this present time;" + }, + { + "id": 12866, + "la": "cumque legio Martia Albae constiterit, in municipio fidelissimo et fortissimo, seseque ad senatus auctoritatem populique Romani libertatem contulerit;", + "en": "and since the Martian Legion has stationed 39itself in Alba, a most loyal and brave township, and placed itself in support of the authority of the senate and the liberty of the Roman people;" + }, + { + "id": 12867, + "la": "et quod pari consilio eademque virtute legio quarta usa, L Egnatuleio duce, quaestore optimo, civi egregio, senatus auctoritatem populique Romani libertatem defendat ac defenderit, senatui magnae curae esse ac fore ut pro tantis eorum in rem publicam meritis honores eis habeantur gratiaeque referantur", + "en": "and whereas the Fourth Legion, with equal judgment and the same courage, under the leadership of Lucius Egnatuleius, an excellent quaestor and outstanding citizen, is defending and has defended the authority of the senate and the liberty of the Roman people: that it is and will be of great concern to the senate that in return for their eminent services to the Republic, honors be accorded and gratitude shown to them." + }, + { + "id": 12868, + "la": "Senatui placere uti C Pansa A Hirtius, consules designati, cum magistratum inissent, si eis videretur, primo quoque tempore de his rebus ad hunc ordinem referrent, ita uti e re publica fideque sua videretur", + "en": "That it pleases the senate that Gaius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius, consuls-elect, if they see fit, should as soon as possible after taking office consult this body concerning these matters in whatever manner may appear consonant with the public interest and their own duty." + }, + { + "id": 12869, + "la": "[1] Frequentia vestrum incredibilis, Quirites, contioque tanta quantam meminisse non videor et alacritatem mihi summam defendendae rei publicae adfert et spem recuperandae", + "en": "[1] Your extraordinary numbers, Men of Rome, and the 1size of this meeting, larger than any I can remember, fills me with a lively eagerness to defend the Republic and with hope of regaining it." + }, + { + "id": 12870, + "la": "Quamquam animus mihi quidem numquam defuit: tempora defuerunt, quae simul ac primum aliquid lucis ostendere visa sunt, princeps vestrae libertatis defendendae fui", + "en": "True, my courage has never failed me; it was the times that failed. As soon as they seemed to show a glimmer of light, I took the lead in defending your freedom." + }, + { + "id": 12871, + "la": "Quod si id ante facere conatus essem, nunc facere non possem", + "en": "Had I attempted to do this earlier, I would not be able to do it now." + }, + { + "id": 12872, + "la": "Hodierno enim die, Quirites, ne mediocrem rem actam arbitremini, fundamenta iacta sunt reliquarum actionum", + "en": "For today, Men of Rome, in case you think we have been transacting some business of minor importance, the groundwork has been laid for future operations." + }, + { + "id": 12873, + "la": "Nam est hostis a senatu nondum verbo appellatus, sed re iam iudicatus Antonius", + "en": "For Antonius has been pronounced a public enemy by the senate'in actuality, though not yet in words." + }, + { + "id": 12874, + "la": "Nunc vero multo sum erectior quod vos quoque illum hostem esse tanto consensu tantoque clamore approbavistis", + "en": "Now it much emboldens me, this loud and unanimous 2agreement from you that he is a public enemy." + }, + { + "id": 12875, + "la": "Neque enim, Quirites, fieri potest ut non aut ei sint impii qui contra consulem exercitus comparaverunt aut ille hostis contra quem iure arma sumpta sunt", + "en": "And after all, Men of Rome, there is no way out of it: either those who have raised armies against a consul are traitors, or he against whom arms have rightfully been taken up is an enemy." + }, + { + "id": 12876, + "la": "Hanc igitur dubitationem, quamquam nulla erat, tamen ne qua posset esse senatus hodierno die sustulit", + "en": "This doubt, therefore, the senate has today eliminated'not that any doubt existed, but in case there could be any." + }, + { + "id": 12877, + "la": "C Caesar, qui rem publicam libertatemque vestram suo studio, consilio, patrimonio denique tutatus est et tutatur, maximis senatus laudibus ornatus est", + "en": "Gaius Caesar, who has protected and is protecting the Republic and your freedom with his zeal, judgment, even his patrimony, has been honored by the senates highest commendations." + }, + { + "id": 12878, + "la": "Laudo, laudo vos, Quirites, quod gratissimis animis prosequimini nomen clarissimi adulescentis vel pueri potius; sunt enim facta eius immortalitatis, nomen aetatis", + "en": "I commend, I commend you, Men of 3Rome, for saluting in heartfelt gratitude the name of an illustrious young man, or rather boy; for his deeds belong to immortality, the name is a matter of age.1" + }, + { + "id": 12879, + "la": "Multa memini, multa audivi, multa legi, Quirites: nihil ex omnium saeculorum memoria tale cognovi:", + "en": "I remember many things, Men of Rome, have been told of many, read of many: the like of this I have never met with in the history of all ages." + }, + { + "id": 12880, + "la": "qui cum servitute premeremur, in dies malum cresceret, praesidi nihil haberemus, capitalem et pestiferum a Brundisio M Antoni reditum timeremus,", + "en": "When we were under the yoke of slavery, with the evil gaining day by day and none to defend us, dreading the return of Marcus Antonius from Brundisium and the death and ruin it would bring," + }, + { + "id": 12881, + "la": "hoc insperatum omnibus consilium, incognitum certe ceperit, ut exercitum invictum ex paternis militibus conficeret Antonique furorem crudelissimis consiliis incitatum a pernicie rei publicae averteret", + "en": "Caesar took a decision which none of us hoped for and certainly none of us knew of in advance: to raise from his fathers soldiers an army which had never known defeat and turn Antonius fury and the cruel designs which inspired it, away from the destruction of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 12882, + "la": "[2] Quis est enim qui hoc non intellegat, nisi Caesar exercitum paravisset, non sine exitio nostro futurum Antoni reditum fuisse?", + "en": "[2] For who does not realize that if 4Caesar had not raised an army, Antonius return would have entailed our destruction?" + }, + { + "id": 12883, + "la": "Ita enim se recipiebat ardens odio vestri, cruentus sanguine civium Romanorum quos Suessae, quos Brundisi occiderat ut nihil nisi de pernicie populi Romani cogitaret", + "en": "He was coming back in a fever of hatred against you, stained with the blood of the Roman citizens he had killed in Suessa and Brundisium, his only thought being the ruin of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 12884, + "la": "Quod autem praesidium erat salutis libertatisque vestrae, si C Caesaris fortissimorum sui patris militum exercitus non fuisset?", + "en": "What was there to defend your lives and liberty, if it had not been for Gaius Caesars army composed of his fathers very brave soldiers?" + }, + { + "id": 12885, + "la": "Cuius de laudibus et honoribus, qui ei pro divinis et immortalibus meritis divini immortalesque debentur, mihi senatus adsensus paulo ante decrevit ut primo quoque tempore referretur", + "en": "The senate has just accepted my motion that a discussion be opened at the earliest possible time concerning the commendations and honors due to him, godlike and immortal to match his godlike and immortal services." + }, + { + "id": 12886, + "la": "Quo decreto quis non perspicit hostem esse Antonium iudicatum?", + "en": "Who fails to see that Antonius has been pronounced 5an enemy by this decree?" + }, + { + "id": 12887, + "la": "Quem enim possumus appellare eum contra quem qui exercitus ducunt, eis senatus arbitratur singularis exquirendos honores?", + "en": "What else can we call him, when the senate decides that exceptional honors must be devised for those who lead armies against him?" + }, + { + "id": 12888, + "la": "Quid? Legio Martia, quae mihi videtur divinitus ab eo deo traxisse nomen a quo populum Romanum generatum accepimus, non ipsa suis decretis prius quam senatus hostem iudicavit Antonium?", + "en": "And did not the Martian Legion, which derives its name providentially, so it seems to me, from the god whom tradition makes the progenitor of the Roman people, of its own accord and by its own decrees, in advance of the senate, pronounce Antonius a public enemy?" + }, + { + "id": 12889, + "la": "Nam si ille non hostis, hos qui consulem reliquerunt hostis necesse est iudicemus", + "en": "For if he is not an enemy, then we are bound to declare these soldiers, who abandoned a consul, to be enemies." + }, + { + "id": 12890, + "la": "Praeclare et loco, Quirites, reclamatione vestra factum pulcherrimum Martialium comprobavistis: qui se ad senatus auctoritatem, ad libertatem vestram, ad universam rem publicam contulerunt, hostem illum et latronem et parricidam patriae reliquerunt", + "en": "Very plainly and opportunely by your shout of protest, Men of Rome, have you approved the illustrious action of the Martians, who have taken the side of the senates authority, your liberty, and the whole Republic, abandoning an enemy, a bandit, a traitor to his native land." + }, + { + "id": 12891, + "la": "Nec solum id animose et fortiter sed considerate etiam sapienterque fecerunt: Albae constiterunt, in urbe opportuna, munita, propinqua, fortissimorum virorum, fidelissimorum civium atque optimorum", + "en": "This they did not only with high 6courage but also with circumspection and prudence: they stationed themselves in Alba, a city strategically placed, well fortified, close at hand, with a population of very courageous men, most loyal and excellent citizens." + }, + { + "id": 12892, + "la": "Huius [Martiae] legionis legio quarta imitata virtutem, duce L Egnatuleio, quem senatus merito paulo ante laudavit, C Caesaris exercitum persecuta est", + "en": "Imitating the valor of this legion, the Fourth Legion, under the command of Lucius Egnatuleius, whom the senate has deservedly commended just a little while ago, followed Gaius Caesars army." + }, + { + "id": 12893, + "la": "[3] Quae exspectas, M Antoni, iudicia graviora?", + "en": "[3] What harsher verdicts do you expect, Marcus Antonius?" + }, + { + "id": 12894, + "la": "Caesar fertur in caelum qui contra te exercitum comparavit;", + "en": "Caesar, who raised an army against you, is praised to the skies;" + }, + { + "id": 12895, + "la": "laudantur exquisitissimis verbis legiones quae te reliquerunt, quae a te arcessitae sunt, quae essent, si te consulem quam hostem maluisses, tuae:", + "en": "the legions which abandoned you, which were summoned by you, which would have been yours if you had preferred to be a consul instead of a public enemy, are commended in the choicest terms:" + }, + { + "id": 12896, + "la": "quarum legionum fortissimum verissimumque iudicium confirmat senatus, comprobat universus populus Romanus;", + "en": "the very brave and true judgment of the legions is confirmed by the senate and approved by the entire Roman people," + }, + { + "id": 12897, + "la": "nisi forte vos, Quirites, consulem, non hostem iudicatis Antonium", + "en": "unless you, Men of Rome, judge Marcus Antonius to be a consul, not a public enemy." + }, + { + "id": 12898, + "la": "Sic arbitrabar, Quirites, vos iudicare ut ostenditis", + "en": "Yes, Men of Rome, I 7thought your judgment was as you now declare it." + }, + { + "id": 12899, + "la": "Quid? Municipia, colonias, praefecturas num aliter iudicare censetis?", + "en": "Well, what of the municipalities, colonies, prefectures? Do you suppose they judge any differently?" + }, + { + "id": 12900, + "la": "Omnes mortales una mente consentiunt omnia arma eorum qui haec salva velint contra illam pestem esse capienda", + "en": "All living souls are united in the one conviction that all the weapons of those who wish the situation to be safe must be taken up against that scourge." + }, + { + "id": 12901, + "la": "Quid? D Bruti iudicium, Quirites, quod ex hodierno eius edicto perspicere potuistis, num cui tandem contemnendum videtur?", + "en": "And what of Decimus Brutus judgment, Men of Rome, which you could perceive from his dispatch published today? Do any of you really think it of no account?" + }, + { + "id": 12902, + "la": "Recte et vere negatis, Quirites!", + "en": "You say no, Men of Rome, and you are absolutely right!" + }, + { + "id": 12903, + "la": "Est enim quasi deorum immortalium beneficio et munere datum rei publicae Brutorum genus et nomen ad libertatem populi Romani vel constituendam vel recuperandam", + "en": "The family and name of the Bruti have been given to the Republic as though by the grace and bounty of the immortal gods whether for the establishment or for the recovery of the freedom of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 12904, + "la": "Quid igitur D Brutus de M Antonio iudicavit?", + "en": "So what was Decimus 8Brutus judgment on Marcus Antonius?" + }, + { + "id": 12905, + "la": "Excludit provincia; exercitu obsistit; Galliam totam hortatur ad bellum, ipsam sua sponte suoque iudicio excitatam", + "en": "He shuts him out of the province; he blocks his path with an army; he urges all Gaul to war, Gaul that is already aroused of her own accord and judgment." + }, + { + "id": 12906, + "la": "Si consul Antonius, Brutus hostis; si conservator rei publicae Brutus, hostis Antonius", + "en": "If Antonius is a consul, Brutus is an enemy; if Brutus is the savior of the Republic, Antonius is an enemy." + }, + { + "id": 12907, + "la": "Num igitur utrum horum sit dubitare possumus?", + "en": "Can we at all hesitate between these two propositions?" + }, + { + "id": 12908, + "la": "[4] Atque ut vos una mente unaque voce dubitare vos negatis, sic modo decrevit senatus, D Brutum optime de re publica mereri, cum senatus auctoritatem populique Romani libertatem imperiumque defenderet", + "en": "[4] With one mind and voice you deny that you can; and so the senate has decreed just now that Decimus Brutus deserves especially well of the Republic in defending the authority of the senate and the freedom and empire of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 12909, + "la": "A quo defenderet? Nempe ab hoste: quae est enim alia laudanda defensio?", + "en": "Defending from whom? From an enemy of course: what other defense calls for commendation?" + }, + { + "id": 12910, + "la": "Deinceps laudatur provincia Gallia meritoque ornatur verbis amplissimis ab senatu quod resistat Antonio", + "en": "Next the province of Gaul is commended and deservedly 9honored in the most ample terms by the senate because it is resisting Antonius." + }, + { + "id": 12911, + "la": "Quem si consulem illa provincia putaret neque eum reciperet, magno scelere se astringeret: omnes enim in consulis iure et imperio debent esse provinciae", + "en": "If that province considered him to be a consul and refused him admittance, it would be guilty of a major crime: for all provinces ought to be under the jurisdiction and authority of a consul." + }, + { + "id": 12912, + "la": "Negat hoc D Brutus imperator, consul designatus, natus rei publicae civis, negat Gallia, negat cuncta Italia, negat senatus, negatis vos", + "en": "Decimus Brutus, imperator and consul-elect, a citizen born for the Republic, denies it, Gaul denies it, all Italy denies it, the senate denies it, you deny it" + }, + { + "id": 12913, + "la": "Quis illum igitur consulem nisi latrones putant?", + "en": "So who but brigands think him a consul?" + }, + { + "id": 12914, + "la": "Quamquam ne ei quidem ipsi, quod loquuntur, id sentiunt nec ab iudicio omnium mortalium, quamvis impii nefariique sint, sicut sunt, dissentire possunt", + "en": "And even they do not believe what they say; and villainous traitors as they may be, as they in fact are, they cannot dissent from the judgment of all mankind." + }, + { + "id": 12915, + "la": "Sed spes rapiendi atque praedandi occaecat animos eorum quos non bonorum donatio, non agrorum adsignatio, non illa infinita hasta satiavit;", + "en": "But the hope of loot and plunder makes blind the minds of those who have not been satisfied by the gift of goods, the allocation of lands, the limitless auctioning.3" + }, + { + "id": 12916, + "la": "qui sibi urbem, qui bona et fortunas civium ad praedam proposuerunt;", + "en": "They have marked the city, the goods and fortunes of its citizens for plunder." + }, + { + "id": 12917, + "la": "qui, dum hic sit quod rapiant, quod auferant, nihil sibi defuturum arbitrantur;", + "en": "While there is something here for them to loot and rob, they reckon they will not go short of anything." + }, + { + "id": 12918, + "la": "quibus M Antonius'o di immortales, avertite et detestamini, quaeso, hoc omen!'urbem se divisurum esse promisit", + "en": "And Marcus Antonius'I call upon the immortal gods to avert and ward off this omen!'has promised to divide the city up among them." + }, + { + "id": 12919, + "la": "Ita vero, Quirites, ut precamini eveniat atque huius amentiae poena in ipsum familiamque eius recidat! Quod ita futurum esse confido", + "en": "May it so befall 10him, Men of Rome, as you pray, and may the retribution for this madness recoil upon himself and his family! I am confident it will be so." + }, + { + "id": 12920, + "la": "Iam enim non solum homines sed etiam deos immortalis ad rem publicam conservandam arbitror consensisse", + "en": "For it seems to me that now not only men but also the immortal gods have united to save the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 12921, + "la": "Sive enim prodigiis atque portentis di immortales nobis futura praedicunt, ita sunt aperte pronuntiata ut et illi poena et nobis libertas appropinquet;", + "en": "If the immortal gods predict the future for us by prodigies and portents, these have been set forth so openly that retribution is coming to him and liberty to us;" + }, + { + "id": 12922, + "la": "sive tantus consensus omnium sine impulsu deorum esse non potuit, quid est quod de voluntate caelestium dubitare possimus?", + "en": "or if such a universal consensus could not exist without an impulse from the gods, how can we doubt the will of the heavenly divinities?" + }, + { + "id": 12923, + "la": "[5] Reliquum est, Quirites, ut vos in ista sententia quam prae vobis fertis perseveretis", + "en": "[5] It only remains, Men of Rome, that you stand fast in 11the sentiments you proclaim." + }, + { + "id": 12924, + "la": "Faciam igitur ut imperatores instructa acie solent, quamquam paratissimos milites ad proeliandum vident, ut eos tamen adhortentur;", + "en": "So I shall do as generals are accustomed to do when the army is drawn up for battle: though they see that the soldiers are fully ready for the fray, they exhort them all the same;" + }, + { + "id": 12925, + "la": "sic ego vos ardentis et erectos ad libertatem recuperandam cohortabor", + "en": "in the same way, I shall urge you, eager and ready though you are, to recover freedom." + }, + { + "id": 12926, + "la": "Non est vobis, Quirites, cum eo hoste certamen cum quo aliqua pacis condicio esse possit", + "en": "Men of Rome, you are not fighting the kind of enemy with whom any terms of peace are possible." + }, + { + "id": 12927, + "la": "Neque enim ille servitutem vestram, ut antea, sed iam iratus sanguinem concupiscit", + "en": "For he does not, as formerly, desire to make slaves of you; he is angry now and thirsts for your blood." + }, + { + "id": 12928, + "la": "Nullus ei ludus videtur esse iucundior quam cruor, quam caedes, quam ante oculos trucidatio civium", + "en": "No sport appears more pleasing to him than gore, than carnage, than the slaughter of countrymen before his eyes." + }, + { + "id": 12929, + "la": "Non est vobis res, Quirites, cum scelerato homine ac nefario, sed cum immani taetraque belua quae, quoniam in foveam incidit, obruatur", + "en": "You are not dealing, Men of 12Rome, with a wicked villain but with a cruel, hideous monster, who must be overwhelmed inasmuch as he has fallen into a trap." + }, + { + "id": 12930, + "la": "Si enim illim emerserit, nullius supplici crudelitas erit recusanda", + "en": "For if he gets out of it, there is no torment however cruel that we shall not have to face." + }, + { + "id": 12931, + "la": "Sed tenetur, premitur, urgetur nunc eis copiis quas iam habemus, mox eis quas paucis diebus novi consules comparabunt", + "en": "But he is being held, he is being pushed and pressed, now with the forces we already have and soon with others that the new consuls will raise in a few days time." + }, + { + "id": 12932, + "la": "Incumbite in causam, Quirites, ut facitis", + "en": "Put your shoulders to the wheel, Men of Rome, as you are doing." + }, + { + "id": 12933, + "la": "Numquam maior consensus vester in ulla causa fuit; numquam tam vehementer cum senatu consociati fuistis", + "en": "You have never been more united in any cause, never so strongly linked with the senate." + }, + { + "id": 12934, + "la": "Nec mirum: agitur enim non qua condicione victuri, sed victurine simus an cum supplicio ignominiaque perituri", + "en": "Little wonder! It is not how we are going to live that is at stake, but whether we are to live or to perish in agony and shame." + }, + { + "id": 12935, + "la": "Quamquam mortem quidem natura omnibus proposuit, crudelitatem mortis et dedecus virtus propulsare solet, quae propria est Romani generis et seminis", + "en": "Though death is indeed ordained by nature for all, a cruel 13and dishonorable death is generally warded off by courage, and courage is the badge of the Roman race and breed." + }, + { + "id": 12936, + "la": "Hanc retinete, quaeso, Quirites, quam vobis tamquam hereditatem maiores vestri reliquerunt!", + "en": "Cling fast to it, I beg you, Men of Rome, as a heritage bequeathed to you by your ancestors!" + }, + { + "id": 12937, + "la": "Nam cum alia omnia falsa, incerta sint, caduca, mobilia, virtus est una altissimis defixa radicibus, quae numquam vi ulla labefactari potest, numquam demoveri loco", + "en": "While all else is false and doubtful, ephemeral and inconstant, only courage stands firmly fixed with its very deep roots, which no violence can ever shake or ever shift from its place." + }, + { + "id": 12938, + "la": "Hac [virtute] maiores vestri primum universam Italiam devicerunt, deinde Carthaginem exciderunt, Numantiam everterunt, potentissimos reges, bellicosissimas gentis in dicionem huius imperi redegerunt", + "en": "Thereby your ancestors conquered all Italy first, then razed Carthage, overthrew Numantia, brought the most powerful kings and the most warlike nations under the sway of this empire.4" + }, + { + "id": 12939, + "la": "[6] Ac maioribus quidem vestris, Quirites, cum eo hoste res erat qui haberet rem publicam, curiam, aerarium, consensum et concordiam civium, rationem aliquam, si ita res tulisset, pacis et foederis:", + "en": "[6] Your ancestors, Men of Rome, had to deal with the 14kind of enemy who possessed a state, a senate, a public treasury, a consensus of like-minded citizens, and a consideration for a treaty of peace, if events had developed that way:" + }, + { + "id": 12940, + "la": "hic vester hostis vestram rem publicam oppugnat, ipse habet nullam;", + "en": "this enemy of yours is attacking your state, but he himself has none;" + }, + { + "id": 12941, + "la": "senatum, id est orbis terrae consilium, delere gestit, ipse consilium publicum nullum habet;", + "en": "he is eager to destroy the senate, the council of the world, but he himself has no public council;" + }, + { + "id": 12942, + "la": "aerarium vestrum exhausit, suum non habet", + "en": "he has emptied your treasury, but has none of his own." + }, + { + "id": 12943, + "la": "Nam concordiam civium qui habere potest, nullam cum habet civitatem?", + "en": "As for a united citizenry, how can he have that when he has no community?" + }, + { + "id": 12944, + "la": "Pacis vero quae potest esse cum eo ratio in quo est incredibilis crudelitas, fides nulla?", + "en": "What basis for peace can there be with a person whose cruelty taxes belief and whose good faith is nonexistent?" + }, + { + "id": 12945, + "la": "Est igitur, Quirites, populo Romano, victori omnium gentium, omne certamen cum percussore, cum latrone, cum Spartaco", + "en": "So, Men of Rome, the whole conflict lies between 15the Roman people, the conqueror of all nations, and an assassin, a bandit, a Spartacus." + }, + { + "id": 12946, + "la": "Nam quod se similem esse Catilinae gloriari solet, scelere par est illi, industria inferior", + "en": "He likes to boast of his resemblance to Catilina, but though he is his equal in criminality, he is his inferior in energy." + }, + { + "id": 12947, + "la": "Ille cum exercitum nullum habuisset, repente conflavit: hic eum exercitum quem accepit amisit", + "en": "Catilina, when he lacked an army, suddenly threw one together: Antonius received an army and lost it." + }, + { + "id": 12948, + "la": "Ut igitur Catilinam diligentia mea, senatus auctoritate, vestro studio et virtute fregistis, sic Antoni nefarium latrocinium vestra cum senatu concordia tanta quanta numquam fuit, felicitate et virtute exercituum ducumque vestrorum brevi tempore oppressum audietis", + "en": "Just as by my exertions, by the senates authority, and by your zeal and courage you broke Catilina, even so you will soon be hearing that Antonius villainous band of robbers has been crushed through your enormous, unprecedented cooperation with the senate, as well as the good fortune and valor of the armies and generals." + }, + { + "id": 12949, + "la": "Equidem quantum cura, labore, vigiliis, auctoritate, consilio eniti atque efficere potero, nihil praetermittam quod ad libertatem vestram pertinere arbitrabor;", + "en": "For my part, whatever I can achieve and effect by 16means of care, toil, wakefulness, influence, and counsel, I shall neglect nothing that in my view concerns your freedom." + }, + { + "id": 12950, + "la": "neque enim id pro vestris amplissimis in me beneficiis sine scelere facere possum", + "en": "I should be a criminal if I did, after the signal favors you have lavished upon me." + }, + { + "id": 12951, + "la": "Hodierno autem die primum referente viro fortissimo vobisque amicissimo, hoc M Servilio, collegisque eius, ornatissimis viris, optimis civibus, longo intervallo me auctore et principe ad spem libertatis exarsimus", + "en": "And today, at the initiative of Marcus Servilius5 here, a very courageous gentleman who loves you well, and his colleagues, distinguished men and most patriotic citizens, after a long interval, with me to prompt and lead, our hearts have been kindled to hope for liberty." + }, + { + "id": 12952, + "la": "[1] Nihil umquam longius his Kalendis Ianuariis mihi visum est, patres conscripti: quod idem intellegebam per hos dies uni cuique vestrum videri", + "en": "[1] Nothing has ever seemed to me longer in the coming, 1Members of the Senate, than this first of January, a view that I saw each one of you share during the past few days." + }, + { + "id": 12953, + "la": "Qui enim bellum cum re publica gerunt, hunc diem non exspectabant;", + "en": "Those who are making war upon the Republic were not waiting for this day;" + }, + { + "id": 12954, + "la": "nos autem, tum cum maxime consilio nostro subvenire communi saluti oporteret, in senatum non vocabamur", + "en": "while we, just when it was most incumbent on us to come to the aid of the common safety with our counsel, were not summoned to the senate." + }, + { + "id": 12955, + "la": "Sed querelam praeteritorum dierum sustulit oratio consulum, qui ita locuti sunt ut magis exoptatae Kalendae quam serae esse videantur", + "en": "But all complaint of days past has been set aside by the speech of the consuls, who have spoken in such a manner as to make the first day of the month seem eagerly awaited rather than too long delayed." + }, + { + "id": 12956, + "la": "Atque ut oratio consulum animum meum erexit spemque attulit non modo salutis conservandae verum etiam dignitatis pristinae recuperandae, sic me perturbasset eius sententia qui primus rogatus est, nisi vestrae virtuti constantiaeque confiderem", + "en": "Yet even as the speech of the consuls raised my spirits and gave me hope not only for preserving safety but also for recovering former dignity, the proposal of the gentleman first called1 would have perturbed me, if I did not have confidence in your courage and resolution." + }, + { + "id": 12957, + "la": "Hic enim dies vobis, patres conscripti, illuxit, haec potestas data est ut quantum virtutis, quantum constantiae, quantum gravitatis in huius ordinis consilio esset, populo Romano declarare possetis", + "en": "For the day has dawned, Members of 2the Senate, the opportunity has been offered to you to show the Roman people how much courage, constancy, and resolution lie in the deliberations of this body." + }, + { + "id": 12958, + "la": "Recordamini qui dies nudius tertius decimus fuerit, quantus consensus vestrum, quanta virtus, quanta constantia;", + "en": "Cast your minds back twelve days:2 what a day that was, what unity, what courage, what constancy you displayed!" + }, + { + "id": 12959, + "la": "quantam sitis a populo Romano laudem, quantam gloriam, quantam gratiam consecuti", + "en": "What praise, glory, and gratitude you won from the Roman people!" + }, + { + "id": 12960, + "la": "Atque illo die, patres conscripti, ea constituistis ut vobis iam nihil sit integrum nisi aut honesta pax aut bellum necessarium", + "en": "And your decisions on that day, Members of the Senate, mean that you now have no choice except an honorable peace or a necessary war." + }, + { + "id": 12961, + "la": "Pacem vult M Antonius? Arma deponat, roget, deprecetur", + "en": "Does Marcus Antonius want peace? Let him lay down 3his arms, make his petition, ask our pardon." + }, + { + "id": 12962, + "la": "Neminem aequiorem reperiet quam me, cui, dum se civibus impiis commendat, inimicus quam amicus esse maluit", + "en": "Nobody will give him a fairer hearing than I, though in recommending himself to treacherous citizens he has preferred my enmity to my friendship." + }, + { + "id": 12963, + "la": "Nihil est profecto quod possit dari bellum gerenti; erit fortasse aliquid quod concedi possit roganti", + "en": "Obviously no concessions are possible while he is making war; if he petitions us, perhaps there will be something we can concede." + }, + { + "id": 12964, + "la": "Legatos vero ad eum mittere de quo gravissimum et severissimum iudicium nudius tertius decimus feceritis, non iam levitatis est, sed, ut quod sentio dicam, dementiae", + "en": "But to send envoys to a man on whom twelve days ago you passed a judgment of the weightiest and sternest character is'not levity but, to speak my mind, stark lunacy." + }, + { + "id": 12965, + "la": "[2] Primum duces eos laudavistis qui contra illum bellum privato consilio suscepissent;", + "en": "[2] First you commended those commanders who had started a war against him on their private initiative," + }, + { + "id": 12966, + "la": "deinde milites veteranos qui, cum ab Antonio in colonias essent deducti, illius beneficio libertatem populi Romani anteposuerunt", + "en": "then the veteran soldiers who, after having been settled in colonies by Antonius, preferred the freedom of the Roman people to his benefaction." + }, + { + "id": 12967, + "la": "Quid, legio Martia? Quid, quarta? Cur laudantur?", + "en": "What of 4the Martian Legion and the Fourth? Why are they commended?" + }, + { + "id": 12968, + "la": "Si enim consulem suum reliquerunt, vituperandae sunt; si inimicum rei publicae, iure laudantur", + "en": "For if it was their consul whom they abandoned, they are blameworthy; if it was an enemy of the Republic, they are rightly commended." + }, + { + "id": 12969, + "la": "Atqui cum consules nondum haberetis, decrevistis ut et de praemiis militum et de honoribus imperatorum primo quoque tempore referretur", + "en": "But when you did not yet have any consuls,3 you passed a decree providing that discussion be opened at the first opportunity concerning both rewards for the soldiers and honors for their commanders." + }, + { + "id": 12970, + "la": "Placet eodem tempore praemia constituere eis qui contra Antonium arma ceperint et legatos ad Antonium mittere, ut iam pudendum sit honestiora decreta esse legionum quam senatus?", + "en": "Are you in favor of determining rewards for those who took up arms against Antonius and at the same time of sending envoys to Antonius? In that case we will have cause to be ashamed that the decrees of the legions are more honorable than those of the senate," + }, + { + "id": 12971, + "la": "Si quidem legiones decreverunt senatum defendere contra Antonium, senatus decernit legatos ad Antonium", + "en": "if actually the legions decreed to defend the senate against Antonius, while the senate decrees to send envoys to Antonius." + }, + { + "id": 12972, + "la": "Utrum hoc est confirmare militum animos an debilitare virtutem?", + "en": "Is that fortifying the soldiers morale or sapping their courage?" + }, + { + "id": 12973, + "la": "Hoc dies duodecim profecerunt ut, quem nemo praeter Cotylam inventus sit qui defenderet, is habeat iam patronos etiam consularis?", + "en": "Have 5twelve days passed to such effect that a man who found nobody to defend him except Cotyla now has even consulars as his patrons?" + }, + { + "id": 12974, + "la": "Qui utinam omnes ante me sententiam rogarentur'quamquam suspicor quid dicturi sint quidam eorum qui post me rogabuntur'; facilius contra dicerem si quid videretur", + "en": "I wish that all of them were asked for their views ahead of me'not that I do not have an inkling of what some of those who will be asked after me are going to say'; it would be easier to speak in opposition, if anything seemed appropriate." + }, + { + "id": 12975, + "la": "Est enim opinio decreturum aliquem M Antonio illam ultimam Galliam quam Plancus obtinet", + "en": "For there is a notion that somebody will propose for Marcus Antonius the assignment of that Outer Gaul, which is now being governed by Plancus." + }, + { + "id": 12976, + "la": "Quid est aliud omnia ad bellum civile hosti arma largiri, primum nervos belli, pecuniam infinitam, qua nunc eget, deinde equitatum quantum velit? Equitatum dico?", + "en": "That would simply be presenting the enemy with all the weapons required for civil war: first, the sinews of war, a limitless supply of money, of which he now stands in need; then, cavalry, all he wants. I say cavalry," + }, + { + "id": 12977, + "la": "Dubitabit, credo, gentis barbaras secum adducere", + "en": "but will he hesitate to bring up barbarous nations?" + }, + { + "id": 12978, + "la": "Hoc qui non videt, excors, qui cum videt decernit, impius ", + "en": "Anyone who does not see this is a fool; anyone who does and makes the proposal all the same is a traitor." + }, + { + "id": 12979, + "la": "Tu civem sceleratum et perditum Gallorum et Germanorum pecunia, peditatu, equitatu, copiis instrues?", + "en": "Are you going to furnish an abandoned 6criminal with Gallic and German money, infantry, cavalry, resources generally?" + }, + { + "id": 12980, + "la": "Nullae istae excusationes sunt: Meus amicus est. Sit patriae prius Meus cognatus.", + "en": "Those excuses of yours amount to nothing: He is my friend. Let him be a friend to his native land first. He is my relative." + }, + { + "id": 12981, + "la": "An potest cognatio propior ulla esse quam patriae, in qua parentes etiam continentur? Mihi pecuniam tribuit.", + "en": "Can any relationship be closer than that to your native land, in which parents also are comprised? He has given me money." + }, + { + "id": 12982, + "la": "Cupio videre qui id audeat dicere", + "en": "I am eager to see who has the boldness to say that." + }, + { + "id": 12983, + "la": "Quid autem agatur cum aperuero, facile erit statuere quam sententiam dicatis aut quam sequamini", + "en": "Moreover, when I make plain what is at issue, it will be easy then for you to decide what proposal to put forward or what to support." + }, + { + "id": 12984, + "la": "[3] Agitur utrum M Antonio facultas detur opprimendae rei publicae, caedis faciendae bonorum, urbis dividendae, agrorum suis latronibus condonandi, populi Romani servitute opprimendi, an horum ei facere nihil liceat", + "en": "[3] The issue is whether Marcus Antonius is to be given the means of crushing the Republic, massacring decent men, parceling out the city, bestowing lands on his fellow robbers, enslaving the Roman people, or whether none of this is to be placed within his power." + }, + { + "id": 12985, + "la": "Dubitate quid agatis! At non cadunt haec in Antonium.", + "en": "Express your uncertainty over what you are to do! But all this does not apply to Antonius." + }, + { + "id": 12986, + "la": "Hoc ne Cotyla quidem dicere auderet", + "en": "Not even Cotyla would dare 7to say that." + }, + { + "id": 12987, + "la": "Quid enim in eum non cadit qui, cuius acta se defendere dicit, eius eas leges pervertit quas maxime laudare poteramus?", + "en": "For what does not apply to a man who subverts the laws of the very person whose acts he claims to be defending, those laws that we could most approve of?" + }, + { + "id": 12988, + "la": "Ille paludes siccare voluit: hic omnem Italiam moderato homini, L Antonio, dividendam dedit", + "en": "Caesar wanted to drain marshes: Antonius gave all Italy over to that man of moderation, Lucius Antonius, to be parceled out." + }, + { + "id": 12989, + "la": "Quid? Hanc legem populus Romanus accepit?", + "en": "Did the Roman people accept this law?" + }, + { + "id": 12990, + "la": "Quid? Per auspicia ferri potuit? Sed augur verecundus sine collegis de auspiciis", + "en": "Could it be carried according to the auspices? But this augur is diffident concerning auspices without his colleagues." + }, + { + "id": 12991, + "la": "Quamquam illa auspicia non egent interpretatione augurum: Iove enim tonante cum populo agi non esse fas quis ignorat?", + "en": "Not that those auspices have any need for augurs to interpret them. Who does not know that it is contrary to the dictates of religion to transact business with the people when Jupiter thunders?" + }, + { + "id": 12992, + "la": "Tribuni plebis tulerunt de provinciis contra acta C Caesaris: ille biennium, hi sexennium", + "en": "The tribunes of the plebs proposed a law concerning provinces which ran contrary to the acts of Gaius Caesar: he fixed a two-year term, they a six-year." + }, + { + "id": 12993, + "la": "Etiam hanc legem populus Romanus accepit? Quid? Promulgata fuit? Quid?", + "en": "Did the Roman people accept this law too? Was it promulgated?" + }, + { + "id": 12994, + "la": "Non ante lata quam scripta est? Quid?", + "en": "And was it not carried before it was drafted?" + }, + { + "id": 12995, + "la": "Non ante factum vidimus quam futurum quisquam est suspicatus?", + "en": "Again, did we not see an accomplished fact before anyone suspected it was coming?" + }, + { + "id": 12996, + "la": "Ubi lex Caecilia et Didia, ubi promulgatio trinum nundinum, ubi poena recenti lege Iunia et Licinia?", + "en": "What has become of the Caecilian and Didian Law, of the 8three-market-day promulgation, of the penalty under the recent Junian and Licinian Law?" + }, + { + "id": 12997, + "la": "Possuntne hae leges esse ratae sine interitu legum reliquarum?", + "en": "Can these laws7 be valid without the dissolution of all the other laws?" + }, + { + "id": 12998, + "la": "Eccui potestas in forum insinuandi fuit?", + "en": "Was anyone given a chance to slip into the Forum?" + }, + { + "id": 12999, + "la": "Quae porro illa tonitrua, quae tempestas!", + "en": "And the thunder, the storm!" + }, + { + "id": 13000, + "la": "Ut, si auspicia M Antonium non moverent sustinere tamen eum ac ferre posse tantam vim tempestatis, imbris, [ac] turbinum mirum videretur", + "en": "If the auspices had no effect on Marcus Antonius, it still seemed astonishing that he could manage to endure and bear such a fury of tempest, rain, and whirlwinds." + }, + { + "id": 13001, + "la": "Quam legem igitur se augur dicit tulisse non modo tonante Iove sed prope caelesti clamore prohibente, hanc dubitabit contra auspicia latam confiteri?", + "en": "So will he hesitate to admit that a law that he, an augur, says he carried not only while Jupiter was thundering but almost with the heavens clamoring to forbid it, was carried in violation of the auspices?" + }, + { + "id": 13002, + "la": "Quid? Quod cum eo collega tulit quem ipse fecit sua nuntiatione vitiosum, nihilne ad auspicia bonus augur pertinere arbitratus est?", + "en": "Add the fact that he 9carried it jointly with a colleague whose status he caused to be flawed by his own announcement:8 did the adept augur not think that relevant to the auspices?" + }, + { + "id": 13003, + "la": "[4] Sed auspiciorum nos fortasse erimus interpretes qui sumus eius collegae: num ergo etiam armorum interpretes quaerimus?", + "en": "[4] However, perhaps we who are his colleagues will interpret the auspices: do we require interpreters for the weapons too?" + }, + { + "id": 13004, + "la": "Primum omnes fori aditus ita saepti ut, etiam si nemo obstaret armatus, tamen nisi saeptis revulsis introiri in forum nullo modo posset;", + "en": "Firstly, all approaches to the Forum were barricaded, so that even if no armed guard blocked entry, it was in no way possible to get into the Forum without tearing down the barricades." + }, + { + "id": 13005, + "la": "sic vero erant disposita praesidia ut quo modo hostium aditus urbe prohibentur castellis et operibus, ita ab ingressione fori populum tribunosque plebis propulsari videres", + "en": "But furthermore, guards were posted, and the people and the tribunes of the plebs might be seen being thrust back from the entrances to the Forum, just as an approaching enemy is denied access to a town by outposts and fortifications." + }, + { + "id": 13006, + "la": "Quibus de causis eas leges quas M Antonius tulisse dicitur omnis censeo per vim et contra auspicia latas eisque legibus populum non teneri", + "en": "For these reasons it is my judgment that the laws 10which Marcus Antonius is said to have carried were all carried by violence and in contravention of the auspices, and that the people are not bound by those laws." + }, + { + "id": 13007, + "la": "Si quam legem de actis Caesaris confirmandis deve dictatura in perpetuum tollenda deve coloniis in agros deducendis tulisse M Antonius dicitur, easdem leges de integro ut populum teneant salvis auspiciis ferri placet", + "en": "If Marcus Antonius is said to have carried a law confirming Caesars acts or abolishing the dictatorship in perpetuity or founding colonies on lands,9 I think it proper that the same laws be carried afresh with due observance of auspices so that they may bind the people." + }, + { + "id": 13008, + "la": "Quamvis enim res bonas vitiose per vimque tulerit, tamen eae leges non sunt habendae, omnisque audacia gladiatoris amentis auctoritate nostra repudianda est", + "en": "For however good in themselves may be the measures he carried improperly and by violence, they are still not to be considered laws. And the crazy gladiators insolence is to be repudiated in its entirety by our authority." + }, + { + "id": 13009, + "la": "Illa vero dissipatio pecuniae publicae ferenda nullo modo est per quam sestertium septiens miliens falsis perscriptionibus donationibusque avertit, ut portenti simile videatur tantam pecuniam populi Romani tam brevi tempore perire potuisse", + "en": "Then there is this totally intolerable squandering of 11public money through which he has embezzled seven hundred million sesterces10 in forged assignments and donations. It seems contrary to nature that so vast a sum belonging to the Roman people could have vanished in so short a time." + }, + { + "id": 13010, + "la": "Quid? Illi immanes quaestus ferendine quos M Antoni tota exhausit domus?", + "en": "Well, can we tolerate the monstrous profits that M. Antonius house as a whole has absorbed?" + }, + { + "id": 13011, + "la": "Decreta falsa vendebat, regna, civitates, immunitates in aes accepta pecunia iubebat incidi", + "en": "He sold false decrees, caused kingdoms, grants of citizenship, exemptions from taxation to be inscribed on bronze tablets in return for bribes." + }, + { + "id": 13012, + "la": "Haec se ex commentariis C Caesaris, quorum ipse auctor erat, agere dicebat", + "en": "These things he claimed to do in execution of Gaius Caesars memoranda, which were vouched for by himself." + }, + { + "id": 13013, + "la": "Calebant in interiore aedium parte totius rei publicae nundinae;", + "en": "A roaring trade involving the whole Republic was carried on in the inner part of the dwelling;" + }, + { + "id": 13014, + "la": "mulier sibi felicior quam viris auctionem provinciarum regnorumque faciebat;", + "en": "a woman who has brought more luck to herself than to her husbands11 put up provinces and kingdoms for auction;" + }, + { + "id": 13015, + "la": "restituebantur exsules quasi lege sine lege;", + "en": "exiles were restored illegally under the pretense of law." + }, + { + "id": 13016, + "la": "quae nisi auctoritate senatus rescinduntur, quoniam ingressi in spem rei publicae recuperandae sumus, imago nulla liberae civitatis relinquetur", + "en": "If these proceedings are not rescinded by authority of the senate, since we are now in hopes of reestablishing the Republic, no semblance of a free community will be left." + }, + { + "id": 13017, + "la": "Neque solum commentariis commenticiis chirographisque venalibus innumerabilis pecunia congesta in illam domum est, cum, quae vendebat Antonius, ea se ex actis Caesaris agere diceret, sed senatus etiam consulta pecunia accepta falsa referebat, syngraphae obsignabantur, senatus consulta numquam facta ad aerarium deferebantur", + "en": "And 12besides the money piled up beyond counting in that house from forged memoranda and handwritten notes put up for sale'Antonius all the while claiming these transactions to be in execution of Caesars acts'he even used to place on record false senatorial decrees in return for bribes; bonds were sealed; senatorial decrees which the senate never made were deposited in the treasury." + }, + { + "id": 13018, + "la": "Huius turpitudinis testes erant etiam exterae nationes", + "en": "Even foreign nations were witnesses of this scandal." + }, + { + "id": 13019, + "la": "Foedera interea facta, regna data, populi provinciaeque liberatae, illarumque rerum falsae tabulae gemente populo Romano toto Capitolio figebantur", + "en": "Meanwhile, treaties were made, kingdoms granted, freedom conferred on peoples and provinces, and lying notices of those proceedings were posted up all over the Capitol amid the groans of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 13020, + "la": "Quibus rebus tanta pecunia una in domo coacervata est ut, si hoc genus pene in unum redigatur, non sit pecunia rei publicae defutura", + "en": "So much money from these activities was heaped up in a single house that, if this sort of profit were to be collected at the treasury, the Republic would not be short of funds in days to come." + }, + { + "id": 13021, + "la": "[5] Legem etiam iudiciariam tulit, homo castus atque integer, iudiciorum et iuris auctor", + "en": "[5] He also carried a judiciary law, this blameless and upright character, a supporter of law and law courts." + }, + { + "id": 13022, + "la": "In quo nos fefellit: antesignanos et manipularis et Alaudas iudices se constituisse dicebat; at ille legit aleatores, legit exsules, legit Graecos", + "en": "But he took us in: he used to say that he had made jurors of elite fighters, privates, and the Larks; in fact he chose gamblers, exiles, and Greeks." + }, + { + "id": 13023, + "la": "O consessum iudicum praeclarum!", + "en": "A fine assemblage of jurors!" + }, + { + "id": 13024, + "la": "O dignitatem consili admirandam!", + "en": "A wonderfully dignified court!" + }, + { + "id": 13025, + "la": "Avet animus apud consilium illud pro reo dicere, Cydam Cretensem, portentum insulae, hominem audacissimum et perditissimum", + "en": "I cannot wait to speak for the defense 13before that tribunal. There is Cydas of Crete, the island monster,13 a most unscrupulous and desperate character." + }, + { + "id": 13026, + "la": "Sed facite non esse: num Latine scit?", + "en": "But suppose he isnt that: does he know Latin?" + }, + { + "id": 13027, + "la": "Num est ex iudicum genere et forma?", + "en": "Is he of the type and cut for a juror?" + }, + { + "id": 13028, + "la": "Num, quod maximum est, leges nostras moresve novit? Num denique homines?", + "en": "Most important, does he know our laws and customs? In a word, does he know our folk?" + }, + { + "id": 13029, + "la": "Est enim Creta vobis notior quam Roma Cydae", + "en": "For Crete is better known to you than Rome is to Cydas." + }, + { + "id": 13030, + "la": "Dilectus autem et notatio iudicum etiam in nostris civibus haberi solet: Gortynium vero iudicem quis novit aut quis nosse potuit?", + "en": "Even among our own countrymen it is customary for there to be exercised a selection and choice of jurymen; but who knows or could know a juryman from Gortyn?" + }, + { + "id": 13031, + "la": "Nam Lysiaden Atheniensem plerique novimus; est enim Phaedri, philosophi nobilis, filius; homo praeterea festivus, ut ei cum Curio consessore eodemque collusore facillime possit convenire", + "en": "As for Lysiades of Athens, most of us know him; for he is the son of the eminent philosopher Phaedrus. Besides he is a cheerful person, who will have no difficulty in getting along with his fellow juror and also fellow gambler, Curius." + }, + { + "id": 13032, + "la": "Quaero igitur, si Lysiades citatus iudex non responderit excuseturque Areopagites esse nec debere eodem tempore Romae et Athenis res iudicare, accipietne excusationem is qui quaestioni praeerit Graeculi iudicis, modo palliati, modo togati?", + "en": "So I put this question: suppose Lysiades does not respond 14to a summons for jury service and pleads as an excuse that he is a member of the Areopagus and cannot properly try cases in Rome and Athens at the same time, will the president of the court accept the excuse of a little Greek juryman, who wears Greek garb one day and the garb of a Roman citizen the next?" + }, + { + "id": 13033, + "la": "An Atheniensium antiquissimas leges negleget?", + "en": "Or will he take no account of the immemorially ancient laws of Athens?" + }, + { + "id": 13034, + "la": "Qui porro ille consessus, di boni! Cretensis iudex isque nequissimus", + "en": "And what an assemblage, good gods! A Cretan juror and a complete rogue at that!" + }, + { + "id": 13035, + "la": "Quem ad hunc reus adleget, quo modo accedat? Dura natio est", + "en": "Whom is a defendant to send to him as an intermediary, how is he to approach him? They are a hard people." + }, + { + "id": 13036, + "la": "At Athenienses misericordes", + "en": "Well, but Athenians are merciful;" + }, + { + "id": 13037, + "la": "Puto ne Curium quidem esse crudelem, qui periculum fortunae cotidie facit", + "en": "and I dont suppose even Curius, who tries his luck every day, is a cruel man." + }, + { + "id": 13038, + "la": "Sunt item lecti iudices qui fortasse excusabuntur; habent enim legitimam excusationem, exsili causa solum vertisse nec esse postea restitutos", + "en": "There are likewise select jurors who perhaps will be excused: they have a legitimate excuse, that they have changed their country of residence by reason of banishment and have not subsequently been reinstated." + }, + { + "id": 13039, + "la": "Hos ille demens iudices legisset, horum nomina ad aerarium detulisset, his magnam partem rei publicae credidisset, si ullam speciem rei publicae cogitavisset?", + "en": "Would that madman have 15selected jurors such as these, given their names in to the treasury, entrusted them with an important component of our Republic, if he had considered any semblance of the Republic?" + }, + { + "id": 13040, + "la": "[6] Atque ego de notis iudicibus dixi; quos minus nostis nolui nominare: saltatores, citharistas, totum denique comissationis Antonianae chorum in tertiam decuriam iudicum scitote esse coniectum", + "en": "[6] And I have been speaking of jurors who are known to you. I did not want to name persons whom you know less well, but take it from me that dancers, harpists, the whole Antonian troupe of carousers have been flung into the third panel of jurors." + }, + { + "id": 13041, + "la": "Em causam cur lex tam egregia tamque praeclara maximo imbri, tempestate, ventis, procellis, turbinibus, inter fulmina et tonitrua ferretur, ut eos iudices haberemus quos hospites habere nemo velit", + "en": "Here we have the reason why so excellent, so admirable a law was put through in violent rain, tempest, winds, gales, whirlwinds, amid lightning and thunder: it was to give us jurors whom nobody would want as guests." + }, + { + "id": 13042, + "la": "Scelerum magnitudo, conscientia maleficiorum, direptio eius pecuniae cuius ratio in aede Opis confecta est hanc tertiam decuriam excogitavit", + "en": "Crimes on a large scale, consciousness of wrongdoings, the plunder of the money the account of which was kept in the Temple of Ops have come up with this third panel." + }, + { + "id": 13043, + "la": "Nec ante turpes iudices quaesiti quam honestis iudicibus nocentium salus desperata est", + "en": "Disreputable jurors were sought out only when the guilty despaired of survival with respectable ones." + }, + { + "id": 13044, + "la": "Sed illud os, illam impuritatem caeni fuisse ut hos iudices legere auderet quorum lectione duplex imprimeretur rei publicae dedecus: unum, quod tam turpes iudices essent; alterum, quod patefactum cognitumque esset quam multos in civitate turpis haberemus!", + "en": "But to think that such was his impudence, such his 16utter loathsome filthiness that he dared to select these jurors, by whose selection a double disgrace was stamped upon the Republic, first because the jurors were such scoundrels and, second, because it thus stood revealed and ascertained how many scoundrels we had in our community!" + }, + { + "id": 13045, + "la": "Hanc ergo et reliquas eius modi leges, etiam si sine vi salvis auspiciis essent rogatae, censerem tamen abrogandas: nunc vero cur abrogandas censeam, quas iudico non rogatas?", + "en": "Therefore, even if this law and all the others of a like character had been passed without violence and with due observance of auspices, I would still hold that they ought to be repealed. As it is, however, why should I ask for the repeal of laws which in my judgment were never passed?" + }, + { + "id": 13046, + "la": "An illa non gravissimis ignominiis monumentisque huius ordinis ad posteritatis memoriam sunt notanda, quod unus M Antonius in hac urbe post conditam urbem palam secum habuerit armatos?", + "en": "And is not this something to be censured by this body in 17the most severe and scathing terms as a record for posterity to remember? Marcus Antonius is the only man since the foundation of the city who has publicly kept armed men at his side in this city!" + }, + { + "id": 13047, + "la": "Quod neque reges nostri fecerunt neque ei qui regibus exactis regnum occupare voluerunt", + "en": "Our kings did not do this, neither did those who after the expulsion of the kings have tried to usurp the kingship." + }, + { + "id": 13048, + "la": "Cinnam memini, vidi Sullam, modo Caesarem: hi enim tres post civitatem a L Bruto liberatam plus potuerunt quam universa res publica", + "en": "I remember Cinna, I saw Sulla, recently Caesar, the three who since Lucius Brutus liberated the community have possessed more power than the entire Republic." + }, + { + "id": 13049, + "la": "Non possum adfirmare nullis telis eos stipatos fuisse; hoc dico: nec multis et occultis", + "en": "I cannot say that no weapons surrounded them, but this I do say: there were not many, and they were hidden." + }, + { + "id": 13050, + "la": "At hanc pestem agmen armatorum sequebatur; Crassicius, Mustela, Tiro, gladios ostentantes, sui similis greges ducebant per forum; certum agminis locum tenebant barbari sagittarii", + "en": "But this noxious creature was attended by 18an armed column. Crassicius, Mustela, Tiro, brandishing their swords, used to lead squads of fellows like themselves through the Forum. Barbarian archers had their assured place in the column." + }, + { + "id": 13051, + "la": "Cum autem erat ventum ad aedem Concordiae, gradus complebantur, lecticae collocabantur, non quo ille scuta occulta esse vellet, sed ne familiares, si scuta ipsi ferrent, laborarent", + "en": "When they reached the Temple of Concord, the steps would be filled up, the litters set down'not that he wanted the shields kept out of sight, but to spare his friends the trouble of carrying them." + }, + { + "id": 13052, + "la": "[7] Illud vero taeterrimum non modo aspectu sed etiam auditu, in cella Concordiae collocari armatos, latrones, sicarios; de templo carcerem fieri; opertis valvis Concordiae, cum inter subsellia senatus versarentur latrones, patres conscriptos sententias dicere", + "en": "[7] Most horrible of all, even to tell of, let alone to see, armed men, bandits, cutthroats, were stationed in the sanctuary of Concord. The temple was turned into a jail. The doors of Concord were closed, and members of the senate gave their opinions with bandits moving among the senatorial benches." + }, + { + "id": 13053, + "la": "Huc nisi venirem [etiam] Kalendis Septembribus, fabros se missurum et domum meam disturbaturum esse dixit", + "en": "If I did not come here on the first of September he said 19he would send workmen to wreck my house." + }, + { + "id": 13054, + "la": "Magna res, credo, agebatur: de supplicatione referebat", + "en": "The business in hand was of great importance, no doubt: he had a public thanksgiving discussed." + }, + { + "id": 13055, + "la": "Veni postridie: ipse non venit", + "en": "I came the day following: he himself did not attend." + }, + { + "id": 13056, + "la": "Locutus sum de re publica, minus equidem libere quam mea consuetudo, liberius tamen quam periculi minae postulabant", + "en": "I spoke on the Republic with some freedom14'my custom called for more, the threats of danger for less." + }, + { + "id": 13057, + "la": "At ille homo vehemens et violentus, qui hanc consuetudinem libere dicendi excluderet'fecerat enim hoc idem maxima cum laude L Piso triginta diebus ante'inimicitias mihi denuntiavit; adesse in senatum iussit a.d XIII Kalendas Octobris", + "en": "Then this man of vehemence and violence, wishing to ban this habit of free speech'for Lucius Piso had done the same with the utmost credit thirty days previously15', declared himself my enemy; he demanded my presence in the senate on the nineteenth of September." + }, + { + "id": 13058, + "la": "Ipse interea septemdecim dies de me in Tiburtino Scipionis declamitavit, sitim quaerens; haec enim ei causa esse declamandi solet", + "en": "Meanwhile he spent seventeen days declaiming about me on Scipios estate at Tibur, working up a thirst'his usual reason for declaiming." + }, + { + "id": 13059, + "la": "Cum is dies quo me adesse iusserat venisset, tum vero agmine quadrato in aedem Concordiae venit atque in me absentem orationem ex ore impurissimo evomuit", + "en": "When the day on which he had 20commanded my presence arrived, he entered the Temple of Concord with his bodyguard in proper battle array and vomited from his utterly foul mouth a speech against me in my absence.16" + }, + { + "id": 13060, + "la": "Quo die, si per amicos mihi cupienti in senatum venire licuisset, caedis initium fecisset a me; sic enim statuerat; cum autem semel gladium scelere imbuisset, nulla res ei finem caedendi nisi defetigatio et satietas attulisset", + "en": "If my friends had permitted me to come to the senate that day as I wanted to do, he would have launched a massacre beginning with me; so he had determined. And when once he had dipped his blade in crime, nothing but weariness and satiety would have made him stop the slaughter." + }, + { + "id": 13061, + "la": "Etenim aderat Lucius frater, gladiator Asiaticus, qui myrmillo Mylasis depugnarat: sanguinem nostrum sitiebat, suum in illa gladiatoria pugna multum profuderat", + "en": "For his brother Lucius was with him, the Asiatic gladiator, who once fought in single combat as a myrmillo at Mylasa:17 he was thirsting for our blood, having shed a good deal of his own in that gladiatorial combat." + }, + { + "id": 13062, + "la": "Hic pecunias vestras aestimabat; possessiones notabat et urbanas et rusticas; huius mendicitas aviditate coniuncta in fortunas nostras imminebat; dividebat agros quibus et quos volebat; nullus aditus erat privato, nulla aequitatis deprecatio", + "en": "There he was, estimating your money, recording your properties both in town and in the country, his poverty joined with his greed threatening our possessions. He was assigning lands, whichever he pleased and to whom he pleased. There was no access for any individual, no appeal on grounds of equity." + }, + { + "id": 13063, + "la": "Tantum quisque habebat possessor quantum reliquerat divisor Antonius", + "en": "Every landowner possessed just so much as allocator Antonius had left him." + }, + { + "id": 13064, + "la": "Quae quamquam, si leges irritas feceritis, rata esse non possunt, tamen separatim suo nomine notanda censeo, iudicandumque nullos septemviros fuisse, nihil placere ratum esse quod ab eis actum diceretur", + "en": "Even though 21these proceedings cannot be valid if you have invalidated the laws, all the same, they should, in my judgment, be separately and specifically branded; there should be a ruling that the Board of Seven had no legal existence and that it is the senates pleasure that no alleged action of that board be valid." + }, + { + "id": 13065, + "la": "[8] M vero Antonium quis est qui civem possit iudicare potius quam taeterrimum et crudelissimum hostem, qui pro aede Castoris sedens audiente populo Romano dixerit nisi victorem victurum neminem?", + "en": "[8] As for Marcus Antonius, who can consider him as a citizen and not as a most dire and savage public enemy? Sitting in front of the Temple of Castor, in the hearing of the Roman people, he said that only victors would be left alive." + }, + { + "id": 13066, + "la": "Num putatis, patres conscripti, dixisse eum minacius quam facturum fuisse?", + "en": "Do you suppose, Members of the Senate, that he spoke more menacingly than he would have acted?" + }, + { + "id": 13067, + "la": "Quid vero quod in contione dicere ausus est, se, cum magistratu abisset, ad urbem futurum cum exercitu, introiturum quotienscumque vellet?", + "en": "And when he dared to say at a public meeting that after leaving office he would stay near the city with an army and enter as often as he pleased,19" + }, + { + "id": 13068, + "la": "Quid erat aliud nisi denuntiare populo Romano servitutem?", + "en": "what was that but pronouncing slavery upon the Roman people?" + }, + { + "id": 13069, + "la": "Quod autem eius iter Brundisium, quae festinatio, quae spes, nisi ad urbem vel in urbem potius exercitum maximum adduceret?", + "en": "And what about his journey 22to Brundisium: why the hurry, what did he have in view if he was not bringing up a great army close to the city or rather into the city?" + }, + { + "id": 13070, + "la": "Qui autem dilectus centurionum, quae effrenatio impotentis animi!", + "en": "And the singling out of centurions, what an ungovernable outburst of fury!20" + }, + { + "id": 13071, + "la": "Cum eius promissis legiones fortissimae reclamassent, domum ad se venire iussit centuriones quos bene sentire de re publica cognoverat eosque ante pedes suos uxorisque suae, quam secum gravis imperator ad exercitum duxerat, iugulari coegit", + "en": "When the very brave legions shouted their rejection of his promises, he ordered those centurions whom he had ascertained to be loyal to the Republic to come to his house and had them slaughtered at his feet and those of his wife, whom this solemn general had brought with him to the army." + }, + { + "id": 13072, + "la": "Quo animo hunc futurum fuisse censetis in nos quos oderat, cum in eos quos numquam viderat tam crudelis fuisset, et quam avidum in pecuniis locupletium qui pauperum sanguinem concupisset?", + "en": "What do you think his feelings would have been towards us whom he hated, when he had treated persons whom he had never seen with such cruelty? How greedily would he have dealt with the fortunes of the wealthy, when he had been so eager for poor mens blood?" + }, + { + "id": 13073, + "la": "Quorum ipsorum bona, quantacumque erant, statim suis comitibus compotoribusque discripsit", + "en": "And these same mens belongings, such as they were, he distributed on the spot among his comrades and drinking companions." + }, + { + "id": 13074, + "la": "Atque ille furens infesta iam patriae signa a Brundisio inferebat, cum C Caesar deorum immortalium beneficio, divina animi, ingeni, consili magnitudine, quamquam sua sponte eximiaque virtute, tamen approbatione auctoritatis meae colonias patrias adiit, veteranos milites convocavit, paucis diebus exercitum fecit, incitatos latronum impetus retardavit", + "en": "And now in his 23rage he was bringing hostile standards from Brundisium against his native land, when Gaius Caesar intervened: by grace of the immortal gods and by godlike greatness of heart, mind, and judgment, of his own volition and noble impulse though not without the approval of my authority, he visited his fathers colonies, called the veteran soldiers together, created an army in a matter of days, and put a brake on the rapid rush of the bandits." + }, + { + "id": 13075, + "la": "Postea vero quam legio Martia ducem praestantissimum vidit, nihil egit aliud nisi ut aliquando liberi essemus; quam est imitata quarta legio", + "en": "When the Martian Legion saw this peerless leader, it became their only purpose that we should at last be free; the Fourth Legion followed this example." + }, + { + "id": 13076, + "la": "[9] Quo ille nuntio audito cum senatum vocasset adhibuissetque consularem qui sua sententia C Caesarem hostem iudicaret, repente concidit", + "en": "[9] On receipt of this news,21 after he had previously summoned the senate and brought along a consular who was to propose a motion that Gaius Caesar be judged a public enemy, he suddenly collapsed." + }, + { + "id": 13077, + "la": "Post autem neque sacrificiis sollemnibus factis neque votis nuncupatis non profectus est, sed profugit paludatus", + "en": "Afterwards, 24without making the customary sacrifices or taking vows, he did not set out but rather ran away in his generals cloak." + }, + { + "id": 13078, + "la": "At quo? In provinciam firmissimorum et fortissimorum civium qui illum, ne si ita quidem venisset ut nullum bellum inferret, ferre potuissent, impotentem, iracundum, contumeliosum, superbum, semper poscentem, semper rapientem, semper ebrium", + "en": "Where did he run? Into a province of very loyal and very brave citizens, who, even if he had come without any warlike intent, could not have put up with him: immoderate, irascible, abusive, arrogant, always demanding, always grabbing, always drunk." + }, + { + "id": 13079, + "la": "At ille cuius ne pacatam quidem nequitiam quisquam ferre posset bellum intulit provinciae Galliae: circumsedet Mutinam, firmissimam et splendidissimam populi Romani coloniam; oppugnat D Brutum, imperatorem, consulem designatum, civem non sibi, sed nobis et rei publicae natum", + "en": "Nobody could put up with his villainy, even if non-belligerent, but Antonius made war on the province of Gaul: he is besieging Mutina, one of the most loyal and distinguished colonies of the Roman people; he is attacking Decimus Brutus, imperator, consul-elect, a citizen born not for himself but for us and the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 13080, + "la": "Ergo Hannibal hostis, civis Antonius?", + "en": "Therefore: was Hannibal an enemy and is Antonius 25a citizen?" + }, + { + "id": 13081, + "la": "Quid ille fecit hostiliter quod hic non aut fecerit aut faciat aut moliatur et cogitet?", + "en": "What hostile act did Hannibal commit which Antonius has not committed or is not committing or is not putting in hand and planning?" + }, + { + "id": 13082, + "la": "Totum iter Antoniorum quid habuit nisi depopulationes, vastationes, caedis, rapinas?", + "en": "Was not the entire march of the Antonii a series of acts of depopulation, devastation, massacre, and pillaging?" + }, + { + "id": 13083, + "la": "Quas non faciebat Hannibal, quia multa ad usum suum reservabat: at hi, qui in horam viverent, non modo de fortunis et de bonis civium, sed ne de utilitate quidem sua cogitaverunt", + "en": "Hannibal did not behave so because he reserved much for his own use; but these men, living from one hour to the next, had no thought for the fortunes and property of their countrymen and not even for their own advantage." + }, + { + "id": 13084, + "la": "Ad hunc, di boni, legatos mitti placet?", + "en": "And, good gods, is this the man to whom it is decided to send envoys?" + }, + { + "id": 13085, + "la": "Norunt isti homines formam rei publicae, iura belli, exempla maiorum, cogitant quid populi Romani maiestas, quid senatus severitas postulet?", + "en": "Do those fellows know the structure of the Republic, the laws of war, the precedents set by our ancestors? Have they any thought for what the majesty of the Roman people and the gravity of the senate require?" + }, + { + "id": 13086, + "la": "Legatos decernis? Si ut deprecere, contemnet; si ut imperes, non audiet; denique quamvis severa legatis mandata dederimus, nomen ipsum legatorum hunc quem videmus populi Romani restinguet ardorem, municipiorum atque Italiae franget animos", + "en": "You22 propose envoys? If your purpose is to plead with him, he will despise you; if it is to give him orders, he will not listen. Finally, however stern a commission we give the envoys, the very term envoys will quench the ardor of the Roman people, of which we see the evidence around us, will break the spirit of the townships and Italy." + }, + { + "id": 13087, + "la": "Ut omittam haec, quae magna sunt, certe ista legatio moram et tarditatem adferet bello", + "en": "To leave aside these considerations, important as they are, such an embassy will at least mean delay and retardation for the war." + }, + { + "id": 13088, + "la": "Quamvis dicant quod quosdam audio dicturos, legati proficiscantur: bellum nihilo minus paretur, tamen legatorum nomen ipsum et animos hominum molliet et belli celeritatem morabitur", + "en": "Though people may say, as I hear some are going to say: 26Let the envoys set out, and let preparations for war go on just the same, nevertheless, the very term envoys will both soften mens minds and slow the pace of the war." + }, + { + "id": 13089, + "la": "[10] Minimis momentis, patres conscripti, maximae inclinationes temporum fiunt, cum in omni casu rei publicae tum in bello et maxime civili, quod opinione plerumque et fama gubernatur", + "en": "[10] Very small impulses, Members of the Senate, sometimes change situations dramatically: it happens not only in every crisis of the Republic, but particularly in war, and above all in civil war, which is apt to be ruled by public opinion and report." + }, + { + "id": 13090, + "la": "Nemo quaeret quibus cum mandatis legatos miserimus: nomen ipsum legationis ultro missae timoris esse signum videbitur", + "en": "Nobody will ask what commission we have given the envoys to deliver: the very notion of an embassy dispatched of our own volition will be taken as a sign of fear." + }, + { + "id": 13091, + "la": "Recedat a Mutina, desinat oppugnare Brutum, decedat ex Gallia; non est verbis rogandus, cogendus est armis", + "en": "Let Antonius retire from Mutina, let him cease attacking Brutus, let him withdraw from Gaul; he is not to be asked in words, he is to be compelled by force of arms." + }, + { + "id": 13092, + "la": "Non enim ad Hannibalem mittimus ut a Sagunto recedat, ad quem miserat olim senatus P Valerium Flaccum et Q Baebium Tamphilum'qui, si Hannibal non pareret, Carthaginem ire iussi erant: nostros quo iubemus ire, si non paruerit Antonius?'ad nostrum civem mittimus, ne imperatorem, ne coloniam populi Romani oppugnet", + "en": "We are not sending to Hannibal to demand that he 27retire from Saguntum, Hannibal, to whom once upon a time the senate sent Publius Valerius Flaccus and Quintus Baebius Tamphilus'they had been instructed to go on to Carthage if Hannibal refused compliance: where do we instruct our men to go if Antonius refuses?'we are sending to a fellow countryman, to ask him not to attack an imperator and a colony of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 13093, + "la": "Itane vero? Hoc per legatos rogandum est?", + "en": "Is this to happen indeed? Is this a request that ought to be made through envoys?" + }, + { + "id": 13094, + "la": "Quid interest, per deos immortalis, utrum hanc urbem oppugnet an huius urbis propugnaculum, coloniam populi Romani praesidi causa collocatam?", + "en": "What, by the immortal gods, is the difference between attacking this city and attacking an outpost of this city, a colony of the Roman people founded to provide protection?" + }, + { + "id": 13095, + "la": "Belli Punici secundi quod contra maiores nostros Hannibal gessit causa fuit Sagunti oppugnatio", + "en": "The cause of the Second Punic War, waged by Hannibal against our ancestors, was the attack on Saguntum." + }, + { + "id": 13096, + "la": "Recte ad eum legati missi: mittebantur ad Poenum; mittebantur pro Hannibalis hostibus, nostris sociis", + "en": "It was right to send envoys to him: they were sent to a Carthaginian; they were sent on behalf of Hannibals enemies, our allies." + }, + { + "id": 13097, + "la": "Quid simile tandem? Nos ad civem mittimus ne imperatorem populi Romani, ne exercitum, ne coloniam circumsedeat, ne oppugnet, ne agros depopuletur, ne sit hostis", + "en": "What is at all similar? We are sending to a countryman to ask him not to blockade an imperator and an army and a colony of the Roman people, not to attack, not to devastate lands, not to be an enemy." + }, + { + "id": 13098, + "la": "[11] Age, si paruerit, hoc civi uti aut volumus aut possumus?", + "en": "[11] Now then, supposing he complies, do we wish or 28are we able to have him in our community?" + }, + { + "id": 13099, + "la": "Ante diem XIII Kalendas Ianuarias decretis vestris eum concidistis;", + "en": "On the twentieth of December you cut him to pieces by your decrees:23" + }, + { + "id": 13100, + "la": "constituistis ut haec ad vos Kalendis Ianuariis referrentur quae referri videtis, de honoribus et praemiis bene de re publica meritorum et merentium:", + "en": "you determined that on the first of January a discussion be initiated (as you see, it is) concerning honors and rewards for those who have deserved and are deserving well of the Republic," + }, + { + "id": 13101, + "la": "quorum principem iudicastis eum qui fuit, C Caesarem, qui M Antoni impetus nefarios ab urbe in Galliam avertit, deinde milites veteranos qui primi Caesarem secuti sunt, tum illas caelestis divinasque legiones, Martiam et quartam, comprobatis, quibus, cum consulem suum non modo reliquissent sed bello etiam persequerentur, honores et praemia spopondistis;", + "en": "first among whom you judged to be (and first he was) Gaius Caesar, who turned Marcus Antonius wicked onset away from the city to Gaul; next you gave your approval to the veteran soldiers who were the first to follow Caesar and after them to those wonderful and divine legions, the Martian and the Fourth, to whom you pledged honors and rewards after they had not only abandoned their consul but were actually making war on him." + }, + { + "id": 13102, + "la": "eodemque die D Bruti, praestantissimi civis, edicto adlato atque proposito factum eius collaudastis, quodque ille bellum privato consilio susceperat, id vos auctoritate publica comprobastis", + "en": "On the same day, the dispatch of our very distinguished countryman Decimus Brutus arrived and was published; you praised what he had done and endorsed by public authority his action in starting war on his private initiative." + }, + { + "id": 13103, + "la": "Quid igitur illo die aliud egistis nisi ut hostem iudicaretis Antonium?", + "en": "What, 29then, was your purpose that day but to declare Antonius a public enemy?" + }, + { + "id": 13104, + "la": "His vestris decretis aut ille vos aequo animo aspicere poterit aut vos illum sine dolore summo videbitis?", + "en": "After those decrees of yours will he be able to look at you calmly, or will you see him without fierce indignation?" + }, + { + "id": 13105, + "la": "Exclusit illum a re publica, distraxit, segregavit non solum scelus ipsius sed etiam, ut mihi videtur, fortuna quaedam rei publicae", + "en": "His own crime and also, as it seems to me, a stroke of good fortune for the Republic has shut him out, separated, segregated from the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 13106, + "la": "Qui si legatis paruerit Romamque redierit, num quam perditis civibus vexillum quo concurrant defuturum putatis?", + "en": "If he obeys the envoys and returns to Rome, do you imagine that abandoned citizens will ever lack a banner to rally behind?" + }, + { + "id": 13107, + "la": "Sed hoc minus vereor: sunt alia quae magis timeam et cogitem", + "en": "This, however, is not my main apprehension: there are other dangers I fear more, have more in mind." + }, + { + "id": 13108, + "la": "Numquam parebit ille legatis", + "en": "He will never obey the envoys." + }, + { + "id": 13109, + "la": "Novi hominis insaniam, adrogantiam; novi perdita consilia amicorum, quibus ille est deditus", + "en": "I know this mans madness, his arrogance; I know the desperate counsels of the friends to whom he has surrendered himself." + }, + { + "id": 13110, + "la": "Lucius quidem frater eius, utpote qui peregre depugnarit, familiam ducit", + "en": "His brother Lucius leads this 30troop, with his experience of combat in foreign parts." + }, + { + "id": 13111, + "la": "Sit per se ipse sanus, quod numquam erit: per hos esse ei tamen non licebit", + "en": "Suppose Antonius is sane in himself, which he will never be: he will still not be allowed to be so by these fellows." + }, + { + "id": 13112, + "la": "Teretur interea tempus; belli apparatus refrigescent", + "en": "Meanwhile, time will be wasted; military preparations will cool off." + }, + { + "id": 13113, + "la": "Unde est adhuc bellum tractum nisi ex retardatione et mora?", + "en": "Is not the protraction of the war till now due solely to hesitation and waiting?" + }, + { + "id": 13114, + "la": "Ut primum post discessum latronis vel potius desperatam fugam libere senatus haberi potuit, semper flagitavi ut convocaremur", + "en": "From the moment when the senate could be convened without intimidation, after the departure of the bandit, or rather after his desperate flight, I continually demanded that we be convoked." + }, + { + "id": 13115, + "la": "Quo die primum convocati sumus, cum designati consules non adessent, ieci sententia mea maximo vestro consensu fundamenta rei publicae, serius omnino quam decuit'nec enim ante potui'sed tamen, si ex eo tempore dies nullus intermissus esset, bellum profecto nullum haberemus", + "en": "As soon as we were convoked, in the absence of the consuls-elect, I put forward a proposal by which I laid the foundations of the Republic, with your greatest assent.25 It is true that it was later than it should have been'for I had no earlier opportunity'; but if no day had been lost from that time forward, it is pretty clear that we should not have a war on our hands." + }, + { + "id": 13116, + "la": "Omne malum nascens facile opprimitur; inveteratum fit plerumque robustius Sed tum exspectabantur Kalendae Ianuariae, fortasse non recte", + "en": "Every evil is easily nipped in the bud; with age it usually gets stronger. But then we were waiting for the first of January; perhaps that was a mistake." + }, + { + "id": 13117, + "la": "[12] Verum praeterita omittamus: etiamne hanc moram, dum proficiscantur legati, dum revertantur?", + "en": "[12] But let bygones be bygones: is there now to be yet further delay while the envoys set out and return?" + }, + { + "id": 13118, + "la": "Quorum exspectatio dubitationem belli adfert: bello autem dubio quod potest studium esse dilectus?", + "en": "To wait for them will raise doubts about the war; and if the war is in doubt, how can there be an enthusiastic response to a levy of troops?" + }, + { + "id": 13119, + "la": "Quam ob rem, patres conscripti, legatorum mentionem nullam censeo faciendam;", + "en": "Therefore, Members of the Senate, in my judgment no mention should be made of envoys." + }, + { + "id": 13120, + "la": "rem administrandam arbitror sine ulla mora et confestim gerendam [censeo]; tumultum decerni, iustitium edici, saga sumi dico oportere, dilectum haberi sublatis vacationibus in urbe et in Italia praeter Galliam tota", + "en": "I think the business should be put in hand without any delay and prosecuted at once. I say that a state of public emergency should be decreed, suspension of business proclaimed, military cloaks donned, and a levy held with no exemptions in the city and in the whole of Italy, Gaul excepted." + }, + { + "id": 13121, + "la": "Quae si erunt facta, opinio ipsa et fama nostrae severitatis obruet scelerati gladiatoris amentiam", + "en": "If these measures are 32adopted, the mere opinion and report of our sternness will crush the madness of a felonious gladiator." + }, + { + "id": 13122, + "la": "Sentiet ibi bellum cum re publica esse susceptum; experietur consentientis senatus nervos atque viris; nam nunc quidem partium contentionem esse dictitat", + "en": "He will realize that he has taken up arms against the Republic; he will feel the sinews and strength of a united senate, while at present he talks of a conflict between parties." + }, + { + "id": 13123, + "la": "Quarum partium? Alteri victi sunt, alteri sunt e mediis C Caesari partibus; nisi forte Caesaris partis a Pansa et Hirtio consulibus et a filio C Caesaris oppugnari putamus", + "en": "What parties? One group has been defeated; the other comes from the midst of Gaius Caesars partisans. Or do we suppose that Caesars partisans are under attack from the consuls Pansa and Hirtius and from Gaius Caesars son?" + }, + { + "id": 13124, + "la": "Hoc vero bellum non ex dissensione partium, sed ex nefaria spe perditissimorum civium ex[er]citatum, quibus bona fortunaeque nostrae notatae sunt et iam ad cuiusque optionem distributae", + "en": "But this war is not due to a quarrel involving parties: instead, it has been stirred up from the wicked hopes of totally desperate citizens, for whom our goods and fortunes have been marked down and already distributed to suit each individuals preference." + }, + { + "id": 13125, + "la": "Legi epistulam Antoni quam ad quendam septemvirum, capitalem hominem, collegam suum, miserat", + "en": "I have read a letter that Antonius had sent to one 33member of the Board of Seven, a right dangerous character, his colleague:" + }, + { + "id": 13126, + "la": "Quid concupiscas tu videris: quod concupiveris certe habebis.", + "en": "You must make up your mind what you want; what you want you will certainly get." + }, + { + "id": 13127, + "la": "Em ad quem legatos mittamus, cui bellum moremur inferre: qui ne sorti quidem fortunas nostras destinvit, sed libidini cuiusque nos ita addixit ut ne sibi quidem quicquam integrum quod non alicui promissum iam sit reliquerit", + "en": "Look, this is the man to whom we are to send envoys, against whom we are to delay launching a war! He who has not even put our fortunes into a lottery, but has given us over to every individuals desires, so as not even to leave something uncommitted for himself, since everything has already been promised to somebody." + }, + { + "id": 13128, + "la": "Cum hoc, patres conscripti, bello, inquam, decertandum est, idque confestim: legatorum tarditas repudianda est", + "en": "With this man, Members of the Senate, we must fight it out. It must be war, I repeat, war, and that right away: no drawn-out business of envoys!" + }, + { + "id": 13129, + "la": "Quapropter ne multa nobis cotidie decernenda sint, consulibus totam rem publicam commendandam censeo eisque permittendum ut rem publicam defendant providentque ne quid res publica detrimenti accipiat, censeoque ut eis qui in exercitu M Antoni sunt ne sit ea res fraudi, si ante Kalendas Februarias ab eo discesserint", + "en": "Therefore, to spare ourselves the necessity of many decrees 34day after day, I propose that the whole Republic be committed to the consuls and that they be given full discretion to defend the Republic and take measures to ensure that the Republic suffer no harm.27 I further propose that men now in the army of Marcus Antonius be subject to no penalty on that account provided that they leave him before the first of February." + }, + { + "id": 13130, + "la": "Haec si censuerit, patres conscripti, brevi tempore libertatem populi Romani auctoritatemque vestram recuperabitis", + "en": "If you so decide, Members of the Senate, you will soon recover the liberty of the Roman people and your own authority." + }, + { + "id": 13131, + "la": "Si autem lenius agetis, tamen eadem, sed fortasse serius decernetis", + "en": "If, on the other hand, you take a milder course, you will nonetheless eventually pass the same decrees, but perhaps too late." + }, + { + "id": 13132, + "la": "De re publica quod retulistis satis decrevisse videor", + "en": "So far as the question you28 wished to be discussed concerns the state of the Republic, I think it is sufficiently covered by my motion." + }, + { + "id": 13133, + "la": "[13] Altera res est de honoribus; de quibus deinceps intellego esse dicendum", + "en": "[13] The other matter concerns honors; this must evidently 35be my next theme." + }, + { + "id": 13134, + "la": "Sed qui ordo in sententiis rogandis servari solet, eundem tenebo in viris fortibus honorandis", + "en": "Well, I shall observe the same order of precedence in honoring brave men as is customarily used in calling on senators to speak." + }, + { + "id": 13135, + "la": "A Bruto igitur, consule designato, more maiorum capiamus exordium", + "en": "Therefore, following traditional practice, let us begin with Brutus, consul-elect." + }, + { + "id": 13136, + "la": "Cuius ut superiora omittam, quae sunt maxima illa quidem sed adhuc hominum magis iudiciis quam publice laudata, quibusnam verbis eius laudes huius ipsius temporis consequi possumus?", + "en": "Even leaving aside his earlier achievements,30 which, however great, have hitherto received general approval rather than official acknowledgment, how can we find words to praise his exemplary conduct at this very time?" + }, + { + "id": 13137, + "la": "Neque enim ullam mercedem tanta virtus praeter hanc laudis gloriaeque desiderat, qua etiam si careat, tamen sit se ipsa contenta; quamquam in memoria gratorum civium tamquam in luce posita laetatur", + "en": "And indeed such virtue asks for no reward save this of praise and glory, and even if that were not forthcoming, it would be content with itself; not but what it rejoices, placed in the memory of grateful countrymen as in a pool of light." + }, + { + "id": 13138, + "la": "Laus igitur iudici testimonique nostri tribuenda Bruto est", + "en": "So Brutus must be given the praise of our judgment and testimony." + }, + { + "id": 13139, + "la": "Quam ob rem his verbis, patres conscripti, senatus consultum faciendum censeo:", + "en": "Accordingly, Members of the Senate, I propose that 36a decree of the senate be passed in the following terms:" + }, + { + "id": 13140, + "la": "Cum D Brutus, imperator, consul designatus, provinciam Galliam in senatus populique Romani potestate teneat, cumque exercitum tantum tam brevi tempore summo studio municipiorum coloniarumque provinciae Galliae, optime de re publica meritae merentisque, conscripserit, compararit, id eum recte et ordine exque re publica fecisse, idque D Bruti praestantissimum meritum in rem publicam senatui populoque Romano gratum esse et fore:", + "en": "Whereas Decimus Brutus, imperator, consul-elect, is holding the province of Gaul in the control of the senate and people of Rome, and whereas he has enrolled and mustered so large an army in so short a time with the enthusiastic support of the municipalities and colonies of the province of Gaul, a province which has deserved and is deserving excellently well of the Republic: that he has acted rightly and properly and in the public interest; and that this outstanding service to the Republic on the part of Decimus Brutus is and will be pleasing to the senate and people of Rome;" + }, + { + "id": 13141, + "la": "itaque senatum populumque Romanum existimare, D Bruti imperatoris, consulis designati, opera, consilio, virtute incredibilique studio et consensu provinciae Galliae rei publicae difficillimo tempore esse subventum.", + "en": "therefore the senate and people of Rome consider that by the activity, judgment, and courage of Decimus Brutus, imperator, consul-elect, and by the extraordinary zeal and unanimity of the province of Gaul, aid has been rendered to the Republic at a most difficult time." + }, + { + "id": 13142, + "la": "Huic tanto merito Bruti, patres conscripti, tantoque in rem publicam beneficio quis est tantus honos qui non debeatur?", + "en": "For this sovereign service of Brutus, Members of the 37Senate, and such a great benefaction conferred upon the Republic, what honor could be too great?" + }, + { + "id": 13143, + "la": "Nam si M Antonio patuisset Gallia, si oppressis municipiis et colonis imparatis in illam ultimam Galliam penetrare potuisset, quantus rei publicae terror impenderet!", + "en": "If Gaul had lain wide open to Marcus Antonius, if, after crushing its unprepared municipalities and colonies, he had been able to penetrate into that Outer Gaul, what a cloud of terror would be hanging over the Republic!" + }, + { + "id": 13144, + "la": "Dubitaret, credo, homo amentissimus atque in omnibus consiliis praeceps et devius non solum cum exercitu suo sed etiam cum omni immanitate barbariae bellum inferre nobis, ut eius furorem ne Alpium quidem muro cohibere possemus", + "en": "He would hesitate, I am sure, this absolute madman, whose every move is an erratic plunge, to bring war upon us not only with his army but with all the savagery of a barbarous land. Even with the rampart of the Alps we would be powerless to contain his fury." + }, + { + "id": 13145, + "la": "Haec igitur habenda gratia est D Bruto qui illum, nondum interposita auctoritate vestra, suo consilio atque iudicio, non ut consulem recepit, sed ut hostem arcuit Gallia seque obsideri quam hanc urbem maluit", + "en": "For this, then, we have Decimus Brutus to thank, who, prior to the confirmation by your authority, exercising his own initiative and judgment, did not admit Antonius as a consul but barred him from Gaul as an enemy and preferred to have himself, rather than this city, besieged." + }, + { + "id": 13146, + "la": "Habeat ergo huius tanti facti tamque praeclari decreto nostro testimonium sempiternum;", + "en": "So let him by our decree have everlasting testimony to this great and noble action;" + }, + { + "id": 13147, + "la": "Galliaque, quae semper praesidet atque praesedit huic imperio libertatique communi, merito vereque laudetur, quod se suasque viris non tradidit, sed opposuit Antonio", + "en": "and let Gaul, which protects and always has protected this empire and the common freedom, be deservedly and truly commended in that instead of surrendering herself and her strength to Antonius she placed them in his path." + }, + { + "id": 13148, + "la": "[14] Atque etiam M Lepido pro eius egregiis in rem publicam meritis decernendos honores quam amplissimos censeo", + "en": "[14] I further propose that the most ample honors possible 38be decreed to Marcus Lepidus for his outstanding services to the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 13149, + "la": "Semper ille populum Romanum liberum voluit maximumque signum illo die dedit voluntatis et iudici sui, cum Antonio diadema Caesari imponente se avertit gemituque et maestitia declaravit quantum haberet odium servitutis, quam populum Romanum liberum cuperet, quam illa quae tulerat temporum magis necessitate quam iudicio tulisset", + "en": "Lepidus has ever wished the Roman people to be free; and he gave an unmistakable indication of his wishes and judgment that day when Antonius tried to place a diadem on Caesars head:31 Lepidus turned away and declared by a groan and a sad countenance how much he hated slavery and desired the Roman people to be free, how his tolerance of what he had tolerated had been due to the necessity of the times rather than his own choice." + }, + { + "id": 13150, + "la": "Quanta vero is moderatione usus sit in illo tempore civitatis quod post mortem Caesaris consecutum est, quis nostrum oblivisci potest?", + "en": "Which of us can forget his great moderation in the national crisis that followed Caesars death?" + }, + { + "id": 13151, + "la": "Magna haec, sed ad maiora properat oratio", + "en": "These are great merits, but my words hasten on to others greater still." + }, + { + "id": 13152, + "la": "Quid enim, o di immortales, admirabilius omnibus gentibus, quid optatius populo Romano accidere potuit quam, cum bellum civile maximum esset, cuius belli exitum omnes timeremus, sapientia et misericordia id potius exstingui quam armis et ferro rem in discrimen adduci?", + "en": "What event, by the immortal gods, could have created 39greater admiration among all nations and what could the Roman people more earnestly have desired to happen than the extinction of a civil war by wisdom and compassion, instead of provoking a crisis by weapons and the sword, just when that war was at its most threatening and we all dreaded its outcome?32" + }, + { + "id": 13153, + "la": "Quod si eadem ratio Caesaris[i] fuisset in illo taetro miseroque bello, ut omittam patrem, duos Cn Pompei, summi et singularis viri, filios incolumis haberemus: quibus certe pietas fraudi esse non debuit", + "en": "If Caesar had taken the same course in that other hideous, miserable struggle, we should have the two sons of Gnaeus Pompeius, a most noble and distinguished gentleman, safe in our midst (to say nothing of their father). Assuredly they ought not to have suffered for being good sons." + }, + { + "id": 13154, + "la": "Utinam omnis M Lepidus servare potuisset!", + "en": "If only Marcus Lepidus could have saved all of them!" + }, + { + "id": 13155, + "la": "Facturum fuisse declaravit in eo quod potuit, cum Sex Pompeium restituit civitati, maximum ornamentum rei publicae, clarissimum monumentum clementiae suae", + "en": "That he would have done so he made plain by doing what he could, in restoring Sextus Pompeius to the community, a shining ornament of the Republic and a most notable memorial of his own clemency." + }, + { + "id": 13156, + "la": "Gravis illa fortuna populi Romani, grave fatum!", + "en": "Grievous was that stroke of fortune to the Roman people, a grievous destiny!" + }, + { + "id": 13157, + "la": "Pompeio enim patre, quod imperi[o] populi Romani lumen fuit, exstincto interfectus est patris simillimus filius", + "en": "In Pompeius the father the light of the Roman peoples empire was put out; and then his son, who resembled him so closely, was slain." + }, + { + "id": 13158, + "la": "Sed omnia mihi videntur deorum immortalium iudicio expiata Sex Pompeio rei publicae conservato", + "en": "But by the judgment of the 40gods, the preservation of Sextus Pompeius to the Republic, has, as I see it, made amends for all." + }, + { + "id": 13159, + "la": "[15] Quam ob causam iustam atque magnam et quod periculosissimum civile bellum maximumque humanitate et sapientia sua M Lepidus ad pacem concordiamque convertit, senatus consultum his verbis censeo perscribendum:", + "en": "[15] For this great and just reason and because Marcus Lepidus by his humanity and wisdom has transformed a very big and dangerous civil war into peace and concord, I propose that a decree of the senate be entered in the following terms:" + }, + { + "id": 13160, + "la": "Cum a M Lepido imperatore, pontifice maximo, saepe numero res et bene et feliciter gesta sit, populusque Romanus intellexerit ei dominatum regium maxime displicere, cumque eius opera, virtute, consilio singularique clementia et mansuetudine bellum acerbissimum civile it restinctum,", + "en": "Whereas Marcus Lepidus, imperator, pontifex maximus, has on many occasions well and successfully conducted the affairs of the Republic, and the Roman people has perceived that monarchical rule is strongly repugnant to him; and whereas by his activity, courage, judgment, outstanding clemency, and gentle dealing a most bitter civil war has been extinguished," + }, + { + "id": 13161, + "la": "Sextusque Pompeius Cn f Magnus huius ordinis auctoritate ab armis discesserit et a M Lepido imperatore, pontifice maximo, summa senatus populique Romani voluntate civitati restitutus sit,", + "en": "and Sextus Pompeius 41Magnus, son of Gnaeus, has laid down his arms by the authority of this body and been restored to the community by Marcus Lepidus, imperator, pontifex maximus, with the wholehearted endorsement of the senate and people of Rome:" + }, + { + "id": 13162, + "la": "senatum populumque Romanum pro maximis plurimisque in rem publicam M Lepidi meritis magnam spem in eius virtute, auctoritate, felicitate re oti, pacis, concordiae, libertatis, eiusque in rem publicam meritorum senatum populumque Romanum memorem fore,", + "en": "that the senate and people of Rome, conscious of Marcus Lepidus very great and very numerous services to the Republic, place high hope for peace, tranquillity, concord, and liberty in his courage, authority, and good fortune; and that the senate and people of Rome will be mindful of his outstanding services to the Republic;" + }, + { + "id": 13163, + "la": "eique statuam equestrem inauratam in rostris aut quo alio loco in foro vellet ex huius ordinis sententia statui placere.", + "en": "and that it pleases the senate that by the decision of this body a gilt equestrian statue to him be placed on the Rostra or in any other position in the Forum which he may choose." + }, + { + "id": 13164, + "la": "Qui honos, patres conscripti, mihi maximus videtur, primum qua iustus est;", + "en": "This honor, Members of the Senate, I consider to be very great, first and foremost, because it is rightful;" + }, + { + "id": 13165, + "la": "non enim solum datur propter spem temporum reliquorum sed pro amplissimis meritis redditur;", + "en": "for it is not granted simply in the hope of things to come but rendered in recognition of very important services." + }, + { + "id": 13166, + "la": "nec vero cuiquam possumus commemorare hunc honorem a senatu tributum iudicio senatus soluto et libero", + "en": "Nor can we name any other person to whom this honor has been granted by the senate acting freely and without constraint." + }, + { + "id": 13167, + "la": "[16] Venio ad C Caesarem, patres conscripti; qui nisi fuisset, quis nostrum esse potuisset?", + "en": "[16] I come to Gaius Caesar, Members of the Senate. 42Had it not been for him, what chance would there have been for any of us to survive?" + }, + { + "id": 13168, + "la": "Advolabat ad urbem a Brundisio homo impotentissimus, ardens odio, animo hostili in omnis bonos cum exercitu Antonius", + "en": "Hastening up from Brundisium to the city was a man of violent temper, burning with hatred, hostile to all decent men, with an army at his back: Antonius." + }, + { + "id": 13169, + "la": "Quid huius audaciae et sceleri poterat opponi?", + "en": "What could we oppose to his audacity, his criminal intent?" + }, + { + "id": 13170, + "la": "Nondum ullos duces habebamus, non copias; nullum erat consilium publicum, nulla libertas; dandae cervices erant crudelitati nefariae; fugam quaerebamus omnes, quae ipsa exitum non habebat", + "en": "At that time we had no leaders, no forces; there was no public council, no freedom; we were forced to submit our necks to the villains cruelty; we all sought flight, which itself offered no escape." + }, + { + "id": 13171, + "la": "Quis tum nobis, quis populo Romano obtulit hunc divinum adulescentem deus?", + "en": "What god then presented 43to us and to the Roman people this godlike young man?" + }, + { + "id": 13172, + "la": "Qui, cum omnia ad perniciem nostram pestifero illi civi paterent, subito praeter spem omnium exortus prius confecit exercitum quem furori M Antoni opponeret quam quisquam hoc eum cogitare suspicaretur", + "en": "When every road to our destruction lay open to that baneful citizen, suddenly, to the surprise of all, he arose: he got together an army to oppose Marcus Antonius madness before anyone suspected him of such a thought." + }, + { + "id": 13173, + "la": "Magni honores habiti Cn Pompeio cum esset adulescens, et quidem iure", + "en": "Great honors were accorded to Gnaeus Pompeius when he was a young man, and rightly so;" + }, + { + "id": 13174, + "la": "Subvenit enim rei publicae, sed aetate multo robustior et militum ducem quaerentium studio partior et in alio genere belli Non enim omnibus Sullae causa grata: declarat multitudo proscriptorum, tot municipiorum maximae calamitates", + "en": "for he came to the aid of the Republic, but he was much stronger in years, had a better basis in the soldiers zeal in looking for a leader, and it was a different sort of war.33 Sullas cause was not universally favored: witness the multitude of the proscribed and the terrible disasters that befell so many townships." + }, + { + "id": 13175, + "la": "Caesar autem annis multis minor veteranos cupientis iam requiescere armavit; eam complexus est causam quae esset senatui, quae populo, quae cunctae Italiae, quae dis hominibusque gratissima", + "en": "Caesar, many years 44younger, armed veterans who now wanted peace and quiet; and he embraced a cause most highly favored by the senate, by the people, by all Italy, by gods and men." + }, + { + "id": 13176, + "la": "Et Pompeius ad L Sullae maximum imperium victoremque exercitum accessit: Caesar se ad neminem adiunxit, ipse princeps exercitus faciendi et praesidi comparandi fuit", + "en": "Also Pompeius joined Lucius Sullas mighty command and victorious army: Caesar attached himself to nobody, was himself the first to form an army and to create a defense." + }, + { + "id": 13177, + "la": "Ille [in] adversariorum partibus agrum Picenum habuit inimicum: hic ex Antoni amicis sed amicioribus libertati[s] contra Antonium confecit exercitum", + "en": "Pompeius held the territory of Picenum, hostile to the opposing party: Caesar raised an army against Antonius from Antonius friends'but better friends of freedom." + }, + { + "id": 13178, + "la": "Illius opibus Sulla regnavit: huius praesidi Antoni dominatus oppressus est", + "en": "With Pompeius help Sulla reigned: by Caesars intervention Antonius despotism has been crushed." + }, + { + "id": 13179, + "la": "Demus igitur imperium Caesari sne quo res militaris administrari, teneri exercitus, bellum geri non potest: sit pro praetore eo iure quo qui optimo", + "en": "Therefore, let 45us give Caesar that authority without which no military business can be conducted, no army held, no war waged: let him be propraetor in full status." + }, + { + "id": 13180, + "la": "Qui honos quamquam est magnus illi aetati, tamen ad necessitatem rerum gerendarum, non solum ad dignitatem valet", + "en": "While it is a great honor at his age, it is yet relevant to the necessity of military operations, not just to prestige." + }, + { + "id": 13181, + "la": "[17] Itaque illa quaeramus quae vix hodierno die consequemur", + "en": "[17] So let us ask for what we shall obtain just as of today;" + }, + { + "id": 13182, + "la": "Sed saepe spero fore huius adulescenti [hortandi] honorandi et nobis et populo Romano potestatem", + "en": "but I expect that both we and the Roman people will have many opportunities in times to come of conferring honors on this young man." + }, + { + "id": 13183, + "la": "Hoc autem tempore ita censeo decernendum:", + "en": "At present, however, I move a decree as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 13184, + "la": "Quod C Caesar C f pontifex pro praetore summo rei publicae tempore milites veteranos ad libertatem populi Romani cohortatus sit eosque conscripserit, quodque legio Martia que quarta summo studio optimoque in rem publicam consensu C Caesare duce et auctore rem publicam, libertatem populi Romani defendant deferint,", + "en": "Whereas Gaius Caesar, son of Gaius, pontifex, propraetor,34 46at a grave crisis of the Republic urged veteran soldiers to defend the freedom of the Roman people and enrolled them; and whereas the Martian Legion and the Fourth Legion with the greatest enthusiasm, in unanimous loyalty to the Republic, under the leadership and at the instigation of Gaius Caesar, are defending and have defended the Republic and the freedom of the Roman people;" + }, + { + "id": 13185, + "la": "et quod C Caesar pro praetore Galliae provinciae cum exercitu subsidio profectus sit, equites, sagittios, elephantos in suam populique Romani potestatem redegerit, difficillimoque rei publicae tempore saluti dignitatique populi Romani subvenerit, ob eas causas senatui placere C Caesarem C f pontificem, pro praetore, senatorem esse sententiamque loco praetorio dicere, eiusque rationem, quemcumque magistratum petet, ita haberi ut haberi per leges liceret si anno superiore quaestor fuisset.", + "en": "and whereas Gaius Caesar, propraetor, has set out with his army to the assistance of the province of Gaul, has brought cavalry, archers, and elephants under his own control and that of the Roman people, and at a most difficult crisis of the Republic has come to the aid of the safety and dignity of the Roman people: for these reasons that the senate decree that Gaius Caesar, son of Gaius, pontifex, propraetor, become a member of the senate, that he give his opinion among the ex-praetors, and that his candidature for whatever magistracy he shall be a candidate be accepted as it would legally be accepted if he had been quaestor in the year previous to this one." + }, + { + "id": 13186, + "la": "Quid est enim, patres conscripti, cur eum non quam primum amplissimos honores capere cupiamus?", + "en": "For why, Members of the Senate, should we not wish 47him to gain the highest offices as soon as possible?" + }, + { + "id": 13187, + "la": "Legibus enim annalibus cum grandiorem aetatem ad consulatum constituebant, adulescentiae temeritatem verebantur: C Caesar ineunte aetate docuit ab excellenti eximiaque virtute progressum aetatis exspectari non oportere", + "en": "For when people fixed a later age for the consulship by means of laws regulating age requirements, they were afraid of the rashness of youth. But Gaius Caesar has shown immediately upon achieving manhood that outstanding and exceptional abilities need not await advancing years." + }, + { + "id": 13188, + "la": "Itaque maiores nostri veteres illi admodum antiqui leges annalis non habebant, quas multis post annis attulit ambitio, ut gradus essent petitionis inter aequalis", + "en": "And so our early ancestors, the men of old, did not have any laws regulating age requirements. These laws came in many years later as a result of the struggle for offices, to create stages at which men of the same age should compete." + }, + { + "id": 13189, + "la": "Ita saepe magna indoles virtutis, prius quam rei publicae prodesse potuisset, exstincta est", + "en": "The consequence often was that great natural abilities were extinguished before they could be of service to the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 13190, + "la": "At vero apud antiquos Rulli, Decii, Corvini multique alii, recentiore autem memoria superior Africanus, T Flaminius admodum adulescentes consules facti tantas res gesserunt ut populi Romani imperium auxerint, nomen ornarint", + "en": "But in ancient times men like Rullus, Decius, Corvinus, 48and many others, and in more recent memory the elder Africanus and Titus Flamininus were elected consuls quite young, and by their great achievements they enlarged the empire of the Roman people and added luster to its name." + }, + { + "id": 13191, + "la": "Quid? Macedo Alexander, cum ab ineunte aetate res maximas gerere coepisset, nonne tertio et tricesimo anno mortem obiit?", + "en": "To take another example, did not Alexander of Macedon begin his career of glorious achievement directly upon achieving manhood and die in his thirty-third year?" + }, + { + "id": 13192, + "la": "Quae est aetas nostris legibus decem annis minor quam consularis", + "en": "This age is ten years below the consular qualification under our laws." + }, + { + "id": 13193, + "la": "Ex quo iudicari potest virtus esse quam aetatis cursum celeriorem", + "en": "Hence we may conclude that ability outruns age." + }, + { + "id": 13194, + "la": "[18] Nam quod ei qui Caesari invident simulant se timere, ne verendum quidem est ut tenere se possit, ut moderari, ne honoribus nostris elatus intemperantius suis opibus utatur", + "en": "[18] Persons jealous of Caesar pretend to dread that he may be unable to keep himself within the bounds of moderation, may be puffed up by our honors and use his power intemperately: not even an apprehension on this account is justified." + }, + { + "id": 13195, + "la": "Ea natura rerum est, patres conscripti, ut qui sensum verae gloriae ceperit quique se ab senatu, ab equitibus Romanis populoque Romano universo senserit civem c[l]arum haberi salutaremque rei publicae, nihil cum hac gloria comparandum putet", + "en": "It is a law of nature, Members of the Senate, that 49once a man has come to a perception of true glory and perceived that in the eyes of the senate, the Roman knights, and the entire Roman people he is a valued citizen and a benefit to the Republic, he will think nothing comparable to this glory." + }, + { + "id": 13196, + "la": "Utinam C Caesari, pari dico, contigisset adulescenti ut esset senatui atque optimo cuique carissimus!", + "en": "I only wish it had been Gaius Caesars fortune in early life (I am speaking of the father) to be highly valued by the senate and all the best of our community!" + }, + { + "id": 13197, + "la": "Quod cum consequi neglexisset, omnem vim ingeni, quae summa fuit in illo, in populari levitate consumpsit", + "en": "Neglecting to win that esteem, he squandered all his powers of mind, which were of the highest order, on the fickleness of the people." + }, + { + "id": 13198, + "la": "Itaque cum respectum ad senatum et ad bonos non haberet, eam sibi viam ipse patefecit ad opes suas amplificandas quam virtus liberi populi ferre non posset", + "en": "And so, paying no consideration to the senate and to decent men, he opened a path to his own aggrandizement such as the spirit of a free people could not tolerate." + }, + { + "id": 13199, + "la": "Eius autem fili longissime diversa ratio est: qui cum omnibus est, tum optimo cuique carissimus", + "en": "Far different is the course chosen by his son: he is valued by all, but is particularly dear to the best of the community." + }, + { + "id": 13200, + "la": "In hoc spes libertatis posita est; ab hoc accepta iam salus; huic summi honores et exquiruntur et parati sunt", + "en": "In him resides the hope of freedom; to him we already owe our lives; for him the highest honors are being sought out and are in readiness." + }, + { + "id": 13201, + "la": "Cuius igitur singularem prudentiam admiramur, eius stultitiam timemus?", + "en": "In a man whose 50exceptional good sense we admire, do we fear folly?" + }, + { + "id": 13202, + "la": "Quid enim stultius quam inutilem potentiam, invidiosas opes, cupiditatem dominandi praecipitem et lubricam anteferre verae, gravi, solidae gloriae?", + "en": "For what would be greater folly than to prefer unprofitable power, invidious riches, the hazardous, treacherous desire for domination, to true, stable, solid glory." + }, + { + "id": 13203, + "la": "An hoc vidit puer: si aetate processerit, non videbit?", + "en": "He has seen this while yet a lad: will he not see it once he has grown older?" + }, + { + "id": 13204, + "la": "At est quibusdam inimicus clarissimis atque optimis civibus.", + "en": "But he has a vendetta against certain excellent and illustrious citizens." + }, + { + "id": 13205, + "la": "Nullus iste timor esse debet", + "en": "There is nothing to fear on that score." + }, + { + "id": 13206, + "la": "Omnis Caesar inimicitias rei publicae condonavit; hanc sibi iudicem constituit, hanc moderatricem omnium atque factorum", + "en": "Caesar has sacrificed all personal grudges to the Republic, which he has made his arbiter and guide in all his decisions and actions." + }, + { + "id": 13207, + "la": "Ita enim [ut enim] ad rem publicam accessit ut eam confirmaret, non ut everteret", + "en": "He has entered public life to strengthen the Republic, not to overthrow it." + }, + { + "id": 13208, + "la": "Omnis habeo cognitos sensus adulescentis", + "en": "I know the young mans mind inside out." + }, + { + "id": 13209, + "la": "Nihil est illi re publica carius, nihil vestra auctoritate gravius, nihil bonorum virorum iudicio optatius, nihil vera gloria dulcius", + "en": "He values nothing more than the Republic, respects nothing more than your authority, desires nothing more than the good opinion of decent men, relishes nothing more than true glory." + }, + { + "id": 13210, + "la": "Quam ob rem ab eo non modo nihil timere sed maiora et meliora exspectare debetis, neque in eo qui ad D Brutum obsidione liberandum profectus sit timere ne memoria maneat domestici doloris quae plus apud eum possit quam salus civitatis", + "en": "For this reason, so far from being in any way afraid of 51him, you should expect greater and better things of him. And as he has set out to liberate Decimus Brutus from siege, you should have no fear that the memory of a private grief may stay with him so as to outweigh the safety of the community." + }, + { + "id": 13211, + "la": "Audeo etiam obligare fidem meam, patres conscripti, vobis populoque Romano reique publicae; quod profecto , cum me nulla vis cogeret, facere non auderem pertimesceremque in maxima re periculosam opinionem temeritatis", + "en": "I even dare to pledge my word, Members of the Senate, to you and to the Roman people and to the Republic'and that is something that I obviously should not dare to do in the case of someone else, since no force compels me; I would be afraid of earning the dangerous reputation of rashness in so great a business." + }, + { + "id": 13212, + "la": "Promitto, recipio, spondeo, patres conscripti, C Caesarem talem semper fore civem qualis hodie sit qualemque eum maxime velle esse et optare debemus", + "en": "I give you my promise, my guarantee, my pledge, Members of the Senate, that Gaius Caesar will always be such a citizen as he is today and such as we ought most to wish and pray for him to be." + }, + { + "id": 13213, + "la": "[19] Quae cum ita sint, de Caesare satis hoc tempore dictum habebo", + "en": "[19] Accordingly, I shall take it that enough has been 52said about Caesar at this time." + }, + { + "id": 13214, + "la": "Nec vero de L Egnatuleio, fortissimo et constantissimo civi amicissimoque rei publicae, silendum arbitror;", + "en": "Nor do I think it fitting that Lucius Egnatuleius, a very brave, most resolute, and patriotic citizen, receive no mention." + }, + { + "id": 13215, + "la": "sed tribuendum testimonium virtutis egregiae, quod is legionem quartam ad Caesarem adduxerit, quae praesidio consulibus, senatui populoque Romano reique publicae esset: ob eam causam placere uti L Egnatuleio triennio ante legitimum tempus magistratus petere, capere, gerere liceat", + "en": "Instead, his conspicuous merit in bringing over the Fourth Legion to Caesar for the protection of the consuls, the senate and the people of Rome, and the Republic, deserves a testimonial: for that reason I move that it please the senate that Lucius Egnatuleius be permitted to stand for, enter upon, and administer public offices three years before the time by law prescribed." + }, + { + "id": 13216, + "la": "In quo, patres conscripti, non tantum commodum tribuitur L Egnatuleio quantus honos: in tali enim re satis est nominari", + "en": "This proposal, Members of the Senate, is more to Lucius Egnatuleius honor than to his practical advantage: in such a case to be named is enough." + }, + { + "id": 13217, + "la": "De exercitu autem C Caris ita censeo decernendum:", + "en": "Now concerning Gaius Caesars army I move the following 53decree:" + }, + { + "id": 13218, + "la": "Senatui placere militibus veteranis qui Caesaris pontificis, auctoritatemque huius ordinis defenderint atque defendant iis liberisque eorum militiae vacationem esse,", + "en": "That it please the senate that the veteran soldiers who, following the authority of Gaius Caesar, pontifex, propraetor, have defended and are defending the freedom of the Roman people and the authority of this body, be granted exemption from military service for themselves and their children;" + }, + { + "id": 13219, + "la": "utique C Pansa A Hirtius consules, alter ambove, si eis videretur, cognoscerent qui ager eis coloniis esset quo milites veterani deducti essent qui contra legem Iuliam possideretur, ut is militibus veteranis divideretur;", + "en": "further, that the consuls Gaius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius, either or both, if they see fit, make inquiry concerning land occupied in contravention of the Julian Law36 appertaining to those colonies in which veteran soldiers have been settled, with a view to the division of such land among the veteran soldiers;" + }, + { + "id": 13220, + "la": "de agro Campano separatim cognoscerent inirentque rationem de commodis militum veteranorum augendis, legionique Martiae et legioni quartae et eis militibus qui de legione secunda, tricesima quinta ad C Pansam A Hirtium consules venissent suaque nomina edidissent, quod eis auctoritas senatus populique Romani libertas carissima sit et fuerit, vacationem militiae ipsis liberisque eorum esse placere extra tumultum Gallicum Italicumque:", + "en": "that they make separate inquiry concerning the Campanian land and investigate means of increasing the benefits of the veteran soldiers; and that it please the senate that the Martian Legion, the Fourth Legion, and those soldiers of the Second and Thirty-fifth Legions who shall have presented themselves before the consuls Gaius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius, and given in their names, in that by doing so they show and have shown their high regard for the authority of the senate and the freedom of the Roman people, be granted exemption from military service for themselves and their children, except in case of a public emergency in Gaul or Italy;" + }, + { + "id": 13221, + "la": "easque legiones bello confecto missas fieri placere;", + "en": "and that it please the senate that those legions be discharged at the end of the war;" + }, + { + "id": 13222, + "la": "quantamque pecuniam militibus earum legionum in singulos C Caesar pontifex, pro praetore pollicitus sit, tantam dari placere;", + "en": "and that it please the senate that money to the amount promised by Gaius Caesar, pontifex, propraetor, to the soldiers of those legions individually be given them;" + }, + { + "id": 13223, + "la": "utique C Pansa A Hirtius consules, alter ambove, si eis videretur, rationem agri habent qui sine iniuria privatorum dividi posset, eisque militibus, legioni Martiae et legioni quartae ita darent, adsignarent ut quibus militibus amplissime dati, adsignati essent.", + "en": "further, that the consuls Gaius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius, either or both, if they see fit, take cognizance of land available for division without prejudice to individuals and do grant and assign such land to the said soldiers, the Martian Legion, and the Fourth Legion in terms no less liberal than any hitherto used in such grants and assignments." + }, + { + "id": 13224, + "la": "Dixi ad ea omnia, consules, de quibus rettulistis: quae si erunt sine mora matureque decreta, facilius apparabitis ea quae tempus et necessitas flagitat", + "en": "I have spoken to all those matters, Consuls, concerning which you have opened discussion. If the decrees are passed promptly and without delay, you will find it easier to make such preparations as the necessity of the situation urgently demands." + }, + { + "id": 13225, + "la": "Celeritate autem opus est: qua si essemus usi, bellum, ut saepe dixi, nullum haberemus", + "en": "But speed is essential: had we used it, we would, as I have often said, have no war on our hands." + }, + { + "id": 13226, + "la": "[1] Audita vobis esse arbitror, Quirites, quae sint acta in senatu, quae fuerit cuiusque sententia", + "en": "[1] I think you have heard, Men of Rome, what has 1taken place in the senate and the views expressed by the several speakers." + }, + { + "id": 13227, + "la": "Res enim ex Kalendis Ianuariis agitata paulo ante confecta est, minus quidem illa severe quam decuit, non tamen omnino dissolute", + "en": "The question that has been at issue since the first of January has just been settled, in a fashion less stringent than befitted, but still not altogether lax." + }, + { + "id": 13228, + "la": "Mora est adlata bello, non causa sublata", + "en": "War has been delayed, but the ground for it has not been removed." + }, + { + "id": 13229, + "la": "Quam ob rem, quod quaesivit ex me P Apuleius, homo et multis officiis mihi et summa familiaritate coniunctus et vobis amicissimus, ita respondebo ut ea quibus non interfuistis nosse possitis", + "en": "So I will reply to the inquiry put to me by Publius Apuleius, to whom I am bound by many good offices and closest friendship and who loves you well, so as to make you acquainted with proceedings at which you were not present." + }, + { + "id": 13230, + "la": "Causa fortissimis optimisque consulibus Kalendis Ianuariis de re publica primum referendi fuit ex eo quod XIII Kalendas Ianuarias senatus me auctore decrevit", + "en": "On the first of January our most courageous and excellent consuls first opened discussion concerning the Republic, an action arising from the decrees passed by the senate on my motion on the twentieth of December.1" + }, + { + "id": 13231, + "la": "Eo die primum, Quirites, fundamenta sunt iacta [sunt] rei publicae: fuit enim longo intervallo ita liber senatus ut vos aliquando liberi essetis", + "en": "On that day, 2Men of Rome, the foundations of the Republic were first laid: for after a long interval the senate was free, so free that at long last you were free." + }, + { + "id": 13232, + "la": "Quo quidem tempore, etiam si ille dies vitae finem mihi adlaturus esset, satis magnum ceperam fuctum, cum vos universi una mente atque voce iterum a me conservatam esse rem publicam conclamastis", + "en": "Even if that day were to have been the last of my life, it would have been fulfillment enough when with one heart and voice you all cried out that I had saved the Republic a second time.2" + }, + { + "id": 13233, + "la": "Hoc vestro iudicio tanto tamque praeclaro excitatus ita Kalendis Ianuariis veni in senatum ut meminissem quam personam impositam a vobis sustinerem", + "en": "Aroused by so weighty and unambiguous a verdict, I entered the senate on the first of January mindful of the role for which you had cast me and which I was sustaining." + }, + { + "id": 13234, + "la": "Itaque bellum nefarium illatum rei publicae cum viderem, nullam moram interponendam insequendi M Antonium putavi, hominemque audacissimum, qui multis nefariis rebus ante commissis hoc tempore imperatorem populi Romani oppugnaret, coloniam vestram fidissimam fortissimamque obsideret, bello censui persequendum", + "en": "And seeing that a wicked war had been launched against the Republic, I considered that no delay should be allowed to hold up going after Marcus Antonius; I gave it as my judgment that war should be waged against this most audacious man, who after many other acts of villainy was at this time attacking an imperator of the Roman people and laying siege to one of your bravest and most loyal colonies.3" + }, + { + "id": 13235, + "la": "Tumultum esse decrevi; iustitium edici, saga sumi dixi placere, quo omnes acrius graviusque incumberent ad ulciscendas rei publicae iniurias, si omnia gravissimi belli insignia suscepta a senatu viderent", + "en": "I proposed a decree recognizing a state of public emergency, I presented a resolution calling for a proclamation to be issued suspending business and for the donning of military cloaks in order that all might press to avenge the injuries of the Republic more intensely and energetically if they saw the senate authorizing all the outward signs of a most serious war." + }, + { + "id": 13236, + "la": "Itaque haec sententia, Quirites, sic per triduum valuit ut, quamquam discessio facta non est, tamen praeter paucos [homines] omnes mihi adsensuri videren", + "en": "Accordingly, 3this proposal of mine, Men of Rome, was so strongly favored for a period of three days that, although no vote was taken, all but a few seemed likely to support me." + }, + { + "id": 13237, + "la": "Hodierno autem die spe nescio qua cis obiecta remissior senatus fuit Nam plures eam sententiam secuti sunt ut, quantum senatus auctoritas vesterque consensus apud Antonium valiturus esset, per legatos experiremur", + "en": "Today, however, the senates determination relaxed a bit after some sort of hope for peace had been held out; and a majority backed the proposal calling for us to test through envoys how much the senates authority and your unanimous sentiment would count with Antonius." + }, + { + "id": 13238, + "la": "[2] Intellego, Quirites, a vobis hanc sententiam repudiari, neque iniuria", + "en": "[2] I realize, Men of Rome, that you repudiate this proposal, and you are not wrong to do so." + }, + { + "id": 13239, + "la": "Ad quem enim legatos?", + "en": "To whom are we sending envoys?" + }, + { + "id": 13240, + "la": "Ad eumne qui pecunia publica dissipata atque effusa, per vim et contra auspicia impositis rei publicae legibus, fugata contione, obsesso senatu, ad opprimendam rem publicam Brundisio legiones arcessierit, ab eis relictus cum latronum manu in Galliam irruperit, Brutum oppugnet, Mutinam circumsedeat?", + "en": "To the man who, after dissipating and pouring out public money, foisting laws on the Republic by violence and against the auspices, putting a meeting of the people to flight, and laying siege to the senate, summoned legions from Brundisium to crush the Republic and, when those abandoned him, burst into Gaul with a band of cutthroats and is now attacking Brutus, besieging Mutina?" + }, + { + "id": 13241, + "la": "Quae vobis potest cum hoc gladiatore condicionis, aequitatis, legationis esse communitas?", + "en": "What common ground can there be between you and this gladiator to form the basis of an understanding, of fair play, of an embassy?" + }, + { + "id": 13242, + "la": "Quamquam, Quirites, non est illa legatio, sed denuntiatio belli, nisi paruerit: ita enim est decretum ut si legati ad Hannibalem mitterentur", + "en": "And yet, Men of 4Rome, that is not an embassy but rather a declaration of war if he does not obey: the decree reads as though envoys were being dispatched to Hannibal." + }, + { + "id": 13243, + "la": "Mittuntur enim qui nuntient ne oppugnet consulem designatum, ne Mutinam obsideat, ne provinciam depopuletur, ne dilectus habeat, sit in senatus populique Romani potestate", + "en": "For they are sent to order him not to attack a consul-elect, not to besiege Mutina, not to lay waste the province, not to levy troops, and to submit to the control of the senate and people of Rome." + }, + { + "id": 13244, + "la": "Facile vero huic denuntiationi parebit, ut in patrum conscriptorum atque in vestra potestate sit qui in sua numquam fuerit!", + "en": "Doubtless he will find it an easy matter to obey this order to submit to your control and that of the senators'a man who was never in control of himself!" + }, + { + "id": 13245, + "la": "Quid enim ille umquam arbitrio suo fecit?", + "en": "What did he ever do by his own free will?" + }, + { + "id": 13246, + "la": "Semper eo tractus est quo libido rapuit, quo levitas, quo furor, quo vinolentia; semper eum duo dissimilia genera uerunt, lenonum et latronum", + "en": "Always he has been dragged in the wake of lust, frivolity, madness, drunkenness; always two quite different types of men have had him in their grip: pimps and robbers." + }, + { + "id": 13247, + "la": "Ita domesticis stupris, forensibus parricidiis delectatur ut mulieri citius avarissimae paruerit quam senatui populoque Romano", + "en": "Such pleasure does he take in private debauchery and public murders that he preferred to obey a thoroughly rapacious female4 rather than the senate and people of Rome." + }, + { + "id": 13248, + "la": "[3] Itaque, quod paulo ante feci in senatu, faciam apud vos: testificor, denuntio, ante praedico nihil M Antonium eorum quae sunt legatis mandata facturum: vastaturum agros, Mutinam obsessurum, dilectus qua possit habiturum", + "en": "[3] And so I shall do before you what I 5have just done in the senate: I testify, I warn, I predict in advance that Marcus Antonius will not carry out a single item in the envoys commission: he will ravage the country, he will besiege Mutina, he will levy troops where he can." + }, + { + "id": 13249, + "la": "Is est enim ille qui semper senatus iudicium et auctoritatem, semper voluntatem vestram potestatemque contempserit", + "en": "For he is a man who has always flouted the judgment and authority of the senate, as he has your will and power." + }, + { + "id": 13250, + "la": "An ille id faciat quod paulo ante decretum est, ut exercitum citra men , qui finis est Galliae, educeret, dum ne propius urbem Romam ducenta milia admoveret?", + "en": "Or is he likely to do what has just been decreed and withdraw his army to this side of the river Rubicon, the boundary of Gaul, but not bring it within less than two hundred miles of the city of Rome?" + }, + { + "id": 13251, + "la": "Huic denuntiationi ille pareat, ille se fluvio Rubicone, ducentis milibus circumscriptum esse patiatur?", + "en": "Is he likely to obey such an order, to let himself be circumscribed by the river Rubicon and by a two-hundred-mile limit?" + }, + { + "id": 13252, + "la": "Non is est Antonius Nam si esset, non commisisset ut ei senatus tamquam Hannibali initio belli Punici denuntiaret ne oppugnaret Saguntum", + "en": "No, this is not like Antonius. If it were, he would never 6have so acted as to receive such a message, like Hannibal at the beginning of the Punic War, warned by the senate not to attack Saguntum." + }, + { + "id": 13253, + "la": "Quod vero ita avocatur a Mutina ut ab urbe tamquam pestifera flamma arceatur, quam habet ignominiam, quod iudicium senatus!", + "en": "Now he is ordered off from Mutina in such a fashion that he is barred from the city like a destructive conflagration: what a disgrace, what a censure by the senate does that entail!" + }, + { + "id": 13254, + "la": "Quid quod a senatu dantur mandata legatis ut D Brutum que eius adeant eisque demonstrent summa in rem publicam merita beneficiaque eorum grata esse senatui populoque Romano eisque eam rem magnae laudi magnoque honori fore?", + "en": "Add to this the fact that the envoys are also commissioned by the senate to proceed to Decimus Brutus and his troops and make clear to them that their fine services and benefactions to the Republic are appreciated by the senate and people of Rome and that their conduct will be to their great credit and honor." + }, + { + "id": 13255, + "la": "Passurumne censetis Antonium introire Mutinam legatos, exire inde tuto?", + "en": "Do you suppose Antonius will allow the envoys to enter Mutina or to leave the place in safety?" + }, + { + "id": 13256, + "la": "Numquam patietur, mihi credite", + "en": "He never will, take my word." + }, + { + "id": 13257, + "la": "Novi vi[n]olentiam, novi impudentiam, novi audaciam", + "en": "I know his violence, his shamelessness, his audacity." + }, + { + "id": 13258, + "la": "Nec vero de illo sicut de homine aliquo debemus, sed ut de importunissima belua cogitare", + "en": "And truly we should not think of him as a human being, 7but as the most relentless sort of beast." + }, + { + "id": 13259, + "la": "Quae cum ita sint, non omnino dissolutum est quod decrevit senatus: habet atrocitatis aliquid legatio: utinam nihil haberet morae!", + "en": "Given these facts, what the senate decreed is not altogether remiss: the embassy carries a certain amount of bite. I only wish it involved no delay!" + }, + { + "id": 13260, + "la": "Nam cum plerisque in rebus gerendis tarditas et procrastinatio odiosa est, tum hoc bellum indiget celeritatis", + "en": "While tardiness and procrastination are annoying in warfare generally, this war particularly calls for speed." + }, + { + "id": 13261, + "la": "Succurrendum est D Bruto, omnes undique copiae colligendae; operam exhibere nullam in tali cive liberando sine scelere non possumus", + "en": "We have to come to Decimus Brutus aid; all forces must be assembled from every quarter; taking no action for the liberation of such a fellow countryman will necessarily mean that we are committing a crime." + }, + { + "id": 13262, + "la": "An ille non potuit, si Antonium consulem, si Galliam Antoni provinciam iudicasset, legiones Antonio et provinciam tradere, domum redire, triumphare, primus in hoc ordine, quoad magistratum iniret, sententiam dicere?", + "en": "Yet, if 8Brutus had thought of Antonius as consul and of Gaul as Antonius province, could he not have handed over the legions and the province to Antonius and returned home, celebrated a triumph, spoken first in this body until he came into office?5" + }, + { + "id": 13263, + "la": "Quid negoti fuit?", + "en": "What was the matter?" + }, + { + "id": 13264, + "la": "Sed cum se Brutum esse meminisset vestraeque libertati natum, non otio suo, quid egit aliud nisi ut paene corpore suo Gallia prohiberet Antonium?", + "en": "But since he remembered 9that he is a Brutus, born for your freedom,6 not his own comfort, what else did he do but block Antonius entry into Gaul almost with his own body?" + }, + { + "id": 13265, + "la": "Ad hunc utrum legatos an legiones ire oportebat?", + "en": "Which should we have sent to this man, envoys or legions?" + }, + { + "id": 13266, + "la": "Sed praeterita omittamus: properent legati, quod video esse facturos; vos saga parate", + "en": "But let us not dwell on what is past: let the envoys make haste, as I see they will; you, on your side, get your military cloaks ready." + }, + { + "id": 13267, + "la": "Est enim ita decretum ut, si ille auctoritati senatus non paruisset, ad saga iretur", + "en": "For it is so decreed: if he does not obey the authority of the senate, all shall put on military cloaks." + }, + { + "id": 13268, + "la": "Ibitur; non parebit: nos amissos tot dies rei gendae queremur", + "en": "That is what will happen; he will not obey. But we shall lament that so many days for action have been lost." + }, + { + "id": 13269, + "la": "[4] Non metuo, Quirites, ne, cum audierit Antonius, me hoc et in senatu et in contione confirmasse, numquam illum futurum in senatus potestate, refellendi mei causa, ut ego nihil vidisse videar, vertat se et senatui pareat", + "en": "[4] I am not afraid, Men of Rome, that when Antonius hears I have asserted both in the senate and before a meeting of the people that he will never submit to the control of the senate, he will turn around and obey the senate in order to refute me, so that I seem to have been blind." + }, + { + "id": 13270, + "la": "Numquam faciet; non invidebit huic meae gloriae; malet me sapientem a vobis quam se modestum existimari", + "en": "He will never do that; he will not begrudge me this credit. He will prefer you to think me shrewd than to think him well-behaved." + }, + { + "id": 13271, + "la": "Quid? Ipse si velit, num etiam Lucium fratrem passurum arbitramur?", + "en": "Again, even if he himself were to be willing, do we 10suppose that his brother Lucius will allow it?" + }, + { + "id": 13272, + "la": "Nuper quidem dicitur ad Tibur, ut opinor, cum ei labare M Antonius videretur, mortem fratri esse minitatus", + "en": "Not long ago, near Tibur I think, Lucius is said to have threatened his brother with death, when he thought Marcus Antonius was wavering." + }, + { + "id": 13273, + "la": "Etiamne ab hoc myrmillone Asiatico senatus mandata, legatorum verba audientur?", + "en": "Will the senates commission, the words of the envoys, be listened to even by this myrmillo from Asia?7" + }, + { + "id": 13274, + "la": "Nec enim secerni a fratre poterit, tanta praesertim auctoritate", + "en": "For it will be impossible to separate him from his brother, especially as he enjoys such great authority." + }, + { + "id": 13275, + "la": "Nam hic inter illos Africanus est: pluris habetur quam L Trebellius, pluris quam T Plancus", + "en": "For in that company he is the Africanus:8 he stands in higher regard than Lucius Trebellius, higher than Titus Plancus." + }, + { + "id": 13276, + "la": "Videte quantum exsiluerit adulescens nobilis!", + "en": "Look how that young nobleman leaps for joy!" + }, + { + "id": 13277, + "la": "Plancum, qui omnibus sententiis maximo vestro plausu condemnatus nescio quo modo se coniecit in turbam atque ita maestus redit ut retractus, non reversus videretur, sic contemnit tamquam si illi aqua et igni interdictum sit: aliquando negat ei locum esse oportere in curia qui incenderit curiam", + "en": "Plancus, who was found guilty by a unanimous verdict,10 to loud applause from you, and who somehow or other threw himself into the crowd and came back so dejected that he looked as though he had been hauled back, not returned of his own accord'Plancus is despised by Antonius, as though he were an exile. Sometimes he remarks that a man who set the senate-house on fire has no business to sit there." + }, + { + "id": 13278, + "la": "Nam Trebellium valde iam diligit: oderat tum, cum ille tabulis novis adversabatur; iam fert in oculis, postea quam ipsum Trebellium vidit sine tabulis novis salvum esse non posse", + "en": "And 11for Trebellius Antonius now has great regard. He used to hate him at the time when Trebellius was opposing the cancellation of debts;11 but now Trebellius is the apple of his eye, ever since Antonius saw that Trebellius himself cannot survive without the cancellation of debts." + }, + { + "id": 13279, + "la": "Audisse enim vos arbitror, Quirites, quod etiam videre potuistis, cotidie sponsores et creditores L Trebelli convenire", + "en": "For I think you have heard, Men of Rome'you could have actually seen it'that Lucius Trebellius sureties and creditors are meeting every day." + }, + { + "id": 13280, + "la": "O Fides!'hoc enim opinor Trebellium sumpsisse cognomen'quae potest esse maior fides quam fraudare creditores, domo profugere, propter aes alienum ire ad arma?", + "en": "Oh Faith!'I think Trebellius has taken that word as an additional element of his name'what greater faith than to defraud ones creditors, flee from home, join the army under pressure of debt?" + }, + { + "id": 13281, + "la": "Ubi plausus ille in triumpho est, saepe ludis, ubi aedilitas delata summo studio bonorum?", + "en": "Where now is that applause at the triumph,12 and often at the games, where is that aedileship conferred with the enthusiastic support of decent men?" + }, + { + "id": 13282, + "la": "Quis est qui hunc non casu existimet recte fecisse, nequitia sceleste?", + "en": "Can anybody doubt that his good behavior was due to chance, his criminality to a worthless character?" + }, + { + "id": 13283, + "la": "[5] Sed redeo ad amores deliciasque vestras, L Antonium, qui vos omnis in fidem suam recepit", + "en": "[5] But I return to your13 favorite, your darling Lucius 12Antonius, who has taken you all under his wing." + }, + { + "id": 13284, + "la": "Negatis? Num quisnam est vestrum qui tribum non habeat? Certe nemo", + "en": "You say not? Is there any of you who does not have a tribe? Certainly not." + }, + { + "id": 13285, + "la": "Atqui illum quinque et triginta tribus patronum adoptarunt Rursus reclamatis?", + "en": "Well, the thirty-five tribes chose him as their patron. Again you protest?" + }, + { + "id": 13286, + "la": "Aspicite illam a sinistra equestrem statuam inauratam, in qua quid inscriptum est?", + "en": "Look at that gilt equestrian statue to the left. What does its inscription say?" + }, + { + "id": 13287, + "la": "Quinque et triginta tribus patrono.", + "en": "The thirty-five tribes to their patron." + }, + { + "id": 13288, + "la": "Populi Romani igitur est patronus L Antonius", + "en": "So Lucius Antonius is patron of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 13289, + "la": "Malam quidem illi pestem! Clamori enim vestro adsentior", + "en": "To the devil with him! I agree with your shouts." + }, + { + "id": 13290, + "la": "Non modo hic latro, quem clientem habere nemo velit, sed quis umquam tantis opibus, tantis rebus gestis fuit qui se populi Romani victoris dominique omnium gentium patronum dicere auderet?", + "en": "Who ever had so great a position, such a record of achievement as to dare to call himself the patron of the Roman people, conqueror and lord of all nations?'let alone this brigand whom nobody would want to have as a client." + }, + { + "id": 13291, + "la": "In foro L Antoni statuam videmus, sicut illam Q Tremuli, qui Hernicos devicit, ante Castoris", + "en": "We see a statue of Lucius Antonius in the Forum, like 13that of Quintus Tremulus, who conquered the Hernicans, in front of the Temple of Castor." + }, + { + "id": 13292, + "la": "O impudentiam incredibilem!", + "en": "Oh the unbelievable effrontery!" + }, + { + "id": 13293, + "la": "Tantumne sibi sumpsit, quia Mylasis myrmillo Thraecem iugulavit, familiarem suum?", + "en": "Did he take upon himself so much because as a myrmillo he killed at Mylasa a Thracian-style gladiator,14 one of his companions?" + }, + { + "id": 13294, + "la": "Quonam modo istum ferre possemus, si in hoc foro spectantibus vobis depugnasset? Sed haec una statua", + "en": "How could we bear this man, if he had fought the contest in this Forum before your very eyes? But this is only one statue." + }, + { + "id": 13295, + "la": "Altera equitibus Romanis equo publico: qui item ascribunt, patrono.", + "en": "There is another from the Roman knights with public horses:15 they too inscribe it to our patron." + }, + { + "id": 13296, + "la": "Quem umquam iste ordo patronum adoptavit? Si quemquam, debuit me", + "en": "Whom did this order ever adopt as patron? If anybody, it ought to have adopted me.16" + }, + { + "id": 13297, + "la": "Sed me omitto: quem censorem, quem imperatorem? Agrum eis divisit", + "en": "But I leave myself out of account: what censor, what imperator has it adopted? Lucius Antonius divided land among them." + }, + { + "id": 13298, + "la": "O sordidos qui acceperunt, improbum qui dedit!", + "en": "How shabby were the recipients, how shameless the giver!" + }, + { + "id": 13299, + "la": "Statuerunt etiam tribuni militares qui in exercitu Caesaris bis fuerunt", + "en": "Yet 14another statue was put up by those who were twice military tribunes in Caesars army." + }, + { + "id": 13300, + "la": "Quis est iste ordo? Multi fuerunt multis in legionibus per tot annos", + "en": "What category is this? There were many in many legions throughout all those years." + }, + { + "id": 13301, + "la": "Eis quoque divisit Semurium Campus Martius restabat, nisi prius cum fratre fugisset", + "en": "For them too he divided land, the Semurian territory. The Field of Mars remained to be divided up, if he had not taken to his heels with his brother." + }, + { + "id": 13302, + "la": "Sed haec agrorum adsignatio paulo ante, Quirites, L Caesaris, clarissimi viri et praestantissimi senatoris, sententia dissoluta est: huic enim adsensi septemvirum acta sustulimus", + "en": "However, this allocation of lands, Men of Rome, has just been annulled by the proposal of that illustrious gentleman and outstanding senator Lucius Caesar; we assented to his proposal and canceled the acts of the Board of Seven." + }, + { + "id": 13303, + "la": "Iacent beneficia Nuculae; friget patronus Antonius", + "en": "Nuculas favors are a dead letter; patron Antonius is left out in the cold." + }, + { + "id": 13304, + "la": "Nam possessores animo aequiore discedent: nullam impensam fecerant;", + "en": "As for the occupiers, they will leave without too much distress: they had not incurred any expenses." + }, + { + "id": 13305, + "la": "nondum instruxerant, partim quia non confidebant, partim quia non habebant", + "en": "They had not yet equipped their holdings, some from lack of confidence, others from lack of money." + }, + { + "id": 13306, + "la": "Sed illa statua palmaris de qua, si meliora tempora essent, non possem sine risu dicere", + "en": "But then there is the statue that 15takes the prize, about which I would not be able to speak without laughing if the times were better." + }, + { + "id": 13307, + "la": "L Antonio a Iano Medio patrono. Itane? Iam Ianus Medius in L Antoni clientela est?", + "en": "To Lucius Antonius, our patron, from the Exchange.19 Really? Is the Exchange now numbered among Lucius Antonius clientele?" + }, + { + "id": 13308, + "la": "Quis umquam in illo Iano inventus est qui L Antonio mille nummum ferret expensum?", + "en": "Who was ever found in that Exchange to lend Lucius Antonius a thousand sesterces?" + }, + { + "id": 13309, + "la": "[6] Sed nimis multa de nugis: ad causam bellumque redeamus;", + "en": "[6] But I have dwelt too long on trifles: let us get back to our cause and our war." + }, + { + "id": 13310, + "la": "quamquam non alienum fuit personas quasdam a vobis recognosci, ut quibuscum bellum gereretur possetis taciti cogitare", + "en": "All the same, it was not irrelevant for you to pass in review certain personalities, so that in your own minds you could think about the kind of people against whom war is being waged." + }, + { + "id": 13311, + "la": "Ego autem vos hortor, Quirites, ut, etiam si melius aliud fuit, tamen legatorum reditum [legatorum] exspectetis animo aequo", + "en": "Now I urge you, Men of Rome, to wait calmly for the return of the envoys, even though a different course would have been better." + }, + { + "id": 13312, + "la": "Celeritas detracta de causa est; boni tamen aliquid accessit ad causam", + "en": "The cause has lost something in speed, but the cause has gained something too." + }, + { + "id": 13313, + "la": "Cum enim legati renuntiarint quod certe renuntiabunt, non in vestra potestate, non in senatus esse Antonium, quis erit tam improbus civis qui illum civem habendum putet?", + "en": "For when the envoys 16report, as report they surely will, that Antonius is not in your control, nor in the senates, who will be so wicked a citizen as to think that this man should be considered a citizen?" + }, + { + "id": 13314, + "la": "Nunc enim sunt pauci illi quidem, sed tamen plures quam re publica dignum est, qui ita loquantur: Ne legatos quidem exspectabimus?", + "en": "At present there are some, few to be sure but more than befits the Republic, who say: Are we not even going to wait for the envoys?" + }, + { + "id": 13315, + "la": "Istam certe vocem simulationemque clementiae extorquebit istis res ipsa [publica]", + "en": "The event itself will wrench that slogan, that pretense of clemency, away from them." + }, + { + "id": 13316, + "la": "Quo etiam, ut confitear vobis, Quirites, minus hodierno die contendi, minus laboravi, ut mihi senatus adsentiens tumultum decerneret, saga sumi iuberet", + "en": "For that reason, Men of Rome, to be frank with you, I put up less of a fight today, I made less of an effort to have the senate adopt my proposal to decree a public emergency and order the wearing of military cloaks." + }, + { + "id": 13317, + "la": "Malui viginti diebus post sententiam meam laudari ab omnibus quam a paucis hodie vituperari", + "en": "I preferred my proposal to be praised by everyone in twenty days time20 than blamed by a few today." + }, + { + "id": 13318, + "la": "Quapropter, Quirites, exspectate legatorum reditum et paucorum dierum molestiam devorate", + "en": "Therefore, Men of Rome, wait for 17the return of the envoys and swallow a few days inconvenience." + }, + { + "id": 13319, + "la": "Qui cum redierint, si pacem adferent, cupidum me, si bellum, providum iudicatote", + "en": "When they return, if they bring peace, regard me as overly zealous, if war, as provident." + }, + { + "id": 13320, + "la": "An ego non provideam meis civibus, non dies noctesque de vestra libertate, de rei publicae salute cogitem?", + "en": "Should I not look ahead for my fellow countrymen? Should I not be thinking day and night about your freedom and the safety of the Republic?" + }, + { + "id": 13321, + "la": "Quid enim non debeo vobis, Quirites, quem vos e ortum hominibus nobilissimis omnibus honoribus praetulistis?", + "en": "What debt, Men of Rome, do I not owe to you, since you chose me, a man whose family starts with himself, for all offices ahead of the noblest citizens?" + }, + { + "id": 13322, + "la": "An ingratus sum? Quis minus? Qui partis honoribus eosdem in foro gessi labores quos petendis", + "en": "Am I ungrateful? Who shows less ingratitude? When I had gained offices, I went on working in the Forum just as when I was seeking them." + }, + { + "id": 13323, + "la": "Rudis in re publica? Quis excitatior? Qui viginti iam nos bellum geram cum impiis civibus", + "en": "Am I a novice in public life? Who has more experience? For I have been waging war against treacherous citizens for twenty years." + }, + { + "id": 13324, + "la": "Quam ob rem, Quirites, consilio quantum potero, labore plus paene quam potero, excubabo, vigilaboque pro vobis", + "en": "Therefore, Men of Rome, I shall be on the alert and 18keep watch for you by means of my counsel, the best I shall be able to offer, and by means of my labor, which will almost exceed my power." + }, + { + "id": 13325, + "la": "Etenim quis est civis, praesertim hoc gradu quo me vos esse voluistis, tam oblitus benefici vestri, tam immemor patriae, tam inimicus dignitati suae quem non excitet, non inflammet tantus vester iste consensus?", + "en": "After all, is any citizen, especially of the rank to which you have been pleased to advance me, so forgetful of your favor, so unmindful of his native land, so inimical to his own standing, as not to be aroused and fired by this tremendous unanimity of yours?" + }, + { + "id": 13326, + "la": "Multas magnasque habui consul contiones, multis interfui: nullam umquam vidi tantam quanta nunc vestrum est", + "en": "As consul, I held many great public meetings; I took part in many more: never have I seen one so large as yours today." + }, + { + "id": 13327, + "la": "Unum sentitis omnes, unum studetis, M Antoni conatus avertere a re publica, furorem exstinguere, opprimere audaciam", + "en": "You all have one sentiment, one desire: to turn Marcus Antonius designs away from the Republic, to quench his fury, crush his audacity." + }, + { + "id": 13328, + "la": "Idem volunt omnes ordines; eodem incumbunt municipia, coloniae, cuncta Italia", + "en": "All classes want the same thing; the municipalities, the colonies, all Italy are putting their shoulders to the same wheel." + }, + { + "id": 13329, + "la": "Itaque senatum bene sua sponte firmum firmiorem vestra auctoritate fecistis", + "en": "And so the senate, commendably firm of its own volition, has been made firmer by your backing." + }, + { + "id": 13330, + "la": "Venit tempus, Quirites, serius omnino quam dignum populo Romano fuit, sed tamen ita maturum ut differri iam hora non possit", + "en": "The time has come, Men of Rome, later than befitted the 19Roman people, it is true, but still just at the right moment so that it cannot be deferred another hour." + }, + { + "id": 13331, + "la": "Fuit aliquis fatalis casus, ut ita dicam, quem tulimus, quoquo modo ferendus fuit: nunc si quis erit, erit voluntarius", + "en": "What may be called a fate-ordained misfortune befell us,21 which we endured as best we could. If anything of the kind happens now, it will be of our own choice." + }, + { + "id": 13332, + "la": "Populum Romanum servire fas non est, quem di immortales omnibus gentibus imperare voluerunt", + "en": "It is against divine law for the Roman people to be enslaved, since the immortal gods willed that they rule over all nations." + }, + { + "id": 13333, + "la": "Res in extremum est adducta discrimen; de libertate decernitur", + "en": "The ultimate crisis is upon us; freedom is at stake." + }, + { + "id": 13334, + "la": "Aut vincatis oportet, Quirites, quod profecto et pietate vestra et tanta concordia consequemini, aut quidvis potius quam serviatis", + "en": "Either you must be victorious, Men of Rome, as you surely will be thanks to your patriotism and your strong united will, or'anything but slavery." + }, + { + "id": 13335, + "la": "Aliae nationes servitutem pati possunt, populi Romani est propria libertas", + "en": "Other nations can endure servitude, but the birthright of the Roman people is freedom." + }, + { + "id": 13336, + "la": "[1] Parvis de rebus sed fortasse necessariis consulimur, patres conscripti", + "en": "[1] We are being consulted, Members of the Senate,1 about minor but perhaps mandatory matters." + }, + { + "id": 13337, + "la": "De Appia via et de Moneta consul, de Lupercis tribunus plebis refert", + "en": "The consul raises the issues of the Via Appia and the Mint; a tribune of the plebs raises the issue of the Luperci.1" + }, + { + "id": 13338, + "la": "Quarum rerum etsi facilis explicatio videtur, tamen animus aberrat a sententia suspensus curis maioribus", + "en": "Dealing with these items seems to offer no difficulty, but the mind strays from a proposal, held in suspense by larger anxieties." + }, + { + "id": 13339, + "la": "Adducta est enim, patres conscripti, res in maximum periculum et in extremum paene discrimen", + "en": "For the situation has reached a peak of danger, Members of the Senate, and almost the ultimate crisis." + }, + { + "id": 13340, + "la": "Non sine causa legatorum istam missionem semper timui, numquam probavi: quorum reditus quid sit adlaturus ignoro; exspectatio quidem quantum adferat languoris animis quis non videt?", + "en": "It was not for nothing that I feared that mission of envoys, never approved of it: what their return will bring I do not know, but the great slackening of mens spirits which the waiting brings is plain to everyone." + }, + { + "id": 13341, + "la": "Non enim se tenent ei qui senatum dolent ad auctoritatis pristinae spem revirescere, coniunctum huic ordini populum Romanum, conspirantem Italiam, paratos exercitus, expeditos duces", + "en": "No effort is being spared by those who are sorry to see the senate reinvigorated in the hope of regaining its old authority, sorry to see the Roman people leagued with this body, Italy in unison, the armies prepared, the generals ready." + }, + { + "id": 13342, + "la": "Iam nunc fingunt responsa Antoni eaque defendunt", + "en": "They are already inventing answers of Antonius and defending2 them." + }, + { + "id": 13343, + "la": "Alii postulare illum ut omnes exercitus dimittantur: scilicet legatos ad eum misimus, non ut pareret et dicto audiens esset huic ordini, sed ut condiciones ferret, leges imponeret, reserare nos exteris gentibus Italiam iuberet, se praesertim incolumi a quo maius periculum quam ab ullis nationibus extimescendum est", + "en": "Some say he is demanding that all armies be dismissed: I suppose we sent envoys to him, not for him to obey and bow to the will of this body, but to have him state terms, impose conditions, order us to open Italy to foreign peoples, while he himself, from whom there is worse to fear than from any tribes, keeps his position intact." + }, + { + "id": 13344, + "la": "Alii remittere eum nobis Galliam citeriorem, illam ultimam postulare: praeclare, ex qua non legiones solum sed etiam nationes ad urbem conetur adducere", + "en": "Others3 say he is turning over Hither Gaul to us and demanding that outer province: wonderful!'from where he can try to bring up not merely legions but tribes against the city." + }, + { + "id": 13345, + "la": "Alii nihil eum iam nisi modeste postulare Macedoniam", + "en": "Others say his only demand now is the moderate one for Macedonia." + }, + { + "id": 13346, + "la": "Suam vocat omnino, quoniam Gaius frater est inde revocatus", + "en": "He calls it absolutely his own, seeing that his brother Gaius has been recalled from it.2" + }, + { + "id": 13347, + "la": "Sed quae provincia est ex qua illa fax excitare non possit incendium?", + "en": "But what province is there from which such a firebrand cannot start a conflagration?" + }, + { + "id": 13348, + "la": "Itaque idem quasi providi cives et senatores diligentes bellicum me cecinisse dicunt, suscipiunt pacis patrocinium", + "en": "And so these same people, posing as provident citizens and conscientious senators, say that I have blown the trumpet of war, and they set themselves up as advocates of peace." + }, + { + "id": 13349, + "la": "Nonne sic disputant?", + "en": "Does their line of argument not go like this?" + }, + { + "id": 13350, + "la": "Irritatum Antonium non oportuit: nequam est homo ille atque confidens; multi praeterea improbi, quos quidem a se primum numerare possunt qui haec loquuntur; eos cavendos esse denuntiant", + "en": "Antonius should not have been provoked; he is a bad and self-assured man. And there are many criminals besides'those who talk this way may as well begin the list with their own names'they warn us to beware of these." + }, + { + "id": 13351, + "la": "Utrum igitur in nefariis civibus ulciscendi, cum possis, an pertimescendi diligentior cautio est?", + "en": "Well, when you are dealing with villainous citizens, which is the safer precaution, to take vengeance when you can or be frightened?" + }, + { + "id": 13352, + "la": "[2] Atque haec ei loquuntur qui quondam propter levitatem populares habebantur", + "en": "[2] And those who talk in this vein are the men who because4 of their fickleness used to be called peoples men." + }, + { + "id": 13353, + "la": "Ex quo intellegi potest animo illos abhorruisse semper ab optimo civitatis statu, non voluntate fuisse popularis", + "en": "Hence we can see that all along they disliked the best condition of the community, and that they were not peoples men by inclination." + }, + { + "id": 13354, + "la": "Qui enim evenit ut, qui in rebus improbis populares fuerint, idem in re una maxime populari, quod eadem salutaris rei publicae sit, improbos se quam popularis esse malint?", + "en": "How else does it happen that the same folk who were peoples men in evil causes, prefer to be criminal rather than popular in the most popular cause that ever was, because it is also for the good of the Republic?" + }, + { + "id": 13355, + "la": "Me quidem semper, uti scitis, adversarium multitudinis temeritati haec fecit praeclarissima causa popularem", + "en": "As you know, I have always opposed the capriciousness of the crowd, but this splendid cause has made a peoples man of me." + }, + { + "id": 13356, + "la": "Et quidem dicuntur vel potius se ipsi dicunt consularis: quo nomine dignus est nemo, nisi qui tanti honoris onus potest sustinere", + "en": "And these men are called consulars,5 or rather that is what they call themselves: nobody deserves that name unless he can support the burden of so great an honor." + }, + { + "id": 13357, + "la": "Faveas tu hosti, ille litteras ad te mittat de sua spe rerum secundarum, eas tu laetus proferas, recites, describendas etiam des improbis civibus, eorum augeas animos, bonorum spem virtutemque debilites; et te consularem aut senatorem, denique civem putes?", + "en": "Are you,4 sir, to back the enemy? Is he to send you letters about his hopes of success? Are you to produce them with a smile on your face, read them aloud, even give them to wicked citizens to copy, hearten such, sap the hope and courage of decent men? And then are you to regard yourself as a consular or a senator, or even a citizen?" + }, + { + "id": 13358, + "la": "Accipiet in optimam partem C Pansa, fortissimus consul atque optimus; etenim dicam animo amicissimo: hunc ipsum, mihi hominem familiarissimum, nisi talis consul esset ut omnis vigilias, curas, cogitationes in rei publicae salute defigeret, consulem non putarem", + "en": "Gaius Pansa, our most courageous and excellent consul, will take what I am about to say in very good part, for I shall speak in the friendliest spirit: even him, my intimate friend, I should not consider a consul if he were not a consul who concentrates all his watching, worrying, and thinking upon the safety of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 13359, + "la": "Quamquam nos ab ineunte illius aetate usus, consuetudo, studiorum etiam honestissimorum societas similitudoque devinxit, eiusdemque cura incredibilis in asperrimis belli civilis periculis perspecta docuit non modo salutis sed etiam dignitatis meae fuisse fautorem, tamen eundem, ut dixi, nisi talis consul esset, negare esse consulem auderem:", + "en": "Ever since his coming6 of age, we have been linked by friendly intercourse and, furthermore, by our similarity and association in the most honorable pursuits. And in the most alarming situations during the civil war the unbelievable concern I saw on his part showed that he was anxious not only for my safety but for my dignity.5 And yet, despite all this, as I said, I would not hesitate to declare him no consul at all, if he were not the consul he is." + }, + { + "id": 13360, + "la": "idem non modo consulem esse dico sed memoria mea praestantissimum atque optimum consulem, non quin pari virtute et voluntate alii fuerint, sed tantam causam non habuerunt in qua et voluntatem suam et virtutem declararent", + "en": "At the same time, I declare that he not only is a consul, but the most outstanding and excellent consul I can remember; not that others were not possessed of equal ability and goodwill, but they had no such great cause in which to demonstrate both their goodwill and their ability." + }, + { + "id": 13361, + "la": "Huius magnitudini animi, gravitati, sapientiae tempestas est oblata formidolosissimi temporis", + "en": "Pansas high-mindedness, responsibility, and wisdom have been challenged by a political storm involving a most terrifying crisis." + }, + { + "id": 13362, + "la": "Tum autem illustratur consulatus, cum gubernat rem publicam, si non optabili, at necessario tempore", + "en": "Now a consulship comes into the limelight when it guides the Republic, at a crucial, if undesired, juncture." + }, + { + "id": 13363, + "la": "Magis autem necessarium, patres conscripti, nullum tempus umquam fuit", + "en": "But no juncture, Members of the Senate, has ever been more crucial than the present." + }, + { + "id": 13364, + "la": "[3] Itaque ego ille qui semper pacis auctor fui cuique pax, praesertim civilis, quamquam omnibus bonis, tamen in primis fuit optabilis'omne enim curriculum industriae nostrae in foro, in curia, in amicorum periculis propulsandis elaboratum est;", + "en": "[3] Therefore, I am a man who has always been an advocate of peace, and although all decent men desire peace, especially peace between fellow countrymen, I have desired it more than most. My round of activity has always been worked out in the Forum, in the senate-house, in warding off danger from friends;" + }, + { + "id": 13365, + "la": "hinc honores amplissimos, hinc mediocris opes, hinc dignitatem si quam habemus consecuti sumus'ego igitur pacis, ut ita dicam, alumnus, qui quantuscumque sum (nihil enim mihi adrogo) sine pace civili certe non fuissem'periculose dico:", + "en": "that is how I have won the highest honors, moderate wealth, and any prestige I may enjoy. Therefore, I, a foster child of peace so to speak, who,8 however great I am(I make no arrogant claims for myself), certainly should not have been what I am without peace in the community'I speak at my peril," + }, + { + "id": 13366, + "la": "quem ad modum accepturi, patres conscripti, sitis, horreo, sed pro mea perpetua cupiditate vestrae dignitatis retinendae et augendae quaeso oroque vos, patres conscripti, ut primo, etsi erit vel acerbum auditu vel incredibile a M Cicerone esse dictum, accipiatis sine offensione quod dixero, neve id prius quam quale sit explicaro repudietis'", + "en": "Members of the Senate, and I tremble to think how you are going to receive this; but I beg and beseech you, Members of the Senate, bearing in mind my unflagging zeal for the maintenance and enhancement of your prestige, first of all to receive what I am about to say without offense and not to repudiate it until I have explained its meaning, even though the words grate upon your ears and you can scarcely believe they are Marcus Ciceros:" + }, + { + "id": 13367, + "la": "ego ille, dicam saepius, pacis semper laudator, semper auctor, pacem cum M Antonio esse nolo", + "en": "I, a constant encomiast and advocate of peace (I shall state that repeatedly), am against peace with Marcus Antonius." + }, + { + "id": 13368, + "la": "Magna spe ingredior in reliquam orationem, patres conscripti, quoniam periculosissimum locum silentio sum praetervectus", + "en": "I enter upon the rest of my speech with high hope, Members of the Senate, inasmuch as I have passed the most dangerous point without a sound of protest." + }, + { + "id": 13369, + "la": "Cur igitur pacem nolo? Quia turpis est, quia periculosa, quia esse non potest", + "en": "Why, then, am I against peace? Because it is dishonorable,9 because it is dangerous, because it is impossible." + }, + { + "id": 13370, + "la": "Quae tria dum explico, peto a vobis, patres conscripti, ut eadem benignitate qua soletis mea verba audiatis", + "en": "And while I explain these three points, Members of the Senate, I ask you to listen to my words with your customary benevolence." + }, + { + "id": 13371, + "la": "Quid est inconstantia, levitate, mobilitate cum singulis hominibus, tum vero universo senatui turpius?", + "en": "Is anything more dishonorable not only to individuals but especially to the entire senate than inconsistency, irresponsibility, fickleness?" + }, + { + "id": 13372, + "la": "Quid porro inconstantius quam quem modo hostem non verbo sed re multis decretis iudicaritis, cum hoc subito pacem velle coniungi?", + "en": "And could anything be more inconsistent than suddenly to want peace made with a man whom in many recent decrees you have declared a public enemy, not in word but in substance?" + }, + { + "id": 13373, + "la": "Nisi vero, cum C Caesari meritos illi quidem honores et debitos, sed tamen singularis et immortalis decrevistis, unam ob causam quod contra M Antonium exercitum comparavisset, non hostem tum Antonium iudicavistis, nec tum hostis est a vobis iudicatus Antonius cum laudati auctoritate vestra veterani milites qui C Caesarem secuti essent, nec tum hostem Antonium iudicastis cum fortissimis legionibus, quod illum qui consul appellabatur, cum esset hostis, reliquissent, vacationes, pecunias, agros spopondistis", + "en": "Or did you not declare10 Antonius an enemy when you conferred upon Gaius Caesar honors that were, to be sure, his right and due, but nonetheless extraordinary and everlasting, solely in recognition of the fact he had raised an army against Marcus Antonius? And did you not declare Antonius an enemy when the veteran soldiers who had followed Gaius Caesar were commended by your authority? Did you not declare Antonius an enemy when you promised exemptions from military service, money, and lands to the very brave legions because they had abandoned him who was called a consul, while he was an enemy in fact?" + }, + { + "id": 13374, + "la": "[4] Quid? Cum Brutum omine quodam illius generis et nominis natum ad rem publicam liberandam exercitumque eius pro libertate populi Romani bellum gerentem cum Antonio provinciamque fidelissimam atque optimam, Galliam, laudibus amplissimis adfecistis, tum non hostem iudicastis Antonium?", + "en": "[4] Again, when in the most11 ample terms you commended Brutus, who was destined, as it were, by his family and name to be born to liberate the Republic, and commended his army, as they waged war against Antonius for the freedom of the Roman people, and commended the most faithful and loyal province of Gaul, did you not then declare Antonius an enemy?" + }, + { + "id": 13375, + "la": "Quid? Cum decrevistis ut consules, alter ambove, ad bellum proficiscerentur, quod erat bellum, si hostis Antonius non erat?", + "en": "Or, again, when you decreed that the consuls, either or both, should set forth to war, what war was there if Antonius was not an enemy?" + }, + { + "id": 13376, + "la": "Quid igitur? Profectus est vir fortissimus, meus collega et familiaris, A Hirtius consul: at qua imbecillitate, qua macie!", + "en": "What then? A very brave man, my colleague712 and friend, the consul Aulus Hirtius, has set out: but how frail he was, how emaciated!" + }, + { + "id": 13377, + "la": "Sed animi viris corporis infirmitas non retardavit", + "en": "Yet bodily infirmity did not retard the strength of his spirit." + }, + { + "id": 13378, + "la": "Aequum, credo, putavit vitam quam populi Romani votis retinuisset pro libertate populi Romani in discrimen adducere", + "en": "I imagine he thought it only fair to risk on behalf of the freedom of the Roman people a life saved by the Roman peoples prayers." + }, + { + "id": 13379, + "la": "Quid? Cum dilectus haberi tota Italia iussistis, cum vacationes omnis sustulistis, tum ille hostis non est iudicatus?", + "en": "Again, when you ordered levies of troops to be held13 throughout Italy and canceled all exemptions from military service, was Antonius not declared an enemy then?" + }, + { + "id": 13380, + "la": "Armorum officinas in urbe videtis; milites cum gladiis sequuntur consulem; praesidio sunt specie consuli, re et veritate nobis; omnes sine ulla recusatione, summo etiam cum studio nomina dant, parent auctoritati vestrae: non est iudicatus hostis Antonius? At legatos misimus", + "en": "You see arms factories in the city; soldiers follow the consul sword in hand, outwardly for his protection, in truth and reality for ours. Everyone is enlisting, without any excuses, in fact with the greatest enthusiasm, obeying your authority. Has not Antonius been declared an enemy? But we have sent envoys." + }, + { + "id": 13381, + "la": "Heu, me miserum! Cur senatum cogor, quem laudavi semper, reprehendere?", + "en": "Alas, dear me! Why am I14 forced to find fault with the senate, which I have always praised?" + }, + { + "id": 13382, + "la": "Quid? Vos censetis, patres conscripti, legatorum missionem populo Romano vos probavisse?", + "en": "I ask you: do you think, Members of the Senate, you have won the Roman peoples approval for the envoys mission?" + }, + { + "id": 13383, + "la": "Non intellegitis, non auditis meam sententiam flagitari?", + "en": "Do you not understand, do you not hear that they are crying out for my proposal," + }, + { + "id": 13384, + "la": "Cui cum pridie frequentes essetis adsensi, postridie ad spem estis inanem pacis devoluti", + "en": "which you flocked to support one day only to fall headlong the next into a state of an empty hope for peace?" + }, + { + "id": 13385, + "la": "Quam turpe porro legiones ad senatum legatos mittere, senatum ad Antonium!", + "en": "How dishonorable, furthermore, that legions should send envoys to the senate10 and the senate send envoys to Antonius!" + }, + { + "id": 13386, + "la": "Quamquam illa legatio non est, denuntiatio est paratum illi exitium, nisi paruerit huic ordini", + "en": "True, that is not an embassy; it is rather a warning that he must expect to be destroyed if he does not obey this body." + }, + { + "id": 13387, + "la": "Quid refert? Tamen opinio est gravis Missos enim legatos omnes vident; decreti nostri non omnes verba noverunt", + "en": "But what difference does that make? The effect on public opinion is serious all the same. For everyone sees that envoys have been dispatched; but not everyone knows the wording of our decree." + }, + { + "id": 13388, + "la": "[5] Retinenda est igitur nobis constantia, gravitas, perseverantia; repetenda vetus illa severitas, si quidem auctoritas senatus decus, honestatem, laudem dignitatemque desiderat, quibus rebus hic ordo caruit nimium diu", + "en": "[5] Therefore we must hold to our constancy, responsibility, and determination; we must get back to that sternness of old, if the authority of the senate lacks honor, respectability, credit, and dignity, things this body has too long been without." + }, + { + "id": 13389, + "la": "Sed erat tunc excusatio oppressis, misera illa quidem, sed tamen iusta: nunc nulla est", + "en": "Then,11 however, there was some excuse, held down as we were; a sorry excuse, to be sure, but a just one. There is none now." + }, + { + "id": 13390, + "la": "Liberati regio dominatu videbamur: multo postea gravius urgebamur armis domesticis", + "en": "It looked as though we had been freed from the rule of a monarch; later we were pressed far harder by weapons in our midst." + }, + { + "id": 13391, + "la": "Ea ipsa depulimus nos quidem: extorquenda sunt", + "en": "Those too we thrust off; now we must wrench them away." + }, + { + "id": 13392, + "la": "Quod si non possumus facere'dicam quod dignum est et senatore et Romano homine'moriamur", + "en": "If we cannot do that'I shall speak as befits a senator and a Roman'let us die." + }, + { + "id": 13393, + "la": "Quanta enim illa erit rei publicae turpitudo, quantum dedecus, quanta labes, dicere in hoc ordine sententiam M Antonium consulari loco! cuius ut omittam innumerabilia scelera urbani consulatus, in quo pecuniam publicam maximam dissipavit, exsules sine lege restituit, vectigalia divendidit, provincias de populi Romani imperio sustulit, regna addixit pecunia, leges civitati per vim imposuit, armis aut obsedit aut exclusit senatum:", + "en": "For what a dishonor to the Republic, what a disgrace,15 what a blot it will be, if Marcus Antonius gives his opinion in this body among the ex-consuls! To say nothing of the countless misdeeds of his consulship in the city, during which he dissipated a vast sum of public money, brought back exiles without a law, sold off state revenues, removed provinces from the empire of the Roman people, granted kingdoms for money, imposed laws on the community by employing violence, beleaguered or excluded the senate with arms'" + }, + { + "id": 13394, + "la": "ut haec, inquam, omittam, ne hoc quidem cogitatis, eum qui Mutinam, coloniam populi Romani firmissimam, oppugnarit, imperatorem populi Romani, consulem designatum, obsederit, depopulatus agros sit, hunc in eum ordinem recipi a quo totiens ob has ipsas causas hostis iudicatus sit quam foedum flagitiosumque sit?", + "en": "to say nothing, I repeat, of all this, do you not even consider how foul a scandal it will be for the man who has laid siege to Mutina, one of the most staunch of the Roman peoples colonies, blockaded an imperator of the Roman people and consul-elect, and devastated the territory, to be readmitted to this body, which has repeatedly declared him an enemy for these very reasons?" + }, + { + "id": 13395, + "la": "Satis multa de turpitudine", + "en": "So much on the issue of dishonor." + }, + { + "id": 13396, + "la": "Dicam deinceps, ut proposui, de periculo: quod etsi minus est fugiendum quam turpitudo, tamen offendit animos maioris partis hominum magis", + "en": "Next, as I proposed, I16 shall speak of danger: even though it is less to be shunned than dishonor, nevertheless it is more upsetting to the minds of the majority of people." + }, + { + "id": 13397, + "la": "[6] Poteritis igitur exploratam habere pacem, cum in civitate Antonium videbitis vel potius Antonios?", + "en": "[6]Well, then, will you be able to have any assurance of peace when you see Antonius, or rather the brothers Antonii, in the community?" + }, + { + "id": 13398, + "la": "Nisi forte contemnitis Lucium: ego ne Gaium quidem", + "en": "Perhaps you do not take Lucius seriously? I take even Gaius seriously." + }, + { + "id": 13399, + "la": "Sed, ut video, dominabitur Lucius", + "en": "But, as I see it, Lucius will direct them." + }, + { + "id": 13400, + "la": "Est enim patronus quinque et triginta tribuum, quarum sua lege qua cum C Caesare magistratus partitus est suffragium sustulit, patronus centuriarum equitum Romanorum quas item sine suffragio esse voluit, patronus eorum qui tribuni militares fuerunt, patronus Iani Medii", + "en": "For he is patron of the thirty-five tribes, whose votes he took away by his law under which he shared out the magistracies with Gaius Caesar;12 he is patron of the centuries of Roman knights, whom he likewise chose to disenfranchise, patron of the former military tribunes, patron of the Exchange." + }, + { + "id": 13401, + "la": "Quis huius potentiam poterit sustinere?", + "en": "Who will be able to stand up to his power," + }, + { + "id": 13402, + "la": "Praesertim cum eosdem in agros etiam deduxerit", + "en": "especially when he has even settled those same people on lands?" + }, + { + "id": 13403, + "la": "Quis umquam omnis tribus, quis equites Romanos, quis tribunos militaris, ?", + "en": "Who ever had all the tribes, the Roman knights, the military tribunes, the Exchange for clients?" + }, + { + "id": 13404, + "la": "Gracchorum potentiam maiorem fuisse arbitramini quam huius gladiatoris futura sit?", + "en": "Do you imagine the Gracchi had greater power than this gladiator will have?" + }, + { + "id": 13405, + "la": "Quem gladiatorem non ita appellavi ut interdum etiam M Antonius gladiator appellari solet, sed ut appellant qui plane et Latine loquuntur", + "en": "And I do not call him a gladiator as Marcus Antonius too tends occasionally to be called a gladiator, but I do so like those who speak plain Latin." + }, + { + "id": 13406, + "la": "Myrmillo in Asia depugnavit: cum ornasset Thraecidicis comitem et familiarem suum, illum miserum fugientem iugulavit, luculentam tamen ipse plagam accepit, ut declarat cicatrix", + "en": "He put up a fight in Asia as a myrmillo: he equipped one of his followers, a personal friend, with the weapons of a Thracian gladiator and slaughtered the poor devil as he tried to get away; yet he himself received a heavy blow as proved by a scar." + }, + { + "id": 13407, + "la": "Qui familiarem iugularit, quid is occasione data faciet inimico?", + "en": "Since he slaughtered a comrade, what will he do to an enemy, if given the chance?" + }, + { + "id": 13408, + "la": "Et qui illud animi causa fecerit, hunc praedae causa quid facturum putatis?", + "en": "And what do you think a fellow who did that to amuse himself will do for loot?" + }, + { + "id": 13409, + "la": "Non rursus improbos decuriabit, non sollicitabit rursus agrarios, non queretur expulsos?", + "en": "Will he not organize troops of criminals yet again, stir up yet again people eager for a new distribution of land, and protest against evictions?" + }, + { + "id": 13410, + "la": "M vero Antonius non is erit ad quem omni motu concursus fiat civium perditorum?", + "en": "As for Marcus Antonius, whenever there is trouble, will he not be the rallying point for desperate citizens?" + }, + { + "id": 13411, + "la": "Ut nemo sit alius nisi ei qui una sunt et ei qui hic ei nunc aperte favent, parumne erunt multi, praesertim cum bonorum praesidia discesserint, illi parati sint ad nutum futuri?", + "en": "Even if these include only the people he has with him and those who are now openly supporting him here, will there not be enough of them, especially after the forces protecting decent men have gone off, while those people will be ready to move at a nod?" + }, + { + "id": 13412, + "la": "Ego vero metuo, si hoc tempore consilio lapsi erimus, ne illi brevi tempore nimis multi nobis esse videantur", + "en": "For my part, I am afraid that if we make a mistake in our decisions now, we shall soon see there are too many of them." + }, + { + "id": 13413, + "la": "Nec ego pacem nolo, sed pacis nomine bellum involutum reformido", + "en": "I am not against peace, but I dread war camouflaged as19 peace." + }, + { + "id": 13414, + "la": "Qua re si pace frui volumus, bellum gerendum est; si bellum omittimus, pace numquam fruemur", + "en": "Therefore, if we wish to enjoy peace, we must wage war; if we fail to wage war, peace we shall never enjoy." + }, + { + "id": 13415, + "la": "[7] Est autem vestri consili, patres conscripti, in posterum quam longissime providere", + "en": "[7] Now it is the duty of your council, Members of the Senate, to look ahead as far as you can." + }, + { + "id": 13416, + "la": "Idcirco in hac custodia et tamquam specula collocati sumus uti vacuum metu populum Romanum nostra vigilia et prospicientia redderemus", + "en": "Therefore we have been given this guardianship, placed as it were on a watchtower, in order that by our vigilance and foresight we might make the Roman people void of fear." + }, + { + "id": 13417, + "la": "Turpe est summo consilio orbis terrae, praesertim in re tam perspicua, consilium intellegi defuisse", + "en": "It is a dishonor if the supreme council of the world is perceived to lack counsel, especially in so plain a case as this." + }, + { + "id": 13418, + "la": "Eos consules habemus, eam populi Romani alacritatem, eum consensum Italiae, eos duces, eos exercitus, ut nullam calamitatem res publica accipere possit sine culpa senatus", + "en": "Such are our consuls, such20 is the ready spirit of the Roman people, such is the unanimous sentiment of Italy, such are our generals, such are our armies, that no calamity can befall the Republic without it being the fault of the senate." + }, + { + "id": 13419, + "la": "Equidem non deero: monebo, praedicam, denuntiabo, testabor semper deos hominesque quid sentiam, nec solum fidem meam, quod fortasse videatur satis esse, sed in principe civi non est satis: curam, consilium vigilantiamque praestabo", + "en": "As for me, I shall not fail to do my part: I shall warn, I shall foretell, I shall give notice, I shall continually call gods and men to witness my sentiments; you will be able to count not only on my good faith, which may perhaps seem sufficient in itself but in a foremost citizen is not all that is required: you will be able to count as well on my care, counsel, and vigilance." + }, + { + "id": 13420, + "la": "[8] Dixi de periculo", + "en": "[8] I have spoken of danger." + }, + { + "id": 13421, + "la": "Docebo ne coagmentari quidem posse pacem; de tribus enim quae proposui hoc extremum est", + "en": "I shall show that it is not21 even possible to patch up peace; for this is the last of my three propositions." + }, + { + "id": 13422, + "la": "Quae potest pax esse M Antonio primum cum senatu?", + "en": "What peace can exist between Marcus Antonius and, first, the senate?" + }, + { + "id": 13423, + "la": "Quo ore vos ille poterit, quibus vicissim vos illum oculis intueri?", + "en": "How will he be able to face you; how will you, in turn, be able to look upon him?" + }, + { + "id": 13424, + "la": "Quis vestrum illum, quem ille vestrum non oderit?", + "en": "Which of you will not hate him; which of you will he not hate?" + }, + { + "id": 13425, + "la": "Age, vos ille solum et vos illum? Quid?", + "en": "But come, will the hatred be confined to him and to you? Consider." + }, + { + "id": 13426, + "la": "Ei qui Mutinam circumsedent, qui in Gallia dilectus habent, qui in vestras fortunas imminent amici umquam vobis erunt aut vos illis?", + "en": "What of the men who are besieging Mutina, levying troops in Gaul, reaching for your possessions: will they ever be your friends or you theirs?" + }, + { + "id": 13427, + "la": "An equites Romanos amplectetur?", + "en": "Further, will he grasp the hands of the Roman knights?" + }, + { + "id": 13428, + "la": "Occulta enim fuit eorum voluntas iudiciumque de Antonio: qui frequentissimi in gradibus Concordiae steterunt, qui nos ad libertatem recuperandam excitaverunt, arma, saga, bellum flagitaverunt, me una cum populo Romano in contionem vocaverunt, hi Antonium diligent et cum his pacem servabit Antonius?", + "en": "To be sure, their sentiments and judgment concerning Antonius were a secret: they thronged the steps of the Temple of Concord,15 they spurred us on to the recovery of freedom, demanded arms, military cloaks, war, they joined the Roman people in summoning me to a public meeting: will these men love Antonius, and will Antonius keep peace with them?" + }, + { + "id": 13429, + "la": "Nam quid ego de universo populo Romano dicam?", + "en": "As for the entire Roman people, what am I to say?22" + }, + { + "id": 13430, + "la": "Qui pleno ac referto foro bis me una mente atque voce in contionem vocavit declaravitque maximam libertatis recuperandae cupiditatem", + "en": "Twice they packed the Forum full to summon me to a public meeting with one heart and voice, and they declared their passionate desire to regain freedom." + }, + { + "id": 13431, + "la": "Ita, quod erat optabile antea ut populum Romanum comitem haberemus, nunc habemus ducem", + "en": "Hence, while formerly we could only pray to have the Roman people at our side, now we have them to lead us." + }, + { + "id": 13432, + "la": "Quae est igitur spes, qui Mutinam circumsedent, imperatorem populi Romani exercitumque oppugnant, eis pacem cum populo Romano esse posse?", + "en": "So what hope exists that the men who are besieging Mutina, attacking an imperator of the Roman people and his army can be at peace with the Roman people?" + }, + { + "id": 13433, + "la": "An cum municipiis pax erit quorum tanta studia cognoscuntur in decretis faciendis, militibus dandis, pecuniis pollicendis, ut in singulis oppidis curiam populi Romani non desideretis?", + "en": "Will there be peace with the23 towns of Italy, who have shown such great zeal in passing decrees, providing soldiers, and promising money that in no single town do you feel the absence of the Roman peoples senate?" + }, + { + "id": 13434, + "la": "Laudandi sunt ex huius ordinis sententia Firmani, qui principes pecuniae pollicendae fuerunt", + "en": "The men of Firmum, who took the lead in promising money, should be commended by a resolution of this body." + }, + { + "id": 13435, + "la": "Respondendum honorifice est Marrucinis, qui ignominia notandos censuerunt eos si qui militiam subterfugissent", + "en": "The Marrucini, who decreed that any dodgers of military service should be marked by public infamy, deserve an honorific acknowledgment." + }, + { + "id": 13436, + "la": "Haec iam tota Italia fiunt Magna pax Antonio cum eis, his item cum illo", + "en": "Such things are now happening throughout Italy. A fine peace Antonius will have with them and they with him!" + }, + { + "id": 13437, + "la": "Quae potest esse maior discordia?", + "en": "What strife can be sharper?" + }, + { + "id": 13438, + "la": "In discordia autem pax civilis esse nullo pacto potest", + "en": "And peace in the community cannot possibly exist amid strife." + }, + { + "id": 13439, + "la": "Ut omittam multitudinem, L Visidio, equiti Romano, homini in primis ornato atque honesto civique semper egregio, cuius ego excubias et custodias mei capitis cognovi in consulatu meo, qui vicinos suos non cohortatus est solum ut milites fierent sed etiam facultatibus suis sublevavit: huic, inquam, tali viro, quem nos senatus consulto collaudare debemus, poteritne esse pacatus Antonius?", + "en": "To say nothing of the masses, take the Roman knight24 Lucius Visidius, an eminently substantial and respectable person, always a model citizen;17 I remember how he kept watch and vigil over my life when I was consul. He has urged his neighbors not only to enlist in the army but even given them subsidies of his own pocket. I say again: can Antonius be at peace with such a man as this, a man whom we ought to commend in a senatorial decree?" + }, + { + "id": 13440, + "la": "Quid C Caesari qui illum urbe, quid D Bruto qui Gallia prohibuit?", + "en": "Or can he be with Gaius Caesar, who banned him from the city, or Decimus Brutus, who banned him from Gaul?" + }, + { + "id": 13441, + "la": "Iam vero ipse se placabit et leniet provinciae Galliae, a qua exclusus et repudiatus est?", + "en": "As for the25 province of Gaul, which has excluded and repudiated him, will he himself calm and soothe his wrath toward it?" + }, + { + "id": 13442, + "la": "Omnia videbitis, patres conscripti, nisi prospicitis, plena odiorum, plena discordiarum, ex quibus oriuntur bella civilia", + "en": "Unless you take care, Members of the Senate, you will see everything riddled with hatreds and with feuds, out of which arise civil wars." + }, + { + "id": 13443, + "la": "Nolite igitur id velle quod fieri non potest, et cavete, per deos immortalis, patres conscripti, ne spe praesentis pacis perpetuam pacem amittatis", + "en": "So do not wish for the impossible, and, by the immortal gods, Members of the Senate, beware of losing a lasting peace in the hope of an immediate peace." + }, + { + "id": 13444, + "la": "[9] Quorsum haec omnis spectat oratio?", + "en": "[9] Where is this whole speech of mine leading?" + }, + { + "id": 13445, + "la": "Quid enim legati egerint nondum scimus", + "en": "We do26 not yet know what the envoys have achieved." + }, + { + "id": 13446, + "la": "At vero excitati, erecti, parati, armati animis iam esse debemus, ne blanda aut supplici oratione aut aequitatis simulatione fallamur", + "en": "But in spirit we should already be aroused, on the alert, ready, armed, so as not to be taken in by some soothing, pleading words or a pretense of fair play." + }, + { + "id": 13447, + "la": "Omnia fecerit oportet quae interdicta et denuntiata sunt, prius quam aliquid postulet: Brutum exercitumque eius oppugnare, urbis et agros provinciae Galliae populari destiterit;", + "en": "He must have carried out all the restrictions and orders that have been imposed on him before he can make any request: given up attacking Brutus and his army and ravaging the towns and territory of the province of Gaul;" + }, + { + "id": 13448, + "la": "ad Brutum adeundi legatis potestatem fecerit;", + "en": "allowed the envoys access to Brutus;" + }, + { + "id": 13449, + "la": "exercitum citra flumen Rubiconem eduxerit, nec propius urbem milia passuum ducenta admoverit; fuerit et in senatus et in populi Romani potestate", + "en": "withdrawn his army to this side of the river Rubicon and not have brought it within two hundred miles of the city; submitted to the control of both the senate and people of Rome." + }, + { + "id": 13450, + "la": "Haec si fecerit, erit integra potestas nobis deliberandi; si senatui non paruerit, non illi senatus, sed ille populo Romano bellum indixerit", + "en": "If he does these things, then we shall be free to deliberate; if he does not obey the senate, he will have declared war upon the Roman people, not the senate upon him." + }, + { + "id": 13451, + "la": "Sed vos moneo, patres conscripti: libertas agitur populi Romani, quae est commendata vobis;", + "en": "But I warn you, Members of the Senate: what is at stake27 is the freedom of the Roman people, which has been entrusted to your charge;" + }, + { + "id": 13452, + "la": "vita et fortunae optimi cuiusque, quo cupiditatem infinitam cum immani crudelitate iam pridem intendit Antonius;", + "en": "likewise the lives and possessions of the very best men, long menaced by Antonius insatiable greed combined with savage cruelty;" + }, + { + "id": 13453, + "la": "auctoritas vestra, quam nullam habebitis, nisi nunc tenueritis: taetram et pestiferam beluam ne inclusam et constrictam dimittatis cavete", + "en": "and also your authority, which you will totally lose unless you hold it firmly now. Be sure you do not let this evil and destructive monster loose from the toils that confine him." + }, + { + "id": 13454, + "la": "Te ipsum, Pansa, moneo'quamquam non eges consilio, quo vales plurimum, tamen etiam summi gubernatores in magnis tempestatibus a vectoribus admoneri solent'hunc tantum tuum apparatum tamque praeclarum ne ad nihilum recidere patiare", + "en": "Pansa, let me warn you personally'not that a man of your sagacity needs counsel, but even the best helmsmen are often advised by passengers in great tempests'do not let all the fine, extensive preparations you have made fall away to nothing." + }, + { + "id": 13455, + "la": "Tempus habes tale quale nemo habuit umquam", + "en": "You have an opportunity the like of which no man has ever had." + }, + { + "id": 13456, + "la": "Hac gravitate senatus, hoc studio equestris ordinis, hoc ardore populi Romani potes in perpetuum rem publicam metu et periculo liberare", + "en": "With the support of a determined senate, an enthusiastic order of knights, and an ardent Roman people you can forever free the Republic from fear and danger." + }, + { + "id": 13457, + "la": "Quibus de rebus refers, P Servilio adsentior", + "en": "On the business you have submitted for discussion, I agree with Publius Servilius." + }, + { + "id": 13458, + "la": "[1] Confusius hesterno die est acta res, C Pansa, quam postulabat institutum consulatus tui", + "en": "[1] The transaction of business yesterday, Gaius Pansa,1 was vaguer than the normal practice under your consulship called for." + }, + { + "id": 13459, + "la": "Parum mihi visus es eos quibus cedere non soles sustinere", + "en": "It seemed to me that you did not take a firm enough stand against persons to whom you do not generally give way." + }, + { + "id": 13460, + "la": "Nam cum senatus ea virtus fuisset quae solet, et cum re viderent omnes esse bellum quidamque id verbum removendum arbitrarentur, tua voluntas in discessione fuit ad lenitatem propensior", + "en": "For when the senate showed its usual courage, and everyone saw that war existed in fact, while there were some who wanted the term war removed, your wishes inclined to mildness in taking the vote." + }, + { + "id": 13461, + "la": "Victa est igitur propter verbi asperitatem te auctore nostra sententia: vicit L Caesaris, amplissimi viri, qui verbi atrocitate dempta oratione fuit quam sententia lenior", + "en": "So because of the harshness of the word, my proposal was defeated at your instance, and that of Lucius Caesar, a very distinguished gentleman, won the day; in withdrawing the frightful word, he was milder in the language than in the actual proposal." + }, + { + "id": 13462, + "la": "Quamquam is quidem, ante quam sententiam diceret, propinquitatem excusavit", + "en": "To be sure, he pleaded the excuse of a family relationship before he put forward his proposal." + }, + { + "id": 13463, + "la": "Idem fecerat me consule in sororis viro quod hoc tempore in sororis filio fecit, ut et luctu sororis moveretur et saluti populi Romani provideret", + "en": "When I was consul, he acted in the case of his sisters husband as he has acted now in that of his sisters son: he was both affected by his sisters sorrow and attentive to the welfare of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 13464, + "la": "Atque ipse tamen Caesar praecepit vobis quodam modo, patres conscripti, ne sibi adsentiremini, cum ita dixit, aliam se sententiam dicturum fuisse eamque se ac re publica dignam, nisi propinquitate impediretur", + "en": "And yet, Members of the Senate,2 Caesar himself after a fashion advised you not to follow him, when he said that he would have have put forward a different proposal, one worthy of himself and the Republic, if he had not been hampered by family ties." + }, + { + "id": 13465, + "la": "Ergo ille avunculus: num etiam vos avunculi qui illi estis adsensi?", + "en": "Very good, he is the uncle. What about you who supported him: are you uncles too?" + }, + { + "id": 13466, + "la": "At in quo fuit controversia?", + "en": "But what was the argument about?" + }, + { + "id": 13467, + "la": "Belli nomen ponendum quidam in sententia non putabant: tumultum appellare malebant, ignari non modo rerum sed etiam verborum: potest enim esse bellum ut tumultus non sit, tumultus autem esse sine bello non potest", + "en": "Certain persons thought that the name of war ought not to be used in the motion: they preferred to use the term public emergency, showing their ignorance not only of facts but also of terminology. For while a war can exist without a public emergency, a public emergency cannot exist without a war." + }, + { + "id": 13468, + "la": "Quid est enim aliud tumultus nisi perturbatio tanta ut maior timor oriatur?", + "en": "For what else is a public emergency but a disturbance so3 serious that fear beyond the ordinary arises from it?" + }, + { + "id": 13469, + "la": "Unde etiam nomen ductum est tumultus", + "en": "And it is from this fact that the word public emergency has its origin.2" + }, + { + "id": 13470, + "la": "Itaque maiores nostri tumultum Italicum quod erat domesticus, tumultum Gallicum quod erat Italiae finitimus, praeterea nullum nominabant", + "en": "Accordingly, our ancestors spoke of a public emergency in Italy (because it took place within our borders) and a public emergency in Gaul (because it was next door to Italy), but of no other public emergency besides." + }, + { + "id": 13471, + "la": "Gravius autem tumultum esse quam bellum hinc intellegi potest quod bello [Italico] vacationes valent, tumultu non valent", + "en": "And that a public emergency is something more serious than a war can be inferred from the fact that exemptions from military service are valid in a war but are not valid in a public emergency.3" + }, + { + "id": 13472, + "la": "Ita fit, quem ad modum dixi, ut bellum sine tumultu possit, tumultus sine bello esse non possit", + "en": "Hence, as I have just observed, war can exist without a public emergency, but a public emergency cannot exist without war." + }, + { + "id": 13473, + "la": "Etenim cum inter bellum et pacem medium nihil sit, necesse est tumultum, si belli non sit, pacis esse: quo quid absurdius dici aut existimari potest?", + "en": "After all, since4 there is no halfway house between war and peace, if a public emergency does not come under the heading of war, it must come under the heading of peace. And what more absurd than this can be said or thought?" + }, + { + "id": 13474, + "la": "Sed nimis multa de verbo Rem potius videamus, patres conscripti, quam quidem intellego verbo fieri interdum deteriorem solere", + "en": "But I have dwelt too long upon terminology. Let us rather look at substance, Members of the Senate, which indeed I realize is sometimes apt to be made worse by terminology." + }, + { + "id": 13475, + "la": "[2] Nolumus hoc bellum videri", + "en": "[2] We do not want this to be seen as a war." + }, + { + "id": 13476, + "la": "Quam igitur municipiis et coloniis ad excludendum Antonium auctoritatem damus?", + "en": "Then what authority do we give to the municipalities and colonies to refuse Antonius admission?" + }, + { + "id": 13477, + "la": "Quam ut milites fiant sine vi, sine multa, studio, voluntate?", + "en": "What authority to enlist as soldiers without compulsion or fines but from spontaneous zeal?" + }, + { + "id": 13478, + "la": "Quam ut pecunias in rem publicam polliceantur?", + "en": "What authority to promise financial resources in aid of the Republic?" + }, + { + "id": 13479, + "la": "Si enim belli nomen tolletur, municipiorum studia tollentur;", + "en": "If the name of war is removed, the zeal of the municipalities will be removed as well;" + }, + { + "id": 13480, + "la": "consensus populi Romani, qui iam descendit in causam, si nos languescimus, debilitetur necesse est", + "en": "the united impulse of the Roman people, who have already come down on our side, must inevitably be weakened if we falter." + }, + { + "id": 13481, + "la": "Sed quid plura? D Brutus oppugnatur: non est bellum", + "en": "But5 why waste words? Decimus Brutus is under attack: but it is not a war!" + }, + { + "id": 13482, + "la": "Mutina obsidetur: ne hoc quidem bellum est", + "en": "Mutina is under siege: but not even that is a war!" + }, + { + "id": 13483, + "la": "Gallia vastatur: quae pax potest esse certior?", + "en": "Gaul is being laid waste: can any peace be more assured?" + }, + { + "id": 13484, + "la": "Illud vero quis potest bellum esse dicere quo consulem, fortissimum virum, cum exercitu misimus?", + "en": "Who can indeed call that action a war to which we have dispatched a consul, a very brave man, at the head of an army?" + }, + { + "id": 13485, + "la": "Qui, cum esset infirmus ex gravi diuturnoque morbo, nullam sibi putavit excusationem esse oportere, cum ad rei publicae praesidium vocaretur", + "en": "Ill as he was from a serious and longstanding ailment,4 he thought there should be no excuse for him when summoned to defend the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 13486, + "la": "C quidem Caesar non exspectavit vestra decreta, praesertim cum illud esset aetatis: bellum contra Antonium sua sponte suscepit", + "en": "Gaius Caesar did not wait for your decrees, even though he was so young: he went to war with Antonius of his own accord." + }, + { + "id": 13487, + "la": "Decernendi enim tempus nondum erat; bellum autem gerendi tempus si praetermisisset, videbat re publica oppressa nihil posse decerni", + "en": "The time for decrees had not yet arrived; but he saw that if he let the time for military action pass, the Republic would be crushed and nothing could be decreed." + }, + { + "id": 13488, + "la": "Ergo illi nunc et eorum exercitus in pace versantur", + "en": "Well, those commanders and6 their armies are now at peace." + }, + { + "id": 13489, + "la": "Non est hostis is cuius praesidium Claterna deiecit Hirtius; non est hostis qui consuli armatus obsistit, designatum consulem oppugnat, nec illa hostilia verba nec bellica quae paulo ante ex collegae litteris Pansa recitavit: Deieci praesidium; Claterna potitus sum; fugati equites; proelium commissum; occisi aliquot.", + "en": "It is no enemy whose garrison was thrown out of Claterna by Hirtius; it is no enemy who is in armed opposition to a consul, attacking a consulelect. Those were not hostile or warlike words that Pansa has just read out from his colleagues dispatch: I threw out the garrison; I took possession of Claterna; the cavalry was put to flight; battle was joined; some were killed.5" + }, + { + "id": 13490, + "la": "Quae pax potest esse maior?", + "en": "What peace can be greater?" + }, + { + "id": 13491, + "la": "Dilectus tota Italia decreti sublatis vacationibus; saga cras sumentur; consul se cum praesidio descensurum esse dixit", + "en": "Levies have been decreed throughout the whole of Italy with the cancellation of exemptions from military service; military cloaks will be donned tomorrow; the consul has stated that he will appear in public with an armed escort." + }, + { + "id": 13492, + "la": "Utrum hoc bellum non est, an etiam tantum bellum quantum numquam fuit?", + "en": "Is this not a war, or even a war on a scale such as never7 before existed?" + }, + { + "id": 13493, + "la": "Ceteris enim bellis maximeque civilibus contentionem rei publicae causa faciebat: Sulla cum Sulpicio de iure legum quas per vim [con Sulla] latas esse dicebat;", + "en": "In other wars, and particularly civil wars, the conflict originated from a political issue: Sulla fought Sulpicius about the validity of laws which according to Sulla had been passed by violence." + }, + { + "id": 13494, + "la": "Cinna cum Octavio de novorum civium suffragiis; rursus cum Mario et Carbone Sulla ne dominarentur indigni et ut clarissimorum hominum crudelissimam puniretur necem", + "en": "Cinna fought Octavius about voting rights for the new citizens.6 Sulla again fought Marius and Carbo to put an end to the rule of the unworthy and to avenge the terribly cruel deaths of illustrious men.7" + }, + { + "id": 13495, + "la": "Horum omnium bellorum causae ex rei publicae contentione natae sunt", + "en": "All these wars had their origins in political disputes." + }, + { + "id": 13496, + "la": "De proximo bello civili non libet dicere: ignoro causam, detestor exitum", + "en": "As for the last civil war,8 I would rather not speak of it: I do not know its cause, and I abominate its outcome." + }, + { + "id": 13497, + "la": "[3] Hoc bellum quintum civile geritur'atque omnia in nostram aetatem inciderunt'primum non modo non in dissensione et discordia civium sed in maxima consensione incredibilique concordia", + "en": "[3] The fifth8 civil war is now being fought'and they all occurred in my lifetime', and for the first time there is no division or discord among citizens, but on the contrary the utmost consensus and extraordinary unity." + }, + { + "id": 13498, + "la": "Omnes idem volunt, idem defendunt, idem sentiunt", + "en": "All men have one desire, one cause, one sentiment." + }, + { + "id": 13499, + "la": "Cum omnis dico, eos excipio quos nemo civitate dignos putat", + "en": "When I say all, I mean all but those whom nobody thinks worthy to be citizens." + }, + { + "id": 13500, + "la": "Quae est igitur in medio belli causa posita?", + "en": "What then is the avowed reason for this war?" + }, + { + "id": 13501, + "la": "Nos deorum immortalium templa, nos muros, nos domicilia sedesque populi Romani, aras, focos, sepulcra maiorum; nos leges, iudicia, libertatem, coniuges, liberos, patriam defendimus:", + "en": "We are defending the temples of the immortal gods, the city walls, the dwellings and houses of the Roman people, the altars, the hearths, the tombs of our ancestors; we are defending laws, courts of law, freedom, wives, children, and our native land." + }, + { + "id": 13502, + "la": "contra M Antonius id molitur, id pugnat ut haec omnia perturbet, evertat, praedam rei publicae causam belli putet, fortunas nostras partim dissipet, partim dispertiat parricidis", + "en": "Marcus Antonius, on the contrary, is devising and fighting to throw into confusion and overturn everything I have just mentioned, to regard the plunder of the Republic as a cause for war, to squander one part of our possessions and to parcel out the other among traitors." + }, + { + "id": 13503, + "la": "In hac tam dispari ratione belli miserrimum illud est quod ille latronibus suis pollicetur primum domos'urbem enim divisurum se confirmat'deinde omnibus portis quo velint deducturum", + "en": "In this quite different conception of war by the two9 sides, the most deplorable aspect is the promises he is making to his cutthroats: first our town houses'for he assures them that he will divide up the city'then that he will lead them out of all the city gates and settle them wherever they wish." + }, + { + "id": 13504, + "la": "Omnes Cafones, omnes Saxae ceteraeque pestes quae sequuntur Antonium aedis sibi optimas, hortos, Tusculana, Albana definiunt", + "en": "Cafo, Saxa, and their kind, all the evil creatures in Antonius train, are earmarking the best houses, suburban estates, and properties at Tusculum and Alba." + }, + { + "id": 13505, + "la": "Atque etiam homines agrestes, si homines illi ac non pecudes potius, inani spe ad aquas usque et Puteolos pervehuntur", + "en": "And these uncouth fellows, if they are human beings and not rather cattle, even let their idle hopes carry them as far as the Waters9 and Puteoli." + }, + { + "id": 13506, + "la": "Ergo habet Antonius quod suis polliceatur", + "en": "Well, Antonius has something to promise his followers." + }, + { + "id": 13507, + "la": "Quid nos? Numquid tale habemus? Di meliora!", + "en": "What about us? Do we have anything of the sort? May the gods forbid it!" + }, + { + "id": 13508, + "la": "Id enim ipsum agimus ne quis posthac quicquam eius modi possit polliceri", + "en": "Our purpose is precisely to make sure that nobody can promise anything of this kind in the future." + }, + { + "id": 13509, + "la": "Invitus dico, sed dicendum est: hasta Caesaris, patres conscripti, multis improbis et spem adfert et audaciam", + "en": "I say it with reluctance, but say it I must: Caesars lance,10 Members of the Senate, brings both hope and daring to many a criminal." + }, + { + "id": 13510, + "la": "Viderunt enim ex mendicis fieri repente divites; itaque semper hastam videre cupiunt ei qui nostris bonis imminent, quibus omnia pollicetur Antonius", + "en": "For they saw beggars suddenly become rich; and so those who menace our property, to whom Antonius is promising everything, are always eager to see such a lance." + }, + { + "id": 13511, + "la": "Quid nos? Nostris exercitibus quid pollicemur?", + "en": "What about us? What10 do we promise our armies?" + }, + { + "id": 13512, + "la": "Multo meliora atque maiora", + "en": "Far better and greater things." + }, + { + "id": 13513, + "la": "Scelerum enim promissio et eis qui exspectant perniciosa est et eis qui promittunt", + "en": "The promise of crimes spells ruin both for those who expect and for those who promise." + }, + { + "id": 13514, + "la": "Nos libertatem nostris militibus, leges, iura, iudicia, imperium orbis terrae, dignitatem, pacem, otium pollicemur", + "en": "We promise our soldiers freedom, laws, justice, law courts, dominion over the world, dignity, peace, and tranquillity." + }, + { + "id": 13515, + "la": "Antoni igitur promissa cruenta, taetra, scelerata, dis hominibusque invisa, nec diuturna neque salutaria: nostra contra honesta, integra, gloriosa, plena laetitiae, plena pietatis", + "en": "Antonius promises are bloody, sinister, criminal, hateful to gods and men; they will not last nor bring any good. Ours by contrast are honorable, fair, glorious, full of joy, and full of patriotism." + }, + { + "id": 13516, + "la": "[4] Hic mihi etiam Q Fufius, vir fortis ac strenuus, amicus meus, pacis commoda commemorat'quasi vero, si laudanda pax esset, ego id aeque commode facere non possem", + "en": "[4] But here is Quintus Fufius, a courageous and energetic11 man, a friend of mine, actually reminding me of the blessings of peace'as though, if peace needed praising, I could not do it as well as himself." + }, + { + "id": 13517, + "la": "Semel enim pacem defendi? Non semper otio studui? Quod cum omnibus bonis utile est, tum praecipue mihi", + "en": "Have I defended peace only once? Have I not always favored tranquillity? Peace is advantageous for all decent men, but particularly for me." + }, + { + "id": 13518, + "la": "Quem enim cursum industria mea tenere potuisset sine forensibus causis, sine legibus, sine iudiciis?", + "en": "Where would my activity have found scope without court cases, without laws, without law courts?" + }, + { + "id": 13519, + "la": "Quae esse non possunt civili pace sublata Sed quaeso, Calene, quid tu? Servitutem pacem vocas?", + "en": "These cannot exist if internal peace is taken away. But I ask you, Calenus,12 what do you say: do you call slavery peace?" + }, + { + "id": 13520, + "la": "Maiores quidem nostri non modo ut liberi essent sed etiam ut imperarent arma capiebant: tu arma abicienda censes ut serviamus?", + "en": "Our ancestors took up arms not only to be free but also to rule. Do you think we should throw our arms away in order to be slaves?" + }, + { + "id": 13521, + "la": "Quae causa iustior est belli gerendi quam servitutis depulsio?", + "en": "Is there any more justifiable reason for waging war than to ward off slavery?" + }, + { + "id": 13522, + "la": "In qua etiam si non sit molestus dominus, tamen est miserrimum posse, si velit", + "en": "In slavery, even if the master is not oppressive, the sorry thing still is that he can be if he wishes." + }, + { + "id": 13523, + "la": "Immo aliae causae iustae, haec necessaria est", + "en": "Indeed, other reasons are justifiable, but this one is compelling." + }, + { + "id": 13524, + "la": "Nisi forte ad te hoc non putas pertinere quod te socium fore speras dominationis Antoni", + "en": "Or do you think perhaps that this does not concern you because you expect to be a partner in Antonius despotism?" + }, + { + "id": 13525, + "la": "In quo bis laberis: primum quod tuas rationes communibus interponis; deinde quod quicquam stabile aut iucundum in regno putas", + "en": "You make two mistakes there: first, because you mix up your personal interests with the interests of the community; second, because you think that anything can be stable or agreeable in a tyranny." + }, + { + "id": 13526, + "la": "Non, si tibi antea profuit, semper proderit", + "en": "Even if it may have worked to your advantage previously,11 it will not always work to your advantage." + }, + { + "id": 13527, + "la": "Quin etiam de illo homine queri solebas: quid te facturum de belua putas?", + "en": "After all, you were accustomed to grumble13 about that person, a human being; what do you think you will you do in reaction to a monster?" + }, + { + "id": 13528, + "la": "Atque ais eum te esse qui semper pacem optaris, semper omnis civis volueris salvos", + "en": "And you describe yourself as one who has always wished for peace, always wanted all citizens to survive." + }, + { + "id": 13529, + "la": "Honesta oratio, sed ita si bonos et utilis et e re publica civis: sin eos qui natura cives sunt, voluntate hostes, salvos velis, quid tandem intersit inter te et illos?", + "en": "That is an honorable sentiment, but only if you mean decent citizens, men of use and benefit to the Republic. But should you want the survival of people who are citizens by birth but public enemies by choice, where, I ask, would be the difference between you and them?" + }, + { + "id": 13530, + "la": "Pater tuus quidem, quo utebar sene auctore adulescens, homo severus et prudens, primas omnium civium P Nasicae, qui Ti Gracchum interfecit, dare solebat: eius virtute, consilio, magnitudine animi liberatam rem publicam arbitrabatur", + "en": "Your father, at any rate, a strict and wise man, who was a model for me when I was young and he was old, was in the habit of giving the place of honor among all citizens to Publius Nasica, who killed Tiberius Gracchus, holding the view that Nasicas courage, judgment, and greatness of spirit had brought freedom to the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 13531, + "la": "Quid? Nos a patribus num aliter accepimus?", + "en": "Well? Surely we14 have not heard any differently from our fathers?" + }, + { + "id": 13532, + "la": "Ergo is tibi civis, si temporibus illis fuisses, non probaretur, quia non omnis salvos esse voluisset", + "en": "So, if you had been alive in those days, you would not have approved of Nasica as a citizen because, in your view, he had not wanted everyone to survive." + }, + { + "id": 13533, + "la": "Quod L Opimius consul verba fecit de re publica, de ea re ita censuerunt uti L Opimius consul rem publicam defenderet.", + "en": "Whereas the consul Lucius Opimius spoke concerning the Republic, the senate decreed on this matter that the consul Lucius Opimius should defend the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 13534, + "la": "Senatus haec verbis, Opimius armis", + "en": "So did the senate intervene with words, Opimius with weapons." + }, + { + "id": 13535, + "la": "Num igitur eum, si tum esses, temerarium civem aut crudelem putares, aut Q Metellum, cuius quattuor filii consulares, P Lentulum, principem senatus, compluris alios summos viros qui cum Opimio consule armati Gracchum in Aventinum persecuti sunt?", + "en": "Would you have deemed him a rash or cruel citizen, if you had lived then, and held the same view of Quintus Metellus, who had four consular sons, or Publius Lentulus, leader of the senate, or a number of other eminent men who chased Gaius Gracchus to the Aventine with weapons in their hands along with the consul Opimius?" + }, + { + "id": 13536, + "la": "Quo in proelio Lentulus grave volnus accepit, interfectus est Gracchus et M Fulvius consularis, eiusque duo adulescentuli filii", + "en": "In that battle Lentulus was seriously wounded, Gracchus was killed, as was the consular Marcus Fulvius and his two young sons." + }, + { + "id": 13537, + "la": "Illi igitur viri vituperandi: non enim omnis civis salvos esse voluerunt", + "en": "So, those men ought to be censured, for they did not want all citizens to survive." + }, + { + "id": 13538, + "la": "[5] Ad propiora veniamus C Mario L Valerio consulibus senatus rem publicam defendendam dedit;", + "en": "[5] Let us come to events closer to our own time. The15 senate committed the defense of the Republic to the consuls Gaius Marius and Lucius Valerius;" + }, + { + "id": 13539, + "la": "L Saturninus tribunus plebis, C Glaucia praetor est interfectus", + "en": "the tribune of the plebs Lucius Saturninus and the praetor Gaius Glaucia were killed." + }, + { + "id": 13540, + "la": "Omnes illo die Scauri, Metelli, Claudii, Catuli, Scaevolae, Crassi arma sumpserunt", + "en": "That day all the Scauri, Metelli, Claudii, Catuli, Scaevolae, and Crassi took up arms." + }, + { + "id": 13541, + "la": "Num aut consules illos aut clarissimos viros vituperandos putas? Ego Catilinam perire volui", + "en": "Surely you do not think that either those consuls or those illustrious men ought to be censured? I wanted Catilina destroyed." + }, + { + "id": 13542, + "la": "Num tu qui omnis salvos vis Catilinam salvum esse voluisti?", + "en": "Surely you, who want everyone to survive, did not want Catilina to survive?" + }, + { + "id": 13543, + "la": "Hoc interest, Calene, inter meam sententiam et tuam: ego nolo quemquam civem committere ut morte multandus sit; tu, etiam si commiserit, conservandum putas", + "en": "The difference between my professed view and yours, Calenus, is this: I want no citizen to act in such a way that he has to be punished with death; you think a citizen should be preserved even if he has so acted." + }, + { + "id": 13544, + "la": "In corpore si quid eius modi est quod reliquo corpori noceat, id uri secarique patimur, ut membrum aliquod potius quam totum corpus intereat", + "en": "If something in the body is of the sort to cause harm to the rest, we allow it to be cauterized or cut so that this or that part may perish rather than the whole body." + }, + { + "id": 13545, + "la": "Sic in rei publicae corpore, ut totum salvum sit, quicquid est pestiferum amputetur", + "en": "Likewise in the body politic: let whatever is noxious be amputated so that the whole may be saved." + }, + { + "id": 13546, + "la": "Dura vox! Multo illa durior: Salvi sint improbi, scelerati, impii; deleantur innocentes, honesti, boni, tota res publica!", + "en": "A harsh saying! This one is far16 harsher: Let the criminals, the wicked, the traitors be saved; let the innocent, the respectable, the decent, the entire Republic be wiped out!" + }, + { + "id": 13547, + "la": "Uno in homine, Q Fufi, fateor te vidisse plus quam me: ego P Clodium arbitrabar perniciosum civem, sceleratum, libidinosum, impium, audacem, facinerosum; tu contra sanctum, temperantem, innocentem, modestum, retinendum civem et optandum", + "en": "I do admit, Quintus Fufius, that in the case of one person your perception was better than mine: I used to think Publius Clodius a pernicious citizen, criminal, lustful, unpatriotic, insolent, villainous; you on the contrary regarded him as blameless, moderate, innocent, and unassuming, a valuable and desirable citizen." + }, + { + "id": 13548, + "la": "In hoc uno te plurimum vidisse, me multum errasse concedo", + "en": "In this one instance I acknowledge your keen perspicacity and my own grave error." + }, + { + "id": 13549, + "la": "Nam quod me tecum iracunde agere dixisti solere, non est ita", + "en": "As for your claim that I am apt to take an angry tone with you, that is not so." + }, + { + "id": 13550, + "la": "Vehementer me agere fateor, iracunde nego", + "en": "I admit to vehemence, but anger I deny." + }, + { + "id": 13551, + "la": "Omnino irasci amicis non temere soleo, ne si merentur quidem", + "en": "In general it is not my habit to grow angry easily with my friends for no good reason, even if they deserve it." + }, + { + "id": 13552, + "la": "Itaque sine verborum contumelia a te dissentire possum, sine animi summo dolore non possum", + "en": "Accordingly,17 I can differ from you without using offensive expressions, though not without mental anguish." + }, + { + "id": 13553, + "la": "Parva est enim mihi tecum aut parva de re dissensio? Ego huic faveo, tu illi?", + "en": "For is it a minor disagreement I have with you; is it about a minor issue, a matter of my backing this man and your backing that one?" + }, + { + "id": 13554, + "la": "Immo vero ego D Bruto faveo, tu M Antonio: ego conservari coloniam populi Romani cupio, tu expugnari studes", + "en": "No, it is a matter of my backing Decimus Brutus and your backing Marcus Antonius: I am anxious to see a Roman colony saved, you are eager for it to be taken by storm." + }, + { + "id": 13555, + "la": "[6] An hoc negare potes, qui omnis moras interponas quibus infirmetur Brutus, melior fiat Antonius?", + "en": "[6] Can you deny as much, when you are putting up all manner of delays to make Brutus weaker and Antonius better off?" + }, + { + "id": 13556, + "la": "Quo usque enim dices pacem velle te?", + "en": "How much longer will you say that you want peace?" + }, + { + "id": 13557, + "la": "Res geritur; conductae vineae sunt; pugnatur acerrime", + "en": "War is in progress; siege-works have been assembled; there is bitter fighting." + }, + { + "id": 13558, + "la": "Qui intercurrerent, misimus tris principes civitatis", + "en": "We sent three leading men of the community to intervene." + }, + { + "id": 13559, + "la": "Hos contempsit, reiecit, repudiavit Antonius: tu tamen permanes constantissimus defensor Antoni", + "en": "Antonius has despised, rejected, and repudiated them: and yet you still remain Antonius most resolute defender." + }, + { + "id": 13560, + "la": "Et quidem, quo melior senator videatur, negat se illi amicum esse debere: cum suo magno esset beneficio, venisse eum contra se", + "en": "And what is more, to make18 himself appear a more conscientious senator, he says he has no call to be Antonius friend, seeing that Antonius appeared against him in court though owing him a great favor.14" + }, + { + "id": 13561, + "la": "Vide quanta caritas sit patriae: cum homini sit iratus, tamen rei publicae causa defendit Antonium!", + "en": "See how great a love he has for his native land: although he has a personal grievance against the man, nonetheless, for the sake of the Republic he defends Antonius!" + }, + { + "id": 13562, + "la": "Ego te, cum in Massiliensis tam es acerbus, Q Fufi, non animo aequo audio", + "en": "I find it hard to listen with patience, Quintus Fufius, to your bitter language against the Massilians." + }, + { + "id": 13563, + "la": "Quo usque enim Massiliam oppugnabis?", + "en": "How long are you going to attack Massilia?" + }, + { + "id": 13564, + "la": "Ne triumphus quidem finem fecit belli, per quem lata est urbs ea sine qua numquam ex Transalpinis gentibus maiores nostri triumpharunt?", + "en": "Did not even the triumph bring the war to an end, a triumph in which that city was borne in effigy,15 a city without which our ancestors never triumphed over the nations beyond the Alps?" + }, + { + "id": 13565, + "la": "Quo quidem tempore populus Romanus ingemuit: quamquam proprios dolores suarum rerum omnes habebant, tamen huius civitatis fidelissimae miserias nemo erat civis qui a se alienas arbitraretur", + "en": "At that time the Roman people groaned: though all had their own personal griefs, there was not a citizen who did not feel the sufferings of this most faithful community as his own." + }, + { + "id": 13566, + "la": "Caesar ipse, qui illis fuerat iratissimus, tamen propter singularem eius civitatis gravitatem et fidem cotidie aliquid iracundiae remittebat: te nulla sua calamitate civitas satiare tam fidelis potest?", + "en": "Caesar himself, terribly furious though he had been with19 them, abated something of his anger every day because of the extraordinary dignity and faithfulness of that community. Can so faithful a community not content you with any measure of calamity?" + }, + { + "id": 13567, + "la": "Rursus iam me irasci fortasse dices", + "en": "Perhaps you will say that I am now getting angry again." + }, + { + "id": 13568, + "la": "Ego autem sine iracundia dico omnia nec tamen sine dolore animi: neminem illi civitati inimicum esse arbitror qui amicus huic sit civitati", + "en": "Yet I say everything without anger, though not without mental anguish. I do not think any man who is an enemy of that community is a friend of this one." + }, + { + "id": 13569, + "la": "Excogitare quae tua ratio sit, Calene, non possum: antea deterrere te ne popularis esses non poteramus;", + "en": "I cannot make out, Calenus, what your rationale is: previously we could not deter you from being a peoples man;" + }, + { + "id": 13570, + "la": "exorare nunc ut sis popularis non possumus", + "en": "now we cannot beg you into being a peoples man." + }, + { + "id": 13571, + "la": "Satis multa cum Fufio ac sine odio omnia, nihil sine dolore", + "en": "I have dealt long enough with Fufius'all without anger, nothing without distress." + }, + { + "id": 13572, + "la": "Credo autem, qui generi querelam moderate ferat, aequo animo laturum amici", + "en": "And I believe that since he bears with restraint the complaint of his son-in-law,17 he will calmly bear that of a friend." + }, + { + "id": 13573, + "la": "[7] Venio ad reliquos consularis, quorum nemo est'iure hoc meo dico'quin mecum habeat aliquam coniunctionem gratiae, alii maximam, alii mediocrem, nemo nullam", + "en": "[7] I come now to the other consulars, among whom20 there is no one'I am entitled to say this'who does not have some personal tie with me, very close in some cases, not so close in others, but in every case something." + }, + { + "id": 13574, + "la": "Quam hesternus dies nobis, consularibus dico, turpis illuxit!", + "en": "What a day of dishonor yesterday dawned for us, I mean, for us consulars!" + }, + { + "id": 13575, + "la": "Iterum legatos? Quasi ille faceret indutias?", + "en": "Envoys once again? As if that man were entering into a truce?" + }, + { + "id": 13576, + "la": "Ante os oculosque legatorum tormentis Mutinam verberavit; opus ostendebat munitionemque legatis; ne punctum quidem temporis, cum legati adessent, oppugnatio respiravit", + "en": "But he pounded Mutina with his artillery before the envoys very eyes; he showed the envoys his works and fortifications; there was not a moments respite in the assault while the envoys were present." + }, + { + "id": 13577, + "la": "Ad hunc legatos? Cur? An ut eorum reditu vehementius pertimescatis?", + "en": "Envoys to him? Why? To make you even more frightened than ever upon their return?" + }, + { + "id": 13578, + "la": "Equidem cum ante legatos decerni non censuissem, hoc me tamen consolabar, [quod] cum illi ab Antonio contempti et reiecti revertissent renuntiavissentque senatui non modo illum de Gallia non discessisse, uti censuissemus, sed ne a Mutina quidem recessisse, potestatem sibi D Bruti conveniendi non fuisse, fore ut omnes inflammati odio, excitati dolore, armis, equis, viris D Bruto subveniremus", + "en": "Although previously I had opposed authorizing21 envoys, nevertheless I had this consolation, that when they returned despised and rejected by Antonius, when they reported to the senate that not merely had Antonius failed to evacuate Gaul, as we had decreed, but he had not even withdrawn from Mutina, and that they had not been permitted to meet Decimus Brutus'after such reports, all of us would be aflame with hatred, spurred by indignation, and would go with weapons, cavalry, and infantry to Decimus Brutus assistance." + }, + { + "id": 13579, + "la": "Nos etiam languidiores postea facti sumus quam M Antoni non solum audaciam et scelus sed etiam insolentiam superbiamque perspeximus", + "en": "But we have become even more languid, now that we have seen not only the insolent wickedness of Marcus Antonius but also his arrogant audacity." + }, + { + "id": 13580, + "la": "Utinam L Caesar valeret, Ser Sulpicius viveret!", + "en": "If only Lucius Caesar were well and Servius22 Sulpicius were alive!" + }, + { + "id": 13581, + "la": "Multo melius haec causa ageretur a tribus quam nunc agitur ab uno", + "en": "This cause would be much better pleaded by three than it is now being pleaded by one." + }, + { + "id": 13582, + "la": "Dolenter hoc dicam potius quam contumeliose: deserti, deserti, inquam, sumus, patres conscripti, a principibus", + "en": "I shall say this in sorrow rather than with any wish to cause offense: we are deserted, I repeat, deserted, Members of the Senate, by the leading men." + }, + { + "id": 13583, + "la": "Sed'saepe iam dixi'omnes in tanto periculo qui recte et fortiter sentient erunt consulares", + "en": "But'I have often said it already'in so dangerous a situation all right-minded and courageous persons will be consulars." + }, + { + "id": 13584, + "la": "Animum nobis adferre legati debuerunt: timorem attulerunt'quamquam mihi quidem nullum'quamvis de illo ad quem missi sunt bene existiment: a quo etiam mandata acceperunt", + "en": "The envoys ought to have brought us courage, but instead, they brought alarm'though none to me for sure', however much they entertain a favorable opinion of the person to whom they were sent, from whom they even accepted instructions." + }, + { + "id": 13585, + "la": "[8] Pro di immortales! Ubi est ille mos virtusque maiorum?", + "en": "[8] By the immortal gods! Where is that customary courage of our ancestors?" + }, + { + "id": 13586, + "la": "C Popilius apud maiores nostros cum ad Antiochum regem legatus missus esset et verbis senatus nuntiasset ut ab Alexandria discederet, quam obsidebat, cum tempus ille differret, virgula stantem circumscripsit dixitque se renuntiaturum senatui, nisi prius sibi respondisset quid facturus esset quam ex illa circumscriptione exisset", + "en": "In the days of our ancestors,23 when Gaius Popilius was sent as envoy to king Antiochus19 and conveyed verbatim the senates demand that the king retire from Alexandria, which he was besieging, when the king kept introducing delays, Popilius used a stick to draw a line around him where he stood, and said he would convey a negative report back to the senate unless the king gave him an answer as to his intentions before he left that circle." + }, + { + "id": 13587, + "la": "Praeclare! Senatus enim faciem secum attulerat auctoritatemque [r.p.]; cui qui non paret, non ab eo mandata accipienda sunt, sed ipse est potius repudiandus", + "en": "Admirable! He had brought with him the appearance and authority of the senate, and if a man does not obey it, no directives should be accepted from him, but he himself should be repudiated." + }, + { + "id": 13588, + "la": "An ego ab eo mandata acciperem qui senatus mandata contemneret?", + "en": "Or was I to accept directives24 from one who was defying the senates instructions?" + }, + { + "id": 13589, + "la": "Aut ei cum senatu quicquam commune iudicarem qui imperatorem populi Romani senatu prohibente obsideret?", + "en": "Was I to think that a man who was besieging an imperator of the Roman people against the senates orders had anything in common with the senate?" + }, + { + "id": 13590, + "la": "At quae mandata! Qua adrogantia, quo stupore, quo spiritu!", + "en": "And what directives! What arrogance, what obtuseness, what haughtiness they show!" + }, + { + "id": 13591, + "la": "Cur autem ea legatis nostris dabat, cum ad nos Cotylam mitteret, ornamentum atque arcem amicorum suorum, hominem aedilicium, si vero tum fuit aedilis cum eum iussu Antoni in convivio servi publici loris ceciderunt?", + "en": "And why was he giving them to our envoys when he was sending us Cotyla, an ornament and strong refuge of his friends, an ex-aedile'if indeed he was an aedile on that occasion when public slaves beat him with leather straps at a dinner party on Antonius orders?" + }, + { + "id": 13592, + "la": "At quam modesta mandata! Ferrei sumus, patres conscripti, qui quicquam huic negemus", + "en": "But what modest directives they are! We must have25 hearts of stone, Members of the Senate, to refuse this man anything." + }, + { + "id": 13593, + "la": "Utramque provinciam, inquit, remitto; exercitum depono; privatus esse non recuso.", + "en": "I resign both provinces,20 he says. I lay down my army; I am willing to become a private citizen." + }, + { + "id": 13594, + "la": "Haec sunt enim verba Redire ad se videtur", + "en": "These are his words. He seems to be coming to his senses." + }, + { + "id": 13595, + "la": "Omnia obliviscor, in gratiam redeo. Sed quid adiungit?", + "en": "I forget all that has happened, am ready for a reconciliation. But what comes next?" + }, + { + "id": 13596, + "la": "Si legionibus meis sex, si equitibus, si cohorti praetoriae praemia agrumque dederitis.", + "en": "If you will give bounties and land to my six legions, my cavalry, and my praetorian cohort." + }, + { + "id": 13597, + "la": "Eis etiam praemia postulat quibus ut ignoscatur si postulet, impudentissimus iudicetur", + "en": "He actually demands bounties for men for whom, if he were to demand a pardon, he would be considered grossly impudent." + }, + { + "id": 13598, + "la": "Addit praeterea ut, quos ipse cum Dolabella dederit agros, teneant ei quibus dati sint", + "en": "On top of that, he demands that lands granted by himself and Dolabella be retained by those to whom they were given.21" + }, + { + "id": 13599, + "la": "Hic est Campanus ager et Leontinus, quae duo maiores nostri annonae perfugia ducebant", + "en": "This means the Campanian and Leontine26 territories, both looked upon by our ancestors as the ultimate reserves of the corn supply" + }, + { + "id": 13600, + "la": "[9] Cavet mimis, aleatoribus, lenonibus; Cafoni etiam et Saxae cavet, quos centuriones pugnacis et lacertosos inter mimorum et mimarum greges collocavit", + "en": "[9] He is looking out for the interests of actors, gamblers, pimps; he also safeguards the interests of Cafo and Saxa, those pugnacious, brawny centurions whom he settled among the droves of male and female mimes." + }, + { + "id": 13601, + "la": "Postulat praeterea ut chirographorum sua et commentariorum collegaeque sui decreta maneant", + "en": "He further demands that his own and his colleagues22 decrees concerning memoranda and handwritten documents remain valid." + }, + { + "id": 13602, + "la": "Quid laborat ut habeat quod quisque mercatus est, si quod accepit habet qui vendidit?", + "en": "Why is he concerned that every buyer keep what he bought, so long as the seller keeps what he received?" + }, + { + "id": 13603, + "la": "Et ne tangantur rationes ad Opis; id est, ne septiens miliens recuperetur", + "en": "And he demands that the accounts in the Temple of Ops be left as they are;" + }, + { + "id": 13604, + "la": "Ne fraudi sit septemviris quod egissent", + "en": "that is to say, that the seven hundred million not be recovered.24" + }, + { + "id": 13605, + "la": "Nucula hoc, credo, admonuit; verebatur fortasse ne amitteret tantas clientelas", + "en": "That no penalty attach to the Board of Seven on account of their actions:25 I take this to be Nuculas suggestion; perhaps he was afraid of losing such a vast clientele.26" + }, + { + "id": 13606, + "la": "Caveri etiam vult eis qui secum sint quicquid contra leges commiserint", + "en": "Also Antonius wants to protect those who are with him, as to any breach of law they have committed." + }, + { + "id": 13607, + "la": "Mustelae et Tironi prospicit; de se nihil laborat", + "en": "He is looking out for Mustela and Tiro; he has no concern on his own account." + }, + { + "id": 13608, + "la": "Quid enim commisit umquam? Num aut pecuniam publicam attigit aut hominem occidit aut secum habuit armatos?", + "en": "After all, what law did he ever break? Did he lay hands on27 public funds or kill somebody or have armed men about him?" + }, + { + "id": 13609, + "la": "Sed quid est quod de eis laboret? Postulat enim ne sua iudiciaria lex abrogetur", + "en": "But why should he be concerned about these things, since he demands that his judiciary law not be repealed?" + }, + { + "id": 13610, + "la": "Quo impetrato quid est quod metuat? An ne suorum aliquis a Cyda, Lysiade, Curio condemnetur?", + "en": "If he gets that, what has he to fear? That one of his associates be found guilty by Cydas, Lysiades, and Curius?27" + }, + { + "id": 13611, + "la": "Neque tamen nos urget mandatis pluribus; remittit aliquantum et relaxat", + "en": "However, he does not press us with too many directives, but yields a little and gives way.28" + }, + { + "id": 13612, + "la": "Galliam, inquit, togatam remitto, comatam postulo'otiosus videlicet esse mavolt15'cum sex legionibus, inquit, eisque suppletis ex D Bruti exercitu, non modo ex dilectu suo, tam diuque ut obtineat dum M Brutus C Cassius consules prove consulibus provincias obtinebunt", + "en": "I resign Gallia Togata, he says. I ask for Gallia Comata'obviously he prefers to be at ease29'with six legions, says he; and these to be brought up to strength out of Decimus Brutus army, not just from his own levy; and he demands tenure as long as Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius hold provinces as consuls or proconsuls." + }, + { + "id": 13613, + "la": "Huius comitiis Gaius frater'eius est enim annus'iam repulsam tulit Ipse autem ut quinquennium, inquit, obtineam. At istud vetat lex Caesaris, et tu acta Caesaris defendis", + "en": "In the elections, as he pictures them, his brother Gaius'for it is Gaius year'has already been defeated.30 Provided, he says, that I myself have tenure28 for five years.31 But this demand of yours is forbidden under Caesars law,32 and you are defending Caesars acts." + }, + { + "id": 13614, + "la": "[10] Haec tu mandata, L Piso, et tu, L Philippe, principes civitatis, non dico animo ferre verum auribus accipere potuistis?", + "en": "[10] As to these directives, could you, Lucius Piso, and you, Lucius Philippus, leaders of the community, I do not say put up with them but even listen to them?" + }, + { + "id": 13615, + "la": "Sed, ut suspicor, terror erat quidam: nec vos ut legati apud illum fuistis nec ut consulares, nec vos vestram nec rei publicae dignitatem tenere potuistis", + "en": "But I suspect there was some intimidation: you did not stand in his presence as envoys or as consulars, nor could you maintain your own dignity and that of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 13616, + "la": "Et tamen nescio quo pacto sapientia quadam, credo, quod ego non possem, non nimis irati revertistis", + "en": "And yet, somehow or other, by some sort of philosophy33 as I imagine (something I could not have done myself), you were not too angry when you came back." + }, + { + "id": 13617, + "la": "Vobis M Antonius nihil tribuit, clarissimis viris, legatis populi Romani: nos quid non legato M Antoni Cotylae concessimus?", + "en": "Marcus Antonius did you no courtesies, illustrious men as you were, envoys of the Roman people: what courtesies have we not extended to Marcus Antonius envoy Cotyla?" + }, + { + "id": 13618, + "la": "Cui portas huius urbis patere ius non erat, huic hoc templum patuit; huic aditus in senatum fuit; hic hesterno die sententias vestras in codicillos et omnia verba referebat; huic se etiam summis honoribus usi contra suam dignitatem venditabant", + "en": "It was not right for the gates of this city to stand open to him, and yet this temple was open to him; he was given access to the senate; yesterday, he took down in his notebooks the expressions of your views and your speeches, every word; persons who had filled the highest offices made themselves agreeable to him to the detriment of their own dignity." + }, + { + "id": 13619, + "la": "O di immortales! Quam magnum est personam in re publica tueri principis!", + "en": "By the immortal gods! How hard it is to sustain the role29 of a leader in the Republic!" + }, + { + "id": 13620, + "la": "Quae non animis solum debet sed etiam oculis servire civium", + "en": "That role demands concern not only about what the public thinks but also about what it sees." + }, + { + "id": 13621, + "la": "Domum recipere legatum hostium, in cubiculum admittere, etiam seducere hominis est nihil de dignitate, nimium de periculo cogitantis", + "en": "To receive an envoy of the enemy into ones house, to admit him to ones private chamber, even draw him aside'that is the conduct of a man who thinks nothing of dignity and too much of danger." + }, + { + "id": 13622, + "la": "Quod autem est periculum? Nam si maximum in discrimen venitur, aut libertas parata victori est aut mors proposita victo; quorum alterum optabile est, alterum effugere nemo potest", + "en": "But what is the danger? For if the situation reaches the ultimate crisis, the outcome will be either freedom for the winner or death for the loser, the first of which is prayed for, while the second can be escaped by no one." + }, + { + "id": 13623, + "la": "Turpis autem fuga mortis omni est morte peior", + "en": "Worse than any death is a dishonorable flight from death." + }, + { + "id": 13624, + "la": "Nam illud quidem non adducor ut credam, esse quosdam qui invideant alicuius constantiae, qui labori, qui eius perpetuam in re publica adiuvanda voluntatem et senatui et populo Romano probari moleste ferant", + "en": "For I cannot bring myself to believe that30 there are certain people who are jealous of someones constancy and hard work,34 who are displeased that his unremitting desire to aid the Republic meets with approval from both the senate and the people of Rome." + }, + { + "id": 13625, + "la": "Omnes id quidem facere debebamus, eaque erat non modo apud maiores nostros sed etiam nuper summa laus consularium vigilare [cogitare], adesse animo, semper aliquid pro re publica aut cogitare aut facere aut dicere", + "en": "All of us ought to have done that; and not only in the days of our ancestors but quite recently as well, the highest glory of consulars was to be watchful and alert, to be always thinking or doing or saying something in the interest of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 13626, + "la": "Ego, patres conscripti, Q Scaevolam augurem memoria teneo bello Marsico, cum esset summa senectute et perdita valetudine, cotidie simul atque luceret facere omnibus conveniendi potestatem sui;", + "en": "Members of the Senate, I recall that Quintus31 Scaevola the augur, at the time of the Marsic War,35 although he was very old and broken in health, gave admittance to everyone every day, as soon as it grew light." + }, + { + "id": 13627, + "la": "nec eum quisquam illo bello vidit in lecto, senexque et debilis primus veniebat in curiam", + "en": "And nobody during that war ever saw him in bed: old and feeble though he was, he was the first to arrive at the senate-house." + }, + { + "id": 13628, + "la": "Huius industriam maxime equidem vellem ut imitarentur ei quos oportebat; secundo autem loco ne alterius labori inviderent", + "en": "I would have greatly wished that those who ought to have done so were following his conscientious example; or failing that, that they were not jealous of someone elses toil." + }, + { + "id": 13629, + "la": "[11] Etenim, patres conscripti, cum in spem libertatis sexennio post sumus ingressi diutiusque servitutem perpessi quam captivi servi frugi et diligentes solent, quas vigilias, quas sollicitudines, quos labores liberandi populi Romani causa recusare debemus?", + "en": "[11] Indeed, Members of the Senate, now that after six32 years36 we have begun to entertain the hope of liberty, after enduring servitude longer than enslaved prisoners of war customarily do if they are well behaved and conscientious, we must decline no vigils, no anxieties, no labors in the cause of the freedom of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 13630, + "la": "Equidem, patres conscripti, quamquam hoc honore usi togati solent esse cum est in sagis civitas, statui tamen a vobis ceterisque civibus in tanta atrocitate temporis tantaque perturbatione rei publicae non differre vestitu", + "en": "For my part, Members of the Senate, although persons of this rank by custom retain their togas when the community is in military cloaks, I have decided not to dress differently from you and the rest of the community in so dire a situation and with the Republic in such a state of turmoil." + }, + { + "id": 13631, + "la": "Non enim ita gerimus nos hoc bello consulares ut aequo animo populus Romanus visurus sit nostri honoris insignia, cum partim e nobis ita timidi sint ut omnem populi Romani beneficiorum memoriam abiecerint, partim ita a re publica aversi ut se hosti favere prae se ferant, legatos nostros ab Antonio despectos et irrisos facile patiantur, legatum Antoni sublevatum velint", + "en": "For in this war we consulars are not conducting ourselves in such a way that the Roman people are likely to view the outward signs of our rank with complacency since some of us are so fainthearted that they have cast away all recollection of the Roman peoples favors, while others are so averse to the Republic that they openly admit to supporting the enemy, are quite happy to see our envoys despised and ridiculed by Antonius, want to ease matters for Antonius envoy." + }, + { + "id": 13632, + "la": "Hunc enim reditu ad Antonium prohiberi negabant oportere et in eodem excipiendo sententiam meam corrigebant", + "en": "They said he should not be prevented from rejoining Antonius and wished to correct my proposal by making an exception of him." + }, + { + "id": 13633, + "la": "Quibus geram morem Redeat ad imperatorem suum Varius, sed ea lege ne umquam Romam revertatur", + "en": "I shall humor them. Let Varius go back to his imperator, but on condition that he never return to Rome." + }, + { + "id": 13634, + "la": "Ceteris autem, si errorem suum deposuerint et cum re publica in gratiam redierint, veniam et impunitatem dandam puto", + "en": "As for the rest, if they put their error aside and are reconciled with the Republic, my view is that they should be granted pardon and immunity." + }, + { + "id": 13635, + "la": "Quas ob res ita censeo: Eorum qui cum M Antonio sunt, qui ab armis discesserint et aut ad C Pansam consulem aut ad A Hirtium consulem aut ad D Brutum imperatorem, consulem designatum, aut ad C Caesarem pro praetore ante Idus Martias primas adierint, eis fraudi ne sit quod cum M Antonio fuerint", + "en": "Therefore I propose as follows: That of the persons33 now with Marcus Antonius, those who leave his army and go over to either the consul Gaius Pansa, or the consul Aulus Hirtius, or the imperator and consul-elect Decimus Brutus, or to the propraetor Gaius Caesar, before this fifteenth of March,37 shall suffer no penalty because they were with Marcus Antonius." + }, + { + "id": 13636, + "la": "Si quis eorum qui cum M Antonio sunt fecerit quod honore praemiove dignum esse videatur, uti C Pansa A Hirtius consules, alter ambove, si eis videbitur, de eius honore praemiove primo quoque die ad senatum referant", + "en": "Further that if anyone of those now with Marcus Antonius performs some action deemed worthy of honor or reward, that the consuls Gaius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius, either or both, if they see fit, shall consult the senate concerning an honor or reward for that person on the first day possible." + }, + { + "id": 13637, + "la": "Si quis post hoc senatus consultum ad Antonium profectus esset praeter L Varium, senatum existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse", + "en": "And finally, that if any person joins Antonius after this decree of the senate, Lucius Varius excepted, the senate will deem him to have acted against the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 13638, + "la": "[1] Vellem di immortales fecissent, patres conscripti, ut vivo potius Ser Sulpicio gratias ageremus quam honores mortuo quaereremus", + "en": "[1] I only wish that the immortal gods had made it possible1 for us, Members of the Senate, to thank Servius Sulpicius in life rather than seek ways of honoring him in death." + }, + { + "id": 13639, + "la": "Nec vero dubito quin, si ille vir legationem renuntiare potuisset, reditus eius et vobis gratus fuerit et rei publicae salutaris futurus, non quo L Philippo et L Pisoni aut studium aut cura defuerit in tanto officio tantoque munere, sed cum Ser Sulpicius aetate illis anteiret, sapientia omnibus, subito ereptus e causa totam legationem orbam et debilitatam reliquit", + "en": "Nor do I doubt that if that great man could have reported on the mission, his return would have been both welcome to you and beneficial to the Republic; I say this not because Lucius Philippus and Lucius Piso lacked either zeal or diligence in so important a duty and charge,1 but since Servius Sulpicius surpassed them in age and all of us in wisdom, his sudden loss left the whole embassy bereft and enfeebled." + }, + { + "id": 13640, + "la": "Quod si cuiquam iustus honos habitus est in morte legato, in nullo iustior quam in Ser Sulpicio reperietur", + "en": "Now if ever an honor was properly accorded2 to an envoy in death, no case will be found more deserving than that of Servius Sulpicius." + }, + { + "id": 13641, + "la": "Ceteri qui in legatione mortem obierunt ad incertum vitae periculum sine ullo mortis metu profecti sunt: Ser Sulpicius cum aliqua perveniendi ad M Antonium spe profectus est, nulla revertendi", + "en": "Others who met their deaths on an embassy set out in face of an uncertain risk to life but without any fear of death: Servius Sulpicius set out with some hope of reaching Marcus Antonius, but none of returning." + }, + { + "id": 13642, + "la": "Qui cum ita adfectus esset ut, si ad gravem valetudinem labor accessisset, sibi ipse diffideret, non recusavit quo minus vel extremo spiritu, si quam opem rei publicae ferre posset, experiretur", + "en": "Although he was in such poor health that he himself lacked confidence in his stamina if exertion should be added to grave illness, nevertheless he did not decline to attempt with even his last breath whether he could render any service to the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 13643, + "la": "Itaque non illum vis hiemis, non nives, non longitudo itineris, non asperitas viarum, non morbus ingravescens retardavit, cumque iam ad congressum colloquiumque eius pervenisset ad quem erat missus, in ipsa cura ac meditatione obeundi sui muneris excessit e vita", + "en": "So not winters violence, nor snow, nor the length of the journey, nor the roughness of the roads, nor his worsening illness held him back; and when finally he reached the point of meeting and speaking with the person to whom he had been sent, just as he was pondering and preparing to execute his charge, he departed this life." + }, + { + "id": 13644, + "la": "Ut igitur alia, sic hoc, C Pansa, praeclare, quod et nos ad honorandum Ser Sulpicium cohortatus es et ipse multa copiose de illius laude dixisti", + "en": "In this as in other respects, Gaius Pansa, you have acted3 outstandingly in that you both urged us to honor Servius Sulpicius and yourself eulogized him at abundant length." + }, + { + "id": 13645, + "la": "Quibus a te dictis nihil praeter sententiam dicerem, nisi P Servilio, clarissimo viro, respondendum putarem, qui hunc honorem statuae nemini tribuendum censuit nisi ei qui ferro esset in legatione interfectus", + "en": "After what you have said, I should do no more than present a motion, were it not that I feel some answer should be given to Publius Servilius, an illustrious gentleman, who has given it as his opinion that this honor of a statue ought to be conferred only on an envoy killed by the sword in the course of his mission." + }, + { + "id": 13646, + "la": "Ego autem, patres conscripti, sic interpretor sensisse maiores nostros ut causam mortis censuerint, non genus esse quaerendum", + "en": "Now I, Members of the Senate, interpret our ancestors intention to have been that the cause of death be examined, not the manner of it." + }, + { + "id": 13647, + "la": "Etenim cui legatio ipsa morti fuisset, eius monumentum exstare voluerunt, ut in bellis periculosis obirent homines legationis munus audacius", + "en": "They wanted there to be a monument to an envoy whose actual mission had cost him his life, so that in dangerous wars people should undertake such missions more boldly." + }, + { + "id": 13648, + "la": "Non igitur exempla maiorum quaerenda, sed consilium est eorum a quo ipsa exempla nata sunt explicandum", + "en": "So we should not just look for precedents of our ancestors, but make plain their design out of which those very precedents arose." + }, + { + "id": 13649, + "la": "[2] Lars Tolumnius, rex Veientium, quattuor legatos populi Romani Fidenis interemit, quorum statuae steterunt usque ad meam memoriam in rostris", + "en": "[2] Lars Tolumnius, king of Veii, killed four envoys of4 the Roman people at Fidenae,2 and within my own recollection their statues continued to stand on the Rostra." + }, + { + "id": 13650, + "la": "Iustus honos: eis enim maiores nostri qui ob rem publicam mortem obierant pro brevi vita diuturnam memoriam reddiderunt", + "en": "An honor rightly so bestowed: to those who had met their deaths in the service of the Republic our ancestors gave long-lasting memory in return for brief life." + }, + { + "id": 13651, + "la": "Cn Octavi, clari viri et magni, qui primus in eam familiam quae postea viris fortissimis floruit attulit consulatum, statuam videmus in rostris", + "en": "We see on the Rostra the statue of Gnaeus Octavius,3 a great and famous gentleman, who first brought the consulship into this family, which later could be proud of its very courageous men." + }, + { + "id": 13652, + "la": "Nemo tum novitati invidebat; nemo virtutem non honorabat", + "en": "Nobody in those days looked with ill will upon the lack of noble ancestry;4 nobody did not respect worth." + }, + { + "id": 13653, + "la": "At ea fuit legatio Octavi in qua periculi suspicio non subesset", + "en": "But Octavius mission was one in which lay no suspicion of danger." + }, + { + "id": 13654, + "la": "Nam cum esset missus a senatu ad animos regum perspiciendos liberorumque populorum, maximeque, ut nepotem regis Antiochi, eius qui cum maioribus nostris bellum gesserat, classis habere, elephantos alere prohiberet, Laudiceae in gymnasio a quodam Leptine est interfectus", + "en": "For when he was sent by the senate to observe the dispositions of monarchs and free states, and more particularly to forbid the grandson of that king Antiochus who had waged war with our ancestors to maintain fleets and keep elephants, he was assassinated at Laodicea by one Leptines in the gymnasium." + }, + { + "id": 13655, + "la": "Reddita est ei tum a maioribus statua pro vita quae multos per annos progeniem eius honestaret, nunc ad tantae familiae memoriam sola resta[re]t", + "en": "In return for his life, a statue was then5 granted him by our ancestors, which was to honor his descendants throughout many years, and it is now the sole memorial of so great a family." + }, + { + "id": 13656, + "la": "Atqui et huic et Tullo Cluilio et L Roscio et Sp Antio et C Fulcinio, qui a Veientium rege caesi sunt, non sanguis qui est profusus in morte, sed ipsa mors ob rem publicam obita honori fuit", + "en": "And yet both in his case and in that of the victims of the king of Veii, namely Tullus Cluilius, Lucius Roscius, Spurius Antius, and Gaius Fulcinius, it was not the blood they shed as they died which brought them the honor but the death itself incurred in the service of the Republic." + }, + { + "id": 13657, + "la": "[3] Itaque, patres conscripti, si Ser Sulpicio casus mortem attulisset, dolerem equidem tanto rei publicae vulnere, mortem vero eius non monumento, sed luctu publico esse ornandam putarem", + "en": "[3] So, Members of the Senate, if Servius Sulpicius death had been caused by an accident, I would indeed be grieving at so heavy a loss for the Republic, but I would think that his death should be honored not by a monument, but rather by public mourning." + }, + { + "id": 13658, + "la": "Nunc autem quis dubitat quin ei vitam abstulerit ipsa legatio?", + "en": "But as matters stand, who doubts that it was the embassy itself that took his life?" + }, + { + "id": 13659, + "la": "Secum enim ille mortem extulit quam, si nobiscum remansisset, sua cura, optimi fili fidelissimaeque coniugis diligentia vitare potuisset", + "en": "For he set off carrying his death with him, a death that, had he remained with us, he might have avoided by his own care and the diligence of an excellent son and a very devoted wife." + }, + { + "id": 13660, + "la": "At ille cum videret, si vestrae auctoritati non paruisset, dissimilem se futurum sui, sin paruisset, munus sibi illud pro re publica susceptum vitae finem fore, maluit in maximo rei publicae discrimine emori quam minus quam potuisset videri rei publicae profuisse", + "en": "But when he saw that he would not be true to6 his nature if he did not obey your authority, whereas if he did obey, that charge undertaken for the sake of the Republic would be the end of his life, he preferred at the time of a severe crisis of the Republic to die outright rather than to appear to have done less for the Republic than he might have done." + }, + { + "id": 13661, + "la": "Multis illi in urbibus iter qua faciebat reficiendi se et curandi potestas fuit", + "en": "In many towns through which he passed he had opportunity for refreshment and looking after himself." + }, + { + "id": 13662, + "la": "Aderat et hospitum invitatio liberalis pro dignitate summi viri et eorum hortatio qui una erant missi ad requiescendum et vitae suae consulendum", + "en": "There were invitations from friends, liberal as befitted the dignity of a person so eminent, and encouragement from his fellow envoys to rest and take thought for his life." + }, + { + "id": 13663, + "la": "At ille properans, festinans, mandata vestra conficere cupiens, in hac constantia morbo adversante perseveravit", + "en": "But hastening, hurrying, eager to discharge your commission, he held to his resolve in the face of illness." + }, + { + "id": 13664, + "la": "Cuius cum adventu maxime perturbatus esset Antonius, quod ea quae sibi iussu vestro denuntiarentur auctoritate erant et sententia Ser Sulpici constituta, declaravit quam odisset senatum cum auctorem senatus exstinctum laete atque insolenter tulit", + "en": "His arrival threw Antonius into great consternation, for7 the commands presented to him on your orders had been drawn up on the authority and motion of Servius Sulpicius; Antonius made plain how much he hated the senate by his insolent delight at the demise of the senates guiding counselor." + }, + { + "id": 13665, + "la": "Non igitur magis Leptines Octavium nec Veientium rex eos quos modo nominavi quam Ser Sulpicium occidit Antonius: is enim profecto mortem attulit qui causa mortis fuit", + "en": "Therefore, Leptines did not kill Octavius, nor the king of Veii those whose names I have just mentioned, more certainly than Antonius killed Servius Sulpicius: for obviously he who was the cause of death is responsible for it." + }, + { + "id": 13666, + "la": "Quocirca etiam ad posteritatis memoriam pertinere arbitror exstare quod fuerit de hoc bello iudicium senatus", + "en": "Accordingly, I think it also relevant to the way in which posterity will remember these events that the judgment of the senate concerning this war should stand recorded." + }, + { + "id": 13667, + "la": "Erit enim statua ipsa testis bellum tam grave fuisse ut legati interitus honoris memoriam consecutus sit", + "en": "The statue itself will bear witness that the war was so formidable that the death of an envoy received an honorable memorial." + }, + { + "id": 13668, + "la": "[4] Quod si excusationem Ser Sulpici, patres conscripti, legationis obeundae recordari volueritis, nulla dubitatio relinquetur quin honore mortui quam vivo iniuriam fecimus sarciamus", + "en": "[4] If you are willing to recall, Members of the Senate,8 Servius Sulpicius plea to be excused from undertaking the mission, no doubt will remain about our obligation to repair the injury we did him in life by honoring him in death." + }, + { + "id": 13669, + "la": "Vos enim, patres conscripti'grave dictu est sed dicendum tamen'vos, inquam, Ser Sulpicium vita privastis:", + "en": "For you, Members of the Senate'it is a hard thing to say, but still, it has to be said'you, I repeat, took Servius Sulpicius life:" + }, + { + "id": 13670, + "la": "quem cum videretis re magis morbum quam oratione excusantem, non vos quidem crudeles fuistis'quid enim minus in hunc ordinem convenit?", + "en": "seeing him offer the excuse of illness, not in words so much as in actuality, I will not say you were cruel'what would be more unlike this body?'," + }, + { + "id": 13671, + "la": "'sed cum speraretis nihil esse quod non illius auctoritate et sapientia effici posset, vehementius excusationi obstitistis atque eum qui semper vestrum consensum gravissimum iudicavisset de sententia deiecistis", + "en": "but in your hope that nothing was beyond his authority and wisdom to accomplish, you quite strenuously opposed his excuse and made him change his mind; for in his judgment your united will always weighed most heavily." + }, + { + "id": 13672, + "la": "Ut vero Pansae consulis accessit cohortatio gravior quam aures Ser Sulpici ferre didicissent, tum vero denique filium meque seduxit atque ita locutus est ut auctoritatem vestram vitae suae se diceret anteferre", + "en": "But when9 the consul Pansa added an exhortation in terms more pressing than Servius Sulpicius ears had learned to tolerate, then eventually he drew his son and me aside and said in effect that he put your authority before his own life." + }, + { + "id": 13673, + "la": "Cuius nos virtutem admirati non ausi sumus adversari voluntati", + "en": "Admiring his courage, we did not venture to oppose his will." + }, + { + "id": 13674, + "la": "Movebatur singulari pietate filius; non multum eius perturbationi meus dolor concedebat", + "en": "His son, in his extraordinary devotion, was deeply moved; my sorrow almost matched his distress." + }, + { + "id": 13675, + "la": "Sed uterque nostrum cedere cogebatur magnitudini animi orationisque gravitati, cum quidem ille maxima laude et gratulatione omnium vestrum pollicitus est se quod velletis esse facturum, neque eius sententiae periculum vitaturum cuius ipse auctor fuisset", + "en": "But we were both forced to yield to the nobility of his spirit and the authority of his words when, to enthusiastic applause and joyful expressions of gratitude from all of you, he promised to do as you wished and not to shun the danger arising from a decree that he himself had sponsored." + }, + { + "id": 13676, + "la": "Quem exsequi mandata vestra properantem mane postridie prosecuti sumus; qui quidem discedens mecum ita locutus est ut eius oratio omen fati videretur", + "en": "Early the following day we saw him off, eager to execute your commission, and as he departed, he spoke to me in words which seemed an omen of his doom." + }, + { + "id": 13677, + "la": "[5] Reddite igitur, patres conscripti, ei vitam cui ademistis", + "en": "[5] Therefore, Members of the Senate,10 restore life to him from whom you took it away." + }, + { + "id": 13678, + "la": "Vita enim mortuorum in memoria est posita vivorum", + "en": "For the life of the dead resides in the memory of the living." + }, + { + "id": 13679, + "la": "Perficite ut is quem vos inscii ad mortem misistis immortalitatem habeat a vobis", + "en": "Let him whom you sent to his death unknowingly gain immortality at your hands." + }, + { + "id": 13680, + "la": "Cui si statuam in rostris decreto vestro statueritis, nulla eius legationem posteritatis obscurabit oblivio", + "en": "If by your decree you set up a statue for him on the Rostra, no forgetfulness of generations to come shall dim the memory of his mission." + }, + { + "id": 13681, + "la": "Nam reliqua Ser Sulpici vita multis erit praeclarisque monumentis ad omnem memoriam commendata: semper illius gravitatem, constantiam, fidem, praestantem in re publica tuenda curam atque prudentiam omnium mortalium fama celebrabit", + "en": "The rest of Servius Sulpicius life will be handed down to everlasting recollection by many shining memorials: his gravity, steadfastness, loyalty, exceptional diligence, and wisdom in guarding the Republic will ever be on the lips of all mankind." + }, + { + "id": 13682, + "la": "Nec vero silebitur admirabilis quaedam et incredibilis ac paene divina eius in legibus interpretandis, aequitate explicanda scientia", + "en": "Nor will posterity have nothing to say about that particular amazing, unbelievable, almost superhuman expertise of his in the interpretation of our laws and the unfolding of equity." + }, + { + "id": 13683, + "la": "Omnes ex omni aetate qui in hac civitate intellegentiam iuris habuerunt si unum in locum conferantur, cum Ser Sulpicio non sint comparandi", + "en": "If all who at any period have had understanding of jurisprudence in this community were brought together in one place, there would be no comparing them with Servius Sulpicius." + }, + { + "id": 13684, + "la": "Nec enim ille magis iuris consultus quam iustitiae fuit", + "en": "For he was an expert in justice no less than in jurisprudence." + }, + { + "id": 13685, + "la": "Ita ea quae proficiscebantur a legibus et ab iure civili semper ad facilitatem aequitatemque referebat; neque instituere litium actiones malebat quam controversias tollere", + "en": "To the interpretations11 of statutes and the civil law he always brought flexibility and a sense of fair play; he was not fonder of setting up processes of litigation than of clearing away disputes." + }, + { + "id": 13686, + "la": "Ergo hoc statuae monumento non eget; habet alia maiora", + "en": "Therefore he does not need the monument of a statue; he has other and greater ones." + }, + { + "id": 13687, + "la": "Haec enim statua mortis honestae testis erit, illa memoria vitae gloriosae, ut hoc magis monumentum grati senatus quam clari viri futurum sit", + "en": "For this statue will testify to an honorable death, while those accomplishments of his will be reminders of a glorious life, with the result that this monument will be one of a grateful senate rather than of an illustrious man." + }, + { + "id": 13688, + "la": "Multum etiam valuisse ad patris honorem pietas fili videbitur; qui quamquam adflictus luctu non adest, tamen sic animati esse debetis ut si ille adesset", + "en": "Moreover the devotion of his son will appear to have12 counted for much in the honor paid to the father, and although he is too heavily stricken with grief to be here today, you should feel in your hearts as if he were present." + }, + { + "id": 13689, + "la": "Est autem ita adfectus ut nemo umquam unici fili mortem magis doluerit quam ille maeret patris", + "en": "Such is his distress that no man ever grieved more for the death of an only son than he mourns the death of his father." + }, + { + "id": 13690, + "la": "Et quidem etiam ad famam Ser Sulpici fili arbitror pertinere ut videatur honorem debitum patri praestitisse", + "en": "Indeed I think it concerns the reputation of Servius Sulpicius junior that he should appear to have presented his father with the honor owed to him." + }, + { + "id": 13691, + "la": "Quamquam nullum monumentum clarius Ser Sulpicius relinquere potuit quam effigiem morum suorum, virtutis, constantiae, pietatis, ingeni filium, cuius luctus aut hoc honore vestro aut nullo solacio levari potest", + "en": "To be sure, Servius Sulpicius could have left no finer memorial than a son in his own likeness'the likeness of his character, courage, steadfastness, devotion, and intellect'whose grief can be comforted by this honor from you or in no way at all." + }, + { + "id": 13692, + "la": "[6] Mihi autem recordanti Ser Sulpici multos in nostra familiaritate sermones gratior illi videtur, si qui est sensus in morte, aenea statua futura et ea pedestris quam inaurata equestris, qualis L Sullae primum statua est", + "en": "[6] As I recall my many conversations with Servius Sulpicius13 in the course of our friendship, I have the feeling that if consciousness exists after death, he will prefer a statue of bronze and on foot to a gilt equestrian statue such as was first erected for Lucius Sulla." + }, + { + "id": 13693, + "la": "Mirifice enim Servius maiorum continentiam diligebat, huius saeculi insolentiam vituperabat", + "en": "For Servius had an extraordinary love for the modesty of our ancestors and used to criticize the extravagances of the present epoch." + }, + { + "id": 13694, + "la": "Ut igitur si ipsum consulam quid velit, sic pedestrem ex aere statuam tamquam ex eius auctoritate et voluntate decerno; quae quidem magnum civium dolorem et desiderium honore monumenti minuet et leniet", + "en": "It is therefore by his authority and desire as it were, just as if he were here for me to ask his wishes, that I propose a bronze statue on foot; and it will lessen and ease our countrymens deep grief and sense of loss by the honor of a memorial." + }, + { + "id": 13695, + "la": "Atque hanc meam sententiam, patres conscripti, P Servili sententia comprobari necesse est: qui sepulcrum publice decernendum Ser Sulpicio censuit, statuam non censuit", + "en": "And this proposal of mine, Members of the Senate,14 must necessarily find support in the motion of Publius Servilius, who proposed that Servius Sulpicius be voted a public tomb, but argued against a statue." + }, + { + "id": 13696, + "la": "Nam si mors legati sine caede atque ferro nullum honorem desiderat, cur decernit honorem sepulturae, qui maximus haberi potest mortuo?", + "en": "For if the death of an envoy without bloodshed and weapons calls for no honor, why does he propose the honor of public burial, the greatest honor that can be conferred upon a dead man?" + }, + { + "id": 13697, + "la": "Sin id tribuit Ser Sulpicio, quod non est datum Cn Octavio, cur quod illi datum est huic dandum esse non censet?", + "en": "But if he grants Servius Sulpicius something not given to Gnaeus Octavius, why is he opposed to giving the former what was given to the latter?" + }, + { + "id": 13698, + "la": "Maiores quidem nostri statuas multis decreverunt, sepulcra paucis", + "en": "Our ancestors decreed statues for many, but public tombs only for a few." + }, + { + "id": 13699, + "la": "Sed statuae intereunt tempestate, vi, vetustate, sepulcrorum autem sanctitas in ipso solo est, quod nulla vi moveri neque deleri potest, atque, ut cetera exstinguuntur, sic sepulcra sanctiora fiunt vetustate", + "en": "But statues perish by weather, physical force, or age, whereas the sanctity of tombs is inherent in the soil itself, which no physical force can remove or obliterate; and while other things are destroyed by the lapse of time, tombs only grow more sacred." + }, + { + "id": 13700, + "la": "Augeatur igitur isto honore etiam is vir cui nullus honos tribui non debitus potest; grati simus in eius morte decoranda cui nullam iam aliam gratiam referre possumus", + "en": "Therefore, let this man, on whom no honor can be15 conferred beyond his deserving, be glorified by this honor also; let us show ourselves grateful in distinguishing the death of one to whom we can now make no other return." + }, + { + "id": 13701, + "la": "Notetur etiam M Antoni nefarium bellum gerentis scelerata audacia", + "en": "Also let there be branded the criminal audacity of Marcus Antonius as he wages a wicked war." + }, + { + "id": 13702, + "la": "His enim honoribus habitis Ser Sulpicio repudiatae reiectaeque legationis ab Antonio manebit testificatio sempiterna", + "en": "For in these honors paid to Servius Sulpicius there will remain for all time a testimony to Antonius repudiation and rejection of the mission." + }, + { + "id": 13703, + "la": "[7] Quas ob res ita censeo: Cum Ser Sulpicius Q f Lemonia Rufus difficillimo rei publicae tempore, gravi periculosoque morbo adfectus, auctoritatem senatus, salutem rei publicae vitae suae praeposuerit contraque vim gravitatemque morbi contenderit,", + "en": "[7] For which reasons I make the following motion: Whereas Servius Sulpicius Rufus, son of Quintus, of the tribe Lemonia, in a situation of utmost difficulty for the Republic, being afflicted by a severe and dangerous malady, set the authority of the senate and the welfare of the Republic before his own life and struggled against the strength and severity of his illness" + }, + { + "id": 13704, + "la": "ut in castra M Antoni quo senatus eum miserat perveniret, isque, cum iam prope castra venisset, vi morbi oppressus vitam amiserit maximo rei publicae tempore, eiusque mors consentanea vitae fuerit sanctissime honestissimeque actae, in qua saepe magno usui rei publicae Ser Sulpicius et privatus et in magistratibus fuerit:", + "en": "in order to reach the camp of Marcus Antonius, whither the senate had sent him; and whereas, having almost arrived at the said camp, overborne by the strength of his illness he lost his life at a juncture most serious for the Republic; and whereas his death was in harmony with a most upright and honorable life, in the course of which Servius Sulpicius was often of great service to the Republic both as a private citizen and in public offices;" + }, + { + "id": 13705, + "la": "cum talis vir ob rem publicam in legatione mortem obierit, senatui placere Ser Sulpicio statuam pedestrem aeneam in rostris ex huius ordinis sententia statui, circumque eam statuam locum ludis gladiatoribusque liberos posterosque eius quoquo versus pedes quinque habere, quod is ob rem publicam mortem obierit, eamque causam in basi inscribi;", + "en": "since such a man has met his death while16 an envoy in the service of the Republic: that it is resolved by the senate that a statue, on foot and made of bronze, be erected to Servius Sulpicius on the Rostra by resolution of this body; further that his children and descendants be entitled to a space of five feet in any direction around the said statue5 to view games and gladiatorial shows, because he met his death in the service of the Republic, and that this reason be inscribed upon the pedestal;" + }, + { + "id": 13706, + "la": "utique C Pansa A Hirtius consules, alter ambove, si eis videatur, quaestoribus urbis imperent ut eam basim statuamque faciendam et in rostris statuendam locent, quantique locaverint, tantam pecuniam redemptori attribuendam solvendamque curent", + "en": "further that the consuls Gaius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius, either or both, if they see fit, direct the city quaestors6 to let a contract for the construction and placement on the Rostra of the said pedestal and statue and see to it that the sum agreed be allocated and paid to the contractor." + }, + { + "id": 13707, + "la": "Cumque antea senatus auctoritatem suam in virorum fortium funeribus ornamentisque ostenderit, placere eum quam amplissime supremo suo die efferri", + "en": "And whereas in the past the senate has shown its will in dignifying the funerals of brave men, that it is resolved that on his very last day he be borne to burial with all possible ceremony." + }, + { + "id": 13708, + "la": "Et cum Ser Sulpicius Q f Lemonia Rufus ita de re publica meritus sit ut eis ornamentis decorari debeat, senatum censere atque e re publica existimare aedilis curulis edictum quod de funeribus habeant Ser Sulpici Q f Lemonia Rufi funeri remittere;", + "en": "And whereas17 Servius Sulpicius Rufus, son of Quintus, of the tribe Lemonia, has deserved of the Republic to be honored by the said distinctions, that the senate resolve and deem it in the public interest that the curule aediles suspend their standing order concerning funerals7 insofar as concerns the funeral of Servius Sulpicius Rufus, son of Quintus, of the tribe Lemonia;" + }, + { + "id": 13709, + "la": "utique locum sepulcro in campo Esquilino C Pansa consul, seu quo in loco videbitur, pedes triginta quoquo versus adsignet quo Ser Sulpicius inferatur;", + "en": "further that the consul Gaius Pansa, assign a space thirty feet square for a tomb in the Campus Esquilinus, or wherever shall be thought fitting, to which Servius Sulpicius shall be conveyed," + }, + { + "id": 13710, + "la": "quod sepulcrum ipsius, liberorum posterorumque eius esset, uti quod optimo iure publice sepulcrum datum esset.", + "en": "which tomb shall belong to him and his children and descendants with the full legal title appertaining to a tomb by public grant." + }, + { + "id": 13711, + "la": "Agesilaus Lacedaemonius cum a ceteris scriptoribus tum eximie a Xenophonte Socratico conlaudatus est; eo enim usus est familiarissime", + "en": "Agesilaus the Lacedaemonian was praised, not only by all other historians, but in particular by Xenophon, the disciple of Socrates, whose intimate friend he was." + }, + { + "id": 13712, + "la": "Hic primum de regno cum Leotychide, fratris filio, habuit contentionem Mos erat enim a maioribus Lacedaemoniis traditus, ut duos haberent semper reges, nomine magis quam imperio, ex duabus familiis Procli et Eurysthenis, qui principes ex progenie Herculis Spartae reges fuerunt", + "en": "He began by having a dispute about the throne with Leotychides, his brothers son; for it was the custom of the Lacedaemonians, handed down from their forefathers, always to have two kings (whose power, however, was rather nominal than real) from the families of Procles and Eurysthenes, who were descendants of Hercules and the first kings at Sparta." + }, + { + "id": 13713, + "la": "Horum ex altera in alterius familiae locum regem fieri non licebat; ita suum utraque retinebat ordinem Primum ratio habebatur, qui maximus natu esset ex liberis eius qui regnans decessisset; sin is virile secus non reliquisset, tum deligebatur qui proximus esset propinquitate", + "en": "It was not lawful for one of these to be made king from one family in place of the other; so each family kept its order of succession. Consideration was first given to the eldest of the children of the one who had died upon the throne; but if he had left no male offspring, then his nearest relative was chosen." + }, + { + "id": 13714, + "la": "Mortuus erat Agis rex, frater Agesilai; filium reliquerat Leotychidem Quem ille natum non agnorat, eundem moriens suum esse dixerat Is de honore regni cum Agesilao, patruo suo, contendit neque id quod petivit consecutus est; nam Lysandro suffragante, homine, ut ostendimus supra, factioso et iis temporibus potente, Agesilaus antelatus est", + "en": "Now King Agis, the brother of Agesilaus, had died, leaving a son Leotychides; he had not acknowledged the boy at his birth, but on his death-bed he declared that he was his son. He it was that disputed the title of king with his uncle Agesilaus, but he was unsuccessful; for thanks to the support of Lysander, a man, as we have already shown, who at that time was ambitious and powerful, Agesilaus was preferred." + }, + { + "id": 13715, + "la": "Hic simul atque imperii potitus est, persuasit Lacedaemoniis ut exercitus emitterent in Asiam bellumque regi facerent, docens satius esse in Asia quam in Europa dimicari Namque fama exierat Artaxerxen comparare classes pedestresque exercitus, quos in Graeciam mitteret", + "en": "As soon as Agesilaus was in possession of the throne, he persuaded the Lacedaemonians to send out armies to Asia and make war upon the king, pointing out that it would be better to fight in Asia than in Europe; for the rumour had gone forth that Artaxerxes was equipping a fleet and land forces to send to Greece." + }, + { + "id": 13716, + "la": "Data potestate tanta celeritate usus est, ut prius in Asiam cum copiis pervenerit quam regii satrapae eum scirent profectum Quo factum est ut omnes imparatos imprudentesque offenderet", + "en": "As soon as permission was given him, Agesilaus acted with such rapidity that he arrived in Asia with his forces before the kings satraps knew that he was on his way. The result was that he surprised them all and caught them all unprepared." + }, + { + "id": 13717, + "la": "Id ut cognovit Tissaphernes, qui summum imperium tum inter praefectos habebat regios, indutias a Lacone petivit, simulans se dare operam ut Lacedaemoniis cum rege conveniret, re autem vera ad copias comparandas, easque impetravit trimenstres", + "en": "As soon as his arrival became known to Tissaphernes, who then held the chief authority among the kings governors, he asked the Laconian for a truce, under pretext of trying to reconcile the Lacedaemonians and the king, but actually for the purpose of mustering his forces; and he obtained a truce of three months." + }, + { + "id": 13718, + "la": "Iuravit autem uterque se sine dolo indutias conservaturum", + "en": "The two parties took oath that they would loyally observe the armistice." + }, + { + "id": 13719, + "la": "In qua pactione summa fide mansit Agesilaus; contra ea Tissaphernes nihil aliud quam bellum comparavit Id etsi sentiebat Laco, tamen iusiurandum servabat multumque in eo se consequi dicebat, quod Tissaphernes periurio suo et homines suis rebus abalienaret et deos sibi iratos redderet,", + "en": "That promise Agesilaus kept with the utmost scrupulousness; Tissaphernes, on the contrary, devoted all his time to preparing for war. Although the Laconian knew this, he nevertheless kept his oath and said that in so doing he gained a great advantage, since Tissaphernes by his perjury not only turned men against him but also incurred the wrath of the gods; while" + }, + { + "id": 13720, + "la": "se autem, conservata religione, confirmare exercitum, cum animadverteret deum numen facere secum hominesque sibi conciliari amiciores, quod iis studere consuessent quos conservare fidem viderent", + "en": "he, on the contrary, by keeping his pledge, inspired confidence in his army, because they saw that they had the favour of the gods, while men were more sympathetic towards them, since they commonly side with those whom they see keeping their faith." + }, + { + "id": 13721, + "la": "Postquam indutiarum praeteriit dies, barbarus non dubitans, quod ipsius erant plurima domicilia in Caria et ea regio iis temporibus multo putabatur locupletissima, eo potissimum hostes impetum facturos, omnes suas copias eo contraxerat", + "en": "As soon as the period of the truce came to an end, since the barbarian had many palaces in Caria and that region in those times was regarded as by far the richest part of the kingdom, he felt sure that it was against this that the enemy would be most likely to direct their attack. Accordingly he massed all his troops there." + }, + { + "id": 13722, + "la": "At Agesilaus in Phrygiam se convertit eamque prius depopulatus est quam Tissaphernes usquam se moveret Magna praeda militibus locupletatis, Ephesum hiematum exercitum reduxit atque ibi officinis armorum institutis, magna industria bellum apparavit", + "en": "But Agesilaus turned towards Phrygia and laid that country waste before Tissaphernes could make any move. The great booty enriched his soldiers, and Agesilaus led his army back to Ephesus for the winter; there he established manufactories of arms and prepared for war with great energy." + }, + { + "id": 13723, + "la": "Et quo studiosius armarentur insigniusque ornarentur, praemia proposuit quibus donarentur quorum egregia in ea re fuisset industria Fecit idem in exercitationum generibus, ut, qui ceteris praestitissent, eos magnis adficeret muneribus His igitur rebus effecit ut et ornatissimum et exercitatissimum haberet exercitum", + "en": "And in order that the arms might be made with greater care and adorned more artistically, he offered rewards to those who showed the greatest energy in their manufacture. He followed the same plan with regard to various forms of exercise, giving handsome prizes to those who excelled their fellows; and in that way he succeeded in having an army both finely equipped and excellently trained." + }, + { + "id": 13724, + "la": "Huic cum tempus esset visum copias extrahere ex hibernaculis, vidit, si quo esset iter facturus palam pronuntiasset, hostis non credituros aliasque regiones praesidiis occupaturos neque dubitaturos aliud eum facturum ac pronuntiasset", + "en": "When it appeared to him to be time to lead his troops from their winter quarters, he saw that if he openly announced in advance where he was going to march, the enemy would not believe him and would post their garrisons in other regions, feeling sure that he would do something different from what he had said." + }, + { + "id": 13725, + "la": "Itaque cum ille Sardis iturum se dixisset, Tissaphernes eandem Cariam defendendam putavit In quo cum eum opinio fefellisset victumque se vidisset consilio, sero suis praesidio profectus est; nam cum illo venisset, iam Agesilaus, multis locis expugnatis, magna erat praeda potitus", + "en": "And in fact, when he announced that he would march upon Sardis, Tissaphernes, as before, thought that it was Caria that he ought to defend. And when he was mistaken in that, and saw that he had been outwitted, he was too late in going to the defence of his countrymen; for when he arrived at the spot, Agesilaus had already stormed many places and got possession of a great amount of booty." + }, + { + "id": 13726, + "la": "Laco autem cum videret hostis equitatu superare, numquam in campo sui fecit potestatem et iis locis manum conseruit quibus plus pedestres copiae valerent Pepulit ergo, quotienscumque congressus est, multo maiores adversariorum copias et sic in Asia versatus est, ut omnium opinione victor duceretur", + "en": "Moreover, since the Laconian perceived that the enemy were superior in cavalry, he always avoided meeting them on level ground, but joined battle in places where infantry was more effective; and so, whenever he engaged, he routed far superior forces of his opponents, and conducted his campaigns in Asia in such a manner that in the judgment of all men he was regarded as the victor." + }, + { + "id": 13727, + "la": "Hic cum iam animo meditaretur proficisci in Persas et ipsum regem adoriri, nuntius ei domo venit ephororum missu, bellum Athenienses et Boeotos indixisse Lacedaemoniis: qua re venire ne dubitaret", + "en": "Agesilaus was already planning to march against the Persians and attack the king himself, when a message from home arrived, sent by the ephors, that the Athenians and Boeotians had declared war upon the Lacedaemonians; that he must therefore return at once." + }, + { + "id": 13728, + "la": "In hoc non minus eius pietas suspicienda est quam virtus bellica; qui cum victori praeesset exercitui maximamque haberet fiduciam regni Persarum potiundi, tanta modestia dicto audiens fuit iussis absentium magistratuum, ut si privatus in comitio esset Spartae Cuius exemplum utinam imperatores nostri sequi voluissent!", + "en": "At this juncture his patriotism is no less to be admired than his valour in war; for although he was at the head of a victorious army and had the fullest confidence in his ability to conquer the kingdom of Persia, he showed as much deference in obeying the orders of the magistrates, far away as they were, as if he had been a private citizen in the Ephoreium at Sparta. An example that I only wish our generals had been willing to follow!" + }, + { + "id": 13729, + "la": "Sed illuc redeamus Agesilaus opulentissimo regno praeposuit bonam existimationem multoque gloriosius duxit si institutis patriae paruisset, quam si bello superasset Asiam", + "en": "But let us return to our subject. Agesilaus preferred good repute to the richest of kingdoms, and thought it far more glorious to conform to the customs of his native land than to vanquish Asia by his arms." + }, + { + "id": 13730, + "la": "Hac igitur mente Hellespontum copias traiecit tantaque usus est celeritate ut, quod iter Xerxes anno vertente confecerat, hic transierit XXX diebus", + "en": "Because of that feeling, then, he led his forces across the Hellespont, and showed such speed that in thirty days he completed the march which had occupied Xerxes for an entire year." + }, + { + "id": 13731, + "la": "Cum iam haud ita longe abesset a Peloponneso, obsistere ei conati sunt Athenienses et Boeotii ceterique eorum socii apud Coroneam; quos omnes gravi proelio vicit", + "en": "He was already nearing the Peloponnesus, when the Athenians, the Boeotians and their allies attempted to stop him at Coronea; but he defeated them all in a sanguinary battle." + }, + { + "id": 13732, + "la": "Huius victoriae vel maxima fuit laus, quod, cum plerique ex fuga se in templum Minervae coniecissent quaerereturque ab eo quid iis vellet fieri, etsi aliquot vulnera acceperat eo proelio et iratus videbatur omnibus qui adversus arma tulerant, tamen antetulit irae religionem et eos vetuit violari", + "en": "Of that victory the most glorious feature was this: many of the fugitives had rushed into the temple of Minerva, and when Agesilaus was asked what he wished to be done with them, although he had received several wounds in the battle and was obviously incensed with all those who had borne arms against Sparta, yet he subordinated his anger to respect for religion and forbade their being injured." + }, + { + "id": 13733, + "la": "Neque vero hoc solum in Graecia fecit, ut templa deorum sancta haberet, sed etiam apud barbaros summa religione omnia simulacra arasque conservavit Itaque praedicabat mirari se non sacrilegorum numero haberi qui supplicibus eorum nocuissent, aut non gravioribus poenis adfici qui religionem minuerent, quam qui fana spoliarent", + "en": "And it was not in Greece alone that he held the temples of the gods sacred, but among the barbarians also he was most scrupulous in sparing all their statues and altars. Indeed, he openly declared that he was surprised that those who had injured their suppliants who had taken refuge in such places were not regarded as guilty of sacrilege, or that those were not more severely punished who made light of sacred obligations than those who robbed temples." + }, + { + "id": 13734, + "la": "Post hoc proelium conlatum omne bellum est circa Corinthum ideoque Corinthium est appellatum Hic cum una pugna decem milia hostium Agesilao duce cecidissent eoque facto opes adversariorum debilitatae viderentur, tantum afuit ab insolentia gloriae, ut commiseratus sit fortunam Graeciae, quod tam multi a se victi vitio adversariorum concidissent: namque illa multitudine, si sana mens esset, Graeciae supplicium Persas dare potuisse", + "en": "After this battle the entire war centred about Corinth and hence was known as the Corinthian war. There in a single battle under the lead of Agesilaus ten thousand of the enemy were slain, and in consequence of that disaster the power of his adversaries seemed to be shattered. Yet he was so far from feeling boastful arrogance, that he lamented the fortune of Greece, because through the fault of his opponents his victory had cost the lives of so many of her citizens: for with that great number, if the Greeks had been sensible, they might have been able to take vengeance on the Persians." + }, + { + "id": 13735, + "la": "Idem cum adversarios intra moenia compulisset et ut Corinthum oppugnaret multi hortarentur, negavit id suae virtuti convenire: se enim eum esse dixit qui ad officium peccantes redire cogeret, non qui urbes nobilissimas expugnaret Graeciae Nam si, inquit eos exstinguere voluerimus qui nobiscum adversus barbaros steterunt, nosmet ipsi nos expugnaverimus, illis quiescentibus Quo facto sine negotio, cum voluerint, nos oppriment.", + "en": "Again, when he had driven his foes within the walls and many were urging him to attack Corinth, he said that such an act was unworthy of his valour; for it was his part to recall to their duty those who had gone astray, not to storm the most famous cities of Greece. For, said he, if we set about destroying those who have stood side by side with us against the barbarians, we ourselves shall triumph over one another, while they quietly look on. That done, they will crush us without difficulty, whenever they wish." + }, + { + "id": 13736, + "la": "Interim accidit illa calamitas apud Leuctra Lacedaemoniis Quo ne proficisceretur, cum a plerisque ad exeundum premeretur, ut si de exitu divinaret, exire noluit Idem, cum Epaminondas Spartam oppugnaret essetque sine muris oppidum, talem se imperatorem praebuit, ut eo tempore omnibus apparuerit, nisi ille fuisset, Spartam futuram non fuisse", + "en": "In the meantime that famous disaster at Leuctra befell the Lacedaemonians. Not wishing to embark on that campaign, although he was urged by many to go, as if he divined the outcome he refused to do so. Again, when Epaminondas was attacking Sparta and the city was without walls, he showed himself so able a commander, that it was evident to all that if it had not been for him Sparta would at that time have ceased to exist." + }, + { + "id": 13737, + "la": "In quo quidem discrimine celeritas eius consilii saluti fuit universis Nam cum quidam adulescentuli, hostium adventu perterriti, ad Thebanos transfugere vellent et locum extra urbem editum cepissent, Agesilaus, qui perniciosissimum fore videret si animadversum esset quemquam ad hostis transfugere conari, cum suis eo venit atque, ut si bono animo fecissent, laudavit consilium eorum, quod eum locum occupassent; se quoque id fieri debere animadvertisse", + "en": "In fact, in that critical situation it was his quickness of wit that saved all the citizens. For some young men, panic-stricken by the arrival of the enemy, wished to desert to the Thebans and had taken possession of an elevated place outside the city; then Agesilaus, realizing that the knowledge that anyone was trying to go over to the enemy would be most dangerous, joined them with his troops and commended their good judgment in occupying such a position, pretending to believe that they had done so with good intent, and saying that he too had seen the advisability of such a step." + }, + { + "id": 13738, + "la": "Sic adulescentis simulata laudatione recuperavit et, adiunctis de suis comitibus, locum tutum reliquit Namque illi, aucto numero eorum qui expertes erant consilii, commovere se non sunt ausi eoque libentius, quod latere arbitrabantur quae cogitaverant", + "en": "Thus by his pretended praise he won back the young men, and by joining with them some of his own companions he left the position safe. For they, when the number of those who were not implicated in the plot was increased, did not dare to make any move, and remained quiet the more willingly because they thought that their real designs were not known." + }, + { + "id": 13739, + "la": "Sine dubio post Leuctricam pugnam Lacedaemonii se numquam refecerunt neque pristinum imperium recuperarunt, cum interim numquam Agesilaus destitit quibuscumque rebus posset patriam iuvare", + "en": "It is beyond question that after the battle of Leuctra the Lacedaemonians never recovered their strength or regained their former hegemony, although in the meantime Agesilaus never ceased to aid His country in whatever way he could." + }, + { + "id": 13740, + "la": "Nam cum praecipue Lacedaemonii indigerent pecunia, ille omnibus qui a rege defecerant praesidio fuit; a quibus magna donatus pecunia patriam sublevavit", + "en": "For example, when the Lacedaemonians were above all in need of funds, he went to the help of all those who had revolted against the great king, and when they gave him large sums of money he devoted it to the service of his country." + }, + { + "id": 13741, + "la": "Atque in hoc illud imprimis fuit admirabile, cum maxima munera ei ab regibus ac dynastis civitatibusque conferrentur, quod nihil umquam domum suam contulit, nihil de victu, nihil de vestitu Laconum mutavit", + "en": "And a trait of his that was especially worthy of admiration was this: although lavish gifts were bestowed upon him by kings, princes and nations, he never took anything home with him, and made no change in the manner of life and dress usual with the Laconians." + }, + { + "id": 13742, + "la": "Domo eadem fuit contentus qua Eurysthenes, progenitor maiorum suorum, fuerat usus; quam qui intrarat nullum signum libidinis, nullum luxuriae videre poterat, contra ea plurima patientiae atque abstinentiae Sic enim erat instructa, ut in nulla re differret a cuiusvis inopis atque privati", + "en": "He was content with the same house that had been used by Eurysthenes, the first of his line on entering it, no sign of licence, no sign of luxury was visible, but on the contrary many indications of austerity and frugality; in fact, in its equipment the house did not differ from that of any private citizen of humble means." + }, + { + "id": 13743, + "la": "Atque hic tantus vir ut naturam fautricem habuerat in tribuendis animi virtutibus, sic maleficam nactus est in corpore fingendo; nam et statura fuit humili et corpore exiguo et claudus altero pede Quae res etiam nonnullam adferebat deformitatem, atque ignoti, faciem eius cum intuerentur, contemnebant; qui autem virtutes noverant non poterant admirari satis", + "en": "But although Nature had favoured this great man in bestowing qualities of mind, in fashioning his body he found her unkindly; for he was short of stature, of slender frame, and lame in one foot. These defects made him somewhat ill-favoured, and strangers, who judged him from his appearance, were apt to look upon him with contempt; but those who knew his good qualities could not sufficiently admire him." + }, + { + "id": 13744, + "la": "Quod ei usu venit, cum annorum LXXX subsidio Tacho in Aegyptum iisset et in acta cum suis accubuisset sine ullo tecto stratumque haberet tale, ut terra tecta esset stramentis neque huc amplius quam pellis esset iniecta, eodemque comites omnes accubuissent vestitu humili atque obsoleto, ut eorum ornatus non modo in iis regem neminem significaret, sed homines non beatissimos esse suspicionem praeberet", + "en": "That was his experience when, at the age of eighty, he had gone to the help of Tachos in Egypt. He had taken his place at meat with his men on the shore, without any shelter and having for a couch straw spread on the ground and covered with nothing but a skin; and there too all his companions reclined beside him in plain and well-worn clothing. Their appearance, far from suggesting that there was a king among them, would indicate that they were men of no great wealth." + }, + { + "id": 13745, + "la": "Huius de adventu fama cum ad regios esset perlata, celeriter munera eo cuiusque generis sunt adlata", + "en": "When the report of the Spartans arrival had reached the kings officers, they hastened to bring to his camp gifts of every kind." + }, + { + "id": 13746, + "la": "His quaerentibus Agesilaum vix fides facta est, unum esse ex iis qui tum accubabant Qui cum regis verbis quae attulerant dedissent, ille praeter vitulinam et eius modi genera obsonii quae praesens tempus desiderabat, nihil accepit;", + "en": "When they inquired for Agesilaus, they could hardly believe that he was one of those who were then at meat. When they offered him in the name of the king what they had brought, he refused everything except some veal and similar kinds of food which his circumstances made necessary;" + }, + { + "id": 13747, + "la": "unguenta, coronas secundamque mensam servis dispertiit, cetera referri iussit Quo facto, eum barbari magis etiam contempserunt, quod eum ignorantia bonarum rerum vilia potissimum sumpsisse arbitrabantur", + "en": "perfumes, garlands and desserts he distributed among his servants, the rest he ordered to be taken back. Such conduct led the barbarians to hold him in still greater contempt, since they supposed that he had made his choice through lack of acquaintance with fine things." + }, + { + "id": 13748, + "la": "Hic cum ex Aegypto reverteretur, donatus ab rege Nectanabide ducentis viginti talentis, quae ille muneri populo suo daret, venissetque in portum qui Menelai vocatur, iacens inter Cyrenas et Aegyptum, in morbum implicitus decessit", + "en": "When Agesilaus was on his way back from Egypt after having received from King Nectenebis two hundred and twenty talents to give as a gift to his country, on arriving at the place called the Port of Menelaus, situated between Cyrene and Egypt, he fell ill and died." + }, + { + "id": 13749, + "la": "Ibi eum amici, quo Spartam facilius perferre possent, quod mel non habebant, cera circumfuderunt atque ita domum rettulerunt", + "en": "Thereupon his friends, in order that his body might the more readily be taken to Sparta, having no honey, covered it with wax and thus bore it to his native land." + }, + { + "id": 13750, + "la": "Alcibiades, Cliniae filius, Atheniensis In hoc quid natura efficere possit videtur experta; constat enim inter omnes qui de eo memoriae prodiderunt nihil illo fuisse excellentius vel in vitiis vel in virtutibus", + "en": "1. Alcibiades, the Athenian, son of Clinias. In this man Nature seems to have tried to see what she could accomplish; for it is agreed by all who have written his biography that he was never excelled either in faults or in virtues." + }, + { + "id": 13751, + "la": "Natus in amplissima civitate summo genere, omnium aetatis suae multo formosissimus; ad omnes res aptus consiliique plenus'namque imperator fuit summus et mari et terra'disertus, ut in primis dicendo valeret, quod tanta erat commendatio oris atque orationis, ut nemo ei posset resistere;", + "en": "Born in the most famous of cities of a very noble family, he was by far the handsomest man of his time. He was skilled in every accomplishment and of abundant ability (for he was a great commander both on land and sea); in eloquence he was numbered among the best orators, since his delivery and his style were so admirable that no one could resist him." + }, + { + "id": 13752, + "la": "dives; cum tempus posceret, laboriosus, patiens2; liberalis, splendidus non minus in vita quam victu; affabilis, blandus, temporibus callidissime serviens:", + "en": "He was rich; energetic too, when occasion demanded, and capable of endurance; generous, magnificent not only in public, but in private, life; he was agreeable, gracious, able to adapt himself with the greatest tact to circumstances:" + }, + { + "id": 13753, + "la": "idem, simul ac se remiserat neque causa suberat qua re animi laborem perferret, luxuriosus, dissolutus, libidinosus, intemperans reperiebatur, ut omnes admirarentur in uno homine tantam esse dissimilitudinem tamque diversam naturam", + "en": "but yet, so soon as he relaxed his efforts and there was nothing that called for mental exertion, his extravagance, his indifference, his licentiousness and his lack of self-control were so evident, that all men marvelled that one man could have so varied and contradictory a character." + }, + { + "id": 13754, + "la": "Educatus est in domo Pericli'privignus enim eius fuisse dicitur'eruditus a Socrate Socerum habuit Hipponicum, omnium Graeca lingua loquentium ditissimum; ut, si ipse fingere vellet, neque plura bona eminisci neque maiora posset consequi, quam vel natura vel fortuna tribuerat", + "en": "2. He was brought up in the home of Pericles (for he is said to have been his step-son1). his teacher was Socrates. His father-in-law was Hipponicus, the richest man of all Greek-speaking lands. In fact, if he himself had tried to determine the conditions of his life, he could not have imagined more blessings, or acquired greater advantages, than either Nature or Fortune had bestowed upon him." + }, + { + "id": 13755, + "la": "Ineunte adulescentia amatus est a multis amore Graecorum, in iis Socrate, de quo mentionem facit Plato in Symposio Namque eum induxit commemorantem se pernoctasse cum Socrate neque aliter ab eo surrexisse ac filius a parente debuerit", + "en": "In early youth he was beloved by many, after the Greek fashion, including Socrates, as Plato mentions in his Banquet. For Plato represented him as saying that he had spent the night with Socrates, and had left his bed as a son ought to leave that of his father." + }, + { + "id": 13756, + "la": "Posteaquam robustior est factus, non minus multos amavit, in quorum amore, quoad licitum est odiosa, multa delicate iocoseque fecit; quae referremus, nisi maiora potiora haberemus", + "en": "When he grew older, he had an equally great number of love affairs, in which he showed great elegance and wit, so far as that was possible in hateful practices;2 I would give an account of these if I did not have other and more important topics." + }, + { + "id": 13757, + "la": "Bello Peloponnesio huius consilio atque auctoritate Athenienses bellum Syracusanis indixerunt Ad quod gerendum ipse dux delectus est, duo praeterea collegae dati, Nicias et Lamachus Id cum appararetur, prius quam classis exiret, accidit ut una nocte omnes Hermae qui in oppido erant Athenis deicerentur praeter unum, qui ante ianuam erat Andocidi1'itaque ille postea Mercurius Andocidi vocitatus est", + "en": "3. In the Peloponnesian war it was due to his influence and advice that the Athenians declared war on Syracuse; and to conduct that war he himself was appointed general, along with two colleagues, Nicias and Lamachus. In the midst of the preparations, before the fleet sailed, it happened that on one and the same night all the Hermes-pillars1 in the city of Athens were thrown down except one; that one was before the door of Andocides, and hence it was afterwards called the Mercury of Andocides." + }, + { + "id": 13758, + "la": "Hoc cum appareret non sine magna multorum consensione esse factum, quae non ad privatam, sed publicam rem pertineret, magnus multitudini timor est iniectus ne qua repentina vis in civitate exsisteret, quae libertatem opprimeret populi", + "en": "Since it was obvious that such an outrage could have been committed only by the common effort of numerous accomplices, and since this seemed to be directed rather against the state than against individuals, the people were filled with great apprehension, fearing the outbreak of some sudden disturbance in the state, designed to overthrow their freedom." + }, + { + "id": 13759, + "la": "Hoc maxime convenire in Alcibiadem videbatur, quod et potentior et maior quam privatus existimabatur; multos enim liberalitate devinxerat, plures etiam opera forensi suos reddiderat Qua re fiebat ut omnium oculos, quotienscumque in publicum prodisset, ad se converteret neque ei par quisquam in civitate poneretur Itaque non solum spem in eo habebant maximam, sed etiam timorem, quod et obesse plurimum et prodesse poterat", + "en": "These suspicions seemed to point especially to Alcibiades, because he was regarded as too powerful and too great to be content with a private station; for he had won the devotion of many men by his generosity, and had made a still greater number his debtors by help in the courts. The result was, that whenever he appeared in public, he drew all eyes upon himself, and no one of the citizens was considered his equal. And so he not only filled them with the highest hopes, but also with profound apprehension, because he was capable of doing a great deal of harm, as well as a great deal of good." + }, + { + "id": 13760, + "la": "Aspergebatur etiam infamia, quod in domo sua facere mysteria dicebatur, quod nefas erat more Atheniensium; idque non ad religionem, sed ad coniurationem pertinere existimabatur", + "en": "His reputation was also assailed because it was said that he celebrated the mysteries1 in his own house, which was impious by the tradition of the Athenians; and it was thought that he did so, not from religious, but revolutionary, motives." + }, + { + "id": 13761, + "la": "Hoc crimine in contione ab inimicis compellabatur Sed instabat tempus ad bellum proficiscendi Id ille intuens neque ignorans civium suorum consuetudinem, postulabat, si quid de se agi vellent, potius de praesente quaestio haberetur quam absens invidiae crimine accusaretur", + "en": "4. It was this charge that was brought against him by his enemies in the public assembly. But the time was at hand for beginning the campaign, and Alcibiades, having that circumstance in mind, and knowing the ways of his fellow-citizens, begged them, in case they intended to take any action against him, to conduct the investigation while he was present, rather than bring forward in his absence charges inspired by malice." + }, + { + "id": 13762, + "la": "Inimici vero eius quiescendum in praesentia, quia noceri ei non posse intellegebant, et illud tempus exspectandum decreverunt quo is exisset, ut absentem aggrederentur;itaque fecerunt Nam postquam in Siciliam eum pervenisse crediderunt, absentem quod sacra violasset reum fecerunt", + "en": "His enemies, however, thought it best to keep quiet for the present, since they knew that they could not harm him, and wait for the time of his departure, in order to attack him behind his back. And that is what they did; for as soon as they believed that he had reached Sicily, they charged him in his absence with profanation of sacred rites." + }, + { + "id": 13763, + "la": "Qua de re cum ei nuntius a magistratu in Siciliam missus esset, ut domum ad causam dicendam rediret, essetque in magna spe provinciae bene administrandae, non parere noluit et in trierem quae ad eum erat deportandum missa ascendit", + "en": "Because of this, a message was sent to Alcibiades in Sicily by the authorities, ordering him to return home and present his defence; and although he had high hopes of success in his mission, he was unwilling to disobey the order and embarked on the trireme that had been sent to bring him back." + }, + { + "id": 13764, + "la": "Hac Thurios in Italiam pervectus, multa secum reputans de immoderata civium suorum licentia crudelitateque erga nobiles, utilissimum ratus impendentem evitare tempestatem, clam se ab custodibus subduxit et inde primum Elidem, dein Thebas venit", + "en": "In this he was taken to Thurii in Italy, and there pondering deeply on the unbridled licence of his fellow-citizens, and their cruelty to men of high rank, he deemed it best to avoid the threatening storm; so he eluded his guards and made his escape, first to Elis, and then to Thebes." + }, + { + "id": 13765, + "la": "Postquam autem se capitis damnatum bonis publicatis audivit, et, id quod usu venerat, Eumolpidas sacerdotes a populo coactos ut se devoverent, eiusque devotionis quo testatior esset memoria, exemplum in pila lapidea incisum esse positum in publico, Lacedaemonem demigravit", + "en": "But as soon as he learned that he had been condemned to death and his property confiscated, and that the priests known as Eumolpidae1'an action for which there was precedent'had been compelled by the people to pronounce a curse upon him, and that to perpetuate the memory of that curse a copy had been inscribed upon a stele of stone and set up in a public place, he went to live in Lacedaemon." + }, + { + "id": 13766, + "la": "Ibi, ut ipse praedicare consuerat, non adversus patriam, sed inimicos suos bellum gessit, qui iidem hostes essent civitati; nam cum intelligerent se plurimum prodesse posse reipublicae,ex ea eiecisse plusque irae suae quam utilitati communi paruisse", + "en": "There, as he himself used to declare, Alcibiades waged war, not against his country, but against his personal enemies, since they were also the enemies of their country; for although they knew that he could be of great service to the state, they had caused his banishment, having an eye rather to their own resentment than to the public welfare." + }, + { + "id": 13767, + "la": "Itaque huius consilio Lacedaemonii cum Perse rege amicitiam fecerunt, dein Deceleam in Attica munierunt, praesidioque ibi perpetuo posito, in obsidione Athenas tenuerunt", + "en": "Thus it was by his advice that the Lacedaemonians made friends with the king of Persia, and then fortified Decelea in Attica and placed a permanent garrison there, thus holding Athens in a state of siege." + }, + { + "id": 13768, + "la": "Eiusdem opera Ioniam a societate averterunt Atheniensium Quo facto multo superiores bello esse coeperunt", + "en": "It was through him too that the Lacedaemonians separated the Ionian cities from their alliance with the Athenians, after which Sparta began to have great advantage in the war." + }, + { + "id": 13769, + "la": "Neque vero his rebus tam amici Alcibiadi sunt facti quam timore ab eo alienati; nam cum acerrimi viri praestantem prudentiam in omnibus rebus cognoscerent, pertimuerunt ne caritate patriae ductus aliquando ab ipsis descisceret et cum suis in gratiam rediret Itaque tempus eius interficiundi quaerere instituerunt", + "en": "Yet by these services the Lacedaemonians were not so much attached to Alcibiades as they were led to fear and dislike him. Indeed, realizing the surpassing and many-sided ability of that most energetic of men, they feared that one day, led by love of country, he might turn from them and become reconciled with his own citizens. They therefore resolved to seek an opportunity for assassinating him" + }, + { + "id": 13770, + "la": "Id Alcibiades diutius celari non potuit; erat enim ea sagacitate ut decipi non posset, praesertim cum animum attendisset ad cavendum Itaque ad Tissaphernem, praefectum regis Darii, se contulit", + "en": "That design could not long be concealed from Alcibiades; for his keenness was such that he could not be deceived, especially when he had made up his mind that he must be on his guard. Accordingly, he took refuge with Tissaphernes, one of the prefects of king Darius." + }, + { + "id": 13771, + "la": "Cuius cum in intimam amicitiam pervenisset et Atheniensium, male gestis in Sicilia rebus, opes senescere, contra Lacedaemoniorum crescere videret, initio cum Pisandro praetore, qui apud Samum exercitum habebat, per internuntios conloquitur et de reditu suo facit mentionem Erat enim eodem quo Alcibiades sensu, populi potentiae non amicus et optimatium fautor", + "en": "Having won the Persians intimate friendship, and perceiving that the power of Athens was waning after the reverse in Sicily, while that of Lacedaemon was growing, he first conferred through intermediaries with Pisander, a general who had an army at Samos, hinting at the possibility of his return to Athens; for Pisander held the same political opinions as Alcibiades, being no friend to popular government but favouring the aristocrats." + }, + { + "id": 13772, + "la": "Ab hoc destitutus, primum per Thrasybulum, Lyci filium, ab exercitu recipitur praetorque fit apud Samum; post, suffragante Theramene, populi scito restituitur parique absens imperio praeficitur simul cum Thrasybulo et Theramene", + "en": "Meeting with no encouragement from him, Alcibiades was first received by the army through Thrasybulus, son of Lycus, and made general at Samos; later, with the support of Theramenes, he was restored by vote of the people and in his absence was given equal powers with Thrasybulus and Theramenes." + }, + { + "id": 13773, + "la": "Horum in imperio tanta commutatio rerum facta est, ut Lacedaemonii, qui paulo ante victores viguerant, perterriti pacem peterent Victi enim erant quinque proeliis terrestribus, tribus navalibus, in quibus ducentas naves triremes amiserant, quae captae in hostium venerant potestatem", + "en": "During the command of these three men such a change of fortune took place that the Lacedaemonians, who shortly before were flushed with success, now in terror sued for peace. In fact, they had lost five battles on land and three on the sea, and the latter had cost them two hundred triremes, which were captured and came into the hands of the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 13774, + "la": "Alcibiades simul cum collegis receperat Ioniam, Hellespontum, multas praeterea urbes Graecas, quae in ora sitae sunt Asiae, quarum expugnarant complures, in iis Byzantium, neque minus multas consilio ad amicitiam adiunxerant, quod in captos clementia fuerant usi Ita praeda onusti, locupletato exercitu, maximis rebus gestis, Athenas venerunt", + "en": "Alcibiades, acting with his colleagues, had recovered Ionia, the Hellespont, and, besides, many Greek cities situated on the coast of Asia; several of these they had stormed, including Byzantium; but of quite as many they had secured the alliance by their good judgment in showing mercy to their prisoners. So, ladened with booty, and having enriched the army, they returned to Athens in triumph." + }, + { + "id": 13775, + "la": "His cum obviam universa civitas in Piraeum descendisset, tanta fuit omnium exspectatio visendi Alcibiadis, ut ad eius triremem vulgus conflueret,proinde ac si solus advenisset", + "en": "6. The whole city went down to the Piraeus to meet them; but so strong and so universal was the desire of seeing Alcibiades that the people gathered about his trireme exactly as if he had come alone." + }, + { + "id": 13776, + "la": "Sic enim populo erat persuasum, et adversas superiores et praesentes secundas res accidisse eius opera Itaque et Siciliae amissum et Lacedaemoniorum victorias culpae suae tribuebant, quod talem virum e civitate expulissent Neque id sine causa arbitrari videbantur; nam postquam exercitui praeesse coeperat, neque terra neque mari hostes pares esse potuerant", + "en": "In fact, the people were convinced that it was to him that their former disasters and their present successes were due. Consequently, they blamed themselves for the loss of Sicily1 and the victories of the Lacedaemonians, because they had banished so great a man from the state. And they seemed to have grounds for that opinion; for no sooner had he been put in command of the army than the enemy had been outmatched by land and by sea." + }, + { + "id": 13777, + "la": "Hic ut e navi egressus est, quamquam Theramenes et Thrasybulus iisdem rebus praefuerant simulque venerant in Piraeum, tamen unum omnes illum prosequebantur, et, id quod numquam antea usu venerat nisi Olympiae victoribus, coronis aureis taeniisque vulgo donabatur Ille lacrimans talem benevolentiam civium suorum accipiebat, reminiscens pristini temporis acerbitatem", + "en": "When Alcibiades disembarked, although Thrasybulus and Theramenes had shared in the command and had come to the Piraeus with him, it was Alcibiades alone that all the people escorted, and crowns of gold and fillets were showered upon him everywhere, a thing which had never happened before except to victors at Olympia. He received these tokens of his fellow-citizens devotion with tears in his eyes, as he recalled their cruelty in the past." + }, + { + "id": 13778, + "la": "Postquam astu venit, contione advocata sic verba fecit, ut nemo tam ferus fuerit quin eius casui inlacrimarit inimicumque iis se ostenderit quorum opera patria pulsus fuerat, proinde ac si alius populus, non ille ipse qui tum flebat, eum sacrilegii damnasset", + "en": "As soon as he arrived in the city, the assembly was convoked and he spoke in such terms that there was none so hard-hearted as not to weep at his lot and give vent to their anger against those who had caused his exile'just as if it had been another people, and not those who were then shedding tears, that had condemned him for impiety." + }, + { + "id": 13779, + "la": "Restituta ergo huic sunt publice bona, eidemque illi Eumolpidae sacerdotes rursus resacrare sunt coacti qui eum devoverant, pilaeque illae in quibus devotio fuerat scripta in mare praecipitatae", + "en": "Accordingly, his goods were restored to him at the states expense, and the Eumolpidae, the same priests who had pronounced the curse upon him, were compelled to retract it, while the pillars upon which the curse had been inscribed were thrown into the sea." + }, + { + "id": 13780, + "la": "Haec Alcibiadi laetitia non nimis fuit diuturna Nam cum ei omnes essent honores decreti totaque res publica domi bellique tradita, ut unius arbitrio gereretur, et ipse postulasset ut duo sibi collegae darentur, Thrasybulus et Adimantus, neque id negatum esset, classe in Asiam profectus, quod apud Cymen minus ex sententia rem gesserat, in invidiam recidit; nihil enim eum non efficere posse ducebant", + "en": "7. But this joy of Alcibiades was of none too long duration. When all possible honours had been voted him and all the business of the state at home and abroad had been entrusted to him alone, to be managed as he wished, and he had asked that two colleagues, Thrasybulus and Adimantus, be given him and his request was granted, he set out for Asia with a fleet; and having been less successful at Cyme1 than was hoped, he again fell into disfavour; for the people thought that there was nothing that he could not accomplish." + }, + { + "id": 13781, + "la": "Ex quo fiebat ut omnia minus prospere gesta culpae tribuerent, cum aut eum neglegenter aut malitiose fecisse loquerentur, sicut tum accidit; nam corruptum a rege capere Cymen noluisse arguebant", + "en": "Consequently, they attributed all reverses to his fault, declaring that he had shown either negligence or treachery. And that was what happened in this instance; for they said that he had not tried to take Cyme, because he had been bribed by the king." + }, + { + "id": 13782, + "la": "Itaque huic maxime putamus malo fuisse nimiam opinionem ingenii atque virtutis; timebatur enim non minus quam diligebatur, ne secunda fortuna magnisque opibus elatus, tyrannidem concupisceret Quibus rebus factum est ut absenti magistratum abrogarent et alium in eius locum substituerent", + "en": "Therefore I am convinced that nothing was more to his disadvantage than the excessive confidence in his ability and valour; for his countrymen feared him no less than they loved him, thinking that he might be carried away by good fortune and great power, and wish to become tyrant. The result of this was, that while he was away from Athens, they deprived him of his office and appointed another in his place." + }, + { + "id": 13783, + "la": "Id ille ut audivit, domum reverti noluit et se Pactyen contulit ibique tria castella communiit, Ornos, Bizanthen, Neontichos, manuque conlecta, primus Graecae civitatis in Thraeciam introiit, gloriosius existimans barbarorum praeda locupletari quam Graiorum", + "en": "As soon as Alcibiades heard of that action, he gave up any thought of returning home and went to Pactye, where he fortified three strongholds, Orni, Bizanthe and Neontichos; then gathering a band of followers, he was the first member of a Greek state to penetrate Thrace, thinking it more glorious to enrich himself by pillaging the barbarians than the Greeks." + }, + { + "id": 13784, + "la": "Qua ex re creverat cum fama tum opibus, magnamque amicitiam sibi cum quibusdam regibus Thraeciae pepererat", + "en": "Through this enterprise he increased both in fame and in wealth, besides gaining the intimate friendship of some of the kings of Thrace." + }, + { + "id": 13785, + "la": "Neque tamen a caritate patriae potuit recedere Nam cum apud Aegos flumen Philocles, praetor Atheniensium, classem constituisset suam neque longe abesset Lysander, praetor Lacedaemoniorum, qui in eo erat occupatus ut bellum quam diutissime duceret, quod ipsis pecunia a rege suppeditabatur, contra Atheniensibus exhaustis praeter arma et naves nihil erat super, Alcibiades ad exercitum venit Atheniensium ibique praesente vulgo agere coepit: si vellent, se coacturum Lysandrum dimicare aut pacem petere spopondit3; Lacedaemonios eo nolle classe confligere, quod pedestribus copiis plus quam navibus valerent; sibi autem esse facile Seuthem, regem Thraecum, deducere ut eum terra depelleret; quo facto, necessario aut classe conflicturum aut bellum compositurum", + "en": "8. In spite of all, Alcibiades could not renounce his love for his country; indeed, when Philocles, the Athenian general, had brought his fleet to anchor near Aegospotamoi, and Lysander, the Lacedaemonian commander, who was not far off, was making every effort to prolong the war, because money was being supplied to his countrymen by the Persian king, while the Athenians, at the end of their resources, had nothing left but their arms and their ships, Alcibiades came to the Athenian army. There, in the presence of the common soldiers, he began to plead with them, pledging himself, if they wished, to compel Lysander either to fight or sue for peace; he said that the Lacedaemonians did not wish a naval battle, because their land forces were stronger than their fleet; but that it would be easy for him to induce Seuthes, king of the Thracians, to-drive Lysander from the land; and that would oblige the Spartan either to engage with his fleet or end the war." + }, + { + "id": 13786, + "la": "Id etsi vere dictum Philocles animadvertebat, tamen postulata facere noluit, quod sentiebat se, Alcibiade recepto, nullius momenti apud exercitum futurum et, si quid secundi evenisset, nullam in ea re suam partem fore, contra ea, si quid adversi accidisset, se unum eius delicti futurum reum", + "en": "Although Philocles1 understood that what Alcibiades said was true, he nevertheless did not choose to do what he asked, because he saw that if the exile were taken back, he himself would be of no importance in the army; also that in the event of success he would be given no credit, while if any reverse was suffered, he alone would be held responsible." + }, + { + "id": 13787, + "la": "Ab hoc discedens, Alcibiades Quoniam, inquit, victoriae patriae repugnas, illud moneo, ne iuxta hostem castra habeas nautica; periculum est enim, ne immodestia militum vestrorum occasio detur Lysandro vestri opprimendi exercitus.", + "en": "As he left him, Alcibiades said: Since you do not wish victory for your country, I give you this bit of advice; do not keep your naval camp near the enemy; for there is reason to fear that the lack of discipline of your soldiers may give Lysander an opportunity of crushing your army." + }, + { + "id": 13788, + "la": "Neque ea res illum fefellit; nam Lysander cum per speculatores comperisset vulgum Atheniensium in terram praedatum exisse navesque paene inanes relictas, tempus rei gerendae non dimisit eoque impetu bellum totum delevit", + "en": "And he was not mistaken; for when Lysander had learned through scouts that a great part of the Athenian soldiers had gone ashore to pillage, leaving the ships almost empty, he did not let the chance for action slip, and by his attack he brought the whole war to an end." + }, + { + "id": 13789, + "la": "At Alcibiades, victis Atheniensibus non satis tuta eadem loca sibi arbitrans, penitus in Thraeciam se supra Propontidem abdidit, sperans ibi facillime suam fortunam occuli posse", + "en": "But Alcibiades, thinking that after the defeat of the Athenians he was not altogether safe in his present residence, withdrew far into Thrace and went into hiding beyond the Propontis, thinking that there his existence might most easily be concealed." + }, + { + "id": 13790, + "la": "Falso Nam Thraeces, postquam eum cum magna pecunia venisse senserunt, insidias fecerunt qui ea quae apportarat abstulerunt, ipsum capere non potuerunt", + "en": "But he was mistaken; for as soon as the Thracians learned that he had come there with a large amount of money, they laid a trap for him; and they were successful in carrying off what he had brought with him, although they could not take the man himself." + }, + { + "id": 13791, + "la": "Ille, cernens nullum locum sibi tutum in Graecia propter potentiam Lacedaemoniorum, ad Pharnabazum in Asiam transiit, quem quidem adeo sua cepit humanitate, ut eum nemo in amicitia antecederet Namque ei Grynium dederat, in Phrygia castrum, ex quo quinquagena talenta vectigalis capiebat", + "en": "Then, perceiving that no place in Greece was safe for him because of the power of the Lacedaemonians, he took refuge in Asia with Pharnabazus, whom he so captivated by his personal charm, that he became the Persians dearest friend. In fact Pharnabazus gave him Grynium, a stronghold of Phrygia, from which he received a yearly revenue of fifty talents." + }, + { + "id": 13792, + "la": "Qua fortuna Alcibiades non erat contentus neque Athenas victas Lacedaemoniis servire poterat pati Itaque ad patriam liberandam omni ferebatur cogitatione", + "en": "Alcibiades, however, was not contented with his present lot, nor could he endure the idea that Athens was vanquished and enslaved to the Lacedaemonians. In consequence, all his thoughts were set upon freeing his country." + }, + { + "id": 13793, + "la": "Sed videbat id sine rege Perse non posse fieri ideoque eum amicum sibi cupiebat adiungi, neque dubitabat facile se consecuturum, si modo eius conveniundi habuisset potestatem Nam Cyrum fratrem ei bellum clam parare Lacedaemoniis adiuvantibus sciebat; id si aperuisset, magnam se initurum gratiam videbat", + "en": "It was clear to him, however, that he could accomplish nothing without the aid of the Persian king,1 and for that reason he desired to win his friendship. And he felt confident of so doing, if only he could have the opportunity of meeting him. For he knew that the kings brother Cyrus was secretly planning to make war upon Artaxerxes with the help of the Lacedaemonians, and he perceived that if he should give information of that plot, he would win great gratitude." + }, + { + "id": 13794, + "la": "Hoc cum moliretur peteretque a Pharnabazo ut ad regem mitteretur, eodem tempore Critias ceterique tyranni Atheniensium certos homines ad Lysandrum in Asiam miserant, qui eum certiorem facerent, nisi Alcibiadem sustulisset, nihil earum rerum fore ratum, quas ipse Athenis constituisset; qua re, si suas res gestas manere vellet, illum persequeretur", + "en": "10. At the very time that Alcibiades was making this plan and urging Pharnabazus to send him to the king, Critias and the other tyrants of Athens had sent trusty messengers to Asia, to inform Lysander that unless he got rid of Alcibiades, none of the arrangements which he had made at Athens would be permanent. Therefore, if he wished what he had done to be lasting, he must try to capture the fugitive." + }, + { + "id": 13795, + "la": "His Laco rebus commotus statuit accuratius sibi agendum cum Pharnabazo Huic ergo renuntiat quae regi cum Lacedaemoniis essent, nisi Alcibiadem vivum aut mortuum sibi tradidisset Non tulit hunc satrapes et violare clementiam quam regis opes minui maluit", + "en": "These threats disturbed the Laconian, who made up his mind that he must deal more decidedly with Pharnabazus; he therefore threatened to renounce the agreement between the king and the Lacedaemonians, unless Pharnabazus would deliver Alcibiades into his hands alive or dead. The satrap could not hold out against him, and preferred to do violence to the laws of humanity rather than see the kings power lessened." + }, + { + "id": 13796, + "la": "Itaque misit Susamithren et Bagaeum ad Alcibiadem interficiendum, cum ille esset in Phrygia iterque ad regem compararet Missi clam vicinitati in qua tum Alcibiades erat dant negotium ut eum interficiant", + "en": "Pharnabazus therefore sent Susamithres and Bagaeus to kill Alcibiades, while he was in Phrygia and was preparing to go to the king. These emissaries secretly instructed those who dwelt near the place where Alcibiades then was to slay him." + }, + { + "id": 13797, + "la": "Illi, cum ferro aggredi non auderent, noctu ligna contulerunt circa casam eam, in qua quiescebat, eamque succenderunt, ut incendio conficerent, quem manu superari posse diffidebant", + "en": "They, however, did not dare to attack him openly, but by night piled wood about the house in which he slept and set fire to it, in order to destroy in that way a man whom they had no hope of being able to overcome by arms." + }, + { + "id": 13798, + "la": "Ille autem ut sonitu flammae est excitatus, etsi gladius ei erat subductus, familiaris sui subalare telum eripuit Namque erat cum eo quidam ex Arcadia hospes, qui numquam discedere voluerat Hunc sequi se iubet et id quod in praesentia vestimentorum fuit adripit His in ignem eiectis, flammae vim transiit", + "en": "But when Alcibiades was awakened by the crackling flames, although his sword had been filched from him, he seized a dagger1 belonging to a friend; for he had with him a guest-friend from Arcadia, who had always refused to leave him. This man Alcibiades ordered to follow him, and catching up whatever clothing there was at hand, he threw it upon the fire and dashed through the raging flames." + }, + { + "id": 13799, + "la": "Quem ut barbari incendium effugisse viderunt, telis eminus missis interfecerunt caputque eius ad Pharnabazum rettulerunt At mulier quae cum eo vivere consuerat muliebri sua veste contectum, aedificii incendio mortuum cremavit quod ad vivum interimendum erat comparatum Sic Alcibiades annos circiter XL natus diem obiit supremum", + "en": "When the barbarians saw that he had escaped the fire, they hurled weapons at him from a distance and thus killed him; then they took his head to Pharnabazus. But a woman who used to live with him covered the corpse with one of her robes and burned it in the fire which consumed the house, the very fire that had been designed to burn the occupant alive. Thus Alcibiades met his end at the age of about forty years." + }, + { + "id": 13800, + "la": "Hunc infamatum a plerisque tres gravissimi historici summis laudibus extulerunt: Thucydides, qui eiusdem aetatis fuit, Theopompus, post aliquanto natus, et Timaeus; qui quidem duo maledicentissimi nescio quo modo in illo uno laudando consenserunt", + "en": "11. Although his reputation has been assailed by many writers, Alcibiades has been highly praised by three authoritative historians: Thucydides, who belonged to the same period, Theopompus, who was born somewhat later than he, and Timaeus. These last two, who are strongly inclined to abuse, somehow agree in praising that one man" + }, + { + "id": 13801, + "la": "Namque ea quae supra scripsimus de eo praedicarunt atque hoc amplius: cum Athenis, splendidissima civitate, natus esset, omnes splendore ac dignitate superasse vitae", + "en": "For it is they that are my authority for what I have previously4 written about him, as well as for the following appraisement: although he was a native of Athens, most magnificent of cities, he surpassed all his fellow-citizens in the elegance and distinction of his manner of life." + }, + { + "id": 13802, + "la": "postquam inde expulsus Thebas venerit, adeo studiis eorum inservisse, ut nemo eum labore corporisque viribus posset aequiperare'omnes enim Boeotii magis firmitati corporis quam ingenii acumini inserviunt;", + "en": "When he was banished and went to Thebes, he so adapted himself to the ways of that city that no one could equal him in bodily strength and endurance (for the Boeotians as a whole aim to excel in strength of body rather than in keenness of intellect)." + }, + { + "id": 13803, + "la": "eundem apud Lacedaemonios, quorum moribus summa virtus in patientia ponebatur, sic duritiae se dedisse, ut parsimonia victus atque cultus omnes Lacedaemonios vinceret; fuisse apud Thraecas, homines vinolentos rebusque veneriis deditos: hos quoque in his rebus antecessisse;", + "en": "At Lacedaemon, where custom assigned the greatest merit to endurance, this same man cultivated austerity to such a degree that he surpassed all the Lacedaemonians in the plainness of his table and the simplicity of his life. Among the Thracians, a people given to drunkenness and lust, he surpassed even the Thracians in those vices." + }, + { + "id": 13804, + "la": "venisse ad Persas, apud quos summa laus esset fortiter venari, luxuriose vivere: horum sic imitatum consuetudinem, ut illi ipsi eum in iis maxime admirarentur", + "en": "He came to the Persians, where the highest renown was gained by being a daring hunter and an extravagant liver, and there he so adapted, himself to their customs that even the natives were filled with admiration of his success in these things." + }, + { + "id": 13805, + "la": "Quibus rebus effecisse ut, apud quoscumque esset, princeps poneretur habereturque carissimus Sed satis de hoc; reliquos ordiamur", + "en": "It was in this way that he held the first rank wherever he lived, as well as being greatly beloved. But enough of him; let us pass to the other men." + }, + { + "id": 13806, + "la": "Aristides, Lysimachi filius, Atheniensis, aequalis fere fuit Themistocli itaque cum eo de principatu contendit; namque obtrectarunt inter se", + "en": "Aristides the Athenian, son of Lysimachus, was of about the same age as Themistocles, and consequently disputed with him the first rank in the state; for they were rivals." + }, + { + "id": 13807, + "la": "Qui quidem cum intellegeret reprimi concitatam multitudinem non posse, cedensque animadvertisset quendam scribentem ut patria pelleretur, quaesisse ab eo dicitur qua re id faceret aut quid Aristides commisisset cur tanta poena dignus duceretur Cui ille respondit se ignorare Aristiden, sed sibi non placere quod tam cupide elaborasset ut praeter ceteros Iustus appellaretur Hic decem annorum legitimam poenam non pertulit Nam postquam Xerxes in Graeciam descendit, sexto fere anno quam erat expulsus, populi scito in patriam restitutus est", + "en": "Aristides himself, when he realized that the excited populace could not be quieted, and, as he was withdrawing, saw a man in the act of voting that he should be banished, is said to have asked him why he did so, and what Aristides had done to be thought deserving of such a punishment. To which the man replied that he did not know Aristides, but that he was displeased because he had worked so hard to be distinguished from other men by the surname of the Just. Aristides did not complete the legal penalty of ten years; for when Xerxes descended upon Greece, in about the sixth year of his exile, he was restored to his native land by decree of the people." + }, + { + "id": 13808, + "la": "In his autem cognitum est quanto antistaret eloquentia innocentiae Quamquam enim adeo excellebat Aristides abstinentia, ut unus post hominum memoriam, quem quidem nos audierimus, cognomine Iustus sit appellatus, tamen a Themistocle conlabefactus, testula illa exsilio decem annorum multatus est", + "en": "In fact, the history of these two men makes clear the extent to which eloquence has the advantage of integrity. For although Aristides so excelled in honesty that he is the only one within the memory of man'at least, so far as we have heard'who was given the title of the Just, yet his influence was undermined by Themistocles and he was exiled for ten years by that well-known process known as the shard-vote." + }, + { + "id": 13809, + "la": "Interfuit autem pugnae navali apud Salamina, quae facta est prius quam poena liberaretur Idem praetor fuit Atheniensium apud Plataeas in proelio quo Mardonius fusus barbarorumque exercitus interfectus est", + "en": "Aristides took part besides in the naval battle at Salamis, although it was fought before his recall. He was also general of the Athenians at Plataea in the battle in which Mardonius was defeated and the army of the barbarians was slaughtered." + }, + { + "id": 13810, + "la": "Neque aliud est ullum huius in re militari illustre factum quam huius imperii memoria, iustitiae vero et aequitatis et innocentiae multa, in primis quod eius aequitate factum est, cum in communi classe esset Graeciae simul cum Pausania'quo duce Mardonius erat fugatus'ut summa imperii maritimi ab Lacedaemoniis transferretur ad Athenienses; namque ante id tempus et mari et terra duces erant Lacedaemonii Tum autem et intemperantia Pausaniae et iustitia factum est Aristidis, ut omnes fere civitates Graeciae ad Atheniensium societatem se applicarent et adversus barbaros hos duces deligerent sibi", + "en": "Although there is no other brilliant exploit in his military career except the memory of that command, there are many instances of his justice, equity and integrity; in particular, that it was due to his equity, when he was on the fleet of the Greek allies in company with Pausanias, the general who had routed Mardonius, that the supremacy of the sea passed from the Lacedaemonians to the Athenians. Until then, indeed, the Lacedaemonians had held the lead on land and sea, but at that time the arrogance of Pausanias and the justice of Aristides led almost all the Greek cities to seek alliance with the Athenians and choose them as their leaders against the barbarians." + }, + { + "id": 13811, + "la": "Quos quo facilius repellerent, si forte bellum renovare conarentur, ad classis aedificandas exercitusque comparandos quantum pecuniae quaeque civitas daret Aristides delectus est qui constitueret, eiusque arbitrio quadringena et sexagena talenta quotannis Delum sunt conlata; id enim commune aerarium esse voluerunt Quae omnis pecunia postero tempore Athenas translata est", + "en": "In order to repel the Persians more easily, if by any chance they should attempt to renew the war, Aristides was appointed to determine how much money each state should contribute for the purpose of building fleets and raising armies; and in accordance with his decision four hundred and sixty talents were deposited each year at Delos. That place was selected as the treasury of the league, but later all that money was transported to Athens." + }, + { + "id": 13812, + "la": "Hic qua fuerit abstinentia, nullum est certius indicium quam quod, cum tantis rebus praefuisset, in tanta paupertate decessit, ut qui efferretur vix reliquerit", + "en": "There is no more certain proof of Aristides integrity than the fact that, although he was entrusted with the management of such important affairs, he left so little money at his death, that there was hardly enough to pay his funeral expenses." + }, + { + "id": 13813, + "la": "Quo factum est ut filiae eius publice alerentur et de communi aerario dotibus datis conlocarentur Decessit autem fere post annum quartum quam Themistocles Athenis erat expulsus", + "en": "The result was that his daughters were supported by the state and, when they married, were provided with dowries from the public treasury. Aristides died about four years after Themistocles had been banished from Athens." + }, + { + "id": 13814, + "la": "T Pomponius Atticus, ab origine ultima stirpis Romanae generatus, perpetuo a maioribus acceptam equestrem obtinuit dignitatem", + "en": "1. Titus Pomponius Atticus, descended from the most ancient Roman stock, never abandoned the equestrian rank which he had inherited from his ancestors." + }, + { + "id": 13815, + "la": "Patre usus est diligente et, ut tum erant tempora, diti imprimisque studioso litterarum Hic, prout ipse amabat litteras, omnibus doctrinis quibus puerilis aetas impertiri debet filium erudivit", + "en": "His father was attentive to business and rich for those days. He was besides particularly interested in literature, and because of his own love of letters, trained his son in all the studies essential for the education of the young." + }, + { + "id": 13816, + "la": "Erat autem in puero praeter docilitatem ingenii summa suavitas oris atque vocis, ut non solum celeriter acciperet quae tradebantur, sed etiam excellenter pronuntiaret", + "en": "Moreover, the boy had, in addition to a capacity for learning, a most agreeable enunciation and quality of voice, so that he not only quickly learned passages that were set, but also declaimed them admirably." + }, + { + "id": 13817, + "la": "Qua ex re in pueritia nobilis inter aequales ferebatur clariusque exsplendescebat quam generosi condiscipuli animo aequo ferre possent", + "en": "Hence in childhood he was conspicuous among those of his own age, and showed greater superiority than his high-born schoolfellows could accept with indifference." + }, + { + "id": 13818, + "la": "Itaque incitabat omnes studio suo, quo in numero fuerunt L Torquatus, C Marius filius, M Cicero; quos consuetudine sua sic devinxit, ut nemo iis perpetuo fuerit carior", + "en": "Consequently, he inspired them all with a spirit of rivalry; and among them were Lucius Torquatus, the younger Gaius Marius, and Marcus Cicero, with all of whom he became so intimate that as long as he lived no one was dearer to them." + }, + { + "id": 13819, + "la": "Pater mature decessit Ipse adulescentulus propter adfinitatem P Sulpicii, qui tribunus plebi interfectus est, non expers fuit illius periculi; namque Anicia, Pomponii consobrina, nupserat Servio, fratri Sulpicii", + "en": "2. His father died early. He himself, when a mere youth, because he was related by marriage to Publius Sulpicius, who was killed while tribune of the commons,1 was involved in the same danger; for Anicia, cousin german of Atticus, had married Servius, the brother of Sulpicius." + }, + { + "id": 13820, + "la": "Itaque interfecto Sulpicio, posteaquam vidit Cinnano tumultu civitatem esse perturbatam neque sibi dari facultatem pro dignitate vivendi quin alterutram partem offenderet, dissociatis animis civium cum alii Sullanis, alii Cinnanis faverent partibus, idoneum tempus ratus studiis obsequendi suis, Athenas se contulit Neque eo setius adulescentem Marium hostem iudicatum iuvit opibus suis, cuius fugam pecunia sublevavit", + "en": "Therefore, after Sulpicius had been killed, seeing that the state was in disorder because of the rebellion of Cinna, and that no opportunity was given him of living as his rank demanded without offending one or the other faction'for the feelings of the citizens were at variance, some favouring the party of Sulla, the others that of Cinna'he thought it was a favourable opportunity for gratifying his tastes, and went to Athens. But nevertheless when the younger Marius had been pronounced a public enemy, he aided him with his resources and facilitated his flight by furnishing money." + }, + { + "id": 13821, + "la": "Ac ne illa peregrinatio detrimentum aliquod adferret rei familiari, eodem magnam partem fortunarum traiecit suarum", + "en": "And in order that his sojourn abroad might not inflict any loss upon his property, he transported a great part of his fortunes to Athens." + }, + { + "id": 13822, + "la": "Hic ita vixit, ut universis Atheniensibus merito esset carissimus; nam praeter gratiam, quae iam in adulescentulo magna erat, saepe suis opibus inopiam eorum publicam levavit", + "en": "There he lived in such a manner that he was deservedly very dear to all the Athenians. For not to mention his influence, which was great even in his youth, he often relieved their public necessities by his wealth." + }, + { + "id": 13823, + "la": "Cum enim versuram facere publice necesse esset neque eius condicionem aequam haberent, semper se interposuit, atque ita, ut neque usuram umquam iniquam ab iis acceperit neque longius quam dictum esset debere passus sit", + "en": "For example, when the state needed to negotiate a loan and could not do so. on fair terms, he always came to the rescue, and in such a way that he never exacted from them excessive interest, nor would he allow them to remain in debt beyond the stipulated time." + }, + { + "id": 13824, + "la": "Quod utrumque erat iis salutare; nam neque indulgendo inveterascere eorum aes alienum patiebatur neque multiplicandis usuris crescere Auxit hoc officium alia quoque liberalitate; nam universos frumento donavit, ita ut singulis VI modii tritici darentur, qui modus mensurae medimnus Athenis appellatur", + "en": "And both those conditions were to their advantage, since he did not by indulgence allow their debt to grow old, nor yet to increase by the piling up of interest. He added to this service still another act of generosity; for he made a distribution of grain to the entire people, giving each man six bushels of wheat, the equivalent of the measure which at Athens is called a medimnus." + }, + { + "id": 13825, + "la": "Hic autem sic se gerebat, ut communis infimis, par principibus videretur Quo factum est ut huic omnes honores, quos possent, publice haberent civemque facere studerent; quo beneficio ille uti noluit, quod consulti ita interpretantur amitti civitatem Romanam alia ascita", + "en": "3. Furthermore, his conduct in Athens was such that he showed himself gracious to the humble and on an equality with the great. The result was that the state conferred upon him all possible honours and wished to make him a citizen of Athens. But that favour he declined to accept, because the jurists hold that if one becomes a citizen elsewhere, Roman citizenship is lost." + }, + { + "id": 13826, + "la": "Quamdiu affuit, ne qua sibi statua poneretur restitit, absens prohibere non potuit Itaque aliquot ipsi et Piliae locis sanctissimis posuerunt; hunc enim in omni procuratione rei publicae actorem auctoremque habebant", + "en": "So long as he was in Athens, he opposed the erection of any statue in his honour; but he could not prevent it after he left. And so they set up several to himself and Pilia in their most sacred places; for they found him an adviser and a help in all the administration of their state." + }, + { + "id": 13827, + "la": "Igitur primum illud munus fortunae, quod in ea urbe potissimum natus est in qua domicilium orbis terrarum esset imperii, ut eandem et patriam haberet et domum; hoc specimen prudentiae, quod, cum in eam se civitatem contulisset quae antiquitate, humanitate doctrinaque praestaret omnes unus ei fuit carissimus", + "en": "Thus in the first place it was a gift of fortune that he was born in no other city than that which was the abode of universal empire, and that it was at once his native land and his home. And it was a mark of his wisdom that when he had gone to the city which surpassed all others in antiquity, culture and learning, he was dearer to it than all other men." + }, + { + "id": 13828, + "la": "Huc ex Asia Sulla decedens cum venisset, quam diu ibi fuit, secum habuit Pomponium, captus adulescentis et humanitate et doctrina Sic enim Graece loquebatur, ut Athenis natus videretur; tanta autem suavitas erat sermonis Latini, ut appareret in eo nativum quemdam leporem esse, non ascitum Idem poemata pronuntiabat et Graece et Latine sic ut supra nihil posset addi", + "en": "4. When Sulla had come to Athens on his way home from Asia, so long as he remained there he kept Atticus with him, attracted by the young mans refinement and culture. For he spoke Greek so well that one would have thought that he had been born in Athens, while on the other hand he used the Latin language with such grace that it was clear that the elegance of his diction was native and not the result of study. He recited poems, too, both in Greek and in Latin, in a manner which left nothing to be desired." + }, + { + "id": 13829, + "la": "Quibus rebus factum est ut Sulla nusquam eum ab se dimitteret cuperetque secum deducere Qui cum persuadere temptaret, Noli, oro te, inquit Pomponius, adversum eos me velle ducere cum quibus ne contra te arma ferrem, Italiam reliqui. At Sulla, adulescentis officio collaudato, omnia munera ei quae Athenis acceperat proficiscens iussit deferri", + "en": "The effect of this was, that Sulla would not be parted from him and wished to take him in his company to Rome. But when he tried to persuade him, Atticus answered: Do not, I pray you, try to lead me against those with whom I refused to bear arms against you but preferred to leave Italy. Whereupon Sulla praised the young man for his sense of duty and gave orders, when he left, that all the gifts that he had received in Athens should be taken to Atticus." + }, + { + "id": 13830, + "la": "Hic complures annos moratus, cum et rei familiari tantum operae daret quantum non indiligens deberet pater familias, et omnia reliqua tempora aut litteris aut Atheniensium rei publicae tribueret, nihilo minus amicis urbana officia praestitit; nam et ad comitia eorum ventitavit, et si qua res maior acta est, non defuit", + "en": "During his residence of many years in Athens, Atticus gave to his property as much attention as was the duty of a careful head of a family and devoted all the rest of his time either to literature or to the public business of the Athenians. At the same time he rendered service to his friends in Rome; for he always appeared on the occasion of their candidacy for office, and was at hand whenever any important action was taken." + }, + { + "id": 13831, + "la": "Sicut Ciceroni in omnibus eius periculis singularem fidem praebuit; cui ex patria fugienti HS ducenta et quinquaginta milia donavit", + "en": "Thus to Cicero in all his times of peril he showed unparalleled loyalty, and when the orator was on his way to exile, he made him a present of two hundred and fifty thousand sesterces." + }, + { + "id": 13832, + "la": "Tranquillatis autem rebus Romanis, remigravit Romam, ut opinor L Cotta et L Torquato consulibus; quem discedentem sic universa civitas Atheniensium prosecuta est, ut lacrimis desiderii futuri dolorem indicaret", + "en": "After calm had been established at Rome he returned to the city, in the consulship, I believe,1 of Lucius Cotta and Lucius Torquatus. When he left Athens, all the citizens attended him, showing by tears the grief that they would feel at losing him." + }, + { + "id": 13833, + "la": "Habebat avunculum Q Caecilium, equitem Romanum, familiarem L Luculli, divitem, difficillima natura; cuius sic asperitatem veritus est, ut quem nemo ferre posset, huius sine offensione ad summam senectutem retinuerit benevolentiam Quo facto tulit pietatis fructum", + "en": "5. His maternal uncle was Quintus Caecilius, a Roman knight and a friend of Lucius Lucullus, rich but very hard to please. Atticus treated the sour-tempered old man with such deference, that although no one else could endure him, his nephew retained his good-will without giving him any offence until he reached extreme old age. By such conduct he reaped the fruits of his devotion;" + }, + { + "id": 13834, + "la": "Caecilius enim moriens testamento adoptavit eum heredemque fecit ex dodrante; ex qua hereditate accepit circiter centiens sestertium", + "en": "for Caecilius on his deathbed adopted him by will and made him heir to three-fourths of his estate; and his share came to about ten million sesterces." + }, + { + "id": 13835, + "la": "Erat nupta soror Attici Q Tullio Ciceroni, easque nuptias M Cicero conciliarat, cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat coniunctissime, multo etiam familiarius quam cum Quinto; ut iudicari possit plus in amicitia valere similitudinem morum quam adfinitatem", + "en": "Atticus sister was married to Quintus Tullius Cicero; the marriage was arranged by Marcus Cicero, with whom Atticus had lived in the closest intimacy from the time when they were schoolfellows, much more intimately than with Quintus; which shows that likeness of character is of more weight in friendship than family alliances." + }, + { + "id": 13836, + "la": "Utebatur autem intime Q Hortensio, qui iis temporibus principatum eloquentiae tenebat, ut intellegi non posset uter eum plus diligeret, Cicero an Hortensius; et, id quod erat difficillimum, efficiebat ut inter quos tantae laudis esset aemulatio nulla intercederet obtrectatio essetque talium virorum copula", + "en": "He was also a close friend of Quintus Hortensius, who in those days held the first rank in eloquence'so dear a friend that it was uncertain which loved him the better, Cicero or Hortensius. He even accomplished the difficult task of preventing any ill-feeling between those rivals for a position of such glory, and was the bond of union between those great men." + }, + { + "id": 13837, + "la": "In re publica ita est versatus, ut semper optimarum partium et esset et existimaretur, neque tamen se civilibus fluctibus committeret, quod non magis eos in sua potestate existimabat esse qui se his dedissent, quam qui maritimis iactarentur", + "en": "6. In public life he so conducted himself as always to be, and to be regarded as being, on the side of the best men,1 yet he did not trust himself to the waves of civic strife, since he thought that those who had delivered themselves up to them had no more control of themselves than those who were tossed on the billows of the sea." + }, + { + "id": 13838, + "la": "Honores non petiit, cum ei paterent propter vel gratiam vel dignitatem, quod neque peti more maiorum neque capi possent, conservatis legibus, in tam effusi ambitus largitionibus neque geri e re publica sine periculo corruptis civitatis moribus", + "en": "He did not seek offices, although they were open to him either through influence or merit, because they could not be canvassed for in the traditional way, nor gained amid such unlimited bribery and corruption without violence to the laws, nor administered to the advantage of the state without risk in so debauched a condition of public morals." + }, + { + "id": 13839, + "la": "Ad hastam publicam numquam accessit Nullius rei neque praes neque manceps factus est Neminem neque suo nomine neque subscribens accusavit, in ius de sua re numquam iit, iudicium nullum habuit", + "en": "He was never present at an auction sale of confiscated property. He never acted as a public contractor or a surety. He accused no one either in his own name or in partnership with another. He never went to law about his own property, he never acted as judge." + }, + { + "id": 13840, + "la": "Multorum consulum praetorumque praefecturas delatas sic accepit, ut neminem in provinciam sit secutus, honore fuerit contentus, rei familiaris despexerit fructum; qui ne cum Q quidem Cicerone voluerit ire in Asiam, cum apud eum legati locum obtinere posset Non enim decere se arbitrabatur, cum praeturam gerere noluisset, adseclam esse praetoris", + "en": "He accepted the prefectures to Asia, although he might have had the post offered him by numerous consuls and praetors on the condition that he should accompany no one to his province, being content with the honour and disdaining to increase his means. He would not even consent to go with Quintus Cicero of his lieutenant-governor. For he did not think it becoming, after having declined a praetorship, to become the attendant of a praetor. In so acting he had an eye, not only to his dignity, but to his peace of mind as well, since he thus avoided even the suspicion of wrong-doing." + }, + { + "id": 13841, + "la": "Qua in re non solum dignitati serviebat, sed etiam tranquillitati, cum suspiciones quoque vitaret criminum Quo fiebat ut eius observantia omnibus esset carior, cum eam officio, non timori neque spei tribui viderent", + "en": "The result was that his attentions were more highly valued by all, since they saw that they were inspired by a desire to be of service and not by fear or hope." + }, + { + "id": 13842, + "la": "Incidit Caesarianum civile bellum Cum haberet annos circiter sexaginta, usus est aetatis vacatione neque se quoquam movit ex urbe Quae amicis suis opus fuerant ad Pompeium proficiscentibus, omnia ex sua re familiari dedit, ipsum Pompeium coniunctum non offendit", + "en": "7. Caesars civil war broke out when Atticus was about sixty years old. He took advantage of the exemption due his years and did not stir from the city. Whatever his friends needed when they went out to join Pompey he supplied from his own means, and he escaped giving offence to Pompey himself." + }, + { + "id": 13843, + "la": "Nullum ab eo habebat ornamentum, ut ceteri, qui per eum aut honores aut divitias ceperant; quorum partim invitissimi castra sunt secuti, partim summa cum eius offensione domi remanserunt Attici autem quies tanto opere Caesari fuit grata, ut victor, cum privatis pecunias per epistulas imperaret, huic non solum molestus non fuerit, sed etiam sororis filium et Q Ciceronem ex Pompei castris concesserit", + "en": "He had no emolument at his friends hands, as the rest had who through him had gained either offices or riches, some of whom joined his army most reluctantly, while others bitterly offended him by remaining at home. Moreover, Atticus neutrality so gratified Caesar, that after his victory, when he made written demand of contributions from private citizens, he not only caused Atticus no trouble, but even granted to his entreaties the pardon of his nephew and of Quintus Cicero, who were in Pompeys camp." + }, + { + "id": 13844, + "la": "Sic vetere instituto vitae effugit nova pericula", + "en": "Thus by the long-standing policy of his life he avoided the new dangers." + }, + { + "id": 13845, + "la": "Secutum est illud tempus, occiso Caesare, quo res publica penes Brutos videretur esse et Cassium ac tota civitas se ad eos convertisse videretur", + "en": "8. There followed that period after the death of Caesar, when the government was apparently in the hands of the Brutuses and Cassius, and all the state seemed to have espoused their cause." + }, + { + "id": 13846, + "la": "Sic M Bruto usus est, ut nullo ille adulescens aequali familiarius quam hoc sene, neque solum eum principem consilii haberet, sed etiam in convictu", + "en": "Atticus relations with Marcus Brutus were such, that there were none of his own age with whom the younger man was more intimate than with the old knight whom he made, not only his chief adviser, but also his boon companion." + }, + { + "id": 13847, + "la": "Excogitatum est a quibusdam, ut privatum aerarium Caesaris interfectoribus ab equitibus Romanis constitueretur Id facile effici posse arbitrati sunt, si principes eius ordinis pecunias contulissent", + "en": "Certain men had formed the plan of making up a private fund for the assassins of Caesar through the Roman knights. They thought that their purpose could easily be effected, if the leading men of that order would contribute." + }, + { + "id": 13848, + "la": "Itaque appellatus est a C Flavio, Bruti familiari, Atticus, ut eius rei princeps esse vellet At ille, qui officia amicis praestanda sine factione existimaret semperque a talibus se consiliis removisset, respondit: si quid Brutus de suis facultatibus uti voluisset, usurum quantum eae paterentur, sed neque cum quoquam de ea re collocuturum neque coiturum Sic ille consensionis globus huius unius dissensione disiectus est", + "en": "Accordingly Gaius Flavius, a friend of Brutus, appealed to Atticus to consent to take the initiative in the enterprise. He, however, thinking that he ought to render service to his friends, but not join parties, and having consistently held aloof from such measures, replied that if Brutus wished to make any use of his means, he might do so to the limit of his resources, but that he would neither confer with anyone on the subject nor meet with anyone. Thus the unanimity of that clique was broken by the disagreement of this one man." + }, + { + "id": 13849, + "la": "Neque multo post superior esse coepit Antonius, ita ut Brutus et Cassius destituta tutela provinciarum, quae iis dicis causa datae erant a consule, desperatis rebus, in exsilium proficiscerentur; neque eo magis potenti adulatus est Antonio neque desperatos reliquit Atticus, qui pecuniam simul cum ceteris conferre noluerat florenti illi parti, abiecto Bruto Italiaque cedenti HS centum milia muneri misit Eidem in Epiro absens trecenta iussit dari", + "en": "Not long after that, Antony began to gain the upper hand, to such a degree that Brutus and Cassius ceased to perform the duties1 which had been assigned them as a pretext2 by the consul, and in utter despair went into exile.3 But Atticus did not the more on that account flatter the power of Antony or abandon the lost cause. In fact, the man who had declined to join with the rest in contributing money when the party was prosperous, after Brutus had fallen from power and was leaving Italy sent him a gift of a hundred thousand sesterces; and again, when Brutus was in Epirus, he sent orders from Rome that three hundred thousand more be given to the regicide." + }, + { + "id": 13850, + "la": "Secutum est bellum gestum apud Mutinam In quo si tantum eum prudentem dicam, minus quam debeam praedicem, cum ille potius divinus fuerit, si divinatio appellanda est perpetua naturalis bonitas, quae nullis casibus agitur neque minuitur", + "en": "9. After that came the war at Mutina. In the course of which if I were merely to say that he showed foresight, I should give him less credit than I ought, since it was more properly divination, if the term divination ought to be applied to an invariable natural goodness which is shaken or diminished by nothing that happens." + }, + { + "id": 13851, + "la": "Hostis Antonius iudicatus Italia cesserat; spes restituendi nulla erat Non solum inimici, qui tum erant potentissimi et plurimi, sed etiam qui adversariis eius se dabant et in eo laedendo aliquam consecuturos sperabant commoditatem, Antonii familiares insequebantur, uxorem Fulviam omnibus rebus spoliare cupiebant, liberos etiam exstinguere parabant", + "en": "When Antony was judged a public enemy and had left Italy,1 no one expected to see his power restored. Not only his personal enemies, who were then very numerous and powerful, but also those who joined his opponents and hoped to gain some advantage by injuring him persecuted his friends, tried to rob his wife Fulvia of all her possessions, and were even preparing to destroy his children." + }, + { + "id": 13852, + "la": "Atticus cum Ciceronis intima familiaritate uteretur, amicissimus esset Bruto, non modo nihil iis indulsit ad Antonium violandum, sed e contrario familiares eius ex urbe profugientes, quantum potuit, texit, quibus rebus indiguerunt, adiuvit P vero Volumnio ea tribuit, ut plura a parente proficisci non potuerint", + "en": "Although Atticus was very intimate with Cicero and a close friend of Brutus, so far was he from being induced to help them injure Antony, that on the contrary he protected the latters friends as much as he could in their flight from the city, and gave them what help they required. To Publius Volumnius, indeed, he rendered as great service as could come from a parent." + }, + { + "id": 13853, + "la": "Ipsi autem Fulviae, cum litibus distineretur magnisque terroribus vexaretur, tanta diligentia officium suum praestitit, ut nullum illa steterit vadimonium sine Attico, Atticus sponsor omnium rerum fuerit", + "en": "Further, to Fulvia herself, when she was distracted by lawsuits and tormented by great anxiety, he was so unremitting in his attentions, that she never appeared in court without Atticus, Atticus was her surety in all cases." + }, + { + "id": 13854, + "la": "Quin etiam, cum illa fundum secunda fortuna emisset in diem neque post calamitatem versuram facere potuisset, ille se interposuit pecuniamque sine faenore sineque ulla stipulatione credidit, maximum existimans quaestum memorem gratumque cognosci simulque aperiens se non fortunae, sed hominibus solere esse amicum", + "en": "Nay, more, when she had bought an estate in the time of her prosperity with a fixed date for payment, and after her reverses was unable to negotiate a loan, he came to the rescue and lent her the money without interest and without any contract, considering it the greatest profit to be known as mindful and grateful, and at the same time desiring to show that it was his way to be a friend to mankind and not to their fortunes." + }, + { + "id": 13855, + "la": "Quae cum faciebat, nemo eum temporis causa facere poterat existimare; nemini enim in opinionem veniebat Antonium rerum potiturum", + "en": "In so doing he could not be suspected by anyone of being a time-server; for no one had any idea that Antony would regain his power." + }, + { + "id": 13856, + "la": "Sed sensim is a nonnullis optimatibus reprehendebatur, quod parum odisse malos cives videretur Ille autem, vir sui iudicii, potius quid se facere par esset intuebatur quam quid alii laudaturi forent", + "en": "But gradually criticism of him arose from some of the aristocrats, because in their opinion he was not sufficiently hostile to bad citizens.1 But Atticus, being a man of independent judgment, had an eye rather to what it was right for him to do than to what others were likely to commend." + }, + { + "id": 13857, + "la": "Conversa subito fortuna est Ut Antonius rediit in Italiam, nemo non magno in periculo Atticum putarat propter intimam familiaritatem Ciceronis et Bruti Itaque ad adventum imperatorum de foro decesserat, timens proscriptionem, latebatque apud P Volumnium, cui, ut ostendimus, paulo ante opem tulerat'tanta varietas iis temporibus fuit fortunae, ut modo hi, modo illi in summo essent aut fastigio aut periculo'habebatque secum Q Gellium Canum, aequalem simillimumque sui", + "en": "10. There came a sudden change of fortune. Antony returned to Italy, and there was no one but thought that Atticus was in extreme danger because of his intimacy with Cicero and Brutus. Therefore, on the eve of the arrival of the triumvirs he had retired from public life, fearing proscription, and was in hiding at the house of Publius Volumnius, to whom, as I have stated, he had shortly before rendered aid'such were the changes of fortune in those times that now these, now those, were at the summit of power or the extremity of danger'and he had with him Quintus Gellius Canus, a man of his own age and of very similar opinions." + }, + { + "id": 13858, + "la": "Hoc quoque sit Attici bonitatis exemplum, quod cum eo, quem puerum in ludo cognorat, adeo coniuncte vixit, ut ad extremam aetatem amicitia eorum creverit", + "en": "This too is an indication of Atticus good-heartedness, that he lived in such harmony with this man, whom he had known as a boy in school, that their friendship increased constantly up to extreme old age." + }, + { + "id": 13859, + "la": "Antonius autem, etsi tanto odio ferebatur in Ciceronem, ut non solum ei, sed etiam omnibus eius amicis esset inimicus eosque vellet proscribere, multis hortantibus, tamen Attici memor fuit officii, et ei, cum requisisset ubinam esset, sua manu scripsit, ne timeret statimque ad se veniret: se eum et illius causa Canum de proscriptorum numero exemisse", + "en": "Antony felt such hatred of Cicero that he was the personal enemy, not only of the orator himself, but of all his friends, and desired to proscribe them'a course to which many urged him. But nevertheless he was mindful of the services rendered him by Atticus. Therefore, when he learned where Atticus was, he wrote to him with his own hand, telling him not to be afraid but to come to him at once; that he had erased his name, and for his sake that of Canus, from the list of the proscribed." + }, + { + "id": 13860, + "la": "Ac ne quod periculum incideret, quod noctu fiebat, praesidium ei misit Sic Atticus in summo timore non solum sibi, sed etiam ei quem carissimum habebat praesidio fuit Neque enim suae solum a quoquam auxilium petit salutis, ut appareret nullam seiunctam sibi ab eo velle fortunam", + "en": "And that no danger might befall him'for this happened at night'he sent him an escort. Thus it was that Atticus in a time of extreme anxiety saved not only himself but also his dearest friend. For he did not seek aid from anyone for his own safety alone, thus making it clear that he desired no good fortune that was not shared by his friend." + }, + { + "id": 13861, + "la": "Quod si gubernator praecipua laude effertur, qui navem ex hieme marique scopuloso servat, cur non singularis eius existimetur prudentia qui ex tot tamque gravibus procellis civilibus ad incolumitatem pervenit?", + "en": "But if that pilot is extolled with the highest praise who saves his ship from the storm in a rock-strewn sea, why should not that mans skill be regarded as without parallel, who from such numerous and terrible civil tempests comes safe into port?" + }, + { + "id": 13862, + "la": "Quibus ex malis ut se emersit, nihil aliud egit quam ut quam plurimis, quibus rebus posset, esset auxilio Cum proscriptos praemiis imperatorum vulgus conquireret, nemo in Epirum venit cui res ulla defuerit, nemini non ibi perpetuo manendi potestas facta est; quin etiam post proelium Philippense interitumque C Cassii et M Bruti L Iulium Mocillam praetorium et filium eius Aulumque Torquatum ceterosque pari fortuna perculsos instituit tueri atque ex Epiro iis omnia Samothraciam supportari iussit", + "en": "11. Once escaped from those evils, Atticus sole effort was to help as many as possible in whatever manner he could. At a time when the rewards offered by the triumvirs caused a general hounding of the proscribed, no one came to Epirus1 who did not get everything that he needed, no one who was not given the opportunity of living there permanently. Nay, more, after the battle of Philippi and the death of Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus he undertook to protect the ex-praetor Lucius Julius Mocilla and his son, as well as Aulus Torquatus and the other victims of the same ill-fortune, ordering that all that they needed should be sent for them from Epirus to Samothrace." + }, + { + "id": 13863, + "la": "Difficile est omnia persequi et non necessarium Illud unum intellegi volumus, illius liberalitatem neque temporariam neque callidam fuisse", + "en": "It is difficult to enumerate everything, and needless besides. This one thing I wish to make clear, that his generosity was neither time-serving nor calculated." + }, + { + "id": 13864, + "la": "Id ex ipsis rebus ac temporibus iudicari potest, quod non florentibus se venditavit, sed afflictis semper succurrit; qui quidem Serviliam, Bruti matrem, non minus post mortem eius quam florentem coluerit", + "en": "This may be inferred from the circumstances themselves and from the times, because he never bought the favour of those in power, but always succoured the afflicted; for example, he showed no less regard to Servilia, the mother of Brutus, after her sons death than at the height of her prosperity." + }, + { + "id": 13865, + "la": "Sic liberalitate utens nullas inimicitias gessit, quod neque laedebat quemquam, neque, si quam iniuriam acceperat, non malebat oblivisci quam ulcisci Idem immortali memoria percepta retinebat beneficia; quae autem ipse tribuerat, tam diu meminerat quoad ille gratus erat qui acceperat Itaque hic fecit ut vere dictum videatur:", + "en": "Practising generosity in that way, he made no enemies; for he never wronged anyone, and if he had suffered any injury, he preferred to forget it rather than take vengeance. He had besides an unfailing memory for kindnesses received; but as for those which he himself bestowed, he remembered them only so long as the recipient was grateful. Thus he showed the truth of the adage:" + }, + { + "id": 13866, + "la": "Neque tamen ille prius fortunam quam se ipse finxit, qui cavit ne qua in re iure plecteretur", + "en": "And yet, before fashioning his fortune, Atticus so fashioned his character as to make it impossible for him ever to be injured justly." + }, + { + "id": 13867, + "la": "Nam cum L Saufei equitis Romani, aequalis sui, qui complures annos, studio ductus philosophiae, Athenis habitabat habebatque in Italia pretiosas possessiones, triumviri bona vendidissent consuetudine ea qua tum res gerebantur, Attici labore atque industria factum est ut eodem nuntio Saufeius fieret certior se patrimonium amisisse et recuperasse Idem L Iulium Calidum, quem post Lucretii Catullique mortem multo elegantissimum poetam nostram tulisse aetatem vere videor posse contendere, neque minus virum bonum optimisque artibus eruditum; quem post proscriptionem equitum propter magnas eius Africanas possessiones in proscriptorum numerum a P Volumnio, praefecto fabrum Antonii, absentem relatum expedivit Quod in praesenti utrum ei laboriosius an gloriosius fuerit, difficile est iudicare, quod in eorum periculis non secus absentes quam praesentes amicos Attico esse curae cognitum est", + "en": "For example, Lucius Saufeius, a Roman knight of the same age as Atticus, who because of his devotion to philosophy had lived for several years in Athens, had valuable possessions in Italy. When the triumvirs sold his property, after the manner in which things were done at that time, it was due to the efforts and energy of Atticus that the same messenger brought Saufeius news of the loss of his property and of its recovery. He was equally helpful to Lucius Julius Calidus, who since the death of Lucretius and Catullus is, I think I may truly say, by far the most graceful poet that our age has produced, in addition to being a good man and endowed with the highest culture. This Calidus, after the proscription of the knights was completed, because of his extensive possessions in Africa was added to the list by Publius Volumnius, Antonys chief of engineers, although he was out of the country; but he was saved by Atticus. Whether this conduct caused Atticus more trouble at the moment or gave him greater glory, it is not easy to decide, since at the time of the perils of these men it became known that his friends, whether present or absent, were the object of his care." + }, + { + "id": 13868, + "la": "Neque vero ille vir minus bonus pater familias habitus est quam civis; nam cum esset pecuniosus, nemo illo minus fuit emax, minus aedificator Neque tamen non in primis bene habitavit omnibusque optimis rebus usus est; nam domum habuit in colle Quirinali Tamphilianam, ab avunculo hereditate relictam, cuius amoenitas non aedificio, sed silva constabat'ipsum enim tectum antiquitus constitutum plus salis quam sumptus habebat'in quo nihil commutavit, nisi si quid vetustate coactus est", + "en": "13. And indeed this great man was considered1 to be as good as head of a family as he was as a citizen. For although he had an abundance of money, no one was less inclined to excess in buying or in building. At the same time, he had as fine a dwelling as anyone, and he enjoyed the best of everything. He had his home on the Quirinal in the villa built by Tamphilus, which was left him in his uncles will, the charm of which consisted less in its construction than in its park; for the building itself was put up in early times and was rather tasteful than costly. But he made no changes in it, except such as lapse of time compelled." + }, + { + "id": 13869, + "la": "Nemo in convivio eius aliud acroama audivit quam anagnosten, quod nos quidem iucundissimum arbitramur; neque umquam sine aliqua lectione apud eum cenatum est, ut non minus animo quam ventre convivae delectarentur", + "en": "No one at a dinner-party of his heard anything but a reader, which is the most agreeable form of entertainment, at least in my opinion; and dinner was never served at his house without reading of some kind, so that his guests enjoyed the gratification of the mind as well as of the appetite." + }, + { + "id": 13870, + "la": "Namque eos vocabat, quorum mores a suis non abhorrerent Cum tanta pecuniae facta esset accessio, nihil de cottidiano cultu mutavit, nihil de vitae consuetudine, tantaque usus est moderatione ut neque in sestertio viciens, quod a patre acceperat, parum se splendide gesserit neque in sestertio centiens adfluentius vixerit, quam instituerat, parique fastigio steterit in utraque fortuna Nullos habuit hortos, nullam suburbanam aut maritimam sumptuosam villam, neque in Italia, praeter Arretinum et Nomentanum, rusticum praedium, omnisque eius pecuniae reditus constabat in Epiroticis et urbanis possessionibus Ex quo cognosci potest usum eum pecuniae non magnitudine, sed ratione metiri solitum", + "en": "For he invited those whose tastes did not differ from his own. When that great addition was made to his fortune,1 he made no change in his daily habits, none in his manner of life; in fact, he showed such moderation that he did not live without distinction on the two million sesterces which he received from his father, nor on ten millions more extravagantly than before; but he maintained the same elevation with both fortunes. He had no gardens, no expensive villa in the suburbs or on the sea, no country estates in Italy except his properties at Arretium and Nomentum; all his income came from his possessions in Epirus and in the city of Rome. From this it can be seen that it was his habit to regulate his expenses, not by the amount of his wealth, but by reason." + }, + { + "id": 13871, + "la": "Mendacium neque dicebat neque pati poterat Itaque eius comitas non sine severitate erat neque gravitas sine facilitate, ut difficile esset intellectu utrum eum amici magis vererentur an amarent Quidquid rogabatur, religiose promittebat, quod non liberalis, sed levis arbitrabatur polliceri quod praestare non possent", + "en": "15. He never lied, nor could he tolerate falsehood. Hence his affability was tempered with austerity and his dignity by good-nature, so that it was difficult to know whether his friends felt for him greater love or respect. Whenever anything was requested of him, he was circumspect in promising, because he thought that to make a promise that one could not keep was a mark of weakness rather than of generosity." + }, + { + "id": 13872, + "la": "Idem in nitendo quod semel adnuisset tanta erat cura, ut non mandatam, sed suam rem videretur agere Numquam suscepti negotii eum pertaesum est; suam enim existimationem in ea re agi putabat, qua nihil habebat carius", + "en": "He was also so careful in endeavouring to carry through what he had once consented to undertake, that he seemed to be attending, not to anothers commission, but to an affair of his own. He never wearied of an enterprise which he had once undertaken; for he thought that his own reputation was involved, and there was nothing that he held dearer." + }, + { + "id": 13873, + "la": "Quo fiebat ut omnia Ciceronum, Catonis Marci, Q Hortensii, Auli Torquati, multorum praeterea equitum Romanorum negotia procuraret Ex quo iudicari poterat non inertia, sed iudicio fugisse rei publicae procurationem", + "en": "Hence it was that he managed all the business affairs of the Ciceros, of Marcus Cato,1 of Quintus Hortensius, of Aulus Torquatus, and of many Roman knights besides; and from this it may be judged that it was not from indolence, but from conviction that he held aloof from affairs of state." + }, + { + "id": 13874, + "la": "Humanitatis vero nullum adferre maius testimonium possum, quam quod adulescens idem seni Sullae fuit iucundissimus, senex adulescenti M Bruto, cum aequalibus autem suis Q Hortensio et M Cicerone sic vixit, ut iudicare difficile sit cui aetati fuerit aptissimus", + "en": "16. To his amiability I can bring no stronger testimony than to say that when he was a young man he was greatly beloved by the aged Sulla, and when he was old, by the young Marcus Brutus; and with the men of his own age, Quintus Hortensius and Marcus Cicero, his relations were such that it is difficult to determine with what time of life he was most congenial." + }, + { + "id": 13875, + "la": "Quamquam eum praecipue dilexit Cicero, ut ne frater quidem ei Quintus cariorfuerit aut familiarior Ei rei sunt indicio praeter eos libros in quibus de eo facit mentionem, qui in vulgus sunt editi, XVI volumina epistularum, ab consulatu eius usque ad extremum tempus ad Atticum missarum; quae qui legat non multum desideret historiam contextam eorum temporum", + "en": "And yet it was Cicero who loved him more than all others, so much so that not even his brother Quintus was dearer to the orator or more intimate. This is shown, not only by those published works in which Cicero mentions him, but also by the sixteen volumes of letters sent to Atticus from the time of his consulship to the end of his life. One who reads these does not feel great need of a connected history of those times;" + }, + { + "id": 13876, + "la": "Sic enim omnia de studiis principum, vitiis ducum, mutationibus rei publicae perscripta sunt, ut nihil in iis non appareat et facile existimari possit prudentiam quodam modo esse divinationem Non enim Cicero ea solum quae vivo se acciderunt futura praedixit, sed etiam quae nunc usu veniunt cecinit ut vates", + "en": "2. for such complete details are given of the rivalry of the chief men, the faults of the leaders, the changes of government, that there is nothing that they do not make clear, and it may readily appear that Ciceros foresight was almost divination. For he not only predicted the events that actually happened during his lifetime, but, like a seer, foretold those which are now being experienced." + }, + { + "id": 13877, + "la": "De pietate autem Attici quid plura commemorem? Cum hoc ipsum vere gloriantem audierim in funere matris suae, quam extulit annorum XC, cum esset VII et LX, se numquam cum matre in gratiam redisse, numquam cum sorore fuisse in simultate, quam prope aequalem habebat", + "en": "17. Why should I say more about Atticus devotion to his family than this? He himself, in my hearing, justly prided himself at the funeral of his mother, whom he buried at the age of ninety, being himself sixty-seven, that he had never had occasion to seek a reconciliation with his mother, and had never quarrelled with his sister, who was about his own age." + }, + { + "id": 13878, + "la": "Quod est signum aut nullam umquam inter eos querimoniam intercessisse, aut hunc ea fuisse in suos indulgentia, ut, quos amare deberet, irasci iis nefas duceret Neque id fecit natura solum, quamquam omnes ei paremus, sed etiam doctrina; nam principum philosophorum ita percepta habuit praecepta, ut iis ad vitam agendam, non ad ostentationem uteretur", + "en": "That is an indication either that no cause of complaint ever arose among them, or else that he was so indulgent towards them as to think it impious to get angry with those whom it was his duty to love. And this conduct was due, not only to Nature, although we all obey her, but also to training; for he had so thoroughly mastered the precepts of the great philosophers, that he made use of them in the conduct of his life and not merely for display." + }, + { + "id": 13879, + "la": "Moris etiam maiorum summus imitator fuit antiquitatisque amator, quam adeo diligenter habuit cognitam, ut eam totam in eo volumine exposuerit quo magistratus ordinavit Nulla enim lex neque pax neque bellum neque res illustris est populi Romani, quae non in eo suo tempore sit notata, et, quod difficillimum fuit, sic familiarum originem subtexuit, ut ex eo clarorum virorum propagines possimus cognoscere", + "en": "18. He was a great imitator of the customs of the men of old and a lover of the early times, of which he had such a thorough knowledge that he gave a full account of them in the work in which he set down the chronological order of the magistrates.1 For there is no law, no treaty of peace, no war, no illustrious deed of the Roman people, which is not mentioned in that work at its proper date, and'a most difficult task'he has so worked out the genealogies of the families, that from it we can learn the descendants of our famous men." + }, + { + "id": 13880, + "la": "Fecit hoc idem separatim in aliis libris, ut M Bruti rogatu Iuniam familiam a stirpe ad hanc aetatem ordine enumeraverit, notans qui a quoque ortus, quos honores quibusque temporibus cepisset; pari modo Marcelli Claudii de Marcellorum, Scipionis Cornelii et Fabii Maximi Fabiorum et Aemiliorum Quibus libris nihil potest esse dulcius iis qui aliquam cupiditatem habent notitiae clarorum virorum", + "en": "He has treated this same subject by itself in other books; for example, at the request of Marcus Brutus he gave an account of the Junii in order, from their origin down to our own time, noting the parentage of each member of the family and the offices which he had held, with their dates. He did the same at the request of Claudius Marcellus for the Marcelli, at that of Cornelius Scipio Fabius Maximus for the Fabii and the Aemilii. There can be no more agreeable reading than these books for those who have any desire to know the history of distinguished men." + }, + { + "id": 13881, + "la": "Attigit quoque poeticen, credimus, ne eius expers esset suavitatis Namque versibus qui honore rerumque gestarum amplitudine ceteros populi Romani praestiterunt exposuit ita, ut sub singulorum imaginibus facta magistratusque eorum non amplius quaternis quinisque versibus descripserit; quod vix credendum sit tantas res tam breviter potuisse declarari", + "en": "He also dipped into poetry; in order, I suppose, to have a taste of its charm. For he celebrated in verse those men who in distinction and in the greatness of their exploits surpassed the rest of the Roman people, recording under the portrait of each of them his deeds and his honours in not more than four or five verses; this he did so well that it could hardly be believed that such important events could be described so briefly" + }, + { + "id": 13882, + "la": "Est etiam unus liber Graece confectus, de consulatu Ciceronis", + "en": "There is also a single book of his written in Greek, on Ciceros consulship." + }, + { + "id": 13883, + "la": "Hactenus Attico vivo edita a nobis sunt Nunc, quoniam fortuna nos superstites ei esse voluit, reliqua persequemur et, quantum potuerimus, rerum exemplis lectores docebimus, sicut supra significavimus, suos cuique mores plerumque conciliare fortunam Namque hic, contentus ordine equestri quo erat ortus, in adfinitatem pervenit imperatoris, Divi filii, cum iam ante familiaritatem eius esset consecutus nulla alia re quam elegantia vitae, qua ceteros ceperat principes civitatis dignitate pari, fortuna humiliores", + "en": "19. Here ends what I wrote during the lifetime of Atticus. Now, since it was Fortunes decree that I should survive him, I will finish the account, and so far as I can, will show my readers by examples that as a rule'as I indicated above 'it is the character of every man that determines his fortune. Thus, although Atticus was content with the equestrian rank to which he was born, he attained relationship by marriage with the emperor, son of the deified Julius, after having previously won his friendship through no other cause than the refinement of his life, by which he had charmed other great men, of equal worth but of less lofty estate." + }, + { + "id": 13884, + "la": "Tanta enim prosperitas Caesarem est consecuta, ut nihil ei non tribuerit fortuna quod cuiquam ante detulerit, et conciliarit quod nemo adhuc civis Romanus quivit consequi", + "en": "For such prosperity attended Caesar, that Fortune refused him nothing which she had conferred on anyone else and granted him what up to our time no other Roman citizen has been able to gain." + }, + { + "id": 13885, + "la": "Nata est autem Attico neptis ex Agrippa, cui virginem filiam conlocarat Hanc Caesar vix anniculam Ti Claudio Neroni, Drusilla nato, privigno suo, despondit; quae coniunctio necessitudinem eorum sanxit, familiaritatem reddidit frequentiorem", + "en": "Furthermore, Atticus had a grand-daughter by Agrippa, to whom he had united his daughter in her first marriage. This grand-daughter, when she was barely a year old, Caesar betrothed to his stepson Tiberius Claudius Nero, son of Drusilla, a union which sealed the friendship of the ruler with Atticus and made their intercourse more frequent." + }, + { + "id": 13886, + "la": "Quamvis ante haec sponsalia non solum cum ab urbe abesset, numquam ad suorum quemquam litteras misit quin Attico scriberet quid ageret, in primis quid legeret quibusque in locis et quam diu esset moraturus, sed etiam cum esset in urbe et propter infinitas suas occupationes minus saepe quam vellet Attico frueretur, nullus dies temere intercessit quo non ad eum scriberet, cum modo aliquid de antiquitate ab eo requireret, cum modo aliquam quaestionem poeticam ei proponeret, interdum iocans eius verbosiores eliceret epistulas Ex quo accidit, cum aedis Iovis Feretrii in Capitolio, ab Romulo constituta, vetustate atque incuria detecta prolaberetur, ut Attici admonitu Caesar eam reficiendam curaret", + "en": "Even before this betrothal, when Octavian was absent from the city, he never sent a letter to any one of his friends without letting Atticus know what he was doing, in particular what he was reading, where he was going, and how long he intended to stay; and even when he was in Rome, but because of his countless engagements could not enjoy Atticus society as often as he wished, hardly even a single day passed that he did not write to him, now asking some question about ancient history, now putting before him some difficult passage in the poets, sometimes in jesting fashion trying to induce him to write longer letters. It was owing to that intimacy that when the temple of Jupiter Feretrius, which had been built on the Capitol by Romulus, through lapse of time and neglect was without a roof, and was falling into ruin, Caesar was led by Atticus advice to have it restored." + }, + { + "id": 13887, + "la": "Neque vero a M Antonio minus absens litteris colebatur, adeo ut accurate ille ex ultumis terris quid ageret curae sibi haberet certiorem facere Atticum", + "en": "Mark Antony too, although far away, carried on a correspondence with Atticus, and even took pains to send him word from the ends of the earth of what he was doing." + }, + { + "id": 13888, + "la": "Hoc quale sit, facilius existimabit is qui iudicare poterit quantae sit sapientiae eorum retinere usum benevolentiamque, inter quos maximarum rerum non solum aemulatio, sed obtrectatio tanta intercedebat, quantam fuit intercedere necesse inter Caesarem atque Antonium, cum se uterque principem non solum urbis Romae, sed orbis terrarum esse cuperet", + "en": "What this means will more easily be understood by one who can judge how great tact it requires to retain the intimacy and good-will of men who were not only rivals in affairs of the greatest importance, but also such enemies as Caesar and Antony inevitably became, when each desired to be the ruler, not only of the city of Rome, but of the whole world." + }, + { + "id": 13889, + "la": "Tali modo cum VII et LXX annos complesset atque ad extremam senectutem non minus dignitate quam gratia fortunaque crevisset'multas enim hereditates nulla alia re quam bonitate consecutus est1'tantaque prosperitate usus esset valetudinis, ut annis triginta medicina non indiguisset, nactus est morbum, quem initio et ipse et medici contempserunt; nam putarunt esse tenesmon, cui remedia celeria faciliaque proponebantur", + "en": "In this fashion Atticus completed seventy-seven years, and up to that advanced age increased in dignity, as well as in importance and fortune'for he acquired many inheritances through no other cause than his good qualities. He also enjoyed such excellent health that for thirty years he required no medical treatment. But just at that time he fell ill of a complaint of which at first both he himself and his physicians made light; for they thought it was a dysentery, for which speedy and easy remedies were usually available." + }, + { + "id": 13890, + "la": "In hoc cum tres menses sine ullis doloribus, praeterquam quos ex curatione capiebat consumpsisset, subito tanta vis morbi in imum intestinum prorupit, ut extremo tempore per lumbos fistulae puris eruperint", + "en": "When he had suffered from this trouble for three months without any pain except what was caused by his treatment, suddenly such a violent form of the disease attacked his rectum, that finally fistulas discharging pus broke out through the lower part of his back." + }, + { + "id": 13891, + "la": "Atque hoc priusquam ei accideret, postquam in dies dolores accrescere febresque accessisse sensit, Agrippam generum ad se accersi iussit et cum eo L Cornelium Balbum Sextumque Peducaeum", + "en": "Even before this occurred, feeling a daily increase of pain attended with fever, he gave orders that his son-in-law Agrippa should be summoned, and with him Lucius Cornelius Balbus and Sextus Peducaeus." + }, + { + "id": 13892, + "la": "Hos ut venisse vidit, in cubitum innixus, Quantam, inquit, curam diligentiamque in valetudine mea tuenda hoc tempore adhibuerim, cum vos testes habeam, nihil necesse est pluribus verbis commemorare Quibus quoniam, ut spero, satisfeci, me nihil reliqui fecisse quod ad sanandum me pertineret, reliquum est ut egomet mihi consulam Id vos ignorare nolui; nam mihi stat alere morbum desinere", + "en": "As soon as he saw that they had arrived, raising himself upon his elbow, he said: How much care and attention I have devoted to trying to restore my health at this time, it is not necessary for me to tell you at more length, since you have been witnesses to my efforts. Having by these, as I hope, satisfied you that I have left nothing undone which would tend to restore me, it remains for me to consider my own welfare. I did not wish you to be ignorant of my purpose; for I am resolved to cease to nourish my malady." + }, + { + "id": 13893, + "la": "Namque his diebus quidquid cibi sumpsi, ita produxi vitam ut auxerim dolores sine spe salutis Qua re a vobis peto, primum ut consilium probetis meum, deinde ne frustra dehortando impedire conemini.", + "en": "As a matter of fact, whatever food I have taken during these last days, by prolonging my life has increased my suffering without hope of a cure. Therefore I beg you, first, that you approve my resolution; then, that you do not try by useless exhortations to shake it." + }, + { + "id": 13894, + "la": "M Cato, ortus municipio Tusculo, adulescentulus, priusquam honoribus operam daret, versatus est in Sabinis, quod ibi heredium a patre relictum habebat", + "en": "Marcus Cato, born in the town of Tusculum, in his early youth, before entering on an official career, lived in the land of the Sabines, since he had there an hereditary property, left him by his father." + }, + { + "id": 13895, + "la": "Inde hortatu L Valerii Flacci, quem in consulatu censuraque habuit collegam, ut M Perpenna censorius narrare solitus est, Romam demigravit in foroque esse coepit", + "en": "Then, with the encouragement of Lucius Valerius Flaccus, later his colleague in the consulship and the censorship'as Marcus Perpenna, the ex-censor, was fond of mentioning'he moved to Rome and entered public life." + }, + { + "id": 13896, + "la": "Primum stipendium meruit annorum decem septemque", + "en": "He served his first campaign at the age of seventeen." + }, + { + "id": 13897, + "la": "Q Fabio M Claudio consulibus tribunus militum in Sicilia fuit", + "en": "In the consulate of Quintus Fabius and Marcus Claudius he was tribune of the soldiers in Sicily." + }, + { + "id": 13898, + "la": "Inde ut rediit, castra secutus est C Claudii Neronis, magnique opera eius existimata est in proelio apud Senam, quo cecidit Hasdrubal, frater Hannibalis", + "en": "On his return from there he joined the army of Gaius Claudius Nero and won high praise in the battle at Sena,1 in which Hasdrubal, the brother of Hannibal, fell." + }, + { + "id": 13899, + "la": "Quaestor obtigit P Africano consuli, cum quo non pro sortis necessitudine vixit; namque ab eo perpetua dissensit vita", + "en": "As quaestor the chance of the lot assigned him to the consul Publius Africanus, with whom he did not live as the intimacy of their association demanded; for he disagreed with him throughout his whole life." + }, + { + "id": 13900, + "la": "Aedilis plebi factus est cum C Helvio", + "en": "He was chosen plebeian aedile with Gaius Helvius." + }, + { + "id": 13901, + "la": "Praetor provinciam obtinuit Sardiniam, ex qua superiore tempore", + "en": "As praetor he was allotted the province of Sardinia, from which at an earlier time," + }, + { + "id": 13902, + "la": "Sorte provinciam nactus Hispaniam citeriorem, exque ea triumphum deportavit", + "en": "and being allotted the province of Hither Spain, from it won a triumph." + }, + { + "id": 13903, + "la": "Ibi cum diutius moraretur, P Scipio Africanus consul iterum, cuius in priore consulatu quaestor fuerat, voluit eum de provincia depellere et ipse ei succedere;", + "en": "When he lingered there somewhat too long, Publius Scipio Africanus, then consul for the second time'in his former consulship Cato had been his quaestor'wished to force him to leave the province, in order himself to succeed him." + }, + { + "id": 13904, + "la": "neque hoc per senatum efficere potuit, cum quidem Scipio principatum in civitate obtineret, quod tum non potentia, sed iure res publica administrabatur Qua ex re iratus senatui, consulatu peracto, privatus in urbe mansit", + "en": "But the senate would not support Scipio in the attempt, although he was the leading man in the state, because in those days the government was administered, not by influence, but by justice. Therefore Scipio was at odds with the senate and, after his consulship was ended, he lived the life of a private citizen in Rome." + }, + { + "id": 13905, + "la": "At Cato, censor cum eodem Flacco factus, severe praefuit ei potestati;", + "en": "But Cato was chosen censor, once more with Flaccus as his colleague, and administered the office with severity;" + }, + { + "id": 13906, + "la": "nam et in complures nobiles animadvertit et multas res novas in edictum addidit qua re luxuria reprimeretur, quae iam tum incipiebat pullulare", + "en": "for he inflicted punishment upon several nobles, and added to his edict many new provisions for checking luxury, which even then was beginning to grow rank." + }, + { + "id": 13907, + "la": "Circiter annos octoginta, usque ad extremam aetatem ab adulescentia, rei publicae causa suscipere inimicitias non destitit A multis temptatus, non modo nullum detrimentum existimationis fecit, sed quoad vixit virtutum laude crevit", + "en": "For about eighty years, from youth to the end of his life, he never ceased to incur enmity through his devotion to his country. But although often attacked, he not only suffered no loss of reputation, but as long as he lived the fame of his virtues increased." + }, + { + "id": 13908, + "la": "In omnibus rebus singulari fuit industria; nam et agricola sollers et peritus iuris consultus et magnus imperator et probabilis orator et cupidissimus litterarum fuit", + "en": "In all lines he was a man of extraordinary activity; for he was an expert husbandman, an able jurist, a great general, a praiseworthy orator and greatly devoted to letters." + }, + { + "id": 13909, + "la": "Quarum studium etsi senior adripuerat, tamen tantum progressum fecit, ut non facile reperiri possit neque de Graecis neque de Italicis rebus quod ei fuerit incognitum", + "en": "Although he took up literary work late in life, yet he made such progress that it is not easy to find anything either in the history of Greece or of Italy which was unknown to him." + }, + { + "id": 13910, + "la": "Ab adulescentia confecit orationes Senex historias scribere instituit Earum sunt libri septem", + "en": "From early youth he composed speeches. He was already an old man when he began to write history, of which he left seven books." + }, + { + "id": 13911, + "la": "Primus continet res gestas regum populi Romani, secundus et tertius unde quaeque civitas orta sit Italica; ob quam rem omnes Origines videtur appellasse In quarto autem bellum Poenicum est primum, in quinto secundum", + "en": "The first contains an account of the kings of the Roman people; the second and third, the origin of all the states of Italy'and it seems to be for that reason that he called the entire work The Origins. Then in the fourth book we have the first Punic war, and in the fifth, the second." + }, + { + "id": 13912, + "la": "Atque haec omnia capitulatim sunt dicta; reliquaque bella pari modo persecutus est usque ad praeturam Ser Galbae, qui diripuit Lusitanos Atque horum bellorum duces non nominavit, sed sine nominibus res notavit In iisdem exposuit quae in Italia Hispaniisque aut fierent aut viderentur admiranda; in quibus multa industria et diligentia comparet, nulla doctrina", + "en": "All this is told in summary fashion, and he treated the other wars in the same manner down to the praetorship of Servius Galba, who plundered the Lusitanians. In his account of all these wars he did not name the leaders, but related the events without mentioning names. In the same work he gave an account of noteworthy occurrences and sights in Italy and the Spains; and in it he showed great industry and carefulness, but no learning." + }, + { + "id": 13913, + "la": "Huius de vita et moribus plura in eo libro persecuti sumus quem separatim de eo fecimus rogatu T Pomponii Attici Qua re studiosos Catonis ad illud volumen delegamus", + "en": "Concerning this mans life and character I have given fuller details in the separate book which I devoted to his biography at the urgent request of Titus Pomponius Atticus. Therefore I may refer those who are interested in Cato to that volume.1" + }, + { + "id": 13914, + "la": "Chabrias Atheniensis Hic quoque in summis habitus est ducibus resque multas memoria dignas gessit Sed ex iis elucet maxime inventum eius in proelio quod apud Thebas fecit, cum Boeotis subsidio venisset", + "en": "Chabrias, the Athenian. This man also was rated as one of the greatest of commanders and did many deeds worthy of record. But especially brilliant among these was his device in the battle which he fought near Thebes, when he came to the aid of the Boeotians." + }, + { + "id": 13915, + "la": "", + "en": "378 b.c." + }, + { + "id": 13916, + "la": "Namque in eo victoria fidentem summum ducem Agesilaum fugatis iam ab eo conducticiis catervis coercuit, reliquam phalangem loco vetuit cedere obnixoque genu scuto, proiecta hasta impetum excipere hostium docuit", + "en": "On that occasion, though the consummate leader Agesilaus felt sure of victory, since he had already put to flight the throngs of mercenaries, Chabrias checked him, forbade the phalanx, which was left unsupported, to abandon its position, and instructed the soldiers to receive the enemys onset with buckler on knee and lance advanced." + }, + { + "id": 13917, + "la": "Id novum Agesilaus contuens progredi non est ausus suosque iam incurrentes tuba revocavit", + "en": "On seeing these novel tactics, Agesilaus did not dare to attack, but although his forces had already begun the charge, he sounded the recall." + }, + { + "id": 13918, + "la": "Hoc usque eo tota Graecia fama celebratum est, ut illo statu Chabrias sibi statuam fieri voluerit, quae publice ei ab Atheniensibus in foro constituta est Ex quo factum est ut postea athletae ceterique artifices suis statibus in statuis ponendis uterentur, cum victoriam essent adepti", + "en": "This maneuvre became so famous all over Greece that, when a statue was publicly erected to Chabrias in the agora at Athens, he chose to be represented in that position. The result was that after that time athletes, and artists as well, adopted appropriate attitudes for the statues which were set up in their honour when they had won victories." + }, + { + "id": 13919, + "la": "Chabrias autem multa in Europa bella administravit, cum dux Atheniensium esset; in Aegypto sua sponte gessit", + "en": "Now Chabrias carried on many wars in Europe as general of the Athenians; in Egypt he made war on his own responsibility." + }, + { + "id": 13920, + "la": "Nam Nectenebin adiutum profectus, regnum ei constituit Fecit idem Cypri, sed publice ab Atheniensibus Euagorae adiutor datus, neque prius inde discessit, quam totam insulam bello devinceret;", + "en": "For having gone to the aid of Nectenebis, he secured for him the possession of his throne. He did the same thing in Cyprus, but in that case he was officially appointed by the Athenians to aid Euagoras; and he did not leave the island until he had completely conquered it," + }, + { + "id": 13921, + "la": "qua ex re Athenienses magnam gloriam sunt adepti", + "en": "an exploit by which the Athenians gained great fame." + }, + { + "id": 13922, + "la": "Interim bellum inter Aegyptios et Persas conflatum est Athenienses cum Artaxerxe societatem habebant, Lacedaemonii cum Aegyptiis, a quibus magnas praedas Agesilaus, rex eorum, faciebat Id intuens Chabrias, cum in re nulla Agesilao cederet, sua sponte eos adiutum profectus, Aegyptiae classi praefuit, pedestribus copiis Agesilaus", + "en": "In the meantime war broke out between the Egyptians and the Persians. The Athenians had an alliance with Artaxerxes; the Lacedaemonians sided with the Egyptians, from whom their king Agesilaus was making large sums of money. Chabrias, seeing this, and not wishing to yield the palm to Agesilaus in anything, went on his own responsibility to the aid of the Egyptians and was made commander of their fleet, while Agesilaus led the land forces." + }, + { + "id": 13923, + "la": "Non enim libenter erat ante oculos suorum civium, quod et vivebat laute et indulgebat sibi liberalius quam ut invidiam vulgi posset effugere Est enim hoc commune vitium in magnis liberisque civitatibus, ut invidia gloriae comes sit; et libenter de iis detrahunt quos eminere videant altius, neque animo aequo pauperes alienam opulentium intuuntur fortunam Itaque Chabrias, quoad ei licebat, plurimum aberat", + "en": "For he did not care to be-under the eyes of his fellow-citizens, because he was living elegantly and indulging himself too generously to be able to avoid the distrust of the common people. In fact, it is a common fault of great states which enjoy freedom that jealousy waits upon glory and that the people take pleasure in humbling those whom they see rising above the level of their fellows. Those of moderate means cannot regard with patience the good fortune of others who are rich. And it was for that reason that Chabrias, as long as he was able to do so, frequently absented himself." + }, + { + "id": 13924, + "la": "Neque vero solus ille aberat Athenis libenter, sed omnes fere principes fecerunt idem, quod tantum se ab invidia putabant afuturos, quantum a conspectu suorum recesserint Itaque Conon plurimum Cypri vixit, Iphicrates in Thraecia, Timotheus Lesbo, Chares Sigeo, dissimilis quidem Chares horum et factis et moribus, sed tamen Athenis et honoratus et potens", + "en": "And Chabrias was not the only one who was glad to leave Athens, but almost all the leading men felt as he did, believing that they would be free from suspicion to the extent that they withdrew from the sight of their countrymen. Accordingly, Conon spent a good part of his life in Cyprus, Iphicrates in Thrace, Timotheus in Lesbos, and Chares at Sigeum; it is true that Chares differed from the others in actions and character, but nevertheless he was both honoured and influential in Athens." + }, + { + "id": 13925, + "la": "Chabrias autem periit bello sociali tali modo Oppugnabant Athenienses Chium Erat in classe Chabrias privatus, sed omnes qui in magistratu erant auctoritate anteibat, eumque magis milites quam qui praeerant aspiciebant Quae res ei maturavit mortem Nam dum primus studet portum intrare gubernatoremque iubet eo derigere navem, ipse sibi perniciei fuit;", + "en": "Now Chabrias lost his life during the Social War1 in the following manner. The Athenians were attacking Chios. With the fleet was Chabrias in a private capacity, but his influence was greater than that of all who held command, and the soldiers looked to him rather than to their chiefs. That position of influence hastened his death; for desiring to be the first to enter the port, he ordered his steersman to direct his ship to that point. In that way he brought about his own destruction;" + }, + { + "id": 13926, + "la": "cum enim eo penetrasset, ceterae non sunt secutae", + "en": "for when he had forced his way in, the rest of the ships did not follow." + }, + { + "id": 13927, + "la": "Quo facto circumfusus hostium concursu cum fortissime pugnaret, navis rostro percussa coepit sidere", + "en": "Consequently he was surrounded by the enemy coming from all sides, and although he fought valiantly, his ship was rammed and began to sink." + }, + { + "id": 13928, + "la": "Hinc refugere cum posset, si se in mare deiecisset, quod suberat classis Atheniensium quae exciperet natantes, perire maluit quam armis abiectis navem relinquere, in qua fuerat vectus Id ceteri facere noluerunt, qui nando in tutum pervenerunt At ille, praestare honestam mortem existimans turpi vitae, comminus pugnans telis hostium interfectus est", + "en": "Even then Chabrias might have escaped by throwing himself into the sea, since the Athenian fleet was at hand to pick up swimmers; but he preferred to die rather than throw away his arms and abandon the ship in which he had sailed. The rest did not share that feeling, but saved themselves by swimming. He, however, thinking an honourable death preferable to a shameful life, was slain by the enemys weapons in hand-to-hand-combat." + }, + { + "id": 13929, + "la": "Cimon, Miltiadis filius, Atheniensis, duro admodum initio usus est adulescentiae; nam cum pater eius litem aestimatam populo solvere non potuisset ob eamque causam in vinclis publicis decessisset, Cimon eadem custodia tenebatur neque legibus Atheniensium emitti poterat, nisi pecuniam qua pater multatus erat solvisset", + "en": "Cimon, the Athenian, son of Miltiades, in his early youth suffered great trouble; for since his father had been unable to pay the fine imposed upon him by the people, and therefore had died in the state prison, the son also was kept in confinement; and the laws of Athens did not allow him to be set at liberty unless he paid the amount of his fathers fine." + }, + { + "id": 13930, + "la": "Habebat autem in matrimonio sororem germanam suam, nomine Elpinicen, non magis amore quam more ductus; namque Atheniensibus licet eodem patre natas uxores ducere", + "en": "Now, he had married his own sister Elpinice, led as much by the custom of his country as by affection; for it is lawful for the Athenians to marry sisters born of the same father." + }, + { + "id": 13931, + "la": "Huius coniugii cupidus Callias quidam, non tam generosus quam pecuniosus, qui magnas pecunias ex metallis fecerat, egit cum Cimone ut eam sibi uxorem daret: id si impetrasset, se pro illo pecuniam soluturum", + "en": "His wifes hand was sought by a certain Callias, who was rich but not of high birth and had made a great deal of money from the mines. He pleaded with Cimon to give Elpinice to him as his wife, saying that on that condition he would pay the fine." + }, + { + "id": 13932, + "la": "Is cum talem condicionem aspernaretur, Elpinice negavit se passuram Miltiadis progeniem in vinclis publicis interire, quoniam prohibere posset, seque Calliae nupturam, si ea quae polliceretur praestitisset", + "en": "Callias scorned such a proposal, but Elpinice declared that she would not allow the son of Miltiades to die in the state prison, when she had the power to prevent it, but that she would marry Callias, if he would keep his promise." + }, + { + "id": 13933, + "la": "Tali modo custodia liberatus, Cimon celeriter ad principatum pervenit Habebat enim satis eloquentiae, summam liberalitatem, magnam prudentiam cum iuris civilis tum rei militaris, quod cum patre a puero in exercitibus fuerat versatus Itaque hic et populum urbanum in sua tenuit potestate et apud exercitum plurimum valuit auctoritate", + "en": "Having in this way gained his freedom, Cimon quickly rose to the first rank in the state; for he had a fair amount of eloquence, extreme generosity, and wide knowledge both of civil law and of the military art, since from boyhood he had accompanied his father on his campaigns. He therefore gained control over the city populace and had great influence with the army." + }, + { + "id": 13934, + "la": "Primum imperator apud flumen Strymona magnas copias Thraecum fugavit, oppidum Amphipolim constituit eoque decem milia Atheniensium in coloniam misit Idem iterum apud Mycalen Cypriorum et Phoenicum ducentarum navium classem devictam cepit eodemque die pari fortuna in terra usus est", + "en": "In his first command he routed a large force of Thracians at the river Strymon, and founded the town of Amphipolis, to which he sent ten thousand Athenians to establish a colony. On a second occasion, off Mycale, he totally defeated a fleet of two hundred Cypriote and Phoenician ships, and captured them. On the same day he had equal good fortune on land;" + }, + { + "id": 13935, + "la": "Namque hostium navibus captis, statim ex classe copias suas eduxit barbarorumque maximam vim uno concursu prostravit", + "en": "for after taking the ships of the enemy, he at once landed his soldiers and in a single onset annihilated a huge force of barbarians." + }, + { + "id": 13936, + "la": "Qua victoria magna praeda potitus cum domum reverteretur, quod iam nonnullae insulae propter acerbitatem imperii defecerant, bene animatas confirmavit, alienatas ad officium redire coegit", + "en": "As he was on his way home, having acquired a great amount of booty by his victory, he found that some of the islands had already revolted because of the severity of the Athenian rule; whereupon he assured the loyalty of those that were well disposed and compelled the disaffected to renew their allegiance." + }, + { + "id": 13937, + "la": "Scyrum, quam eo tempore Dolopes incolebant, quod contumacius se gesserant, vacuefecit, sessores veteres urbe insulaque eiecit, agros civibus divisit", + "en": "Scyros, which at that time was inhabited by the Dolopians, he emptied of its population, because of their arrogant conduct, driving the earlier occupants from the city and from the island and dividing their lands among citizens of Athens." + }, + { + "id": 13938, + "la": "His ex manubiis arx Athenarum, qua ad meridiem vergit, est ornata", + "en": "and from the proceeds of the booty he fortified the south side of the Athenian Acropolis." + }, + { + "id": 13939, + "la": "Quibus rebus cum unus in civitate maxime floreret, incidit in eandem invidiam quam pater suus ceterique Atheniensium principes; nam testarum suffragiis, quod illi vocant, X annorum exsilio multatus est", + "en": "Having become through these exploits the most distinguished man of his city, he incurred the same distrust as his father and the other leading men of Athens, and by the shard-vote, which they call ostracism, he was banished for a term of ten years." + }, + { + "id": 13940, + "la": "He broke the power of the Thasians, self-confident because of their wealth, by his mere arrival", + "en": "Thasios opulentia fretos suo adventu fregit." + }, + { + "id": 13941, + "la": "Cuius facti celerius Athenienses quam ipsum paenituit; nam cum ille animo forti invidiae ingratorum civium cessisset bellumque Lacedaemonii Atheniensibus indixissent, confestim notae eius virtutis desiderium consecutum est Itaque post annum quintum quam expulsus erat in patriam revocatus est", + "en": "But the Athenians repented of their action sooner than he did himself; for after he had shown his fortitude by yielding to the suspicions of his ungrateful fellow-citizens, the Lacedaemonians began war with the Athenians, who at once felt the need of Cimons well-known prowess. Therefore Cimon was recalled to his native land only four years after his banishment." + }, + { + "id": 13942, + "la": "Ille, quod hospitio Lacedaemoniorum utebatur, satius existimans contendere Lacedaemonem, sua sponte est profectus pacemque inter duas potentissimas civitates conciliavit Post, neque ita multo, Cyprum cum ducentis navibus imperator missus, cum eius maiorem partem insulae devicisset, in morbum implicitus in oppido Citio est mortuus", + "en": "Then, having a guest-friendship with the Lacedaemonians, and thinking it better to go to Lacedaemon, he set out on his own responsibility and brought about peace between two powerful states. Afterwards, but not much later, being sent as commander-in-chief to Cyprus with two hundred ships, after conquering the greater part of the island he was taken ill and died in the town of Citium." + }, + { + "id": 13943, + "la": "Hunc Athenienses non solum in bello, sed etiam in pace diu desideraverunt Fuit enim tanta liberalitate, cum compluribus locis praedia hortosque haberet, ut numquam in iis custodem posuerit fructus servandi gratia, ne quis impediretur quo minus eius rebus, quibus quisque vellet, frueretur", + "en": "For a long time the Athenians missed Cimon, not only in war, but in peace as well. For he was so generous that, having estates and gardens in numerous places, he never set a guard over them to protect the fruits, since he did not wish to prevent anyone from enjoying any part of his property that he wished." + }, + { + "id": 13944, + "la": "Semper eum pedisequi cum nummis sunt secuti, ut, si quis opis eius indigeret, haberet quod statim daret, ne differendo videretur negare", + "en": "Pages always followed him with money, so that if anyone had need of immediate help he might have something to give at once, for fear that by delay he might seem to refuse." + }, + { + "id": 13945, + "la": "Saepe, cum aliquem offensum fortuna videret minus bene vestitum, suum amiculum dedit Cotidie sic cena ei coquebatur, ut, quos invocatos vidisset in foro, omnis devocaret, quod facere nullo die praetermittebat Nulli fides eius, nulli opera, nulli res familiaris defuit; multos locupletavit; complures pauperes mortuos, qui unde efferrentur non reliquissent, suo sumptu extulit Sic se gerendo minime est mirandum, si et vita eius fuit secura et mors acerba", + "en": "Often, when he chanced to have met a man who was ill-treated by fortune and poorly clad, he gave him his cloak. Every day he had such an abundant dinner prepared that he could entertain all whom he saw in the market-place who had not been invited by others; and this he never failed to do each day. No one asked in vain for his protection, no one for his services, no one for his financial aid; he enriched many, and buried at his own expense a great number who had died so poor that they had left nothing to pay for their funerals. Such being his conduct, it is not surprising that his life was free from trouble and his death deeply regretted." + }, + { + "id": 13946, + "la": "Conon Atheniensis Peloponnesio bello accessit ad rem publicam, in eoque eius opera magni fuit; nam et praetor pedestribus exercitibus praefuit et praefectus classis res magnas mari gessit Quas ob causas praecipuus ei honos habitus est Namque omnibus unus insulis praefuit, in qua potestate Pheras cepit, coloniam Lacedaemoniorum", + "en": "Conon the Athenian began his public career at the time of the Peloponnesian war, and in that war he rendered important service; for he commanded the land forces with the rank of general, and as admiral of the fleet he did great deeds on the sea. In recognition of this an unusual honour was conferred upon him; he was given sole charge of all the islands, and while holding that commission2 he took Pherae, a colony of the Lacedaemonians." + }, + { + "id": 13947, + "la": "Fuit etiam extremo Peloponnesio bello praetor, cum apud Aegos flumen copiae Atheniensium ab Lysandro sunt devictae Sed tum afuit, eoque peius res administrata est; nam et prudens rei militaris et diligens erat imperator", + "en": "He was also commander-in-chief at the close of the Peloponnesian war, when the Athenian forces were defeated by Lysander at Aegospotamoi; but he was absent at the time, and in consequence the affair was badly managed; for he was skilled in military science and a careful commander." + }, + { + "id": 13948, + "la": "Itaque nemini erat iis temporibus dubium, si adfuisset, illam Athenienses calamitatem accepturos non fuisse", + "en": "Hence no one who lived in those times doubted that, if he had been present, the Athenians would not have suffered that disaster." + }, + { + "id": 13949, + "la": "Rebus autem adflictis, cum patriam obsideri audisset, non quaesivit ubi ipse tuto viveret, sed unde praesidio posset esse civibus suis", + "en": "But when the calamity came and he heard that his native city was in a state of siege, he looked about for a place, not where he could himself live in safety, but from which he could be a defence to his fellow-citizens." + }, + { + "id": 13950, + "la": "Itaque contulit se ad Pharnabazum, satrapem Ioniae et Lydiae eundemque generum regis et propinquum; apud quem ut multum gratia valeret multo labore multisque effecit periculis", + "en": "So he went to Pharnabazus, satrap of Ionia and Lydia, who was also son-in-law of the king and his near relative, with whom he succeeded in winning great influence by hard toil and many dangers." + }, + { + "id": 13951, + "la": "Nam cum Lacedaemonii, Atheniensibus devictis, in societate non manerent quam cum Artaxerxe fecerant, Agesilaumque bellatum misissent in Asiam, maxime impulsi a Tissapherne, qui ex intimis regis ab amicitia eius defecerat et cum Lacedaemoniis coierat societatem, hunc adversus Pharnabazus habitus est imperator, re quidem vera exercitui praefuit Conon eiusque omnia arbitrio gesta sunt", + "en": "For the Lacedaemonians, after vanquishing the Athenians, did not remain true to the alliance which they had concluded with Artaxerxes, but sent Agesilaus to Asia to make war, being especially influenced by Tissaphernes, one of Artaxerxes intimate friends, who, however, had betrayed his kings friendship and come to an understanding with the Lacedaemonians. Against him Pharnabazus was nominally commander-in-chief, but in reality Conon headed the army and everything was done as he directed." + }, + { + "id": 13952, + "la": "Hic multum ducem summum Agesilaum impedivit saepeque eius consiliis obstitit, neque vero non fuit apertum, si ille non fuisset, Agesilaum Asiam Tauro tenus regi fuisse erepturum", + "en": "He proved a serious obstacle to that great general Agesilaus and often thwarted him by his strategy; in fact, it was evident that if it had not been for Conon, Agesilaus would have deprived the king of all Asia as far as the Taurus." + }, + { + "id": 13953, + "la": "Qui postea quam domum a suis civibus revocatus est, quod Boeoti et Athenienses Lacedaemoniis bellum indixerant, Conon nihilo setius apud praefectos regis versabatur iisque omnibus magno erat usui", + "en": "Even after the Spartan was summoned home by his countrymen, because the Boeotians and Athenians had declared war1 upon the Lacedaemonians, Conon none the less continued his relations with the kings prefects and rendered them all great assistance." + }, + { + "id": 13954, + "la": "Defecerat a rege Tissaphernes, neque id tam Artaxerxi quam ceteris erat apertum; multis enim magnisque meritis apud regem, etiam cum in officio non maneret, valebat Neque id erat mirandum, si non facile ad credendum adducebatur, reminiscens eius se opera Cyrum fratrem superasse", + "en": "Tissaphernes had revolted from the king, but that was not so clear to Artaxerxes as it was to all others; for because of many important services the satrap retained his influence with his sovereign, even after he had ceased to be faithful to him. And it is not surprising that the king was not easily led to believe in his treachery, remembering, as he did, that it was thanks to him that he had overcome his brother Cyrus." + }, + { + "id": 13955, + "la": "Huius accusandi gratia Conon a Pharnabazo ad regem missus, posteaquam venit, primum ex more Persarum ad chiliarchum, qui secundum gradum imperii tenebat, Tithrausten accessit seque ostendit cum rege conloqui velle Nemo enim sine hoc admittitur", + "en": "In order to accuse the traitor, Conon was sent to the king by Pharnabazus and as soon as he arrived, he went first, according to the Persian custom, to Tithraustes, chief of the Thousand, who held the highest power next to the king, and explained that he wished an interview with the monarch. As a matter of fact, no one is admitted to the royal presence without that formality." + }, + { + "id": 13956, + "la": "Huic ille, Nulla, inquit, mora est, sed tu delibera, utrum conloqui malis an per litteras agere quae cogitas Necesse est enim, si in conspectum veneris, venerari te regem (quod illi vocant)", + "en": "Tithraustes replied to his request; There is nothing to prevent, but do you consider whether you prefer a personal interview rather than to communicate what you have in mind by letter. For it is essential, if you come into his presence, to do homage to the king (which the Greeks call )." + }, + { + "id": 13957, + "la": "Hoc si tibi grave est, per me nihilo setius editis mandatis conficies quod studes. Tum Conon Mihi vero, inquit, non est grave quemvis honorem habere regi, sed vereor ne civitati meae sit opprobrio, si, cum ex ea sim profectus quae ceteris gentibus imperare consuerit, potius barbarorum quam illius more fungar. Itaque quae huic volebat scripta tradidit", + "en": "If that is repugnant to you, you may equally well accomplish what you wish through me, by instructing me as to your wishes. To this Conon answered: To me personally it is not repugnant to pay any possible honour to the king, but I fear that my country may be shamed if, having come from a state which is accustomed to command the other nations, I should conform rather to the customs of barbarians than of Athens. Accordingly, he wrote out what he wished and handed it to the satrap." + }, + { + "id": 13958, + "la": "Quibus cognitis, rex tantum auctoritate eius motus est, ut et Tissaphernem hostem iudicarit et Lacedaemonios bello persequi iusserit et ei permiserit quem vellet eligere ad dispensandam pecuniam Id arbitrium Conon negavit sui esse consilii, sed ipsius, qui optime suos nosse deberet; sed se suadere, Pharnabazo id negotii daret", + "en": "When the king had read the communication, Conons prestige had so much weight with him that he pronounced Tissaphernes an enemy and commissioned Conon to carry on the war with the Lacedaemonians, authorizing him to chose anyone he wished as his paymaster. To make that choice, Conon declared, was not his province, but that of the king, who ought to know his own subjects best; but his recommendation was that the position be given to Pharnabazus." + }, + { + "id": 13959, + "la": "Hinc magnis muneribus donatus ad mare est missus, ut Cypriis et Phoenicibus ceterisque maritimis civitatibus naves longas imperaret classemque, qua proxima aestate mare tueri posset, compararet, dato adiutore Pharnabazo, icut ipse voluerat", + "en": "Then, after receiving valuable presents, Conon was sent to the seacoast, to levy ships of war on the Cypriotes, Phoenicians and other maritime states, and to fit out a fleet with which in the following summer he could make the sea safe; Pharnabazus was appointed to help him, as Conon himself had asked." + }, + { + "id": 13960, + "la": "Id ut Lacedaemoniis est nuntiatum, non sine cura rem administrant, quod maius bellum imminere arbitrabantur quam si cum barbaro solum contenderent; nam ducem fortem, prudentem regiis opibus praefuturum ac secum dimicaturum videbant, quem neque consilio neque copiis superare possent", + "en": "When this was reported to the Lacedaemonians, they made their preparations with care, thinking that a more serious war threatened them than if the contest was merely with the barbarian alone; for they saw that a brave leader was going to direct the kings power with foresight, and that they would have an adversary who would be their equal both in skill and in power." + }, + { + "id": 13961, + "la": "Hac mente magnam contrahunt classem; proficiscuntur Pisandro duce Hos Conon apud Cnidum adortus, magno proelio fugat, multas naves capit, complures deprimit Qua victoria non solum Athenae, sed etiam cuncta Graecia quae sub Lacedaemoniorum fuerat imperio liberata est navium in patriam venit, muros dirutos a Lysandro utrosque, et Piraei et Athenarum, reficiendos curat pecuniaeque quinquaginta talenta, quae a Pharnabazo acceperat, civibus suis donat", + "en": "Because of this conviction they got together a great fleet and set sail under the command of Pisander. But they were attacked by Conon off Cnidus and put to flight in a great battle; many of their ships were taken, several were sunk. That victory secured the freedom, not only of Athens, but of all the Greek states which were under the rule of the Lacedaemonians. Conon with a part of his ships went to his native city, saw to the rebuilding of the walls both of the Piraeus and of Athens, which had been destroyed by Lysander, and gave to his fellow-citizens the sum of fifty talents, which he had received from Pharnabazus." + }, + { + "id": 13962, + "la": "Accidit huic quod ceteris mortalibus, ut inconsideratior in secunda quam in adversa esset fortuna Nam classe Peloponnesiorum devicta, cum ultum se iniurias patriae putaret, pluraconcupivit quam efficere potuit", + "en": "But Conon had the same experience as the rest of mankind, and showed less wisdom in good fortune than in adversity. For after his decisive victory over the fleet of the Peloponnesians, thinking that he had avenged his countrys wrongs, he entertained ambitions beyond his powers." + }, + { + "id": 13963, + "la": "Neque tamen ea non pia et probanda fuerunt, quod potius patriae opes augeri quam regis maluit", + "en": "These, however, were both patriotic and commendable, since he desired to increase the strength of his native land at the expense of that of the great king." + }, + { + "id": 13964, + "la": "Nam cum magnam auctoritatem sibi pugna illa navali quam apud Cnidum fecerat constituisset non solum inter barbaros, sed etiam omnes Graeciae civitates, clam dare operam coepit, ut Ioniam et Aeoliam restitueret Atheniensibus", + "en": "For since the famous naval battle that he had fought off Cnidos had given him high standing, not only with the barbarians, but with all the Greek states as well, he began to plot the restoration of Ionia and Aeolia to the Athenians." + }, + { + "id": 13965, + "la": "Id cum minus diligenter esset celatum, Tiribazus, qui Sardibus praeerat, Cononem evocavit, simulans ad regem eum se mittere velle magna de re Huius nuntio parens cum venisset, in vincla coniectus est, in quibus aliquamdiu fuit Inde nonnulli eum ad regem abductum ibique eum perisse scriptum reliquerunt Contra ea Dinon historicus, cui nos plurimum de Persicis rebus credimus, effugisse scripsit; illud addubitat, utrum Tiribazo sciente an imprudente sit factum", + "en": "Since his design was not concealed with sufficient care, Tiribazus, governor of Sardis, summoned Conon, pretending that he wished to send him to the king on a mission of importance. Conon obeyed the summons, but on his arrival he was thrown into prison and remained in confinement for some time. Then, as some writers say, he was taken to the king and there met his end; Dinon, on the contrary, an historian in whose account of Persian affairs we have the most confidence, has written that he made his escape; but he is in doubt whether it was with or without the connivance of Tiribazus." + }, + { + "id": 13966, + "la": "Datames, patre Camisare, natione Care, matre Scythissa natus,primum militum in numero fuit apud Artaxerxen eorum qui regiam tuebantur Pater eius Camisares, quod et manu fortis et bello strenuus et regi multis locis fidelis erat repertus, habuit provinciam partem Ciliciae iuxta Cappadoeiam, quam incolunt Leucosyri", + "en": "1. Datames, son of Camisares, a Carian by nationality, born of a Scythian mother,1 began his career as one of the corps of soldiers who guarded the palace of Artaxerxes.2 His father Camisares, because of his personal bravery and valour in war, and because he had on many occasions proved his loyalty to the king, governed that part of Cilicia which adjoins Cappadocia and is inhabited by the Leucosyri." + }, + { + "id": 13967, + "la": "Datames, militare munus fungens, primum qualis esset aperuit in bello quod rex adversus Cadusios gessit Namque hic, multis milibus regiorum interfectis, magni fuit eius opera Quo factum est, cum in eo bello cecidisset Camisares, ut paterna ei traderetur provincia", + "en": "Datames, while serving as a soldier, first showed his quality in the war which the king waged against the Cadusii, in which, although many thousands of the kings troops were slain, his services were of great value. The consequence was, that since Camisares had fallen in the course of that war, Datames became governor of his fathers province." + }, + { + "id": 13968, + "la": "Pari se virtute postea praebuit, cum Autophrodates iussu regis bello persequeretur eos qui defecerant Namque huius opera hostes, cum castra iam intrassent, profligati sunt exercitusque reliquus conservatus regis est; qua ex re maioribus rebus praeesse coepit", + "en": "2. He later showed himself equally valiant when Autophrodates, at the kings command, was making war upon the peoples that had revolted. For when the enemy had already entered the Persian camp, it was owing to Datames that they were routed and the rest of the kings army was saved. And because of that exploit he began to be entrusted with more important commands." + }, + { + "id": 13969, + "la": "Erat eo tempore Thuys dynastes Paphlagoniae, antiquo genere, ortus a Pylaemene illo quem Homerus Troico bello a Patroclo interfectum ait", + "en": "At that time there was a prince of Paphlagonia called Thuys, of an old family, being a descendant of that Pylaemenes who, according to Homer, was slain by Patroclus in the Trojan war." + }, + { + "id": 13970, + "la": "Is regi dicto audiens non erat Quam ob causam bello eum persequi constituit eique rei praefecit Datamen, propinquum Paphlagonis; namque ex fratre et sorore erant nati Quam ob causam Datames primum experiri voluit ut sine armis propinquum ad officium reduceret Ad quem cum venisset sine praesidio, quod ab amico nullas vereretur insidias, paene interiit; nam Thuys eum clam interficere voluit", + "en": "He did not own obedience to the king, who for that reason determined to make war upon him. He gave the management of the campaign to Datames, who was a near relative of the Paphlagonian; for the father of the one and the mother of the other were brother and sister. That being the case, Datames wished first to try to recall his kinsman to his duty without resort to arms. But having come to him without an escort, because he feared no treachery from a friend, Datames all but lost his life; for Thuys tried to kill him secretly." + }, + { + "id": 13971, + "la": "Erat mater cum Datame, amita Paphlagonis Ea quid ageretur resciit, filiumque monuit Ille fuga periculum evitavit bellumque indixit Thuyni In quo cum ab Ariobarzane, praefecto Lydiae et Ioniae totiusque Phrygiae, desertus esset, nihilo segnius perseveravit vivumque Thuyn cepit cum uxore et liberis", + "en": "Datames was accompanied by his mother, who was the maternal aunt of the Paphlagonian; she learned of the plot and warned her son, who escaped the danger by flight and declared war upon Thuys. Although in the course of that war Datames was deserted by Ariobarzanes, governor of Lydia, Ionia and all Phrygia, he kept on with undiminished vigour and took Thuys alive, along with his wife and children." + }, + { + "id": 13972, + "la": "Cuius facti ne prius fama ad regem quam ipse perveniret, dedit operam Itaque omnibus insciis eo ubi erat rex venit posteroque die Thuyn, hominem maximi corporis terribilique facie, quod et niger et capillo longo barbaque erat promissa, optima veste texit, quam satrapae regii gerere consuerant, ornavit etiam torque atque armillis aureis ceteroque regio cultu; ipse agresti duplici amiculo circumdatus hirtaque tunica, gerens in capite galeam venatoriam, dextra manu clavam, sinistra copulam, qua vinctum ante se Thuynem agebat, ut si feram bestiam captam duceret", + "en": "Datames took pains to prevent the news of his success from reaching the king before his own arrival. Therefore, without the knowledge of anyone, he came to the place where the king was, and on the following day, he dressed up Thuys'who was a man of huge size and fearful aspect, being very dark, with long hair and flowing beard'putting on him the fine raiment which the kings satraps are accustomed to wear, adorning him too with a neck-chain and bracelets of gold and the other habiliments of a king. Datames himself, wearing a peasants double cloak and a shaggy tunic, with a hunters cap on his head, in his right hand a club and in the left a leash to which Thuys was attached, drove the Paphlagonian before him as if he were bringing in a wild beast that he had captured." + }, + { + "id": 13973, + "la": "Quem cum omnes conspicerent propter novitatem ornatus ignotamque formam ob eamque rem magnus esset concursus, fuit non nemo qui agnosceret Thuyn regique nuntiaret Primo non accredidit itaque Pharnabazum misit exploratum A quo ut rem gestam comperit, statim admitti iussit, magno opere delectatus cum facto tum ornatu, imprimis quod nobilis rex in potestatem inopinanti venerat", + "en": "When their strange garb and the unusual appearance of the captive had attracted all eyes, and in consequence a great crowd had gathered, someone recognized Thuys and informed the king. At first, Artaxerxes was incredulous and so sent Pharnabazus to investigate. Having learned the truth from him, he at once ordered the two to be admitted, greatly pleased with the capture and the masquerade, in particular because the notorious king had come into his power sooner than he expected." + }, + { + "id": 13974, + "la": "Itaque magnifice Datamen donatum ad exercitum misit, qui tum contrahebatur duce Pharnabazo et Tithrauste ad bellum Aegyptium, parique eum atque illos imperio esse iussit Postea vero quam Pharnabazum rex revocavit, illi summa imperii tradita est", + "en": "Accordingly, he rewarded Datames munificently and sent him to the army which was then being mustered under Pharnabazus and Tithraustes for the war in Egypt, giving him equal authority with the two Persians. In fact, when the king later recalled Pharnabazus, the chief command passed to Datames." + }, + { + "id": 13975, + "la": "Hic cum maximo studio compararet exercitum Aegyptumque proficisci pararet, subito a rege litterae sunt ei missae, ut Aspim aggrederetur, qui Cataoniam tenebat; quae gens iacet supra Ciliciam, confinis Cappadociae Namque Aspis, saltuosam regionem castellisque munitam incolens, non solum imperio regis non parebat,sed etiam finitimas regiones vexabat et quae regi portarentur abripiebat", + "en": "While Datames was busily engaged in organizing this army and preparing to embark for Egypt, suddenly a letter was sent to him by the king, ordering him to attack Aspis, the ruler of Cataonia; that country lies beyond Cilicia, next to Cappadocia. The reason for the attack was, that Aspis, dwelling in a region that was wooded and fortified with strongholds, far from acknowledging allegiance to Artaxerxes, even overran the regions neighbouring to Persia and carried off what was being brought to the king." + }, + { + "id": 13976, + "la": "Datames etsi longe aberat ab eis regionibus et a maiore re abstrahebatur, tamen regis voluntati morem gerendum putavit Itaque cum paucis, sed viris fortibus navem conscendit, existimans, quod accidit, facilius se imprudentem parva manu oppressurum quam paratum quamvis magno exercitu", + "en": "Datames was far distant from the regions in question and was drawn in the opposite direction by a more important enterprise; but nevertheless he thought that he ought to do what the king desired. He therefore embarked upon a ship, taking with him only a few, but brave, soldiers, believing'as turned out to be the case'that it would be easier to crush his enemy with a small force by taking him off his guard, than with any possible numbers when he was ready to defend himself." + }, + { + "id": 13977, + "la": "Hac delatus in Ciliciam, egressus inde, dies noctesque iter faciens Taurum transit eoque quo studuerat venit Quaerit quibus locis sit Aspis; cognoscit haud longe abesse profectumque eum venatum Quae dum speculatur, adventus eius causa cognoscitur Pisidas cum iis quos secum habebat ad resistendum Aspis comparat", + "en": "Sailing to Cilicia and disembarking there, Datames marched day and night, crossed the Taurus, and arrived at his destination. On inquiring where Aspis was, he learned that he was not far off, and that he had gone a-hunting. While Datames was considering what to do, the reason for his arrival became known, and Aspis prepared to resist him with the Pisidians1 in addition to the soldiers that he had with him." + }, + { + "id": 13978, + "la": "Id Datames ubi audivit, arma sumit, suos sequi iubet; ipse equo concitato ad hostem vehitur Quem procul Aspis conspiciens ad se ferentem pertimescit atque a conatu resistendi deterritus sese dedidit Hunc Datames vinctum ad regem ducendum tradit Mithridati", + "en": "When Datames heard of this, he took up arms, ordered his men to follow; he himself rode at full speed to meet the enemy. Aspis, catching sight of him afar off, as he rushed upon him, was seized with fear, and abandoning any thought of resistance, gave himself up. Datames put him in irons and delivered him to Mithridates to be taken to the king." + }, + { + "id": 13979, + "la": "Haec dum geruntur, Artaxerxes, reminiscens a quanto bello ad quam parvam rem principem ducum misisset, se ipse reprehendit et nuntium ad exercitum Acen misit, quod nondum Datamen profectum putabat, qui diceret ne ab exercitu discederet Hic priusquam perveniret quo erat profectus, in itinere convenit qui Aspim ducebant", + "en": "While all this was going on, Artaxerxes, remembering from how important a war he had sent his leading general on so insignificant an errand, thinking that Datames had not yet started, sent a messenger to the army at Ace, telling him not to leave the army; but before the messenger arrived at his destination, he met on the way those that were bringing Aspis to the king." + }, + { + "id": 13980, + "la": "Qua celeritate cum magnam benevoleni;iam regis Datames consecutus esset, non minorem invidiam aulicorum excepit, quod illum unum pluris quam se omnes fieri videbant", + "en": "Although by that rapid action Datames gained high favour with Artaxerxes, he incurred equally great jealousy from the courtiers, because they realized that he was more highly esteemed than any of them." + }, + { + "id": 13981, + "la": "Quo facto, cuncti ad eum opprimendum consenserunt", + "en": "Because of that they all united in a conspiracy to ruin him." + }, + { + "id": 13982, + "la": "Haec Pandantes, gazae custos regiae, amicus Datami, perscripta ei mittit, in quibus docet eum in magno fore periculo, si quid illo imperante adversi in Aegypto accidisset", + "en": "Of this plot Pandantes, keeper of the royal treasure, who was a friend of Datames, gave him full information in a letter, telling him that he would be in great danger if he suffered any check during his command in Egypt." + }, + { + "id": 13983, + "la": "Namque eam esse consuetudinem regiam, ut casus adversos hominibus tribuant, secundos fortunae suae Quo fieri ut facile impellantur ad eorum perniciem quorum ductu res male gestae nuntientur Illum hoc maiore fore in discrimine, quod, quibus rex maxime oboediat, eos habeat inimicissimos", + "en": "He added that it was the habit of kings to attribute disasters to men, but success to their own good fortune; that consequently they were easily led to bring about the ruin of those who were reported to have suffered defeat; and that Datames would be in the greater peril because he had the bitter enmity of those who had special influence with the king." + }, + { + "id": 13984, + "la": "Talibus ille litteris cognitis, cum iam ad exercitum Acen venisset, quod non ignorabat ea vere scripta, desciscere a rege constituit Neque tamen quicquam fecit quod fide sua esset indignum Nam Mandroclem Magnetem exercitui praefecit; ipse cum suis in Cappadociam discedit coniunctamque huic Paphlagoniam occupat, celans qua voluntate esset in regem Clam cum Ariobarzane facit amicitiam, manum comparat, urbes munitas suis tuendas tradit", + "en": "When Datames had read that letter, although he had already reached the army at Ace, knowing that what had been written him was true, he determined to leave the kings service. Yet he did nothing to stain his honour; for he put Mandrocles of Magnesia in command of the army, and he himself with his own men went off to Cappadocia and took possession of the neighbouring district of Paphlagonia, concealing his feelings towards the king. Then he secretly came to an understanding with Ariobarzanes, gathered a band of soldiers, and entrusted the fortified cities to the protection of his friends." + }, + { + "id": 13985, + "la": "Sed haec propter hiemale tempus minus prospere procedebant Audit Pisidas quosdam copias adversus se parare Filium eo Arsidaeum cum exercitu mittit; cadit in proelio adulescens Proficiscitur eo pater non ita cum magna manu, celans quantum vulnus accepisset, quod prius ad hostem pervenire cupiebat, quam de male re gesta fama ad suos perveniret, ne cognita filii morte animi debilitarentur militum", + "en": "6. But because of the winter season these preparations did not advance rapidly. Hearing that some of the Pisidians were arming troops against him, he sent his son Arsidaeus with an army to meet them, and the young man fell in the battle that followed. Then the father set out against them with not so very large a force, concealing the severe wound that he had suffered, because he wished to encounter the enemy before the report of the defeat came to his men, for fear that the news of his sons death might affect the soldiers spirits." + }, + { + "id": 13986, + "la": "Quo contenderat pervenit iisque locis castra ponit, ut neque circumiri multitudine adversariorum posset neque impediri quominus ipse ad dimicandum manum haberet expeditam", + "en": "He arrived at his destination and pitched his camp in such a position that he could not be surrounded by the superior numbers of his adversaries nor prevented from having his own force ready for battle." + }, + { + "id": 13987, + "la": "Erat cum eo Mithrobarzanes, socer eius, praefectus equitum Is, desperatis generi rebus, ad hostes transfugit Id Datames ut audivit, sensit si in turbam exisset ab homine tam necessario se relictum, futurum ut ceteri consilium sequerentur", + "en": "He had with him Mithrobarzanes, his father-in-law, as commander of his cavalry, but he, regarding the position of his son-in-law as desperate, deserted to the enemy. When Datames heard of this, he knew that if it was bruited about that he had been forsaken by a man so nearly related to him, all the rest would follow the example." + }, + { + "id": 13988, + "la": "In vulgus edit suo iussu Mithrobarzanem profectum pro perfuga, quo facilius receptus interficeret hostes; qua re relinqui eum par non esse et omnes confestim sequi Quod si animo strenuo fecissent, futurum ut adversarii non possent resistere, cum et intra vallum et foris caederentur", + "en": "He therefore circulated the report that it was by his command that Mithrobarzanes had gone, under pretence of deserting, in order that he might, once received by the enemy, destroy them the more easily; therefore it would not be right to abandon him, but all ought to follow him at once. If they would act vigorously, the enemy would be unable to resist, since they would be assailed inside and outside of their intrenchments." + }, + { + "id": 13989, + "la": "Hac re probata exercitum educit, Mithrobarzanem persequitur, qui cum ad hostes pervenerat, Datames signa inferri iubet Pisidae, nova re commoti, in opinionem adducuntur perfugas mala fide compositoque fecisse, ut recepti maiori essent calamitati Primum eos adoriuntur", + "en": "When this idea met with favour, he led out his army and pursued Mithrobarzanes; and when the deserter had reached the enemy, Datames gave the order to attack. The Pisidians, surprised by this strange man'oeuvre, were led to believe that the deserters had acted in bad faith and by prearrangement, in order that when received among the enemy they might cause a greater disaster. First they attacked the deserters," + }, + { + "id": 13990, + "la": "Illi cum quid ageretur aut qua re fieret ignorarent, coacti sunt cum iis pugnare ad quos transierant, ab iisque stare quos reliquerant; quibus cum neutri parcerent, celeriter sunt concisi", + "en": "and since the latter did not understand what was going on or why it was done, they were forced to fight against those to whom they had deserted and side with those whom they had abandoned; and since neither army showed them any mercy, they were quickly cut to pieces." + }, + { + "id": 13991, + "la": "Reliquos Pisidas resistentes Datames invadit; primo impetu pellit, fugientis persequitur, multos interficit, castra hostium capit", + "en": "The Pisidians, who remained,1 continued to resist, but Datames fell upon them, routed them at the first onset, pursued the fugitives, killing many of them, and captured the enemys camp." + }, + { + "id": 13992, + "la": "Tali consilio uno tempore et proditores perculit et hostes profligavit et, quod ad perniciem suam fuerat cogitatum, id ad salutem convertit Quo neque acutius ullius imperatoris cogitatum neque celerius factum usquam legimus", + "en": "By this stratagem Datames at the same time punished the traitors and vanquished the enemy, thus making the plot which had been devised for his ruin the means of his safety. Never have I read anywhere of a cleverer stratagem of any commander, or one which was more speedily executed." + }, + { + "id": 13993, + "la": "Ab hoc tamen viro Sysinas, maximo natu filius, desciit ad regemque transiit et de defectione patris detulit Quo nuntio Artaxerxes commotus, quod intellegebat sibi cum viro forti ac strenuo negotium esse, qui cum cogitasset, facere auderet et prius cogitare quam conari consuesset, Autophrodatem in Cappadociam mittit", + "en": "7. Yet this man was deserted by Sysinas, his eldest son, who went over to the king and reported to him his fathers defection. The news of this disturbed Artaxerxes, since he knew that he had to do with a brave and energetic man, who, when he had reflected, had the courage to carry out his plan, and was in the habit of reflecting before acting. Accordingly, he sent Autophrodates to Cappadocia." + }, + { + "id": 13994, + "la": "Hic ne intrare posset, saltum in quo Ciliciae portae sunt sitae Datames praeoccupare studuit Sed tam subito copias contrahere non potuit A qua re depulsus cum ea manu, quam contraxerat, locum deligit talem, ut neque circumiretur ab hostibus neque praeteriret adversarius quin ancipitibus locis premeretur, et, si dimicare eo vellet, non multum obesse multitudo hostium suae paucitati posset", + "en": "To prevent him from entering the country, Datames wished to occupy the wooded gorge in which the Cilician Gates are situated; but he could not muster his forces with sufficient speed. Thwarted in that, with the band which he had assembled he chose a position where he could not be surrounded by the enemy, one which his opponent could not pass without being caught in an unfavourable situation; and if the latter decided to fight there, the enemys great numbers would not have much advantage over his own small force." + }, + { + "id": 13995, + "la": "Haec etsi Autophrodates videbat, tamen statuit congredi quam cum tantis copiis refugere aut tam diu uno loco sedere Habebat barbarorum equitum XX, peditum C, quos illi Cardacas appellant, eiusdemque generis III funditorum, praeterea Cappadocum VIII, Armeniorum X, Paphlagonum V Phrygum X, Lydorum V, Aspendiorum et Pisidarum circiter III, Cilicum II, Captianorum totidem, ex Graecia conductorum III, levis armaturae maximum numerum", + "en": "8. Although Autophrodates realized the situation, he nevertheless determined to engage rather than retreat with so great a force or linger for so long a time in one spot. Of barbarians he had twenty thousand horse and a hundred thousand foot, of the troops that the Persians call Cardaces,1 besides three thousand slingers of the same nationality; and in addition, eight thousand Cappadocians, ten thousand Armenians, five thousand Paphlagonians, ten thousand Phrygians, five thousand Lydians, about three thousand Aspendians and Pisidians, two thousand Cilicians, the same number of Captiani, and three thousand Greek mercenaries, along with an enormous number of light-armed troops." + }, + { + "id": 13996, + "la": "Has adversus copias spes omnis consistebat Datami in se locique natura; namque huius partem non habebat vicesimam militum Quibus fretus conflixit adversariorumque multa milia concidit, cum de ipsius exercitu non amplius hominum mille cecidisset Quam ob causam postero die tropaeum posuit, quo loco pridie pugnatum erat Hinc cum castra movisset semperque inferior copiis superior omnibus proeliis discederet, quod numquam manum consereret, nisi cum adversarios locorum angustiis clausisset, quod perito regionum callideque cogitanti saepe accidebat, Autophrodates, cum bellum duci maiore regis calamitate quam adversariorum videret, pacem amicitiamque hortatus est, ut cum rege in gratiam rediret", + "en": "For encountering these forces Datames sole hope lay in himself and in the nature of his position; for he had not a twentieth part as many men. Relying upon such forces as he had, he accepted battle and slew many thousands of his adversaries, while of his own army he lost not more than a thousand men. To commemorate his victory, he erected a trophy on the following day on the spot where he had fought the day before. Then he moved his camp and departed, having come off victor in all his engagements, although always outnumbered, since he never joined battle except when he had shut his foes in some narrow defile; which often happened, owing to his knowledge of the country and his skilful strategy. Then Autophrodates, seeing that to prolong the war was more disastrous to the king than to his adversaries, urged peace and friendship, and reconciliation with the king." + }, + { + "id": 13997, + "la": "Quam ille etsi fidam non fore putabat, tamen condicionem accepit seque ad Artaxerxem legatos missurum dixit Sic bellum quod rex adversus Datamen susceperat sedatum est Autophrodates in Phrygiam se recepit", + "en": "And although Datames had no faith in the kings sincerity, he nevertheless accepted the proposal and promised to send envoys to Artaxerxes. Thus the war which the king had made upon Datames came to an end. Autophrodates withdrew into Phrygia." + }, + { + "id": 13998, + "la": "At rex, quod implacabile odium in Datamen susceperat, postquam bello eum opprimi non posse animadvertit, insidiis interficere studuit; quas ille plerasque evitavit", + "en": "The king, however, having conceived implacable hatred of Datames and finding that he could not get the better of him in war, tried to kill him by treachery; but Datames escaped many of his plots." + }, + { + "id": 13999, + "la": "Sicut, cum ei nuntiatum esset quosdam sibi insidiari, qui in amicorum erant numero,'de quibus, quod inimici detulerant, neque credendum neque neglegendum putavit,'experiri voluit verum falsumne sibi esset relatum", + "en": "For example, when it was reported to him that certain men were conspiring against him who were included among his friends, he thought that charges against friends, made by their personal enemies, ought neither to be believed nor disregarded; but he wished to find out whether what had been reported to him was true or false." + }, + { + "id": 14000, + "la": "Itaque eo profectus est, in quo itinere futuras insidias dixerant Sed elegit corpore ac statura simillimum sui eique vestitum suum dedit atque eo loco ire quo ipse consuerat iussit; ipse autem ornatu vestituque militari inter corporis custodes iter facere coepit", + "en": "Accordingly, he set out for the place on the road to which it was reported that the ambuscade would be laid. But he selected a man who closely resembled him in figure and stature, dressed him in his own costume, and directed him to take the place in the line which he himself usually occupied. Then Datames, equipped and dressed like a common soldier, began the march among his body-guard." + }, + { + "id": 14001, + "la": "At insidiatores, postquam in eum locum agmen pervenit, decepti ordine atque vestitu, impetum in eum faciunt qui suppositus erat Praedixerat autem iis Datames cum quibus iter faciebat ut parati essent facere quod ipsum vidissent Ipse, ut concurrentes insidiatores animum advertit, tela in eos coniecit Hoc idem cum universi fecissent, priusquam pervenirent ad eum quem aggredi volebant, confixi conciderunt", + "en": "Now the traitors, when the army reached the appointed place, misled by his place in the line and his costume, made their attack upon the man who had taken Datames place. But Datames had ordered those with whom he was marching to be ready to do what they saw him doing, and he, as soon as he saw the traitors rushing forward, hurled weapons at them; and since the whole troop did the same, before the assassins could reach the man whom they wished to attack they all fell, pierced with wounds." + }, + { + "id": 14002, + "la": "Hic tamen tam callidus vir extremo tempore captus est Mithridatis, Ariobarzanis filii, dolo Namque is pollicitus est regi se eum interfecturum, si sibi rex permitteret ut quodcumque vellet liceret impune facere fidemque de ea re more Persarum dextra dedisset", + "en": "10. Yet this man, cunning as he was, finally fell victim to the craft of Mithridates, the son of Ario-barzanes; for he had promised the king to kill Datames, provided the king would allow him to do with impunity anything that he chose, and would give him a pledge to that effect in the Persian fashion with his right hand." + }, + { + "id": 14003, + "la": "Hanc ut accepit a rege missam, copias parat et absens amicitiam cum Datame facit, regis provincias vexat, castella expugnat, magnas praedas capit, quarum partim suis dispertit, partim ad Datamen mittit; pari modo complura castella ei tradit Haec diu faciundo persuasit homini se infinitum adversus regem suscepisse bellum, cum nihilo magis, ne quam suspicionem illi praeberet insidiarum, neque colloquium eius petivit neque in conspectum venire studuit", + "en": "When he had received that pledge from the kings messenger,1 Mithridates prepared his forces and made friends with Datames without meeting him. He then began to raid the kings provinces and storm his fortresses, gaining a great amount of booty, of which he divided a part among his soldiers and sent a part to Datames; he likewise handed over several fortresses to the Carian. By continuing this conduct for a long time he convinced Datames that he was engaged in implacable war against the king, while nevertheless, to avoid exciting any suspicion of treachery, he neither sought an interview with his intended victim, nor did he try to meet him face to face." + }, + { + "id": 14004, + "la": "Sic absens amicitiam gerebat, ut non beneficiis mutuis, sed communi odio quod erga regem susceperant contineri viderentur", + "en": "From a distance he played the part of a friend, in such a way that they seemed to be united, not by mutual services, but by the common hatred which they felt for the king." + }, + { + "id": 14005, + "la": "Id cum satis se confirmasse arbitratus est, certiorem facit Datamen tempus esse maiores res parari et bellum cum ipso rege suscipi, deque ea re, si ei videretur, quo loco vellet in colloquium veniret Probata re, colloquendi tempus sumitur locusque quoconveniretur", + "en": "11. When Mithridates thought that he had made his enmity to the king sufficiently evident, he informed Datames that it was time to raise greater armies and make war directly on Artaxerxes; and he invited him to hold a conference about that matter, if he approved, in any place that he wished. The proposition was accepted, and a time and place appointed for their meeting." + }, + { + "id": 14006, + "la": "Huc Mithridates cum uno cui maxime habebat fidem ante aliquot dies venit compluribusque locis separatim gladios obruit eaque loca diligenter notat Ipso autem colloquii die utrique locum qui explorarent atque ipsos scrutarentur mittunt; deinde ipsi sunt congressi", + "en": "Mithridates went to the spot several days in advance, with a single companion in whom he had the greatest confidence; and in several different places, which he carefully marked, he buried swords. And on the very day of the meeting both parties sent men to examine the place and search the generals themselves; then the two met." + }, + { + "id": 14007, + "la": "His cum aliquamdiu in colloquio fuissent et diversi discessissent iamque procul Datames abesset, Mithridates, priusquam ad suos perveniret, ne quam suspicionem pareret, in eundem locum revertitur atque ibi ubi telum erat infossum resedit, ut si lassitudine cuperet adquiescere, Datamenque revocavit, simulans se quiddam in colloquio esse oblitum", + "en": "After they had conferred there for some time, they departed in opposite directions; but when Datames was already a considerable distance away, Mithridates, in order not to arouse any suspicion, returned to the place of meeting before joining his attendants, and sat down at a spot where a weapon had been buried, as if he were tired and wished to rest; then he called Datames back, pretending that he had overlooked something in the course of the conference." + }, + { + "id": 14008, + "la": "Interim telum quod latebat protulit nudatumque vagina veste texit ac Datami venienti ait digredientem se animadvertisse locum quendam, qui erat in conspectu, ad castra ponenda esse idoneum", + "en": "In the meantime he took out the hidden sword, drew it from its sheath, and concealed it under his cloak. When Datames came, Mithridates said to him that just as he was leaving he had noticed a spot, visible from where they sat, which was suitable for pitching a camp." + }, + { + "id": 14009, + "la": "Quem cum digito demonstraret et ille respiceret, aversum ferro transfixit priusque quam quisquam posset succurrere, interfecit Ita ille vir, qui multos consilio, neminem perfidia ceperat, simulata captus est amicitia", + "en": "He pointed out the place, and as Datames turned to look at it, the traitor plunged the sword into his back and killed him before anyone could come to his help. Thus that great man, who had triumphed over many by strategy, but never by treachery, fell a victim to feigned friendship." + }, + { + "id": 14010, + "la": "Dion, Hipparini filius, Syracusanus, nobili genere natus, utraque implicatus tyrannide Dionysiorum Namque ille superior Aristomachen, sororem Dionis, habuit in matrimonio, ex qua duos filios, Hipparinum et Nisaeum, procreavit totidemque filias, nomine Sophrosynen et Areten, quarum priorem Dionysio filio, eidem cui regnum reliquit, nuptum dedit, alteram, Areten, Dioni", + "en": "1. Dion, son of Hipparinus, of Syracuse, sprung from a noble family, was connected with the tyranny of both the Dionysii; for the elder Dionysius married Aristomache, Dions sister; by her he had two sons, Hipparinus and Nisaeus, and the same number of daughters, Sophrosyne and Arete. Of these daughters he gave the former in marriage to Dionysius, the son to whom he left his throne, the latter, Arete, to Dion." + }, + { + "id": 14011, + "la": "Dion autem praeter nobilem propinquitatem generosamque maiorum famam multa alia ab natura habuit bona, in iis ingenium docile, come, aptum ad artes optimas, magnam corporis dignitatem, quae non minimum commendat, magnas praeterea divitias a patre relictas, quas ipse tyranni muneribus auxerat", + "en": "Dion, however, besides that illustrious relationship and the distinguished renown of his ancestors, possessed many natural advantages, including a receptive mind, affability, and aptitude for the highest accomplishments; great personal dignity, which is not the least of recommendations; large means too, left him by his father, which he had himself increased through the gifts of the tyrant." + }, + { + "id": 14012, + "la": "Erat intimus Dionysio priori, neque minus propter mores quam adfinitatem Namque etsi Dionysii crudelitas ei displicebat, tamen salvum propter necessitudinem, magis etiam suorum causa studebat Aderat in magnis rebus, eiusque consilio multum movebatur tyrannus, nisi qua in re maior ipsius cupiditas intercesserat", + "en": "He was intimate with the elder Dionysius as much because of his character as their relationship; for although he disapproved of the tyrants cruelty, yet his safety was dear to him on account of their kinship, and still more so for the sake of his own family. He assisted Dionysius in important matters of business, and the tyrant was strongly influenced by his advice, except when some especially ardent desire of his own had turned the scale." + }, + { + "id": 14013, + "la": "Legationes vero omnes quae essent illustriores per Dionem administrabantur; quas quidem ille diligenter obeundo, fideliter administrando crudelissimum nomen tyranni sua humanitate leniebat", + "en": "In fact, all embassies of special distinction were conducted through Dion, and since he entered upon them with care and managed them scrupulously, he lessened the tyrants reputation for cruelty by his own kindliness." + }, + { + "id": 14014, + "la": "Hunc a Dionysio missum Karthaginienses suspexerunt, ut neminem umquam Graeca lingua loquentem magis sint admirati", + "en": "When he was sent by Dionysius to Carthage, he was so honoured that no native of Greece ever excited greater admiration." + }, + { + "id": 14015, + "la": "Neque vero haec Dionysium fugiebant; nam quanto esset sibi ornamento, sentiebat Quo fiebat ut uni huic maxime indulgeret neque eum secus diligeret ac filium; qui quidem, cum Platonem Tarentum venisse fama in Siciliam esset perlata, adulescenti negare non potuerit quin eum accerseret, cum Dion eius audiendi cupiditate flagraret", + "en": "2. Now all this did not escape the notice of Dionysius, for he was aware of the honour conferred upon him by his relative. In consequence, he favoured Dion beyond all others and loved him like a son.; So when the report made its way to Sicily that Plato had come to Tarentum, he could not refuse the young mans request to invite the philosopher to his court, since Dion had an ardent longing to hear him." + }, + { + "id": 14016, + "la": "Dedit ergo huic veniam magnaque eum ambitione Syracusas perduxit Quem Dion adeo admiratus est atque adamavit, ut se ei totum traderet Neque vero minus ipse Plato delectatus est Dione", + "en": "Therefore he gratified the youths desire and brought Plato to Syracuse in great state. Him Dion so admired and loved that he devoted himself to him heart and soul. And, indeed, Plato for his part was no less delighted with Dion;" + }, + { + "id": 14017, + "la": "Itaque cum a Dionysio crudeliter violatus esset, quippe qui eum venumdari iussisset, tamen eodem rediit eiusdem Dionis precibus adductus", + "en": "so much so that, although he had been cruelly wronged by Dionysius, who had ordered him to be sold as a slave, he nevertheless returned to that same land, led once more by the entreaties of Dion." + }, + { + "id": 14018, + "la": "Interim in morbum incidit Dionysius Quo cum gravi conflictaretur, quaesivit a medicis Dion, quem ad modum se haberet, simulque ab iis petiit, si forte in maiore esset periculo, ut sibi faterentur; nam velle se cum eo conloqui de partiendo regno, quod sororis suae filios ex illo natos partem regni putabat debere habere Id medici non tacuerunt et ad Dionysium filium sermonem rettulerunt", + "en": "Meanwhile Dionysius had fallen ill, and as he grew worse, Dion inquired of the physicians how he was, at the same time begging them, if the king chanced to be in greater danger, not to conceal it from him; for he said that he wished to confer with Dionysius about dividing the kingdom, believing that the sons of his own sister, as children of the king, ought to have a share in the realm. This request the physicians did not keep secret, but reported what had. been said to the younger Dionysius." + }, + { + "id": 14019, + "la": "Quo ille commotus, ne agendi esset Dioni potestas, patri soporem medicos dare coegit Hoc aeger sumpto, ut somno sopitus, diem obiit supremum", + "en": "The latter, disquieted by the information, compelled the physicians to give his father a soporific, in order that Dion might have no opportunity for a conference; and when the patient had taken the drug, he seemed to fall asleep and died without awakening." + }, + { + "id": 14020, + "la": "Tale initium fuit Dionis et Dionysii simultatis, eaque multis rebus aucta est Sedtamen primis temporibus aliquamdiu simulata inter eos amicitia mansit Cum Dion non desisteret obsecrare Dionysium ut Platonem Athenis arcesseret et eius consiliis uteretur, ille, qui in aliqua re vellet patrem imitari, morem ei gessit", + "en": "3. Such was the beginning of the hostility between Dion and Dionysius, and it was aggravated by many circumstances. At first, however, they remained friends outwardly for a time, and when Dion did not cease to beg Dionysius to, summon Plato from Athens and avail himself of the philosophers advice, the tyrant, who wished to follow his fathers example in some particular, granted the request." + }, + { + "id": 14021, + "la": "Eodemque tempore Philistum historicum Syracusas reduxit, hominem amicum non magis tyranno quam tyrannis Sed de hoc in eo libro plura sunt exposita qui de historicis Graecis conscriptus est", + "en": "At the same time he recalled1 the historian Philistus to Syracuse, a man who was no more friendly to the tyrant than to tyrants in general. But about him I have given fuller particulars in the book which I wrote on the Greek historians." + }, + { + "id": 14022, + "la": "Plato autem tantum apud Dionysium auctoritate potuit valuitque eloquentia, ut ei persuaserit tyrannidis facere finem libertatemque reddere Syracusanis", + "en": "As for Plato, such was his influence over the tyrant, and so great was the effect of his eloquence, that he persuaded Dionysius to put an end to his tyranny and restore their freedom to the Syracusans;" + }, + { + "id": 14023, + "la": "A qua voluntate Philisti consilio deterritus aliquanto crudelior esse coepit", + "en": "but he was dissuaded by the advice of Philistus and began to show considerably greater cruelty than before." + }, + { + "id": 14024, + "la": "Qui quidem cum a Dione se superari videret ingenio, auctoritate, amore populi, verens ne, si eum secum haberet, aliquam occasionem sui daret opprimendi, navem ei triremem dedit, qua Corinthum deveheretur, ostendens se id utriusque facere causa, ne, cum inter se timerent, alteruter alterum praeoccuparet", + "en": "4. Since Dionysius perceived that he was surpassed by Dion in ability, in influence, and in the affections of the people, he feared that, if he kept his rival near him, he might furnish an opportunity for his own downfall. Accordingly, he gave him a trireme in which to sail to Corinth, explaining that he did so for both their sakes; for since they feared each other, there was danger that one might take advantage of the other." + }, + { + "id": 14025, + "la": "Id cum factum multi indignarentur magnaeque esset invidiae tyranno, Dionysius omnia quae moveri poterant Dionis in navis imposuit ad eumque misit Sic enim existimari volebat id se non odio hominis, sed suae salutis fecisse causa", + "en": "Since that action excited widespread indignation and great hatred of the tyrant, Dionysius loaded all Dions movable property into ships and sent it to him, wishing to give the impression that he had been actuated, not by hatred of his rival, but by regard for his own safety." + }, + { + "id": 14026, + "la": "Postea vero quam audivit eum in Peloponneso manum comparare sibique bellum facere conari, Areten, Dionis uxorem, alii nuptum dedit filiumque eius sic educari iussit, ut indulgendo turpissimis imbueretur cupiditatibus Nam puero, priusquam pubes esset, scorta adducebantur, vino epulisque obruebatur, neque ullum tempus sobrio relinquebatur", + "en": "But when he learned that the exile was levying a force in the Peloponnesus and planning to make war upon him, Dionysius gave Dions wife, Arete, in marriage to another, and caused his son to be brought up under such conditions that, as the result of indulgence, he developed the most shameful passions. For before he had grown up, the boy was supplied with courtesans, gorged with food and wine, and kept in a constant state of drunkenness." + }, + { + "id": 14027, + "la": "Is usque eo vitae statum commutatum ferre non potuit, postquam in patriam rediit pater'namque appositi erant custodes, qui eum a pristino victu deducerent'ut se de superiore parte aedium deiecerit atque ita interierit Sed illuc revertor", + "en": "When his father returned to his native land, the youth found it so impossible to endure the changed conditions of his life'for guardians were appointed to wean him from his former habits'that he threw himself from the top of his house and so perished. But I return to my subject." + }, + { + "id": 14028, + "la": "Postquam Corinthum pervenit Dion et eodem perfugit Heraclides, ab eodem expulsus Dionysio, qui praefectus fuerat equitum, omni ratione bellum comparare coeperunt The two exiles began to make active preparations for war,", + "en": "5. After Dion arrived in Corinth, he found that Heraclides also had taken refuge there; he too had been banished by Dionysius, whose cavalry he had formerly commanded." + }, + { + "id": 14029, + "la": "Sed non multum proficiebant, quod multorum annorum tyrannis magnarum opum putabatur; quam ob causam pauci ad societatem periculi perducebantur", + "en": "but they did not accomplish much, since the rule of the tyrants was of so many years standing1 that it was regarded as very powerful, and consequently few could be induced to share in so dangerous an undertaking." + }, + { + "id": 14030, + "la": "Sed Dion, fretus non tam suis copiis quam odio tyranni, maximo animo duabus onerariis navibus quinquaginta annorum imperium, munitum quingentis longis navibus, decem equitum centumque peditum milibus, profectus oppugnatum'quod omnibus gentibus admirabile est visum'adeo facile perculit, ut post diem tertium, quam Siciliam attigerat, Syracusas introierit Ex quo intellegi potest nullum esse imperium tutum nisi benevolentia munitum", + "en": "Nevertheless Dion, relying less upon his own resources than on hatred of the tyrant, although he had but two transports, sallied forth with the greatest courage to attack a dynasty of fifty years duration, defended by five hundred war-ships, ten thousand horsemen and a hundred thousand foot. And he so easily overthrew his opponents'a success which filled all nations with amazement'that two days after landing in Sicily he entered Syracuse; which goes to show that no rule is secure which is not founded upon the devotion of its subjects." + }, + { + "id": 14031, + "la": "Eo tempore aberat Dionysius et in Italia classem opperiebatur adversariorum, ratus neminem sine magnis copiis ad se venturum Quae res eum fefellit", + "en": "At that time Dionysius was away from home, awaiting the enemys fleet in Italy; for he thought that no one would come against him without great forces. But he was mistaken;" + }, + { + "id": 14032, + "la": "Nam Dion iis ipsis qui sub adversarii fuerant potestate regios spiritus repressit totiusque eius partis Siciliae potitus est quae sub Dionysii fuerat potestate parique modo urbis Syracusarum praeter arcem et insulam adiunctam oppido, eoque rem perduxit, ut talibus pactionibus pacem tyrannus facere vellet: Siciliam Dion obtineret, Italiam Dionysius, Syracusas Apollocrates, cui maximam fidem uni habebat Dionysius", + "en": "for Dion with those very people who had been under the heel of his opponent broke the kings pride and gained possession of all that part of Sicily which Dionysius had ruled, as well as of the city of Syracuse, except the citadel and island that formed a part of the town. So successful was he, in fact, that the tyrant consented to make peace on the following terms: Sicily was to fall to Dion, Italy to Dionysius, and Syracuse to Apollocrates, who was especially trusted by Dionysius." + }, + { + "id": 14033, + "la": "Has tam prosperas tamque inopinatas res consecuta est subita commutatio, quod fortuna, sua mobilitate, quem paulo ante extulerat demergere est adorta Primum in filio de quo commemoravi supra suam vim exercuit", + "en": "6. This success, so great and so unexpected, was followed by a sudden change, since Fortune, with her usual fickleness, proceeded to bring down the man whom she had shortly before exalted. First, she showed her cruelty in connection with the son of whom I have previously spoken;" + }, + { + "id": 14034, + "la": "Nam cum uxorem reduxisset, quae alii fuerat tradita, filiumque vellet revocare ad virtutem a perdita luxuria, accepit gravissimum parens vulnus morte filii", + "en": "for when Dion had recovered his wife, who had been handed over to another,1 and was trying to recall his son from his abandoned wantonness to a life of virtue, he suffered in the death of that son the wound most painful for a father." + }, + { + "id": 14035, + "la": "Deinde orta dissensio est inter eum et Heraclidem, qui, quod ei principatum non concedebat, factionem comparavit Neque is minus valebat apud optimates, quorum consensu praeerat classi, cum Dion exercitum pedestrem teneret", + "en": "Next, dissension arose between him and Heraclides, who, unwilling to yield the first place to Dion, formed a party against him. Heraclides had no less influence with the aristocrats than Dion, and by them he was unanimously chosen to command the fleet, while Dion retained the land forces." + }, + { + "id": 14036, + "la": "Non tulit hoc animo aequo Dion, et versum illum Homeri rettulit ex secunda rhapsodia, in quo haec sententia est: non posse bene geri rem publicam multorum imperiis Quod dictum magna invidia consecuta est; namque aperuisse videbatur omnia in sua potestate esse velle Hanc ille non lenire obsequio, sed acerbitate opprimere studuit, Heraclidemque, cum Syracusas venisset, interficiundum curavit", + "en": "This situation Dion could not bear with patience, but quoted the well-known verse of Homer from his second book, of which the purport is, that a state cannot be well governed when there are many in authority. This saying of his, since it seemed to show that he aimed at supreme power, excited great dissatisfaction, a dissatisfaction which he did not try to lessen by mildness, but to crush out by severity; and when Heraclides had come to Syracuse, he contrived to have him assassinated." + }, + { + "id": 14037, + "la": "Quod factum omnibus maximum timorem iniecit; nemo enim illo interfecto se tutum putabat Ille autem, adversario remoto, licentius eorum bona quos sciebat adversus se sensisse militibus dispertivit", + "en": "7. That act filled all men with extreme fear; for after Heraclides had been killed, no one felt safe. But Dion, having rid himself of his rival, with still greater lawlessness divided among his soldiers the property of those whom he knew to be opposed to him." + }, + { + "id": 14038, + "la": "Quibus divisis, cum cotidiani maximi fierent sumptus, celeriter pecunia deesse coepit, neque quo manus porrigeret suppetebat, nisi in amicorum possessiones", + "en": "After distributing that money, as his daily expenses were very great, he soon began to be in need of funds, and there was nothing on which he could lay his hands except the possessions of his friends." + }, + { + "id": 14039, + "la": "Id eius modi erat, ut, cum milites reconciliasset, amitteret optimates Quarum rerum cura angebatur et, insuetus male audiendi, non animo aequo ferebat de se ab iis male existimari quorum paulo ante in caelum fuerat elatus laudibus Vulgus autem, offensa in eum militum voluntate, liberius loquebatur et tyrannum non ferendum dictitabat", + "en": "The result of his conduct was, that when he had won back the soldiers, he lost the support of the aristocracy. The anxiety caused by these difficulties broke him down, and since he was not accustomed to criticism, he could not endure being thought ill of by those who but a short time before had exalted him to the skies with their praises. The common people too, now that he had lost the goodwill of the soldiers, spoke their minds more freely and insisted that a tyrant could not be tolerated." + }, + { + "id": 14040, + "la": "Haec ille intuens cum quem ad modum sedaret nesciret, et quorsum evaderent timeret, Callicrates quidam, civis Atheniensis, qui simul cum eo ex Peloponneso in Siciliam venerat, homo et callidus et ad fraudem acutus, sine ulla religione ac fide, adiit ad Dionem et ait: eum magno in periculo esse propter offensionem populi et odium militum, quod nullo modo evitare posset, nisi alicui suorum negotium daret qui se simularet illi inimicum", + "en": "8. Dion, aware of all this discontent, not knowing how to allay it, and fearing its possible result, was approached by one Callicrates,1 a citizen of Athens, who had come with him to Sicily from the Peloponnesus, a man both clever and skilled in deceit, utterly without scruple or sense of honour. He went to Dion and said: You are in great peril because of the ill-feeling of the people and the hostility of the soldiers. This you can escape in only one way, that is, by instructing some one of your friends to pretend to be your enemy." + }, + { + "id": 14041, + "la": "Quem si invenisset idoneum, facile omnium animos cogniturum adversariosque sublaturum, quod inimici ehis dissidenti suos sensus aperturi forent", + "en": "If you can hit upon the right man, it will be easy for him to acquaint himself with the feelings of the public and get rid of those who are hostile to you, since your foes will disclose their real sentiments to an enemy of yours." + }, + { + "id": 14042, + "la": "Tali consilio probato, excepit has partes ipse Callicrates et se armat imprudentia Dionis Ad eum interficiundum socios conquirit, adversarios eius convenit, coniuratione confirmat Res, multis consciis quae gereretur, elata defertur ad Aristomachen, sororem Dionis, uxoremque Areten", + "en": "This plan was approved, and Callicrates himself took the proposed part and armed himself at the expense of Dions heedlessness. To bring about his death, he sought accomplices, addressed himself to Dions enemies, and secured their loyalty by an oath. The plot, since many were implicated in it, was revealed and came to the ears of Aristomache, Dions sister, and of his wife, Arete." + }, + { + "id": 14043, + "la": "Illae timore perterritae conveniunt cuius de periculo timebant At ille negat a Callicrate fieri sibi insidias, sed illa quae agerentur fieri praecepto suo", + "en": "The two women, filled with terror, went to find the man for whose safety they feared; but he said that Callicrates was not plotting against him, but was acting in accordance with his directions." + }, + { + "id": 14044, + "la": "Mulieres nihilo setius Callicratem in aedem Proserpinae deducunt ac iurare cogunt nihil ab illo periculi fore Dioni Ille hac religione non modo non est deterritus, sed ad maturandum concitatus est, verens ne prius consilium aperiretur suum, quam cogitata perfecisset", + "en": "In spite of that, the women took Callicrates to the temple of Proserpina and forced him to swear that Dion would be in no danger from him. But the conspirator, far from being turned from his purpose by such an oath, was urged to greater haste, for fear that his design should be disclosed before he had accomplished his purpose." + }, + { + "id": 14045, + "la": "Hac mente proximo die festo, cum a conventu se remotum Dion domi teneret atque in conclavi edito recubuisset, consciis facinoris loca munitiora oppidi tradit, domum custodiis saepit, a foribus qui non discedant certos praeficit, navem triremem armatis ornat Philostratoque, fratri suo, tradit eamque in portu agitari iubet, ut si exercere remiges vellet, cogitans, si forte consiliis obstitisset fortuna, ut haberet qua fugeret ad salutem", + "en": "9. With that end in view, on a holiday which soon followed,1 when Dion had remained at home to avoid the crowd and had lain down in an upper room, Callicrates delivered to his accomplices the more strongly fortified parts of the town, surrounded the palace with guards, and chose trusty men to keep constant watch at the doors. He then equipped a trireme with armed men and committed it to his brother Philostratus, with orders to row up and down in the harbour, as if he were engaged in training his oarsmen, so that if by any chance Fortune thwarted his purpose, he might have the means of saving himself by flight." + }, + { + "id": 14046, + "la": "Suorum autem e numero Zacynthios adulescentes quosdam eligit cum audacissimos tum viribus maximis, iisque dat negotium, ad Dionem eant inermes, sic ut conveniendi eius gratia viderentur venire Ii propter notitiam sunt intromissi At illi ut limen eius intrarant, foribus obseratis, in lecto cubantem invadunt, colligant; fit strepitus, adeo ut exaudiri posset foris", + "en": "Then from the number of his followers he chose some young men from Zacynthos, who were both very daring and very strong, and directed them to go to Dion unarmed, so that it might appear that they were coming to pay him a visit. The youths, since they were acquaintances, were admitted; but no sooner had they crossed his threshold than they locked the door, rushed upon Dion as he lay in bed, and held him fast. The noise that they made could be heard outside." + }, + { + "id": 14047, + "la": "Hic, sicut ante saepe dictum est, quam invisa sit singularis potentia et miseranda vita, qui se metui quam amari malunt, cuivis facile intellectu fuit the hatred of absolute power and the wretched life of those who prefer to be feared rather than loved was readily apparent to all;", + "en": "In this instance too, as has often been said before," + }, + { + "id": 14048, + "la": "Namque ipsius custodes, si propitia fuissent voluntate, foribus effractis servare eum potuissent, quod illi inermes telum foris flagitantes vivum tenebant Cui cum succurreret nemo, Lyco quidam Syracusanus per fenestras gladium dedit, quo Dion interfectus est", + "en": "for Dions own guards,1 if they had been well disposed, might have broken open the door and saved him, since he was still alive in the hands of his assailants, who were unarmed and calling for a weapon from without But when no one came to his help, one Lyco, a Syracusan, passed a sword through the windows, and with it the tyrant was slain." + }, + { + "id": 14049, + "la": "Confecta caede, cum multitudo visendi gratia introisset, nonnulli ab insciis pro noxiis conciduntur Nam celeri rumore dilato Dioni vim adlatam, multi concurrerant, quibus tale facinus displicebat Ii falsa suspicione ducti immerentes ut sceleratos occidunt", + "en": "10. After the murder had been committed and a crowd had flocked in to see the sight, several men were killed by mistake, in the belief that they had done the deed. For the rumour that violence had been offered to Dion quickly spread, and many hastened to the spot to whom such a crime was abhorrent." + }, + { + "id": 14050, + "la": "Huius de morte ut palam factum est, mirabiliter vulgi mutata est voluntas; nam qui vivum eum tyrannum vocitarant, eidem liberatorem patriae tyrannique expulsorem praedicabant Sic subito misericordia odio successerat, ut eum suo sanguine ab Acherunte, si possent, cuperent redimere", + "en": "These it was who, misled by suspicion, slew the innocent in place of the guilty. No sooner was Dions death made known than the sentiment of the people changed in a remarkable manner. For those who had called him a tyrant while he was alive now insisted that he had saved his country and freed it from a tyrant. Hence, on a sudden, pity succeeded to hatred, and the people would have redeemed him from Acheron, had it been possible, at the price of their own blood." + }, + { + "id": 14051, + "la": "Itaque in urbe celeberrimo loco, elatus publice, sepulcri monumento donatus est Diem obiit circiter annos quinquaginta quinque natus, quartum post annum quam ex Peloponneso in Siciliam redierat", + "en": "And so he was buried in the most frequented part of the city at public expense, and the place of his burial was marked, by a monument. He died at the age of about fifty-five, three years after returning from the Peloponnesus to Sicily." + }, + { + "id": 14052, + "la": "Epaminondas, Polymnidis filius,Thebanus De hoc priusquam scribimus, haec praecipienda videntur lectoribus, ne alienos mores ad suos referant, neve ea quae ipsis leviora sunt pari modo apud ceteros fuisse arbitrentur", + "en": "1. Epaminondas, the Theban, son of Polymnis.1 Before writing about this man, I think I ought to warn my readers not to judge the customs of other nations by their own, and not to consider conduct which in their opinion is undignified as so regarded by other peoples." + }, + { + "id": 14053, + "la": "Scimus enim musicen nostris moribus abesse a principis persona, saltare vero etiam in vitiis poni; quae omnia apud Graecos et grata et laude digna ducuntur", + "en": "2. We know, for example, that according to our ideas music is unsuited to a personage of importance, while dancing is even numbered among the vices;3 but with the Greeks all such accomplishments were regarded as becoming and even praiseworthy." + }, + { + "id": 14054, + "la": "Cum autem exprimere imaginem consuetudinis atque vitae velimus Epaminondae, nihil videmur debere praetermittere quod pertineat ad eam declarandam", + "en": "Since, then, I wish to portray the life and habits of Epaminondas, it seems to me that I ought to omit nothing which contributes to that end." + }, + { + "id": 14055, + "la": "Qua re dicemus primum de genere eius, deinde quibus disciplinis et a quibus sit eruditus, tum de moribus ingeniique facultatibus et si qua alia memoria digna erunt, postremo de rebus gestis, quae a plurimis animi anteponuntur virtutibus", + "en": "Therefore I shall speak first of his family, then of the subjects which he studied and his teachers, next of his character, his natural qualities, and anything else that is worthy of record. Finally, I shall give an account of his exploits, which many writers consider more important than mental excellence." + }, + { + "id": 14056, + "la": "Natus igitur patre quo diximus, genere honesto, pauper iam a maioribus relictus est, eruditus autem sic ut nemo Thebanus magis Nam et citharizare et cantare ad chordarum sonum doctus est a Dionysio, qui non minore fuit in musicis gloria quam Damon aut Lamprus, quorum pervulgata sunt nomina, cantare tibiis ab Olympiodoro, saltare a Calliphrone", + "en": "2. Well then, he was born of the father whom I have mentioned; his family was an honourable one, but had been in moderate circumstances for some time; yet in spite of that he received as good an education as any Theban. Thus he was taught to play the lyre, and to sing with an instrumental accompaniment, by Dionysius, who in the musical world was equal in reputation to Damon or Lamprus, whose names are known everywhere. He learned to play the pipes from Olympiodorus and to dance from Calliphron." + }, + { + "id": 14057, + "la": "At philosophiae praeceptorem habuit Lysim Tarentinum, Pythagoreum; cui quidem sic fuit deditus, ut adulescens tristem ac severum senem omnibus aequalibus suis in familiaritate anteposuerit; neque prius eum a se dimisit, quam in doctrinis tanto antecessit condiscipulos, ut facile intellegi posset pari modo superaturum omnes in ceteris artibus", + "en": "In philosophy he had as his master Lysis of Tarentum, the Pythagorean, and to him he was so attached that in his youth he was more intimate with that grave and austere old man than with any of the young people of his own age; and he would not allow his teacher to leave him until he so far surpassed his fellow-students in learning, that it could readily be understood that in a similar way he would surpass all men in all other accomplishments." + }, + { + "id": 14058, + "la": "Atque haec ad nostram consuetudinem sunt levia et potius contemnenda; at in Graecia, utique olim, magnae laudi erant", + "en": "Now these last, according to our views, are trivial, or rather, contemptible; but in Greece, especially in bygone days, they were highly esteemed." + }, + { + "id": 14059, + "la": "Postquam ephebus est factus et palaestrae dare operam coepit, non tam magnitudini virium servivit quam velocitati; illam enim ad athletarum usum, hanc ad belli existimabat utilitatem pertinere", + "en": "As soon as Epaminondas attained military age and began to interest himself in physical exercise, he aimed less at great strength than at agility; for he thought that the former was necessary for athletes, but that the latter would be helpful in warfare." + }, + { + "id": 14060, + "la": "Itaque exercebatur plurimum currendo et luctando ad eum finem, quoad stans complecti posset atque contendere In armis vero plurimum studii consumebat", + "en": "Accordingly, he trained himself thoroughly in running and wrestling, but in the latter only to the extent of being able, while still standing, to seize his opponent and contend with him. But it was to the use of arms that he devoted his greatest efforts." + }, + { + "id": 14061, + "la": "Ad hanc corporis firmitatem plura etiam animi bona accesserant Erat enim modestus, prudens, gravis, temporibus sapienter utens, peritus belli, fortis manu, animo maximo, adeo veritatis diligens, ut ne ioco quidem mentiretur", + "en": "3. To the bodily strength that he thus acquired there were added still greater mental gifts; for he was temperate, prudent, serious, and skilful in taking advantage of opportunities; practised in war, of great personal courage and of high spirit; such a lover of the truth that he never lied even in jest." + }, + { + "id": 14062, + "la": "Idem continens, clemens patiensque admirandum in modum, non solum populi, sed etiam amicorum ferens iniurias; in primis commissa celans, quod interdum non minus prodest quam diserte dicere, studiosusaudiendi; ex hoc enim facillime disci arbitrabatur Itaque cum in circulum venisset in quo aut de re publica disputaretur aut de philosophia sermo haberetur, numquam inde prius discessit, quam ad finem sermo esset adductus", + "en": "Furthermore, he was self-controlled, kindly, and forbearing to a surprising degree, putting up with wrongs, not only from the people, but even from his friends; he was most particular in keeping secrets, a quality which is sometimes no less valuable than eloquence, and he was a good listener; for he thought that to be the easiest way of acquiring information. Therefore, whenever he was in a gathering where there was an argument about affairs of state or philosophical discussion, he never left until the conversation was ended." + }, + { + "id": 14063, + "la": "Paupertatem adeo facile perpessus est, ut de re publica nihil praeter gloriam ceperit Amicorum in se tuendo caruit facultatibus, fide ad alios sublevandos saepe sic usus est, ut iudicari possit omnia ei cum amicis fuisse communia", + "en": "He found it so easy to endure narrow means that from his public services he gained nothing but glory, and he declined to use the wealth of his friends for his own necessities. In aiding others, on the contrary, he made such use of their trust1 in him that one might suppose that he and his friends shared all their possessions in common." + }, + { + "id": 14064, + "la": "Nam cum aut civium suorum aliquis ab hostibus esset captus aut virgo amici nubilis, quae propter paupertatem collocari non posset, amicorum consilium habebat et quantum quisque daret pro facultatibus imperabat", + "en": "2. For if anyone of his fellow-citizens had been taken by the enemy, or if a friends daughter was of marriageable age but could not be wedded because of lack of means, he took counsel of his friends and fixed the amount of the contribution which each was to make, adapting the sum to the contributors means." + }, + { + "id": 14065, + "la": "Eamque summam cum confecerat, priusquam acciperet pecuniam, adducebat eum qui quaerebat ad eos qui conferebant, eique ut ipsi numerarent faciebat, ut ille ad quem ea res perveniebat sciret quantum cuique deberet", + "en": "And having made up the necessary amount, before taking the money he presented the one who was in need to the contributors, in order that the man who received help might know how much he owed each one." + }, + { + "id": 14066, + "la": "Temptata autem eius est abstinentia a Diomedonte Cyziceno; namque is rogatu Artaxerxis regis Epaminondam pecunia corrumpendum susceperat Hic magno cum pondere auri Thebas venit et Micythum adulescentulum quinque talentis ad suam perduxit voluntatem, quem tum Epaminondas plurimum diligebat Micythus Epaminondam convenit et causam adventus Diomedontis ostendit", + "en": "4. His integrity was tested by Diomedon, of Cyzicus, who, at the request of King Artaxerxes, had undertaken to bribe Epaminondas. Diomedon came to Thebes with a great amount of gold, and with five talents won the support of a young man named Micythus, to whom Epaminondas was greatly attached at that time. Micythus went to Epaminondas and explained the reason for Diomedons coming." + }, + { + "id": 14067, + "la": "At ille Diomedonti coram Nihil, inquit, opus pecunia est; nam si rex ea vult quae Thebanis sunt utilia, gratiis facere sum paratus; sin autem contraria, non habet auri atque argenti satis Namque orbis terrarum divitias accipere nolo pro patriae caritate Tu quod me incognitum temptasti tuique similem existimasti non miror tibique ignosco; sed egredere propere, ne alios corrumpas, cum me non potueris Et tu, Micythe, argentum huic redde, aut, nisi id confestim facis, ego te tradam magistratui.", + "en": "But the great man dealt with the Persian face to face, saying: There is no need of money; for if what the king wishes is to the interest of the Thebans, I am ready to do it free of charge; but if the contrary is true, he has not gold and silver enough; for I would not take all the riches in the world in exchange for my love of country. As for you, who do not know me, I am not surprised that you have tried to tempt me and believed me to be a man like yourself, and I forgive you; but leave here at once, so that you may not corrupt others, since you have failed with me. And you, Micythus, give this man back his money; and if you do not do so immediately, I shall hand you over to the magistrates.1" + }, + { + "id": 14068, + "la": "Hunc Diomedon cum rogaret, ut tuto exiret suaque quae attulerat liceret efferre, Istud quidem, inquit, faciam, neque tua causa, sed mea, ne, si tibi sit pecunia adempta, aliquis dicat id ad me ereptum pervenisse, quod delatum accipere noluissem.", + "en": "When Diomedon asked that he might go away in safety and be allowed to take the money that he had brought with him, Epaminondas replied: I will grant your request, not, however, for your sake, but for my own; for I fear that if your money should be taken from you, someone might say that the sum which I had refused when it was offered as a gift had come into my hands through confiscation." + }, + { + "id": 14069, + "la": "A quo cum quaesisset quo se deduci vellet, et ille Athenas dixisset, praesidium dedit, ut tuto perveniret Neque vero id satis habuit, sed etiam ut inviolatus in navem escenderet per Chabriam Atheniensem, de quo supra mentionem fecimus, effecit", + "en": "Epaminondas then asked the Persian where he wished to be taken, and when Diomedon named Athens, he gave him an escort, to secure his safe arrival. And he was not even satisfied with that, but through Chabrias, the Athenian, of whom I have already spoken, he saved Diomedon from being molested before he embarked." + }, + { + "id": 14070, + "la": "Abstinentiae erit hoc satis testimonium Plurima quidem proferre possimus, sed modus adhibendus est, quoniam uno hoc volumine vitam excellentium virorum complurium concludere constituimus, quorum res separatim multis milibus versuum complures scriptores ante nos explicarunt", + "en": "Of Epaminondas integrity this will be sufficient proof. As a matter of fact, I might cite a great many instances, but I must use restraint, since I have planned in this one volume to include the lives of several distinguished men, to whose individual deeds various writers before me have devoted many thousand lines." + }, + { + "id": 14071, + "la": "Fuit etiam disertus ut nemo ei Thebanus par esset eloquentia, neque minus concinnus in brevitate respondendi quam in perpetua oratione ornatus", + "en": "5. Epaminondas was also so good a speaker that no Theban equalled him in eloquence, and he was not less clever in brief answers than brilliant in a set speech." + }, + { + "id": 14072, + "la": "Habuit obtrectatorem Menecliden quendam, indidem Thebis, et adversarium in administranda re publica, satis exercitatum in dicendo, ut Thebanum scilicet; namque illi genti plus inest virium quam ingenii", + "en": "He- had a detractor in the person of one Meneclides, also a native of Thebes and his rival in the administration of the state, who too was a practised speaker, at least for a Theban; for that people possesses more bodily strength than mental ability." + }, + { + "id": 14073, + "la": "Is quod in re militari florere Epaminondam videbat, hortari solebat Thebanos ut pacem bello anteferrent, ne illius imperatoris opera desideraretur Huic ille Fallis, inquit, verbo civis tuos, quod eos a bello avocas2; otii enim nomine servitutem concilias;", + "en": "This man, observing that warfare brought glory to Epaminondas, used to urge the Thebans to seek peace rather than war, in order that they might not need the aid of that great man as their commander. To him Epaminondas said: You are deceiving your fellow-citizens by using the wrong word, when you dissuade them from war; for under the name of peace it is slavery that you are recommending." + }, + { + "id": 14074, + "la": "nam paritur pax bello Itaque qui ea diutina volunt frui, bello exercitati esse debent Qua re si principes Graeciae vultis esse, castris est vobis utendum, non palaestra.", + "en": "As a matter of fact, peace is won by war; hence those who wish to enjoy it for a long time ought to be trained for war. Therefore if you wish to be the leading city of Greece, you must frequent the camp and not the gymnasium." + }, + { + "id": 14075, + "la": "Idem ille Meneclides cum huic obiceret quod liberos non haberet neque uxorem duxisset, maximeque insolentiam, quod sibi Agamemnonis belli gloriam videretur consecutus: at ille Desine, inquit, Meneclida, de uxore mihi exprobrare; nam nullius in ista re minus uti consilio volo. Habebat enim Meneclides suspicionem adulteri", + "en": "When this same Meneclides taunted him with not having children or marrying, and especially with arrogance in thinking that he had equalled Agamemnons renown in war, Epaminondas answered: Cease, Meneclides, to taunt me about marriage; there is no one whose example in that regard I should be less willing to follow; and, in fact, Meneclides was suspected of adultery." + }, + { + "id": 14076, + "la": "Quod autem me Agamemnonem aemulari putas, falleris Namque ille cum universa Graecia vix decem annis unam cepit urbem, ego contra ea una urbe nostra dieque uno totam Graeciam, Lacedaemoniis fugatis, liberavi.", + "en": "Further, in supposing that I regard Agamemnon as a rival, you are mistaken; for he, with all Greece at his back, needed fully ten years to take one city, while I, on the contrary, with this city of ours alone, and in a single day, routed the Lacedaemonians and freed all Greece.1" + }, + { + "id": 14077, + "la": "Idem cum in conventum venisset Arcadum, petens ut societatem cum Thebanis et Argivis facerent, contraque Callistratus, Atheniensium legatus, qui eloquentia omnes eo praestabat tempore, postularet ut potius amicitiam sequerentur Atticorum, et in oratione sua multa invectus esset in Thebanos et Argivos in iisque hoc posuisset, animum advertere debere Arcades quales utraque civitas cives procreasset, ex quibus de ceteris possent iudicare: Argivos enim fuisse Orestem et Alcmaeonem matricidas;", + "en": "6. Again, when he had entered the assembly of the Arcadians, urging them to conclude an alliance with the Thebans and Argives, Callistratus, the envoy of the Athenians and the most eloquent orator of that time advised them rather to ally themselves with the people of Attica, and in his speech made many attacks upon the Thebans and Argives. For example, he declared that the Arcadians ought to bear in mind the character of some of the citizens that those two cities had produced, since from them they could form an estimate of the rest. Thus from Argos came Orestes and Alcmaeon, the matricides;" + }, + { + "id": 14078, + "la": "Thebis Oedipum natum, qui, cum patrem suum interfecisset, ex matre liberos procreasset: huic in respondendo Epaminondas, cum de ceteris perorasset, postquam ad illa duo opprobria pervenit, admirari se dixit stultitiam rhetoris Attici, qui non animadverterit, innocentes illos natos domi, scelere admisso cum patria essent expulsi, receptos esse ab Atheniensibus", + "en": "from Thebes, Oedipus, who, after killing his father, begot children from his mother. In replying to him Epaminondas, after having first discussed the other questions, finally came to these two taunts. He was amazed, he said, at the folly of the Attic orator, who did not understand that those men were all blameless at the time of their birth in their native land, but after they had committed their crimes and had been exiled from their country, they had found asylum with the Athenians." + }, + { + "id": 14079, + "la": "Sed maxime eius eloquentia eluxit Spartae legati ante pugnam Leuctricam Quo cum omnium sociorum convenissent legati, coram frequentissimo conventu sic Lacedaemoniorum tyrannidem coarguit, ut non minus illa oratione opes eorum concusserit quam Leuctrica pugna Tum enim perfecit, quod post apparuit, ut auxilio Lacedaemonii sociorum privarentur", + "en": "But his most brilliant display of eloquence was at Sparta, as envoy before the battle of Leuctra. For when the representatives of all the allies had assembled there, in the presence of that great throng he denounced the despotism of the Lacedaemonians in such terms that he did not shake the Spartan power more by the battle of Leuctra than by that famous address. For it was then'as afterwards became clear'that he succeeded in depriving the Lacedaemonians of the support of their allies." + }, + { + "id": 14080, + "la": "Fuisse patientem suorumque iniurias ferentem civium, quod se patriae irasci nefas esse duceret, haec sunt testimonia Cum eum propter invidiam cives sui praeficere exercitui noluissent duxque esset delectus belli imperitus", + "en": "7. That he was patient and submitted to the injustice of his fellow-citizens because he thought it impious to show anger towards his country, appears from the following evidence. The Thebans because of jealousy had refused to make him commander of their army and had chosen a leader without experience in warfare." + }, + { + "id": 14081, + "la": "cum in Peloponnesum exercitum duxisset adversus Lacedaemonios haberetque collegas duos, quorum alter erat Pelopidas, vir fortis ac strenuus", + "en": "the army to the Peloponnesus against the Lacedaemonians and had two colleagues, one of whom was Pelopidas, a man of courage and energy." + }, + { + "id": 14082, + "la": "Hi cum criminibus adversariorum omnes in invidiam venissent ob eamque rem imperium iis esset abrogatum atque in eorum locum alii praetores successissent, Epaminondas populi scito non paruit idemque ut facerent persuasit collegis, et bellum quod susceperat gessit Namque animadvertebat, nisi id fecisset, totum exercitum propter praetorum imprudentiam inscitiamque belli periturum Lex erat Thebis, quae morte multabat, si quis imperium diutius retinuisset quam lege praefinitum foret Hanc Epaminondas cum rei publicae conservandae causa latam videret, ad perniciem civitatis conferri noluit et quattuor mensibus diutius quam populus iusserat gessit imperium", + "en": "All these generals had become, through the charges of their opponents, objects of suspicion, and for that reason their command had been taken from them and other leaders had been appointed in their place. Epaminondas refused to obey the peoples decree, persuaded his colleagues to follow his example, and continued the war which he had begun; for he knew that unless he did so, the entire army would be lost, owing to the incapacity of the generals and their ignorance of warfare. There was a law at Thebes which punished with death anyone who had retained a command beyond the time provided by that law. Since Epaminondas realized that the law in question had been passed for the safety of his country, he did not wish it to contribute to the ruin of the state; consequently, he retained his command for four months longer than the time fixed by the people." + }, + { + "id": 14083, + "la": "Postquam domum reditum est, collegae eius hoc crimine accusabantur Quibus ille permisit ut omnem causam in se transferrent suaque opera factum contenderent, ut legi non oboedirent Qua defensione illis periculo liberatis, nemo Epaminondam responsurum putabat, quod quid diceret non haberet At ille in iudicium venit, nihil eorum negavit quae adversarii crimini dabant, omniaque quae collegae dixerant confessus est neque recusavit quominus legis poenam subiret; sed unum ab iis petivit, ut in periculo suo inscriberent:", + "en": "8. After they returned home, his colleagues were brought to trial for their disobedience. Epaminondas allowed them to throw the entire responsibility upon him and to urge in their defence that it was due to him that they had disobeyed the law. That plea freed them from danger, and no one thought that Epaminondas would put in an appearance, since he had nothing to say in his defence. But he came into court, denied none of the charges of his opponents, admitted everything that his colleagues had said, and did not refuse to submit to the penalty named in the law. He made only one request of the judges, namely, that they should enter the following record of his sentence.1" + }, + { + "id": 14084, + "la": "Epaminondas a Thebanis morte multatus est, quod eos coegit apud Leuctra superare Lacedaemonios, quos ante se imperatorem nemo Boeotorum ausus fuit aspicere in acie, quodque uno proelio non solum Thebas ab interitu retraxit, sed etiam universam Graeciam in libertatem vindicavit eoque res utrorumque perduxit, ut Thebani Spartam oppugnarent, Lacedaemonii satis haberent, si salvi esse possent, neque prius bellare destitit quam, Messene restituta, urbem eorum obsidione clausit.", + "en": "Epaminondas was condemned to death by the Thebans because at Leuctra he compelled them to vanquish the Lacedaemonians, whom before he took command no Boeotian had dared to face in battle, and because in a single contest he not only saved Thebes from destruction, but also secured freedom for all Greece and so changed the situation of the contending parties that the Thebans attacked the Lacedaemonians, while the Lacedaemonians were satisfied with being able to save themselves; and he did not bring the war to an end until by the restoration of Messene he placed Sparta in a state of siege." + }, + { + "id": 14085, + "la": "Haec cum dixisset, risus omnium cum hilaritate coortus est, neque quisquam iudex ausus est de eo ferre suffragium Sic a iudicio capitis maxima discessit gloria", + "en": "When he had said this, there was laughter and merriment throughout the assembly and no juror ventured to vote for his condemnation. Thus from a capital charge he gained the greatest glory." + }, + { + "id": 14086, + "la": "Hic extremo tempore imperator apud Mantineam cum acie instructa audacius instaret hostes, cognitus a Lacedaemoniis, quod in unius pernicie eius patriae sitam putabant salutem, universi in unum impetum fecerunt neque prius abscesserunt quam magna caede multisque occisis fortissime ipsum Epaminondam pugnantem, sparo eminus percussum, concidere viderunt", + "en": "9. Finally, when commander at Mantinea, in the heat of battle he charged the enemy too boldly. He was recognized by the Lacedaemonians, and since they believed that the death of that one man would ensure the safety of their country, they all directed their attack at him alone and kept on until, after great bloodshed and the loss of many men, they saw Epaminondas himself fall valiantly fighting, struck down by a lance hurled from afar." + }, + { + "id": 14087, + "la": "Huius casu aliquantum retardati sunt Boeotii, neque tamen prius pugna excesserunt quam repugnantes profligarunt At Epaminondas cum animadverteret mortiferum se vulnus accepisse simulque, si ferrum, quod ex hastili in corpore remanserat, extraxisset, animam statim emissurum, usque eo retinuit, quoad renuntiatum est vicisse Boeotios Id postquam audivit, Satis, inquit, vixi; invictus enim morior. Tum, ferro extracto, confestim exanimatus est", + "en": "By his death the Boeotians were checked for a time, but they did not leave the field until they had completely defeated the enemy. But Epaminondas, realizing that he had received a mortal wound, and at the same time that if he drew out the head of the lance, which was separated from the shaft and fixed in his body, he would at once die, retained it until news came that the Boeotians were victorious. As soon as he heard that, he cried: I have lived long enough, since I die unconquered. Then he drew out the iron and at once breathed his last." + }, + { + "id": 14088, + "la": "Hic uxorem numquam duxit In quo cum reprehenderetur a Pelopida, qui filium habebat infamem, maleque eum in eo patriae consulere diceret, quod liberos non relinqueret, Vide, inquit, ne tu peius consulas, qui talem ex te natum relicturus sis Neque vero stirps potest mihi deesse;", + "en": "10. Epaminondas never took a wife. Because of this he was criticized by Pelopidas,1 who had a son of evil reputation; for his friend said that the great Theban did a wrong to his country in not leaving children. Epaminondas replied; Take heed that you do not do her a greater wrong in leaving such a son as yours. And besides, I cannot lack offspring;" + }, + { + "id": 14089, + "la": "namque ex me natam relinquo pugnam Leuctricam, quae non modo mihi superstes, sed etiam immortalis sit necesse est. Quo tempore duce Pelopida exsules Thebas occuparunt et praesidium Lacedaemoniorum ex arce expulerunt, Epaminondas, quam diu facta est caedes civium, domo se tenuit, quod neque malos defendere volebat neque impugnare, ne manus suorum sanguine cruentaret; namque omnem civilem victoriam funestam putabat Idem, postquam apud Cadmeam cum Lacedaemoniis pugnari coeptum est, in primis stetit", + "en": "for I leave as my daughter the battle of Leuctra, which is certain, not merely to survive me, but even to be immortal. When the exiles, led by Pelopidas, took Thebes and drove the Lacedaemonian garrison from the citadel, so long as the citizens were being slain Epaminondas remained in his house, since he was unwilling either to aid the traitors or to fight against them, from reluctance to stain his hands with the blood of his countrymen; for he thought that every victory won in a civil war was pernicious. But as soon as the combat began with the Lacedaemonians at the Cadmea, he stood in the forefront." + }, + { + "id": 14090, + "la": "Huius de virtutibus vitaque satis erit dictum, si hoc unum adiunxero, quod nemo ibit infitias: Thebas et ante Epaminondam natum et post eiusdem interitum perpetuo alieno paruisse imperio, contra ea, quam diu ille praefuerit rei publicae, caput fuisse totius Graeciae Ex quo intellegi potest unum hominem pluris quam civitatem fuisse", + "en": "Enough will have been said of this great mans virtues and of his life, if I add this one thing, which nobody will deny. Before the birth of Epaminondas, and after his death, Thebes was subject constantly to the hegemony of others; but, on the contrary, so long as he was at the head of the state, she was the leading city of all Greece. This fact shows that one man was worth more than the entire body of citizens." + }, + { + "id": 14091, + "la": "Eumenes Cardianus Huius si virtuti par data esset fortuna, non ille quidem maior exstitisset1'quod magnos homines virtute metimur, non fortuna sed multo illustrior atque etiam honoratior", + "en": "1. Eumenes of Cardia. If this mans merit had been attended by equal good fortune, he would not, it is true, have turned out greater (for we measure a mans greatness by his merit and not by his fortune), but he would have been much more famous and even more honoured." + }, + { + "id": 14092, + "la": "Nam cum aetas eius incidisset in ea tempora quibus Macedones florerent, multum ei detraxit inter eos viventi, quod alienae erat civitatis, neque aliud huic defuit quam generosa stirps", + "en": "For his lifetime fell in the period when the Macedonians were at the height of their power, and living as he did in their country, it was greatly to his disadvantage that he was a native of a foreign state; for he lacked nothing except noble descent." + }, + { + "id": 14093, + "la": "Etsi ille domestico summo genere erat, tamen Macedones eum sibi aliquando anteponi indigne ferebant, neque tamen non patiebantur; vincebat enim omnes cura, vigilantia, patientia, calliditate et celeritate ingenii", + "en": "Although he was of the highest rank in his own country, yet the Macedonians were indignant that he was sometimes preferred to them; but they were obliged to put up with it, since he excelled them all in diligence, in watchfulness and in endurance, as well as in skill and mental alertness." + }, + { + "id": 14094, + "la": "Hic peradulescentulus ad amicitiam accessit Philippi, Amyntae filii, brevique tempore in intimam pervenit familiaritatem; fulgebat enim iam in adulescentulo indoles virtutis Itaque eum habuit ad manum scribae loco, quod multo apud Graios honorificentius est quam apud Romanos", + "en": "Eumenes, when very young, became the friend of Philip, son of Amyntas, and soon grew very intimate with the king, being conspicuous even in his youth for his high character. Therefore Philip kept him near his person, in the capacity of secretary, a position much more highly honoured among the Greeks than with the Romans." + }, + { + "id": 14095, + "la": "Namque apud nos, re vera sicut sunt, mercennarii scribae existimantur; at apud illos e contrario nemo ad id officium admittitur nisi honesto loco, et fide et industria cognita, quod necesse est omnium consiliorum eum esse participem", + "en": "With us, indeed, scribes are considered hirelings, as in fact they are; in Greece, on the contrary, no one is accepted for such a position unless he is of respectable family and of proven fidelity and ability, since he is necessarily acquainted with all his superiors plans." + }, + { + "id": 14096, + "la": "Hunc locum tenuit amicitiae apud Philippum annos septem Illo interfecto, eodem gradu fuit apud Alexandrum annos tredecim Novissimo tempore praefuit etiam alterae equitum alae, quae Hetaerice appellabatur Utrique autem in consilio semper adfuit et omnium rerum habitus est particeps", + "en": "This position of friendship with Philip Eumenes held for seven years. When Philip was assassinated, he held the same rank with Alexander for thirteen years. During the latter part of that time he commanded one of the two corps of cavalry known as The Band of Comrades. Moreover, he was always asked for his advice by both kings and given a share in all their affairs." + }, + { + "id": 14097, + "la": "Alexandro Babylone mortuo, cum regna singulis familiaribus dispertirentur et summa tradita esset tuenda eidem cui Alexander moriens anulum suum dederat, Perdiccae'ex quo omnes coniecerant eum regnum ei commisisse, quoad liberi eius in suam tutelam pervenissent; aberat enim Crateros et Antipater, qui antecedere hunc videbantur;", + "en": "2. When Alexander died at Babylon, his provinces had entrusted the rule to Perdiccas until his own children should come of age; for Craterus and Antipater were not present, who obviously had better claims than Perdiccas;" + }, + { + "id": 14098, + "la": "mortuus erat Hephaestio, quem unum Alexander, quod facile intellegi posset, plurimi fecerat Hoc tempore data est Eumeni Cappadocia, sive potius dicta; nam tum in hostium erat potestate Hunc sibi Perdiccas adiunxerat magno studio, quod in homine fidem et industriam magnam videbat, non dubitans, si eum pellexisset, magno usui fore sibi in iis rebus quas apparabat", + "en": "Hephaestion was dead, whom Alexander esteemed most of all, as could readily be seen. At that time Cappadocia was given to Eumenes, or rather, promised to him, since it was then in possession of the enemy. Perdiccas had made every effort to win his friendship, realizing the mans great loyalty and ability, and had no doubt that, if he should gain his regard, Eumenes would be very useful to him in carrying out his plans;" + }, + { + "id": 14099, + "la": "Cogitabat enim, quod fere omnes in magnis imperiis concupiscunt, omnium partis corripere atque complecti Neque vero hoc ille solus fecit, sed ceteri quoque omnes qui Alexandri fuerant amici Primus Leonnatus Macedoniam praeoccupare destinavit Hic multis magnisque pollicitationibus persuadere Eumeni studuit, ut Perdiccam desereret ac secum faceret societatem", + "en": "for it was his design to do what almost all who hold great power aspire to, namely, seize the shares of all the others and unite them. But he was not the only one who had this design, for it was entertained by all the rest who had been friends of Alexander. First, Leonnatus proposed to usurp Macedonia, and tried by many lavish promises to induce Eumenes to desert Perdiccas and form an alliance with him." + }, + { + "id": 14100, + "la": "Cum perducere eum non posset, interficere conatus est; et fecisset, nisi ille clam noctu ex praesidiis eius effugisset", + "en": "Failing in that, Leonnatus tried to kill Eumenes, and would have succeeded if his intended victim had not eluded his guards by night and made his escape." + }, + { + "id": 14101, + "la": "Interim conflata sunt illa bella quae ad internecionem post Alexandri mortem gesta sunt, omnesque concurrerunt ad Perdiccam opprimendum Quem etsi infirmum videbat, quod unus omnibus resistere cogebatur, tamen amicum non deseruit neque salutis quam fidei fuit cupidior Praefecerat hunc Perdiccas ei parti Asiae quae inter Taurum montem iacet atque Hellespontum, et illum unum opposuerat Europaeis adversariis; ipse Aegyptum oppugnatum adversus Ptolemaeum erat profectus", + "en": "Meanwhile those notorious wars of extermination broke out which followed the death of Alexander, and all united in an attack upon Perdiccas, to rid themselves of him. Although Eumenes saw the weakness of his friends position, in being obliged to resist all the others single-handed, yet he did not desert him nor desire safety at the expense of loyalty. Perdiccas had made him governor of the part of Asia lying between the Taurus mountains and the Hellespont and had left him to face his European opponents alone; he himself had gone to Egypt, to war against Ptolemy." + }, + { + "id": 14102, + "la": "Eumenes cum neque magnas copias neque firmas haberet, quod et inexercitatae et non multo ante erant contractae, adventare autem dicerentur Hellespontumque transisse Antipater et Crateros magno cum exercitu Macedonum, viri cum claritate tum usu belli praestantes'Macedones vero milites ea tum erant fama, qua nunc Romani feruntur; etenim semper habiti sunt fortissimi, qui summi imperii potirentur'Eumenes intellegebat, si copiae suae cognossent adversus quos ducerentur, non modo non ituras, sed simul cum nuntio dilapsuras", + "en": "The troops of Eumenes were neither numerous nor strong, since they had been enrolled not long before and lacked training; moreover, it was said that Antipater and Craterus, two men eminent both for their renown and their military experience, had crossed the Hellespont with a great army of Macedonians. In those days the Macedonian soldiers had the reputation that the Romans now enjoy, since those have always been regarded as of the greatest valour who rule the whole world, and Eumenes understood that if his troops knew against whom they were being led, they would not only refuse to go, but immediately on hearing the news would melt away." + }, + { + "id": 14103, + "la": "Itaque hoc ei visum est prudentissimum, ut deviis itineribus milites duceret, in quibus vera audire non possent, et iis persuaderet se contra quosdam barbaros proficisci Itaque tenuit hoc propositum et prius in aciem exercitum eduxit proeliumque commisit, quam milites sui scirent cum quibus arma conferrent Effecit etiam illud locorum praeoccupatione, ut equitatu potius dimicaret, quo plus valebat, quam peditatu, quo erat deterior", + "en": "It therefore seemed wisest to lead the soldiers over by-ways, where they could not learn the truth, and make them believe that they were marching against some barbarian tribe or other. And so well did Eumenes carry out this plan, that his army was already drawn up and had begun the battle before the soldiers knew with whom they were to fight. He also, by choosing his ground in advance of the enemy, made the brunt of the battle fall on his cavalry, in which he was the stronger, rather than on the infantry, in which he was inferior." + }, + { + "id": 14104, + "la": "Quorum acerrimo concursu cum magnam partem diei esset oppugnatum, cadit Crateros dux et Neoptolemus, qui secundum locum imperii tenebat Cum hoc concurrit ipse Eumenes Qui cum inter se complexi in terram ex equis decidissent, ut facile intellegi possent inimica mente contendisse animoque magis etiam pugnasse quam corpore, non prius distracti sunt quam alterum anima relinqueret", + "en": "4. They engaged for a greater part of a day in a fierce struggle, in which Craterus fell, the leader of the enemy, as well as Neoptolemus, who was second in command. With the latter Eumenes fought hand to hand. When the two had grappled and had fallen from their horses to the ground, it could easily be seen that they were personal enemies, and that their contest was one of the spirit even more than of body; for they could not be separated until one of the two had been killed." + }, + { + "id": 14105, + "la": "Ab hoc aliquot plagis Eumenes vulneratur neque eo magis ex proelio excessit, sed acrius hostis institit", + "en": "From his opponent Eumenes suffered several wounds, but he did not on that account leave the field, but attacked the enemy with renewed vigour." + }, + { + "id": 14106, + "la": "Hic equitibus profligatis, interfecto duce Cratero, multis praeterea et maxime nobilibus captis, pedester exercitus, quod in ea loca erat deductus ut invito Eumene elabi non posset, pacem ab eo petit Quam cum impetrasset, in fide non mansit et se, simul ac potuit, ad Antipatrum recepit", + "en": "Then, after the cavalry had been routed, their leader Craterus killed, and many prisoners taken besides, including men of very high rank, the enemys infantry was decoyed into a position from which it could not escape without the consent of Eumenes, and sued for a truce. Having obtained it, they did not keep faith, but returned as soon as possible to Antipater." + }, + { + "id": 14107, + "la": "Eumenes Craterum ex acie semivivum elatum recreare studuit; cum id non posset, pro hominis dignitate proque pristina amicitia'namque illo usus erat Alexandro vivo familiariter'amplo funere extulit ossaque in Macedoniam uxori eius ac liberis remisit", + "en": "Eumenes tried to cure Craterus, who had been carried off the field still living; when that proved impossible, bearing in mind the high position of the deceased and their former friendship (for the two had been intimate during the lifetime of Alexander) he gave him a funeral with great ceremony and sent his ashes to his wife and children in Macedonia." + }, + { + "id": 14108, + "la": "Haec dum apud Hellespontum geruntur, Perdiccas apud Nilum flumen interficitur ab Seleuco et Antigene, rerumque summa ad Antipatrum defertur Hic qui deseruerant, exercitu suffragium ferente, capitis absentes damnantur, in iis Eumenes Hac ille perculsus plaga, non succubuit neque eo setius bellum administravit Sed exiles res animi magnitudinem, etsi non frangebant, tamen minuebant", + "en": "5. While these events were taking place at the Hellespont, Perdiccas was slain near the river Nile by Seleucus and Antigenes, and the supreme power passed to Antipater. Then those who had not sided with the new ruler were condemned to death in their absence by vote of his army, including Eumenes. He, although the blow was a heavy one, did not succumb to it, but continued none the less to carry on the war; but his slender resources, although they did not break his high spirit, nevertheless impaired it." + }, + { + "id": 14109, + "la": "Hunc persequens Antigonus, cum omni genere copiarum abundaret, saepe in itineribus vexabatur, neque umquam ad manum accedere licebat nisi iis locis quibus pauci multis possent resistere", + "en": "Antigonus pursued him, but although he had an abundance of troops of every kind and often harassed Eumenes on the march, he never succeeded in engaging him in battle except in places where a few could resist great numbers." + }, + { + "id": 14110, + "la": "Sed extremo tempore, cum consilio capi non posset, multitudine circumitus est Hinc tamen, multis suis amissis, se expedivit et in castellum Phrygiae, quod Nora appellatur, confugit", + "en": "At last, however, though he could not be taken off his guard by strategy, Eumenes was surrounded by superior numbers. Yet he made his escape with the loss of many of his men, and took refuge in a fortified place in Phrygia, called Nora." + }, + { + "id": 14111, + "la": "In quo cum circumsederetur et vereretur ne, uno loco manens, equos militares perderet, quod spatium non esset agitandi, callidum fuit eius inventum quem ad modum stans iumentum concalfieri exercerique posset, quo libentius et cibo uteretur et a corporis motu non removeretur", + "en": "Being besieged there and fearing that by remaining in one place he might ruin the horses of his army, because there was no room for exercising them, Eumenes hit upon a clever device by which an animal standing in one place might be warmed and exercised, so that it would have a better appetite and not lose its bodily activity." + }, + { + "id": 14112, + "la": "Substringebat caput loro altius quam ut prioribus pedibus plene terram posset attingere, deinde post verberibus cogebat exsultare et calces remittere; qui motus non minus sudorem excutiebat, quam si in spatio decurreret", + "en": "He drew up its head1 with a thong so high that it could not quite touch the ground with its forefeet, and then forced it by blows of a whip to bound and kick out behind, an exercise which produced no less sweat than running on a racecourse. The result was that, to the surprise of all, the animals were led out of the fortress after a siege of several months in as good condition as if he had kept them in pasture." + }, + { + "id": 14113, + "la": "In hac conclusione, quotienscumque voluit, apparatum et munitiones Antigoni alias incendit, alias disiecit Tenuit autem se uno loco quam diu hiems fuit, quod castra sub divo habere non poterat Ver appropinquabat; simulata deditione, dum de condicionibus tractat, praefectis Antigoni imposuit seque ac suos omnis extraxit incolumis", + "en": "During this blockade, as often as he wished, he set fire to some part of the works and fortifications of Antigonus and threw down others. Furthermore, he remained in the same place as long as the winter lasted, because he could not camp in the open. When spring drew near, pretending a surrender, he outwitted Antigonus officers while the terms were under discussion, and made his escape without the loss of a man." + }, + { + "id": 14114, + "la": "Ad hunc Olympias, mater quae fuerat Alexandri, cum litteras et nuntios misisset in Asiam, consultum utrum regnum repetitum in Macedoniam veniret' nam tum in Epiro habitabat'et eas res occuparet, huic ille primum suasit ne se moveret et exspectaret quoad Alexandri filius regnum adipisceretur; sin aliqua cupiditate raperetur in Macedoniam, oblivisceretur omnium iniuriarum et in neminem acerbiore uteretur imperio", + "en": "To Eumenes, when he was in Asia, Olympias, the mother of Alexander, had sent a letter and messengers, to ask his advice as to coming to Macedonia to claim the throne (for she was then living in Epirus) and to make herself ruler there. He advised her above all things to make no move, but to wait until Alexanders son gained the throne; but if she was strongly drawn towards Macedonia, to forget all her wrongs and not exercise her power with too great severity against anyone." + }, + { + "id": 14115, + "la": "Horum illa nihil fecit nam et in Macedoniam profecta est et ibi crudelissime se gessit Petit autem ab Eumene absente ne pateretur Philippi domus ac familiae inimicissimos stirpem quoque interimere, ferretque opem liberis Alexandri", + "en": "She adopted neither of these recommendations; for she proceeded to Macedonia and conducted herself there most cruelly. Then she besought Eumenes, who was far away, not to allow the bitter enemies of Philips house and family to destroy his stock as well, but to bear aid to the children of Alexander." + }, + { + "id": 14116, + "la": "Quam veniam si daret, quam primum exercitus pararet quos sibi subsidio adduceret Id quo facilius faceret, se omnibus praefectis qui in officio manebant misisse litteras, ut ei parerent eiusque consiliis uterentur His rebus Eumenes permotus, satius duxit, si ita tulisset fortuna, perire bene meritis referentem gratiam quam ingratum vivere", + "en": "If he would grant her prayer, she said, he must equip armies and lead them to her assistance as soon as possible. In order to make that easier, she had sent letters to all the governors who had remained loyal, instructing them to obey him and follow his directions. Deeply moved by these communications, Eumenes thought it better, if such were Fortunes will, to lose his life in requiting kindnesses than save it by ingratitude." + }, + { + "id": 14117, + "la": "Itaque copias contraxit, bellum adversus Antigonum comparavit Quod una erant Macedones complures nobiles, in iis Peucestes, qui corporis custos fuerat Alexandri, tum autem obtinebat Persidem, et Antigenes, cuius sub imperio phalanx erat Macedonum, invidiam verens'quam tamen effugere non potuit'si potius ipse alienigena summi imperii potiretur quam alii Macedonum, quorum ibi erat multitudo, in principiis Alexandri nomine tabernaculum statuit in eoque sellam auream cum sceptro ac diademate iussit poni eoque omnes cottidie convenire, ut ibi de summis rebus consilia caperentur; credens minore se invidia fore, si specie imperii nominisque simulatione Alexandri bellum videretur administrare", + "en": "7. Accordingly, he mustered his forces and prepared to make war upon Antigonus. Since he had with him a number of Macedonian nobles, including Peucestes, formerly Alexanders body-guard1 and then governor of Persia, and Antigenes, commander of the Macedonian phalanx, he feared ill-feeling (which after all he could not escape) if he, a foreigner, should hold the chief command rather than one of the Macedonians, of whom there were very many there. He therefore set up a tent at the army headquarters in the name of Alexander, and gave orders that there should be placed in it the golden throne with the sceptre and diadem, and that all should meet there daily, in order to make it the place where matters of highest moment were discussed. For he believed that he would arouse less jealousy if he seemed to carry on the war with the mere appearance of leadership, and pretended to act in the name of Alexander." + }, + { + "id": 14118, + "la": "Quod effecit; nam cum non ad Eumenis principia, sed ad regia conveniretur atque ibi de rebus deliberaretur, quodam modo latebat, cum tamen per eum unum gererentur omnia", + "en": "And so it turned out; for since they met and held council, not at the headquarters of Eumenes, but at those of Alexander, Eumenes remained to a certain extent in the background, while in fact everything was done by his direction alone." + }, + { + "id": 14119, + "la": "Hic in Paraetacis cum Antigono conflixit, non acie instructa, sed in itinere, eumque male acceptum in Mediam hiematum coegit redire Ipse in finitima regione Persidis hiematum copias divisit, non ut voluit, sed ut militum cogebat voluntas Namque illa phalanx Alexandri Magni, quae Asiam peragrarat deviceratque Persas, inveterata cum gloria tum etiam licentia, non parere se ducibus, sed imperare postulabat, ut nunc veterani faciunt nostri", + "en": "8. He fought with Antigonus at Paraetacae, not in order of battle, but while on the march, and having worsted him, compelled him to return to Media to pass the winter. He for his part in the neighbouring region of Persia distributed the winter quarters of his soldiers, not according to his own wishes, but as their desires dictated. For that famous phalanx of Alexander the Great, which had overrun Asia and conquered the Persians, after a long career of glory as well as of licence claimed the right to command its leaders instead of obeying them, even as our veterans do to-day." + }, + { + "id": 14120, + "la": "Itaque periculum est ne faciant quod illi fecerunt, sua intemperantia nimiaque licentia ut omnia perdant neque minus eos cum quibus fecerint, quam adversus quos steterint Quod si quis illorum veteranorum legat facta, paria horum cognoscat neque rem ullam nisi tempus interesse iudicet Sed ad illos revertar", + "en": "And so there is danger that our soldiers may do what the Macedonians did, and ruin everything by their licence and lawlessness, their friends as well as their enemies. For if anyone should read the history of those veterans of old, he would recognize a parallel in our own, and decide that the only difference is one of time. But let me return to those of former days." + }, + { + "id": 14121, + "la": "Hiberna sumpserant non ad usum belli, sed ad ipsorum luxuriam, longeque inter se discesserant Hoc Antigonus cum comperisset intellegeretque se parem non esse paratis adversariis, statuit aliquid sibi consilii novi esse capiendum", + "en": "They had chosen their winter quarters with an eye rather to their own pleasure than to the requirements of war, and were widely separated. When Antiochus learned of this, knowing that he was no match for his opponents when they were on their guard, he decided to resort to some new plan." + }, + { + "id": 14122, + "la": "Duae erant viae qua ex Medis, ubi ille hiemabat, ad adversariorum hibernacula posset perveniri", + "en": "There were two roads leading from Media, where he was wintering, to the winter quarters of the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 14123, + "la": "Quarum brevior per loca deserta, quae nemo incolebat propter aquae inopiam, ceterum dierum erat fere decem; illa autem qua omnes commeabant altero tanto longiorem habebat anfractum, sed erat copiosa omniumque rerum abundans", + "en": "The shorter of these was through desert regions, which because of lack of water were uninhabited, but it was a journey of only about ten days; the other, however, which everyone used, was a circuitous route of twice that length, but rich in supplies and abounding in all kinds of commodities." + }, + { + "id": 14124, + "la": "Hac si proficisceretur, intellegebat prius adversarios rescituros de suo adventu quam ipse tertiam partem confecisset itineris; sin per loca sola contenderet, sperabat se imprudentem hostem oppressurum Ad hanc rem conficiendam imperavit quam plurimos utris atque etiam culleos comparari; post haec pabulum; praeterea cibaria cocta dierum decem, ut quam minime fieret ignis in castris Iter quo habeat omnis celat Sic paratus, qua constituerat proficiscitur", + "en": "If he marched by the latter road, he knew that his opponents would be informed of his coming before he had gone a third part of the way; but if he made a quick march through the desert, he hoped to surprise the enemy and rout him. With that end in view, he ordered the greatest possible number of bladders as well as leathern bags to be procured, then forage, and finally cooked food for ten days, wishing to make the fewest possible camp-fires. He concealed his proposed route from everyone. Thus prepared, he set out by the road which he had selected." + }, + { + "id": 14125, + "la": "Dimidium fere spatium confecerat, cum ex fumo castrorum eius suspicio adlata est ad Eumenem hostem appropinquare Conveniunt duces; quaeritur quid opus sit facto Intellegebant omnes tam celeriter copias ipsorum contrahi non posse, quam Antigonus adfuturus videbatur Hic, omnibus titubantibus et de rebus summis desperantibus, Eumenes ait, si celeritatem velint adhibere et imperata facere, quod ante non fecerint, se rem expediturum Nam quod diebus quinque hostis transisse posset, se effecturum ut non minus totidem dierum spatio retardaretur; qua re circumirent, suas quisque contraheret copias", + "en": "9. He had covered nearly half the distance, when the smoke from his camp1 led Eumenes to suspect that the enemy were approaching. He held a meeting with his generals; they deliberated as to what should be done. It was evident to all that their own troops could not be assembled quickly enough to meet the arrival of Antigonus. At this juncture, when all were in a panic and believed that they were lost, Eumenes said that if they would act quickly and obey his orders, which they had not done before, he would save the day. For whereas the enemy had but five days journey left, he would contrive to delay them at least as many days longer; therefore his officers must go about and each collect his own troops." + }, + { + "id": 14126, + "la": "Ad Antigoni autem refrenandum impetum tale capit consilium Certos mittit homines ad infimos montes, qui obvii erant itineri adversariorum, iisque praecipit ut prima nocte quam latissime possint ignes faciant quam maximos atque hos secunda vigilia minuant, tertia perexiguos reddant et, assimulata castrorum consuetudine, suspicionem iniciant hostibus iis locis esse castra ac de eorum adventu esse praenuntiatum; idemque postera nocte faciant", + "en": "Now, to check the speed of Antigonus he devised the following plan. He sent trustworthy men to the foot of the mountains which crossed the enemys line of march, with orders to light great fires in the early part of the night over the widest possible space and let them die down in the second watch. In the third watch they must let them nearly go out, and thus, by imitating what was usual in a camp, lead the enemy to suspect that Eumenes was encamped there, and that their coming had been reported; and they must do the same on the following night." + }, + { + "id": 14127, + "la": "Quibus imperatum erat diligenter praeceptum curant Antigonus tenebris obortis ignes conspicatur; credit de suo adventu esse auditum et adversarios illuc suas contraxisse copias Mutat consilium et, quoniam imprudentes adoriri non posset, flectit iter suum et illum anfractum longiorem copiosae viae capit ibique diem unum opperitur ad lassitudinem sedandam militum ac reficienda iumenta, quo integriore exercitu decerneret", + "en": "Those to whom these orders had been given executed them to the letter. Antigonus saw the fires at nightfall; he believed that his coming was known and that his foes had massed their forces there to meet him. He altered his plan, and since he thought that he could not attack them unawares, he changed his course and chose the longer detour where supplies were plentiful, halting where he was for one day to rest his men and refresh his horses,1 in order to fight with his army in better condition." + }, + { + "id": 14128, + "la": "Sic Eumenes callidum imperatorem vicit consilio celeritatemque impedivit eius, neque tamen multum profecit; nam invidia ducum, cum quibus erat, perfidiaque Macedonum veteranorum, cum superior proelio discessisset, Antigono est deditus, cum exercitus ei ter ante separatis temporibus iurasset se eum defensurum neque umquam deserturum Sed tanta fuit nonnullorum virtutis obtrectatio, ut fidem amittere mallent quam eum non perdere", + "en": "10. Thus it was that Eumenes outwitted a crafty general and checked his rapid advance, but it did not profit him greatly; for through the jealousy of his fellow-generals and the treachery of the Macedonian veterans, although he was victorious in the battle, he was betrayed into the hands of Antigonus. And yet the army had on three separate occasions before that sworn to defend him and never desert him. But some of them were so ill-disposed towards true worth, that they preferred to break their oath rather than not to ruin him." + }, + { + "id": 14129, + "la": "Atque hunc Antigonus, cum ei fuisset infestissimus, conservasset, si per suos esset licitum, quod ab nullo se plus adiuvari posse intellegebat in iis rebus quas impendere iam apparebat omnibus", + "en": "Yet after all, Antigonus would have saved him, although Eumenes had been his bitter enemy, if his associates would have consented, knowing as he did that no one could render him greater assistance in the crisis that all now perceived to be imminent." + }, + { + "id": 14130, + "la": "Imminebant enim Seleucus, Lysimachus, Ptolemaeus, opibus iam valentes, cum quibus ei de summis rebus erat dimicandum Sed non passi sunt ii qui circa erant, quod videbant Eumene recepto omnes prae illo parvi futuros Ipse autem Antigonus adeo erat incensus, ut nisi magna spe maximarum rerum leniri non posset", + "en": "For Antigonus was menaced by Seleucus, Lysimachus and Ptolemy, men already possessed of formidable power, with whom he must fight for the supremacy. But his associates would not consent, because they saw that if he should be reconciled with Eumenes, they would all be of small account in comparison with that great man. And besides, Antigonus himself was so incensed that he could not be appeased except by great hope of the greatest advantages." + }, + { + "id": 14131, + "la": "Itaque cum eum in custodiam dedisset et praefectus custodum quaesisset, quem ad modum servari vellet, Ut acerrimum, inquit, leonem aut ferocissimum elephantum; nondum enim statuerat, conservaret eum necne Veniebat autem ad Eumenem utrumque genus hominum, et qui propter odium fructum oculis ex eius casu capere vellent, et qui propter veterem amicitiam colloqui consolarique cuperent, multi etiam, qui eius formam cognoscere studebant, qualis esset quem tam diu tamque valde timuissent, cuius in pernicie positam spem habuissent victoriae", + "en": "11. Therefore, when he had put Eumenes in prison, and the commander of the guards had asked how he wished him to be guarded, Antigonus replied: Like the fiercest of lions or the most savage of elephants. For he had not yet made up his mind whether to spare his life or not. Now, Eumenes was visited by two classes of men, those who because of hatred wished to feast their eyes on his misfortune, and those who because of long-standing friendship desired to talk with him and console him; there were also many who were eager to see how he looked, what manner of man it was that they had feared so long and so mightily, that on his downfall had depended their hope of victory." + }, + { + "id": 14132, + "la": "At Eumenes, cum diutius in vinclis esset, ait Onomarcho, penes quem summa imperii erat custodiae, se mirari qua re iam tertium diem sic teneretur; non enim hoc convenire Antigoni prudentiae, ut sic deuteretur victo1: quin aut interfici aut missum fieri iuberet", + "en": "But Eumenes, after having been in prison for some time, said to Onomarchus, who held the chief command of the guards, that he was surprised that he had been thus confined for three full days; that it was not in accordance with Antiochus usual wisdom thus to mistreat a defeated enemy; why did he not bid him be executed or set free?" + }, + { + "id": 14133, + "la": "Hic cum ferocius Onomarcho loqui videretur, Quid? Tu, inquit, animo si isto eras, cur non in proelio cecidisti potius quam in potestatem inimici venires? Huic Eumenes: Utinam quidem istud evenisset! Sed eo non accidit, quod numquam cum fortiore sum congressus; non enim cum quoquam arma contuli, quin is mihi succubuerit. Neque id erat falsum; non enim virtute hostium, sed amicorum perfidia decidit nam et dignitate fuit honesta et viribus ad laborem ferendum firmis neque tam magno corpore quam figura venusta", + "en": "Since it seemed to Onomachus that this remark was over-arrogant, he retorted: Well, if that was your feeling, why did you not die in battle rather than fall into the hands of your enemy? To which Eumenes answered: Would that what you say had happened; but the reason that it did not is because I have never encountered a foeman stronger than myself; for I have never joined battle with anyone that he did not yield to me. And that was true, since it was not the enemys valour, but a friends treachery, that undid him1 ... for he had an imposing appearance, powers of endurance that enabled him to bear hardship, and a graceful figure rather than great size of body." + }, + { + "id": 14134, + "la": "De hoc Antigonus cum solus constituere non auderet, ad consilium rettulit Hic cum omnes primo perturbati admirarentur non iam de eo sumptum esse supplicium, a quo tot annos adeo essent male habiti, ut saepe ad desperationem forent adducti, quique maximos duces interfecisset, denique in quo uno tantum esset, ut, quoad ille viveret, ipsi securi esse non possent, interfecto nihil habituri negotii essent; postremo, si illi redderet salutem, quaerebant quibus amicis esset usurus: sese enim cum Eumene apud eum non futuros", + "en": "Since Antigonus did not dare to decide the fate of his enemy on his own responsibility, he referred the matter to a council. In that assembly all were at first disturbed, wondering at the delay in executing a man from whom they had suffered so much during so many years, that they had often been reduced to despair, and who had slain their greatest generals; in short, the only man who, so long as he lived, could threaten their peace of mind, and whose death would relieve them from all trouble. Finally, they asked, if Antigonus spared him, on what friends could he rely? For, they said, they would not remain in his service in company with Eumenes." + }, + { + "id": 14135, + "la": "Hic cognita consilii voluntate tamen usque ad septimum diem deliberandi sibi spatium reliquit Tum autem, cum iam vereretur ne qua seditio exercitus oriretur, vetuit quemquam ad eum admitti et cottidianum victum removeri iussit; nam negabat se ei vim adlaturum qui aliquando fuisset amicus", + "en": "Antigonus, after learning the decision of the council, nevertheless allowed himself a period of six days for reflection. But then, beginning to fear the outbreak of a revolt in the army, he forbade anyone to have access to the prisoner, and gave orders that he should be deprived of his daily food; for he declared that he would not do violence to a man who had once been his friend." + }, + { + "id": 14136, + "la": "Hic tamen non amplius quam triduum fame fatigatus, cum castra moverentur, insciente Antigono iugulatus est a custodibus", + "en": "However, Eumenes had not suffered hunger for more than two days when, as they were moving camp, he was strangled by his guards without the knowledge of Antigonus." + }, + { + "id": 14137, + "la": "Sic Eumenes annorum V et XL, cum ab anno vicesimo, uti supra ostendimus, septem annos Philippo apparuisset, tredecim apud Alexandrum eundem locum obtinuisset, in his unum equitum alae praefuisset, post autem Alexandri Magni mortem imperator exercitus duxisset summosque duces partim reppulisset, partim interfecisset, captus non Antigoni virtute, sed Macedonum periurio talem habuit exitum vitae", + "en": "Thus it was that Eumenes at the age of forty-five, having from his twentieth year served Philip, as I said above, having held the same position with Alexander for thirteen years, and having during that time commanded a corps of cavalry for a year; having been, after the death of Alexander the Great, at the head of an army and either defeated or slain the greatest generals, fell victim, not to the valour of Antigonus, but to the false witness of the Macedonians, and ended his life as I have described." + }, + { + "id": 14138, + "la": "In quo quanta omnium fuerit opinio eorum qui post Alexandrum Magnum reges sunt appellati ex hoc facillime potest iudicari, quod, nemo Eumene vivo rex appellatus est, sed praefectus, eidem post huius occasum statim regium ornatum nomenque sumpserunt, neque, quod initio praedicarant, se Alexandri liberis regnum servare, praestare voluerunt, et, uno propugnatore sublato, quid sentirent aperuerunt Huius sceleris principes fuerunt Antigonus, Ptolemaeus, Seleucus, Lysimachus, Cassandrus", + "en": "How high he stood in the estimation of all those who after the death of Alexander the Great assumed the title of king may most easily be judged from the fact that while Eumenes lived no one was called king, but only prefect. But after his death those same men at once assumed the state and name of king, and no one, as all had professed in the beginning, attempted to maintain that he was keeping the throne for the children of Alexander, but after getting rid of their only champion, the rivals disclosed their real designs. The leaders in that crime were Antigonus, Ptolemy, Seleucus, Lysimachus and Cassander." + }, + { + "id": 14139, + "la": "Antigonus autem Eumenem mortuum propinquis eius sepeliendum tradidit Hi militari honestoque funere, comitante toto exercitu, humaverunt ossaque eius in Cappadociam ad matrem atque uxorem liberosque eius deportanda curarunt", + "en": "Antigonus, however, sent the body of Eumenes to his relatives for burial. They gave him a funeral worthy of a soldier and an eminent man, which was attended by all the army; and they had his ashes taken to his mother, wife and children in Cappadocia." + }, + { + "id": 14140, + "la": "Hamilcar, Hannibalis filius, cognomine Barca, Karthaginiensis, primo Poenico bello, sed temporibus extremis, admodum adulescentulus in Sicilia praeesse coepit exercitui", + "en": "Hamilcar the Carthaginian, son of Hannibal and surnamed Barca, in the first Punic war, but when it was nearly ended, was first put in command of an army in Sicily, when he was a very young man." + }, + { + "id": 14141, + "la": "Cum ante eius adventum et mari et terra male res gererentur Karthaginiensium, ipse ubi adfuit, numquam hosti cessit neque locum nocendi dedit, saepeque e contrario, occasione data, lacessivit semperque superior discessit Quo facto, cum paene omnia in Sicilia Poeni amisissent, ille Erycem sic defendit, ut bellum eo loco gestum non videretur", + "en": "Although before his arrival the Carthaginians were faring badly by land and sea, wherever he was present in person he never yielded to the enemy or gave them a chance to do harm; on the contrary, he often attacked them, when opportunity offered, and invariably came off victor. Besides that, when the Carthaginians had lost almost everything in Sicily, he defended Eryx with such success that one might have thought that there had been no war in that quarter." + }, + { + "id": 14142, + "la": "Interim Karthaginienses, classe apud insulas Aegatis a C Lutatio, consule Romanorum, superati, statuerunt belli facere finem eamque rem arbitrio permiserunt Hamilcaris", + "en": "In the meantime the Carthaginians, after being defeated in a naval battle off the Aegates islands by Gaius Lutatius, the Roman consul, determined to put an end to the war and gave Hamilcar full powers to conduct the negotiations." + }, + { + "id": 14143, + "la": "Ille etsi flagrabat bellandi cupiditate, tamen paci serviundum putavit, quod patriam exhaustam sumptibus diutius calamitates belli ferre non posse intellegebat, sed ita ut statim mente agitaret, si paulum modo res essent refectae, bellum renovare Romanosque armis persequi, donicum aut virtute vicissent aut victi manus dedissent", + "en": "Though he burned with desire for war, yet Hamilcar thought that he ought to strive for peace: for he knew that his country was in financial straits and could no longer support the disasters of war. But in so doing he at once began to plan to renew the war, if only Carthage should recover a little strength, and to bear arms against the Romans until his countrymen won the victory by their valour or were defeated and gave up the contest." + }, + { + "id": 14144, + "la": "Hoc consilio pacem conciliavit, in quo tanta fuit ferocia, cum Catulus negaret bellum compositurum, nisi ille cum suis, qui Erycem tenuerunt, armis relictis, Sicilia decederent, ut, succumbente patria, ipse periturum se potius dixerit, quam cum tanto flagitio domum rediret; non enim suae esse virtutis arma a patria accepta adversus hostes adversariis tradere Huius pertinaciae cessit Catulus", + "en": "It was with that end in view that he conducted the negotiations, in the course of which he was so self-confident that, when Catulus declared that he would not cease from war unless his opponent and all those who defended Eryx would lay down their arms and leave Sicily, he declared that his country should fall and he himself perish before he would return home in such disgrace; for it was unworthy of his courage to surrender to her foes the arms which he had received from his country to use against her enemies. And such was his obstinacy that Catulus yielded." + }, + { + "id": 14145, + "la": "At ille ut Karthaginem venit, multo aliter ac sperarat rem publicam se habentem cognovit Namque diuturnitate externi mali tantum exarsit intestinum bellum, ut numquam in pari periculo fuerit Karthago nisi cum deleta est", + "en": "But when he came to Carthage, he learned that the state was in a far different condition than he had hoped; for by the long-continued ill-fortune abroad so serious a civil war had been kindled that Carthage was never in so great danger except when the city was destroyed." + }, + { + "id": 14146, + "la": "Primo mercennarii milites, qui adversus Romanos fuerant, desciverunt, quorum numerus erat XX Hi totam abalienarunt Africam, ipsam Karthaginem oppugnarunt", + "en": "To begin with, the mercenary soldiers whom they had used against the Romans had revolted, to the number of twenty thousand men. They roused all Africa to rebellion and even attacked Carthage." + }, + { + "id": 14147, + "la": "Quibus malis adeo sunt Poeni perterriti, ut etiam auxilia ab Romanis petierint, eaque impetrarint Sed extremo, cum prope iam ad desperationem pervenissent, Hamilcarem imperatorem fecerunt", + "en": "By these troubles the Carthaginians were so greatly alarmed that they even asked help of the Romans, and obtained it. But finally, being almost reduced to despair, they made Hamilcar commander-in-chief." + }, + { + "id": 14148, + "la": "Is non solum hostis a muris Karthaginis removit, cum amplius centum milia facta essent armatorum, sed etiam eo compulit ut, locorum angustiis clausi, plures fame quam ferro interirent Omnia oppida abalienata, in iis Uticam atque Hipponem, valentissima totius Africae, restituit patriae Neque eo fuit contentus, sed etiam fines imperii propagavit, tota Africa tantum otium reddidit, ut nullum in ea bellum videretur multis annis fuisse", + "en": "That general not only drove the enemy from the walls of Carthage, although they now numbered more than a hundred thousand armed men, but even succeeded in shutting them up in a narrow defile, where more of them died of hunger than by the sword. All the disaffected towns, among which were Utica and Hippo, the strongest places in all Africa, he restored to his country. And not content with that, he even extended the Carthaginian frontiers, and brought about such a state of peace all over Africa as to make it seem that there had been no war there for many years." + }, + { + "id": 14149, + "la": "Rebus his ex sententia peractis, fidenti animo atque infesto Romanis, quo facilius causam bellandi reperiret, effecit ut imperator cum exercitu in Hispaniam mitteretur, eoque secum duxit filium Hannibalem annorum novem", + "en": "After finishing these tasks to his satisfaction, confident in spirit and hating the Romans, with the view of more readily finding a pretext for war, he contrived to be sent to Spain in command of an army, and with him he took his son Hannibal, then nine years old." + }, + { + "id": 14150, + "la": "Erat praeterea cum eo adulescens illustris, formosus, Hasdrubal, quem nonnulli diligi turpius quam par erat ab Hamilcare loquebantur; non enim maledici tanto viro deesse poterant Quo factum est ut a praefecto morum Hasdrubal cum eo vetaretur esse", + "en": "He was accompanied also by a distinguished and handsome young man, Hasdrubal by name, whom some said that Hamilcar loved less honourably than was proper; for so great a man could not escape being slandered. Because of that charge the censor of morals forbade Hasdrubal to be with Hamilcar;" + }, + { + "id": 14151, + "la": "De hoc ideo mentionem fecimus, quod, Hamilcare occiso, ille exercitui praefuit resque magnas gessit et princeps largitione vetustos pervertit mores Karthaginiensium eiusdemque post mortem Hannibal ab exercitu accedit imperium", + "en": "I have spoken of Hasdrubal because, when Hamilcar was killed, he commanded the army3 and accomplished great things, but he was the first by gifts of money to undermine the old-time morals of the Carthaginians; it was after his death too that Hannibal succeeded to the chief command by choice of the army." + }, + { + "id": 14152, + "la": "Huic ille filiam suam in matrimonium dedit, quod moribus eorum non poterat interdici socero genero", + "en": "but the general gave the young man his daughter in marriage, since according to the code of the Carthaginians a father-in-law could not be denied the society of his son-in-law." + }, + { + "id": 14153, + "la": "At Hamilcar, posteaquam mare transiit in Hispaniamque venit, magnas res secunda gessit fortuna; maximas bellicosissimasque gentes subegit, equis, armis, viris, pecunia totam locupletavit Africam Hic cum in Italiam bellum inferre meditaretur, nono anno postquam in Hispaniam venerat, in proelio pugnans adversus Vettones occisus est", + "en": "4. But Hamilcar, after crossing the sea and coming into Spain, did great deeds through the favour of fortune. He subdued mighty and warlike nations and enriched all Africa with horses, arms, men and money. As he was planning to carry the war into Italy, in the ninth year after his arrival in Spain, he fell in battle, fighting against the Vettones." + }, + { + "id": 14154, + "la": "Huius perpetuum odium erga Romanos maxime concitasse videtur secundum bellum Poenicum; namque Hannibal, filius eius, assiduis patris obtestationibus eo est perductus, ut interire quam Romanos non experiri mallet", + "en": "It was this mans inveterate hatred of Rome that seems to have been the special cause of the second Punic war. For his son Hannibal was so affected by his fathers constant entreaties that he preferred to die rather than fail to measure his strength against the Romans." + }, + { + "id": 14155, + "la": "Hannibal, Hamilcaris filius, Karthaginiensis Si verum est, quod nemo dubitat, ut populus Romanus omnes gentes virtute superarit, non est infitiandum Hannibalem tanto praestitisse ceteros imperatores prudentia quanto populus Romanus antecedat fortitudine cunctas nationes Nam quotienscumque cum eo congressus est in Italia, semper discessit superior Quod nisi domi civium suorum invidia debilitatus esset, Romanos videtur superare potuisse Sed multorum obtrectatio devicit unius virtutem", + "en": "1. Hannibal the Carthaginian, son of Hamilcar. If it be true, as no one doubt, that the Roman people have surpassed all other nations in valour, it must be admitted that Hannibal excelled all other commanders in skill as much as the Roman people are superior to all nations in bravery. For as often as he engaged with that people in Italy, he invariably came off victor; and if his strength had not been impaired by the jealousy of his fellow-citizens at home, he would have been able, to all appearance, to conquer the Romans. But the disparagement of the multitude overcame the courage of one man." + }, + { + "id": 14156, + "la": "Hic autem, velut hereditate relictum, odium paternum erga Romanos sic conservavit, ut prius animam quam id deposuerit, qui quidem, cum patria pulsus esset et alienarum opum indigeret, numquam destiterit animo bellare cum Romanis", + "en": "Yet after all, he so cherished the hatred of the Romans which had, as it were, been left him as an inheritance by his father, that he would have given up his life rather than renounce it. Indeed, even after he had been driven from his native land and was dependent on the aid of foreigners, he never ceased to war with the Romans in spirit." + }, + { + "id": 14157, + "la": "Nam ut omittam Philippum, quem absens hostem reddidit Romanis", + "en": "For not to mention Philip1 whom from afar he made an enemy of the Romans," + }, + { + "id": 14158, + "la": "Ad quem cum legati venissent Romani, qui de eius voluntate explorarent darentque operam consiliis clandestinis ut Hannibalem in suspicionem regi adducerent, tamquam ab ipsis corruptus alia atque antea sentiret, neque id frustra fecissent idque Hannibal comperisset seque ab interioribus consiliis segregari vidisset, tempore dato adiit ad regem, eique cum multa de fide sua et odio in Romanos commemorasset, hoc adiunxit:", + "en": "To his court came envoys from Rome to sound his intentions and try by secret intrigues to arouse his suspicions of Hannibal, alleging that they had bribed him and that he had changed his sentiments. These attempts were not made in vain, and when Hannibal learned it and noticed that he was excluded from the kings more intimate councils, he went to Antiochus, as soon as the opportunity offered, and after calling to mind many proofs of his loyalty and his hatred of the Romans, he added:" + }, + { + "id": 14159, + "la": "Pater meus, inquit, Hamilcar puerulo me, utpote non amplius novem annos nato, in Hispaniam imperator proficiscens, Karthagine Iovi optimo maximo hostias immolavit Quae divina res dum conficiebatur, quaesivit a me vellemne secum in castra proficisci Id cum libenter accepissem atque ab eo petere coepissem ne dubitaret ducere, tum ille, Faciam, inquit,si mihi fidem quam postulo dederis. Simul me ad aram adduxit apud quam sacrificare instituerat eamque ceteris remotis tenentem iurare iussit numquam me in amicitia cum Romanis fore", + "en": "My father Hamilcar, when I was a small boy not more than nine years old, just as he was setting out from Carthage to Spain as commander-in-chief, offered up victims to Jupiter, Greatest and Best of gods. While this ceremony was being performed, he asked me if I would like to go with him on the campaign. I eagerly accepted and began to beg him not to hesitate to take me with him. Thereupon he said: I will do it, provided you will give me the pledge that I ask. With that he led me to the altar on which he had begun his sacrifice, and having dismissed all the others, he bade me lay hold of the altar and swear that I would never be a friend to the Romans." + }, + { + "id": 14160, + "la": "Id ego iusiurandum patri datum usque ad hanc aetatem ita conservavi, ut nemini dubium esse debeat quin reliquo tempore eadem mente sim futurus", + "en": "For my part, up to my present time of life, I have kept the oath which I swore to my father so faithfully, that no one ought to doubt that in the future I shall be of the same mind." + }, + { + "id": 14161, + "la": "Quare si quid amice de Romanis cogitabis, non imprudenter feceris, si me celaris; cum quidem bellum parabis, te ipsum frustraberis, si non me in eo principem posueris.", + "en": "Therefore, if you have any kindly intentions with regard to the Roman people, you will be wise to hide them from me; but when you prepare war, you will go counter to your own interests if you do not make me the leader in that enterprise." + }, + { + "id": 14162, + "la": "Hac igitur qua diximus aetate cum patre in Hispaniam profectus est, cuius post obitum, Hasdrubale imperatore suffecto, equitatui omni praefuit Hoc quoque interfecto, exercitus summam imperii ad eum detulit Id Karthaginem delatum publice comprobatum est", + "en": "3. Accordingly, at the age which I have named, Hannibal went with his father to Spain, and after Hamilcar died and Hasdrubal succeeded to the chief command, he was given charge of all the cavalry. When Hasdrubal died in his turn, the army chose Hannibal as its commander, and on their action being reported at Carthage, it was officially confirmed." + }, + { + "id": 14163, + "la": "Sic Hannibal minor V et XX annis natus imperator factus, proximo triennio omnes gentes Hispaniae bello subegit, Saguntum, foederatam civitatem, vi expugnavit, tres exercitus maximos comparavit Ex his unum in Africam misit, alterum cum Hasdrubale fratre in Hispania reliquit, tertium in Italiam secum duxit Saltum Pyrenaeum transiit; quacumque iter fecit, cum omnibus incolis conflixit, neminem nisi victum dimisit", + "en": "So it was that when he was less than twenty-five years old,1 Hannibal became commander-in-chief; and within the next three years he subdued all the peoples of Spain by force of arms, stormed Saguntum, a town allied with Rome, and mustered three great armies. Of these armies he sent one to Africa, left the second with his brother Hasdrubal in Spain, and led the third with him into Italy. He crossed the range of the Pyrenees. Wherever he marched, he warred with all the natives, and he was everywhere victorious." + }, + { + "id": 14164, + "la": "Ad Alpes posteaquam venit, quae Italiam ab Gallia seiungunt, quas nemo umquam cum exercitu ante eum praeter Herculem Graium transierat'quo facto is hodie saltus Graius appellatur", + "en": "When he came to the Alps separating Italy from Gaul, which no one before him had ever crossed with an army except the Grecian Hercules'because of which that place is called the Grecian Pass" + }, + { + "id": 14165, + "la": "Conflixerat apud Rhodanum cum P Cornelio Scipione consule eumque pepulerat Cum hoc eodem Clastidi apud Padum decernit sauciumque inde ac fugatum dimittit Tertio idem Scipio cum collega Ti Longo apud Trebiam adversus eum venit Cum his manum conseruit utrosque profligavit", + "en": "He had already fought at the Rhone with Publius Cornelius Scipio, the consul, and routed him; with the same man he engaged at Clastidium on the Po, wounded him, and drove him from the field. A third time that same Scipio, with his colleague Tiberius Longus, opposed him at the Trebia. With those two he joined battle and route them both. d" + }, + { + "id": 14166, + "la": "Inde per Ligures Appenninum transiit, petens Etruriam Hoc itinere adeo gravi morbo adficitur oculorum, ut postea numquam dextro aeque bene usus sit Qua valetudine cum etiam tum premeretur lecticaque ferretur, G Flaminium consulem apud Trasumenum cum exercitu insidiis circumventum occidit, neque multo post G Centenium praetorem cum delecta manu saltus occupantem", + "en": "Then he passed through the country of the Ligurians over the Apennines, on his way to Etruria. In the course of that march he contracted such a severe eye trouble that he never afterwards had equally good use of his right eye. While he was still suffering from that complaint and was carried in a litter, he ambushed the consul Gaius Flaminius with his army at Trasumenus and slew him; and not long afterwards Gaius Centenius, the praetor, who was holding a pass with a body of picked men, met the same fate." + }, + { + "id": 14167, + "la": "Hinc in Apuliam pervenit Ibi obviam ei venerunt duo consules, G Terentius et L Aemilius", + "en": "Next, he arrived in Apulia. There he was opposed by two consuls, Gaius Terentius and Lucius Aemilius," + }, + { + "id": 14168, + "la": "Hanc post rem gestam non ita multis diebus M Minucium Rufum, magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio, dolo productum in proelium, fugavit Ti Sempronium Gracchum, iterum consulem, in Lucanis absens in insidias inductum sustulit M Claudium Marcellum, quinquiens consulem, apud Venusiam pari modo interfecit", + "en": "Not so many days after this exploit, when Marcus Minucius Rufus, master of horse, had been given the same powers as the dictator, he craftily lured him into fighting, and utterly defeated the Roman. Although not present in person, he enticed Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, who had been twice consul,1 into an ambuscade in Lucania and destroyed him." + }, + { + "id": 14169, + "la": "Longum est omnia enumerare proelia Qua re hoc unum satis erit dictum, ex quo intellegi possit quantus ille fuerit: quamdiu in Italia fuit, nemo ei in acie restitit, nemo adversus eum post Cannensem pugnam in campo castra posuit", + "en": "It would be a long story to enumerate all his battles. Therefore it will suffice to add this one fact, to show how great a man he was: so long as he was in Italy, no one was a match for him in the- field, and after the battle of Cannae no one encamped face to face with him on open ground." + }, + { + "id": 14170, + "la": "Hinc invictus patriam defensum revocatus,", + "en": "6. Then, undefeated, he was recalled to defend his country" + }, + { + "id": 14171, + "la": "In hac fuga Numidae qui simul cum eo ex acie excesserant insidiati sunt ei, quos non solum effugit, sed etiam ipsos oppressit Hadrumeti reliquos e fuga conlegit, novis dilectibus paucis diebus multos contraxit", + "en": "In the course of that retreat the Numidians who had left the field with him laid a trap for him, but he not only eluded them, but even crushed the plotters. At Hadrumetum he rallied the survivors of the retreat and by means of new levies mustered a large number of soldiers within a few days." + }, + { + "id": 14172, + "la": "Cum in apparando acerrime esset occupatus, Karthaginienses bellum cum Romanis composuerunt Ille nihilo setius exercitui postea praefuit resque in Africa gessit usque ad P Sulpicium C Aurelium consules", + "en": "7. While he was busily engaged in these preparations, the Carthaginians made peace with the Romans. Hannibal, however, continued after that to command the army and carried on war in Africa until the consulship of Publius Sulpicius and Gaius Aurelius." + }, + { + "id": 14173, + "la": "His enim magistratibus legati Karthaginienses Romam venerunt, qui senatui populoque Romano gratias agerent, quod cum iis pacem fecissent ob eamque rem corona aurea eos donarent simulque peterent ut obsides eorum Fregellis essent captivique redderentur", + "en": "For in the time of those magistrates Carthaginian envoys came to Rome, to return thanks to the Roman senate and people for having made peace with them; and as a mark of gratitude they presented them with a golden crown, at the same time asking that their hostages might live at Fregellae and that their prisoners should be returned." + }, + { + "id": 14174, + "la": "His ex senatus consulto responsum est: munus eorum gratum acceptumque esse; obsides quo loco rogarent futuros; captivos non remissuros, quod Hannibalem, cuius opera susceptum bellum foret, inimicissimum nomini Romano, etiamnunc cum imperio apud exercitum haberent itemque fratrem eius Magonem Hoc responso Karthaginienses cognito, Hannibalem domum et Magonem revocarunt Huc ut rediit, rex factus est, postquam praetor fuerat anno secundo et vicesimo'ut enim Romae consules, sic Karthagine quotannis annui bini reges creabantur", + "en": "To them, in accordance with a decree of the senate, the following answer was made: that their gift was received with thanks; that the hostages should live where they had requested; that they would not return the prisoners, because Hannibal, who had caused the war and was bitterly hostile to the Roman nation, still held command in their army, as well as his brother Mago. Upon receiving that reply the Carthaginians recalled Hannibal and Mago to Carthage. On his return Hannibal was made a king,1 after he had been general for twenty-one years. For, as is true of the consuls at Rome, so at Carthage two kings were elected annually for a term of one year." + }, + { + "id": 14175, + "la": "In eo magistratu pari diligentia se Hannibal praebuit ac fuerat in bello Namque effecit ex novis vectigalibus non solum ut esset pecunia quae Romanis ex foedere penderetur, sed etiam superesset quae in aerario reponeretur", + "en": "In that office Hannibal gave proof of the same energy that he had shown in war. For by means of new taxes he provided, not only that there should be money to pay to the Romans according to the treaty, but also that there should be a surplus to be deposited in the treasury." + }, + { + "id": 14176, + "la": "Deinde M Claudio L Furio consulibus, Roma legati Karthaginem venerunt Hos Hannibal ratus sui exposcendi gratia missos, priusquam iis senatus daretur, navem ascendit clamatque in Syriam ad Antiochum perfugit Hac re palam facta, Poeni naves duas quae eum comprehenderent, si possent consequi, miserunt, bona eius publicarunt, domum a fundamentis disiecerunt, ipsum exsulem iudicarunt", + "en": "Then in the following year, when Marcus Claudius and Lucius Furius were consuls, envoys came to Carthage from Rome. Hannibal thought that they had been sent to demand his surrender; therefore, before they were given audience by the senate,1 he secretly embarked on a ship and took refuge with King Antiochus in Syria. When this became known, the Carthaginians sent two ships to arrest Hannibal, if they could overtake him; then they confiscated his property, demolished his house from its foundations, and declared him an outlaw." + }, + { + "id": 14177, + "la": "At Hannibal anno tertio postquam domo profugerat, L Cornelio Q Minucio consulibus, cum quinque navibus Africam accessit in finibus Cyrenaeorum, si forte Karthaginienses ad bellum Antiochi spe fiduciaque inducere posset, cui iam persuaserat ut cum exercitibus in Italiam proficisceretur", + "en": "But Hannibal, in the third year after he had fled from his country, in the consulship of Lucius Cornelius and Quintus Minucius, with five ships landed in Africa in the territories of Cyrene, to see whether the Carthaginians could by any chance be induced to make war by the hope of aid from King Antiochus, whom Hannibal had already persuaded to march upon Italy with his armies." + }, + { + "id": 14178, + "la": "Huc Magonem fratrem excivit Id ubi Poeni resciverunt, Magonem eadem qua fratrem absentem adfecerunt poena Illi, desperatis rebus, cum solvissent naves ac vela ventis dedissent, Hannibal ad Antiochum pervenit De Magonis interitu duplex memoria prodita est: namque alii naufragio, alii a servolis ipsius interfectum eum scriptum reliquerunt", + "en": "To Italy also he dispatched his brother Mago. When the Carthaginians learned this, they inflicted on Mago in his absence the same penalty that Hannibal had suffered. The brothers, regarding the situation as desperate, raised anchor and set sail. Hannibal reached Antiochus; as to the death of Mago there are two accounts; some have written that he was shipwrecked; others, that he was killed by his own slaves." + }, + { + "id": 14179, + "la": "Antiochus autem si tam in agendo bello consiliis eius parere voluisset, quam in suscipiendo instituerat, propius Tiberi quam Thermopylis de summa imperii dimicasset Quem etsi multa stulte conari videbat, tamen nulla deseruit in re Praefuit paucis navibus, quas ex Syria iussus erat in Asiam ducere, iisque adversus Rhodiorum classem in Pamphylio mari conflixit Quo cum multitudine adversariorum sui superarentur, ipse quo cornu rem gessit fuit superior", + "en": "As for Antiochus, if he had been as willing to follow Hannibals advice in the conduct of the war as he had been in declaring it, he would not have fought for the rule of the world at Thermopylae,1 but nearer to the Tiber. But although Hannibal saw that many of the kings plans were unwise, yet he never deserted him. On one occasion he commanded a few ships, which he had been ordered to take from Syria to Asia, and with them he fought against a fleet of the Rhodians in the Pamphylian Sea. Although in that engagement his forces were defeated by the superior numbers of their opponents, he was victorious on the wing where he fought in person." + }, + { + "id": 14180, + "la": "Antiocho fugato, verens ne dederetur, quod sine dubio accidisset, si sui fecisset potestatem, Cretam ad Gortynios venit, ut ibi quo se conferret consideraret", + "en": "After Antiochus had been defeated, Hannibal, fearing that he would be surrendered to the Romans'as undoubtedly would have happened, if he had let himself be taken'came to the Gortynians in Crete, there to deliberate where to seek asylum." + }, + { + "id": 14181, + "la": "Vidit autem vir omnium callidissimus in magno se fore periculo, nisi quid providisset, propter avaritiam Cretensium; magnam enim secum pecuniam portabat, de qua sciebat exisse famam Itaque capit tale consilium Amphoras complures complet plumbo, summas operit auro et argento Has, praesentibus principibus, deponit in templo Dianae, simulans se suas fortunas illorum fidei credere His in errorem inductis, statuas aeneas, quas secum portabat, omni sua pecunia complet easque in propatulo domi abicit", + "en": "But being the shrewdest of all men, he realized that he would be in great danger, unless he devised some means of escaping the avarice of the Cretans; for he was carrying with him a large sum of money, and he knew that news of this had leaked out. He therefore devised the following plan: he filled a number of large jars with lead and covered their tops with gold and silver. These, in the presence of the leading citizens, he deposited in the temple of Diana, pretending that he was entrusting his property to their protection. Having thus misled them, he filled some bronze statues which he was carrying with him with all his money and threw them carelessly down in the courtyard of his house." + }, + { + "id": 14182, + "la": "Gortynii templum magna cura custodiunt, non tam a ceteris quam ab Hannibale, ne ille inscientibus iis tolleret secumque duceret", + "en": "The Gortynians guarded the temple with great care, not so much against others as against Hannibal, to prevent him from taking anything without their knowledge and carrying it off with him." + }, + { + "id": 14183, + "la": "Sic conservatis suis rebus, Poenus illusis Cretensibus omnibus, ad Prusiam in Pontum pervenit Apud quem eodem animo fuit erga Italiam neque aliud quicquam egit quam regem armavit et exercuit adversus Romanos Quem cum videret domesticis opibus minus esse robustum, conciliabat ceteros reges adiungebat bellicosas nationes Dissidebat ab eo Pergamenus rex Eumenes, Romanis amicissimus, bellumque inter eos gerebatur et mari et terra", + "en": "10. Thus he saved his goods, and having tricked all the Cretans, the Carthaginian joined Prusias in Pontus.1 At his court he was of the same mind towards Italy and gave his entire attention to arming the king and training his forces to meet the Romans. And seeing that Prusias personal resources did not give him great strength, he won him the friendship of the other kings of that region and allied him with warlike nations. Prusias had quarrelled with Eumenes, king of Pergamum, a strong friend of the Romans, and they were fighting with each other by land and sea." + }, + { + "id": 14184, + "la": "Sed utrobique Eumenes plus valebat propter Romanorum societatem Quo magis cupiebat eum Hannibal opprimi; quem si removisset, faciliora sibi cetera fore arbitrabatur", + "en": "But Eumenes was everywhere the stronger because of his alliance with the Romans, and for that reason Hannibal was the more eager for his overthrow, thinking that if he got rid of him, all his difficulties would be ended." + }, + { + "id": 14185, + "la": "Ad hunc interficiundum talem iniit rationem Classe paucis diebus erant decreturi Superabatur navium multitudine; dolo erat pugnandum, cum par non esset armis Imperavit quam plurimas venenatas serpentes vivas conligi easque in vasa fictilia conici", + "en": "To cause his death, he formed the following plan. Within a few days they were intending to fight a decisive naval battle. Hannibal was outnumbered in ships; therefore it was necessary to resort to a ruse, since he was unequal to his opponent in arms. He gave orders to collect the greatest possible number of venomous snakes and put them alive in earthenware jars." + }, + { + "id": 14186, + "la": "Harum cum effecisset magnam multitudinem, die ipso quo facturus erat navale proelium classiarios convocat iisque praecipit, omnes ut in unam Eumenis regis concurrant navem, a ceteris tantum satis habeant se defendere Id illos facile serpentium multitudine consecuturos", + "en": "When he had got together a great number of these, on the very day when the sea-fight was going to take place he called the marines together and bade them concentrate their attack on the ship of Eumenes and be satisfied with merely defending themselves against the rest; this they could easily do, thanks to the great number of snakes." + }, + { + "id": 14187, + "la": "Rex autem in qua nave veheretur ut scirent se facturum; quem si aut cepissent aut interfecissent, magno iis pollicetur praemio fore", + "en": "Furthermore, he promised to let them know in what ship Eumenes was sailing, and to give them a generous reward if they succeeded in either capturing or killing the king." + }, + { + "id": 14188, + "la": "Tali cohortatione militum facta, classis ab utrisque in proelium deducitur Quarum acie constituta, priusquam signum pugnae daretur, Hannibal, ut palam faceret suis quo loco Eumenes esset, tabellarium in scapha cum caduceo mittit Qui ubi ad naves adversariorum pervenit epistulamque ostendens, se regem professus est quaerere, statim ad Eumenem deductus est, quod nemo dubitabat quin aliquid de pace esset scriptum Tabellarius, ducis nave declarata suis, eodem unde erat egressus se recepit", + "en": "11. After he had encouraged the soldiers in this way, the fleets on both sides were brought out for battle. When they were drawn up in line, before the signal for action was given, in order that Hannibal might make it clear to his men where Eumenes was, he sent a messenger in a skiff with a heralds staff. When the emissary came to the ships of the enemy, he exhibited a letter and said that he was looking for the king. He was at once taken to Eumenes, since no one doubted that it was some communication about peace. The letter-carrier, having pointed out the commanders ship to his men, returned to the place from which he came. ." + }, + { + "id": 14189, + "la": "At Eumenes soluta epistula nihil in ea repperit nisi quae ad irridendum eum pertinerent Cuius etsi causam mirabatur neque reperiebat, tamen proelium statim committere non dubitavit", + "en": "But Eumenes, on opening the missive, found nothing in it except what was designed to mock at him. Although he wondered at the reason for such conduct and could not find one, he nevertheless did not hesitate to join battle at once" + }, + { + "id": 14190, + "la": "Horum in concursu Bithynii Hannibalis praecepto universi navem Eumenis adoriuntur Quorum vim rex cum sustinere non posset, fuga salutem petiit, quam consecutus non esset, nisi intra sua praesidia se recepisset, quae in proximo litore erant conlocata", + "en": "When the clash came, the Bithynians did as Hannibal had ordered and fell upon the ship of Eumenes in a body. Since the king could not resist their force, he sought safety in flight, which he secured only by retreating within the entrenchments which had been thrown up on the neighbouring shore." + }, + { + "id": 14191, + "la": "Reliquae Pergamenae naves cum adversarios premerent acrius, repente in eas vasa fictilia de quibus supra mentionem fecimus conici coepta sunt Quae iacta initio risum pugnantibus concitarunt, neque qua re id fieret poterat intellegi Postquam autem naves suas oppletas conspexerunt serpentibus, nova re perterriti, cum quid potissimum vitarent non viderent, puppes verterunt seque ad sua castra nautica rettulerunt Sic Hannibal consilio arma Pergamenorum superavit, neque tum solum, sed saepe alias pedestribus copiis pari prudentia pepulit adversarios", + "en": "When the other Pergamene ships began to press their opponents too hard, on a sudden the earthenware jars of which I have spoken began to be hurled at them. At first these projectiles excited the laughter of the combatants, and they could not understand what it meant. But as soon as they saw their ships filled with snakes, terrified by the strange weapons and not knowing how to avoid them, they turned their ships about and retreated to their naval camp.1 Thus Hannibal overcame the arms of Pergamum by strategy; and that was not the only instance of the kind, but on many other occasions in land battles he defeated his antagonists by a similar bit of cleverness." + }, + { + "id": 14192, + "la": "Quae dum in Asia geruntur, accidit casu ut legati Prusiae Romae apud T Quinctium Flamini-num consularem cenarent, atque ibi de Hannibale mentione facta, ex iis unus diceret eum in Prusiae regno esse Id postero die Flamininus senatui detulit", + "en": "While this was taking place in Asia, it chanced that in Rome envoys of Prusias were dining with Titus Quinctius Flamininus, the ex-consul, and that mention being made of Hannibal, one of the envoys said that he was in the kingdom of Prusias. On the following day Flamininus informed the senate." + }, + { + "id": 14193, + "la": "Patres conscripti, qui Hannibale vivo numquam se sine insidiis futuros existimarent, legatos in Bithyniam miserunt, in iis Flamininum, qui ab rege peterent ne inimicissimum suum secum haberet sibique dederet His Prusia negare ausus non est; illud recusavit, ne id a se fieri postularent quod adversus ius hospitii esset: ipsi, si possent, comprehenderent; locum, ubi esset, facile inventuros Hannibal enim uno loco se tenebat, in castello quod ei a rege datum erat muneri idque sic aedificarat, ut in omnibus partibus aedificii exitus haberet, scilicet verens ne usu veniret quod accidit", + "en": "The Fathers, believing that while Hannibal lived they would never be free from plots, sent envoys to Bithynia, among them Flamininus, to request the king not to keep their bitterest foe at his court, but to surrender him to the Romans. Prusias did not dare to refuse; he did, however, stipulate that they would not ask him to do anything which was in violation of the laws of hospitality. They themselves, if they could, might take him; they would easily find his place of abode. As a matter of fact, Hannibal kept himself in one place, in a stronghold which the king had given him, and he had so arranged it that he had exits in every part of the building, evidently being in fear of experiencing what actually happened." + }, + { + "id": 14194, + "la": "Huc cum legati Romanorum venissent ac multitudine domum eius circumdedissent, puer, ab ianua prospiciens, Hannibali dixit plures praeter consuetudinem armatos apparere Qui imperavit ei ut omnes fores aedificii circumiret ac propere sibi nuntiaret num eodem modo undique obsideretur", + "en": "When the envoys of the Romans had come to the place and surrounded his house with a great body of troops, a slave looking out from one of the doors reported that an unusual number of armed men were in sight. Hannibal ordered him to go about to all the doors of the building and hasten to inform him whether he was beset in the same way on every side." + }, + { + "id": 14195, + "la": "Puer cum celeriter quid esset renuntiasset omnisque exitus occupatos ostendisset, sensit id non fortuito factum, sed se peti neque sibi diutius vitam esse retinendam Quam ne alieno arbitrio dimitteret, memor pristinarum virtutum, venenum quod semper secum habere consuerat sumpsit", + "en": "The slave having quickly reported the facts and told him that all the exits were guarded, Hannibal knew that it was no accident; that it was he whom they were after and he must no longer think of preserving his life. But not wishing to lose it at anothers will, and remembering his past deeds of valour, he took the poison which he always carried about his person.1" + }, + { + "id": 14196, + "la": "Sic vir fortissimus, multis variisque perfunctus laboribus, anno adquievit septuagesimo Quibus consulibus interierit non convenit Namque Atticus M Claudio Marcello Q Fabio Labeone consulibus mortuum in Annali suo scriptum reliquit, at Polybius L Aemilio Paulo Cn Baebio Tamphilo, Sulpicius autem Blitho P Cornelio Cethego M Baebio Tamphilo", + "en": "13. Thus that bravest of men, after having performed many and varied labours, entered into rest in his seventieth2 year. Under what consuls he died is disputed. For Atticus has recorded in his Annals3 that he died in the consulate of Marcus Claudius Marcellus and Quintus Fabius Labeo; Polybius, under Lucius Aemilius Paulus and Gnaeus Baebius Tamphilus; and Sulpicius Blitho, in the time of Publius Cornelius Cethegus and Marcus Baebius Tamphilus." + }, + { + "id": 14197, + "la": "Atque hic tantus vir tantisque bellis districtus non nihil temporis tribuit litteris Namque aliquot eius libri sunt, Graeco sermone confecti, in iis ad Rhodios de Cn Manlii Volsonis in Asia rebus gestis", + "en": "And that great man, although busied with such great wars, devoted some time to letters; for there are several books of his, written in Greek, among them one, addressed to the Rhodians, on the deeds of Gnaeus Manlius Volso in Asia." + }, + { + "id": 14198, + "la": "Huius belli gesta multi memoriae prodiderunt, sed ex iis duo, qui cum eo in castris fuerunt simulque vixerunt, quam diu fortuna passa est, Silenus et Sosylus Lacedaemonius Atque hoc Sosylo Hannibal litterarum Graecarum usus est doctore", + "en": "Hannibals deeds of arms have been recorded by many writers, among them two men who were with him in camp and lived with him so long as fortune allowed, Silenus and Sosylus of Lacedaemon. And it was this Sosylus whom Hannibal employed as his teacher of Greek." + }, + { + "id": 14199, + "la": "Sed nos tempus est huius libri facere finem et Romanorum explicare imperatores, quo facilius, collatis utrorumque factis, qui viri praeferendi sint possit iudicari", + "en": "But it is time for us to put an end to this book and give an account of the Roman generals, to make it possible by comparing their deeds with those of the foreigners to judge which heroes ought to be given the higher rank." + }, + { + "id": 14200, + "la": "Iphicrates Atheniensis non tam magnitudine rerum gestarum quam disciplina militari nobilitatus est Fuit enim talis dux, ut non solum aetatis suae cum primis compararetur, sed ne de maioribus natu quidem quisquam anteponeretur", + "en": "Iphicrates, the Athenian, gained renown by his great deeds, but still more by his knowledge of the art of war; for not only was he a leader comparable with the greatest of his own time, but not even among the men of earlier days was there anyone who surpassed him." + }, + { + "id": 14201, + "la": "Multum vero in bello est versatus, saepe exercitibus praefuit, nusquam culpa male rem gessit; semper consilio vicit tantumque eo valuit, ut multa in re militari partim nova attulerit, partim meliora fecerit Namque ille pedestria arma mutavit", + "en": "Indeed, a great part of his life was spent in warfare, he often commanded armies, and he never lost a battle through his own fault. It was always by knowledge of war that he gained his victories, and his knowledge was so great that he introduced many novelties in military equipment, as well as many improvements. For example, he changed the arms of the infantry." + }, + { + "id": 14202, + "la": "Cum ante illum imperatorem maximis clipeis, brevibus hastis, minutis gladiis uterentur, ille e contrario peltam pro parma fecit'a quo postea peltastae pedites appellantur'ut ad motus concursusque essent leviores, hastae modum duplicavit, gladios longiores fecit", + "en": "While before he became commander they used very large shields, short spears and little swords, he on the contrary exchanged peltae, or Thracian shields, for the round ones (for which reason the infantry have since been called peltasts), in order that the soldiers might move and charge more easily when less burdened. He doubled the length of the spear and increased that of the swords;" + }, + { + "id": 14203, + "la": "Idem genus loricarum mutavit et pro sertis atque aeneis linteas dedit Quo facto expeditiores milites reddidit; nam pondere detracto, quod aeque corpus tegeret et leve esset curavit", + "en": "he changed the character of their breastplates, giving them linen ones in place of bronze cuirasses or chain armour. In that way he made the soldiers more active; for while he diminished the weight of their armour, he contrived to protect their bodies equally well without overloading them." + }, + { + "id": 14204, + "la": "Bellum cum Thraecibus gessit, Seuthem, socium Atheniensium, in regnum restituit", + "en": "He waged war with the Thracians; he restored Seuthes, an ally of the Athenians, to his throne." + }, + { + "id": 14205, + "la": "Apud Corinthum tanta severitate exercitui praefuit, ut nullae umquam in Graecia neque exercitatiores copiae neque magis dicto audientes fuerint duci, in eamque consuetudinem adduxit ut, cum proelii signum ab imperatore esset datum, sine ducis opera sic ordinatae consisterent, ut singuli peritissimo ab imperatore dispositi viderentur", + "en": "At Corinth such was the strictness of his command of the army, that no troops in Greece were better drilled or more obedient to their leader; and he made them form the habit, when the signal for battle had been given by the commander, without waiting for an officers command to take their places in such good order that each man seemed to have been assigned his position by a most skilful general." + }, + { + "id": 14206, + "la": "Hoc exercitu moram Lacedaemoniorum interfecit, quod maxime tota celebratum est Graecia", + "en": "It was with that army that he annihilated a regiment of the Lacedaemonians, a feat which was highly praised all over Greece." + }, + { + "id": 14207, + "la": "Iterum eodem bello omnes copias eorum fugavit, quo facto magnam adeptus est gloriam", + "en": "On another occasion in that same war he put all their forces to flight, an exploit by which he gained great glory." + }, + { + "id": 14208, + "la": "Cum Artaxerxes Aegyptio regi bellum inferre voluit, Iphicraten ab Atheniensibus ducem petivit, quem praeficeret exercitui conducticio, cuius numerus duodecim milium fuit", + "en": "When Artaxerxes wished to make war on the king of Egypt, he asked the Athenians for Iphicrates as one of his generals, to command an army of twelve thousand mercenaries." + }, + { + "id": 14209, + "la": "Idem subsidio Lacedaemoniis profectus, Epaminondae retardavit impetus; nam nisi eius adventus appropinquasset, non prius Thebani Sparta abscessissent, quam captam incendio delessent", + "en": "Again, having gone to the aid of the Lacedaemonians, he thwarted the designs of Epaminondas; for if his arrival had not been imminent, the Thebans would not have left Sparta until they had taken and burned the city." + }, + { + "id": 14210, + "la": "Quem quidem sic omni disciplina militari erudivit, ut quemadmodum quondam Fabiani milites vere Romani appellati sunt, sic Iphicratenses apud Graecos in summa laude fuerint", + "en": "That army the Athenian trained so thoroughly in all varieties of military discipline, that just as in days of old the soldiers of Fabius were called true Romans, so soldiers of Iphicrates became a title of the greatest honour among the Greeks." + }, + { + "id": 14211, + "la": "Fuit autem et animo magno et corpore imperatoriaque forma, ut ipso aspectu cuivis iniceret admirationem sui, sed in labore nimis remissus parumque patiens, ut Theopompus memoriae prodidit;", + "en": "He had, in addition to nobility of soul and great size of body, the aspect of one born to command, so that his appearance alone inspired admiration in all men; but, as Theopompus has recorded, he was not steadfast enough in effort and he lacked endurance:" + }, + { + "id": 14212, + "la": "bonus vero civis fideque magna Quod cum in aliis rebus declaravit, tum maxime in Amyntae Macedonis liberis tuendis Namque Eurydice, mater Perdiccae et Philippi, cum his duobus pueris, Amynta mortuo, ad Iphicraten confugit eiusque opibus defensa est", + "en": "nevertheless, he was a good citizen and the soul of honour. This was manifest both on other occasions and especially in protecting the children of Amyntas, the Macedonian; for after his death Eurydice, the mother of Perdiccas and Philippus, took refuge with Iphicrates with these two boys, and was defended with all his power." + }, + { + "id": 14213, + "la": "Vixit ad senectutem, placatis in se suorum civium animis Causam capitis semel dixit, bello sociali, simul cum Timotheo, eoque iudicio est absolutus", + "en": "He lived to a good old age, enjoying the devotion of his fellow-citizens. Only once did he have occasion to defend himself against a capital charge; that was during the war with the allies, in company with Timotheus, and he was acquitted." + }, + { + "id": 14214, + "la": "Menesthea filium reliquit ex Thraessa natum, Coti regis filia Is cum interrogaretur utrum pluris, patrem matremne, faceret, Matrem, inquit Id cum omnibus mirum videretur, at ille Merito, inquit, facio; nam pater, quantum in se fuit, Thraecem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem.", + "en": "He left a son Mnestheus, the offspring of a Thracian woman, the daughter of King Cotus.2 When Mnestheus was once asked whether he thought more of his father or of his mother, he answered: My mother. When everyone expressed surprise at his reply, he added: I have good reason for that; for my father did everything in his power to make me a Thracian; my mother, on the contrary, made me an Athenian." + }, + { + "id": 14215, + "la": "Lysander Lacedaemonius magnam reliquit sui famam, magis felicitate quam virtute partam; Atheniensis enim in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes confecisse apparet", + "en": "Lysander the Lacedaemonian left a great reputation, gained rather by good fortune than by merit. There is no doubt, indeed, that he put an end to the power of the Athenians, who had been warring against the Peloponnesians for twenty-six years, but how it was that he effected it is no secret." + }, + { + "id": 14216, + "la": "Id qua ratione consecutus sit haud latet; non enim virtute sui exercitus, sed immodestia factum est adversariorum, qui, quod dicto audientes imperatoribus suis non erant, dispalati in agris relictis navibus in hostium venerunt potestatem Quo facto Athenienses se Lacedaemoniis dediderunt", + "en": "As a matter of fact, it was due, not to the valour of his army, but to the lack of discipline of his opponents, who did not obey their generals, but, leaving their ships and scattering about the country, fell into the power of the enemy As a result, the Athenians surrendered to the Lacedaemonians." + }, + { + "id": 14217, + "la": "Hac victoria Lysander elatus, cum antea semper factiosus audaxque fuisset, sic sibi indulsit, ut eius opera in maximum odium Graeciae Lacedaemonii pervenerint", + "en": "Lysander was elated by that victory, and while even before that he had always been reckless and given to intrigue, he now went so far that owing to him the Lacedaemonians came to be bitterly hated by all Greece." + }, + { + "id": 14218, + "la": "Nam cum hanc causam Lacedaemonii dictitassent sibi esse belli, ut Atheniensium impotentem dominationem refringerent, postquam apud Aegos flumen Lysander classis hostium est potitus, nihil aliud molitus est quam ut omnes civitates in sua teneret potestate, cum id se Lacedaemoniorum causa facere simularet", + "en": "For although they had insisted that their reason for making war was to put an end to the tyrannical rule of Athens, no sooner had Lysander captured the enemys fleet at Aegospotamoi1 than it became his sole aim to hold all the Greek states under his control, pretending that he was acting in the interests of the Lacedaemonians." + }, + { + "id": 14219, + "la": "Namque undique qui Atheniensium rebus studuissent eiectis, decem delegerat in una quaque civitate, quibus summum imperium potestatemque omnium rerum committeret Horum in numerum nemo admittebatur, nisi qui aut eius hospitio contineretur aut se illius fore proprium fide confirmarat", + "en": "To that end, having everywhere expelled those who favoured the Athenians, he had chosen in each state ten men to be entrusted with the chief power and the direction of all affairs; among that number only those were included who were connected with Lysander by ties of hospitality, or had taken oath that they would be his men." + }, + { + "id": 14220, + "la": "Ita decemvirali potestate in omnibus urbibus constituta, ipsius nutu omnia gerebantur Cuius de crudelitate ac perfidia satis est unam rem exempli gratia proferre, ne de eodem plura enumerando defatigemus lectores", + "en": "When decemviral authority had thus been established in all the cities, everything was done in accordance with Lysanders will. Of his cruelty and treachery it is enough to cite a single instance by way of illustration, rather than weary my readers by enumerating more of the same kind." + }, + { + "id": 14221, + "la": "Victor ex Asia cum reverteretur Thasumque divertisset, quod ea civitas praecipua fide fuerat erga Athenienses, proinde ac si non iidem firmissimi solerent esse amici qui constantes fuissent inimici, pervertere eam concupivit", + "en": "When he was returning from Asia after his victory, he turned aside to go to Thasos, because that city had been especially loyal to the Athenians; and quite forgetting that those who have been the most determined enemies are usually the strongest friends, he wished to destroy the city." + }, + { + "id": 14222, + "la": "Vidit autem, nisi in eo occultasset voluntatem, futurum ut Thasii dilaberentur consulerentque rebus suis", + "en": "But he realized that unless he concealed his design, the Thasians would take flight and try to save their property" + }, + { + "id": 14223, + "la": "Itaque hi decemviralem illam potestatem ab illo constitutam sustulerunt Quo dolore incensus,iniit consilia reges Lacedaemoniorum tollere Sed sentiebat id se sine ope deorum facere non posse, quod Lacedaemonii omnia ad oracula referre consuerant", + "en": "Therefore the Lacedaemonians abolished that decemviral government which he had established; whereupon, inflamed with anger, he plotted to abolish the royal power at Lacedaemon. He was aware, however, that success was impossible without the help of the gods, since it was the custom of the Lacedaemonians to consult the oracles on all matters of state." + }, + { + "id": 14224, + "la": "Primum Delphicum corrumpere est conatus Cum id non potuisset, Dodonam adortus est Hinc quoque repulsus, dixit se vota suscepisse quae Iovi Hammoni solveret, existimans se Afros facilius corrupturum", + "en": "First he attempted to bribe the Delphic oracle. Failing in that, he made an attempt on Dodona. There too suffering repulse, he alleged that he had made vows which he must pay to Jupiter Hammon, supposing that he could succeed better with the Africans." + }, + { + "id": 14225, + "la": "Hac spe cum profectus esset in Africam, multum eum antistites Iovis fefellerunt; nam non solum corrumpi non potuerunt, sed etiam legatos Lacedaemonem miserunt, qui Lysandrum accusarent quod sacerdotes fani corrumpere conatus esset", + "en": "In that hope he went to Africa, but the priests of Jupiter greatly disappointed him; for far from allowing themselves to be seduced, they even sent envoys to Lacedaemon, to accuse Lysander of attempting to bribe the priests of the temple." + }, + { + "id": 14226, + "la": "Accusatus hoc crimine iudicumque absolutus sententiis, Orchomeniis missus subsidio occisus est a Thebanis apud Haliartum", + "en": "Arraigned on that charge, he was acquitted by the vote of the jurors; but being sent to help the people of Orchomenos, he was slain by the Thebans near Haliartus." + }, + { + "id": 14227, + "la": "Quam vere de eo foret iudicatum, oratio indicio fuit quae post mortem in domo eius reperta est, in qua suadet Lacedaemoniis ut regia potestate dissoluta ex omnibus dux deligatur ad bellum gerendum, sed sic scripta, ut deum videretur congruere sententiae, quam ille se habiturum pecunia fidens non dubitabat Hanc ei scripsisse Cleon Halicarnasius dicitur", + "en": "How well founded the charge against him was is shown by a speech which was found in his house after his death. In it he advises the Lacedaemonians to abolish the rule of kings and select a military leader from the whole body of citizens; but the speech was so worded that it appeared to be in conformity with the advice of the gods; and that advice he felt sure of securing, trusting to the power of money. The speech is said to have been written for him by Cleon of Halicarnasus." + }, + { + "id": 14228, + "la": "Atque hoc loco non est praetereundum factum Pharnabazi, satrapis regii Nam cum Lysander praefectus classis in bello multa crudeliter avareque fecisset deque eis rebus suspicaretur ad cives suos esse perlatum, petiit a Pharnabazo ut ad ephoros sibi testimonium daret, quanta sanctitate bellum gessisset sociosque tractasset, deque ea re accurate scriberet: magnam enim eius auctoritatem in ea re futuram", + "en": "In this connection I must not fail to mention what was done by Pharnabazus, satrap of the king. After Lysander, while commander of the fleet, had committed many acts of cruelty and greed, and suspected that news of them had reached the ears of his countrymen, he asked Pharnabazus to give him a letter to present to the ephors, testifying to the scrupulous manner in which he had conducted the war and treated the allies, with a detailed account of his conduct; for he declared that the satraps influence would carry great weight." + }, + { + "id": 14229, + "la": "Huic ille liberaliter pollicetur; librum grandem verbis multis conscripsit, in quibus summis eum effert laudibus Quem cum hic legisset probassetque, dum signatur, alterum pari magnitudine, tanta similitudine ut discerni non posset, signatum subiecit, in quo accuratissime eius avaritiam perfidiamque accusarat", + "en": "The Persian readily gave him his promise and wrote a weighty scroll in many words, praising Lysander in the highest terms. This the Spartan read and approved, but while it was being sealed, another scroll of equal size, so similar that the two could not be distinguished, had already been sealed and was substituted for the first one; and this contained a fully detailed account of Lysanders avarice and treachery." + }, + { + "id": 14230, + "la": "Hinc Lysander domum cum redisset, postquam de suis rebus gestis apud maximum magistratum quae voluerat dixerat, testimonii loco librum a Pharnabazo datum tradidit Hunc submoto Lysandro cum ephori cognossent, ipsi legendum dederunt Ita ille imprudens ipse suus fuit accusator", + "en": "When Lysander had returned home from Asia and had submitted his own account of his conduct before the chief magistrates,1 by way of proof he proffered the letter given him by Pharnabazus. When the ephors, after dismissing Lysander, had read the satraps screed, they gave it to him to peruse. Thus the man, without knowing it, was his own accuser." + }, + { + "id": 14231, + "la": "Miltiades, Cimonis filius, Atheniensis, cum et antiquitate generis et gloria maiorum et sua modestia unus omnium maxime floreret eaque esset aetate ut non iam solum de eo bene sperare, sed etiam confidere cives possent sui talem eum futurum qualem cognitum iudicarunt, accidit ut Athenienses Chersonesum colonos vellent mittere", + "en": "Miltiades, the Athenian, son of Cimon, because of the antiquity of his family,1 the fame of his ancestors, and his own unassuming nature, was the most distinguished man of his day. He had reached a time of life when he not only inspired high hopes in his fellow-citizens, but even gave them confidence that he would be the kind of man that they found him on longer acquaintance, when it chanced that the Athenians wished to send a colony to the Chersonesus." + }, + { + "id": 14232, + "la": "Cuius generis cum magnus numerus esset et multi eius demigrationis peterent societatem, ex his delecti Delphos deliberatum missi sunt, quo potissimum duce uterentur Namque tum Thraeces eas regiones tenebant, cum quibus armis erat dimicandum His consulentibus nominatim Pythia praecepit ut Miltiadem imperatorem sibi sumerent: id si fecissent, incepta prospera futura", + "en": "Since the number of eligible citizens was large and many wished to take part in that migration, a deputation from their number was sent to Delphi, to inquire who would be the best leader to choose. For at that time the Thracians were in control of those regions, and a contest with them was inevitable. To the envoys who consulted her the Pythia named Miltiades and bade them take him as their commander, declaring that if they did so, their enterprise would be successful." + }, + { + "id": 14233, + "la": "Hoc oraculi responso Miltiades cum delecta manu classe Chersonesum profectus, cum accessisset Lemnum et incolas eius insulae sub potestatem redigere vellet Atheniensium, idque Lemnii sua sponte facerent postulasset,", + "en": "It was owing to that response of the oracle that Miltiades, accompanied by a carefully selected band, set sail with a fleet for the Chersonesus. Having reached Lemnos and wishing to bring the inhabitants of that island under the sway of the Athenians, he demanded of the Lemnians that they should voluntarily accept that condition." + }, + { + "id": 14234, + "la": "illi irridentes responderunt tum id se facturos, cum ille, domo navibus proficiscens, vento aquilone venisset Lemnum; hic enim ventus, ab septentrionibus oriens, adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus Miltiades, morandi tempus non habens, cursum derexit quo tendebat, pervenitque Chersonesum", + "en": "They replied ironically that they would do so, whenever he should set sail from his home and come to Lemnos driven by Aquilo. But that wind, since it blows from the north, is dead ahead for those who sail from Athens. Miltiades, having no time to lose, kept on to his destination and arrived at the Chersonesus." + }, + { + "id": 14235, + "la": "Ibi brevi tempore barbarum copiis disiectis, tota regione quam petierat potitus, loca castellis idonea communiit, multitudinem quam secum duxerat in agris conlocavit crebrisque excursionibus locupletavit", + "en": "There he soon dispersed the forces of the barbarians, and having gained possession of the entire region that he had in view, he fortified strategic points with strongholds, settled on farms the company which he had brought with him, and enriched them by frequent raids." + }, + { + "id": 14236, + "la": "Neque minus in ea re prudentia quam felicitate adiutus est; nam cum virtute militum devicisset hostium exercitus, summa aequitate res constituit atque ipse ibidem manere decrevit", + "en": "In that whole enterprise his success was due not less to statesmanship than to good fortune; for when, thanks to the valour of his soldiers, he had vanquished the enemy, he organized the colony with the utmost impartiality and decided to make his own home there." + }, + { + "id": 14237, + "la": "Erat enim inter eos dignitate regia, quamvis carebat nomine, neque id magis imperio quam iustitia consecutus; neque eo setius Atheniensibus, a quibus erat profectus, officia praestabat Quibus rebus fiebat ut non minus eorum voluntate perpetuum imperium obtineret qui miserant, quam illorum cum quibus erat profectus", + "en": "As a matter of fact, he enjoyed the rank of king among the colonists without having that title, an honour which he owed to his justice no less than to his position of authority. Nevertheless, he continued to do his duty by the Athenians, who had sent him to Thrace; and as a result he retained permanent authority, no less with the consent of those who had sent him than of those who had taken part in the expedition." + }, + { + "id": 14238, + "la": "Chersoneso tali modo constituta Lemnum revertitur et ex pacto postulat ut sibi urbem tradant Illi enim dixerant, cum vento borea domo profectus eo pervenisset, sese dedituros; se autem domum Chersonesi habere", + "en": "After the Chersonesus was thus organized, Miltiades returned to Lemnos and demanded the surrender of the city according to the agreement. For they had said that they would give themselves up whenever he left his home and came to them before a north wind; but now, as he reminded them, he had his home in the Ghersonesus." + }, + { + "id": 14239, + "la": "Cares, qui tum Lemnum incolebant, etsi praeter opinionem res ceciderat, tamen non dicto, sed secunda fortuna adversariorum capti, resistere ausi non sunt atque ex insula demigrarunt Pari felicitate ceteras insulas quae Cyclades nominantur sub Atheniensium redegit potestatem", + "en": "To the Carians, who at that time dwelt in Lemnos, the situation was an unexpected one; nevertheless, since they were trapped not so much by their promise as by the good fortune of their opponents, they did not dare to resist, but left the island. Miltiades had equal success in bringing the remaining islands known as the Cyclades into the power of the Athenians." + }, + { + "id": 14240, + "la": "Eisdem temporibus Persarum rex Darius ex Asia in Europam exercitu traiecto Scythis bellum inferre decrevit Pontem fecit in Histro flumine, qua copias traduceret Eius pontis, dum ipse abesset, custodes reliquit principes quos secum ex Ionia et Aeolide duxerat; quibus singulis illarum urbium perpetua dederat imperia", + "en": "At that same period of time King Darius decided to lead an army from Asia into Europe and make war on the Scythians. He built a bridge over the river Hister for the transport of his troops and entrusted the guard of that bridge during his absence to men of rank whom he had brought with him from Ionia and Aeolis. To each of those men he had given the permanent rule of a city in the region from which each had come." + }, + { + "id": 14241, + "la": "Sic enim facillime putavit se Graeca lingua loquentes qui Asiam incolerent sub sua retenturum potestate, si amicis suis oppida tuenda tradidisset; quibus se oppresso nulla spes salutis relinqueretur", + "en": "For in that way he hoped most easily to retain under his sway the Greek-speaking peoples dwelling in Asia, if he entrusted the charge of their towns to friends of his, who would have no hope of safety in case he were overthrown." + }, + { + "id": 14242, + "la": "In hoc fuit tum numero Miltiades Hic, cum crebri adferrent nuntii male rem gerere Darium premique a Scythis, hortatus est pontis custodes ne a fortuna datam occasionem liberandae Graeciae dimitterent", + "en": "Among these at that time was Miltiades. He, learning from numerous sources that Darius was meeting with no success and was hard pressed by the Scythians, urged the defenders of the bridge not to lose the opportunity that fortune had given them of freeing Greece." + }, + { + "id": 14243, + "la": "Nam si cum iis copiis quas secum transportarat interisset Darius, non solum Europam fore tutam, sed etiam eos qui Asiam incolerent Graeci genere liberos a Persarum futuros dominatione et periculo", + "en": "For if Darius and the forces which he had taken with him should perish, not only would Europe be safe, but also the dwellers in Asia who were of Greek descent would be freed from the Persian yoke and menace." + }, + { + "id": 14244, + "la": "Id facile effici posse: ponte enim rescisso, regem vel hostium ferro vel inopia paucis diebus interiturum", + "en": "That result could easily be accomplished; for the bridge once destroyed, within a few days the king would fall victim either to the enemys steel or to famine." + }, + { + "id": 14245, + "la": "Ad hoc consilium cum plerique accederent, Histiaeus Milesius ne res conficeretur obstitit, dicens non idem ipsis, qui summas imperii tenerent, expedire et multitudini, quod Darii regno ipsorum niteretur dominatio; quo exstincto, ipsos, potestate expulsos, civibus suis poenas daturos Itaque adeo se abhorrere a ceterorum consilio, ut nihil putet ipsis utilius quam confirmari regnum Persarum", + "en": "That plan met with the approval of a great many, but Histiaeus of Miletus opposed its execution, pointing out that he and his colleagues, who held high command, were not in the same situation as the common people, since their authority was bound up with the sovereignty of Darius; if the king should be killed, their power would be wrested from them and they would be exposed to the vengeance of their fellow-citizens. Therefore he was so far from approving the plan proposed by the rest that he believed nothing to be more to their advantage than the maintenance of the Persian rule." + }, + { + "id": 14246, + "la": "Huius cum sententiam plurimi essent secuti, Miltiades, non dubitans tam multis consciis ad regis aures consilia sua perventura, Chersonesum reliquit ac rursus Athenas demigravit Cuius ratio etsi non valuit, tamen magno opere est laudanda, cum amicior omnium libertati quam suae fuerit dominationi", + "en": "When the opinion of Histiaeus met with general approval, Miltiades, feeling sure that with so many witnesses his proposal would come to the kings ears, left the Chersonesus and returned to Athens. His design, although it failed, is none the less deserving of high praise, since he was more interested in the public freedom than in maintaining his own power." + }, + { + "id": 14247, + "la": "Darius autem, cum ex Europa in Asiam redisset, hortantibus amicis ut Graeciam redigeret in suam potestatem, classem quingentarum navium comparavit eique Datim praefecit et Artaphernem iisque ducenta peditum, decem milia equitum dedit, causam interserens se hostem esse Atheniensibus, quod eorum auxilio Iones Sardis expugnassent suaque praesidia interfecissent", + "en": "Now Darius, having returned from Europe to Asia and being urged by his friends to reduce Greece to submission, got ready a fleet of five hundred ships and put it under the command of Datis and Artaphernes, giving them in addition two hundred thousand foot and ten thousand horsemen. He alleged as a pretext for his hostility to the Athenians that it was with their help that the Ionians had taken Sardis and slain his garrison." + }, + { + "id": 14248, + "la": "Illi praefecti regii classe ad Euboeam appulsa celeriter Eretriam ceperunt omnesque eius gentis cives abreptos in Asiam ad regem miserunt Inde ad Atticam accesserunt ac suas copias in campum Marathona deduxerunt; is est ab oppido circiter milia passuum decem", + "en": "Those officers of the king, having landed on Euboea, quickly took Eretria, carried off all the citizens of that place, and sent them to the king in Asia. Then they kept on to Attica and led their forces into the plain of Marathon, which is distant about ten miles from Athens." + }, + { + "id": 14249, + "la": "Hoc tumultu Athenienses tam propinquo tamque magno permoti, auxilium nusquam nisi a Lacedaemoniis petiverunt Phidippumque, cursorem eius generis qui hemerodromoe vocantur, Lacedaemonem miserunt, ut nuntiaret quam celeri opus esse auxilio", + "en": "The Athenians, though greatly alarmed by this hostile demonstration, so near and so threatening, asked help only from the Lacedaemonians, sending Phidippus, a courier of the class known as all-day runners, to report how pressing was their need of aid." + }, + { + "id": 14250, + "la": "Domi autem creant decem praetores, qui exercitui praeessent, in iis Miltiadem; inter quos magna fuit contentio, utrum moenibus se defenderent an obviam irent hostibus acieque decernerent", + "en": "But at home they appointed ten generals to command the army, including Miltiades; among these there was great difference of opinion, whether it were better to take refuge within their walls or go to meet the enemy and fight a decisive battle." + }, + { + "id": 14251, + "la": "Unus Miltiades maxime nitebatur ut primo quoque tempore castra fierent: id si factum esset, et civibus animum accessurum, cum viderent de eorum virtute non desperari, et hostes eadem re fore tardiores, si animadverterent auderi adversus se tam exiguis copiis dimicari", + "en": "Miltiades alone persistently urged them to take the field at the earliest possible moment; stating that if they did so, not only would the citizens take heart, when they saw that their courage was not distrusted, but for the same reason the enemy would be slower to act, if they realized that the Athenians dared to engage them with so small a force." + }, + { + "id": 14252, + "la": "Hoc in tempore nulla civitas Atheniensibus auxilio fuit praeter Plataeenses; ea mille misit militum Itaque horum adventu decem milia armatorum completa sunt, quae manus mirabili flagrabat pugnandi cupiditate", + "en": "In that crisis no city gave help to the Athenians except the Plataeans. They sent a thousand soldiers, whose arrival raised the number of combatants to ten thousand. It was a band inflamed with a marvellous desire for battle," + }, + { + "id": 14253, + "la": "Quo factum est ut plus quam collegae Miltiades valeret Eius ergo auctoritate impulsi, Athenienses copias ex urbe eduxerunt locoque idoneo castra fecerunt", + "en": "and their ardour gave Miltiades advice preference over that of his colleagues. Accordingly, through his influence the Athenians were induced to lead their forces from the city and encamp in a favourable position." + }, + { + "id": 14254, + "la": "Dein postero die sub montis radicibus acie regione instructa non apertissuma'namque arbores multis locis erant rarae'proelium commiserunt hoc consilio, ut et montium altitudine tegerentur et arborum tractu equitatus hostium impediretur, ne multitudine clauderentur", + "en": "Then, on the following day, the army was drawn up at the foot of the mountain1 in a part of the plain that was not wholly open'for there were isolated trees in many places'and they joined battle. The purpose was to protect themselves by the high mountains and at the same time prevent the enemys cavalry, hampered by the scattered trees, from surrounding them with their superior numbers." + }, + { + "id": 14255, + "la": "Datis etsi non aequum locum videbat suis, tamen fretus numero copiarum suarum confligere cupiebat, eoque magis quod, priusquam Lacedaemonii subsidio venirent, dimicare utile arbitrabatur", + "en": "Although Datis saw that the position was not favourable to his men, yet he was eager to engage, trusting to the number of his troops; and the more so because he thought it to his advantage to give battle before the Lacedaemonian reinforcements arrived." + }, + { + "id": 14256, + "la": "Itaque in aciem peditum centum, equitum decem milia produxit proeliumque commisit In quo tanto plus virtute valuerunt Athenienses, ut decemplicem numerum hostium profligarint, adeoque perterruerint ut Persae non castra, sed naves petierint Qua pugna nihil adhuc exstitit nobilius; nulla enim umquam tam exigua manus tantas opes prostravit", + "en": "Therefore he led out his hundred thousand foot and ten thousand horse and began the battle. In the contest that ensued the Athenians were so superior in valour that they routed a foe of tenfold their own number and filled them with such fear that the Persians fled, not to their camp, but to their ships. A more glorious victory was never before won; for never did so small a band lay low so great a power." + }, + { + "id": 14257, + "la": "Cuius victoriae non alienum videtur quale praemium Miltiadi sit tributum docere, quo facilius intellegi possit eandem omnium civitatum esse naturam", + "en": "It does not seem out of place to tell what reward was given to Miltiades for that victory, in order that it may the more readily be understood that the nature of all states is the same." + }, + { + "id": 14258, + "la": "Ut enim populi Romani honores quondam fuerunt rari et tenues ob eamque causam gloriosi, nunc autem effusi atque obsoleti, sic olim apud thenienses fuisse reperimus", + "en": "For just as among the people of Rome distinctions were formerly few and slight and for that reason glorious, while to-day they are lavish and worthless, so we find it to have been at Athens in days gone by." + }, + { + "id": 14259, + "la": "Namque huic Miltiadi, quia Athenas totamque Graeciam liberarat, talis honos tributus est: in porticu, quae Poecile vocatur, cum pugna depingeretur Marathonia, ut in decem praetorum numero prima eius imago poneretur isque hortaretur milites proeliumque committeret", + "en": "For the sole honour that our Miltiades received for having won freedom for Athens and for all Greece was this: that when the picture of the battle of Marathon was painted in the colonnade called Poicile, his portrait was given the leading place among the ten generals and he was represented in the act of haranguing the troops and giving the signal for battle." + }, + { + "id": 14260, + "la": "Idem ille populus, postea quam maius imperium est nactus et largitione magistratuum corruptus est, trecentas statuas Demetrio Phalereo decrevit", + "en": "But that same people, after it had gained greater power and was corrupted by the largess of the magistrates, voted three hundred statues to Demetrius of Phalerum." + }, + { + "id": 14261, + "la": "Post hoc proelium classem LXX navium Athenienses eidem Miltiadi dederunt, ut insulas quae barbaros adiuverant bello persequeretur Quo imperio plerasque ad officium redire coegit, nonnullas vi expugnavit", + "en": "After that battle the Athenians again entrusted Miltiades with a fleet of seventy ships, in order to make war on the islands that had given help to the barbarians. While holding that command he compelled many of the islands to return to their allegiance, but with some he had to resort to force." + }, + { + "id": 14262, + "la": "Ex his Parum insulam opibus elatam cum oratione reconciliare non posset, copias e navibus eduxit, urbem operibus clausit omnique commeatu privavit; dein vineis ac testudinibus constitutis, propius muros accessit", + "en": "Among the latter the island of Paros was so confident of its strength that it could not be brought to terms by argument. Therefore Miltiades disembarked his troops, invested the city with siege-works, and completely cut off its supplies. Then he set up his mantlets and tortoise-sheds and advanced against the walls." + }, + { + "id": 14263, + "la": "Cum iam in eo esset ut oppido potiretur, procul in continenti lucus qui ex insula conspiciebatur nescio quo casu nocturno tempore incensus est Cuius flamma ut ab oppidanis et oppugnatoribus est visa, utrisque venit in opinionem signum a classiariis regis datum", + "en": "He was on the point of taking the town, when a grove, which was some distance off on the mainland but visible from the island, by some chance caught fire one night. When the flames were seen by the besiegers and the townspeople, both parties thought it a signal given by the kings marines." + }, + { + "id": 14264, + "la": "Quo factum est ut et Parii a deditione deterrerentur et Miltiades, timens ne classis regia adventaret, incensis operibus quae statuerat, cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus Athenas magna cum offensione civium suorum rediret", + "en": "The result was that the Parians were kept from surrendering, while Miltiades, fearing that the kings fleet was approaching, set fire to the works that he had constructed, and returned to Athens with all the ships which he had taken with him, to the great vexation of his fellow-citizens." + }, + { + "id": 14265, + "la": "Accusatus ergo est proditionis, quod, cum Parum expugnare posset, a rege corruptus infectis rebus discessisset", + "en": "In consequence, he was accused of treason, on the ground that, when he might have taken the city, he had been bribed by the king and had left without accomplishing his purpose." + }, + { + "id": 14266, + "la": "Eo tempore aeger erat vulneribus, quae in oppugnando oppido acceperat Itaque quoniam ipse pro se dicere non posset, verba fecit frater eius Stesagoras", + "en": "At the time Miltiades was disabled by wounds which he had suffered in the attack on the town, and since for that reason he could not plead his own cause, his brother Stesagoras spoke in his behalf." + }, + { + "id": 14267, + "la": "Causa cognita, capitis absolutus pecunia multatus est, eaque lis quinquaginta talentis aestimata est, quantus in classem sumptus factus erat Hanc pecuniam quod solvere in praesentia non poterat, in vincla publica coniectus est ibique diem obiit supremum", + "en": "When the trial was concluded, Miltiades was not condemned to capital punishment, but to pay a fine, the amount of which was fixed at five hundred talents, the sum which had been spent on the fleet under his command. Since he could not pay the fine at once, he was put in the state prison, and there met his end" + }, + { + "id": 14268, + "la": "Hic etsi crimine Pario est accusatus, tamen alia causa fuit damnationis Namque Athenienses propter Pisistrati tyrannidem, quae paucis annis ante fuerat, nimiam civium suorum potentiam extimescebant", + "en": "Although it was the affair of Paros that led to the accusation of Miltiades, there was another reason for his condemnation; for the Athenians, because of the tyranny which Pisistratus had held some years before, dreaded excessive power in the hands of any citizen." + }, + { + "id": 14269, + "la": "Miltiades, multum in imperiis magnisque versatus, non videbatur posse esse privatus, praesertim cum consuetudine ad imperii cupiditatem trahi videretur Nam Chersonesi omnes illos quos habitarat annos perpetuam obtinuerat dominationem tyrannusque fuerat appellatus, sed iustus", + "en": "They did not think it possible that Miltiades, who had held so many and such important military commands, would be able to conduct himself as a private citizen, especially since habit seemed to have given him a taste for power. In the Chersonesus, for example, during all the years of his residence there he had enjoyed uninterrupted sovereignty." + }, + { + "id": 14270, + "la": "Non erat enim vi consecutus, sed suorum voluntate, eamque potestatem bonitate retinebat Omnes autem et dicuntur et habentur tyranni, qui potestate sunt perpetua in ea civitate quae libertate usa est", + "en": "He had been called tyrant, but he was a just one, since he owed his power, not to force, but to the consent of his subjects, and retained it as a result of his virtue. But all men are called tyrants, and regarded as such, who hold permanent rule in a city which has enjoyed a democratic form of government." + }, + { + "id": 14271, + "la": "Sed in Miltiade erat cum summa humanitas tum mira communitas, ut nemo tam humilis esset cui non ad eum aditus pateret;", + "en": "But in Miltiades there was not only the greatest kindliness, but also such remarkable condescension that no one was so humble as not to be admitted to his presence." + }, + { + "id": 14272, + "la": "magna auctoritas apud omnis civitatis, nobile nomen, laus rei militaris maxima Haec populus respiciens maluit illum innoxium plecti quam se diutius esse in timore", + "en": "He had great influence with all the Greek states, a famous name, and great renown as a soldier. Having in mind these advantages of his, the people preferred that he should suffer, though innocent, rather than that they should continue to be in fear." + }, + { + "id": 14273, + "la": "Hi fere fuerunt Graecae gentis duces qui memoria digni videantur, praeter reges;", + "en": "These have been about all the generals of the Greek nation who seem worthy of mention, with the exception of kings;" + }, + { + "id": 14274, + "la": "namque eos attingere noluimus, quod omnium res gestae separatim sunt relatae", + "en": "for upon kings I have been unwilling to touch, because the history of all of them has been related in another place." + }, + { + "id": 14275, + "la": "Neque tamen ii admodum sunt multi", + "en": "But, after all, these are not very numerous." + }, + { + "id": 14276, + "la": "Prior horum apud Massagetas in proelio cecidit, Darius senectute diem obiit supremum Tres sunt praeterea eiusdem generis: Xerxes et duo Artaxerxae,", + "en": "Of these the former fell in battle in the land of the Massagetae; Darius died of old age. There are besides three other eminent kings of the same nation: Xerxes and the two Artaxerxes," + }, + { + "id": 14277, + "la": "Lacedaemonius autem Agesilaus nomine, non potestate fuit rex, sicut ceteri Spartani Ex iis vero qui dominatum imperio tenuerunt excellentissimi fuerunt, ut nos iudicamus, Persarum Cyrus et Darius, Hystaspi filius, quorum uterque privatus virtute regnum est adeptus", + "en": "Now Agesilaus, the Lacedaemonian, had the title, but not the power, of a king, as was true of the other Spartans of that rank. But of those who joined to their title absolute dominion, the most eminent in my estimation were the Persians Cyrus and Darius, son of Hystaspes, both of whom were private citizens who attained royal power through merit." + }, + { + "id": 14278, + "la": "Macrochir cognomine et Mnemon Xerxi maxime est illustre, quod maximis post hominum memoriam exercitibus terra marique bellum intulit Graeciae At Macrochir praecipuam habet laudem amplissimae pulcherrimaeque corporis formae, quam incredibili ornavit virtute belli; namque illo Perses nemo manu fuit fortior Mnemon autem iustitiae fama floruit;", + "en": "surnamed Macrochir, or Long-hand, and Mnemon, or of Good Memory. Xerxes owes his fame in particular to having made war on Greece by land and sea with the greatest armies within the memory of man; but Macrochir is principally known for his imposing and handsome figure, which he enhanced by incredible valour in war; for no one of the Persians excelled him in deeds of arms. Mnemon, on the contrary, was celebrated for his justice;" + }, + { + "id": 14279, + "la": "nam cum matris suae scelere amisisset uxorem, tantum indulsit dolori, ut eum pietas vinceret Ex his duo eodem nomine morbo naturae debitum reddiderunt, tertius ab Artabano praefecto ferro interemptus est", + "en": "for when he had lost his wife through the crime of his mother, he confined the indulgence of his resentment within the bounds of filial piety." + }, + { + "id": 14280, + "la": "Pausanias Lacedaemonius magnus homo, sed varius in omni genere vitae fuit; nam ut virtutibus eluxit, sic vitiis est obrutus", + "en": "Pausanias the Lacedaemonian was a great man, but untrustworthy in all the relations of life; for while he possessed conspicuous merits, yet he was overloaded with defects." + }, + { + "id": 14281, + "la": "Huius illustrissimum est proelium apud Plataeas Namque illo duce Mardonius, satrapes regius, natione Medus, regis gener, in primis omnium Persarum et manu fortis et consilii plenus, cum CC milibus peditum, quos viritim legerat, et XX equitum haud ita magna manu Graeciae fugatus est, eoque ipse dux cecidit proelio", + "en": "His most famous exploit was the battle of Plataea; for it was under his command that Mardonius, a Mede by birth, satrap and son-in-law of the king, among the first of all the Persians in deeds of arms and wise counsel, with an army of two hundred thousand foot-soldiers that he himself had selected man by man, and twenty thousand horsemen, was routed by a comparatively small force of Greeks; and in that battle the leader himself fell." + }, + { + "id": 14282, + "la": "Qua victoria elatus, plurima miscere coepit et maiora concupiscere Sed primum in eo est reprehensus, quod ex praeda tripodem aureum Delphis posuisset epigrammate scripto, in quo haec erat sententia: suo ductu barbaros apud Plataeas esse deletos eiusque victoriae ergo Apollini id donum dedisse Hos versus Lacedaemonii exsculpserunt neque aliud scripserunt quam nomina earum civitatum quarum auxilio Persae erant victi", + "en": "Puffed up by this victory, Pausanias began to engage in numerous intrigues and form ambitious designs. But first of all he incurred criticism by consecrating at Delphi from the spoils a golden tripod, on which was a metrical inscription to this purport: that it was under his lead that the barbarians had been destroyed at Plataea and that because of that victory he gave that gift to Apollo. Those verses the Lacedaemonians erased and put in their place only the names of the cities with whose help the Persians had been defeated." + }, + { + "id": 14283, + "la": "Post id proelium eundem Pausaniam cum classe communi Cyprum atque Hellespontum miserunt, ut ex iis regionibus barbarorum praesidia depelleret", + "en": "After that battle Pausanias again commanded the allied Greeks, being sent with a fleet to Cyprus and the Hellespont to dislodge the garrisons of the barbarians from those regions." + }, + { + "id": 14284, + "la": "Pari felicitate in ea re usus, elatius se gerere coepit maioresque appetere res Nam cum Byzantio expugnato cepisset complures Persarum nobiles atque in his nonnullos regis propinquos, hos clam Xerxi remisit, simulans ex vinclis publicis effugisse, et cum his Gongylum Eretriensem, qui litteras regi redderet, in quibus haec fuisse scripta Thucydides memoriae prodidit:", + "en": "Having enjoyed equal good fortune in that expedition, he began to act still more arrogantly and to entertain still loftier ambitions. In fact, having at the taking of Byzantium captured several Persian nobles, including some relatives of the king, he secretly sent them back to Xerxes, pretending that they had escaped from the state prison; and with them he dispatched Gongylus the Eretrian, who was to deliver to the king a letter, which, as Thucydides has told us, contained the following message:" + }, + { + "id": 14285, + "la": "Pausanias, dux Spartae, quos Byzanti ceperat, postquam propinquos tuos cognovit, tibi muneri misit seque tecum adfinitate coniungi cupit; qua re, si tibi videtur, des ei filiam tuam nuptum \"", + "en": "Pausanias, the Spartan general, as soon as he learned that certain prisoners that he took at Byzantium were your relatives, has sent them to you as a gift, and desires to ally himself with your family. Therefore, if it please you, give him your daughter to wife." + }, + { + "id": 14286, + "la": "Id si feceris, et Spartam et ceteram Graeciam sub tuam potestatem se adiuvante te redacturum pollicetur His de rebus si quid geri volueris, certum hominem ad eum mittas face, cum quo conloquatur.", + "en": "If you do so, he guarantees that with your help he will bring Sparta and all Greece under your sway. If you desire to consider this proposal, see that you send him a trustworthy man with whom he may confer." + }, + { + "id": 14287, + "la": "Rex, tot hominum salute tam sibi necessariorum magno opere gavisus, confestim cum epistula Artabazum ad Pausaniam mittit, in qua eum conlaudat ac petit ne cui rei parcat ad ea efficienda quae pollicetur: si perfecerit, nullius rei a se repulsam laturum", + "en": "The king, greatly pleased at the recovery of so many intimate relatives, at once sent Artabazus to Pausanias with a letter, in which he thanked the Spartan and begged him to spare no pains to accomplish what he promised, saying that if he succeeded, there was nothing that the king would refuse him." + }, + { + "id": 14288, + "la": "Huius Pausanias voluntate cognita, alacrior ad rem gerendam factus, in suspicionem cecidit Lacedaemoniorum Quo facto domum revocatus, accusatus capitis absolvitur, multatur tamen pecunia; quam ob causam ad classem remissus non est", + "en": "When Pausanias knew the monarchs intentions, he devoted himself with greater energy to perfecting his plans, and thus excited the suspicions of the Lacedaemonians. In consequence, he was recalled and tried for his life, and although he escaped death, he was compelled to pay a fine, and because of that he was not sent back to the fleet." + }, + { + "id": 14289, + "la": "At ille post non multo sua sponte ad exercitum rediit et ibi non callida, sed dementi ratione cogitata patefecit; non enim mores patrios solum, sed etiam cultum vestitumque mutavit", + "en": "But not long afterwards Pausanias returned to the army on his own account,1 and there he revealed his designs in a manner that was rather insane than adroit.2 For he abandoned, not only the customs of his country, but even its manner of life and dress." + }, + { + "id": 14290, + "la": "Apparatu regio utebatur, veste Medica; satellites Medi et Aegyptii sequebantur; epulabatur more Persarum luxuriosius quam qui aderant perpeti possent; aditum petentibus conveniundi non dabat, superbe respondebat, crudeliter imperabat", + "en": "He assumed royal splendour, the Medic garb; Persian and Egyptian attendants followed him. He dined in the Persian fashion, more extravagantly than his associates could tolerate. He refused to give audience to those who wished to meet him, returned haughty answers, and exercised his authority cruelly." + }, + { + "id": 14291, + "la": "Spartam redire nolebat; Colonas, qui locus in agro Troade est, se contulerat; ibi consilia cum patriae tum sibi inimica capiebat", + "en": "He refused to return to Sparta, but went to Colonae, a place in the region of the Troad; there he nourished plans that were ruinous not only to his country but to himself." + }, + { + "id": 14292, + "la": "Id postquam Lacedaemonii rescierunt, legatos cum clava ad eum miserunt, in qua more illorum erat scriptum: nisi domum reverteretur, se capitis eum damnaturos", + "en": "As soon as the Lacedaemonians learned of his conduct, they sent envoys to him with the staff, on which it was written after their fashion that if he did not return home, they would condemn him to death." + }, + { + "id": 14293, + "la": "Hoc nuntio commotus, sperans se etiam tum pecunia et potentia instans periculum posse depellere, domum rediit Huc ut venit, ab ephoris in vincla publica est coniectus; licet enim legibus eorum cuivis ephoro hoc facere regi Hinc tamen se expedivit, neque eo magis carebat suspicione; nam opinio manebat eum cum rege habere societatem", + "en": "Troubled by this message, and hoping that even then he could avert the threatening danger by his money and his prestige, he returned to Sparta. On his arrival he was imprisoned by the ephors; for according to the laws of Sparta any ephor may so treat a king." + }, + { + "id": 14294, + "la": "Est genus quoddam hominum quod Hilotae vocatur, quorum magna multitudo agros Lacedaemoniorum colit servorumque munere fungitur Hos quoque sollicitare spe libertatis existimabatur", + "en": "There is a class of men called Helots, who are very numerous; they till the fields of the Lacedaemonians and perform the duties of slaves. These too Pausanias was believed to be tempting by the promise of freedom." + }, + { + "id": 14295, + "la": "Sed quod harum rerum nullum erat apertum crimen quocoargui posset, non putabant de tali tamque claro viro suspicionibus oportere iudicari et exspectandum, dum se ipsa res aperiret", + "en": "But because, in spite of these circumstances, there was no direct charge which could be brought against him, the Lacedaemonians thought that a man of his position and distinction ought not to be brought to trial because of mere suspicions, but that they ought to wait until the truth revealed itself." + }, + { + "id": 14296, + "la": "Interim Argilius quidam adulescentulus, quem puerum Pausanias amore venerio dilexerat, cum epistulam ab eo ad Artabazum accepisset eique in suspicionem venisset aliquid in ea de se esse scriptum, quod nemo eorum redisset qui super tali causa eodem missi erant, vincla epistulae laxavit signoque detracto cognovit, si pertulisset, sibi esse pereundum", + "en": "Meanwhile a young man of Argilus, with whom when a boy Pausanias had had a love affair, having received from him a letter for Artabazus, suspected that it contained some allusion to himself, since none of the messengers who had been sent on similar errands had ever returned. Accordingly, he loosened the cord of the letter, broke the seal, and found that if he should deliver it, he was doomed to death;" + }, + { + "id": 14297, + "la": "Erant in eadem epistula quae ad ea pertinebant quae inter regem Pausaniamque convenerant Has ille litteras ephoris tradidit", + "en": "the letter also contained references to the agreement between Pausanias and the king. This letter the young man handed over to the ephors." + }, + { + "id": 14298, + "la": "Non est praetereunda gravitas Lacedaemoniorum hoc loco; nam ne huius quidem indicio impulsi sunt ut Pausaniam comprehenderent, neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset Itaque huic indici quid fieri vellent praeceperunt", + "en": "We must not fail to observe the deliberateness of the Lacedaemonians on this occasion. Even this mans testimony did not lead them to arrest Pausanias, but they thought that no violence ought to be offered him until he actually betrayed himself. Accordingly, they made known to this informer what he was to do." + }, + { + "id": 14299, + "la": "Fanum Neptuni est Taenari, quod violari nefas putant Graeci Eo ille index confugit in araque consedit Hanc iuxta locum fecerunt sub terra, ex quo posset exaudiri, si quis quid loqueretur cum Argilio", + "en": "There is at Taenarum a temple of Neptune, which the Greeks deem it impious to violate. To this that informer fled and seated himself upon the altar. Near by they made a subterranean chamber, from which anyone who talked with the Argilian could be overheard," + }, + { + "id": 14300, + "la": "Huc ex ephoris quidam descenderunt Pausanias ut audivit Argilium confugisse in aram, perturbatus venit eo Quem cum supplicem dei videret in ara sedentem, quaerit causae quid sit tam repentini consilii", + "en": "and there some of the ephors concealed themselves. When Pausanias heard that the Argilian had taken refuge at the altar, he went there in a state of great anxiety; and finding him seated on the altar in the attitude of a suppliant of the god, he asked his reason for such a sudden determination." + }, + { + "id": 14301, + "la": "Huic ille quid ex litteris comperisset aperit", + "en": "The youth told him what he had learned from the letter." + }, + { + "id": 14302, + "la": "Modo magis Pausanias perturbatus orare coepit ne enuntiaret nec se meritum de illo optime proderet: quod si eam veniam sibi dedisset tantisque implicatum rebus sublevasset, magno ei praemio futurum", + "en": "Pausanias, still more disturbed, began to beg him not to betray one who had always deserved well of him; adding that if he would do him that favour and aid him in the great difficulty in which he found himself, he would reward him generously." + }, + { + "id": 14303, + "la": "His rebus ephori cognitis, satius putarunt in urbe eum comprehendi Quo cum essent profecti et Pausanias placato Argilio, ut putabat, Lacedaemonem reverteretur, in itinere, cum iam in eo esset ut comprehenderetur, ex vultu cuiusdam ephori, qui eum admoneri cupiebat, insidias sibi fieri intellexit", + "en": "Upon getting this evidence the ephors thought it would be better to arrest him in Sparta. When they had left the place, and Pausanias, having won over the Argilian, as he thought, was on his way to Lacedaemon, in the course of the journey, just as he was on the point of being arrested, from the expression of one of the ephors, who wished to warn him, he perceived that they had designs upon him." + }, + { + "id": 14304, + "la": "Itaque paucis ante gradibus quam qui eum sequebantur, in aedem Minervae quae Chalcioicos vocatur confugit Hinc ne exire posset, statim ephori valvas eius aedis obstruxerunt tectumque sunt demoliti, quo celerius sub divo interiret", + "en": "Accordingly, he took refuge in the temple of Minerva, surnamed Chalcioikos, outstripping his pursuers by only a few steps. To prevent his leaving the place, the ephors at once blocked up the doors of the temple and destroyed its roof, in order that he might the sooner die from exposure to the open heavens." + }, + { + "id": 14305, + "la": "Dicitur eo tempore matrem Pausaniae vixisse eamque iam magno natu, postquam de scelere filii comperit, in primis ad filium claudendum lapidem ad introitum aedis attulisse", + "en": "It is said that Pausanias mother was living at the time, and that having learned of her sons guilt, in spite of her great age she was among the first to bring a stone to the entrance of the temple, to immure her own child." + }, + { + "id": 14306, + "la": "Hic cum semianimis de templo elatus esset, confestim animam efnavit Sic Pausanias magnam belli gloriam turpi morte maculavit", + "en": "He was half dead when taken from the precinct and at once breathed his last. Thus it was that Pausanias dishonoured his glorious career by a shameful end." + }, + { + "id": 14307, + "la": "Cuius mortui corpus cum eodem nonnulli dicerent inferri oportere quo ii qui ad supplicium essent dati, displicuit pluribus, et procul ab eo loco infoderunt quo erat mortuus", + "en": "After his death some said that his body ought to be taken to the spot set apart for the burial of criminals; but the majority opposed this, and he was buried at a distance from the place where he had died." + }, + { + "id": 14308, + "la": "Inde posterius dei Delphici responso erutus atque eodem loco sepultus est ubi vitam posuerat", + "en": "Later, in consequence of an oracle of Delphic Apollo, he was exhumed and interred on the very spot where he had ended his life." + }, + { + "id": 14309, + "la": "Pelopidas Thebanus, magis historicis quam vulgo notus Cuius de virtutibus dubito quem ad modum exponam, quod vereor, si res explicare incipiam, ne non vitam eius enarrare, sed historiam videar scribere; sin tantum modo summas attigero, ne rudibus Graecarum litterarum minus dilucide appareat quantus fuerit ille vir Itaque utrique rei occurram, quantum potuero, etmedebor cum satietati tum ignorantiae lectorum", + "en": "Pelopidas, the Theban, is better known to historians than to the general public. I am in doubt how to give an account of his merits; for I fear that if I undertake to tell of his deeds, I shall seem to be writing a history rather than a biography; but if I merely touch upon the high points, I am afraid that to those unfamiliar with Grecian literature it will not be perfectly clear how great a man he was. Therefore I shall meet both difficulties as well as I can, having regard both for the weariness and the lack of information of my readers" + }, + { + "id": 14310, + "la": "Phoebidas Lacedaemonius cum exercitum Olynthum duceret iterque per Thebas faceret, arcem oppidi, quae Cadmea nominatur, occupavit impulsu paucorum Thebanorum, qui adversariae factioni quo facilius resisterent, Laconum rebus studebant, idque suo privato, non publico fecit consilio", + "en": "When Phoebidas, the Lacedaemonian, was leading his army to Olynthus and went by way of Thebes, he took possession of the citadel of the town, called the Cadmea, at the instigation of a few Thebans, who, in order the more easily to resist the party of their opponents, espoused the cause of the Lacedaemonians; but he did this on his own initiative and not at the direction of his state." + }, + { + "id": 14311, + "la": "Quo facto eum Lacedaemonii ab exercitu removerunt pecuniaque multarunt, neque eo magis arcem Thebanis reddiderunt, quod susceptis inimicitiis satius ducebant eos obsideri quam liberari; nam post Peloponnesium bellum Athenasque devictas cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimabant et eos esse solos qui adversus resistere auderent", + "en": "Because of this act the Lacedaemonians deprived him of his command and condemned him to pay a fine, but for all that they did not return the citadel to the Thebans, thinking that, having incurred their enmity, it was better to keep them in a state of siege than to free them. Indeed, after the Peloponnesian war and the defeat of Athens they looked upon the Thebans as rivals and as the only people that would dare to resist them." + }, + { + "id": 14312, + "la": "Hac mente amicis suis summas potestates dederant alteriusque factionis principes partim interfecerant, alios in exsilium eiecerant; in quibus Pelopidas hic, de quo scribere exorsi sumus, pulsus patria carebat", + "en": "Owing to this feeling, they had given the highest offices at Thebes to their sympathizers, and had either put to death or exiled the leading men of the opposite faction. Among these this Pelopidas, about whom I have begun to write, had been driven from his native land into exile." + }, + { + "id": 14313, + "la": "Hi omnes fere Athenas se contulerant, non quo sequerentur otium, sed ut, quemr ex proximo locum fors obtulisset, eo patriam recuperare niterentur", + "en": "Nearly all those who had been banished took refuge in Athens, not in order to live in idleness, but to make an effort to recover their native land at the very first opportunity that fortune offered." + }, + { + "id": 14314, + "la": "Magnae saepe res non ita magnis copiis sunt gestae, sed profecto numquam tam ab tenui initio tantae opes sunt profligatae; nam duodecim adulescentuli coierunt ex iis qui exsilio erant multati, cum omnino non essent amplius centum, qui tanto se offerrent periculo Qua paucitate percussa est Lacedaemoniorum potentia", + "en": "Great things have often been accomplished with not so very great forces, but surely never did so humble a beginning result in the overthrow of so mighty a power. For only a dozen young men came together of those who had been punished with exile, and there were not more than a hundred in all to confront so great a peril. Yet it was by that small number that the power of Lacedaemon was shattered." + }, + { + "id": 14315, + "la": "Itaque, cum tempus est visum rei gerendae, communiter cum iis qui Thebis idem sentiebant diem delegerunt ad inimicos opprimendos civitatemque liberandam eum quo maximi magistratus simul consuerant epulari", + "en": "Accordingly, as soon as they thought that the time for action had come, with those of their fellow-citizens in Thebes who had the, same sentiments they agreed upon a time when they were to surprise their enemies and free the city, choosing the day on which the chief magistrates were in the habit of meeting at a banquet." + }, + { + "id": 14316, + "la": "Hi enim non magis adversariorum factioni quam Spartanis eo tempore bellum intulerunt, qui principes erant totius Graeciae; quorum imperii maiestas, neque ita multo post, Leuctrica pugna ab hoc initio perculsa concidit", + "en": "For they made war, not more upon the party of their opponents than on the Spartans, and that too when the Spartans were the masters of all Greece. But Spartas imposing power, after being shaken by this enterprise, soon afterward fell in ruins at the battle of Leuctra" + }, + { + "id": 14317, + "la": "Illi igitur duodecim, quorum dux erat Pelopidas, cum Athenis interdiu exissent, ut vesperascente caelo Thebas possent pervenire, cum canibus venaticis exierunt, retia ferentes, vestitu agresti, quo minore suspicione facerent iter Qui cum tempore ipso quo studerant pervenissent, domum Charonis deverterunt, a quo et tempus et dies erat datus", + "en": "Those twelve heroes, then, led by Pelopidas, left Athens by day, in order to be able to reach Thebes at nightfall. They took with them hunting dogs and nets, and wore the garb of peasants, that their expedition might attract less attention. At the very time that they had planned they arrived at Thebes, and went to lodge at the house of Charon, the man who had named the day and hour." + }, + { + "id": 14318, + "la": "Hoc loco libet interponere, etsi seiunctum ab re proposita est, nimia fiducia quantae calamitati soleat esse", + "en": "Here I should like to digress, although it has no direct connection with my narrative, to point out how great danger there usually is in excessive confidence." + }, + { + "id": 14319, + "la": "Nam magistratuum Thebanorum statim ad aures pervenit exsules in urbem venisse Id illi vino epulisque dediti usque eo despexerunt, ut ne quaerere quidem de tanta re laborarint", + "en": "For it came at once to the ears of the Theban magistrates that the exiles had arrived in the city; but busy as they were in drinking and feasting, they considered the news so unimportant that they did not even take the trouble to inquire into a matter of such moment." + }, + { + "id": 14320, + "la": "Accessit etiam quod magis aperiret eorum dementiam Adlata est enim epistula Athenis ab Archino uni ex his, Archiae, qui tum maximum magistratum Thebis obtinebat, in qua omnia de profectione eorum perscripta erant Quae cum iam accubanti in convivio esset data, sicut erat signata, sub pulvinum subiciens,", + "en": "Another thing made their folly still more apparent, for a letter was brought from Athens, written by Archinus to one of their number, Archias, who at the time was the chief magistrate in Thebes, in which full details of the expedition were given. The letter was handed to Archias when he had already taken his place at the banquet, but without breaking the seal he put it under his pillow," + }, + { + "id": 14321, + "la": "In crastinum, inquit, differo res severas. At illi omnes, cum iam nox processisset, vinolenti ab exsulibus duce Pelopida sunt interfecti Quibus rebus confectis, vulgo ad arma libertatemque vocato, non solum qui in urbe erant, sed etiam undique ex agris concurrerunt, praesidium Lacedaemoniorum ex arce pepulerunt, patriam obsidione liberarunt, auctores Cadmeae occupandae partim occiderunt, partim in exsilium eiecerunt", + "en": "with the remark: Serious matters may wait until tomorrow. Now all those magistrates, in the course of that night, were slain in their cups by the exiles, headed by Pelopidas. That done, the people were called to arms and to liberty; they hastened to the spot, not only from the city, but from all the countryside, drove the Lacedaemonian garrison from the citadel, and freed their country from oppression. Of those who had caused the occupation of the Cadmea some were slain, others driven into exile." + }, + { + "id": 14322, + "la": "Hoc tam turbido tempore, sicut supra docuimus, Epaminondas, quoad cum civibus dimicatum est, domi quietus fuit Itaque haec liberandarum Thebarum propria laus est Pelopidae, ceterae fere communes cum Epaminonda", + "en": "During this time, so full of trouble, Epaminondas, as I have already said, remained quietly at home, so long as the contest was with fellow-citizens. Hence this glorious deed of freeing Thebes belongs wholly to Pelopidas, but almost all the rest of his renown was shared with Epaminondas." + }, + { + "id": 14323, + "la": "Namque in Leuctrica pugna, imperatore Epaminonda, hic fuit dux delectae manus quae prima phalangem prostravit Laconum", + "en": "For example, in the battle of Leuctra, although Epaminondas was commander-in-chief, Pelopidas was the leader of the select corps that was first to break the Lacedaemonian phalanx." + }, + { + "id": 14324, + "la": "Omnibus praeterea periculis eius adfuit'sicut, Spartam cum oppugnavit, alterum tenuit cornu'quoque Messena celerius restitueretur, legatus in Persas est profectus", + "en": "Moreover, he shared in all his other dangers (thus in the attack on Sparta he commanded one wing), and in order to hasten the restoration of Messene, he went as an envoy to the Persians." + }, + { + "id": 14325, + "la": "Denique haec fuit altera persona Thebis, sed tamen secunda ita ut proxima esset Epaminondae", + "en": "In short, he was one of the two great citizens of Thebes, and although he was second, yet he was next to Epaminondas." + }, + { + "id": 14326, + "la": "Conflictatus autem est etiam adversa fortuna Nam et initio, sicut ostendimus, exsul patria caruit et, cum Thessaliam in potestatem Thebanorum cuperet redigere legationisque iure satis tectum se arbitraretur, quod apud omnes gentes sanctum esse consuesset, a tyranno Alexandro Pheraeo simul cum Ismenia comprehensus in vincla coniectus est", + "en": "But Pelopidas contended also with ill fortune; for in the beginning, as I have stated, he was driven from his country into exile, and when he wished to bring Thessaly under the sway of Thebes and thought that he was amply protected by the inviolability of ambassadors, since that was observed sacredly by all nations, he was arrested with Ismenias by Alexander, tyrant of Pherae, and thrown into prison." + }, + { + "id": 14327, + "la": "Hunc Epaminondas recuperavit, bello persequens Alexandrum Post id factum numquam animo placari potuit in eum a quo erat violatus Itaque persuasit Thebanis ut subsidio Thessaliae proficiscerentur tyrannosque eius expellerent", + "en": "He was rescued by Epaminondas, who made war upon Alexander. After that experience Pelopidas could never be reconciled with the man who had outraged him, and it was for that reason that he persuaded the Thebans to go to the aid of Thessaly and free it of its tyrants." + }, + { + "id": 14328, + "la": "Cuius belli cum ei summa esset data eoque cum exercitu profectus esset, non dubitavit, simul ac conspexit hostem, onfligere", + "en": "When he had been given the chief command in that war and had set out with his army, he did not hesitate to join battle immediately on catching sight of the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 14329, + "la": "In quo proelio Alexandrum ut animadvertit, incensus ira equum in eum concitavit proculque digressus a suis, coniectu telorum confossus concidit Atque hoc secunda victoria accidit; nam iam inclinatae erant tyrannorum copiae", + "en": "In the action that followed, inflamed with wrath at the very first sight of Alexander, he spurred his horse against the tyrant, and being thus separated some distance from his men, he fell, struck down by a shower of weapons. This happened in the full tide of victory, for the tyrants forces had already given way." + }, + { + "id": 14330, + "la": "Quo facto omnes Thessaliae civitates interfectum Pelopidam coronis aureis et statuis aeneis liberosque eius multo agro donarunt", + "en": "Because of that exploit all the states of Thessaly presented the dead Pelopidas with crowns of gold and statues of bronze, and his children with a great amount of land." + }, + { + "id": 14331, + "la": "Phocion Atheniensis etsi saepe exercitibus praefuit summosque magistratus cepit, tamen multo eius notior est integritas vitae quam rei militaris labor", + "en": "Phocion, the Athenian, although he often commanded armies and held the highest offices, yet was much better known for the integrity of his life than for his work as a soldier." + }, + { + "id": 14332, + "la": "Itaque huius memoria est nulla, illius autem magna fama, ex quo cognomine Bonus est appellatus", + "en": "And so no one remembers the latter, while the former is widely known and led to his surname of The Good." + }, + { + "id": 14333, + "la": "Idem cum prope ad annum octogesimum prospera pervenisset fortuna, extremis temporibus magnum in odium pervenit suorum civium, primo quod cum Demade de urbe tradenda Antipatro consenserat eiusque consilio Demosthenes cum ceteris qui bene de re publica meriti existimabantur populi scito in exsilium erant expulsi", + "en": "After good fortune had attended him almost to his eightieth year, at the end of his life he incurred the bitter hatred of his fellow-citizens; at first, ecause he had made an agreement with Demades to turn the city over to Antipater, and because it was by his advice that Demosthenes and the rest who were thought to have served their country well had been exiled by decree of the people." + }, + { + "id": 14334, + "la": "Fuit enim perpetuo pauper, cum divitissimus esse posset propter frequentis delatos honores potestatesque summas, quae ei a populo dabantur", + "en": "In fact, he was always in moderate circumstances, although he might have acquired great wealth because of the frequent offices and commissions which the people conferred upon him" + }, + { + "id": 14335, + "la": "Hic cum a rege Philippo munera magnae pecuniae repudiaret legatique hortarentur accipere simulque admonerent, si ipse iis facile careret, liberis tamen suis prospiceret, quibus difficile esset in summa paupertate tantam paternam tueri gloriam, his ille Si mei similes erunt, idem hic, inquit, agellus illos alet qui me ad hanc dignitatem perduxit; sin dissimiles sunt futuri, nolo meis impensis illorum ali augerique luxuriam.", + "en": "When he had refused the gift of a large sum of money from King Philip, the kings envoys urged him to take it, at the same time reminding him that even if he himself could readily do without such things, yet he ought to consider his children, who would find it difficult with narrow means to live up to the great glory inherited from their father. But he replied to them: If they are like me, they will live on this same little farm which has brought me to my present rank; but if they are going to be different, I do not wish their luxury to be nourished and grow at my expense." + }, + { + "id": 14336, + "la": "Neque in eo solum offenderat, quod patriae male consuluerat, sed tiam quod amicitiae fidem non praestiterat", + "en": "And in the latter instance he was censured, not merely for having acted contrary to the interests of his country, but also for disloyalty to a friend." + }, + { + "id": 14337, + "la": "Namque auctus adiutusque a Demosthene eum quem tenebat ascenderat gradum, cum adversus Charetem eum subornaret; ab eodem in iudiciis, cum capitis causam diceret, defensus aliquotiens, liberatus discesserat", + "en": "For it was through the aid and support of Demosthenes that Phocion had reached the rank that he enjoyed, having gained the orators secret support against Chares; when charged with capital offences, and had been acquitted." + }, + { + "id": 14338, + "la": "Hunc non solum in periculis non defendit, sed etiam prodidit", + "en": "This benefactor Phocion not only did not defend in time of danger, but he even betrayed him." + }, + { + "id": 14339, + "la": "Concidit autem maxime uno crimine, quod, cum apud eum summum esset imperium populi iussu et Nicanorem, Cassandri praefectum, insidiari Piraeo Atheniensium a Dercylo moneretur idemque postularet ut provideret ne commeatibus civitas privaretur, huic audiente populo Phocion negavit esse periculum seque eius rei obsidem fore pollicitus est", + "en": "But his downfall was due particularly to one offence, committed when he held the highest office in the gift of the people.1 On that occasion, being warned by Dercylus that Nicanor, one of Cassanders prefects, was plotting an attack on the Piraeus of the Athenians, and being urged to take heed that the state should not be deprived of supplies, Phocion replied in the hearing of the people that there was no danger and promised to assume all responsibility." + }, + { + "id": 14340, + "la": "Neque ita multo post Nicanor Piraeo est potitus, sine quo Athenae omnino esse non possunt.Ad quem recuperandum cum populus armatus concurrisset, ille non modo neminem ad arma vocavit, sed ne armatis quidem praeesse voluit", + "en": "Not long afterwards Nicanor got possession of the Piraeus, without which Athens cannot exist at all; and when the people united to recover it by force, Phocion not only issued no call to arms, but refused to take command of the people when they had armed themselves." + }, + { + "id": 14341, + "la": "Erant eo tempore Athenis duae factiones, quarum una populi causam agebat, altera optimatium In hac erat Phocion et Demetrius Phalereus Harum utraque Macedonum patrociniis utebatur; nam populares Polyperchonti favebant, optimates cum Cassandro sentiebant Interim a Polyperchonte Cassandrus Macedonia pulsus est", + "en": "There were at Athens at that time two parties, one of which favoured the populace, the other the aristocrats. To the latter belonged Phocion and Demetrius of Phalerum. Both these parties depended upon the patronage of the Macedonians; for the popular party sided with Polyperchon, the aristocrats with Cassander. While these events were going on, Cassander was driven from Macedonia by Polyperchon." + }, + { + "id": 14342, + "la": "Quo facto populus superior factus, statim duces adversariae factionis capitis damnatos patria propulit, in iis Phocionem et Demetrium Phalereum, deque ea re legatos ad Polyperchontem misit, qui ab eo peterent ut sua decreta confirmaret", + "en": "When that happened, the people, having gained the upper hand, at once outlawed the leaders of the opposing party and drove them from Athens,including Phocion and Demetrius of Phalerum; then with reference to that action they sent envoys to Polyperchon, to beg him to confirm their decrees." + }, + { + "id": 14343, + "la": "Huc eodem profectus est Phocion Quo ut venit, causam apud Philippum regem verbo, re ipsa quidem apud Polyperchontem iussus est dicere; namque is tum regis rebus praeerat", + "en": "Phocion also went to Polyperchon. On his arrival he was ordered to plead his cause, ostensibly before King Philip, but actually before Polyperchon; for he then had the management of the kings affairs." + }, + { + "id": 14344, + "la": "Hic ab Agnone accusatus, quod Piraeum Nicanori prodidisset, ex consilii sententia in custodiam coniectus, Athenas deductus est, ut ibi de eo legibus fieret iudicium", + "en": "Phocion was accused by Hagnon of having betrayed the Piraeus to Nicanor, was imprisoned by the decision of the council, and was then taken to Athens, in order that he might there be judged according to the laws of the Athenians." + }, + { + "id": 14345, + "la": "Huc ut perventum est, cum propter aetatem pedibus iam non valeret vehiculoque portaretur, magni concursus sunt facti, cum alii, reminiscentes veteris famae, aetatis misererentur, plurimi vero ira exacuerentur propter proditionis suspicionem Piraei maximeque quod adversus populi commoda in senectute steterat", + "en": "When he arrived in the city, he was now unable to proceed on foot because of his age, and was taken to the court in a carriage. A great crowd collected, some of whom remembered his past glory and pitied his years, although the greater number were filled with bitter anger because of their suspicion that he had betrayed the Piraeus, and especially because in his old age he had opposed the interests of the people." + }, + { + "id": 14346, + "la": "Quare ne perorandi quidem ei data est facultas et dicendi causam Inde iudicio legitimis quibusdam confectis damnatus, traditus est undecimviris, quibus ad supplicium more Atheniensium publice damnati tradi solent", + "en": "In consequence, he was not even given the opportunity of making a speech and of pleading his cause. Then he was condemned by the court, after certain legal forms had been observed, and was turned over to the Eleven, who, according to the custom of the Athenians, regularly have official charge of the punishment of the condemned." + }, + { + "id": 14347, + "la": "Hic cum ad mortem duceretur, obvius ei fuit Euphiletus, quo familiariter fuerat usus Is cum lacrimans dixisset O quam indigna perpeteris, Phocion! huic ille At non inopinata, inquit; hunc enim exitum plerique clari viri habuerunt Athenienses. In hoc tantum fuit odium multitudinis, ut nemo ausus sit eum liber sepelire Itaque a servis sepultus est", + "en": "As he was being led to execution, he was met by Euphiletus, who had been his intimate friend. When the latter said with tears in his eyes: Oh, how unmerited is the treatment you are suffering, Phocion! the prisoner replied: But it is not unexpected; for nearly all the distinguished men of Athens have met this end. Such was the hatred of the people for him, that no freeborn man ventured to bury him; and so he was buried by slaves." + }, + { + "id": 14348, + "la": "Themistocles, Neocli filius, Atheniensis Huius vitia ineuntis adulescentiae magnis sunt emendata virtutibus, adeo ut anteferatur huic nemo, pauci pares putentur", + "en": "1. Themistocles, son of Neocles, the Athenian. This mans faults in early youth gave place to such great merits that no one is ranked above him and few are thought to be his equals." + }, + { + "id": 14349, + "la": "Sed ab initio est ordiendus Pater eius Neocles generosus fuit Is uxorem Acarnanam civem duxit, ex qua natus est Themistocles Qui cum minus esset probatus parentibus, quod et liberius vivebat et rem familiarem neglegebat, a patre exheredatus est Quae contumelia non fregit eum, sed erexit; nam cum iudicasset sine summa industria non posse eam exstingui, totum se dedidit rei publicae, diligentius amicis famaeque serviens", + "en": "But we must begin our account of his life at the beginning. His father Neocles was of high birth. He married an Acarnanian woman possessing the rights of citizenship, who became the mother of Themistocles. The son displeased his parents by living too lawlessly and neglecting his property, and in consequence was disinherited by his father. But this affront, instead of breaking his spirit, aroused his ambition. For believing that such a disgrace could be wiped out only by the greatest industry, he devoted all his time to public life, doing his best to gain friends and distinction." + }, + { + "id": 14350, + "la": "Multum in iudiciis privatis versabatur, saepe in contionem populi prodibat; nulla res maior sine eo gerebatur; celeriter quae opus erant reperiebat, facile eadem oratione explicabat, neque minus in rebus gerendis promptus quam excogitandis erat, quod et de instantibus, ut ait Thucydides, verissime iudicabat et de futuris callidissime coniciebat Quo factum est ut brevi tempore illustraretur", + "en": "He took a prominent part in civil suits, and often came forward to speak in the public assembly; no business of importance was transacted without him; he was quick to see what was needed and able to express his views clearly. Furthermore, he was no less active in carrying out his plans than he had been in devising them, because, as Thucydides expresses it, he judged present events with great exactness and divined the future with remarkable skill. As a result he soon became famous." + }, + { + "id": 14351, + "la": "Primus autem gradus fuit capessendae rei publicae bello Corcyraeo; ad quod gerendum praetor a populo factus, non solum praesenti bello, sed etiam reliquo tempore ferociorem reddidit civitatem Nam cum pecunia publica, quae ex metallis redibat, largitione magistratuum quotannis interiret, ille persuasit populo ut ea pecunia classis centum navium aedificaretur", + "en": "2. The first step in his public career came in connection with the war with Corcyra; chosen general by the people to carry on that contest, he inspired the Athenians with greater courage, not only at that time, but also for the future. For while the public funds which came in from the mines1 every year were being squandered by the magistrates2 in largess, he persuaded the people to use that money to build a fleet of a hundred ships." + }, + { + "id": 14352, + "la": "Qua celeriter effecta, primum Corcyraeos fregit, deinde maritimos praedones consectando mare tutum reddidit In quo cum divitiis ornavit, tum etiam peritissimos belli navalis fecit Athenienses", + "en": "The fleet was quickly built, and with it he first humbled the Corcyreans, and then made the sea safe by ridding it of pirates. In that way he made the Athenians not only rich, but highly skilled also in naval warfare." + }, + { + "id": 14353, + "la": "Id quantae saluti fuerit universae Graeciae bello cognitum est Persico Nam cum Xerxes et mari et terra bellum universae inferret Europae cum tantis copiis quantas neque ante nec postea habuit quisquam'huius enim classis mille et ducentarum navium longarum fuit, quam duo milia onerariarum sequebantur; terrestres autem exercitus DCC peditum, equitum CCCC fuerunt;'cuius de adventu cum fama in Graeciam esset perlata et maxime Athenienses peti dicerentur propter pugnam Marathoniam, miserunt Delphos consultum quidnam facerent de rebus suis", + "en": "How much this meant to the safety of all Greece became evident during the Persian invasion; for when Xerxes was making war upon all Europe by land and sea with greater forces than any man ever possessed before or since'he had a fleet of twelve hundred ships of war, attended by two thousand transports, together with a land force of seven hundred thousand foot and four hundred thousand horse;'after the news of his coming had reached Greece, and it was said that Athens was the special object of his attack because of the battle of Marathon, the people sent to Delphi to inquire what measures they ought to take." + }, + { + "id": 14354, + "la": "Deliberantibus Pythia respondit ut moenibus ligneis se munirent Id responsum quo valeret cum intellegeret nemo, Themistocles persuasit consilium esse Apollinis, ut in naves se suaque conferrent: eum enim a deo significari murum ligneum", + "en": "The Pythia replied to the envoys that they must defend themselves by wooden walls. When no one could understand what the oracle meant, Themistocles convinced the people that Apollos advice was that they should take to their ships with all their possessions; for that was what the god meant by a wooden wall." + }, + { + "id": 14355, + "la": "Tali consilio probato, addunt ad superiores totidem naves triremes suaque omnia quae moveri poterant partim Salamina, partim Troezena deportant; arcem sacerdotibus paucisque maioribus natu ad sacra procuranda tradunt, reliquum oppidum relinquunt", + "en": "Having adopted that plan, they added to the fleet already mentioned an equalnumber of triremes, and transported all their movable property either to Salamis or Troezene. The citadel they left in charge of the priests and a few of the older citizens, who were to attend to the sacred rites; the rest of the city they abandoned." + }, + { + "id": 14356, + "la": "Huius consilium plerisque civitatibus displicebat et in terra dimicari magis placebat Itaque missi sunt delecti cum Leonida, Lacedaemoniorum rege, qui Thermopylas occuparent longiusque barbaros progredi non paterentur Hi vim hostium non sustinuerunt eoque loco omnes interierunt At classis communis Graeciae trecentarum navium, in qua ducentae erant Atheniensium, primum apud Artemisium inter Euboeam continentemque terram cum classiariis regis conflixit Angustias enim Themistocles quaerebat, ne multitudine circuiretur", + "en": "3. Many of the states did not approve of Themistocles plan, but preferred to fight on land. Accordingly, a band of picked men was sent with Leonidas, king of the Lacedaemonians, to hold Thermopylae and prevent any further advance of the barbarians. They, however, could not resist the enemys attack, but in that pass they all perished. But the common fleet of Greece, consisting of three hundred ships, of which two hundred belonged to Athens, first engaged with the kings marines off Artemisium, between Euboea and the mainland. For Themistocles chose a narrow place, in order not to be surrounded by superior numbers." + }, + { + "id": 14357, + "la": "Hic etsi pari proelio discesserant, tamen eodem loco non sunt ausi manere, quod erat periculum ne, si pars navium adversariorum Euboeam superasset, ancipiti premerentur periculo Quo factum est ut ab Artemisio discederent et exadversum Athenas apud Salamina classem suam constituerent", + "en": "Although the result of that battle was indecisive, the Greeks nevertheless did not venture to hold their ground, because there was reason to fear that if a part of the ships of their opponents should round Euboea, they would be exposed to attack on both sides. They therefore retired from Artemisium and stationed their fleet at Salamis, over against Athens." + }, + { + "id": 14358, + "la": "At Xerxes, Thermopylis expugnatis, protinus accessit astu idque nullis defendentibus, interfectis sacerdotibus quos in arce invenerat, incendio delevit Cuius flamma perterriti classiarii cum manere non auderent et plurimi hortarentur ut domos suas discederent moenibusque se defenderent, Themistocles unus restitit et universos pares esse posse aiebat, dispersos testabatur perituros, idque Eurybiadi, regi Lacedaemoniorum, qui tum summae imperii praeerat, fore adfirmabat", + "en": "4. Now Xerxes, having forced the pass at Thermopylae, at once marched upon Athens, and since it was without defenders, he massacred the priests whom he found on the citadel and destroyed the city by fire. The flames of the burning town so terrified the soldiers on the fleet, that they did not dare to hold their position, but the greater number recommended withdrawing to their homes and taking refuge within their walls. Themistocles alone objected, saying that united they could be a match for the Persians, but insisting that if they should separate, they would all be lost; and he assured Eurybiades, king of the Lacedaemonians, who held the chief command at the time, that what he said was true." + }, + { + "id": 14359, + "la": "Quem cum minus quam vellet moveret, noctu de servis suis quem habuit fidelissimum ad regem misit, ut ei nuntiaret suis verbis adversarios eius in fuga esse: qui si discessissent, maiore cum labore et longinquiore tempore bellum confecturum, cum singulos consectari cogeretur; quos si statim aggrederetur, brevi universos oppressurum", + "en": "And when he had less influence on the Spartan than he hoped, he sent the most faithful of his slaves by night to the king, to take word to him in the name of Themistocles that his enemies were on the point of flight: if they should disperse, it would require longer time and greater effort to end the war, since he would be obliged to attack each city separately; but if he advanced upon them at once, he would quickly destroy them all." + }, + { + "id": 14360, + "la": "Hoc eo valebat, ut ingratiis ad depugnandum omnes cogerentur Hac re audita, barbarus, nihil doli subesse credens, postridie alienissimo sibi loco, contra opportunissimo hostibus, adeo angusto mari conflixit, ut eius multitudo navium explicari non potuerit Victus ergo est magis etiam consilio Themistocli quam armis Graeciae", + "en": "Themistocles design was to compel all the Greeks to fight a decisive battle against their will. When the barbarian received the message, he did not suspect any deception, and although the position was most unfavourable for him, but highly advantageous for the enemy, he joined battle on the following day in so narrow a part of the sea that it was impossible to man'uvre his immense number of ships. Hence he was defeated, thanks to Themistocles strategy even more than to the arms of Greece" + }, + { + "id": 14361, + "la": "Hic etsi male rem gesserat, tamen tantas habebat reliquias copiarum, ut etiam tum iis opprimere posset hostes Iterum ab eodem gradu depulsus est Nam Themistocles, verens ne bellare perseveraret, certiorem eum fecit id agi, ut pons quem ille in Hellesponto fecerat dissolveretur ac reditu in Asiam excluderetur, idque ei persuasit", + "en": "5. Although the king lost that battle, he still had so many troops left that with them he might even then have overwhelmed the Greeks. A second time he was baffled by the same man; for Themistocles, fearing that Xerxes would continue the war, informed him that a plan was on foot to destroy the bridge which he had made over the Hellespont and thus cut off his return to Asia." + }, + { + "id": 14362, + "la": "Itaque qua sex mensibus iter fecerat, eadem minus diebus triginta in Asiam reversus est seque a Themistocle non superatum, sed conservatum iudicavit", + "en": "The king was convinced of the truth of the report, and so, while he had taken six months to make the journey,1 he returned to Asia over the same route in less than thirty days, convinced that he had not been conquered, but saved, by Themistocles." + }, + { + "id": 14363, + "la": "Sic unius viri prudentia Graecia liberata est Europaeque succubuit Asia Haec altera victoria, quae cum Marathonio possit comparari tropaeo Nam pari modo apud Salamina parvo numero navium maxima post hominum memoriam classis est devicta", + "en": "Thus through the cleverness of one man the liberty of Greece was assured and Asia succumbed to Europe. This is a second victory which may be matched with the triumph at Marathon; for at Salamis in like manner a small number of ships completely vanquished the greatest fleet within the memory of man." + }, + { + "id": 14364, + "la": "Magnus hoc bello Themistocles fuit neque minor in pace Cum enim Phalerico portu neque magno neque bono Athenienses uterentur, huius consilio triplex Piraei portus constitutus est iisque moenibus circumdatus ut ipsam urbem dignitate aequiperaret, utilitate superaret Idem muros Atheniensium restituit praecipuo suo periculo", + "en": "6. Themistocles showed greatness in that war and no less greatness when peace came. For while the Athenians were using the harbour of Phalerum, which was neither large nor good, through his advice the triple port of the Piraeus was constructed, and fortified with such strong walls that it equalled Athens herself in splendour and surpassed her in utility. Themistocles also rebuilt the walls of Athens at great personal risk." + }, + { + "id": 14365, + "la": "Namque Lacedaemonii, causam idoneam nacti propter barbarorum excursiones qua negarent oportere extra Peloponnesum ullam urbem muros habere, ne essent loca munita, quae hostes possiderent, Athenienses aedificantes prohibere sunt conati Hoc longe alio spectabat atque videri volebant", + "en": "For the Lacedaemonians, having found a specious reason in the invasions of the barbarians for saying that no city outside of the Peloponnesus ought to have walls, namely, that there might be no fortified places for the enemy to get into their hands, tried to interrupt the Athenians in their work. Their motive was not at all what they wished it to appear." + }, + { + "id": 14366, + "la": "Athenienses enim duabus victoriis, Marathonia et Salaminia, tantam gloriam apud omnes gentis erant consecuti, ut intellegerent Lacedaemonii de principatu sibi cum iis certamen fore Qua re eos quam infirmissimos esse volebant Postquam autem audierunt muros instrui, legatos Athenas miserunt, qui id fieri vetarent", + "en": "The fact was that the Athenians by their two victories at Marathon and Salamis had gained such prestige all over Greece that the Lacedaemonians knew that it was with them that they must contend for the hegemony.1 Therefore they wished the Athenians to be as weak as possible, and as soon as they learned that the walls were rising, they sent envoys to Athens, to put a stop to the work." + }, + { + "id": 14367, + "la": "His praesentibus desierunt ac se de ea re legatos ad eos missuros dixerunt Hanc legationem suscepit Themistocles et solus primo profectus est; reliqui legati ut tum exirent, cum satis alti tuendo muri exstructi viderentur, praecepit: interim omnes, servi atque liberi opus facerent neque ulli loco parcerent, sive sacer sive privatus esset sive publicus, et undique quod idoneum ad muniendum putarent congererent Quo factum est ut Atheniensium muri ex sacellis sepulcrisque constarent", + "en": "While the deputation was present, the Athenians desisted, saying that they would send envoys to Lacedaemon to discuss the matter. That mission Themistocles undertook and set out at first alone, giving orders that the rest of the envoys should not follow until the walls seemed to have risen high enough to defend: that in the meantime all, bond and free, should push the work, sparing no place, whether sacred or public or private,1 but getting together from every hand whatever they thought suitable for a fortification. That is the reason why the walls of Athens were made of shrines and tombs." + }, + { + "id": 14368, + "la": "Themistocles autem ut Lacedaemonem venit, adire ad magistratus noluit et dedit operam ut quam longissime tempus duceret, causam interponens se collegas exspectare Cum Lacedaemonii quererentur opus nihilo minus fieri eumque in ea re conari fallere, interim reliqui legati sunt consecuti A quibus cum audisset non multum superesse munitionis, ad ephoros Lacedaemoniorum accessit, penes quos summum erat imperium, atque apud eos contendit falsa iis esse delata: qua re aequum esse illos viros bonos nobilesque mittere quibus fides haberetur, qui rem explorarent;", + "en": "7. But when Themistocles came to Lacedaemon, he at first refused to appear before the magistrates, and did his best to gain as much time as possible, pretending that he was waiting for his colleagues. While the Lacedaemonians were protesting that the work was going on just the same, and that he was trying to deceive them about it, meanwhile the rest of the envoys arrived. When Themistocles heard from them that not much of the fortification remained unfinished, he went before the ephors of the Lacedaemonians, in whose hands was the supreme power, and declared in their presence that they had been misinformed: therefore it was just that they should send reliable men of high position, in whom they had confidence, to investigate the matter;" + }, + { + "id": 14369, + "la": "interea se obsidem retinerent Gestus est ei mos, tresque legati functi summis honoribus Athenas missi sunt Cum his collegas suos Themistocles iussit proficisci iisque praedixit ut ne prius Lacedaemoniorum legatos dimitterent quam ipse esset remissus", + "en": "in the meantime they might hold him as a hostage. His proposition was accepted, and three deputies, who had held the highest offices, were sent to Athens. Themistocles directed his colleagues to return with them and charged them not to allow the envoys of the Lacedaemonians to return, until he himself had been sent back." + }, + { + "id": 14370, + "la": "Hos postquam Athenas pervenisse ratus est, ad magistratum senatumque Lacedaemoniorum adiit et apud eos liberrime professus est Athenienses suo consilio, quod communi iure gentium facere possent, deos publicos suosque patrios ac Penates, quo facilius ab hoste possent defendere, muris saepsisse neque in eo quod inutile esset Graeciae fecisse", + "en": "As soon as he thought that the deputation had reached Athens, he appeared before the magistrates1 and the senate of the Lacedaemonians and confessed to them with the utmost frankness that the Athenians, by his advice, and taking advantage of the rights granted by the common law of nations, had encircled with walls the gods of all Greece, of their native city and of their homes, in order the more easily to defend them against the enemy; and that in so doing they had acted for the best interests of Greece." + }, + { + "id": 14371, + "la": "Nam illorum urbem ut propugnaculum oppositum esse barbaris, apud quam iam bis classes regias fecisse naufragium Lacedaemonios autem male et iniuste facere, qui id potius intuerentur quod ipsorum dominationi quam quod universae Graeciae utile esset Qua re, si suos legatos recipere vellent quos Athenas miserant, se remitterent; aliter illos numquam in patriam essent recepturi", + "en": "For their city, he said, was like an outpost in the path of the barbarians, and upon it the kings fleets had already twice suffered shipwreck. But the Lacedaemonians were acting wrongfully and unjustly in having in view rather what contributed to their own supremacy than to the welfare of Greece as a whole. Therefore, if they wished to recover their envoys which they had sent to Athens, they must let him go; otherwise they would never get them back again in their native land." + }, + { + "id": 14372, + "la": "Tamen non effugit civium suorum invidiam Namque ob eundem timorem quo damnatus erat Miltiades testularum suffragiis e civitate eiectus, Argos habitatum concessit", + "en": "8. In spite of all, Themistocles could not escape the distrust of his fellow-citizens; but because of the same feeling of apprehension that had led to the condemnation of Miltiades he was banished from the city by the shard-vote and went to live in Argos." + }, + { + "id": 14373, + "la": "Hic cum propter multas eius virtutes magna cum dignitate viveret, Lacedaemonii legatos Athenas miserunt, qui eum absentem accusarent, quod societatem cum rege Perse ad Graeciam opprimendam fecisset", + "en": "There because of his many accomplishments he lived in great distinction, until the Lacedaemonians sent envoys to Athens,3 to accuse him behind his back of having conspired with the king of Persia to enslave Greece." + }, + { + "id": 14374, + "la": "Hoc crimine absens proditionis damnatus est Id ut audivit, quod non satis tutum se Argis videbat, Corcyram demigravit Ibi cum cives principes animadvertisset timere ne propter se bellum iis Lacedaemonii et Athenienses indicerent, ad Admetum, Molossum regem, cum quo ei hospitium erat, confugit Huc cum venisset et in praesentia rex abesset, quo maiore religione se receptum tueretur, filiam eius parvulam adripuit et cum ea se in sacrarium quod summa colebatur caerimonia coniecit", + "en": "On this charge he was found guilty of high treason without a hearing. As soon as he learned of this, Themistocles decided that he was not sufficiently safe in Argos and withdrew to Corcyra. When he perceived that the leading citizens of that place were fearful that the Lacedaemonians and Athenians would declare war upon them because of his presence, he took refuge with Admetus, king of the Molossians, with whom he had relations of guest-friendship.1 Having arrived there when Admetus was away from home, in order that his host might be under the greater obligation to receive and protect him he caught up the kings little daughter2 and hastened with her into the household shrine, which was regarded with the greatest veneration;" + }, + { + "id": 14375, + "la": "Inde non prius egressus est, quam rex eum data dextra in fidem reciperet, quam praestitit Nam cum ab Atheniensibus et Lacedaemoniis exposceretur publice, supplicem non prodidit monuitque ut consuleret sibi: difficile enim esse in tam propinquo loco tuto eum versari Itaque Pydnam eum deduci iussit et quod satis esset praesidii dedit", + "en": "and he would not come out again until the king gave him his right hand and received him under his protection. And Admetus kept his promise; for when the Athenians and Lacedaemonians made an official demand for Themistocles, Admetus did not surrender the suppliant; he advised him, however, to take measures to protect himself, saying that it would be difficult for him to remain in safety in a place so near to Greece. Accordingly, the king had him taken to Pydna, giving him such escort as he deemed sufficient." + }, + { + "id": 14376, + "la": "Hic in navem omnibus ignotus nautis escendit Quae cum tempestate maxima Naxum ferretur, ubi tum Atheniensium erat exercitus, sensit Themistocles, si eo pervenisset, sibi esse pereundum Hac necessitate coactus domino navis quis sit aperit, multa pollicens, si se conservasset", + "en": "There Themistocles embarked on a ship without being known to any of the crew. When the vessel was driven by a violent storm towards Naxos, where the Athenian army was at the time, Themistocles understood that if he landed there he was lost. Therefore of necessity he made himself known to the captain of the ship, adding many promises if he would save his life." + }, + { + "id": 14377, + "la": "At ille clarissimi viri captus misericordia, diem noctemque procul ab insula in salo navem tenuit in ancoris neque quemquam ex ea exire passus est Inde Ephesum pervenit ibique Themistoclen exponit Cui ille pro meritis postea gratiam rettulit", + "en": "The sailor, filled with pity for so distinguished a man, for a day and a night kept his ship at anchor out at sea far off from the island, and would not allow anyone to leave her. Then he went on to Ephesus and there landed Themistocles, who afterwards requited him for his services" + }, + { + "id": 14378, + "la": "Scio plerosque ita scripsisse, Themistoclen Xerxe regnante in Asiam transisse Sed ego potissimum Thucydidi credo, quod aetate proximus de iis qui illorum temporum historiam reliquerunt, et eiusdem civitatis fuit Is autem ait ad Artaxerxen eum venisse atque his verbis epistulam misisse:", + "en": "9. I am aware that many have written that Themistocles passed over into Asia during the reign of Xerxes, but I prefer to believe Thucydides, because among the writers who have left a history of those times he was most nearly contemporary with Themistocles, besides being a native of the same city. Now he says1 that it was to Artaxerxes that Themistocles came, and that he sent a letter to the king in the following words:" + }, + { + "id": 14379, + "la": "Themistocles veni ad te, qui plurima mala omnium Graiorum in domum tuam intuli, quam diu mihi necesse fuit adversum patrem tuum bellare patriamque meam defendere", + "en": "I, Themistocles, have come to you, the man of all the Greeks who brought the most ills upon your house, so long as it was necessary for me to war against your father and defend my native land." + }, + { + "id": 14380, + "la": "Idem multo plura bona feci, postquam in tuto ipse et ille in periculo esse coepit; nam cum in Asiam reverti vellet, proelio apud Salamina facto, litteris eum certiorem feci id agi, ut pons quem in Hellesponto fecerat dissolveretur atque ab hostibus circumiretur; quo nuntio ille periculo est liberatus", + "en": "But I also did him many more favours, so soon as I began to find myself in safety and he was in danger. For when he wished to return to Asia after having fought the battle at Salamis, I informed him by letter of the enemys plot to destroy the bridge which he had made over the Hellespont and to cut off his retreat; and it was that message which saved him from danger." + }, + { + "id": 14381, + "la": "Nunc autem confugi ad te, exagitatus a cuncta Graecia, tuam petens amicitiam; quam si ero adeptus, non minus me bonum amicum habebis, quam fortem inimicum ille expertus est Te autem rogo, ut de iis rebus, quas tecum conloqui volo, annuum mihi tempus des eoque transacto ad te venire patiaris.", + "en": "But now I have sought refuge with you, hounded as I am by all Greece, seeking your friendship; if I obtain it, you will have in me as good a friend as I was a courageous foeman of Xerxes. But with regard to the matters about which I wish to confer with you, I ask you to allow me a years delay and let me come to you at the end of that time." + }, + { + "id": 14382, + "la": "Huius rex animi magnitudinem admirans cupiensque talem virum sibi conciliari, veniam dedit Ille omne illud tempus litteris sermonique Persarum se dedidit; quibus adeo eruditus est, ut multo commodius dicatur apud regem verba fecisse quam ii poterant qui in Perside erant nati Hic cum multa regi esset pollicitus gratissimumque illud, si suis uti consiliis vellet, illum Graeciam bello oppressurum, magnis muneribus ab Artaxerxe donatus, in Asiam rediit domiciliumque Magnesiae sibi constituit", + "en": "10. The king, admiring his high spirit, and eager to win the friendship of such a man, granted his request. Themistocles devoted all that time to the literature and language of the Persians, in which he became so well versed that he is said to have spoken in much better style before the king than those could who were natives of Persia.1 Themistocles made many promises to the king, of which the most welcome was, that if Artaxerxes would consent to follow his advice, the kings arms would subjugate Greece. Then, after receiving many presents from the monarch, he returned to Asia and took up his residence at Magnesia;" + }, + { + "id": 14383, + "la": "Namque hanc urbem ei rex donarat, his quidem verbis, quae ei panem praeberet'ex qua regione quinquaginta talenta quotannis redibant'Lampsacum autem, unde vinum sumeret, Myunta, ex qua obsonium haberet", + "en": "for the king had given him that city, with the remark that it would furnish him with bread (the annual revenue of the district was five hundred talents), also Lampsacus, to supply him with wine, and Myus, to furnish the rest of his fare." + }, + { + "id": 14384, + "la": "Huius ad nostram memoriam monumenta manserunt duo: sepulcrum prope oppidum, in quo est sepultus, statua in foro Magnesiae", + "en": "Two memorials of this man have endured to our own day: his tomb near the town in which he was buried, and his statue in the Forum at Magnesia." + }, + { + "id": 14385, + "la": "De cuius morte multimodis apud plerosque scriptum est, sed nos eundem potissimum Thucydidem auctorem probamus, qui illum ait Magnesiae morbo mortuum neque negat fuisse famam, venenum sua sponte sumpsisse, cum se quae regi de Graecia opprimenda pollicitus esset praestare posse desperaret", + "en": "Of his death many different accounts are given by numerous writers, but once more I prefer to accept the testimony of Thucydides. That historian says that Themistocles died a natural death at Magnesia, admitting, however, that there was a report that he had poisoned himself, because he despaired of being able to keep his promises to the king with regard to the subjugation of Greece." + }, + { + "id": 14386, + "la": "Idem ossa eius clam in Attica ab amicis sepulta, quoniam legibus non concederetur, quod proditionis esset damnatus, memoriae prodidit", + "en": "Thucydides has also stated that Themistocles bones were buried in Attica by his friends secretly, since his interment there was contrary to law, because he had been found guilty of treason." + }, + { + "id": 14387, + "la": "Thrasybulus, Lyci filius, Atheniensis Si per se virtus sine fortuna ponderanda sit, dubito an hunc primum omnium ponam; illud sine dubio: neminem huic praefero fide, constantia, magnitudine animi, in patriam amore", + "en": "Thrasybulus, the Athenian, son of Lycus. If merit were to be estimated absolutely, without reference to fortune, I rather think that I should rank this man first of all. Thus much is certain: I put no one above him in sense of honour, in steadfastness, in greatness of soul and in love of country." + }, + { + "id": 14388, + "la": "Nam quod multi voluerunt paucique potuerunt ab uno tyranno patriam liberare, huic contigit ut a triginta oppressam tyrannis e servitute in libertatem vindicaret", + "en": "For while many have wished, and a few have been able, to free their country from a single tyrant, it was his good fortune to restore his native land from slavery to freedom when it was under the heel of thirty tyrants." + }, + { + "id": 14389, + "la": "Sed nescio quo modo, cum eum nemo anteiret his virtutibus, multi nobilitate praecucurrerunt Primum Peloponnesio bello multa hic sine Alcibiade gessit, ille nullam rem sine hoc; quae ille universa naturali quodam bono fecit lucri", + "en": "But somehow or other, while no one surpassed him in the virtues that I have named, many men have outstripped him in renown. To begin with, in the Peloponnesian war he often won victories without the aid of Alcibiades, the latter never without his help; but Alcibiades by some innate gift gained the credit for everything." + }, + { + "id": 14390, + "la": "Sed illa tamen omnia communia imperatoribus cum militibus et fortuna, quod in proelii concursu abit res a consilio ad vices vimque pugnantium Itaque iure suo nonnulla ab imperatore miles, plurima vero fortuna vindicat seque hic plus valuisse quam ducis prudentiam vere potest praedicare", + "en": "But after all, commanders share every such success with their soldiers and with Fortune, since after battle has been joined, the issue depends rather on the luck and the fighting spirit of the soldiers than on skill. Hence the soldier justly claims some share in his commanders glory, and Fortune, a large share; in fact, she can fairly boast that more was due to her in such cases than to the commanders ability." + }, + { + "id": 14391, + "la": "Quare illud magnificentissimum factum proprium est Thrasybuli; nam cum triginta tyranni praepositi a Lacedaemoniis servitute oppressas tenerent Athenas, plurimos civis, quibus in bello parserat fortuna, partim patria expulissent partim interfecissent, plurimorum bona publicata inter se divisissent, non solum princeps, sed etiam solus initio, bellum iis indixit", + "en": "That is why the glorious deed of which I am going to speak belongs wholly to Thrasybulus. Thirty tyrants, appointed by the Lacedaemonians, held Athens in a condition of slavery. Of the citizens whom fate had spared during the war, they had driven a great many from their native land or put them to death; of many they had confiscated and shared the property. Thrasybulus was not only the first to make war upon them, but in the beginning he was the only one." + }, + { + "id": 14392, + "la": "Hic enim cum Phylen confugisset, quod est castellum in Attica munitissimum, non plus habuit secum triginta de suis Hoc initium fuit salutis Atticorum, hoc robur libertatis clarissimae civitatis", + "en": "Now, when he had taken refuge in Phyle, which is a well-fortified stronghold in Attica, he had with him not more than thirty followers. This was the cradle of salvation for the people of Attica, this was the citadel of the liberty of a glorious state." + }, + { + "id": 14393, + "la": "Neque vero hic non contemptus est primo a tyrannis atque eius solitudo Quae quidem res et illis contemnentibus perniciei et huic despecto saluti fuit; haec enim illos segnes ad persequendum, hos autem, tempore ad comparandum dato, fecit robustiores", + "en": "In fact, Thrasybulus was at first an object of contempt to the tyrants, as well as his handful of followers; and it was that very fact that proved the ruin of those who scorned him and won the safety of the object of their contempt; for it made his enemies slow to attack and strengthened his forces by giving them time for preparation." + }, + { + "id": 14394, + "la": "Quo magis praeceptum illud omnium in animis esse debet, nihil in bello oportere contemni neque sine causa dici matrem timidi flere non solere Neque tamen pro opinione Thrasybuli auctae sunt opes; nam iam tum illis temporibus fortius boni pro libertate loquebantur quam pugnabant", + "en": "From this it follows that all men ought to bear in mind this thought, that in war nothing should be scorned, and that it is a true saying that the mother of one who knows what fear is seldom has cause to weep. And yet Thrasybulus forces did not grow so rapidly as he hoped, for even then in those days good citizens were readier to speak for liberty than to fight for it." + }, + { + "id": 14395, + "la": "Hinc in Piraeum transiit Munychiamque munivit Hanc bis tyranni oppugnare sunt adorti, ab eaque turpiter repulsi, protinus in urbem, armis impedimentisque amissis, refugerunt", + "en": "From Phyle he went to the Piraeus and fortified Munychia. That place the tyrants twice tried to take, but they suffered an ignominious repulse and at once fled to the city with the loss of their arms and baggage." + }, + { + "id": 14396, + "la": "Usus est Thrasybulus non minus prudentia quam fortitudine; nam cedentes violari vetuit'cives enim civibus parcere aequum censebat'neque quisquam est vulneratus nisi qui prior impugnare voluit Neminem iacentem veste spoliavit, nil attigit nisi arma quorum indigebat, quaeque ad victum pertinebant", + "en": "Thrasybulus showed no less judgment than courage; for he forbade injuring those who had surrendered (he thought it right for citizen to spare citizen), and no one was wounded who did not strike the first blow. He stripped no dead body of its clothing, touched nothing save the arms which he needed, and whatever could be made use of as food." + }, + { + "id": 14397, + "la": "In secundo proelio cecidit Critias, dux tyrannorum, cum quidem adversus Thrasybulum fortissime pugnaret", + "en": "In a second battle Critias fell, chief of the tyrants, and that, too, just as he was fighting most valiantly, face to face with Thrasybulus." + }, + { + "id": 14398, + "la": "Hoc deiecto Pausanias venit Atticis auxilio, rex Lacedaemoniorum Is inter Thrasybulum et eos qui urbem tenebant fecit pacem his condicionibus: ne qui praeter triginta tyrannos et decem, qui postea praetores creati superioris more crudelitatis erant usi, adficerentur exsilio neve bona publicarentur; rei publicae procuratio populo redderetur", + "en": "When Critias had fallen, Pausanias, king of the Lacedaemonians, came to the aid of the Athenians. He concluded a peace between Thrasybulus and the occupants of the city on the following terms: that except for the thirty tyrants and ten others who had been put in power later and had shown the same cruelty as their predecessors, no one should be punished with exile or confiscation of property; and that the administration of the government should be restored to the people." + }, + { + "id": 14399, + "la": "Praeclarum hoc quoque Thrasybuli, quod reconciliata pace, cum plurimum in civitate posset, legem tulit ne quis ante actarum rerum accusaretur neve multaretur, eamque illi oblivionis appellarunt", + "en": "Another noble action of Thrasybulus was this: when peace was made and he held the chief power at Athens, he proposed a law providing that with reference to what had been done in the past no one should be accused or punished; and they called that law the law of amnesty." + }, + { + "id": 14400, + "la": "Huic pro tantis meritis honoris corona a populo data est, facta duabus virgulis oleaginis; quam quod amor civium et non vis expresserat, nullam habuit invidiam magnaque fuit gloria", + "en": "In recognition of these great services he was presented by the people with an honorary crown made of two olive-branches. And since that crown was a token of the love of his fellow-citizens and was not wrung from them by force, it excited no envy, but brought him great glory." + }, + { + "id": 14401, + "la": "Neque vero hanc tantum ferendam curavit, sed etiam ut valeret effecit Nam cum quidam ex iis qui simul cum eo in exsilio fuerant caedem facere eorum vellent cum quibus in gratiam reditum erat publice, prohibuit et id quod pollicitus erat praestitit", + "en": "And he not only saw to it that the law was passed, but also that it was enforced; for whenever anyone of those who had been in exile with him wished to put to death those who had been officially pardoned, he prevented it and remained true to what he had promised." + }, + { + "id": 14402, + "la": "Bene ergo Pittacus ille, qui in septem sapientum numero est habitus, cum Mytilenaei multa milia iugerum agri ei muneri darent, Nolite, oro vos, inquit, id mihi dare, quod multi invideant, plures etiam concupiscant Qua re ex istis nolo amplius quam centum iugera, quae et meam animi aequitatem et vestram voluntatem indicent; nam parva munera diutina, locupletia non propria esse consuerunt", + "en": "For Pittacus, who was numbered among the Seven Sages, well said, when the people of Mytilene wished to make him a present of many thousand acres of land: Do not, I beg of you, give me a gift that may excite the jealousy of many and the cupidity of still more. But out of what you offer I desire no more than one hundred acres, which will be a token of my moderation and your good-will. And indeed, as a rule, small gifts are lasting, lavish ones are not permanent." + }, + { + "id": 14403, + "la": "Illa igitur corona contentus, Thrasybulus neque amplius requisivit neque quemquam honore se antecessisse existimavit", + "en": "So with that crown Thrasybulus was content; he asked for nothing more, and he thought that no one was more highly honoured than he." + }, + { + "id": 14404, + "la": "Hic sequenti tempore, cum praetor classem ad Ciliciam appulisset neque satis diligenter in castris eius agerentur vigiliae, a barbaris, ex oppido noctu eruptione facta, in tabernaculo interfectus est", + "en": "At a later time, as commander of a fleet, he landed in Cilicia; there his camp was not guarded with sufficient care, and when the barbarians had made a sortie by night from one of their towns, he was killed in his tent" + }, + { + "id": 14405, + "la": "Timoleon Corinthius Sine dubio magnus omnium iudicio hic vir exstitit Namque huic uni contigit, quod nescio an nulli, ut et patriam in qua erat natus, oppressam a tyranno liberaret, et a Syracusanis, quibus auxilio erat missus, iam inveteratam servitutem depelleret totamque Siciliam, multos annos bello vexatam a barbarisque oppressam, suo adventu in pristinum restitueret", + "en": "Timoleon, the Corinthian. Without doubt this man has shown himself great in the estimation of all. For he alone had the good fortune, which I am inclined to think fell to the lot of no one else, to free the land of his birth from a tyrants oppression, to rescue the Syracusans, whom he had been sent to help, from long-continued slavery, and by his mere arrival to restore all Sicily to its former condition, after it had for many years been harassed by wars and subject to barbarians." + }, + { + "id": 14406, + "la": "Sed in his rebus non simplici fortuna conflictatus est et, id quod difficilius putatur, multo sapientius tulit secundam quam adversam fortunam", + "en": "But in the course of these events he had to struggle with varied fortune, and he did what is regarded as especially difficult, that is, showed himself far wiser in prosperity than in adversity." + }, + { + "id": 14407, + "la": "Nam cum frater eius Timophanes, dux a Corinthiis delectus, tyrannidem per milites mercennarios occupasset particepsque regni ipse posset esse, tantum afuit a societate sceleris, ut antetulerit civium suorum libertatem fratris saluti et parere legibus quam imperare patriae satius duxerit", + "en": "For when his brother Timophanes, who had been chosen general by the Corinthians, made himself tyrant with the aid of mercenary troops, although Timoleon might have shared in his power, so far was he from participating in the crime, that he valued the liberty of his fellow-citizens above his brothers life and considered obedience to its laws preferable to ruling over his country." + }, + { + "id": 14408, + "la": "Hac mente per haruspicem communemque adfinem, cui soror ex iisdem parentibus nata nupta erat, fratrem tyrannum interficiundum curavit Ipse non modo manus non attulit, sed ne aspicere quidem fraternum sanguinem voluit Nam dum res conficeretur, procul in praesidio fuit, ne quis satelles posset succurrere", + "en": "Owing to that feeling, through the aid of a soothsayer and of a relative by marriage, the husband of their own sister, he caused the death of the tyrant, his own brother. He himself not only did not lay hands upon him, but he did not wish even to look upon his brothers blood; for while the deed was being done he was some distance away, keeping guard to prevent any palace guard from coming to the tyrants aid." + }, + { + "id": 14409, + "la": "Hoc praeclarissimum eius factum non pari modo probatum est ab omnibus; nonnulli enim laesam ab eo pietatem putabant et invidia laudem virtutis obterebant", + "en": "This glorious deed of his did not meet with equal approval from all; for some thought that he had been false to fraternal loyalty and through jealousy disparaged the glory of his exploit." + }, + { + "id": 14410, + "la": "Mater vero post id factum neque domum ad se filium admisit neque aspexit quin eum fratricidam impiumque detestans compellaret", + "en": "As for his mother, after that act she would not admit her son to her presence, and she never saw him without calling him an impious fratricide and cursing him." + }, + { + "id": 14411, + "la": "Quibus rebus ille adeo est commotus, ut nonnumquam vitae finem facere voluerit atque ex ingratorum hominum conspectu morte decedere", + "en": "This treatment so affected Timoleon that he sometimes thought of ending his life, and, since men were ungrateful, of leaving their presence by death." + }, + { + "id": 14412, + "la": "Interim Dione Syracusis interfecto, Dionysius rursus Syracusarum potitus est Cuius adversarii opem a Corinthiis petierunt ducemque quo in bello uterentur postularunt Huc Timoleon missus, incredibili felicitate Dionysium tota Sicilia depulit", + "en": "In the meantime Dion had been killed at Syracuse and Dionysius had again gained possession of the city. His opponents sought aid from Corinth and asked for a leader to conduct the war. Timoleon was sent to them and with incredible good fortune drove Dionysius from all Sicily." + }, + { + "id": 14413, + "la": "Cum interficere posset, noluit tutoque ut Corinthum perveniret effecit, quod utrorumque Dionysiorum opibus Corinthii saepe adiuti fuerant, cuius benignitatis memoriam volebat exstare, eamque praeclaram victoriam ducebat in qua plus esset clementiae quam crudelitatis; postremo ut non solum auribus acciperetur, sed etiam oculis cerneretur quem et ex quanto regno ad quam fortunam detulisset", + "en": "Although he might have put the tyrant to death, he did not choose to do so, but enabled him to reach Corinth in safety; for the Corinthians had often been aided by the power of the two Dionysii, and he wished the memory of that kindness to endure; moreover, he considered that the most glorious victory was one which was marked by greater mercy than cruelty. Finally, he wished men, not only to hear, but to see with their own eyes, what a tyrant he had overcome and from what great power to how humble a fortune he had reduced him." + }, + { + "id": 14414, + "la": "Post Dionysii decessum cum Hiceta bellavit, qui adversatus erat Dionysio; quem non odio tyrannidis dissensisse, sed cupiditate indicio fuit quod ipse, expulso Dionysio, imperium dimittere noluit", + "en": "After the departure of Dionysius, Timoleon made war upon Hicetas, who had been the tyrants opponent; but that his hostility to Dionysius was due rather to ambition than to hatred of tyranny was shown by the fact that after the tyrant was driven from his throne, Hicetas refused to renounce the supreme power." + }, + { + "id": 14415, + "la": "Hoc superato, Timoleon maximas copias Karthaginiensium apud Crinissum flumen fugavit ac satis habere coegit si liceret Africam obtinere, qui iam complures annos possessionem Siciliae tenebant", + "en": "After overcoming Hicetas, Timoleon routed a huge force of Carthaginians at the river Crinissus and compelled them to be satisfied with being allowed to possess Africa, after they had for many years been masters of Sicily." + }, + { + "id": 14416, + "la": "Cepit etiam Mamercum, Italicum ducem, hominem bellicosum et potentem, qui tyrannos adiutum in Siciliam venerat", + "en": "He also made a prisoner of an Italian general called Mamercus, a warlike and powerful man, who had come to Sicily to aid the tyrants." + }, + { + "id": 14417, + "la": "Quibus rebus confectis, cum propter diuturnitatem belli non solum regiones, sed etiam urbes desertas videret, conquisivit quos potuit primum Siculos, dein Corintho arcessivit colonos, quod ab iis initio Syracusae erant conditae", + "en": "After these exploits, seeing that because of the long duration of the war not only the country districts but also the cities were deserted, he first hunted up what Sicilians he could and then summoned settlers from Corinth, because in the beginning Corinthians had founded Syracuse." + }, + { + "id": 14418, + "la": "Civibus veteribus sua restituit, novis bello vacuefactas possessiones divisit, urbium moenia disiecta fanaque deserta refecit, civitatibus leges libertatemque reddidit; ex maximo bello tantum otium totae insulae conciliavit, ut hic conditor urbium earum, non illi qui initio deduxerant, videretur", + "en": "To the former citizens he restored their property, to the new ones he distributed the estates that had become vacant as the result of war; he repaired the shattered walls of the cities and the deserted temples, and restored to the states their laws and liberty; after a terrible war he won such complete peace for the whole island, that he was regarded as the founder of those cities rather than the men who had first established the colonies." + }, + { + "id": 14419, + "la": "Arcem Syracusis, quam munierat Dionysius ad urbem obsidendam, a fundamentis disiecit, cetera tyrannidis propugnacula demolitus est deditque operam, ut quam minime multa vestigia servitutis manerent", + "en": "The citadel of Syracuse, which Dionysius had fortified as a menace to the city, he destroyed from its foundations; the other strongholds of the tyranny he demolished, taking care that the fewest possible traces of slavery should survive." + }, + { + "id": 14420, + "la": "Cum tantis esset opibus, ut etiam invitis imperare posset, tantum autem amorem haberet omnium Siculorum, ut nullo recusante regnum obtinere, maluit se diligi quam metui Itaque, cum primum potuit, imperium deposuit ac privatus Syracusis, quod reliquum vitae fuit, vixit", + "en": "Although Timoleons power was so great that he might have ruled his fellow-citizens even against their will, and although he possessed the affection of all the Sicilians to such a degree that he might have mounted the throne without opposition, he preferred to be loved rather than feared. Therefore, as soon as he could, he laid down his office and lived the rest of his life as a private citizen of Syracuse." + }, + { + "id": 14421, + "la": "Neque vero id imperite fecit; nam quod ceteri reges imperio potuerunt, hic benevolentia tenuit Nullus honos huic defuit, neque postea res ulla Syracusis gesta est publice, de qua prius sit decretum quam Timoleontis sententia cognita", + "en": "And, indeed, he acted wisely in so doing; for the authority which others enjoyed by becoming kings he gained through good-will. There was no office that was not conferred upon him, and after that time no public action was taken at Syracuse without first learning what Timoleon thought about it." + }, + { + "id": 14422, + "la": "Nullius umquam consilium non modo antelatum, sed ne comparatum quidem est Neque id magis benevolentia factum est quam prudentia", + "en": "Not only was no ones advice never preferred to his, but no one elses was ever even considered. And that was due less to good-will than to discretion." + }, + { + "id": 14423, + "la": "Hic cum aetate iam provectus esset, sine ullo morbo lumina oculorum amisit Quam calamitatem ita moderate tulit, ut neque eum querentem quisquam audierit neque eo minus privatis publicisque rebus interfuerit", + "en": "When he was already advanced in years, without suffering any disease he lost the sight of his eyes. This affliction he endured with such patience that no one ever heard him complain, nor did he because of it cease to busy himself with private and public affairs." + }, + { + "id": 14424, + "la": "Veniebat autem in theatrum, cum ibi concilium populi haberetur, propter valetudinem vectus iumentis iunctis, atque ita de vehiculo quae videbantur dicebat Neque hoc illi quisquam tribuebat superbiae; nihil enim umquam neque insolens neque gloriosum ex ore eius exiit", + "en": "Moreover, he came to the theatre, when the assembly of the people was held there, riding behind a pair of mules because of his infirmity, and gave his opinion without leaving his carriage. And no one regarded this as arrogance on his part; for nothing either arrogant or boastful ever passed his lips." + }, + { + "id": 14425, + "la": "Qui quidem, cum suas laudes audiret praedicari, numquam aliud dixit quam se in ea re maxime dis agere gratias atque habere, quod, cum Siciliam recreare constituissent, tum se potissimum ducem esse voluissent", + "en": "In fact, when he heard his praises sounded, he never said but one thing, namely, that the main reason why he was particularly thankful to the gods and felt most grateful to them was this, that when they had resolved to restore Sicily, they had chosen him in preference to all others to be their instrument." + }, + { + "id": 14426, + "la": "Nihil enim rerum humanarum sine deorum numine geri putabat; itaque suae domi sacellum Automatias constituerat idque sanctissime colebat", + "en": "For he believed that nothing in human affairs happened without the design of the gods; and for that reason he had established in his house a shrine of Fortune, which he venerated most religiously." + }, + { + "id": 14427, + "la": "Ad hanc hominis excellentem bonitatem mirabiles accesserant casus; nam proelia maxima natali suo die fecit omnia, quo factum est ut eius diem natalem festum haberet universa Sicilia", + "en": "To this surpassing goodness of the man were added remarkable instances of good luck. Thus he fought his most important battles without exception on his birthday, and in consequence all Sicily celebrated that day as a public festival." + }, + { + "id": 14428, + "la": "Huic quidam Laphystius, homo petulans et ingratus, vadimonium cum vellet imponere, quod cum illo se lege agere diceret, et complures concurrissent, qui procacitatem hominis manibus coercere conarentur, Timoleon oravit omnes ne id facerent Namque id ut Laphystio et cuivis liceret, se maximos labores summaque adiisse pericula Hanc enim speciem libertatis esse, si omnibus, quod quisque vellet, legibus experiri liceret", + "en": "Once when a certain Laphystius, a quarrelsome and ungrateful fellow, wished to issue a summons against him, saying that he desired to go to law with him, many citizens had come together and were attempting to check the mans effrontery by force; but Timoleon begged them all to desist, saying that this was just the reason why he had undergone great toil and extreme danger, in order that Laphystius, or anyone else, might be allowed to do just that thing. For that was the ideal of liberty, when all were allowed to resort to law for any purpose that anyone wished." + }, + { + "id": 14429, + "la": "Idem, cum quidam Laphystii similis, nomine Demaenetus, in contione populi de rebus gestis eius detrahere coepisset ac nonnulla inveheretur in Timoleonta, dixit nunc demum se voti esse damnatum; namque hoc a dis immortalibus semper precatum, ut talem libertatem restitueret Syracusanis in qua cuivis liceret de quo vellet quod vellet impune dicere", + "en": "Again, when a man like Laphystius, Demaenetus by name, in an assembly of the people had begun to disparage Timoleons acts and made some attacks upon him, he declared that at last his vow was fulfilled; for he had always prayed the immortal gods to restore such liberty to the Syracusans that anyone might be allowed with impunity to say what he wished on any subject he wished." + }, + { + "id": 14430, + "la": "Hic cum diem supremum obisset, publice a Syracusanis in gymnasio quod Timoleonteum appellatur, tota celebrante Sicilia, sepultus est", + "en": "When he ended his life, he was buried at public expense by the Syracusans in the gymnasium called Timoleonteum, and all Sicily attended his funeral." + }, + { + "id": 14431, + "la": "Timotheus, Cononis filius, Atheniensis Hic a patre acceptam gloriam multis auxit virtutibus; fuit enim disertus, impiger, laboriosus, rei militaris peritus neque minus civitatis regendae", + "en": "Timotheus, the Athenian, son of Conon. This man increased by his many accomplishments the glory which he had inherited from his father; for he was eloquent, energetic and industrious; he was skilled in the art of war and equally so in statesmanship." + }, + { + "id": 14432, + "la": "Multa huius sunt praeclare facta, sed haec maxime illustria Olynthios et Byzantios bello subegit Samum cepit; in quo oppugnando superiore bello Athenienses mille et ducenta talenta consumpserant, id ille sine ulla publica impensa populo restituit", + "en": "Many are his illustrious deeds, but the following are the most celebrated; his arms were victorious over the Olynthians and the Byzantines; he took Samos, and although in a former war the Athenians had spent twelve hundred talents in the siege of that town, he restored it to the people without any expense to the state." + }, + { + "id": 14433, + "la": "Adversus Cotum bella gessit ab eoque mille et ducenta talenta praedae in publicum rettulit", + "en": "He waged war against Cotus and gained booty to the value of twelve hundred talents, which he paid into the public treasury." + }, + { + "id": 14434, + "la": "Cyzicum obsidione liberavit Ariobarzani simul cum Agesilao auxilio profectus est, a quo cum Laco pecuniam numeratam accepisset, ille cives suos agro atque urbibus augeri maluit quam id sumere cuius partem domum suam ferre posset", + "en": "He freed Gyzicus from a blockade. With Agesilaus he went to the aid of Ariobarzanes, and while the Laconian accepted a cash payment for his services, of which he could bear a part home with him." + }, + { + "id": 14435, + "la": "Itaque accepit Crithoten et Sestum", + "en": "Accordingly, he was given Crithote and Sestus." + }, + { + "id": 14436, + "la": "Idem classi praefectus circumvehens Peloponnesum, Laconicen populatus, classem eorum fugavit, Corcyram sub imperium Atheniensium redegit sociosque idem adiunxit Epirotas, Athamanas, Chaonas omnesque eas gentes, quae mare illud adiacent", + "en": "Again put in command of the fleet, he sailed round the Peloponnesus and pillaged the land of the Laconians, put their fleet to flight, and brought Corcyra under the sway of Athens; he also joined to Athens as allies the Epirotes, Athamanes, Chaones, and all the peoples bordering on that part of the sea." + }, + { + "id": 14437, + "la": "Quo facto Lacedaemonii de diutina contentione destiterunt et sua sponte Atheniensibus imperii maritimi principatum concesserunt, pacemque his legibus constituerunt, ut Athenienses mari duces essent Quae victoria tantae fuit Atticis laetitiae, ut tum primum arae Paci publice sint factae eique deae pulvinar sitinstitutum", + "en": "Thereupon the Lacedaemonians gave up a long-continued contest, and voluntarily yielded to the Athenians the first place in maritime power, making peace on terms which acknowledged the supremacy of Athens on the sea. That victory filled the people of Attica with such great joy that then for the first time an altar was publicly consecrated to Peace and a feast established in her honour." + }, + { + "id": 14438, + "la": "Cuius laudis ut memoria maneret, Timotheo publice statuam in foro posuerunt Qui honos huic uni ante id tempus contigit, ut, cum patri populus statuam posuisset, filio quoque daret Sic iuxta posita recens filii veterem patris renovavit memoriam", + "en": "In order to perpetuate the memory of so glorious a deed, the Athenians set up a statue of Timotheus in the agora, at the cost of the state. This was an honour which had fallen to him alone of all men up to that time, namely, that when the state had erected a statue to a father, a son received the same tribute. Thus the new statue of the son, placed beside that of the father, revived the memory of the latter, which had now grown old." + }, + { + "id": 14439, + "la": "Hic cum esset magno natu et magistratus gerere desisset, bello Athenienses undique premi sunt coepti Defecerat Samus, descierat Hellespontus, Philippus iam tum valens, Macedo, multa moliebatur; cui oppositus Chares cum esset, non satis in eo praesidii putabatur", + "en": "When Timotheus was advanced in years and had ceased to hold office, war began to threaten the Athenians from every quarter: Samos had revolted, the Hellespont had seceded,3 Philip of Macedon, who was even then powerful, was making many plots. Against the last-named Chares4 had been sent, but was not thought capable of defending the country." + }, + { + "id": 14440, + "la": "Fit Menestheus praetor, filius Iphicratis, gener Timothei, et ut ad bellum proficiscatur decernitur Huic in consilium dantur duo, usu sapientiaque praestantes, pater et socer, quod in his tanta erat auctoritas, ut magna spes esset per eos amissa posse recuperari", + "en": "Menestheus, son of Iphicrates and son-in-law of Timotheus, was made general, and it was decided that he should undertake that war. He was given as advisers two men eminent for their experience and wisdom, his father and his father-in-law, since they had such high standing as to inspire strong hopes that through them what had been lost might be recovered." + }, + { + "id": 14441, + "la": "Hi cum Samum profecti essent et eodem Chares, illorum adventu cognito, cum suis copiis proficisceretur, ne quid absente se gestum videretur, accidit, cum ad insulam appropinquarent, ut magna tempestas oriretur; quam evitare duo veteres imperatores utile arbitrati, suam classem suppresserunt", + "en": "The three then sailed for Samos, and Chares, who had been advised of their coming, went with his forces to the same place, in order that nothing might seem to have been done without his presence. As they were drawing near to the island, it chanced that a great storm arose, and the two old generals, thinking it best to avoid it, anchored their fleet." + }, + { + "id": 14442, + "la": "At ille temeraria usus ratione non cessit maiorum natu auctoritati, velut in sua manu esset fortuna Quo contenderat pervenit, eodemque ut sequerentur ad Timotheum et Iphicraten nuntium misit", + "en": "But Chares, adopting a bold course, did not heed the advice of his elders, believing that he was the master of fortune. He arrived at his destination, and sent word to Timotheus and Iphicrates to join him." + }, + { + "id": 14443, + "la": "Hinc male re gesta, compluribus amissis navibus, eo unde erat profectus se recepit litterasque Athenas publice misit, sibi proclive fuisse Samum capere, nisi a Timotheo et Iphicrate desertus esset", + "en": "Then, having suffered defeat and lost a number of his ships, he returned to the place from which he had set out and sent an official report to Athens, alleging that he could easily have taken Samos if he had not been left in the lurch by Timotheus and Iphicrates." + }, + { + "id": 14444, + "la": "Populus acer, suspicax ob eamque rem mobilis, adversarius invidus'etiam potentiae in crimen vocabantur'domum revocat; accusantur proditionis Hoc iudicio damnatur Timotheus lisque eius aestimatur centum talentis Ille odio ingratae civitatis coactus, Chalcidem se contulit", + "en": "The Athenians, being impulsive, distrustful and therefore changeable, hostile and envious (moreover, the men who were accused were powerful), summoned them all back home. They were cited to appear in court and accused of treason. Timotheus was found guilty and his fine was fixed at one hundred talents. Whereupon, driven by indignation at his countrys ingratitude, he withdrew to Chalcis." + }, + { + "id": 14445, + "la": "Huius post mortem cum populum iudicii sui paeniteret, multae novem partes detraxit et decem talenta Cononem, filium eius, ad muri quandam partem reficiendam iussit dare In quo fortunae varietas est animadversa Nam quos avus muros ex hostium praeda patriae restituerat, eosdem nepos cum summa ignominia familiae ex sua re familiari reficere coactus est", + "en": "After his death the people repented of the sentence they had passed upon Timotheus, remitted nine-tenths of the fine, and required his son Conon to pay, for repairing a part of the city wall, only ten talents. In this event we see the inconsistency of Fortune; for the very walls which his grandfather had restored to his country from booty taken from the enemy the younger Conon was compelled to repair from his own estate with great dishonour to his family." + }, + { + "id": 14446, + "la": "Timothei autem moderatae sapientisque vitae cum pleraque possimus proferre testimonia, uno erimus contenti, quod ex eo facile conici poterit quam carus suis fuerit Cum Athenis adulescentulus causam diceret, non solum amici privatique hospites ad eum defendendum convenerunt, sed etiam in iis Iason, tyrannus Thessaliae, qui illo tempore fuit omnium potentissimus", + "en": "Now Timotheus lived a well-regulated and wise life; although I might give many proofs of this, I shall content myself with one, from which it may easily be imagined how dear he was to his friends. When he was a young man and was involved in a law-suit at Athens, not only did his friends at home and those abroad in private station flock to his defence, but among the latter was none other than Jason, tyrant of Thessaly, at that time the most powerful of all such rulers." + }, + { + "id": 14447, + "la": "Hic cum in patria sine satellitibus se tutum non arbitraretur, Athenas sine ullo praesidio venit tantique hospitem fecit, ut mallet ipse capitis periculum adire quam Timotheo de fama dimicanti deesse Hunc adversus tamen Timotheus postea populi iussu bellum gessit, patriae sanctiora iura quam hospitii esse duxit", + "en": "That great man, although he did not think himself safe even in his own country without guards, came to Athens without a single attendant, being so devoted to his guest-friend that he preferred to risk his own life rather than fail Timotheus when he was defending his honour. Yet Timotheus afterwards, by order of the people, made war upon this very Jason, regarding the rights of his country as more sacred than those of hospitality." + }, + { + "id": 14448, + "la": "Haec extrema fuit aetas imperatorum Atheniensium, Iphicratis, Chabriae, Timothei, neque post illorum obitum quisquam dux in illa urbe fuit dignus memoria", + "en": "The era of Athenian generals came to an end with Iphicrates, Chabrias and Timotheus, and after the death of those eminent men no general in that city was worthy of notice." + }, + { + "id": 14449, + "la": "Venio nunc ad fortissimum virum maximique consilii omnium barbarorum, exceptis duobus Karthaginiensibus, Hamilcare et Hannibale", + "en": "I now pass to the bravest and ablest man of all the barbarians, with the exception of the two Carthaginians, Hamilcar and Hannibal." + }, + { + "id": 14450, + "la": "De quo hoc plura referemus, quod et obscuriora sunt eius gesta pleraque et ea quae prospere ei cesserunt, non magnitudine copiarum, sed consilii, quo tum omnes superabat, acciderunt; quorum nisi ratio explicata fuerit, res apparere non poterunt", + "en": "About him I shall give the more details, because the greater number of his exploits are less familiar and because his successes were due, not to the greatness of his forces, but to his strategy, in which he excelled all the men of his day. And unless the true inwardness of these successes be explained, his career cannot be understood." + }, + { + "id": 14451, + "la": "Princeps corusco sidere pulchrior, Parthis sagittas tendere doctior,", + "en": "Prince, fairer than the day-star, who shootest thine arrows with an aim more sure than the Parthians," + }, + { + "id": 14452, + "la": "eques Gelonis imperiosior,", + "en": "rider more daring than the Geloni," + }, + { + "id": 14453, + "la": "quae digna mentis laus erit arduae?", + "en": "what praise shall match thy lofty mind," + }, + { + "id": 14454, + "la": "quae digna formae laus erit igneae?", + "en": "what praise thy brilliant beauty?" + }, + { + "id": 14455, + "la": "te Leda mallet quam dare Castorem;", + "en": "Leda would rather have thee her son than Castor;" + }, + { + "id": 14456, + "la": "praefert Achilli te proprio Thetis;", + "en": "Thetis counts thee dearer than her own Achilles;" + }, + { + "id": 14457, + "la": "victum fatetur Delos Apollinem;", + "en": "Delos isle admits thee Apollos victor;" + }, + { + "id": 14458, + "la": "credit minorem Lydia Liberum", + "en": "Lydia puts Bacchus second to thee." + }, + { + "id": 14459, + "la": "tu cum per altas impiger ilices praedo citatum cornipedem reges ludentque ventis instabiles comae,", + "en": "When in the heat of the chase thou guidest thy coursing steed amid the towering holm-oaks and thy tossing locks stream out upon the wind," + }, + { + "id": 14460, + "la": "telis iacebunt sponte tuis ferae gaudensque sacris vulneribus leo admittet hastam morte superbior", + "en": "the beasts of their own accord will fall before thine arrows and the lion, right gladly wounded by a princes sacred hand, will welcome thy spear and be proud so to die." + }, + { + "id": 14461, + "la": "Venus reversum spernit Adonidem,", + "en": "Venus scorns Adonis returned from the dead," + }, + { + "id": 14462, + "la": "damnat reductum Cynthia Virbium", + "en": "Diana disapproves Hippolytus recalled to life." + }, + { + "id": 14463, + "la": "Cum post labores sub platani voles virentis umbra vel gelido specu torrentiorem fallere Sirium et membra somno fessa resolveris:", + "en": "When after thy toils thou seekest the shade of a green plane-tree or shunnest Sirius extreme heat in some cool grot and freest thy wearied limbs in sleep," + }, + { + "id": 14464, + "la": "o quantus uret tum Dryadas calor!", + "en": "what a passion of love will inflame the Dryads hearts!" + }, + { + "id": 14465, + "la": "quot aestuantes ancipiti gradu furtiva carpent oscula Naides!", + "en": "how many a Naiad will steal up with trembling foot and snatch an unmarked kiss!" + }, + { + "id": 14466, + "la": "quis vero acerbis horridior Scythis, quis beluarum corde furentior,", + "en": "Who, though he be more uncivilized than the wild Scythians and more cruel even than the beasts," + }, + { + "id": 14467, + "la": "qui, cum micantem te prope viderit, non optet ultro servitium pati,", + "en": "but will, when he has seen near at hand thy transcendent loveliness, offer thee a ready servitude?" + }, + { + "id": 14468, + "la": "qui non catenas adripiat libens colloque poscat vincula libero?", + "en": "Who will not willingly seize the chains of slavery and demand the yoke for a neck as yet free?" + }, + { + "id": 14469, + "la": "tu si nivalis per iuga Caucasi saevas petisses pulcher Amazonas,", + "en": "Hadst thou oer the heights of snowy Caucasus gone against the cruel Amazons in all thy beauty," + }, + { + "id": 14470, + "la": "peltata pugnas desereret cohors sexu recepto; patris et inmemor inter frementes Hippolyte tubas", + "en": "that warrior band had fled the fight and called to mind again their proper sex; Hippolyte, amid the trumpets din," + }, + { + "id": 14471, + "la": "strictam securim languida poneret et seminudo pectore cingulum forti negatum solveret Herculi, bellumque solus conficeret decor", + "en": "forgetful of her sire, had weakly laid aside her drawn battle-axe, and with half-bared breast loosed the girdle all Hercules strength availed not to loose. Thy beauty alone would have ended the war." + }, + { + "id": 14472, + "la": "Beata, quae te mox faciet virum primisque sese iunget amoribus", + "en": "Blessed is she who will soon call thee husband and unite herself to thee with the bonds of first love." + }, + { + "id": 14473, + "la": "Age cuncta nuptiali redimita vere tellus celebra toros eriles;", + "en": "Come, earth, wreathed about with nuptial spring, do honour to thy masters marriage-feast." + }, + { + "id": 14474, + "la": "omne nemus cum fluviis, omne canat profundum", + "en": "Sing, woods and rivers all, sing, deep of ocean." + }, + { + "id": 14475, + "la": "Ligures favete campi, Veneti favete montes, subitisque se rosetis vestiat Alpinus apex et rubeant pruinae", + "en": "Give your blessing, too, Ligurian plains and yours, Venetian hills. Let Alpine heights on a sudden clothe themselves with rose-bushes and the fields of ice grow red." + }, + { + "id": 14476, + "la": "Athesis strepat choreis calamisque flexuosus leve Mincius susurret et Padus electriferis admoduletur alnis;", + "en": "Let the Adige re-echo the sound of choric lays and meandering Mincius whisper gently through his reeds and Padus make answer with his amber-dripping alders." + }, + { + "id": 14477, + "la": "epulisque iam repleto resonet Quirite Thybris dominique laeta votis aurea septemgeminas Roma coronet arces", + "en": "Let Tibers banks now ring with the voices of Romes full-fed citizens and the golden city, rejoicing in her lords marriage, crown her seven hills with flowers." + }, + { + "id": 14478, + "la": "procul audiant Hiberi, fluit unde semen aulae, ubi plena laurearum imperio feta domus vix numerat triumphos", + "en": "Let Spain hear afar, Spain the cradle of the imperial race, where is a house that is mother of emperors, rich in crowns of laurel, whose triumphs can scarce be numbered." + }, + { + "id": 14479, + "la": "habet hinc patrem maritus, habet hinc puella matrem geminaque parte ductum Caesareum flumineo stemma recurrit ortu", + "en": "Hence came the bridegrooms sire, hence the brides mother; from either branch flows the blood of the Caesars, like twin streams reunited." + }, + { + "id": 14480, + "la": "decorent virecta Baetim, Tagus intumescat auro generisque procreator sub vitreis Oceanus luxurietur antris", + "en": "Let rich herbage clothe Baetis banks and Tagus swell his golden flood; may Ocean, ancestor of the imperial race, make merry in his crystal caves." + }, + { + "id": 14481, + "la": "Oriensque regna fratrum simul Occidensque plaudat; placide iocentur urbes, quaeque novo quaeque nitent deficiente Phoebo", + "en": "Let East and West, the two brothers realms, join in their applause, and peace and joy fill the cities illumined by the sun at his rising and at his setting." + }, + { + "id": 14482, + "la": "Aquiloniae procellae, rabidi tacete Cauri, taceat sonorus Auster", + "en": "Be still, ye storms of the north and ye mad blasts of Caurus; sounding Auster, sink to rest." + }, + { + "id": 14483, + "la": "solus ovantem Zephyrus perdominetur annum", + "en": "Let Zephyrus have sole rule over this year of triumph." + }, + { + "id": 14484, + "la": "Solitas galea fulgere comas, Stilicho, molli necte corona", + "en": "Twine with a soft garland, Stilicho, the locks whereon a helmet is wont to shine." + }, + { + "id": 14485, + "la": "cessent litui saevumque procul Martem felix taeda releget", + "en": "Let the trumpets of war cease and the propitious torch of marriage banish savage Mars afar." + }, + { + "id": 14486, + "la": "tractus ab aula rursus in aulam redeat sanguis patris officiis iunge potenti pignora dextra", + "en": "Let regal blood unite once more with regal blood. Perform a fathers office and unite these children with thine illustrious hand." + }, + { + "id": 14487, + "la": "gener Augusti pridem fueras, nunc rursus eris socer Augusti", + "en": "Thou didst marry an emperors daughter, now, in turn, thy daughter shall marry an emperor." + }, + { + "id": 14488, + "la": "quae iam rabies livoris erit?", + "en": "What room is here for the madness of jealousy?" + }, + { + "id": 14489, + "la": "vel quis dabitur color invidiae?", + "en": "What excuse for envy?" + }, + { + "id": 14490, + "la": "Stilicho socer est, pater est Stilicho", + "en": "Stilicho is father both of bride and bridegroom." + }, + { + "id": 14491, + "la": "Attollens thalamis Idalium iubar dilectus Veneri nascitur Hesperus", + "en": "Hesperus, loved of Venus, rises and shines for the marriage with his Idalian rays." + }, + { + "id": 14492, + "la": "iam nuptae trepidat sollicitus pudor, iam produnt lacrimas flammea simplices", + "en": "Maiden shame now overcomes the anxious bride; her veil now shows traces of innocent tears." + }, + { + "id": 14493, + "la": "ne cessa, iuvenis, comminus adgredi, impacata licet saeviat unguibus", + "en": "Hesitate not to be close in thine attacks, young lover, even though she oppose thee savagely with cruel finger-nail." + }, + { + "id": 14494, + "la": "non quisquam fruitur veris odoribus Hyblaeos latebris nec spoliat favos, si fronti caveat, si timeat rubos;", + "en": "None can enjoy the scents of spring nor steal the honey of Hybla from its fastnesses if he fears that thorns may scratch his face." + }, + { + "id": 14495, + "la": "armat spina rosas, mella tegunt apes", + "en": "Thorns arm the rose and bees find a defence for their honey." + }, + { + "id": 14496, + "la": "crescunt difficili gaudia iurgio accenditque magis, quae refugit, Venus", + "en": "The refusals of coyness do but increase the joy; the desire for that which flies us is the more inflamed;" + }, + { + "id": 14497, + "la": "quod flenti tuleris, plus sapit osculum", + "en": "sweeter is the kiss snatched through tears." + }, + { + "id": 14498, + "la": "dices o! quotiens, hoc mihi dulcius quam flavos deciens vincere Sarmatas!", + "en": "How oft wilt thou say: Better this than ten victories over the yellow-haired Sarmatae!" + }, + { + "id": 14499, + "la": "Adspirate novam pectoribus fidem mansuramque facem tradite sensibus", + "en": "Breathe a new loyalty into your breasts and let your senses kindle a flame that shall never be extinguished." + }, + { + "id": 14500, + "la": "tam iunctis manibus nectite vincula, quam frondens hedera stringitur aesculus, quam lento premitur palmite populus, et murmur querula blandius alite linguis adsiduo reddite mutuis", + "en": "May your clasped hands form a bond more close than that betwixt ivy and leafy oak tree or poplar and pliant vine. Be the frequent kisses that ye give and receive breathed more softly than those of plaintive doves," + }, + { + "id": 14501, + "la": "et labris animum conciliantibus alternum rapiat somnus anhelitum", + "en": "and when lips have united soul to soul let sleep still your throbbing breath." + }, + { + "id": 14502, + "la": "amplexu caleat purpura regio et vestes Tyrio sanguine fulgidas alter virgineus nobilitet cruor", + "en": "Be the purple couch warm with your princely wooing, and a new stain ennoble coverlets ruddy with Tyrian dye." + }, + { + "id": 14503, + "la": "tum victor madido prosilias toro nocturni referens vulnera proelii", + "en": "Then leap victorious from the marriage-bed, scarred with the nights encounter." + }, + { + "id": 14504, + "la": "Ducant pervigiles carmina tibiae permissisque iocis turba licentior exultet tetricis libera legibus", + "en": "All night long let the music of the flute resound and the crowd, set free from laws harsh restraints, with larger licence indulge the permitted jest." + }, + { + "id": 14505, + "la": "passim cum ducibus ludite milites, passim cum pueris ludite virgines", + "en": "Soldiers, make merry with your leaders, girls with boys." + }, + { + "id": 14506, + "la": "haec vox aetheriis insonet axibus, haec vox per populos, per mare transeat: formosus Mariam ducit Honorius.", + "en": "Be this the cry that re-echoes from pole to pole, among the peoples, over the seas: Fair Honorius weds with Maria." + }, + { + "id": 14507, + "la": "Ego nolo Caesar esse,", + "en": "Ive no mind to be a Caesar," + }, + { + "id": 14508, + "la": "ambulare per Britannos", + "en": "Strolling round among the Britons," + }, + { + "id": 14509, + "la": "Scythicas pati pruinas", + "en": "Victim of the Scythian hoar-frosts" + }, + { + "id": 14510, + "la": "Bacche, vitium repertor, plenus adsis vitibus,", + "en": "Bacchus, of the vine revealer, let thy fullness aid the vine:" + }, + { + "id": 14511, + "la": "effluas dulcem liquorem, comparandum nectari,", + "en": "Send the dulcet juice aflowing which no nectar can outshine" + }, + { + "id": 14512, + "la": "conditumque fac vetustum, ne malignis venulis", + "en": "Grant it ever-mellowing storage lest in veins inimical" + }, + { + "id": 14513, + "la": "asperum ducat saporem, versus usum in alterum", + "en": "It produce a smack of roughness turned to vinegar withal." + }, + { + "id": 14514, + "la": "Mulier intra pectus omnis celat virus pestilens;", + "en": "Every woman in her bosom hides a poisonous pestilence:" + }, + { + "id": 14515, + "la": "Sic Apollo, deinde Liber sic videtur ignifer:", + "en": "So Apollo and then Bacchus are fire-bringers, I opine:" + }, + { + "id": 14516, + "la": "ambo sunt flammis creati prosatique ex ignibus;", + "en": "Both the gods are flame-created; in their birth the fires take part." + }, + { + "id": 14517, + "la": "ambo de donis calorem, vite et radio, conferunt;", + "en": "Both confer their heat for guerdon, by the sunbeam or the vine;" + }, + { + "id": 14518, + "la": "noctis hic rumpit tenebras, hic tenebras pectoris", + "en": "One dispels the long nights darkness, one the darkness of the heart." + }, + { + "id": 14519, + "la": "Quando ponebam novellas arbores mali et piri,", + "en": "When my young pear-trees I planted, when I planted apple-trees," + }, + { + "id": 14520, + "la": "cortici summae notavi nomen ardoris mei", + "en": "On the bark the name I gravd of the sweetheart who is mine." + }, + { + "id": 14521, + "la": "nulla fit exinde finis vel quies cupidinis:", + "en": "Never henceforth will my passion find an end or find its ease." + }, + { + "id": 14522, + "la": "Tam malum est habere nummos, non habere quam malum est;", + "en": "Tis as bad possessing money as to live in penury;" + }, + { + "id": 14523, + "la": "tam malum est audere semper quam malum est semper pudor;", + "en": "Just as bad perpetual daring as perpetual modesty;" + }, + { + "id": 14524, + "la": "tam malum est tacere multum quam malum est multum loqui;", + "en": "Just as bad is too much silence as too much loquacity;" + }, + { + "id": 14525, + "la": "tam malum est foris amica quam malum est uxor domi;", + "en": "Just as bad the girl you visit as the wife at home can be." + }, + { + "id": 14526, + "la": "nemo non haec vera dicit, nemo non contra facit", + "en": "None can say that this is falsehood: none but does the contrary. too:" + }, + { + "id": 14527, + "la": "Consules fiunt quotannis et novi proconsules;", + "en": "Every year we get fresh consuls, every year proconsuls" + }, + { + "id": 14528, + "la": "solus aut rex aut poeta non quotannis nascitur", + "en": "Only patrons, only poets, are not born each year anew." + }, + { + "id": 14529, + "la": "Venerunt aliquando rosae per veris amoeni", + "en": "Roses are here at last: thanks to the mood" + }, + { + "id": 14530, + "la": "ingenium una dies ostendit spicula florum,", + "en": "Of lovely Spring, one day shows barbs of bloom;" + }, + { + "id": 14531, + "la": "altera pyramidas nodo maiore tumentes,", + "en": "A second, pyramids more largely swoln;" + }, + { + "id": 14532, + "la": "tertia iam calathos, totum lux quarta peregit", + "en": "A third reveals the cup: four days fulfil" + }, + { + "id": 14533, + "la": "floris opus pereunt hodie nisi mane leguntur", + "en": "Their task of flowering. This day seals their doom Unless the morning brings a gatherer." + }, + { + "id": 14534, + "la": "A, quales ego mane rosas procedere vidi!", + "en": "What roses have I seen come with the morn!" + }, + { + "id": 14535, + "la": "nascebantur adhuc neque erat par omnibus aetas", + "en": "Scarce born they were, yet not alike in age:" + }, + { + "id": 14536, + "la": "prima papillatos ducebat tecta corymbos,", + "en": "One showed the breast-like buds that hid the flower," + }, + { + "id": 14537, + "la": "altera puniceos apices umbone levabat,", + "en": "One shot its purple crest from swelling heart," + }, + { + "id": 14538, + "la": "tertia iam totum calathi patefecerat orbem,", + "en": "A third had opened full its rounded cup," + }, + { + "id": 14539, + "la": "quarta simul nituit nudati germine floris", + "en": "A fourth was bright with well-grown naked bloom," + }, + { + "id": 14540, + "la": "dum levat una caput dumque explicat altera nodum,", + "en": "One rears its head, while one untwines its coil:" + }, + { + "id": 14541, + "la": "sic, dum virgineus pudor exsinuatur amictu,", + "en": "So, while their maiden virtues chastely garbed," + }, + { + "id": 14542, + "la": "ne pereant lege mane rosas: cito virgo senescit", + "en": "At dawn pull roses fresh: maids soon grow old." + }, + { + "id": 14543, + "la": "Aut hoc risit Amor aut hoc de pectine traxit", + "en": "The rose was Cupids smile, or from her comb" + }, + { + "id": 14544, + "la": "purpureis Aurora comis aut sentibus haesit", + "en": "Dawn drew it forth'Dawn of the lustrous hair," + }, + { + "id": 14545, + "la": "Cypris et hic spinis insedit sanguis acutis", + "en": "Or haply Venus was by briars caught And on the sharp thorns this her blood remained." + }, + { + "id": 14546, + "la": "Hortus erat Veneris, roseis circumdatus herbis,", + "en": "Venus a garden had, rose-bushes round'" + }, + { + "id": 14547, + "la": "gratus ager dominae, quem qui vidisset amaret", + "en": "Its ladys darling plot; once seen, beloved." + }, + { + "id": 14548, + "la": "dum puer hic passim properat decerpere flores", + "en": "Her boy, in random haste to cull the blooms" + }, + { + "id": 14549, + "la": "et velare comas, spina libavit acuta", + "en": "And crown his tresses, pricked with pointed thorn" + }, + { + "id": 14550, + "la": "marmoreos digitos: mox ut dolor attigit artus", + "en": "His marble fingers. Soon, as pain stabbed limbs" + }, + { + "id": 14551, + "la": "sanguineamque manum, tinxit sua lumina gutta", + "en": "And blood-stained hand, the tear-drop bathed his eye." + }, + { + "id": 14552, + "la": "pervenit ad matrem frendens defertque querellas:", + "en": "In rage he seeks his mother with his plaints:" + }, + { + "id": 14553, + "la": "unde rosae, mater, coeperunt esse nocentes?", + "en": "Whence comes it, mother, that the roses hurt?" + }, + { + "id": 14554, + "la": "unde tui flores pugnare latentibus armis?", + "en": "Whence fight thy flowers with hidden arms?" + }, + { + "id": 14555, + "la": "Clio saecla retro memorat sermone soluto", + "en": "Clio records past ages in her prose." + }, + { + "id": 14556, + "la": "Euterpae geminis loquitur cava tibia ventis", + "en": "Euterpes hollow reed makes double sound." + }, + { + "id": 14557, + "la": "voce Thalia cluens soccis dea comica gaudet", + "en": "Voice-famed Thalia revelling loves the sock." + }, + { + "id": 14558, + "la": "Melpomene reboans tragicis fervescit iambis", + "en": "Melpomenes notes in tragic iambs seethe." + }, + { + "id": 14559, + "la": "aurea Terpsichorae totam lyra personat aethram", + "en": "Terpsichores golden lyre thrills all the sky." + }, + { + "id": 14560, + "la": "fila premens digitis Erato modulamina fingit", + "en": "Strings touched by Erato sweet love-songs make." + }, + { + "id": 14561, + "la": "flectitur in faciles variosque Polymnia motus", + "en": "Polymnias odes suit swift and varying moods.b" + }, + { + "id": 14562, + "la": "Uranie numeris scrutatur sidera mundi", + "en": "Urania scans the stars of heaven in verse." + }, + { + "id": 14563, + "la": "Calliope doctis dat laurea serta poetis", + "en": "Calliope crowns epic bards with bays." + }, + { + "id": 14564, + "la": "Ego nolo Florus esse,", + "en": "Ive no mind to be a Florus" + }, + { + "id": 14565, + "la": "ambulare per tabernas,", + "en": "Strolling round among the drink-shops," + }, + { + "id": 14566, + "la": "latitare per popinas,", + "en": "Skulking round among the cook-shops." + }, + { + "id": 14567, + "la": "culices pati rotundos", + "en": "Victim of fat-gorged mosquitoes." + }, + { + "id": 14568, + "la": "Lascivus versu, mente pudicus eras", + "en": "Your lines were wanton but your heart was clean" + }, + { + "id": 14569, + "la": "Animula vagula blandula,", + "en": "Dear fleeting sweeting, little soul," + }, + { + "id": 14570, + "la": "hospes comesque corporis,", + "en": "My bodys comrade and its guest," + }, + { + "id": 14571, + "la": "quae nunc abibis in loca,", + "en": "What region now must be thy goal," + }, + { + "id": 14572, + "la": "pallidula, rigida, nudula,", + "en": "Poor little wan, numb, naked soul," + }, + { + "id": 14573, + "la": "nec ut soles dabis iocos?", + "en": "Unable, as of old, to jest?" + }, + { + "id": 14574, + "la": "Borysthenes Alanus,", + "en": "Borysthenes the Alana" + }, + { + "id": 14575, + "la": "Caesareus veredus,", + "en": "Was mighty Caesars steed:" + }, + { + "id": 14576, + "la": "per aequor et paludes", + "en": "Oer marshland and oer level," + }, + { + "id": 14577, + "la": "et tumulos Etruscos", + "en": "Oer Tuscan hills, with speed" + }, + { + "id": 14578, + "la": "volare qui solebat,", + "en": "He used to fly, and never" + }, + { + "id": 14579, + "la": "Pannonicos nec ullus", + "en": "Could any rushing boar" + }, + { + "id": 14580, + "la": "apros eum insequentem", + "en": "Amid Pannonian boar-hunt" + }, + { + "id": 14581, + "la": "ausus fuit nocere:", + "en": "Make bold his flank to gore" + }, + { + "id": 14582, + "la": "dente aper albicanti", + "en": "With sharp tusk whitely gleaming:" + }, + { + "id": 14583, + "la": "sparsit ab ore caudam", + "en": "The foam from off his lips," + }, + { + "id": 14584, + "la": "ut solet evenire", + "en": "As oft may chance, would sprinkle" + }, + { + "id": 14585, + "la": "vel extimam saliva,", + "en": "His tail een to the tips." + }, + { + "id": 14586, + "la": "sed integer iuventa", + "en": "But he in youthful vigour," + }, + { + "id": 14587, + "la": "inviolatus artus", + "en": "His limbs unsapped by toil," + }, + { + "id": 14588, + "la": "die sua peremptus", + "en": "On his own day extinguished," + }, + { + "id": 14589, + "la": "hic situs est in agro", + "en": "Here lies beneath the soil." + }, + { + "id": 14590, + "la": "Forte iacebat Amor victus puer alite somno", + "en": "Young Love lay once with wingd sleep oercome" + }, + { + "id": 14591, + "la": "myrti inter frutices pallentis roris in herba", + "en": "Mid myrtle shrubs where pale dew soaked the grass." + }, + { + "id": 14592, + "la": "hunc procul emissae tenebrosa Ditis ab aula", + "en": "Round him came ghosts, from Plutos gloomy hall" + }, + { + "id": 14593, + "la": "circueunt animae, saeva face quas cruciarat", + "en": "Set free, ghosts whom his cruel brand had scorched.a" + }, + { + "id": 14594, + "la": "ecce meus venator! ait hunc Phaedra, ligemus!", + "en": "Look! tis my hunter! Phaedra said: bring bonds!" + }, + { + "id": 14595, + "la": "crudelis crinem clamabat Scylla metamus!", + "en": "But ruthless Scylla cried Lets shear his hair!" + }, + { + "id": 14596, + "la": "Colchis et orba Procne numerosa caede necemus!", + "en": "The Colchian dameb and Procne sore-bereaved Said We must make him die full many a death!" + }, + { + "id": 14597, + "la": "Didon et Canace saevo gladio perimamus!", + "en": "Dido and Canace urged death by steel:" + }, + { + "id": 14598, + "la": "Myrrha meis ramis, Euhadneque igne cremcmus!", + "en": "Nay, by my branches! Myrrha claimed. Lets burn Him in the fire! Euhadne thought his due." + }, + { + "id": 14599, + "la": "hunc Arethusa inquit Byblisque in fonte necemus!", + "en": "Byblis and Arethusa wished him drowned." + }, + { + "id": 14600, + "la": "ast Amor evigilans dixit mea pinna, volemus.", + "en": "But Love awoke and said My wings, lets fly!" + }, + { + "id": 14601, + "la": "Formosam Donacen puer Idas et puer Alcon ardebant rudibusque annis incensus uterque in Donaces venerem furiosa mente ruebant", + "en": "Young Idas and young Alcon had a burning passion for the fair Donace; both, ablaze in their inexperienced years, rushed with frenzied spirit into their love for Donace." + }, + { + "id": 14602, + "la": "hanc, cum vicini flores in vallibus horti carperet et molli gremium compleret acantho, invasere simul venerisque imbutus uterque tum primum dulci carpebant gaudia furto", + "en": "Her they assailed together, when she was gathering flowers in the neighbouring garden vales and filling her lap with soft acanthus. Then first initiated, they both snatched the joys of Venus by a sweet robbery." + }, + { + "id": 14603, + "la": "hinc amor et pueris iam non puerilia vota: quis anni ter quinque hiemes et cura iuventae", + "en": "Hence came love, a and the boys felt longings beyond their boyish age. Their years were only fifteen winters, yet they had the pangs of early manhood." + }, + { + "id": 14604, + "la": "sed postquam Donacen duri clausere parentes, quod non tam tenui filo de voce sonaret sollicitumque foret pinguis sonus, improba cervix suffususque rubor crebro venaeque tumentes,tum vero ardentes flammati pectoris aestus carminibus dulcique parant relevare querella;", + "en": "But after her stern parents had imprisoned Donace, because her voice had lost its fine music, and its thickened sound caused anxious thought, because her neck grew coarse, and spreading blushes came and went and her veins showed larger, then truly the youths made ready to relieve the burning heat of a love-enflamed heart with the sweet plaint of their minstrelsy" + }, + { + "id": 14605, + "la": "ambo aevo cantuque pares nec dispare forma, ambo genas leves, intonsi crinibus ambo", + "en": "both of them equal in age and song, of well-matched comeliness, both smooth in cheek, both of unshorn locks." + }, + { + "id": 14606, + "la": "atque haec sub platano maesti solatia casus alternant, Idas calamis et versibus Alcon", + "en": "And beneath a plane-tree'Idas on the flute followed by Alcon in his verse'they poured out this solace for their sad plight." + }, + { + "id": 14607, + "la": "Nyctilus atque Micon nec non et pulcher Amyntas torrentem patula vitabant ilice solem, eum Pan venatu fessus recubare sub ulmo coeperat et somno laxatus sumere vires;", + "en": "Nyctilus and Mycon and likewise fair Amyntas were shunning the scorching heat of the sun beneath a spreading ilex, when Pan, fatigued in the chase, set himself to recline under an elm and gain strength by sleeps recreation." + }, + { + "id": 14608, + "la": "quem super ex tereti pendebat fistula ram", + "en": "From a rounded bough above him hung his pipe." + }, + { + "id": 14609, + "la": "hanc pueri, tamquam praedem pro carmine possent sumere fasque esset calamos tractare deorum, invadunt furto; sed nec resonare canorem fistula quem suerat nec vult contexere carmen, sed pro carminibus male dissona sibila reddi, cum Pan excussus sonitu stridentis avenae iamque videns pueri, si carmina poscitis inquit, ipse canam: nulli fas est inflare cicutas, quas ego Maenaliis cera coniungo sub antris", + "en": "This the boys seized by stealth, as though they could take it to be a surety for a song, as though twere right to handle the reed-pipes of gods. But neither would the pipe sound its wonted music, nor would it weave its song, but instead of songs it rendered vilely discordant screeches, till Pan was awakened by the din of the strident pipe, and, now seeing them, said, Boys, if songs ye call for, I myself will sing. No man may blow upon the hemlock stalks which I fashion with wax within Maenalian caves." + }, + { + "id": 14610, + "la": "iamque ortus, Lenaee, tuos et semina vitis ordine detexam: debemus carmina Baccho", + "en": "And now, O God of the winepress, I will unfold in order due the story of thy birth and the seeds of the vine. Song is our debt to Bacchus." + }, + { + "id": 14611, + "la": "haec fatus coepit calamis sic montivagus Pan:", + "en": "With these words, Pan the mountain-ranger began thus upon the reeds:" + }, + { + "id": 14612, + "la": "te cano, qui gravidis hederata fronte corymbis vitea serta plicas quique udo palmite tigres ducis odoratis perfusus colla capillis, vera Iovis proles;", + "en": "Thee I sing, who plaitest vine-wreaths with berried clusters hanging heavy on thine ivy-circled brow, who leadest tigers with juice-soaked vine-branch, thy perfumed hair flowing oer thy neck, true offspring of Jove." + }, + { + "id": 14613, + "la": "nam cum post sidera caeli sola Iovem Semele vidit Iovis ora professum, hunc pater omnipotens, venturi providus aevi, pertulit et iusto produxit tempore partus", + "en": "For when Semele alone, save the stars of heaven, saw Jove wearing Joves own countenance, this child did the Almighty Father, careful for future ages, carry till its full time and bring forth at the due hour of birth." + }, + { + "id": 14614, + "la": "hunc Nymphae Faunique senes Satyrique procaces, nosque etiam Nysae viridi nutrimus in antro", + "en": "This child the Nymphs, the aged Fauns and wanton Satyrs, and I as well, did nurture in the green cave of Nysa." + }, + { + "id": 14615, + "la": "quin et Silenus parvum veteranus alumnum aut gremio fovet aut resupinis sustinet ulnis, evocat aut risum digito motuve quietem allicit aut tremulis quassat crepitacula palmis", + "en": "Nay, the veteran Silenus, too, fondles his little nursling in his bosom, or holds him in his cradling arms, or wakes a smile with his finger, or woos repose by rocking him, or shakes rattles in tremulous hands." + }, + { + "id": 14616, + "la": "cui deus arridens horrentes pectore setas vellicat aut digitis aures adstringit acutas applauditve manu mutilum caput aut breve mentum et simas tenero collidit pollice nares", + "en": "Smiling on him, the god plucks out the hairs which bristle on his breast, or with the fingers pulls his peaked ears, or pats with the hand his crop-horned c head or his short chin, and with tender thumb pinches his snub nose." + }, + { + "id": 14617, + "la": "interea pueri florescit pube iuventus flavaque maturo tumuerunt tempora cornu", + "en": "Meanwhile the boys youth blooms with the coming of manhood, and his yellow temples have swollen with full-grown horns." + }, + { + "id": 14618, + "la": "tum primum laetas extendit pampinus uvas: mirantur Satyri frondes et poma Lyaei", + "en": "Then first the tendril outspreads the gladsome grapes. Satyrs are amazed at the leaves and fruitage of Lyaeus." + }, + { + "id": 14619, + "la": "tum deus o Satyri, maturos carpite fetus dixit et ignotos primi calcate racemos.", + "en": "Then said the god, Pluck the ripe produce, ye Satyrs, be first to tread the bunches whose full power ye know not." + }, + { + "id": 14620, + "la": "vix haec ediderat, decerpunt vitibus uvas et portant calathis celerique elidere planta concava saxa super properant: vindemia fervet collibus in summis, crebro pede rumpitur uva nudaque purpureo sparguntur pectora musto", + "en": "Scarce had he uttered these words, when they snatched the grapes from the vines, carried them in baskets and hastened to crush them on hollowed stones with nimble foot. On the hill-tops the vintage goes on apace, grapes are burst by frequent tread, and naked breasts are besprinkled with purple must." + }, + { + "id": 14621, + "la": "tum Satyri, lasciva cohors, sibi pocula quisque obvia corripiunt: quae fors dedit, arripit usus", + "en": "Then the wanton troop of Satyrs snatched the goblets, each that which comes his way. What chance offers, their need seizes." + }, + { + "id": 14622, + "la": "cantharon hic retinet, cornu bibit alter adunco, concavat ille manus palmasque in pocula vertit, pronus at ille lacu bibit et crepitantibus haurit musta labris;", + "en": "One keeps hold of a tankard; another drinks from a curved horn; one hollows his hands and makes a cup of his palms; another, stooping forward, drinks of the wine-vat and with smacking lips drains the new wine;" + }, + { + "id": 14623, + "la": "alius vocalia cymbala mergit atque alius latices pressis resupinus ab uvis excipit;", + "en": "another dips therein his sonorous cymbals, and yet another, lying on his back, catches the juice from the squeezed grapes" + }, + { + "id": 14624, + "la": "at potus (saliens liquor ore resultat) evomit, inque umeros et pectora defluit umor", + "en": "but when drunk (as the welling liquid leaps back from his mouth) he vomits it out, and the liquor flows over shoulders and breasts." + }, + { + "id": 14625, + "la": "omnia ludus habet cantusque chorique licentes; et venerem iam vina movent: raptantur amantes concubitu Satyri fugientes iungere Nymphas iamiamque elapsas hic crine, hic veste retentat", + "en": "Everywhere sport reigns, and song and wanton dances. And now love is stirred by the wine; amorous satyrs are seized with desire to unite in intercourse with the fleeing nymphs, whom, all but escaped, one captor holds back by the hair, another by the dress." + }, + { + "id": 14626, + "la": "tum primum roseo Silenus cymbia musto plena senex avide non aequis viribus hausit", + "en": "Then first did old Silenus greedily quaff bowls full of rosy must, his strength not equal to the carousal." + }, + { + "id": 14627, + "la": "ex illo venas inflatus nectare dulci hesternoque gravis semper ridetur Iaccho", + "en": "And ever since that time he rouses mirth, his veins swollen with the sweet nectar and himself heavy with yesterdays Iacchus." + }, + { + "id": 14628, + "la": "quin etiam deus ille, deus Iove prosatus ipso, et plantis uvas premit et de vitibus hastas integit et lynci praebet cratera bibenti", + "en": "And indeed that god renowned, the god sprung from very Jove, presses the grape-clusters with his feet, enwreaths the spear-like thyrsi from the vine-wands, and proffers a mixing bowl to a lynx that drinks thereof." + }, + { + "id": 14629, + "la": "haec Pan Maenalia pueros in valle docebat, sparsas donec oves campo conducere in unum nox iubet, uberibus suadens siccare fluorem lactis et in niveas adstrictum cogere glebas", + "en": "So Pan taught the boys in the Maenalian vale, until night bade them drive together the sheep scattered oer the plain, urging them to drain the udders of their milk-flow and curdle and thicken it into snow-white clots of cheese." + }, + { + "id": 14630, + "la": "Populea Lycidas nec non et Mopsus in umbra, pastores, calamis ac versu doctus uterque nec triviale sonans, proprios cantabat amores", + "en": "The shepherds, Lycidas and Mopsus too, both of them skilled on the reed-pipes and in verse, were singing each of his own love in the poplar shade, uttering no common strain." + }, + { + "id": 14631, + "la": "nam Mopso Meroe, Lycidae crinitus Iollas ignis erat; parilisque furor de dispare sexu cogebat trepidos totis discurrere silvis", + "en": "For Mopsus the flame was Meroe, for Lycidas twas Iollas of the flowing locks; and a like frenzy for a darling of different sex drove them wandering restlessly through all the groves." + }, + { + "id": 14632, + "la": "hos puer ac Meroe multum lusere furentes, dum modo condictas vitant in vallibus ulmos, nunc fagos placitas fugiunt promissaque fallunt antra nec est animus solitos alludere fontes", + "en": "The youth and Meroe sorely mocked these shepherds in their desperate passion; now they would shun the valley-elms which had been made a trysting-place; anon they would avoid the beeches where they fixed to meet, fail to be at the promised cave, or have no mind to sport by the wonted springs;" + }, + { + "id": 14633, + "la": "cum tandem fessi, quos dirus adederat ignis, sic sua desertis nudarunt vulnera silvis inque vicem dulces cantu luxere querellas", + "en": "until at length in weariness, consumed by the dread fire of love, Mopsus and Lycidas thus laid bare their wounds to the solitary groves, and by turns wailed forth in song their sweet complaints." + }, + { + "id": 14634, + "la": "Parve'nec invideo'sine me, liber, ibis in urbem, ei mihi, quo domino non licet ire tuo!", + "en": "Little book, you will go without me'and I grudge it not'to the city, whither alas your master is not allowed to go!" + }, + { + "id": 14635, + "la": "vade, sed incultus, qualem decet exulis esse; infelix habitum temporis huius habe", + "en": "Go, but go unadorned, as becomes the book of an exile; in your misfortune wear the garb that befits these days of mine." + }, + { + "id": 14636, + "la": "vade, liber, verbisque meis loca grata saluta: contingam certe quo licet illa pede siquis, ut in populo, nostri non inmemor illic, siquis, qui, quid agam, forte requirat, erit, vivere me dices, salvum tamen esse negabis;", + "en": "Go, my book, and in my name greet the loved places: I will tread them at least with what foot3 I may. If, as is natural in so great a throng, there shall be any there who still remembers me, any who may perchance ask how I fare, you are to say that I live, yet not in health and happiness;" + }, + { + "id": 14637, + "la": "nec te purpureo velent vaccinia fuco' non est conveniens luctibus ille color' nec titulus minio, nec cedro charta notetur, candida nec nigra cornua fronte geras felices ornent haec instrumenta libellos; fortunae memorem te decet esse meae", + "en": "You shall have no cover dyed with the juice of purple berries'no fit colour is that for mourning; your title shall not be tinged with vermilion nor your paper with oil of cedar; and you shall wear no white bosses upon your dark edges.2 Books of good omen should be decked with such things as these; tis my fate that you should bear in mind." + }, + { + "id": 14638, + "la": "nec fragili geminae poliantur pumice frontes, hirsutus passis ut videare comis neve liturarum pudeat; qui viderit illas, de lacrimis factas sentiet esse meis", + "en": "Let no brittle pumice polish your two edges; I would have you appear with locks all rough and disordered. Be not ashamed of blots; he who sees them will feel that they were caused by my tears." + }, + { + "id": 14639, + "la": "id quoque, quod vivam, munus habere dei", + "en": "that even the fact of life I hold to be the gift of a god." + }, + { + "id": 14640, + "la": "ut peragas mandata, liber, culpabere forsan ingeniique minor laude ferere mei", + "en": "Though you should carry out my directions you will be criticized perchance, my book, and regarded as beneath the glory of my genius." + }, + { + "id": 14641, + "la": "iudicis officium est ut res, ita tempora rerum quaerere quaesito tempore tutus eris carmina proveniunt animo deducta sereno; nubila sunt subitis pectora nostra malis carmina secessum scribentis et otia quaerunt; me mare, me venti, me fera iactat hiems carminibus metus omnis obest3; ego perditus ensem haesurum iugulo iam puto iamque meo haec quoque quod facio, iudex mirabitur aequus, scriptaque cum venia qualiacumque leget", + "en": "Tis a judges duty to investigate both the circumstances and the time of an act. If they ask the time you will be secure. Poetry comes fine spun from a soul at peace; my mind is clouded with unexpected woes. Poetry requires the writer to be in privacy and ease; I am harassed by the sea, by gales, by wintry storms. Poetry is injured by any fear; I in my ruin am ever and ever expecting a sword to pierce my throat. Even the making of such verse as this will surprise a fair-minded critic and he will read these verses with indulgence, however poor they are." + }, + { + "id": 14642, + "la": "atque ita tu tacitus'quaerenti plura legendum' ne, quae non opus est, forte loquare, cave! protinus admonitus repetet mea crimina lector, et peragar populi publicus ore reus", + "en": "Except for this be silent'for he who requires must read more'and take care that you chance not to say what you should not; forthwith, if but a reminder be given, the reader will recall my sins, and I shall still be convicted by the peoples voice as a public criminal." + }, + { + "id": 14643, + "la": "Do you take care to make no defence though attacked with biting words; my case is not a good one, and will prove too difficult for advocacy You are to find one who sighs over my exile, reading your lines with cheeks that are not dry, one who will utter a silent prayer unheard by any ill-wisher, that through the softening of Caesars anger my punishment may be lightened On my part I pray that whoever he may be, suffering may not come to him who wishes the gods to be kind to suffering May his wish be fulfilled! May the removal of the Princes wrath grant me the power to die at home in my country!", + "en": "tu cave defendas, quamvis mordebere dictis; causa patrocinio non bona maior1 erit. invenies aliquem, qui me suspiret ademptum, carmina nec siccis perlegat ista genis, et tacitus secum, ne quis malus audiat, optet, sit mea lenito Caesare poena levis. nos quoque, quisquis erit, ne sit miser ille, precamur, placatos miseris qui volet esse deos; quaeque volet, rata sint, ablataque principis ira sedibus in patriis det mihi posse mori." + }, + { + "id": 14644, + "la": "da mihi Maeoniden et tot circumice casus, ingenium tantis excidet omne malis", + "en": "Pray bring the Maeonian1 and cast just as many dangers about him; all his genius will fall away in the presence of such great ills." + }, + { + "id": 14645, + "la": "carmina nunc si non studiumque, quod obfuit, odi, sit satis; ingenio sic fuga parta meo tu tamen i pro me, tu, cui licet, aspice Romam di facerent, possem nunc meus esse liber! nec te, quod venias magnam peregrinus in urbem, ignotum populo posse venire puta", + "en": "Now let it be enough if I do not hate poetry and the pursuit which has injured me; through that my own wit has brought me exile. But do you go in my stead, do you, who are permitted to do so, gaze on Rome! Would that the gods might grant me now to be my book!'and think not, because you enter into the great city as one from foreign lands, that you can come as a stranger to the people." + }, + { + "id": 14646, + "la": "ut titulo careas, ipso noscere colore; dissimulare velis, te liquet esse meum clam tamen intrato, ne te mea carmina laedant; non sunt ut quondam plena favoris erant siquis erit, qui te, quia sis meus, esse legendum non putet, e gremio reiciatque suo, inspice die titulum non sum praeceptor Amoris; quas meruit, poenas iam dedit illud opus.", + "en": "Though you should lack a title, your very style will bring recognition; though you should wish to play the deceiver, it is clear that you are mine. And yet enter secretly, that my verses may not harm you; they are not popular as once they were. If there shall be anybody who thinks you unworthy to be read for the reason that you are mine and repels you from his breast, say to him, Examine the title. I am not Loves teacher; that work2 has already paid its deserved penalty." + }, + { + "id": 14647, + "la": "denique securus famae, liber, ire memento, nec tibi sit lecto displicuisse pudor", + "en": "Take heed, then, my book, to go untroubled about fame, and be not ashamed that your readers gain no pleasure." + }, + { + "id": 14648, + "la": "forsitan expectes, an in alta Palatia missum scandere te iubeam Caesareamque domum ignoscant augusta mihi loca dique locorum! venit in hoc illa fulmen ab arce caput", + "en": "Perchance you are waiting to see if I shall send you to the lofty Palatine and bid you mount to Caesars house. May those places of awe and the gods of those places grant me pardon! It was from that citadel that the bolt fell upon this head of mine." + }, + { + "id": 14649, + "la": "non ita se praebet nobis Fortuna secundam, ut tibi sit ratio laudis habenda tuae donec eram sospes, tituli tangebar amore, quaerendique mihi nominis ardor erat", + "en": "Fortune is not now so favourable to me that you should take account of your praise. In the time of my security I was touched by the love of renown, and I burned to win a name." + }, + { + "id": 14650, + "la": "esse quidem memini mitissima sedibus illis numina, sed timeo qui nocuere deos terretur minimo pennae stridore columba, unguibus, accipiter, saucia facta tuis nec procul a stabulis audet discedere, siqua excussa est avidi dentibus agna lupi vitaret caelum Phathon, si viveret, et quos optarat stulte, tangere nollet equos me quoque, quae sensi, fateor Iovis arma timere: me reor infesto, cum tonat, igne peti", + "en": "There are, I know, in those shrines deities of exceeding mercy, but I still fear the gods who have wrought me harm. The least rustle of a feather brings dread upon the dove that thy talons, O hawk, have wounded. Nor does any lamb, once wrested from the teeth of a ravenous wolf, venture to go far from the fold. Phathon would avoid the sky if he were alive; the steeds which in his folly he desired, he would refuse to touch. I too admit'for I have felt it'that I fear the weapon of Jupiter: I believe myself the target of a hostile bolt whenever the thunder roars." + }, + { + "id": 14651, + "la": "quicumque Argolica de classe Capherea fugit, semper ab Euboicis vela retorquet aquis; et mea cumba semel vasta percussa procella illum, quo laesa est, horret adire locum ergo cave, liber, et timida circumspice mente, ut satis a media sit tibi plebe legi dum petit infirmis nimium sublimia pennis Icarus, aequoreis nomina fecit aquis difficile est tamen hinc, remis utaris an aura, dicere: consilium resque locusque dabunt si poteris vacuo tradi, si cuncta videbis mitia, si vires fregerit ira suas, siquis erit, qui te dubitantem et adire timentem tradat, et ante tamen pauca loquatur, adi luce bona dominoque tuo felicior ipse pervenias illuc et mala nostra leves namque ea vel nemo, vel qui mihi vulnera fecit solus Achilleo tollere more potest", + "en": "Every man of the Argive fleet who escaped the Capherean rocks always turns his sails away from the waters of Euboea; and even so my bark, once shattered by a mighty storm, dreads to approach that place where it was wrecked. Therefore be careful, my book, and look all around with timid heart, so as to find content in being read by ordinary folk. By seeking too lofty heights on weak wings Icarus gave a name to waters of the sea. Yet from this position of mine tis hard to say whether you should use the oars or the breeze. You will be advised by the time and the place. If you can be handed to him1 when he is at leisure, if you see everything kindly disposed, if his anger has lost its keenness, if there is anybody, while you are hesitating in fear to approach, who will hand you to him, introducing you with but a few brief words'then approach him. On a lucky day and with better fortune than your master may you arrive there and lighten my misfortunes. For either nobody can remove them or, in the fashion of Achilles, that man only who wounded me." + }, + { + "id": 14652, + "la": "tantum ne noceas, dum vis prodesse, videto' nam spes est animi nostra timore minor' quaeque quiescebat, ne mota resaeviat ira et poenae tu sis altera causa, cave!", + "en": "1 Only see that you do no harm in your wish to help'for my hope is smaller than my fear'and that slumbering wrath!'take care that it be not roused to renewed fierceness and that you be not to me a second cause of punishment." + }, + { + "id": 14653, + "la": "sunt quoque mutatae, ter quinque volumina, formae, nuper ab exequiis carmina rapta meis his mando dicas, inter mutata referri fortunae vultum corpora posse meae namque ea dissimilis subito est effecta priori, flendaque nunc, aliquo tempore laeta fuit plura quidem mandare tibi, si quaeris, habebam, sed vereor tardae causa fuisse morae2; et si quae subeunt, tecum, liber, omnia ferres, sarcina laturo magna futurus eras", + "en": "There are also thrice five rolls about changing forms,3 poems recently saved from the burial of my fortunes. To these I bid you say that the aspect of my own fate can now be reckoned among those metamorphosed figures. For that aspect has on a sudden become quite different from what it was before'a cause of tears now, though once of joy. More directions for you, if you ask me, I have been keeping, but I fear to be the cause of lingering delay; and if you were to carry with you, my book, all that occurs to me, tis likely you would be a heavy burden to him who shall bear you." + }, + { + "id": 14654, + "la": "cum tamen in nostrum fueris penetrale receptus, contigerisque tuam, scrinia curva, domum, aspicies illic positos ex ordine fratres, quos studium cunctos evigilavit idem cetera turba palam titulos ostendet apertos, et sua detecta nomina fronte geret; tres procul obscura latitantes parte videbis,' sic quoque, quod nemo nescit, amare docent", + "en": "But when you find refuge in my sanctuary, reaching your own home, the round book-cases, you will behold there brothers arranged in order'brothers whom the same craftmanship produced with toil and waking. The rest of the band will display their titles openly, bearing their names on their exposed edges, but three at some distance will strive to hide themselves in a dark place, as you will notice'even so, as everybody knows, they teach how to love." + }, + { + "id": 14655, + "la": "hos tu vel fugias, vel, si satis oris habebis, Oedipodas facito Telegonosque voces deque tribus, moneo, si qua est tibi cura parentis, ne quemquam, quamvis ipse docebit, ames", + "en": "These you should either avoid or, if you have the assurance, give them the names of Oedipus or of Telegonus.2 And I warn you, if you have any regard for your father, love not any one of the three, though he himself teach you." + }, + { + "id": 14656, + "la": "longa via est, propera! nobis habitabitur orbis ultimus, a terra terra remota mea", + "en": "The road is long. Make haste! I shall continue to dwell at the edge of the world, a land far removed from my own." + }, + { + "id": 14657, + "la": "Mulciber in Troiam, pro Troia stabat Apollo; aequa Venus Teucris, Pallas iniqua fuit oderat Aenean propior Saturnia Turno; ille tamen Veneris numine tutus erat saepe ferox cautum petiit Neptunus Ulixem; eripuit patruo saepe Minerva suo et nobis aliquod, quamvis distamus ab illis, quis vetat irato numen adesse deo?", + "en": "Mulciber was opposed to Troy, but in Troys defence stood Apollo; Venus favoured the Teucrians, Pallas favoured them not. There was hate for Aeneas on the part of Saturnia who stood closely by Turnus; yet that hero was safe through Venus power. Ofttimes unruly Neptune assailed the wily Ulysses; ofttimes Minerva saved him from her own uncle. And different though I am from them, who forbids a divine power from being of some avail to me against the angry god?" + }, + { + "id": 14658, + "la": "Di maris et caeli'quid enim nisi vota supersunt?' solvere quassatae parcite membra ratis, neve, precor, magni subscribite Caesaris irae! saepe premente deo fert deus alter opem", + "en": "O gods of sea and sky'for what but prayer is left?'break not the frame of our shattered bark and second not, I implore, the wrath of mighty Caesar! Oft when a god presses hard another god brings succour." + }, + { + "id": 14659, + "la": "verba miser frustra non proficientia perdo ipsa graves spargunt ora loquentis aquae, terribilisque Notus iactat mea dicta, precesque ad quos mittuntur, non sinit ire deos ergo idem venti, ne causa laedar in una, velaque nescio quo votaque nostra ferunt me miserum, quanti montes volvuntur aquarum! iam iam tacturos sidera summa putes quantae diducto subsidunt aequore valles! iam iam tacturas Tartara nigra putes", + "en": "But, wretch that I am, to no purpose am I wasting profitless words. My very lips as I speak are sprayed by the heavy waves, and dread Notus hurls away my words nor suffers my prayers to reach the gods to whom they are directed. So the same winds, that I be not punished in one way only, are driving'I know not whither'both my sails and my prayers. Wretched me! what vast mountains of water heave themselves aloft! Now, now, you think, they will touch the highest stars. What mighty abysses settle beneath us as the flood yawns apart! Now, now you think they will touch black Tartarus." + }, + { + "id": 14660, + "la": "quocumque aspicio, nihil est, nisi pontus et aer, fluctibus hic tumidus, nubibus ille minax inter utrumque fremunt inmani murmure venti", + "en": "Wherever I gaze there is naught but sea and air'sea swollen with billows, air athreat with clouds; and between are the hum and roar of the cruel winds." + }, + { + "id": 14661, + "la": "nescit, cui domino pareat, unda maris", + "en": "The waves of ocean know not what master to obey." + }, + { + "id": 14662, + "la": "nam modo purpureo vires capit Eurus ab ortu nunc Zephyrus sero vespere missus adest, nunc sicca gelidus Boreas bacchatur ab Arcto, nunc Notus adversa proelia fronte gerit rector in incerto est nec quid fugiatve petatve invenit: ambiguis ars stupet ipsa malis scilicet occidimus, nec spes est ulla salutis, dumque loquor, vultus obruit unda meos opprimet hanc animam fluctus, frustraque precanti ore necaturas accipiemus aquas, at pia nil aliud quam me dolet exule coniunx: hoc unum nostri scitque gemitque mali", + "en": "For now Eurus storms mightily from the red east, now Zephyrus comes rushing from the realm of late evening, now Boreas raves from the dry pole-star, now Notus battles with opposing brow. The helmsman is confused nor can he find what to avoid or what to seek; his very skill is numbed by the baffling perils. We are surely lost, there is no hope of safety, and as I speak, the waters overwhelm my face. The billows will crush this life of mine, and with lips that pray in vain I shall drink in the destroying water. But my loyal wife grieves for naught save my exile'that is the only ill of mine she knows and bemoans." + }, + { + "id": 14663, + "la": "nescit in inmenso iactari corpora ponto, nescit agi ventis, nescit adesse necem o bene, quod non sum mecum conscendere passus, ne mihi mors misero bis patienda foret! at nunc, ut peream, quoniam caret illa periclo, dimidia certe parte superstes ero ei mihi, quam celeri micuerunt nubila flamma! quantus ab aetherio personat axe fragor! nec levius tabulae laterum feriuntur ab undis, quam grave ballistae moenia pulsat onus qui venit hic fluctus, fluctus supereminet omnes: posterior nono est undecimoque prior, nec letum timeo; genus est miserabile leti demite naufragium, mors mihi munus erit est aliquid, fatove suo ferrove cadentem in solida moriens ponere corpus humo, et mandare suis aliqua et sperare sepulcrum et non aequoreis piscibus esse cibum", + "en": "She knows not that I am buffeted about on the vast sea, knows not that I am harried by the winds, knows not that death is near me. Ah, well it was that I suffered her not to board ship with me, else I, poor wretch, should now be forced to suffer a double death! But as it is, even though I perish, in her freedom from peril at least I shall half survive. Alas! what a swift glitter of flame from the clouds! What a mighty crash roars from the zenith! And no lighter blow falls upon her planks from the billows than the heavy pounding of the ballista1 upon a wall. Here comes a wave that oertops them all'the wave after the ninth and before the eleventh. I fear not death; tis the form of death that I lament. Save me from shipwreck and death will be a boon. Tis something worth if falling by fate2 or by the steel one rests in death upon the solid ground, utters some parting words to friends, and looks forward to a tomb'not to be the food of fishes in the sea." + }, + { + "id": 14664, + "la": "fingite me dignum tali nece, non ego solus hic vehor inmeritos cur mea poena trahit? pro superi viridesque dei, quibus aequora curae, utraque iam vestras sistite turba minas, quamque dedit vitam mitissima Caesaris ira, hanc sinite infelix in loca iussa feram si quam commerui, poenam me pendere vultis, culpa mea est ipso iudice morte minor mittere me Stygias si iam voluisset in undas Caesar, in hoc vestra non eguisset ope est illi nostri non invidiosa cruoris copia; quodque dedit, cum volet, ipse feret", + "en": "Suppose me deserving of such a death, yet I am not here the only passenger. Why does my punishment involve the innocent? O ye gods above and ye of the green flood, who rule the waters,'stay ye now, both hosts of you, your threats. The life that Caesars merciful wrath has granted, let me carry, unhappy man that I am, to the appointed place. If ye wish me to pay the penalty which I have deserved, my fault even in my judges eyes merits not death. If ere now Caesar had wished to send me to the waters of the Styx, he had not needed your aid in this. He has a power over my life which ye may not begrudge; and what he has granted he will take away when he shall wish." + }, + { + "id": 14665, + "la": "vos modo, quos certe nullo, puto, crimine laesi, contenti nostris iam, precor, este malis! nec tamen, ut cuncti miserum servare velitis, quod periit, salvum iam caput esse potest, ut mare considat ventisque ferentibus utar, ut mihi parcatis, non minus exul ero non ego divitias avidus sine fine parandi latum mutandis mercibus aequor aro, nec peto, quas quondam petii studiosus, Athenas, oppida non Asiae, non loca visa prius, non ut Alexandri claram delatus ad urbem delicias videam, Nile iocose, tuas quod faciles opto ventos,'quis credere possit4?' Sarmatis est tellus, quam mea vela petunt obligor, ut tangam laevi fera litora Ponti; quodque sit a patria tam fuga tarda, queror", + "en": "But ye, whom surely no crime of mine has wronged, be content by now with my woes. And yet, though ye be all willing to save a wretch, that life which is lost cannot now be safe. Even should the sea grow calm and favouring breezes bear me on'even should ye spare me'I shall be not less an exile. Not in greed of limitless wealth do I plough the sea to trade my wares nor am I on my way to Athens as once I was while a student, nor to the cities of Asia, nor the places I have seen before, nor am I sailing to Alexanders famous city to see thy pleasures, merry Nile. The reason of my prayers for favouring winds (who could believe it?) is the Sarmatian land, the object of my voyage. I am making vows to reach the wild shores of ill-omened1 Pontus, and I complain that my journey into exile from my native land is so slow!" + }, + { + "id": 14666, + "la": "nescio quo videam positos ut in orbe Tomitas, exilem facio per mea vota viam", + "en": "That I may see the Tomitans, situate in some corner of the world, I am trying to shorten the road by prayer!" + }, + { + "id": 14667, + "la": "seu me diligitis, tantos conpescite fluctus, pronaque sint nostrae numina vestra rati;", + "en": "If it be that you love me, restrain these mighty billows, and let your powers favour my bark;" + }, + { + "id": 14668, + "la": "seu magis odistis, iussae me advertite terrae: supplicii pars est in regione mei ferte'quid hic facio?'rapidi mea carbasa venti!", + "en": "or if you detest me, turn me towards the ordained land; a part of my punishment consists in the place of it. Drive on my ship, swift winds! What have I to do here?" + }, + { + "id": 14669, + "la": "Ausonios fines cur mea vela volunt? noluit hoc Caesar quid, quem fugat ille, tenetis? aspiciat vultus Pontica terra meos et iubet et merui; nec, quae damnaverit ille, crimina defendi fasque piumque puto si tamen acta deos numquam mortalia fallunt, a culpa facinus scitis abesse mea immo ita si scitis, si me meus abstulit error, stultaque mens nobis, non scelerata fuit, quamlibet in minimis, domui si favimus illi, si satis Augusti publica iussa mihi, hoc duce si dixi felicia saecula, proque Caesare tura pius Caesaribusque dedi,", + "en": "Why do my sails crave the Ausonian land? This was not Caesars will. Why do you detain one whom he drives forth? Let the land of Pontus behold my face. He commands it and I have deserved it; nor do I account it lawful and righteous to defend the sins that he has condemned. Yet if human acts never deceive the gods, ye know that no guilty deed is connected with my fault. Nay, if such your knowledge, if a mistake of mine has carried me away, if stupid was my mind, not criminal, if in matters however small I have supported that house with favour, if the public commands of Augustus were in my eyes sufficient; if under his lead I have sung of a happy age, and for Caesar and his house1 have loyally offered incense;" + }, + { + "id": 14670, + "la": "' si fuit hic animus nobis, ita parcite divi! si minus, alta cadens obruat unda caput! fallor, an incipiunt gravidae vanescere nubes, victaque mutati frangitur ira maris? non casu, vos sed sub condicione vocati, fallere quos non est, hanc mihi fertis opem", + "en": "'if such has been my spirit, then spare me, gods! If not, may a towering wave fall and whelm my head! Am I wrong or do the heavy clouds begin to melt away and is the frenzy of the changing sea being conquered and subdued? It is no chance, but ye, summoned to hear my pledge, ye whom we cannot deceive, are bringing me this succour!" + }, + { + "id": 14671, + "la": "Cum subit illius tristissima noctis imago, quod mihi supremum tempus in urbe fuit, cum repeto noctem, qua tot mihi cara reliqui, labitur ex oculis nunc quoque gutta meis", + "en": "When steals upon me the gloomy memory of that night which marked my latest hours in the city'when I recall that night on which I left so many things dear to me, even now from my eyes the teardrops fall." + }, + { + "id": 14672, + "la": "iam prope lux aderat, qua me discedere Caesar finibus extremae iusserat Ausoniae", + "en": "Already the morning was close at hand on which Caesar had bidden me to depart from Ausonias furthest bounds." + }, + { + "id": 14673, + "la": "nec spatium nec mens fuerat satis apta parandi: torpuerant dempta pectora nostra mora non mihi servorum, comitis non cura legendi, non aptae profugo vestis opisve fuit non aliter stupui, quam qui Iovis ignibus ictus vivit et est vitae nescius ipse suae ut tamen hanc animi nubem dolor ipse removit, et tandem sensus convaluere mei, adloquor extremum maestos abiturus amicos, qui modo de multis unus et alter erant uxor amans flentem flens acrius ipsa tenebat, imbre per indignas usque cadente genas nata procul Libycis aberat diversa sub oris, nec poterat fati certior esse mei quocumque aspiceres, luctus gemitusque sonabant, formaque non taciti funeris intus erat", + "en": "No time had there been or spirit to prepare what might suit best; my mind had become numb with delay denied me. I took no thought to select my slaves or a companion or the clothing and outfit suited to an exile. I was as dazed as one who, smitten by the fire of Jove, still lives and knows not that he lives. But when my very pain drove away the cloud upon my mind and at length my senses revived, I addressed for the last time as I was about to depart my sorrowing friends of whom, just now so many, but one or two remained. My loving wife was in my arms as I wept, herself weeping more bitterly, tears raining constantly over her innocent cheeks. My daughter was far separated from us on the shores of Libya, and we could not inform her of my fate. Wherever you had looked was the sound of mourning and lamentation, and within the house was the semblance of a funeral with its loud outcries." + }, + { + "id": 14674, + "la": "iamque quiescebant voces hominumque canumque, Lunaque nocturnos alta regebat equos hanc ego suspiciens et ad hanc Capitolia cernens, quae nostro frustra iuncta fuere Lari, numina vicinis habitantia sedibus, inquam, iamque oculis numquam templa videnda meis, dique relinquendi, quos urbs habet alta Quirini, este salutati tempus in omne mihi", + "en": "Now the voices of men and dogs were hushed and the moon aloft was guiding her steeds through the night. Gazing up at her, and by her light at the Capitol, which, all in vain, adjoined my home, I prayed: Ye deities that dwell near by and ye temples never henceforth to be seen by my eyes, ye gods of this lofty city of Quirinus, whom I must leave, receive from me this my salutation for all time!" + }, + { + "id": 14675, + "la": "femina virque meo, pueri quoque, funere maerent, inque domo lacrimas angulus omnis habet si licet exemplis in parvo grandibus uti, haec facies Troiae, cum caperetur, erat", + "en": "Men and women, children too, grieved at this funeral of mine; in my home every corner had its tears. If one may use in a lowly case a lofty example, such was the appearance of Troy in the hour of her capture." + }, + { + "id": 14676, + "la": "et quamquam sero clipeum post vulnera sumo, attamen hanc odiis exonerate fugam,", + "en": "And although too late I take up the shield when wounded, yet disburden of hatreds this banishment of mine;" + }, + { + "id": 14677, + "la": "Res eadem adsidue momento volvitur uno atque redit dispar res eadem adsidue", + "en": "The same thing constantly rolls on with uniform movement, and unlike its old self returns the same thing constantly." + }, + { + "id": 14678, + "la": "vindice facta manu Progne pia dicta sorori, impia sed nato vindice facta manu", + "en": "By her avenging hand, legend says, Progne proved loyal to her sister but proved disloyal to her son by her avenging hand." + }, + { + "id": 14679, + "la": "carmine visa suo Colchis fuit ulta maritum, sed scelerata fuit carmine visa suo", + "en": "Through her incantation the Colchian was seen to have revenged herself on her husband, but she was seen to be guilt-stained through her incantation." + }, + { + "id": 14680, + "la": "coniugis Eurydice precibus remeabat ad auras, rursus abit vitio coniugis Eurydice", + "en": "Her consorts entreaties all but won Eurydices return to upper air: again is Eurydice lost through the fault of her consort." + }, + { + "id": 14681, + "la": "sanguine poma rubent Thisbae nece tincta repente:", + "en": "Red with blood is the fruit suddenly stained by Thisbes death:" + }, + { + "id": 14682, + "la": "candida quae fuerant, sanguine poma rubent", + "en": "a the fruit which once was white is red with blood." + }, + { + "id": 14683, + "la": "Daedalus arte sua fugit Minoia regna, amisit natum Daedalus arte sua", + "en": "By his skill Daedalus escaped from the realms of Crete: his son (Icarus) was lost to Daedalus by his skill." + }, + { + "id": 14684, + "la": "munere Palladio laeti qua nocte fuere, hac periere Phryges munere Palladio", + "en": "Minervas gift ruined the Trojans on that same night in which they were gladdened by Minervas gift" + }, + { + "id": 14685, + "la": "nate quod alter ades caelo, sunt gaudia Ledae;", + "en": "O son, because thou, the one twin, art present in the sky, Leda feels joy;" + }, + { + "id": 14686, + "la": "sed maeret mater, nate quod alter abes", + "en": "but her maternal heart is sore, O son, because thou, the other twin, art not present." + }, + { + "id": 14687, + "la": "hostia et ipse fuit diri Busiridis hospes Busirisque aris hostia et ipse fuit", + "en": "A victim of dread Busiris was the stranger his very self, and Busiris at. the altar his very self was a victim." + }, + { + "id": 14688, + "la": "Theseus Hippolyto vitam per vota rogavit, optavit mortem Theseus Hippolyto", + "en": "For Hippolytus Theseus sought long life in his prayers; yet Theseus prayer was death for Hippolytus." + }, + { + "id": 14689, + "la": "stipite fatifero iuste quae fratribus usa est,", + "en": "A fatal brand Althaea used justly for avenging her brothers," + }, + { + "id": 14690, + "la": "mater saeva fuit stipite fatifero", + "en": "and a cruel mother she proved herself with that same fatal brand." + }, + { + "id": 14691, + "la": "sola relicta toris flevisti in litore, Cnosis; laetaris caelo sola relicta toris", + "en": "Left alone on thy couch, O Cretan lady, thou didst weep upon the strand; thou now rejoicest in the sky because thou wast left alone on thy couch." + }, + { + "id": 14692, + "la": "aurea lana fuit, Phrixum quae per mare vexit;", + "en": "The Golden Fleece it was which bore Phrixus oer the sea:" + }, + { + "id": 14693, + "la": "Helle qua lapsa est, aurea lana fuit", + "en": "that from which Helle fell was the Golden Fleece." + }, + { + "id": 14694, + "la": "Tantalis est numero natorum facta superba, natorum afflicta Tantalis est numero", + "en": "The Tantalid grew proud over the number of her children: in the number of her children grief crushed the Tantalid." + }, + { + "id": 14695, + "la": "Pelias hasta fuit, vulnus grave quae dedit hosti; hoc quae sanavit, Pelias hasta fuit", + "en": "Achilles spear a it was which dealt the enemy a heavy blow: what also cured the wound was Achilles spear." + }, + { + "id": 14696, + "la": "per mare iacta ratis pleno subit ostia velo, in portu mersa est per mare iacta ratis", + "en": "The sea-tost barque enters the river-mouth under full sail; but in harbour sinks the sea-tost barque." + }, + { + "id": 14697, + "la": "lux cito summa datur natusque exstinguitur infans atque animae eximiae lux cito summa datur", + "en": "Soon is the final day assigned and the new-born child cut off: likewise to illustrious life soon is the final day assigned." + }, + { + "id": 14698, + "la": "sunt mala laetitiae diversa lege creata, iuncta autem adsidue sunt mala laetitiae", + "en": "Evils and joy are made on a different pattern: yet are they constantly linked'evils and joy" + }, + { + "id": 14699, + "la": "Sentio, fugit hiems; Zephyrisque animantibus orbem iam tepet Eurus aquis: sentio, fugit hiemp", + "en": "Winter, I feel, has fled; and while Zephyrs quicken the world, Eurus is already genial on the waters: winter, I feel, has fled." + }, + { + "id": 14700, + "la": "parturit omnis ager, persentit terra calores, germinibusque novis parturit omnis ager", + "en": "Every field is in travail: earth feels thrills of warmth throughout: with the new buds every field is in travail." + }, + { + "id": 14701, + "la": "laeta virecta tument, folio sese induit arbor:", + "en": "Green copses swell joyously: the tree robes herself with leaves:" + }, + { + "id": 14702, + "la": "vallibus apricis laeta virecta tument", + "en": "in sunlit dales green copses swell joyously." + }, + { + "id": 14703, + "la": "iam Philomela gemit modulis, Ityn impia mater oblatum mensis iam Philomela gemit", + "en": "Now doth Philomel lament in tuneful notes; now, for that Itys was served at the board, doth the impious mother Philomel lament." + }, + { + "id": 14704, + "la": "monte tumultus aquae properat per levia saxa, et late resonat monte tumultus aquae", + "en": "From the hill the tumultuous stream speeds among the smooth-worn stones: far and wide resounds from the hill the tumultuous stream." + }, + { + "id": 14705, + "la": "floribus innumeris pingit sola flatus Eoi, Tempeaque exhalant floribus innumeris", + "en": "With flowers beyond all count the breath of the Orient wind decks the ground; and vales like Tempe are fragrant with flowers beyond all count." + }, + { + "id": 14706, + "la": "per cava saxa sonat pecudum mugitibus Echo, voxque repulsa iugis per cava saxa sonat", + "en": "Mid hollow rocks resounds Echo to the lowing herd: the note reverberated by the heights mid hollow rocks resounds." + }, + { + "id": 14707, + "la": "vitea musta tument vicinas iuncta per ulmos;", + "en": "Wine-filled clusters a swell, linked among their neighbour elms:" + }, + { + "id": 14708, + "la": "fronde maritata vitea musta tument", + "en": "mid married leafage wine-filled clusters swell." + }, + { + "id": 14709, + "la": "nota tigilla linit iam garrula luce chelidon;", + "en": "The familiar roof-timber already at daybreak is being smeared with mud by the twittering swallow;" + }, + { + "id": 14710, + "la": "dum recolit nidos, nota tigilla linit", + "en": "as she repairs her nest, she smears the familiar roof-timber." + }, + { + "id": 14711, + "la": "sub platano viridi iucundat somnus in umbra,", + "en": "Under the green plane-tree sleep takes pleasure in the shade" + }, + { + "id": 14712, + "la": "sertaque texuntur sub platano viridi", + "en": "and garlands are a-twining under the green plane-tree." + }, + { + "id": 14713, + "la": "tunc quoque dulce mori, tunc fila recurrite fusis: inter et amplexus tunc quoque dulce mori", + "en": "Then too twere sweet to die: then run, ye threads of destiny, back on the spindles: b amid embraces then too twere sweet to die." + }, + { + "id": 14714, + "la": "Cui pater amnis erat, fontes puer ille colebat,", + "en": "The youth who had a river for sire was ever fond of fountains:" + }, + { + "id": 14715, + "la": "laudabatque undas, cui pater amnis erat", + "en": "the waters won praise from him who had a river for sire." + }, + { + "id": 14716, + "la": "se puer ipse videt, patrem dum quaerit in amne,", + "en": "The youth beholds himself as he seeks his sire in the river;" + }, + { + "id": 14717, + "la": "perspicuoque lacu se puer ipse videt", + "en": "in the translucent pool the youth beholds himself." + }, + { + "id": 14718, + "la": "quod Dryas igne calet, puer hunc irridet amorem;", + "en": "When a Dryad is fired with passion, the youth flouts such love:" + }, + { + "id": 14719, + "la": "nec putat esse decus, quod Dryas igne calet", + "en": "he deems it neer an honour that a Dryad is fired with passion." + }, + { + "id": 14720, + "la": "stat stupet haeret amat rogat innuit adspicit ardet blanditur queritur stat stupet haeret amat", + "en": "He stands astonished; halts and falls in love, questions, nods, gazes all aflame; now coaxing, now reproaching, he stands astonished; halts and falls in love." + }, + { + "id": 14721, + "la": "quodque amat, ipse facit vultu prece lumine fletu; oscula dat fonti, quodque amat ipse facit", + "en": "And what he loves, himself he makes d in look, entreaty, eye and tears; prints kisses on the fountain, and what he loves, himself he makes." + }, + { + "id": 14722, + "la": "Hic est ille, suis nimium qui credidit undis, Narcissus vero dignus amore puer", + "en": "This is he who trusted overmuch in the pools which were his kin'the youth Narcissus, worthy of no counterfeit love." + }, + { + "id": 14723, + "la": "cernis ab irriguo repetentem gramine ripas, ut per quas periit cernere possit aquas", + "en": "You behold him making again from the moist meadow for the river-banks in hope of beholding the waters which wrought his doom." + }, + { + "id": 14724, + "la": "Chrysocome gladium fugiens stringente marito texit adulterium iudice casta reo", + "en": "Chrysocome escaping from the sword as her husband drew it veiled her adultery by being found innocent when the culprit acted as judge." + }, + { + "id": 14725, + "la": "Crede ratem ventis, animum ne crede puellis; namque est feminea tutior unda fide", + "en": "Trust to the winds thy barque, but to a girl Never thy hearts affections; for the swirl Of ocean wave is less to be eschewed Than womans faith." + }, + { + "id": 14726, + "la": "femina nulla bona est, vel, si bona contigit una, nescio quo fato est res mala facta bona", + "en": "No woman can be good, Or if a good one comes, then freakish fate Good out of ill has managed to create." + }, + { + "id": 14727, + "la": "Nuntia diluvii iam decrescentis ad arcam ore columba refert ramum viridantis olivae corvus enim ingluvie per foeda cadavera captus haeserat; illa datae revehit nova gaudia pacis", + "en": "Telling that the flood is now abating, the dove brings back to the ark in her mouth a branch of a green olive tree. For the raven being possessed with voracity had stayed among the loathsome bodies. but the dove brings home the joyful news of the gift of peace." + }, + { + "id": 14728, + "la": "Hospitium hoc Domini est, ilex ubi frondea Mambrae armentale senis protexit culmen; in ista risit Sarra casa subolis sibi gaudia sera ferri et decrepitum sic credere posse maritum", + "en": "This is the lodging which entertained the Lord, where a leafy oak at Mamre covered the old herdsmans shelter. In this cabin Sarah laughed to think that the joy of a child was offered to her late in life, and that her husband in his decline could so believe." + }, + { + "id": 14729, + "la": "Abraham mercatus agrum, cui conderet ossa coniugis, in terris quoniam peregrina moratur iustitia atque fides: hoc illi milibus emptum spelaeum, sanctae requies ubi parta favillae est", + "en": "Abraham purchased a field wherein to lay his wifes bones, inasmuch as righteousness and faith dwell as strangers on the earth. This cave he bought at a great price, and here a resting place was acquired for her holy ashes." + }, + { + "id": 14730, + "la": "Bis septem spicae, vaccae totidem Pharaoni per somnum visae portendunt dispare forma uberis atque famis duo per septennia tempus instare; hoc solvit patriarcha interprete Christo", + "en": "Twice seven ears of corn and as many cows appearing to Pharaoh in his sleep portend by their different figures that a time of plenty and a time of famine over two spans of seven years are coming upon him. This the patriarch expounds, learning its meaning from Christ." + }, + { + "id": 14731, + "la": "Venditus insidiis fratrum puer ipse vicissim cratera in farris sacco clam praecipit abdi, utque reos furti Ioseph tenet, auctio fallax proditur, agnoscunt fratrem veniaque pudescunt", + "en": "The same boy who was sold by his brothers stratagem gives in his turn secret order that a bowl be hidden in a sack of corn; and when Joseph detains them on accusation of theft the treacherous sale is discovered. They recognise their brother and are put to shame by his forgiveness." + }, + { + "id": 14732, + "la": "Sentibus involitans Deus igneus ore corusco conpellat iuvenem, pecoris tunc forte magistrum ille capit iussus virgam; fit vipera virga solvit vincla pedum; properat Pharaonis ad arcem", + "en": "God in the form of fire playing on the thorn-bushes with flashing countenance accosts a young man who was at that time, as it chanced, the master of a herd. He being bidden takes his rod, and the rod becomes a serpent. He unlooses the ties on his feet, and hastens to Pharaohs court." + }, + { + "id": 14733, + "la": "Tutus agit vir iustus iter vel per mare magnum ecce Dei famulis scissim freta rubra dehiscunt, cum peccatores rabidos eadem freta mergant obruitur Pharao, patuit via libera Moysi", + "en": "The righteous man passes on his way in safety even through the great waters. Behold, the Red Sea yawns apart for the servants of God, while the same sea drowns the furious evil-doers. Pharaoh is overwhelmed, but the way was free and open for Moses." + }, + { + "id": 14734, + "la": "Fumat montis apex divinis ignibus, in quo scripta decem verbis saxorum pagina Moysi traditur; ille suos suscepta lege revisit forma sed his vituli solus deus et deus aurum", + "en": "The mountain-top is smoking with the divine fire, where the tables of stone inscribed with the ten commandments are handed to Moses. Taking up the law he returns to his people, but their only god is in the shape of a calf, their god is gold" + }, + { + "id": 14735, + "la": "Panibus angelicis albent tentoria patrum certa fides facti: tenet urceus aureus exim servatum manna; ingratis venit altera nubes atque avidos carnis saturat congesta coturnix", + "en": "The fathers tents are white with bread that angels sent. Belief in the fact is sure; for a golden pitcher holds manna kept from that time. To the ungrateful people comes another cloud, and heaps of quails glut their hunger for flesh" + }, + { + "id": 14736, + "la": "Fervebat via sicca heremi serpentibus atris, iamque venenati per vulnera livida morsus carpebant populum, sed prudens aere politum dux cruce suspendit, qui virus temperet, anguem Aspera gustatu populo sitiente lacuna tristificos latices stagnanti felle tenebat Moyses sanctus ait: lignum date, gurgitem in istum conicite, in dulcem vertentur amara saporem Devenere viri Moysi duce, sex ubi fontes et sex forte alii vitreo de rore rigabant septenas decies palmas; qui mysticus Aelim lucus apostolicum numerum libris quoque pinxit", + "en": "The dry way through the wilderness was swarming with deadly serpents and now their poisoned bites were destroying the people with livid wounds; but the wise leader hangs up on a cross a serpent wrought in brass to take its force from the venom.b The people thirsted, but the pond was harsh to the taste, holding waters that were bitter in the mouth, a pool of gall. Moses the holy one says: Get me a piece of wood. Throw it into this pool, and its bitterness will be turned to a sweet savour.c The people, led by Moses, came to a place where they found six springs and again six more, with glassy water giving moisture to seventy palm-trees. This mystic grove of Elim represented the number of the apostles in the Scriptures too" + }, + { + "id": 14737, + "la": "In fontem refluo Iordanis gurgite fertur, dum calcanda Dei populis vada sicca relinquit; testes bis seni lapides, quos flumine in ipso constituere patres in formam discipulorum", + "en": "Jordan with back-flowing stream moves towards its source, leaving a dry crossing to be trodden by the people of God; witness the twelve stones which the fathers set in the river itself, prefiguring the disciples" + }, + { + "id": 14738, + "la": "Procubuit Iericho, sola stant atria Raab hospita sanctorum meretrix (tanta est fidei vis) incolumi secura domo spectabile coccum ignibus adversis in signum sanguinis offert", + "en": "Jericho has fallen and only the house of Rahab stands. The harlot who entertained the holy men'so great is the power of faith'is without fear and her house is saved; she puts out her bit of scarlet in face of the flames to catch the eye and be a token of blood." + }, + { + "id": 14739, + "la": "Invictum virtute comae leo frangere Samson adgreditur; necat ille feram, sed ab ore leonis mella fluunt; maxilla asini fontem vomit ultro: stultitia exundat lymphis, dulcedine virtus Ter centum vulpes Samson capit, ignibus armat, pone faces caudis circumligat, in sata mittit allophylum segetesque cremat: sic callida vulpes nunc heresis flammas vitiorum spargit in agros David parvus erat, fratrum ultimus, et modo Iesse cura gregis, citharam formans ad ovile paternum, inde ad delicias regis; mox horrida bella conserit et funda sternit stridente Golian", + "en": "A lion tries to rend Samson, whose hair makes him invincible. He slays the wild beast, but from the lions mouth flow streams of honey; and the jawbone of an ass pours forth water of itself. Foolishness overflows with water, strength with sweetness. Samson catches three hundred foxes and arms them with fire, tying brands to their tails behind, and lets them loose into the Philistines crops and burns up their corn. Just so nowadays the cunning fox of heresy scatters the flames of sin over the fields. David was a child, the youngest of his brothers, and now in charge of Jesses flock, tuning his harp by his fathers sheepfold, which was afterwards to be for the kings pleasure. Later he makes fearful wars, and with a whizzing sling lays low Goliath." + }, + { + "id": 14740, + "la": "Regia mirifici fulgent insignia David, sceptrum, oleum, cornu, diadema et purpura et ara omnia conveniunt Christo, chlamys atque corona, virga potestatis, cornu crucis, altar, olivum", + "en": "The marvellous Davids royal emblems shine bright,'sceptre, oil, horn, diadem, purple robe and altar. They all befit Christ, the robe and crown, the rod of power, the horn of the cross, the altar, the oil." + }, + { + "id": 14741, + "la": "Aedificat templum Sapientia per Solomonis obsequium; regina austri grave congerit aurum tempus adest quo templum hominis sub pectore Christus aedificet, quod Graia colant, quod barbara ditent Forte prophetarum nati dum ligna recidunt fiuminis in ripa, cecidit discussa bipennis gurgite submersum est ferrum, sed mox leve lignum iniectum stagnis ferrum revocabile fecit Gens Hebraeorum peccamine capta frequenti fleverat exilium dirae Babylonis ad amnes; tum patrios cantare modos praecepta recusat organaque in ramis salicis suspendit amarae Hic bonus Ezechias meruit ter quinque per annos praescriptum proferre diem legemque obeundi tendere, quod gradibus quos vespera texerat umbra lumine perfusis docuit sol versus in ortum", + "en": "Wisdom builds a temple by Solomons obedient hands, and the queen of the South piles up a great weight of gold. The time is at hand when Christ shall build his temple in the heart of man, and Greece shall reverence it and lands not Greek enrich it. It chanced that while the sons of the prophets were cutting timber on the rivers bank an axe-head was struck from its shaft and fell. The iron sank in the depths, but presently a light piece of wood thrown into the water brought the iron within reach again. The people of the Hebrews, made captive by reason of their many sins, had wept over their exile by the rivers of cruel Babylon. Then being bidden to sing their native songs, they refuse, and hang their instruments of music on the branches of the bitter willow tree. Here good Hezekiah gained the privilege of postponing his appointed day and delaying the law of death for fifteen years; and this the sun proved by returning towards his rising and bathing in light the degrees which evening had covered with its shadow." + }, + { + "id": 14742, + "la": "Adventante Deo descendit nuntius alto Gabriel Patris ex solio sedemque repente intrat virgineam Sanctus te Spiritus, inquit, inplebit, Maria, Christum paries, sacra virgo. Sancta Bethlem caput est orbis quae protulit Iesum, orbis principium, caput ipsum principiorum urbs hominem Christum genuit, qui Christus agebat ante Deus quam sol fieret, quam lucifer esset Hic pretiosa Magi sub virginis ubere Christo dona ferunt puero myrrhaeque et turis et auri miratur genetrix tot casti ventris honores, seque Deum genuisse hominem, Regem quoque summum Pervigiles pastorum oculos vis luminis inplet angelici natum celebrans de virgine Christum inveniunt tectum pannis; praesepe iacenti cuna erat; exultant alacres et numen adorant", + "en": "The coming of God being at hand, Gabriel comes down as a messenger from the Fathers throne on high and unexpectedly enters a virgins dwelling. The Holy Spirit, he says, will make thee with child, Mary, and thou shalt bear the Christ, thou holy virgin. Holy Bethlehem is the head of the world, for it brought forth Jesus from whom the world began, himself the head and source of all beginnings. This city gave birth to Christ as man, yet this Christ lived as God before the sun was made or the morning star existed. Here the wise men bring costly gifts to the child Christ on the virgins breast, of myrrh and incense and gold. The mother marvels at all the honours paid to the fruit of her pure womb, and that she has given birth to one who is both God and man and king supreme. The strong angelic light fills the shepherds wakeful eyes, publishing abroad the birth of Christ from a virgin. They find Him wrapped in swaddling-clothes, and a manger was the cradle in which He lay. They rejoice with great gladness and worship his divinity" + }, + { + "id": 14743, + "la": "Inpius innumeris infantum caedibus hostis perfurit Herodes, dum Christum quaerit in illis fumant lacteolo parvorum sanguine cunae vulneribusque madent calidis pia pectora matrum Perfundit fluvio pastus Baptista locustis silvarumque favis et amictus veste cameli; tinxerat et Christum, sed Spiritus aethere missus testatur tinctum qui tinctis crimina donet Excidio templi veteris stat pinna superstes; structus enim lapide ex illo manet angulus usque in saeclum saecli, quem sprerunt aedificantes; nunc caput est templi et lapidum conpago novorum Foedera coniugii celebrabant auspice coetu forte Galilei; iam derant vina ministris;", + "en": "The wicked enemy Herod slaughters countless babes, raging furiously in the search for Christ among them. The cradles reek with the milky blood of the little ones, and the mothers loving breasts are wetted from the hot wounds. The Baptist, who fed on locusts and on honey from the woods and clothed himself in camels hair, bathes his followers in the stream. He baptised Christ too, when suddenly the Spirit sent from heaven bears witness that it is He who forgives sin to the baptised who has himself been baptised. A pinnacle stands surviving the destruction of the old temple; for the corner built with that stone which the builders rejected remains for all time, and now it is the head of the temple and the joint which holds new stones together. It chanced that people of Galilee were celebrating a union in marriage in the presence of a company of well-wishers, and now the servants were short of wine." + }, + { + "id": 14744, + "la": "Christus vasa iubet properanter aquaria lymphis inpleri; inde meri veteris defunditur unda", + "en": "Christ bids them quickly fill water-pots with water, and there is poured out from them a stream of old wine unwatered." + }, + { + "id": 14745, + "la": "morborum medicina latex, quem spiritus horis eructat variis fusum ratione latenti; Siloam vocitant, sputis ubi conlita caeci lumina Salvator iussit de fonte lavari", + "en": "The water is a remedy for diseases; it is emitted with a gush at different times, and the cause of its flowing is unknown. Men call it Siloam; here the Saviour smeared a blind mans eyes with his spittle and bade him wash them in the water of the spring." + }, + { + "id": 14746, + "la": "Praemia saltatrix poscit funebria virgo Iohannis caput, abscisum quod lance reportet incestae ad gremium matris; fert regia donum psaltria respersis manibus de sanguine iusto It mare per medium Dominus fluctusque liquentes calce terens iubet instabili descendere cumba discipulum, sed mortalis trepidatio plantas mergit; at ille manum regit et vestigia firmat Vincla sepulcrali sub carcere ferrea daemon fregerat: erumpit pedibusque advolvitur Iesu ast hominem Dominus sibi vindicat et iubet hostem porcorum furiare greges ac per freta mergi", + "en": "A dancing-girl demands a deathly fee, the head of John cut off so that she may carry it back on a plate to lay it in her impure mothers lap. The royal artiste bears the gift, her hands bespattered with righteous blood. The Lord passes over the midst of the sea, and as He treads with his foot on the flowing waters bids his disciple come down from the rocking boat. But the mortal mans fear makes his feet sink. Christ takes him by the hand and leads him, and makes his steps firm. A devil had broken his bonds of iron in the prison of a tomb; he bursts out and throws himself at Jesus feet. But the Lord claims the man for himself and bids his enemy drive the herds of swine mad and plunge into the sea." + }, + { + "id": 14747, + "la": "Quinque Deus panes fregit piscesque gemellos, his hominum large saturavit milia quinque inplentur nimio micarum fragmine corbes bis seni, aeternae tanta est opulentia mensae", + "en": "God broke five loaves and a pair of fish and with these fed five thousand people full with abundance. Twelve baskets are filled with the excess of broken morsels; such are the riches of the everlasting table." + }, + { + "id": 14748, + "la": "Conscius insignis facti locus in Bethania vidit ab inferna te, Lazare, sede reversum apparet scissum fractis foribus monumentum unde putrescentis redierunt membra sepulti Campus Acheldemach sceleris mercede nefandi venditus exequias recipit tumulosus humandas sanguinis hoc pretium est Christi Iuda eminus artat infelix collum laqueo pro crimine tanto Inpia blasphemi cecidit domus ecce Caiphae, in qua pulsata est alapis facies sacra Christi hic peccatores manet exitus, obruta quorum vita ruinosis tumulis sine fine iacebit Vinctus in his Dominus stetit aedibus, atque columnae adnexus tergum dedit ut servile flagellis", + "en": "A spot in Bethany was witness of a glorious deed when it saw thee, Lazarus, returned from the abode of death. The tomb is seen cleft open, its doors broken, whence the body has come back after it was mouldering in the grave. The field Aceldama, which was sold for the price of a sin unspeakable, receives bodies for burial and is covered with graves. This is the price of the blood of Christ. The unhappy Judas, hanging off the ground, draws a noose tight about his neck for his great crime. You see the unholy house of Caiaphas the false accuser has fallen, the house in which Christs sacred face was buffeted. This is the end that awaits sinners; their life will lie for ever buried in heaps of ruins. In this house stood the Lord bound and tied to a pillar, and submitted his back like a slaves to the scourging." + }, + { + "id": 14749, + "la": "perstat adhuc templumque gerit veneranda columna, nosque docet cunctis inmunes vivere flagris", + "en": "This pillar, worthy of all reverence, still stands and supports a church, a teaching us to live in freedom from all whips." + }, + { + "id": 14750, + "la": "Traiectus per utrumque latus laticem atque cruorem Christus agit: sanguis victoria, lympha lavacrum est tunc duo discordant crucibus hinc inde latrones contiguis: negat ille Deum, fert iste coronam Christum non tenuit saxum, non claustra sepulcri; mors illi devicta iacet, calcavit abyssum sanctorum populus superas simul ivit ad oras; seque dedit multis tactuque oculisque probandum Montis oliviferi Christus de vertice sursum ad Patrem rediit signans vestigia pacis frondibus aeternis praepinguis liquitur umor, qui probat infusum terris de chrismate donum", + "en": "Pierced through either side, Christ gives forth water and blood. The blood is victory, the water baptism. At this time two robbers on crosses close by on either hand are at variance; the one denies God, the other wins the crown. Neither stone nor the bars of the grave have held Christ captive. Death lies vanquished by Him, He has trodden on the pit. With Him a multitude of the saints passed to the heavenly regions; and He presented himself to many to be proved by touch and sight. From the top of the mount where the olive trees grow Christ returned to the Father, imprinting there the footmarkse of peace. A liquor passing rich flows from the everlasting boughs, showing that the gift of unction has been poured on the earth." + }, + { + "id": 14751, + "la": "Primus init Stephanus mercedem sanguinis imbri adflictus lapidum; Christum tamen ille cruentus inter saxa rogat ne sit lapidatio fraudi hostibus o primae pietas miranda coronae!", + "en": "Stephen is the first to enter into the reward for blood, being dashed down under a rain of stones. But while he is bleeding amid the stones he asks Christ that the stoning may not be laid to his enemies charge. How marvellous the love shown by the first who won the crown!" + }, + { + "id": 14752, + "la": "Porta manet templi, Speciosam quam vocitarunt, egregium Solomonis opus; sed maius in illa Christi opus emicuit; nam claudus surgere iussus ore Petri stupuit laxatos currere gressus Somniat inlapsum Petrus alto ex aethere discum confertum omnigenis animalibus: ille recusat mandere, sed Dominus iubet omnia munda putare surgit et inmundas vocat ad mysteria gentes Hic lupus ante rapax vestitur vellere molli: Saulus qui fuerat, fit adempto lumine Paulus mox recipit visum, fit apostolus ac populorum doctor et ore potens corvos mutare columbis", + "en": "The gate of the Temple which men called the Beautiful still stands. It is the illustrious work of Solomon, but at that gate a greater work of Christ shone forth. For a lame man bidden by Peters lips to rise was amazed to find his feet loosened and able to run. Peter dreams that a dish filled with all kinds of beasts has come down from high heaven. He refuses to eat, but the Lord bids him count all clean. He arises, and calls the unclean nations into the knowledge of the divine mysteries. Here one who was formerly a ravening wolf is clothed in a soft fleece. He who was Saul loses his sight and becomes Paul. Then he receives his vision again and is made an apostle and a teacher of the nations, having power with his lips to change crows into doves." + }, + { + "id": 14753, + "la": "Bis duodena senum sedes pateris citharisque", + "en": "Four and twenty elders seated and resplendent with vessels and harps and each his crown of honour are praising the Lamb that is bloodstained from the slaughter, and that alone has been able to unroll the book and undo the seven seals.a" + }, + { + "id": 14754, + "la": "Heu misera in nimios hominum petulantia census", + "en": "All that Nature ever bore," + }, + { + "id": 14755, + "la": "caecus inutilium quo ruit ardor opum,", + "en": "Firm to look at, time makes hoar," + }, + { + "id": 14756, + "la": "auri dira fames et non expleta libido", + "en": "Frail and fleeting more and more," + }, + { + "id": 14757, + "la": "ferali pretio vendat ut omne nefas!", + "en": "Its strength in service losing." + }, + { + "id": 14758, + "la": "sic latebras Eriphyla viri patefecit, ubi aurum", + "en": "Thus it was that Eriphyla betrayed her husbands a hiding-place when she received the gold" + }, + { + "id": 14759, + "la": "accepit, turpis materiam sceleris;", + "en": "that was the cause of her foul crime:" + }, + { + "id": 14760, + "la": "sic quondam Acrisiae in gremium per claustra puellae corruptore auro fluxit adulterium", + "en": "thus it was that long ago through prison-bars there rained in corrupting gold an adulterous stream on the lap of Acrisius daughter." + }, + { + "id": 14761, + "la": "o quam mendose votum insaturabile habendi imbuit infami pectora nostra malo!", + "en": "How culpably the unquenchable longing for possession stains our hearts with scandalous wickedness!" + }, + { + "id": 14762, + "la": "quamlibet immenso dives vigil incubet auro, aestuat augendae dira cupido rei", + "en": "However boundless the gold oer which Dives broods wakefully, within there seethes the accursed lust for adding to his wealth." + }, + { + "id": 14763, + "la": "heu mala paupertas numquam locupletis avari!", + "en": "Alas for the baleful poverty of the miser who is never rich!" + }, + { + "id": 14764, + "la": "dum struere immodice quod tenet optat, eget", + "en": "His desire for a limitless heap of what he holds makes him a beggar." + }, + { + "id": 14765, + "la": "quis metus hic legum quaeve est reverentia veri, crescenti nummo si mage cura subest?", + "en": "What fear is here of laws, what respect for what is fair, if neath his growing bullion-heap there lurk still more the pains of greed?" + }, + { + "id": 14766, + "la": "cognatorum animas promptum est patrumque cruorem fundier: affectus vincit avara fames", + "en": "Taking the lives of kinsmen, shedding a fathers blood comes readily to his mind: miserly hunger masters feeling." + }, + { + "id": 14767, + "la": "divitis est, semper fragiles male quaerere gazas:", + "en": "An evil quest after frail treasures is ever the rich mans way:" + }, + { + "id": 14768, + "la": "nulla huic in lucro cura pudoris erit", + "en": "in the matter of gain he will have no qualms of shame." + }, + { + "id": 14769, + "la": "istud templorum damno excidioque requirit;", + "en": "Such gain it is he pursues, though it mean loss or destruction to temples:" + }, + { + "id": 14770, + "la": "hoc caelo iubeas ut petat: inde petet", + "en": "bid him seek this in heaven and from heaven he will fetch it." + }, + { + "id": 14771, + "la": "mirum ni pulchras artes Romana iuventus discat et egregio sudet in eloquio,", + "en": "It is not unlikely that the young men of Rome learn fine accomplishments and sweat at distinguished rhetoric" + }, + { + "id": 14772, + "la": "ut post iurisonae famosa stipendia linguae", + "en": "only in order that, after the glorious campaigns of an eloquent lawyers tongue," + }, + { + "id": 14773, + "la": "barbaricae ingeniis anteferantur opes", + "en": "they may prize barbaric wealth above talent." + }, + { + "id": 14774, + "la": "at qui sunt, quos propter honestum rumpere foedus audeat illicite pallida avaritia?", + "en": "Yet who are those (glib pleaders) thanks to whom pale avarice ventures on the forbidden crime of breaking an honourable compact?" + }, + { + "id": 14775, + "la": "Romani sermonis egent, ridendaque verba frangit ad horrificos turbida lingua sonos", + "en": "They are beggared of Latin style, and their confused jargon minces ridiculous words to an accompaniment of shocking sounds." + }, + { + "id": 14776, + "la": "sed tamen ex cultu appetitur spes grata nepotum?", + "en": "Yet does their dress prompt the younger generation to indulge pleasing hopes (of legacies)?" + }, + { + "id": 14777, + "la": "saltem istud nostri forsan honoris habent?", + "en": "Have they mayhap such a share at least of our Roman dignity?" + }, + { + "id": 14778, + "la": "ambusti torris species, exesaque saeclo amblant ut priscis corpora de tumulis!", + "en": "No, theirs is the appearance of a burnt-out firebrand: they walk like skeletons gnawed by time from ancient graves!" + }, + { + "id": 14779, + "la": "perplexi crines, frons improba, tempora pressa,", + "en": "Their hair is tangled, forehead impudent, temples thin," + }, + { + "id": 14780, + "la": "exstantes malae deficiente gena,", + "en": "jaws protruding while their cheeks are sunken," + }, + { + "id": 14781, + "la": "simataeque iacent pando sinuamine nares,", + "en": "and their flattened nostrils rest on a tip-tilted curve:" + }, + { + "id": 14782, + "la": "territat os nudum caesaque labra tument", + "en": "the toothless mouth is a terror and the chapped lips are swollen." + }, + { + "id": 14783, + "la": "defossum in ventrem propulso pondere tergum", + "en": "Forced down by the impetus of weight, back sinks to belly;" + }, + { + "id": 14784, + "la": "frangitur et vacuo crure tument genu", + "en": "and the knees swell on a shrunken leg." + }, + { + "id": 14785, + "la": "decolor in malis species, hoc turpius illud,", + "en": "Sallow is the look of their jaws, and it is an uglier feature" + }, + { + "id": 14786, + "la": "quod cutis obscure pallet in invidiam", + "en": "that the skin wears a mysterious pallor suggestive of envy." + }, + { + "id": 14787, + "la": "videris, utrum aures quorundam per imperitiam temere mentionem centri, proportionis, diastematum, climatum vel myrarum epithalamio conducibilem non putent", + "en": "You shall judge whether certain persons ears, owing to inexperience, imagine too hastily that the mention of centrum, proportio, diastemata, climata, myrae, is unsuited to a marriage-poem." + }, + { + "id": 14788, + "la": "quod si aliqui secus atque assero rem se habere censuerint, do quidem absens obtrectatoribus manus; sed noverint sententiam meam discrepantia sentientes sine Marco Varrone, sine Sereno, non Septimio, sed Sammonico, sine Censorino, qui de die natali volumen illustre confecit, non posse damnari", + "en": "Should some people maintain that the facts are not as I declare them to be, I surrender to those cavillers whom I cannot meet face to face; nevertheless, I would have all who differ from me know that my opinion cannot be condemned without condemning Marcus Varro, Serenus , and Censorinus, the author of a fine book On the natal Day." + }, + { + "id": 14789, + "la": "quae si quispiam ut Graeca, sicut sunt, et peregrina verba contempserit, noverit sibi aut semper huiuscemodi artis mentione supersedendum aut nihil omnino se aut certe non ad assem Latiari lingua hinc posse disserere", + "en": "and if anyone look down on them, as being Greek and foreign expressions (which they are), let him be assured that he must for ever renounce all mention of this sort of science or else that he cannot treat the subject at all, or at least that he cannot treat it completely, in the Latin tongue." + }, + { + "id": 14790, + "la": "illud certe consulari viro vere Magno, quaestorio viro Domnulo, spectabili viro Leone ducibus audacter adfirmo, musicam et astrologiam, quae sunt infra arithmeticam consequentia membra philosophiae, nullatenus posse sine hisce nominibus indicari;", + "en": "This at least I confidently affirm, following the lead of Magnus, a consular and a man as great as his name, Domnulus, of quaestorian rank, and the Eminent Leo, 1 that music and astronomy, the branches of philosophy which come next in importance to arithmetic, cannot in the least be made intelligible without these terms;" + }, + { + "id": 14791, + "la": "quarum talis ordo est ut sine plurimis novis verbis, quae praefata pace reliquorum eloquentum specialiter tibi et Complatonicis tuis nota sunt, nugae ipsae non valuerint expediri", + "en": "which are so constituted that even a trifling effort like this could not have been accomplished without a large number of the new words which (with apologies to all other stylists) are known in a special degree to you and your fellow-Platonists." + }, + { + "id": 14792, + "la": "illi Venus vel Amorum commenticia pigmenta tribuantur cui defuerit sic posse laudari vale", + "en": "Let Venus and all the fictitious gallery of love-gods be bestowed on one who cannot be eulogised in the manner of this poem. Farewell." + }, + { + "id": 14793, + "la": "lecturus es hic etiam novum verbum, id est essentiam; sed scias hoc ipsum dixisse Ciceronem; nam essentiam nec non et indoloriam nominavit, addens: licet enim novis rebus nova nomina imponere; et recte dixit", + "en": "Here also you are going to read a novel word, essentia; but you must note that Cicero himself has used that word; for he introduced the two terms essentia and indoloria, 2 adding: for it is allowable to apply new names to new notions. And he was quite right," + }, + { + "id": 14794, + "la": "nam sicut ab eo quod est verbi gratia sapere et intellegere sapientiam et intellegentiam nominamus, regulariter et ab eo quod est esse essentiam non tacemus igitur, quoniam tui amoris studio inductus homo Gallus scholae sophisticae intromisi materiam, vel te potissimum facti mei deprecatorem requiro", + "en": "for just as we form, for example, the nouns sapientia and intellegentia from sapere and intellegere, so quite legitimately we do not refrain from using essentia from esse. Therefore, since my interest in your love-affair has led me, a man of Gaul, to introduce such matter as belongs to the philosophical lecture-room, I claim you in a special degree as intercessor on my behalf." + }, + { + "id": 14795, + "la": "quibus lectis oppido scires, etsi utrique nostrum disparatis aequo plusculum locis lar familiaris incolitur, non idcirco tam nobis animum dissidere quam patriam", + "en": "I hoped that when you read them you might feel well assured that, although our respective household gods are set in places a bit farther from one another than they ought to be, it does not follow that our souls are as far apart as our homes." + }, + { + "id": 14796, + "la": "habes igitur hic Dionysum inter triumphi Indici oblectamenta marcentem; habes et Phoebum, quem tibi iure poetico inquilinum factum constat ex numine, illum scilicet Phoebum Anthedii mei perfamiliarem, cuius collegio vir praefectus non modo musicos quosque verum etiam geometras, arithmeticos et astrologos disserendi arte supervenit; siquidem nullum hoc exactius compertum habere censuerim quid sidera zodiaci obliqua, quid planetarum vaga, quid exotici sparsa praevaleant", + "en": "Here, then, you can find Dionysus bemused amid the delights of his Indian triumph, and Phoebus also, who, as is well known, is for you a god no longer but rather, through a poets privilege, an inmate of your house'that same Phoebus who is a great crony of my friend Anthedius, head of the Apolline college, a man who surpasses in the art of lecturing not only all musicians but all geometers, arithmeticians, and astrologers; for I should think no one knows more perfectly the special influences of the various heavenly bodies'the slanting signs of the zodiac, the roaming planets, or the scattered stars of the extra-zodiacal region." + }, + { + "id": 14797, + "la": "nam ita his, ut sic dixerim, membris philosophiae claret ut videatur mihi Iulium Firmicum, Iulianum Vertacum, Fullonium Saturninum, in libris matheseos peritissimos conditores, absque interprete ingenio tantum suffragante didicisse", + "en": "He is indeed so eminent in these members (if I may so term them) of philosophy that he seems to me to have mastered without an interpreter, solely by dint of his own genius, the greatest savants among writers on astrology, Iulius Firmicus, Iulianus Vertacus, and Fullonius Saturninus." + }, + { + "id": 14798, + "la": "nos vestigia doctrinae ipsius adorantes coram canoro cygno ravum anserem profitemur quid te amplius moror? Burgum tuam, quo iure amicum decuit, meam feci, probe sciens vel materiam tibi esse placituram, etiamsi ex solido poema displiceat", + "en": "Following reverently the footsteps of such learning, I pretend to no higher title than a hoarse gander in the presence of a tuneful swan. But why delay you further? I have made your home, The Castle, my own, using a friends proper privilege, knowing full well that my subject-matter will please you even though the poem should be entirely displeasing." + }, + { + "id": 14799, + "la": "quis autem carmen prolixius eatenus duxerit esse culpandum, quod epigrammatis excesserit paucitatem, istum liquido patet neque balneas Etrusci neque Herculem Surrentinum neque comas Flavii Earini neque Tibur Vopisci neque omnino quicquam de Papinii nostri silvulis lectitasse;", + "en": "anyone consider that such a lengthy poem deserves censure for going beyond the brevity of an epigram, it is perfectly clear that he has not been in the habit of reading the Baths of Etruscus or the Hercules of Surrentum or the Locks of Flavius Earinus or the Tiburtine Home of Vopiscus, or indeed anything from the little Silvae of our Statius;" + }, + { + "id": 14800, + "la": "quas omnes descriptiones vir ille praeiudicatissimus non distichorum aut tetrastichorum stringit angustiis, sed potius, ut lyricus Flaccus in artis poeticae volumine praecipit, multis isdemque purpureis locorum communium pannis semel inchoatas materias decenter extendit", + "en": "for that man of most assured reputation does not cramp any of these descriptions within the narrow limits of two-lined or four-lined poems, but rather does what the lyric poet Horace enjoins in the Art of Poetry: once he has introduced his subject, he appropriately enlarges it by the repeated use of stock purple patches." + }, + { + "id": 14801, + "la": "haec me ad defensionis exemplum posuisse sufficiat, ne haec ipsa longitudinis deprecatio longa videatur vale", + "en": "Let this suffice as a specimen of my self-defence, lest this justification of length should itself seem too long. Farewell." + }, + { + "id": 14802, + "la": "I Grammatica Romae ne in usu quidem olim, nedum in honore ullo erat, rudi scilicet ac bellicosa etiam tum civitate, necdum magnopere liberalibus disciplinis vacante", + "en": "I. The study of Grammar was not even pursued at Rome in early days, still less held in any esteem; and naturally enough, since the state was then still uncultivated and given to war, and had as yet little leisure for liberal pursuits." + }, + { + "id": 14803, + "la": "Initium quoque eius mediocre exstitit, siquidem antiquissimi doctorum, qui iidem et poetae et semigraeci erant (Livium et Ennium dico, quos utraque lingua domi forisque docuisse adnotatum est), nihil amplius quam Graecos interpretabantur, aut si quid ipsi Latine composuissent praelegebant", + "en": "The beginnings of the subject, too, were humble, for the earliest teachers, who were also both poets and Italian2 Greeks (I refer to Livius and Ennius, who gave instruction in both tongues at home and abroad, as is well known), did no more than interpret the Greeks or give readings from whatever they themselves had composed in the Latin language." + }, + { + "id": 14804, + "la": "Nam quod nonnulli tradunt duos libros De Litteris Syllabisque, item De Metris ab eodem Ennio editos, iure arguit L Cotta non poetae sed posterioris Ennii esse, cuius etiam De Augurandi Disciplina volumina ferantur", + "en": "For while some tell us that this same Ennius published a book On Letters and Syllables and another On Metres, Lucius Cotta is right in maintaining that these were not the work of the poet, but of a later Ennius, who is also the author of the volumes On the Science of Augury." + }, + { + "id": 14805, + "la": "II Primus igitur, quantum opinamur, studium grammaticae in urbem intulit Crates Mallotes, Aristarchi aequalis, qui missus ad senatum ab Attalo rege inter secundum ac tertium Punicum bellum sub ipsam Ennii mortem,", + "en": "II. In my opinion, then, the first to introduce the study of grammar into our city was Crates of Mallos, a contemporary of Aristarchus. He was sent to the senate by king Attalus between the second and third Punic wars, at about the time when Ennius died;3" + }, + { + "id": 14806, + "la": "cum regione Palatii prolapsus in cloacae foramen crus fregisset, per omne legationis simul et valitudinis tempus plurimas acroasis subinde fecit assidueque disseruit, ac nostris exemplo fuit ad imitandum", + "en": "and having fallen into the opening of a sewer in the Palatine quarter and broken his leg, he held numerous and frequent conferences during the whole time both of his embassy and of his convalescence, at which he constantly gave instruction, and thus set an example for our countrymen to imitate." + }, + { + "id": 14807, + "la": "Hactenus tamen imitati, ut carmina parum adhuc divolgata vel defunctorum amicorum vel si quorum aliorum probassent, diligentius retractarent ac legendo commentandoque etiam ceteris nota facerent;", + "en": "Their imitation, however, was confined to a careful criticism of poems which had as yet but little circulation, either those of deceased friends or others that met with their approval, and to making them known to the public by reading and commenting on them." + }, + { + "id": 14808, + "la": "ut C Octavius Lampadio Naevii Punicum Bellum, quod uno volumine et continenti scriptura expositum divisit in septem libros;", + "en": "For example, Gaius Octavius Lampadio thus treated the Punic War of Naevius, which was originally written in a single volume without a break, but was divided by Lampadio into seven books." + }, + { + "id": 14809, + "la": "ut postea Q Vargunteius Annales Ennii, quos certis diebus in magna frequentia pronuntiabat;", + "en": "At a later time Quintus Vargunteius took up the Annals of Ennius, which he expounded on set days to large audiences;" + }, + { + "id": 14810, + "la": "ut Laelius Archelaus Vettiusque Philocomus Lucilii saturas familiaris sui, quas legisse se apud Archelaum Pompeius Lenaeus, apud Philocomum Valerius Cato praedicant", + "en": "and Laelius Archelaus and Vettius Philocomus the satires of their friend Lucilius, which Lenaeus Pompeius prides himself on having read with Archelaus, and Valerius Cato with Philocomus." + }, + { + "id": 14811, + "la": "III Instruxerunt auxeruntque ab omni parte grammaticam L Aelius Lanuvinus generque Aelii Ser Clodius, uterque eques Ro multique ac varii et in doctrina et in re p usus", + "en": "III. The foundations of the study were laid, and it was advanced in all directions, by Lucius Aelius of Lanuvium and his son-in-law Servius Clodius, both of whom were Roman knights and men of wide and varied experience in scholarship and statecraft." + }, + { + "id": 14812, + "la": "Aelius cognomine duplici fuit; nam et Praeconinus, quod pater eius praeconium fecerat, vocabatur, et Stilo, quod orationes nobilissimo cuique scribere solebat;", + "en": "Aelius had two surnames, for he was called Praeconinus because his father had followed the occupation of a crier,4 and Stilo5 because he used to write speeches for all the great men of the day;" + }, + { + "id": 14813, + "la": "tantum optimatium fautor, ut Metellum Numidicum in exsilium comitatus sit", + "en": "and he was so devoted to the aristocratic party, that he accompanied Metellus Numidicus into exile." + }, + { + "id": 14814, + "la": "Servius, cum librum soceri nondum editum fraude intercepisset, et ob hoc repudiatus pudore ac taedio secessisset ab urbe, in podagrae morbum incidit;", + "en": "Servius stole one of his father-in-laws books before it was published, and being in consequence disowned, left the city through shame and remorse, and fell ill of the gout." + }, + { + "id": 14815, + "la": "cuius impatiens veneno sibi perunxit pedes et enecuit ita, ut parte ea corporis quasi praemortua viveret", + "en": "Unable to endure the pain, he applied a poisonous drug to his feet, which finally killed him, after he had lived for a time with that part of his body as it were prematurely dead." + }, + { + "id": 14816, + "la": "Posthac magis ac magis et gratia et cura artis increvit, ut ne clarissimi quidem viri abstinuerint quo minus et ipsi aliquid de ea scriberent, utque temporibus quibusdam super viginti celebres scholae fuisse in urbe tradantur;", + "en": "After this the science constantly grew in favour and popularity, so much so that even the most eminent men did not hesitate to make contributions to it, while at times there are said to have been more than twenty wellattended schools in the city." + }, + { + "id": 14817, + "la": "pretia vero grammaticorum tanta mercedesque tam magnae, ut constet Lutatium Daphnidem, quem Laevius Melissus per cavillationem nominis Panos dicit, DCC milibus nummum a Q Catulo emptum ac brevi manumissum, L Appuleium ab Eficio Calvino equite Romano praedivite quadringenis annuis conductum ut Oscae doceret", + "en": "The grammarians too were so highly esteemed, and their compensation was so ample, that Lutatius Daphnis, whom Laevius Melissus, punning on his name, often called the darling of Pan,6 is known to have been bought for seven hundred thousand sesterces and soon afterwards set free, while Lucius Appuleius was hired for four hundred sesterces a year by Eficius Calvinus, a wealthy Roman knight, to teach at Osca." + }, + { + "id": 14818, + "la": "Nam in provincias quoque grammatica penetraverat, ac nonnulli de notissimis doctoribus peregre docuerunt, maxime in Gallia Togata;", + "en": "In fact, Grammar even made its way into the provinces, and some of the most famous teachers gave instruction abroad, especially in Gallia Togata," + }, + { + "id": 14819, + "la": "inter quos Octavius Teucer et Sescenius Iaccus et Oppius Chares;", + "en": "including Octavius Teucer, Sescenius Iaccus and Oppius Chares;" + }, + { + "id": 14820, + "la": "hic quidem ad ultimam aetatem, et cum iam non ingressu modo deficeretur sed et visu", + "en": "indeed the last named taught until the very end of his life, when he could no longer walk, or even see." + }, + { + "id": 14821, + "la": "IV Appellatio grammaticorum Graeca consuetudine invaluit; sed initio litterati vocabantur", + "en": "IV. The term grammaticus became prevalent through Greek influence, but at first such men were called litterati.7" + }, + { + "id": 14822, + "la": "Cornelius quoque Nepos libello quo distinguit litteratum ab erudito, litteratos quidem vulgo appellari ait eos qui aliquid diligenter et acute scienterque possint aut dicere aut scribere, ceterum proprie sic appellandos poetarum interpretes, qui a Graecis grammatici nominentur", + "en": "Cornelius Nepos, too, in a little book in which he explains the difference between litteratus and eruditus8 says that the former is commonly applied to those who can speak or write on any subject accurately, cleverly and with authority; but that it should strictly be used of interpreters of the poets, whom the Greeks call grammatici." + }, + { + "id": 14823, + "la": "Eosdem litteratores vocitatos Messala Corvinus in quadam epistula ostendit, non esse sibi dicens rem cum Furio Bibaculo, ne cum Ticida quidem aut litteratore Catone;", + "en": "That these were also called litteratores is shown by Messala Corvinus in one of his letters, in which he says: I am not concerned with Furius Bibaculus, nor with Ticidas either, or with the litterator Cato." + }, + { + "id": 14824, + "la": "significat enim haud dubie Valerium Catonem, poetam simul grammaticumque notissimum", + "en": "For he unquestionably refers to Valerius Cato, who was famous both as a poet and as a grammarian." + }, + { + "id": 14825, + "la": "Sunt qui litteratum a litteratore distinguant, ut Graeci grammaticum a grammatista, et illum quidem absolute, hunc mediocriter doctum existiment", + "en": "Some however make a distinction between litteratus and litterator, as the Greeks do between grammaticus and grammatista, using the former of a master of his subject, the latter of one moderately proficient." + }, + { + "id": 14826, + "la": "Quorum opinionem Orbilius etiam exemplis confirmat;", + "en": "Orbilius too supports this view by examples, saying:" + }, + { + "id": 14827, + "la": "namque apud maiores ait, cum familia alicuius venalis produceretur, non temere quem litteratum in titulo, sed litteratorem inscribi solitum esse, quasi non perfectum litteris, sed imbutum", + "en": "In the days of our forefathers, when anyones slaves were offered for sale, it was not usual except in special cases to advertise any one of them as litteratus but rather as litterator, implying that he had a smattering of letters, but was not a finished scholar." + }, + { + "id": 14828, + "la": "Veteres grammatici et rhetoricam docebant, ac multorum de utraque arte commentarii feruntur", + "en": "The grammarians of early days taught rhetoric as well, and we have treatises from many men on both subjects." + }, + { + "id": 14829, + "la": "Secundum quam consuetudinem posteriores quoque existimo, quanquam iam discretis professionibus, nihilo minus vel retinuisse vel instituisse et ipsos quaedam genera meditationum ad eloquentiam praeparandam, ut problemata, paraphrasis, allocutiones, ethologias atque alia hoc genus;", + "en": "It was this custom, I think, which led those of later times also, although the two professions had now become distinct, nevertheless either to retain or to introduce certain kinds of exercises suited to the training of orators, such as problems, paraphrases, addresses, character sketches and similar things;" + }, + { + "id": 14830, + "la": "ne scilicet sicci omnino atque aridi pueri rhetoribus traderentur", + "en": "doubtless that they might not turn over their pupils to the rhetoricians wholly ignorant and unprepared.9" + }, + { + "id": 14831, + "la": "Quae quidem omitti iam video, desidia quorundam et infantia; non enim fastidio putem", + "en": "But I observe that such instruction is now given up, because of the lack of application and the youth of some of the pupils; for I do not believe that it is because the subjects are underrated." + }, + { + "id": 14832, + "la": "Me quidem adulescentulo, repeto quendam Principem nomine alternis diebus declamare, alternis disputare, nonnullis vero mane disserere, post meridiem remoto pulpito declamare solitum", + "en": "I remember that at any rate when I was a young man, one of these teachers, Princeps by name, used to declaim and engage in discussion on alternate days; and that sometimes he would give instruction in the morning, and in the afternoon remove his desk and declaim." + }, + { + "id": 14833, + "la": "Audiebam etiam, memoria patrum quosdam e grammatici statim ludo transisse in Forum atque in numerum praestantissimorum patronorum receptos", + "en": "I used to hear, too, that within the memory of our forefathers some passed directly from the grammar school to the Forum and took their place among the most eminent advocates." + }, + { + "id": 14834, + "la": "Clari professores et de quibus prodi possit aliquid dum taxat a nobis, fere hi fuerunt", + "en": "The following list includes about all the distinguished teachers of the subject, at least those of whose life I am able to give any account." + }, + { + "id": 14835, + "la": "V Sevius Nicanor primus ad famam dignationemque docendo pervenit, fecitque praeter commentarios, quorum tamen pars maxima intercepta dicitur, saturam quoque, in qua libertinum se ac duplici cognomine esse per haec indicat:", + "en": "V. Sevius Nicanor was the first to attain to fame and recognition through his teaching, and besides his commentaries, the greater part of which, however, are said to be stolen, he wrote a satire, in which he shows by the following lines that he was a freedman and had two surnames:" + }, + { + "id": 14836, + "la": "Sunt qui tradant, ob infamiam quandam eum in Sardiniam secessisse ibique diem obisse", + "en": "Some write that because of some disgrace he retired to Sardinia and there died." + }, + { + "id": 14837, + "la": "VI Aurelius Opillus, Epicurei cuiusdam libertus, philosophiam primo, deinde rhetoricam, novissime grammaticam docuit", + "en": "VI. Aurelius Opilius, freedman of an Epicurean, first taught philosophy, afterwards rhetoric, and finally grammar." + }, + { + "id": 14838, + "la": "Dimissa autem schola, Rutilium Rufum damnatum in Asiam secutus, ibidem Smyrnae simul consenuit, composuitque variae eruditionis aliquot volumina, ex quibus novem unius corporis, quia scriptores ac poetas sub clientela Musarum iudicaret, non absurde et fecisse et inscripsisse se ait ex numero divarum et appellatione", + "en": "But when Rutilius Rufus was banished, he gave up his school and followed him to Asia, where he lived with him in Smyrna to old age. He wrote several books on various learned topics, nine of which, so he tells us, forming a single work, he appropriately made to correspond with the number of the Muses, and called them by their names, because he considered writers and poets to be under the protection of those divinities." + }, + { + "id": 14839, + "la": "Huius cognomen in plerisque indicibus et titulis per unam L litteram scriptum animadverto, verum ipse id per duas effert in parastichide libelli, qui inscribitur Pinax.", + "en": "I observe that his surname is given in numerous catalogues and titles with a single L, but he himself writes it with two in an acrostic in a little book of his called Pinax.11" + }, + { + "id": 14840, + "la": "VII M Antonius Gnipho, ingenuus in Gallia natus sed expositus, a nutritore suo manumissus institutusque (Alexandriae quidem, ut aliqui tradunt, in contubernio Dionysi Scytobrachionis; quod equidem non temere crediderim, cum temporum ratio vix congruat) fuisse dicitur ingenii magni, memoriae singularis, nec minus Graece quam Latine doctus;", + "en": "VII. Marcus Antonius Gnipho was born in Gaul of free parents, but was disowned.12 He was set free by his fosterfather13 and given an education, at Alexandria, according to some, and in intimate association with Dionysius Scytobrachion; but this I can hardly credit for chronological reasons. It is said that he was a man of great talent, of unexampled powers of memory, and well read not only in Latin but in Greek as well;" + }, + { + "id": 14841, + "la": "praeterea comi facilique natura, nec unquam de mercedibus pactus, eoque plura ex liberalitate discentium consecutus", + "en": "that his disposition, too, was kindly and good-natured, and that he never made any stipulation about his fees, and therefore received the more from the generosity of his pupils." + }, + { + "id": 14842, + "la": "Docuit primum in Divi Iulii domo pueri adhuc, deinde in sua privata", + "en": "He first gave instruction in the house of the Deified Julius, when the latter was still a boy, and then in his own home." + }, + { + "id": 14843, + "la": "Docuit autem et rhetoricam, ita ut quotidie praecepta eloquentiae traderet, declamaret vero nonnisi nundinis", + "en": "He taught rhetoric too, giving daily instruction in speaking, but declaiming only once a week.14" + }, + { + "id": 14844, + "la": "Scholam eius claros quoque viros frequentasse aiunt, in iis M Ciceronem, etiam cum praetura fungeretur", + "en": "They say also that distinguished men attended his school, including Cicero even while he was praetor." + }, + { + "id": 14845, + "la": "Scripsit multa, quamvis annum aetatis quinquagesimum non excesserit", + "en": "Although he did not live beyond his fiftieth year, he wrote a great deal." + }, + { + "id": 14846, + "la": "Etsi Ateius Philologus duo tantum volumina De Latino Sermone reliquisse eum tradit;", + "en": "Ateius Philologus, however, declares that he left but two volumes, On the Latin Language," + }, + { + "id": 14847, + "la": "nam cetera scripta discipulorum eius esse, non ipsius; in quibus et suum alicubi reperiri nomen, ut hoc", + "en": "maintaining that the other works attributed to him were those of his pupils and not his own. Yet his own name is sometimes found in them, for example" + }, + { + "id": 14848, + "la": "VIII M Pompilius Andronicus, natione Syrus, studio Epicureae sectae desidiosior in professione grammatica habebatur minusque idoneus ad tuendam scholam", + "en": "VIII. Marcus Pompilius Andronicus, a native of Syria, because of his devotion to the Epicurean sect was considered somewhat indolent in his work as a grammarian and not qualified to conduct a school." + }, + { + "id": 14849, + "la": "Itaque cum se in urbe non solum Antonio Gniphoni, sed ceteris etiam deterioribus postponi videret, Cumas transiit ibique in otio vixit et multa composuit;", + "en": "Therefore, realizing that he was held in less esteem at Rome, not only than Antonius Gnipho, but than others of even less ability, he moved to Cumae, where he led a quiet life and wrote many books." + }, + { + "id": 14850, + "la": "verum adeo inops atque egens, ut coactus sit praecipuum illud opusculum suum Annalium Ennii Elenchorum XVI milibus nummum cuidam vendere, quos libros Orbilius suppressos redemisse se dicit vulgandosque curasse nomine auctoris", + "en": "But he was so poor and needy that he was forced to sell that admirable little work of his Criticisms of the Annals of Ennius15 to someone or other for sixteen thousand sesterces. Orbilius tells us that he bought up these books after they had been suppressed, and caused them to be circulated under their authors name." + }, + { + "id": 14851, + "la": "IX L Orbilius Pupillus Beneventanus, morte parentum, una atque eadem die inimicorum dolo interemptorum, destitutus, primo apparituram magistratibus fecit;", + "en": "IX. Lucius Orbilius Pupillus of Beneventum, left alone in the world by the death of his parents, both of whom were slain on the selfsame day by treacherous enemies, at first earned a living as an attendant on the magistrates." + }, + { + "id": 14852, + "la": "deinde in Macedonia corniculo, mox equo meruit;", + "en": "He then served as a subaltern in Macedonia, and later in the cavalry." + }, + { + "id": 14853, + "la": "functusque militia, studia repetit, quae iam inde a puero non leviter attigerat;", + "en": "After completing his military service, he resumed his studies, to which he had given no little attention from boyhood;" + }, + { + "id": 14854, + "la": "ac professus diu in patria, quinquagesimo demum anno Romam consule Cicerone transiit docuitque maiore fama quam emolumento", + "en": "and after teaching for a long time in his native place, he at last went to Rome in his fiftieth year, when Cicero was consul,16 where he gave instruction with greater renown than profit." + }, + { + "id": 14855, + "la": "Namque iam persenex pauperem se et habitare sub tegulis quodam scripto fatetur", + "en": "For in one of his books, written when he was well on in years, he admits that he was poor and lived under the tiles.17" + }, + { + "id": 14856, + "la": "Librum etiam, cui est titulus , edidit continentem querelas de iniuriis, quas professores neglegentia aut ambitione parentum acciperent", + "en": "He also wrote a book called On Folly, full of complaints of the wrongs which teachers suffered from the indifference or selfishness of parents." + }, + { + "id": 14857, + "la": "Fuit autem naturae acerbae, non modo in antisophistas, quos omni occasione laceravit, sed etiam in discipulos, ut et Horatius significat plagosum eum appellans, et Domitius Marsus scribens:", + "en": "Indeed he was sour-tempered, not only towards rival scholars,18 whom he assailed at every opportunity, but also towards his pupils, as Horace implies when he calls him the flogger,19 and Domitius Marsus in the line:" + }, + { + "id": 14858, + "la": "Ac ne principum quidem virorum insectatione abstinuit;", + "en": "He did not even refrain from gibes at men of distinction;" + }, + { + "id": 14859, + "la": "siquidem ignotus adhuc cum iudicio frequenti testimonium diceret, interrogatus a Varrone diversae partis advocato, quidnam ageret et quo artificio uteretur, gibberosos se de sole in umbram transferre respondit;", + "en": "for when he was still obscure and was giving testimony in a crowded court-room, being asked by Varro, the advocate on the other side, what he did and what his profession was, he replied: I remove hunchbacks from the sun into the shade." + }, + { + "id": 14860, + "la": "quod Murena gibber erat", + "en": "Now Murena20 was hunchbacked." + }, + { + "id": 14861, + "la": "Vixit prope ad centesimum aetatis annum, amissa iam pridem memoria, ut versus Bibaculi docet:", + "en": "Orbilius lived to be nearly a hundred, having long since lost his memory, as is shown by the verse of Bibaculus:" + }, + { + "id": 14862, + "la": "Statua eius Beneventi ostenditur in Capitolio ad sinistrum latus marmorea habitu sedentis ac palliati, appositis duobus scriniis", + "en": "His marble statue may be seen at Beneventum, on the left side of the capitol, representing him seated and clad in a Greek mantle, with two book-boxes by his side." + }, + { + "id": 14863, + "la": "Reliquit filium Orbilium, et ipsum grammaticum professorem", + "en": "He left a son Orbilius, who was also a teacher of grammar." + }, + { + "id": 14864, + "la": "X L Ateius Philologus libertinus Athenis est natus", + "en": "X. Lucius Ateius Philologus was a freedman, born at Athens." + }, + { + "id": 14865, + "la": "Hunc Capito Ateius notus iuris consultus inter grammaticos rhetorem, inter rhetores grammaticum fuisse ait", + "en": "The well-known jurist Ateius Capito says that he was a rhetorician among grammarians and a grammarian among rhetoricians." + }, + { + "id": 14866, + "la": "De eodem Asinius Pollio in libro, quo Sallustii scripta reprehendit ut nimia priscorum verborum affectatione oblita, ita tradit:", + "en": "Asinius Pollio, too, in the book in which he criticizes the writings of Sallust as marred by an excessive effort for archaism, writes as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 14867, + "la": "In eam rem adiutorium ei fecit maxime quidam Ateius praetextatis nobis grammaticus Latinus, declamantium deinde auditor atque praeceptor, ad summam Philologus ab semet nominatus.", + "en": "He was especially abetted in this by a certain Ateius, when I was a boy a Latin grammarian and later a critic and teacher of declamation, in short a self-styled Philologus." + }, + { + "id": 14868, + "la": "Ipse ad Laelium Hermam scripsit, se in Graecis litteris magnum processum habere et in Latinis nonnullum, audisse Antonium Gniphonen eiusque haere postea docuisse", + "en": "Ateius himself wrote to Laelius Hermas that he had made great progress in Greek letters and some in Latin, had been a pupil of Antonius Gnipho***,21 and afterwards a teacher;" + }, + { + "id": 14869, + "la": "Praecepisse autem multis et claris iuvenibus, in quis Appio quoque et Pulchro Claudiis fratribus, quorum etiam comes in provincia fuerit", + "en": "further, that he had given instruction to many eminent young men, including the brothers Appius and Claudius Pulcher, whom he had also accompanied to their province." + }, + { + "id": 14870, + "la": "Philologi appellationem assumpsisse videtur, quia sic ut Eratosthenes, qui primus hoc cognomen sibi vindicavit, multiplici variaque doctrina censebatur", + "en": "He seems to have assumed the title Philologus, because like Eratosthenes, who was first to lay claim to that surname, he regarded himself as a man of wide and varied learning." + }, + { + "id": 14871, + "la": "Quod sane ex commentariis eius apparet, quanquam paucissimi exstent;", + "en": "And that he was such is evident from his commentaries, though very few of them survive;" + }, + { + "id": 14872, + "la": "de quorum tamen copia sic altera ad eundem Hermam epistula significat: Hylen nostram aliis memento commendare, quam omnis generis coegimus, uti scis, octingentos in libros.", + "en": "but he gives some idea of their number in a second letter to the aforesaid Hermas: Remember to recommend my Hyle22 to others; as you know, it consists of material of every kind, collected in eight hundred books." + }, + { + "id": 14873, + "la": "Coluit postea familiarissime C Sallustium et eo defuncto Asinium Pollionem, quos historiam componere aggressos, alterum breviario rerum omnium Romanarum, ex quibus quas vellet eligeret, instruxit, alterum praeceptis de ratione scribendi", + "en": "He was afterwards a close friend of Gaius Sallustius, and after Sallusts death, of Asinius Pollio; and when they set about writing history, he provided the one with an epitome of all Roman story, from which to select what he wished, and the other with rules on the art of composition." + }, + { + "id": 14874, + "la": "Quo magis miror Asinium credidisse, antiqua eum verba et figuras solitum esse colligere Sallustio;", + "en": "This makes me wonder all the more that Asinius believed that Ateius used to collect archaic words and expressions for Sallust;" + }, + { + "id": 14875, + "la": "cum sibi sciat nihil aliud suadere quam ut noto civilique et proprio sermone utatur, vitetque maxime obscuritatem Sallustii et audaciam in translationibus", + "en": "for he knows that the grammarians strongest recommendation to him was to use familiar, unassuming, natural23 language, especially avoiding Sallusts obscurity and his bold figures of speech." + }, + { + "id": 14876, + "la": "XI P Valerius Cato, ut nonnulli tradiderunt, Burseni cuiusdam libertus ex Gallia;", + "en": "XI. Publius Valerius Cato, according to some writers, was the freedman of a certain Bursenus from Gaul;" + }, + { + "id": 14877, + "la": "ipse libello, cui est titulus Indignatio, ingenuum se natum ait et pupillum relictum, eoque facilius licentia Sullani temporis exutum patrimonio", + "en": "but he himself, in a little work called Indignation, declares that he was freeborn but was left an orphan; so that he was the more easily stripped of his patrimony in the lawless times of Sulla." + }, + { + "id": 14878, + "la": "Docuit multos et nobiles, visusque est peridoneus praeceptor, maxime ad poeticam tendentibus, ut quidem apparere vel his versiculis potest:", + "en": "He had many distinguished pupils and was regarded as a very competent teacher, especially of those who had a bent for poetry, as indeed is especially evident from these verses:" + }, + { + "id": 14879, + "la": "Is scripsit praeter grammaticos libellos etiam poemata, ex quibus praecipue probantur Lydia et Diana.", + "en": "Besides books of a grammatical character, he wrote poems also, of which the most highly esteemed are the Lydia and the Diana." + }, + { + "id": 14880, + "la": "Lydiae Ticida meminit:", + "en": "Ticidas says of the former:" + }, + { + "id": 14881, + "la": "Dianae Cinna:", + "en": "and Cinna of the latter:" + }, + { + "id": 14882, + "la": "Vixit ad extremam senectam, sed in summa pauperie et paene inopia, abditus modico gurgustio, postquam Tusculana villa creditoribus cesserat, ut auctor est Bibaculus:", + "en": "He reached an advanced age, but in extreme poverty and almost in destitution, buried in a little hovel, after he had given up his villa at Tusculum to his creditors, as Bibaculus tells us:" + }, + { + "id": 14883, + "la": "Et rursus:", + "en": "And again:" + }, + { + "id": 14884, + "la": "XII Cornelius Epicadus, L Cornelii Sullae dictatoris libertus calatorque in sacerdotio augurali, filio quoque eius Fausto gratissimus fuit;", + "en": "XII. Cornelius Epicadus was a freedman of Lucius Cornelius Sulla, the dictator, and one of his servants27 in the augural priesthood, besides being a great favourite of his son Faustus." + }, + { + "id": 14885, + "la": "quare nunquam non utriusque se libertum edidit", + "en": "Therefore he always declared that he was the freedman of both." + }, + { + "id": 14886, + "la": "Librum autem, quem Sulla novissimum De Rebus Suis imperfectum reliquerat, ipse supplevit", + "en": "He himself completed the last book of Sullas Autobiography, which the dictator left unwritten." + }, + { + "id": 14887, + "la": "XIII Staberius Eros, suomet aere emptus de catasta et propter litterarum studium manumissus, docuit inter ceteros Brutum et Cassium", + "en": "XIII. Staberius Eros was purchased with his own savings at a public sale28 and formally manumitted because of his devotion to literature." + }, + { + "id": 14888, + "la": "Sunt qui tradant tanta eum honestate praeditum, ut temporibus Sullanis proscriptorum liberos gratis et sine mercede ulla in disciplinam receperit", + "en": "He numbered among his pupils Brutus and Cassius. Some say that he was so noble-minded that in the times of Sulla he admitted the children of the proscribed to his school free of charge and without any fee." + }, + { + "id": 14889, + "la": "XIV Curtius Nicia haesit Cn Pompeio et C Memmio;", + "en": "XIV. Curtius Nicias was an adherent of Gnaeus Pompeius and Gaius Memmius;" + }, + { + "id": 14890, + "la": "sed cum codicillos Memmi ad Pompei uxorem de stupro pertulisset, proditus ab ea, Pompeium offendit, domoque ei interdictum est", + "en": "but having brought a note from Memmius to Pompeys wife with an infamous proposal, he was betrayed by her, lost favour with Pompey, and was forbidden his house." + }, + { + "id": 14891, + "la": "Fuit et M Ciceronis familiaris; in cuius epistula ad Dolabellam haec de eo legimus:", + "en": "He was an intimate friend of Marcus Cicero too, and in a letter of the orators to Dolabella29 we read these words about Nicias:" + }, + { + "id": 14892, + "la": "Nihil Romae geritur quod te putem scire curare, nisi forte scire vis, me inter Niciam nostrum et Vidium iudicem esse", + "en": "I think there is nothing going on in Rome which you are interested in knowing, unless perhaps you would like to know that I am acting as arbiter between our friend Nicias and Vidius." + }, + { + "id": 14893, + "la": "Profert alter, opinor duobus versiculis, expensum Niciae;", + "en": "The one presents a note for payment, consisting of two lines, I believe." + }, + { + "id": 14894, + "la": "alter Aristarchus hos obelizei: ego tanquam criticus antiquus iudicaturus sum, utrum sint o oo an o.34", + "en": "The other, like an Aristarchus, marks them with an obelus.30 I, like a critic of old, am to decide whether they are the poets, or a forgery." + }, + { + "id": 14895, + "la": "Item ad Atticum: De Nicia quod scribis, si ita me haberem ut eius humanitate frui possem, in primis vellem mecum illum habere;", + "en": "In another letter to Atticus:31 As to what you write of Nicias, if I were in a position to enjoy his learned society, I should particularly like to have him with me;" + }, + { + "id": 14896, + "la": "sed mihi solitudo et recessus provincia est", + "en": "but my province is solitude and retirement." + }, + { + "id": 14897, + "la": "Praeterea nosti Niciae nostri imbecillitatem, mollitiam, consuetudinem victus", + "en": "Besides you know our friend Nicias weakness, selfindulgence, and mode of life." + }, + { + "id": 14898, + "la": "Cur ergo illi molestus esse velim, cum mihi ille iucundus esse non possit?", + "en": "Why then should I wish to bore him, when he can give me no pleasure?" + }, + { + "id": 14899, + "la": "Voluntas tamen eius mihi grata est.", + "en": "Nevertheless I appreciate his desire." + }, + { + "id": 14900, + "la": "Huius De Lucilio libros etiam Santra comprobat", + "en": "Santra likewise commends his books On Lucilius." + }, + { + "id": 14901, + "la": "XV Lenaeus, Magni Pompei libertus et paene omnium expeditionum comes, defuncto eo filiisque eius schola se sustentavit;", + "en": "XV. Lenaeus, freedman of Pompey the Great and his companion in almost all his campaigns, on the death of his patron and his sons supported himself by a school," + }, + { + "id": 14902, + "la": "docuitque in Carinis ad Telluris, in qua regione Pompeiorum domus fuerat, ac tanto amore erga patroni memoriam exstitit, ut Sallustium historicum, quod eum oris probi, animo inverecundo scripsisset, acerbissima satura laceraverit, lastaurum et lurconem et nebulonem popinonemque appellans, et vita scriptisque monstrosum, praeterea priscorum Catonis verborum ineruditissimum furem", + "en": "teaching in the Carinae,32 near the temple of Tellus, the quarter of the city in which the house of the Pompeys was formerly situated. He was so devoted to his patrons memory that, because the historian Sallust wrote that Pompey had an honest face but a shameless character, he tore Sallust to pieces in a biting satire, calling him a debauchee, a gourmandizer, a spendthrift, and a tippler, a man whose life and writings were monstrous, and who was besides an ignorant pilferer of the archaic language of Cato." + }, + { + "id": 14903, + "la": "Traditur autem puer adhuc catenis subreptis, refugisse in patriam, perceptisque liberalibus disciplinis, pretium suum domino rettulisse, verum ob ingenium atque doctrinam gratis manumissus", + "en": "It is further said that when Lenaeus was still a boy he escaped from his chains and fled back to his native land, and after acquiring a liberal education, offered the price of his liberty to his former master, but received his freedom as a gift because of his ability and learning." + }, + { + "id": 14904, + "la": "XVI Q Caecilius Epirota, Tusculi natus, libertus Attici equitis Romani, ad quem sunt Ciceronis epistulae, cum filiam patroni nuptam M Agrippae doceret, suspectus in ea et ob hoc remotus, ad Cornelium Gallum se contulit vixitque una familiarissime, quod ipsi Gallo inter gravissima crimina ab Augusto obicitur", + "en": "XVI. Quintus Caecilius Epirota, born at Tusculum, was a freedman of Atticus, a Roman knight, the correspondent of Cicero. While he was teaching his patrons daughter, who was the wife of Marcus Agrippa, he was suspected of improper conduct towards her and dismissed; whereupon he attached himself to Cornelius Gallus and lived with him on most intimate terms, a fact which Augustus made one of his heaviest charges against Gallus himself.33" + }, + { + "id": 14905, + "la": "Post deinde damnationem mortemque Galli scholam aperuit, sed ita ut paucis et tantum adulescentibus praeciperet, praetextato nemini, nisi si cuius parenti hoc officium negare non posset", + "en": "After the conviction and death of Gallus34 he opened a school, but took few pupils and only grown up young men, admitting none under age, except those to whose fathers he was unable to refuse that favour." + }, + { + "id": 14906, + "la": "Primus dicitur Latine ex tempore disputasse, primusque Vergilium et alios poetas novos praelegere coepisse, quod etiam Domitii Marsi versiculus indicat:", + "en": "He is said to have been the first to hold extempore discussions in Latin, and the first to begin the practice of reading Virgil and other recent poets, a fact also alluded to by Domitius Marsus in the verse:" + }, + { + "id": 14907, + "la": "XVII M Verrius Flaccus libertinus docendi genere maxime claruit", + "en": "XVII. Marcus Verrius Flaccus, a freedman, gained special fame by his method of teaching." + }, + { + "id": 14908, + "la": "Namque ad exercitanda discentium ingenia aequales inter se committere solebat, proposita non solum materia quam scriberent, sed et praemio quod victor auferret", + "en": "For to stimulate the efforts of his pupils, he used to pit those of the same advancement against one another, not only setting the subject on which they were to write, but also offering a prize for the victor to carry off." + }, + { + "id": 14909, + "la": "Id erat liber aliquis antiquus pulcher aut rarior", + "en": "This was some old book, either beautiful or rare." + }, + { + "id": 14910, + "la": "Quare ab Augusto quoque nepotibus eius praeceptor electus, transiit in Palatium cum tota schola, verum ut ne quem amplius posthac discipulum reciperet;", + "en": "He was therefore chosen by Augustus as the tutor of his grandsons and he moved to the Palace with his whole school, but with the understanding that he should admit no more pupils." + }, + { + "id": 14911, + "la": "docuitque in atrio Catulinae domus, quae pars Palatii tunc erat, et centena sestertia in annum accepit", + "en": "He gave instruction in the hall of the house of Catulus,35 which at that time formed part of the Palace, and was paid a hundred thousand sesterces a year." + }, + { + "id": 14912, + "la": "Decessit aetatis exactae sub Tiberio", + "en": "He died at an advanced age under Tiberius." + }, + { + "id": 14913, + "la": "Statuam habet Praeneste, in inferiore fori parte contra hemicyclium, in quo fastos a se ordinatos et marmoreo parieti incisos publicarat", + "en": "His statue stands at Praeneste in the upper part of the forum near the hemicycle,36 on which he exhibited the calendar37 which he had arranged and inscribed upon its marble walls." + }, + { + "id": 14914, + "la": "XVIII L Crassicius, genere Tarentinus, ordinis libertini, cognomine Pasicles, mox Pansam se transnominavit", + "en": "XVIII. Lucius Crassicius, a Tarentine by birth and a freedman by position, had the surname Pasicles, which he afterwards changed to Pansa. He was at first connected" + }, + { + "id": 14915, + "la": "Hic initio circa scenam versatus est, dum mimographos adiuvat; deinde in pergula docuit, donec commentario Zmyrnae edito adeo inclaruit, ut haec de eo scriberentur:", + "en": "with the stage, as an assistant to the writers of farces; then he gave instruction in a school,38 until he became so famous through the publication of his commentary on the Zmyrna, that the following verses were written about him:" + }, + { + "id": 14916, + "la": "Sed cum edoceret iam multos ac nobiles, in iis Iullum Antonium, triumviri filium, ut Verrio quoque Flacco compararetur, dimissa repente schola, transiit ad Q Sexti philosophi sectam", + "en": "But when he had already attracted many pupils of high rank, including Iullus Antonius, the triumvirs son, so that he was a rival even of Verrius Flaccus, he suddenly disbanded his school and became a disciple of the philosopher Quintus Sextius." + }, + { + "id": 14917, + "la": "XIX Scribonius Aphrodisius, Orbilii servus atque discipulus, mox a Scribonia Libonis filia, quae prior Augusti uxor fuerat, redemptus et manumissus, docuit quo Verrius tempore, cuius etiam libris De Orthographia rescripsit, non sine insectatione studiorum morumque eius", + "en": "XIX. Scribonius Aphrodisius, slave and pupil of Orbilius, afterwards bought and set free by Scribonia, daughter of Libo, who had formerly been the wife of Augustus,40 taught at the same time as Verrius. He wrote a critique of Verrius Orthography, at the same time attacking the authors scholarship and character." + }, + { + "id": 14918, + "la": "XX C Iulius Hyginus, Augusti libertus, natione Hispanus (nonnulli Alexandrinum putant et a Caesare puerum Romam adductum Alexandria capta), studiose et audiit et imitatus est Cornelium Alexandrum grammaticum Graecum, quem propter antiquitatis notitiam Polyhistorem multi, quidam Historiam vocabant", + "en": "XX. Gaius Julius Hyginus, a freedman of Augustus and a Spaniard by birth (some think that he was a native of Alexandria and was brought to Rome when a boy by Caesar after his capture of the city), was a zealous pupil and imitator of the Greek grammarian Cornelius Alexander, whom many called Polyhistor because of his knowledge of the" + }, + { + "id": 14919, + "la": "Praefuit Palatinae bibliothecae, nec eo secius plurimos docuit;", + "en": "past, and some History. Hyginus was in charge of the Palatine Library,41 but nevertheless took many pupils." + }, + { + "id": 14920, + "la": "fuitque familiarissimus Ovidio poetae et Clodio Licino consulari, historico, qui eum admodum pauperem decessisse tradit et liberalitate sua, quoad vixerit, sustentatum", + "en": "He was an intimate friend of the poet Ovid and of Clodius Licinus the ex-consul and historian, who tells us that Hyginus died very poor after being supported as long as he lived by the writers generosity." + }, + { + "id": 14921, + "la": "Huius libertus fuit Iulius Modestus, in studiis atque doctrina vestigia patroni secutus", + "en": "He had a freedman Julius Modestus, who followed in his patrons footsteps as student and scholar." + }, + { + "id": 14922, + "la": "XXI C Melissus, Spoleti natus ingenuus, sed ob discordiam parentum expositus, cura et industria educatoris sui altiora studia percepit, ac Maecenati pro grammatico muneri datus est", + "en": "XXI. Gaius Melissus, a native of Spoletium, was freeborn, but was disowned42 owing to a disagreement between his parents. Nevertheless through the care and devotion of the man who reared him, he received a superior education, and was presented to Maecenas as a grammarian." + }, + { + "id": 14923, + "la": "Cui cum se gratum et acceptum in modum amici videret, quanquam asserente matre, permansit tamen in statu servitutis praesentemque condicionem verae origini anteposuit;", + "en": "Finding that Maecenas appreciated him and treated him as a friend, although his mother claimed his freedom, he yet remained in a condition of slavery, since he preferred his present lot to that of his actual origin." + }, + { + "id": 14924, + "la": "quare cito manumissus, Augusto etiam insinuatus est", + "en": "In consequence he was soon set free, and even won the favour of Augustus." + }, + { + "id": 14925, + "la": "Quo delegante, curam ordinandarum bibliothecarum in Octaviae porticu suscepit", + "en": "At the emperors appointment he undertook the task of arranging the library in the Colonnade of Octavia.43" + }, + { + "id": 14926, + "la": "Atque, ut ipse tradit, sexagesimum aetatis annum agens, libellos Ineptiarum, qui nunc Iocorum inscribuntur, componere instituit, absolvitque C et L, quibus et alios diversi operis postea addidit", + "en": "In his sixtieth year, as he himself writes, he began to compile his volumes of Trifles, now entitled Jests, of which he completed a hundred and fifty; and he later added other volumes of a different character." + }, + { + "id": 14927, + "la": "Fecit et novum genus togatarum inscripsitque trabeatas", + "en": "He likewise originated a new kind of togatae,44 to which he gave the name of trabeatae.45" + }, + { + "id": 14928, + "la": "XXII M Pomponius Marcellus, sermonis Latini exactor molestissimus, in advocatione quadam (nam interdum et causas agebat) soloecismum ab adversario factum usque adeo arguere perseveravit, quoad Cassius Severus, interpellatis iudicibus, dilationem petiit, ut litigator suus alium grammaticum adhiberet;", + "en": "XXII. Marcus Pomponius Marcellus, a most pedantic critic of the Latin language, in one of his cases (for he sometimes acted as an advocate) was so persistent in criticizing an error in diction made by his opponent that Cassius Severus appealed to the judges and asked for a postponement, to enable his client to employ a grammarian in his stead:" + }, + { + "id": 14929, + "la": "quando non putat is cum adversario de iure sibi, sed de soloecismo controversiam futuram", + "en": "For, said he, he thinks that the contest with his opponent will not be on points of law, but of diction." + }, + { + "id": 14930, + "la": "Hic idem, cum ex oratione Tiberi verbum reprehendisset, affirmante Ateio Capitone, et esse illud Latinum, et si non esset, futurum certe iam inde:", + "en": "When this same Marcellus had criticized a word in one of Tiberius speeches, and Ateius Capito declared that it was good Latin, or if not, that it would surely be so from that time on, Marcellus answered:" + }, + { + "id": 14931, + "la": "Mentitur, inquit, Capito; tu enim, Caesar, civitatem dare potes hominibus, verbo non potes.", + "en": "Capito lies; for you, Caesar, can confer citizenship upon men, but not upon a word." + }, + { + "id": 14932, + "la": "Pugilem olim fuisse, Asinius Gallus hoc in eum epigrammate ostendit:", + "en": "That he had formerly been a boxer is shown by this epigram which Asinius Pollio made upon him:" + }, + { + "id": 14933, + "la": "XXIII Q Remmius Palaemon, Vicetinus, mulieris verna, primo, ut ferunt, textrinum, deinde herilem filium dum comitatur in scholam, litteras didicit", + "en": "XXIII. Quintus Remmius Palaemon, of Vicetia, was the home-born slave of a woman. He first, they say, learned the weavers trade, and then got an education by accompanying his masters son to school.48" + }, + { + "id": 14934, + "la": "Postea manumissus docuit Romae ac principem locum inter grammaticos tenuit, quanquam infamis omnibus vitiis, palamque et Tiberio et mox Claudio praedicantibus, nemini minus institutionem puerorum vel iuvenum committendam", + "en": "He was afterwards set free, and became a teacher at Rome, where he held a leading rank among the grammarians, in spite of the fact that he was notorious for every kind of vice, and that Tiberius and later Claudius openly declared that there was no one less fitted to be trusted with the education of boys or young men." + }, + { + "id": 14935, + "la": "Sed capiebat homines cum memoria rerum, tum facilitate sermonis;", + "en": "But he caught mens fancy by his remarkable memory, as well as by his readiness of speech;" + }, + { + "id": 14936, + "la": "nec non etiam poemata faciebat ex tempore", + "en": "for he even extemporized poems." + }, + { + "id": 14937, + "la": "Scripsit vero variis, nec vulgaribus metris", + "en": "He wrote too in various uncommon metres." + }, + { + "id": 14938, + "la": "Arrogantia fuit tanta, ut M Varronem porcum appellaret;", + "en": "He was so presumptuous that he called Marcus Varro a hog;" + }, + { + "id": 14939, + "la": "secum et natas et morituras litteras iactaret;", + "en": "declared that letters were born with him and would die with him;" + }, + { + "id": 14940, + "la": "nomen suum in Bucolicis non temere positum, sed praesagante Vergilio, fore quandoque omnium poetarum ac poematum Palaemonem iudicem", + "en": "and that it was no accident that his name appeared in the Bucolics,49 but because Virgil divined that one day a Palaemon would be judge of all poets and poems." + }, + { + "id": 14941, + "la": "Gloriabatur etiam, latrones quondam sibi propter nominis celebritatem pepercisse", + "en": "He boasted too that brigands once spared him because of the celebrity of his name." + }, + { + "id": 14942, + "la": "Luxuriae ita indulsit, ut saepius in die lavaret, nec sufficeret sumptibus, quanquam ex schola quadringena annua caperet, ac non multo minus ex re familiari;", + "en": "He was so given to luxurious living that he went to the bath several times a day, and could not live within his income, although he received four hundred thousand sesterces a year from his school and almost as much from his private property." + }, + { + "id": 14943, + "la": "cuius diligentissimus erat, cum et officinas promercalium vestium exerceret, et agros adeo coleret, ut vitem manu eius insitam satis constet CCCLXV dies uvas edidisse", + "en": "To the latter he gave great attention, keeping shops for the sale of ready made clothing and cultivating his fields with such care that it is common talk that a vine which he grafted himself yielded grapes every day of the year." + }, + { + "id": 14944, + "la": "Sed maxime flagrabat libidinibus in mulieres, usque ad infamiam oris;", + "en": "But he was especially notorious for acts of licentiousness with women, which he carried to the pitch of shameful indecency;" + }, + { + "id": 14945, + "la": "dicto quoque non infaceto notatum ferunt cuiusdam, qui cum in turba osculum sibi ingerentem quanquam refugiens devitare non posset, Vis tu, inquit, magister, quotiens festinantem aliquem vides, abligurire?", + "en": "and they say that he was held up to scorn by the witty remark of a man who met him in a crowd and being unable to escape his kiss, although he tried to avoid it, cried: Master, do you wish to mouth everyone whom you see in a hurry?" + }, + { + "id": 14946, + "la": "XXIV M Valerius Probus, Berytius, diu centuriatum petiit, donec taedio ad studia se contulit", + "en": "XXIV. Marcus Valerius Probus of Berytus for a long time sought an appointment as centurion, finally grew tired of waiting, and devoted himself to study." + }, + { + "id": 14947, + "la": "Legerat in provincia quosdam veteres libellos apud grammatistam, durante adhuc ibi antiquorum memoria, necdum omnino abolita sicut Romae", + "en": "He had read some early writers with an elementary teacher in one of the provinces; for the memory of those writers still lingers there and is not wholly lost, as it is in Rome." + }, + { + "id": 14948, + "la": "Hos cum diligentius repeteret atque alios deinceps cognoscere cuperet, quamvis omnes contemni magisque opprobrio legentibus quam gloriae et fructui esse animadverteret, nihilo minus in proposito mansit;", + "en": "When he took these up again with greater care, and sought to extend his acquaintance to others of the same period, although he perceived that they were all held in contempt and brought rather reproach to those who read them than honour and profit, he nevertheless persisted in his purpose." + }, + { + "id": 14949, + "la": "multaque exemplaria contracta emendare ac distinguere et annotare curavit, soli huic nec ulli praeterea grammatices parti deditus", + "en": "After getting together a large number of copies, he gave his attention to correcting and punctuating them, and furnishing them with critical notes, devoting himself to this branch of grammar to the exclusion of all others." + }, + { + "id": 14950, + "la": "Hic non tam discipulos quam sectatores aliquot habuit", + "en": "He had a few followers, rather than pupils;" + }, + { + "id": 14951, + "la": "Nunquam enim ita docuit ut magistri personam sustineret;", + "en": "for he never taught in such a way as to assume the role of a master." + }, + { + "id": 14952, + "la": "unum et alterum, vel cum plurimos tres aut quattuor postmeridianis horis admittere solebat, cubansque inter longos ac vulgares sermones legere quaedam idque perraro", + "en": "He used to receive one or two, or at most three or four, in the afternoon hours, when he would lie upon a couch and in the course of long and general conversations50 would read some few things, though very rarely." + }, + { + "id": 14953, + "la": "Nimis pauca et exigua de quibusdam minutis quaestiunculis edidit", + "en": "He published a few slight works on divers minute points," + }, + { + "id": 14954, + "la": "Reliquit autem non mediocrem Silvam Observationum Sermonis Antiqui.", + "en": "and also left a good sized Grove51 of Observations on our Early Language." + }, + { + "id": 14955, + "la": "Rhetorica quoque apud nos perinde atque grammatica fere recepta est, paululo etiam difficilius, quippe quam constet nonnunquam etiam prohibitam exerceri", + "en": "The study of rhetoric was introduced into our country in about the same way as that of grammar, but with somewhat greater difficulty, since, as is well known, its practice was at times actually prohibited." + }, + { + "id": 14956, + "la": "Quod ne cui dubium sit, vetus item censorium edictum subiciam: Fannio Strabone M Valerio Messala coss M Pomponius praetor senatum consuluit", + "en": "To remove any doubt on this point, I shall append an ancient decree of the senate, as well as an edict of the censors: In the consulship of Gaius Fannius Strabo and Marcus Valerius Messala the praetor Marcus Pomponius laid a proposition before the senate." + }, + { + "id": 14957, + "la": "Quod verba facta sunt de philosophis et rhetoribus, de ea re ita censuerunt, ut M Pomponius praetor animadverteret curaretque, ut et e re p fideque sua videretur, uti Romae ne essent.", + "en": "As the result of a discussion about philosophers and rhetoricians, the senate decreed that Marcus Pomponius, the praetor, should take heed and provide, in whatever way seemed in accord with the interests of the State and his oath of office, that they be not allowed to live in Rome." + }, + { + "id": 14958, + "la": "De eisdem interiecto tempore Cn Domitius Ahenobarbus, L Licinius Crassus censores ita edixerunt:", + "en": "Some time afterward the censors Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Lucius Licinius Crassus issued the following edict about the same class of men:" + }, + { + "id": 14959, + "la": "Renuntiatum est nobis, esse homines qui novum genus disciplinae instituerunt, ad quos iuventus in ludum conveniat;", + "en": "It has been reported to us that there be men who have introduced a new kind of training, and that our young men frequent their schools;" + }, + { + "id": 14960, + "la": "eos sibi nomen imposuisse Latinos rhetoras;", + "en": "that these men have assumed the title of Latin rhetoricians," + }, + { + "id": 14961, + "la": "ibi homines adulescentulos dies totos desidere", + "en": "and that young men spend whole days with them in idleness." + }, + { + "id": 14962, + "la": "Maiores nostri, quae liberos suos discere et quos in ludos itare vellent, instituerunt", + "en": "Our forefathers determined what they wished their children to learn and what schools they desired them to attend." + }, + { + "id": 14963, + "la": "Haec nova, quae praeter consuetudinem ac morem maiorum fiunt, neque placent neque recta videntur", + "en": "These innovations in the customs and principles of our forefathers do not please us nor seem proper." + }, + { + "id": 14964, + "la": "Quapropter et eis qui eos ludos habent, et eis qui eo venire consuerunt, videtur faciundum ut ostenderemus nostram sententiam, nobis non placere.", + "en": "Therefore it appears necessary to make our opinion known, both to those who have such schools and to those who are in the habit of attending them, that they are displeasing to us." + }, + { + "id": 14965, + "la": "Paulatim et ipsa utilis honestaque apparuit, multique eam et praesidii causa et gloriae appetiverunt", + "en": "By degrees rhetoric itself came to seem useful and honourable, and many devoted themselves to it as a defence and for glory." + }, + { + "id": 14966, + "la": "Cicero ad praeturam usque etiam Graece declamitavit, Latine vero senior quoque et quidem cum consulibus Hirtio et Pansa, quos discipulos et grandis praetextatos vocabat", + "en": "Cicero continued to declaim in Greek as well as Latin up to the time of his praetorship, and in Latin even when he was getting on in years; and that too in company with the future consuls Hirtius and Pansa, whom he calls his pupils and his big boys." + }, + { + "id": 14967, + "la": "Cn Pompeium quidam historici tradiderunt sub ipsum civile bellum, quo facilius C Curioni promptissimo iuveni, causam Caesaris defendenti, contradiceret, repetisse declamandi consuetudinem; M Antonium, item Augustum ne Mutinensi quidem bello omisisse", + "en": "Some historians assert that Gnaeus Pompeius resumed the practice of declaiming just before the civil war, that he might be the better able to argue against Gaius Curio, a young man of very ready tongue, who was espousing Caesars cause; and that Marcus Antonius, and Augustus as well, did not give it up even during the war at Mutina." + }, + { + "id": 14968, + "la": "Nero Caesar primo imperii anno, publice quoque bis antea, declamavit", + "en": "The emperor Nero declaimed in the first year of his reign, and had also done so in public twice before." + }, + { + "id": 14969, + "la": "Plerique autem oratorum etiam declamationes ediderunt", + "en": "Furthermore, many of the orators also published declamations." + }, + { + "id": 14970, + "la": "Quare magno studio hominibus iniecto, magna etiam professorum ac doctorum profluxit copia, adeoque floruit, ut nonnulli ex infima fortuna in ordinem senatorium atque ad summos honores processerint", + "en": "In this way general enthusiasm was aroused, and a great number of masters and teachers flocked to Rome, where they were so well received that some advanced from the lowest estate to senatorial dignity and to the highest magistracies." + }, + { + "id": 14971, + "la": "Sed ratio docendi nec una omnibus, nec singulis eadem semper fuit, quando vario modo quisque discipulos exercuerunt", + "en": "But they did not all follow the same method of teaching, and the individual teachers also varied in their practice, since each one trained his pupils in various ways." + }, + { + "id": 14972, + "la": "Nam et dicta praeclare per omnes figuras versare, et apologos aliter atque aliter exponere, et narrationes cum breviter ac presse tum latius et uberius explicare consuerant;", + "en": "For they would give variety to fine stories by employing every figure of speech, recount fables now in one way and now in another, and compose narratives sometimes in a condensed and brief form, again with greater detail and flow of words." + }, + { + "id": 14973, + "la": "interdum Graecorum scripta convertere, ac viros illustres laudare vel vituperare;", + "en": "Sometimes they would translate Greek works, and praise or censure distinguished men." + }, + { + "id": 14974, + "la": "quaedam etiam ad usum communis vitae instituta tum utilia et necessaria, tum perniciosa et supervacanea ostendere;", + "en": "They would show that some practices in everyday life were expedient and essential, others harmful and superfluous." + }, + { + "id": 14975, + "la": "saepe fabulis fidem firmare aut demere, quod genus thesis et anasceuas et catasceuas Graeci vocant;", + "en": "Frequently they defended or assailed the credibility of myths, an exercise which the Greeks call destructive and constructive criticism." + }, + { + "id": 14976, + "la": "donec sensim haec exoleverunt, et ad controversiam ventum est", + "en": "But finally all these exercises6 went out of vogue and were succeeded by the debate." + }, + { + "id": 14977, + "la": "Veteres controversiae aut ex historiis trahebantur, sicut sane nonnullae usque adhuc, aut ex veritate ac re, si qua forte recens accidisset;", + "en": "The earlier debates were based either upon historical narrative, as indeed is sometimes the case at present, or upon some event of recent occurrence in real life." + }, + { + "id": 14978, + "la": "itaque locorum etiam appellationibus additis proponi solebant", + "en": "Accordingly they were usually presented with even the names of the localities included." + }, + { + "id": 14979, + "la": "Sic certe collectae editaeque se habent, ex quibus non alienum fuerit unam et alteram exempli causa ad verbum referre", + "en": "At any rate that is the case with the published collections, from which it may be enlightening to give one or two specimens word for word." + }, + { + "id": 14980, + "la": "Aestivo tempore adulescentes urbani cum Ostiam venissent, litus ingressi, piscatores trahentes rete adierunt et pepigerunt, bolum quanti emerent; nummos solverunt; diu exspectaverunt, dum retia extraherentur; aliquando extractis, piscis nullus affuit, sed sporta auri obsuta", + "en": "Some young men from the city went to Ostia in the summer season, and arriving at the shore, found some fishermen drawing in their nets. They made a bargain to give a certain sum for the haul. The money was paid and they waited for some time until the nets were drawn ashore. When they were at last hauled out, no fish was found in them, but a closed basket of gold." + }, + { + "id": 14981, + "la": "Tum emptores bolum suum aiunt, piscatores suum.", + "en": "Then the purchasers said that the catch belonged to them, the fishermen that it was theirs." + }, + { + "id": 14982, + "la": "Venalici cum Brundisi gregem venalium e navi educerent, formoso et pretioso puero, quod portitores verebantur, bullam et praetextam togam imposuerunt; facile fallaciam celarunt", + "en": "When some dealers were landing a cargo of slaves from a ship at Brundisium, they dressed a handsome and high-priced young slave in the amulet and fringed toga for fear of the collectors of customs, and their fraud easily escaped detection." + }, + { + "id": 14983, + "la": "Romam venitur, res cognita est, petitur puer, quod domini voluntate fuerit liber, in libertatem.", + "en": "When they reached Rome, the case was taken to court and a claim was made for the slaves liberty, on the ground that his master had voluntarily freed him." + }, + { + "id": 14984, + "la": "Olim autem eas appellatione Graeca o vocabant; mox controversias quidem, sed aut fictas aut iudiciales", + "en": "Such discussions they formerly called by their Greek name of hypotheses, but afterwards debates; but they might be either fictitious or legal." + }, + { + "id": 14985, + "la": "Illustres professores, et quorum memoria aliqua exstet, non temere alii reperientur quam de quibus tradam", + "en": "The eminent teachers of the subject, of whom any account is to be found, are limited pretty closely to those whom I shall mention." + }, + { + "id": 14986, + "la": "L Plotius Gallus De hoc Cicero in epistula ad M Titinnium sic refert:", + "en": "Of Lucius Plotius Gallus, Cicero gives the following account in a letter to Marcus Titinnius:" + }, + { + "id": 14987, + "la": "Equidem memoria teneo, pueris nobis primum Latine docere coepisse Plotium quendam", + "en": "I well remember that when we were boys a certain Plotius first began to teach in Latin." + }, + { + "id": 14988, + "la": "Ad quem cum fieret concursus, quod studiosissimus quisque apud eum exerceretur, dolebam mihi idem non licere", + "en": "When crowds flocked to him, for all the most diligent students of the subject were trained under him, I regretted not having the same privilege." + }, + { + "id": 14989, + "la": "Continebar autem doctissimorum hominum auctoritate, qui existimabant Graecis exercitationibus ali melius ingenia posse.", + "en": "But I was deterred by the advice of certain men of wide experience, who believed that ones mind could better be trained by exercises in Greek." + }, + { + "id": 14990, + "la": "Hunc eundem (nam diutissime vixit) M Caelius in oratione, quam pro se de vi habuit, significat dictasse Atratino, accusatori suo, actionem;", + "en": "Marcus Caelius, in a speech in which he defended himself against a charge of violence, implies that this same Plotius, for he lived to a great age, supplied Caelius accuser, Atratinus, with his plea;" + }, + { + "id": 14991, + "la": "subtractoque nomine, hordearium eum rhetorem appellat, deridens ut inflatum ac levem et sordidum", + "en": "and without mentioning him by name, Caelius calls him a barley-bread rhetorician, mocking at him as puffy, light, and coarse." + }, + { + "id": 14992, + "la": "M Otacilius Pitholaus servisse dicitur atque etiam ostiarius vetere more in catena fuisse, donec ob ingenium ac studium litterarum manumissus, accusanti patrono subscripsit", + "en": "Manius Otacilius Pitholaus is said to have been a slave and even to have served as a doorkeeper in chains, according to the ancient custom, until he was set free because of his talent and interest in letters, and helped his patron prepare his accusations." + }, + { + "id": 14993, + "la": "Deinde rhetoricam professus, Cn Pompeium Magnum docuit, patrisque eius res gestas, nec minus ipsius, compluribus libris exposuit;", + "en": "Then becoming a teacher of rhetoric, he had Gnaeus Pompeius the Great for a pupil, and wrote a history of the exploits of Pompeys father, as well as those of the son, in several volumes." + }, + { + "id": 14994, + "la": "primus omnium libertinorum, ut Cornelius Nepos opinatur, scribere historiam orsus, nonnisi ab honestissimo quoque scribi solitam ad id tempus", + "en": "In the opinion of Cornelius Nepos, he was the first of all freedmen to take up the writing of history, which up to that time had been confined to men of the highest position." + }, + { + "id": 14995, + "la": "M Epidius, calumnia notatus, ludum dicendi aperuit docuitque inter ceteros M Antonium et Augustum;", + "en": "Marcus Epidius, notorious as a blackmailer, opened a school of oratory and numbered among his pupils Mark Antony and Augustus;" + }, + { + "id": 14996, + "la": "quibus quondam Ti Cannutius, obicientibus sibi quod in re p administranda potissimum consularis Isaurici sectam sequeretur, malle respondit Isaurici esse discipulum quam Epidi calumniatoris", + "en": "and when they once jeered at Tiberius Cannutius because he preferred to side with the political party of Isauricus, the ex-consul, Cannutius rejoined: I would rather be a disciple of Isauricus than of a false accuser like Epidius." + }, + { + "id": 14997, + "la": "Hic Epidius ortum se a C Epidio Nucerino praedicabat, quem ferunt olim praecipitatum in fontem fluminis Sarni, paulo post cum cornibus aureis exstitisse, ac statim non comparuisse in numeroque deorum habitum", + "en": "This Epidius claimed descent from Gaius Epidius of Nuceria, who, it is said, once threw himself into the source of the river Sarnus and came out shortly afterwards with golden horns on his head; then he at once disappeared and was reckoned among the number of the gods." + }, + { + "id": 14998, + "la": "Sextus Clodius, e Sicilia, Latinae simul Graecaeque eloquentiae professor, male oculatus et dicax, par oculorum in amicitia M Antonii triumviri extrisse se aiebat;", + "en": "Sextus Clodius of Sicily, a teacher of both Greek and Latin oratory and a man with poor sight and a sharp tongue, used to say that he had worn out a pair of eyes11 during his friendship with Mark Antony, the triumvir." + }, + { + "id": 14999, + "la": "eiusdem uxorem Fulviam, cui altera bucca inflatior erat, acumen stili tentare dixit, nec eo minus, immo vel magis ob hoc Antonio gratus", + "en": "He also said of the latter's wife, Fulvia, one of whose cheeks was somewhat swollen: She tempts the point of my pen; and by this witticism he rather gained than lost favour with Antony." + }, + { + "id": 15000, + "la": "A quo mox consule ingens etiam congiarium accepit, ut ei in Philippicis Cicero obicit: Adhibes ioci causa magistrum, suffragio tuo et compotorum tuorum rhetorem, cui concessisti ut in te quae vellet diceret, salsum omnino hominem, sed materia facilis in te et in tuos dicta dicere", + "en": "When Antony presently became consul, Clodius received from him an enormous gift, as Cicero charges against Antony in his Philippics: For the sake of his jokes you employ a schoolmaster, elected a rhetorician by your vote and those of your pot-companions, and you have allowed him to say anything he likes about you; a witty fellow, no doubt, but it is not a hard matter to say clever things of you and your mates." + }, + { + "id": 15001, + "la": "At quanta merces rhetori est data!", + "en": "But what pay does this rhetorician receive?" + }, + { + "id": 15002, + "la": "Audite, audite, P C., et cognoscite rei p vulnera", + "en": "Listen, senators, listen, and know the wounds which our country suffers." + }, + { + "id": 15003, + "la": "Duo milia iugerum campi Leontini Sex Clodio rhetori assignasti et quidem immunia, ut tanta mercede nihil sapere disceres.", + "en": "You made over to this rhetorician, Sextus Clodius, two thousand acres of the Leontine territory, and free of taxes too, that at so great a price you might learn to know nothing." + }, + { + "id": 15004, + "la": "C Albucius Silus, Novariensis, cum aedilitate in patria fungeretur, cum forte ius diceret, ab iis contra quos pronuntiabat pedibus e tribunali detractus est", + "en": "Gaius Albucius Silus of Novara, while he was holding the office of aedile in his native town and chanced to be sitting in judgment, was dragged by the feet from the tribunal by those against whom he was rendering a decision." + }, + { + "id": 15005, + "la": "Quod indigne ferens, statim contendit ad portam et inde Romam, receptusque in Planci oratoris contubernium, cui declamaturo mos erat prius aliquem qui ante diceret excitare, suscepit eas partes, atque ita implevit ut Planco silentium imponeret, non audenti in comparationem se demittere", + "en": "Indignant at this, he at once made for the gate and went off to Rome. There he was admitted to the house of the orator Plancus, who had the habit, when he was going to declaim, of calling upon someone to speak before him. Albucius undertook that role, and filled it so effectively that he reduced Plancus to silence, since he did not venture to enter into competition." + }, + { + "id": 15006, + "la": "Sed ex eo clarus, propria auditoria instituit, solitus proposita controversia sedens incipere, et calore demum provectus consurgere ac perorare, declamare autem genere vario:", + "en": "But when Albucius had thus become famous, he opened a lecture room of his own, where it was his habit after proposing a subject for a debate, to begin to speak from his seat, and then as he warmed up, to rise and make his peroration on his feet. He declaimed, too, in various manners," + }, + { + "id": 15007, + "la": "modo splendide atque adornate, tum, ne usque quaque scholasticus existimaretur, circumcise ac sordide et tantum non trivialibus verbis", + "en": "now in a brilliant and ornate style, and at another time, not to be thought invariably academic, speaking briefly, in everyday language and all but that of the streets." + }, + { + "id": 15008, + "la": "Amnis ibat inter arva valle fusus frigida, luce ridens calculorum, flore pictus herbido", + "en": "Through the fields there went a river; down the airy glen it wound, Smiling mid its radiant pebbles, decked with flowery plants around." + }, + { + "id": 15009, + "la": "caerulas superne laurus et virecta myrtea leniter motabat aura blandiente sibilo", + "en": "Dark-hued laurels waved above it close by myrtle greeneries, Gently swaying to the whispers and caresses of the breeze." + }, + { + "id": 15010, + "la": "subter autem molle gramen flore adulto creverat: et croco solum rubebat et lucebat liliis, et nemus fragrabat omne violarum sub spiritu", + "en": "Underneath grew velvet greensward with a wealth of bloom for dower, And the ground, agleam with lilies, coloured neath the saffron-flower, While the grove was full of fragrance and of breath from violets." + }, + { + "id": 15011, + "la": "denique cernamus, quos aurum servit in usus", + "en": "Let us then see for what uses gold doth serve." + }, + { + "id": 15012, + "la": "auro emitur facinus, pudor almus venditur auro, tum patria atque parens, leges pietasque fidesque:", + "en": "It is the buying-price of crime, it is the sale-price of kind modesty, of fatherland and parent, of laws and piety and faith:" + }, + { + "id": 15013, + "la": "omne nefas auro tegitur, fas proditur auro", + "en": "all guilt is hidden by gold, by gold all righteousness betrayed." + }, + { + "id": 15014, + "la": "porro hoc Pactolus, porro fluat et niger Hermus?", + "en": "With it must Pactolus still flow on, and likewise the dark Hermus-stream?" + }, + { + "id": 15015, + "la": "aurum, res gladii, furor amens, ardor avarus, te celent semper vada turbida, te luta nigra, te tellus mersum premat infera, te sibi nasci Tartareus cupiat Phlegethon Stygiaeque paludes!", + "en": "O gold, thou murderous thing, thou frenzied madness and passionate greed, let muddy shallows and a streams dark silt conceal thee evermore; let earth below whelm and bury thee, let Tartarean Phlegethon and the Stygian pools covet thy birth for themselves!" + }, + { + "id": 15016, + "la": "inter liventes pereat tibi fulvor harenas, nec post ad superos redeat faex aurea puros!", + "en": "Perish thy yellow gleam among the sombre sands! Never hereafter let the golden dregs return to cleanhanded men of the world above!" + }, + { + "id": 15017, + "la": "Ales, dum madida gravata nube", + "en": "A bird with drenching rain overweighted," + }, + { + "id": 15018, + "la": "udos tardius explicat volatus,", + "en": "Hindered by wet, her flight abated," + }, + { + "id": 15019, + "la": "decepta in medio repente nisu", + "en": "And sudden, mid her efforts foiled," + }, + { + "id": 15020, + "la": "capta est pondere depremente plumae:", + "en": "Was caught as beneath her load she toiled." + }, + { + "id": 15021, + "la": "cassato solito vigore pennae,", + "en": "When her old strength of wing grew nought," + }, + { + "id": 15022, + "la": "quae vitam dederant, dedere letum;", + "en": "What once brought life now ruin brought:" + }, + { + "id": 15023, + "la": "sic, quis ardua nunc tenebat alis,", + "en": "So pinions used for soaring high" + }, + { + "id": 15024, + "la": "isdem protinus incidit ruinae", + "en": "Straight dashed her on the ground to die." + }, + { + "id": 15025, + "la": "quid sublimia circuisse prodest?", + "en": "What boots it round the heavens to fly?" + }, + { + "id": 15026, + "la": "qui celsi steterant, iacent sub imis!", + "en": "Who stood exalted, lowest lie!" + }, + { + "id": 15027, + "la": "exemplum capiant, nimis petendo", + "en": "Learn this, who aim beyond the scale" + }, + { + "id": 15028, + "la": "qui ventis tumidi volant secundis", + "en": "And haughtily ride the favouring gale." + }, + { + "id": 15029, + "la": "Omnipotens, annosa poli quem suspicit aetas, quem sub millenis semper virtutibus unum nec numero quisquam poterit pensare nec aevo, nunc esto affatus, si quo te nomine dignum est,", + "en": "Almighty Being, to whom heavens age, ancient of years, showeth reverence, whom for ever One amid a thousand attributes, no man shall ever have power to appraise in number or in time, now be thou addressed if under any name it is fitting to address thee;" + }, + { + "id": 15030, + "la": "quo sacer ignoto gaudes, quom maxima tellus intremit et sistunt rapidos vaga sidera cursus", + "en": "yet even in name unknown thou hast thy hallowed joy, when mightiest earth shuddereth and wandering constellations stay their rapid courses." + }, + { + "id": 15031, + "la": "tu solus, tu multus item, tu primus et idem postremus mediusque simul mundique superstes", + "en": "Thou art alone, yet in thyself many, thou art first and likewise last, and midway in time withal, outliving the world." + }, + { + "id": 15032, + "la": "nam sine fine tui labentia tempora finis", + "en": "For without end for thyself, thou bringest the gliding seasons to an end." + }, + { + "id": 15033, + "la": "altus ab aeterno spectas fera turbine certo rerum fata rapi vitasque involvier aevo atque iterum reduces supera in convexa referri scilicet ut mundo redeat quod partubus haustus perdiderit refluumque iterum per tempora fiat", + "en": "On high from everlasting thou beholdest the cruel destinies of the world awhirl in their predestined cycle, living souls in the coils of time, and again on their return restored to the vault above, a doubtless so that there may come back to the world what it has lost, exhausted by births, and that this may again flow through the seasons of time." + }, + { + "id": 15034, + "la": "tu (siquidem fas est in temet tendere sensum et speciem temptare sacram, qua sidera cingis immensus longamque simul complecteris aethram) fulmineis forsan rapida sub imagine membris flammifluum quoddam iubar es, quo cuncta coruscans ipse vides nostrumque premis solemque diemque", + "en": "Thou (if indeed it is allowed towards thee to direct the senses and essay to grasp the hallowed beauty wherewith in thine immeasurable power thou dost invest the stars and dost embrace withal the far-stretched upper air) in some quick guise mayhap with lightning limbs art like a flame-flowing radiance wherewith thou dost cause to flash all the world beneath thine own eyes and speedest onward the sunlight of our day." + }, + { + "id": 15035, + "la": "tu genus omne deum, tu rerum causa vigorque,", + "en": "Thou art the whole kindred of the gods, thou art the cause and energy of things," + }, + { + "id": 15036, + "la": "tu natura omnis, deus innumerabilis unus,", + "en": "thou art all nature, one god beyond reckoning," + }, + { + "id": 15037, + "la": "tu sexu plenus toto, tibi nascitur olim hic deus hic mundus, domus haec hominumque deumque,", + "en": "thou art full of the whole of sex, for thee cometh to birth upon a day here a god, here a world'this home of men and gods'lucent," + }, + { + "id": 15038, + "la": "lucens, augusto stellatus flore iuventae", + "en": "starred with the majestic bloom of youth." + }, + { + "id": 15039, + "la": "quem (precor, adspires), qua sit ratione creatus, quo genitus factusve modo, da nosse volenti;", + "en": "Touching this world (vouchsafe thy favour, I pray), grant to a willing mind the knowledge of the principles on which it was created, the manner of its origin and making." + }, + { + "id": 15040, + "la": "da, Pater, augustas ut possim noscere causas, mundanas olim moles quo foedere rerum sustuleris animamque levi quo maximus olim texueris numero, quo congrege dissimilique, quidque id sit vegetum, quod per cita corpora vivit", + "en": "Grant, O Sire, that I may have power to learn causes majestic, by what alliance of things a thou didst of old upraise the worlds masses of matter, and of what light texture, intimate yet dissimilar, thou didst of old in thy might weave the soul, and what that vigorous element is which in quick-moving bodies constitutes life." + }, + { + "id": 15041, + "la": "Prima deum magnis canimus freta pervia natis fatidicamque ratem, Scythici quae Phasidis oras ausa sequi mediosque inter iuga concita cursus rumpere, flammifero tandem consedit Olympo", + "en": "My song is of the straits first navigated by the mighty sons of gods, of the prophetic ship that dared to seek the shores of Scythian Phasis, that burst unswerving through the clashing rocks, to sink at length to rest in the starry firmament." + }, + { + "id": 15042, + "la": "Phoebe, mone, si Cymaeae mihi conscia vatis stat casta cortina domo, si laurea digna fronte viret", + "en": "Phoebus, be thou my guide, if there stands in a pure home the tripod that shares the secrets of the Cymaean prophetess, if the green laurel lies on a worthy brow." + }, + { + "id": 15043, + "la": "tuque o, pelagi cui maior aperti fama, Caledonius postquam tua carbasa vexit oceanus Phrygios prius indignatus Iulos, eripe me populis et habenti nubila terrae, sancte pater, veterumque fave veneranda canenti facta virum", + "en": "And thou too, that didst win still greater glory for opening up the sea, after the Caledonian ocean had borne thy sails,1 the ocean that of yore would not brook the Phrygian Iuli, do thou, holy sire, raise me above the nations and the cloud-wrapped earth, and be favourable unto me as I hymn the wondrous deeds of old time heroes." + }, + { + "id": 15044, + "la": "versam proles tua pandet Idumen (namque potest), Solymo ac nigrantem pulvere fratrem spargentemque faces et in omni turre furentem", + "en": "Thy son shall tell of the overthrow of Idume'for well he can'of his brother foul with the dust of Solyma, as he hurls the brands and spreads havoc in every tower." + }, + { + "id": 15045, + "la": "ille tibi cultusque deum delubraque genti instituet, cum iam, genitor, lucebis ab omni parte poli; neque enim Tyriis Cynosura carinis certior aut Grais Helice servanda magistris, si tu signa dabis, sed te duce Graecia mittet et Sidon Nilusque rates", + "en": "In thy honour shall he ordain sacred rites and shall raise temples to his house,1 what time thou, Sire, shinest all over the sky; for if thy star guides then Cynosura shall not be a surer beacon to Tyrian ships, nor Helice, whom Grecian helmsmen must watch, but beneath thy guidance Greece and Sidon and Nile shall send forth their fleets." + }, + { + "id": 15046, + "la": "nunc nostra serenus orsa iuves, haec ut Latias vox impleat urbes", + "en": "Look kindly now on me and aid my essay, that the sound of my voice may fill the cities of Latium." + }, + { + "id": 15047, + "la": "Haemoniam primis Pelias frenabat ab annis, iam gravis et longus populis metus: illius amnes Ionium quicumque petunt, ille Othryn et Haemum atque imum felix versabat vomere Olympum", + "en": "From his earliest years Pelias, now old and long the terror of the nations, had ruled Haemonia: his were the rivers that go down to the Ionian sea, his good fortune was it to drive his plough on Othrys and Haemus and the slopes of Olympus." + }, + { + "id": 15048, + "la": "sed non ulla quies animo fratrisque paventi progeniem divumque minas; hunc nam fore regi exitio vatesque canunt pecudumque per aras terrifici monitus iterant: super ipsius ingens instat fama viri virtusque haut laeta tyranno", + "en": "Yet had his mind no rest, through dread of his brothers offspring and the threats of heaven; for the soothsayers foretold that through him destruction should come upon the king, and the victims at the altar repeated their fearful warnings: moreover, above all the great renown of the hero himself weighed upon his mind, and prowess never welcome to a tyrant." + }, + { + "id": 15049, + "la": "ergo anteire metus iuvenemque extinguere pergit Aesonium letique vias ac tempora versat", + "en": "Wherefore he sought to forestall his fears and to destroy the son of Aeson, brooding how and when he might take his life." + }, + { + "id": 15050, + "la": "sed neque bella videt Graias neque monstra per urbes ulla; Cleonaeo iam tempora clusus hiatu Alcides, olim Lernae defensus ab angue Arcas et ambobus iam cornua fracta iuvencis; ira maris vastique placent discrimina ponti", + "en": "But nowhere was there any sign of warfare nor of any monsters throughout the cities of Greece; long ago had Alcides covered his temples with the huge jaws of the Cleonaean beast, long since had Arcadia been guarded from Lernas serpent, and the horns of the two bulls2 broken; the wrath of the sea and the perils of the mighty ocean'these he approves." + }, + { + "id": 15051, + "la": "tum iuvenem tranquilla tuens nec fronte timendus occupat et fictis dat vultum et pondera dictis", + "en": "Then facing the youth with calm countenance and anger banished from his brow, he first accosted him, and his look lent weight to his lying words:" + }, + { + "id": 15052, + "la": "hanc mihi militiam, veterum quae pulchrior actis, adnue daque animum", + "en": "Give thy consent, I pray thee, to this enterprise, fairer far than any deeds of olden time, yea thy whole heart." + }, + { + "id": 15053, + "la": "nostri de sanguine Phrixus Cretheos ut patrias audisti effugerit aras", + "en": "Thou hast heard how Phrixus of the seed of Cretheus our kinsman fled from the altars of his father." + }, + { + "id": 15054, + "la": "hunc ferus Aeetes, Scythiam Phasimque rigentem qui colit (heu magni Solis pudor!), hospita vina inter et attonitae mactat sollemnia mensae nil nostri divumque memor", + "en": "Him the savage Aeetes who dwells in Scythia and the frost-bound Phasis (alas! for the shame of the great Sun!), murdered amid the genial cups and ceremonial of the stricken banquet, recking nought of me or of heaven." + }, + { + "id": 15055, + "la": "non nuntia tantum fama refert: ipsum iuvenem tam saeva gementem, ipsum ego, cum serus fessos sopor alligat artus, aspicio, lacera adsiduis meque illius umbra questibus et magni numen maris excitat Helle", + "en": "This is no mere voice of rumour; the young man himself I see, groaning piteously, with my own eyes I see him, when at last slumber binds my tired limbs, and with its ceaseless complainings his mangled shade and Helle, goddess of the wide sea, trouble my sleep." + }, + { + "id": 15056, + "la": "si mihi quae quondam vires, vel pendere poenas Colchida iam et regis caput hic atque arma videres", + "en": "Had I but my former strength, then shouldst thou see Colchis even now pay penalty, shouldst see here the head and weapons of the king." + }, + { + "id": 15057, + "la": "olim annis ille ardor hebet, necdum mea proles imperio et belli rebus matura marique: tu, cui iam curaeque vigent animique viriles, i, decus, et pecoris Nephelaei vellera Graio redde tholo ac tantis temet dignare periclis.", + "en": "The years have long since dulled the old fire, and my son is scarce ripe for rule and war and seafaring: do thou who hast even now the cares and the spirit of a man, do thou, my pride, go, bring back the fleece of Nepheles ram1 to its Grecian sanctuary, and think not thyself too frail for so perilous a task." + }, + { + "id": 15058, + "la": "talibus hortatur iuvenem, propiorque iubenti conticuit; cautes Scythico concurrere ponto Cyaneas tantoque silet possessa dracone vellera, multifidas regis quem filia linguas vibrantem ex adytis cantu dapibusque vocabat et dabat externo liventia mella veneno", + "en": "With such words did he urge on the youth, nay rather command him, and then held his peace; no word spake he of the Cyanean crags that clash upon the Scythian main, no word of the fleece held by the monstrous dragon with the flickering forked tongues, whom the princess called forth from the inmost chambers by charms and by food, to give him honey-cakes dark with the venom of strange lands." + }, + { + "id": 15059, + "la": "Mox taciti patuere doli nec vellera curae esse viro, sed sese odiis immania cogi in freta", + "en": "Soon was his secret guile laid bare, and it was plain to Jason that the king cared nought for the fleece, but that by his hate alone he himself was driven forth to the terrible seas." + }, + { + "id": 15060, + "la": "qua iussos sed tandem quaerere Colchos arte queat? nunc aerii plantaria vellet Perseos aut currus et quos frenasse dracones creditur, ignaras Cereris qui vomere terras imbuit et flava quercum damnavit arista", + "en": "Yet how to obey? how to set out in quest of Colchis? Had he but Perseus winged sandals now or the car and the fabled team of dragons of him1 who first set the mark of the ploughshare upon lands that knew not Ceres, and preferred the golden ear to the acorn." + }, + { + "id": 15061, + "la": "heu quid agat? populumne levem veterique tyranno infensum atque olim miserantes Aesona patres advocet? an socia Iunone et Pallade fretus armisona speret magis et freta iussa capessat, siqua operis tanti domito consurgere ponto fama queat? tu sola animos mentesque peruris, Gloria! te viridem videt immunemque senectae Phasidis in ripa stantem iuvenesque vocantem", + "en": "Alas! what is he to do? Shall he summon to his aid a fickle populace, already girding at their aged lord, and the elders that long since have pitied Aeson? Or shall he trust rather to the aid of Juno and Pallas of the ringing armour, and launch forth at the kings command, if haply, the sea subdued, some renown could arise from so great a task? Thou, Glory, thou alone dost fire mans hearts and minds! thee he beholds fresh, untouched by time, standing upon the shore of Phasis, calling to the young heroes." + }, + { + "id": 15062, + "la": "tandem animi incertum confusaque pectora firmat relligio, tendensque pias ad sidera palmas omnipotens regina, inquit, quam, turbidus atro aethere caeruleum quateret cum Iuppiter imbrem, ipse ego praecipiti tumidum per Enipea nimbo in campos et tuta tuli nec credere quivi ante deam, quam te tonitru nutuque reposci coniugis et subita raptam formidine vidi, da Scythiam Phasimque mihi; tuque, innuba Pallas, eripe me", + "en": "At last his trust in heaven gives strength to his doubting, troubled heart, and raising his hands devoutly to the stars: Almighty Queen, he says, whom when turbulent Jove was brandishing a murky tempest in the darkened sky, I bore on my own shoulders across Enipeus swollen by the storm of rain, away to the fields and safety, and could scarce believe thou wert a goddess, until I beheld how thou wast summoned back by the sound of thunder and thy husbands beck, and rapt away in sudden and fearful wise,2 O grant me to reach Scythia and Phasis; and thou, virgin Pallas, save me!" + }, + { + "id": 15063, + "la": "vestris egomet tum vellera templis illa dabo; dabit auratis et cornibus igni colla pater niveique greges altaria cingent.", + "en": "Then with my own hands will I offer that fleece in your temples; my father too shall offer up victims with gilded horns upon the fire, and snow-white herds shall stand round about the altars." + }, + { + "id": 15064, + "la": "Accepere deae celerique per aethera lapsu diversas petiere vias", + "en": "The goddesses hearkened, and moving swift through the air went upon their different ways." + }, + { + "id": 15065, + "la": "in moenia pernix Thespiaca ad carum Tritonia devolat Argum; moliri hunc puppem iubet et demittere ferro robora, Peliacas et iam comes exit in umbras; at Iuno Argolicas pariter Macetumque per urbes spargit inexpertos temptare parentibus austros Aesoniden, iam stare ratem remisque superbam poscere quos revehat rebusque in sidera tollat", + "en": "To the walls of Thespiae and her well-loved Argus Pallas flies lightly down; she bids him labour to fashion a ship and fell the timber with his axe, and now she goes forth at his side into Pelions shady forests; while Juno throughout all the cities of Argos and of Macedon proclaims abroad how Aesons son is making trial of the winds that his fathers never proved, how the ship stands ready and in her pride of oars is claiming men whom she may bring safe home and exalt to heaven by their glorious deeds." + }, + { + "id": 15066, + "la": "Omnis avet quae iam bellis spectataque fama turba ducum, primae seu quos in flore iuventae temptamenta tenent necdum data copia rerum", + "en": "And now every captain of approved renown in warfare is athirst for the voyage, and all they who in the first flower of manhood have passed not beyond essays, nor been given the chance of glorious deeds." + }, + { + "id": 15067, + "la": "at quibus arvorum studiumque insontis aratri, hos stimulant magnaque ratem per lustra viasque visi laude canunt manifesto in lumine Fauni silvarumque deae atque elatis cornibus amnes", + "en": "But they whose labour was in the fields and with the peaceful plough are aroused by the sight of Fauns about the thickets and ways in the clear light of day, and woodland goddesses and rivers with lofty horns, singing the high praises of the vessel." + }, + { + "id": 15068, + "la": "Protinus Inachiis ultro Tirynthius Argis advolat, Arcadio cuius flammata veneno tela puer facilesque umeris gaudentibus arcus gestat Hylas: velit ille quidem, sed dextera nondum par oneri clavaeque capax", + "en": "Forthwith the hero of Tiryns speeds unsummoned from Inachian Argos; his arrows dipped in burning poison from Arcadia and his bow, a light burden for glad shoulders, the boy Hylas bears; fain would he, but his small hand cannot yet match the weight nor grasp the club. And now frenzied Juno upbraids them with these words, and breaks again into her old complainings:" + }, + { + "id": 15069, + "la": "quos talibus amens insequitur solitosque novat Saturnia questus: o utinam Graiae rueret non omne iuventae in nova fata decus, nostrique Eurystheos haec nunc iussa forent! imbrem et tenebras saevumque tridentem iam iam ego et inviti torsissem coniugis ignem", + "en": "O that all the flower of the Grecian youth were not hastening to new destinies, and that these were now the behests of Eurystheus my servant!1 O then long ere this had I myself scattered storms and darkness abroad with the fierce trident, and had hurled my husbands fires, even against his will." + }, + { + "id": 15070, + "la": "nunc quoque nec socium nostrae columenque carinae esse velim, Herculeis nec me umquam fidere fas sit auxiliis, comiti et tantum debere superbo.", + "en": "Even now I would not have this man the ally and the strength of our ship, nor may I ever trust in the help of Hercules, or be beholden for so much to so proud a comrade." + }, + { + "id": 15071, + "la": "Dixit et Haemonias oculos detorquet ad undas", + "en": "So spake she, and turned her eyes toward the Haemonian waters." + }, + { + "id": 15072, + "la": "fervere cuncta virum coetu, simul undique cernit delatum nemus et docta resonare bipenni litora; iam pinus gracili dissolvere lamna Thespiaden iungique latus lentoque sequaces molliri videt igne trabes, remisque paratis Pallada velifero quaerentem brachia malo", + "en": "There she sees all astir with the throng of men, and at the same moment the forest felled on every side and the shores ringing with the deft blows of the axe; already Thespian Argus is cleaving pines with the thin saw, and lo! the side is being made and the planks are being softened into pliancy over a slow flame1; the oars are ready, and Pallas is seeking a yard for the sail-bearing mast." + }, + { + "id": 15073, + "la": "constitit ut, longo moles non pervia ponto, puppis et ut tenues subiere latentia cerae lumina, picturae varios superaddit honores", + "en": "When the ship stood firm in its huge bulk, proof against long tracts of sea, and when fine wax had filled the lurking holes, Argus adds paintings of varied grace." + }, + { + "id": 15074, + "la": "hic sperata deo Tyrrheni tergore piscis Peleos in thalamos vehitur Thetis; aequora delphin corripit, ipsa sedet deiecta in lumina palla nec Iove maiorem nasci suspirat Achillen", + "en": "On one side Thetis, whom a god had hoped to win, is being borne upon the back of a Tyrrhene fish to the bridal chamber of Peleus; the dolphin is speeding over the sea; she herself is sitting with her veil drawn down over her eyes, and is sorrowing that Achilles shall not be born greater than Jupiter.2" + }, + { + "id": 15075, + "la": "hanc Panope Dotoque soror laetataque fluctu prosequitur nitidis pariter Galatea lacertis, antra petens; Siculo revocat de litore Cyclops", + "en": "Panope and her sister Doto and Galatea with bare shoulders, revelling in the waves, escort her toward the caverns; Cyclops from the Sicilian shore calls Galatea back." + }, + { + "id": 15076, + "la": "contra ignis viridique torus de fronde dapesque vinaque et aequoreos inter cum coniuge divos Aeacides, pulsatque chelyn post pocula Chiron", + "en": "Opposite to this is a fire and a bed of green leaves, a banquet and wines, and in the midst of the sea-gods the son of Aeacus with his wife; they have drunk, and now Chiron is touching the lyre." + }, + { + "id": 15077, + "la": "parte alia Pholoe multoque insanus Iaccho Rhoetus et Atracia subitae de virgine pugnae", + "en": "On the other side is Pholoe and Rhoetus mad with much wine, and the strife that broke out over the Atracian maid." + }, + { + "id": 15078, + "la": "crateres mensaeque volant araeque deorum poculaque, insignis veterum labor", + "en": "Bowls and tables are flying, altars of the gods and cups, the marvellous work of ancient craftsmen." + }, + { + "id": 15079, + "la": "optimus hasta hic Peleus, hic ense furens agnoscitur Aeson", + "en": "Here may one recognise Peleus, lord of the spear, and here Aeson raging with his sword." + }, + { + "id": 15080, + "la": "fert gravis invito victorem Nestora tergo Monychus, ardenti peragit Clanis Actora quercu, nigro Nessus equo fugit, adclinisque tapetis in mediis vacuo condit caput Hippasus auro", + "en": "Monychus is toiling beneath the weight of his conqueror Nestor, mounted on his unwilling back; Clanis is dealing death to Actor with a blazing oak tree; Nessus the black centaur is fleeing, and in the midst of all Hippasus leaning against the coverlets is burying his head in an empty golden goblet." + }, + { + "id": 15081, + "la": "Nec quamquam miranda viris stupet Aesone natus et secum: heu miseros nostrum natosque patresque! hacine nos animae faciles rate nubila contra mittimur; in solum num saeviet Aesona pontus? non iuvenem in casus eademque pericula Acastum abripiam? invisae Pelias freta tuta carinae optet et exoret nostris cum matribus undas.", + "en": "But though the men gaze in wonder at these sights the son of Aeson marvels not, and thus he reasons with himself: Alas! for those of us who have fathers or sons alive! Is this the ship in which we thoughtless souls are sent forth in the face of a clouded sky? shall the ocean spend its wrath on Aeson alone? shall I not snatch away the young Acastus to undergo the same fortunes and the same perils? Then let Pelias desire a safe voyage for the hated ship, and join with our mothers to appease the waves by prayer!" + }, + { + "id": 15082, + "la": "Talia conanti laevum Iovis armiger aethra advenit et validis fixam erigit unguibus agnam", + "en": "This is he fain to attempt, when on the left the thunder-bearer of Jove draws near from on high and bears aloft a lamb caught in his strong talons." + }, + { + "id": 15083, + "la": "at procul e stabulis trepidi clamore sequuntur pastores fremitusque canum; citus occupat auras raptor et Aegaei super effugit alta profundi", + "en": "But from the folds hard by with a shout the fearful shepherds pursue and the barking dogs; too swift the ravisher has mounted into the air, and flies off over the Aegean deep." + }, + { + "id": 15084, + "la": "accipit augurium Aesonides laetusque superbi tecta petit Peliae", + "en": "Jason hails the omen, and joyfully sets out to the halls of haughty Pelias." + }, + { + "id": 15085, + "la": "prior huic tum regia proles advolat amplexus fraternaque pectora iungens", + "en": "Then first the kings son comes running toward him, and casts his arms about him in cousinly embrace." + }, + { + "id": 15086, + "la": "ductor ait: non degeneres, ut reris, Acaste, venimus ad questus: socium te iungere coeptis est animus; neque enim Telamon aut Canthus et Idas Tyndareusque puer mihi vellere dignior Helles", + "en": "Nay, Acastus, says the leader, I am not come, as thou deemest, to utter ignoble plaints; I am minded to make thee partner of our enterprise; for I hold not Telamon nor Canthus nor Idas nor Tyndareus son more worthy than thou art to seek the fleece of Helle." + }, + { + "id": 15087, + "la": "o quantum terrae, quantum cognoscere caeli permissum est! pelagus quantos aperimus in usus! nunc forsan grave reris opus; sed laeta recurret cum ratis et caram cum iam mihi reddet Iolcon, quis pudor heu nostros tibi tunc audire labores! quam referam visas tua per suspiria gentes! Nec passus rex plura virum sat multa parato in quaecumque vocas; nec nos, ait, optume, segnes credideris patriisve magis confidere regnis quam tibi, si primos duce te virtutis honores carpeve, fraternae si des adcrescere famae", + "en": "Lo! what mighty tracts of land, what vast expanse of sky it is granted us to know! To what great ends are we opening the paths of the sea! At this time perchance thou thinkest the labour too heavy: yet when the vessel shall speed joyfully home, and give me back my loved Iolcos, ah! how shalt thou be ashamed then to hear of all our toils, how shalt thou sigh as I tell of all the nations we have seen! The prince suffered him not to say more; Enough, enough! I am ready for anything to which thou callest. And think not, friend, he says, that I am a laggard, or that I trust more in the kingdom of my fathers than in thee, so but thou grant me to win beneath thy guidance the first rewards of my prowess, and to grow to the measure of a cousins fame." + }, + { + "id": 15088, + "la": "quin ego, nequa metu nimio me cura parentis impediat, fallam ignarum subitusque paratis tunc adero, primas linquet cum puppis harenas.", + "en": "Nay, I myself, lest a fathers too timorous care hinder me, will escape from him unawares, and of a sudden will be with you when you are ready, what time the vessel puts off from the strand." + }, + { + "id": 15089, + "la": "dixerat; ille animos promissaque talia laetus accipit et gressus rapidos ad litora vertit", + "en": "He ceased; the other joys to see such courage and to hear this promise, and turns his eager footsteps to the shore." + }, + { + "id": 15090, + "la": "At ducis imperiis Minyae monituque frequentes puppem umeris subeunt et tento poplite proni decurrunt intrantque fretum", + "en": "Meanwhile the thronging Minyae, admonished by the command of their leader, put their shoulders to the vessel, and bending forwards with straining knees run down into the water." + }, + { + "id": 15091, + "la": "non clamor anhelis nauticus aut blandus testudine defuit Orpheus", + "en": "Then rose the sailors cry as they panted, and the sound of Orpheus soothing lyre." + }, + { + "id": 15092, + "la": "tum laeti statuunt aras; tibi, rector aquarum, summus honor, tibi caeruleis in litore vittis et Zephyris Glaucoque bovem Thetidique iuvencam deicit Ancaeus", + "en": "Next in joy they pile altars; chiefly unto thee, lord of the waters, is reverence paid, unto thee, unto the West Winds and unto Glaucus upon the shore Ancaeus sacrifices an ox decked with dark blue fillets, unto Thetis a heifer." + }, + { + "id": 15093, + "la": "non illo certior alter pinguia letifera perfringere colla bipenni", + "en": "None more sure than he at cleaving the fat necks with the deadly axe." + }, + { + "id": 15094, + "la": "ipse ter aequoreo libans carchesia patri sic ait Aesonides: o qui spumantia nutu regna quatis terrasque salo complecteris omnes, da veniam", + "en": "Jason himself thrice pours a libation to the father of the sea from a goblet, and says: O thou who with thy nod dost make to tremble the realms of foam, and dost engirdle all lands with the brine, grant me thy favour." + }, + { + "id": 15095, + "la": "scio me cunctis e gentibus unum inlicitas temptare vias hiememque mereri: sed non sponte feror, nec nunc mihi iungere montes mens tamen aut summo deposcere fulmen Olympo", + "en": "Yea, I know that I alone of all mankind am venturing on unlawful paths and do deserve tempests; yet it is not of my own accord that I go, nor after all is it my will to pile mountain on mountain, or to call down lightning from Olympus summit." + }, + { + "id": 15096, + "la": "ne Peliae te vota trahant: ille aspera iussa repperit et Colchos in me luctumque meorum", + "en": "O be not swayed by Pelias vows; he hath devised these cruel commands, this voyage to Colchis, to bring sorrow on me and on my kin." + }, + { + "id": 15097, + "la": "ille mihi'' tantum non indignantibus undis hoc caput accipias et pressam regibus alnum.", + "en": "To me hath he'only with unresentful waters do thou receive this my life and the vessel with its freight of kings." + }, + { + "id": 15098, + "la": "sic fatus pingui cumulat libamine flammam", + "en": "Thus he spake, and poured the rich offering plenteously on the fire." + }, + { + "id": 15099, + "la": "Protulit ut crinem densis luctatus in extis ignis et escendit salientia viscera tauri, ecce sacer totusque dei per litora Mopsus, immanis visu, vittamque comamque per auras surgentem laurusque rotat", + "en": "As soon as the flame, struggling among the heap of entrails, sent forth a tongue of fire and climbed the throbbing flesh of the bull, lo! along the shore the holy Mopsus possessed of the god, wondrous to view, shook the fillets and his hair, tossing in the wind, and the laurel garland." + }, + { + "id": 15100, + "la": "vox reddita tandem, vox horrenda viris; tum facta silentia vati", + "en": "At length speech issued, speech whereat men shuddered; then was silence ordered for the seer." + }, + { + "id": 15101, + "la": "heu quaenam aspicio! nostris modo concitus ausis aequoreos vocat ecce deos Neptunus et ingens concilium", + "en": "Alas! what is this sight I see! Lo! Neptune, freshly roused by our daring, is summoning the gods of ocean, a vast assemblage." + }, + { + "id": 15102, + "la": "fremere et legem defendere cuncti hortantur", + "en": "They cry aloud, and all exhort him to defend the law." + }, + { + "id": 15103, + "la": "sic amplexu, sic pectora fratris, Iuno, tene; tuque o puppem ne desere, Pallas: nunc, patrui nunc flecte minas", + "en": "So, even so, Juno, clasp thy brother,1 yea, clasp him to thy heart; and do thou, Pallas, not fail thy ship; oh now, even now turn aside thine uncles threats." + }, + { + "id": 15104, + "la": "cessere ratemque accepere mari", + "en": "They have yielded, they have received the vessel on the sea." + }, + { + "id": 15105, + "la": "per quot discrimina rerum expedior! subita cur pulcher harundine crines velat Hylas? unde urna umeris niveosque per artus caeruleae vestes?", + "en": "I find my way now through many a change of fortune! Ah! wherefore does fair Hylas of a sudden veil his locks with rushes? Whence the pitcher upon his shoulders that blue raiment upon his snowy limbs?" + }, + { + "id": 15106, + "la": "unde haec tibi vulnera, Pollux? quantus io tumidis taurorum e naribus ignis! tollunt se galeae sulcisque ex omnibus hastae et iam iamque umeri", + "en": "Thou, Pollux, whence hast thou these wounds? Ah! mark the fierce flames from the heaving nostrils of the bulls! Helms are springing forth and spears from every furrow, and lo! at every moment shoulders!" + }, + { + "id": 15107, + "la": "quem circum vellera Martem aspicio? quaenam aligeris secat anguibus auras caede madens? quos ense ferit? miser eripe parvos Aesonide", + "en": "What strife is this I see around the fleece? What woman is this, drenched with slaughter, that cleaves the air upon winged serpents? Whom doth she strike with the sword? Unhappy Jason, snatch the little ones away!" + }, + { + "id": 15108, + "la": "cerno en thalamos ardere iugales.", + "en": "Yonder I discern the bridal chambers all ablaze!" + }, + { + "id": 15109, + "la": "Iamdudum hac Minyas vates ambage ducemque terrificat; sed enim contra Phoebeius Idmon, non pallore virens, non ullo horrore comarum terribilis, plenus fatis Phoeboque quieto, (cui genitor tribuit monitu praenoscere divum omina, seu flammas seu lubrica comminus exta seu plenum certis interroget aethera pinnis) sic sociis Mopsoque canit: quantum augur Apollo flammaque prima docet, praeduri plena laboris cerno equidem, patiens sed quae ratis omnia vincet.", + "en": "Long enough hath the seer been daunting the Minyae and their leader with this dark utterance. But then in answer Idmon, Phoebus son, not pale with sickly fear, nor awful to look upon with upstanding hair, but instinct with destiny and the calm influence of Apollo (to him the Father gave by his ordinance the foreknowledge of omens divine, whether he inquired of flames or close-viewed entrails smooth, or of the air thick with fowls that cannot lie), prophesied thus to his comrades and to Mopsus: As surely as the seer Apollo and that first tongue of flame teach me, so do I behold all our course full of toil and grievous to be borne; yet shall the ship with long suffering overcome all things." + }, + { + "id": 15110, + "la": "ingentes durate animae dulcesque parentum tendite ad amplexus", + "en": "Great hearts, be strong, and struggle forward to the sweet embraces of father and mother." + }, + { + "id": 15111, + "la": "lacrimae cecidere canenti, quod sibi iam clusos invenit in ignibus Argos", + "en": "The tears fell as he spoke, for already he divined by the flames that for him Argos was closed for evermore." + }, + { + "id": 15112, + "la": "Vix ea fatus erat, iungit cum talia ductor Aesonius: superum quando consulta videtis, o socii, tantisque datur spes maxima coeptis, vos quoque nunc vires animosque adferte paternos", + "en": "Scarce had he uttered these words, when the Aesonian captain spake further: Inasmuch as ye see the decrees of heaven, my comrades, and mighty hopes are vouchsafed to so great an enterprise, do ye also now bring thereto the might and courage of your sires." + }, + { + "id": 15113, + "la": "non mihi Thessalici pietas culpanda tyranni suspective doli: deus haec, deus omine dextro imperat; ipse suo voluit commercia mundo Iuppiter et tantos hominum miscere labores", + "en": "Not mine is it to blame the Thessalian tyrant for the honour he doth his kin, or his suspected wiles; it is god, god that by this fair omen enjoins this on us; Jupiter himself hath willed the fellowship of men throughout his world, and their union in such mighty tasks." + }, + { + "id": 15114, + "la": "ite, viri, mecum dubiisque evincite rebus, quae meminisse iuvet nostrisque nepotibus instent", + "en": "Come then all ye with me, and achieve, though fortune be doubtful, such things as ye may recall with gladness, such things as may urge on our grandsons." + }, + { + "id": 15115, + "la": "hanc vero, socii, venientem in litore laeti dulcibus adloquiis ludoque educite noctem paretur", + "en": "Yet, friends, do ye spend the coming night joyously upon the strand in sweet converse and in merriment. Thus do they." + }, + { + "id": 15116, + "la": "molli iuvenes funduntur in alga conspicuusque toris Tirynthius", + "en": "The young men lay them down upon the soft sea-weed, and the hero of Tiryns conspicuous on his couch." + }, + { + "id": 15117, + "la": "exta ministri rapta simul veribus Cereremque dedere canistris", + "en": "Straightway the servitors take the entrails off the spits, and place the bread in the baskets." + }, + { + "id": 15118, + "la": "Iamque aderat summo decurrens vertice Chiron, clamantemque patri procul ostendebat Achillen", + "en": "And now speeding down from the mountain-tops came Chiron, holding up to view Achilles who called to his sire from afar." + }, + { + "id": 15119, + "la": "ut puer ad notas erectum Pelea voces vidit et ingenti tendentem brachia passu, adsiluit caraque diu cervice pependit", + "en": "As soon as the child saw Peleus start at the well-known voice and stretch out his arms in wide embrace, he sprang forward and hung long on his dear neck." + }, + { + "id": 15120, + "la": "illum nec valido spumantia pocula Baccho sollicitant veteri nec conspicienda metallo signa tenent; stupet in ducibus magnumque sonantes haurit et Herculeo fert comminus ora leoni", + "en": "The foaming goblets of strong wine tempt him not, the chasing of the ancient metal fair to look on holds not his gaze: rather he marvels at the captains, drinking in their loud words, and brings his face close to the lion-skin of Hercules." + }, + { + "id": 15121, + "la": "laetus at impliciti Peleus rapit oscula nati suspiciensque polum placido si currere fluctu Pelea vultis ait ventosque optare ferentes, hoc, superi, servate caput", + "en": "But Peleus in joy clasps his son and kisses him eagerly, and looking up to the heavens he cries: Surely as ye wish that Peleus speed over calm wave and that he desire a following breeze, even so, ye gods, do ye preserve this life." + }, + { + "id": 15122, + "la": "tu cetera, Chiron, da mihi", + "en": "All else do thou, Chiron, vouchsafe." + }, + { + "id": 15123, + "la": "te parvus lituos et bella loquentem miretur; sub te puerilia tela magistro venator ferat et nostram festinet ad hastam.", + "en": "Let my little son marvel to hear thee speak of clarions and of wars; do thou teach him to wield his boyish weapons in the chase, and ere long to grasp my spear." + }, + { + "id": 15124, + "la": "omnibus inde viae calor additus: ire per altum magna mente volunt", + "en": "Then were all filled with passion for the voyage; with courage high they long to pass over the deep." + }, + { + "id": 15125, + "la": "Phrixi promittitur absens vellus et auratis Argo reditura corymbis", + "en": "They vow they will have the distant fleece of Phrixus, and that Argo will return decked in golden ivy-clusters." + }, + { + "id": 15126, + "la": "Sol ruit et totum Minyis laetantibus undae diduxere diem, sparguntur litore curvo lumina nondum ullis terras monstrantia nautis", + "en": "The sun sank and all the daylight drew away across the waters as the Minyae rejoiced. Scattered along the curving shore lights shine, but to no sailors yet do they show the land.1" + }, + { + "id": 15127, + "la": "Thracius hic noctem dulci testudine vates extrahit, ut steterit redimitus tempora vittis Phrixus et iniustas contectus nubibus aras fugerit Inoo linquens Athamanta Learcho; aureus ut iuvenem miserantibus intulit undis vector et adstrictis ut sedit cornibus Helle", + "en": "And now the Thracian bard with the melody of his lyre beguiles the night, singing how Phrixus stood, his temples bound about with fillets, of how he fled from the sinful altar veiled in cloud, and left Athamas to Learchus, Inos son; of how the golden ram bore the lad into the pitying waves, of how Helle sat grasping the horns." + }, + { + "id": 15128, + "la": "septem Aurora vias totidemque peregerat umbras Luna polo dirimique procul non aequore visa coeperat a gemina discedere Sestos Abydo", + "en": "Seven times had Aurora fulfilled her course, and seven nights had the Moon completed in heaven, when Sestos, that from afar the waters seemed not to sunder from Abydos, began to part from its twin city.2" + }, + { + "id": 15129, + "la": "hic soror Aeoliden, aevum mansura per omne, deserit, heu saevae nequiquam erepta novercae! illa quidem fessis longe petit umida palmis vellera, sed bibulas urgenti pondere vestes unda trahit levique manus labuntur ab auro", + "en": "Then the sister whose name shall live for all time forsakes Aeolus son, saved, alas! in vain from her cruel stepmother. Still with weary hands she strains far behind the wet fleece, but the waves draw down her garments heavy now with the drenching water, and her hands slip off the smooth gold." + }, + { + "id": 15130, + "la": "quis tibi, Phrixe, dolor, rapido cum concitus aestu respiceres miserae clamantia virginis ora extremasque manus sparsosque per aequora crines! Iamque mero ludoque modus, positique quietis conticuere toris; solus quibus ordine fusis impatiens somni ductor manet", + "en": "What grief was thine, Phrixus, when rapt on by the whirling tide thou didst look back and see the face of the hapless maid as she called to thee'her hands only'then her hair spread out upon the waters. And now there was an end of drinking and of merriment, and laid upon quiet couches all were still; alone amid the ranks of the sleepers the leader is left and courts not slumber." + }, + { + "id": 15131, + "la": "hunc gravis Aeson et pariter vigil Alcimede spectantque tenentque pleni oculos", + "en": "The aged Aeson and Alcimede, sleepless too, gaze at him with brimming eyes and would hold him back." + }, + { + "id": 15132, + "la": "illis placidi sermonis Iason suggerit adfatus turbataque pectora mulcet", + "en": "Jason ministers to them with gentle speech and soothes their troubled hearts." + }, + { + "id": 15133, + "la": "mox, ubi victa gravi ceciderunt lumina somno, visa coronatae fulgens tutela carinae vocibus his instare duci: Dodonida quercum Chaoniique vides famulam Iovis", + "en": "Soon, when their eyelids had sunk overcome with deep sleep, the shining guardian1 of the wreath-bound vessel seemed to exhort the leader with these words: An oak from Dodona, the servant of Chaonian Jupiter, thou seest here." + }, + { + "id": 15134, + "la": "aequora tecum ingredior, nec fatidicis avellere silvis me nisi promisso potuit Saturnia caelo", + "en": "With thee I launch upon the ocean, and the Saturnian goddess could not have torn me from the prophetic woods had not heaven been promised to me." + }, + { + "id": 15135, + "la": "tempus adest; age rumpe moras! dumque aequore toto currimus, incertus si nubila duxerit aether, iam nunc mitte metus, fidens superisque mihique. dixerat", + "en": "The hour is at hand; up, an end to delay! and even though while we roam over all the ocean the uncertain sky be veiled in cloud, trust even now in heaven and in me, and banish your fears. She ceased." + }, + { + "id": 15136, + "la": "ille pavens, laeto quamquam omine divum, prosiluit stratis", + "en": "He in fear, favourable though the omen from heaven was, sprang from his couch." + }, + { + "id": 15137, + "la": "Minyas simul optulit omnes alma novo crispans pelagus Tithonia Phoebo", + "en": "Straightway Tithonus bounteous wife, ruffling the sea with the new-born sunlight, brought all the Minyae before him." + }, + { + "id": 15138, + "la": "discurrunt transtris: hi celso cornua malo expediunt, alii tonsas in marmore summo praetemptant, prora funem legit Argus ab alta", + "en": "They hasten to and fro on the decks; these make ready the yard on the high mast, others try the oars for the first time on the glassy surface, Argus from the lofty prow draws in the cable." + }, + { + "id": 15139, + "la": "Increscunt matrum gemitus et fortia languent corda patrum; longis flentes amplexibus haerent", + "en": "The wailings of mothers grow louder and the stout hearts of fathers sicken; long they cling weeping in one anothers embrace." + }, + { + "id": 15140, + "la": "vox tamen Alcimedes planctus super eminet omnes: femineis tantum illa furens ululatibus opstat, obruit Idaeam quantum tuba Martia buxum", + "en": "But the voice of Alcimede sounds far above all other lamentations; her ravings overmaster the cries of the women, even as the martial trumpet overwhelms the Idaean pipe." + }, + { + "id": 15141, + "la": "fatur et haec: nate indignos aditure labores, dividimur; nec ad hos animum componere casus ante datum, sed bella tibi terrasque timebam", + "en": "And thus she speaks: My son, thou art going forth to hardships undeserved, and we must part; and yet it has not been given me to subdue my spirit to meet this misfortune, but ever feared I wars and strange lands on thy behalf." + }, + { + "id": 15142, + "la": "vota aliis facienda deis", + "en": "To other gods must I make vows." + }, + { + "id": 15143, + "la": "si fata reducunt te mihi, si trepidis placabile matribus aequor, possum equidem lucemque pati longumque timorem", + "en": "If the fates bring thee back to me, if the sea can be appeased by the prayers of trembling mothers, then can I endure the light of life and the long fear." + }, + { + "id": 15144, + "la": "sin aliud Fortuna parat, miserere parentum, Mors bona, dum metus est nec adhuc dolor", + "en": "But if Fortune have other things in store for thee, then, kind Death, have pity on us parents, while fear alone is ours and anguish is not yet upon us." + }, + { + "id": 15145, + "la": "ei mihi, Colchos unde ego et avecti timuissem vellera Phrixi? quos iam mente dies, quam saeva insomnia curis prospicio! quotiens raucos ad litoris ictus deficiam a! Scythicum metuens pontumque polumque nec de te credam nostris ingrata serenis! da, precor, amplexus haesuraque verba relinque auribus et dulci iam nunc preme lumina dextra.", + "en": "Ah, woe! how could I have feared Colchis and the fleece of the vanished Phrixus? And now what days, what nights of sleepless anxiety I foresee! How oft shall I swoon at sound of the hoarse breakers on the shore, in terror at the Scythian main and the Scythian sky, and as touching thee put no trust in our sunny skies, unthankful for them! Cast thine arms about me, I pray, and leave me with words that shall ever sound in mine ears, and even now close these eyes with thy dear hands." + }, + { + "id": 15146, + "la": "talibus Alcimede maeret; sed fortior Aeson attollens dictis animos: o si mihi sanguis, quantus erat, cum signiferum cratera minantem non leviore Pholum manus haec compescuit auro; primus in aeratis posuissem puppibus arma concussoque ratem gauderem tollere remo", + "en": "Thus did Alcimede grieve; but Aeson stouter of heart raised his spirit with these words: Ah, had I but such strength as of old I had when this hand crushed Pholus, as he threatened me with a figured bowl, crushed him with a golden cup as heavy: I would have been the first to plant my arms upon the brazen stern, and would rejoice to heave the ship onward with quivering oar." + }, + { + "id": 15147, + "la": "sed patriae valuere preces auditaque magnis vota deis", + "en": "But thy fathers prayers have prevailed, and the high gods have heard my vows." + }, + { + "id": 15148, + "la": "video nostro tot in aequore reges teque ducem", + "en": "For I behold a host of kings on this our sea, and thee their captain." + }, + { + "id": 15149, + "la": "tales, tales ego ducere suetus atque sequi", + "en": "Such, such were all those whom I was wont to lead and to follow." + }, + { + "id": 15150, + "la": "nunc ille dies (det Iuppiter oro), ille super, quo te Scythici regisque marisque victorem atque umeros ardentem vellere rapto accipiam cedantque tuae mea facta iuventae. sic ait", + "en": "And now that day alone remains'may Jupiter grant my prayer!'that day when as conqueror of the Scythian king and the Scythian ocean, thy shoulders ablaze with the rescued fleece, I receive thee, and my deeds give way before thy youth. So spake he." + }, + { + "id": 15151, + "la": "ille suo collapsam pectore matrem sustinuit magnaque senem cervice recepit", + "en": "Jason held up his mother, who had sunk upon his breast, and received his aged father upon his broad neck." + }, + { + "id": 15152, + "la": "Et iam finis erat: Zephyrumque ratemque morantes solverat amplexus tristi tuba tertia signo", + "en": "And now there was an end: and the third blast of the trumpet with its mournful signal loosed the embraces that made wind and ship tarry." + }, + { + "id": 15153, + "la": "dant remo sua quisque viri, dant nomina transtris", + "en": "Each man gives his name to his oar and to his bench." + }, + { + "id": 15154, + "la": "hinc laevum Telamon pelagus tenet, altior inde occupat Alcides aliud mare, cetera pubes dividitur: celer Asterion, quem matre cadentem Piresius gemino fovit pater amne Cometes, segnior Apidani vires ubi sentit Enipeus nititur hinc Talaus fratrisque Leodocus urget remo terga sui, quos nobile contulit Argos", + "en": "Here to larboard Telamon has his place, loftier than he Alcides takes his seat to starboard, the rest of the youth go to this side or to that; the nimble Asterion, whom as he slipped from his mothers womb his father, the Piresian Cometes, bathed at the joining of two rivers, where the sluggish Enipeus feels the might of Apidanus . . . On one side Talaus strains, and Leodocus presses his brothers back with his oar; lordly Argos sent the pair to join the host." + }, + { + "id": 15155, + "la": "hinc quoque missus adest quamvis arcentibus Idmon alitibus; sed turpe viro timuisse futura", + "en": "On this side too is Idmon, sent despite warning omens; but it is shameful for a man to dread the future." + }, + { + "id": 15156, + "la": "hic et Naubolides tortas consurgit in undas Iphitus, hic patrium frangit Neptunius aequor qui tenet undisonam Psamathen semperque patentem Taenaron Euphemus, mollique a litore Pellae Deucalion certus iaculis et comminus ense nobilis Amphion, pariter quos edidit Hypso nec potuit similes voluitve ediscere vultus", + "en": "Here too Iphitus, son of Naubolus, rises to strike the curling waves, here Neptunes son cleaves his fathers sea, even Euphemus who dwells in Psamathe, washed with the sounding waters, and ever yawning Taenarus, and from the sandy shores of Pella Deucalion of the unerring javelin, and Amphion renowned in the close fight, whom Hypso at one birth brought forth and could not nor wished to tell their faces apart, so like were they." + }, + { + "id": 15157, + "la": "tum valida Clymenus percusso pectore tonsa frater et Iphiclus puppem trahit, et face saeva in tua mox Danaos acturus saxa, Caphareu, Nauplius, et tortum non a Iove fulmen Oileus qui gemet, Euboicas nato stridente per undas, quique Erymanthei sudantem pondere monstri Amphitryoniaden Tegeaeo limine Cepheus iuvit, et Amphidamas (at frater plenior annis maluit Ancaeo vellus contingere Phrixi)", + "en": "Next Clymenus, striking his breast with the strong oar, and his brother Iphiclus move the vessel, and Nauplius soon with cruel beacon to drive the Greeks upon thy rocks, Caphareus, and Oileus, who will one day lament the bolt that Jupiter hurled not, as his sons body hisses over the Aegean waves;1 Cepheus too who did. aid Amphitryons son, sweating beneath the burden of the beast of Erymanthus on the threshold of Tegea, and Amphidamas (though his brother, fuller of years, chose rather to let the fleece of Phrixus fall to Ancaeus)," + }, + { + "id": 15158, + "la": "tectus et Eurytion servato colla capillo, quem pater Aonias reducem tondebit ad aras", + "en": "and Eurytion, his neck covered with the hair he let grow, until he return and his father crop it at the Aonian altars." + }, + { + "id": 15159, + "la": "te quoque Thessalicae, Nestor, rapit in freta puppis fama, Mycenaeis olim qui candida velis aequora et instantes mirabere mille magistros", + "en": "Thou too, Nestor, art drawn to the waves by the renown of the Thessalian ship, thou who one day shalt marvel to see the ocean plain white with the Mycenaean sails, and a thousand eager captains." + }, + { + "id": 15160, + "la": "hic vates Phoebique fides non vana parentis, Mopsus, puniceo cui circumfusa cothurno palla imos ferit alba pedes vittataque fronte cassis et in summo laurus Peneia cono", + "en": "Here sits Mopsus the prophet, no empty pledge of the fatherhood of Phoebus; his white cloak falling about his scarlet buskins touches the soles of his feet, a helmet bound with a fillet shades his brow, and a laurel spray from Peneus crowns the peak." + }, + { + "id": 15161, + "la": "quin etiam Herculeo consurgit ab ordine Tydeus Nelidesque Periclymenus, quem parva Methone felixque Elis equis et fluctibus obvius Aulon caestibus adversos viderunt frangere vultus", + "en": "On Hercules side too Tydeus rises to his oar, and Periclymenus, son of Neleus, whom small Methone and Elis rich in horses and Aulon exposed to the waves saw break his adversarys face with the gauntlets." + }, + { + "id": 15162, + "la": "tu quoque Phrixeos remo, Poeantie, Colchos bis Lemnon visure petis, nunc cuspide patris inclitus, Herculeas olim moture sagittas", + "en": "Thou also, son of Poeas, twice destined to see Lemnos, art rowing to Phrixean Colchis, famed now for thy fathers spear, but one day shalt thou ply the arrows of Hercules." + }, + { + "id": 15163, + "la": "proximus hinc Butes Actaeis dives ab oris; innumeras nam claudit apes longaque superbus fuscat nube diem, dum plenas nectare cellas pandit et in dulcem reges dimittit Hymetton", + "en": "Next on the same side is Butes, rich from the shores of Attica, for countless are the bees that he shuts in his hives, boasting of their long cloud that darkens the day, while he opens the honey-laden cells and lets the kings go forth to flowery Hymettus." + }, + { + "id": 15164, + "la": "insequeris casusque tuos expressa, Phalere, arma geris; patula nam lapsus ab arbore parvum ter quater ardenti tergo circumvenit anguis: stat procul intendens dubium pater anxius arcum; tum caelata metus alios gerit arma Eribotes", + "en": "Thou followest him, Phalerus, and on thy arms is stamped the picture of thy fortune; a snake is slipping from a spreading tree, and thrice and four times is coiling its fiery back about thy small body; close by thy father stands in dread looking at his uncertain bow; Eribotes also bears arms carved in terrible fashion." + }, + { + "id": 15165, + "la": "nec Peleus fretus soceris et coniuge diva defuit, ac prora splendet tua cuspis ab alta, Aeacide: tantum haec aliis excelsior hastis, quantum Peliacas in vertice vicerat ornos", + "en": "And Peleus was there, trusting in the parents of his bride and in his goddess wife, and from the high prow gleams thy lance, Aeacides, taller far than all other spears, even as on Pelions summit it overtopped the mountain ashes." + }, + { + "id": 15166, + "la": "linquit et Actorides natum Chironis in antro, ut socius caro pariter meditetur Achilli fila lyrae pariterque leves puer incitet hastas, discat eques placidi conscendere terga magistri", + "en": "Also Actors son leaves his child1 in Chirons cave, side by side with his dear Achilles, to study the chords of the harp, and side by side to hurl a boys light javelins, and to learn to mount and ride upon the back of his genial master." + }, + { + "id": 15167, + "la": "et quem fama genus non est decepta Lyaei Phlias immissus patrios de vertice crines", + "en": "And he whom report did not falsely make the son of Lycaeus, Phlias, with locks falling from his head in his fathers manner." + }, + { + "id": 15168, + "la": "nec timet Ancaeum genetrix committere ponto, plena tulit quem rege maris", + "en": "Nor does Ancaeus mother fear to entrust her son to the ocean, whom she bore when pregnant by the king of the sea." + }, + { + "id": 15169, + "la": "securus in aequor haut minus Erginus, proles Neptunia, fertur, qui maris insidias, clarae qui sidera noctis norit et e clausis quem destinet Aeolus antris, non metuat cui regna ratis, cui tradere caelum adsidua Tiphys vultum lassatus ab Arcto", + "en": "So too Erginus, offspring of Neptune, comes down with a light heart to the waters; he can tell the guile of the deep, and the stars of the clear night, and what wind Aeolus is planning to unprison from his caves; him may Tiphys without fear trust to rule the vessel and to watch the heavens, when weary-eyed with ceaseless gazing on the Bear." + }, + { + "id": 15170, + "la": "taurea vulnifico portat caelataque plumbo terga Lacon, saltem in vacuos ut brachia ventos spargat et Oebalium Pagaseia puppis alumnum spectet securo celebrantem litora ludo; oraque Thessalico melior contundere freno vectorem pavidae Castor dum quaereret Helles, passus Amyclaea pinguescere Cyllaron herba", + "en": "The hero2 of Sparta wears thongs of bulls hide studded with wounding lead, that to the empty airs at least he may deal his random blows, and that the Pagasean ship may watch the grandson of Oebalus filling the shore with his harmless sport; and Castor skilled rather at breaking in the mouths of horses with the Thessalian bridle, who, until he should find the beast that bore the trembling Helle, left Cyllarus to fatten upon the grass of Amyclae." + }, + { + "id": 15171, + "la": "illis Taenario pariter tremit ignea fuco purpura, quod gemina mater spectabile tela duxit opus; bis Taygeton silvasque comantes struxerat, Eurotan molli bis fuderat auro; quemque suus sonipes niveo de stamine portat et volat amborum patrius de pectore cycnus", + "en": "On both alike there gleams a purple cloak bright with Taenarian dye, fair work that their mother wove on twin looms; twice had she broidered massive Taygetus and its leafy woods, twice in pliant gold the streaming Eurotas; each is borne upon his own horse, worked in snow-white thread, and on the breast of each their swan-father is flying." + }, + { + "id": 15172, + "la": "", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 15173, + "la": "at tibi collectas solvit iam fibula vestes ostenditque umeros fortes spatiumque superbi pectoris Herculeis aequum, Meleagre, lacertis", + "en": "But thou, Meleager, see, the clasp is loosening thy gathered raiment, and lays bare thy strong shoulders and thy broad breast that proudly vies with Hercules in strength of muscle." + }, + { + "id": 15174, + "la": "hinc numerosa phalanx, proles Cyllenia: certus Aethalides subitas nervo redeunte sagittas cogere; tu medios gladio bonus ire per hostes, Euryte; nec patrio Minyis ignobilis usu, nuntia verba ducis populis qui reddit, Echion", + "en": "Here in serried throng are the Cyllenian brethren: Aethalides so sure at sending the arrows with the rebounding string: thou, Eurytus, skilled at clearing a way with thy sword through the midst of the enemy: and Echion, of no mean esteem among the Minyae for his fathers calling, who brings the peoples the messages of his captain." + }, + { + "id": 15175, + "la": "sed non, Iphi, tuis Argo reditura lacertis heu cinerem Scythica te maesta relinquet harena, cessantemque tuo lugebit in ordine remum", + "en": "But thee, Iphis, Argo, that shall never return aided by thy arms, shall leave alas! but ashes on the Scythian strand, and shall mourn for the oar resting idle in thy row." + }, + { + "id": 15176, + "la": "te quoque dant campi tanto pastore Pheraei felices, Admete; tuis nam pendit in arvis Delius, ingrato Steropen quod fuderat arcu", + "en": "The plains of Pherae send thee too, Admetus, blest in so glorious a shepherd, for it is in thy fields that the god of Delos pays for having struck down Steropes with his thankless bow." + }, + { + "id": 15177, + "la": "a quotiens famulo notis soror obvia silvis flevit, ubi Ossaeae captaret frigora quercus perderet et pingui miseros Boebeide crines", + "en": "Ah! how often his sister, meeting him as a servant in her familiar woods, did weep, whenever he wooed the coolness of the oaks of Ossa or marred his sorry locks in the thick waters of Boebeis." + }, + { + "id": 15178, + "la": "insurgit transtris et remo Nerea versat Canthus, in Aeaeo volvet quem barbara cuspis pulvere; at interea clari decus adiacet orbis, quem genitor gestabat Abas; secat aurea fluctu tegmina Chalcidicas fugiens Euripus harenas, celsaque semiferum contorquens frena luporum surgis ab ostrifero medius, Neptune, Geraesto", + "en": "Canthus rises up over the thwarts and churns the waters with his oar; him will the alien spear send rolling in the dust of Aeaea; but meantime the glory of a bright-orbed shield is at his side, borne once by his father Abas; Euripus with its waves divides the golden covering, and flees from the sands of Chalcis, and thou, Neptune, shaking the high bridles of thy wolves,2 half beast, half fish, in the midst art rising up from oyster-bearing Geraestus." + }, + { + "id": 15179, + "la": "nec tibi Palladia pinu, Polypheme, revecto ante urbem ardentes restat deprendere patris relliquias, multum famulis pia iusta moratis, si venias", + "en": "Nor does it await thee, Polyphemus, to return in the ship of Pallas and find the last remains of thy father burning before the city, though his servants had long delayed the due rites, if only thou wouldest come." + }, + { + "id": 15180, + "la": "breviore ferit iam caerula remo occupat et longe sua transtra novissimus Idas", + "en": "With shorter oar now Idas strikes the blue waters and has his seat far away, last in his row." + }, + { + "id": 15181, + "la": "at frater magnos Lynceus servatur in usus, quem tulit Arene, possit qui rumpere terras et Styga transmisso tacitam deprendere visu; fluctibus e mediis terras dabit ille magistro et dabit astra rati, cumque aethera Iuppiter umbra condiderit, solus transibit nubila Lynceus", + "en": "But his brother Lynceus is being kept for high ends, he whom Arene bore, one that can pierce the earth and with penetrating gaze discover the secrets of Styx; from mid-ocean he will point the helmsman to the land, will point out the stars to the ship, and when Jupiter has veiled the clear heaven in shadow Lynceus alone will pierce the clouds." + }, + { + "id": 15182, + "la": "quin et Cecropiae proles vacat Orithyiae, temperet ut tremulos Zetes fraterque ceruchos", + "en": "Furthermore, the offspring of Cecropian Orithyia, Zetes and his brother, are free that they may trim the quivering braces." + }, + { + "id": 15183, + "la": "nec vero Odrysius transtris impenditur Orpheus aut pontum remo subigit, sed carmine tonsas ire docet, summo passim ne gurgite pugnent", + "en": "Nor yet does Odrysian Orpheus spend himself upon the thwarts or plough the sea with an oar, but with his song he teaches the oars to swing, that they clash not everywhere upon the surface of the tide." + }, + { + "id": 15184, + "la": "donat et Iphiclo pelagus iuvenumque labores Aesonides, fessum Phylace quem miserat aevo, non iam operum in partem, monitus sed tradat ut acres magnorumque viros qui laudibus urat avorum", + "en": "To Iphiclus too Aesons son remits the young mens toils upon the sea: Phylace had sent him forth wearied with years, no longer to share in the tasks, but that he may give the men shrewd counsels, and may fire them with the praise of their mighty forefathers." + }, + { + "id": 15185, + "la": "Arge, tuae tibi cura ratis, te moenia doctum Thespia Palladio dant munere; sors tibi, nequa parte trahat tacitum puppis mare fissaque fluctu vel pice vel molli conducere vulnera cera", + "en": "To thee, Argus, falls the care of thine own vessel, thou with the skill that Pallas hath bestowed on thee art the gift of Thespiaes city; it is thy lot to see that the ship on no side let in the stealthy water, and to seal the wounds cleft by the waves with pitch or pliant wax." + }, + { + "id": 15186, + "la": "pervigil Arcadio Tiphys pendebat ab astro Hagniades, felix stellis qui segnibus usum et dedit aequoreos caelo duce tendere cursus", + "en": "The watchful Tiphys, Hagnius son, hung his gaze upon the Arcadian constellation,1 favoured mortal, that found use for the laggard stars, and giving men power to steer their path across the sea with heaven as their guide." + }, + { + "id": 15187, + "la": "Ecce per obliqui rapidum compendia montis ductor ovans laetusque dolis agnoscit Acastum horrentem in iaculis et parmae luce coruscum", + "en": "Lo! hurrying by short paths down the mountain slope the exultant leader, rejoicing at his cunning, recognises Acastus, bristling with javelins and aglow with glittering shield." + }, + { + "id": 15188, + "la": "ille ubi se mediae per scuta virosque carinae intulit, ardenti Aesonides retinacula ferro abscidit; haut aliter saltus vastataque pernix venator quam lustra fugit dominoque timentem urget equum, teneras complexus pectore tigres, quas astu rapuit pavido, dum saeva relictis mater in averso catulis venatur Amano", + "en": "Soon as he leapt into the midst of the ship through the shields and the men, Jason with flashing steel cut the cables; even as the huntsman flies from the forest and from the despoiled lair, urging forward the horse that fears for its master, and clasping the tiger cubs to his breast; deftly but trembling has he seized them, while the fierce mother is far from her young, hunting upon the other side of Amanus." + }, + { + "id": 15189, + "la": "it pariter propulsa ratis, stant litore matres claraque vela oculis percussaque sole secuntur scuta virum, donec iam celsior arbore pontus immensusque ratem spectantibus abstulit aer", + "en": "The ship moves forward to the measured strokes of the oars; the mothers stand upon the shore, and with their gaze follow the bright sails and the shields of the heroes flashing in the sunlight, until at length the ocean overtops the mast and immeasurable space takes the vessel out of their sight." + }, + { + "id": 15190, + "la": "Siderea tunc arce pater pulcherrima Graium coepta tuens tantamque operis consurgere molem laetatur; patrii neque enim probat otia regni", + "en": "Then the Father from his starry citadel beholding these glorious deeds of the Greeks and how the mighty work went forward, is glad; for he cares not for the ease of his sires rule." + }, + { + "id": 15191, + "la": "una omnes gaudent superi venturaque mundo tempora aquaeque vias cernunt sibi crescere Parcae", + "en": "With him all the gods rejoice, and the Fates mark how the coming age and the paths over the waters increase for their own gain." + }, + { + "id": 15192, + "la": "sed non et Scythici genitor discrimine nati intrepidus tales fundit Sol pectore voces: summe sator, cui nostra dies volventibus annis tot peragit reficitque vices, tuane ista voluntas? Graiaque nunc undis duce te nutuque secundo it ratis? an meritos fas et mihi rumpere questus? hoc metuens et nequa foret manus invida nato, non mediae telluris opes, non improba legi divitis arva plagae (teneant uberrima Teucer et Libys et vestri Pelopis domus): horrida saevo quae premis arva gelu strictosque insedimus amnes", + "en": "But not like them untroubled by the peril of his Scythian child the Sun-god pours forth these words from his breast: Supreme Creator, for whom as the years go round our light completes and renews its manifold changes, are these things thy will? Is it beneath thy guidance and with thy favouring consent that the Grecian vessel now sails the sea? May I too break forth into complaints?'they are but just! Through fear of this and that none might move an envious hand against my son, I chose not the wealth of some middle land2 or the teeming fields of a rich country'let Teucer and the Libyan and the stock of thine own Pelops hold the most fruitful spots3'nay, in chill fields oppressed by thy fierce cold and by icebound rivers did we settle." + }, + { + "id": 15193, + "la": "cederet his etiam et sese sine honore referret ulterius, sed nube rigens ac nescia veris stat super et nostros iam zona reverberat ignes", + "en": "Even from these would my son withdraw and retreat without recompense still further did not a region dense with clouds, a stranger to spring, lie beyond and beat back our rays." + }, + { + "id": 15194, + "la": "quid regio immanis, quid barbarus amnibus ullis Phasis et aversis proles mea gentibus obstat? quid Minyae meruere queri? num vellere Graio vi potitur? profugo quin agmina iungere Phrixo abnuit Inoas ultor nec venit ad aras, imperii sed parte virum nataeque moratus coniugio videt e Graia nunc stirpe nepotes et generos vocat et iunctas sibi sanguine terras", + "en": "How can that terrible land, how can savage Phasis be an offence to other rivers, or my offspring to nations so remote? What reason have the Minyae for complaint? What, is the Grecian fleece a possession won by force? Nay, but my son would not consent to join forces with the exiled Phrixus and came not as an avenger to the Inoan altars, but did persuade him to tarry with a portion of his kingdom and his daughters hand, and now sees before him grandchildren of a Grecian stock, and calls for sons-in-law upon the lands united to himself in blood." + }, + { + "id": 15195, + "la": "flecte ratem motusque, pater, nec vulnere nostro aequora pande viris: veteris sat conscia luctus silva Padi et viso flentes genitore sorores.", + "en": "Turn the vessels course, sire, and open not the sea for them to my hurt; the wood of Padus knows enough of my ancient sorrows, and the sisters who weep as they look upon their father." + }, + { + "id": 15196, + "la": "adfremit his quassatque caput qui vellera dono bellipotens sibi fixa videt temptataque; contra Pallas et amborum gemuit Saturnia questus", + "en": "The Lord of War gave loud assent and shook his head, for he saw the fleece assailed that hung as a trophy in his honour; on the other side Pallas and Juno girded at the complaint of the two gods." + }, + { + "id": 15197, + "la": "Tum genitor vetera haec nobis et condita pergunt ordine cuncta suo rerumque a principe cursu fixa manent; neque enim terris tum sanguis in ullis noster erat, cum fata darem; iustique facultas hinc mihi, cum varios struerem per saecula reges", + "en": "Then spake the Father: All these things have been established by us from of old and now move forward each in its appointed order and remain unalterable from the beginning of things; for there was no stock of ours in any land when I laid down the laws of destiny; wherefore I had the power to deal justly when I was founding a line of kings to last throughout the ages." + }, + { + "id": 15198, + "la": "atque ego curarum repetam decreta mearum", + "en": "So then I will unfold the decrees that I made in my providence." + }, + { + "id": 15199, + "la": "iam pridem regio, quae virginis aequor ad Helles et Tanain tenus immenso descendit ab Euro, undat equis floretque viris, nec tollere contra ulla pares animos nomenque capessere bellis ausa manus; sic fata, locos sic ipse fovebam", + "en": "The region that stretches down from the measureless East to the sea of the virgin Helle as far as the Tanais has long been rich in horses and famed for its men, and none has dared to rise against her in valorous rivalry and to win renown in war: so did I myself cherish the land and its destinies." + }, + { + "id": 15200, + "la": "adcelerat sed summa dies Asiamque labantem linquimus et poscunt iam me sua tempora Grai", + "en": "But now her last day is hastening on and we are leaving Asia tottering to her fall, while the Greeks now claim of me their time of prosperity." + }, + { + "id": 15201, + "la": "inde meae quercus tripodesque animaeque parentum hanc pelago misere manum", + "en": "Therefore have my oak trees, the tripods and the spirits of their ancestors sent forth this band upon the sea." + }, + { + "id": 15202, + "la": "via facta per undas perque hiemes, Bellona, tibi", + "en": "For thee, Bellona, has a path been fashioned through the billows and through storms." + }, + { + "id": 15203, + "la": "nec vellera tantum indignanda manent propiorque ex virgine rapta ille dolor, sed (nulla magis sententia menti fixa meae) veniet Phrygia iam pastor ab Ida, qui gemitus irasque pares et mutua Grais dona ferat", + "en": "Nor is it the fleece alone that is fated to rouse resentment and the still closer pang that comes from a ravished maid, but also'and no resolve is more firmly fixed in my mind'there shall soon come from Phrygian Ida a shepherd who shall bring lamentation and like rage and a rich requital to the Greeks." + }, + { + "id": 15204, + "la": "quae classe dehinc effusa procorum bella! quot ad Troiam flentes hiberna Mycenas! quot proceres natosque deum, quae robora cernes oppetere et magnis Asiam concedere fatis! hinc Danaum de fine sedet gentesque fovebo mox alias", + "en": "Ah, what wars shalt thou see when the suitors pour forth from the fleet! How many times shall Mycenae bewail its wintry bivouacs before Troy! How many a prince, how many sons of gods, how many a mighty man shalt thou see fall, and Asia yield to the high fates! Thereafter am I resolved upon the end of the Danai, and shortly will take other nations into my care." + }, + { + "id": 15205, + "la": "pateant montes silvaeque lacusque cunctaque claustra maris; spes et metus omnibus esto arbiter", + "en": "Let mountains, forests, lakes and all the barriers of ocean open out before them; hope and fear shall decide the day for all alike." + }, + { + "id": 15206, + "la": "ipse locos terrenaque summa movendo experiar, quaenam populis longissima cunctis regna velim linquamque datas ubi certus habenas.", + "en": "I myself by shifting the seat of empire upon earth shall make trial which kingdom I shall elect to let rule longest over all peoples, and in whose hands I can without fear leave the reins of power once bestowed." + }, + { + "id": 15207, + "la": "tunc oculos Aegaea refert ad caerula robur Herculeum Ledaeque tuens genus atque ita fatur:", + "en": "Then he turns his eyes to the blue Aegean sea, gazing upon mighty Hercules and the sons of Leda, and speaks thus:" + }, + { + "id": 15208, + "la": "tendite in astra, viri: me primum regia mundo Iapeti post bella trucis Phlegraeque labores imposuit: durum vobis iter et grave caeli institui", + "en": "Strain forward to the stars, my heroes; it was only after the battle with fierce Iapetus and the toils of Phlegra that Olympus palace set me over the universe; painful and wearisome for you have I made the path to heaven." + }, + { + "id": 15209, + "la": "sic ecce meus, sic orbe peracto Liber et expertus terras remeavit Apollo.", + "en": "Only so did my Bacchus after traversing the world, only so did Apollo after his life upon earth return." + }, + { + "id": 15210, + "la": "dixit et ingenti flammantem nubila sulco derexit per inane facem, quae puppe propinqua in bifidum discessit iter fratresque petivit Tyndareos, placida et mediis in frontibus haesit protinus amborum lumenque innoxia fundit purpureum, miseris olim implorabile nautis", + "en": "So he spoke, and through the void aimed a shaft that burned a long furrow in the clouds; and as it neared the ship it broke in twain and sought the two sons of Tyndareus, and forthwith settled with tranquil flame on the midst of their brows and harmlessly shed abroad its bright radiance, to which hapless mariners one day would cry for help." + }, + { + "id": 15211, + "la": "Interea medio saevus permissa profundo carbasa Pangaea Boreas speculatus ab arce continuo Aeoliam Tyrrhenaque tendit ad antra concitus", + "en": "Meantime fierce Boreas from his eyrie in Pangaeus spied the sails set to the wind in the midst of the deep, and straightway turns his rapid course to Aeolia and the Tyrrhene caves." + }, + { + "id": 15212, + "la": "omne dei rapidis nemus ingemit alis, strata Ceres, motuque niger sub praepete pontus", + "en": "Every forest groans beneath the speeding wings of the god, the crops are laid, and the sea darkens beneath his hurtling flight." + }, + { + "id": 15213, + "la": "aequore Trinacrio refugique a parte Pelori stat rupes horrenda fretis: quot in aethera surgit molibus, infernas totidem demissa sub undas", + "en": "There stands in the Sicilian sea on the side of retreating Pelorum a crag, the terror of the straits; high as are the piles it lifts into the air, even so deep are those that sink below the surface of the waters." + }, + { + "id": 15214, + "la": "nec scopulos aut antra minor iuxta altera tellus cernitur: illam Acamans habitat nudusque Pyragmon, has nimbi ventique domos et naufraga servat tempestas; hinc in terras latumque profundum est iter, hinc olim soliti miscere polumque infelixque fretum (neque enim tunc Aeolus illis rector erat, Libya cum rumperet advena Calpen Oceanus, cum flens Siculos Oenotria fines perderet et mediis intrarent montibus undae),", + "en": "Hard by may one see another land with rocks and caverns no less terrible; in the former dwell Acamas and naked Pyragmon, the latter is the home of squalls and winds and shipwrecking storms; from here they pass to the lands and over the wide ocean, from here in bygone days would they spread turmoil in the heavens and in the disastrous sea'for at that time no Aeolus was their master, when the intruding sea broke Calpe off from Libya, when Oenotria to her sorrow lost the lands of Sicily and the waters burst into the heart of the mountains'" + }, + { + "id": 15215, + "la": "intonuit donec pavidis ex aethere ventis omnipotens regemque dedit, quem iussa vereri saeva cohors: in monte chalybs iterataque muris saxa domant Euros", + "en": "until the All-powerful thundered from the sky upon the trembling blasts and appointed them a king, whom the fierce band were bidden to revere: iron and a twofold wall of rocks quell the East winds within the mountain." + }, + { + "id": 15216, + "la": "cum iam cohibere frementum ora nequit, rex tunc aditus et claustra refringit ipse volens placatque data fera murmura porta", + "en": "When this king can no longer curb their roaring mouths, then of his own will he unbars the doors and by granting egress lulls their savage complaints." + }, + { + "id": 15217, + "la": "nuntius hunc solio Boreas proturbat ab alto", + "en": "Boreas now with these tidings drives him from his lofty throne:" + }, + { + "id": 15218, + "la": "Pangaea quod ab arce nefas ait, Aeole, vidi! Graia novam ferro molem commenta iuventus pergit et ingenti gaudens domat aequora velo, nec mihi libertas imis freta tollere harenis, qualis eram nondum vinclis et carcere clausus hinc animi structaeque viris fiducia puppis, quod Borean sub rege vident", + "en": "Ah! what monstrous deed, Aeolus, have I spied from the heights of Pangaeus! Grecian heroes have devised a strange engine with the axe, and now go forward triumphing joyously over the seas with a huge sail, nor have I power of myself to stir up the sea from its sandy depths, as I had or ever I was fettered and imprisoned. This it is that gives them courage and confidence in the vessel they have built, that they see Boreas ruled by a king." + }, + { + "id": 15219, + "la": "da mergere Graios insanamque ratem: nil me mea pignora tangunt tantum hominum compesce minas, dum litora iuxta Thessala necdum aliae viderunt carbasa terrae.", + "en": "Grant me to overwhelm the Greeks with their mad bark: the thought of my children1 moves me not, only do thou quench these threats of mortal man, while still the shores of Thessaly and as yet no other lands have seen their sails." + }, + { + "id": 15220, + "la": "Dixerat at cuncti fremere intus et aequora venti poscere", + "en": "He ceased speaking: but within all the winds began to roar and clamour for the open sea." + }, + { + "id": 15221, + "la": "tum validam contorto turbine portam impulit Hippotades", + "en": "Then did Hippotades2 drive against the mighty door with a whirling blast." + }, + { + "id": 15222, + "la": "fundunt se carcere laeti Thraces equi Zephyrusque et nocti concolor alas nimborum cum prole Notus crinemque procellis hispidus et multa flavus caput Eurus harena; induxere hiemem raucoque ad litora tractu unanimi freta curva ferunt nec sola tridentis regna movent; vasto pariter ruit igneus aether cum tonitru piceoque premit nox omnia caelo", + "en": "Joyfully from the prison burst the Thracian horses, the West wind and the South wind of the night-dark pinions with all the sons of the storms, and the East wind, his hair dishevelled with the blasts, and tawny with much sand; they drew the tempest on, and in thunderous advance together drive the curling waves to shore, and stir not the tridents realms alone, for at the same time the fiery sky falls with a mighty peal, and night buries all things beneath a pitchy sky." + }, + { + "id": 15223, + "la": "excussi manibus remi conversaque frontem puppis in obliquum resonos latus accipit ictus, vela super tremulum subitus volitantia malum turbo rapit", + "en": "The oars are dashed from the rowers hands; the ships head is turned aslant, and on her side she receives the sounding shocks; a sudden whirlwind tears away the sails that flap over the tottering mast." + }, + { + "id": 15224, + "la": "qui tum Minyis trepidantibus horror, cum picei fulsere poli pavidamque coruscae ante ratem cecidere faces, antemnaque laevo prona dehiscentem cornu cum sustulit undam! non hiemem missosque putant consurgere ventos ignari, sed tale fretum", + "en": "What dread came then upon the trembling Minyae, when the darkling heavens shone and flashing lightnings fell ahead of the terror-stricken ship, and the yardarm dipped to larboard and tossed up the water of the gulfy waves upon its point! They think not in their ignorance that storm and wind arose at a gods behest, but that even thus is the sea." + }, + { + "id": 15225, + "la": "tum murmure maesto hoc erat inlicitas temerare rudentibus undas quod nostri timuere patres", + "en": "Then with sorrowful cry: So this was why our fathers feared unlawfully to profane the waters." + }, + { + "id": 15226, + "la": "vix litore puppem solvimus, et quanto fremitu se sustulit Aegon! hocine Cyaneae concurrunt aequore cautes? tristius an miseris superest mare? linquite, terrae, spem pelagi sacrosque iterum seponite fluctus haec iterant segni flentes occumbere leto", + "en": "Scarcely have we weighed anchor when lo! the Aegean rises with fearful tumult. Is this the sea where clash the Cyanean rocks? Or can there be waters yet more perilous awaiting us wretched men? Leave all hope of seafaring, ye dwellers upon land, and once more1 shun the holy waves. Thus did they cry, sorrowing the while that they must die a dullards death." + }, + { + "id": 15227, + "la": "magnanimus spectat pharetras et inutile robur Amphitryoniades; miscent suprema paventes verba alii iunguntque manus atque ora fatigant aspectu in misero toti, cum protinus alnus solvitur et vasto puppis mare sorbet hiatu", + "en": "Amphitryons great-hearted son gazes on his quivers and his oak-club, useless now; the rest in fear join for the last time in converse, clasp hands and weary their lips, sunk in contemplation of the woeful sight, and forthwith the timbers are loosened and the vessel drinks in the sea through a gaping cleft." + }, + { + "id": 15228, + "la": "illam huc atque illuc nunc torquens verberat Eurus; nunc stridens Zephyris aufert Notus; undique fervent aequora, cum subitus trifida Neptunus in hasta caeruleum fundo caput extulit", + "en": "Now the East wind lashes and turns the ship this way and that; now the South wind roaring with the West carries it along: all round the waters boil, when suddenly Neptune armed with his three-pronged spear raised his dark-blue head from the depths." + }, + { + "id": 15229, + "la": "hanc mihi Pallas et soror hanc inquit mulcens mea pectora fletu abstulerint; veniant Phariae Tyriaeque carinae permissumque putent", + "en": "This ship, said he, let Pallas and my sister, softening my heart with their tears, save from me; yea, let the vessels come from Pharos and from Tyre, and think they are but doing what is lawful." + }, + { + "id": 15230, + "la": "quotiens mox rapta videbo vela notis plenasque malis clamoribus undas! non meus Orion aut saevus Pliade Taurus mortis causa novae", + "en": "O many are the sails that I shall see ere long torn away by the South winds, and the waves ringing with cries of affliction! Neither my son Orion nor the Bull fierce with his train of Pleiads1 is the cause of this strange form of death." + }, + { + "id": 15231, + "la": "miseris tu gentibus, Argo, fata paras, nec iam merito tibi, Tiphy, quietum ulla parens volet Elysium manesque piorum.", + "en": "Thou, Argo, thou hast devised death for unhappy nations, and thou, Tiphys, never henceforth dost deserve that any mother pray that thou mayest find peace in Elysium and among the spirits of the holy dead." + }, + { + "id": 15232, + "la": "haec ait et pontum pater ac turbata reponit litora depellitque notos, quos caerulus horror et madido gravis unda sinu longeque secutus imber ad Aeoliae tendunt simul aequora portae", + "en": "So spoke the Father and lulled the sea and the beaten shores, and drove away the South winds, in whose train dark curling waters, surge-laden folds of heavy billows and the rainstorm far behind move on together to the seas of the Aeolian gate.3" + }, + { + "id": 15233, + "la": "emicuit reserata dies caelumque resolvit arcus et in summos redierunt nubila montes", + "en": "The day unprisoned shone forth, a rainbow disclosed the sky, and the clouds rose again to the mountain summits." + }, + { + "id": 15234, + "la": "iam placidis ratis exstat aquis, quam gurgite ab imo et Thetis et magnis Nereus socer erigit ulnis", + "en": "Now the vessel stands high out of calm waters, and Thetis and father-in-law4 Nereus with mighty arms supports it from the bottom of the sea." + }, + { + "id": 15235, + "la": "ergo umeros ductor sacro velatur amictu Aesoniamque capit pateram, quam munere gaudens liquerat hospitio pharetrasque rependerat auro Salmoneus, nondum ille furens cum fingeret alti quadrifida trabe tela Iovis contraque ruenti aut Athon aut Rhodopen maestae nemora ardua Pisae aemulus et miseros ipse ureret Elidis agros", + "en": "Therefore the leader covers his shoulders in a sacred robe and takes a goblet pertaining unto Aeson, which Salmoneus for joy at his presents had left him in friendships name and repaid his arrows and quiver with its gold, not yet the madman he was when he strove to fashion the weapons of high Jupiter from a four-forked beam, and seeking to rival him in his onslaught against Athos or Rhodope himself burnt the tall forests of unhappy Pisa and the hapless fields of Elis." + }, + { + "id": 15236, + "la": "hac pelago libat latices et talibus infit: di, quibus undarum tempestatisque sonorae imperium et magno penitus par regia caelo, tuque, fretum divosque pater sortite biformes, seu casus nox ista fuit seu, volvitur axis ut superum, sic stare loco tollique vicissim pontus habet, seu te subitae nova puppis imago armorumque hominumque truces consurgere in iras impulit, haec luerim satis et tua numina, rector, iam fuerint meliora mihi", + "en": "From this goblet he pours a libation into the sea and begins to speak thus: O ye gods to whom belongs the rule over water and sounding storm, whose palace measures all the depth of the mighty sky, and thou Father, whose lot are the seas and the twy-formed gods, whether that darkness was but chance, or, even as the heavenly vault moves round, the sea also must needs stand calm and then again be upheaved, or the strange and sudden spectacle of a ship and armed warriors drove thee to such savage anger, grant that I may at least have paid ample atonement, and may thy godhead, O Lord, look kindlier on me now." + }, + { + "id": 15237, + "la": "da reddere terris has animas patriaeque amplecti limina portae", + "en": "O let me restore these lives to the land, and let me embrace the portals of my home again." + }, + { + "id": 15238, + "la": "tum quocumque loco meritas tibi plurimus aras pascet honos, ubicumque rotis horrendus equisque stas, pater, atque ingens utrimque fluentia Triton frena tenet, tantus nostras condere per urbes. dixerat haec", + "en": "Then in every place shall many a sacrifice feed thy well-deserving altars, wherever it be that thou, Father, standest terrible to view with thy chariot and horses, while on either side a huge Triton holds the flowing reins'throughout our cities shalt thou be established in all thy majesty. So he spake." + }, + { + "id": 15239, + "la": "oritur clamor dextraeque sequuntur verba ducis", + "en": "Then rose a shout, and all with uplifted hands approved their leaders words." + }, + { + "id": 15240, + "la": "sic cum stabulis et messibus ingens ira deum et Calabri populator Sirius arvi incubuit, coit agrestum manus anxia priscum in nemus et miseris dictat pia vota sacerdos", + "en": "Even so when the heavy anger of the gods and Sirius, ravager of the Calabrian fields, has swooped down upon pen and cornland, a fearful band of countryfolk gathers in an ancient wood, while a priest dictates reverent vows for them in their distress." + }, + { + "id": 15241, + "la": "ecce autem molli zephyros descendere lapsu aspiciunt; volat immissis cava pinus habenis infinditque salum et spumas vomit aere tridenti: Tiphys agit tacitique sedent ad iussa ministri; qualiter ad summi solium Iovis omnia circum prona parata deo, ventique imbresque nivesque fulguraque et tonitrus et adhuc in fontibus amnes", + "en": "But lo! they see the southern breezes come gliding downwards; the hollow vessel flies onward with loosened reins, cleaving the brine and dashing up the foam with its three-forked brazen prow. Tiphys is at the helm, and silently his helpers sit to do his bidding; even as by the throne of highest Jupiter all things are round about him alert and ready for the god, winds, showers, lightning, thunder, and rivers still in their springs." + }, + { + "id": 15242, + "la": "At subitus curaque ducem metus acrior omni mensque mali praesaga quatit, quod regis adortus progeniem raptoque dolis crudelis Acasto cetera nuda neci medioque in crimine patrem liquerit ac nullis inopem vallaverit armis, ipse procul nunc tuta tenens; ruat omnis in illos quippe furor", + "en": "But, on a sudden, fear keener than any anxiety and bodings of misfortune rack the leader, in that he had assailed the kings son and having cruelly seized Acastus by treachery had left the remainder of his kin exposed to death and his father in the toils of crime, and had not fenced about his unguarded life with arms, while he himself now far away has won safety; for upon them will all the kings wrath burst." + }, + { + "id": 15243, + "la": "nec vana pavet trepidatque futura", + "en": "Nor are these fears idle, but he has misgivings for things that will come to pass." + }, + { + "id": 15244, + "la": "Saevit atrox Pelias inimicaque vertice ab alto vela videt nec qua se ardens effundere possit", + "en": "Savage Pelias rages as from a high peak he beholds the sails of his enemy, and knows not how his anger can find vent." + }, + { + "id": 15245, + "la": "nil animi, nil regna iuvant; fremit obice ponti clausa cohors telisque salum facibusque coruscat", + "en": "Nor courage, nor empire avail; hemmed in by the barrier of the sea his soldiery chafe, and the brine sparkles with their weapons and torches." + }, + { + "id": 15246, + "la": "haut secus, aerisona volucer cum Daedalus Ida prosiluit iuxtaque comes brevioribus alis, nube nova linquente domos, Minoia frustra infremuit manus et visu lassatur inani omnis eques plenisque redit Gortyna pharetris", + "en": "Even so when winged Daedalus2 soared away from Ida that rang with the clash of bronze, his comrade with shorter pinions at his side, even so did Minos warriors in vain utter a cry of rage as the strange cloud rose from the homes of man, and every horseman wearied his eyes in aimless gazing, and returned to Gortyn with quivers unemptied." + }, + { + "id": 15247, + "la": "quin etiam in thalamis primoque in limine Acasti fusus humo iuvenis gressus et inania signa ore premit sparsisque legens vestigia canis te quoque iam maesti forsan genitoris imago, nate, ait et luctus subeunt suspiria nostri, iamque dolos circumque trucis discrimina leti mille vides", + "en": "Moreover, Pelias lying stretched upon the ground in the threshold of Acastus chamber presses with his lips the places where the lad has trod and the empty traces of him, and with his white locks dishevelled goes over every step: It may be that there rise before thee too, he cries, the vision of thy mourning father and the sigh of my grief; and now thou seest all around thee treachery and a thousand risks of a cruel death." + }, + { + "id": 15248, + "la": "qua te, infelix, quibus insequar oris? non Scythicas ferus ille domos nec ad ostia Ponti tendit iter, falsae sed captum laudis amore te, puer, in nostrae durus tormenta senectae nunc lacerat", + "en": "Where, unhappy child, to what shores can I follow thee? It is not towards the homes of Scythia or the mouth of Pontus that the cruel man directs his voyage; but thee, my boy, ensnared by the love of empty renown, the hard-hearted wretch even now torments to bring anguish on my old age." + }, + { + "id": 15249, + "la": "celsis an si freta puppibus essent pervia, non ultro iuvenes classemque dedissem?", + "en": "What! had the straits been navigable by the high ships, would I not of my own accord have given him men and vessels?" + }, + { + "id": 15250, + "la": "o domus, o freti nequiquam prole penates! dixit et extemplo furiis iraque minaci terribilis sunt hic etiam tua vulnera, praedo, sunt lacrimae carusque parens.", + "en": "O my house, O spirits of mine ancestors that trusted to no purpose in your offspring! He spoke, and straightway frenzy and threatening rage made him fearful to look upon: Here too, thou robber, are the means to wound thee, and here what shall move thy tears'thy loved father." + }, + { + "id": 15251, + "la": "simul aedibus altis itque reditque fremens rerumque asperrima versat", + "en": "At the same time he walks to and fro in the lofty palace, muttering to himself, and turning over plots most cruel:" + }, + { + "id": 15252, + "la": "Bistonas ad meritos cum cornua saeva Thyoneus torsit et infelix iam mille furoribus Haemus, iam Rhodopes nemora alta gemunt, talem incita longis porticibus coniunxque fugit natique Lycurgum", + "en": "even such, when Thyoneus has turned his savage horns against the guilty Thracians, and now the mountains of unhappy Haemus filled with madness a thousandfold, now the tall forests of Rhodope groan'such was Lycurgus1 before whom wife and sons in flight speed down the long colonnades." + }, + { + "id": 15253, + "la": "Tartareo tum sacra Iovi Stygiisque ferebat manibus Alcimede tanto super anxia nato, siquid ab excitis melius praenosceret umbris", + "en": "Just then unto the lord of Tartarus and unto the Stygian ghosts was Alcimede bringing holy offerings in fear for her mighty son, if shades summoned forth might give her surer knowledge." + }, + { + "id": 15254, + "la": "ipsum etiam curisque parem talesque prementem corde metus ducit, facilem tamen, Aesona coniunx", + "en": "Even Aeson himself, who shares her anxiety but who hides such unmanly fears in his heart, yields and is led by his wife." + }, + { + "id": 15255, + "la": "in scrobibus cruor et largus Phlegethontis operti stagnat honos, saevoque vocat grandaeva tumultu Thessalis exanimes atavos magnaeque nepotem Pleiones", + "en": "In a trench stands blood and a plenteous offering to hidden Phlegethon, and with fierce cries an aged witch calls upon her departed ancestors and the grandson of great Pleione." + }, + { + "id": 15256, + "la": "et iam tenues ad carmina vultus extulerat maestosque tuens natumque nurumque talia libato pandebat sanguine Cretheus: mitte metus, volat ille mari quantumque propinquat, iam magis atque magis variis stupet Aea deorum prodigiis quatiuntque truces oracula Colchos", + "en": "And now at the sound of the spell rose a face, unsubstantial, and Cretheus gazed upon his mournful son and daughter-in-law, and when he had sipped the blood he began to utter these words: Banish all fear! he is flying over the ocean, and as he draws ever nearer more and more does Aea marvel at the manifold miracles of heaven, and fierce Colchis is shaken by the prophecies." + }, + { + "id": 15257, + "la": "heu quibus ingreditur fatis! qui gentibus horror pergit!", + "en": "Alas! to what destinies doth he move forward! His coming is the terror of nations!" + }, + { + "id": 15258, + "la": "mox Scythiae spoliis nuribusque superbus adveniet; cuperem ipse graves tum rumpere terras", + "en": "A little while and he shall return glorying in the spoils and the brides of Scythia; then would I, even I, long to burst the weight of earth." + }, + { + "id": 15259, + "la": "sed tibi triste nefas fraternaque turbidus arma rex parat et saevos irarum concipit ignes", + "en": "But against thee the violent king prepareth a deadly crime and arms, brother against brother, and is nursing the fierce fires of his passion." + }, + { + "id": 15260, + "la": "quin rapis hanc animam et tremulos citus effugis artus? i, meus es, iam te in lucos pia turba silentum secretisque ciet volitans pater Aeolus arvis.", + "en": "Why dost thou not snatch away thy life, and quickly escape from these trembling limbs? Come then, thou art my son, already the silent throng of the sanctified call thee to their glades, and Aeolus thy father who flits in the sequestered fields." + }, + { + "id": 15261, + "la": "Horruit interea famulum clamore supremo maesta domus, regemque fragor per moenia differt mille ciere manus et iam dare iussa vocatis", + "en": "Meanwhile the sorrowing home shuddered with the despairing cries of the slaves, and throughout the walls of the city the rumour spreads that the king is levying a thousand troops and is already giving command to those summoned." + }, + { + "id": 15262, + "la": "flagrantes aras vestemque nemusque sacerdos praecipitat, subitisque pavens circumspicit Aeson, quid moveat", + "en": "In haste the priest leaves the blazing altars and the grove and casts aside his robes, and Aeson in fear at these sudden happenings looks around him wondering what he should devise." + }, + { + "id": 15263, + "la": "quasi multa leo cunctatur in arta mole virum rictuque genas et lumina pressit: sic curae subiere ducem, ferrumne capessat imbelle atque aevi senior gestamina primi an patres regnique acuat mutabile vulgus", + "en": "Even as a lion hemmed round by a thick mass of men will hesitate a long while, and with huge gaping jaws wrinkles up cheeks and eyes, so do doubts crowd upon the prince'is he to seize a feeble sword? shall he in his old age wield the weapons of early youth? shall he stir up the elders and the fickle folk of the kingdom?" + }, + { + "id": 15264, + "la": "contra effusa manus haerensque in pectore coniunx me quoque ait casus comitem quicumque propinquat accipies, nec fata traham natumque videbo te sine, sat caeli patiens, cum prima per altum vela dedit, potui quae tantum ferre dolorem. talia per lacrimas", + "en": "But his wife, with outstretched hands, clinging to his breast, cries: Nay, but thou shalt take me as partner in whatever fortune shall shortly be thine; I will not prolong my life, nor look upon my son without thee, I who had endured long enough the light of day when first he set sail over the main, I who had strength to bear this deep sorrow. So she spoke through her tears." + }, + { + "id": 15265, + "la": "et iam circumspicit Aeson, praeveniat quo fine minas, quae fata capessat digna satis: magnos obitus natumque domumque et genus Aeolium pugnataque poscere bella", + "en": "And now Aeson bethinks him by what end he may outstrip the threats of the king, how he may embrace a worthy fate: his son, his home, the race of Aeolus and the wars he has fought demand a noble death." + }, + { + "id": 15266, + "la": "est etiam ante oculos aevum rudis altera proles, ingentes animos et fortia discere facta quem velit atque olim leti meminisse paterni", + "en": "Furthermore, he sees before him his second son of unripe years, into whom he would fain instil high courage and the knowledge of brave deeds, and the memory in days to come of his fathers death." + }, + { + "id": 15267, + "la": "ergo sacra novat veteris sub nocte cupressi sordidus et multa pallens ferrugine taurus stabat adhuc, cui caeruleae per cornua vittae et taxi frons hirta comis; ipse aeger anhelans impatiensque loci visaque exterritus umbra", + "en": "Therefore he returns to the holy rites. Beneath the gloom of an ancient cypress, squalid and ghastly with darksome hue, a bull still stood, dark blue fillets on his horns, his brow rough with the foliage of yew; the beast too was downcast, panting and restless, and terrified at the sight of the shade." + }, + { + "id": 15268, + "la": "hunc sibi praecipuum gentis de more nefandae Thessalis in seros Ditis servaverat usus", + "en": "The witch, according to the custom of her evil race, had kept him, chosen above all others, to use him now at last for these hellish practices." + }, + { + "id": 15269, + "la": "illum ubi terrifici superesse in tempore sacri conspexit, statuit leto supremaque fatur ipse manu tangens damnati cornua tauri: vos, quibus imperium Iovis et non segne peractum lucis iter, mihi consiliis, mihi cognita bellis nomina magnorum fama sacrata nepotum; tuque, excite parens umbris, ut nostra videres funera et oblitos superum paterere dolores, da placidae mihi sedis iter meque hostia vestris conciliet praemissa locis", + "en": "When Aeson saw that the bull still remained at the hour of the awful rites unslain, he dooms him to death, and with one hand upon the horns of the fated victim speaks for the last time: O ye who received from Jupiter your reign and the light of life not idly spent, names known to me in councils and in wars, names hallowed by the good report of your grandchildren; and thou, my father, summoned forth from the shades to view my death and to endure again the forgotten sorrows of men on earth, O grant me entry to the abode of quiet, and may the victim that I send before me win favour for me in your dwelling." + }, + { + "id": 15270, + "la": "tu, nuntia sontum virgo Iovi, terras oculis quae prospicis aequis, ultricesque deae Fasque et grandaeva Furorum Poena parens, meriti regis succedite tectis et saevas inferte faces", + "en": "And thou, O maid, that dost report guilty deeds to Jove,1 who lookest down upon earth with unerring eyes, ye avenging goddesses, thou Divine Law, and thou Retribution, aged mother of furies, enter into the sinful palace of the king, and bring upon him your fierce torches." + }, + { + "id": 15271, + "la": "sacer effera raptet corda pavor; nec sola mei gravia adfore nati arma ratemque putet: classes et Pontica signa atque indignatos temerato litore reges mente agitet semperque metu decurrat ad undas arma ciens; mors sera viam temptataque claudat effugia et nostras nequeat praecurrere diras, sed reduces iam iamque viros auroque coruscum cernat iter", + "en": "Let accursed fear ravish his maddened heart; nor let him deem that my son alone will come with grim weapons in his bark, but let his mind be troubled with fleets and the banners of Pontus and indignant princes from an outraged shore;1 let him ever in fear hurry down to the waters edge, calling to his warriors; let death long delayed shut every path of escape he essays, let him not outstrip my curses, but let him behold every moment the heroes returning and the road sparkling with the fleece of gold." + }, + { + "id": 15272, + "la": "stabo insultans et ovantia contra ora manusque feram", + "en": "I shall stand vaunting, and move before him with countenance and hands triumphant." + }, + { + "id": 15273, + "la": "tum, vobis siquod inausum arcanumque nefas et adhuc incognita leti sors superest, date fallaci pudibunda senectae exitia indecoresque obitus", + "en": "Then, if there still remain some monstrous deed ye have not dared, some secret horror, some manner of death as yet unknown, oh grant to his old age'the traitor!'a shameful end, a death unseemly." + }, + { + "id": 15274, + "la": "non Marte nec armis aut nati precor ille mei dignatus ut umquam ense cadat; quae fida manus, quae cara suorum diripiat laceretque senem nec membra sepulchro contegat", + "en": "And I pray that he may never be deemed worthy to fall by the War-gods hand, by arms or by the sword of my son; let the band he trusteth, let his own kin that he holds dear tear in sunder and mutilate the aged man, and never bury his limbs in a tomb." + }, + { + "id": 15275, + "la": "haec noster de rege piacula sanguis sumat et heu cunctae quas misit in aequora gentes.", + "en": "Such be the retribution that my son exacts from the king, and all the nations, alas! whom the king has sent to sea." + }, + { + "id": 15276, + "la": "tergeminam tum placat eram Stygiasque supremo obsecrat igne domos iam iam exorabile retro carmen agens; neque enim ante leves niger avehit umbras portitor et vinctae primis stant faucibus Orci", + "en": "Then he appeases the goddess of triple form, and with his last sacrifice offers a prayer to the Stygian abodes, rehearsing backward a spell soon, soon to prove persuasive; for without that no thin shade will the dark ferryman take away, and bound they stand at the mouth of Orcus." + }, + { + "id": 15277, + "la": "adstitit et nigro fumantia pocula tabo contigit ipsa gravi Furiarum maxima dextra; illi avide exceptum pateris hausere cruorem", + "en": "The chief of the Furies stood close by him, and touched with heavy hand the cup that steamed with deadly venom; eagerly they drank and drained the blood from the bowl." + }, + { + "id": 15278, + "la": "Fit fragor; irrumpunt foribus qui saeva ferebant imperia et strictos iussis regalibus enses", + "en": "A tumult arose; with a shout there burst in soldiers bearing stern commands and weapons drawn at the kings behest." + }, + { + "id": 15279, + "la": "in media iam morte senes suffectaque leto lumina et undanti revomentes peste cruorem conspiciunt; primoque rudem sub limine rerum te, puer, et visa pallentem morte parentum diripiunt adduntque tuis", + "en": "They behold the aged pair already in the grip of doom, their eyes dulled in death, and spewing forth a poisonous stream of blood; and thee, child, innocent on the threshold of life and pale at the sight of thy parents death, they mutilate and set thee with thy kindred." + }, + { + "id": 15280, + "la": "procul horruit Aeson excedens memoremque tulit sub nubibus umbram", + "en": "Near by Aeson shuddered as he passed away, and his ghost carried the memory to the clouds above." + }, + { + "id": 15281, + "la": "Cardine sub nostro rebusque abscisa supernis Tartarei sedet aula patris, non illa ruenti accessura polo, victam si volvere molem ingenti iacet ore Chaos, quod pondere fessam materiem lapsumque queat consumere mundum", + "en": "Beneath our pole, cut off from the things of the upper world, deep down lies the palace of the Tartarean Father; never would it share the fate of the toppling sky, even if the mass were sent rolling. wide-mouthed Chaos lies, so huge that it could swallow all matter, wearied with its own burden, and the falling universe." + }, + { + "id": 15282, + "la": "hic geminae infernum portae, quarum altera dura semper lege patens populos regesque receptat; ast aliam temptare nefas et tendere contra: rara et sponte patet, siquando pectore ductor vulnera nota gerens, galeis praefixa rotisque cui domus aut studium mortales pellere curas, culta fides, longe metus atque ignota cupido; seu venit in vittis castaque in veste sacerdos", + "en": "Here are the twin doors of the shades below; one, by stern law ever open, receives nations and kings; but the other none may try, none may struggle to unbar; seldom only and of itself does it open, whenever a leader comes with glorious wounds upon his breast, whose home bears trophies of helmets and chariot-wheels, or one who strove to ease the cares of man, whose honour was kept lively, who had banished fear and knew not desire, or if a priest in fillets and pure apparel draws near." + }, + { + "id": 15283, + "la": "quos omnes lenis plantis et lampada quassans progenies Atlantis agit", + "en": "All such the son of Atlas guides forward, moving with gentle step, a torch in his hand." + }, + { + "id": 15284, + "la": "lucet via late igne dei, donec silvas et amoena piorum deveniant camposque, ubi sol totumque per annum durat aprica dies thiasique chorique virorum carminaque et quorum populis iam nulla cupido", + "en": "Afar the path gleams with the light of the god, until they come to the woods and the pleasant dwellings of the sanctified and the meads where all the year sun and sunlit days endure, where are revels and dancing and singing, and such things as the nations have no desire of now." + }, + { + "id": 15285, + "la": "has pater in sedes aeternaque moenia natum inducitque nurum", + "en": "Into this resting-place and these everlasting walls the father leads his son with his wife." + }, + { + "id": 15286, + "la": "tum porta quanta sinistra poena docet maneat Pelian, quot limine monstra", + "en": "Then he shows them what terrible torments await Pelias by the left gate, how many monstrous creatures stand upon the threshold." + }, + { + "id": 15287, + "la": "mirantur tantos strepitus turbamque ruentem et loca et infernos almae virtutis honores", + "en": "They marvel at the mighty uproar, at the onrushing host; they marvel at the region where kindly virtue is rewarded in the world below." + }, + { + "id": 15288, + "la": "Sicula pressus tellure Typhoeus", + "en": "Typhoeus lies crushed beneath Sicilian soil." + }, + { + "id": 15289, + "la": "hunc profugum et sacras revomentem pectore flammas, ut memorant, prensum ipse comis Neptunus in altum abstulit implicuitque vadis totiensque cruenta mole resurgentem torquentemque anguibus undas Sicanium vehit usque fretum cumque urbibus Aetnam intulit ora premens; trux ille eiectat adesi fundamenta iugi; pariter tunc omnis anhelat Trinacria, iniectam fesso dum pectore molem commovet experiens gemituque reponit inani", + "en": "Men say that as he fled, blasting forth accursed fires from his breast, Neptune grasped him by the hair, bore him out to sea and entangled him in the waters, and as the bloody mass rose again and again, churning the waves with serpent limbs, took him far away to the Sicilian waters and down upon his head placed all Aetna with her cities; savage still he throws up the foundations of the caverned mountain; then heaves Trinacria throughout her length and breadth, as he struggles and shifts the burdening mass with weary breast, to let it fall again with a groan'baffled." + }, + { + "id": 15290, + "la": "Iamque Hyperionius metas maris urget Hiberi currus et evectae prono laxantur habenae aethere, cum palmas Tethys grandaeva sinusque sustulit et rupto sonuit sacer aequore Titan", + "en": "And now Hyperions car drew close to its goal in the Hiberian sea, and with declining day the reins slackened at the journeys end, what time the ancient Tethys raised her hands for the embrace and the holy Titan thundered1 as he cleft the floor of Ocean." + }, + { + "id": 15291, + "la": "auxerat hora metus, iam se vertentis Olympi ut faciem raptosque simul montesque locosque ex oculis circumque graves videre tenebras", + "en": "Their fear deepened with the night as they beheld the face of the heavens turning and the mountains and all places rapt from view and all around thick darkness." + }, + { + "id": 15292, + "la": "ipsa quies rerum mundique silentia terrent astraque et effusis stellatus crinibus aether", + "en": "The very stillness of Nature, the silent constellations in the heavens, the firmament starred with streaming meteors filled them with fear." + }, + { + "id": 15293, + "la": "ac velut ignota captus regione viarum noctivagum qui carpit iter non aure quiescit, non oculis, noctisque metus niger auget utrimque campus et occurrens umbris maioribus arbor, haud aliter trepidare viri", + "en": "And as a traveller by night overtaken in some unknown spot upon the road keeps ear and eye alert, while the darkening landscape to left and right and trees looming up with shadows strangely huge do but make heavier the terrors of night, even so the heroes quailed." + }, + { + "id": 15294, + "la": "sed pectora firmans Hagniades non hanc inquit sine numine pinum derigimus, nec me tantum Tritonia cursus erudiit; saepe ipsa manu dignata carinam est", + "en": "But Hagnius son comforted their breasts, saying: Not without the help of a god do we pilot this ship; nor has the Tritonian queen but taught me the ways of the sea; oft-times has she herself deigned to guide our keel." + }, + { + "id": 15295, + "la": "an non experti, subitus cum luce fugata horruit imbre dies? quantis, pro Iuppiter, austris restitimus! quanta quotiens en Palladis arte incassum decimae cecidit tumor arduus undae! quin agite, o socii; micat immutabile caelum puraque nec gravido surrexit Cynthia cornu, nullus in ore rubor, certusque ad talia Titan integer in fluctus et in uno decidit auro", + "en": "What? felt we not her hand when suddenly the light was quenched and the day grew rough with storm? How great, ye heavens, the tempests against which we have prevailed! How many a time through Pallas sovran skill the mounting heap of the tenth wave has fallen harmless! Nay then, courage, comrades! the sky shines unchanging, and clear with sharp horns the moon has risen; no ruddy glow1 is in her face, and Titan, who in such matters lies not, sank full-orbed into the waters, one blaze of gold." + }, + { + "id": 15296, + "la": "adde, quod in noctem venti veloque marique incumbunt magis, it tacitis ratis ocior horis", + "en": "Moreover, at nightfall the breezes blow stronger upon sail and sea: the ship flies swifter in the silent hours." + }, + { + "id": 15297, + "la": "atque adeo non illa sequi mihi sidera monstrat, quae delapsa polo reficit mare: tantus Orion iam cadit, irato iam stridet in aequore Perseus; sed mihi dux, vetitis qui numquam conditus undis axe nitet serpens septenosque implicat ignes.", + "en": "Furthermore, she teaches me not to follow those stars that go down to draw new strength from Ocean: see, mighty Orion is sinking, and Perseus is hissing in the angry waters; no, my guide shall be he that never hides beneath the forbidden waters as he shines about the pole, the serpent that enfolds the seven stars." + }, + { + "id": 15298, + "la": "sic ait et certi memorat qui vultus Olympi, Pleiones Hyadumque locos, quo sidere vibret Ensis et Actaeus niteat qua luce Bootes", + "en": "So spake he, and. showed them how clear the face of the heavens, where Pleione and the Hyades were, in what constellation flashed Orions sword, how brilliant shone the Actaean Bootes." + }, + { + "id": 15299, + "la": "haec ubi dicta dedit, Cereris tum munere fessas restituunt vires et parco corpora Baccho; mox somno cessere; regunt sua sidera puppem", + "en": "When he had thus spoken, they renewed their weary bodies strength with the gift of Ceres and a little wine; presently sleep overcame them; kindly stars guide the ship." + }, + { + "id": 15300, + "la": "Iamque sub Eoae dubio Pallantidos igne albet ager motisque truces ab ovilibus ursi tuta domosque petunt, raras et litus in altum mittit aves; cum primus equis exegit anhelis Phoebus Athon mediasque diem dispersit in undas", + "en": "And now as the fires of the Pallantian maid2 grow faint in the east, the land lightens; from the scared sheepcotes the fierce bears return to the covert of their dens; from the shore birds scatter over the deep; then the first rays from Phoebus panting horses traversed Athos and flung day abroad over the waters." + }, + { + "id": 15301, + "la": "certatim remis agitur mare rostraque cursu prima tremunt; et iam summis Vulcania surgit Lemnos aquis tibi per varios defleta labores, ignipotens; nec te furiis et crimine matrum terra fugat meritique piget meminisse prioris", + "en": "Eagerly the rowers smote the sea and made the prows point quiver with their speed, until Lemnos, Vulcans home, rose above the crest of the waves, Lemnos, for whose many sufferings thou mournedst, Lord of Fire; not the frenzy and guilt of the women can drive thee from the land, and it is still sweet to think upon its former service." + }, + { + "id": 15302, + "la": "Tempore quo primum fremitus insurgere opertos caelicolum et regni sensit novitate tumentes Iuppiter aetheriae nec stare silentia pacis, Iunonem volucri primam suspendit Olympo horrendum chaos ostendens poenasque barathri", + "en": "What time Jupiter first heard the rising tide of secret girdings, and felt the anger of the gods kindle against his new sovereignty, and that the calm of peace in heaven could not last, first he hung up Juno from the wheeling sky and showed to her chaos in its horror and the doom of the abyss." + }, + { + "id": 15303, + "la": "mox etiam pavidae temptantem vincula matris solvere praerupti Vulcanum vertice caeli devolvit; ruit ille polo noctemque diemque turbinis in morem, Lemni dum litore tandem insonuit", + "en": "And presently when Vulcan would have undone his trembling mothers fetters, down from the sheer height of heaven he cast him; and from the sky daylong and nightlong he fell as in a whirlwind, until at length he thundered upon the shore of Lemnos." + }, + { + "id": 15304, + "la": "vox inde repens ut perculit urbem, adclinem scopulo inveniunt miserentque foventque alternos aegro cunctantem poplite gressus", + "en": "Then when his sudden cries thrilled the city, men found him leaning against a rock; they took compassion on him and nursed him, as on weak knees he moved slowly step by step." + }, + { + "id": 15305, + "la": "hinc, rursus superas postquam pater adnuit arces, Lemnos cara deo, nec fama notior Aetne aut Lipares domus: has epulas, haec templa peracta aegide et horrifici formatis fulminis alis laetus adit", + "en": "Hence, ever since the Father suffered him to return to the heights of heaven, Lemnos has been dear to the god, nor is Aetna nor his Liparaean home more renowned: here is the board, here too is the temple where he loves to repair when he has completed the aegis or forged wings for the dire thunderbolt." + }, + { + "id": 15306, + "la": "contra Veneris stat frigida semper ara loco, meritas postquam dea coniugis iras horruit et tacitae Martem tenuere catenae", + "en": "But there Venus altar stands ever cold, since the day when the goddess trembled before her husbands righteous anger, while Mars lay bound in the noiseless-woven fetters." + }, + { + "id": 15307, + "la": "quocirca struit illa nefas Lemnoque merenti exitium furiale movet; neque enim alma videri tantum ea cum tereti crinem subnectitur auro sidereos diffusa sinus, eadem effera et ingens et maculis suffecta genas pinumque sonantem virginibus Stygiis nigramque simillima pallam", + "en": "For this cause she is plotting evil and scheming destruction for guilty Lemnos like some Fury; for she hath not only a gracious aspect when she binds her hair with golden pin, her bright robes falling loose about her; it is the same goddess that, fierce and huge, her cheeks blotched and dark, seems like a Hell-maid with her crackling torch and black mantle." + }, + { + "id": 15308, + "la": "Iamque dies aderat, Thracas qui fuderat armis", + "en": "And now the day had come which saw the rout of the Thracians in battle." + }, + { + "id": 15309, + "la": "dux Lemni puppes tenui contexere canna ausus et inducto cratem defendere tergo", + "en": "The captain of Lemnos made bold to plait their withes into ships and to cover the wicker-work with layers of hide." + }, + { + "id": 15310, + "la": "laeta mari tum signa refert, plenasque movebant armentis nuribusque rates; his barbara vestis et torques, insigne loci", + "en": "Then rejoicing he bears his standards home across the sea, and they rowed ships laden with flocks and women; strange garments had these and necklaces, the marks of their land." + }, + { + "id": 15311, + "la": "sonat aequore clamor o patria, o variis coniunx nunc anxia curis, has agimus longi famulas tibi praemia belli: cum dea se piceo per sudum turbida nimbo praecipitat Famamque vagam vestigat in umbra, quam pater omnipotens digna atque indigna canentem spargentemque metus placidis regionibus arcet aetheris: illa fremens habitat sub nubibus imis, non erebi, non diva poli, terrasque fatigat, quas datur; auditam primi spernuntque foventque; mox omnes agit et motis quatit oppida linguis", + "en": "Over the waters rang the shout: O country, O wife now troubled with many a care, see the slaves we bring you, prizes of the long war! Then the goddess in hot haste threw herself to the earth in a pitchy cloud through the clear sky, and in the darkness tracked wandering Rumour, her whom the almighty Father has shut out from his peaceful world of heaven, whose voice is ever sounding both good and evil and spreading panic; in wrath she dwells deep beneath the clouds, a spirit neither of hell nor of heaven, and troubles the earth; for this is permitted her: at first when men hear her they scorn her, yet cherish her, until presently she assails all men, and cities are shaken with busy tongues." + }, + { + "id": 15312, + "la": "talem diva sibi scelerisque dolique ministram quaerit avens", + "en": "Such an instrument of sin and craft the goddess is eagerly seeking for her purpose." + }, + { + "id": 15313, + "la": "videt illa prior, iamque advolat ultro impatiens, iamque ora parat, iam suscitat aures", + "en": "Rumour sees her first, and already unannounced flies up impatient; already she sets her countenance, already pricks up her ears." + }, + { + "id": 15314, + "la": "hanc superincendit Venus atque his vocibus implet: vade age et aequoream, virgo, delabere Lemnon et cunctas mihi verte domos, praecurrere qualis bella soles, cum mille tubas armataque campis agmina et innumerum flatus confingis equorum adfore iam luxu turpique cupidine captos fare viros carasque toris inducere Thressas", + "en": "Venus inflames her yet more and inspires her with these words: Up, thou! get thee down to sea-girt Lemnos and stir up every home for me, even as when thou comest heralding war, bringing tales of a thousand trumpets and armed multitudes on the plains and the snortings of countless chargers. Tell how the men are coming, enslaved by delicate living and shameful lust, and are bringing women from Thrace to share the bed of love." + }, + { + "id": 15315, + "la": "haec tibi principia, hinc rabidas dolor undique matres instimulet: mox ipsa adero ducamque paratas.", + "en": "Be that the outline of thy tale; from that let resentment sting and madden every woman far and wide; presently I myself will come and lead them thus wrought upon." + }, + { + "id": 15316, + "la": "Illa abit et mediam gaudens defertur in urbem; et primam Eurynomen ad proxima limina Codri occupat exesam curis castumque cubile servantem: manet illa viro famulasque fatigat velleribus, tardi reputant quae tempora belli ante torum et longo mulcent insomnia penso", + "en": "The other departed and went down rejoicing into the midst of the city; she first accosts Eurynome at the house of Codrus near by, as she sat worn by anxious fears, still preserving undefiled her marriage-bed; faithful to her husband she wearies her maids with wool-spinning; and they reckon up the days of the dragging war by her bedside, as they soothe her sleepless nights with their unending toil." + }, + { + "id": 15317, + "la": "huic dea cum lacrimis et nota veste Neaerae icta genas utinam non hic tibi nuntius essem, o soror, aut nostros inquit prius unda dolores obruat, in tali quoniam tibi tempore coniunx sic meritae, votis quem tu fletuque requiris, heu furit et captae indigno famulatur amore", + "en": "To her the goddess comes weeping, in the well-known dress of Neaera and with smitten cheeks, and says: Ah, sister, would that I were not the bearer of these tidings, or might the waters first cover the cause of our sorrows, since at this moment the husband thou hast served so well, he for whose return thou prayest and weepest (oh, shame!), is crazed, the servant of a bondslaves shameful love." + }, + { + "id": 15318, + "la": "iamque aderunt thalamisque tuis Threissa propinquat non forma, non arte colus, non laude pudoris par tibi; nec magni proles praeclara Dorycli, picta manus ustoque placet sed barbara mento", + "en": "Yes, soon they will be here, and to thy bridal chamber there comes a Thracian woman, no match for thee in beauty, in skill with the distaff or in fair fame for chastity; no glorious scion of the great Doryclus finds favour, but a foreign woman with stained hands and a branded face." + }, + { + "id": 15319, + "la": "ac tamen hos aliis forsan solabere casus tu thalamis fatoque leges meliore penates; me tua matris egens damnataque paelice proles exanimat, quam iam miseros transversa tuentem letalesque dapes infectaque pocula cerno", + "en": "For all that, it may be thou wilt find some other bride-bed to comfort thee for this loss and wilt choose some happier home; but I, I am maddened to think of thy children, their mother lost, condemned to a rival wife; and I see her eyeing them askance, poor wretches! I see the deadly meats and the drugged cup." + }, + { + "id": 15320, + "la": "scis simile ut flammis simus genus; adde cruentis quod patrium saevire Dahis", + "en": "Thou knowest how like flame our nature is; yes, but more than this, a thirst for blood is inborn in the Dahae." + }, + { + "id": 15321, + "la": "iam lacte ferino, iam veniet durata gelu", + "en": "Soon, hard-reared amid frosts on wild beasts milk, will she be here." + }, + { + "id": 15322, + "la": "sed me quoque pulsam fama viro, nostrosque toros virgata tenebit et plaustro derepta nurus.", + "en": "Nay, rumour says that I too have been cast out by my husband, and some tattooed bride snatched from her waggon home shall lie in my bed." + }, + { + "id": 15323, + "la": "sic fata querellas abscidit et curis pavidam lacrimisque relinquit", + "en": "With these words she broke off her tale of sorrow, leaving the other to doubt and weep and tremble." + }, + { + "id": 15324, + "la": "transit ad Iphinoen isdemque Amythaonis implet Oleniique domum furiis; totam inde per urbem personat, ut cunctas agitent expellere Lemno, ipsi urbem Thressaeque regant", + "en": "She passed on to Iphinoe, and spread the same fire in the homes of Amythaon and Olenius; next through the whole city she cries aloud, that the men are plotting to drive them one and all from Lemnos, that they and their Thracian women may rule the city." + }, + { + "id": 15325, + "la": "dolor iraque surgit", + "en": "The tides of jealous rage and anger rise." + }, + { + "id": 15326, + "la": "obvia quaeque eadem traditque auditque, neque ulli vana fides", + "en": "And all as they met one another passed on and heard again the same story, nor was any disbelieved." + }, + { + "id": 15327, + "la": "tum voce deos, tum questibus implent, oscula iamque toris atque oscula postibus ipsis ingeminant lacrimisque iterum visuque morantur", + "en": "Then they call upon the gods with shrill lament, and now on their beds, now on the very door-posts they shower kisses, and then again they tarry to weep and to look back." + }, + { + "id": 15328, + "la": "prosiliunt nec tecta virum thalamosque revisunt amplius; adglomerant sese nudisque sub astris condensae fletus acuunt ac dira precantur coniugia et Stygias infanda ad foedera taedas", + "en": "Forth they rush and seek no more their husbands roof and the bridal chamber; together they throng, and close-packed beneath the naked stars wail ever louder, calling down curses on these weddings and the fires of hell on these monstrous unions." + }, + { + "id": 15329, + "la": "Has inter medias Dryopes in imagine maesta flet Venus et saevis ardens dea planctibus instat primaque Sarmaticas utinam Fortuna dedisset insedisse domos tristesque habitasse pruinas, plaustra sequi, vel iam patriae vidisse per ignes culmen agi stragemque deum; nam cetera belli perpetimur mene ille novis, me destinat amens servitiis?", + "en": "Midst of them all in the form of the sorrowing Dryope Venus stands and weeps. Her fierce and passionate complainings never cease, and first she spoke: O would that it had been my lot to find a home among the Sarmatians, to dwell amid the grim frosts and to follow a waggon, or even to have looked upon the flames devouring my fathers house, and the ruin of our temples; for all the other misfortunes of war, are they not ours? What? does he, does that madman think to put the strange yoke of slavery on me?" + }, + { + "id": 15330, + "la": "urbem aufugiens natosque relinquam? non prius ense manus raptoque armabimus igne, dumque silent ducuntque nova cum coniuge somnos, magnum aliquid spirabit amor? tunc ignea torquens lumina praecipites excussit ab ubere natos", + "en": "Or am I to flee the city and leave my little ones? No! before they come, let us arm ourselves with swords and burning brands, and as they rest in slumber each by his new-found bride, love shall inspire some mighty deed! She cast her flashing eyes around and dashed her children headlong from her breast." + }, + { + "id": 15331, + "la": "ilicet arrectae mentes evictaque matrum corda sacer Veneris gemitus rapit: aequora cunctae prospiciunt simulantque choros delubraque festa fronde tegunt laetaeque viris venientibus adsunt", + "en": "At once the womens minds were roused, their tender hearts overcome and swept along by the accursed cries of Venus; one and all gaze out across the sea, and then make show of dancing and of decking the temples with festal garlands, and with smiling faces go down to meet their returning husbands." + }, + { + "id": 15332, + "la": "iamque domos mensasque petunt; discumbitur altis porticibus; sua cuique furens festinaque coniunx adiacet, inferni qualis sub nocte barathri adcubat attonitum Phlegyan et Thesea iuxta Tisiphone saevasque dapes et pocula libat (tormenti genus) et nigris amplectitur hydris", + "en": "Soon they depart to their homes to feast; they lie down in the high colonnades, by each mans side his wife, raging and eager to be doing, even as Tisiphone beneath the night of hells abyss lies close to the terror-stricken Phlegyas and Theseus, and tastes the ghastly meats and wine (her way to torture them), and wreathes them with her foul serpents." + }, + { + "id": 15333, + "la": "Ipsa Venus quassans undantem turbine pinum adglomerat tenebras pugnaeque adcincta trementem desilit in Lemnon; nimbis et luce fragosa prosequitur polus et tonitru pater auget honoro", + "en": "Venus herself whirling a pine-torch in spires of flame piles gloom on gloom and girt for the fray sweeps down to quivering Lemnos; storm, lightning and peals are her escort from heaven; the pomp of her fathers thunder lends her glory." + }, + { + "id": 15334, + "la": "inde novam pavidas vocem furibunda per auras congeminat, qua primus Athos et pontus et ingens Thraca palus pariterque toris exhorruit omnis mater et adstricto riguerunt ubere nati", + "en": "Then through the terror-stricken air again and again she makes a strange cry ring, whereat all Athos first did shudder, and then the sea and the wide Thracian mere, aye, and every mother in her bed; and children at the breast grew chilled." + }, + { + "id": 15335, + "la": "adcelerat Pavor et Geticis Discordia demens e stabulis atraeque genis pallentibus Irae et Dolus et Rabies et Leti maior imago visa truces exerta manus, ut prima vocatu intonuit signumque dedit Mavortia coniunx", + "en": "Straightway Fear and insensate Strife from her Getic lair, dark-browed Anger with pale cheeks, Treachery, Frenzy and towering above the rest Death, her cruel hands bared, come hastening up at the first sound of the Martian consorts pealing voice that gave the signal." + }, + { + "id": 15336, + "la": "hic aliud Venus et multo magis ipsa tremendum orsa nefas gemitus fingit vocesque cadentum inrupitque domos, et singultantia gestans ora manu taboque sinus perfusa recenti arrectaque coma meritos en prima revertor ulta toros, premit ecce dies tum verbere victas in thalamos agit et cunctantibus ingerit enses", + "en": "And now Venus set her hands to yet another and more awful crime; she caused a sound as of groans and cries of men struck down; she rushed into houses clutching a head still throbbing, with fresh blood staining her bosom and her hair streaming in terror. Look! she cries, I am the first to return; I have avenged the guilty bed! See, day is at hand! She drives them before her lash into the chambers, and forces swords into their faltering hands." + }, + { + "id": 15337, + "la": "(unde ego tot scelerum facies, tot fata iacentum exequar? heu vatem monstris quibus intulit ordo! quae se aperit series! o qui me vera canentem sistat et hac nostras exsolvat imagine noctes!) invadunt aditus et quondam cara suorum corpora: pars ut erant dapibus vinoque soporos, pars conferre manus etiam magnisque paratae cum facibus, quosdam insomnes et cuncta tuentes; sed temptare fugam prohibetque capessere contra arma metus; adeo ingentes inimica videri diva dabat, notaque sonat vox coniuge maior", + "en": "(How record all those scenes of wickedness, all the deaths of the fallen? Alas, mid what ghastly deeds has his story brought the bard! Ah, the long tale of horror that opens before me! Oh that some hand would check my too faithful tongue, and rid me of this vision in the night hours!) They seize the doorways and fall upon the bodies of their once loved ones: some, upon the men that lay drowsed with feasting and drinking, others, armed even to fight and with huge torches, upon a few that slumbered not but saw all; but flee or take up arms they cannot for fear: so huge did the angry goddess make the women seem, and their voice rings louder than the wife they knew." + }, + { + "id": 15338, + "la": "tantum oculos pressere manu, velut agmina cernant Eumenidum ferrumve super Bellona coruscet", + "en": "They did but cover their eyes with their hands as though they saw the ranks of the Eumenides, or Bellona flashed her sword oer their heads." + }, + { + "id": 15339, + "la": "hoc soror, hoc coniunx, propiorque hoc nata parensque saeva valet; prensosque toris mactatque trahitque femineum genus, immanes quos sternere Bessi nec Geticae potuere manus aut aequoris irae", + "en": "Such the savagery of sister, of wife, aye, of closer of kin, of daughter and of mother; caught in their beds woman drags forth and butchers the men whom neither the huge Bessi nor the Getic armies nor the anger of the sea could overcome." + }, + { + "id": 15340, + "la": "it cruor in thalamis et anhela in pectore fumant vulnera seque toris misero luctamine trunci devolvunt", + "en": "Blood flows in the chambers, while in every breast there is a bubbling, smoking wound, and struggling pitifully the bodies roll from their beds." + }, + { + "id": 15341, + "la": "diras aliae ad fastigia taedas iniciunt adduntque domos: pars ignibus atris effugiunt propere, sed dura in limine coniunx obsidet et viso repetunt incendia ferro", + "en": "Some of the women hurl torches of destruction upon the roofs and add their homes to the ruin; some few men make haste to escape from the smoking fires, but their way is barred at the threshold by an unyielding wife, and at the sight of the sword they rush back into the flames." + }, + { + "id": 15342, + "la": "ast aliae Thressas labem causamque furoris diripiunt; mixti gemitus clamorque precantum barbarus ignotaeque implebant aethera voces", + "en": "Others rend and tear the Thracian slaves, their mens undoing and the cause of these frenzied deeds; mingled groans, barbaric cries of supplication and unintelligible voices filled the air." + }, + { + "id": 15343, + "la": "Sed tibi nunc quae digna tuis ingentibus ausis orsa feram, decus et patriae laus una ruentis, Hypsipyle? non ulla meo te carmine dictam abstulerint, durent Latiis modo saecula fastis Iliacique lares tantique palatia regni", + "en": "But now what words can I bring worthy of thy high courage, Hypsipyle, thou the glory, the single honour of thy countrys fall? Thy story told in my song no ages shall make forgotten, so but the Latian annals1 still mark the centuries, and the homes from Ilium founded and the palace of our mighty empire." + }, + { + "id": 15344, + "la": "inruerant actae pariter nataeque nurusque totaque iam sparsis exarserat insula monstris", + "en": "Daughters and the wives of sons, all beneath one impulse had joined the throng, and now the whole island was ablaze with widespread deeds of horror." + }, + { + "id": 15345, + "la": "illa pias armata manus fuge protinus urbem meque, pater; non hostis, ait non moenia laeti Thraces habent; nostrum hoc facinus; ne quaere, quis auctor", + "en": "But good Hypsipyle, sword in hand, cries: Straightway flee the city, father, and me too; it is no enemy, no exulting Thracian holds the walls; this is our doing; ask not who bade us do it." + }, + { + "id": 15346, + "la": "iam fuge, iam dubiae donum rape mentis et ensem tu potius, miserere, tene.", + "en": "Up and flee! Up and be swift to profit by my doubting spirit, and do thou (O have pity!), not I, grasp the sword!" + }, + { + "id": 15347, + "la": "tunc excipit artus obnubitque caput tacitumque ad conscia Bacchi templa rapit, primoque manus a limine tendens exime nos sceleri, pater, et miserere piorum rursus ait", + "en": "Then she supported his limbs, and covering his head brought him swiftly in silence to Bacchus shrine, partner of their secret, where upon the threshold she stretched forth her hands and said: Father Bacchus, save me from this sin, and have compassion once more upon thy votaries." + }, + { + "id": 15348, + "la": "tacita pavidum tunc sede locavit sub pedibus dextraque dei; latet ille receptus veste sacra; voces tholus et trieterica reddunt aera sonum fixaeque fremunt in limine lynces", + "en": "Then in the still shrine she placed him trembling, below the feet and the right hand of the god; gathered beneath the folds of the sacred robe no eye might see him; voices issue from the dome and sounds from the festal cymbals, while the sculptured lynxes at the portal roared." + }, + { + "id": 15349, + "la": "regina ut roseis Auroram surgere bigis vidit et insomni lassatas turbine tandem conticuisse domos, stabilem quando optima facta dant animum maiorque piis audacia coeptis, serta patri iuvenisque comam vestesque Lyaei induit et medium curru locat aeraque circum tympanaque et plenas tacita formidine cistas", + "en": "When the Lemnian princess saw Dawn mounting in her rosy chariot, and how at length silence had come upon every home spent with the unresting tumult, since good deeds give courage and righteous acts increase boldness, she arrays her father in garlands, with the tresses of a youth and the robes of Lyaeus, and causes him to stand in a chariot, while around him she places the cymbals and drums, and the caskets, full of mysterious awe." + }, + { + "id": 15350, + "la": "ipsa sinus hederisque ligat famularibus artus pampineamque quatit ventosis ictibus hastam respiciens, teneat virides velatus habenas ut pater, in nivea tumeant ut cornua mitra et sacer ut Bacchum referat scyphus", + "en": "She herself twined the Bacchanal ivy about her bosom and her limbs, and brandished a vine-leaved wand that smote the air; looking back to see that her father in his robes should grasp the leaf-decked reins, that the horns should stand out from the snow-white coif, and that a sacred goblet should bring Bacchus before mens eyes." + }, + { + "id": 15351, + "la": "impulit acri tum validas stridore fores rapiturque per urbem talia voce canens: linque o mihi caede madentem, Bacche, domum; sine foedatum te funere pontus expiet et referam lotos in templa dracones.", + "en": "Next with a harsh grating she thrust back the strong doors and moved onward through the city as she cried aloud: I pray thee, Bacchus, quit thy bloodstained dwelling-place; let the sea cleanse thee of the pollution of death, and let me bring thy snakes again to thy temple when they are purified." + }, + { + "id": 15352, + "la": "sic medios egressa metus; facit ipse verendam nam deus et flatu non inscia gliscit anhelo", + "en": "Thus she went safe through the terrors about her path, for the god himself made her to be feared, and consciously she glowed with breathless inspiration." + }, + { + "id": 15353, + "la": "iamque senem tacitis saeva procul urbe remotum occulerat silvis, ipsam sed conscius ausi nocte dieque pavor fraudataque turbat Erinys", + "en": "So now she hid the old man far from the cruel city in the silent forest; yet by day and by night fear troubles her, and the secret of her bold deed, and Erinys, cheated of her victim." + }, + { + "id": 15354, + "la": "non similes iam ferre choros (semel orgia fallunt) audet, non patrios furtis accedere saltus, et fuga diversas misero quaerenda per artes", + "en": "No more she dares to join the dances of her companions (once only can the mock rites deceive), nor to visit in secret the glen that hides her father, while she must seek escape for him, poor wretch, by other means." + }, + { + "id": 15355, + "la": "visa ratis saevae defecta laboribus undae, quam Thetidi longinqua dies Glaucoque repostam solibus et canis urebat luna pruinis", + "en": "She beheld a ship outworn with the toils of the savage sea, long since offered up to Thetis and to Glaucus, which passing time had scorched with its suns and the moon with her hoarfrosts had worn." + }, + { + "id": 15356, + "la": "huc genitorem altae per opaca silentia noctis praecipitem silvis rapit et sic maesta profatur: quam, genitor, patriam, quantas modo linquis inanes pube domos! pro dira lues, pro noctis acerbae exitium! talin possum te credere puppi, care parens? possum tantis retinere periclis? solvimus heu serum furti scelus! adnue votis, diva, soporiferas quae nunc trahis aequore bigas", + "en": "Hither with all speed through the darkness and silence of midnight she haled her father from the woods, and thus in sorrow spake: What a land, my father, what homes lately so prosperous, dost thou leave, spoiled of their manhood! Oh horrible pollution! Oh the ruin wrought in one bitter night! How can I trust thee to so frail a ship, father dear? How can I keep thee here amid these great dangers? Alas, I am paying at length for my crime of cunning! Hear my prayer, goddess, thou who now drivest thy slumbrous car across the ocean." + }, + { + "id": 15357, + "la": "non populos, non dite solum, non ulla parenti regna peto; patria liceat decedere terra", + "en": "I ask no subject peoples for my father, no bounteous land, no throne; only grant that he go forth from his home and country." + }, + { + "id": 15358, + "la": "quando ego servato mediam genitore per urbem laeta ferar? quando hic lacrimas planctusque videbo? dixerat", + "en": "When shall I be borne through the midst of the city, happy that my fathers life was saved? When shall I see tears and lamentations in this land? She finished;" + }, + { + "id": 15359, + "la": "ille procul trunca fugit anxius alno, Taurorumque locos delubraque saeva Dianae advenit", + "en": "he in fear escapes in the oarless ship afar, and reaches the dwelling of the Tauri and Dianas savage shrine." + }, + { + "id": 15360, + "la": "hic illum tristi, dea, praeficis arae ense dato; mora nec terris tibi longa cruentis", + "en": "Here didst thou, goddess, put a sword in his hand, and didst appoint him warden of thy cheerless altar; but thou madest no long sojourn in that bloodstained land." + }, + { + "id": 15361, + "la": "iam nemus Egeriae, iam te ciet altus ab Alba Iuppiter et soli non mitis Aricia regi", + "en": "Already there summon thee the glade of Egeria, lord Jupiter at Alba, and Aricia stern to her king alone." + }, + { + "id": 15362, + "la": "Arcem nata petit, quo iam manus horrida matrum congruerat", + "en": "His daughter betook her to the citadel, whither an unkempt throng of women had gathered together." + }, + { + "id": 15363, + "la": "rauco fremitu sedere parentum natorumque locis vacuaeque in moenibus urbis iura novant; donant solio sceptrisque paternis ut meritam redeuntque piae sua praemia menti", + "en": "With harsh clamour they sat them down where fathers and sons had sat before, and amid the buildings of the empty city they make new laws: on Hypsipyle they bestow the throne and sceptre of her father as by right, and a daughters love has its fit reward." + }, + { + "id": 15364, + "la": "Ecce procul validis Lemnon tendentia remis arma notant; rapitur subito regina tumultu conciliumque vocat", + "en": "Lo! afar off they descry warriors making towards Lemnos with sturdy strokes of the oar; the queen starts in sudden alarm, and calls councillors about her." + }, + { + "id": 15365, + "la": "non illis obvia tela ferre nec infestos deerat furor improbus ignes, ni Veneris saevas fregisset Mulciber iras", + "en": "No reckless rage lacked they to bring arms or fling brands upon the foe, had not Vulcan quelled the savage passions of Venus stirring." + }, + { + "id": 15366, + "la": "tunc etiam vates Phoebo dilecta Polyxo (non patriam, non certa genus te, maxima Tethy, Proteaque ambiguum Phariis effatur ab antris huc rexisse vias iunctis super aequora phocis; saepe imis se condit aquis cunctataque paulum surgit ut auditas referens in gurgite voces) portum demus ait, fatis haec, credite, puppis advenit et melior Lemno deus aequore flexit huc Minyas; Venus ipsa volens dat corpora iungi, dum vires utero maternaque sufficit aetas.", + "en": "Then too Polyxo,1 the priestess beloved of Phoebus (of uncertain race and country, she declares that thou, O mighty Tethys and the ever-changing Proteus steered their course thither from the Pharian caves, drawn by a team of seals across the waters; oft-times she hides in the depths and, tarrying awhile, rises again as one reporting words she had heard beneath the waters): Let us yield them the harbour, she cries. Oh trust me, it is destiny brings this ship, and the god that favours Lemnos has guided the Minyae hither across the sea; freely doth Venus herself grant us to mate with them, while our wombs have strength and our years are not past child-bearing." + }, + { + "id": 15367, + "la": "dicta placent portatque preces ad litora Grais Iphinoe; nec turba nocens scelerisque recentis signa movent, tollitque loci Cytherea timorem", + "en": "Her words find favour, and Iphinoe bears the entreaty shoreward to the Greeks; and they shrink not at the guilty people nor at the traces of yesterdays crime, for Cytheras queen banishes all fear of the island." + }, + { + "id": 15368, + "la": "protinus ingentem procerum sub nomine taurum deicit, insuetis et iam pia munera templis reddit, et hac prima Veneris calet ara iuvenca", + "en": "Forthwith he fells a huge ox in the name of the chieftains, and offers up gifts of sacrifice once more in the unused1 shrines, and for the first time the altar of Venus smokes with a slain heifer." + }, + { + "id": 15369, + "la": "Ventum erat ad rupem, cuius pendentia nigris fumant saxa iugis coquiturque vaporibus aer", + "en": "They came to a crag, whose pendent rocks and ridges were black with smoke and the air around was warmed with mounting heat." + }, + { + "id": 15370, + "la": "substitit Aesonides, atque hic regina precari hortatur causasque docens haec antra videtis Vulcanique ait ecce domos: date vina precesque", + "en": "Aesons son halted; whereat the queen bids him pray and expounds the cause, saying: Lo, here ye see the caverns of Vulcan, his home; offer wine and supplication." + }, + { + "id": 15371, + "la": "forsitan hoc factum taceat iam fulmen in antro; nox dabit ipsa fidem, clausae cum murmura flammae, hospes, et incussae sonitum mirabere massae.", + "en": "Even now, it may be, a forged bolt lies silent in this very cave; the night will bring thee proof, stranger, when thou shalt marvel at the roar of the prisoned furnace and the clang of smitten metal." + }, + { + "id": 15372, + "la": "moenia tum viresque loci veteresque parentum iactat opes", + "en": "Next she points proudly to their bastions, to the strength of the island, and the wealth of her ancestors from olden times." + }, + { + "id": 15373, + "la": "mediis famulae convivia tectis expediunt; Tyrio vibrat torus igneus ostro", + "en": "In the midst of the palace the servants make ready a banquet; the couches quiver in the sheen of Tyrian purple." + }, + { + "id": 15374, + "la": "stat maerens atavos reges regesque maritos Thressa manus, quaecumque faces timuisse iugales credita nec dominae sanctum tetigisse cubile", + "en": "A company of Thracian women stood by, mourning for the kings their forefathers and the kings that were their husbands, all they who, it was believed, had shunned the marriage torch and had not stained the sanctity of their mistresses bed." + }, + { + "id": 15375, + "la": "iam medium Aesonides, iam se regina locavit, post alii proceres; sacris dum vincitur extis prima fames, circum pateris it Bacchus et omnis aula silet; dapibus coeptis mox tempora fallunt noctis et in seras durant sermonibus umbras", + "en": "Then midmost of all Jason, and next, the queen, sat down; after them the other captains; while their first hunger is being overcome with the flesh of sacrifice, the wine passes round in cups, and all the hall is hushed; the banquet began,3 and then they while away the night and linger in converse long into the darkness." + }, + { + "id": 15376, + "la": "praecipueque ducis casus mirata requirit Hypsipyle, quae fata trahant, quae regis agat vis, aut unde Haemoniae molem ratis:", + "en": "But most of all Hypsipyle marvels at the princes fortunes, and asks him what destiny it is that draws him, what power of his king that constrains, and whence comes the great Haemonian ship; she hangs" + }, + { + "id": 15377, + "la": "unius haeret adloquio et blandos paulatim colligit ignes iam non dura toris Veneri nec iniqua reversae, et deus ipse moras spatiumque indulget amori", + "en": "upon his words, his only, and slowly gathers in the sweet flame, no longer unyielding to wedlock or unkind to passions return, and the god himself grants a respite and a time for love." + }, + { + "id": 15378, + "la": "Pliada lege poli nimboso moverat astro Iuppiter aeternum volvens opus, et simul undis cuncta ruunt unoque dei Pangaea sub ictu Gargaraque et Moesi steterunt formidine luci", + "en": "By heavens law Jove had drawn the Pleiads1 stormy constellation down from the firmament as he rolled the earth upon its everlasting course, and straightway rain streams everywhere, and at one blow from the god Pangaea and Gargara and the forests of Moesia stood terror-stricken." + }, + { + "id": 15379, + "la": "saevior haut alio mortales tempore mentes terror agit; tunc urget enim, tunc flagitat iras in populos Astraea Iovem terrisque relictis invocat adsiduo Saturnia sidera questu", + "en": "At no other season of the year does fiercer fear sway mens hearts; for then does Astraea urge her plea, then does she implore Joves anger against the nations, and leaving the earth importunes Saturns star with her complaint." + }, + { + "id": 15380, + "la": "insequitur niger et magnis cum fratribus Eurus intonat Aegaeo tenditque ad litora pontus; et lunam quarto densam videt imbribus ortu Thespiades, longus coeptis et fluctibus arcet qui metus", + "en": "Then follows the darkling South-west wind, and with his strong brethren thunders upon the Aegean main, and all the sea strains shoreward; and at her fourth rising Thespian Tiphys sees the moon misty through rain, and fear thereat keeps the Minyae long from their task and from the waves." + }, + { + "id": 15381, + "la": "usque novos divae melioris ad ignes urbe sedent laeti Minyae viduisque vacantes indulgent thalamis; nimbosque educere luxu nec iam velle vias, zephyrosque audire vocantes dissimulant, donec resides Tirynthius heros non tulit, ipse rati invigilans atque integer urbis; invidisse deos tantum maris aequor adortis desertasque domos fraudataque tempore segni vota patrum", + "en": "They, ever waiting till the goddess in kinder mood should show her fires once more, rest glad at heart in the city, and free from toil give themselves up to the marriage-bed; they spend the days of tempest in delicate living, nor wish any more for seafaring, and feign not to hear the breezes calling, until the hero of Tiryns brooked their sloth no longer, as himself he watched the ship nor knew the citys taint; the gods, he cries, are jealous of them for assailing the spaces of the sea; they have deserted their homes, and the prayers of their elders are mocked by these days of idleness." + }, + { + "id": 15382, + "la": "quid et ipse viris cunctantibus adsit?", + "en": "Why should he, aye he, be there to help dalliers?" + }, + { + "id": 15383, + "la": "o miseri quicumque tuis accessimus actis! Phasin et Aeeten Scythicique pericula ponti redde ait Aesonide: me tecum solus in aequor rerum traxit amor, dum spes mihi sistere montes Cyaneos vigilemque alium spoliare draconem", + "en": "Oh unhappy are we who have joined thy adventure! Give me back Phasis and Aeetes and the perils of the Scythian sea, thou son of Aeson, he cries; naught but the love of deeds drew me to thy side, so long as I hoped to stay the Cyanean rocks and to despoil one vigilant monster more." + }, + { + "id": 15384, + "la": "si sedet Aegaei scopulos habitare profundi, hoc mecum Telamon peraget meus.", + "en": "If thy resolve is still to dwell amid the cliffs of the Aegean deep, this task my Telamon will carry through with me." + }, + { + "id": 15385, + "la": "haec ubi dicta, haud secus Aesonides monitis accensus amaris quam bellator equus, longa quem frigida pace terra iuvat, brevis in flexus piger angitur orbis, frena tamen dominumque velit, si Martius aures clamor et obliti rursus fragor impleat aeris", + "en": "When he had thus spoken, Aesonides was kindled by the bitter admonishing; even as a war-horse that takes his pleasure in a land numb from long peace, and that is idly confined to the circlings of a narrow tether, would yet wish for bit and rider, were the cry of battle and the blare of the forgotten clarion to fill his ears." + }, + { + "id": 15386, + "la": "tunc Argum Tiphynque vocat pelagoque parari praecipitat; petit ingenti clamore magister arma viros pariter sparsosque in litore remos", + "en": "Then he summons Argus and Tiphys and bids them swiftly make ready for the voyage; with a loud shout the helmsman seeks the tackle and his crew and the oars that lie strewn upon the beach." + }, + { + "id": 15387, + "la": "Exoritur novus urbe dolor planctusque per omnes et facies antiqua domos", + "en": "Grief broke out afresh in the city, the old mourning, the old face of things was in every home." + }, + { + "id": 15388, + "la": "sibi moenia linqui en iterum, et quando natorum tempora, gentem qui recolant, qui sceptra gerant? nunc triste nefandae noctis opus, vidui nunc illa silentia tecti saeva magis, thalamos excussaque vincla quod ausae induere atque iterum tales admittere curas", + "en": "Lo! once again their city is to be deserted! and when comes the time for bearing children, who shall establish their race once more and wield the sceptre? Bitterer now seems the work of that impious night, crueller now the stillness of each widowed home, since once again they dared to put on the discarded bonds of wedlock, and once again to open their hearts to its cares." + }, + { + "id": 15389, + "la": "ipsa quoque Hypsipyle subitos per litora cursus ut vidit totaque viros decedere Lemno, ingemit et tali compellat Iasona questu: iamne placet primo deducere vela sereno, carius o mihi patre caput? modo saeva quierunt aequora", + "en": "Even Hypsipyle too, when she descried the sudden going to and fro along the beach, and the heroes departing utterly from Lemnos, groaned aloud and thus plaintively accosted Jason: So quickly, at the first clear sky, dost thou resolve to unfurl thy sails, O dearer to me than mine own father? But now have the angry seas sunk to rest." + }, + { + "id": 15390, + "la": "sic portus fugeret ratis, aspera si te Plias in adversae tenuisset litore Thraces", + "en": "In this manner would thy ship be fleeing from the harbour, had the fierce Pleiads held thee prisoner on Thraces hostile coast." + }, + { + "id": 15391, + "la": "ergo moras caelo cursumque tenentibus undis debuimus? dixit lacrimans, haesuraque caro dona duci promit chlamydem textosque labores", + "en": "Is it then to the sky and to the waves that hindered thy course that we owed thy tarrying? Weeping she spoke, and brought forth a gift that should abide with her loved prince, a tunic of woven handiwork." + }, + { + "id": 15392, + "la": "illic servati genitoris conscia sacra pressit acu currusque pios: stant saeva paventum agmina dantque locum; viridis circum horrida late silva tremit; mediis refugit pater anxius umbris", + "en": "Therein she had painted with her needle the rites that told of her fathers rescue and the holy car; there stand in fear the savage throng and make way for him; all round sways the wild forest, woven in green; her father in dread seeks refuge in the midmost shade." + }, + { + "id": 15393, + "la": "pars haec frondosae raptus expresserat Idae inlustremque fugam pueri; mox aethere laetus adstabat mensis, quin et Iovis armiger ipse accipit a Phrygio iam pocula blanda ministro", + "en": "This part showed the rape on leafy Ida and the famed flight of the boy; presently he was standing joyfully at the table in heaven, nay, even Joves armour-bearer himself quaffs the beguiling draught from the Phrygians ministering hand." + }, + { + "id": 15394, + "la": "tunc ensem notumque ferens insigne Thoantis accipe ait, bellis mediaeque ut pulvere pugnae sim comes, Aetnaei genitor quae flammea gessit dona dei, nunc digna tuis adiungier armis", + "en": "Next she bears the sword of Thoas, with its renowned emblem: Take it, she said, that I may be by thy side in wartime and in the dust where the battle is thickest, the flaming gift of Aetnas god that my father bore; worthy to be worn now along with thine own arms." + }, + { + "id": 15395, + "la": "i, memor i terrae, quae vos amplexa quieto prima sinu; refer et domitis a Colchidos oris vela per hunc utero quem linquis Iasona nostro.", + "en": "Go now, go, but forget not the land that first folded you to its peaceful bosom; and from Colchis conquered shores bring back hither thy sails, I pray thee, by this Jason whom thou leavest in my womb." + }, + { + "id": 15396, + "la": "sic ait Haemonii labens in colla mariti", + "en": "So spake she, and sank upon the neck of her Haemonian husband." + }, + { + "id": 15397, + "la": "nec minus Orphea tristis cervice tuaque, Aeacide, et gemino coniunx a Castore pendet", + "en": "Not less sadly hung his wife on Orpheus neck, and thine on thee, thou son of Aeacus,1 and theirs on Castor and Castors twin." + }, + { + "id": 15398, + "la": "Has inter lacrimas legitur piger uncus harenis: iam remi rapuere ratem, iam flamina portant; spumea subsequitur fugientis semita clavi", + "en": "Amid this weeping the sluggish anchor is raised from the sand: already the oars have sped the vessel forward, already the breezes bear her on; the wake of the fleeing helm is a path of foam." + }, + { + "id": 15399, + "la": "tunc tenuis Lemnos crescitque Electria tellus Threiciis arcana sacris; hic numinis ingens horror et incautis decreta piacula linguis", + "en": "Then Lemnos grows faint and Electras island1 grows larger, guarding the secret of Thracian rites; for here dwells the great and terrible god, and here are ordained penalties for an unguarded tongue." + }, + { + "id": 15400, + "la": "hanc demissa Iovi non umquam laedere fluctu audet hiemps: sponte ipse deus tunc asperat undas, cum vetat infidos sua litora tangere nautas", + "en": "No storm sent by Jove ever dares to beat with its billows upon this land; of his own will the god makes fierce his waves, what time he would forbid faithless sailors to touch his shores." + }, + { + "id": 15401, + "la": "obvius at Minyas terris adytisque sacerdos excipit hospitibus reserans secreta Thyotes", + "en": "But Thyotes the priest meets the Minyae and bids them welcome to the land and to the temples, revealing their mysteries to his guests." + }, + { + "id": 15402, + "la": "hactenus in populos vati, Samothraca, diemque missa mane, sacrisque metum servemus opertis", + "en": "Thus much, Samothrace, has the poet proclaimed thee to the nations and the light of day; there stay, and let us keep our reverence for holy mysteries." + }, + { + "id": 15403, + "la": "illi sole novo laeti plenique deorum considunt transtris", + "en": "The Minyae, rejoicing in the new light of the sun and full of their heavenly visions, seat themselves upon the thwarts." + }, + { + "id": 15404, + "la": "iam quas praeviderat urbes navita condebat, proraeque accesserat Imbros, et sol aetherias medius conscenderat arces", + "en": "Now the cities they had seen ahead sank out of sight, and lmbros came up before the prow, and the sun in mid course had scaled heavens towers." + }, + { + "id": 15405, + "la": "Thessala Dardaniis tunc primum puppis harenis appulit et fatis Sigeo litore sedit", + "en": "Then for the first time a Thessalian ship put in to the Dardanian strand, and at fates bidding rested on the shore of Sigeum." + }, + { + "id": 15406, + "la": "desiliunt: pars hinc levibus candentia velis castra levat; trito pars frangit adorea saxo farra; citum strictis alius de cautibus ignem obtendit foliis et sulphure pascit amico", + "en": "They leapt forth; thereupon some raise light tents with the white sails; some grind spelt with a stone drawn to and fro; others to plucked leaves show fire swiftly struck from flints, and feed it with friendly sulphur." + }, + { + "id": 15407, + "la": "Alcides Telamonque comes dum litora blando anfractu sinuosa legunt, vox attigit aures flebile succedens, cum fracta remurmurat unda", + "en": "While Hercules with Telamon at his side passed along the shore that broke back in a pleasant inlet, a voice fell upon their ears, ever and anon sounding mournfully as each wave broke and murmured away again." + }, + { + "id": 15408, + "la": "attoniti pressere gradum vacuumque secuntur vocis iter; iam certa sonat, desertaque durae virgo neci quem non hominum superumque vocabat?", + "en": "Full of amaze they went slowly, following the viewless track of the voice; now it sounds distinct: a maiden abandoned to a cruel death was calling all men and gods to help her." + }, + { + "id": 15409, + "la": "acrius hoc instare viri succurrere certi; qualiter, implevit gemitu cum taurus acerbo avia, frangentem morsu super alta leonem terga ferens, coit e sparso concita mapali agrestum manus et caeco clamore coloni", + "en": "At this the heroes press on more keenly, resolved to bring succour; even as when a bull fills the wild places with his harsh bellowing, as he bears upon his high back a lion that rends him with his jaws, there rouses and gathers from the scattered huts a band of countryfolk and husbandmen with bewildered shouts." + }, + { + "id": 15410, + "la": "constitit Alcides, visuque enisus in alta rupe truces manicas defectaque virginis ora cernit et ad primos turgentia lumina fletus; exanimum veluti multa tamen arte coactum maeret ebur, Pariusve notas et nomina sumit cum lapis aut liquidi referunt miranda colores", + "en": "Hercules halted, and straining his gaze upwards sees upon a high crag galling shackles and the worn face of a maiden, her eyes brimful to the verge of weeping; just as when lifeless ivory is yet constrained by mastering skill to weep, or Parian marble assumes mans lineaments and person, or flowing colours bring wonders before us." + }, + { + "id": 15411, + "la": "ductor ait: quod, virgo, tibi nomenque genusque, quae sors ista, doce tendunt cur vincula palmas?", + "en": "The hero spoke: Maiden, what is thy name and thy family? what lot is thine, tell me? wherefore do gyves strain thy hands?" + }, + { + "id": 15412, + "la": "illa tremens tristique oculos deiecta pudore non ego digna malis inquit; suprema parentum dona vides, ostro scopulos auroque frequentes", + "en": "Trembling and casting down her eyes in sorrow and shame she replied: I do not deserve these sufferings; thou seest here the last gifts of my parents, these rocks covered over1 with purple and gold." + }, + { + "id": 15413, + "la": "nos Ili felix quondam genus, invida donec Laomedonteos fugeret Fortuna penates", + "en": "Our stock sprang of Ilus, happy once until envious Fortune deserted the home of Laomedon." + }, + { + "id": 15414, + "la": "principio morbi caeloque exacta sereno temperies, arsere rogis certantibus agri, cum subitus fragor et fluctus Idaea moventes cum stabulis nemora", + "en": "First of all there fell a sickness and the temperate airs were driven from the clear sky; the country blazed with pyre rivalling pyre, when there burst forth a roar, and waves that made all Idas forests with their lairs shudder." + }, + { + "id": 15415, + "la": "ecce repens consurgere ponto belua, monstrum ingens; hanc tu nec molibus ullis nec nostro metire mari", + "en": "Lo! of a sudden there rose from the sea a beast, of monstrous bulk; not by any mountain, not by the sea we know couldst thou measure it." + }, + { + "id": 15416, + "la": "primaeva furenti huic manus amplexus inter planctusque parentum deditur", + "en": "A band of young maidens is sacrificed to its rage amid the tears and embraces of their parents." + }, + { + "id": 15417, + "la": "hoc sortes, hoc corniger imperat Hammon, virgineam damnare animam sortitaque Lethen corpora; crudelis scopulis me destinat urna", + "en": "This the lot, this doth horned Ammon command'that a maidens life and her body that drew deaths lot be doomed; tis I whom the cruel urn condemns to the rocks." + }, + { + "id": 15418, + "la": "verum o iam redeunt Phrygibus si numina tuque ille ades auguriis promisse et sorte deorum, iam cui candentes votivo in gramine pascit cornipedes genitor, nostrae stata dona salutis, adnue meque, precor, defectaque Pergama monstris eripe, namque potes; neque enim tam lata videbam pectora, Neptunus muros cum iungeret astris, nec tales umeros pharetramque gerebat Apollo.", + "en": "But oh! if once again Heaven inclines to the Phrygians, and if thou art he whose coming augury and Heavens omens promised, he for whom my father now feeds snow-white horses in the pasture of his vow, the pledged reward for saving my life, say Yea and rescue both me and wasted Troy from the dragon, for so thou canst; since never did I behold so broad a breast while Neptune was raising the walls to meet the stars, nor had Apollo such mighty shoulders or such a quiver." + }, + { + "id": 15419, + "la": "auxerat haec locus et facies maestissima capti litoris et tumuli caelumque, quod incubat urbi, quale laborantis Nemees iter aut Erymanthi vidit et infectae miseratus flumina Lernae", + "en": "The place lent strength to her words, the doleful aspect too of the captive shore, the funeral pyres and the sky that brooded oer the city; even such to his pitying eyes had seemed the path to Nemea and Erymanthus and Lernas poisoned meres." + }, + { + "id": 15420, + "la": "Dat procul interea signum Neptunus et una monstriferi mugire sinus Sigeaque pestis adglomerare fretum, cuius stellantia glauca lumina nube tremunt, atque ordine curva trisulco fulmineus quatit ora fragor, pelagoque remenso cauda redit, passosque sinus rapit ardua cervix", + "en": "Meanwhile far off Neptune gave the signal, and at the same moment a roar came from the gulf, the dragons home, and the curse of Sigeum drove the waters on a heap, while its flashing eyes flicker beneath a blue-grey film,2 and a sound of thunder shakes the maw circled with a triple row of fangs, as its tail reaches backward over the sea it has covered, and the proud neck sweeps the streaming coils onward." + }, + { + "id": 15421, + "la": "illam incumbentem per mille volumina pontus prosequitur lateri adsultans, trepidisque ruentem litoribus sua cogit hiemps", + "en": "The burden of its thousand folds is upon the waters, and they lap its flanks and move with it, while the storm it makes drives it speeding forward to the terror-stricken shores." + }, + { + "id": 15422, + "la": "non fluctibus aequis nubiferi venit unda Noti, non Africus alto tantus ovat patriisque manus cum plenus habenis Orion bipedum flatu mare tollit equorum", + "en": "Not so mighty are the billows when the sea comes in beneath the cloud-compelling South wind, not so fiercely exults the South-west wind upon the main, nor Orion when grasping his fathers reins he heaves the sea with the snorting of his two-hooved horses." + }, + { + "id": 15423, + "la": "ecce ducem placitae furiis crudescere pugnae surgentemque toris stupet immanemque paratu Aeacides pulsentque graves ut terga pharetrae", + "en": "Lo! Telamon stands in amaze at the hero growing fiercer with the frenzy of the chosen battle, at the swelling muscles and the body so huge in its armour, and how the loaded quiver smites his back." + }, + { + "id": 15424, + "la": "ille patrem pelagique deos suaque arma precatus insiluit scopulo, motumque e sedibus aequor horruit et celsi spatiosa volumina monstri, qualis ubi a gelidi Boreas convallibus Hebri tollitur et volucres Riphaea per ardua nubes praecipitat, piceo necdum tenet omnia caelo", + "en": "But he, with a prayer to his father and the gods of the sea and his own weapons, leapt upon a rock, while he shuddered at the sea stirred to its depths and the towering dragons vast coils: even as the North wind, when it rises from the ravines of Hebrus and hurls the flying clouds across the Riphaean peaks, but not yet does it cover the world with a pitchy sky." + }, + { + "id": 15425, + "la": "illa simul molem horrificam scopulosaque terga promovet ingentique umbra subit; intremere Iden inlidique putes pronasque resurgere turres", + "en": "At the same instant the beast reared its awful bulk and its mountainous back, drawing nearer with its huge shadow; one would think all Ida trembled and was being dashed in pieces and that towers overthrown rose up again." + }, + { + "id": 15426, + "la": "occupat Alcides arcum totaque pharetrae nube premit", + "en": "Hercules grasped his bow and plied it with all his cloud of arrows." + }, + { + "id": 15427, + "la": "non illa magis quam sede movetur magnus Eryx, deferre velint quem vallibus imbres", + "en": "It stirred no more than great Eryx from its foundations, when the rains would wash it down into the valleys." + }, + { + "id": 15428, + "la": "iam brevis et telo volucri non utilis aer", + "en": "Now the space is short, and useless for the flying shaft." + }, + { + "id": 15429, + "la": "tum vero fremitus vanique insania coepti et tacitus pudor et rursus pallescere virgo: proicit arma manu, scopulos vicinaque saxa respicit, et quantum ventis adiuta vetustas impulerat pontive fragor, tantum abscidit imi concutiens a sede maris", + "en": "Oh, then he groaned! the madness of that vain task! the silent shame, and the maiden pale once more; he casts his weapons from him, bethinks him of the rocks and stones at hand, and any that time with the winds help or the crashing sea had loosened, he breaks off, wrenching them from the bottom of the deep sea." + }, + { + "id": 15430, + "la": "iamque agmine toto pistris adest miseraeque inhiat iam proxima praedae", + "en": "And now the monster is upon them with all its coils, now closer than ever it gapes upon its wretched victim." + }, + { + "id": 15431, + "la": "stat mediis elatus aquis recipitque ruentem Alcides saxoque prior surgentia colla obruit; hinc validos nodosi roboris ictus congeminat; fluctus defertur belua in imos iam totis resoluta vadis;", + "en": "High in the midst of the waters stands Hercules, awaiting its onset, and swifter than the neck can rise he strikes it down with a rock; then redoubles the shattering blows of his knotted club, until the beast sinks beneath the waves, its coils slackening along all the shallows;" + }, + { + "id": 15432, + "la": "Idaeaque mater et chorus et summis ulularunt collibus amnes", + "en": "the Idaean mother with her votaries and the rivers from the hill-tops raise lament." + }, + { + "id": 15433, + "la": "protinus e scopulis et opaca valle resurgunt pastores magnisque petunt clamoribus urbem", + "en": "Straightway the shepherds rise up from the crags and out of the shade of the valley, and with loud shouts make towards the city." + }, + { + "id": 15434, + "la": "nuntius hinc socios Telamon vocat, ac simul ipsi horrescunt subitoque vident in sanguine puppem", + "en": "Thereupon Telamon brought the tidings and called his comrades, while themselves they shudder to see the vessel in a sudden tide of blood." + }, + { + "id": 15435, + "la": "nec minus in scopulos crudique cacumina saxi emicat Alcides vinclisque tenentibus aufert virgineas de rupe manus aptatque superbis arma umeris; regem inde petens superabat ovante litora tuta gradu, qualis per pascua victor ingreditur, tum colla tumens, tum celsior armis taurus, ubi adsueti pecoris stabula alta revisit et patrium nemus et bello quos ultus amores", + "en": "Straightway too Hercules springs up the crags to the top of the harsh rock, and frees the maidens hands from the fetters that bind her to the cliff, and girds his armour on his vaunting shoulders. Thence with triumphant steps he passes across the safe shore to meet the king; even as through the pastures stalks the victorious bull, with swelling neck and towering shoulders, when he returns to the high fold of the herd he knows, and the woods of his home and the loved one he has avenged in battle." + }, + { + "id": 15436, + "la": "Obvia cui contra longis emersa tenebris turba Phrygum parvumque trahens cum coniuge natum Laomedon; iam maestus equos, iam debita posci dona gemit", + "en": "Then came out to meet him on his way a throng of Phrygians released from their long night, and Laomedon with his wife leading his little son; sadly he laments that his horses, the due reward, are now claimed." + }, + { + "id": 15437, + "la": "pars aerii fastigia muri cingit et ignotis iuvenem mirantur in armis", + "en": "Some of the folk fill the circuit of the soaring walls and marvel at the hero in his strange armour." + }, + { + "id": 15438, + "la": "illum torva tuens atque acri lubricus astu rex subit et patrio fatur male laetus amore: maxime Graiugenum, quem non Sigea petentem litora nec nostrae miserantem funera Troiae appulit his fors ipsa locis, si vera parentem fama Iovem summique tibi genus esse Tonantis, noster ades iunctisque venis; sator unus et idem stirpis honos, quamquam longis disiungimur oris", + "en": "With grim look the king, all treachery and subtle cunning, comes to him, and, half-hearted in his joy, speaks as with a fathers love: Mightiest of the sons of Greece, whom, when thou soughtest not Sigeums shores and knewest no pity for the doom of our Troy, chance alone drove to this region, if the tale be true that Jove is thy sire and that thy stock is of the Thunderer king, of our kin art thou, and to kinsmen comest thou: our sire was one and the same, and one the glory of our race, even though we dwell sundered by distant shores." + }, + { + "id": 15439, + "la": "quot mihi post lacrimas, post quanta piacula patrum serus ades! quam parva tuis iam gloria factis! verum age nunc socios fraternis moenibus infer; crastina lux biiuges stabulis ostendat apertis dixerat haec;", + "en": "After how many tears of mine, after how many a fathers sacrifice1 thou art come at length! How slight now2 is the glory of thy deeds! But come, bring thy comrades within our brotherly walls; let to-morrows light unbar their stalls and show thee the horses. He ceased;" + }, + { + "id": 15440, + "la": "tacitosque dolos dirumque volutat corde nefas, clausum ut thalamis somnoque gravatum immolet et rapta ludat responsa pharetra: namque bis Herculeis deberi Pergama telis audierat", + "en": "but silently in his heart he ponders treachery and a hateful crime: how he may slay him in his chamber, when sleep has overpowered him, and may seize his quiver and cheat the oracle: for he had heard that twice must Troy fall victim to the shafts of Hercules." + }, + { + "id": 15441, + "la": "Priami sed quis iam avertere regnis fata queat? manet immotis nox Dorica lustris et genus Aeneadum et Troiae melioris honores", + "en": "But who now can change the destiny of Priams kingdom? Fixed in the unstirred ages stands the night of the Dorians,3 the race of the Aeneadae and the glories of a better Troy." + }, + { + "id": 15442, + "la": "nos ait ad Scythici Tirynthius ostia ponti raptat iter; mox huc vestras revehemur ad oras donaque dicta feram.", + "en": "Our journey, the hero of Tiryns answered, hurries us to the mouth of the Scythian sea; soon shall we return hither to your shores, and I will take the gift thou hast promised." + }, + { + "id": 15443, + "la": "tum vero plura vocatis adnuit ille deis: promissa infida tyranni iam Phryges et miserae flebant discrimina Troiae", + "en": "Then indeed did the other, calling heaven to witness, vow yet more, while the Phrygians wept to hear the treacherous promises of their lord and the peril to unhappy Troy." + }, + { + "id": 15444, + "la": "Panditur hinc totis in noctem carbasus alis, litoraque et veteris tumulus praelabitur Ili Dardaniusque pater; vigili simul omnia ludo festa vident; hinc unda sacris hinc ignibus Ide vibrat et horrisonae respondent Gargara buxo", + "en": "Thereafter the sail spread all its wings into the night, and the shores and the tombs of ancient Ilus and of Dardanus his sire glide by: and all the while they mark the country awake and making merry in games; on the one side the sea, on the other Ida flashes with the fire of sacrifice, and Gargara echoes back the fierce sound of the flute." + }, + { + "id": 15445, + "la": "inde ubi iam medii tenuere silentia ponti stridentesque iuvant aurae, Phrixea subibant aequora et angustas quondam sine nomine fauces", + "en": "Then when they had gained the silences of mid-sea and the sounding winds were favourable, they entered Phrixus sea and the narrow gorges that of yore had no name." + }, + { + "id": 15446, + "la": "ecce autem prima volucrem sub luce dehiscens terruit unda ratem, vittataque constitit Helle, iam Panopes Thetidisque soror, iamque aurea laeva sceptra tenens", + "en": "But lo! as dawn was breaking, the waves opened and scared the flying ship, and there stood before them Helle5 chapleted, the sister now of Panope and Thetis, and holding in her left hand a golden sceptre." + }, + { + "id": 15447, + "la": "tum sternit aquas proceresque ducemque aspicit et placidis compellat Iasona dictis", + "en": "Then she lulled the waves, and looking upon the captains and their leader accosted Jason with gentle words:" + }, + { + "id": 15448, + "la": "te quoque ab Haemoniis ignota per aequora terris regna infesta domus fatisque simillima nostris fata ferunt; iterum Aeolios Fortuna penates spargit et infelix Scythicum gens quaeritis amnem", + "en": "Thou too art being driven from Haemonia across strange seas by an unfriendly kingdom at home and a destiny like mine; once more doth Fortune banish the offspring of Aeolus, and you, ill-starred folk, are seeking the Scythian river." + }, + { + "id": 15449, + "la": "vasta super tellus, longum (ne defice coeptis) aequor, et ipse procul, verum dabit ostia Phasis", + "en": "A vast land is still before thee, a measureless sea (falter not in what thou hast begun), and Phasis itself lies far off, yet it will grant thee entrance." + }, + { + "id": 15450, + "la": "hic nemus arcanum geminaeque virentibus arae stant tumulis; hic prima pia sollemnia Phrixo ferte manu cinerique, precor, mea reddite dicta: non ego per Stygiae quod rere silentia ripae, frater, agor; frustra vacui scrutaris Averni, care, vias", + "en": "In that spot is a secret glade, and twin altars piled of turf: there pay the first rites to Phrixus as is due, and, I pray you, bear these my words to his dust: My brother, I wander not, as thou fanciest, through the silence of the Stygian shore; vainly, dear one, dost thou search the paths of empty Avernus." + }, + { + "id": 15451, + "la": "neque enim scopulis me et fluctibus actam frangit hiemps; celeri extemplo subiere ruentem Cymothoe Glaucusque manu; pater ipse profundi has etiam sedes, haec numine tradidit aequo regna nec Inois noster sinus invidet undis.", + "en": "For no storm bruises me tossed upon rocks and waves; straightway as I fell, Cymothoe and Glaucus came swift to my succour; this abode too, this realm the father of the deep himself awarded me, willing justly, and our gulf envies not Inos sea." + }, + { + "id": 15452, + "la": "dixerat, et maestos tranquilla sub aequora vultus cum gemitu tulit, ut patrii rediere dolores", + "en": "She ceased, and with a sigh hid her sad countenance beneath the calm waters, as the thought of her fathers grief came back to her." + }, + { + "id": 15453, + "la": "tum pelago vina invergens dux talibus infit: undarum decus et gentis, Cretheia virgo, pande viam cursuque tuos age, diva, secundo.", + "en": "Then the prince poured wine upon the sea, and thus began: Daughter of Cretheus, pride of the sea and of our stock, open our path, and, O goddess, prosper thy kinsmens voyage!" + }, + { + "id": 15454, + "la": "immittitque ratem mediasque intervolat urbes qua brevibus furit aestus aquis Asiamque prementem effugit abruptis Europa immanior oris", + "en": "Then onward he steered the ship, and flew on between cities on either hand, where the race boils with its narrow waters, and Europe, grimmer with its cliffs, breaks away from pursuing Asia.1" + }, + { + "id": 15455, + "la": "has etiam terras consertaque gentibus arva sic pelago pulsante, reor, Neptunia quondam cuspis et adversi longus labor abscidit aevi, ut Siculum Libycumque latus, stupuitque fragore Ianus et occiduis regnator montibus Atlans", + "en": "These lands too, these fields with their once linked peoples lashed by the ocean, Neptunes trident, I think, and the slow workings of time the enemy sundered of yore, even as they did the shores of Sicily and Libya, when Janus1 and Atlas, lord of the sunset mountains, were struck aghast at the crash." + }, + { + "id": 15456, + "la": "iam iuga Percotes Pariumque infame fragosis exuperant Pityamque vadis, transmissaque puppi Lampsacus, Ogygii quam nec trieterica Bacchi sacra neque arcanis Phrygius furor invehit antris, sed suus in Venerem raptat deus", + "en": "And now they win past the ridges of Percote, and Parium ill-famed from its booming shoals, Pitya too, and Lampsacus sent sternwards, Lampsacus whose dwellers no triennial festival of Bacchus nor Phrygian madness bids gather in secret caverns, but their own god2 hales them to Venus." + }, + { + "id": 15457, + "la": "illius aras urbe super celsique vident caelamina templi", + "en": "High over the city they see his altars and the carvings of his towering shrine." + }, + { + "id": 15458, + "la": "rarior hinc tellus atque ingens undique caelum rursus et incipiens alium prospectus in orbem", + "en": "Then land grew less, and again the great vault of sky was all about them, and they began to look forth into another world." + }, + { + "id": 15459, + "la": "terra sinu medio Pontum iacet inter et Hellen ceu fundo prolata maris; namque improba caecis intulit arva vadis longoque per aequora dorso litus agit: tenet hinc veterem confinibus oris pars Phrygiam, pars discreti iuga pinea montis", + "en": "Midway upon the gulf between Pontus and Helle lies a land, as it were cast up from the bottom of the sea; for its fields are boldly set amid treacherous shallows and it drives its shore in a long ridge over the waters: one end is set towards ancient Phrygia whose shores meet it; the other is a mountain, forest-clothed and apart." + }, + { + "id": 15460, + "la": "nec procul ad tenuis surgit confinia ponti urbs placidis demissa iugis; rex divitis agri Cyzicus", + "en": "Not far off by the borders of the shallow sea there rises a city, built down from the gentle slopes; the king of that rich land was Cyzicus." + }, + { + "id": 15461, + "la": "Haemoniae qui tum nova signa carinae ut videt, ipse ultro primas procurrit ad undas miraturque viros dextramque amplexus et haerens incipit o terris nunc primum cognita nostris Aemathiae manus et fama mihi maior imago", + "en": "And he, as soon as he descried the strange portent of the Haemonian ship, of his own accord made haste down to the waters edge, and gazed in wonder at the heroes, and as he clasped and clung to their right hands he thus began: O ye from Emathia, strangers to our land till now, methinks the sight of you is even greater than rumour." + }, + { + "id": 15462, + "la": "non tamen haec adeo semota neque ardua tellus regnaque iam populis impervia lucis eoae, cum tales intrasse duces, tot robora cerno", + "en": "Yet this land is not so remote, nor so hard to attain unto, nor are the kingdoms of the morning any more so inaccessible to man, when I see captains such as ye are, and so many mighty men set foot upon them." + }, + { + "id": 15463, + "la": "nam licet hinc saevas tellus alat horrida gentes meque fremens tumido circumfluat ore Propontis, vestra fides ritusque pares et mitia cultu his etiam mihi corda locis; procul effera virtus Bebrycis et Scythici procul inclementia sacri.", + "en": "For though on one side a rugged land breeds savage peoples, and though thundering Propontis with its tossing estuary flows round me, yet here I too find loyalty like your own; alike our worship, and hearts too nurtured in kindness; far from us is the frenzied courage of Bebryx, and the cruelty of the Scythian sacrifice." + }, + { + "id": 15464, + "la": "sic memorat laetosque rapit, simul hospita pandi tecta iubet templisque sacros largitur honores", + "en": "Thus speaking he hurries on his delighted guests, bidding all men open their doors to them in friendship, while to the temples he pays the tribute of offerings." + }, + { + "id": 15465, + "la": "stant gemmis auroque tori mensaeque paratu regifico centumque pares primaeva ministri corpora; pars epulas manibus, pars aurea gestant pocula bellorum casus expressa recentum", + "en": "Couches, jewelled and gilded, stand ready, and tables royally dight, and a hundred youthful slaves of equal years; some bear on the meats, some bring cups embossed with the fortunes of late wars." + }, + { + "id": 15466, + "la": "atque ea prima duci porgens carchesia Graio Cyzicus hic portus inquit mihi territat hostis, has acies sub nocte refert, haec versa Pelasgum terga vides, meus hic ratibus qui pascitur ignis.", + "en": "Then Cyzicus reached forward and gave one of these goblets first to the Graian prince, and said: Lo! here the enemy is affrighting our harbour, and here beneath the cover of night he renews the battle, and here, see! the backs of the Pelasgians in rout; this fire that devours the rafts is mine." + }, + { + "id": 15467, + "la": "subicit Aesonides utinam nunc ira Pelasgos adferat et solitis temptet concurrere furtis cunctaque se ratibus fundat manus: arma videbis hospita nec post hanc ultra tibi proelia noctem.", + "en": "Aesons son rejoined: Oh, would that anger might bring the Pelasgians hither now, and that they would try to meet us with their wonted craft, and that all the host would pour forth from their ships: then shalt thou see thy guests in arms, and no more after this night shalt thou live in fear of battles!" + }, + { + "id": 15468, + "la": "sic ait hasque inter variis nox plurima dictis rapta vices nec non simili lux postera tractu", + "en": "So he spoke, and thus in the interchange of converse and in manifold discourse a great part of the night was sped, and the day following spent they in like manner." + }, + { + "id": 15469, + "la": "Epeus tempestate distractus a duce suo Nestore Metapontum condidit", + "en": "Epeus,a separated by a storm from Nestor, his chief, founded Metapontum." + }, + { + "id": 15470, + "la": "Teucer, non receptus a patre Telamone ob segnitiam non vindicatae fratris iniuriae, Cyprum adpulsus cognominem patriae suae Salamina constituit", + "en": "Teucer, disowned by his father Telamon because of his laxity in not avenging the wrong done to his brother,b was driven to Cyprus and founded Salamis, named after the place of his birth." + }, + { + "id": 15471, + "la": "Pyrrhus, Achillis filius, Epirum occupavit, Phidippus Ephyram in Thesprotia", + "en": "Pyrrhus, the son of Achilles, established himself in Epirus; Phidippus in Ephyra in Thesprotia." + }, + { + "id": 15472, + "la": "At rex regum Agamemnon tempestate in Cretam insulam reiectus tres ibi urbes statuit, duas a patriae nomine, unam a victoriae memoria, Mycenas, Tegeam, Pergamum", + "en": "Agamemnon, king of kings, cast by a tempest upon the island of Crete, founded there three cities, two of which, Mycenae and Tegea, were named after towns in his own country, and the other was called Pergamum in commemoration of his victory." + }, + { + "id": 15473, + "la": "Idem mox scelere patruelis fratris Aegisthi, hereditarium exercentis in eum odium, et facinore uxoris oppressus occiditur", + "en": "Agamemnon was soon afterwards struck down and slain by the infamous crime of Aegisthus, his cousin, who still kept up against him the feud of his house, and by the wicked act of his wife." + }, + { + "id": 15474, + "la": "Regni potitur Aegisthus per annos septem", + "en": "Aegisthus maintained possession of the kingdom for seven years." + }, + { + "id": 15475, + "la": "Hunc Orestes matremque socia consiliorum omnium sorore Electra, virilis animi femina, obtruncat", + "en": "Orestes slew Aegisthus and his own mother, seconded in all his plans by his sister Electra, a woman with the courage of a man." + }, + { + "id": 15476, + "la": "Factum eius a diis comprobatum spatio vitae et felicitate imperii apparuit; quippe vixit annis nonaginta, regnavit septuaginta", + "en": "That his deed had the approval of the gods was made clear by the length of his life and the felicity of his reign, since he lived ninety years and reigned seventy." + }, + { + "id": 15477, + "la": "Quin se etiam a Pyrrho Achillis filio virtute vindicavit; nam quod pactae eius Menelai atque Helenae filiae Hermiones nuptias occupaverat, Delphis eum interfecit", + "en": "Furthermore, he also took revenge upon Pyrrhus the son of Achilles in fair fight, for he slew him at Delphi because he had forestalled him in marrying Hermione, the daughter of Menelaus and Helen who had been pledged to himself." + }, + { + "id": 15478, + "la": "Per haec tempora Lydus et Tyrrhenus frates cum regnarent in Lydia, sterilitate frugum compulsi sortiti sunt, uter cum parte multitudinis patria decederet", + "en": "About this time two brothers, Lydus and Tyrrhenus, were joint kings in Lydia. Hard pressed by the unproductiveness of their crops, they drew lots to see which should leave his country with part of the population." + }, + { + "id": 15479, + "la": "Sors Tyrrhenum contigit", + "en": "The lot fell upon Tyrrhenus." + }, + { + "id": 15480, + "la": "Pervectus in Italiam et loco et incolis et mari nobile ac perpetuum a se nomen dedit", + "en": "He sailed to Italy, and from him the place wherein he settled, its inhabitants, and the sea received their famous and their lasting names." + }, + { + "id": 15481, + "la": "Post Orestis interitum filii eius Penthilus et Tisamenus regnavere triennio", + "en": "After the death of Orestes his sons Penthilus and Tisamenus reigned for three years." + }, + { + "id": 15482, + "la": "Tum fere anno octogesimo post Troiam captam, centesimo et vicesimo quam Hercules ad deos excesserat, Pelopis progenies, quae omni hoc tempore pulsis Heraclidis Peloponnesi imperium obtinuerat, ab Herculis progenie expellitur", + "en": "About eighty years after the capture of Troy,b and a hundred and twenty after Hercules had departed to the gods, the descendants of Pelops, who, during all this time had held sway in the Peloponnesus after they had driven out the descendants of Hercules, were again in turn driven out by them." + }, + { + "id": 15483, + "la": "Duces recuperandi imperii fuere Temenus, Cresphontes, Aristodemus, quorum abavus fuerat", + "en": "The leaders in the recovery of the sovereignty were Temenus, Cresphontes, and Aristodemus, the great-great-grandsons of Hercules." + }, + { + "id": 15484, + "la": "Eodem fere tempore Athenae sub regibus esse desierunt, quarum ultimus rex fuit Codrus, Melanthi filius, vir non praetereundus", + "en": "It was about this timea that Athens ceased to be governed by kings. The last king of Athens was Codrus the son of Melanthus, a man whose story cannot be passed over." + }, + { + "id": 15485, + "la": "Quippe cum Lacedaemonii gravi bello Atticos premerent respondissetque Pythius, quorum dux ab hoste esset occisus, eos futuros superiores, deposita veste regia pastoralem cultum induit, immixtusque castris hostium, de industria rixam ciens, imprudenter interemptus est", + "en": "Athens was hard pressed in war by the Lacedaemonians, and the Pythian oracle had given the response that the side whose general should be killed by the enemy would be victorious. Codrus, therefore, laying aside his kingly robes and donning the garb of a shepherd, made his way into the camp of the enemy, deliberately provoked a quarrel, and was slain without being recognized." + }, + { + "id": 15486, + "la": "Codrum cum morte aeterna gloria, Atheniensis secuta victoria est", + "en": "By his death Codrus gained immortal fame, and the Athenians the victory." + }, + { + "id": 15487, + "la": "Quis eum non miretur, qui iis artibus mortem quaesierit, quibus ab ignavis vita quaeri solet? Huius filius Medon primus archon Athenis fuit", + "en": "Who could withhold admiration from the man who sought death by the selfsame artifice by which cowards seek life? His son Medon was the first archon at Athens." + }, + { + "id": 15488, + "la": "Ab hoc posteri apud Atticos dicti Medontidae, sed hic insequentesque archontes usque ad Charopem, dum viverent, eum honorem usurpabant", + "en": "It was after him that the archons who followed himb were called Medontidae among the people of Attica. Medon and all the succeeding archons until Charops continued to hold that office for life." + }, + { + "id": 15489, + "la": "Peloponnesii digredientes finibus Atticis Megara, mediam Corintho Athenisque urbem, condidere", + "en": "The Peloponnesians, when they withdrew from Attic territory, founded Megara, a city midway between Corinth and Athens." + }, + { + "id": 15490, + "la": "Ea tempestate et Tyria classis, plurimum pollens mari, in ultimo Hispaniae tractu, in extremo nostri orbis termino, in insula circumfusa Oceano, perexiguo a continenti divisa freto, Gadis condidit", + "en": "About this time, also, the fleet of Tyre, which controlled the sea, founded in the farthest district of Spain, on the remotest confines of our world, the city of Cadiz, on an island in the ocean separated from the mainland by a very narrow strait." + }, + { + "id": 15491, + "la": "Ab iisdem post paucos annos in Africa Utica condita est", + "en": "The Tyrians a few years later also founded Utica in Africa." + }, + { + "id": 15492, + "la": "Exclusi ab Heraclidis Orestis liberi iactatique cum variis casibus tum saevitia maris quinto decimo anno sedem cepere circa Lesbum insulam", + "en": "The sons of Orestes, expelled by the Heraclidae, were driven about by many vicissitudes and by raging storms at sea, and, in the fifteenth year, finally settled on and about the island of Lesbos." + }, + { + "id": 15493, + "la": "Tum Graecia maximis concussa est motibus", + "en": "Greece was then shaken by mighty disturbances." + }, + { + "id": 15494, + "la": "Achaei ex Laconica pulsi eas occupavere sedes, quas nunc obtinent; Pelasgi Athenas commigravere, acerque belli iuvenis nomine Thessalus, natione Thesprotius, cum magna civium manu eam regionem armis occupavit, quae nunc ab eius nomine Thessalia appellatur, ante Myrmidonum vocitata civitas", + "en": "The Achaeans, driven from Laconia, established themselves in those localities which they occupy to-day. The Pelasgians migrated to Athens, and a warlike youth named Thessalus, of the race of the Thesprotians, with a great force of his fellow-countrymen took armed possession of that region, which, after his name, is now called Thessaly. Hitherto it had been called the state of the Myrmidones." + }, + { + "id": 15495, + "la": "Quo nomine mirari convenit eos, qui Iliaca componentes tempora de ea regione ut Thessalia commemorant", + "en": "On this account, one has a right to be surprised that writers who deal with the times of the Trojan war speak of this region as Thessaly." + }, + { + "id": 15496, + "la": "Quod cum alii faciant, tragici frequentissime faciunt, quibus minime id concedendum est; nihil enim ex persona poetae, sed omnia sub eorum, qui illo tempore vixerunt, disserunt", + "en": "This is a common practice, but especially among the tragic poets, for whom less allowance should be made; for the poets do not speak in person, but entirely through the mouths of characters who lived in the time referred to." + }, + { + "id": 15497, + "la": "Quod si quis a Thessalo Herculis filio eos appellatos Thessalos dicet, reddenda erit ei ratio, cur numquam ante hunc insequentem Thessalum ea gens id nominis usurpaverit", + "en": "But if anyone insists that the people were named Thessalians from Thessalus the son of Hercules, he will have to explain why this people never adopted the name until the time of this second Thessalus." + }, + { + "id": 15498, + "la": "Paulo ante Aletes, sextus ab Hercule, Hippotis filius, Corinthum, quae antea fuerat Ephyre, claustra Peloponnesi continentem, in Isthmo condidit", + "en": "Shortly before these events Aletes, the son of Hippotes, descended from Hercules in the sixth generation, founded upon the isthmus the city of Corinth, the key to the Peloponnesus, on the site of the former Ephyre." + }, + { + "id": 15499, + "la": "Neque est quod miremur ab Homero nominari Corinthum; nam ex persona poetae et hanc urbem et quasdam Ionum colonias iis nominibus appellat, quibus vocabantur aetate eius, multo post Ilium captum conditae", + "en": "There is no need for surprise that Corinth is mentioned by Homer,a for it is in his own person as poet that Homer calls this city and some of the Ionian colonies by the names which they bore in his day, although they were founded long after the capture of Troy" + }, + { + "id": 15500, + "la": "Athenienses in Euboea Chalcida et Eretriam colonis occupavere, Lacedaemonii in Asia Magnesiam", + "en": "The Athenians established colonies at Ghalcis and Eretria in Euboea, and the Lacedaemonians the colony of Magnesia in Asia." + }, + { + "id": 15501, + "la": "Nec multo post Chalcidenses orti, ut praediximus, Atticis Hippocle et Megasthene ducibus Cumas in Italia condiderunt", + "en": "Not long afterwards, the Chalcidians, who, as I have already said, were of Attic origin, founded Cumae in Italy under the leadership of Hippocles and Megasthenes." + }, + { + "id": 15502, + "la": "Huius classis corsum esse directum alii columbae antecedentis volatu ferunt, alii nocturno aeris sono, qualis Cerealibus sacris cieri solet", + "en": "According to some accounts the voyage of this fleet was guided by the flight of a dove which flew before it; according to others by the sound at night of a bronze instrument like that which is beaten at the rites of Ceres." + }, + { + "id": 15503, + "la": "Pars horum civium magno post intervallo Neapolim condidit", + "en": "At a considerably later period, a portion of the citizens of Cumae founded Naples." + }, + { + "id": 15504, + "la": "Utriusque urbis eximia semper in Romanos fides facit eas nobilitate atque amoenitate sua dignissimas", + "en": "The remarkable and unbroken loyalty to the Romans of both these cities makes them well worthy of their repute and of their charming situation." + }, + { + "id": 15505, + "la": "Sed illis diligentior ritus patrii mansit custodia, Cumanos Osca mutavit vicinia", + "en": "The Neapolitans, however, continued the careful observance of their ancestral customs; the Cumans, on the other hand, were changed in character by the proximity of their Oscan neighbours." + }, + { + "id": 15506, + "la": "Vires autem veteres earum urbium hodieque magnitudo ostentat moenium", + "en": "The extent of their walls at the present day serves to reveal the greatness of these cities in the past." + }, + { + "id": 15507, + "la": "Subsequenti tempore magna vis Graecae iuventutis abundantia virium sedes quaeritans in Asiam se effudit", + "en": "At a slightly later date a great number of young Greeks, seeking new abodes because of an excess of population at home, poured into Asia." + }, + { + "id": 15508, + "la": "Nam et Iones duce Ione profecti Athenis nobilissimam partem regionis maritimae occupavere, quae hodieque appellatur Ionia, urbesque constituere Ephesum, Miletum, Colophona, Prienen, Lebedum, Myuntem, Erythram, Clazomenas, Phocaeam, multasque in Aegaeo atque Icario occupavere insulas, Samum, Chium, Andrum, Tenum, Parum, Delum aliasque ignobiles", + "en": "The Ionians, setting out from Athens under the leadership of Ion, occupied the best known portion of the sea-coast, which is now called Ionia, and established the cities of Ephesus, Miletus, Colophon, Priene, Lebedus, Myus, Erythra, Clazomenae, and Phocaea, and occupied many islands in the Aegaean and Icarian seas, namely, Samos, Chios, Andros, Tenos, Paros, Delos, and other islands of lesser note." + }, + { + "id": 15509, + "la": "Et mox Aeolii eadem profecti Graecia longissimisque acti erroribus non minus inlustres obtinuerunt locos clarasque urbes condiderunt, Smyrnam, Cymen, Larissam, Myrinam Mytilenenque et alias urbes, quae sunt in Lesbo insula", + "en": "Not long afterwards the Aeolians also set out from Greece, and after long wanderings took possession of places no less illustrious and founded the famous cities of Smyrna, Cyme, Larissa, Myrina, Mytilene, and other cities on the island of Lesbos." + }, + { + "id": 15510, + "la": "Clarissimum deinde Homeri inluxit ingenium, sine exemplo maximum, qui magnitudine operis et fulgore carminum solus appellari poeta meruit; in quo hoc maximum est, quod neque ante illum, quem ipse imitaretur, neque post illum, qui eum imitari posset, inventus est", + "en": "Then the brilliant genius of Homer burst upon the world, the greatest beyond compare, who by virtue of the magnitude of his work and the brilliance of his poetry alone deserves the name of poet. His highest claim to greatness is that, before his day, no one was found for him to imitate, nor after his day has one been found to imitate him." + }, + { + "id": 15511, + "la": "Neque quemquam alium, cuius operis primus auctor fuerit, in eo perfectissimum praeter Homerum et Archilochum reperiemus", + "en": "Nor shall we find any other poet who achieved perfection in the field in which he was also the pioneer, with the exception of Homer and Archilochus." + }, + { + "id": 15512, + "la": "Hic longius a temporibus belli, quod composuit, Troici, quam quidam rentur, abfuit; nam ferme ante annos nongentos quinquaginta floruit, intra mille natus est", + "en": "Homer lived at a period more remote than some people think from the Trojan war of which he wrote; for he flourished only about nine hundred and fifty years ago, and it is less than a thousand since his birth." + }, + { + "id": 15513, + "la": "Quo nomine non est mirandum, quod saepe illud usurpat 2; hoc enim ut hominum, ita saeculorum notatur differentia", + "en": "It is therefore not surprising that he often uses the expression ,b for by it is denoted the difference, not merely in men, but in ages as well." + }, + { + "id": 15514, + "la": "Quem si quis caecum genitum putat, omnibus sensibus orbus est", + "en": "If any man holds to the view that Homer was born blind, he is himself lacking in all his senses." + }, + { + "id": 15515, + "la": "Insequenti tempore imperium Asiaticum ab Assyriis, qui id obtinuerant annis mille septuaginta, translatum est ad Medos, abhinc annos ferme octingentos septuaginta", + "en": "In the following age'about eight hundred and seventy years agoc'the sovereignty of Asia passed to the Medes from the Assyrians, who had held it for ten hundred and seventy years." + }, + { + "id": 15516, + "la": "Quippe Sardanapalum eorum regem mollitiis fluentem et nimium felicem malo suo, tertio et tricensimo loco ab Nino et Semiramide, qui Babylona condiderant, natum, ita ut semper successor regni paterni foret filius, Arbaces Medus imperio vitaque privavit", + "en": "Indeed, it was their king Sardanapalus, a man enervated by luxurious living, whose excess of fortune was his undoing. Thirty-third,d in direct succession of father and son, from Ninus and Semiramis, who had founded Babylon, he was deprived alike of his empire and of his life by Arbaces the Mede." + }, + { + "id": 15517, + "la": "Ea aetate clarissimus Grai nominis Lycurgus Lacedaemonius, vir generis regii, fuit severissimarum iustissimarumque legum auctor et disciplinae convenientissimae viris, cuius quam diu Sparta diligens fuit, excelsissime floruit", + "en": "At this time lived Lycurgus the Lacedaemonian, one of the most illustrious personages of Greece, a man of royal descent, the author of legislation most severe and most just, and of a discipline excellently adapted for the making of men. As long as Sparta followed it, she flourished in the highest degree." + }, + { + "id": 15518, + "la": "Hoc tractu temporum ante annos quinque et sexaginta quam urbs Romana conderetur, ab Elissa Tyria, quam quidam Dido autumant, Carthago conditur", + "en": "In this period, sixty-five years before the founding of Rome, Carthage was establisheda by the Tyrian Elissa, by some authors called Dido." + }, + { + "id": 15519, + "la": "Circa quod tempus Caranus, vir generis regii, undecimus ab Hercule, profectus Argis regnum Macedoniae occupavit; a quo Magnus Alexander cum fuerit septimus decimus, iure materni generis Achille auctore, paterni Hercule gloriatus est", + "en": "About this time also Caranus, a man of royal race, eleventh in descent from Hercules, set out from Argos and seized the kingship of Macedonia. From him Alexander the Great was descended in the seventeenth generation, and could boast that, on his mothers side, he was descended from Achilles, and, on his fathers side, from Hercules." + }, + { + "id": 15520, + "la": "Aemilius Sura de annis populi Romani: Assyrii principes omnium gentium rerum potiti sunt, deinde Medi, postea Persae, deinde Macedones; exinde duobus regibus Philippo et Antiocho, qui a Macedonibus oriundi erant, haud multo post Carthaginem subactam devictis summa imperii ad populum Romanum pervenit", + "en": "Aemilius Sura says in his book on the chronology of Rome: The Assyrians were the first of all races to hold world power, then the Medes, and after them the Persians, and then the Macedonians. Then through the defeat of Kings Philip and Antiochus, of Macedonian origin, following closely upon the overthrow of Carthage, the world power passed to the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 15521, + "la": "Inter hoc tempus et initium regis Nini Assyriorum, qui princeps rerum potitus est, intersunt anni mdccccxcv", + "en": "Between this time and the beginning of the reign of Ninus king of the Assyrians, who was the first to hold world power, lies an interval of nineteen hundred and ninety-five years." + }, + { + "id": 15522, + "la": "", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 15523, + "la": "Huius temporis aequalis Hesiodus fuit, circa centum et viginti annos distinctus ab Homeri aetate, vir perelegantis ingenii et mollissima dulcedine carminum memorabilis, otii quietisque cupidissimus, ut tempore tanto viro, ita operis auctoritate proximus", + "en": "To this period belonged Hesiod, separated from the age of Homer by about one hundred and twenty years. A man of an exquisite taste, famous for the soft charm of his poems, and an ardent lover of peace and quiet, he ranks next to Homer, not only in point of time, but also in the reverence in which his work is held." + }, + { + "id": 15524, + "la": "Qui vitavit, ne in id quod Homerus incideret, patriamque et parentes testatus est, sed patriam, quia multatus ab ea erat, contumeliosissime", + "en": "Avoiding the mistake which Homer made, he has indeed told us of his country and parents, but of his country, at whose hands he had suffered punishment, he speaks in the most disparaging terms." + }, + { + "id": 15525, + "la": "Dum in externis moror, incidi in rem domesticam maximique erroris et multum discrepantem auctorum opinionibus: nam quidam huius temporis tractu aiunt a Tuscis Capuam Nolamque conditam ante annos fere octingentos et triginta", + "en": "While dwelling on the history of foreign countries, I now come to an event pertaining to our own, one in which there has been much error, and in which the views of the authorities show great discrepancy. For some maintain that about this time, eight hundred and thirty years ago, Capua and Nola were founded by the Etruscans." + }, + { + "id": 15526, + "la": "", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 15527, + "la": "Quibus equidem adsenserim: sed M Cato quantum differt! Qui dicat Capuam ab eisdem Tuscis conditam ac subinde Nolam; stetisse autem Capuam, antequam a Romanis caperetur, annis circiter ducentis et sexaginta", + "en": "With these I myself am inclined to agree, but the opinion of Marcus Cato is vastly different. He admits that Capua, and afterwards Nola, were founded by the Etruscans, but maintains that Capua had been in existence for only about two hundred and sixty years before its capture by the Romans." + }, + { + "id": 15528, + "la": "Quod si ita est, cum sint a Capua capta anni ducenti et quadraginta, ut condita est, anni sunt fere quingenti", + "en": "If this is so, as it is but two hundred and forty years since Capua was taken, it is but five hundred years since it was founded." + }, + { + "id": 15529, + "la": "Ego, pace diligentiae Catonis dixerim, vix crediderim tam mature tantam urbem crevisse, floruisse, concidisse, resurrexisse", + "en": "For my own part, with all due regard for Catos accuracy, I can scarcely believe that the city could have had such growth, such prosperity, or could have fallen and risen again, in so short a space of time." + }, + { + "id": 15530, + "la": "Clarissimum deinde omnium ludicrum certamen et ad excitandam corporis animique virtutem efficacissimum Olympiorum initium habuit, auctorem Iphitum Elium", + "en": "Soon afterward the Olympic games, the most celebrated of all contests in sports, and one which was most effective in developing the qualities both of body and mind, had their beginning under the auspices of Iphitus, king of Elis." + }, + { + "id": 15531, + "la": "Is eos ludos mercatumque instituit ante annos, quam tu, M Vinici, consulatum inires, dcccxxiii", + "en": "He instituted the games and the concourse eight hundred and twenty-three yearsa before your consulship, Marcus Vinicius." + }, + { + "id": 15532, + "la": "Hoc sacrum eodem loco instituisse fertur abhinc annos ferme mille ducentos quinquaginta Atreus, cum Pelopi patri funebres ludos faceret, quo quidem in ludicro omnisque generis certaminum Hercules victor extitit", + "en": "There is a tradition that Atreus began this sacred observance in the same place about twelve hundred and fifty years ago, when he held the funeral games in honour of his father Pelopsb and that at this celebration Hercules was the victor in every class of contest." + }, + { + "id": 15533, + "la": "Tum Athenis perpetui archontes esse desierunt, cum fuisset ultimus Alcmaeon, coeperuntque in denos annos creari", + "en": "It was about this time that the archons at Athens ceased to hold their office for life. Alcmaeon was the last of the life archons." + }, + { + "id": 15534, + "la": "Quae consuetudo in annos septuaginta mansit ac deinde annuis commissa est magistratibus res publica", + "en": "The archons now began to be elected for terms of ten years. This custom continued for seventy years, then the government was entrusted to magistrates elected annually." + }, + { + "id": 15535, + "la": "Ex iis, qui denis annis praefuerunt, primus fuit Charops, ultimus Eryxias, ex annuis primus Creon", + "en": "Charops was the first and Eryxias the last of those who held the office for ten years, and Creon was the first of the annual archons." + }, + { + "id": 15536, + "la": "Sexta olympiade post duo et viginti annos quam prima constituta fuerat, Romulus, Martis filius, ultus iniurias avi Romam urbem Parilibus in Palatio condidit", + "en": "In the sixth Olympiad, two and twenty years after the first establishment of the Olympic games, Romulus the son of Mars, after avenging the wrongs of his grandfather, founded the city of Rome on the Palatine on the day of the festival of the Parilia." + }, + { + "id": 15537, + "la": "A quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus2; id actum post Troiam captam annis quadringentis triginta septem", + "en": "From this time to your consulship seven hundred and eighty-one years have elapsed. This event took place four hundred and thirty-seven years after the capture of Troy." + }, + { + "id": 15538, + "la": "Id gessit Romulus adiutus legionibus Latini avi sui; libenter enim iis, qui ita prodiderunt, accesserim, cum aliter firmare urbem novam tam vicinis Veientibus aliisque Etruscis ac Sabinis cum imbelli et pastorali manu vix potuerit, quamquam eam asylo facto inter duos lucos auxit", + "en": "In the founding of Rome Romulus was assisted by the troops of his grandfather Latinus. I am glad to range myself with those who have expressed this view, since with the Veientines and other Etruscans, as well as the Sabines, in such close proximity, he could scarcely have established his new city with an unwarlike band of shepherds, even though he increased their numbers by opening an asylum between the two hills." + }, + { + "id": 15539, + "la": "Hic centum homines electos appellatosque patres instar habuit consilii publici", + "en": "As a council to assist him in administering affairs of state he had one hundred chosen men called patres." + }, + { + "id": 15540, + "la": "Hanc originem nomen patriciorum habet", + "en": "This is the origin of the name patricians." + }, + { + "id": 15541, + "la": "Nam biennio adeo varia fortuna cum consulibus conflixerat, ut plerumque superior fuerit magnamque partem Graeciae in societatem suam perduceret", + "en": "For two years Persesc had kept up the struggle with the consuls with such varying fortune that he generally had the advantage in these conflicts, and succeeded in winning over a large part of Greece to ally itself with his cause." + }, + { + "id": 15542, + "la": "Quin Rhodii quoque, fidelissimi antea Romanis, tum dubia fide speculati fortunam proniores regis partibus fuisse visi sunt; et rex Eumenes in eo bello medius fuit animo, neque fratris initiis neque suae respondit consuetudini", + "en": "Even the Rhodians, who in the past had been most loyal to the Romans, were now wavering in their fidelity, and, watching his success, seemed inclined to join the kings side. In this war King Eumenesd maintained a neutral attitude, neither following the initiative of his brother nor his own established custom." + }, + { + "id": 15543, + "la": "Tum senatus populusque Romanus L Aemilium Paulum, qui et praetor et consul triumphaverat, virum in tantum laudandum, in quantum intellegi virtus potest, consulem creavit", + "en": "Then the senate and the Roman people chose as consul Lucius Aemilius Paulus, who had previously triumphed, both in his praetorship and in his consulship, a man worthy of the highest praise that can be associated with valour." + }, + { + "id": 15544, + "la": "filium eius Pauli, qui ad Cannas quam tergiversanter perniciosam rei publicae pugnam inierat, tam fortiter in ea mortem obierat", + "en": "He was a son of the Paulusa who had met death at Cannae with a fortitude only equalled by his reluctance to begin a battle so disastrous to the republic." + }, + { + "id": 15545, + "la": "Is Persam ingenti proelio apud urbem nomine Pydnam in Macedonia fusum fugatumque castris exuit deletisque eius copiis destitutum omni spe cogit e Macedonia profugere, quam ille linquens in insulam Samothraciam perfugit templique se religioni supplicem credidit", + "en": "Paulus defeated Perses in a great battle at a city in Macedonia named Pydna,b put him to rout, despoiled his camp, destroyed his forces, and compelled him in his desperate plight to flee from Macedonia. Abandoning his country, Perses took refuge in the island of Samothrace, as a suppliant entrusting himself to the inviolability of the temple." + }, + { + "id": 15546, + "la": "Ad eum Cn Octavius praetor, qui classi praeerat, pervenit et ratione magis quam vi persuasit, ut se Romanorum fidei committeret", + "en": "There Gnaeus Octavius, the praetor in command of the fleet, reached him and persuaded him by argument rather than force to give himself up to the good faith of the Romans." + }, + { + "id": 15547, + "la": "Ita Paulus maximum nobilissimumque regem in triumpho duxit", + "en": "Thus Paulus led in triumph the greatest and the most illustrious of kings." + }, + { + "id": 15548, + "la": "Quo anno et Octavii praetoris navalis et Anicii regem Illyriorum Gentium ante currum agentis triumphi fuere celebres", + "en": "In this year two other triumphs were celebrated: that of Octavius, the praetor in charge of the fleet, and that of Anicius, who drove before his triumphal chariot Gentius, King of the Illyrians." + }, + { + "id": 15549, + "la": "Quam sit adsidua eminentis fortunae comes invidia altissimisque adhaereat, etiam hoc colligi potest, quod cum Anicii Octaviique triumphum nemo interpellaret, fuere, qui Pauli impedire obniterentur", + "en": "How inseparable a companion of great success is jealousy, and how she attaches herself to the most eminent, may be gathered from this fact: although no one raised objections to the triumphs of Octavius and Anicius, there were those who tried to place obstacles in the way of that of Paulus." + }, + { + "id": 15550, + "la": "Cuius tantum priores excessit vel magnitudine regis Persei vel specie simulacrorum vel modo pecuniae, ut bis miliens centiens sestertium aerario intulerit is, et omnium ante actorum comparationem amplitudine vicerit", + "en": "His triumph so far exceeded all former ones, whether in the greatness of King Perses himself, or in the display of statues and the amount of money borne in the procession, that Paulus contributed to the treasury two hundred million sesterces, and by reason of this vast sum eclipsed all previous triumphs by comparison." + }, + { + "id": 15551, + "la": "Per idem tempus, cum Antiochus Epiphanes, qui Athenis Olympieum inchoavit, tum rex Syriae, Ptolemaeum puerum Alexandriae obsideret, missus est ad eum legatus M Popilius Laenas, qui iuberet incepto desistere", + "en": "About this time Antiochus Epiphanes, king of Syria'the Antiochus who began the Olympieum at Athens'was besieging Ptolemaeus, the boy king,a at Alexandria. Marcus Popilius Laenas was dispatched on an embassy to order him to desist." + }, + { + "id": 15552, + "la": "Mandataque exposuit et regem deliberaturum se dicentem circumscripsit virgula iussitque prius responsum reddere, quam egrederetur finito harenae circulo", + "en": "He delivered his message, and when the king replied that he would think the matter over, Popilius drew a circle around the king with his staff and told him that he must give his answer before he stepped out of the circle in the sand." + }, + { + "id": 15553, + "la": "Sic cogitationem regiam Romana disiecit constantia oboeditumque imperio", + "en": "In this way the firmness of the Roman cut short the kings deliberations, and the order was obeyed." + }, + { + "id": 15554, + "la": "Lucio autem Paulo Macedonicae victoriae compoti quattuor filii fuere; ex iis duos natu maiores, unum P Scipioni P Africani filio, nihil ex paterna maiestate praeter speciem nominis vigoremque eloquentiae retinenti, in adoptionem dederat, alterum Fabio Maximo", + "en": "Now Lucius Paulus, who won the victory in Macedonia, had four sons. The two oldest he had given by adoption, the one to Publius Scipio, the son of Africanus, who resembled his great father in nothing except in name and in his vigorous eloquence; the other to Fabius Maximus." + }, + { + "id": 15555, + "la": "Duos minores natu praetextatos, quo tempore victoriam adeptus est, habuit", + "en": "The two younger at the time of his victory had not yet assumed the toga of manhood." + }, + { + "id": 15556, + "la": "Is cum in contione extra urbem more maiorum ante triumphi diem ordinem actorum suorum commemoraret, deos immortalis precatus est, ut, si quis eorum invideret operibus ac fortunae suae, in ipsum potius saevirent quam in rem publicam", + "en": "On the day before his triumph, when, in accordance with ancient custom, he was rendering an account of his acts before an assembly of the people outside the city walls,b he prayed to the gods that if any of them envied his achievements or his fortune they should vent their wrath upon himself rather than upon the state." + }, + { + "id": 15557, + "la": "Quae vox veluti oraculo emissa magna parte eum spoliavit sanguinis sui; nam alterum ex suis, quos in familia retinuerat, liberis ante paucos triumphi, alterum post pauciores amisit dies", + "en": "This utterance, as though prophetic, deprived him of a great part of his family, for a few days before his triumph he lost one of the two sons whom he had kept in his household, and the other a still shorter time after it." + }, + { + "id": 15558, + "la": "Aspera circa haec tempora censura Fulvii Flacci et Postumii Albini fuit: quippe Fulvii censoris frater, et quidem consors, Cn Fulvius senatu motus est ab iis censoribus", + "en": "About this time occurred the censorship off Fulvius Flaccus and Postumius Albinus famed for its severity. Even Gnaeus Fulvius, who was the brother of the censor and co-heir with him in his estate, was expelled from the senate by these censors." + }, + { + "id": 15559, + "la": "Post victum captumque Persen, qui quadriennio post in libera custodia Albae decessit, Pseudophilippus a mendacio simulatae originis appellatus, qui se Philippum regiaeque stirpis ferebat, cum esset ultimae, armis occupata Macedonia, adsumptis regni insignibus brevi temeritatis poenas dedit;", + "en": "After the defeat and capture of Perses, who four years later died at Alba as a prisoner on parole, a pseudo-Philippus, so called by reason of his false claim that he was a Philip and of royal race, though he was actually of the lowest birth, took armed possession of Macedonia, assumed the insignia of royalty, but soon paid the penalty for his temerity." + }, + { + "id": 15560, + "la": "quippe Q Metellus praetor, cui ex virtute Macedonici nomen inditum erat, praeclara victoria ipsum gentemque superavit, et immani etiam Achaeos rebellare incipientis fudit acie", + "en": "For Quintus Metellus the praetor, who received the cognomen of Macedonicus by virtue of his valour in this war, defeated him and the Macedonians in a celebrated victory. He also defeated in a great battle the Achaeans who had begun an uprising against Rome." + }, + { + "id": 15561, + "la": "Hic est Metellus Macedonicus, qui porticus, quae fuerunt circumdatae duabus aedibus sine inscriptione positis, quae nunc Octaviae porticibus ambiuntur, fecerat, quique hanc turmam statuarum equestrium, quae frontem aedium spectant, hodieque maximum ornamentum eius loci, ex Macedonia detulit", + "en": "This is the Metellus Macedonicus who had previously built the portico about the two temples without inscriptions which are now surrounded by the portico of Octavia, and who brought from Macedonia the group of equestrian statues which stand facing the temples, and, even at the present time, are the chief ornament of the place." + }, + { + "id": 15562, + "la": "Cuius turmae hanc causam referunt, Magnum Alexandrum impetrasse a Lysippo, singulari talium auctore operum, ut eorum equitum, qui ex ipsius turma apud Granicum flumen ceciderant, expressa similitudine figurarum faceret statuas et ipsius quoque iis interponeret", + "en": "Tradition hands down the following story of the origin of the group: that Alexander the Great prevailed upon Lysippus, a sculptor unexcelled in works of this sort, to make portrait-statues of the horsemen in his own squadron who had fallen at the river Granicus, and to place his own statue among them." + }, + { + "id": 15563, + "la": "Hic idem primus omnium Romae aedem ex marmore in iis ipsis monumentis molitus huius vel magnificentiae vel luxuriae princeps fuit", + "en": "This same Metellus was the first of all to build a temple of marble, which he erected in the midst of these very monuments, thereby becoming the pioneer in this form of munificence, or shall we call it luxury?" + }, + { + "id": 15564, + "la": "Vix ullius gentis aetatis ordinis hominem inveneris, cuius felicitatem fortunae Metelli compares", + "en": "One will scarcely find a man of any race, or any age, or any rank, whose happy fortune is comparable with that of Metellus." + }, + { + "id": 15565, + "la": "Nam praeter excellentis triumphos honoresque amplissimos et principale in re publica fastigium extentumque vitae spatium et acris innocentisque pro re publica cum inimicis contentiones quattuor filios sustulit, omnis adultae aetatis vidit, omnis reliquit superstites et honoratissimos", + "en": "For, not to mention his surpassing triumphs, the great honours which he held, his supreme position in the state, the length of his life, and the bitter struggles on behalf of the state which he waged with his enemies without damage to his reputation, he reared four sons, saw them all reach mans estate, left them all surviving him and held in the highest honour." + }, + { + "id": 15566, + "la": "Mortui eius lectum pro rostris sustulerunt quattuor filii, unus consularis et censorius, alter consularis, tertius consul, quartus candidatus consulatus, quem honorem adeptus est", + "en": "These four sons bore the bier of their dead father to its place in front of the rostra; one was an ex-consul and ex-censor, the second an ex-consul, the third was actually consul, and the fourth was then a candidate for the consulship, an office which he duly held." + }, + { + "id": 15567, + "la": "Hoc est nimirum magis feliciter de vita migrare quam mori", + "en": "This is assuredly not to die, but rather to pass happily out of life." + }, + { + "id": 15568, + "la": "Universa deinde instincta in bellum Achaia, cuius pars magna, ut praediximus, eiusdem Metelli Macedonici virtute armisque fracta erat, maxime Corinthiis in arma cum gravibus etiam in Romanos contumeliis instigantibus, destinatus ei bello gerendo consul L Mummius", + "en": "Thereafter all Achaia was aroused to war though the greater part of it had been crushed, as I have already said, by the valour and arms of this same Metellus Macedonicus. The Corinthians, in particular, were the instigators of it, going so far as to heap grave insults upon the Romans, and Mummius, the consul, was appointed to take charge of the war there." + }, + { + "id": 15569, + "la": "Et sub idem tempus, magis quia volebant Romani, quidquid de Carthaginiensibus diceretur3credere quam quia credenda adferebantur, statuit senatus Carthaginem exscindere", + "en": "About the same time the senate resolved to destroy Carthage, rather because the Romans were ready to believe any rumour concerning the Carthaginians, than because the reports were credible." + }, + { + "id": 15570, + "la": "Ita eodem tempore P Scipio Aemilianus, vir avitis P Africani paternisque L Pauli virtutibus simillimus, omnibus belli ac togae dotibus ingeniique ac studiorum eminentissimus saeculi sui, qui nihil in vita nisi laudandum aut fecit aut dixit ac sensit, quem Paulo genitum, adoptatum a Scipione Africani filio diximus, aedilitatem petens consul creatus est", + "en": "Accordingly at this same time Scipio Aemilianus was elected consul, though but a candidate for the aedileship. He was a man whose virtues resembled those of his grandfather, Publius Africanus, and of his father Lucius Paulus (he was, as has been already said, the son of Paulus, and had been adopted by the son of Publius Scipio)'endowed with all the qualities essential to a good soldier and a good citizen, the most eminent man of his day both in native ability and acquired knowledge, who in his whole life was guilty of no act, word, or thought that was not praiseworthy. He had already received in Spain the mural crown,a and in Africa the corona obsidionalisb for his bravery, and while in Spain he had challenged and slain an enemy of great stature though himself a man of but ordinary physical strength." + }, + { + "id": 15571, + "la": "Bellum Carthagini iam ante biennium a prioribus consulibus inlatum maiore vi intulit (cum ante in Hispania murali corona, in Africa obsidionali donatus esset, in Hispania vero etiam ex provocatione, ipse modicus virium, inmanis magnitudinis hostem interemisset) eamque urbem magis invidia imperii quam ullius eius temporis noxiae invisam Romano nomini funditus sustulit fecitque suae virtutis monimentum, quod fuerat avi eius clementiae", + "en": "The war against Carthage begun by the consuls two years previously he now waged with greater vigour, and destroyed to its foundations the city which was hateful to the Roman name more because of jealousy of its power than because of any offence at that time. He made Carthage a monument to his valour'a city which had been a monument to his grandfathers clemency." + }, + { + "id": 15572, + "la": "Carthago diruta est, cum stetisset annis sexcentis septuaginta duobus, abhinc annos centum septuaginta tris Cn Cornelio Lentulo L Mummio consulibus", + "en": "Carthage, after standing for six hundred and seventy-two years, was destroyed in the consulship of Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus and Lucius Mummius, one hundred and seventy-three years from the present date." + }, + { + "id": 15573, + "la": "Hunc finem habuit Romani imperii Carthago aemula, cum qua bellare maiores nostri coepere Claudio et Fulvio consulibus ante annos ducentos nonaginta duos, quam tu, M.Vinici, consulatum inires", + "en": "This was the end of Carthage, the rival of the power of Rome, with whom our ancestors began the conflict in the consulship of Claudius and Fulviuse two hundred and ninety-two years before you entered upon your consulship, Marcus Vinicius." + }, + { + "id": 15574, + "la": "Ita per annos centum et viginti aut bellum inter eos populos aut belli praeparatio aut infida pax fuit", + "en": "Thus for one hundred and twenty years there existed between these two people either war, or preparations for war or a treacherous peace." + }, + { + "id": 15575, + "la": "Neque se Roma iam terrarum orbi superato securam speravit fore, si nomen usquam stantis maneret Carthaginis; adeo odium certaminibus ortum ultra metum durat et ne in victis quidem deponitur neque ante invisum esse desinit quam esse desiit", + "en": "Even after Rome had conquered the world she could not hope for security so long as the name of Carthage remained as of a city still standing: to such an extent does hatred begotten of conflict outlast the fear which caused it; it is not laid aside even when the foe is vanquished nor does the object of it cease to be hated until it has ceased to be." + }, + { + "id": 15576, + "la": "Ante triennium quam Carthago deleretur, M Cato, perpetuus diruendae eius auctor, L Censorino M Manilio consulibus mortem obiit", + "en": "Cato, the constant advocate of her destruction, died three years before the fall of Carthage, in the consulship of Lucius Censorinus and Manius Manilius." + }, + { + "id": 15577, + "la": "Eodem anno, quo Carthago concidit, L Mummius Corinthum post annos nongentos quinquaginta duos, quam ab Alete Hippotis filio erat condita, funditus eruit", + "en": "In the same year in which Carthage fell Lucius Mummius destroyed Corintha to her very foundations, nine hundred and fifty-two years after her founding by Aletes, son of Hippos." + }, + { + "id": 15578, + "la": "Uterque imperator devictae a se gentis nomine honoratus, alter Africanus, alter appellatus est Achaicus; nec quisquam ex novis hominibus prior Mummio cognomen virtute partum vindicavit", + "en": "The two conquerors were honoured by the names of the conquered races. The one was surnamed Africanus, the other Achaicus. Before Mummius no new manb earned for himself a cognomen won by military glory." + }, + { + "id": 15579, + "la": "Diversi imperatoribus mores, diversa fuere studia: quippe Scipio tam elegans liberalium studiorum omnisque doctrinae et auctor et admirator fuit, ut Polybium Panaetiumque, praecellentes ingenio viros, domi militiaeque secum habuerit", + "en": "The two commanders differed in their characters as in their tastes. Scipio was a cultivated patron and admirer of liberal studies and of every form of learning, and kept constantly with him, at home and in the field, two men of eminent genius, Polybius and Panaetius." + }, + { + "id": 15580, + "la": "Neque enim quisquam hoc Scipione elegantius intervalla negotiorum otio dispunxit semperque aut belli aut pacis serviit artibus: semper inter arma ac studia versatus aut corpus periculis aut animum disciplinis exercuit", + "en": "No one ever relieved the duties of active life by a more refined use of his intervals of leisure than Scipio, or was more constant in his devotion to the arts either of war or peace. Ever engaged in the pursuit of arms or his studies, he was either training his body by exposing it to dangers or his mind by learning." + }, + { + "id": 15581, + "la": "Mummius tam rudis fuit, ut capta Corintho cum maximorum artificum perfectas manibus tabulas ac statuas in Italiam portandas locaret, iuberet praedici conducentibus, si eas perdidissent, novas eos reddituros", + "en": "Mummius was so uncultivated that when, after the capture of Corinth, he was contracting for the transportation to Italy of pictures and statues by the hands of the greatest artists, he gave instructions that the contractors should be warned that if they lost them, they would have to replace them by new ones." + }, + { + "id": 15582, + "la": "Non tamen puto dubites, Vinici, quin magis pro re publica fuerit manere adhuc rudem Corinthiorum intellectum quam in tantum ea intellegi, et quin hac prudentia illa imprudentia decori publico fuerit convenientior", + "en": "Yet I do not think, Vinicius, that you would hesitate to concede that it would have been more useful to the state for the appreciation of Corinthian works of art to have remained uncultivated to the present day, than that they should be appreciated to the extent to which they now are, and that the ignorance of those days was more conducive to the public weal than our present artistic knowledge." + }, + { + "id": 15583, + "la": "Cum facilius cuiusque rei in unam contracta species quam divisa temporibus oculis animisque inhaereat, statui priorem huius voluminis posterioremque partem non inutili rerum notitia in artum contracta distinguere atque huic loco inserere, quae quoque tempore post Romam a Gallis captam deducta sit colonia iussu senatus; nam militarium et causae et auctores ex ipsarum praefulgent nomine", + "en": "Inasmuch as related facts make more impression upon the mind and eye when grouped together than when they are given separately in their chronological sequence, I have decided to separate the first part of this work from the second by a useful summary, and to insert in this place an account, with the date, of each colony founded by order of the senate since the capture of Rome by the Gauls; for, in the case of the military colonies, their very names reveal their origins and their founders." + }, + { + "id": 15584, + "la": "Huic rei per idem tempus civitates propagatas auctumque Romanum nomen communione iuris haud intempestive subtexturi videmur", + "en": "And it will perhaps not seem out of place, if, in this connexion, we weave into our history the various extensions of the citizenship and the growth of the Roman name through granting to others a share in its privileges." + }, + { + "id": 15585, + "la": "Post septem annos quam Galli urbem ceperant, Sutrium deducta colonia est et post annum Setia novemque interiectis annis Nepe, deinde interpositis duobus et triginta Aricini in civitatem recepti", + "en": "Seven years after the capture of the city by the Gauls a colony was founded at Sutrium, another a year later at Setia, and another after an interval of nine years at Nepe. Thirty-two years later the Aricians were admitted to the citizenship." + }, + { + "id": 15586, + "la": "Abhinc annos autem trecentos et sexaginta Sp Postumio Veturio Calvino consulibus Campanis data est civitas partique Samnitium sine suffragio, et eodem anno Cales deducta colonia", + "en": "Three hundred and sixty years from the present date, in the consulship of Spurius Postumius and Veturius Calvinus, the citizenship without the right of voting was given to the Campanians and a portion of the Samnites, and in the same year a colony was established at Cales." + }, + { + "id": 15587, + "la": "Interiecto deinde triennio Fundani et Formiani in civitatem recepti, eo ipso anno, quo Alexandria condita est", + "en": "Then, after an interval of three years, the people of Fundi and of Formiae were admitted to the citizenship, in the very year of the founding of Alexandria." + }, + { + "id": 15588, + "la": "Insequentibusque consulibus a Sp Postumio Philone Publilio censoribus Acerranis data civitas", + "en": "In the following year the citizenship was granted to the inhabitants of Acerra by the censors Spurius Postumius and Philo Publilius." + }, + { + "id": 15589, + "la": "Et post triennium Tarracina deducta colonia interpositoque quadriennio Luceria ac deinde interiecto triennio Suessa Aurunca et Saticula, Interamnaque post biennium", + "en": "Three years later a colony was established at Tarracina, four years afterwards another at Luceria; others three years later at Suessa Aurunca and Saticula, and another two years after these at Interamna." + }, + { + "id": 15590, + "la": "Decem deinde hoc munere anni vacaverunt: tunc Sora atque Alba deductae coloniae et Carseoli post biennium", + "en": "After that the work of colonization was suspended for ten years. Then the colonies of Sora and Alba were founded, and two years later that of Carseoli." + }, + { + "id": 15591, + "la": "At Q Fabio quintum Decio Mure quartum consulibus, quo anno Pyrrhus regnare coepit, Sinuessam Minturnasque missi coloni, post quadriennium Venusiam: interiectoque biennio M Curio et Rufino Cornelio consulibus Sabinis sine suffragio data civitas: id actum ante annos ferme trecentos etviginti", + "en": "But in the fifth consulship of Quintus Fabius, and the fourth of Decius Mus,c the year in which King Pyrrhus began his reign, colonists were sent to Minturnae and Sinuessa, and four years afterwards to Venusia. After an interval of two years the citizenship without the right of suffrage was given to the Sabines in the consulship of Manius Curius and Rufinus Cornelius.d This event took place three hundred and twenty years ago." + }, + { + "id": 15592, + "la": "At Cosam et Paestum abhinc annos ferme trecentos Fabio Dorsone et Claudio Canina consulibus, interiectoque quinquennio Sempronio Sopho et Appio Caeci filio consulibus Ariminum et Beneventum coloni missi et suffragii ferendi ius Sabinis datum", + "en": "In the consulship of Fabius Dorso and Claudius Canina, three hundred years before the present date, colonies were establishede at Cosa and Paestum. After an interval of five years, in the consulship of Sempronius Sophusf and Appius, the son of Appius the Blind, colonists were sent to Ariminum and Beneventum and the right of suffrage was granted to the Sabines." + }, + { + "id": 15593, + "la": "At initio primi belli Punici Firmum et Castrum colonis occupata, et post annum Aesernia postque septem et decem annos Aefulum et Alsium Fregenaeque post biennium proximoque anno Torquato", + "en": "At the outbreak of the First Punic War Firmum and Castrum were occupied by colonies, a year later Aesernia, Aefulum and Alsium seventeen years later, and Fregenae two years afterward." + }, + { + "id": 15594, + "la": "Sempronioque consulibus Brundisium et post triennium Spoletium, quo anno Floralium ludorum factum est initium", + "en": "Brundisium was established in the next year in the consulship of Torquatus and Sempronius,a Spoletium three years afterwards in the year in which the Floralia were instituted." + }, + { + "id": 15595, + "la": "Postque biennium deducta Valentia et sub adventum in Italiam Hannibalis Cremona atque Placentia", + "en": "Two years afterwards a colony was established at Valentia, and Cremona and Placentia were established just before Hannibals arrival in Italy." + }, + { + "id": 15596, + "la": "Deinde neque dum Hannibal in Italia moratur, neque proximis post excessum eius annis vacavit Romanis colonias condere, cum esset in bello conquirendus potius miles quam dimittendus et post bellum vires refovendae magis quam spargendae", + "en": "Thereafter, during Hannibals stay in Italy, and in the next few years subsequent to his departure, the Romans had no leisure for the founding of colonies, since, while the war lasted, they had to find soldiers, rather than muster them out, and, after it was over, the strength of the city needed to be revived and concentrated rather than to be dispersed." + }, + { + "id": 15597, + "la": "Cn autem Manlio Volsone et Fulvio Nobiliore consulibus Bononia deducta colonia abhinc annos ferme ducentos septendecim, et post quadriennium Pisaurum ac Potentia interiectoque triennio Aquileia et Gravisca et post quadriennium Luca", + "en": "But, about two hundred and seventeen years ago, in the consulship of Manlius Volso and Fulvius Nobilior,b a colony was established at Bononia, others four years later at Pisaurum and Potentia, others three years later still at Aquileia and Gravisca, and another four years afterwards at Luca." + }, + { + "id": 15598, + "la": "Eodem temporum tractu, quamquam apud quosdam ambigitur", + "en": "About the same time, although the date is questioned by some," + }, + { + "id": 15599, + "la": "Puteolos Salernumque et Buxentum missi coloni, Auximum autem in Picenum abhinc annos ferme centum octoginta quinque, ante triennium quam Cassius censor a Lupercali in Palatium versus theatrum facere instituit, cui in eo moliendo eximia civitatis severitas et consul Scipio restitere, quod ego inter clarissima publicae voluntatis argumenta numeraverim", + "en": "colonists were sent to Puteoli, Salernum, and Buxentum, and to Auximum in Picenum, one hundred and eighty-five years ago, three years before Cassius the censor began the building of a theatre beginning at the Lupercal and facing the Palatine. But the remarkable austerity of the state and Scipio the consul successfully opposed him in its building, an incident which I regard as one of the clearest indications of the attitude of the people of that time." + }, + { + "id": 15600, + "la": "Cassio autem Longino et Sextio Calvino, qui Sallues apud aquas, quae ab eo Sextiae appellantur, devicit, consulibus Fabrateria deducta est abhinc annos ferme centum quinquaginta tris", + "en": "In the consulship of Cassius Longinus and Sextius Calvinus'the Sextius who defeated the Sallues at the waters which are called Aquae Sextiae from his name'Fabrateria was founded about one hundred and fifty-three years before the present date," + }, + { + "id": 15601, + "la": "Et post annum Scolacium Minervium, Tarentum Neptunia, Carthagoque in Africa, prima, ut praediximus, extra Italiam colonia condita est", + "en": "and in the next year Scolacium Minervium, Tarentum Neptunia, and Carthage in Africa'the first colony founded outside of Italy, as already stated." + }, + { + "id": 15602, + "la": "De Dertona ambigitur, Narbo autem Martius in Gallia Porcio Marcioque consulibus abhinc annos circiter centum quadraginta sex deducta colonia est", + "en": "In regard to Dertona the date is in question. A colony was established at Narbo Martius in Gaul about one hundred and forty-six years ago in the consulship of Porcius and Marcius." + }, + { + "id": 15603, + "la": "Post duodeviginti annos in Bagiennis Eporedia Mario sextum Valerioque Flacco consulibus", + "en": "Eighteen years later Eporedia was founded in the country of the Bagienni in the consulship of Marius, then consul for the sixth time,b and Valerius Flaccus." + }, + { + "id": 15604, + "la": "Neque facile memoriae mandaverim quae, nisi militaris, post hoc tempus deducta sit", + "en": "It would be difficult to mention any colony founded after this date, except the military colonies." + }, + { + "id": 15605, + "la": "Cum haec particula operis velut formam propositi excesserit, quamquam intellego mihi in hac tam praecipiti festinatione, quae me rotae pronive gurgitis ac verticis modo nusquam patitur consistere, paene magis necessaria praetereunda quam supervacua amplectenda, nequeo tamen temperare mihi, quin rem saepe agitatam animo meo neque ad liquidum ratione perductam signem stilo", + "en": "Although this portion of my work has already, as it were, outgrown my plan, and although I am aware that in my headlong haste'which, just like a revolving wheel or a down - rushing and eddying stream, never suffers me to stop'I am almost obliged to omit matters of essential importance rather than to include unessential details, yet I cannot refrain from noting a subject which has often occupied my thoughts but has never been clearly reasoned out." + }, + { + "id": 15606, + "la": "Quis enim abunde mirari potest, quod eminentissima cuiusque professionis ingenia in eandem formam et in idem artati temporis congruere spatium, et quemadmodum clausa capso aliove saepto diversi generis animalia nihilo minus separata alienis in unum quodque corpus congregantur, ita cuiusque clari operis capacia ingenia in similitudine et temporum et profectuum semet ipsa ab aliis separaverunt", + "en": "For who can marvel sufficiently that the most distinguished minds in each branch of human achievement have happened to adopt the same form of effort, and to have fallen within the same narrow space of time? Just as animals of different species when shut in the same pen or other enclosure still segregate themselves from those which are not of their kind, and gather together each in its own group, so the minds that have had the capacity for distinguished achievement of each kind have set themselves apart from the rest by doing like things in the same period of time." + }, + { + "id": 15607, + "la": "Una neque multorum annorum spatio divisa aetas per divini spiritus viros, Aeschylum Sophoclen Euripiden, inlustravit tragoediam1; una priscam illam et veterem sub Cratino Aristophaneque et Eupolide comoediam; ac novam comicam Menander aequalesque eius aetatis magis quam operis Philemo ac Diphilus et invenere intra paucissimos annos neque imitandam reliquere", + "en": "A single epoch, and that only of a few years duration, gave lustre to tragedy through three men of divine inspiration, Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. So, with Comedy, a single age brought to perfection that early form, the Old Comedy, through the agency of Cratinus, Aristophanes, and Eupolis; while Menander, and Philemon and Diphilus, his equals in age rather than in performance, within the space of a very few years invented the New Comedy and left it to defy imitation." + }, + { + "id": 15608, + "la": "Philosophorum quoque ingenia Socratico ore defluentia omnium, quos paulo ante enumeravimus, quanto post Platonis Aristotelisque mortem floruere spatio? Quid ante Isocratem, quid post eius auditores eorumque discipulos clarum in oratoribus fuit? Adeo quidem artatum angustiis temporum, ut nemo memoria dignus alter ab altero videri nequiverint", + "en": "The great philosophers, too, who received their inspiration from the lips of Socrates'their names we gave a moment agoa' how long did they flourish after the death of Plato and of Aristotle? What distinction was there in oratory before Isocrates, or after the time of his disciples and in turn of their pupils? So crowded were they into a brief epoch that there were no two worthy of mention who could not have seen each other." + }, + { + "id": 15609, + "la": "Neque hoc in Graecis quam in Romanis evenit magis", + "en": "This phenomenon occurred among the Romans as well as among the Greeks." + }, + { + "id": 15610, + "la": "Nam nisi aspera ac rudia repetas et inventi laudanda nomine, in Accio circaque eum Romana tragoedia est; dulcesque Latini leporis facetiae per Caecilium Terentiumque et Afranium subpari aetate nituerunt", + "en": "For, unless one goes back to the rough and crude beginnings, and to men whose sole claim to praise is that they were the pioneers, Roman tragedy centres in and about Accius; and the sweet pleasantry of Latin humourb reached its zenith in practically the same age under Caecilius, Terentius, and Afranius." + }, + { + "id": 15611, + "la": "Historicos etiam, ut Livium quoque priorum aetati adstruas, praeter Catonem et quosdam veteres et obscuros minus octoginta annis circumdatum aevum tulit, ut nec potarum in antiquius citeriusve processit ubertas", + "en": "In the case of the historians also, if one adds Livy to the period of the older writers, a single epoch, comprised within the limits of eighty years, produced them all, with the exception of Cato and some of the old and obscure authors. Likewise the period which was productive of poets does not go back to an earlier date or continue to a later." + }, + { + "id": 15612, + "la": "At oratio ac vis forensis perfectumque prosae eloquentiae decus, ut idem separetur Cato (pace P Crassi Scipionisque et Laelii et Gracchorum et Fannii et Servii Galbae dixerim) ita universa sub principe operis sui erupit Tullio, ut delectari ante eum paucissimis, mirari vero neminem possis nisi aut ab illo visum aut qui illum viderit", + "en": "Take oratory and the forensic art at its best, the perfected splendour of eloquence in prose, if we again except Cato'and this I say with due respect to Publius Crassus, Scipio, Laelius, the Gracchi, Fannius, and Servius Galba' eloquence, I say, in all its branches burst into flower under Cicero, its chief exponent, so that there are few before his day whom one can read with pleasure, and none whom one can admire, except men who had either seen Cicero or had been seen by him." + }, + { + "id": 15613, + "la": "Hoc idem evenisse grammaticis, plastis, pictoribus, scalptoribus quisquis temporum institerit notis, reperiet, eminentiam cuiusque operis artissimis temporum claustris circumdatam", + "en": "One will also find, if he follows up the dates closely, that the same thing holds true of the grammarians, the workers in clay, the painters, the sculptors, and that pre-eminence in each phase of art is confined within the narrowest limits of time." + }, + { + "id": 15614, + "la": "Huius ergo recedentis in suum quodque saeculum ingeniorum similitudinis congregantisque se et in studium par et in emolumentum causas cum saepe requiro, numquam reperio, quas esse veras confidam, sed fortasse veri similes, inter quas has maxime", + "en": "Though I frequently search for the reasons why men of similar talents occur exclusively in certain epochs and not only flock to one pursuit but also attain like success, I can never find any of whose truth I am certain, though I do find some which perhaps seem likely, and particularly the following." + }, + { + "id": 15615, + "la": "Alit aemulatio ingenia, et nunc invidia, nunc admiratio imitationem accendit, naturaque quod summo studio petitum est, ascendit in summum difficilisque in perfecto mora est, naturaliterque quod procedere non potest, recedit", + "en": "Genius is fostered by emulation, and it is now envy, now admiration, which enkindles imitation, and, in the nature of things, that which is cultivated with the highest zeal advances to the highest perfection; but it is difficult to continue at the point of perfection, and naturally that which cannot advance must recede." + }, + { + "id": 15616, + "la": "Et ut primo ad consequendos quos priores ducimus accendimur, ita ubi aut praeteriri aut aequari eos posse desperavimus, studium cum spe senescit,", + "en": "And as in the beginning we are fired with the ambition to overtake those whom we regard as leaders, so when we have despaired of being able either to surpass or even to equal them, our zeal wanes with our hope;" + }, + { + "id": 15617, + "la": "et quod adsequi non potest, sequi desinit et velut occupatam relinquens materiam quaerit novam, praeteritoque eo, in quo eminere non possumus, aliquid, in quo nitamur, conquirimus, sequiturque ut frequens ac mobilis transitus maximum perfecti operis impedimentum sit", + "en": "it ceases to follow what it cannot overtake, and abandoning the old field as though pre-empted, it seeks a new one. Passing over that in which we cannot be pre-eminent, we seek for some new object of our effort. It follows that the greatest obstacle in the way of perfection in any work is our fickle way of passing on at frequent intervals to something else." + }, + { + "id": 15618, + "la": "Transit admiratio ab condicione temporum et ad urbium", + "en": "From the part played by epochs our wonder and admiration next passes to that played by individual cities." + }, + { + "id": 15619, + "la": "Una urbs Attica pluribus omnis eloquentiae quam universa Graecia operibus usque floruit adeo ut corpora gentis illius separata sint in alias civitates, ingenia vero solis Atheniensium muris clausa existimes", + "en": "A single city of Attica blossomed with more masterpieces of every kind of eloquence than all the rest of Greece together'to such a degree, in fact, that one would think that although the bodies of the Greek race were distributed among the other states, their intellects were confined within the walls of Athens alone." + }, + { + "id": 15620, + "la": "Neque hoc ego magis miratus sim quam neminem Argivum Thebanum Lacedaemonium oratorem aut dum vixit auctoritate aut post mortem memoria dignum existimatum", + "en": "Nor have I more reason for wonder at this than that not a single Argive or Theban or Lacedaemonian was esteemed worthy, as an orator, of commanding influence while he lived, or of being remembered after his death." + }, + { + "id": 15621, + "la": "Quae urbes eximiae alias talium studiorum fuere steriles, nisi Thebas unum os Pindari inluminaret: nam Alcmana Lacones falso sibi vindicant", + "en": "These cities, otherwise distinguished, were barren of such literary pursuits with the single exception of the lustre which the voice of Pindar gave to Thebes; for, in the case of Alcman, the claim which the Laconians lay to him is spurious." + }, + { + "id": 15622, + "la": "Potentiae Romanorum prior Scipio viam aperuerat, luxuriae posterior aperuit: quippe remoto Carthaginis metu sublataque imperii aemula non gradu, sed praecipiti cursu a virtute descitum, ad vitia transcursum;", + "en": "The first of the Scipios opened the way for the world power of the Romans; the second opened the way for luxury.a For, when Rome was freed of the fear of Carthage, and her rival in empire was out of her way, the path of virtue was abandoned for that of corruption, not gradually, but in headlong course." + }, + { + "id": 15623, + "la": "vetus disciplina deserta, nova inducta; in somnum a vigiliis, ab armis ad voluptates, a negotiis in otium conversa civitas", + "en": "The older discipline was discarded to give place to the new. The state passed from vigilance to slumber, from the pursuit of arms to the pursuit of pleasure, from activity to idleness." + }, + { + "id": 15624, + "la": "Tum Scipio Nasica in Capitolio porticus, tum, quas praediximus, Metellus, tum in circo Cn Octavius multo amoenissimam moliti sunt, publicamque magnificentiam secuta privata luxuria est", + "en": "It was at this time that there were built, on the Capitol, the porticoes of Scipio Nasica, the porticoes of Metellus already mentioned, and, in the Circus, the portico of Gnaeus Octavius, the most splendid of them all; and private luxury soon followed public extravagance." + }, + { + "id": 15625, + "la": "Triste deinde et contumeliosum bellum in Hispania duce latronum Viriatho secutum est: quod ita varia fortuna gestum est, ut saepius Romanorum gereretur adversa", + "en": "Then followed a war that was disastrous and disgraceful to the Romans, the war in Spain with Viriathus,a a guerilla chief. The fortunes of this war during its progress shifted constantly and were, more frequently than not, adverse to the Romans." + }, + { + "id": 15626, + "la": "Sed interempto Viriatho fraude magis quam virtute Servilii Caepionis Numantinum gravius exarsit", + "en": "On the death of Viriathus through the perfidy rather than the valour of Servilius Caepio, there broke out in Numantia a war that was more serious still." + }, + { + "id": 15627, + "la": "Haec urbs numquam plura quam decem milia propriae iuventutis armavit, sed vel ferocia ingenii vel inscitia nostrorum ducum vel fortunae indulgentia cum alios duces, tum Pompeium magni nominis virum ad turpissima deduxit foedera (hic primus e Pompeis consul fuit), nec minus turpia ac detestabilia Mancinum Hostilium consulem", + "en": "Numantia city was never able to arm more than ten thousand men of its own; but, whether it was owing to her native valour, or to the inexperience of our soldiers, or to the mere kindness of fortune, she compelled first other generals, and then Pompey, a man of great name (he was the first of his family to hold the consulshipb) to sign disgraceful treaties, and forced Mancinus Hostiliusc to terms no less base and hateful." + }, + { + "id": 15628, + "la": "Sed Pompeium gratia impunitum habuit, Mancinum verecundia poenam non recusando perduxit huc, ut per fetialis nudus ac post tergum religatis manibus dederetur hostibus", + "en": "Pompey, however, escaped punishment through his influence. As for Mancinus his sense of shame, in that he did not try to evade the consequences, caused him to be delivered to the enemy by the fetial priests,d naked, and with his hands bound behind his back." + }, + { + "id": 15629, + "la": "Quem illi recipere se negaverunt, sicut quondam Caudini fecerant, dicentes publicam violationem fidei non debere unius lui sanguine", + "en": "The Numantines, however, refused to receive him, following the example of the Samnites at an earlier day at Caudium,a saying that a national breach of faith should not be atoned for by the blood of one man." + }, + { + "id": 15630, + "la": "Inmanem deditio Mancini civitatis movit dissensionem", + "en": "The surrender of Mancinus aroused in the state a quarrel of vast proportions." + }, + { + "id": 15631, + "la": "Quippe Tiberius Gracchus, Tiberii Gracchi clarissimi atque eminentissimi viri filius, P Africani ex filia nepos, quo quaestore et auctore id foedus ictum erat, nunc graviter ferens aliquid a se pactum infirmari, nunc similis vel iudicii vel poenae metuens discrimen, tribunus pl creatus", + "en": "Tiberius Gracchus, the son of Tiberius Gracchus, an illustrious and an eminent citizen, and the grandson, on his mothers side, of Scipio Africanus, had been quaestor in the army of Mancinus and had negotiated the treaty. Indignant, on the one hand, that any of his acts should be disavowed, and fearing the danger of a like trial or a like punishment, he had himself elected tribune of the people." + }, + { + "id": 15632, + "la": "vir alioqui vita innocentissimus, ingenio florentissimus, proposito sanctissimus, tantis denique adornatus virtutibus, quantas perfecta et natura et industria mortalis condicio recipit, P Mucio Scaevola L Calpurnio consulibus abhinc annos centum sexaginta duos descivit a bonis, pollicitusque toti Italiae civitatem, simul etiam promulgatis agrariis legibus, omnibus statim concupiscentibus, summa imis miscuit et in praeruptum atque anceps periculum adduxit rem publicam", + "en": "He was a man of otherwise blameless life, of brilliant intellect, of upright intentions, and, in a word, endowed with the highest virtues of which a man is capable when favoured by nature and by training. In the consulship of Publius Mucius Scaevola and Lucius Calpurniusb (one hundred and sixty-two years ago), he split with the party of the nobles, promised the citizenship to all Italy, and at the same time, by proposing agrarian laws which all immediately desired to see in operation, turned the state topsyturvy, and brought it into a position of critical and extreme danger." + }, + { + "id": 15633, + "la": "Octavioque collegae pro bono publico stanti imperium abrogavit, triumviros agris dividendis colonisque deducendis creavit se socerumque suum, consularem Appium, et Gaium fratrem admodum iuvenem", + "en": "He abrogated the power of his colleague Octavius, who defended the interests of the state, and appointed a commission of three to assign lands and to found colonies, consisting of himself, his father-in-law the ex-consul Appius, and his brother Gaius, then a very young man." + }, + { + "id": 15634, + "la": "Tum P Scipio Nasica, eius qui optimus vir a senatu iudicatus erat, nepos, eius qui censor porticus in Capitolio fecerat, filius, pronepos autem Cn Scipionis, celeberrimi viri P Africani patrui, privatusque et togatus, cum esset consobrinus Ti Gracchi, patriam cognationi praeferens et quidquid publice salutare non esset, privatim alienum existimans (ob eas virtutes primus omnium absens pontifex maximus factus est), circumdata laevo brachio togae lacinia ex superiore parte Capitolii summis gradibus insistens hortatus est, qui salvam vellent rem publicam, se sequerentur", + "en": "At this crisis Publius Scipio Nasica appeared. He was the grandson of the Scipioc who had been adjudged by the senate the best citizen of the state, the son of the Scipio who, as censor, had built the porticoes on the Capitol, and great-grandson of Gnaeus Scipio, that illustrious man who was the paternal uncle of Publius Scipio Africanus. Although he was a cousin of Tiberius Gracchus, he set his country before all ties of blood, choosing to regard as contrary to his private interests everything that was not for the public weal, a quality which earned for him the distinction of being the first man to be elected pontifex maximus in absentia. He held no public office at this time and was clad in the toga. Wrapping the fold of his toga about his left forearm he stationed himself on the topmost steps of the Capitol and summoned all those who wished for the safety of the state to follow him." + }, + { + "id": 15635, + "la": "Tum optimates, senatus atque equestris ordinis pars melior et maior, et intacta perniciosis consiliis plebs inruere in Gracchum stantem in area cum catervis suis et concientem paene totius Italiae frequentiam", + "en": "Then the optimates, the senate, the larger and better part of the equestrian order, and those of the plebs who were not yet infected by pernicious theories rushed upon Gracchus as he stood with his bands in the area of the Capitol and was haranguing a throng assembled from almost every part of Italy." + }, + { + "id": 15636, + "la": "Is fugiens decurrensque clivo Capitolino, fragmine subsellii ictus vitam, quam gloriosissime degere potuerat, immatura morte finivit", + "en": "As Gracchus fled, and was running down the steps which led from the Capitol, he was struck by the fragment of a bench, and ended by an untimely death the life which he might have made a glorious one." + }, + { + "id": 15637, + "la": "Hoc initium in urbe Roma civilis sanguinis gladiorumque impunitatis fuit", + "en": "This was the beginning in Rome of civil bloodshed, and of the licence of the sword." + }, + { + "id": 15638, + "la": "Inde ius vi obrutum potentiorque habitus prior, discordiaeque civium antea condicionibus sanari solitae ferro diiudicatae bellaque non causis inita, sed prout eorum merces fuit", + "en": "From this time on right was crushed by might, the most powerful now took precedence in the state, the disputes of the citizens which were once healed by amicable agreements were now settled by arms, and wars were now begun not for good cause but for what profit there was in them." + }, + { + "id": 15639, + "la": "Quod haut mirum est: non enim ibi consistunt exempla, unde coeperunt, sed quamlibet in tenuem recepta tramitem latissime evagandi sibi viam faciunt, et ubi semel recto deerratum est, in praeceps pervenitur, nec quisquam sibi putat turpe, quod alii fuit fructuosum", + "en": "Nor is this to be wondered at; for precedents do not stop where they begin, but, however narrow the path upon which they enter, they create for themselves a highway whereon they may wander with the utmost latitude; and when once the path of right is abandoned, men are hurried into wrong in headlong haste, nor does anyone think a course is base for himself which has proven profitable to others." + }, + { + "id": 15640, + "la": "Interim, dum haec in Italia geruntur, Aristonicus, qui mortuo rege Attalo, a quo Asia populo Romano hereditate relicta erat, sicut relicta postea est a Nicomede Bithynia, mentitus regiae stirpis originem armis eam occupaverat, is victus a M Perpenna ductusque in triumpho, set a M Aquilio, capite poenas dedit, cum initio belli Crassum Mucianum, virum iuris scientissimum, decedentem ex Asia proconsulem interemisset", + "en": "While these events were taking place in Italy King Attalus had died,a bequeathing Asia in his will to the Roman people, as Bithynia was later bequeathed to them by Nicomedes, and Aristonicus, falsely claiming to be a scion of the royal house, had forcibly seized the province. Aristonicus was subdued by Marcus Perpenna and was later led in triumph, but by Manius Aquilius. He paid with his life the penalty for having put to death at the very outset of the war the celebrated jurist Crassus Mucianus, proconsul of Asia, as he was leaving his province." + }, + { + "id": 15641, + "la": "At P Scipio Africanus Aemilianus, qui Carthaginem deleverat, post tot acceptas circa Numantiam clades creatus iterum consul missusque in Hispaniam fortunae virtutique expertae in Africa respondit in Hispania, et intra annum ac tris menses, quam eo venerat, circumdatam operibus Numantiam excisamque aequavit solo", + "en": "After all the defeats experienced at Numantia, Publius Scipio Africanus Aemilianus, the destroyer of Carthage, was a second time elected consulb and then dispatched to Spain, where he confirmed the reputation for good fortune and for valour which he had earned in Africa. Within a year and three months after his arrival in Spain he surrounded Numantia with his siege works, destroyed the city and levelled it to the ground." + }, + { + "id": 15642, + "la": "Nec quisquam ullius gentis hominum ante eum clariore urbium excidio nomen suum perpetuae commendavit memoriae: quippe excisa Carthagine ac Numantia ab alterius nos metu, alterius vindicavit contumeliis", + "en": "No man of any nationality before his day had immortalized his name by a more illustrious feat of destroying cities; for by the destruction of Carthage and Numantia he liberated us, in the one case from fear, in the other from a reproach upon our name." + }, + { + "id": 15643, + "la": "Hic, eum interrogante tribuno Carbone, quid de Ti Gracchi caede sentiret, respondit, si is occupandae rei publicae animum habuisset, iure caesum", + "en": "This same Scipio, when asked by Carbo the tribune what he thought about the killing of Tiberius Gracchus, replied that he had been justly slain if his purpose had been to seize the government." + }, + { + "id": 15644, + "la": "Et cum omnis contio adclamasset, hostium, inquit, armatorum totiens clamore non territus, qui possum vestro moveri, quorum noverca est Italia? Reversus in urbem intra breve tempus, M Aquilio C Sempronio consulibus abhinc annos centum et sexaginta, post duos consulatus duosque triumphos et bis excisos terrores rei publicae mane in lectulo repertus est mortuus, ita ut quaedam elisarum faucium in cervice reperirentur notae", + "en": "When the whole assembly cried out at this utterance he said, How can I, who have so many times heard the battle shout of the enemy without feeling fear, be disturbed by the shouts of men like you, to whom Italy is only a stepmother? A short time after Scipios return to Rome, in the consulship of Manius Aquilius and Gaius Semproniusa'one hundred and sixty years ago'this man who had held two consulships, had celebrated two triumphs, and had twice destroyed cities which had brought terror to his country, was found in the morning dead in his bed with marks as though of strangulation upon his throat." + }, + { + "id": 15645, + "la": "De tanti viri morte nulla habita est quaestio eiusque corpus velato capite elatum est, cuius opera super totum terrarum orbem Roma extulerat caput", + "en": "Great man though he was, no inquest was held concerning the manner of his death, and with covered head was borne to the grave the body of him whose services had enabled Rome to lift her head above the whole world." + }, + { + "id": 15646, + "la": "Seu fatalem, ut plures, seu conflatam insidiis, ut aliqui prodidere memoriae, mortem obiit, vitam certe dignissimam egit, quae nullius ad id temporis praeterquam avito fulgore vinceretur", + "en": "Whether his death was due to natural causes as most people think, or was the result of a plot, as some historians state, the life he lived was at any rate so crowded with honours that up to this time it was surpassed in brilliance by none, excepting only his grandsire." + }, + { + "id": 15647, + "la": "Decessit anno ferme sexto et quinquagesimo: de quo si quis ambiget, recurrat ad priorem consulatum eius, in quem creatus est anno octavo et tricesimo2: ita dubitare desinet", + "en": "He died in his fifty-sixth year. If anyone questions this let him call to mind his first consulship, to which he was elected in his thirty-eighth year, and he will cease to doubt." + }, + { + "id": 15648, + "la": "Ante tempus excisae Numantiae praeclara in Hispania militia D Bruti fuit, qui penetratis omnibus Hispaniae gentibus ingenti vi hominum urbiumque", + "en": "In Spain, even before the destruction of Numantia, Decimus Brutus had conducted a brilliant campaign in which he penetrated to all the peoples of the country, took a great number of men and cities" + }, + { + "id": 15649, + "la": "potitus numero, aditis quae vix audita erant, Gallaeci cognomen meruit", + "en": "and, by extending his operations to regions which hitherto had scarcely been heard of, earned for himself the cognomen of Gallaecus." + }, + { + "id": 15650, + "la": "Et ante eum paucis annis tam severum illius Q Macedonici in his gentibus imperium fuit, ut, cum urbem Contrebiam nomine in Hispania oppugnaret, pulsas praecipiti loco quinque cohortes legionarias eodem protinus subire iuberet, facientibusque omnibus in procinctu testamenta, velut ad certam mortem eundum foret, non deterritus proposito, quem moriturum miserat militem victorem recepit: tantum effecit mixtus timori pudor spesque desperatione quaesita", + "en": "A few years before in this same country Quintus Macedonicus had exercised command as general with a discipline of remarkable rigour. For instance, in an assault upon a Spanish town called Contrebia he ordered five legionary cohorts, which had been driven down from a steep escarpment, forthwith to march up it again. Though the soldiers were making their wills on the battlefield, as though they were about to march to certain death, he was not deterred, but afterwards received the men, whom he sent forth to die, back in camp victorious. Such was the effect of shame mingled with fear, and of a hope born of despair." + }, + { + "id": 15651, + "la": "Hic virtute ac severitate facti, at Fabius Aemilianus Pauli exemplo disciplina in Hispania fuit clarissimus", + "en": "Macedonicus won renown in Spain by the uncompromising bravery of this exploit; Fabius Aemilianus, following the example of Paulus on the other hand, by the severity of his discipline." + }, + { + "id": 15652, + "la": "Decem deinde interpositis annis, qui Ti Gracchum, idem Gaium fratrem eius occupavit furor, tam virtutibus eius omnibus quam huic errori similem, ingenio etiam eloquentiaque longe praestantiorem", + "en": "After an interval of ten years the same madness which had possessed Tiberius Gracchus now seized upon his brother Gaius, who resembled him in his general virtues as well as in his mistaken ambition, but far surpassed him in ability and eloquence." + }, + { + "id": 15653, + "la": "Qui cum summa quiete animi civitatis princeps esse posset, vel vindicandae fraternae mortis gratia vel praemuniendae regalis potentiae eiusdem exempli tribunatum ingressus, longe maiora et acriora petens dabat civitatem omnibus Italicis, extendebat eam paene usque Alpis, dividebat agros, vetabat quemquam civem plus quingentis iugeribus habere, quod aliquando lege Licinia cautum erat, nova constituebat portoria, novis coloniis replebat provincias, iudicia a senatu transferebat ad equites, frumentum plebi dari instituerat; nihil immotum, nihil tranquillum, nihil quietum, nihil denique in eodem statu relinquebat; quin alterum etiam continuavit tribunatum", + "en": "Gaius might have been the first man in the state had he held his spirit in repose; but, whether it was with the object of avenging his brothers death or of paving the way for kingly power, he followed the precedent which Tiberius had set and entered upon the career of a tribune.b His aims, however, were far more ambitious and drastic. He was for giving the citizenship to all Italians, extending it almost to the Alps, distributing the public domain, limiting the holdings of each citizen to five hundred acres as had once been provided by the Licinian law,a establishing new customs duties, filling the provinces with new colonies, transferring the judicial powers from the senate to the equites, and began the practice of distributing grain to the people. He left nothing undisturbed, nothing untouched, nothing unmolested, nothing, in short, as it had been. Furthermore he continued the exercise of his office for a second term." + }, + { + "id": 15654, + "la": "Hunc L Opimius consul, qui praetor Fregellas exciderat, persecutus armis unaque Fulvium Flaccum, consularem ac triumphalem virum, aeque prava cupientem, quem C Gracchus in locum Tiberii fratris triumvirum nominaverat, eumque socium regalis adsumpserat potentiae, morte adfecit", + "en": "The consul, Lucius Opimius, who, as praetor, had destroyed Fregellae, hunted down Gracchus with armed men and put him to death,b slaying with him Fulvius Flaccus, a man who, though now entertaining the same distorted ambitions, had held the consulship and had won a triumph. Gaius had named Flaccus triumvir in the place of his brother Tiberius and had made him his partner in his plans for assuming kingly power." + }, + { + "id": 15655, + "la": "Id unum nefarie ab Opimio proditum, quod capitis non dicam Gracchi, sed civis Romani pretium se daturum idque auro repensurum proposuit", + "en": "The conduct of Opimius was execrable in this one respect, that he had proposed a reward to be paid for the head, I will not say of a Gracchus, but of a Roman citizen, and had promised to pay it in gold." + }, + { + "id": 15656, + "la": "Flaccus in Aventino armatos ac pugnam ciens cum filio maiore iugulatus est; Gracchus profugiens, cum iam comprehenderetur ab iis, quos Opimius miserat, cervicem Euporo servo praebuit, qui non segnius se ipse interemit, quam domino succurrerat", + "en": "Flaccus, together with his elder son, was slain upon the Aventine while summoning to battle his armed supporters. Gracchus, in his flight, when on the point of being apprehended by the emissaries of Opimius, offered his neck to the sword of his slave Euporus. Euporus then slew himself with the same promptness with which he had given assistance to his master." + }, + { + "id": 15657, + "la": "Quo die singularis Pomponii equitis Romani in Gracchum fides fuit, qui more Coclitis sustentatis in ponte hostibus eius, gladio se transfixit", + "en": "On the same day Pomponius, a Roman knight, gave remarkable proof of his fidelity to Gracchus; for, after holding back his enemies upon the bridge, as Cocles had done of yore, he threw himself upon his sword." + }, + { + "id": 15658, + "la": "Ut Ti Gracchi antea corpus, ita Gai mira crudelitate victorum in Tiberim deiectum est", + "en": "The body of Gaius, like that of Tiberius before him, was thrown into the Tiber by the victors, with the same strange lack of humanity." + }, + { + "id": 15659, + "la": "Hunc Ti Gracchi liberi, P Scipionis Africani nepotes, viva adhuc matre Cornelia, Africani filia, viri optimis ingeniis male usi, vitae mortisque habuere exitum: qui si civilem dignitatis concupissent modum, quidquid tumultuando adipisci gestierunt, quietis obtulisset res publica", + "en": "Such were the lives and such the deaths of the sons of Tiberius Gracchus, and the grandsons of Publius Scipio Africanus, and their mother Cornelia, the daughter of Africanus, still lived to witness their end. An ill use they made of their excellent talents. Had they but coveted such honours as citizens might lawfully receive, the state would have conferred upon them through peaceful means all that they sought to obtain by unlawful agitations." + }, + { + "id": 15660, + "la": "Huic atrocitati adiectum scelus unicum", + "en": "To this atrocity was added a crime without precedent." + }, + { + "id": 15661, + "la": "Quippe iuvenis specie excellens necdum duodevicesimum transgressus annum immunisque delictorum paternorum, Fulvii Flacci filius, quem pater legatum de condicionibus miserat, ab Opimio interemptus est", + "en": "The son of Fulvius Flaccus, a youth of rare beauty who had not yet passed his eighteenth year and was in no way involved in the acts of his father, when sent by his father as an envoy to ask for terms, was put to death by Opimius." + }, + { + "id": 15662, + "la": "Quem cum haruspex Tuscus amicus flentem in vincula duci vidisset, quin tu hoc potius, inquit, facis? Protinusque inliso capite in postem lapideum ianuae carceris effusoque cerebro expiravit", + "en": "An Etruscan soothsayer, who was his friend, seeing him dragged weeping to prison, said to him, Why not rather do as I do? At these words he forthwith dashed out his brains against the stone portal of the prison and thus ended his life." + }, + { + "id": 15663, + "la": "Crudelesque mox quaestiones in amicos clientesque Gracchorum habitae sunt", + "en": "Severe investigations, directed against the friends and followers of the Gracchi, followed." + }, + { + "id": 15664, + "la": "Sed Opimium, virum alioqui sanctum et gravem, damnatum postea iudicio publico memoria istius saevitiae nulla civilis prosecuta est misericordia", + "en": "But when Opimius, who during the rest of his career had been a man of sterling and upright character, was afterwards condemned by public trial, his conviction aroused no sympathy on the part of the citizens because of the recollection of his cruelty in this instance." + }, + { + "id": 15665, + "la": "Eadem Rupilium Popiliumque, qui consules asperrime in Tiberii Gracchi amicos saevierant, postea iudiciorum publicorum merito oppressit invidia", + "en": "Rupilius and Popilius, who, as consuls, had prosecuted the friends of Tiberius Gracchus with the utmost severity, deservedly met at a later date with the same mark of popular disapproval at their public trials." + }, + { + "id": 15666, + "la": "Rei tantae parum ad notitiam pertinens interponetur", + "en": "I shall insert here a matter hardly relevant to these important events." + }, + { + "id": 15667, + "la": "Hic est Opimius, a quo consule celeberrimum Opimiani vini nomen; quod iam nullum esse spatio annorum colligi potest, cum ab eo sint ad te, M Vinici, consulem anni centum et quinquaginta", + "en": "It was this same Opimius from whose consulship the famous Opimian wine received its name. That none of this wine is now in existence can be inferred from the lapse of time, since it is one hundred and fifty years, Marcus Vinicius, from his consulship to yours." + }, + { + "id": 15668, + "la": "Factum Opimii, quod inimicitiarum quaesita erat ultio, minor secuta auctoritas, et visa ultio privato odio magis quam publicae vindictae data", + "en": "The conduct of Opimius met with a greater degree of disapproval because it was a case of seeking revenge in a private feud, and this act of revenge was regarded as having been committed rather in satisfaction of a personal animosity than in defence of the rights of the state." + }, + { + "id": 15669, + "la": "In legibus Gracchi inter perniciosissima numerarim, quod extra Italiam colonias posuit", + "en": "In the legislation of Gracchus I should regard as the most pernicious his planting of colonies outside of Italy." + }, + { + "id": 15670, + "la": "Id maiores, cum viderent tanto potentiorem Tyro Carthaginem, Massiliam Phocaea, Syracusas Corintho, Cyzicum ac Byzantium Mileto, genitali solo, diligenter vitaverant et civis Romanos ad censendum ex provinciis in Italiam revocaverant", + "en": "This policy the Romans of the older time had carefully avoided; for they saw how much more powerful Carthage had been than Tyre, Massilia than Phocaea, Syracuse than Corinth, Cyzicus and Byzantium than Miletus, 'all these colonies, in short, than their mother cities'and had summoned all Roman citizens from the provinces back to Italy that they might be enrolled upon the census lists." + }, + { + "id": 15671, + "la": "Prima autem extra Italiam colonia Carthago condita est", + "en": "The first colony to be founded outside of Italy was Carthage." + }, + { + "id": 15672, + "la": "Subinde Porcio Marcioque consulibus deducta colonia Narbo Martius", + "en": "Shortly afterwards the colony of Narbo Martius was founded, in the consulship of Porcius and Marcius." + }, + { + "id": 15673, + "la": "Mandetur deinde memoriae severitas iudiciorum Cato consularis, M Catonis nepos, Africani sororis filius, repetundarum ex Macedonia damnatus est, cum lis eius HS quattuor milibus aestimaretur", + "en": "I must next record the severity of the law courts in condemning for extortion in Macedonia Gaius Cato, an ex-consul, the grandson of Marcus Cato, and son of the sister of Africanus, though the claim against him amounted to but four thousand sesterces." + }, + { + "id": 15674, + "la": "adeo illi viri magis voluntatem peccandi intuebantur quam modum, factaque ad consilium dirigebant et quid, non in quantum admissum foret, aestimabant", + "en": "But the judges of that day looked rather at the purpose of the culprit than at the measure of the wrong, applying to actions the criterion of intention and weighing the character of the sin and not the extent of it." + }, + { + "id": 15675, + "la": "Circa eadem tempora M.C Metelli fratres uno die triumphaverunt", + "en": "About the same time the two brothers Marcus and Gaius Metellus celebrated their triumphs on one and the same day." + }, + { + "id": 15676, + "la": "Non minus clarum exemplum et adhuc unicum Fulvii Flacci, eius qui Capuam ceperat, filiorum, sed alterius in adoptionem dati, in collegio consulatus fuit; adoptivus in Acidini Manlii familiam datus", + "en": "A coincidence equally celebrated which still remains unique, was the conjunction in the consulshipb of the sons of Fulvius Flaccus, the general who had conquered Capua, but one of these sons, however, had passed by adoption into the family of Acidinus Manlius." + }, + { + "id": 15677, + "la": "Nam censura Metellorum patruelium, non germanorum fratrum fuit, quod solis contigerat Scipionibus", + "en": "As regards the joint censorship of the two Metelli, they were cousins, not brothers, a coincidence which had happened to the family of the Scipios alone." + }, + { + "id": 15678, + "la": "Tum Cimbri et Teutoni transcendere Rhenum, multis mox nostris suisque cladibus nobiles", + "en": "At this time the Cimbri and Teutons crossed the Rhine. These peoples were soon to become famous by reason of the disasters which they inflicted upon us and we upon them." + }, + { + "id": 15679, + "la": "Per eadem tempora clarus eius Minucii, qui porticus, quae hodieque celebres sunt, molitus est, ex Scordiscis triumphus fuit", + "en": "About the same timed took place the famous triumph over the Scordisci of Minucius, the builder of the porticoes which are famous even in our own day." + }, + { + "id": 15680, + "la": "Eodem tractu temporum nituerunt oratores Scipio Aemilianus Laeliusque, Ser Galba, duo Gracchi, C Fannius, Carbo Papirius; nec praetereundus Metellus Numidicus et Scaurus, et ante omnes L Crassus et M Antonius", + "en": "At this same period flourished the illustrious orators Scipio Aemilianus and Laelius, Sergius Galba, the two Gracchi, Gaius Fannius, and Carbo Papirius. In this list we must not pass over the names of Metellus Numidicus and Scaurus, and above all of Lucius Crassus and Marcus Antonius." + }, + { + "id": 15681, + "la": "quorum aetati ingeniisque successere C Caesar Strabo, P Sulpicius; nam Q Mucius iuris scientia quam proprie eloquentiae nomine celebrior fuit", + "en": "They were followed in time as well as in talents by Gaius Caesar Strabo and Publius Sulpicius. As for Quintus Mucius, he was more famous for his knowledge of jurisprudence than, strictly speaking, for eloquence." + }, + { + "id": 15682, + "la": "Clara etiam per idem aevi spatium fuere ingenia in togatis Afranii, in tragoediis Pacuvii atque Accii, usque in Graecorum ingeniorum comparationem evecti, magnumque inter hos ipsos facientis operi suo locum, adeo quidem, ut in illis limae, in hoc paene plus videatur fuisse sanguinis, celebre et Lucilii nomen fuit, qui sub P Africano Numantino bello eques militaverat", + "en": "In the same epoch other men of talent were illustrious: Afranius in the writing of native comedy, in tragedy Pacuvius and Accius, a man who rose into competition even with the genius of the Greeks, and made a great place for his own work among theirs, with this distinction, however, that, while they seemed to have more polish, Accius seemed to possess more real blood. The name of Lucilius was also celebrated; he had served as a knight in the Numantine war under Publius Africanus." + }, + { + "id": 15683, + "la": "Quo quidem tempore iuvenes adhuc Iugurtha ac Marius sub eodem Africano militantes in iisdem castris didicere, quae postea in contrariis facerent", + "en": "At the same time, Jugurtha and Marius, both still young men, and serving under the same Africanus, received in the same camp the military training which they were later destined to employ in opposing camps." + }, + { + "id": 15684, + "la": "Historiarum auctor iam tum Sisenna erat iuvenis, sed opus belli civilis Sullanique post aliquot annos ab eo seniore editum est", + "en": "At this time Sisenna, the author of the Histories, was still a young man. His works on the Civil Wars and the Wars of Sulla were published several years later, when he was a relatively old man." + }, + { + "id": 15685, + "la": "Vetustior Sisenna fuit Caelius, aequalis Sisennae Rutilius Claudiusque Quadrigarius et Valerius Antias", + "en": "Caelius was earlier than Sisenna, while Rutilius, Claudius Quadrigarius and Valerius Antias were his contemporaries." + }, + { + "id": 15686, + "la": "Sane non ignoremus eadem aetate fuisse Pomponium sensibus celebrem, verbis rudem et novitate inventi a se operis commendabilem", + "en": "Let us not forget that at this period lived Pomponius, famed for his subject matter, though untutored in style, and noteworthy for the new kind of composition which he invented." + }, + { + "id": 15687, + "la": "Prosequamur nota severitatem censorum Cassii Longini Caepionisque, qui abhinc annos centum quinquaginta tris Lepidum Aemilium augurem, quod sex milibus HS aedes conduxisset, adesse iusserunt", + "en": "Let us now go on to note the severity of the censors Cassius Longinus and Caepio,c who summoned before them the augur Lepidus Aemilius for renting a house at six thousand sesterces. This was a hundred and fifty-three years ago." + }, + { + "id": 15688, + "la": "At nunc si quis tanti habitet, vix ut senator agnoscitur: adeo natura a rectis in prava, a pravis in vitia, a vitiis in praecipitia pervenitur", + "en": "Nowadays, if any one takes a residence at so low a rate he is scarcely recognized as a senator. Thus does nature pass from the normal to the perverted, from that to the vicious, and from the vicious to the abyss of extravagance." + }, + { + "id": 15689, + "la": "Eodem tractu temporum et Domitii ex Arvernis et Fabii ex Allobrogibus victoria fuit nobilis; Fabio Pauli nepoti ex victoria cognomen Allobrogico inditum", + "en": "At the same perioda took place the notable victory of Domitius over the Arverni, and of Fabius over the Allobroges. Fabius, who was the grandson of Paulus, received the cognomen of Allobrogicus in commemoration of his victory." + }, + { + "id": 15690, + "la": "Notetur Domitiae familiae peculiaris quaedam et ut clarissima, ita artata numero felicitas", + "en": "I must also note the strange fortune which distinguished the family of the Domitii, the more remarkable in view of the limited number of the family." + }, + { + "id": 15691, + "la": "Septem ante hunc nobilissimae simplicitatis iuvenem, Cn Domitium, fuere, singuli omnes parentibus geniti, sed omnes ad consulatum sacerdotiaque, ad triumphi autem paene omnes pervenerunt insignia", + "en": "Before the present Gnaeus Domitius, a man of notable simplicity of life, there have been seven Domitii, all only sons, but they all attained to the consulate and priesthoods and almost all to the distinction of a triumph." + }, + { + "id": 15692, + "la": "Bellum deinde Iugurthinum gestum est per Q Metellum nulli secundum saeculi sui", + "en": "Then followed the Jugurthan war waged under the generalshipb of Quintus Metellus, a man inferior to no one of his time." + }, + { + "id": 15693, + "la": "Huius legatus fuit C Marius, quem praediximus, natus agresti loco, hirtus atque horridus vitaque sanctus, quantum bello optimus, tantum pace pessimus, immodicus gloriae, insatiabilis, impotens semperque inquietus", + "en": "His second in command was Gaius Marius, whom we have already mentioned, a man of rustic birth, rough and uncouth, and austere in his life, as excellent a general as he was an evil influence in time of peace, a man of unbounded ambition, insatiable, without self-control, and always an element of unrest." + }, + { + "id": 15694, + "la": "Hic per publicanos aliosque in Africa negotiantis criminatus Metelli lentitudinem, trahentis iam in tertium annum bellum, et naturalem nobilitatis superbiam morandique in imperiis cupiditatem effecit, ut, cum commeatu petito Romam venisset, consul crearetur bellique paene patrati a Metello, qui bis Iugurtham acie fuderat,", + "en": "Through the agency of the tax - gatherers and others who were engaged in business in Africa he criticized the delays of Metellus, who was now dragging on the war into its third year, charging him with the haughtiness characteristic of the nobility and with the desire to maintain himself in military commands. Having obtained a furlough he went to Rome, where he succeeded in procuring his election as consul and had the chief command of the war placed in his own hands,c although the war had already been practically ended by Metellus, who had twice defeated Jugurtha in battle." + }, + { + "id": 15695, + "la": "summa committeretur sibi Metelli tamen et triumphus fuit clarissimus et meritum ex virtute ei cognomen Numidici inditum", + "en": "The triumph of Metellus was none the less brilliant, and the cognomen of Numidicus earned by his valour was bestowed upon him." + }, + { + "id": 15696, + "la": "Ut paulo ante Domitiae familiae, ita Caeciliae notanda claritudo est", + "en": "As I commented, a short time ago, on the glory of the family of the Domitii, let me now comment upon that of the Caecilii." + }, + { + "id": 15697, + "la": "Quippe intra duodecim ferme annos huius temporis consules fuere Metelli aut censores aut triumpharunt amplius duodecies, ut appareat, quemadmodum urbium imperiorumque, ita gentium nunc florere fortunam, nunc senescere, nunc interire", + "en": "Within the compass of about twelve years during this period, the Metelli were distinguished by consulships, censorships, or triumph more than twelve times. Thus it is clear that, as in the case of cities and empires, so the fortunes of families flourish, wane, and pass away." + }, + { + "id": 15698, + "la": "At C Marius L Sullam iam tunc ut praecaventibus fatis copulatum sibi quaestorem habuit et per eum missum ad regem Bocchum Iugurtha rege abhinc annos ferme centum triginta quattuor potitus est; designatusque iterum consul in urbem reversus secundi consulatus initio Kal Ianuariis eum in triumpho duxit", + "en": "Gaius Marius, even at this time, had Lucius Sulla associated with him as quaestor, as though the fates were trying to avoid subsequent events.a He sent Sulla to King Bocchus and through him gained possession of Jugurtha, about one hundred and thirty-four years before the present time. He returned to the city as consul designate for the second time, and on the kalends of January,b at the inauguration of his second consulship, he led Jugurtha in triumph." + }, + { + "id": 15699, + "la": "Effusa, ut praediximus, immanis vis Germanarum gentium, quibus nomen Cimbris ac Teutonis erat, cum Caepionem Manliumque consules et ante Carbonem Silanumque fudissent fugassentque in Galliis et exuissent exercitu, Scaurumque Aurelium consularem et alios celeberrimi nominis viros trucidassent, populus Romanus non alium repellendis tantis hostibus magis idoneum imperatorem quam Marium est ratus Tum multiplicati consulatus eius", + "en": "Since, as has already been stated, an immense horde of the German races called the Cimbri and the Teutons had defeated and routed the Consuls Caepio and Manliusd in Gaul, as before them Carboe and Silanus,f and had scattered their armies, and had put to death Scaurus Aurelius an ex-consul, and other men of renown, the Roman people was of the opinion that no general was better qualified to repel these mighty enemies than Marius. His consulships then followed each other in succession." + }, + { + "id": 15700, + "la": "Tertius in apparatu belli consumptus;", + "en": "The third was consumed in preparation for this war." + }, + { + "id": 15701, + "la": "quo anno Cn Domitius tribunus plebis legem tulit, ut sacerdotes, quos antea conlegae sufficiebant, populus crearet", + "en": "In this yearg Gnaeus Domitius, the tribune of the people, passed a law that the priests, who had previously been chosen by their colleagues, should now be elected by the people." + }, + { + "id": 15702, + "la": "Quarto trans Alpis circa Aquas Sextias cum Teutonis conflixit, amplius centum quinquaginta milia hostium priore ac postero die ab eo trucidata gensque excisa Teutonum", + "en": "In his fourth consulshipa Marius met the Teutons in battle beyond the Alps in the vicinity of Aquae Sextiae. More than a hundred and fifty thousand of the enemy were slain by him on that day and the day after, and the race of the Teutons was exterminated." + }, + { + "id": 15703, + "la": "Quinto citra Alpis in campis, quibus nomen erat Raudiis, ipse consul et proconsul Q Lutatius Catulus fortunatissimo decertavere proelio; caesa aut capta amplius centum milia hominum", + "en": "In his fifth consulshipb the consul himself and the proconsul Quintus Lutatius Catulus fought a most successful battle on this side of the Alps on the plain called the Raudian Plain. More than a hundred thousand of the enemy were taken or slain." + }, + { + "id": 15704, + "la": "Hac victoria videtur meruisse Marius, ne eius nati rem publicam paeniteret, ac mala bonis repensasse", + "en": "By this victory Marius seems to have earned some claim upon his country that it should not regret his birth and to have counterbalanced his bad by his good deeds." + }, + { + "id": 15705, + "la": "Sextus consulatus veluti praemium ei meritorum datus", + "en": "A sixth consulship was given him in the light of a reward for his services." + }, + { + "id": 15706, + "la": "Non tamen huius consulatus fraudetur gloria, quo Servilii Glauciae Saturninique Apulei furorem continuatis honoribus rem publicam lacerantium et gladiis quoque et caede comitia discutientium, consul armis compescuit hominesque exitiabilis in Hostilia curia morte multavit", + "en": "He must not, however, be deprived of the glory of this consulship, for during this term as consul he restrained by arms the mad acts of Servilius Glaucia and Saturninus Apuleius who were shattering the constitution by continuing in office,d and were breaking up the elections with armed violence and bloodshed, and caused these dangerous men to be put to death in the Curia Hostilia." + }, + { + "id": 15707, + "la": "Deinde interiectis paucis annis tribunatum iniit M Livius Drusus, vir nobilissimus, eloquentissimus, sanctissimus, meliore in omnia ingenio animoque quam fortuna usus", + "en": "After an interval of a few years Marcus Livius Drusus entered the tribunate,e a man of noble birth, of eloquent tongue and of upright life; but in all his acts, his success was not in keeping with his talents or his good intentions." + }, + { + "id": 15708, + "la": "Qui cum senatui priscum restituere cuperet decus et iudicia ab equitibus ad eum transferre ordinem (quippe eam potestatem nacti equites Gracchanis legibus cum in multos clarissimos atque innocentissimos viros saevissent, tum P Rutilium, virum non saeculi sui, sed omnis aevi optimum, interrogatum lege repetundarum maximo cum gemitu civitatis damnaverant), in iis ipsis, quae pro senatu moliebatur, senatum habuit adversarium non intellegentem, si qua de plebis commodis ab eo agerentur, veluti inescandae inliciendaeque multitudinis causa fieri, ut minoribus perceptis maiora permitteret", + "en": "It was his aim to restore to the senate its ancient prestige, and again to transfer the law courts to that order from the knights. The knights had acquired this prerogative through the legislation of Gracchus and had treated with severity many noted men who were quite innocent, and, in particular, had brought to trial on a charge of extortion and had condemned, to the great sorrow of all the citizens, Publius Rutilius, one of the best men not only of his age, but of all time. But in these very measures which Livius undertook on behalf of the senate he had an opponent in the senate itself, which failed to see that the proposals he also urged in the interest of the plebs were made as a bait and a sop to the populace, that they might, by receiving lesser concessions, permit the passage of more important measures." + }, + { + "id": 15709, + "la": "Denique ea fortuna Drusi fuit, ut malefacta collegarum quam quaevis optime ab ipso cogitata senatus probaret magis, et honorem, qui ab eo deferebatur, sperneret, iniurias, quae ab illis intendebantur, aequo animo reciperet, et huius summae gloriae invideret, illorum modicam ferret", + "en": "In the end it was the misfortune of Drusus to find that the senate gave more approval to the evil measures of his colleagues than to his own plans, however excellent, and that it spurned the dignity which he would confer upon it only to accept tamely the real slights levelled against it by the others, tolerating the mediocrity of his colleagues while it looked with jealous eyes upon his own distinction." + }, + { + "id": 15710, + "la": "Tum conversus Drusi animus, quando bene incepta male cedebant, ad dandam civitatem Italiae", + "en": "Since his excellent programme had fared so badly, Drusus turned his attention to granting the citizenship to the Italians." + }, + { + "id": 15711, + "la": "Quod cum moliens revertisset e foro, immensa illa et incondita, quae eum semper comitabatur, cinctus multitudine in area domus suae cultello percussus, qui adfixus lateri eius relictus est, intra paucas horas decessit", + "en": "While he was engaged in this effort, and was returning from the forum surrounded by the large and unorganized crowd which always attended him, he was stabbed in the area before his house and died in a few hours, the assassin leaving the weapon in his side." + }, + { + "id": 15712, + "la": "Sed cum ultimum redderet spiritum, intuens circumstantium maerentiumque frequentiam, effudit vocem convenientissimam conscientiae suae: ecquandone, inquit, propinqui amicique, similem mei civem habebit res publica? Hunc finem clarissimus iuvenis vitae habuit: cuius morum minime omittatur argumentum", + "en": "As he breathed his last and gazed at the throng of those who stood weeping about him, he uttered the words, most expressive of his own feelings: O my relatives and friends, will my country ever have another citizen like me? Thus ended the life of this illustrious man. One index of his character should not be passed over." + }, + { + "id": 15713, + "la": "Cum aedificaret domum in Palatio in eo loco, ubi est quae quondam Ciceronis, mox Censorini fuit, nunc Statilii Sisennae est, promitteretque ei architectus, ita se eam aedificaturum, ut liber a conspectu immunisque ab omnibus arbitris esset neque quisquam in eam despicere posset, tu vero, inquit, si quid in te artis est, ita compone domum meam, ut, quidquid agam, ab omnibus perspici possit", + "en": "When he was building his house on the Palatine on the site where now stands the house which once belonged to Cicero, and later to Censorinus, and which now belongs to Statilius Sisenna, the architect offered to build it in such a way that he would be free from the public gaze, safe from all espionage, and that no one could look down into it. Livius replied, If you possess the skill you must build my house in such a way that whatever I do shall be seen by all." + }, + { + "id": 15714, + "la": "Mors Drusi iam pridem tumescens bellum excitavit Italicum;", + "en": "The long smouldering fires of an Italian war were now fanned into flame by the death of Drusus." + }, + { + "id": 15715, + "la": "quippe L Caesare et P Rutilio consulibus abhinc annos centum viginti, universa Italia, cum id malum ab Asculanis ortum esset (quippe Servilium praetorem Fonteiumque legatum occiderant) ac deinde a Marsis exceptum in omnis penetrasset regiones, arma adversus Romanos cepit", + "en": "One hundred and twenty years ago,a in the consulship of Lucius Caesar and Publius Rutilius, all Italy took up arms against the Romans. The rebellion began with the people of Asculum, who had put to death the praetor Servilius and Fonteius, his deputy; it was then taken up by the Marsi, and from them it made its ways into all the districts of Italy." + }, + { + "id": 15716, + "la": "Quorum ut fortuna atrox, ita causa fuit iustissima: petebant enim eam civitatem, cuius imperium armis tuebantur: per omnis annos atque omnia bella duplici numero se militum equitumque fungi neque in eius civitatis ius recipi, quae per eos in id ipsum pervenisset fastigium, per quod homines eiusdem et gentis et sanguinis ut externos alienosque fastidire posset", + "en": "The fortune of the Italians was as cruel as their cause was just; for they were seeking citizenship in the state whose power they were defending by their arms; every year and in every war they were furnishing a double number of men, both of cavalry and of infantry, and yet were not admitted to the rights of citizens in the state which, through their efforts, had reached so high a position that it could look down upon men of the same race and blood as foreigners and aliens." + }, + { + "id": 15717, + "la": "Id bellum amplius trecenta milia iuventutis Italicae abstulit", + "en": "This war carried off more than three hundred thousand of the youth of Italy." + }, + { + "id": 15718, + "la": "Clarissimi autem imperatores fuerunt Romani eo bello Cn Pompeius, Cn Pompei Magni pater, C Marius, de quo praediximus, L Sulla anno ante praetura functus, Q Metellus, Numidici filius, qui meritum cognomen Pii consecutus erat: quippe expulsum civitate a L Saturnino tribuno plebis, quod solus in leges eius iurare noluerat, pietate sua, auctoritate senatus, consensu rei publicae restituit patrem", + "en": "On the Roman side in this war the most illustrious commanders were Gnaeus Pompeius, father of Pompey the Great, Gaius Marius, already mentioned, Lucius Sulla, who in the previous year had filled the praetorship, and Quintus Metellus, son of Metellus Numidicus, who had deservedly received the cognomen of Pius,a for when his father had been exiled from the state by Lucius Saturninus, the tribune of the people, because he alone refused to observe the laws which the tribune had made, the son had effected his restoration through his own devotion, aided by the authority of the senate and the unanimous sentiment of the whole state." + }, + { + "id": 15719, + "la": "Nec triumphis honoribusque quam aut causa exilii aut exilio aut reditu clarior fuit Numidicus", + "en": "Numidicus earned no greater renown by his triumphs and public honours than he earned by the cause of his exile, his exile, and the manner of his return." + }, + { + "id": 15720, + "la": "Italicorum autem fuerunt celeberrimi duces Silo Popaedius, Herius Asinius, Insteius Cato, C Pontidius, Telesinus Pontius, Marius Egnatius, Papius Mutilus", + "en": "On the Italian side the most celebrated generals were Silo Popaedius, Herius Asinius, Insteius Cato, Gaius Pontidius, Telesinus Pontius, Marius Ignatius, and Papius Mutilus;" + }, + { + "id": 15721, + "la": "Neque ego verecundia domestici sanguinis gloriae quidquam, dum verum refero, subtraham: quippe multum Minatii Magii, atavi mei, Aeculanensis, tribuendum est memoriae, qui nepos Decii Magii, Campanorum principis, celeberrimi et fidelissimi viri, tantam hoc bello Romanis fidem praestitit, ut cum legione, quam ipse in Hirpinis conscripserat, Herculaneum simul cum T Didio caperet, Pompeios cum L Sulla oppugnaret Compsamque occuparet: cuius de virtutibus cum alii, tum maxime dilucide Q Hortensius in annalibus suis rettulit", + "en": "nor ought I, through excess of modesty, to deprive my own kin of glory, especially when that which I record is the truth; for much credit is due the memory of my great-grandfather Minatius Magius of Aeculanum, grandson of Decius Magius, leader of the Campanians, of proven loyalty and distinction. Such fidelity did Minatius display towards the Romans in this war that, with a legion which he himself had enrolled among the Hirpini, he took Herculaneum in conjunction with Titus Didius, was associated with Lucius Sulla in the siege of Pompeii, and occupied Compsa. Several historians have recorded his services, but the most extensive and clearest testimony is that of Quintus Hortensius in his Annals." + }, + { + "id": 15722, + "la": "Cuius illi pietati plenam populus Romanus gratiam rettulit ipsum viritim civitate donando, duos filios eius creando praetores, cum seni adhuc crearentur", + "en": "The Romans abundantly repaid his loyal zeal by a special grant of the citizenship to himself, and by making his sons praetors at a time when the number elected was still confined to six." + }, + { + "id": 15723, + "la": "Tam varia atque atrox fortuna Italici belli fuit, ut per biennium continuum duo Romani consules, Rutilius ac deinde Cato Porcius, ab hostibus occiderentur, exercitus populi Romani multis in locis funderentur, utque ad saga iretur diuque in eo habitu maneretur", + "en": "So bitter was this Italian war, and such its vicissitudes, that in two successive years two Roman consuls, first Rutilius and subsequently Cato Porcius, were slain by the enemy, the armies of the Roman people were routed in many places, and the Romans were compelled to resort to military dressb and to remain long in that garb." + }, + { + "id": 15724, + "la": "Caput imperii sui Corfinium legerant atque appellarant Italicam", + "en": "The Italians chose Corfinium as their capital, and named it Italica." + }, + { + "id": 15725, + "la": "Paulatim deinde recipiendo in civitatem, qui arma aut non ceperant aut deposuerant maturius, vires refectae sunt, Pompeio Sullaque et Mario fluentem procumbentemque rem populi Romani restituentibus", + "en": "Then little by little the strength of the Romans was recruited by admitting to the citizenship those who had not taken arms or had not been slow to lay them down again, and Pompeius, Sulla, and Marius restored the tottering power of the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 15726, + "la": "Finito ex maxima parte, nisi quae Nolani belli manebant reliquiae, Italico bello, quo quidem Romani victis adflictisque ipsi exarmati quam integri universis civitatem dare maluerunt, consulatum inierunt Q Pompeius et L Cornelius Sulla, vir qui neque ad finem victoriae satis laudari neque post victoriam abunde vituperari potest", + "en": "Except for the remnants of hostility which lingered at Nola the Italian war was now in large measure ended, the Romans, themselves exhausted, consenting to grant the citizenship individually to the conquered and humbled states in preference to giving it to them as a body when their own strength was still unimpaired.c This was the year in which Quintus Pompeius and Lucius Cornelius Sullad entered upon the consulship. Sulla was a man to whom, up to the conclusion of his career of victory, sufficient praise can hardly be given, and for whom, after his victory, no condemnation can be adequate." + }, + { + "id": 15727, + "la": "Hic natus familia nobili, sextus a Cornelio Rufino, qui bello Pyrrhi inter celeberrimos fuerat duces, cum familiae eius claritudo intermissa esset, diu ita se gessit, ut nullam petendi consulatum cogitationem habere videretur", + "en": "He was sprung of a noble family, the sixth in descent from the Cornelius Rufinus who had been one of the famous generals in the war with Pyrrhus. As the renown of his family had waned, Sulla acted for a long while as though he had no thought of seeking the consulship." + }, + { + "id": 15728, + "la": "deinde post praeturam inlustratus bello Italico et ante in Gallia legatione sub Mario, qua eminentissimos duces hostium fuderat, ex successu animum sumpsit petensque consulatum paene omnium civium suffragiis factus est; sed eum honorem undequinquagesimo aetatis suae anno adsecutus est", + "en": "Then, after his praetorship, having earned distinction not only in the Italian war but also, even before that, in Gaul, where he was second in command to Marius, and had routed the most eminent leaders of the enemy, encouraged by his successes, he became a candidate for the consulship and was elected by an almost unanimous vote of the citizens. But this honour did not come to him until the forty-ninth year of his age." + }, + { + "id": 15729, + "la": "Per ea tempora Mithridates, Ponticus rex, vir neque silendus neque dicendus sine cura, bello acerrimus, virtute eximius, aliquando fortuna, semper animo maximus, consiliis dux, miles manu, odio in Romanos Hannibal, occupata Asia necatisque in ea omnibus civibus Romanis, quos quidem eadem die atque hora redditis civitatibus litteris ingenti cum pollicitatione praemiorum interimi iusserat, quo tempore neque fortitudine adversus Mithridatem neque fide in Romanos quisquam Rhodiis par fuit (horum fidem Mytilenaeorum perfidia inluminavit,", + "en": "It was about this timea that Mithridates, king of Pontus, seized Asia and put to death all Roman citizens in it. He was a man about whom one cannot speak except with concern nor yet pass by in silence; he was ever eager for war, of exceptional bravery, always great in spirit and sometimes in achievement, in strategy a general, in bodily prowess a soldier, in hatred to the Romans a Hannibal. He had sent messages to the various cities of Asia in which he had held out great promises of reward, ordering that all Romans should be massacred on the same day and hour throughout the province. In this crisis none equalled the Rhodians either in courageous opposition to Mithridates or in loyalty to the Romans. Their fidelity gained lustre from the perfidy of the people of Mytilene," + }, + { + "id": 15730, + "la": "qui M Aquilium aliosque Mithridati vinctos tradiderunt, quibus libertas in unius Theophanis gratiam postea a Pompeio restituta est), cum terribilis Italiae quoque videretur imminere, sorte obvenit Sullae Asia provincia", + "en": "who handed Manius Aquilius and other Romans over to Mithridates in chains. The Mytilenians subsequently had their liberty restored by Pompey solely in consideration of his friendship for Theophanes. When Mithridates was now regarded as a formidable menace to Italy herself, the province of Asia fell to the lot of Sulla, as proconsul." + }, + { + "id": 15731, + "la": "Is egressus urbe cum circa Nolam moraretur (quippe ea urbs pertinacissime arma retinebat exercituque Romano obsidebatur, velut paeniteret eius fidei, quam omnium sanctissimam bello praestiterat Punico),", + "en": "Sulla departed from the city, but was still lingering in the vicinity of Nola, since that city, as though regretting its exceptional loyalty so sacredly maintained in the Punic war, still persisted in maintaining armed resistance to Rome and was being besieged by a Roman army." + }, + { + "id": 15732, + "la": "P Sulpicius tribunus plebis, disertus, acer, opibus gratia amicitiis vigore ingenii atque animi celeberrimus, cum antea rectissima voluntate apud populum maxumam quaesisset dignitatem, quasi pigeret eum virtutum suarum et bene consulta ei male cederent, subito pravus et praeceps se C Mario post septuagesimum annum omnia imperia et omnis provincias concupiscenti addixit legemque ad populum tulit, qua Sullae imperium abrogaretur, C Mario bellum decerneretur Mithridaticum, aliasque leges perniciosas et exitiabiles neque tolerandas liberae civitati tulit", + "en": "While he was still there Publius Sulpicius, tribune of the people, a man of eloquence and energy, who had earned distinction by his wealth, his influence, his friendships, and by the vigour of his native ability and his courage, and had previously won great influence with the people by honourable means, now, as if regretting his virtues, and discovering that an honourable course of conduct brought him only disappointment, made a sudden plunge into evil ways, and attached himself to Marius, who, though he had passed his seventieth year, still coveted every position of power and every province. Along with other pieces of pernicious and baleful legislation intolerable in a free state, he proposed a bill to the assembly of the people abrogating Sullas command, and entrusting the Mithridatic war to Gaius Marius." + }, + { + "id": 15733, + "la": "Quin etiam Q Pompei consulis filium eundemque Sullae generum per emissarios factionis suae interfecit", + "en": "He even went so far as to cause, through emissaries of his faction, the assassination of a man who was not only son of Quintus Pompeius the consul but also son-in-law of Sulla." + }, + { + "id": 15734, + "la": "Tum Sulla contracto exercitu ad urbem rediit eamque armis occupavit, duodecim auctores novarum pessimarumque rerum, inter quos Marium cum filio et P Sulpicio, urbe exturbavit ac lege lata exules fecit", + "en": "Thereupon Sulla assembled his army, returned to the city, took armed possession of it, drove from the city the twelve persons responsible for these revolutionary and vicious measures'among them Marius, his son, and Publius Sulpicius'and caused them by formal decreea to be declared exiles." + }, + { + "id": 15735, + "la": "Sulpicium etiam adsecuti equites in Laurentinis paludibus iugulavere, caputque eius erectum et ostentatum pro rostris velut omen inminentis proscriptionis fuit", + "en": "Sulpicius was overtaken by horsemen and slain in the Laurentine marshes, and his head was raised aloft and exhibited on the front of the rostra as a presage of the impending proscription." + }, + { + "id": 15736, + "la": "Marius post sextum consulatum annumque septuagesimum nudus ac limo obrutus, oculis tantummodo ac naribus eminentibus, extractus arundineto circa paludem Maricae, in quam se fugiens consectantis Sullae equites abdiderat, iniecto in collum loro in carcerem Minturnensium iussu duumviri perductus est", + "en": "Marius, who had held six consulships and was now more than seventy years of age, was dragged, naked and covered with mud, his eyes and nostrils alone showing above the water, from a reed-bed near the marsh of Marica, where he had taken refuge when pursued by the cavalry of Sulla. A rope was cast about his neck and he was led to the prison of Minturnae on the order of its duumvir." + }, + { + "id": 15737, + "la": "Ad quem interficiendum missus cum gladio servus publicus natione Germanus, qui forte ab imperatore eo bello Cimbrico captus erat, ut agnovit Marium, magno eiulatu expromens indignationem casus tanti viri abiecto gladio profugit e carcere", + "en": "A public slave of German nationality was sent with a sword to put him to death. It happened that this man had been taken a prisoner by Marius when he was commander in the war against the Cimbri; when he recognized Marius, giving utterance with loud outcry to his indignation at the plight of this great man, he threw away his sword and fled from the prison." + }, + { + "id": 15738, + "la": "Tum cives, ab hoste misereri paulo ante principis viri docti, instructum eum viatico conlataque veste in navem imposuerunt", + "en": "Then the citizens, taught by a foreign enemy to pity one who had so short a time before been the first man in the state, furnished Marius with money, brought clothing to cover him, and put him on board a ship." + }, + { + "id": 15739, + "la": "At ille adsecutus circa insulam Aenariam filium cursum in Africam direxit inopemque vitam in tugurio ruinarum Carthaginiensium toleravit, cum Marius aspiciens Carthaginem, illa intuens Marium, alter alteri possent esse solacio", + "en": "Marius, overtaking his son near Aenaria, steered his course for Africa, where he endured a life of poverty in a hut amid the ruins of Carthage. There Marius, as he gazed upon Carthage, and Carthage as she beheld Marius, might well have offered consolation the one to the other." + }, + { + "id": 15740, + "la": "Hoc primum anno sanguine consulis Romani militis imbutae manus sunt; quippe Q Pompeius, collega Sullae, ab exercitu Cn Pompei proconsulis seditione, sed quam dux creaverat, interfectus est", + "en": "In this year the hands of Roman soldiers were first stained with the blood of a consul. Quintus Pompeius, the colleague of Sulla, was slain by the army of Gnaeus Pompeius the proconsul in a mutiny which their general himself had stirred up." + }, + { + "id": 15741, + "la": "Non erat Mario Sulpicioque Cinna temperatior", + "en": "Cinna was a man as lacking in restraint as Marius and Sulpicius." + }, + { + "id": 15742, + "la": "Itaque cum ita civitas Italiae data esset, ut in octo tribus contribuerentur novi cives, ne potentia eorum et multitudo veterum civium dignitatem frangeret plusque possent recepti in beneficium quam auctores beneficii, Cinna in omnibus tribubus eos se distributurum pollicitus est: quo nomine ingentem totius Italiae frequentiam in urbem acciverat", + "en": "Accordingly, although the citizenship had been given to Italy with the proviso that the new citizens should be enrolled in but eight tribes, so that their power and numbers might not weaken the prestige of the older citizens, and that the beneficiaries might not have greater power than the benefactors, Cinna now promised to distribute them throughout all the tribes. With this object he had brought together into the city a great multitude from all parts of Italy." + }, + { + "id": 15743, + "la": "E qua pulsus collegae optimatiumque viribus cum in Campaniam tenderet, ex auctoritate senatus consulatus ei abrogatus est suffectusque in eius locum L Cornelius Merula flamen dialis", + "en": "But he was driven from the city by the united strength of his colleague and the optimates, and set out for Campania. His consulship was abrogated by the authority of the senate and Lucius Cornelius Merula, priest of Jupiter, was chosen consul in his place." + }, + { + "id": 15744, + "la": "Haec iniuria homine quam exemplo dignior fuit", + "en": "This illegal act was more appropriate in the case of Cinna than it was a good precedent." + }, + { + "id": 15745, + "la": "Tum Cinna corruptis primo centurionibus ac tribunis, mox etiam spe largitionis militibus, ab eo exercitu, qui circa Nolam erat, receptus est", + "en": "Cinna was then received by the army at Nola, after corrupting first the centurions and tribunes and then even the private soldiers with promises of largesse.a" + }, + { + "id": 15746, + "la": "Is cum universus in verba eius iurasset, retinens insignia consulatus patriae bellum intulit, fretus ingenti numero novorum civium, e quorum delectu trecentas amplius cohortes conscripserat ac triginta legionum instar impleverat", + "en": "When they all had sworn allegiance to him, while still retaining the insignia of the consulate he waged war upon his country, relying upon the enormous number of new citizens, from whom he had levied more than three hundred cohorts, thus raising the number of his troops to the equivalent of thirty legions." + }, + { + "id": 15747, + "la": "Opus erat partibus auctoritate, cuius augendae gratia C Marium cum filio de exilio revocavit quique cum iis pulsi erant", + "en": "But his party lacked the backing of strong men; to remedy this defect he recalled Gaius Marius and his son from exile, and also those who had been banished with them." + }, + { + "id": 15748, + "la": "Dum bellum autem infert patriae Cinna, Cn Pompeius, Magni pater, cuius praeclara opera bello Marsico praecipue circa Picenum agrum, ut praescripsimus, usa erat res publica quique Asculum ceperat, circa quam urbem, cum in multis aliis regionibus exercitus dispersi forent, quinque et septuaginta milia civium Romanorum, amplius sexaginta Italicorum una die conflixerant, frustratus spe continuandi consulatus ita se dubium mediumque partibus praestitit, ut omnia ex proprio usu ageret temporibusque insidiari videretur, et huc atque illuc, unde spes maior adfulsisset potentiae, sese exercitumque deflecteret", + "en": "While Cinna was waging war against his country, the conduct of Gnaeus Pompeius, the father of Pompey the Great, was somewhat equivocal. As I have already told, the state had made use of his distinguished services in the Marsian war, particularly in the territory of Picenum; he had taken Asculum, in the vicinity of which, though armies were scattered in other regions also, seventy-five thousand Roman citizens and more than sixty thousand Italians had met in battle on a single day. Foiled in his hope of a second term in the consulship, he maintained a doubtful and neutral attitude as between the two parties, so that he seemed to be acting entirely in his own interest and to be watching his chance, turning with his army now to one side and now to the other, according as each offered a greater promise for power for himself." + }, + { + "id": 15749, + "la": "Sed ad ultimum magno atrocique proelio cum Cinna conflixit: cuius commissi patratique sub ipsis moenibus focisque urbis Romanae pugnantibus spectantibusque quam fuerit eventus exitiabilis, vix verbis exprimi potest", + "en": "In the end, however, he fought against Cinna in a great and bloody battle. Words almost fail to express how disastrous to combatants and spectators alike was the issue of this battle, which began and ended beneath the walls and close to the very hearths of Rome." + }, + { + "id": 15750, + "la": "Post hoc cum utrumque exercitum velut parum bello exhaustum laceraret pestilentia, Cn Pompeius decessit", + "en": "Shortly after this battle, while pestilence was ravaging both armies, as though their strength had not been sapped enough by the war, Gnaeus Pompeius died." + }, + { + "id": 15751, + "la": "Cuius interitus voluptas amissorum aut gladio aut morbo civium paene damno repensata est, populusque Romanus quam vivo iracundiam debuerat, in corpus mortui contulit", + "en": "The joy felt at his death almost counterbalanced the feeling of loss for the citizens who had perished by sword or pestilence, and the Roman people vented upon his dead body the hatred it had owed him while he lived." + }, + { + "id": 15752, + "la": "Seu duae seu tres Pompeiorum fuere familiae, primus eius nominis ante annos fere centum sexaginta septem Q Pompeius cum Cn Servilio consul fuit", + "en": "Whether there were two families of the Pompeii or three, the first of that name to be consul was Quintus Pompeius, who was colleague of Gnaeus Servilius, about one hundred and sixty-seven years ago." + }, + { + "id": 15753, + "la": "Cinna et Marius haud incruentis utrimque certaminibus editis urbem occupaverunt, sed prior ingressus Cinna de recipiendo Mario legem tulit", + "en": "Cinna and Marius both seized the city after conflicts which caused much shedding of blood on both sides, but Cinna was the first to enter it, whereupon he proposed a law authorizing the recall of Marius." + }, + { + "id": 15754, + "la": "Mox C Marius pestifero civibus suis reditu intravit moenia", + "en": "Then Gaius Marius entered the city, and his return was fraught with calamity for the citizens." + }, + { + "id": 15755, + "la": "Nihil illa victoria fuisset crudelius, nisi mox Sullana esset secuta; neque licentia gladiorum in mediocris saevitum, sed excelsissimi quoque atque eminentissimi civitatis viri variis suppliciorum generibus adfecti", + "en": "No victory would ever have exceeded his in cruelty had Sullas not followed soon afterwards. Nor did the licence of the sword play havoc among the obscure alone; the highest and most distinguished men in the state were made the victims of many kinds of vengeance." + }, + { + "id": 15756, + "la": "In iis consul Octavius, vir lenissimi animi, iussu Cinnae interfectus est", + "en": "Amongst these Octavius the consul, a man of the mildest temper, was slain by the command of Cinna." + }, + { + "id": 15757, + "la": "Merula autem, qui se sub adventum Cinnae consulatu abdicaverat, incisis venis superfusoque altaribus sanguine, quos saepe pro salute rei publicae flamen dialis precatus erat deos, eos in execrationem Cinnae partiumque eius tum precatus optime de re publica meritum spiritum reddidit", + "en": "Merula, however, who had abdicated his consulship just before the arrival of Cinna, opened his veins and, as his blood drenched the altars, he implored the gods to whom, as priest of Jupiter, he had formerly prayed for safety of the state, to visit their wrath upon Cinna and his party. Thus did he yield up the life which had served the state so well." + }, + { + "id": 15758, + "la": "M Antonius, princeps civitatis atque eloquentiae, gladiis militum, quos ipsos facundia sua moratus erat,|iussu Marii Cinnaeque confossus est", + "en": "Marcus Antonius, the foremost statesman and orator of Rome, was struck down, at the order of Marius and Cinna, by the swords of soldiers, though he caused even these to hesitate by the power of his eloquence." + }, + { + "id": 15759, + "la": "Q Catulus, et aliarum virtutum et belli Cimbrici gloria, quae illi cum Mario communis fuerat, celeberrimus, cum ad mortem conquireretur, conclusit se loco nuper calce harenaque perpolito inlatoque igni, qui vim odoris excitaret, simul exitiali hausto spiritu, simul incluso suo mortem magis voto quam arbitrio inimicorum obiit", + "en": "Then there was Quintus Catulus, renowned for his virtues in general and for the glory, which he had shared with Marius, of having won the Cimbrian war; when he was being hunted down for death, he shut himself in a room that had lately been plastered with lime and sand; then he brought fire that it might cause a powerful vapour to issue from the plaster, and by breathing the poisonous air and then holding his breath he died a death according rather with his enemies wishes than with their judgement." + }, + { + "id": 15760, + "la": "Omnia erant praecipitia in re publica, nec tamen adhuc quisquam inveniebatur, qui bona civis Romani aut donare auderet aut petere sustineret", + "en": "The whole state was now plunging headlong into ruin; and yet no one had so far appeared who either dared to offer for pillage the goods of a Roman citizen, or could bring himself to demand them." + }, + { + "id": 15761, + "la": "Postea id quoque accessit, ut saevitiae causam avaritia praeberet et modus culpae ex pecuniae modo constitueretur et qui fuisset locuples, fieret is nocens, suique quisque periculi merces foret, nec quidquam videretur turpe, quod esset quaestuosum", + "en": "Later, however, even this extreme was reached, and avarice furnished a motive for ruthlessness; the magnitude of ones crime was determined by the magnitude of his property; he who possessed riches became a malefactor and was in each case the prizea set up for his own murder. In short nothing was regarded as dishonourable that brought profit." + }, + { + "id": 15762, + "la": "Secundum deinde consulatum Cinna et septimum Marius in priorum dedecus iniit, cuius initio morbo oppressus decessit, vir in bello hostibus, in otio civibus infestissimus quietisque impatientissimus", + "en": "Cinna then entered upon his second consulship, and Marius upon his seventh,c only to bring dishonour upon his former six. An illness which came upon Marius at the very beginning of his year of office ended the life of this man, who, impatient as he was of tranquillity, was as dangerous to his fellow-citizens in peace as he had been in war to Romes enemies." + }, + { + "id": 15763, + "la": "In huius locum suffectus Valerius Flaccus, turpissimae legis auctor, qua creditoribus quadrantem solvi iusserat, cuius facti merita eum poena intra biennium consecuta est", + "en": "In his place was chosen as consul suffectus Valerius Flaccus, the author of a most disgraceful law, by which he had ordained that one-fourth only of a debt should be paid to the creditors, an act for which a well-deserved punishment overtook him within two years." + }, + { + "id": 15764, + "la": "Dominante in Italia Cinna maior pars nobilitatis ad Sullam in Achaiam ac deinde post in Asiam perfugit", + "en": "During this time, while Cinna held the reins of power in Italy, a large proportion of the nobles took refuge with Sulla in Achaea, and afterwards in Asia." + }, + { + "id": 15765, + "la": "Sulla interim cum Mithridatis praefectis circa Athenas Boeotiamque et Macedoniam ita dimicavit, ut et Athenas reciperet et plurimo circa multiplicis Piraei portus munitiones labore expleto amplius ducenta milia hostium interficeret nec minus multa caperet", + "en": "In the meantime Sulla fought with the generals of Mithridates at Athens, in Boeotia, and in Macedonia with such success that he recovered Athens, and, after surmounting many difficulties in overcoming the manifold fortifications of Piraeus, slew more than two hundred thousand of the enemy and made prisoners of as many more." + }, + { + "id": 15766, + "la": "Si quis hoc rebellandi tempus, quo Athenae oppugnatae a Sulla sunt, imputat Atheniensibus, nimirum veri vetustatisque ignarus est: adeo enim certa Atheniensium in Romanos fides fuit,", + "en": "If anyone regards this period of rebellion, during which Athens suffered siege at the hands of Sulla, as a breach of good faith on the part of the Athenians, he shows a strange ignorance of the facts of history; for so constant was the loyalty of the Athenians towards the Romans" + }, + { + "id": 15767, + "la": "ut semper et in omni re, quidquid sincera fide gereretur, id Romani Attica fieri praedicarent Ceterum tum oppressi Mithridatis armis homines miserrimae condicionis cum ab inimicis tenerentur, oppugnabantur ab amicis et animos extra moenia, corpora necessitati servientes intra muros habebant", + "en": "that always and invariably, whenever the Romans referred to any act of unqualified loyalty, they called it an example of Attic faith. But at this time, overwhelmed as they were by the arms of Mithridates, the Athenians were in a most unhappy plight. Held in subjection by their enemies and besieged by their friends, although in obedience to necessity they kept their bodies within the walls, their hearts were outside their fortifications." + }, + { + "id": 15768, + "la": "Transgressus deinde in Asiam Sulla parentem ad omnia supplicemque Mithridatem invenit, quem multatum pecunia ac parte navium Asia omnibusque aliis provinciis, quas armis occupaverat, decedere cogit, captivos recepit, in perfugas noxiosque animadvertit, paternis, id est Ponticis finibus contentum esse iussit", + "en": "After the capture of Athens Sulla crossed into Asia, where he found Mithridates submissive to all his demands and in the attitude of a suppliant He compelled him, after paying a fine in money and giving up half his fleet, to evacuate Asiab and all the other provinces which he had seized; he also secured the return of all prisoners, inflicted punishment upon deserters and others who had been in any way culpable, and obliged Mithridates to be satisfied with the boundaries of his inheritance, that is to say, with Pontus." + }, + { + "id": 15769, + "la": "C Flavius Fimbria, qui praefectus equitum ante adventum Sullae Valerium Flaccum consularem virum interfecerat exercituque occupato imperator appellatus forti Mithridatem pepulerat proelio, sub adventu Sullae se ipse interemit, adulescens, quae pessime ausus erat, fortiter executus", + "en": "Before the arrival of Sulla, Gaius Flavius Fimbria, prefect of horse, had put to death Valerius Flaccus, a man of consular rank, had taken command of his army, by which he was saluted as imperator, and had succeeded in defeating Mithridates in battle. Now, on the eve of Sullas arrival, he took his own life. He was a young man who, however reprehensible his bold designs might be, at any rate executed them with bravery." + }, + { + "id": 15770, + "la": "Eodem anno P Laenas tribunus plebis Sex Lucilium, qui priore anno tribunus plebis fuerat, saxo Tarpeio deiecit, et cum collegae eius, quibus diem dixerat, metu ad Sullam profugissent, aqua ignique iis interdixit", + "en": "In the same year Publius Laenas, tribune of the people, threw Sextus Lucilius, tribune of the previous year, from the Tarpeian rock. When his colleagues, whom he also indicted, fled in fear to Sulla, he had a decree of banishment passed against them." + }, + { + "id": 15771, + "la": "Tum Sulla compositis transmarinis rebus, cum ad eum primum omnium Romanorum legati Parthorum venissent, et in iis quidam magi ex notis corporis respondissent caelestem eius vitam et memoriam futuram, revectus in Italiam haud plura quam triginta armatorum milia adversum ducenta amplius hostium exposuit Brundusii", + "en": "Sulla had now settled affairs across the sea. There came to him ambassadors of the Parthians'he was the first of the Romans to be so honoured'and among them some wise men who, from the marks on his body, foretold that his life and his fame would be worthy of a god. Returning to Italy he landed at Brundisium,a having not more than thirty thousand men to face more than two hundred thousand of the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 15772, + "la": "Vix quidquam in Sullae operibus clarius duxerim, quam quod cum per triennium Cinnanae Marianaeque partes Italiam obsiderent, neque inlaturum se bellum iis dissimulavit nec quod erat in manibus omisit, existimavitque ante frangendum hostem quam ulciscendum civem, repulsoque externo metu, ubi quod alienum esset vicisset, superaret quod erat domesticum", + "en": "Of all the exploits of Sulla there is nothing that I should consider more noteworthy than that, during the three years in which the party of Marius and Cinna were continuously masters of Italy, he never hid from them his intention to wage war on them, but at the same time he did not interrupt the war which he then had on his hands. He considered that his duty was to crush the enemy before taking vengeance upon citizens, and that after he had repelled the menace of the foreigner and won a victory in this war abroad, he should then prove himself the master in a war at home." + }, + { + "id": 15773, + "la": "Ante adventum L Sullae Cinna seditione orta ab exercitu interemptus est, vir dignior, qui arbitrio victorum moreretur quam iracundia militum", + "en": "Before Sullas arrival Cinna was slain in a mutiny of his army. He was a man who deserved to die by the sentence of his victorious enemies rather than at the hands of his angry soldiers." + }, + { + "id": 15774, + "la": "De quo vere dici potest, ausum esse eum quae nemo auderet bonus, perfecisse quae a nullo nisi fortissimo perfici possent, et fuisse eum in consultando temerarium, in exequendo virum", + "en": "Of him one can truly say that he formed daring plans, such as no good citizen would have conceived, and that he accomplished what none but a most resolute man could have accomplished, and that he was foolhardy enough in the formulation of his plans, but in their execution a man." + }, + { + "id": 15775, + "la": "Carbo nullo suffecto collega solus toto anno consul fuit", + "en": "Carbo remained sole consul throughout the year without electing a colleague in the place of Cinna." + }, + { + "id": 15776, + "la": "Putares Sullam venisse in Italiam non belli vindicem, sed pacis auctorem: tanta cum quiete exercitum per Calabriam Apuliamque cum singulari cura frugum, agrorum, hominum, urbium perduxit in Campaniam temptavitque iustis legibus et aequis condicionibus bellum componere; sed iis, quibus et res pessima et immodica cupiditas erat, non poterat pax placere", + "en": "One would think that Sulla had come to Italy, not as the champion of war but as the establisher of peace, so quietly did he lead his army through Calabria and Apulia into Campania, taking unusual care not to inflict damage on crops, fields, men, or cities, and such efforts did he make to end the war on just terms and fair conditions. But peace could not be to the liking of men whose cause was wicked and whose cupidity was unbounded." + }, + { + "id": 15777, + "la": "Crescebat interim in dies Sullae exercitus confluentibus ad eum optimo quoque et sanissimo", + "en": "In the meantime Sullas army was daily growing, for all the better and saner citizens flocked to his side." + }, + { + "id": 15778, + "la": "Felici deinde circa Capuam eventu Scipionem Norbanumque consules superat, quorum Norbanus acie victus, Scipio ab exercitu suo desertus ac proditus inviolatus a Sulla dimissus est", + "en": "By a fortunate issue of events he overcame the consuls Scipio and Norbanus near Capua.a Norbanus was defeated in battle, while Scipio, deserted and betrayed by his army, was allowed by Sulla to go unharmed." + }, + { + "id": 15779, + "la": "Adeo enim Sulla dissimilis fuit bellator ac victor, ut dum vincit, mitis ac iustissimo lenior, post victoriam audito fuerit crudelior", + "en": "So different was Sulla the warrior from Sulla the victor that, while his victory was in progress he was mild and more lenient than was reasonable, but after it was won his cruelty was unprecedented." + }, + { + "id": 15780, + "la": "Nam et consulem, ut praediximus, exarmatum Quintumque Sertorium, pro quanti mox belli facem! et multos alios, potitus eorum, dimisit incolumes, credo ut in eodem homine duplicis ac diversissimi animi conspiceretur exemplum", + "en": "For instance, as we have already said, he disarmed the consul and let him go, and after gaining possession of many leaders including Quintus Sertorius, so soon to become the firebrand of a great war,b he dismissed them unharmed. The reason, I suppose, was that we might have a notable example of a double and utterly contradictory personality in one and the same man." + }, + { + "id": 15781, + "la": "Post victoriam'namque ascendens montem Tifata cum C Norbano concurrerat'Sulla gratis Dianae, cuius numini regio illa sacrata est, solvit; aquas salubritate medendisque corporibus nobiles agrosque omnis addixit deae", + "en": "It was while Sulla was ascending Mount Tifata that he had encountered Gaius Norbanus. After his victory over him he paid a vow of gratitude to Diana, to whom that region is sacred, and consecrated to the goddess the waters renowned for their salubrity and power to heal, as well as all the lands in the vicinity." + }, + { + "id": 15782, + "la": "Huius gratae religionis memoriam et inscriptio templi adfixa posti hodieque et tabula testatur aerea intra aedem", + "en": "The record of this pleasing act of piety is witnessed to this day by an inscription on the door of the temple, and a bronze tablet within the edifice." + }, + { + "id": 15783, + "la": "Deinde consules Carbo tertium et C Marius, septiens consulis filius, annos natus sex et viginti, vir animi magis quam aevi paterni, multa fortiterque molitus neque usquam inferior nomine suo", + "en": "Carbo now became consul for the third time, in conjunction with Gaius Marius, now aged twenty-six, the son of a father who had been seven times consul. He was a man who showed his fathers spirit, though not destined to reach his years, who displayed great fortitude in the many enterprises he undertook, and never belied the name." + }, + { + "id": 15784, + "la": "Is apud Sacriportum pulsus a Sulla acie Praeneste, quod ante natura munitum praesidiis firmaverat, se exercitumque contulit", + "en": "Defeated by Sulla at Sacriportus he retired with his army to Praeneste, which town, thongh already strong by nature, he had strengthened by a garrison." + }, + { + "id": 15785, + "la": "Ne quid usquam malis publicis deesset, in qua civitate semper virtutibus certatum erat, certabatur sceleribus, optimusque sibi videbatur, qui fuerat pessimus", + "en": "In order that nothing should be lacking to the calamities of the state, in Rome, a city in which there had already been rivalry in virtues, there was now a rivalry in crimes, and that man now regarded himself as the best citizen who had formerly been the worst." + }, + { + "id": 15786, + "la": "Quippe dum ad Sacriportum dimicatur, Damasippus praetor Domitium consularem, Scaevolam Mucium, pontificem maximum et divini humanique iuris auctorem celeberrimum, et C Carbonem praetorium, consulis fratrem, et Antistium aedilicium velut faventis Sullae partibus in curia Hostilia trucidavit", + "en": "While the battle was being fought at Sacriportus, within the city the praetor Damasippus murdered in the Curia Hostilia, as supposed partisans of Sulla, Domitius, a man of consular rank; Scaevola Mucius, pontifex maximus and famous author of works on religious and civil law; Gaius Carbo, a former praetor, and brother of the consul, and Antistius, a former aedile." + }, + { + "id": 15787, + "la": "Non perdat nobilissimi facti gloriam Calpurnia, Bestiae filia, uxor Antistii, quae iugulato, ut praediximus, viro gladio se ipsa transfixit", + "en": "May Calpurnia, the daughter of Bestia and wife of Antistius, never lose the glory of a noble deed; for, when her husband was put to death, as I have just said, she pierced her own breast with the sword." + }, + { + "id": 15788, + "la": "Quantum huius gloriae famaeque accessit nunc virtute feminae! nec propria latet", + "en": "What increment has his glory and fame received through this brave act of a woman! and yet his own name is by no means obscure." + }, + { + "id": 15789, + "la": "At Pontius Telesinus, dux Samnitium, vir domi bellique fortissimus penitusque Romano nomini infestissimus, contractis circiter quadraginta milibus fortissimae pertinacissimaeque in retinendis armis iuventutis, Carbone ac Mario consulibus abhinc annos centum et novem Kal Novembribus ita ad portam Collinam cum Sulla dimicavit, ut ad summum discrimen et eum et rem publicam perduceret, quae non maius periculum adiit Hannibalis intra tertium miliarium castra conspicata, quam eo die, quo circumvolans ordines exercitus sui Telesinus dictitansque adesse Romanis ultimum diem vociferabatur eruendam delendamque urbem, adiiciens numquam defuturos raptores Italicae libertatis lupos, nisi silva, in quam refugere solerent, esset excisa", + "en": "While Carbo and Marius were still consuls, one hundred and nine years ago, on the Kalends of November, Pontius Telesinus, a Samnite chief, brave in spirit and in action and hating to the core the very name of Rome, having collected about him forty thousand of the bravest and most steadfast youth who still persisted in retaining arms, fought with Sulla, near the Colline gate, a battle so critical as to bring both Sulla and the city into the gravest peril. Rome had not faced a greater danger when she saw the camp of Hannibal within the third milestone, than on this day when Telesinus went about from rank to rank exclaiming: The last day is at hand for the Romans, and in a loud voice exhorted his men to overthrow and destroy their city, adding: These wolves that made such ravages upon Italian liberty will never vanish until we have cut down the forest that harbours them." + }, + { + "id": 15790, + "la": "Post primam demum horam noctis et Romana acies respiravit et hostium cessit", + "en": "It was only after the first hour of the night that the Roman army was able to recover its breath, and the enemy retired." + }, + { + "id": 15791, + "la": "Telesinus postera die semianimis repertus est, victoris magis quam morientis vultum praeferens, cuius abscisum caput ferro figi gestarique circa Praeneste Sulla iussit", + "en": "The next day Telesinus was found in a half-dying condition, but with the expression of a conqueror upon his face rather than that of a dying man. Sulla ordered his severed head to be fixed upon a spear point and carried around the walls of Praeneste." + }, + { + "id": 15792, + "la": "Tum demum desperatis rebus suis C Marius adulescens per cuniculos, qui miro opere fabricati in diversas agrorum partis ferebant, conatus erumpere, cum foramine e terra emersisset, a dispositis in id ipsum interemptus est", + "en": "The young Marius, now at last despairing of his cause, endeavoured to make his way out of Praeneste through the tunnels, wrought with great engineering skill, which led into the fields in different directions; but, on emerging from the exit, he was cut off by men who had been stationed there for that purpose." + }, + { + "id": 15793, + "la": "Sunt qui sua manu, sunt qui concurrentem mutuis ictibus cum minore fratre Telesini una obsesso et erumpente occubuisse prodiderint", + "en": "Some authorities have asserted that he died by his own hand, some that he died in company with the younger brother of Telesinus, who was also besieged and was endeavouring to escape with him, and that each ran upon the others sword." + }, + { + "id": 15794, + "la": "Utcumque cecidit, hodieque tanta patris imagine non obscuratur eius memoria", + "en": "Whatever the manner of his death, his memory is not obscured even to-day by the great figure of his father." + }, + { + "id": 15795, + "la": "De quo iuvene quid existimaverit Sulla, in promptu est; occiso enim demum eo Felicis nomen adsumpsit, quod quidem usurpassef iustissime, si eundem et vincendi et vivendi finem habuisset", + "en": "Sullas estimate of the young man is manifest; for it was only after he was slain that he took the name of Felix,a a name which he would have been completely justified in assuming had his life ended with his victory." + }, + { + "id": 15796, + "la": "Oppugnationi autem Praenestis ac Marii praefuerat Ofella Lucretius, qui cum ante Marianarum fuisset partium praetor, ad Sullam transfugerat", + "en": "The siege of Marius in Praeneste was directed by Ofella Lucretius, who had been a general on the Marian side but had deserted to Sulla." + }, + { + "id": 15797, + "la": "Felicitatem diei, quo Samnitium Telesinique pulsus est exercitus, Sulla perpetua ludorum circensium honoravit memoria, qui sub eius nomine Sullanae Victoriae celebrantur", + "en": "Sulla commemorated the great good fortune which fell to him on this day by instituting an annual festival of games held in the circus, which are still celebrated as the games of Sullas victory." + }, + { + "id": 15798, + "la": "Paulo ante quam Sulla ad Sacriportum dimicaret, magnificis proeliis partium eius viri hostium exercitum fuderant, duo Servilii apud Clusium, Metellus Pius apud Faventiam, M Lucullus circa Fidentiam", + "en": "Shortly before Sullas victory at Sacriportus, several leaders of his party had routed the enemy in successful engagements; the two Servilii at Clusium, Metellus Pius at Faventia, and Marcus Lucullus in the vicinity of Fidentia." + }, + { + "id": 15799, + "la": "Videbantur finita belli civilis mala, cum Sullae crudelitate aucta sunt", + "en": "The terrors of the civil war seemed nearly at an end when they received fresh impetus from the cruelty of Sulla." + }, + { + "id": 15800, + "la": "Quippe dictator creatus (cuius honoris usurpatio per annos centum et viginti intermissa; nam proximus post annum quam Hannibal Italia excesserat, uti adpareat populum Romanum usum dictatoris haud metu desiderasse tali quo timuisset potestatem2) imperio, quo priores ad vindicandam maximis periculis rem publicam olim usi erant, eo in inmodicae crudelitatis licentiam usus est", + "en": "Being made dictator (the office had been obsolete for one hundred and twenty years, and had been last employed in the year after Hannibals departure from Italy; it is therefore clear that the fear which caused the Roman people to feel the need of a dictator was outweighed by the fear of his excessive power) Sulla now wielded with unbridled cruelty the powers which former dictators had employed only to save their country in times of extreme danger." + }, + { + "id": 15801, + "la": "Primus ille, et utinam ultimus, exemplum proscriptionis invenit, ut in qua civitate petulantis", + "en": "He was the first to set the precedent for proscription'would that he had been the last!" + }, + { + "id": 15802, + "la": "", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 15803, + "la": "P convicii iudicium histrioni ex albo redditur, in ea iugulati civis Romani publice constitueretur auctoramentum, plurimumque haberet, qui plurimos interemisset, neque occisi hostis quam civis uberius foret praemium fieretque quisque merces mortis suae", + "en": "The result was that in the very state in which an actor who had been hissed from the stage has legal redress for wilful abuse, a premium for the murder of a citizen was now publicly announced; that the richest man was he who had slain the greatest number; that the bounty for slaying an enemy was no greater than that for slaying a citizen; and that each man became the prize set up for his own death." + }, + { + "id": 15804, + "la": "Nec tantum in eos, qui contra arma tulerant, sed in multos insontis saevitum", + "en": "Nor was vengeance wreaked upon those alone who had borne arms against him, but on many innocents as well." + }, + { + "id": 15805, + "la": "Adiectum etiam, ut bona proscriptorum venirent exclusique paternis opibus liberi etiam petendorum honorum iure prohiberentur simulque, quod indignissimum est, senatorum filii et onera ordinis sustinerent et iura perderent", + "en": "In addition the goods of the proscribed were sold, and their children were not only deprived of their fathers property but were also debarred from the right of seeking public office, and to cap the climax of injustice, the sons of senators were compelled to bear the burdens and yet lose the rights pertaining to their rank." + }, + { + "id": 15806, + "la": "Sub adventum in Italiam L Sullae Cn Pompeius, eius Cn Pompei filius, quem magnificentissimas res in consulatu gessisse bello Marsico praediximus, tris et viginti annos natus, abhinc annos centum et tredecim privatis ut opibus, ita consiliis magna ausus magnificeque conata executus, ad vindicandam restituendamque dignitatem patriae firmum ex agro Piceno, qui totus paternis eius clientelis refertus erat, contraxit exercitum: cuius viri magnitudo multorum voluminum instar exigit, sed operis modus paucis eum narrari iubet", + "en": "Just before the arrival of Lucius Sulla in Italy, Gnaeus Pompeius, the son of the Gnaeus Pompeius who, as has already been mentioned, won such brilliant successes in the Marsian war during his consulship, though but twenty-three years of age'it was one hundred and thirteen years agoa'on his own initiative and with his own private funds conceived and brilliantly executed a daring plan. To avenge his country and restore her dignity he raised a strong army from the district of Picenum which was filled with the retainers of his father. To do justice to the greatness of this man would require many volumes, but the brief compass of my work compels me to limit my description to a few words." + }, + { + "id": 15807, + "la": "Fuit hic genitus matre Lucilia stirpis senatoriae, forma excellens, non ea, qua flos commendatur aetatis, sed ea dignitate constantiaque, quae in illam conveniens amplitudinem fortunamque eum ad ultimum vitae comitata est diem; innocentia eximius, sanctitate praecipuus, eloquentia medius, potentiae, quae honoris causa ad eum deferretur, non vi ab eo occuparetur, cupidissimus, dux bello peritissimus civis in toga, nisi ubi vereretur ne quem haberet parem, modestissimus, amicitiarum tenax, in offensis exorabilis, in reconcilianda gratia fidelissimus, in accipienda satisfactione facillimus, potentia sua numquam aut raro ad impotentiam usus, paene omnium vitiorum expers, nisi numeraretur inter maxima in civitate libera dominaque gentium indignari, cum omnes cives iure haberet pares, quemquam aequalem dignitate conspicere", + "en": "On the side of his mother Lucilia he was of senatorial stock. He was distinguished by a personal beauty, not of the sort which gives the bloom of youth its charm, but stately and unchanging, as befitted the distinction and good fortune of his career, and this beauty attended him to the last day of his life. He was a man of exceptional purity of life, of great uprightness of character, of but moderate oratorical talent, ambitious of such power as might be conferred upon him as a mark of honour, but not that which had to be forcibly usurped. In war a resourceful general, in peace a citizen of temperate conduct except when he feared a rival, constant in his friendships, easily placated when offended, loyal in re-establishing terms of amity, very ready to accept satisfaction, never or at least rarely abusing his power, Pompey was free from almost every fault, unless it be considered one of the greatest of faults for a man to chafe at seeing anyone his equal in dignity in a free state, the mistress of the world, where he should justly regard all citizens as his equals." + }, + { + "id": 15808, + "la": "Hic a toga virili adsuetus commilitio prudentissimi ducis, parentis sui, bonum et capax recta discendi ingenium singulari rerum militarium prudentia excoluerat, ut a Sertorio Metellus laudaretur magis, Pompeius timeretur validius", + "en": "From the day on which he had assumed the toga he had been trained to military service on the staff of that sagacious general, his father, and by a singular insight into military tactics had so developed his excellent native talent, which showed great capacity to learn what was best, that, while Sertorius bestowed the greater praise upon Metellus, it was Pompey he feared the more strongly." + }, + { + "id": 15809, + "la": "Tum M Perpenna praetorius, e proscriptis, gentis clarioris quam animi, Sertorium inter cenam Oscae interemit Romanisque certam victoriam, partibus suis excidium, sibi turpissimam mortem pessimo auctoravit facinore", + "en": "Shortly afterwards Marcus Perpenna, an ex-praetor, one of those who had been proscribed, a man more distinguished for his birth than for his character, assassinated Sertorius at Osca at a banquet.a By this wicked deed he ensured success to the Romans, and destruction to his own faction, and for himself a death of extreme dishonour." + }, + { + "id": 15810, + "la": "Metellus et Pompeius ex Hispaniis triumphaverunt; sed Pompeius, hoc quoque triumpho adhuc eques Romanus, ante diem quam consulatum iniret, curru urbem invectus est", + "en": "Metellus and Pompey won triumphs for their victories in Spain. Pompey, who even at the time of this triumph was still a Roman knight, entered the city in his triumphal car on the day before his entrance upon his consulate." + }, + { + "id": 15811, + "la": "Quem virum quis non miretur per tot extraordinaria imperia in summum fastigium evectum iniquo tulisse animo, C Caesaris absentis in altero consulatu petendo senatum populumque Romanum rationem habere: adeo familiare est hominibus omnia sibi ignoscere, nihil aliis remittere, et invidiam rerum non ad causam, sed ad voluntatem personasque dirigere", + "en": "Who is there who does not feel surprise that this man, who owed his elevation to the highest position in the state to so many extraordinary commands,a should have taken it ill that the senate and the Roman people were willing to consider Gaius Caesar as a candidate for the consulship a second time, though suing for it in absentia? So common a failing is it for mankind to overlook every irregularity in their own case, but to make no concessions to others, and to let their discontent with conditions be vented upon suspected motives and upon persons instead of the real cause." + }, + { + "id": 15812, + "la": "Hoc consulatu Pompeius tribuniciam potestatem restituit, cuius Sulla imaginem sine re reliquerat", + "en": "In this consulship Pompey restored the power of the tribunes, of which Sulla had left the shadow without the substance." + }, + { + "id": 15813, + "la": "Dum Sertorianum bellum in Hispania geritur, quattuor et sexaginta fugitivi e ludo gladiatorio Capua profugientes duce Spartaco, raptis ex ea urbe gladiis, primo Vesuvium montem petiere, mox crescente in dies multitudine gravibus variisque casibus adfecere Italiam", + "en": "While war was being waged against Sertorius in Spain sixty-four runaway slaves, under the leadership of Spartacus, escaping from a gladiatorial school in Capua, seized swords in that city, and at first took refuge on Mount Vesuvius;" + }, + { + "id": 15814, + "la": "Quorum numerus in tantum adulevit, ut qua ultima dimicavere acie, nonaginta milia hominum se Romano exercitui opposuerint", + "en": "then, as their number increased daily, they afflicted Italy with many serious disasters Their number grew to such an extent that in the last battle which they fought they confronted the Roman army with ninety thousand men." + }, + { + "id": 15815, + "la": "Huius patrati gloria penes M Crassum fuit, mox rei publicae omnium consensu principem", + "en": "The glory of ending this war belongs to Marcus Crassus, who was soon by unanimous consent to be regarded as the first citizen in the state." + }, + { + "id": 15816, + "la": "Converterat Cn Pompei persona totum in se terrarum orbem et per omnia maior civi habebatur", + "en": "The personality of Pompey had now turned the eyes of the world upon itself, and in all things he was now regarded as more than a mere citizen." + }, + { + "id": 15817, + "la": "Qui cum consul perquam laudabiliter iurasset se in nullam provinciam ex eo magistratu iturum idque servasset, post biennium A Gabinius tribunus legem tulit, ut cum belli more, non latrociniorum, orbem classibus iam, non furtivis expeditionibus piratae terrerent quasdamque etiam Italiae urbes diripuissent, Cn Pompeius ad eos opprimendos mitteretur essetque ei imperium aequum in omnibus provinciis cum proconsulibus usque ad quinquagesimum miliarium a mari", + "en": "As consul he made the laudable promise, which he also kept, that he would not go from that office to any province. But, two years afterwards, when the pirates were terrifying the world, not as heretofore by furtive marauding expeditions but with fleets of ships in the manner of regular warfare, and had already plundered several cities of Italy, Aulus Gabinius, a tribune, proposed an enactmenta to the effect that Gnaeus Pompeius should be sent to crush them, and that in all the provinces he should have a power equal with that of the proconsular governors to a distance of fifty miles from the sea." + }, + { + "id": 15818, + "la": "Quo scito paene totius terrarum orbis imperium uni viro deferebatur; sed tamen idem hoc ante septennium in M Antonii praetura decretum erat", + "en": "By this decree the command of almost the entire world was being entrusted to one man. Seven years before, it is true, like power had been decreed to Marcus Antonius as praetor." + }, + { + "id": 15819, + "la": "Sed interdum persona ut exemplo nocet, ita invidiam auget aut levat4: in Antonio homines aequo animo passi erant; raro enim invidetur eorum honoribus, quorum vis non timetur: contra in iis homines extraordinaria reformidant, qui ca suo arbitrio aut deposituri aut retenturi videntur et modum in voluntate habent", + "en": "But sometimes the personality of the recipient of such power, just as it renders the precedent more or less dangerous, increases or diminishes its invidiousness. In the case of Antonius people had looked upon his position with no concern. For it is not often that we begrudge honours to those whose power we do not fear. On the other hand men shrink from conferring extraordinary powers upon those who seem likely to retain them or lay them aside only as they themselves choose, and whose inclinations are their only check." + }, + { + "id": 15820, + "la": "Dissuadebant optimates, sed consilia impetu victa sunt", + "en": "The optimates advised against the grant to Pompey, but sane advice succumbed to impulse." + }, + { + "id": 15821, + "la": "Digna est memoria Q Catuli cum auctoritas tum verecundia", + "en": "The sterling character of Quintus Catulus and his modesty on this occasion are worthy of record." + }, + { + "id": 15822, + "la": "Qui cum dissuadens legem in contione dixisset esse quidem praeclarum virum Cn Pompeium, sed nimium iam liberae rei publicae neque omnia in uno reponenda adiecissetque: si quid huic acciderit, quem in eius locum substituetis? subclamavit universa contio, te, Q Catule", + "en": "Opposing the law before the assembled people he had said that Pompey was without question a great man, but that he was now becoming too great for a free republic, and that all powers ought not to be reposed in one man. If anything happens to Pompey, he added, whom will you put in his place? The people shouted with one accord, You, Catulus." + }, + { + "id": 15823, + "la": "Tum ille victus consensu omnium et tam honorifico civitatis testimonio e contione discessit", + "en": "Then, yielding to the unanimous desire of the people for the proposed law and to this honourable tribute of his fellow-citizens, he left the assembly." + }, + { + "id": 15824, + "la": "Hic hominis verecundiam, populi iustitiam mirari libet, huius, quod non ultra contendit, plebis, quod dissuadentem et adversarium voluntatis suae vero testimonio fraudare noluit", + "en": "At this point one would fain express admiration for the modesty of the man and the fairness of the people; in the case of Catulus, because he ceased his opposition, and, in the case of the people, because it was unwilling to withhold from one who was speaking against the measure in opposition to them this real evidence of their esteem." + }, + { + "id": 15825, + "la": "Per idem tempus Cotta iudicandi munus, quod C Gracchus ereptum senatui ad equites, Sulla ab illis ad senatum transtulerant, aequaliter in utrumque ordinem partitus est; Otho Roscius lege sua equitibus in theatro loca restituit", + "en": "About the same time Cotta divided service upon the juries equally between the senatorial and equestrian orders. Gaius Gracchus had taken this privilege from the senate and given it to the knights, while Sulla had again transferred it from the knights to the senate. Otho Roscius by his law restored to the knights their places in the theatre." + }, + { + "id": 15826, + "la": "At Cn Pompeius multis et praeclaris viris in id bellum adsumptis discriptoque paene in omnis recessus maris praesidio navium, brevi inexsuperabili manu terrarum orbem liberavit praedonesque saepe multis iam aliis locis victos circa Ciliciam classe adgressus fudit ac fugavit; et quo maturius bellum tam late diffusum conficeret, reliquias eorum contractas in urbibus remotoque mari loco in certa sede constituit", + "en": "Meanwhile Gnaeus Pompey enlisted the services of many illustrious men, distributed detachments of the fleet to all the recesses of the sea, and in a short time with an invincible force he freed the world from the menace of piracy. Near the Cilician coast he delivered his final attack upon the pirates, who had already met with frequent defeats in many other places, and completely routed them. Then, in order that he might the more quickly put an end to a war that spread over so wide an area, he collected the remnants of the pirates and established them in fixed abodes in cities far from the sea." + }, + { + "id": 15827, + "la": "Sunt qui hoc carpant, sed quamquam in auctore satis rationis est, tamen ratio quemlibet magnum auctorem faceret; data enim facultate sine rapto vivendi rapinis arcuit", + "en": "Some criticize him for this; but although the plan is sufficiently recommended by its author, it would have made its author greata whoever he might have been; for, by giving the pirates the opportunity to live without brigandage, he restrained them from brigandage." + }, + { + "id": 15828, + "la": "Cum esset in fine bellum piraticum et L Lucullus, qui ante septem annos ex consulatu sortitus Asiam Mithridati oppositus erat magnasque et memorabiles res ibi gesserat, Mithridatem saepe multis locis fuderat, egregia Cyzicum liberarat victoria, Tigranem, regum maximum, in Armenia vicerat ultimamque bello manum paene magis noluerat imponere quam non potuerat, quia alioqui per omnia laudabilis et bello paene invictus pecuniae pellebatur cupidine, idem bellum adhuc administraret, Manilius tribunus plebis, semper venalis et alienae minister potentiae, legem tulit, ut bellum Mithridaticum per Cn Pompeium administraretur", + "en": "When the war with the pirates was drawing to a close, Pompey was assigned to the command against Mithridates in place of Lucius Lucullus. Seven years before this, Lucullus, at the conclusion of his consulship, had obtained the pro-consulship of Asia, and had been placed in command against Mithridates. In this post he had performed some great and notable exploits, having defeated Mithridates several times in different regions, freed Cyzicus by a brilliant victory, and conquered Tigranes, the greatest of kings, in Armenia. That he had not put an end to the war was due, one might say, to lack of inclination rather than of ability; for although in all other respects he was a man of laudable character and in war had scarcely ever been defeated, he was a victim to the love of money. He was still engaged in carrying on the same struggle when Manilius, tribune of the people, a man of venal character always, and ready to abet the ambitions of others, proposed a law that Pompey should be given the chief command in the Mithridatic war." + }, + { + "id": 15829, + "la": "Accepta ea magnisque certatum inter imperatores iurgiis, cum Pompeius Lucullo infamiam pecuniae, Lucullus Pompeio interminatam cupiditatem obiiceret imperii neuterque ab altero quod arguebat mentitus argui posset", + "en": "The law was passed, and the two commanders began to vie with each other in recriminations, Pompey charging Lucullus with his unsavoury greed for money, and Lucullus taunting Pompey with his unbounded ambition for military power. Neither could be convicted of falsehood in his charge against the other." + }, + { + "id": 15830, + "la": "Nam neque Pompeius, ut primum ad rem publicam adgressus est, quemquam omnino parem tulit, et in quibus rebus primus esse debebat, solus esse cupiebat (neque eo viro quisquam aut alia omnia minus aut gloriam magis concupiit, in adpetendis honoribus inmodicus, in gerendis verecundissimus, ut qui eos ut libentissime iniret, ita finiret aequo animo, et quod cupisset, arbitrio suo sumeret, alieno deponeret) et Lucullus, summus alioqui vir, profusae huius in aedificiis convictibusque et apparatibus luxuriae primus auctor fuit, quem ob iniectas moles mari et receptum suffossis montibus in terras mare haud infacete Magnus Pompeius Xerxen togatum vocare adsueverat", + "en": "In fact Pompey, from the time when he first took part in public life, could not brook an equal at all. In undertakings in which he should have been merely the first he wished to be the only one. No one was ever more indifferent to other things or possessed a greater craving for glory; he knew no restraint in his quest for office, though he was moderate to a degree in the exercise of his powers. Entering upon each new office with the utmost eagerness, he would lay them aside with unconcern, and, although he consulted his own wishes in attaining what he desired, he yielded to the wishes of others in resigning it. As for Lucullus, who was otherwise a great man, he was the first to set the example for our present lavish extravagance in building, in banquets, and in furnishings. Because of the massive piles which he built in the sea, and of his letting the sea in upon the land by digging through mountains, Pompey used to call him, and not without point, the Roman Xerxes" + }, + { + "id": 15831, + "la": "Per id tempus a Q Metello Creta insula in populi Romani potestatem redacta est, quae ducibus Panare et Lasthene quattuor et viginti milibus iuvenum coactis, velocitate pernicibus, armorum laborumque patientissimis, sagittarum usu celeberrimis, per triennium Romanos exercitus fatigaverat", + "en": "During the same period the island of Crete was brought under the sovereignty of the Roman people by Quintus Metellus. For three years this island, under the leadership of Panares and Lasthenes who had collected a force of twenty-four thousand men, swift in their movements, hardened to the toils of war, and famous in their use of the bow, had worn out the Roman armies." + }, + { + "id": 15832, + "la": "Ne ab huius quidem usura gloriae temperavit animum Cn Pompeius, quin victoriae partem conaretur vindicare", + "en": "Gnaeus Pompeius could not refrain from coveting some of this glory also,b and sought to claim a share in his victory." + }, + { + "id": 15833, + "la": "Sed et Luculli et Metelli triumphum cum ipsorum singularis virtus, tum etiam invidia Pompei apud optimum quemque fecit favorabilem", + "en": "But the triumphs, both of Lucullus and of Metellus, were rendered popular in the eyes of all good citizens not only by the distinguished merits of the two generals themselves but also by the general unpopularity of Pompey." + }, + { + "id": 15834, + "la": "Per haec tempora M Cicero, qui omnia incrementa sua sibi debuit, vir novitatis nobilissimae et ut vita clarus, ita ingenio maximus, quique effecit, ne quorum arma viceramus, eorum ingenio vinceremur, consul Sergii Catilinae Lentulique et Cethegi et aliorum utriusque ordinis virorum coniurationem singulari virtute, constantia, vigilia curaque aperuit", + "en": "At this time the conspiracy of Sergius Catiline,a Lentulus, Cethegus, and other men of both the equestrian and senatorial orders was detected by the extraordinary courage, firmness, and careful vigilance of the consul Marcus Cicero, a man who owed his elevation wholly to himself, who had ennobled his lowly birth, who was as distinguished in his life as he was great in genius, and who saved us from being vanquished in intellectual accomplishments by those whom we had vanquished in arms." + }, + { + "id": 15835, + "la": "Catilina metu consularis imperi urbe pulsus est; Lentulus consularis et praetor iterum Cethegusque et alii clari nominis viri auctore senatu, iussu consulis in carcere necati sunt", + "en": "Catiline was driven from the city by fear of the authority of the consul; Lentulus, a man of consular rank and twice a praetor, Cethegus, and other men of illustrious family were put to death in prison on the order of the consul, supported by the authority of the senate." + }, + { + "id": 15836, + "la": "Ille senatus dies, quo haec acta sunt, virtutem M Catonis iam multis in rebus conspicuam atque praenitentem in altissimo culmine locavit", + "en": "The meeting of the senate at which this action had been taken raised the character of Marcus Cato, which had already shone forth conspicuously in other matters, to a lofty pinnacle." + }, + { + "id": 15837, + "la": "Hic genitus proavo M Catone, principe illo familiae Porciae, homo Virtuti simillimus et per omnia ingenio diis quam hominibus propior, qui numquam recte fecit, ut facere videretur, sed quia aliter facere non potuerat, cuique id solum visum est rationem habere, quod haberet iustitiam, omnibus humanis vitiis immunis semper fortunam in sua potestate habuit", + "en": "Descended from Marcus Cato, the first of the Porcian house, who was his great-grandfather, he resembled Virtue herself, and in all his acts he revealed a character nearer to that of gods than of men. He never did a right action solely for the sake of seeming to do the right, but because he could not do otherwise. To him that alone seemed reasonable which was likewise just. Free from all the failings of mankind he always kept fortune subject to his control." + }, + { + "id": 15838, + "la": "Hic tribunus plebis designatus et adhuc admodum adulescens, cum alii suaderent, ut per municipia Lentulus coniuratique custodirentur, paene inter ultimos interrogatus sententiam, tanta vi animi atque ingenii invectus est in coniurationem, eo ardore oris orationem omnium lenitatem suadentium societate consilii suspectam fecit, sic impendentia ex ruinis incendiisque urbis et commutatione status publici pericula exposuit, ita consulis virtutem amplificavit, ut universus senatus in eius sententiam transiret animadvertendumque in eos, quos praediximus, censeret maiorque pars ordinis eius Ciceronem prosequerentur domum", + "en": "At this time, though he was only tribune elect and still quite a young man, while others were urging that Lentulus and the other conspirators should be placed in custody in the Italian towns, Cato,a though among the very last to be asked for his opinion, inveighed against the conspiracy with such vigour of spirit and intellect and such earnestness of expression that he caused those who in their speeches had urged leniency to be suspected of complicity in the plot. Such a picture did he present of the dangers which threatened Rome, by the burning and destruction of the city and the subversion of the constitution, and such a eulogy did he give of the consuls firm stand, that the senate as a body changed to the support of his motion and voted the imposition of the death penalty upon the conspirators, and a large number of the senators escorted Cicero to his home." + }, + { + "id": 15839, + "la": "At Catilina non segnius conata obiit, quam sceleris conandi consilia inierat: quippe fortissime dimicans quem spiritum supplicio debuerat, proelio reddidit", + "en": "As for Catiline, he proceeded to carry out his criminal undertaking with as much energy as he had shown in planning it. Fighting with desperate courage, he gave up in battle the life which he had forfeited to the executioner." + }, + { + "id": 15840, + "la": "Consulatui Ciceronis non mediocre adiecit decus natus eo anno divus Augustus abhinc annos lxxxii, omnibus omnium gentium viris magnitudine sua inducturus caliginem", + "en": "No slight prestige is added to the consulship of Cicero by the birth in that yearb'ninety-two years ago'of the emperor Augustus, who was destined by his greatness to overshadow all men of all races." + }, + { + "id": 15841, + "la": "Iam paene supervacaneum videri potest eminentium ingeniorum notare tempora", + "en": "It may now seem an almost superfluous task to indicate the period at which men of eminent talent flourished." + }, + { + "id": 15842, + "la": "Quis enim ignorat diremptos gradibus aetatis floruisse hoc tempore Ciceronem, Hortensium, anteque Crassum, Cottam, Sulpicium, moxque Brutum, Calidium, Caelium, Calvum et proximum Ciceroni Caesarem eorumque velut alumnos Corvinum ac Pollionem Asinium, aemulumque Thucydidis Sallustium, auctoresque carminum Varronem ac Lucretium neque ullo in suscepto carminis sui opere minorem Catullum", + "en": "For who does not know that at this epoch, separated only by differences in their ages, there flourished Cicero and Hortensius; a little earlier Crassus, Cotta, and Sulpicius; a little later Brutus, Calidius, Caelius, Calvus, and Caesar, who ranks next to Cicero; next to them, and, as it were, their pupils, come Corvinus and Pollio Asinius, Sallust, the rival of Thucydides, the poets Varro and Lucretius, and Catullus, who ranks second to none in the branch of literature which he undertook." + }, + { + "id": 15843, + "la": "Paene stulta est inhaerentium oculis ingeniorum enumeratio, inter quae maxime nostri aevi eminent princeps carminum Vergilius Rabiriusque et consecutus Sallustium Livius Tibullusque et Naso, perfectissimi in forma operis sui; nam vivorum ut magna admiratio, ita censura difficilis est", + "en": "It is almost folly to proceed to enumerate men of talent who are almost beneath our eyes, among whom the most important in our own age are Virgil, the prince of poets, Rabirius, Livy, who follows close upon Sallust, Tibullus, and Naso, each of whom achieved perfection in his own branch of literature.a As for living writers, while we admire them greatly, a critical list is difficult to make." + }, + { + "id": 15844, + "la": "Dum haec in urbe Italiaque geruntur, Cn Pompeius memorabile adversus Mithridaten, qui post Luculli profectionem magnas novi exercitus viris reparaverat, bellum gessit", + "en": "While these occurrences were taking place in the city and in Italy, Gnaeus Pompeius carried on a notable campaign against Mithridates, who after the departure of Lucullus had again prepared a new army of great strength." + }, + { + "id": 15845, + "la": "At rex fusus fugatusque et omnibus exutus copiis Armeniam Tigranemque socer generum petiit, regem eius temporis, nisi qua Luculli armis erat infractus, potentissimum", + "en": "The king was defeated and routed, and after losing all his forces sought refuge in Armenia with his son-in-law Tigranes, the most powerful king of his day, though his power had been somewhat broken by Lucullus." + }, + { + "id": 15846, + "la": "Simul itaque duos persecutus Pompeius intravit Armeniam", + "en": "Pompey accordingly entered Armenia in pursuit of both kings at once." + }, + { + "id": 15847, + "la": "Prior filius Tigranis, sed discors patri, pervenit ad Pompeium; mox ipse supplex et praesens se regnumque dicioni eius permisit, praefatus neminem alium neque Romanum neque ullius gentis virum futurum fuisse, cuius se societatu commissurus foret, quam Cn Pompeium; proin omnem sibi vel adversam vel secundam, cuius auctor ille esset, fortunam tolerabilem futuram: non esse turpe ab eo vinci, quem vincere esset nefas, neque inhoneste aliquem summitti huic, quem fortuna super omnis extulisset", + "en": "First a son of Tigranes, who was at variance with his father, came to Pompey. Then the king in person, and, in the guise of a suppliant, placed himself and his kingdom under the jurisdiction of Pompey, prefacing this act with the statement that he would not have submitted himself to the alliance of any man but Gnaeus Pompeius, whether Roman or of any other nationality; that he would be ready to bear any condition, favourable or otherwise, upon which Pompey might decide; that there was no disgrace in being beaten by one whom it would be a sin against the gods to defeat, and that there was no dishonour in submitting to one whom fortune had elevated above all others." + }, + { + "id": 15848, + "la": "Servatus regi honos imperii, sed multato ingenti pecunia, quae omnis, sicuti Pompeio moris erat, redacta in quaestoris potestatem ac publicis descripta litteris", + "en": "The king was permitted to retain the honours of royalty, but was compelled to pay a large sum of money, all of which, as was Pompeys practice, was remitted to the quaestor and listed in the public accounts." + }, + { + "id": 15849, + "la": "Syria aliaeque, quas occupaverat, provinciae ereptae, et aliae restitutae populo Romano, aliae tum primum in eius potestatem redactae, ut Syria, quae tum primum facta est stipendiaria", + "en": "Syria and the other provinces which Mithridates had seized were wrested from him. Some were restored to the Roman people, and others were then for the first time brought under its sway'Syria, for instance'which first became a tributary province at this time." + }, + { + "id": 15850, + "la": "Finis imperii regii terminatus Armenia", + "en": "The sovereignty of the king was now limited to Armenia." + }, + { + "id": 15851, + "la": "Haud absurdum videtur propositi operis regulae paucis percurrere, quae cuiusque ductu gens ac natio redacta in formulam provinciae stipendiaria facta sit, ut quae partibus notavimus, facilius simul universa conspici possint", + "en": "It does not seem out of keeping with the plan which I have set before me in my work to give a brief synopsis of the races and nations which were reduced to provinces and made tributary to Rome, and by what generals. Thus it will be easier to see at a glance when grouped together, the facts already given in detail." + }, + { + "id": 15852, + "la": "Primus in Siciliam traiecit exercitum consul Claudius, set provinciam eam post annos ferme duos et quinquaginta captis Syracusis fecit Marcellus Claudius", + "en": "Claudius the consul was the first to cross into Sicily with an army,a but it was only after the capture of Syracuse, fifty years later,b that it was converted into a province by Marcellus Claudius." + }, + { + "id": 15853, + "la": "Primus Africam Regulus nono ferme anno primi Punici belli aggressus est5; sed post centum et novem annos P Scipio Aemilianus eruta Carthagine abhinc annos centum septuaginta tris Africam in formulam redegit provinciae", + "en": "Regulus was the first to invade Africa, in the ninth year of the First Punic war.c It was one hundred and nine years later, one hundred and seventy-three years ago, that Publius Scipio Aemilianus destroyed Carthage and reduced Africa to the form of a province." + }, + { + "id": 15854, + "la": "Sardinia inter primum et secundum bellum Punicum ductu T Manlii consulis certum recepit imperi iugum", + "en": "Sardinia finally became subject to the yoke in the interval between the First and Second Punic War, through the agency of Titus Manlius the consul." + }, + { + "id": 15855, + "la": "Immane bellicae civitatis argumentum, quod semel sub regibus, iterum hoc T Manlio consule, tertio Augusto principe certae pacis argumentum Ianus geminus clausus dedit", + "en": "It is a strong proof of the warlike character of our state that only three times did the closing of the temple of the double-faced Janus give proof of unbroken peace: once under the kings, a second time in the consulship of the Titus Manlius just mentioned, and a third time in the reign of Augustus." + }, + { + "id": 15856, + "la": "In Hispaniam primi omnium duxere exercitus Cn et P Scipiones initio secundi belli Punici abhinc annos ducentos quinquaginta; inde varie possessa et saepe amissa partibus, universa ductu Augusti facta stipendiaria est", + "en": "The two Scipios, Gnaeus and Publius, were the first to lead armies into Spain,a at the beginning of the Second Punic War, two hundred and fifty years ago; from that time on we alternately acquired and lost portions of it until under Augustus the whole of it became tributary." + }, + { + "id": 15857, + "la": "Macedoniam Paulus, Mummius Achaiam, Fulvius Nobilior subegit Aetoliam, Asiam L Scipio, Africani frater, eripuit Antiocho, sed beneficio senatus populique Romani mox ab Attalis possessam regibus M Perpenna capto Aristonico fecit tributariam", + "en": "Paulus conquered Macedonia, Mummius Achaea, Fulvius Nobilior Aetolia, Lucius Scipio, the brother of Africanus, wrested Asia from Antiochus,e but, by the gift of the senate and the Roman people, it soon afterwards passed to the ownership of the Attalids. It was made a tributary province by Marcus Perpenna after the capture of Aristonicus." + }, + { + "id": 15858, + "la": "Cyprus devicta nullius adsignanda gloriae est3; quippe senatus consulto, ministerio Catonis, regis morte, quam ille conscientia acciverat, facta provincia est", + "en": "No credit for the conquest of Cyprus can be assigned to any general, since it was by a decree of the Senate, carried out by Cato, that it became a provinceg on the death of its king, self-inflicted in consciousness of guilt." + }, + { + "id": 15859, + "la": "Creta Metelli ductu longissimae libertatis fine multata est", + "en": "Crete was punished by Metellus by the terminationh of the liberty which she had long enjoyed." + }, + { + "id": 15860, + "la": "Syria Pontusque Cn Pompei virtutis monumenta sunt", + "en": "Syria and Pontus are monuments to the valour of Gnaeus Pompeius." + }, + { + "id": 15861, + "la": "Gallias primum a Domitio Fabioque, nepote Pauli, qui Allobrogicus vocatus est, intratas cum exercitu, magna mox clade nostra, saepe et adfectavimus et omisimus", + "en": "Domitius and Fabius, son of Paulus, who was surnamed Allobrogicus, first entered the Gauls with an army; later these provinces cost us much blood in our attempts at conquest alternating with our loss of them." + }, + { + "id": 15862, + "la": "Sed fulgentissimum C Caesaris opus in his conspicitur; quippe eius ductu auspiciisque infractae paene idem, quod totus terrarum orbis, in aerarium conferunt stipendium", + "en": "In all these operations the work of Caesar is the most brilliant and most conspicuous. Reduced under his auspices and generalship, they pay almost as much tribute into the treasury as the rest of the world." + }, + { + "id": 15863, + "la": "Ciliciam perdomuit Isauricus et post bellum Antiochinum Vulso Manlius Gallograeciam", + "en": "Isauricus conquered Cilicia,d and Vulso Manlius Gallograeciae after the war with Antiochus." + }, + { + "id": 15864, + "la": "Bithynia, ut praediximus, testamento Nicomedis relicta hereditaria", + "en": "Bithynia, as has been already said, was bequeathed to the Romans by the will of Nicomedes." + }, + { + "id": 15865, + "la": "Divus Augustus praeter Hispanias aliasque gentis, quarum titulis forum eius praenitet, paene idem facta Aegypto stipendiaria, quantum pater eius Galliis, in aerarium reditus contulit", + "en": "Besides Spain and other countries whose names adorn his Forum, Augustus made Egypt tributary,g thereby contributing nearly as much revenue to the treasury as his father had brought to it from the Gauls." + }, + { + "id": 15866, + "la": "At Ti Caesar quam certam Hispanis parendi confessionem extorserat parens, Illyriis Delmatisque extorsit", + "en": "Tiberius Caesar extorted from the Illyrians and Dalmatians a definite confession of submission such as that which Augustus had wrested from Spain." + }, + { + "id": 15867, + "la": "Raetiam autem et Vindelicos ac Noricos Pannoniamque et Scordiscos novas imperio nostro subiunxit provincias", + "en": "He also added to our empire as new provinces Raetia, Vindelicia, Noricum. Pannonia, and the Scordisci These he conquered by arms." + }, + { + "id": 15868, + "la": "Ut has armis, ita auctoritate Cappadociam populo Romano fecit stipendiariam", + "en": "Cappadocia he made tributary to the Roman people through the mere prestige of his name." + }, + { + "id": 15869, + "la": "Sed revertamur ad ordinem", + "en": "But let us now return to the order of events." + }, + { + "id": 15870, + "la": "Secuta deinde Cn Pompei militia, gloriae laborisne maioris incertum est Penetratae cum victoria Media, Albania, Hiberia4; deinde flexum agmen ad eas nationes, quae dextra atque intima Ponti incolunt, Colchos Heniochosque et Achaeos, et oppressus auspiciis Pompei, insidiis filii Pharnacis Mithridates, ultimus omnium iuris sui regum praeter Parthicos", + "en": "Then followed the military exploits of Gnaeus Pompeius,k in regard to which it would be difficult to say whether the glory they earned or the labour they cost was the greater. Media, Albania, and Iberia were invaded with victorious arms. Then he changed the direction of his march to the regions of the interior, to the right of the Black Sea'the Colchians, the Heniochi, and the Achaei. Mithridates was crushed, the last of the independent kings except the rulers of the Parthians, through the treachery of his son Pharnaces, it is true, but during the period of Pompeys command." + }, + { + "id": 15871, + "la": "Tum victor omnium quas adierat gentium Pompeius suoque et civium voto maior et per omnia fortunam hominis egressus revertit in Italiam", + "en": "Then, after conquering all the races in his path, Pompey returned to Italy, having achieved a greatness which exceeded both his own hopes and those of his fellow-citizens, and having, in all his campaigns, surpassed the fortune of a mere mortal." + }, + { + "id": 15872, + "la": "Cuius reditum favorabilem opinio fecerat; quippe plerique non sine exercitu venturum in urbem adfirmarunt et libertati publicae statuturum arbitrio suo modum", + "en": "It was owing to this impression that his return created such favourable comment; for the majority of his countrymen had insisted that he would not enter the city without his army, and that he would set a limit upon public liberty according to his own caprice." + }, + { + "id": 15873, + "la": "Quo magis hoc homines timuerant, eo gratior civilis tanti imperatoris reditus fuit: omni quippe Brundusii dimisso exercitu nihil praeter nomen imperatoris retinens cum privato comitatu, quem semper illi astare moris fuit, in urbem rediit magnificentissimumque de tot regibus per biduum egit triumphum longeque maiorem omni ante se inlata pecunia in aerarium, praeterquam a Paulo, ex manubiis intulit", + "en": "The return of so great a general as an ordinary citizen was all the more welcome because of the apprehensions which had been entertained. For, dismissing his whole army at Brundisium, and retaining none of his former power except the title of imperator,a he returned to the city with only the retinue which regularly attended him. There he celebrated, for a period of two days, a most magnificent triumph over the many kings whom he had conquered, and from the spoils he contributed to the treasury a far larger sum of money than any other general had ever done except Paulus." + }, + { + "id": 15874, + "la": "Absente Cn Pompeio T Ampius et T Labienus tribuni plebis legem tulerant, ut is ludis circensibus corona aurea et omni cultu triumphantium uteretur, scaenicis autem praetexta coronaque aurea", + "en": "In Pompeys absence the tribunes of the people, Titus Ampius and Titus Labienus, proposed a law that at the games of the circus Pompey should be permitted to wear a golden crown and the full dress of the triumphator, and at the theatre the purple-bordered toga and the golden crown." + }, + { + "id": 15875, + "la": "Id ille non plus quam semel, et hoc sane nimium fuit, usurpare sustinuit", + "en": "But he forbore to use this honour more than once, and indeed that was itself too often." + }, + { + "id": 15876, + "la": "Huius viri fastigium tantis auctibus fortuna extulit, ut primum ex Africa, iterum ex Europa, tertio ex Asia triumpharet et, quot partes terrarum orbis sunt, totidem faceret monumenta victoriae suae", + "en": "This man was raised by fortune to the pinnacle of his career by great leaps, first triumphing over Africa, then over Europe, then over Asia, and the three divisions of the world thus became so many monuments of his victory." + }, + { + "id": 15877, + "la": "Numquam eminentia invidia carent", + "en": "Greatness is never without envy." + }, + { + "id": 15878, + "la": "Itaque et Lucullus et Metellus Creticus memor tamen acceptae iniuriae, non iniuste querens (quippe ornamentum triumphi eius captivos duces Pompeius subduxerat) et cum iis pars optimatium refragabatur, ne aut promissa civitatibus a Pompeio aut bene meritis praemia ad arbitrium eius persolverentur", + "en": "Pompey met with opposition from Lucullus and from Metellus Creticus, who did not forget the slight he had received (indeed he had just cause for complaint in that Pompey had robbed him of the captive generals who were to have adorned his triumph), and from a section of the optimates who sought to prevent the fulfilment of Pompeys promises to the various cities and the payment of rewards in accordance with his wishes to those who had been of service to him." + }, + { + "id": 15879, + "la": "Secutus deinde est consulatus C Caesaris, qui scribenti manum iniicit et quamlibet festinantem in se morari cogit", + "en": "Then followed the consulshipa of Gaius Caesar, who now lays hold upon my pen and compels me, whatever my haste, to linger a while upon him." + }, + { + "id": 15880, + "la": "Hic nobilissima Iuliorum genitus familia et, quod inter omnis antiquitatis studiosos constabat, ab Anchise ac Venere deducens genus, forma omnium civium excellentissimus, vigore animi acerrimus, munificentia effusissimus, animo super humanam et naturam et fidem evectus, magnitudine cogitationum, celeritate bellandi, patientia periculorum Magno illi Alexandro, sed sobrio neque iracundo simillimus, qui denique semper et cibo et somno in vitam, non in voluptatem uteretur, cum fuisset C Mario sanguine coniunctissimus atque idem Cinnae gener, cuius filiam ut repudiaret nullo metu compelli potuit, cum M Piso consularis Anniam, quae Cinnae uxor fuerat, in Sullae dimisisset gratiam, habuissetque fere duodeviginti annos eo tempore, quo Sulla rerum potitus est, magis ministris Sullae adiutoribusque partium quam ipso conquirentibus eum ad necem mutata veste dissimilemque fortunae suae indutus habitum nocte urbe elapsus est", + "en": "Sprung from the noble family of the Julii, and tracing his descent from Venus and Anchises, a claim conceded by all investigators of antiquity, he surpassed all his fellow-citizens in beauty of person. He was exceedingly keen and vigorous of mind, lavish in his generosity, and possessed a courage exceeding the nature, and even the credence, of man. In the magnitude of his ambitions, in the rapidity of his military operations, and in his endurance of danger, he closely resembled Alexander the Great, but only when Alexander was free from the influence of wine and master of his passions; for Caesar, in a word, never indulged in food or in sleep except as they ministered, not to pleasure, but to life. To Gaius Marius he was closely related by blood; he was also the son-in-law of Cinna, whose daughter no consideration of fear would induce him to divorce, whereas Marcus Piso, a man of consular rank, had divorced Annia, who had been the wife of Cinna, in order to win Sullas favour. Caesar was only about eighteen years of age at the time of Sullas dictatorship; and when a search was made for him with a view to putting him to death, not, it is true, by Sulla himself, but by his minions and partisans, he escaped from the city at night by assuming a disguise which effectually concealed his rank." + }, + { + "id": 15881, + "la": "Idem postea admodum iuvenis, cum a piratis captus esset, ita se per omne spatium, quo ab iis retentus est, apud eos gessit, ut pariter iis terrori venerationique esset, neque umquam aut nocte aut die (cur enim quod vel maximum est, si narrari verbis speciosis non potest, omittatur?) aut excalcearetur aut discingeretur, in hoc scilicet, ne si quando aliquid ex solito variaret, suspectus iis, qui oculis tantummodo eum custodiebant, foret", + "en": "Later,a but when still quite a young man, he was captured by pirates and so conducted himself during the entire period of his detention as to inspire in them to an equal degree both fear and respect. Neither by day nor by night did he remove his shoes or loosen his girdle'for why should a detail of the greatest significance be omitted merely because it cannot be adorned in imposing language?'lest the slightest change in his usual garb might cause him to be suspected by his captors, who guarded him only with their eyes." + }, + { + "id": 15882, + "la": "Longum est narrare, quid et quotiens ausus sit, quanto opere conata eius qui obtinebat Asiam magistratus populi Romani metu suo destituerit", + "en": "It would take too long to tell of his many bold plans for the punishment of the pirates, or how obstinately the timid governor of Asia refused to second them." + }, + { + "id": 15883, + "la": "Illud referatur documentum tanti mox evasuri viri: quae nox eam diem secuta est, qua publica civitatium pecunia redemptus est, ita tamen, ut cogeret ante obsides a piratis civitatibus dari, et privatus et contracta classe tumultuaria invectus in eum locum, in quo ipsi praedones erant, partem classis fugavit, partem mersit, aliquot navis multosque mortalis cepit;", + "en": "The following story, however, may be told as a presage of his future greatness. On the night following the day on which his ransom was paid by the cities of Asia'he had, however, compelled the pirates before payment to give hostages to these cities'although he was but a private citizen without authority, and his fleet had been collected on the spur of the moment, he directed his course to the rendezvous of the pirates, put to flight part of their fleet, sank part, and captured several ships and many men." + }, + { + "id": 15884, + "la": "laetusque nocturnae expeditionis triumpho ad suos revectus est, mandatisque custodiae quos ceperat, in Bithyniam perrexit ad proconsulem Iuncum (idem enim Asiam eamque obtinebat) petens, ut auctor fieret sumendi de captivis supplicii: quod ille se facturum negasset venditurumque captivos dixisset (quippe sequebatur invidia inertiam), incredibili celeritate revectus ad mare, priusquam de ea re ulli proconsulis redderentur epistulae, omnes, quos ceperat, suffixit cruci", + "en": "Well satisfied with the success of his night expedition he returned to his friends and, after handing his prisoners into custody, went straight to Bithynia to Juncus, the proconsul'for the same man was governor of Bithynia as well as of Asia'and demanded his sanction for the execution of his captives. When Juncus, whose former inactivity had now given way to jealousy, refused, and said that he would sell the captives as slaves, Caesar returned to the coast with incredible speed and crucified all his prisoners before anyone had had time to receive a dispatch from the consul in regard to the matter." + }, + { + "id": 15885, + "la": "Idem mox ad sacerdotium ineundum (quippe absens pontifex factus erat in Cottae consularis locum, cum paene puer a Mario Cinnaque flamen dialis creatus victoria Sullae, qui omnia ab iis acta fecerat irrita, amisisset id sacerdotium) festinans in Italiam, ne conspiceretur a praedonibus omnia tunc obtinentibus maria et merito iam infestis sibi, quattuor scalmorum navem una cum duobus amicis decemque servis ingressus effusissimum Adriatici maris traiecit sinum", + "en": "Not long afterwards he was hastening to Italy to enter upon the priestly office of pontifex maximus to which he had been electeda in his absence in place of the ex-consul Cotta. Indeed, while still little more than a boy he had already been made priest of Jupiter by Marius and Cinna, but all their acts had been annulled in consequence of Sullas victory, and Caesar had thus lost this priesthood. On the journey just mentioned, wishing to escape the notice of the pirates who then infested all the seas and by this time had good reasons for being hostile to him, he took two friends and ten slaves and embarked in a four-oared boat, and in this way crossed the broad expanse of the Adriatic Sea." + }, + { + "id": 15886, + "la": "Quo quidem in cursu conspectis, ut putabat, piratarum navibus cum exuisset vestem alligassetque pugionem ad femur alterutri se fortunae parans, mox intellexit frustratum esse visum suum arborumque ex longinquo ordinem antemnarum praebuisse imaginem", + "en": "During the voyage, sighting, as he thought, some pirate vessels, he removed his outer garments, bound a dagger to his thigh, and prepared himself for any event; but soon he saw that his eyes had deceived him and that the illusion had been caused by a row of trees in the distance which looked like masts and yards." + }, + { + "id": 15887, + "la": "Reliqua eius acta in urbe, nobilissima Cn Dolabellae accusatio et maior civitatis in ea favor, quam reis praestari solet, contentionesque civiles cum Q Catulo atque aliis eminentissimis viris celeberrimae, et ante praeturam victus in maximi pontificatus petitione Q Catulus, omnium confessione senatus princeps, et restituta in aedilitate adversante quidem nobilitate monumenta C Marii, simulque revocati ad ius dignitatis proscriptorum liberi, et praetura quaesturaque mirabili virtute atque industria obita in Hispania (cum esset quaestor sub Vetere Antistio, avo huius Veteris consularis atque pontificis, duorum consularium et sacerdotum patris, viri in tantum boni, in quantum humana simplicitas intellegi potest) quo notiora sunt, minus egent stilo", + "en": "As for the rest of his acts after his return to the city, they stand in less need of description, since they are better known. I refer to his famous prosecutiona of Gnaeus Dolabella, to whom the people showed more favour than is usually exhibited to men under impeachment; to the well-known political contestsb with Quintus Catulus and other eminent men; to his defeatc of Quintus Catulus, the acknowledged leader of the Senate, for the office of pontifex maximus, before he himself had even been praetor; to the restoration in his aedileshipd of the monuments of Gaius Marius in the teeth of the opposition of the nobles; to the reinstatement of the children of proscribed persons in the rights pertaining to their rank; and to his praetorshipe and quaestorship passed in Spain, in which he showed wonderful energy and valour. He was quaestor under Vetus Antistius, the grandfather of our own Vetus, the consular and pontiff, himself the father of two sons who have held the consulship and the priesthood and a man whose excellence reaches our highest conception of human integrity." + }, + { + "id": 15888, + "la": "Hoc igitur consule inter eum et Cn Pompeium et M Crassum inita potentiae societas, quae urbi orbique terrarum nec minus diverso cuique tempore ipsis exitiabilis fuit", + "en": "But to resume. It was in Caesars consulship that there was formed between himself, Gnaeus Pompeius and Marcus Crassus the partnership in political power which proved so baleful to the city, to the world, and, subsequently at different periods to each of the triumvirs themselves." + }, + { + "id": 15889, + "la": "Hoc consilium sequendi Pompeius causam habuerat, ut tandem acta in transmarinis provinciis, quibus, ut praediximus, multi obtrectabant, per Caesarem confirmarentur consulem, Caesar autem, quod animadvertebat se cedendo Pompei gloriae aucturum suam et invidia communis", + "en": "Pompeys motive in the adoption of this policy had been to secure through Caesar as consul the long delayed ratification of his acts in the provinces across the seas, to which, as I have already said, many still raised objections; Caesar agreed to it because he realized that in making this concession to the prestige of Pompey he would increase his own, and that by throwing on Pompey the odium for their joint control he would add to his own power;" + }, + { + "id": 15890, + "la": "potentiae in illum relegata confirmaturum vires suas, Crassus, ut quem principatum solus adsequi non poterat, auctoritate Pompei, viribus teneret Caesaris, adfinitas etiam inter Caesarem Pompeiumque contracta nuptiis, quippe Iuliam, filiam C Caesaris Cn Magnus duxit uxorem", + "en": "while Crassus hoped that by the influence of Pompey and the power of Caesar he might achieve a place of pre-eminence in the state which he had not been able to reach single-handed. Furthermore, a tie of marriage was cemented between Caesar and Pompey, in that Pompey now wedded Julia, Caesars daughter." + }, + { + "id": 15891, + "la": "In hoc consulatu Caesar legem tulit, ut ager Campanus plebei divideretur, suasore legis Pompeio", + "en": "In this consulship, Caesar, with Pompeys backing, passed a law authorizing a distribution to the plebs of the public domain in Campania." + }, + { + "id": 15892, + "la": "Ita circiter viginti milia civium eo deducta et ius urbis restitutum post annos circiter centum quinquaginta duos quam bello Punico ab Romanis Capua in formam praefecturae redacta erat", + "en": "And so about twenty thousand citizens were established there, and its rights as a city were restored to Capua one hundred and fifty-two years after she had been reduced to a prefecture in the Second Punic War." + }, + { + "id": 15893, + "la": "Bibulus, collega Caesaris, cum actiones eius magis vellet impedire quam posset, maiore parte anni domi se tenuit", + "en": "Bibulus, Caesars colleague, with the intent rather than the power of hindering Caesars acts, confined himself to his house for the greater part of the year." + }, + { + "id": 15894, + "la": "Quo facto dum augere vult invidiam collegae, auxit potentiam", + "en": "By this conduct, whereby he hoped to increase his colleagues unpopularity, he only increased his power." + }, + { + "id": 15895, + "la": "Tum Caesari decretae in quinquennium Galliae", + "en": "At this time the Gallic provinces were assigned to Caesar for a period of five years." + }, + { + "id": 15896, + "la": "Per idem tempus P Clodius, homo nobilis, disertus, audax, quique neque dicendi neque faciendi ullum nisi quem vellet nosset modum, malorum propositorum executor acerrimus, infamis etiam sororis stupro et actus incesti reus ob initum inter religiosissima populi Romani sacra adulterium, cum graves inimicitias cum M Cicerone exerceret (quid enim inter tam dissimiles amicum esse poterat?) et a patribus ad plebem transisset, legem in tribunatu tulit, qui civem Romanum indemnatum interemisset, ei aqua et igni interdiceretur: cuius verbis etsi non nominabatur Cicero, tamen solus petebatur", + "en": "About the same time Publius Clodius, a man of noble birth, eloquent and reckless, who recognized no limits either in speech or in act except his own caprice, energetic in the execution of his wicked projects, of ill-repute as the debaucher of his own sister, and accused of adulterous profanation of the most sacred rites of the Roman people,a having conceived a violent hatred against Marcus Cicero'for what friendship could there be between men so unlike?'caused himself to be transferred from a patrician into a plebeian family and, as tribune,b proposed a law that whoever put to death a Roman citizen without trial should be condemned to exile. Although Cicero was not expressly named in the wording of the bill, it was aimed at him alone." + }, + { + "id": 15897, + "la": "Ita vir optime meritus de re publica conservatae patriae pretium calamitatem exilii tulit", + "en": "And so this man, who had earned by his great services the gratitude of his country, gained exile as his reward for saving the state." + }, + { + "id": 15898, + "la": "Non caruerunt suspicione oppressi Ciceronis Caesar et Pompeius", + "en": "Caesar and Pompey were not free from the suspicion of having had a share in the fall of Cicero." + }, + { + "id": 15899, + "la": "Hoc sibi contraxisse videbatur Cicero, quod inter viginti viros dividendo agro Campano esse noluisset", + "en": "Cicero seemed to have brought upon himself their resentment by refusing to be a member of the commission of twenty charged with the distribution of lands in Campania." + }, + { + "id": 15900, + "la": "Idem intra biennium sera Cn Pompei cura, verum ut coepit intenta, votisque Italiae ac decretis senatus, virtute atque actione Annii Milonis tribuni plebis dignitati patriaeque restitutus est", + "en": "Within two years Cicero was restoredc to his country and to his former status, thanks to the interest of Gnaeus Pompeius'somewhat belated, it is true, but effective when once exerted'and thanks to the prayers of Italy, the decrees of the senate, and the zealous activity of Annius Milo, tribune of the people." + }, + { + "id": 15901, + "la": "Neque post Numidici exilium aut reditum quisquam aut expulsus invidiosius aut receptus est laetius", + "en": "Since the exile and return of Numidicus no one had been banished amid greater popular disapproval or welcomed back with greater enthusiasm." + }, + { + "id": 15902, + "la": "Cuius domus quam infeste a Clodio disiecta erat, tam speciose a senatu restituta est", + "en": "As for Ciceros house, the maliciousness of its destruction by Clodius was now compensated for by the magnificence of its restoration by the senate." + }, + { + "id": 15903, + "la": "Idem P Clodius in tribunatu sub honorificentissimo ministerii titulo M Catonem a re publica relegavit: quippe legem tulit, ut is quaestor cum iure praetorio, adiecto etiam quaestore, mitteretur in insulam Cyprum ad spoliandum regno Ptolemaeum, omnibus morum vitiis eam contumeliam meritum", + "en": "Publius Clodius in his tribunate also removed Marcus Cato from the state,d under the pretence of an honourable mission. For he proposed a law that Cato should be sent to the island of Cyprus in the capacity of quaestor, but with the authority of a praetor and with a quaestor as his subordinate, with instructions to dethrone Ptolemaeus, who by reason of his unmitigated viciousness of character well deserved this humiliation." + }, + { + "id": 15904, + "la": "Sed ille sub adventum Catonis vitae suae vim intulit", + "en": "However, just before the arrival of Cato, Ptolemy took his own life." + }, + { + "id": 15905, + "la": "Unde pecuniam longe sperata maiorem Cato Romam retulit", + "en": "Cato brought home from Cyprus a sum of money which greatly exceeded all expectations." + }, + { + "id": 15906, + "la": "Cuius integritatem laudari nefas est, insolentia paene argui potest, quod una cum consulibus ac senatu effusa civitate obviam, cum per Tiberim subiret navibus, non ante iis egressus est, quam ad eum locum pervenit, ubi erat exponenda pecunia", + "en": "To praise Catos integrity would be sacrilege, but he can almost be charged with eccentricity in the display of it; for, in spite of the fact that all the citizens, headed by the consuls and the senate, poured out of the city to meet him as he ascended the Tiber, he did not disembark and greet them until he arrived at the place where the money was to be put ashore." + }, + { + "id": 15907, + "la": "Cum deinde inmanis res vix multis voluminibus explicandas C Caesar in Gallia gereret nec contentus plurimis ac felicissimis victoriis innumerabilibusque caesis et captis hostium milibus etiam in Britanniam traiecisset exercitum, alterum paene imperio nostro ac suo quaerens orbem, vetus par consulum, Cn Pompeius et M Crassus, alterum iniere consulatum, qui neque petitus honeste ab iis neque probabiliter gestus est", + "en": "Meanwhile, in Gaul, Gaius Caesar was carrying on his gigantic task,a which could scarcely be covered in many volumes. Not content with his many fortunate victories, and with slaying or taking as prisoners countless thousands of the enemy, he even crossed into Britain, as though seeking to add another world to our empire and to that which he had himself won. Gnaeus Pompeius and Marcus Crassus, who had once before been consuls together, now entered upon their second consulship,b which office they not only won by unfair means, but also administered without popular approval." + }, + { + "id": 15908, + "la": "Caesari lege, quam Pompeius ad populum tulit, prorogatae in idem spatium temporis provinciae, Crasso bellum Parthicum iam animo molienti Syria decreta", + "en": "In a law which Pompey proposed in the assembly of the people, Caesars tenure of office in his provinces was continued for another five years, and Syria was decreed to Crassus, who was now planning to make war upon Parthia." + }, + { + "id": 15909, + "la": "Qui vir cetera sanctissimus immunisque voluptatibus neque in pecunia neque in gloria concupiscenda aut modum norat aut capiebat terminum", + "en": "Although Crassus was, in his general character, entirely upright and free from base desires, in his lust for money and his ambition for glory he knew no limits, and accepted no bounds." + }, + { + "id": 15910, + "la": "Hunc proficiscentem in Syriam diris cum ominibus tribuni plebis frustra retinere conati", + "en": "On his departure for Asia the tribunes of the people made ineffectual efforts to detain him by the announcement of baleful omens." + }, + { + "id": 15911, + "la": "", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 15912, + "la": "Quorum execrationes si in ipsum tantummodo valuissent, utile imperatoris damnum salvo exercitu fuisset rei publicae", + "en": "If the curses which they called down upon him had affected Crassus alone, the loss of the commander would not have been without advantage to the state, had but the army been saved." + }, + { + "id": 15913, + "la": "Transgressum Euphraten Crassum petentemque Seleuciam circumfusus inmanibus copiis equitum rex Orodes una cum parte maiore Romani exercitus interemit", + "en": "He had crossed the Euphrates and was now marching toward Seleucia when he was surrounded by King Orodes with his innumerable bands of cavalry and perished together with the greater part of his army." + }, + { + "id": 15914, + "la": "Reliquias legionum C Cassius, atrocissimi mox auctor facinoris, tum quaestor, conservavit Syriamque adeo in populi Romani potestate retinuit, ut transgressos in eam Parthos felici rerum eventu fugaret ac funderet", + "en": "Remnants of the legions were saved by Gaius Cassius'(he was later the perpetrator of a most atrocious crime,b but was at that time quaestor)'who not only retained Syria in its allegiance to the Roman people, but succeeded, by a fortunate issue of events, in defeating and putting to rout the Parthians when they crossed its borders." + }, + { + "id": 15915, + "la": "Per haec insequentiaque et quae praediximus tempora amplius quadringenta milia hostium a C Caesare caesa sunt, plura capta; pugnatum saepe derecta acie, saepe in agminibus, saepe eruptionibus, bis penetrata Britannia, novem denique aestatibus vix ulla non iustissimus triumphus emeritus", + "en": "During this period, including the years which immediately followed and those of which mention has already been made, more than four hundred thousand of the enemy were slain by Gaius Caesar and a greater number were taken prisoners. Many times had he fought in pitched battles, many times on the march, many times as besieger or besieged. Twice he penetrated into Britain, and in all his nine campaigns there was scarcely one which was not fully deserving of a triumph." + }, + { + "id": 15916, + "la": "Circa Alesiam vero tantae res gestae, quantas audere vix hominis, perficere paene nullius nisi dei fuerit", + "en": "His feats about Alesiac were of a kind that a mere man would scarcely venture to undertake, and scarcely anyone but a god could carry through." + }, + { + "id": 15917, + "la": "Quarto ferme anno Caesar morabatur in Galliis, cum medium iam ex invidia potentiae male cohaerentis inter Cn Pompeium et C Caesarem concordiae pignus Iulia, uxor Magni, decessit: atque omnia inter destinatos tanto discrimini duces dirimente fortuna filius quoque parvus Pompei, Iulia natus, intra breve spatium obiit", + "en": "About the fourth year of Caesars stay in Gaul occurred the death of Julia,d the wife of Pompey, the one tie which bound together Pompey and Caesar in a coalition which, because of each ones jealousy of the others power, held together with difficulty even during her lifetime; and, as though fortune were bent upon breaking all the bonds between the two men destined for so great a conflict, Pompeys little sona by Julia also died a short time afterwards." + }, + { + "id": 15918, + "la": "Tum in gladios caedesque civium furente ambitu, cuius neque finis reperiebatur nec modus, tertius consulatus soli Cn Pompeio etiam adversantium antea dignitati eius iudicio delatus est, cuius ille honoris gloria veluti reconciliatis sibi optimatibus maxime a C Caesare alienatus est; sed eius consulatus omnem vim in coercitionem ambitus exercuit", + "en": "Then, inasmuch as agitation over the elections found vent in armed conflicts and civil bloodshed, which continued indefinitely and without check, Pompey was made consul for the third time, now without a colleague, with the assent even of those who up to that time had opposed him for that office. The tribute paid him by this honour, which seemed to indicate his reconciliation with the optimates, served more than anything else to alienate him from Caesar. Pompey, however, employed his whole power during this consulship in curbing election abuses." + }, + { + "id": 15919, + "la": "Quo tempore P Clodius a Milone candidato consulatus exemplo inutili, facto salutari rei publicae circa Bovillas contracta ex occursu rixa iugulatus est", + "en": "It was at this time that Publius Clodius was slainc by Milo, who was a candidate for the consulship, in a quarrel which arose in a chance meeting at Bovillae; a bad precedent, but in itself a service to the state." + }, + { + "id": 15920, + "la": "Milonem reum non magis invidia facti quam Pompei damnavit voluntas", + "en": "Milo was brought to trial and convicted quite as much through the influence of Pompey as on account of the odium aroused by the deed." + }, + { + "id": 15921, + "la": "Quem quidem M Cato palam lata absolvit sententia", + "en": "Cato, it is true, declared for his acquittal in an opinion openly expressed." + }, + { + "id": 15922, + "la": "Qui si maturius tulisset, non defuissent qui sequerentur exemplum probarentque eum civem occisum, quo nemo perniciosior rei publicae neque bonis inimicior vixerat", + "en": "Had his vote been cast earlier, men would not have been lacking to follow his example and approve the slaying of a citizen as pernicious to the republic and as hostile to all good citizens as any man who had ever lived." + }, + { + "id": 15923, + "la": "Intra breve deinde spatium belli civilis exarserunt initia, cum iustissimus quisque et a Caesare et a Pompeio vellet dimitti exercitus; quippe Pompeius in secundo consulatu Hispanias sibi decerni voluerat easque per triennium absens ipse ac praesidens urbi per Afranium et Petreium, consularem ac praetorium, legatos suos, administrabat et iis, qui a Caesare dimittendos exercitus contendebant, adsentabatur, iis, qui ab ipso quoque, adversabatur", + "en": "It was not long after this that the first sparks of civil war were kindled. All fair-minded men desired that both Caesar and Pompey should disband their armies. Now Pompey in his second consulshipd had caused the provinces of Spain to be assigned to him, and though he was actually absent from them, administering the affairs of the city, he continued to govern them for three years through his lieutenants, Afranius and Petreius, the former of consular and the latter of praetorian rank; and while he agreed with those who insisted that Caesar should dismiss his army, he was opposed to those who urged that he should also dismiss his own" + }, + { + "id": 15924, + "la": "Qui si ante biennium, quam ad arma itum est, perfectis muneribus theatri et aliorum operum, quae ei circumdedit, gravissima temptatus valetudine decessisset in Campania (quo quidem tempore universa Italia vota pro salute eius primi omnium civium suscepit) defuisset fortunae destruendi eius locus, et quam apud superos habuerat magnitudinem, inlibatam detulisset ad inferos", + "en": "Had Pompey only died two years before the outbreak of hostilities, after the completion of his theatre and the other public buildings with which he had surrounded it, at the time when he was attacked by a serious illness in Campania and all Italy prayed for his safety as her foremost citizen, fortune would have lost the opportunity of overthrowing him and he would have borne to the grave unimpaired all the qualities of greatness that had been his in life." + }, + { + "id": 15925, + "la": "Bello autem civili et tot, quae deinde per continuos viginti annos consecuta sunt, malis non alius maiorem flagrantioremque quam C Curio tribunus plebis subiecit facem, vir nobilis, eloquens, audax, suae alienaeque et fortunae et pudicitiae prodigus, homo ingeniosissime nequam et facundus malo publico cuius animo [voluptatibus vel libidinibus] neque opes ullae neque cupiditates sufficere possent", + "en": "It was Gaius Curio, however, a tribune of the people, who, more than anyone else, applied the flaming torch which kindled the civil war and all the evils which followed for twenty consecutive years. Curio was a man of noble birth, eloquent, reckless, prodigal alike of his own fortune and chastity and of those of other people, a man of the utmost cleverness in perversity, who used his gifted tongue for the subversion of the state. No wealth and no pleasures sufficed to satiate his appetites." + }, + { + "id": 15926, + "la": "Hic primo pro Pompei partibus, id est, ut tunc habebatur, pro re publica, mox simulatione contra Pompeium et Caesarem, sed animo pro Caesare stetit", + "en": "He was at first on the side of Pompey, that is to say, as it was then regarded, on the side of the republic. Then he pretended to be opposed both to Pompey and Caesar, but in his heart he was for Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 15927, + "la": "Id gratis an accepto centies sestertio fecerit, ut accepimus, in medio relinquemus", + "en": "Whether his conversion was spontaneous or due to a bribe of ten million sesterces, as is reported, we shall leave undetermined." + }, + { + "id": 15928, + "la": "Ad ultimum saluberrimas coalescentis condiciones pacis, quas et Caesar iustissimo animo postulabat et Pompeius aequo recipiebat, discussit ac rupit, unice cavente Cicerone concordiae publicae", + "en": "Finally, when a truce was on the point of being concluded on terms of the most salutary character, terms which were demanded in a spirit of the utmost fair-mindedness by Caesar and accepted by Pompey without protest, it was in the end broken and shattered by Curio in spite of Ciceros extraordinary efforts to preserve harmony in the state." + }, + { + "id": 15929, + "la": "Harum praeteritarumque rerum ordo cum iustis aliorum voluminibus promatur, tum, uti spero, nostris explicabitur", + "en": "As to the order of these events, and of those which have been mentioned before, the reader is referred to the special works of other historians, and I myself hope some day to give them in full." + }, + { + "id": 15930, + "la": "Nunc proposito operi sua forma reddatur, si prius gratulatus ero Q Catulo, duobus Lucullis Metelloque et Hortensio, qui, cum sine invidia in re publica floruissent eminuissentque sine periculo, quieta aut certe non praecipitata fatali ante initium bellorum civilium morte functi sunt", + "en": "But at the present time it will be consistent with the general plan of this briefer narrative if I merely stop to congratulate Quintus Catulus, the two Luculli, Metellus, and Hortensius, who, after flourishing in public life without envy and rising to pre-eminence without danger to themselves, in the course of nature died a peaceful or at least a not untimely death before the outbreak of the civil wars." + }, + { + "id": 15931, + "la": "Lentulo et Marcello consulibus post urbem conditam annis septingentis et tribus, et annos octo et septuaginta ante quam tu, M Vinici, consulatum inires, bellum civile exarsit", + "en": "In the consulship of Lentulus and Marcellus,a seven hundred and three years after the founding of the city and seventy-eight years before your consulship, Marcus Vinicius, the civil war burst into flame." + }, + { + "id": 15932, + "la": "Alterius ducis causa melior videbatur, alterius erat firmior; hic omnia speciosa, illic valentia; Pompeium senatus auctoritas, Caesarem militum armavit fiducia", + "en": "The one leader seemed to have the better cause, the other the stronger; on the one was the appearance, on the other the reality of power; Pompey was armed with the authority of the senate, Caesar with the devotion of his soldiers." + }, + { + "id": 15933, + "la": "Consules senatusque causae non Pompeio summam imperii detulerunt", + "en": "The consuls and the senate conferred the supreme authority not on Pompey but on his cause." + }, + { + "id": 15934, + "la": "Nihil relictum a Caesare, quod servandae pacis causa temptari posset, nihil receptum a Pompeianis, cum alter consul iusto esset ferocior, Lentulus vero salva re publica salvus esse non posset, M autem Cato moriendum ante, quam ullam condicionem civis accipiendam rei publicae contenderet", + "en": "No effort was omitted by Caesar that could be tried in the interest of peace, but no offer of his was accepted by the Pompeians. Of the two consuls, one showed more bitterness than was fair, the other, Lentulus, could not save himself from ruin without bringing ruin upon the state, while Marcus Cato insisted that they should fight to the death rather than allow the republic to accept a single dictate from a mere citizen." + }, + { + "id": 15935, + "la": "Vir antiquus et gravis Pompei partes laudaret magis, prudens sequeretur Caesaris, et illa gloriosiora, haec terribiliora duceret", + "en": "The stern Roman of the old-fashioned type would praise the cause of Pompey, the politic would follow the lead of Caesar, recognizing that while there was on the one side greater prestige, the other was the more formidable." + }, + { + "id": 15936, + "la": "Ut deinde spretis omnibus quae Caesar postulaverat, tantummodo contentus cum una legione titulum retinere provinciae, privatus in urbem veniret et se in petitione consulatus suffragiis populi Romani committeret decrevere, ratus bellandum Caesar cum exercitu Rubiconem transiit", + "en": "When at last, rejecting all the demands of Caesar, who was content to retain the title to the province,a with but a single legion, the senate decreed that he should enter the city as a private citizen and should as such, submit himself to the votes of the Roman people in his candidacy for the consulship, Caesar concluded that war was inevitable and crossed the Rubiconb with his army." + }, + { + "id": 15937, + "la": "Cn Pompeius consulesque et maior pars senatus relicta urbe ac deinde Italia transmisere Dyrrachium", + "en": "Gnaeus Pompeius, the consuls, and the majority of the senate abandoned first the city, then Italy, and crossed the sea to Dyrrachium." + }, + { + "id": 15938, + "la": "At Caesar Domitio legionibusque, Corfini quae una cum eo fuerant, potitus, duce aliisque, qui voluerant abire ad Pompeium, sine dilatione dimissis, persecutus Brundusium, ita ut appareret malle integris rebus et condicionibus finire bellum quam opprimere fugientis, cum transgressos reperisset consules, in urbem revertit redditaque ratione consiliorum suorum in senatu et in contione ac miserrimae necessitudinis, cum alienis armis ad arma compulsus esset, Hispanias petere decrevit", + "en": "Caesar, on his side, having got into his power Domitius and the legions that were with him at Corfinium, immediately released this commander and all others who so wished, and allowed them to join Pompey, whom he now followed to Brundisium, making it clear that he preferred to put an end to the war while the state was uninjured and negotiation still possible, rather than to crush his fleeing enemy. Finding that the consuls had crossed the sea he returned to the city, and after rendering to the senate and also to the assembly of the people an account of his motives and of the deplorable necessity of his position, in that he had been driven to arms by others who had themselves resorted to arms, he resolved to march on Spain." + }, + { + "id": 15939, + "la": "Festinationem itineris eius aliquamdiu morata Massilia est, fide melior quam consilio prudentior, intempestive principalium armorum arbitria captans, quibus hi se debent interponere, qui non parentem coercere possunt", + "en": "The rapidity of his march was delayed for some time by the city of Massilia, which with more honesty of intention than with wise discretion assumed the unseasonable role of arbiter between the two armed leaders, an intervention suited only to those who are in a position to coerce the combatant refusing obedience." + }, + { + "id": 15940, + "la": "Exercitus deinde, qui sub Afranio consulari ac Petreio praetorio fuerat, ipsius adventus vigore ac fulgore occupatus se Caesari tradidit; uterque legatorum et quisquis cuiusque ordinis sequi eos voluerat, remissi ad Pompeium", + "en": "Next, the army, commanded by Afranius, an ex-consul, and Petreius, an ex-praetor, taken off its guard by Caesars energy and the lightning speed of his arrival, surrendereda to him. Both the commanders and all others, of whatever rank, who wished to follow them were allowed to return to Pompey." + }, + { + "id": 15941, + "la": "Proximo anno cum Dyrrachium ac vicina ei urbi regio castris Pompei obtineretur, qui accitis ex omnibus transmarinis provinciis legionibus, equitum ac peditum auxiliis, regumque et tetrarcharum simulque dynastarum copiis inmanem exercitum confecerat et mare praesidiis classium, ut rebatur, saepserat, quo minus Caesar legiones posset transmittere, sua et celeritate et fortuna C Caesar usus nihil in mora habuit, quo minus eo quo vellet ipse exercitusque classibus perveniret, et primo paene castris Pompei sua iungeret, mox etiam obsidione munimentisque eum complecteretur", + "en": "The next year found Dyrrachium and its vicinity occupied by the camp of Pompey, who by summoning legions from all the provinces beyond the sea, together with auxiliary troops of foot and horse, and the forces of kings, tetrarchs, and other subject rulers, had in this way collected a formidable army, and had with his fleets established, as he thought, a successful blockade upon the sea to prevent Caesar from transporting his legions across the Adriatic. But Caesar, relying upon his usual rapidity of action and his famous luck, allowed nothing to prevent him or his army from crossing and landing at any port he pleased, and at first pitched his camp almost touching that of Pompey, and then proceeded to surround the latter by entrenchments and siege works." + }, + { + "id": 15942, + "la": "Sed inopia obsidentibus quam obsessis erat gravior", + "en": "But lack of provisions was a more serious matter to the besiegers than to the besieged." + }, + { + "id": 15943, + "la": "Tum Balbus Cornelius excedente humanam fidem temeritate ingressus castra hostium saepiusque cum Lentulo conlocutus consule, dubitante quanti se venderet, illis incrementis fecit viam, quibus non in Hispania ex cive natus, sed Hispanus, in triumphum et pontificatum adsurgeret fieretque ex privato consularis", + "en": "It was at this time that Balbus Cornelius, at incredible risk, entered the camp of the enemy and held several conferences with the consul Lentulus, whose only doubt was what price to put upon himself. It was by stages such as this that Balbus, who was not even the son of a Roman citizen born in Spain but actually a Spaniard, paved the way for his later rise to the pontificate and to a triumph, and from the rank of private citizen to that of a consul." + }, + { + "id": 15944, + "la": "Variatum deinde proeliis, sed uno longe magis Pompeianis prospero, quo graviter impulsi sunt Caesaris milites", + "en": "Conflicts followed, with shifting fortunes. Onea of these battles was much more favourable to the Pompeians, and Caesars troops were severely repulsed." + }, + { + "id": 15945, + "la": "Tum Caesar cum exercitu fatalem victoriae suae Thessaliam petiit", + "en": "Then Caesar marched with his army into Thessaly, destined to be the scene of his victory." + }, + { + "id": 15946, + "la": "Pompeius, longe diversa aliis suadentibus, quorum plerique hortabantur, ut in Italiam transmitteret (neque hercules quidquam partibus illis salubrius fuit), alii, ut bellum traheret, quod dignatione partium in dies ipsis magis prosperum fieret, usus impetu suo hostem secutus est", + "en": "Pompey, in spite of the contrary advice of others, followed his own impulse and set out after the enemy. Most of his advisers urged him to cross into Italy'nor indeed was there any course more expedient for his party'others advised him to prolong the war, which, by reason of the esteem in which the party was held, was daily becoming more favourable to them." + }, + { + "id": 15947, + "la": "Aciem Pharsalicam et illum cruentissimum Romano nomini diem tantumque utriusque exercitus profusum sanguinis et conlisa inter se duo rei publicae capita effossumque alterum Romani imperii lumen et tot talesque Pompeianarum partium caesos viros non recipit enarranda hic scripturae modus", + "en": "The limits set to a work of this kind will not permit me to describe in detail the battle of Pharsalia, that day of carnage so fatal to the Roman name, when so much blood was shed on either side, the clash of arms between the two heads of the state, the extinction of one of the two luminaries of the Roman world, and the slaughter of so many noble men on Pompeys side." + }, + { + "id": 15948, + "la": "Illud notandum est: ut primum C Caesar inclinatam vidit Pompeianorum aciem, neque prius neque antiquius quidquam habuit, quam ut in omnes partes,* * * ut militari verbo ex consuetudine utar, dimitteret", + "en": "One detail, however, I cannot refrain from noting. When Gaius Caesar saw that Pompeys army was defeated he made it his first and foremost concern to send out orders to grant quarterc'if I may use the habitual military expression." + }, + { + "id": 15949, + "la": "Pro dii immortales, quod huius voluntatis erga Brutum suae postea vir tam mitis pretium tulit! Nihil in illa victoria mirabilius, magnificentius, clarius fuit, quam quod neminem nisi acie consumptum civem patria desideravit: sed munus misericordiae corrupit pertinacia, cum libentius vitam victor iam daret, quam victi acciperent", + "en": "Ye immortal gods! What a reward did this merciful man afterwards receive for his kindness to Brutus! There is nothing more marvellous about that victory, nothing more magnificent, nothing more glorious, than that our country did not mourn the loss of any citizen save those who had fallen in battle. But his offer of clemency was set at nought by the stubbornness of his opponents, since the victor was more ready to grant life than the vanquished to accept it." + }, + { + "id": 15950, + "la": "Pompeius profugiens cum duobus Lentulis consularibus Sextoque filio et Favonio praetorio, quos comites ei fortuna adgregaverat, aliis, ut Parthos, aliis, ut Africam peteret, in qua fidelissimum partium suarum haberet regem Iubam, suadentibus, Aegyptum petere proposuit memor bene ficiorum, quae in patrem eius Ptolemaei, qui tum puero quam iuveni propior regnabat Alexandriae, contulerat", + "en": "Pompey fled with the two Lentuli, both ex-consuls, his own son Sextus, and Favonius, a former praetor, friends whom chance had gathered about him as his companions. Some advised him to take refuge with the Parthians, others in Africa, where he had in King Juba a most loyal partisan; but, remembering the favours which he had conferred upon the father of Ptolemy, who, though still between boyhood and manhood, was now reigning at Alexandria, he decided to repair to Egypt." + }, + { + "id": 15951, + "la": "Sed quis in adversis beneficiorum servat memoriam? Aut quis ullam calamitosis deberi putat gratiam? Aut quando fortuna non mutat fidem? Missi itaque ab rege, qui venientem Cn Pompeium (is iam a Mytilenis Corneliam uxorem receptam in navem fugae comitem habere coeperat) consilio Theodoti et Achillae exciperent hortarenturque, ut ex oneraria in eam navem, quae obviam processerat, transcenderet; quod cum fecisset, princeps Romani nominis imperio arbitrioque Aegyptii mancipii C Caesare P Servilio consulibus iugulatus est", + "en": "But, in adversity who remembers past services? Who considers that any gratitude is due to those who have met disaster? When does change of fortune fail to shift allegiance? Envoys were sent by the king at the instance of Theodotus and Achillas to receive Pompey on his arrival'he was now accompanied in his flight by his wife Cornelia, who had been taken on board at Mytilene'and to urge him to change from the merchant ship to the vessela which had come out to meet him. Having accepted the invitation, the first of the citizens of Rome was stabbed to death by the order and dictation of an Egyptian vassal, the year of his death being the consulship of Gaius Caesar and Publius Servilius." + }, + { + "id": 15952, + "la": "Hic post tres consulatus et totidem triumphos domitumque terrarum orbem sanctissimi atque praestantissimi viri in id evecti, super quod ascendi non potest, duodesexagesimum annum agentis pridie natalem ipsius vitae fuit exitus, in tantum in illo viro a se discordante fortuna, ut cui modo ad victoriam terra defuerat, deesset ad sepulturam", + "en": "So died in his fifty-eighth year, on the very eve of his birthday, that upright and illustrious man, after holding three consulships, celebrating three triumphs, conquering the whole world, and attaining to a pinnacle of fame beyond which it is impossible to rise. Such was the inconsistency of fortune in his case, that he who but a short time before had found no more lands to conquer now found none for his burial." + }, + { + "id": 15953, + "la": "Quid aliud quam nimium occupatos dixerim, quos in aetate et tanti et paene nostri saeculi viri fefellit quinquennium, cum a C Atilio et Q Servilio consulibus tam facilis esset annorum digestio? Quod adieci, non ut arguerem, sed ne arguerer", + "en": "As regards Pompeys age, what excuse, other than that of excessive preoccupation, shall I make for those who have made an error of five years in the age of one who was not only a great man but who almost belongs to our century, especially as it is so easy to reckon from the consulship of Caius Atilius and Quintus Serviliusa? I have added this remark not for the sake of criticizing others, but to avoid criticism of myself." + }, + { + "id": 15954, + "la": "Non fuit maior in Caesarem, quam in Pompeium fuerat, regis eorumque, quorum is auctoritate regebatur, fides", + "en": "The loyalty of the king, and of those by whose influence he was controlled, was no greater towards Caesar than it had been toward Pompey." + }, + { + "id": 15955, + "la": "Quippe cum venientem eum temptassent insidiis ac deinde bello lacessere auderent, utrique summorum imperatorum, alteri mortuo, alteri superstiti meritas poenas luere suppliciis", + "en": "For, upon Caesars arrival in Egypt, they assailed him with plots and subsequently dared to challenge him in open warfare. By suffering death they paid to both of these great commanders, the living and the dead, a well-deserved atonement." + }, + { + "id": 15956, + "la": "Nusquam erat Pompeius corpore, adhuc ubique vivebat nomine", + "en": "Pompey the man was no more, but his name still lived everywhere." + }, + { + "id": 15957, + "la": "Quippe ingens partium eius favor bellum excitaverat Africum, quod ciebat rex Iuba et Scipio, vir consularis, ante biennium quam extingueretur Pompeius, lectus ab eo socer, eorumque copias auxerat M Cato, ingenti cum difficultate itinerum locorumque inopia perductis ad eos legionibus", + "en": "For the strong support his party had in Africa had stirred up in that country a war in which the moving spirits were King Juba and Scipio, a man of consular rank, whom Pompey had chosen for his father-in-law two years before his death. Their forces were augmented by Marcus Cato, who, in spite of the great difficulty of the march, and the lack of supplies in the regions traversed, succeeded in conducting his legions to them." + }, + { + "id": 15958, + "la": "Qui vir cum summum ei a militibus deferretur imperium, honoratiori parere maluit", + "en": "Cato, although offered the supreme command by the soldiers, preferred to take orders from Scipio, his superior in rank." + }, + { + "id": 15959, + "la": "Admonet promissae brevitatis fides, quanto omnia transcursu dicenda sint", + "en": "Fidelity to my promise of brevity reminds me how rapidly I must pass over the details of my narrative." + }, + { + "id": 15960, + "la": "Sequens fortunam suam Caesar pervectus in Africam est, quam occiso C Curione, Iulianarum duce partium, Pompeiani obtinebant exercitus", + "en": "Caesar, following up his success, passed over to Africa, of which the Pompeian armies now held possession since the death of Gaius Curio, the leader there of the Caesarian party." + }, + { + "id": 15961, + "la": "Ibi primo varia fortuna, mox pugnavit sua, inclinataeque hostium copiae: nec dissimilis ibi adversus victos quam in priores clementia Caesaris fuit", + "en": "At first his armies were attended by a varying fortune, but later by his usual luck the forces of the enemy were routed.b Here again he showed no less clemency toward the vanquished than to those whom he had defeated in the previous war." + }, + { + "id": 15962, + "la": "Victorem Africani belli Caesarem gravius excepit Hispaniense (nam victus ab eo Pharnaces vix quidquam gloriae eius adstruxit), quod Cn Pompeius, Magni filius, adulescens impetus ad bella maximi, ingens ac terribile conflaverat, undique ad eum adhuc paterni nominis magnitudinem sequentium ex toto orbe terrarum auxiliis confluentibus", + "en": "Caesar, victorious in Africa, was now confronted by a more serious war in Spain (for the defeat of Pharnacesc may be passed over, since it added but little to his renown). This great and formidable war had been stirred up by Gnaeus Pompeius, the son of Pompey the Great, a young man of great energy in war, and reinforcements flowed in from all parts of the world from among those who still followed his fathers great name." + }, + { + "id": 15963, + "la": "Sua Caesarem in Hispaniam comitata fortuna est, sed nullum umquam atrocius periculosiusque ab eo initum proelium, adeo ut plus quam dubio Marte descenderet equo consistensque ante recedentem suorum aciem, increpata prius fortuna, quod se in eum servasset exitum, denuntiaret militibus vestigio se non recessurum : proinde viderent, quem et quo loco imperatorem deserturi forent", + "en": "Caesars usual fortune followed him to Spain; but no battle in which he ever engaged was more bitterly fought or more dangerous to his cause.d Once, indeed, when the fight was now more than doubtful, he leapt from his horse, placed himself before his lines, now beginning to give way, and, after upbraiding fortune for saving him for such an end, announced to his soldiers that he would not retreat a step. He asked them to consider who their commander was and in what a pass they were about to desert him." + }, + { + "id": 15964, + "la": "Verecundia magis quam virtute acies restituta, et a duce quam a milite fortius", + "en": "It was shame rather than valour that restored their wavering line, and the commander showed more courage than his men." + }, + { + "id": 15965, + "la": "Cn Pompeius gravis vulnere inventus inter solitudines avias interemptus est; Labienum Varumque acies abstulit", + "en": "Gnaeus Pompeius, badly wounded, was discovered on a pathless waste and put to death. Labienus and Varus met their death in battle." + }, + { + "id": 15966, + "la": "Caesar omnium victor regressus in urbem, quod humanam excedat fidem, omnibus, qui contra se arma tulerant, ignovit, magnificentissimisque gladiatorii muneris, naumachiae et equitum peditumque, simul elephantorum certaminis spectaculis epulique per multos dies dati celebratione replevit eam", + "en": "Caesar, victorious over all his enemies, returned to the city, and pardoned all who had borne arms against him, an act of generosity almost passing belief. He entertained the city to repletion with the magnificent spectacle of a gladiatorial show, a sham battle of ships, mock battles of cavalry, infantry, and even mounted elephants, and the celebration of a public banquet which was continued through several days." + }, + { + "id": 15967, + "la": "Quinque egit triumphos: Gallici apparatus ex citro, Pontici ex acantho, Alexandrini testudine, Africi ebore, Hispaniensis argento rasili constitit", + "en": "He celebrated five triumphs.a The emblems in his Gallic triumph were of citrus wood; in his Pontic of acanthus; in his Alexandrian triumph of tortoise-shell, in his African of ivory, and in his Spanish of polished silver." + }, + { + "id": 15968, + "la": "Pecunia ex manubiis lata paulo amplius sexiens miliens sestertium", + "en": "The money borne in his triumphs, realized from the sale of spoils, amounted to a little more than six hundred million sesterces." + }, + { + "id": 15969, + "la": "Neque illi tanto viro et tam clementer omnibus victoriis suis uso plus quinque mensium principalis quies contigit", + "en": "But it was the lot of this great man, who behaved with such clemency in all his victories, that his peaceful enjoyment of supreme power should last but five months." + }, + { + "id": 15970, + "la": "Quippe cum mense Octobri in urbem revertisset, idibus Martiis, coniurationis auctoribus Bruto et Cassio, quorum alterum promittendo consulatum non obligaverat, contra differendo Cassium offenderat, adiectis etiam consiliariis caedis familiarissimis omnium et fortuna partium eius in summum evectis fastigium, D Bruto et C Trebonio aliisque clari nominis viris, interemptus est", + "en": "For, returning to the city in October, he was slain on the ides of March.c Brutus and Cassius were the leaders of the conspiracy. He had failed to win the former by the promise of the consulship, and had offended the latter by the postponement of his candidacy. There were also in the plot to compass his death some of the most intimate of all his friends, who owed their elevation to the success of his party, namely Decimus Brutus, Gaius Trebonius, and others of illustrious name." + }, + { + "id": 15971, + "la": "Cui magnam invidiam conciliarat M Antonius, omnibus audendis paratissimus, consulatus collega, inponendo capiti eius Lupercalibus sedentis pro rostris insigne regium, quod ab eo ita repulsum erat, ut non offensus videretur", + "en": "Marcus Antonius, his colleague in the consulship ever ready for acts of daring, had brought great odium upon Caesar by placing a royal crown upon his head as he sat on the rostra at the Lupercalia. Caesar put the crown from him, but in such a way that he did not seem to be displeased." + }, + { + "id": 15972, + "la": "Laudandum experientia consilium est Pansae atque Hirtii, qui semper praedixerant Caesari ut principatum armis quaesitum armis teneret", + "en": "In the light of experience due credit should be given to the counsel of Pansa and Hirtius, who had always warned Caesar that he must hold by arms the position which he had won by arms." + }, + { + "id": 15973, + "la": "Ille dictitans mori se quam timere malle dum clementiam, quam praestiterat, expectat, incautus ab ingratis occupatus est, cum quidem plurima ei praesagia atque indicia dii immortales futuri obtulissent periculi", + "en": "But Caesar kept reiterating that he would rather die than live in fear, and while he looked for a return for the clemency he had shown, he was taken off his guard by men devoid of gratitude, although the gods gave many signs and presages of the threatened danger." + }, + { + "id": 15974, + "la": "Nam et haruspices praemonuerant, ut diligentissime iduum Martiarum caveret diem, et uxor Calpurnia territa nocturno visu, ut ea die domi subsisteret, orabat, et libelli coniurationem nuntiantes dati neque protinus ab eo lecti erant", + "en": "For the soothsayersa had warned him beforehand carefully to beware the Ides of March; his wife Calpurnia, terrified by a dream, kept begging him to remain at home on that day; and notes warning him of the conspiracy were handed him, but he neglected to read them at the time." + }, + { + "id": 15975, + "la": "Sed profecto ineluctabilis fatorum vis, cuiuscumque fortunam mutare constituit, consilia corrumpit", + "en": "But verily the power of destiny is inevitable; it confounds the judgement of him whose fortune it has determined to reverse." + }, + { + "id": 15976, + "la": "Quo anno id patravere facinus Brutus et Cassius praetores erant, D Brutus consul designatus", + "en": "Brutus and Cassius were praetors, and Decimus Brutus was consul designate in the year in which they perpetrated this deed." + }, + { + "id": 15977, + "la": "hi una cum coniurationis globo, stipati gladiatorum D Bruti manu, Capitolium occupavere", + "en": "These three, with the remainder of the group of conspirators, escorted by a band of gladiators belonging to Decimus Brutus, seized the capitol." + }, + { + "id": 15978, + "la": "Tum consul Antonius (quem cum simul interimendum censuisset Cassius testamentumque Caesaris abolendum, Brutus repugnaverat dictitans nihil amplius civibus praeter tyranni'ita enim appellari Caesarem facto eius expediebat'petendum esse sanguinem) convocato senatu, cum iam Dolabella, quem substituturus sibi Caesar designaverat consulem, fasces atque insignia corripuisset consulis, velut pacis auctor liberos suos obsides in Capitolium misit fidemque descendendi tuto interfectoribus Caesaris dedit", + "en": "Thereupon Antonius, as consul, summoned the senate. Cassius had been in favour of slaying Antony as well as Caesar, and of destroying Caesars will, but Brutus had opposed him, insisting that citizens ought not to seek the blood of any but the tyrant'for to call Caesar tyrant placed his deed in a better light. Dolabella, whom Caesar had named for the consulship, with the intention of putting him in his own place,a had already seized the fasces and the insignia of that office. Having summoned the senate, Antonius, acting as the guarantor of peace, sent his own sonsb to the capitol as hostages and thus gave his assurance to the slayers of Caesar that they might come down in safety." + }, + { + "id": 15979, + "la": "Et illud decreti Atheniensium celeberrimi exemplum, relatum a Cicerone, oblivionis praeteritarum rerum decreto patrum comprobatum est", + "en": "On the motion of Cicero the famous precedent of the Athenians granting amnesty for past acts was approved by decree of the senate." + }, + { + "id": 15980, + "la": "Caesaris deinde testamentum apertum est, quo C Octavium, nepotem sororis suae Iuliae, adoptabat", + "en": "Caesars will was then opened, by which he adopted Gaius Octavius, the grandson of his sister Julia." + }, + { + "id": 15981, + "la": "De cuius origine, etiam si praeveniet, pauca dicenda sunt", + "en": "Of the origin of Octavius I must say a few words, even if the account comes before its proper place." + }, + { + "id": 15982, + "la": "Fuit C Octavius ut non patricia, ita admodum speciosa equestri genitus familia, gravis, sanctus, innocens, dives", + "en": "Gaius Octavius, his father, though not of patrician birth, was descended from a very prominent equestrian family, and was himself a man of dignity, of upright and blameless life, and of great wealth." + }, + { + "id": 15983, + "la": "Hic praetor inter nobilissimos viros creatus primo loco, cum ei dignatio Iulia genitam Atiam conciliasset uxorem, ex eo honore sortitus Macedoniam appellatusque in ea imperator, decedens ad petitionem consulatus obiit praetextato relicto filio", + "en": "Chosen praetor at the head of the poll among a list of candidates of noble birth, this distinction won for him a marriage alliance with Atia, a daughter of Julia. After he had filled the office of praetor, the province of Macedonia fell to his lot, where he was honoured with the title of imperator. He was returning thence to sue for the consulship when he died on the way, leaving a son still in his early teens." + }, + { + "id": 15984, + "la": "Quem C Caesar, maior eius avunculus, educatum apud Philippum vitricum dilexit ut suum, natumque annos duodeviginti Hispaniensis militiae adsecutum se postea comitem habuit, numquam aut alio usum hospitio quam suo aut alio vectum vehiculo, pontificatusque sacerdotio puerum honoravit", + "en": "Though he had been reared in the house of his stepfather, Philippus, Gaius Caesar, his great-uncle, loved this boy as his own son. At the age of eighteen Octavius followed Caesar to Spain in his campaign there, and Caesar kept him with him thereafter as his companion, allowing him to share the same roof and ride in the same carriage, and though he was still a boy, honoured him with the pontificate." + }, + { + "id": 15985, + "la": "Et patratis bellis civilibus ad erudiendam liberalibus disciplinis singularis indolem iuvenis Apolloniam eum in studia miserat, mox belli Getici ac deinde Parthici habiturus commilitonem", + "en": "When the civil war was over, with a view to training his remarkable talents by liberal studies, he sent him to Apollonia to study, with the intention of taking him with him as his companion in his contemplated wars with the Getae and the Parthians." + }, + { + "id": 15986, + "la": "Cui ut est nuntiatum de caede avunculi, cum protinus ex vicinis legionibus centuriones suam suorumque militum operam ei pollicerentur neque eam spernendam Salvidienus et Agrippa dicerent, ille festinans pervenire in urbem omnem ordinem ac rationem et necis et testamenti Brundusii comperit", + "en": "At the first announcement of his uncles death, although the centurions of the neighbouring legions at once proffered their own services and those of their men, and Salvidienus and Agrippa advised him to accept the offer, he made such haste to arrive in the city that he was already at Brundisium when he learned the details of the assassination and the terms of his uncles will." + }, + { + "id": 15987, + "la": "Cui adventanti Romam inmanis amicorum occurrit frequentia, et cum intraret urbem, solis orbis super caput eius curvatus aequaliter rotundatusque in colorem arcus velut coronam tanti mox viri capiti imponens conspectus est", + "en": "As he approached Rome an enormous crowd of his friends went out to meet him, and at the moment of his entering the city, men saw above his head the orb of the sun with a circle about it, coloured like the rainbow,a seeming thereby to place a crown upon the head of one destined soon to greatness." + }, + { + "id": 15988, + "la": "Non placebat Atiae matri Philippoque vitrico adiri nomen invidiosae fortunae Caesaris, sed adserebant salutaria rei publicae terrarumque orbis fata conditorem conservatoremque Romani nominis", + "en": "His mother Atia and Philippus his stepfather disliked the thought of his assuming the name of Caesar, whose fortune had aroused such jealousy, but the fates that preside over the welfare of the commonwealth and of the world took into their own keeping the second founder and preserver of the Roman name." + }, + { + "id": 15989, + "la": "Sprevit itaque caelestis animus humana consilia et cum periculo potius summa quam tuto humilia proposuit sequi maluitque avunculo et Caesari de se quam vitrico credere, dictitans nefas esse, quo nomine Caesari dignus esset visus, semet ipsum sibi videri indignum", + "en": "His divine soul therefore spurned the counsels of human wisdom, and he determined to pursue the highest goal with danger rather than a lowly estate and safety. He preferred to trust the judgement concerning himself of a great-uncle who was Caesar, rather than that of a stepfather, saying that he had no right to think himself unworthy of the name of which Caesar had thought him worthy." + }, + { + "id": 15990, + "la": "Hunc protinus Antonius consul superbe excepit (neque is erat contemptus, sed metus) vixque admisso in Pompeianos hortos loquendi secum tempus dedit, mox etiam velut insidiis eius petitus sceleste insimulare coepit, in quo turpiter deprehensa eius vanitas est", + "en": "On his arrival, Antony, the consul, received him haughtily'out of fear, however, rather than contempt'and grudgingly gave him, after he had secured admission to Pompeys gardens, a few moments conversation with himself; and it was not long before Antony began wickedly to insinuate that an attempt had been made upon his life through plots fostered by Octavius. In this matter, however, the untrustworthiness of the character of Antony was disclosed, to his discredit." + }, + { + "id": 15991, + "la": "Aperte deinde Antonii ac Dolabellae consulum ad nefandam dominationem erupit furor", + "en": "Later the mad ambition of Antony and Dolabella, the consuls, for the attainment of an unholy despotism, burst into view." + }, + { + "id": 15992, + "la": "Sestertium septiens miliens, depositum a C Caesare ad aedem Opis, occupatum ab Antonio, actorum eiusdem insertis falsis civitatibus inmunitatibusque corrupti commentarii atque omnia pretio temperata, vendente rem publicam consule", + "en": "The seven hundred thousand sestertia deposited by Gaius Caesar in the temple of Ops were seized by Antony; the records of his acts were tampered with by the insertion of forged grants of citizenship and immunity; and all his documents were garbled for money considerations, the consul bartering away the public interests." + }, + { + "id": 15993, + "la": "Idem provinciam D Bruto designato consuli decretam Galliam occupare statuit, Dolabella transmarinas decrevit sibi; interque naturaliter dissimillimos ac diversa volentis crescebat odium, eoque C Caesar iuvenis cotidianis Antonii petebatur insidiis", + "en": "Antony resolved to seize the province of Gaul, which had been assigned by decree to Decimus Brutus, the consul designate, while Dolabella had the provinces beyond the sea assigned to himself. Between men by nature so unlike and with such different aims there grew up a feeling of hatred, and in consequence, the young Gaius Caesar was the object of daily plots on the part of Antony." + }, + { + "id": 15994, + "la": "Torpebat oppressa dominatione Antonii civitas", + "en": "The state languished, oppressed by the tyranny of Antony." + }, + { + "id": 15995, + "la": "Indignatio et dolor omnibus, vis ad resistendum nulli aderat, cum C Caesar undevicesimum annum ingressus, mira ausus ac summa consecutus privato consilio maiorem senatu pro re publica animum habuit primumque a Calatia, mox a Casilino veteranos excivit paternos; quorum exemplum secuti alii brevi in formam iusti coiere exercitus", + "en": "All felt resentment and indignation, but no one had the power to resist, until Gaius Caesar, who had just entered his nineteenth year, with marvellous daring and supreme success, showed by his individual sagacity a courage in the states behalf which exceeded that of the senate. He summoned his fathers veterans first from Calatia then from Casilinum; other veterans followed their example, and in a short time they united to form a regular army." + }, + { + "id": 15996, + "la": "Mox cum Antonius occurrisset exercitui, quem ex transmarinis provinciis Brundusium venire iusserat, legio Martia et quarta cognita et senatus voluntate et tanti iuvenis indole sublatis signis ad Caesarem se contulerunt", + "en": "Not long afterwards, when Antony had met the army which he had ordered to assemble at Brundisium from the provinces beyond the sea, two legions, the Martian and the fourth, learning of the feeling of the senate and the spirit shown by this courageous youth, took up their standards and went over to Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 15997, + "la": "Eum senatus honoratum equestri statua, quae hodieque in rostris posita aetatem eius scriptura indicat (qui honor non alii per trecentos annos quam L Sullae et Cn Pompeio et C Caesari contigerat), pro praetore una cum consulibus designatis Hirtio et Pansa bellum cum Antonio gerere iussit", + "en": "The senate honoured him with an equestrian statue, which is still standing upon the rostra and testifies to his years by its inscription. This is an honour which in three hundred years had fallen to the lot of Lucius Sulla, Gnaeus Pompeius, and Gaius Caesar, and to these alone. The senate commissioned him, with the rank of propraetor, to carry on the war against Antony in conjunction with Hirtius and Pansa, the consuls designate." + }, + { + "id": 15998, + "la": "Id ab eo annum agente vicesimum fortissime circa Mutinam administratum est et D Brutus obsidione liberatus", + "en": "Now in his twentieth year, he conducted the war at Mutina with great bravery, and the siege of Decimus Brutus there was raised." + }, + { + "id": 15999, + "la": "Antonius turpi ac nuda fuga coactus deserere Italiam, consulum autem alter in acie, alter post paucos dies ex volnere mortem obiit", + "en": "Antony was compelled to abandon Italy in undisguised and disgraceful flight. Of the two consuls, the one died upon the field of battle, and the other of his wound a few days afterwards." + }, + { + "id": 16000, + "la": "Omnia ante quam fugaretur Antonius honorifice a senatu in Caesarem exercitumque eius decreta sunt maxime auctore Cicerone; sed ut recessit metus, erupit voluntas protinusque Pompeianis partibus rediit animus", + "en": "Before the defeat of Antony the senate, chiefly on the motion of Cicero, passed all manner of resolutions complimentary to Caesar and his army. But, now that their fears had vanished, their real feelings broke through their disguise, and the Pompeian party once more took heart." + }, + { + "id": 16001, + "la": "Bruto Cassioque provinciae, quas iam ipsi sine ullo senatus consulto occupaverant, decretae, laudati quicumque se iis exercitus tradidissent, omnia transmarina imperia eorum commissa arbitrio", + "en": "By vote of the senate, Brutus and Cassius were now confirmed in possession of the provinces which they had seized upon their own authority without any decree of the senate; the armies which had gone over to them were formally commended; and Brutus and Cassius were given all authority and jurisdiction beyond the sea." + }, + { + "id": 16002, + "la": "Quippe M Brutus et C Cassius, nunc metuentes arma Antonii, nunc ad augendam eius invidiam simulantes se metuere, testati edictis libenter se vel in perpetuo exilio victuros, dum rei publicae constaret concordia, nec ullam belli civilis praebituros materiam, plurimum sibi honoris esse in conscientia facti sui, profecti urbe atque Italia, intento ac pari animo sine auctoritate publica provincias exercitusque occupaverant et, ubicumque ipsi essent, praetexentes esse rem publicam, pecunias etiam, quae ex transmarinis provinciis Romam ab quaestoribus deportabantur, a volentibus acceperant", + "en": "It is true that these two men had issued manifestoes'at first in real fear of armed violence at the hands of Antony, and later to increase Antonys unpopularity, with the pretence of fear ' manifestos in which they declared that for the sake of ensuring harmony in the republic they were even ready to live in perpetual exile, that they would furnish no grounds for civil war, and that the consciousness of the service they had rendered by their act was ample reward. But, when they had once left Rome and Italy behind them, by deliberate agreement and without government sanction they had taken possession of provinces and armies, and under the pretence that the republic existed wherever they were, they had gone so far as to receive from the quaestors, with their own consent, it is true, the moneys which these men were conveying to Rome from the provinces across the sea." + }, + { + "id": 16003, + "la": "Quae omnia senatus decretis comprensa et comprobata sunt et D Bruto, quod alieno beneficio viveret, decretus triumphus, Pansae atque Hirtii corpora publica sepultura honorata, Caesaris adeo nulla habita mentio, ut legati, qui ad exercitum eius missi erant, iuberentur summoto eo milites adloqui", + "en": "All these acts were now included in the decrees of the senate and formally ratified. Decimus Brutus was voted a triumph, presumably because, thanks to anothers services, he had escaped with his life. Hirtius and Pansa were honoured with a public funeral. Of Caesar not a word was said. The senate even went so far as to instruct its envoys, who had been sent to Caesars army, to confer with the soldiers alone, without the presence of their general." + }, + { + "id": 16004, + "la": "Non fuit tam ingratus exercitus, quam fuerat senatus; nam cum eam iniuriam dissimulando Caesar ipse ferret, negavere milites sine imperatore suo ulla se audituros mandata", + "en": "But the ingratitude of the senate was not shared by the army; for, though Caesar himself pretended not to see the slight, the soldiers refused to listen to any orders without the presence of their commander." + }, + { + "id": 16005, + "la": "Hoc est illud tempus, quo Cicero insito amore Pompeianarum partium Caesarem laudandum et tollendum censebat, cum aliud diceret, aliud intellegi vellet", + "en": "It was at this time that Cicero, with his deep-seated attachment for the Pompeian party, expressed the opinion, which said one thing and meant another, to the effect that Caesar should be commended and then'elevated." + }, + { + "id": 16006, + "la": "Interim Antonius fuga transgressus Alpes, primo per conloquia repulsus a M Lepido, qui pontifex maximus in C Caesaris locum furto creatus decreta sibi Hispania adhuc in Gallia morabatur, mox saepius in conspectum veniens militum (cum et Lepido omnes imperatores forent meliores et multis Antonius, dum erat sobrius), per aversa castrorum proruto vallo a militibus receptus est", + "en": "Meanwhile Antony in his flight had crossed the Alps, and at first made overtures to Marcus Lepidus which were rejected. Now Lepidus had surreptitiously been made pontifex in Caesars place, and, though the province of Spain had been assigned to him, was still lingering in Gaul. Later, however, Antony showed himself several times to the soldiers of Lepidus, and being, when sober, better than most commanders, whereas none could be worse than Lepidus, he was admitted by the soldiers through a breach which they made in the fortifications in the rear of the camp." + }, + { + "id": 16007, + "la": "Qui titulo imperii cedebat Lepido, cum summa virium penes eum foret", + "en": "Antony still permitted Lepidus to hold the nominal command, while he himself held the real authority." + }, + { + "id": 16008, + "la": "Sub Antonii ingressum in castra Iuventius Laterensis, vir vita ac morte consentaneus, cum acerrime suasisset Lepido, ne se cum Antonio hoste iudicato iungeret, inritus consilii gladio se ipse transfixit", + "en": "At the time when Antony entered the camp, Juventius Laterensis, who had strongly urged Lepidus not to ally himself with Antony now that he had been declared an enemy of the state, finding his advice of no avail ran himself through with his own sword, consistent unto death." + }, + { + "id": 16009, + "la": "Plancus deinde dubia, id est sua, fide, diu quarum esset partium secum luctatus ac sibi difficile consentiens, et nunc adiutor D Bruti designati consulis, collegae sui, senatuique se litteris venditans, mox eiusdem proditor, Asinius autem Pollio firmus proposito et Iulianis partibus fidus, Pompeianis adversus, uterque exercitus tradidere Antonio", + "en": "Later Plancus and Pollio both handed over their armies to Antony. Plancus, with his usual loose ideas of loyalty, after a long debate with himself as to which party to follow, and much difficulty in sticking to his resolutions when formed, now pretended to co-operate with his colleague, Decimus Brutus, the consul designate, thus seeking to ingratiate himself with the senate in his dispatches, and again betrayed him. But Asinius Pollio, steadfast in his resolution, remained loyal to the Julian party and continued to be an adversary of the Pompeians." + }, + { + "id": 16010, + "la": "D Brutus desertus primo a Planco, postea etiam insidiis eiusdem petitus, paulatim relinquente eum exercitu fugiens in hospitis cuiusdam nobilis viri, nomine Cameli, domo ab iis, quos miserat Antonius, iugulatus est iustissimasque optime de se merito viro C Caesari poenas dedit, cuius cum primus omnium amicorum fuisset, interfector fuit et fortunae, ex qua fructum tulerat, invidiam in auctorem relegabat censebatque aequum, quae acceperat a Caesare retinere, Caesarem, qui illa dederat, perire", + "en": "Decimus Brutus, first abandoned by Plancus, and later actually the object of his plots, deserted little by little by his army, and now a fugitive, was slain by the emissaries of Antony in the house of a noble named Camelus with whom he had taken refuge. He thus met his just deserts and paid the penalty of his treason to Gaius Caesar by whom he had been treated so well. He who had been the foremost of all Caesars friends became his assassin, and while he threw upon Caesar the odious responsibility for the fortune of which he himself had reaped the benefits, he thought it fair to retain what he had received at Caesars hands, and for Caesar, who had given it all, to perish." + }, + { + "id": 16011, + "la": "Haec sunt tempora, quibus M Tullius continuis actionibus aeternas Antonii memoriae inussit notas, sed hic fulgentissimo et caelesti ore, at tribunus Cannutius canina rabie lacerabat Antonium", + "en": "This is the period when Cicero in a series of speeches branded the memory of Antony for all time to come. Cicero assailed Antony with his brilliant and god-given tongue, whereas Cannutius the tribune tore him to pieces with the ravening of a mad dog." + }, + { + "id": 16012, + "la": "Utrique vindicta libertatis morte stetit; sed tribuni sanguine commissa proscriptio, Ciceronis velut satiato Antonio paene finita", + "en": "Each paid with his life for his defence of liberty. The proscription was ushered in by the slaying of the tribune; it practically ended with the death of Cicero, as though Antony were now sated with blood." + }, + { + "id": 16013, + "la": "Lepidus deinde a senatu hostis iudicatus est, ut ante fuerat Antonius", + "en": "Lepidus was now declared by the senate an enemy of the state, as Antony had been before him." + }, + { + "id": 16014, + "la": "Tum inter eum Caesaremque et Antonium commercia epistularum et condicionum facta mentio, cum Antonius subinde Caesarem admoneret, quam inimicae ipsi Pompeianae partes forent et in quod iam emersissent fastigium et quanto Ciceronis studio Brutus Cassiusque attollerentur, denuntiaretque se cum Bruto Cassioque, qui iam decem et septem legionum potentes erant, iuncturum vires suas, si Caesar eius aspernaretur concordiam, diceretque plus Caesarem patris quam se amici ultioni debere", + "en": "Then began an interchange of letters between Lepidus, Caesar, and Antony, and terms of agreement were suggested. Antony reminded Caesar how hostile to him the Pompeian party was, to what a height they had now risen, and how zealously Cicero was extolling Brutus and Cassius. Antony threatened to join forces with Brutus and Cassius, who had now control of seventeen legions, if Caesar rejected this friendly overture, and said that Caesar was under greater obligations to avenge a father than he to avenge a friend." + }, + { + "id": 16015, + "la": "Tum inita potentiae societas et hortantibus orantibusque exercitibus inter Antonium etiam et Caesarem facta adfinitas, cum esset privigna Antonii desponsata Caesari", + "en": "Then began their partnership in political power, and, on the urgent advice and entreaty of the armies, a marriage alliance was also made between Antony and Caesar, in which Antonys stepdaughter was betrothed to Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 16016, + "la": "Consulatumque iniit Caesar pridie quam viginti annos impleret decimo Kal Octobres cum collega Q Pedio post urbem conditam annis septingentis et novem, ante duos et septuaginta, quam tu, M Vinici, consulatum inires", + "en": "Caesar, with Quintus Pedius as colleague, entered on the consulshipa one day before the completion of his twentieth year on the twenty-second of September, seven hundred and nine years after the founding of the city and seventy-two, Marcus Vinicius, before the beginning of your consulship." + }, + { + "id": 16017, + "la": "Vidit hic annus Ventidium, per quam urbem inter captivos Picentium in triumpho ductus erat, in ea consularem praetextam iungentem praetoria", + "en": "This year saw Ventidius joining the robes of the consular office to those of praetor in the very city in which he had been led in triumph among the Picentine captives." + }, + { + "id": 16018, + "la": "Idem hic postea triumphavit", + "en": "He also lived to celebrate a triumph of his own." + }, + { + "id": 16019, + "la": "Furente deinde Antonio simulque Lepido, quorum uterque, ut praediximus, hostes iudicati erant, cum ambo mallent sibi nuntiari, quid passi essent, quam quid meruissent, repugnante Caesare, sed frustra adversus duos, instauratum Sullani exempli malum, proscriptio", + "en": "Then the vengeful resentment of Antony and Lepidus'for each of them had been declared public enemies, as has already been stated, and both preferred to hear accounts of what they had suffered, rather than of what they had deserved, at the hands of the senate'renewed the horror of the Sullan proscription. Caesar protested, but without avail, being but one against two." + }, + { + "id": 16020, + "la": "Nihil tam indignum illo tempore fuit, quam quod aut Caesar aliquem proscribere coactus est aut ab ullo Cicero proscriptus est", + "en": "The climax of the shame of this time was that Caesar should be forced to proscribe any one, or that any one should proscribe the name of Cicero." + }, + { + "id": 16021, + "la": "Abscisaque scelere Antonii vox publica est, cum eius salutem nemo defendisset, qui per tot annos et publicam civitatis et privatam civium defenderat", + "en": "By the crime of Antony, when Cicero was beheaded the voice of the people was severed, nor did anyone raise a hand in defence of the man who for so many years had protected the interests both of the state and of the private citizen." + }, + { + "id": 16022, + "la": "Nihil tamen egisti, M Antoni (cogit enim excedere propositi formam operis erumpens animo ac pectore indignatio) nihil, inquam, egisti mercedem caelestissimi oris et clarissimi capitis abscisi numerando auctoramentoque funebri ad conservatoris quondam rei publicae tantique consulis inritando necem", + "en": "But you accomplished nothing, Mark Antony'for the indignation that surges in my breast compels me to exceed the bounds I have set for my narrative'you accomplished nothing, I say, by offering a reward for the sealing of those divine lips and the severing of that illustrious head, and by encompassing with a death-fee the murder of so great a consul and of the man who once had saved the state." + }, + { + "id": 16023, + "la": "Rapuisti tu M Ciceroni lucem sollicitam et aetatem senilem et vitam miseriorem te principe quam sub te triumviro mortem, famam vero gloriamque factorum atque dictorum adeo non abstulisti, ut auxeris", + "en": "You took from Marcus Cicero a few anxious days, a few senile years, a life which would have been more wretched under your domination than was his death in your triumvirate; but you did not rob him of his fame, the glory of his deeds and words, nay you but enhanced them." + }, + { + "id": 16024, + "la": "Vivit vivetque per omnem saeculorum memoriam, dumque hoc vel forte vel providentia vel utcumque constitutum rerum naturae corpus, quod ille paene solus Romanorum animo vidit, ingenio complexus est, eloquentia inluminavit, manebit incolume, comitem aevi sui laudem Ciceronis trahet omnisque posteritas illius in te scripta mirabitur, tuum in eum factum execrabitur citiusque e mundo genus hominum quam Ciceronis nomen cedet", + "en": "He lives and will continue to live in the memory of the ages, and so long as this universe shall endure'this universe which, whether created by chance, or by divine providence, or by whatever cause, he, almost alone of all the Romans, saw with the eye of his mind, grasped with his intellect, illumined with his eloquence'so long shall it be accompanied throughout the ages by the fame of Cicero. All posterity will admire the speeches that he wrote against you, while your deed to him will call forth their execrations, and the race of man shall sooner pass from the world than the name of Cicero be forgotten" + }, + { + "id": 16025, + "la": "Huius totius temporis fortunam ne deflere quidem quisquam satis digne potuit, adeo nemo exprimere verbis potest", + "en": "No one has even been able to deplore the fortunes of this whole period with such tears as the theme deserves, much less can one now describe it in words." + }, + { + "id": 16026, + "la": "Id tamen notandum est, fuisse in proscriptos uxorum fidem summam, libertorum mediam, servorum aliquam, filiorum nullam; adeo difficilis est hominibus utcumque conceptae spei mora", + "en": "One thing, however, demands comment, that toward the proscribed their wives showed the greatest loyalty, their freedmen not a little, their slaves some, their sons none. So hard is it for men to brook delays in the realization of their ambitions, whatever they may be." + }, + { + "id": 16027, + "la": "Ne quid ulli sanctum relinqueretur, velut in dotem invitamentumque sceleris Antonius L Caesarem avunculum, Lepidus Paulum fratrem proscripserant; nec Planco gratia defuit ad impetrandum, ut frater eius Plancus Plotius proscriberetur", + "en": "That no sacred tie might escape inviolate, and, as it were, as an inducement and invitation to such atrocities, Antony had Lucius Caesar, his uncle, placed upon the list, and Lepidus his own brother Paulus. Plancus also had sufficient influence to cause his brother Plancus Plotius to be enrolled among the proscribed." + }, + { + "id": 16028, + "la": "Eoque inter iocos militaris, qui currum Lepidi Plancique secuti erant, inter execrationem civium usurpabant hunc versum: De germanis, non de Gallis duo triumphant consules", + "en": "And so the troops who followed the triumphal car of Lepidus and Plancus kept repeating among the soldiers jests, but amid the execrations of the citizens, the following line: Brothers-german our two consuls triumph over, not the Gauls." + }, + { + "id": 16029, + "la": "Suo praeteritum loco referatur; neque enim persona umbram actae rei capit", + "en": "Let me now relate a matter which I omitted in its proper place, for the person involved does not permit the deed to rest in obscurity." + }, + { + "id": 16030, + "la": "Dum in acie Pharsalica acriter de summa rerum Caesar dimicat, M Caelius, vir eloquio animoque Curioni simillimus, sed in utroque perfectior nec minus ingeniose nequam, cum ne modica quidem solvere ac servari posset (quippe peior illi res familiaris quam mens erat), in praetura novarum tabularum auctor extitit nequiitque senatus et consulis auctoritate deterreri;", + "en": "This person is Marcus Caelius, a man closely resembling Curio in eloquence and in spirit, though more than his peer in either, and quite as clever in his worthlessness. Being quite as bankrupt in property as in character and unable to save himself by paying even a reasonable proportion of his debts, he came forward in his praetorship, at the time when Caesar was fighting for the control of affairs on the field of Pharsalus, as the author of a law for the cancellation of debts, nor could he be deterred from his course by the authority of either the senate or the consul." + }, + { + "id": 16031, + "la": "accito etiam Milone Annio, qui non impetrato reditu Iulianis partibus infestus erat, in urbe seditionem, in agris haud occulte bellicum tumultum movens, primo summotus a re publica, mox consularibus armis auctore senatu circa Thurios oppressus est", + "en": "Calling to his aid Milo Annius,a who was hostile to the Caesarian party because he had failed to secure from them his recall, he stirred up a sedition in the city, and openly raised armed bands in the country. He was first banished from the state and was later overcome at Thurii by the army of the consul, on the order of the senate." + }, + { + "id": 16032, + "la": "In incepto pari similis fortuna Milonis fuit, qui Compsam in Hirpinis oppugnans ictusque lapide cum P Clodio, tum patriae, quam armis petebat, poenas dedit, vir inquies et ultra fortem temerarius", + "en": "A like fortune attended a similar attempt by Milo. While besieging Compsa, a city of the Hirpini, he was struck by a stone, and thus the restless man, too reckless to be called brave, paid the penalty he owed to Publius Clodius and to his country, against which he was bearing arms." + }, + { + "id": 16033, + "la": "Quatenus autem aliquid ex omissis peto, notetur immodica et intempestiva libertate usos adversus C Caesarem Marullum Epidium Flavumque Caesetium tribunos plebis, dum arguunt in eo regni voluntatem, paene vim dominationis expertos", + "en": "While engaged in supplying omissions I should note the intemperate and untimely display of independence shown towards Caesar by Marullus Epidius and Flavus Caesetius, tribunes of the people,b who in charging him with the desire for the kingship, came near feeling the effects of his absolute power." + }, + { + "id": 16034, + "la": "In hoc tamen saepe lacessiti principis ira excessit, ut censoria potius contentus nota quam animadversione dictatoria summoveret eos a re publica testareturque esse sibi miserrimum, quod aut natura sua ei excedendum foret aut minuenda dignitas", + "en": "Though Caesar was constantly provoked by them, the only outcome of his wrath was that he was satisfied to brand them through the employment of his power as censor, and refrained from punishing them as dictator by banishing them from the state; and he expressed his great regret that he had no alternative but to depart from his customary clemency or suffer loss of dignity." + }, + { + "id": 16035, + "la": "Sed ad ordinem revertendum est", + "en": "But I must now return to the regular order of my narrative." + }, + { + "id": 16036, + "la": "Iam et Dolabella in Asia C Trebonium consularem, cui succedebat, fraude deceptum Zmyrnae occiderat, virum adversus merita Caesaris ingratissimum participemque caedis eius, a quo ipse in consulare provectus fastigium fuerat;", + "en": "Meanwhile in Asia, Dolabella, who succeeded Gaius Trebonius as governor, had surprised the latter at Smyrna and put him to death, a man who had showed the basest ingratitude in return for Caesars kindness, and had shared in the murder of him to whom he owed his advancement to the consulship." + }, + { + "id": 16037, + "la": "et C Cassius acceptis a Statio Murco et Crispo Marcio, praetoriis viris imperatoribusque, praevalidis in Syria legionibus, inclusum Dolabellam, qui praeoccupata Asia in Syriam pervenerat, Laodiciae expugnata ea urbe interfecerat (ita tamen, ut ad ictum servi sui Dolabella non segniter cervicem daret) et decem legiones in eo tractu sui iuris fecerat;", + "en": "Dolabella had already occupied Asia and had passed over into Syria when Gaius Cassius, taking over their strong legions from Statius Murcus and Crispus Marcius, both praetorians who had been saluted as imperator by their troops, shut him up in Laodicea and by taking that city had caused his death; for Dolabella had promptly offered his neck to the sword of his own slave. Cassius also gained control of ten legions in that part of the empire." + }, + { + "id": 16038, + "la": "et M Brutus C Antonio, fratri M Antonii, in Macedonia Vatinioque circa Dyrrachium volentis legiones extorserat (sed Antonium bello lacessierat, Vatinium dignatione obruerat, cum et Brutus cuilibet ducum praeferendus videretur et Vatinius nulli non esset postferendus, in quo deformitas corporis cum turpitudine certabat ingenii, adeo ut animus eius dignissimo domicilio inclusus videretur) eratque septem legionibus validus", + "en": "Marcus Brutus had raised his strength to seven legions by wresting their troops, by voluntary transfer of allegiance, from Gaius Antonius, the brother of Marcus Antonius, in Macedonia, and from Vatinius in the vicinity of Dyrrachium. Brutus had been obliged to offer battle to Antony, but Vatinius he had overwhelmed by the weight of his own reputation, since Brutus was preferable to any general, while no man could rank lower than Vatinius, whose deformity of body was rivalled to such an extent by the baseness of his character, that his spirit seemed to be housed in an abode that was thoroughly worthy of it." + }, + { + "id": 16039, + "la": "At lege Pedia, quam consul Pedius collega Caesaris tulerat, omnibus, qui Caesarem patrem interfecerant, aqua ignique interdictum erat", + "en": "By the Pedian law, proposed by Pedius, Caesars colleague in the consulship, a decree of banishment was passed upon all the assassins of Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 16040, + "la": "Quo tempore Capito, patruus meus, vir ordinis senatorii, Agrippae subscripsit in C Cassium", + "en": "At this time Capito, my uncle, a man of senatorial rank, assisted Agrippa in securing the condemnation of Gaius Cassius." + }, + { + "id": 16041, + "la": "Dumque ea in Italia geruntur, acri atque prosperrimo bello Cassius Rhodum, rem inmanis operis, ceperat, Brutus Lycios devicerat, et inde in Macedoniam exercitus traiecerant, cum per omnia repugnans naturae suae Cassius etiam Bruti clementiam vinceret", + "en": "While all this was taking place in Italy, Cassius in a vigorous and successful campaign had taken Rhodes, an undertaking of great difficulty. Brutus had meanwhile conquered the Lycians. The armies of both then crossed into Macedonia, where Cassius, contrary to his nature, uniformly outdid even Brutus in clemency." + }, + { + "id": 16042, + "la": "Neque reperias, quos aut pronior fortuna comitata sit aut veluti fatigata maturius destituerit quam Brutum et Cassium", + "en": "One will hardly find men who were ever attended by a more favourable fortune than Brutus and Cassius, or who were more quickly deserted by her, as though she were weary." + }, + { + "id": 16043, + "la": "Tum Caesar et Antonius traiecerunt exercitus in Macedoniam et apud urbem Philippos cum Bruto Cassioque acie concurrerunt", + "en": "Then Caesar and Antonius transported their armies to Macedonia, and met Brutus and Cassius in battlea near the city of Philippi." + }, + { + "id": 16044, + "la": "Cornu, cui Brutus praeerat, impulsis hostibus castra Caesaris cepit (nam ipse Caesar, etiamsi infirmissimus valetudine erat, obibat munia ducis, oratus etiam ab Artorio medico, ne in castris remaneret, manifesta denuntiatione quietis territo), id autem, in quo Cassius fuerat, fugatum ac male mulcatum in altiora se receperat loca", + "en": "The wing under the command of Brutus, after defeating the enemy, captured Caesars camp; for Caesar was performing his duties as commander although he was in the poorest of health, and had been urged not to remain in camp by Artorius his physician, who had been frightened by a warning which had appeared to him in his sleep. On the other hand, the wing commanded by Cassius had been routed and roughly handled, and had retreated with much loss to higher ground." + }, + { + "id": 16045, + "la": "Tum Cassius ex sua fortuna eventum collegae aestimans, cum dimisisset evocatum iussissetque nuntiare sibi, quae esset multitudo ac vis hominum, quae ad se tenderet, tardius eo nuntiante, cum in vicino esset agmen cursu ad eum tendentium neque pulvere facies aut signa denotari possent, existimans hostes esse, qui irruerent, lacerna caput circumdedit extentamque cervicem interritus liberto praebuit", + "en": "Then Cassius, judging his colleagues success by his own fortune, sent a veteran with instructions to report to him what was the large force of men which was now bearing down in his direction. As the orderly was slow in reporting, and the force approaching at a run was now close, while their identity and their standards could not be recognized for the dust, imagining that the troops rushing on him were those of the enemy, he covered his head with his military cloak and undismayed presented his neck to the sword of his freedman." + }, + { + "id": 16046, + "la": "Deciderat Cassii caput, cum evocatus advenit nuntians Brutum esse victorem", + "en": "The head of Cassius had scarcely fallen when the orderly arrived with the report that Brutus was victorious." + }, + { + "id": 16047, + "la": "Qui cum imperatorem prostratum videret, sequar, inquit, eum, quem mea occidit tarditas, et ita in gladium incubuit", + "en": "But when he saw his commander lying prostrate, he uttered the words, I shall follow him whose death my tardiness has caused, and fell upon his sword." + }, + { + "id": 16048, + "la": "Post paucos deinde dies Brutus conflixit cum hostibus et victus acie cum in tumulum nocte ex fuga se recepisset, impetravit a Stratone Aegeate, familiari suo, ut manum morituro commodaret sibi; reiectoque laevo super caput brachio, cum mucronem gladii eius dextera tenens sinistrae admovisset mammillae ad eum ipsum locum, qua cor emicat, impellens se in vulnus uno ictu transfixus expiravit protinus", + "en": "A few days later Brutus met the enemy, and was beaten in battle. In retreat he withdrew at nightfall to a hill, and there prevailed upon Strato of Aegaeae, one of his household, to lend him his hand in his resolve to die. Raising his left arm above his head, and with his right holding the point of Stratos sword he brought it close to the left nipple, at the place where the heart beats, and throwing himself upon the sword he died at once, transfixed by the stroke." + }, + { + "id": 16049, + "la": "Messalla, fulgentissimus iuvenis, proximus in illis castris Bruti Cassiique auctoritati, cum essent qui eum ducem poscerent, servari beneficio Caesaris maluit quam dubiam spem armorum temptare amplius; nec aut Caesari quidquam ex victoriis suis fuit laetius quam servasse Corvinum aut maius exemplum hominis grati ac pii, quam Corvinus in Caesarem fuit", + "en": "Messalla, a young man of brilliant parts, was next in authority to Brutus and Cassius in their camp. Although there were those who urged him to take command, he preferred to owe his safety to the kindness of Caesar than to try once again the doubtful hope of arms. Caesar, on his side, found no greater pleasure in his victories than in granting life to Corvinus, nor was there ever a better example of loyal gratitude than that shown by Corvinus to Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 16050, + "la": "Non aliud bellum cruentius caede clarissimorum virorum fuit", + "en": "No other war cost the blood of so many illustrious men." + }, + { + "id": 16051, + "la": "Tum Catonis filius cecidit; eadem Lucullum Hortensiumque, eminentissimorum civium filios, fortuna abstulit; nam Varro ad ludibrium moriturus Antonii digna illo ac vera de exitu eius magna cum libertate ominatus est", + "en": "In that battle the son of Cato fell; the same fortune carried off Lucullus and Hortensius, the sons of eminent citizens. Varro, when about to die, in mockery of Antony, with the utmost freedom of speech prophesied for Antony the death he deserved, a prophecy which came true." + }, + { + "id": 16052, + "la": "Drusus Livius, Iuliae Augustae pater, et Varus Quintilius ne temptata quidem hostis misericordia alter se ipse in tabernaculo interemit, Varus autem liberti, quem id facere cogerat, manu, cum se insignibus honorum velasset, iugulatus est", + "en": "Drusus Livius, the father of Julia Augusta, and Quintilius Varus, without making any appeal for mercy, ended their lives. Livius died by his own hand in his tent; Varus first covered himself with the insignia of his offices and then forced his freedman to commit the deed." + }, + { + "id": 16053, + "la": "Hunc exitum M Bruti partium septimum et tricesimum annum agentis fortuna esse voluit, incorrupto animo eius in diem, quae illi omnes virtutes unius temeritate facti abstulit", + "en": "This was the end reserved by fortune for the party of Marcus Brutus. He was in his thirty-seventh year, and had kept his soul free from corruption until this day, which, through the rashness of a single act, bereft him, together with his life, of all his virtuous qualities." + }, + { + "id": 16054, + "la": "Fuit autem dux Cassius melior, quanto vir Brutus: e quibus Brutum amicum habere malles, inimicum magis timeres Cassium; in altero maior vis, in altero virtus: qui si vicissent, quantum rei publicae interfuit Caesarem potius habere quam Antonium principem, tantum retulisset habere Brutum quam Cassium", + "en": "Cassius was as much the better general as Brutus was the better man. Of the two, one would rather have Brutus as a friend, but would stand more in fear of Cassius as an enemy. The one had more vigour, the other more virtue. As it was better for the state to have Caesar rather than Antony as emperor, so, had Brutus and Cassius been the conquerors, it would have been better for it to be ruled by Brutus rather than by Cassius." + }, + { + "id": 16055, + "la": "Cn Domitius, pater L Domitii nuper a nobis visi, eminentissimae ac nobilissimae simplicitatis viri, avus huius Cn Domitii, clarissimi iuvenis, occupatis navibus cum magno sequentium consilia sua comitatu fugae fortunaeque se commisit, semet ipso contentus duce partium", + "en": "Gnaeus Domitius, father of Lucius Domitius our late contemporary,a a man of eminent and noble simplicity, and grandfather of Gnaeus Domitius, a young man of distinction in our own day, seized a number of ships, and relying on himself to lead his party, accompanied by a large number of companions who followed his lead, entrusted himself to the fortunes of flight." + }, + { + "id": 16056, + "la": "Statius Murcus, qui classi et custodiae maris praefuerat, cum omni commissa sibi parte exercitus naviumque Sex Pompeium, Cn Magni filium, qui ex Hispania revertens Siciliam armis occupaverat, petiit", + "en": "Statius Murcus, who had had charge of the fleet and the patrolling of the seas, sought Sextus Pompey, son of Pompey the Great, with that portion of the army and of the fleet which had been entrusted to him, Pompey had returned from Spain and seized Sicily." + }, + { + "id": 16057, + "la": "Ad quem et e Brutianis castris et ex Italia aliisque terrarum partibus, quos praesenti periculo fortuna subduxerat, proscripti confluebant: quippe nullum habentibus statum quilibet dux erat idoneus, cum fortuna non electionem daret, sed perfugium ostenderet exitialemque tempestatem fugientibus statio pro portu foret", + "en": "The proscribed whom fortune had spared, at least from immediate peril, now flocked to him from the camp of Brutus, from Italy, and from other parts of the world. For men who had now no legal status any leader would do, since fortune gave them no choice, but held out a place of refuge, and as they fled from the storm of death any shelter served as a harbour." + }, + { + "id": 16058, + "la": "Hic adulescens erat studiis rudis, sermone barbarus, impetu strenuus, manu promptus, cogitatu celer, fide patri dissimillimus, libertorum suorum libertus servorumque servus, speciosis invidens, ut pareret humillimis", + "en": "Sextus was a young man without education, barbarous in his speech, vigorous in initiative, energetic and prompt in action as he was swift in expedients, in loyalty a marked contrast to his father, the freedman of his own freedmen and slave of his own slaves, envying those in high places only to obey those in the lowest." + }, + { + "id": 16059, + "la": "Quem senatus paene totus adhuc e Pompeianis constans partibus post Antonii a Mutina fugam eodem illo tempore, quo Bruto Cassioque transmarinas provincias decreverat, revocatum ex Hispania, ubi adversus eum clarissimum bellum Pollio Asinius praetorius gesserat, in paterna bona restituerat et orae maritimae praefecerat", + "en": "The senate, which still consisted almost entirely of Pompeians, in the period which followed the flight of Antony from Mutina, and at the very time at which it had assigned to Brutus and Cassius the provinces across the sea, had recalled Sextus from Spain'where Pollio Asinius the praetorian had distinguished himself in his campaigns against him'restored him to his fathers property, and had entrusted to him the guarding of the coast." + }, + { + "id": 16060, + "la": "Is tum, ut praediximus, occupata Sicilia servitia fugitivosque in numerum exercitus sui recipiens magnum modum legionum effecerat perque Menam et Menecraten paternos libertos, praefectos classium, latrociniis ac praedationibus infestato mari ad se exercitumque tuendum rapto utebatur, cum eum non depuderet vindicatum armis ac ductu patris sui mare infestare piraticis sceleribus", + "en": "Seizing Sicily, as we have said, and admitting into his army slaves and runaways, he had raised his legions to their full complement. He supported himself and his army on plunder, and through the agency of Menas and Menecrates, his fathers freedmen, who were in charge of his fleet, he infested the seas by predatory and piratical expeditions; nor was he ashamed thus to infest with piracy and its atrocities the sea which had been freed from it by his fathers arms and leadership." + }, + { + "id": 16061, + "la": "Fractis Brutianis Cassianisque partibus Antonius transmarinas obiturus provincias substitit", + "en": "After the defeat of the party of Brutus and Cassius, Antony remained behind with the intention of visiting the provinces beyond the sea." + }, + { + "id": 16062, + "la": "Caesar in Italiam se recepit eamque longe quam speraverat tumultuosiorem repperit", + "en": "Caesar returned to Italy, which he found in a much more troubled condition than he had expected." + }, + { + "id": 16063, + "la": "Quippe L Antonius consul, vitiorum fratris sui consors, sed virtutum, quae interdum in illo erant, expers, modo apud veteranos criminatus Caesarem, modo eos, qui iussa divisione praediorum nominatisque coloniis agros amiserant, ad arma conciens magnum exercitum conflaverat", + "en": "Lucius Antonius, the consul, who shared the faults of his brother but possessed none of the virtues which he occasionally showed, by making charges against Caesar before the veterans at one moment, and at the next inciting to arms those who had lost their farms when the division of lands was ordered and colonists assigned, had collected a large army." + }, + { + "id": 16064, + "la": "Ex altera parte uxor Antonii Fulvia, nihil muliebre praeter corpus gerens, omnia armis tumultuque miscebat", + "en": "In another quarter Fulvia, the wife of Antony, who had nothing of the woman in her except her sex, was creating general confusion by armed violence." + }, + { + "id": 16065, + "la": "Haec belli sedem Praeneste ceperat; Antonius pulsus undique viribus Caesaris Perusiam se contulerat: Plancus, Antonianarum adiutor partium, spem magis ostenderat auxilii, quam opem ferebat Antonio", + "en": "She had taken Praeneste as her base of operations; Antonius, beaten on all sides by the forces of Caesar, had taken refuge in Perusia; Plancus, who abetted the faction of Antony, offered the hope of assistance, rather than gave actual help." + }, + { + "id": 16066, + "la": "Usus Caesar virtute et fortuna sua Perusiam expugnavit", + "en": "Thanks to his own valour and his usual good fortune, Caesar succeeded in storming Perusia." + }, + { + "id": 16067, + "la": "Antonium inviolatum dimisit, in Perusinos magis ira militum quam voluntate saevitum ducis: urbs incensa, cuius initium incendii princeps eius loci fecit Macedonicus, qui subiecto rebus ac penatibus suis igni transfixum se gladio flammae intulit", + "en": "He released Antonius unharmed; and the cruel treatment of the people of Perusia was due rather to the fury of the soldiery than to the wish of their commander. The city was burned. The fire was begun by Macedonicus, a leading man of the place who, after setting fire to his house and contents, ran himself through with his sword and threw himself into the flames." + }, + { + "id": 16068, + "la": "Per eadem tempora exarserat in Campania bellum, quod professus eorum, qui perdiderant agros, patrocinium ciebat T Claudius Nero praetorius et pontifex, Ti Caesaris pater, magni vir animi doctissimique et ingenii", + "en": "At the same period war broke out in Campania at the instigation of the ex-praetor and pontiff, Tiberius Claudius Nero, father of Tiberius Caesar, and a man of noble character and high intellectual training, who now came forward as the protector of those who had lost their lands." + }, + { + "id": 16069, + "la": "Id quoque adventu Caesaris sepultum atque discussum est", + "en": "This war also was quickly extinguished and its embers scattered by the arrival of Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 16070, + "la": "Quis fortunae mutationes, quis dubios rerum humanarum casus satis mirari queat? Quis non diversa praesentibus contrariaque expectatis aut speret aut timeat? Livia, nobilissimi et fortissimi viri Drusi Claudiani filia, genere, probitate, forma Romanarum eminentissima, quam postea coniugem Augusti vidimus, quam transgressi ad deos sacerdotem ac filiam, tum fugiens mox futuri sui Caesaris arma ac manus bimum hunc Tiberium Caesarem, vindicem Romani imperii futurumque eiusdem Caesaris filium, gestans sinu, per avia itinerum vitatis militum gladiis uno comitante, quo facilius occultaretur fuga, pervenit ad mare et cum viro Nerone pervecta in Siciliam est", + "en": "Who can adequately express his astonishment at the changes of fortune, and the mysterious vicissitudes in human affairs? Who can refrain from hoping for a lot different from that which he now has, or from dreading one that is the opposite of what he expects? Take for example Livia. She, the daughter of the brave and noble Drusus Claudianus, most eminent of Roman women in birth, in sincerity, and in beauty, she, whom we later saw as the wife of Augustus, and as his priestess and daughter after his deification, was then a fugitive before the arms and forces of the very Caesar who was soon to be her husband, carrying in her bosom her infant of two years, the present emperor Tiberius Caesar, destined to be the defender of the Roman empire and the sona of this same Caesar. Pursuing by-paths that she might avoid the swords of the soldiers, and accompanied by but one attendant, so as the more readily to escape detection in her flight, she finally reached the sea, and with her husband Nero made her escape by ship to Sicily." + }, + { + "id": 16071, + "la": "Quod alieno testimonium redderem, eo non fraudabo avum meum", + "en": "I shall not deprive my own grandfather of the honourable mention which I should give to a stranger." + }, + { + "id": 16072, + "la": "Quippe C Velleius, honoratissimo inter illos trecentos et sexaginta iudices loco a Cn Pompeio lectus, eiusdem Marcique Bruti ac Ti Neronis praefectus fabrum, vir nulli secundus, in Campania digressu Neronis a Neapoli, cuius ob singularem cum eo amicitiam partium adiutor fuerat, gravis iam aetate et corpore cum comes esse non posset, gladio se ipse transfixit", + "en": "Gaius Velleius, chosen to a most honourable position among the three hundred and sixty judgesb by Gnaeus Pompey, prefect of engineers under Pompey, Marcus Brutus, and Tiberius Nero, and a man second to none, on the departure from Naples of Nero, whose partisan he had been on account of his close friendship, finding himself unable to accompany him on account of his age and infirmities, ran himself through with his sword in Campania." + }, + { + "id": 16073, + "la": "Inviolatam excedere Italia Caesar passus est Fulviam Plancumque, muliebris fugae comitem", + "en": "Caesar allowed Fulvia to depart from Italy unharmed, and with her Plancus who accompanied the woman in her flight." + }, + { + "id": 16074, + "la": "Nam Pollio Asinius cum septem legionibus, diu retenta in potestate Antonii Venetia, magnis speciosisque rebus circa Altinum aliasque eius regionis urbes editis, Antonium petens, vagum adhuc Domitium, quem digressum e Brutianis castris post caedem", + "en": "As for Pollio Asinius, after he with his seven legions had long kept Venetia under the control of Antony, and after he had accomplished several brilliant exploits in the vicinity of Altinum and other cities of that region, when he was on his way to join Antony with these legions he won Domitius over to the cause of Antony by his counsel and by the pledge of immunity." + }, + { + "id": 16075, + "la": "eius praediximus et propriae classis factum ducem, consiliis suis inlectum ac fide data iunxit Antonio: quo facto, quisquis aequum se praestiterit, sciat non minus a Pollione in Antonium quam ab Antonio in Pollionem esse conlatum", + "en": "Up to this time Domitius, who, as we have already said, had quitted the camp of Brutus after that leaders death and had established himself in command of a fleet of his own, had remained at large. In view of this act of Pollio any fair judge will see that he rendered as great a service to Antony as Antony rendered to him." + }, + { + "id": 16076, + "la": "Adventus deinde in Italiam Antonii apparatusque contra eum Caesaris habuit belli metum, sed pax circa Brundusium composita", + "en": "The return of Antony to Italy and Caesars preparations against him gave rise to fears of war, but a peace was arranged at Brundisium." + }, + { + "id": 16077, + "la": "Per quae tempora Rufi Salvidieni scelesta consilia patefacta sunt", + "en": "It was at this time that the criminal designs of Rufus Salvidienus were revealed." + }, + { + "id": 16078, + "la": "Qui natus obscurissimis initiis parum habebat summa accepisse et proximus a Cn Pompeio ipsoque Caesare equestris ordinis consul creatus esse, nisi in id ascendisset, e quo infra se et Caesarem videret et rem publicam", + "en": "This man, sprung from the most obscure origin, was not satisfied with having received the highest honours in the state, and to have been the first man of equestrian rank after Gnaeus Pompey and Caesarb himself to be elected consul, but aspired to mount to a height where he might see both Caesar and the republic at his feet." + }, + { + "id": 16079, + "la": "Tum expostulante consensu populi, quem gravis urebat infesto mari annona, cum Pompeio quoque circa Misenum pax inita, qui haud absurde, cum in navi Caesaremque et Antonium cena exciperet, dixit in carinis suis se cenam dare, referens hoc dictum ad loci nomen, in quo paterna domus ab Antonio possidebatur", + "en": "Then in response to a unanimous demand on the part of the people, who were now pinched by the high price of grain because the sea was infested by pirates, a peace was arrangedc with Pompey also, in the neighbourhood of Misenum. Pompey entertained Caesar and Antony at dinner on board his ship, on which occasion he remarked, not without point, that he was giving the dinner on his own keels,d thereby recalling the name of the quarter in which stood his fathers house, now in the possession of Antony." + }, + { + "id": 16080, + "la": "In hoc pacis foedere placuit Siciliam Achaiamque Pompeio concedere, in quo tamen animus inquies manere non potuit", + "en": "By the terms of this treaty it was agreed that Sicily and Achaea should be conceded to Pompey, but his restless soul would not let him abide by the agreement." + }, + { + "id": 16081, + "la": "Id unum tantummodo salutare adventu suo patriae attulit, quod omnibus proscriptis aliisque, qui ad eum ex diversis causis fugerant, reditum salutemque pactus est", + "en": "There was only one benefit which he rendered to his country by attending the conference, namely, the stipulation that all those who had been proscribed, or who for any other reason had taken refuge with him, should be granted a safe return." + }, + { + "id": 16082, + "la": "quae res et alios clarissimos viros et Neronem Claudium et M Silanum Sentiumque Saturninum et Arruntium ac Titium restituit rei publicae", + "en": "Among other illustrious men, Nero Claudius, Marcus Silanus, Sentius Saturninus, Arruntius and Titius were thereby restored to the state." + }, + { + "id": 16083, + "la": "Statium autem Murcum, qui adventu suo classisque celeberrimae vires eius duplicaverat, insimulatum falsis criminationibus, quia talem virum collegam officii Mena et Menecrates fastidierant, Pompeius in Sicilia interfecerat", + "en": "As to Statius Murcus, however, who had doubled Pompeys forces by joining him with his strong fleet,a Pompey had already put him to death in Sicily as the result of false accusations which had been brought against him, Menas and Menecrates having expressed a distaste for such a man as their colleague." + }, + { + "id": 16084, + "la": "Hoc tractu temporum Octaviam, sororem Caesaris, M Antonius duxit uxorem", + "en": "It was during this period that Marcus Antonius espoused Octavia, the sister of Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 16085, + "la": "Redierat Pompeius in Siciliam, Antonius in transmarinas provincias, quas magnis momentis Labienus, ex Brutianis castris profectus ad Parthos, perducto eorum exercitu in Syriam interfectoque legato Antonii concusserat; qui virtute et ductu Ventidii una cum Parthorum copiis celeberrimoque iuvenum Pacoro, regis filio, extinctus est", + "en": "Pompey had now returned to Sicily, and Antony to the provinces across the sea, which Labienus had thrown into a panic in consequence of the great movements he had set on foot; for he had gone from the camp of Brutus to the Parthians, had led a Parthian army into Syria, and had slain a lieutenant of Antony. Thanks to the courageous generalship of Ventidius, Labienus perished in the battleb and with him the forces of the Parthians, including the most distinguished of their young men, Pacorus, son of the Parthian king." + }, + { + "id": 16086, + "la": "Caesar per haec tempora, ne res disciplinae inimicissima, otium, corrumperet militem, crebris in Illyrico Delmatiaque expeditionibus patientia periculorum bellique experientia durabat exercitum", + "en": "During this time Caesar, wishing to keep his soldiers from being spoiled by idleness, the great enemy of discipline, was making frequent expeditions in Illyricum and Dalmatia and thus hardening his army by endurance of danger and experience in warfare." + }, + { + "id": 16087, + "la": "Eadem tempestate Calvinus Domitius, cum ex consulatu obtineret Hispaniam, gravissimi comparandique antiquis exempli auctor fuit: quippe primi pili centurionem nomine Vibillium ob turpem ex acie fugam fusti percussit", + "en": "At this time also Calvinus Domitius, who, after filling the consulship, was now governor of Spain, executed a rigorous act of discipline comparable with the severity of the older days, in that he caused a chief centurion by the name of Vibillius to be beaten to deatha for cowardly flight from the line of battle." + }, + { + "id": 16088, + "la": "Crescente in dies et classe et fama Pompei Caesar molem belli eius suscipere statuit", + "en": "As Pompeys fleet was growing daily, and his reputation as well, Caesar resolved to take up the burden of this new war." + }, + { + "id": 16089, + "la": "Aedificandis navibus contrahendoque militi ac remigi navalibusque adsuescendo certaminibus atque exercitationibus praefectus est M Agrippa, virtutis nobilissimae, labore, vigilia, periculo invictus parendique, sed uni, scientissimus, aliis sane imperandi cupidus et per omnia extra dilationes positus consultisque facta coniungens", + "en": "Marcus Agrippa was charged with constructing the ships, collecting soldiers and rowers, and familiarizing them with naval contests and man'uvres. He was a man of distinguished character, unconquerable by toil, loss of sleep or danger, well disciplined in obedience, but to one man alone, yet eager to command others; in whatever he did he knew no such thing as delay, but with him action went hand in hand with conception." + }, + { + "id": 16090, + "la": "Hic in Averno ac Lucrino lacu speciosissima classe fabricata cotidianis exercitationibus militem remigemque ad summam et militaris et maritimae rei perduxit scientiam", + "en": "Building an imposing fleet in lakes Avernus and Lucrinus, by daily drills he brought the soldiers and the oarsmen to a thorough knowledge of fighting on land and at sea." + }, + { + "id": 16091, + "la": "Hac classi Caesar, cum prius despondente ei Nerone, cui ante nupta fuerat Liviam, auspicatis rei publicae ominibus duxisset eam uxorem, Pompeio Siciliaeque bellum intulit", + "en": "With this fleet Caesar made war on Pompey in Sicily,b after he had espoused Livia, who was given to him in marriage by her former husbandc under circumstances which augured well for the state." + }, + { + "id": 16092, + "la": "Sed virum humana ope invictum graviter eo tempore fortuna concussit: quippe longe maiorem partem classis circa Veliam Palinurique promontorium adorta vis Africi laceravit ac distulit", + "en": "But this man, unconquerable by human power, received at this time a heavy blow at the hands of fortune, since the greater part of his fleet was wrecked and scattered in the vicinity of Velia and Cape Palinurus by a violent scirocco." + }, + { + "id": 16093, + "la": "Ea patrando bello mora fuit, quod postea dubia et interdum ancipiti fortuna gestum est", + "en": "This delayed finishing the war, which, however, was subsequently carried on with shifting and sometimes doubtful fortune." + }, + { + "id": 16094, + "la": "Nam et classis eodem loco vexata est tempestate, et ut navali primo proelio apud Mylas ductu Agrippae pugnatum prospere, ita inopinato Pompeianae classis adventu gravis sub ipsius Caesaris oculis circa Tauromenium accepta clades; neque ab ipso periculum abfuit", + "en": "For Caesars fleet was again buffeted by a storm in the same locality, and although the issue was favourable in the first naval battle, at Mylae, under the leadership of Agrippa, a serious defeat was received near Tauromenium beneath the very eyes of Caesar, in consequence of the unexpected arrival of Pompeys fleet, and Caesars own person was endangered." + }, + { + "id": 16095, + "la": "Legiones, quae cum Cornificio erant, legato Caesaris, expositae in terram paene a Pompeio oppressae sunt", + "en": "The legions which were with Cornificius, Caesars lieutenant, came near being crushed by Pompey as soon as they landed." + }, + { + "id": 16096, + "la": "Sed ancipitis fortuna temporis mature virtute correcta: explicatis quippe utriusque partis classibus paene omnibus exutus navibus Pompeius Asiam fuga petivit iussuque M Antonii, cuius opem petierat, dum inter ducem et supplicem tumultuatur et nunc dignitatem retinet, nunc vitam precatur, a Titio iugulatus est", + "en": "But fortunes caprice at this critical period was soon amended by bravery in action; when the fleets on both sides had been drawn up for battle,a Pompey lost almost all his ships, and fled to Asia, where, wavering between the role of general and suppliant, now endeavouring to retain his dignity and now pleading for his life, he was slain by Titius on the orders of Marcus Antonius, whose aid he had sought." + }, + { + "id": 16097, + "la": "Cui in tantum duravit hoc facinore contractum odium, ut mox ludos in theatro Pompei faciens execratione populi spectaculo, quod praebebat, pelleretur", + "en": "The hatred which Titius brought upon himself by this act lasted for a long time; indeed, afterwards, when he was celebrating games in Pompeys theatre, he was driven amid the execrations of the people from the spectacle which he himself was giving." + }, + { + "id": 16098, + "la": "Acciverat gerens contra Pompeium bellum ex Africa Caesar Lepidum cum duodecim semiplenis legionibus", + "en": "While engaged in his war with Pompey, Caesar had summoned Lepidus from Africa with twelve legions of half the usual strength." + }, + { + "id": 16099, + "la": "Hic vir omnium vanissimus neque ulla virtute tam longam fortunae indulgentiam meritus exercitum Pompei, quia propior fuerat, sequentem non ipsius, sed Caesaris auctoritatem ac fidem, sibi iunxerat inflatusque amplius viginti legionum numero in id furoris processerat, ut inutilis alienae victoriae comes, quam diu moratus erat, dissidendo in consiliis Caesari et semper diversa iis, quae aliis placebant, dicendo, totam victoriam ut suam interpretabatur audebatque denuntiare Caesari, excederet Sicilia", + "en": "This man, the most fickle of mankind, who had not earned the long-continued kindness of fortune through any qualities of his own, being nearer to the army of Pompey, annexed it to his own, though it was following not his orders but Caesars, and owned loyalty to him. His numbers now swollen to twenty legions, he went to such lengths of madness that, though but a useless partner in anothers victory, a victory which he had long delayed by refusing to agree to Caesars plans and always insisting upon something different from that which suited others, he claimed the victory as entirely his own and had the effrontery to order Caesar out of Sicily." + }, + { + "id": 16100, + "la": "Non ab Scipionibus aliisque veteribus Romanorum ducum quidquam ausum patratumque fortius quam tunc a Caesare", + "en": "The Scipios and the other Roman generals of the olden time never dared or carried out a braver act than did Caesar at this juncture." + }, + { + "id": 16101, + "la": "Quippe cum inermis et lacernatus esset, praeter nomen nihil trahens, ingressus castra Lepidi, evitatis telis, quae iussu hominis pravissimi in eum iacta erant, cum lacerna eius perforata esset lancea, aquilam legionis rapere ausus est", + "en": "For although he was unarmed and dressed in his travelling cloak, carrying nothing except his name, he entered the camp of Lepidus, and, avoiding the weapons which were hurled at him by the orders of that scoundrel, though his cloak was pierced by a lance, he had the courage to carry off the eagle of a legion." + }, + { + "id": 16102, + "la": "Scires, quid interesset inter duces: armati inermem secuti sunt decimoque anno quam ad indignissimam vita sua potentiam pervenerat, Lepidus et a militibus et a fortuna desertus pulloque velatus amiculo inter ultimam confluentium ad Caesarem turbam latens genibus eius advolutus est", + "en": "Then could one know the difference between the two commanders. Though armed, the soldiers followed Caesar who was unarmed, while Lepidus, in the tenth year after arriving at a position of power which his life had done nothing to deserve, now deserted both by his soldiers and by fortune, wrapping himself in a dark cloak and lurking in the rear of the crowd that thronged to Caesar, thus threw himself at Caesars feet." + }, + { + "id": 16103, + "la": "Vita rerumque suarum dominium concessa ei sunt, spoliata, quam tueri non poterat, dignitas", + "en": "He was granted his life and the control of his own property, but was shorn of the high position which he had shown himself unable to maintain." + }, + { + "id": 16104, + "la": "Subita deinde exercitus seditio, qui plerumque contemplatus frequentiam suam a disciplina desciscit et, quod cogere se putat posse, rogare non sustinet, partim severitate, partim liberalitate discussa principis, speciosumque per idem tempus adiectum supplementum Campanae coloniae eius relicti erant publici", + "en": "There followed a sudden mutiny of the army; for it happens not infrequently that when soldiers observe their own numbers they break discipline and do not endure to ask for what they think they can exact. The mutiny was broken up partly by severity, partly by liberality on the part of the emperor,a and considerable additions were at the same time made to the Campanian colony by placing veterans on the lands of that colony which had been left public." + }, + { + "id": 16105, + "la": "pro his longe uberiores reditus duodecies sestertium in Creta insula redditi et aqua promissa, quae hodieque singulare et salubritatis instrumentum et amoenitatis ornamentum est", + "en": "Lands in Cretea were given in return for these, which yielded a richer revenue of a million two hundred thousand sesterces,b and an aqueduct was promised which is to-day a remarkable agency of health as well as an ornament to the landscape." + }, + { + "id": 16106, + "la": "Insigne coronae classicae, quo nemo umquam Romanorum donatus erat, hoc bello Agrippa singulari virtute meruit", + "en": "In this war Agrippa by his remarkable services earned the distinction of a naval crown,c with which no Roman had as yet been decorated." + }, + { + "id": 16107, + "la": "Victor deinde Caesar reversus in urbem contractas emptionibus complures domos per procuratores, quo laxior fieret ipsius, publicis se usibus destinare professus est, templumque Apollinis et circa porticus facturum promisit, quod ab eo singulari exstructum munificentia est", + "en": "Caesar, on his victorious return to the city, made the announcement that he meant to set apart for public use certain houses which he had secured by purchase through his agents in order that there might be a free area about his own residence. He further promised to build a temple of Apollo with a portico about it, a work which he constructed with rare munificence." + }, + { + "id": 16108, + "la": "Qua aestate Caesar tam prospere sepelivit in Sicilia bellum, fortuna, in Caesare et in re publica mitis, saeviit ad Orientem", + "en": "In the summer in which Caesar so successfully ended the war in Sicily, fortune, though kind in the case of Caesar and the republic, vented her anger in the east." + }, + { + "id": 16109, + "la": "Quippe Antonius cum tredecim legionibus egressus Armeniam ac deinde Mediam et per eas regiones Parthos petens habuit regem eorum obvium", + "en": "For Antony with thirteen legions after passing through Armenia and then through Media, in an endeavour to reach Parthia by this route, found himself confronted by their king." + }, + { + "id": 16110, + "la": "Primoque duas legiones cum omnibus impedimentis tormentisque et Statiano legato amisit, mox saepius ipse cum summo totius exercitus discrimine ea adiit pericula, a quibus servari se posse desperaret, amissaque non minus", + "en": "First of all he lost two legions with all their baggage and engines, and Statianus his lieutenant; later he himself with the greatest risk to his entire army, on several occasions encountered perils from which he dared not hope that escape was possible." + }, + { + "id": 16111, + "la": "quarta parte militum captivi cuiusdam, sed Romani, consilio ac fide servatus est, qui clade Crassiani exercitus captus, cum fortuna non animum mutasset, accessit nocte ad stationem Romanam praedixitque, ne destinatum iter peterent, sed diverso silvestrique pervaderent", + "en": "After losing not less than a fourth part of his soldiers, he was saved through the fidelity and by the suggestion of a captive, who was nevertheless a Roman. This man had been made prisoner in the disaster to the army of Crassus, but had not changed his allegiance with his fortune. He came by night to a Roman outpost and warned them not to pursue their intended course but to proceed by a detour through the forest." + }, + { + "id": 16112, + "la": "Hoc M Antonio ac tot illis legionibus saluti fuit; de quibus tamen totoque exercitu haud minus pars quarta, ut praediximus, militum, calonum servitiique desiderata tertia est; impedimentorum vix ulla superfuit", + "en": "It was this that saved Marcus Antonius and his many legions; and yet, even so, not less than a fourth part of these soldiers and of his entire army was lost, as we have already stated, and of the camp-followers and slaves a third, while hardly anything of the baggage was saved." + }, + { + "id": 16113, + "la": "Hanc tamen Antonius fugam suam, quia vivus exierat, victoriam vocabat", + "en": "Yet Antonius called this flight of his a victory, because he had escaped with his life!" + }, + { + "id": 16114, + "la": "Qui tertia aestate reversus in Armeniam regem eius Artavasden fraude deceptum catenis, sed, ne quid honori deesset, aureis vinxit", + "en": "Three summers latera he returned to Armenia, obtained possession of the person of Artavasdes its king by deceit, and bound him with chains, which, however, out of regard for the station of his captive, were of gold." + }, + { + "id": 16115, + "la": "Crescente deinde et amoris in Cleopatram incendio et vitiorum, quae semper facultatibus licentiaque et adsentationibus aluntur, magnitudine, bellum patriae inferre constituit, cum ante novum se Liberum Patrem appellari iussisset, cum redimitus hederis crocotaque velatus aurea et thyrsum tenens cothurnisque succinctus curru velut Liber Pater vectus esset Alexandriae", + "en": "Then as his love for Cleopatra became more ardent and his vices grew upon him'for these are always nourished by power and licence and flattery'he resolved to make war upon his country. He had previously given orders that he should be called the new Father Liber, and indeed in a procession at Alexandria he had impersonated Father Liber, his head bound with the ivy wreath, his person enveloped in the saffron robe of gold, holding in his hand the thyrsus, wearing the buskins, and riding in the Bacchic chariot." + }, + { + "id": 16116, + "la": "Inter hunc apparatum belli Plancus, non iudicio recta legendi neque amore rei publicae aut Caesaris, quippe haec semper impugnabat, sed morbo proditor, cum fuisset humillimus adsentator reginae et infra servos cliens, cum Antonii librarius, cum obscenissimarum rerum et auctor et minister, cum in omnia et omnibus venalis, cum caeruleatus et nudus caputque redimitus arundine et caudam trahens, genibus innixus Glaucum saltasset in convivio, refrigeratus ab Antonio ob manifestarum rapinarum indicia transfugit ad Caesarem", + "en": "In the midst of these preparations for war Plancus went over to Caesar, not through any conviction that he was choosing the right, nor from any love of the republic or of Caesar, for he was always hostile to both, but because treachery was a disease with him. He had been the most grovelling flatterer of the queen, a clienta with less self-respect than a slave; he had also been secretary to Antony and was the author or the abettor of his vilest acts; for money he was ready to do all things for all men; and at a banquet he had played the role of Glaucus the Nereid, performing a dance in which his naked body was painted blue, his head encircled with reeds, at the same time wearing a fishs tail and crawling upon his knees. Now, inasmuch as he had been coldly treated by Antony because of unmistakable evidence of his venal rapacity, he deserted to Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 16117, + "la": "Et idem postea clementiam victoris pro sua virtute interpretabatur, dictitans id probatum a Caesare, cui ille ignoverat; mox autem hunc avunculum Titius imitatus est", + "en": "Afterwards he even went so far as to interpret the victors clemency as a proof of his own merit, claiming that Caesar had approved that which he had merely pardoned. It was the example of this man, his uncle, that Titius soon afterwards followed." + }, + { + "id": 16118, + "la": "Haud absurde Coponius, vir e praetoriis gravissimus, P Silii socer, cum recens transfuga multa ac nefanda Plancus absenti Antonio in senatu obiceret, multa, inquit, mehercules fecit Antonius pridie quam tu illum relinqueres", + "en": "The retort of Coponius, who was the father-in-law of Publius Silius and a dignified praetorian, was not so far from the mark when he said, as Plancus in the senate fresh from his desertion was heaping upon the absent Antony many unspeakable charges, By Hercules, Antony must have done a great many things before you left him. LXXXIV." + }, + { + "id": 16119, + "la": "Caesare deinde et Messala Corvino consulibus debellatum apud Actium, ubi longe ante quam dimicaretur exploratissima Iulianarum partium fuit victoria", + "en": "Then, in the consulship of Caesar and Messala Corvinus,c the decisive battle took place at Actium. The victory of the Caesarian party was a certainty long before the battle." + }, + { + "id": 16120, + "la": "Vigebat in hac parte miles atque imperator, in illa marcebant omnia; hinc remiges firmissimi, illinc inopia adfectissimi; navium haec magnitudo modica nec celeritati adversa, illa specie terribilior; hinc ad Antonium nemo, illinc ad Caesarem cotidie aliquis transfugiebat; rex Amyntas meliora et utiliora secutus; nam Dellius exempli sui tenax ut a Dolabella ad Cassium, a Cassio ad Antonium, ita ab Antonio transiit ad Caesarem; virque clarissimus Cn Domitius, qui solus Antonianarum partium numquam reginam nisi nomine salutavit, maximo et praecipiti periculo transmisit ad Caesarem", + "en": "On the one side commander and soldiers alike were full of ardour, on the other was general dejection; on the one side the rowers were strong and sturdy, on the othe weakened by privations; on the one side ships of moderate size, not too large for speed, on the other vessels of a size that made them more formidable in appearance only; no one was deserting from Caesar to Antony, while from Antony to Caesar someone or other was deserting daily; and King Amyntas had embraced the better and more advantageous side. As for Dellius, consistent to his habit, he now went over from Antony to Caesar as he had deserted from Dolabella to Cassius and from Cassius to Antony. The illustrious Gnaeus Domitius, who was the only one of the party of Antony who refused to salute the queen except by name, went over to Caesar at great and imminent risk to himself." + }, + { + "id": 16121, + "la": "Denique in ore atque oculis Antonianae classis per M Agrippam Leucas expugnata, Patrae captae, Corinthus occupata, bis ante ultimum discrimen classis hostium superata", + "en": "Finally, before the eyes of Antony and his fleet, Marcus Agrippa had stormed Leucas, had captured Patrae, had seized Corinth, and before the final conflict had twice defeated the fleet of the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 16122, + "la": "Advenit deinde maximi discriminis dies, quo Caesar Antoniusque productis classibus pro salute alter, in ruinam alter terrarum orbis dimicavere", + "en": "Then came the day of the great conflict, on which Caesar and Antony led out their fleets and fought, the one for the safety, the other for the ruin, of the world." + }, + { + "id": 16123, + "la": "Dextrum navium Iulianarum cornu M Lurio commissum, laevum Arruntio, Agrippae omne classici certaminis arbitrium; Caesar ei parti destinatus, in quam a fortuna vocaretur, ubique aderat", + "en": "The command of the right wing of Caesars fleet was entrusted to Marcus Lurius, of the left to Arruntius, while Agrippa had full charge of the entire conflict at sea. Caesar, reserving himself for that part of the battle to which fortune might summon him, was present everywhere." + }, + { + "id": 16124, + "la": "Classis Antonii regimen Publicolae Sosioque commissum", + "en": "The command of Antonys fleet was entrusted to Publicola and Sosius." + }, + { + "id": 16125, + "la": "At in terra locatum exercitum Taurus Caesaris, Antonii regebat Canidius", + "en": "On the land, moreover, the army of Caesar was commanded by Taurus, that of Antony by Canidius." + }, + { + "id": 16126, + "la": "Ubi initum certamen est, omnia in altera parte fuere, dux, remiges, milites, in altera nihil praeter milites", + "en": "When the conflict began, on the one side was everything'commander, rowers, and soldiers; on the other, soldiers alone." + }, + { + "id": 16127, + "la": "Prima occupat fugam Cleopatra", + "en": "Cleopatra took the initiative in the flight;" + }, + { + "id": 16128, + "la": "Antonius fugientis reginae quam pugnantis militis sui comes esse maluit, et imperator, qui in desertores saevire debuerat, desertor exercitus sui factus est", + "en": "Antony chose to be the companion of the fleeing queen rather than of his fighting soldiers, and the commander whose duty it would have been to deal severely with deserters, now became a deserter from his own army." + }, + { + "id": 16129, + "la": "Illis etiam detracto capite in longum fortissime pugnandi duravit constantia et desperata victoria in mortem dimicabatur", + "en": "Even without their chief his men long continued to fight bravely, and despairing of victory they fought to the death." + }, + { + "id": 16130, + "la": "Caesar, quos ferro poterat interimere, verbis mulcere cupiens clamitansque et ostendens fugisse Antonium, quaerebat, pro quo et cum quo pugnarent", + "en": "Caesar, desiring to win over by words those whom he might have slain with the sword, kept shouting and pointing out to them that Antony had fled, and kept asking them for whom and with whom they were fighting." + }, + { + "id": 16131, + "la": "At illi cum diu pro absente dimicassent duce, aegre summissis armis cessere victoriam, citiusque vitam veniamque Caesar promisit, quam illis ut eam precarentur persuasum est; fuitque in confesso milites optimi imperatoris, imperatorem fugacissimi militis functum officio, ut dubites, suone an Cleopatrae arbitrio victoriam temperaturus fuerit, qui ad eius arbitrium direxerit fugam", + "en": "But they, after fighting long for their truant commander, reluctantly surrendered their arms and yielded the victory, Caesar having promised them pardon and their lives before they could bring themselves to sue for them. It was evident that the soldiers had played the part of the good commander while the commander had played that of the cowardly soldier, so that one might question whether in case of victory he would have acted according to Cleopatras will or his own, since it was by her will that he had resorted to flight." + }, + { + "id": 16132, + "la": "Idem locatus in terra fecit exercitus, cum se Canidius praecipiti fuga rapuisset ad Antonium", + "en": "The land army likewise surrendered when Canidius had hurried after Antony in precipitate flight." + }, + { + "id": 16133, + "la": "Quid ille dies terrarum orbi praestiterit, ex quo in quem statum pervenerit fortuna publica, quis in hoc transcursu tam artati operis exprimere audeat? Victoria vero fuit clementissima, nec quisquam interemptus est, paucissimi summoti, qui ne deprecari quidem pro se sustinerent", + "en": "Who is there who, in the compass of so brief a work, would attempt to state what blessings this day conferred upon the world, or to describe the change which took place in the fortunes of the state? Great clemency was shown in the victory; no one was put to death, and but few banished who could not bring themselves even to become suppliants." + }, + { + "id": 16134, + "la": "Ex qua lenitate ducis colligi potuit, quem aut initio triumviratus sui aut in campis Philippiis, si ei licuisset, victoriae suae facturus fuerit modum", + "en": "From this display of mercy on the part of the commander it may be inferred how moderate a use Caesar would have made of his victory, had he been allowed to do so, whether at the beginning of his triumvirate or on the plain of Philippi." + }, + { + "id": 16135, + "la": "At Sosium L Arruntii prisca gravitate celeberrimi fides, mox, diu cum clementia luctatus sua, Caesar servavit incolumem", + "en": "But, in the case of Sosius, it was the pledged word of Lucius Arruntius, a man famous for his old-time dignity, that saved him; later, Caesar preserved him unharmed, but only after long resisting his general inclination to clemency." + }, + { + "id": 16136, + "la": "Non praetereatur Asinii Pollionis factum et dictum memorabile: namque cum se post Brundusinam pacem continuisset in Italia neque aut vidisset umquam reginam aut post enervatum amore eius Antonii animum partibus eius se miscuisset, rogante Caesare, ut secum ad bellum proficisceretur Actiacum: mea, inquit, in Antonium maiora merita sunt, illius in me beneficia notiora; itaque discrimini vestro me subtraham et ero praeda victoris", + "en": "The remarkable conduct of Asinius Pollio should not be passed by nor the words which he uttered. For although he had remained in Italy after the peace of Brundisium, and had never seen the queen nor taken any active part in Antonys faction after this leader had become demoralized by his passion for her, when Caesar asked him to go with him to the war at Actium he replied: My services to Antony are too great, and his kindness to me too well known; accordingly I shall hold aloof from your quarrel and shall be the prize of the victor." + }, + { + "id": 16137, + "la": "Proximo deinde anno persecutus reginam Antoniumque Alexandream, ultimam bellis civilibus imposuit manum", + "en": "The following year Caesar followed Cleopatra and Antony to Alexandria and there put the finishing touch upon the civil wars." + }, + { + "id": 16138, + "la": "Antonius se ipse non segniter interemit, adeo ut multa desidiae crimina morte redimeret", + "en": "Antony promptly ended his life, thus by his death redeeming himself from the many charges of lack of manhood." + }, + { + "id": 16139, + "la": "At Cleopatra frustratis custodibus inlata aspide in morsu et sanie eius expers muliebris metus spiritum reddidit", + "en": "As for Cleopatra, baffling the vigilance of her guards she caused an asp to be smuggled in to her, and ended her life by its venomous sting untouched by a womans fears." + }, + { + "id": 16140, + "la": "Fuitque et fortuna et clementia Caesaris dignum, quod nemo ex iis, qui contra eum arma tulerant, ab eo iussuve eius interemptus est", + "en": "It was in keeping with Caesars fortune and his clemency that not one of those who had borne arms against him was put to death by him, or by his order." + }, + { + "id": 16141, + "la": "D Brutum Antonii interemit crudelitas", + "en": "It was the cruelty of Antony that ended the life of Decimus Brutus." + }, + { + "id": 16142, + "la": "Sextum Pompeium ab eo devictum idem Antonius, cum dignitatis quoque servandae dedisset fidem, etiam spiritu privavit", + "en": "In the case of Sextus Pompey, though Caesar was his conqueror, it was likewise Antony who deprived him of his life, even though he had given his word that he would not degrade him from his rank." + }, + { + "id": 16143, + "la": "Brutus et Cassius ante, quam victorum experirentur animum, voluntaria morte obierunt", + "en": "Brutus and Cassius, without waiting to discover the attitude of their conquerors, died voluntary deaths." + }, + { + "id": 16144, + "la": "Antonii Cleopatraeque quis fuisset exitus narravimus", + "en": "Of the end of Antony and Cleopatra we have already told." + }, + { + "id": 16145, + "la": "Canidius timidius decessit, quam professioni ei, qua semper usus erat, congruebat", + "en": "As for Canidius, he showed more fear in the face of death than was consistent with his lifelong utterances." + }, + { + "id": 16146, + "la": "Ultimus autem ex interfectoribus Caesaris Parmensis Cassius morte poenas dedit, ut dederat Trebonius primus", + "en": "The last of Caesars assassins to pay the penalty of death was Cassius of Parma, as Trebonius had been the first." + }, + { + "id": 16147, + "la": "Dum ultimam bello Actiaco Alexandrinoque Caesar imponit manum, M Lepidus, iuvenis forma quam mente melior, Lepidi eius, qui triumvir fuerat rei publicae constituendae, filius, Iunia Bruti sorore natus, interficiendi, simul in urbem revertisset, Caesaris consilia inierat", + "en": "While Caesar was engaged in giving the finishing touch to the war at Actium and Alexandria, Marcus Lepidus, a young man whose good looks exceeded his prudence'son of the Lepidus who had been one of the triumvirsb for the re-establishment of order in the state and of Junia the sister of Brutus'had formed plans for the assassination of Caesar as soon as he should return to the city." + }, + { + "id": 16148, + "la": "Erat tunc urbis custodiis praepositus C Maecenas equestri, sed splendido genere natus, vir, ubi res vigiliam exigeret, sane exsomnis, providens atque agendi sciens, simul vero aliquid ex negotio remitti posset, otio ac mollitiis paene ultra feminam fluens, non minus Agrippa Caesari carus, sed minus honoratus'quippe vixit angusti clavi plene contentus', nec minora consequi potuit, sed non tam concupivit", + "en": "The guards of the city were at that time under the charge of Gaius Maecenas, of equestrian rank, but none the less of illustrious lineage, a man who was literally sleepless when occasion demanded, and quick to foresee what was to be done and skilful in doing it, but when any relaxation was allowed him from business cares would almost outdo a woman in giving himself up to indolence and soft luxury. He was not less loved by Caesar than Agrippa, though he had fewer honours heaped upon him, since he lived thoroughly content with the narrow stripe of the equestrian order. He might have achieved a position no less high than Agrippa, but had not the same ambition for it." + }, + { + "id": 16149, + "la": "Hic speculatus est per summam quietem ac dissimulationem praecipitis consilia iuvenis et mira celeritate nullaque cum perturbatione aut rerum aut hominum oppresso Lepido inmane novi ac resurrecturi belli civilis restinxit initium", + "en": "Quietly and carefully concealing his activity he unearthed the plans of the hot-headed youth, and by crushing Lepidus with wonderful swiftness and without causing disturbance to either men or things he extinguished the portentous beginnings of a new and reviving civil war." + }, + { + "id": 16150, + "la": "Et ille quidem male consultorum poenas exsolvit", + "en": "Lepidus himself paid the penalty for his ill-advised plot." + }, + { + "id": 16151, + "la": "Aequetur praedictae iam Antistii Servilia Lepidi uxor, quae vivo igni devorato praematura morte immortalem nominis sui pensavit memoriam", + "en": "Servilia his wife must be placed on a parity with the wife of Antistius already mentioned,a for by swallowing live coals she compensated for her untimely death by the lasting memory of her name." + }, + { + "id": 16152, + "la": "Caesar autem reversus in Italiam atque urbem quo occursu, quo favore hominum omnium generum, aetatium, ordinum exceptus sit, quae magnificentia triumphorum eius, quae fuerit munerum, ne in operis quidem iusti materia, nedum huius tam recisi digne exprimi potest", + "en": "As for Caesars return to Italy and to Rome'the procession which met him, the enthusiasm of his reception by men of all classes, ages, and ranks, and the magnificence of his triumphs and of the spectacles which he gave'all this it would be impossible adequately to describe even within the compass of a formal history, to say nothing of a work so circumscribed as this." + }, + { + "id": 16153, + "la": "Nihil deinde optare a dis homines, nihil dii hominibus praestare possunt, nihil voto concipi, nihil felicitate consummari, quod non Augustus post reditum in urbem rei publicae populoque Romano terrarumque orbi repraesentaverit", + "en": "There is nothing that man can desire from the gods, nothing that the gods can grant to a man, nothing that wish can conceive or good fortune bring to pass, which Augustus on his return to the city did not bestow upon the republic, the Roman people, and the world." + }, + { + "id": 16154, + "la": "Finita vicesimo anno bella civilia, sepulta externa, revocata pax, sopitus ubique armorum furor, restituta vis legibus, iudiciis auctoritas, senatui maiestas, imperium magistratuum ad pristinum redactum modum, tantummodo octo praetoribus adlecti duo", + "en": "The civil wars were ended after twenty years, foreign wars suppressed, peace restored, the frenzy of arms everywhere lulled to rest; validity was restored to the laws, authority to the courts, and dignity to the senate; the power of the magistrates was reduced to its former limits, with the sole exception that two were added to the eight existing praetors." + }, + { + "id": 16155, + "la": "Prisca illa et antiqua rei publicae forma revocata", + "en": "The old traditional form of the republic was restored." + }, + { + "id": 16156, + "la": "Rediit cultus agris, sacris honos, securitas hominibus, certa cuique rerum suarum possessio; leges emendatae utiliter, latae salubriter; senatus sine asperitate nec sine severitate lectus", + "en": "Agriculture returned to the fields, respect to religion, to mankind freedom from anxiety, and to each citizen his property rights were now assured; old laws were usefully emended, and new laws passed for the general good; the revision of the senate, while not too drastic, was not lacking in severity." + }, + { + "id": 16157, + "la": "Principes viri triumphisque et amplissimis honoribus functi adhortatu principis ad ornandam urbem inlecti sunt", + "en": "The chief men of the state who had won triumphs and had held high office were at the invitation of Augustus induced to adorn the city." + }, + { + "id": 16158, + "la": "Consulatus tantummodo usque ad undecimum quin continuaret Caesar, cum saepe obnitens repugnasset, impetrare non potuit: nam dictaturam quam pertinaciter ei deferebat populus, tam constanter repulit", + "en": "In the case of the consulship only, Caesar was not able to have his way, but was obliged to hold that office consecutively until the eleventh time in spite of his frequent efforts to prevent it; but the dictatorship which the people persistently offered him, he as stubbornly refused." + }, + { + "id": 16159, + "la": "Bella sub imperatore gesta pacatusque victoriis terrarum orbis et tot extra Italiam domique opera omne aevi sui spatium impensurum in id solum opus scriptorem fatigarent3: nos memores professionis universam imaginem principatus eius oculis animisque subiecimus", + "en": "To tell of the wars waged under his command, of the pacification of the world by his victories, of his many works at home and outside of Italy would weary a writer intending to devote his whole life to this one task. As for myself, remembering the proposed scope of my work, I have confined myself to setting before the eyes and minds of my readers a general picture of his principate." + }, + { + "id": 16160, + "la": "Sepultis, ut praediximus, bellis civilibus coalescentibusque rei publicae membris, et coaluere quae tam longa armorum series laceraverat", + "en": "When the civil wars had been extinguished, as we have already told, and the rent limbs of the state itself began to heal, the provinces, also, torn asunder by the long series of wars began to knit together." + }, + { + "id": 16161, + "la": "Dalmatia, annos viginti et ducentos rebellis, ad certam confessionem pacata est imperii", + "en": "Dalmatia, in rebellion for one hundred and twenty years, was pacified to the extent of definitely recognizing the sovereignty of Rome." + }, + { + "id": 16162, + "la": "Alpes feris incultisque nationibus celebres perdomitae", + "en": "The Alps, filled with wild and barbarous tribes, were subdued." + }, + { + "id": 16163, + "la": "Hispaniae nunc ipsius praesentia, nunc Agrippae, quem usque in tertium consulatum et mox collegium tribuniciae potestatis amicitia principis evexerat, multo varioque Marte pacatae", + "en": "The provinces of Spain were pacified after heavy campaigns conducted with varied success now by Caesar in person, now by Agrippa, whom the friendship of the emperor had raised to a third consulship and soon afterwards to a share in the emperors tribunician power." + }, + { + "id": 16164, + "la": "In quas provincias cum initio Scipione et Sempronio Longo consulibus primo anno secundi belli Punici abhinc annos quinquaginta et ducentos Romani exercitus missi essent duce Cn Scipione, Africani patruo, per annos ducentos in iis multo mutuoque ita certatum est sanguine, ut amissis populi Romani imperatoribus exercitibusque saepe contumelia, nonnumquam etiam periculum Romano inferretur imperio", + "en": "Roman armies had been sent into these provinces for the first time in the consulship of Scipio and Sempronius Longus, in the first year of the Second Punic war, two hundred and fifty years ago, under the command of Gnaeus Scipio, the uncle of Africanus. For a period of two hundred years the struggle was kept up with so much bloodshed on both sides that the Roman people, by the loss of its commanders and armies, often suffered disgrace, and sometimes its empire was really endangered." + }, + { + "id": 16165, + "la": "Illae enim provinciae Scipiones consumpserunt; illae contumelioso decem annorum bello sub duce Viriatho maiores nostros exercuerunt; illae terrore Numantini belli populum Romanum concusserunt; in illis turpe Q Pompei foedus turpiusque Mancini senatus cum ignominia dediti imperatoris rescidit; illa tot consulares, tot praetorios absumpsit duces, patrumque aetate in tantum Sertorium armis extulit, ut per quinquennium diiudicari non potuerit, Hispanis Romanisne in armis plus esset roboris et uter populus alteri pariturus foret", + "en": "These, namely, were the provinces that brought death to the Scipios; that taxed the endurance of our ancestors in the disgraceful ten years war under Viriathus; that shook the Roman people with the panic of the Numantine war; here occurred the disgraceful surrender of Quintus Pompeius, whose terms the senate disavowed, and the more shameful capitulation of Mancinus, which was also disavowed, and its maker ignominiously handed over to the enemy; it was Spain that destroyed so many commanders who were consulars or praetorians, and which in the days of our fathers raised Sertorius to such a height of power that for a period of five years it was not possible to decide whether there was greater strength in the arms of the Spaniard or the Roman, and which of the two peoples was destined to obey the other." + }, + { + "id": 16166, + "la": "Has igitur provincias tam diffusas, tam frequentis, tam feras ad eam pacem abhinc annos ferme quinquaginta perduxit Caesar Augustus, ut quae maximis bellis numquam vacaverant, eae sub C Antistio ac deinde P Silio legato ceterisque postea etiam latrociniis vacarent", + "en": "These, then, were the provinces, so extensive, so populous, and so warlike, which Caesar Augustus, about fifty years ago, brought to such a condition of peace, that whereas they had never before been free from serious wars, they were now, under the governorship of Gaius Antistius and then of Publius Silius and of their successors, exempt even from brigandage." + }, + { + "id": 16167, + "la": "Dum pacatur occidens, ab oriente ac rege Parthorum signa Romana, quae Crasso oppresso Orodes, quae Antonio pulso filius eius Phraates ceperant, Augusto remissa sunt", + "en": "While the pacification of the west was going on, in the east the Parthian king restored to Augustus the Roman standards which Orodes had taken at the time of Crassus disaster,a and those which his son Phraates had captured on the defeat of Antony." + }, + { + "id": 16168, + "la": "Quod cognomen illi iure Planci sententia consensus universi senatus populique Romani indidit", + "en": "This title of Augustus was deservedly given himb on the motion of Plancus with the unanimous acclaim of the entire senate and the Roman people." + }, + { + "id": 16169, + "la": "Erant tamen qui hunc felicissimum statum odissent: quippe L Murena et Fannius Caepio diversis moribus (nam Murena sine hoc facinore potuit videri bonus, Caepio et ante hoc erat pessimus) cum iniissent occidendi Caesaris consilia, oppressi auctoritate publica, quod vi facere voluerant, iure passi sunt", + "en": "Yet there were those who did not like this prosperous state of affairs. For example, Lucius Murena and Fannius Caepio had entered into a plot to assassinate Caesar, but were seized by state authority and themselves suffered by law what they had wished to accomplish by violence. They were two men quite diverse in character, for Murena, apart from this act, might have passed as a man of good character, while Caepio, even before this, had been of the worst." + }, + { + "id": 16170, + "la": "Neque multo post Rufus Egnatius, per omnia gladiatori quam senatori propior, collecto in aedilitate favore populi, quem extinguendis privata familia incendiis in dies auxerat, in tantum quidem, ut ei praeturam continuaret, mox etiam consulatum petere ausus, cum esset omni flagitiorum scelerumque conscientia mersus nec melior illi res familiaris quam mens foret, adgregatis simillimis sibi interimere Caesarem statuit, ut quo salvo salvus esse non poterat, eo sublato moreretur", + "en": "Shortly afterwards a similar attempt was made by Rufus Egnatius,d a man who in all respects resembled a gladiator rather than a senator. Securing the favour of the people in his aedileship by putting out fires with his own gang of slaves, he increased it daily to such an extent that the people gave him the praetorship immediately after the aedileship. It was not long before he dared to become a candidate for the consulship, but he was overwhelmed by the general knowledge of his shameless deeds and crimes, and the state of his property came to be as desperate as his mind. Therefore, collecting about him men of his own kind, he resolved to assassinate Caesar in order that he might die after getting rid of him whose existence was not compatible with his own." + }, + { + "id": 16171, + "la": "Quippe ita se mores habent, ut publica quisque ruina malit occidere quam sua proteri et idem passurus minus conspici", + "en": "Such men are so constituted that each would prefer to fall in a general cataclysm than to perish alone, and, though suffering the same fate in the end, to be less conspicuous in dying." + }, + { + "id": 16172, + "la": "Neque hic prioribus in occultando felicior fuit, abditusque carceri cum consciis facinoris mortem dignissimam vita sua obiit", + "en": "He, however, was not more successful than the rest in concealing his designs, and after being thrust into prison with his fellow conspirators, died the death his life richly deserved." + }, + { + "id": 16173, + "la": "Praeclarum excellentis viri factum C Sentii Saturnini circa ea tempora consulis ne fraudetur memoria", + "en": "The remarkable conduct of an excellent man, Gaius Sentius Saturninus, who was consul about this time,a must not be cheated of its due record." + }, + { + "id": 16174, + "la": "Aberat ordinandis Asiae Orientisque rebus Caesar, circumferens terrarum orbi praesentia sua pacis suae bona", + "en": "Caesar was absent from the city engaged in regulating the affairs of Asia and of the orient, and in bringing to the countries of the world by his personal presence the blessings of Augustan peace." + }, + { + "id": 16175, + "la": "Tum Sentius, forte et solus et absente Caesare consul, cum alia prisca severitate, summaque constantia, vetere consulum more ac severitate, gessisset, protraxisset publicanorum fraudes, punisset avaritiam, regessisset in aerarium pecunias publicas, tum in comitiis habendis praecipuum egit consulem: nam et quaesturam petentes, quos indignos iudicavit, profiteri vetuit, et, cum id facturos se perseverarent, consularem, si in campum descendissent, vindictam minatus est, et Egnatium florentem favore publico sperantemque ut praeturam aedilitati, ita consulatum praeturae se iuncturum, profiteri vetuit, et cum id non obtinuisset, iuravit, etiam si factus esset consul suffragiis populi, tamen se eum non renuntiaturum", + "en": "On this occasion Sentius, chancing thus to be sole consul with Caesar absent, adopting the rigorous regime of the older consuls, pursued a general policy of old-fashioned severity and great firmness, bringing to light the fraudulent tricks of the tax-collectors, punishing their avarice, and getting the public monevs into the treasury. But it was particularly in holding the elections that he played the consul. For in the case of candidates for the quaestorship whom he thought unworthy, he forbade them to offer their names, and when they insisted upon doing so, he threatened them with the exercise of his consular authority if they came down to the Campus Martius.b Egnatius, who was now at the height of popular favour, and was expecting to have his consulship follow his praetorship as his praetorship had followed his aedileship, he forbade to become a candidate, and failing in this, he swore that, even if Egnatius were elected consul by the votes of the people, he would refuse to report his election." + }, + { + "id": 16176, + "la": "Quod ego factum cuilibet veterum consulum gloriae comparandum reor, nisi quod naturaliter audita visis laudamus libentius et praesentia invidia, praeterita veneratione prosequimur et his nos obrui, illis instrui credimus", + "en": "This conduct I consider as comparable with any of the celebrated acts of the consuls of the olden days. But we are naturally more inclined to praise what we have heard than what has occurred before our eyes; we regard the present with envy, the past with veneration, and believe that we are eclipsed by the former, but derive instruction from the latter." + }, + { + "id": 16177, + "la": "Ante triennium fere, quam Egnatianum scelus erumperet, circa Murenae Caepionisque coniurationis tempus, abhinc annos quinquaginta, M Marcellus, sororis Augusti Octaviae filius, quem homines ita, si quid accidisset Caesari, successorem potentiae eius arbitrabantur futurum, ut tamen id per M Agrippam securo ei posse contingere non existimarent, magnificentissimo munere aedilitatis edito decessit admodum iuvenis, sane, ut aiunt, ingenuarum virtutum laetusque animi et ingenii fortunaeque, in quam alebatur, capax", + "en": "Some three years before the plot of Egnatius was exposed, about the time of the conspiracy of Murena and Caepio, fifty years from the present date, Marcus Marcellus died,a the son of Octavia, sister of Augustus, after giving a magnificent spectacle to commemorate his aedileship and while still quite a youth. People thought that, if anything should happen to Caesar, Marcellus would be his successor in power, at the same time believing, however, that this would not fall to his lot without opposition from Marcus Agrippa. He was, we are told, a young man of noble qualities, cheerful in mind and disposition, and equal to the station for which he was being reared." + }, + { + "id": 16178, + "la": "Post cuius obitum Agrippa, qui sub specie ministeriorum principalium profectus in Asiam, ut fama loquitur, ob tacitas cum Marcello offensiones praesenti se subduxerat tempori, reversus inde filiam Caesaris Iuliam, quam in matrimonio Marcellus habuerat, duxit uxorem, feminam neque sibi neque rei publicae felicis uteri", + "en": "After his death Agrippa, who had set out for Asia on the pretext of commissions from the emperor, but who, according to current gossip, had withdrawn, for the time being, on account of his secret animosity for Marcellus, now returned from Asia and married Julia the daughter of Caesar, who had been the wife of Marcellus, a woman whose many childrenc were to be blessings neither to herself nor to the state." + }, + { + "id": 16179, + "la": "Hoc tractu temporum Ti Claudius Nero, quo trimo, ut praediximus, Livia, Drusi Claudiani filia, despondente Ti Nerone, cui ante nupta fuerat, Caesari nupserat, innutritus caelestium praeceptorum disciplinis, iuvenis genere, forma, celsitudine corporis, optimis studiis maximoque ingenio instructissimus, qui protinus quantus est, sperari potuerat visuque praetulerat principem, quaestor undevicesimum annum agens capessere coepit rem publicam maximamque difficultatem annonae ac rei frumentariae inopiam ita Ostiae atque in urbe mandatu vitrici moderatus est, ut per id, quod agebat, quantus evasurus esset, eluceret", + "en": "At this period Tiberius Claudius Nero, in his nineteenth year, began his public life as quaestor. I have already told how, when he was three years of age, his mother Livia, the daughter of Drusus Claudianus, had become the wife of Caesar, her former husband, Tiberius Nero, himself giving her in marriage to him.a Nurtured by the teaching of eminent praeceptors, a youth equipped in the highest degree with the advantages of birth, personal beauty, commanding presence, an excellent education combined with native talents, Tiberius gave early promise of becoming the great man he now is, and already by his look revealed the prince. Now, acting on the orders of his stepfather, he so skilfully regulated the difficulties of the grain supply and relieved the scarcity of corn at Ostia and in the city that it was apparent from his execution of this commission how great he was destined to become." + }, + { + "id": 16180, + "la": "Nec multo post missus ab eodem vitrico cum exercitu ad visendas ordinandasque, quae sub Oriente sunt, provincias, praecipuis omnium virtutum experimentis in eo tractu editis, cum legionibus ingressus Armeniam, redacta ea in potestatem populi Romani regnum eius Artavasdi dedit", + "en": "Shortly afterwards he was sent by his stepfather with an army to visit the eastern provinces and restore them to order, and in that part of the world gave splendid illustration of all his strong qualities. Entering Armenia with his legions, he brought it once more under the sovereignty of the Roman people, and gave the kingship to Artavasdes." + }, + { + "id": 16181, + "la": "Quin rex quoque Parthorum tanti nominis fama territus liberos suos ad Caesarem misit obsides", + "en": "Even the king of the Parthians, awed by the reputation of so great a name, sent his own children as hostages to Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 16182, + "la": "Reversum inde Neronem Caesar haud mediocris belli mole experiri statuit, adiutore operis dato fratre ipsius Druso Claudio, quem intra Caesaris penates enixa erat Livia", + "en": "On Neros return Caesar resolved to test his powers in a war of no slight magnitude. In this work he gave him as a collaborator his own brother Drusus Claudius, to whom Livia gave birth when already in the house of Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 16183, + "la": "Quippe uterque e diversis partibus Raetos Vindelicosque adgressi, multis urbium et castellorum oppugnationibus nec non derecta quoque acie feliciter functi gentes locis tutissimas, aditu difficillimas, numero frequentes, feritate truces maiore cum periculo quam damno Romani exercitus plurimo cum earum sanguine perdomuerunt", + "en": "The two brothers attacked the Raeti and Vindelici from different directions, and after storming many towns and strongholds, as well as engaging successfully in pitched battles, with more danger than real loss to the Roman army, though with much bloodshed on the part of the enemy, they thoroughly subdued these races,a protected as they were by the nature of the country, difficult of access, strong in numbers, and fiercely warlike." + }, + { + "id": 16184, + "la": "Ante quae tempora censura Planci et Pauli acta inter discordiam neque ipsis honori neque rei publicae usui fuerat, cum alteri vis censoria, alteri vita deesset, Paulus vix posset implere censorem, Plancus timere deberet, nec quidquam obiicere posset adulescentibus aut obiicientes audire, quod non agnosceret senex", + "en": "Before this had occurred the censorship of Plancus and Paulus, which, exercised as it was with mutual discord, was little credit to themselves or little benefit to the state, for the one lacked the force, the other the character, in keeping with the office; Paulus was scarcely capable of filling the censors office, while Plancus had only too much reason to fear it, nor was there any charge which he could make against young men, or hear others make, of which he, old though he was, could not recognize himself as guilty." + }, + { + "id": 16185, + "la": "Mors deinde Agrippae, qui novitatem suam multis rebus nobilitaveret atque in hoc perduxerat, ut et Neronis esset socer, cuiusque liberos nepotes suos divus Augustus praepositis Gai ac Lucii nominibus adoptaverat, admovit propius Neronem Caesari: quippe filia Iulia eius, quae fuerat Agrippae nupta, Neroni nupsit", + "en": "Then occurred the death of Agrippa.b Though a new man he had by his many achievements brought distinction upon his obscure birth, even to the extent of becoming the father-in-lawc of Nerod; and his sons, the grandsons of the emperor, had been adopted by Augustus under the names of Gaius and Lucius. His death brought Nero closer to Caesar, since his daughter Julia, who had been the wife of Agrippa, now married Nero." + }, + { + "id": 16186, + "la": "Subinde bellum Pannonicum, quod inchoatum ab Agrippa, Marco Vinicio, avo tuo consule, magnum atroxque et perquam vicinum imminebat Italiae, per Neronem gestum est", + "en": "Shortly after, the Pannonian war, which had been begun by Agrippa in the consulate of your grandfather, Marcus Vinicius, was conducted by Nero, a war which was important and formidable enough, and on account of its proximity a menace to Italy." + }, + { + "id": 16187, + "la": "Gentes Pannoniorum Delmatarumque nationes situmque regionum ac fluminum numerumque et modum virium excelsissimasque et multiplices eo bello victorias tanti imperatoris alio loco explicabimus: hoc opus servet formam suam", + "en": "In another place I shall describe the tribes of the Pannonians and the races of Dalmatians, the situation of their country and its rivers, the number and extent of their forces, and the many glorious victories won in the course of this war by this great commander; my present work must keep to its design." + }, + { + "id": 16188, + "la": "Huius victoriae compos Nero ovans triumphavit", + "en": "After achieving this victory Nero celebrated an ovation." + }, + { + "id": 16189, + "la": "Sed dum in hac parte imperii omnia geruntur prosperrime, accepta in Germania clades sub legato M Lollio, homine in omnia pecuniae quam recte faciendi cupidiore et inter summam vitiorum dissimulationem vitiosissimo, amissaque legionis quintae aquila vocavit ab urbe in Gallias Caesarem", + "en": "But while everything was being successfully managed in this quarter of the empire, a disaster received in Germany under Marcus Lollius the legate'he was a man who was ever more eager for money than for honest action, and of vicious habits in spite of his excessive efforts at concealment'and the loss of the eagle of the fifth legion, summoned Caesar from the city to the provinces of Gaul." + }, + { + "id": 16190, + "la": "Cura deinde atque onus Germanici belli delegata Druso Claudio, fratri Neronis, adulescenti tot tantarumque virtutum, quot et quantas natura mortalis recipit vel industria perficit", + "en": "The burden of responsibility for this warb was then entrusted to Drusus Claudius, the brother of Nero, a young man endowed with as many great qualities as mens nature is capable of receiving or application developing." + }, + { + "id": 16191, + "la": "Cuius ingenium utrum bellicis magis operibus an civilibus suffecerit artibus, in incerto est: morum certe dulcedo ac suavitas et adversus amicos aequa ac par sui aestimatio inimitabilis fuisse dicitur; nam pulchritudo corporis proxima fraternae fuit", + "en": "It would be hard to say whether his talents were the better adapted to a military career or the duties of civil life; at any rate, the charm and the sweetness of his character are said to have been inimitable, and also his modest attitude of equality towards his friends. As for his personal beauty, it was second only to that of his brother." + }, + { + "id": 16192, + "la": "Sed illum magna ex parte domitorem Germaniae, plurimo eius gentis variis in locis profuso sanguine, fatorum iniquitas consulem, agentem annum tricesimum, rapuit", + "en": "But, after accomplishing to a great extent the subjection of Germany, in which much blood of that people was shed on various battle-fields, an unkind fate carried him off during his consulship, in his thirtieth year." + }, + { + "id": 16193, + "la": "Moles deinde eius belli translata in Neronem est: quod is sua et virtute et fortuna administravit peragratusque victor omnis partis Germaniae sine ullo detrimento commissi exercitus, quod praecipue huic duci semper curae fuit, sic perdomuit eam, ut in formam paene stipendiariae redigeret provinciae", + "en": "The burden of responsibility for this war was then transferred to Nero. He carried it on with his customary valour and good fortune, and after traversing every part of Germany in a victorious campaign, without any loss of the army entrusted to him'for he made this one of his chief concerns'he so subdued the country as to reduce it almost to the status of a tributary province." + }, + { + "id": 16194, + "la": "Tum alter triumphus cum altero consulatu ei oblatus est", + "en": "He then received a second triumph, and a second consulship." + }, + { + "id": 16195, + "la": "Dum ea, quae diximus, in Pannonia Germaniaque geruntur, atrox in Thracia bellum ortum, omnibus eius gentis nationibus in arma accensis, L Pisonis, quem hodieque diligentissimum atque eundem lenissimum securitatis urbanae custodem habemus, virtus compressit (quippe legatus Caesaris triennio cum iis bellavit gentesque ferocissimas plurimo cum earum excidio nunc acie, nunc expugnationibus in pristinum pacis redegit modum) eiusque patratione Asiae securitatem, Macedoniae pacem reddidit", + "en": "While the events of which we have spoken were taking place in Pannonia and in Germany, a fierce rebellion arose in Thrace, and all its clans were aroused to arms. It was terminated by the valour of Lucius Piso, whom we still have with us to-day as the most vigilant and at the same time the gentlest guardian of the security of the city. As lieutenant of Caesar he fought the Thracians for three years, and by a succession of battles and sieges, with great loss of life to the Thracians, he brought these fiercest of races to their former state of peaceful subjection. By putting an end to this war he restored security to Asia and peace to Macedonia." + }, + { + "id": 16196, + "la": "De quo viro hoc omnibus sentiendum ac praedicandum est, esse mores eius vigore ac lenitate mixtissimos et vix quemquam reperiri posse, qui aut otium validius diligat aut facilius sufficiat negotio et magis quae agenda sunt curet sine ulla ostentatione agendi", + "en": "Of Piso all must think and say that his character is an excellent blend of firmness and gentleness, and that it would be hard to find anyone possessing a stronger love of leisure, or, on the other hand, more capable of action, and of taking the necessary measures without thrusting his activity upon our notice." + }, + { + "id": 16197, + "la": "Brevi interiecto spatio Ti Nero duobus consulatibus totidemque triumphis actis tribuniciae potestatis consortione aequatus Augusto, civium post unum, et hoc, quia volebat, eminentissimus, ducum maximus, fama fortunaque celeberrimus et vere alterum rei publicae lumen et caput, mira quadam et incredibili atque inenarrabili pietate, cuius causae mox detectae sunt, cum Gaius Caesar sumpsisset iam virilem togam, Lucius item maturus esset viribus, ne fulgor suus orientium iuvenum obstaret initiis, dissimulata causa consilii sui, commeatum ab socero atque eodem vitrico adquiescendi a continuatione laborum petiit", + "en": "Soon afterwards Tiberius Nero, who had now held two consulships and celebrated two triumphs; who had been made the equal of Augustus by sharing with him the tribunician power; the most eminent of all Roman citizens save one (and that because he wished it so); the greatest of generals, attended alike by fame and fortune; veritably the second luminary and the second head of the state'this man, moved by some strangely incredible and inexpressible feeling of affection for Augustus, sought leave from him who was both his father-in-law and stepfather to rest from the unbroken succession of his labours. The real reasons for this were soon made plain. Inasmuch as Gaius Caesar had already assumed the toga of manhood, and Lucius was reaching maturity, he concealed his reason in order that his own glory might not stand in the way of the young men at the beginning of their careers." + }, + { + "id": 16198, + "la": "Quis fuerit eo tempore civitatis habitus, qui singulorum animi, quae digredientium a tanto viro omnium lacrimae, quam paene ei patria manum iniecerit, iusto servemus operi: illud etiam in hoc transcursu dicendum est, ita septem annos Rhodi moratum, ut omnes, qui pro consulibus legatique in transmarinas sunt profecti provincias, visendi eius gratia Rhodum deverterint atque eum convenientes semper privato, si illa maiestas privata umquam fuit, fasces suos summiserint fassique sint otium eius honoratius imperio suo", + "en": "I must reserve for my regular history a description of the attitude of the state at this juncture, of the feelings of the individual citizens, of the tears of all at taking leave of such a man, and how nearly the state came to laying upon him its staying hand. Even in this brief epitome I ought to say that his stay of seven years in Rhodes was such that all who departed for the provinces across the sea, whether proconsuls or governors appointed by the emperor, went out of their way to see him at Rhodes, and on meeting him they lowered their fasces to him though he was but a private citizen'if such majesty could ever belong to a private citizen'thereby confessing that his retirement was more worthy of honour than their official position." + }, + { + "id": 16199, + "la": "Sensit terrarum orbis digressum a custodia Neronem urbis: nam et Parthus desciscens a societate Romana adiecit Armeniae manum et Germania aversis domitoris sui oculis rebellavit", + "en": "The whole world felt the departure of Nero from his post as protector of the city. The Parthian, breaking away from his alliance with us, laid hold of Armenia, and Germany revolted when the eyes of its conqueror were no longer upon it." + }, + { + "id": 16200, + "la": "At in urbe eo ipso anno, quo magnificentissimis gladiatorii muneris naumachiaeque spectaculis divus Augustus abhinc annos triginta se et Gallo Caninio consulibus, dedicato Martis templo animos oculosque populi Romani repleverat, foeda dictu memoriaque horrenda in ipsius domo tempestas erupit", + "en": "But in the city, in the very year in which Augustus, then consul with Gallus Caniniusa (thirty years ago), had sated to repletion the minds and eyes of the Roman people with the magnificent spectacle of a gladiatorial show and a sham naval battle on the occasion of the dedication of the temple of Mars.b a calamity broke out in the emperors own household which is shameful to narrate and dreadful to recall." + }, + { + "id": 16201, + "la": "Quippe filia eius Iulia, per omnia tanti parentis ac viri immemor, nihil, quod facere aut pati turpiter posset femina, luxuria libidineve infectum reliquit magnitudinemque fortunae suae peccandi licentia metiebatur, quidquid liberet pro licito vindicans", + "en": "For his daughter Julia, utterly regardless of her great father and her husband, left untried no disgraceful deed untainted with either extravagance or lust of which a woman could be guilty, either as the doer or as the object, and was in the habit of measuring the magnitude of her fortune only in the terms of licence to sin, setting up her own caprice as a law unto itself." + }, + { + "id": 16202, + "la": "Tum Iulus Antonius, singulare exemplum clementiae Caesaris, violator eius domus, ipse sceleris a se commissi ultor fuit (quem victo eius patre non tantum incolumitate donaverat, sed sacerdotio, praetura, consulatu, provinciis honoratum, etiam matrimonio sororis suae filiae in artissimam adfinitatem receperat), Quintiusque Crispinus, singularem nequitiam supercilio truci protegens, et Appius Claudius et Sempronius Gracchus ac Scipio aliique minoris nominis utriusque ordinis viri, quas cuiuslibet uxore violata poenas pependissent, pependere, cum Caesaris filiam et Neronis violassent coniugem", + "en": "Iulus Antonius, who had been a remarkable example of Caesars clemency, only to become the violator of his household, avenged with his own handa the crime he had committed. After the defeat of Marcus Antonius, his father, Augustus had not only granted him his life, but after honouring him with the priesthood, the praetorship, the consulship, and the governorship of provinces, had admitted him to the closest ties of relationship through a marriage with his sisters daughter.b Quintius Crispinus also, who hid his extraordinary depravity behind a stern brow, Appius Claudius, Sempronius Gracchus, Scipio, and other men of both orders but of less illustrious name, suffered the penalty which they would have paid had it been the wife of an ordinary citizen they had debauched instead of the daughter of Caesar and the wife of Nero." + }, + { + "id": 16203, + "la": "Iulia relegata in insulam patriaeque et parentum subducta oculis, quam tamen comitata mater Scribonia voluntaria exilii permansit comes", + "en": "Julia was banished to an islandc and removed from the eyes of her country and her parents,d though her mother Scribonia accompanied her and remained with her as a voluntary companion of her exile." + }, + { + "id": 16204, + "la": "Breve ab hoc intercesserat spatium, cum C Caesar ante aliis provinciis ad visendum obitis in Syriam missus, convento prius Ti Nerone, cui omnem honorem ut superiori habuit, tam varie se ibi gessit, ut nec laudaturum magna nec vituperaturum mediocris materia deficiat", + "en": "Shortly after this Gaius Caesar, who had previously made a tour of other provinces, but only as a visitor, was dispatched to Syria. On his way he first paid his respects to Tiberius Nero, whom he treated with all honour as his superior. In his province he conducted himself with such versatility as to furnish much material for the panegyrist and not a little for the critic." + }, + { + "id": 16205, + "la": "Cum rege Parthorum, iuvene excelsissimo, in insula quam amnis Euphrates ambiebat, aequato utriusque partis numero coiit", + "en": "On an island in the Euphrates, with an equal retinue on each side, Gaius had a meeting with the king of the Parthians, a young man of distinguished presence." + }, + { + "id": 16206, + "la": "Quod spectaculum stantis ex diverso hinc Romani, illinc Parthorum exercitus, cum duo inter se eminentissima imperiorum et hominum coirent capita, perquam clarum et memorabile sub initia stipendiorum meorum tribuno militum mihi visere contigit: quem militiae gradum ante sub patre tuo, M Vinici, et P Silio auspicatus in Thracia Macedoniaque, mox Achaia Asiaque et omnibus ad Orientem visis provinciis et ore atque utroque maris Pontici latere, haud iniucunda tot rerum, locorum, gentium, urbium recordatione perfruor", + "en": "This spectacle of the Roman army arrayed on one side, the Parthian on the other, while these two eminent leaders not only of the empires they represented but also of mankind thus met in conference'truly a notable and a memorable sight'it was my fortunate lot to see early in my career as a soldier, when I held the rank of tribune. I had already entered upon this grade of the service under your father, Marcus Vinicius, and Publius Silius in Thrace and Macedonia; later I visited Achaia and Asia and all the eastern provinces, the outlet of the Black Sea and both its coasts, and it is not without feelings of pleasure that I recall the many events, places, peoples, and cities." + }, + { + "id": 16207, + "la": "Prior Parthus apud Gaium in nostra ripa, posterior hic apud regem in hostili epulatus est", + "en": "As for the meeting, first the Parthian dined with Gaius upon the Roman bank, and later Gaius supped with the king on the soil of the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 16208, + "la": "Quo tempore M Lollii, quem veluti moderatorem iuventae filii sui Augustus esse voluerat, perfida et plena subdoli ac versuti animi consilia, per Parthum indicata Caesari, fama vulgavit", + "en": "It was at this time that there were revealed to Caesar, through the Parthian king, the traitorous designs, revealing a crafty and deceitful mind, of Marcus Lollius, whom Augustus had desired to be the adviser of his still youthful son; and gossip spread the report abroad." + }, + { + "id": 16209, + "la": "Cuius mors intra paucos dies fortuita an voluntaria fuerit ignoro", + "en": "In regard to his death, which occurred within a few days, I do not know whether it was accidental or voluntary." + }, + { + "id": 16210, + "la": "Sed quam hunc decessisse laetati homines, tam paulo post obiisse Censorinum in iisdem provinciis graviter tulit civitas, virum demerendis hominibus genitum", + "en": "But the joy which people felt at this death was equalled by the sorrow which the state felt long afterwards at the decease in the same province of Censorinus, a man born to win the affections of men." + }, + { + "id": 16211, + "la": "Armeniam deinde Gaius ingressus prima parte introitus prospere rem gessit; mox in conloquio, cui se temere crediderat, circa Artageram graviter a quodam, nomine Adduo, vulneratus, ex eo ut corpus minus habile, ita animum minus utilem rei publicae habere coepit", + "en": "Then Gaius entered Armenia and at first conducted his campaign with success; but later, in a parley near Artagera, to which he rashly entrusted his person, he was seriously wounded by a man named Adduus, so that, in consequence, his body became less active, and his mind of less service to the state." + }, + { + "id": 16212, + "la": "Nec defuit conversatio hominum vitia eius adsentatione alentium (etenim semper magnae fortunae comes adest adulatio), per quae eo ductus erat, ut in ultimo ac remotissimo terrarum orbis angulo consenescere quam Romam regredi mallet Diu deinde reluctatus invitusque revertens in Italiam in urbe Lyciae (Limyra nominant) morbo obiit, cum ante annum ferme L Caesar frater eius Hispanias petens Massiliae decessisset", + "en": "Nor was there lacking the companionship of persons who encouraged his defects by flattery'for flattery always goes hand in hand with high position'as a result of which he wished to spend his life in a remote and distant corner of the world rather than return to Rome. Then, in the act of returning to Italy, after long resistance and still against his will, he dieda in a city of Lycia which they call Limyra, his brother Lucius having died about a year beforeb at Massilia on his way to Spain." + }, + { + "id": 16213, + "la": "Sed fortuna, quae subduxerat spem magni nominis, iam tum rei publicae sua praesidia reddiderat: quippe ante utriusque horum obitum patre tuo P Vinicio consule Ti Nero reversus Rhodo incredibili laetitia patriam repleverat", + "en": "But fortune, which had removed the hope of the great name of Caesar, had already restored to the state her real protector; for the return of Tiberius Nero from Rhodes in the consulship of Publius Vinicius, your father, and before the death of either of these youths, had filled his country with joy." + }, + { + "id": 16214, + "la": "Non est diu cunctatus Caesar Augustus; neque enim quaerendus erat quem legeret, sed legendus qui eminebat", + "en": "Caesar Augustus did not long hesitate, for he had no need to search for one to choose as his successor but merely to choose the one who towered above the others." + }, + { + "id": 16215, + "la": "Itaque quod post Lucii mortem adhuc Gaio vivo facere voluerat atque vehementer repugnante Nerone erat inhibitus, post utriusque adulescentium obitum facere perseveravit, ut et tribuniciae potestatis consortionem Neroni constitueret, multum quidem eo cum domi tum in senatu recusante, et eum Aelio Cato C Sentio consulibus V Kal Iulias, post urbem conditam annis septingentis quinquaginta quattuor, abhinc annos septem et viginti adoptaret", + "en": "Accordingly, what he had wished to do after the death of Lucius but while Gaius was still living, and had been prevented from doing by the strong opposition of Nero himself, he now insisted upon carrying out after the death of both young men, namely, to make Nero his associate in the tribunician power, in spite of his continued objection both in private and in the senate; and in the consulship of Aelius Catus and Gaius Sentius,a on the twenty-seventh of June, he adopted him, seven hundred and fifty-four years after the founding of the city, and twenty-seven years ago." + }, + { + "id": 16216, + "la": "Laetitiam illius diei concursumque civitatis et vota paene inserentium caelo manus spemque conceptam perpetuae securitatis aeternitatisque Romani imperii vix in illo iusto opere abunde persequi poterimus, nedum hic implere temptemus, contenti id unum dixisse quam ille omnibus faustus fuerit", + "en": "The rejoicing of that day, the concourse of the citizens, their vows as they stretched their hands almost to the very heavens, and the hopes which they entertained for the perpetual security and the eternal existence of the Roman empire, I shall hardly be able to describe to the full even in my comprehensive work, much less try to do it justice here. I shall simply content myself with stating what a day of good omen it was for all." + }, + { + "id": 16217, + "la": "Tum refulsit certa spes liberorum parentibus, viris matrimoniorum, dominis patrimonii, omnibus hominibus salutis, quietis, pacis, tranquillitatis, adeo ut nec plus sperari potuerit nec spei responderi felicius", + "en": "On that day there sprang up once more in parents the assurance of safety for their children, in husbands for the sanctity of marriage, in owners for the safety of their property, and in all men the assurance of safety, order, peace, and tranquillity; indeed, it would have been hard to entertain larger hopes, or to have them more happily fulfilled." + }, + { + "id": 16218, + "la": "Adoptatus eadem die etiam M Agrippa, quem post mortem Agrippae Iulia enixa erat, sed in Neronis adoptione illud adiectum his ipsis Caesaris verbis: hoc, inquit, rei publicae causa facio", + "en": "On the same day Marcus Agrippa, to whom Julia had given birth after the death of Agrippa, was also adopted by Augustus; but, in the case of Nero, an addition was made to the formula of adoption in Caesars own words: This I do for reasons of state." + }, + { + "id": 16219, + "la": "Non diu vindicem custodemque imperii sui morata in urbe patria protinus in Germaniam misit, ubi ante triennium sub M Vinicio, avo tuo, clarissimo viro, immensum exarserat bellum", + "en": "His country did not long detain at Rome the champion and the guardian of her empire, but forthwith dispatched him to Germany, where, three years before, an extensive war had broken out in the governorship of that illustrious man, Marcus Vinicius, your grandfather." + }, + { + "id": 16220, + "la": "Erat id ab eo quibusdam in locis gestum, quibusdam sustentatum feliciter, eoque nomine decreta ei cum speciossisima inscriptione operum ornamenta triumphalia", + "en": "Vinicius had carried on this war with success in some quarters, and in others had made a successful defence, and on this account there had been decreed to him the ornaments of a triumpha with an honorary inscription recording his deeds." + }, + { + "id": 16221, + "la": "Hoc tempus me, functum ante tribunatu, castrorum Ti Caesaris militem fecit: quippe protinus ab adoptione missus cum eo praefectus equitum in Germaniam, successor officii patris mei, caelestissimorum eius operum per annos continuos novem praefectus aut legatus spectator, tum pro captu mediocritatis meae adiutor fui", + "en": "It was at this time that I became a soldier in the camp of Tiberius Caesar, after having previously filled the duties of the tribunate. For, immediately after the adoption of Tiberius, I was sent with him to Germany as prefect of cavalry, succeeding my father in that position, and for nine continuous years as prefect of cavalry or as commander of a legion I was a spectator of his superhuman achievements, and further assisted in them to the extent of my modest ability." + }, + { + "id": 16222, + "la": "Neque illi spectaculo, quo fructus sum, simile condicio mortalis recipere videtur mihi, cum per celeberrimam Italiae partem tractumque omnem Galliae provinciarum veterem imperatorem et ante meritis ac virtutibus quam nomine Caesarem revisentes sibi quisque quam illi gratularentur plenius", + "en": "I do not think that mortal man will be permitted to behold again a sight like that which I enjoyed, when, throughout the most populous parts of Italy and the full extent of the provinces of Gaul, the people as they beheld once more their old commander, who by virtue of his services had long been a Caesar before he was such in name, congratulated themselves in even heartier terms than they congratulated him." + }, + { + "id": 16223, + "la": "At vero militum conspectu eius elicitae gaudio lacrimae alacritasque et salutationis nova quaedam exultatio et contingendi manum cupiditas non continentium protinus quin adiicerent, videmus te, imperator? Salvum recepimus? Ac deinde ego tecum, imperator, in Armenia, ego in Raetia fui, ego a te in Vindelicis, ego in Pannonia, ego in Germania donatus sum neque verbis exprimi et fortasse vix mereri fidem potest", + "en": "Indeed, words cannot express the feelings of the soldiers at their meeting, and perhaps my account will scarcely be believed'the tears which sprang to their eyes in their joy at the sight of him, their eagerness, their strange transports in saluting him, their longing to touch his hand, and their inability to restrain such cries as Is it really you that we see, commander? Have we received you safely back among us? I served with you, general, in Armenia! And I in Raetia! I received my decoration from you in Vindelicia! And I mine in Pannonia! And I in Germany!" + }, + { + "id": 16224, + "la": "Intrata protinus Germania, subacti Canninefates, Attuarii, Bructeri, recepti Cherusci (gentis eius Arminius mox nostra clade nobilis),transitus Visurgis, penetrata ulteriora, cum omnem partem asperrimi et periculosissimi belli Caesar vindicaret sibi, iis, quae minoris erant discriminis, Sentium Saturninum, qui iam legatus patris eius in Germania fuerat, praefecisset, virum multiplicem virtutibus, gnavum, agilem, providum militariumque officiorum patientem ac peritum pariter, sed eundem, ubi negotia fecissent locum otio, liberaliter lauteque eo abutentem, ita tamen, ut eum splendidum atque hilarem potius quam luxuriosum aut desidem diceres", + "en": "He at once entered Germany.a The Canninefates, the Attuarii, and Bructeri were subdued, the Cherusci (Arminius, a member of this race, was soon to become famous for the disaster inflicted upon us) were again subjugated, the Weser crossed, and the regions beyond it penetrated. Caesar claimed for himself every part of the war that was difficult or dangerous, placing Sentius Saturninus, who had already served as legate under his father in Germany, in charge of expeditions of a less dangerous character: a man many-sided in his virtues, a man of energy of action, and of foresight, alike able to endure the duties of a soldier as he was well trained in them, but who, likewise, when his labours left room for leisure, made a liberal and elegant use of it, but with this reservation, that one would call him sumptuous and jovial rather than extravagant or indolent." + }, + { + "id": 16225, + "la": "De cuius viri claro ingenio celebrique consulatu praediximus", + "en": "About the distinguished ability of this illustrious man and his famous consulship I have already spoken." + }, + { + "id": 16226, + "la": "Anni eius aestiva usque in mensem Decembrem producta inmanis emolumentum fecere victoriae", + "en": "The prolonging of the campaign of that year into the month of December increased the benefits derived from the great victory." + }, + { + "id": 16227, + "la": "Pietas sua Caesarem paene obstructis hieme Alpibus in urbem traxit, at tutela imperii eum veris initio reduxit in Germaniam, in cuius mediis finibus ad caput Lupiae fluminis hiberna digrediens princeps locaverat", + "en": "Caesar was drawn to the city by his filial affection, though the Alps were almost blocked by winters snows; but the defence of the empire brought him at the beginning of spring back to Germany, where he had on his departure pitched his winter camp at the source of the river. Lippe, in the very heart of the country, the firstc Roman to winter there." + }, + { + "id": 16228, + "la": "Pro dii boni, quanti voluminis opera insequenti aestate sub duce Tiberio Caesare gessimus! Perlustrata armis tota Germania est, victae gentes paene nominibus incognitae, receptae Cauchorum nationes: omnis eorum iuventus infinita numero, immensa corporibus, situ locorum tutissima, traditis armis una cum ducibus suis saepta fulgenti armatoque militum nostrorum agmine ante imperatoris procubuit tribunal", + "en": "Ye Heavens, how large a volume could be filled with the tale of our achievements in the following summerd under the generalship of Tiberius Caesar! All Germany was traversed by our armies, races were conquered hitherto almost unknown, even by name; and the tribes of the Cauchi were again subjugated. All the flower of their youth, infinite in number though they were, huge of stature and protected by the ground they held, surrendered their arms, and, flanked by a gleaming line of our soldiers, fell with their generals upon their knees before the tribunal of the commander." + }, + { + "id": 16229, + "la": "Fracti Langobardi, gens etiam Germana feritate ferocior; denique quod numquam antea spe conceptum, nedum opere temptatum erat, ad quadringentesimum miliarium a Rheno usque ad flumen Albim, qui Semnonum Hermundurorumque fines praeterfluit, Romanus cum signis perductus exercitus", + "en": "The power of the Langobardi was broken, a race surpassing even the Germans in savagery; and finally'and this is something which had never before been entertained even as a hope, much less actually attempted'a Roman army with its standards was led four hundred miles beyond the Rhine as far as the river Elbe, which flows past the territories of the Semnones and the Hermunduri." + }, + { + "id": 16230, + "la": "Et eadem mira felicitate et cura ducis, temporum quoque observantia, classis, quae Oceani circumnavigaverat sinus, ab inaudito atque incognito ante mari flumine Albi subvecta, cum plurimarum gentium victoria parta cum abundantissima rerum omnium copia exercitui Caesarique se iunxit", + "en": "And with the same wonderful combination of careful planning and good fortune on the part of the general, and a close watch upon the seasons, the fleet which had skirted the windings of the sea coast sailed up the Elbe from a sea hitherto unheard of and unknown,a and after proving victorious over many tribes effected a junction with Caesar and the army, bringing with it a great abundance of supplies of all kinds." + }, + { + "id": 16231, + "la": "Non tempero mihi quin tantae rerum magnitudini hoc, qualecumque est, inseram", + "en": "Even in the midst of these great events I cannot refrain from inserting this little incident." + }, + { + "id": 16232, + "la": "Cum citeriorem ripam praedicti fluminis castris occupassemus et ulterior armata hostium virtute fulgeret, sub omnem motum conatumque nostrarum navium protinus refugientium, unus e barbaris aetate senior, corpore excellens, dignitate, quantum ostendebat cultus, eminens, cavatum, ut illis mos est, ex materia conscendit alveum solusque id navigii genus temperans ad medium processit fluminis et petiit, liceret sibi sine periculo in eam, quam armis tenebamus, egredi ripam ac videre Caesarem", + "en": "We were encamped on the nearer bank of the aforesaid river, while on the farther bank glittered the arms of the enemies troops, who showed an inclination to flee at every movement and man'uvre of our vessels, when one of the barbarians, advanced in years, tall of stature, of high rank, to judge by his dress, embarked in a canoe, made as is usual with them of a hollowed log, and guiding this strange craft he advanced alone to the middle of the stream and asked permission to land without harm to himself on the bank occupied by our troops, and to see Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 16233, + "la": "Data petenti facultas", + "en": "Permission was granted." + }, + { + "id": 16234, + "la": "Tum adpulso lintre et diu tacitus contemplatus Caesarem, nostra quidem, inquit, furit iuventus, quae cum vestrum numen absentium colat, praesentium potius arma metuit quam sequitur fidem", + "en": "Then he beached his canoe, and, after gazing upon Caesar for a long time in silence, exclaimed: Our young men are insane, for though they worship you as divine when absent, when you are present they fear your armies instead of trusting to your protection." + }, + { + "id": 16235, + "la": "Sed ego beneficio ac permissu tuo, Caesar, quos ante audiebam, hodie vidi deos, nec feliciorem ullum vitae meae aut optavi aut sensi diem", + "en": "But I, by your kind permission, Caesar, have to-day seen the gods of whom I merely used to hear; and in my life have never hoped for or experienced a happier day." + }, + { + "id": 16236, + "la": "Impetratoque ut manum contingeret, reversus in naviculam, sine fine respectans Caesarem ripae suorum adpulsus est", + "en": "After asking for and receiving permission to touch Caesars hand, he again entered his canoe, and continued to gaze back upon him until he landed upon his own bank." + }, + { + "id": 16237, + "la": "Victor omnium gentium locorumque, quos adierat Caesar, incolumi inviolatoque et semel tantummodo magna cum clade hostium fraude eorum temptato exercitu in hiberna legiones reduxit, eadem qua priore anno festinatione urbem petens", + "en": "Victorious over all the nations and countries which he approached, his army safe and unimpaired, having been attacked but once, and that too through deceit on the part of the enemy and with great loss on their side, Caesar led his legions back to winter quarters, and sought the city with the same haste as in the previous year." + }, + { + "id": 16238, + "la": "Nihil erat iam in Germania, quod vinci posset, praeter gentem Marcomannorum, quae Maroboduo duce excita sedibus suis atque in interiora refugiens incinctos Hercynia silva campos incolebat", + "en": "Nothing remained to be conquered in Germany except the people of the Marcomanni, which, leaving its settlements at the summons of its leader Maroboduus, had retired into the interior and now dwelt in the plains surrounded by the Hercynian forest." + }, + { + "id": 16239, + "la": "Nulla festinatio huius viri mentionem transgredi debet", + "en": "No considerations of haste should lead us to pass over this man Maroboduus without mention." + }, + { + "id": 16240, + "la": "Maroboduus, genere nobilis, corpore praevalens, animo ferox, natione magis quam ratione barbarus, non tumultuarium neque fortuitum neque mobilem et ex voluntate parentium constantem inter suos occupavit principatum, sed certum imperium vimque regiam complexus animo statuit avocata procul a Romanis gente sua eo progredi, ubi cum propter potentiora arma refugisset, sua faceret potentissima", + "en": "A man of noble family, strong in body and courageous in mind, a barbarian by birth but not in intelligence, he achieved among his countrymen no mere chiefs position gained as the result of internal disorders or chance or liable to change and dependent upon the caprice of his subjects, but, conceiving in his mind the idea of a definite empire and royal powers, he resolved to remove his own race far away from the Romans and to migrate to a place where, inasmuch as he had fled before the strength of more powerful arms, he might make his own all powerful." + }, + { + "id": 16241, + "la": "Occupatis igitur, quos praediximus, locis finitimos omnis aut bello domuit aut condicionibus iuris sui fecit", + "en": "Accordingly, after occupying the region we have mentioned, he proceeded to reduce all the neighbouring races by war, or to bring them under his sovereignty by treaty." + }, + { + "id": 16242, + "la": "Corpus suum custodientium imperium, perpetuis exercitiis paene ad Romanae disciplinae formam redactum, brevi in eminens et nostro quoque imperio timendum perduxit fastigium gerebatque se ita adversus Romanos, ut neque bello nos lacesseret, et si lacesseretur, superesse sibi vim ac voluntatem resistendi ostenderet", + "en": "The body of guards protecting the kingdom of Maroboduus, which by constant drill had been brought almost to the Roman standard of discipline, soon placed him in a position of power that was dreaded even by our empire. His policy toward Rome was to avoid provoking us by war, but at the same time to let us understand that, if he were provoked by us he had in reserve the power and the will to resist." + }, + { + "id": 16243, + "la": "Legati, quos mittebat ad Caesares, interdum ut supplicem commendabant, interdum ut pro pari loquebantur", + "en": "The envoys whom he sent to the Caesars sometimes commended him to them as a suppliant and sometimes spoke as though they represented an equal." + }, + { + "id": 16244, + "la": "Gentibus hominibusque a nobis desciscentibus erat apud eum perfugium, in totumque ex male dissimulato agebat aemulum; exercitumque, quem septuaginta milium peditum, quattuor equitum fecerat, adsiduis adversus finitimos bellis exercendo maiori quam, quod habebat, operi praeparabat: eratque etiam eo timendus, quod cum Germaniam ad laevam et in fronte, Pannoniam ad dextram, a tergo sedium suarum haberet Noricos, tamquam in omnes semper venturus ab omnibus timebatur", + "en": "Races and individuals who revolted from us found in him a refuge, and in all respects, with but little concealment, he played the part of a rival. His army, which he had brought up to the number of seventy thousand foot and four thousand horse, he was steadily preparing, by exercising it in constant wars against his neighbours, for some greater task than that which he had in hand. He was also to be feared on this account, that, having Germany at the left and in front of his settlements, Pannonia on the right, and Noricum in the reara of them, he was dreaded by all as one who might at any moment descend upon all." + }, + { + "id": 16245, + "la": "Nec securam incrementi sui patiebatur esse Italiam, quippe cum a summis Alpium iugis, quae finem Italiae terminant, initium eius finium haud multo plus ducentis milibus passuum abesset", + "en": "Nor did he permit Italy to be free from concern as regards his growing power, since the summits of the Alps which mark her boundary were not more than two hundred miles distant from his boundary line." + }, + { + "id": 16246, + "la": "Hunc virum et hanc regionem proximo anno diversis e partibus Ti Caesar adgredi statuit", + "en": "Such was the man and such the region that Tiberius Caesar resolved to attack from opposite directions in the course of the coming year." + }, + { + "id": 16247, + "la": "Sentio Saturnino mandatum, ut per Cattos excisis continentibus Hercyniae silvis legiones Boiohaemum (id regioni, quam incolebat Maroboduus, nomen est) duceret, ipse a Carnunto, qui locus Norici regni proximus ab hac parte erat, exercitum, qui in Illyrico merebat, ducere in Marcomannos orsus est", + "en": "Sentius Saturninus had instructions to lead his legions through the country of the Catti into Boiohaemum, for that is the name of the region occupied by Maroboduus, cutting a passage through the Hercynian forest which bounded the region, while from Carnuntum, the nearest point of the kingdom of Noricum in this direction, he himself undertook to lead against the Marcomanni the army which was serving in Illyricum." + }, + { + "id": 16248, + "la": "Rumpit interdum, interdum moratur proposita hominum fortuna", + "en": "Fortune sometimes breaks off completely, sometimes merely delays, the execution of mens plans." + }, + { + "id": 16249, + "la": "Praeparaverat iam hiberna Caesar ad Danubium admotoque exercitu non plus quam quinque dierum iter a primis hostium aberat, legionesque quas Saturninum admovere placuerat, paene aequali divisae intervallo ab hoste intra paucos dies in praedicto loco cum Caesare se iuncturae erant, cum universa Pannonia, insolens longae pacis bonis, adulta viribus, Delmatia omnibusque tractus eius gentibus in societatem adductis consilii, arma corripuit", + "en": "Caesar had already arranged his winter quarters on the Danube, and had brought up his army to within five days march of the advanced posts of the enemy; and the legions which he had ordered Saturninus to bring up, separated from the enemy by an almost equal distance, were on the point of effecting a junction with Caesar at a predetermined rendezvous within a few days, when all Pannonia, grown arrogant through the blessings of a long peace and now at the maturity of her power, suddenly took up arms,a bringing Dalmatia and all the races of that region into her alliance." + }, + { + "id": 16250, + "la": "Tum necessaria gloriosis praeposita neque tutum visum abdito in interiora exercitu vacuam tam vicino hosti relinquere Italiam", + "en": "Thereupon glory was sacrificed to necessity; and it did not seem to Tiberius a safe course to keep his army buried in the interior of the country and thus leave Italy unprotected from an enemy so near at hand." + }, + { + "id": 16251, + "la": ",", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 16252, + "la": "Gentium nationumque quae rebellaverant, omnis numerus amplius octingentis milibus explebat; ducenta fere peditum colligebantur armis habilia, equitum novem", + "en": "The full number of the races and tribes which had rebelled reached a total of more than eight hundred thousand. About two hundred thousand infantry trained to arms, and nine thousand cavalry were being assembled." + }, + { + "id": 16253, + "la": "Cuius immensae multitudinis, parentis acerrimis ac peritissimis ducibus, pars petere Italiam decreverat iunctam sibi Nauporti ac Tergestis confinio, pars in Macedoniam se effuderat, pars suis sedibus praesidium esse destinaverat", + "en": "Of this immense number, which acted under the orders of energetic and capable generals, one portion had decided to make Italy its goal, which was connected with them by the line of Nauportum and Tergeste, a second had already poured into Macedonia, while a third had set itself the task of protecting their own territories." + }, + { + "id": 16254, + "la": "Maxima duobus Batonibus ac Pinneti ducibus auctoritas erat", + "en": "The chief authority rested with the two Batones and Pinnes as generals." + }, + { + "id": 16255, + "la": "Omnibus autem Pannoniis non disciplinae tantummodo, sed linguae quoque notitia Romanae, plerisque etiam litterarum usus et familiaris animorum erat exercitatio", + "en": "Now all the Pannonians possessed not only a knowledge of Roman discipline but also of the Roman tongue, many also had some measure of literary culture, and the exercise of the intellect was not uncommon among them." + }, + { + "id": 16256, + "la": "Itaque hercules nulla umquam natio tam mature consilio belli bellum iunxit ac decreta patravit", + "en": "And so it came to pass, by Hercules, that no nation ever displayed such swiftness in following up with war its own plans for war, and in putting its resolves into execution." + }, + { + "id": 16257, + "la": "Oppressi cives Romani, trucidati negotiatores, magnus vexillariorum numerus ad internecionem ea in regione, quae plurimum ab imperatore aberat, caesus, occupata armis Macedonia, omnia et in omnibus locis igni ferroque vastata", + "en": "Roman citizens were overpowered, traders were massacred, a considerable detachment of veterans, stationed in the region which was most remote from the commander, was exterminated to a man, Macedonia was seized by armed forces, everywhere was wholesale devastation by fire and sword." + }, + { + "id": 16258, + "la": "Quin etiam tantus huius belli metus fuit, ut stabilem illum et firmatum tantorum bellorum experientia Caesaris Augusti animum quateret atque terreret", + "en": "Moreover, such a panic did this war inspire that even the courage of Caesar Augustus, rendered steady and firm by experience in so many wars, was shaken with fear." + }, + { + "id": 16259, + "la": "Habiti itaque dilectus, revocati undique et omnes veterani, viri feminaeque ex censu libertinum coactae dare militem", + "en": "Accordingly levies were held, from every quarter all the veterans were recalled to the standards, men and women were compelled, in proportion to their income, to furnish freedmen as soldiers." + }, + { + "id": 16260, + "la": "Audita in senatu vox principis, decimo die, ni caveretur, posse hostem in urbis Romae venire conspectum", + "en": "Men heard Augustus say in the senate, that, unless precautions were taken, the enemy might appear in sight of Rome within ten days." + }, + { + "id": 16261, + "la": "Senatorum equitumque Romanorum exactae ad id bellum operae, pollicitati", + "en": "The services of senators and knights were demanded for this war, and promised." + }, + { + "id": 16262, + "la": "Omnia haec frustra praeparassemus, nisi qui illa regeret fuisset", + "en": "All these our preparations would have been vain had we not had the man to take command." + }, + { + "id": 16263, + "la": "Itaque ut praesidium ultimum res publica ab Augusto ducem in bellum poposcit Tiberium", + "en": "And so, as a final measure of protection, the state demanded from Augustus that Tiberius should conduct the war." + }, + { + "id": 16264, + "la": "Habuit in hoc quoque bello mediocritas nostra speciosi ministerii locum", + "en": "In this war also my modest abilities had an opportunity for glorious service." + }, + { + "id": 16265, + "la": "Finita equestri militia designatus quaestor necdum senator aequatus senatoribus, etiam designatis tribunis plebei, partem exercitus ab urbe traditi ab Augusto perduxi ad filium eius", + "en": "I was now, at the end of my service in the cavalry, quaestor designate, and though not yet a senator I was placed upon a parity with senators and even tribunes elect, and led from the city to Tiberius a portion of the army which was entrusted to me by Augustus." + }, + { + "id": 16266, + "la": "In quaestura deinde remissa sorte provinciae legatus eiusdem ad eundem missus sum", + "en": "Then in my quaestorship, giving up my right to have a province allotted me, I was sent to Tiberius as legates Augusti" + }, + { + "id": 16267, + "la": "Quas nos primo anno acies hostium vidimus! Quantis prudentia ducis opportunitatibus furentes eorum vires universas elusimus, fudimus partibus! Quanto cum temperamento simul civilitatis res auctoritate imperatoria agi vidimus! Qua prudentia hiberna disposita sunt! Quanto opere inclusus custodiis exercitus nostri, ne qua posset erumpere inopsque copiarum et intra se furens viribus hostis elanguesceret!", + "en": "What armies of the enemy did we see drawn up for battle in that first year! What opportunities did we avail ourselves of through the foresight of the general to evade their united forces and rout them in separate divisions! With what moderation and kindness did we see all the business of warfare conducted, though under the authority of a military commander! With what judgement did he place our winter camps! How carefully was the enemy so blockaded by the outposts of our army that he could nowhere break through, and that, through lack of supplies and by disaffection within his own ranks, he might gradually be weakened in strength!" + }, + { + "id": 16268, + "la": "Felix eventu, forte conatu prima aestate belli Messalini opus mandandum est memoriae", + "en": "An exploit of Messalinus in the first summer of the war, fortunate in its issue as it was bold in undertaking, must here be recorded for posterity." + }, + { + "id": 16269, + "la": "Qui vir animo etiam quam gente nobilior dignissimusque, qui et patrem Corvinum habuisset et cognomen suum Cottae fratri relinqueret, praepositus Illyrico subita rebellione cum semiplena legione vicesima circumdatus hostili exercitu amplius viginti milia fudit fugavitque et ob id ornamentis triumphalibus honoratus est", + "en": "This man, who was even more noble in heart than in birth, and thoroughly worthy of having had Corvinus as his father, and of leaving his cognomen to his brother Cotta, was in command in Illyricum, and, at the sudden outbreak of the rebellion, finding himself surrounded by the army of the enemy and supported by only the twentieth legion, and that at but half its normal strength, he routed and put to flight more than twenty thousand, and for this was honoured with the ornaments of a triumph." + }, + { + "id": 16270, + "la": "Ita placebat barbaris numerus suus, ita fiducia virium, ut ubicumque Caesar esset, nihil in se reponerent", + "en": "The barbarians were so little satisfied with their numbers and had so little confidence in their own strength that they had no faith in themselves where Caesar was." + }, + { + "id": 16271, + "la": "Pars exercitus eorum, proposita ipsi duci et ad arbitrium utilitatemque nostram macerata perductaque ad exitiabilem famem, neque instantem sustinere neque cum facientibus copiam pugnandi derigentibusque aciem ausa congredi occupato monte Claudio munitione se defendit", + "en": "The part of their army which faced the commander himself, worn down according as it suited our pleasure or advantage, and reduced to the verge of destruction by famine, not daring to withstand him when he took the offensive, nor to meet our men when they gave them an opportunity for fighting and drew up their line of battle, occupied the Claudian mountaina and defended itself behind fortifications." + }, + { + "id": 16272, + "la": "At ea pars, quae obviam se effuderat exercitui, quem A Caecina et Silvanus Plautius consulares ex transmarinis adducebant provinciis, circumfusa quinque legionibus nostris auxiliaribusque et equitatui regio (quippe magnam Thracum manum iunctus praedictis ducibus Rhoemetalces, Thraciae rex, in adiutorium eius belli secum trahebat) paene exitiabilem omnibus cladem intulit: fusa regiorum equestris acies, fugatae alae, conversae cohortes sunt, apud signa quoque legionum trepidatum", + "en": "But the division of their forces which had swarmed out to meet the army which the consulars Aulus Caecina and Silvanus Plautius were bringing up from the provinces across the sea, surrounded five of our legions, together with the troops of our allies and the cavalry of the king (for Rhoemetalces, king of Thrace, in conjunction with the aforesaid generals was bringing with him a large body of Thracians as reinforcements for the war), and inflicted a disaster that came near being fatal to all. The horsemen of the king were routed, the cavalry of the allies put to flight, the cohorts turned their backs to the enemy, and the panic extended even to the standards of the legion." + }, + { + "id": 16273, + "la": "Sed Romani virtus militis plus eo tempore vindicavit gloriae quam ducibus reliquit, qui multum a more imperatoris sui discrepantes ante in hostem inciderunt, quam per exploratores, ubi hostis esset, cognoscerent", + "en": "But in this crisis the valour of the Roman soldier claimed for itself a greater share of glory than it left to the generals, who, departing far from the policy of their commander, had allowed themselves to come into contact with the enemy before they had learned through their scouts where the enemy was." + }, + { + "id": 16274, + "la": "Iam igitur in dubiis rebus semet ipsae legiones adhortatae, iugulatis ab hoste quibusdam tribunis militum, interempto praefecto castrorum praefectisque cohortium, non incruentis centurionibus, e quibus etiam primi ordinis cecidere, invasere hostes nec sustinuisse contenti perrupta eorum acie ex insperato victoriam vindicaverunt", + "en": "At this critical moment, when some tribunes of the soldiers had been slain by the enemy, the prefect of the camp and several prefects of cohorts had been cut off, a number of centurions had been wounded, and even some of the centurions of the first rank had fallen, the legions, shouting encouragement to each other, fell upon the enemy, and not content with sustaining their onslaught, broke through their line and wrested a victory from a desperate plight." + }, + { + "id": 16275, + "la": "Hoc fere tempore Agrippa, qui eodem die quo Tiberius adoptatus ab avo suo naturali erat et iam ante biennium, qualis esset, apparere coeperat, mira pravitate animi atque ingenii in praecipitia conversus patris atque eiusdem avi sui animum alienavit sibi, moxque crescentibus in dies vitiis dignum furore suo habuit exitum", + "en": "About this time Agrippa, who had been adopted by his natural grandfather on the same day as Tiberius, and had already, two years before, begun to reveal his true character, alienated from himself the affection of his father and grandfather,a falling into reckless ways by a strange depravity of mind and disposition; and soon, as his vices increased daily, he met the end which his madness deserved." + }, + { + "id": 16276, + "la": "Accipe nunc, M Vinici, tantum in bello ducem, quantum in pace vides principem", + "en": "Listen now, Marcus Vinicius, to the proof that Caesar was no less great in war as a general than you now see him in peace as an emperor." + }, + { + "id": 16277, + "la": "Iunctis exercitibus, quique sub Caesare fuerant quique ad eum venerant, contractisque in una castra decem legionibus, septuaginta amplius cohortibus, decem alis et pluribus quam decem veteranorum milibus, ad hoc magno voluntariorum numero frequentique equite regio, tanto denique exercitu, quantus nullo umquam loco post bella fuerat civilia, omnes eo ipso laeti erant maximamque fiduciam victoriae in numero reponebant", + "en": "When the two armies were united, that is to say the troops which had served under Caesar and those which had come to reinforce him, and there were now gathered together in one camp ten legions, more than seventy cohorts, fourteen troops of cavalry and more than ten thousand veterans, and in addition a large number of volunteers and the numerous cavalry of the king'in a word a greater army than had ever been assembled in one place since the civil wars'all were finding satisfaction in this fact and reposed their greatest hope of victory in their numbers." + }, + { + "id": 16278, + "la": "At imperator, optimus eorum quae agebat iudex et utilia speciosis praeferens quodque semper eum facientem vidi in omnibus bellis, quae probanda essent, non quae utique probarentur sequens, paucis diebus exercitum, qui venerat, ad refovendas ex itinere eius vires moratus, cum eum maiorem, quam ut temperari posset, neque habilem gubernaculo cerneret, dimittere statuit; prosecutusque longo et perquam laborioso itinere, cuius difficultas narrari vix potest, ut neque universos quisquam auderet adgredi et partem digredientium, suorum quisque metu finium, universi temptare non possent, remisit eo, unde venerant, et ipse asperrimae hiemis initio regressus Sisciam legatos, inter quos ipsi fuimus, partitis praefecit hibernis", + "en": "But the general, who was the best judge of the course he pursued, preferring efficiency to show, and, as we have so often seen him doing in all his wars, following the course which deserved approval rather than that which was currently approved, after keeping the army which had newly arrived for only a few days in order to allow it to recover from the march, decided to send it away, since he saw that it was too large to be managed and was not well adapted to effective control. And so he sent it back whence it came, escorting it with his own army a long and exceedingly laborious march, whose difficulty can hardly be described. His purpose in this was, on the one hand, that no one might dare to attack his united forces, and, on the other, to prevent the united forces of the enemy from falling upon the departing division, through the apprehension of each nation for its own territory. Then returning himself to Siscia, at the beginning of a very hard winter, he placed his lieutenants, of whom I was one, in charge of the divisions of his winter quarters." + }, + { + "id": 16279, + "la": "O rem dictu non eminentem, sed solida veraque virtute atque utilitate maximam, experientia suavissimam, humanitate singularem!", + "en": "And now for a detail which in the telling may lack grandeur, but is most important by reason of the true and substantial personal qualities it reveals and also of its practical service'a thing most pleasant as an experience and remarkable for the kindness it displayed." + }, + { + "id": 16280, + "la": "Per omne belli Germanici Pannonicique tempus nemo e nobis gradumve nostrum aut praecedentibus aut sequentibus imbecillus fuit, cuius salus ac valetudo non ita sustentaretur Caesaris cura, tamquam distractissimus ille tantorum onerum mole huic uni negotio vacaret animus", + "en": "Throughout the whole period of the German and Pannonian war there was not one of us, or of those either above or below our rank, who fell ill without having his health and welfare looked after by Caesar with as much solicitude indeed as though this were the chief occupation of his mind, preoccupied though he was by his heavy responsibilities." + }, + { + "id": 16281, + "la": "Erat desiderantibus paratum iunctum vehiculum, lectica eius publicata, cuius usum cum alii tum ego sensi; iam medici, iam apparatus cibi, iam in hoc solum uni portatum instrumentum balinei nullius non succurrit valetudini; domus tantum ac domestici deerant, ceterum nihil, quod ab illis aut praestari aut desiderari posset", + "en": "There was a horsed vehicle ready for those who needed it, his own litter was at the disposal of all, and I, among others, have enjoyed its use. Now his physicians, now his kitchen, and now his bathing equipment, brought for this one purpose for himself alone, ministered to the comfort of all who were sick. All they lacked was their home and domestic servants, but nothing else that friends at home could furnish or desire for them." + }, + { + "id": 16282, + "la": "Adiciam illud, quod, quisquis illis temporibus interfuit, ut alia, quae retuli, agnoscet protinus: solus semper equo vectus est, solus cum iis, quos invitaverat, maiore parte aestivarum expeditionum cenavit sedens; non sequentibus disciplinam, quatenus exemplo non nocebatur, ignovit; admonitio frequens, interdum et castigatio, vindicta tamen rarissima, agebatque medium plurima dissimulantis, aliqua inhibentis", + "en": "Let me also add the following trait, which, like the others I have described, will be immediately recognized as true by anyone who participated in that campaign. Caesar alone of commanders was in the habit of always travelling in the saddle, and, throughout the greater portion of the summer campaign, of sitting at the table when dining with invited guests. Of those who did not imitate his own stern discipline he took no notice, in so far as no harmful precedent was thereby created. He often admonished, sometimes gave verbal reproof, but rarely punishment, and pursued the moderate course of pretending in most cases not to see things, and of administering only occasionally a reprimand." + }, + { + "id": 16283, + "la": "Hiems emolumentum patrati belli contulit, sed insequenti aestate omnis Pannonia reliquiis totius belli in Delmatia manentibus pacem petiit", + "en": "The winter brought the reward of our efforts in the termination of the war, though it was not until the following summer that all Pannonia sought peace, the remnants of the war as a whole being confined to Dalmatia." + }, + { + "id": 16284, + "la": "Ferocem illam tot milium iuventutem, paulo ante servitutem minatam Italiae, conferentem arma, quibus usa erat, apud flumen nomine Bathinum prosternentemque se universam genibus imperatoris, Batonemque et Pinnetem excelsissimos duces, captum alterum, alterum a se deditum iustis voluminibus ordine narrabimus, ut spero", + "en": "In my complete work I hope to describe in detail how those fierce warriors, many thousand in number, who had but a short time before threatened Italy with slavery, now brought the arms they had used in rebellion and laid them down, at a river called the Bathinus, prostrating themselves one and all before the knees of the commander; and how of their two supreme commanders, Bato and Pinnes, the one was made a prisoner and the other gave himself up." + }, + { + "id": 16285, + "la": "Autumno victor in hiberna reducitur exercitus, cuius omnibus copiis a Caesare M Lepidus praefectus est, vir nomini ac fortunae Caesarum proximus, quem in quantum quisque aut cognoscere aut intellegere potuit, in tantum miratur ac diligit tantorumque nominum, quibus ortus est, ornamentum iudicat", + "en": "In the autumn the victorious army was led back to winter quarters. Caesar gave the chief command of all the forces to Marcus Lepidus, a man who in name and in fortune approaches the Caesars, whom one admires and loves the more in proportion to his opportunities to know and understand him, and whom one regards as an ornament to the great names from whom he springs." + }, + { + "id": 16286, + "la": "Caesar ad alteram belli Delmatici molem animum atque arma contulit", + "en": "Caesar then devoted his attention and his arms to his second task, the war in Dalmatia." + }, + { + "id": 16287, + "la": "In qua regione quali adiutore legatoque fratre meo Magio Celere Velleiano usus sit, ipsius patrisque eius praedicatione testatum est et amplissimorum donorum, quibus triumphans eum Caesar donavit, signat memoria", + "en": "What assistance he had in this quarter from his aide and lieutenant Magius Celer Velleianus, my brother, is attested by the words of Tiberius himself and of his father, and signalized by the record of the high decorations conferred upon him by Caesar on the occasion of his triumph." + }, + { + "id": 16288, + "la": "Initio aestatis Lepidus educto hibernis exercitu per gentis integras immunesque adhuc clade belli et eo feroces ac truces tendens ad Tiberium imperatorem et cum difficultate locorum et cum vi hostium luctatus, magna cum clade obsistentium excisis agris, exustis aedificiis, caesis viris, laetus victoria praedaque onustus pervenit ad Caesarem, et ob ea, quae si propriis gessisset auspiciis, triumphare debuerat, ornamentis triumphalibus consentiente cum iudicio principum voluntate senatus donatus est", + "en": "In the beginning of summer Lepidus led his army out of winter quarters, in an effort to make his way to Tiberius the commander, through the midst of races that were as yet unaffected and untouched by the disasters of war and therefore still fierce and warlike; after a struggle in which he had to contend with the difficulties of the country as well as the attacks of the enemy, and after inflicting great loss on those who barred his way, by the devastation of fields, burning of houses, and slaying of the inhabitants, he succeeded in reaching Caesar, rejoicing in victory and laden with booty. For these feats, for which, if they had been performed under his own auspices he would properly have received a triumph, he was granted the ornaments of a triumph, the wish of the senate endorsing the recommendation of the Caesars." + }, + { + "id": 16289, + "la": "Illa aestas maximi belli consummavit effectus: quippe Perustae et Desidiates Delmatae, situ locorum ac montium, ingeniorum ferocia, mira etiam pugnandi scientia et praecipue angustiis saltuum paene inexpugnabiles, non iam ductu, sed manibus atque armis ipsius Caesaris tum demum pacati sunt, cum paene funditus eversi forent", + "en": "This campaign brought the momentous war to a successful conclusion; for the Perustae and Desiadates, Dalmatian tribes, who were almost unconquerable on account of the position of their strongholds in the mountains, their warlike temper, their wonderful knowledge of fighting, and, above all, the narrow passes in which they lived, were then at last pacified, not now under the mere generalship, but by the armed prowess of Caesar himself, and then only when they were almost entirely exterminated." + }, + { + "id": 16290, + "la": "Nihil in hoc tanto bello, nihil in Germania aut videre maius aut mirari magis potui, quam quod imperatori numquam adeo ulla opportuna visa est victoriae occasio, quam damno amissi pensaret militis semperque visum est gloriosissimum, quod esset tutissimum, et ante conscientiae quam famae consultum nec umquam consilia ducis iudicio exercitus, sed exercitus providentia ducis rectus est", + "en": "Nothing in the course of this great war, nothing in the campaigns in Germany, came under my observation that was greater, or that aroused my admiration more, than these traits of its general; no chance of winning a victory ever seemed to him timely, which he would have to purchase by the sacrifice of his soldiers; the safest course was always regarded by him as the best; he consulted his conscience first and then his reputation, and, finally, the plans of the commander were never governed by the opinion of the army, but rather the army by the wisdom of its leader." + }, + { + "id": 16291, + "la": "Magna in bello Delmatico experimenta virtutis in incultos ac difficilis locos praemissus Germanicus dedit;", + "en": "In the Dalmatian war Germanicus, who had been dispatched in advance of the commander to regions both wild and difficult, gave great proof of his valour." + }, + { + "id": 16292, + "la": "celebri etiam opera diligentique Vibius Postumus vir consularis, praepositus Delmatiae, ornamenta meruit triumphalia: quem honorem ante paucos annos Passienus et Cossus, viri quamquam diversis virtutibus celebres, in Africa meruerant", + "en": "By his repeated services and careful vigilance the governor of Dalmatia, Vibius Postumus the consular, also earned the ornaments of a triumph. A few years before this honour had been earned in Africa by Passienus and Cossus, both celebrated men, though not alike in merit." + }, + { + "id": 16293, + "la": "Sed Cossus victoriae testimonium etiam in cognomen filii contulit, adulescentis in omnium virtutum exempla geniti", + "en": "Cossus passed on to his son, a young man born to exhibit every variety of excellence, a cognomen that still testifies to his victory." + }, + { + "id": 16294, + "la": "At Postumi operum L Apronius particeps illa quoque militia eos, quos mox consecutus est, honores excellenti virtute meruit", + "en": "And Lucius Apronius, who shared in the achievements of Postumus, earned by the distinguished valour which he displayed in this campaign also, the honours which he actually won shortly afterwards." + }, + { + "id": 16295, + "la": "Utinam non maioribus experimentis testatum esset, quantum in omni re fortuna posset! Sed in hoc quoque genere abunde agnosci vis eius potest", + "en": "Would that it had not been demonstrated, by greater proofs, how mighty an influence fortune wields in all things; yet even here her power can be recognized by abundant examples." + }, + { + "id": 16296, + "la": "Nam et Aelius Lamia, vir antiquissimi moris et priscam gravitatem semper humanitate temperans, in Germania Illyricoque et mox in Africa splendidissimis functus ministeriis, non merito, sed materia adipiscendi triumphalia defectus est, et A Licinius Nerva Silianus, P Silii filius, quem virum ne qui intellexit quidem abunde miratus est, in eo nihil non optimo civi simplicissimo duci superesse praeferens, inmatura morte et fructu amplissimae principis amicitiae et consummatione evectae in altissimum paternumque fastigium imaginis defectus est", + "en": "For instance, Aelius Lamia, a man of the older type, who always tempered his old-fashioned dignity by a spirit of kindliness, had performed splendid service in Germany and Illyricum, and was soon to do so in Africa, but failed to receive triumphal honours, not through any fault of his, but through lack of opportunity; and Aulus Licinius Nerva Silianus, the son of Publius Silius, a man who was not adequately praised even by the friend who knew him best, when he declared that there were no qualities which he did not possess in the highest degree, whether as an excellent citizen or as an honest commander, through his untimely death failed not only to reap the fruit of his close friendship with the emperor but also to realize that lofty conception of his powers which had been inspired by his fathers eminence." + }, + { + "id": 16297, + "la": "Horum virorum mentioni si quis quaesisse me dicet locum, fatentem arguet; neque enim iustus sine mendacio candor apud bonos crimini est", + "en": "If anyone shall say that I have gone out of my way to mention these men, his criticism will meet no denial. In the sight of honest men fair-minded candour without misrepresentation is no crime." + }, + { + "id": 16298, + "la": "Tantum quod ultimam imposuerat Pannonico ac Delmatico bello Caesar manum, cum intra quinque consummati tanti operis dies funestae ex Germania epistulae nuntium attulere caesi Vari trucidatarumque legionum trium totidemque alarum et sex cohortium, velut in hoc saltem tantummodo indulgente nobis fortuna, ne occupato duce tanta clades inferretur", + "en": "Scarcely had Caesar put the finishing touch upon the Pannonian and Dalmatian war, when, within five days of the completion of this task, dispatches from Germany brought the baleful news of the death of Varus,a and of the slaughter of three legions, of as many divisions of cavalry, and of six cohorts'as though fortune were granting us this indulgence at least, that such a disaster should not be brought upon us when our commander was occupied by other wars." + }, + { + "id": 16299, + "la": "Sed et causa et persona moram exigit", + "en": "The cause of this defeat and the personality of the general require of me a brief digression." + }, + { + "id": 16300, + "la": "Varus Quintilius inlustri magis quam nobili ortus familia, vir ingenio mitis, moribus quietus, ut corpore, ita animo immobilior, otio magis castrorum quam bellicae adsuetus militiae, pecuniae vero quam non contemptor, Syria, cui praefuerat, declaravit, quam pauper divitem ingressus dives pauperem reliquit; is cum exercitui, qui erat in Germania, praeesset, concepit esse homines, qui nihil praeter vocem membraque haberent hominum, quique gladiis domari non poterant, posse iure mulceri", + "en": "Varus Quintilius, descended from a famous rather than a high-born family, was a man of mild character and of a quiet disposition, somewhat slow in mind as he was in body, and more accustomed to the leisure of the camp than to actual service in war. That he was no despiser of money is demonstrated by his governorship of Syria: he entered the rich province a poor man, but left it a rich man and the province poor. When placed in charge of the army in Germany, he entertained the notion that the Germans were a people who were men only in limbs and voice, and that they, who could not be subdued by the sword, could be soothed by the law." + }, + { + "id": 16301, + "la": "Quo proposito mediam ingressus Germaniam velut inter viros pacis gaudentes dulcedine iurisdictionibus agendoque pro tribunali ordine trahebat aestiva", + "en": "With this purpose in mind he entered the heart of Germany as though he were going among a people enjoying the blessings of peace, and sitting on his tribunal he wasted the time of a summer campaign in holding court and observing the proper details of legal procedure." + }, + { + "id": 16302, + "la": "At illi, quod nisi expertus vix credat, in summa feritate versutissimi natumque mendacio genus, simulantes fictas litium series et nunc provocantes alter alterum in iurgia, nunc agentes gratias quod ea Romana iustitia finiret feritasque sua novitate incognitae disciplinae mitesceret et solita armis discerni iure terminarentur, in summam socordiam perduxere Quintilium, usque eo, ut se praetorem urbanum in foro ius dicere, non in mediis Germaniae finibus exercitui praeesse crederet", + "en": "But the Germans, who with their great ferocity combine great craft, to an extent scarcely credible to one who has had no experience with them, and are a race to lying born, by trumping up a series of fictitious lawsuits, now provoking one another to disputes, and now expressing their gratitude that Roman justice was settling these disputes, that their own barbarous nature was being softened down by this new and hitherto unknown method, and that quarrels which were usually settled by arms were now being ended by law, brought Quintilius to such a complete degree of negligence, that he came to look upon himself as a city praetor administering justice in the forum, and not a general in command of an army in the heart of Germany." + }, + { + "id": 16303, + "la": "Tum iuvenis genere nobilis, manu fortis, sensu celer, ultra barbarum promptus ingenio, nomine Arminius, Sigimeri principis gentis eius filius, ardorem animi vultu oculisque praeferens, adsiduus militiae nostrae prioris comes, iure etiam civitatis Romanae decus equestris consecutus gradus, segnitia ducis in occasionem sceleris usus est, haud imprudenter speculatus neminem celerius opprimi, quam qui nihil timeret, et frequentissimum initium esse calamitatis securitatem", + "en": "Thereupon appeared a young man of noble birth, brave in action and alert in mind, possessing an intelligence quite beyond the ordinary barbarian; he was, namely, Arminius, the son of Sigimer, a prince of that nation, and he showed in his countenance and in his eyes the fire of the mind within. He had been associated with us constantly on previous campaigns, had been granted the right of Roman citizenship, and had even attained the dignity of equestrian rank. This young man made use of the negligence of the general as an opportunity for treachery, sagaciously seeing that no one could be more quickly overpowered than the man who feared nothing, and that the most common beginning of disaster was a sense of security." + }, + { + "id": 16304, + "la": "Primo igitur paucos, mox pluris in societatem consilii recepti; opprimi posse Romanos et dicit et persuadet, decretis facta iungit, tempus insidiarum constituit", + "en": "At first, then, he admitted but a few, later a large number, to a share in his design; he told them, and convinced them too, that the Romans could be crushed, added execution to resolve, and named a day for carrying out the plot." + }, + { + "id": 16305, + "la": "Id Varo per virum eius gentis fidelem clarique nominis, Segesten, indicatur Postulabat etiam vinciri socios", + "en": "This was disclosed to Varus through Segestes, a loyal man of that race and of illustrious name, who also demanded that the conspirators be put in chains." + }, + { + "id": 16306, + "la": "Sed praevalebant iam fata consiliis omnemque animi eius aciem praestrinxerant2: quippe ita se res habet, ut plerumque cuius fortunam mutaturus est deus, consilia corrumpat efficiatque, quod miserrimum est, ut, quod accidit, etiam merito accidisse videatur et casus in culpam transeat", + "en": "But fate now dominated the plans of Varus and had blindfolded the eyes of his mind. Indeed, it is usually the case that heaven perverts the judgement of the man whose fortune it means to reverse, and brings it to pass'and this is the wretched part of it'that that which happens by chance seems to be deserved, and accident passes over into culpability." + }, + { + "id": 16307, + "la": "Negat itaque se credere speciemque in se benevolentiae ex merito aestimare profitetur", + "en": "And so Quintilius refused to believe the story, and insisted upon judging the apparent friendship of the Germans toward him by the standard of his merit." + }, + { + "id": 16308, + "la": "Nec diutius post primum indicem secundo relictus locus", + "en": "And, after this first warning, there was no time left for a second." + }, + { + "id": 16309, + "la": "Ordinem atrocissimae calamitatis, qua nulla post Crassi in Parthis damnum in externis gentibus gravior Romanis fuit, iustis voluminibus ut alii, ita nos conabimur exponere: nunc summa deflenda est", + "en": "The details of this terrible calamity, the heaviest that had befallen the Romans on foreign soil since the disaster of Crassus in Parthia, I shall endeavour to set forth, as others have done, in my larger work." + }, + { + "id": 16310, + "la": "Exercitus omnium fortissimus, disciplina, manu experientiaque bellorum inter Romanos milites princeps, marcore ducis, perfidia hostis, iniquitate fortunae circumventus, cum ne pugnandi quidem egrediendive occasio nisi inique, nec in quantum voluerant, data esset immunis, castigatis etiam quibusdam gravi poena, quia Romanis et armis et animis usi fuissent, inclusus silvis, paludibus, insidiis ab eo hoste ad internecionem trucidatus est, quem ita semper more pecudum trucidaverat, ut vitam aut mortem eius nunc ira nunc venia temperaret", + "en": "Here I can merely lament the disaster as a whole. An army unexcelled in bravery, the first of Roman armies in discipline, in energy, and in experience in the field, through the negligence of its general, the perfidy of the enemy, and the unkindness of fortune was surrounded, nor was as much opportunity as they had wished given to the soldiers either of fighting or of extricating themselves, except against heavy odds; nay, some were even heavily chastised for using the arms and showing the spirit of Romans. Hemmed in by forests and marshes and ambuscades, it was exterminated almost to a man by the very enemy whom it had always slaughtered like cattle, whose life or death had depended solely upon the wrath or the pity of the Romans." + }, + { + "id": 16311, + "la": "Duci plus ad moriendum quam ad pugnandum animi fuit: quippe paterni avitique successor exempli se ipse transfixit", + "en": "The general had more courage to die than to fight, for, following the example of his fathera and grandfather, he ran himself through with his sword." + }, + { + "id": 16312, + "la": "At e praefectis castrorum duobus quam clarum exemplum L Eggius, tam turpe Ceionius prodidit, qui, cum longe maximam partem absumpsisset acies, auctor deditionis supplicio quam proelio mori maluit", + "en": "Of the two prefects of the camp, Lucius Eggius furnished a precedent as noble as that of Ceionius was base, who, after the greater part of the army had perished, proposed its surrender, preferring to die by torture at the hands of the enemy than in battle." + }, + { + "id": 16313, + "la": "At Vala Numonius, legatus Vari, cetera quietus ac probus, diri auctor exempli, spoliatum equite peditem relinquens fuga cum alis Rhenum petere ingressus est", + "en": "Vala Numonius, lieutenant of Varus, who, in the rest of his life, had been an inoffensive and an honourable man, also set a fearful example in that he left the infantry unprotected by the cavalry and in flight tried to reach the Rhine with his squadrons of horse." + }, + { + "id": 16314, + "la": "Quod factum eius fortuna ulta est; non enim desertis superfuit, sed desertor occidit", + "en": "But fortune avenged his act, for he did not survive those whom he had abandoned, but died in the act of deserting them." + }, + { + "id": 16315, + "la": "Vari corpus semiustum hostilis laceraverat feritas; caput eius abscisum latumque ad Maroboduum et ab eo missum ad Caesarem gentilicii tamen tumuli sepultura honoratum est", + "en": "The body of Varus, partially burned, was mangled by the enemy in their barbarity; his head was cut off and taken to Maroboduus and was sent by him to Caesar; but in spite of the disaster it was honoured by burial in the tomb of his family." + }, + { + "id": 16316, + "la": "His auditis revolat ad patrem Caesar; perpetuus patronus Romani imperii adsuetam sibi causam suscipit", + "en": "On hearing of this disaster, Caesar flew to his fathers side. The constant protector of the Roman empire again took up his accustomed part." + }, + { + "id": 16317, + "la": "Mittitur ad Germaniam, Gallias confirmat, disponit exercitus, praesidia munit et se magnitudine sua, non fiducia hostis metiens, qui Cimbricam Teutonicamque militiam Italiae minabatur, ultro Rhenum cum exercitu transgreditur", + "en": "Dispatched to Germany, he reassured the provinces of Gaul, distributed his armies, strengthened the garrison towns, and then, measuring himself by the standard of his own greatness, and not by the presumption of an enemy who threatened Italy with a war like that of the Cimbri and Teutones, he took the offensive and crossed the Rhine with his army." + }, + { + "id": 16318, + "la": "Arma infert hosti quem arcuisse pater et patria contenti erant; penetrat interius, aperit limites, vastat agros, urit domos, fundit obvios maximaque cum gloria, incolumi omnium, quos transduxerat, numero in hiberna revertitur", + "en": "He thus made aggressive war upon the enemy when his father and his country would have been content to let him hold them in check, he penetrated into the heart of the country, opened up military roads, devastated fields, burned houses, routed those who came against him, and, without loss to the troops with which he had crossed, he returned, covered with glory, to winter quarters." + }, + { + "id": 16319, + "la": "Reddatur verum L Asprenati testimonium, qui legatus sub avunculo suo Varo militans gnava virilique opera duarum legionum, quibus praeerat, exercitum immunem tanta calamitate servavit matureque ad inferiora hiberna descendendo vacillantium etiam cis Rhenum sitarum gentium animos confirmavit", + "en": "Due tribute should be paid to Lucius Asprenas, who was serving as lieutenant under Varus his uncle, and who, backed by the brave and energetic support of the two legions under his command, saved his army from this great disaster, and by a quick descent to the quarters of the army in Lower Germany strengthened the allegiance of the races even on the hither side of the Rhine who were beginning to waver." + }, + { + "id": 16320, + "la": "Sunt tamen, qui ut vivos ab eo vindicatos, ita iugulatorum sub Varo occupata crediderint patrimonia hereditatemque occisi exercitus, in quantum voluerit, ab eo aditam", + "en": "There are those, however, who believed that, though he had saved the lives of the living, he had appropriated to his own use the property of the dead who were slain with Varus, and that inheritances of the slaughtered army were claimed by him at pleasure." + }, + { + "id": 16321, + "la": "L etiam Caedicii praefecti castrorum eorumque, qui una circumdati Alisone immensis Germanorum copiis obsidebantur, laudanda virtus est, qui omnibus difficultatibus superatis, quas inopia rerum intolerabilis, vis hostium faciebat inexsuperabilis, nec temerario consilio nec segni providentia usi speculatique opportunitatem ferro sibi ad suos peperere reditum", + "en": "The valour of Lucius Caedicius, prefect of the camp, also deserves praise, and of those who, pent up with him at Aliso, were besieged by an immense force of Germans. For, overcoming all their difficulties which want rendered unendurable and the forces of the enemy almost insurmountable, following a. design that was carefully considered, and using a vigilance that was ever on the alert, they watched their chance, and with the sword won their way back to their friends." + }, + { + "id": 16322, + "la": "Ex quo apparet Varum, sane gravem et bonae voluntatis virum, magis imperatoris defectum consilio quam virtute destitutum militum se magnificentissimumque perdidisse exercitum", + "en": "From all this it is evident that Varus, who was, it must be confessed, a man of character and of good intentions, lost his life and his magnificent army more through lack of judgement in the commander than of valour in his soldiers." + }, + { + "id": 16323, + "la": "Cum in captivos saeviretur a Germanis, praeclari facinoris auctor fuit Caldus Caelius, adulescens vetustate familiae suae dignissimus, qui complexus catenarum, quibus vinctus erat, seriem, ita illas inlisit capiti suo, ut protinus pariter sanguinis cerebrique effluvio expiraret", + "en": "When the Germans were venting their rage upon their captives, an heroic act was performed by Caldus Caelius, a young man worthy in every way of his long line of ancestors, who, seizing a section of the chain with which he was bound, brought it down with such force upon his own head as to cause his instant death, both his brains and his blood gushing from the wound." + }, + { + "id": 16324, + "la": "Eadem virtus et fortuna subsequenti tempore ingressi Germaniam imperatoris Tiberii fuit, quae initio fuerat", + "en": "Tiberius showed the same valour, and was attended by the same fortune, when he entered Germany on his later campaigns as in his first." + }, + { + "id": 16325, + "la": "Qui concussis hostium viribus classicis peditumque expeditionibus, cum res Galliarum maximae molis accensasque plebis Viennensium dissensiones coercitione magis quam poena mollisset, senatus populusque Romanus postulante patre eius, ut aequum ei ius in omnibus provinciis exercitibusque esset, quam erat ipsi, decreto complexus est", + "en": "After he had broken the force of the enemy by his expeditions on sea and land, had completed his difficult task in Gaul, and had settled by restraint rather than by punishment the dissensions that had broken out among the Viennenses, at the request of his father that he should have in all the provinces and armies a power equal to his own, the senate and Roman people so decreed." + }, + { + "id": 16326, + "la": "Etenim absurdum erat non esse sub illo, quae ab illo vindicabantur, et qui ad opem ferendam primus erat, ad vindicandum honorem non iudicari parem", + "en": "For indeed it was incongruous that the provinces which were being defended by him should not be under his jurisdiction, and that he who was foremost in bearing aid should not be considered an equal in the honour to be won." + }, + { + "id": 16327, + "la": "In urbem reversus iam pridem debitum, sed continuatione bellorum dilatum ex Pannoniis Delmatisque egit triumphum", + "en": "On his return to the city he celebrated the triumph over the Pannonians and Dalmatians, long since due him, but postponed by reason of a succession of wars." + }, + { + "id": 16328, + "la": "Cuius magnificentiam quis miretur in Caesare? Fortunae vero quis non miretur indulgentiam? Quippe omnis eminentissimos hostium duces non occisos fama narravit, sed vinctos triumphus ostendit;", + "en": "Who can be surprised at its magnificence, since it was the triumph of Caesar? Yet who can fail to wonder at the kindness of fortune to him? For the most eminent leaders of the enemy were not slain in battle, that report should tell thereof, but were taken captive, so that in his triumph he exhibited them in chains." + }, + { + "id": 16329, + "la": "quem mihi fratrique meo inter praecipuos praecipuisque donis adornatos viros comitari contigit", + "en": "It was my lot and that of my brother to participate in this triumph among the men of distinguished rank and those who were decorated with distinguished honours." + }, + { + "id": 16330, + "la": "Quis non inter reliqua, quibus singularis moderatio Ti Caesaris elucet atque eminet, hoc quoque miretur, quod, cum sine ulla dubitatione septem triumphos meruerit, tribus contentus fuit1? Quis enim dubitare potest, quin ex Armenia recepta et ex rege praeposito ei, cuius capiti insigne regium sua manu imposuerat, ordinatisque rebus Orientis ovans triumphare debuerit, et Vindelicorum Raetorumque victor curru urbem ingredi? Fractis deinde post adoptionem continua triennii militia Germaniae viribus idem illi honor et deferendus et recipiendus fuerit? Et post cladem sub Varo acceptam, expectato ocius prosperrimo rerum eventu eadem excisa Germania triumphus summi ducis adornari debuerit? Sed in hoc viro nescias utrum magis mireris quod laborum periculorumque semper excessit modum an quod honorum temperavit", + "en": "Among the other acts of Tiberius Caesar, wherein his remarkable moderation shines forth conspicuously, who does not wonder at this also, that, although he unquestionably earned seven triumphs, he was satisfied with three? For who can doubt that, when he had recovered Armenia, had placed over it a king upon whose head he had with his own hand set the mark of royalty, and had put in order the affairs of the east, he ought to have received an ovation; and that after his conquest of the Vindelici and the Raeti he should have entered the city as victor in a triumphal chariot? Or that, after his adoption, when he had broken the power of the Germans in three consecutive campaigns, the same honour should have been bestowed upon him and should have been accepted by him? And that, after the disaster received under Varus, when this same Germany was crushed by a course of events which, sooner than was expected, came to a happy issue, the honour of a triumph should have been awarded to this consummate general? But, in the case of this man, one does not know which to admire the more, that in courting toils and danger he went beyond all bounds or that in accepting honours he kept within them." + }, + { + "id": 16331, + "la": "Venitur ad tempus, in quo fuit plurimum metus", + "en": "We now come to the crisis which was awaited with the greatest foreboding." + }, + { + "id": 16332, + "la": "Quippe Caesar Augustus cum Germanicum nepotem suum reliqua belli patraturum misisset in Germaniam, Tiberium autem filium missurus esset in Illyricum ad firmanda pace quae bello subegerat, prosequens eum simulque interfuturus athletarum certaminis ludicro, quod eius honori sacratum a Neapolitanis est, processit in Campaniam", + "en": "Augustus Caesar had dispatched his grandson Germanicus to Germany to put an end to such traces of the war as still remained, and was on the point of sending his son Tiberius to Illyricum to strengthen by peace the regions he had subjugated in war. With the double purpose of escorting him on his way, and of being present at an athletic contest which the Neapolitans had established in his honour, he set out for Campania." + }, + { + "id": 16333, + "la": "Quamquam iam motus imbecillitatis inclinataeque in deterius principia valetudinis senserat, tamen obnitente vi animi prosecutus filium digressusque ab eo Beneventi ipse Nolam petiit: et ingravescente in dies valetudine, cum sciret, quis volenti omnia post se salva remanere accersendus foret, festinanter revocavit filium; ille ad patrem patriae expectato revolavit maturius", + "en": "Although he had already experienced symptoms of growing weakness and of a change in his health for the worse, his strong will resisted his infirmity and he accompanied his son. Parting from him at Beneventum he went to Nola. As his health grew daily worse, and he knew full well for whom he must send if he wished to leave everything secure behind him, he sent in haste for his son to return. Tiberius hurried back and reached the side of the father of his country before he was even expected." + }, + { + "id": 16334, + "la": "Tum securum se Augustus praedicans circumfususque amplexibus Tiberii sui, commendans illi sua atque ipsius opera nec quidquam iam de fine, si fata poscerent, recusans, subrefectus primo conspectu alloquioque carissimi sibi spiritus, mox, cum omnem curam fata vincerent, in sua resolutus initia Pompeio Apuleioque consulibus septuagesimo et sexto anno animam caelestem caelo reddidit", + "en": "Then Augustus, asserting that his mind was now at ease, and, with the arms of his beloved Tiberius about him, commending to him the continuation of their joint work, expressed his readiness to meet the end if the fates should call him. He revived a little at seeing Tiberius and at hearing the voice of one so dear to him, but, ere long, since no care could withstand the fates, in his seventy-sixth year, in the consulship of Pompeius and Apuleiusa he was resolved into the elements from which he sprang and yielded up to heaven his divine soul." + }, + { + "id": 16335, + "la": "Quid tunc homines timuerint, quae senatus trepidatio, quae populi confusio, quis urbis metus, in quam arto salutis exitiique fuerimus confinio, neque mihi tam festinanti exprimere vacat neque cui vacat potest", + "en": "Of the misgivings of mankind at this time, the trepidation of the senate, the confusion of the people, the fears of the city, of the narrow margin between safety and ruin on which we then found ourselves, I have no time to tell as I hasten on my way, nor could he tell who had the time." + }, + { + "id": 16336, + "la": "Id solum voce publica dixisse satis habeo: cuius orbis ruinam timueramus, eum ne commotum quidem sensimus, tantaque unius viri maiestas fuit, ut nec pro bonis neque contra malos opus armis foret", + "en": "Suffice it for me to voice the common utterance: The world whose ruin we had feared we found not even disturbed, and such was the majesty of one man that there was no need of arms either to defend the good or to restrain the bad." + }, + { + "id": 16337, + "la": "Una tamen veluti luctatio civitatis fuit, pugnantis cum Caesare senatus populique Romani, ut stationi paternae succederet, illius, ut potius aequalem civem quam eminentem liceret agere principem", + "en": "There was, however, in one respect what might be called a struggle in the state, as, namely, the senate and the Roman people wrestled with Caesar to induce him to succeed to the position of his father, while he on his side strove for permission to play the part of a citizen on a parity with the rest rather than that of an emperor over all." + }, + { + "id": 16338, + "la": "Tandem magis ratione quam honore victus est, cum quidquid tuendum non suscepisset, periturum videret, solique huic contigit paene diutius recusare principatum, quam, ut occuparent eum, alii armis pugnaverant", + "en": "At last he was prevailed upon rather by reason than by the honour, since he saw that whatever he did not undertake to protect was likely to perish. He is the only man to whose lot it has fallen to refuse the principate for a longer time, almost, than others had fought to secure it." + }, + { + "id": 16339, + "la": "Post redditum caelo patrem et corpus eius humanis honoribus, numen divinis honoratum, primum principalium eius operum fuit ordinatio comitiorum, quam manu sua scriptam divus Augustus reliquerat", + "en": "After heaven had claimed his father, and human honours had been paid to his body as divine honours were paid to his soul,a the first of his tasks as emperor was the regulation of the comitia, instructions for which Augustus had left in his own handwriting." + }, + { + "id": 16340, + "la": "Quo tempore mihi fratrique meo, candidatis Caesaris, proxime a nobilissimis ac sacerdotalibus viris destinari praetoribus contigit, consecutis quidem, ut neque post nos quemquam divus Augustus neque ante nos Caesar commendaret Tiberius", + "en": "On this occasion it was my lot and that of my brother, as Caesars candidates, to be named for the praetorship immediately after those of noble families and those who had held the priesthoods, and indeed to have had the distinction of being the last to be recommended by Augustus and the first to be named by Tiberius Caesar." + }, + { + "id": 16341, + "la": "Tulit protinus et voti et consilii sui pretium res publica, neque diu latuit aut quid non impetrando passuri fuissemus aut quid impetrando profecissemus", + "en": "The state soon reaped the fruit of its wise course in desiring Tiberius, nor was it long before it was apparent what we should have had to endure had our request been refused, and what we had gained in having it granted." + }, + { + "id": 16342, + "la": "Quippe exercitus, qui in Germania militabat praesentisque Germanici imperio regebatur, simulque legiones, quae in Illyrico erant, rabie quadam et profunda confundendi omnia cupiditate novum ducem, novum statum, novam quaerebant rem publicam; quin etiam ausi sunt minari daturos se senatui, daturos principi leges; modum stipendii, finem militiae sibi ipsi constituere conati sunt", + "en": "For the army serving in Germany, commanded by Germanicus in person, and the legions in Illyricum, seized at the same moment by a form of madness and a deep desire to throw everything into confusion, wanted a new leader, a new order of things, and a new republic. Nay, they even dared to threaten to dictate terms to the senate and to the emperor. They tried to fix for themselves the amount of their pay and their period of service." + }, + { + "id": 16343, + "la": "Processum etiam in arma ferrumque strictum est et paene in ultima gladiorum erupit impunitas, defuitque, qui contra rem publicam duceret, non qui sequerentur", + "en": "They even resorted to arms; the sword was drawn; their conviction that they would not be punished came near to breaking out into the worst excesses of arms. All they needed was someone to lead them against the state; there was no lack of followers." + }, + { + "id": 16344, + "la": "Sed haec omnia veteris imperatoris maturitas, multa inhibentis, aliqua cum gravitate pollicentis, et inter severam praecipue noxiorum ultionem mitis aliorum castigatio brevi sopiit ac sustulit", + "en": "But all this disturbance was soon quelled and suppressed by the ripe experience of the veteran commander, who used coercion in many cases, made promises where he could do so with dignity, and by the combination of severe punishment of the most guilty with milder chastisement of the others." + }, + { + "id": 16345, + "la": "Quo quidem tempore ut pleraque non ignave Germanicus, ita Drusus, qui a patre in id ipsum plurimo quidem igne emicans incendium militaris tumultus missus erat, prisca antiquaque severitate usus ancipitia sibi maluit tenere quam exemplo perniciosa, et his ipsis militum gladiis, quibus obsessus erat, obsidentes coercuit, singulari adiutore in eo negotio usus Iunio Blaeso, viro nescias utiliore in castris an meliore in toga : qui post paucos annos proconsul in Africa ornamenta triumphalia cum appellatione imperatoria meruit", + "en": "In this crisis, while in many respects the conduct of Germanicus was not lacking in rigour, Drusus employed the severity of the Romans of old. Sent by his father into the very midst of the conflagration, when the flames of mutiny were already bursting forth, he preferred to hold to a course which involved danger to himself than one which might prove a ruinous precedent, and used the very swords of those by whom he had been besieged to coerce his besiegers. In this task he had in Junius Blaesus no ordinary helper, a man whom one does not know whether to consider more useful in the camp or better in the toga. A few years later, as proconsul in Africa, he earned the ornaments or a triumph, with the title of imperator." + }, + { + "id": 16346, + "la": "At Hispanias exercitumque in iis cum M Lepidus, de cuius virtutibus celeberrimaque in Illyrico militia praediximus, cum imperio obtineret, in summa pace et quiete continuit, cum ei pietas rectissima sentiendi et auctoritas quae sentiebat obtinendi superesset", + "en": "The two provinces of Spain, however, and the army in them were held in peace and tranquillity, since Marcus Lepidus, of whose virtues and distinguished service in Illyricum I have already spoken, was there in command, and since he had in the highest degree the quality of instinctively knowing the best course and the firmness to hold to his views." + }, + { + "id": 16347, + "la": "Cuius curam ac fidem Dolabella quoque, vir simplicitatis generosissimae, in maritima parte Illyrici per omnia imitatus est", + "en": "On the coast of Illyricum his vigilance and fidelity was emulated in detail by Dolabella, a man of noble-minded candour." + }, + { + "id": 16348, + "la": "Horum sedecim annorum opera quis cum ingerantur oculis animisque omnium, partibus eloquatur? Sacravit parentem suum Caesar non imperio, sed religione, non appellavit eum, sed fecit deum", + "en": "Who would undertake to tell in detail the accomplishments of the past sixteen years, since they are borne in upon the eyes and hearts of all? Caesar deified his father, not by exercise of his imperial authority, but by his attitude of reverence; he did not call him a god, but made him one." + }, + { + "id": 16349, + "la": "Revocata in forum fides, summota e foro seditio, ambitio campo, discordia curia, sepultaeque ac situ obsitae iustitia, aequitas, industria civitati redditae; accessit magistratibus auctoritas, senatui maiestas, iudiciis gravitas; compressa theatralis seditio, recte faciendi omnibus aut incussa voluntas aut imposita necessitas: honorantur recta, prava puniuntur, suspicit potentem humilis, non timet, antecedit, non contemnit humiliorem potens", + "en": "Credit has been restored in the forum, strife has been banished from the forum, canvassing for office from the Campus Martius, discord from the senate-house; justice, equity, and industry, long buried in oblivion, have been restored to the state; the magistrates have regained their authority, the senate its majesty, the courts their dignity; rioting in the theatre has been suppressed; all citizens have either been impressed with the wish to do right, or have been forced to do so by necessity. Right is now honoured, evil is punished; the humble man respects the great but does not fear him, the great has precedence over the lowly but does not despise him." + }, + { + "id": 16350, + "la": "Quando annona moderatior, quando pax laetior? Diffusa in orientis occidentisque tractus et quidquid meridiano aut septentrione finitur, pax augusta omnis terrarum orbis angulos a latrociniorum metu servat immunes", + "en": "When was the price of grain more reasonable, or when were the blessings of peace greater? The pax augusta,a which has spread to the regions of the east and of the west and to the bounds of the north and of the south, preserves every corner of the world safe from the fear of brigandage." + }, + { + "id": 16351, + "la": "Fortuita non civium tantummodo, sed urbium damna principis munificentia vindicat", + "en": "The munificence of the emperor claims for its province the losses inflicted by fortune not merely on private citizens, but on whole cities." + }, + { + "id": 16352, + "la": "Restitutae urbes Asiae, vindicatae ab iniuriis magistratuum provinciae: honor dignis paratissimus, poena in malos sera, sed aliqua: superatur aequitate gratia, ambitio virtute; nam facere recte civis suos princeps optimus faciendo docet, cumque sit imperio maximus, exemplo maior est", + "en": "The cities of Asia have been restored, the provinces have been freed from the oppression of their magistrates. Honour ever awaits the worthy; for the wicked punishment is slow but sure; fair play has now precedence over influence, and merit over ambition, for the best of emperors teaches his citizens to do right by doing it, and though he is greatest among us in authority, he is still greater in the example which he sets." + }, + { + "id": 16353, + "la": "Raro eminentes viri non magnis adiutoribus ad gubernandam fortunam suam usi sunt, ut duo Scipiones duobus Laeliis, quos per omnia aequaverunt sibi, ut divus Augustus M Agrippa et proxime ab eo Statilio Tauro, quibus novitas familiae haut obstitit quominus ad multiplicis consulatus triumphosque et complura eveherentur sacerdotia", + "en": "It is but rarely that men of eminence have failed to employ great men to aid them in directing their fortune, as the two Scipios employed the two Laelii, whom in all things they treated as equal to themselves, or as the deified Augustus employed Marcus Agrippa, and after him Statilius Taurus. In the case of these men their lack of lineage was no obstacle to their elevation to successive consulships, triumphs, and numerous priesthoods." + }, + { + "id": 16354, + "la": "Etenim magna negotia magnis adiutoribus egent interestque rei publicae quod usu necessarium est, dignitate eminere utilitatemque auctoritate muniri", + "en": "For great tasks require great helpers, and it is important to the state that those who are necessary to her service should be given prominence in rank, and that their usefulness should be fortified by official authority." + }, + { + "id": 16355, + "la": "Sub his exemplis Ti Caesar Seianum Aelium, principe equestris ordinis patre natum, materno vero genere clarissimas veteresque et insignes honoribus complexum familias, habentem consularis fratres, consobrinos, avunculum, ipsum vero laboris ac fidei capacissimum, sufficiente etiam vigori animi compage corporis, singularem principalium onerum adiutorem in omnia habuit atque habet, virum severitatis laetissimae, hilaritatis priscae, actu otiosis simillimum, nihil sibi vindicantem eoque adsequentem omnia, semperque infra aliorum aestimationes se metientem, vultu vitaque tranquillum, animo exsomnem", + "en": "With these examples before him, Tiberius Caesar has had and still has as his incomparable associate in all the burdens of the principate Sejanus Aelius, son of a father who was among the foremost in the equestrian order, but connected, on his mothers side, with old and illustrious families and families distinguished by public honours, while he had brothers, cousins, and an uncle who had reached the consulship. He himself combined with loyalty to his master great capacity for labour, and possessed a well-knit body to match the energy of his mind; stern but yet gay, cheerful but yet strict; busy, yet always seeming to be at leisure. He is one who claims no honours for himself and so acquires all honours, whose estimate of himself is always below the estimate of others, calm in expression and in his life, though his mind is sleeplessly alert." + }, + { + "id": 16356, + "la": "In huius virtutum aestimatione iam pridem iudicia civitatis cum iudiciis principis certant; neque novus hic mos senatus populique Romani est putandi, quod optimum sit, esse nobilissimum", + "en": "In the value set upon the character of this man, the judgement of the whole state has long vied with that of the emperor. Nor is it a new fashion on the part of the senate and the Roman people to regard as most noble that which is best." + }, + { + "id": 16357, + "la": "Nam et illi qui ante bellum Punicum abhinc annos trecentos Ti Coruncanium, hominem novum, cum aliis omnibus honoribus tum pontificatu etiam maximo ad principale extulere fastigium, et qui equetstri loco natum Sp Carvilium et mox M Catonem, novum etiam Tusculo urbis inquilinum, Mummiumque Achaicum in consulatus, censuras et triumphos provexere, et qui C Marium ignotae originis usque ad sextum consulatum sine dubitatione Romani nominis habuere principem, et qui M Tullio tantum tribuere, ut paene adsentatione sua quibus vellet principatus conciliaret, quique nihil Asinio Pollioni negaverunt, quod nobilissimis summo cum sudore consequendum foret, profecto hoc senserunt, in cuiuscumque animo virtus inesset, ei plurimum esse tribuendum", + "en": "For the Romans who, three centuries ago, in the days before the Punic war, raised Tiberius Coruncanius, a new man, to the first position in the state, not only bestowing on him all the other honours but the office of pontifex maximus as well; and those who elevated to consulships, censorships, and triumphs Spurius Carvilius, though born of equestrian rank, and soon afterwards Marcus Cato, though a new man and not a native of the city but from Tusculum, and Mummius, who triumphed over Achaia; and those who regarded Gaius Marius, though of obscure origin, as unquestionably the first man of the Roman name until his sixth consulship; and those who yielded such honours to Marcus Tullius that on his recommendation he could secure positions of importance almost for anyone he chose; and those who refused no honour to Asinius Pollio, honours which could only be earned, even by the noblest, by sweat and toil'all these assuredly felt that the highest honours should be paid to the man of merit." + }, + { + "id": 16358, + "la": "Haec naturalis exempli imitatio ad experiendum Seianum Caesarem, ad iuvanda vero onera principis Seianum propulit senatumque et populum Romanum eo perduxit, ut, quod usu optimum intellegit, id in tutelam securitatis suae libenter advocet", + "en": "It was but the natural following of precedent that impelled Caesar to put Sejanus to the test, and that Sejanus was induced to assist the emperor with his burdens, and that brought the senate and the Roman people to the point where they were ready to summon for the preservation of its security the man whom they regarded as the most useful instrument." + }, + { + "id": 16359, + "la": "Sed proposita quasi universa principatus Ti Caesaris forma singula recenseamus", + "en": "But having set before the reader a sort of general outline of the principate of Caesar, let us now review some of the details." + }, + { + "id": 16360, + "la": "Qua ille prudentia Rhascupolim, interemptorem fratris sui filii Cotyis consortisque eiusdem imperii, Romam evocavit! Singulari in eo negotio usus opera Flacci Pomponii consularis viri, nati ad omnia, quae recte facienda sunt, simplicique virtute merentis semper, numquam captantis gloriam", + "en": "With what sagacity did he draw to Rome Rhascupolis,a the slayer of his brothers son Cotys who shared the throne with him; in this transaction Tiberius employed the rare services of Flaccus Pomponius, a consular, and a man born to carry out tasks requiring accurate discrimination, and who by his straightforward character always deserved glory though he never sought it." + }, + { + "id": 16361, + "la": "Cum quanta gravitate ut senator et iudex, non ut princeps, causam Drusi Libonis audivit5! Quam celeriter ingratum et nova molientem oppressit! Quibus praeceptis instructum Germanicum suum imbutumque rudimentis militiae secum actae domitorem recepit Germaniae! Quibus iuventam eius exaggeravit honoribus, respondente cultu triumphi rerum, quas gesserat, magnitudini!", + "en": "With what dignity did he listen to the trial of Drusus Libo, not in the capacity of emperor, but as a senator and a judge! How swiftly did he suppress that ingrate in his plot for revolution! How well had Germanicus been trained under his instructions, having so thoroughly learned the rudiments of military science under him that he was later to welcome him home as conqueror of Germany! What honours did he heap upon him, young though he was, making the magnificence of his triumph to correspond to the greatness of his deeds!" + }, + { + "id": 16362, + "la": "Quotiens populum congiariis honoravit senatorumque censum, cum id senatu auctore facere potuit, quam libenter explevit, ut neque luxuriam invitaret neque honestam paupertatem pateretur dignitate destitui! Quanto cum honore Germanicum suum in transmarinas misit provincias! Qua vi consiliorum suorum, ministro et adiutore usus Druso filio suo, Maroboduum inhaerentem occupati regni finibus, pace maiestatis eius dixerim, velut serpentem abstrusam terrae salubribus medicamentis coegit egredi! Quam illum ut honorate, sic secure continet! Quantae molis bellum principe Galliarum ciente Sacroviro Floroque Iulio mira celeritate ac virtute compressit, ut ante populus Romanus vicisse se quam bellare cognosceret nuntiosque periculi victoriae praecederet nuntius! Magni etiam terroris bellum Africum et cotidiano auctu maius auspiciis consiliisque eius brevi sepultum est", + "en": "How often did he honour the people with largesses, and how gladly, whenever he could do so with the senates sanction, did he raise to the required rating the fortunes of senators, but in such a way as not to encourage extravagant living, nor yet to allow senators to lose their rank because of honest poverty! With what honours did he send his beloved Germanicus to the provinces across the seas! With what effective diplomacy, carried out through the help and agency of his son Drusus, did he force Maroboduus, who clung to the limits of the territories he had seized as a serpent to his hole, to come forth like the serpent under the spell of his salutary charms'a simile which I use with no disrespect to Caesar. With what honour does he treat him while at the same time he holds him securely! With what wonderful swiftness and courage did he repress the formidable war, stirred up at the instigation of Sacrovir and Florus Julius,a so that the Roman people learned that he had conquered before they knew he was engaged in war, and the news of victory preceded the news of the danger! The African war also, which caused great consternation and grew more formidable every day, was soon extinguished under his auspices and in accordance with his plans." + }, + { + "id": 16363, + "la": "Quanta suo suorumque nomine exstruxit opera! Quam pia munificentia superque humanam evecta fidem templum patri molitur! Quam magnifico animi temperamento Cn quoque Pompei munera absumpta igni restituit! Quidquid enim umquam claritudine eminuit, id veluti cognatum censet tuendum", + "en": "What public buildings did he construct in his own name or that of his family! With what pious munificence, exceeding human belief, does he now rear the temple to his father! With what a magnificent control of personal feeling did he restore the works of Gnaeus Pompey when destroyed by fire! For a feeling of kinship leads him to protect every famous monument." + }, + { + "id": 16364, + "la": "Qua liberalitate cum alias, tum proxime incenso monte Caelio omnis ordinis hominum iacturae patrimonio succurrit suo! Quanta cum quiete hominum rem perpetui praecipuique timoris, supplementum, sine trepidatione dilectus providet! Si aut natura patitur aut mediocritas recipit hominum, audeo cum deis queri: quid hic meruit, primum ut scelerata Drusus Libo iniret consilia? Deinde ut Silium Pisonemque tam infestos haberet, quorum alterius dignitatem constituit, auxit alterius? Ut ad maiora transcendam, quamquam et haec ille duxit maxima, quid, ut iuvenes amitteret filios? Quid, ut nepotem ex Druso suo? Dolenda adhuc retulimus: veniendum ad erubescenda est", + "en": "With what generosity at the time of the recent fire on the Caelian Hill, as well as on other occasions, did he use his private fortune to make good the losses of people of all ranks in life! And the recruiting of the army, a thing ordinarily looked upon with great and constant dread, with what calm on the part of the people does he provide for it, and without any of the usual panic attending conscription! If either nature permits, or mans weak faculties allow, I may dare to make this plaint to the gods: How has this man deserved, in the first place, to have Drusus Libo enter upon a traitorous conspiracy against him, or later to earn the hostility of Silius and Piso, though in the one case he created his rank, and in the other he increased it? Passing on to greater trials'although he regarded these as great enough'how did he deserve the loss of his sons in their prime or of his grandson, the son of Drusus? Thus far I have told of sorrows only, we must now come to the shame." + }, + { + "id": 16365, + "la": "Quantis hoc triennium, M Vinici, doloribus laceravit animum eius! Quam diu abstruso, quod miserrimum est, pectus eius flagravit incendio, quod ex nuru, quod ex nepote dolere, indignari, erubescere coactus est! Cuius temporis aegritudinem auxit amissa mater, eminentissima et per omnia deis quam hominibus similior femina, cuius potentiam nemo sensit nisi aut levatione periculi aut accessione dignitatis", + "en": "With what pain, Marcus Vinicius, have the past three years rent his heart! With what fire, the more cruel because pent up, was his soul consumed because of the grief, the indignation, and the shame he was forced to suffer through his daughter-in-law and his grandson!a His sorrow at this time was crowned by the loss of his mother, a woman pre-eminent among women, and who in all things resembled the gods more than mankind, whose power no one felt except for the alleviation of trouble or the promotion of rank." + }, + { + "id": 16366, + "la": "Voto finiendum volumen est", + "en": "Let me end my volume with a prayer." + }, + { + "id": 16367, + "la": "Iuppiter Capitoline, et auctor ac stator Romani nominis Gradive Mars, perpetuorumque custos Vesta ignium et quidquid numinum hanc Romani imperii molem in amplissimum terrarum orbis fastigium extulit, vos publica voce obtestor atque precor: custodite, servate, protegite hunc statum, hanc pacem, hunc principem, eique functo longissima statione mortali destinate successores quam serissimos, sed eos, quorum cervices tam fortiter sustinendo terrarum orbis imperio sufficiant, quam huius suffecisse sensimus, consiliaque omnium civium aut pia fovete aut impia opprimite", + "en": "O Jupiter Capitolinus, and Mars Gradivus, author and stay of the Roman name, Vesta, guardian of the eternal fire, and all other divinities who have exalted this great empire of Rome to the highest point yet reached on earth! On you I call, and to you I pray in the name of this people: guard, preserve, protect the present state of things, the peace which we enjoy, the present emperor, and when he has filled his post of duty'and may it be the longest granted to mortals'grant him successors until the latest time, but successors whose shoulders may be as capable of sustaining bravely the empire of the world as we have found his to be: foster the pious plans of all good citizens and crush the impious designs of the wicked." + }, + { + "id": 16368, + "la": "Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris Italiam fato profugus Lavinaque venit litora'multum ille et terris iactatus et alto vi superum, saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram, multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem inferretque deos Latio; genus unde Latinum Albanique patres atque altae moenia Romae", + "en": "Arms and the man I sing, who first from the coasts of Troy, exiled by fate, came to Italy and Lavine shores; much buffeted on sea and land by violence from above, through cruel Junos unforgiving wrath, and much enduring in war also, till he should build a city and bring his gods to Latium; whence came the Latin race, the lords of Alba, and the lofty walls of Rome." + }, + { + "id": 16369, + "la": "Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso quidve dolens regina deum tot volvere casus insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores impulerit", + "en": "Tell me, O Muse, the cause; wherein thwarted in will or wherefore angered, did the Queen of heaven drive a man, of goodness so wondrous, to traverse so many perils, to face so many toils." + }, + { + "id": 16370, + "la": "tantaene animis caelestibus irae? Urbs antiqua fuit (Tyrii tenuere coloni) Karthago, Italiam contra Tiberinaque longe ostia, dives opum studiisque asperrima belli; quam Iuno fertur terris magis omnibus unam posthabita coluisse Samo;", + "en": "Can heavenly spirits cherish resentment so dire? There was an ancient city, the home of Tyrian settlers, Carthage, over against Italy and the Tibers mouths afar, rich in wealth and stern in wars pursuits. This, tis said, Juno loved above all other lands, holding Samos itself less dear." + }, + { + "id": 16371, + "la": "hic illius arma, hic currus fuit, hoc regnum dea gentibus esse, si qua fata sinant, iam tum tenditque fovetque progeniem sed enim Troiano a sanguine duci audierat, Tyrias olim quae verteret arces; hinc populum late regem belloque superbum venturum excidio Libyae: sic volvere Parcas", + "en": "Here was her armour, here her chariot; that here should be the capital of the nations, should the fates perchance allow it, was even then the goddesss aim and cherished hope. Yet in truth she had heard that a race was springing from Trojan blood, to overthrow some day the Tyrian towers; that from it a people, kings of broad realms and proud in war, should come forth for Libyas downfall: so rolled the wheel of fate." + }, + { + "id": 16372, + "la": "id metuens veterisque memor Saturnia belli, prima quod ad Troiam pro caris gesserat Argis (necdum etiam causae irarum saevique dolores exciderant animo; manet alta mente repostum iudicium Paridis spretaeque iniuria formae, et genus invisum et rapti Ganymedis honores)' his accensa super, iactatos aequore toto Troas, reliquias Danaum atque immitis Achilli, arcebat longe Latio; multosque per annos errabant, acti fatis, maria omnia circum", + "en": "The daughter of Saturn, fearful of this and mindful of the old war which erstwhile she had fought at Troy for her beloved Argos'not yet, too, had the cause of her wrath and her bitter sorrows faded from her mind: deep in her heart remain the judgment of Paris and the outrage to her slighted beauty, her hatred of the race 3 and the honours paid to ravished Ganymede'inflamed hereby yet more, she tossed on the wide main the Trojan remnant, left by the Greeks and pitiless Achilles, and kept them far from Latium; and many a year they wandered, driven by the fates oer all the seas." + }, + { + "id": 16373, + "la": "tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem", + "en": "So vast was the effort to found the Roman race." + }, + { + "id": 16374, + "la": "Vix e conspectu Siculae telluris in altum vela dabant laeti et spumas salis aere ruebant, cum Iuno, aeternum servans sub pectore vulnus, haec secum: mene incepto desistere victam nec posse Italia Teucrorum avertere regem! quippe vetor fatis", + "en": "Hardly out of sight of Sicilian land were they spreading their sails seaward, and merrily ploughing the foaming brine with brazen prow, when Juno, nursing an undying wound deep in her heart, spoke thus to herself: What! I resign my purpose, baffled, and fail to turn from Italy the Teucrian king! The fates, doubtless, forbid me!" + }, + { + "id": 16375, + "la": "Pallasne exurere classem Argivum atque ipsos potuit submergere ponto unius ob noxam et furias Aiacis Oilei? ipsa Iovis rapidum iaculata e nubibus ignem disiecitque rates evertitque aequora ventis; illum exspirantem transfixo pectore flammas turbine corripuit scopuloque infixit acuto;", + "en": "Had Pallas power to burn up the Argive fleet and sink the sailors in the deep, because of one single mans guilt, and the frenzy of Ajax, son of Oileus? Her own hand hurled from the clouds Joves swift flame, scattered their ships, and upheaved the sea in tempest; but him, as with pierced breast he breathed forth flame, she caught in a whirlwind and impaled on a spiky crag." + }, + { + "id": 16376, + "la": "ast ego, quae divum incedo regina, Iovisque et soror et coniunx, una cum gente tot annos bella gero", + "en": "Yet I, who move as queen of gods, at once sister and wife of Jove, with one people am warring these many years." + }, + { + "id": 16377, + "la": "et quisquam numen Iunonis adorat praeterea aut supplex aris imponet honorem? Talia flammato secum dea corde volutans nimborum in patriam, loca feta furentibus Austris, Aeoliam venit", + "en": "And will any still worship Junos godhead or humbly lay sacrifice upon her altars? Thus inwardly brooding with heart inflamed, the goddess came to Aeolia, motherland of storm clouds, tracts teeming with furious blasts." + }, + { + "id": 16378, + "la": "hic vasto rex Aeolus antro luctantis ventos tempestatesque sonoras imperio premit ac vinclis et carcere frenat", + "en": "Here in his vast cavern, Aeolus, their king, keeps under his sway and with prison bonds curbs the struggling winds and the roaring gales." + }, + { + "id": 16379, + "la": "illi indignantes magno cum murmure montis circum claustra fremunt; celsa sedet Aeolus arce sceptra tenens, mollitque animos et temperat iras; ni faciat, maria ac terras caelumque profundum quippe ferant rapidi secum verrantque per auras", + "en": "They, to the mountains mighty moans, chafe blustering around the barriers. In his lofty citadel sits Aeolus, sceptre in hand, taming their passions and soothing their rage; did he not so, they would surely bear off with them in wild flight seas and lands and the vault of heaven, sweeping them through space." + }, + { + "id": 16380, + "la": "sed pater omnipotens speluncis abdidit atris, hoc metuens, molemque et montis insuper altos imposuit regemque dedit, qui foedere certo et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas", + "en": "But, fearful of this, the father omnipotent hid them in gloomy caverns, and over them piled high mountain masses and gave them a king who, under fixed covenant, should be skilled to tighten and loosen the reins at command." + }, + { + "id": 16381, + "la": "ad quem tum Iuno supplex his vocibus usa est: Aeole, namque tibi divum pater atque hominum rex et mulcere dedit fluctus et tollere vento, gens inimica mihi Tyrrhenum navigat aequor, Ilium in Italiam portans victosque Penates: incute vim ventis submersasque obrue puppes, aut age diversos et disice corpora ponto", + "en": "Him Juno now addressed thus in suppliant speech: Aeolus'for to you the father of gods and king of men has given power to calm and uplift the waves with the wind'a people hateful to me sails the Tyrrhene sea, carrying into Italy Iliums vanquished gods. Hurl fury into your winds, sink and overwhelm the ships, or drive the men asunder and scatter their bodies on the deep." + }, + { + "id": 16382, + "la": "sunt mihi bis septem praestanti corpore Nymphae: quarum quae forma pulcherrima, Deiopea, conubio iungam stabili propriamque dicabo, omnis ut tecum meritis pro talibus annos exigat et pulchra faciat te prole parentem.", + "en": "Twice seven nymphs have I of wondrous beauty, of whom Deiopea, fairest of form, I will link to you in sure wedlock, making her yours for ever, that for such service of yours she may spend all her years with you, and make you father of fair offspring." + }, + { + "id": 16383, + "la": "Aeolus haec contra: tuus, o regina, quid optes, explorare labor; mihi iussa capessere fas est", + "en": "Thus answered Aeolus: Your task, O queen, is to search out your desire; my duty is to do your bidding." + }, + { + "id": 16384, + "la": "tu mihi quodcumque hoc regni, tu sceptra Iovemque concilias, tu das epulis accumbere divum, nimborumque facis tempestatumque potentem.", + "en": "To your grace I owe all this my realm, to your grace my sceptre and Joves favour; you grant me a couch at the feasts of the gods, and make me lord of clouds and storms." + }, + { + "id": 16385, + "la": "Haec ubi dicta, cavum conversa cuspide montem impulit in latus; ac venti, velut agmine facto, quo data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant", + "en": "So he spoke and, turning his spear, smote the hollow mount on its side; when lo! the winds, as if in armed array, rush forth where passage is given, and blow in storm blasts across the world." + }, + { + "id": 16386, + "la": "incubuere mari totumque a sedibus imis una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis Africus et vastos volvunt ad litora fluctus; insequitur clamorque virum stridorque rudentum", + "en": "They swoop down upon the sea, and from its lowest depths upheave it all'East and South winds together, and the Southwester, thick with tempests'and shoreward roll vast billows. Then come the cries of men and creaking of cables." + }, + { + "id": 16387, + "la": "eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque Teucrorum ex oculis; ponto nox incubat atra", + "en": "In a moment clouds snatch sky and day from the Trojans eyes; black night broods over the deep." + }, + { + "id": 16388, + "la": "intonuere poli, et crebris micat ignibus aether, praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem", + "en": "From pole to pole it thunders, the skies lighten with frequent flashes, all forebodes the sailors instant death." + }, + { + "id": 16389, + "la": "extemplo Aeneae solvuntur frigore membra; ingemit et duplicis tendens ad sidera palmas talia voce refert: o terque quaterque beati, quis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis contigit oppetere! o Danaum fortissime gentis Tydide! mene Iliacis occumbere campis non potuisse tuaque animam hanc effundere dextra, saevus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector, ubi ingens Sarpedon, ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit! Talia iactanti stridens Aquilone procella velum adversa ferit, fluctusque ad sidera tollit; franguntur remi; tum prora avertit et undis dat latus; insequitur cumulo praeruptus aquae mons", + "en": "Straightway Aeneas limbs weaken with chilling dread; he groans and, stretching his two upturned hands to heaven, thus cries aloud: O thrice and four times blest, whose lot it was to meet death before their fathers eyes beneath the lofty walls of Troy! O son of Tydeus, bravest of the Danaan race, ah! that I could not fall on the Ilian plains and gasp out this lifeblood at your hand'where, under the spear of Aeacides, fierce Hector lies prostrate, and mighty Sarpedon; where Simois seizes and sweeps beneath his waves so many shields and helms and bodies of the brave! As he flings forth such words, a gust, shrieking from the North, strikes full on his sail and lifts the waves to heaven. The oars snap, then the prow swings round and gives the broadside to the waves; down in a heap comes a sheer mountain of water." + }, + { + "id": 16390, + "la": "hi summo in fluctu pendent; his unda dehiscens terram inter fluctus aperit; furit aestus harenis", + "en": "Some of the seamen hang upon the billows crest; to others the yawning sea shows ground beneath the waves; the surges seethe with sand." + }, + { + "id": 16391, + "la": "tris Notus abreptas in saxa latentia torquet (saxa vocant Itali, mediis quae in fluctibus, Aras, dorsum immane mari summo), tris Eurus ab alto in brevia et syrtis urget (miserabile visu) inliditque vadis atque aggere cingit harenae", + "en": "Three ships the South Wind catches and hurls on hidden rocks'rocks the Italians call the Altars, rising amidst the waves, a huge ridge topping the sea. Three the East forces from the deep into shallows and sandbanks, a piteous sight, dashes on shoals and girds with a mound of sand." + }, + { + "id": 16392, + "la": "unam, quae Lycios fidumque vehebat Oronten, ipsius ante oculos ingens a vertice pontus in puppim ferit; excutitur pronusque magister volvitur in caput; ast illam ter fluctus ibidem torquet agens circum et rapidus vorat aequore vertex", + "en": "One, which bore the Lycians and loyal Orontes, before the eyes of Aeneas a mighty toppling wave strikes astern. The helmsman is dashed out and hurled head foremost, but the ship is thrice on the same spot whirled round and round by the wave and engulfed in the seas devouring eddy." + }, + { + "id": 16393, + "la": "apparent rari nantes in gurgite vasto, arma virum tabulaeque et Troia gaza per undas", + "en": "Here and there are seen swimmers in the vast abyss, with weapons of men, planks, and Trojan treasure amid the waves." + }, + { + "id": 16394, + "la": "iam validam Ilionei navem, iam fortis Achatae, et qua vectus Abas, et qua grandaevus Aletes, vicit hiems; laxis laterum compagibus omnes accipiunt inimicum imbrem rimisque fatiscunt", + "en": "Now the stout ship of Ilioneus, now of brave Achates, and that wherein Abas sailed and that of aged Aletes, the storm has mastered; with side joints loosened, all let in the hostile flood and gape at every seam." + }, + { + "id": 16395, + "la": "Interea magno misceri murmure pontum emissamque hiemem sensit Neptunus et imis stagna refusa vadis, graviter commotus; et alto prospiciens, summa placidum caput extulit unda", + "en": "Meanwhile Neptune saw the sea in a turmoil of wild uproar, the storm let loose and the still waters seething up from their lowest depths. Greatly troubled was he, and gazing out over the deep he raised a composed countenance above the waters surface." + }, + { + "id": 16396, + "la": "disiectam Aeneae toto videt aequore classem, fluctibus oppressos Troas caelique ruina", + "en": "He sees Aeneas fleet scattered over all the sea, the Trojans overwhelmed by the waves and by the falling heavens," + }, + { + "id": 16397, + "la": "nec latuere doli fratrem Iunonis et irae", + "en": "nor did Junos wiles and wrath escape her brothers eye." + }, + { + "id": 16398, + "la": "Eurum ad se Zephyrumque vocat, dehinc talia fatur: Tantane vos generis tenuit fiducia vestri? iam caelum terramque meo sine numine, venti, miscere et tantas audetis tollere moles? quos ego'! sed motos praestat componere fluctus: post mihi non simili poena commissa luetis", + "en": "East Wind and West he calls before him, then speaks thus: Has pride in your birth so gained control of you? Do you now dare, winds, without command of mine, to mingle earth and sky, and raise confusion thus? Whom I'! But better it is to calm the troubled waves: hereafter with another penalty shall you pay me for your crimes." + }, + { + "id": 16399, + "la": "maturate fugam regique haec dicite vestro: non illi imperium pelagi saevumque tridentem, sed mihi sorte datum", + "en": "Speed your flight and bear this word to your king: not to him, but to me were given by lot the lordship of the sea and the dread trident." + }, + { + "id": 16400, + "la": "tenet ille immania saxa, vestras, Eure, domos; illa se iactet in aula Aeolus et clauso ventorum carcere regnet.", + "en": "He holds the savage rocks, home of you and yours, East Wind; in that hall let Aeolus lord it and rule within the barred prison of the winds." + }, + { + "id": 16401, + "la": "Sic ait, et dicto citius tumida aequora placat collectasque fugat nubes solemque reducit", + "en": "Thus he speaks, and swifter than his word he calms the swollen seas, puts to flight the gathered clouds, and brings back the sun." + }, + { + "id": 16402, + "la": "Cymothoe simul et Triton adnixus acuto detrudunt navis scopulo; levat ipse tridenti et vastas aperit syrtis et temperat aequor atque rotis summas levibus perlabitur undas", + "en": "Cymothoe and Triton with common effort thrust the ships from the sharp rock; the god himself levers them up with his trident, opens the vast quicksands, allays the flood, and on light wheels glides over the topmost waters." + }, + { + "id": 16403, + "la": "ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est seditio, saevitque animis ignobile vulgus, iamque faces et saxa volant (furor arma ministrat), tum pietate gravem ac meritis si forte virum quem conspexere, silent arrectisque auribus astant; ille regit dictis animos et pectora mulcet: sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, aequora postquam prospiciens genitor caeloque invectus aperto flectit equos curruque volans dat lora secundo", + "en": "And as, when ofttimes in a great nation tumult has risen, the base rabble rage angrily, and now brands and stones fly, madness lending arms; then, if perchance they set eyes on a man honoured for noble character and service, they are silent and stand by with attentive ears; with speech he sways their passion and soothes their breasts: just so, all the roar of ocean sank, soon as the Sire, looking forth upon the waters and driving under a clear sky, guides his steeds and, flying onward, gives reins to his willing car." + }, + { + "id": 16404, + "la": "Defessi Aeneadae, quae proxima litora, cursu contendunt petere, et Libyae vertuntur ad oras", + "en": "The wearied followers of Aeneas strive to run for the nearest shore and turn towards the coast of Libya." + }, + { + "id": 16405, + "la": "est in secessu longo locus: insula portum efficit obiectu laterum, quibus omnis ab alto frangitur inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos", + "en": "There in a deep inlet lies a spot, where an island forms a harbour with the barrier of its sides, on which every wave from the main is broken, then parts into receding ripples." + }, + { + "id": 16406, + "la": "hinc atque hinc vastae rupes geminique minantur in caelum scopuli, quorum sub vertice late aequora tuta silent; tum silvis scaena coruscis desuper, horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra; fronte sub adversa scopulis pendentibus antrum, intus aquae dulces vivoque sedilia saxo, Nympharum domus", + "en": "On either side loom heavenward huge cliffs and twin peaks, beneath whose crest far and wide is the stillness of sheltered water; above, too, is a background of shimmering woods with an overhanging grove, black with gloomy shade. Under the brow of the fronting cliff is a cave of hanging rocks; within are fresh waters and seats in the living stone, a haunt of Nymphs." + }, + { + "id": 16407, + "la": "hic fessas non vincula navis ulla tenent, unco non alligat ancora morsu", + "en": "Here no fetters imprison weary ships, no anchor" + }, + { + "id": 16408, + "la": "huc septem Aeneas collectis navibus omni ex numero subit, ac magno telluris amore egressi optata potiuntur Troes harena et sale tabentis artus in litore ponunt", + "en": "holds them fast with hooked bite. Here, with seven ships mustered from all his fleet, Aeneas takes shelter; and, disembarking with earnest longing for the land, the Trojans gain the welcome beach and stretch their brine-drenched limbs upon the shore." + }, + { + "id": 16409, + "la": "ac primum silici scintillam excudit Achates succepitque ignem foliis atque arida circum nutrimenta dedit rapuitque in fomite flammam", + "en": "At once Achates struck a spark from flint, caught the fire in leaves, laid dry fuel about, and waved the flame amid the tinder." + }, + { + "id": 16410, + "la": "tum Cererem corruptam undis Cerealiaque arma expediunt fessi rerum, frugesque receptas et torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo", + "en": "Then, wearied with their lot, they take out the corn of Ceres, spoiled by the waves, with the tools of Ceres, and prepare to parch the rescued grain in the fire and crush it under the stone." + }, + { + "id": 16411, + "la": "Aeneas scopulum interea conscendit et omne prospectum late pelago petit, Anthea si quem iactatum vento videat Phrygiasque biremis, aut Capyn, aut celsis in puppibus arma Caici", + "en": "Meanwhile Aeneas climbs a peak and seeks a full view far and wide over the deep, if he may but see aught of storm-tossed Antheus and his Phrygian galleys, or of Capys or the arms of Caicus on the high stern." + }, + { + "id": 16412, + "la": "navem in conspectu nullam, tris litore cervos prospicit errantis; hos tota armenta sequuntur a tergo et longum per vallis pascitur agmen", + "en": "There is no ship in sight; he descries three stags straying on the shore; whole herds follow behind these and in long line graze down the valley." + }, + { + "id": 16413, + "la": "constitit hic arcumque manu celerisque sagittas corripuit, fidus quae tela gerebat Achates, ductoresque ipsos primum, capita alta ferentis cornibus arboreis, sternit, tum vulgus et omnem miscet agens telis nemora inter frondea turbam; nec prius absistit, quam septem ingentia victor corpora fundat humi et numerum cum navibus aequet", + "en": "Thereon he stopped and seized in his hand his bow and swift arrows, the arms borne by faithful Achates; and first he lays low the leaders themselves, their heads held high with branching antlers, then routs the herd and all the common sort, driving them with his darts amid the leafy woods. Nor does he stay his hand till seven huge forms he stretches victoriously on the ground, equal in number to his ships." + }, + { + "id": 16414, + "la": "hinc portum petit et socios partitur in omnis", + "en": "Then he seeks the harbour and divides them among all his company." + }, + { + "id": 16415, + "la": "vina bonus quae deinde cadis onerarat Acestes litore Trinacrio dederatque abeuntibus heros dividit, et dictis maerentia pectora mulcet: O socii (neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum), o passi graviora, dabit deus his quoque finem", + "en": "Next he shares the wine, which good Acestes had stowed in jars on the Trinacrian shore, and hero-like had given at parting; and, speaking thus, calms their sorrowing hearts: O comrades'for ere this we have not been ignorant of misfortune'you who have suffered worse, this also God will end." + }, + { + "id": 16416, + "la": "vos et Scyllaeam rabiem penitusque sonantis accestis scopulos, vos et Cyclopia saxa experti; revocate animos maestumque timorem mittite; forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit", + "en": "You drew near to Scyllas fury and her deep-echoing crags; you have known, too, the rocks of the Cyclopes; recall your courage and banish sad fear. Perhaps even this distress it will some day be a joy to recall." + }, + { + "id": 16417, + "la": "per varios casus, per tot discrimina rerum tendimus in Latium, sedes ubi fata quietas ostendunt; illic fas regna resurgere Troiae durate, et vosmet rebus servate secundis.", + "en": "Through varied fortunes, through countless hazards, we journey towards Latium, where fate promises a home of peace. There it is granted that Troys realm shall rise again; endure, and live for a happier day." + }, + { + "id": 16418, + "la": "Talia voce refert, curisque ingentibus aeger spem vultu simulat, premit altum corde dolorem", + "en": "Such words he spoke, while sick with deep distress he feigns hope on his face, and deep in his heart stifles his anguish." + }, + { + "id": 16419, + "la": "illi se praedae accingunt dapibusque futuris; tergora diripiunt costis et viscera nudant; pars in frusta secant veribusque trementia figunt, litore ana locant alii flammasque ministrant", + "en": "The others prepare the spoil, the feast that is to be; they flay the hides from the ribs and lay bare the flesh; some cut it into pieces and impale it, still quivering, on spits; others set cauldrons on the shore and feed them with fire." + }, + { + "id": 16420, + "la": "tum victu revocant vires, fusique per herbam implentur veteris Bacchi pinguisque ferinae", + "en": "Then with food they revive their strength, and stretched along the grass take their fill of old wine and fat venison." + }, + { + "id": 16421, + "la": "postquam exempta fames epulis mensaeque remotae, amissos longo socios sermone requirunt, spemque metumque inter dubii, seu vivere credant sive extrema pati nec iam exaudire vocatos", + "en": "When hunger was banished by the feast and the board was cleared, in long discourse they yearn for their lost comrades, between hope and fear uncertain whether to deem them still alive, or bearing the final doom and hearing no more when called." + }, + { + "id": 16422, + "la": "praecipue pius Aeneas nunc acris Oronti, nunc Amyci casum gemit et crudelia secum fata Lyci fortemque Gyan fortemque Cloanthum", + "en": "More than the rest does loyal Aeneas in silence mourn the loss now of valiant Orontes, now of Amycus, the cruel doom of Lycus, brave Gyas, and brave Cloanthus." + }, + { + "id": 16423, + "la": "Et iam finis erat, cum Iuppiter aethere summo despiciens mare velivolum terrasque iacentis litoraque et latos populos, sic vertice caeli constitit et Libyae defixit lumina regnis", + "en": "Now all was ended, when from the skys summit Jupiter looked forth upon the sail-winged sea and outspread lands, the shores and peoples far and wide, and, looking, paused on heavens height and cast his eyes on Libyas realm." + }, + { + "id": 16424, + "la": "atque illum talis iactantem pectore curas tristior et lacrimis oculos suffusa nitentis adloquitur Venus:", + "en": "And lo! as on such cares he pondered in heart, Venus, saddened and her bright eyes brimming with tears, spoke to him: You that with eternal sway rule the world of men and" + }, + { + "id": 16425, + "la": "o qui res hominumque deumque aeternis regis imperiis et fulmine terres, quid meus Aeneas in te committere tantum, quid Troes potuere, quibus tot funera passis cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis? certe hinc Romanos olim volventibus annis, hinc fore ductores, revocato a sanguine Teucri, qui mare, qui terras omnis dicione tenerent, pollicitus", + "en": "gods, and frighten with your bolt, what great crime could my Aeneas'could my Trojans'have wrought against you, to whom, after many disasters borne, the whole world is barred for Italys sake? Surely it was your promise that from them some time, as the years rolled on, the Romans were to arise; from them, even from Teucers restored line, should come rulers to hold the sea and all lands beneath their sway." + }, + { + "id": 16426, + "la": "quae te, genitor, sententia vertit? hoc equidem occasum Troiae tristisque ruinas solabar, fatis contraria fata rependens; nunc eadem fortuna viros tot casibus actos insequitur", + "en": "What thought, father, has turned you? That promise, indeed, was my comfort for Troys fall and sad overthrow, when I weighed fate against the fates opposed. Now, though tried by so many disasters, the same fortune dogs them." + }, + { + "id": 16427, + "la": "quem das finem, rex magne, laborum? Antenor potuit, mediis elapsus Achivis, Illyricos penetrare sinus atque intima tutus regna Liburnorum et fontem superare Timavi, unde per ora novem vasto cum murmure montis it mare proruptum et pelago premit arva sonanti", + "en": "What end of their toils, great king, do you grant? Antenor could escape the Achaean host, thread safely the Illyrian gulfs and inmost realms of the Liburnians, and pass the springs of Timavus, whence through nine mouths, with a mountains mighty roar, it comes a bursting flood and buries the fields under its sounding sea." + }, + { + "id": 16428, + "la": "hic tamen ille urbem Patavi sedesque locavit Teucrorum et genti nomen dedit armaque fixit Troa; nunc placida compostus pace quiescit: nos, tua progenies, caeli quibus adnuis arcem, navibus (infandum!) amissis unius ob iram prodimur atque Italis longe disiungimur oris", + "en": "Yet here he set Paduas town, a home for his Teucrians, gave a name to the race, and hung up the arms of Troy; now, settled in tranquil peace, he is at rest. But we, your offspring, to whom you grant the heights of heaven, have lost our ships'O shame unutterable!'and, to appease one angry foe, are betrayed and kept far from Italian shores." + }, + { + "id": 16429, + "la": "hic pietatis honos? sic nos in sceptra reponis? Olli subridens hominum sator atque deorum vultu, quo caelum tempestatesque serenat, oscula libavit natae, dehinc talia fatur:", + "en": "And thus is piety honoured? Is this the way you restore us to empire? Smiling on her with that look wherewith he clears sky and storms, the Father of men and gods gently kissed his daughters lips, and then spoke thus:" + }, + { + "id": 16430, + "la": "parce metu, Cytherea; manent immota tuorum fata tibi; cernes urbem et promissa Lavini moenia, sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli magnanimum Aenean; neque me sententia vertit", + "en": "Spare your fears, Lady of Cythera; your childrens fates abide unmoved. You will see Laviniums city and its promised walls; and great-souled Aeneas you will raise on high to the starry heaven. No thought has turned me." + }, + { + "id": 16431, + "la": "hic tibi (fabor enim, quando haec te cura remordet, longius et volvens fatorum arcana movebo) bellum ingens geret Italia populosque feroces contundet moresque viris et moenia ponet, tertia dum Latio regnantem viderit aestas, ternaque transierint Rutulis hiberna subactis", + "en": "This your son'for, since this care gnaws at your heart, I will speak and, further unrolling the scroll of fate, will disclose its secrets'shall wage a great war in Italy, shall crush proud nations, and for his people shall set up laws and city walls, till the third summer has seen him reigning in Latium and three winters have passed in camp since the Rutulians were laid low." + }, + { + "id": 16432, + "la": "at puer Ascanius, cui nunc cognomen Iulo additur (Ilus erat, dum res stetit Ilia regno), triginta magnos volvendis mensibus orbis imperio explebit, regnumque ab sede Lavini transferet, et Longam multa vi muniet Albam", + "en": "But the lad Ascanius, now surnamed Iulus'Ilus he was, while the Ilian state stood firm in sovereignty'shall fulfil in empire thirty great circles of rolling months, shall shift his throne from Laviniums seat, and, great in power, shall build the walls of Alba Longa." + }, + { + "id": 16433, + "la": "hic iam ter centum totos regnabitur annos gente sub Hectorea, donec regina sacerdos Marte gravis geminam partu dabit Ilia prolem", + "en": "Here then for thrice a hundred years unbroken shall the kingdom endure under Hectors race, until Ilia, a royal priestess, shall bear to Mars her twin offspring." + }, + { + "id": 16434, + "la": "inde lupae fulvo nutricis tegmine laetus Romulus excipiet gentem et Mavortia condet moenia Romanosque suo de nomine dicet", + "en": "Then Romulus, proud in the tawny hide of the she-wolf, his nurse, shall take up the line, and found the walls of Mars and call the people Romans after his own name." + }, + { + "id": 16435, + "la": "his ego nec metas rerum nec tempora pono; imperium sine fine dedi", + "en": "For these I set no bounds in space or time; but have given empire without end." + }, + { + "id": 16436, + "la": "quin aspera Iuno, quae mare nunc terrasque metu caelumque fatigat, consilia in melius referet, mecumque fovebit Romanos, rerum dominos, gentemque togatam", + "en": "Spiteful Juno, who now in her fear troubles sea and earth and sky, shall change to better counsels and with me cherish the Romans, lords of the world, and the nation of the toga." + }, + { + "id": 16437, + "la": "sic placitum", + "en": "Thus is it decreed." + }, + { + "id": 16438, + "la": "veniet lustris labentibus aetas, cum domus Assaraci Pthiam clarasque Mycenas servitio premet ac victis dominabitur Argis", + "en": "There shall come a day, as the sacred seasons glide past, when the house of Assaracus shall bring into bondage Phthia and famed Mycenae, and hold lordship over vanquished Argos." + }, + { + "id": 16439, + "la": "nascetur pulchra Troianus origine Caesar, imperium Oceano, famam qui terminet astris, Iulius, a magno demissum nomen Iulo", + "en": "From this noble line shall be born the Trojan Caesar, who shall extend his empire to the ocean, his glory to the stars, a Julius, name descended from great Iulus!" + }, + { + "id": 16440, + "la": "hunc tu olim caelo, spoliis Orientis onustum, accipies secura; vocabitur hic quoque votis", + "en": "Him, in days to come, shall you, anxious no more, welcome to heaven, laden with Eastern spoils; he, too, shall be invoked in vows." + }, + { + "id": 16441, + "la": "aspera tum positis mitescent saecula bellis; cana Fides et Vesta, Remo cum fratre Quirinus iura dabunt; dirae ferro et compagibus artis claudentur Belli portae; Furor impius intus saeva sedens super arma et centum vinctus anis post tergum nodis fremet horridus ore cruento.", + "en": "Then wars shall cease and savage ages soften; hoary Faith and Vesta, Quirinus with his brother Remus, shall give laws. The gates of war, grim with iron and close-fitting bars, shall be closed; within, impious Rage, sitting on savage arms, his hands fast bound behind with a hundred brazen knots, shall roar in the ghastliness of blood-stained lips." + }, + { + "id": 16442, + "la": "Haec ait et Maia genitum demittit ab alto, ut terrae utque novae pateant Karthaginis arces hospitio Teucris, ne fati nescia Dido finibus arceret", + "en": "So speaking, he sends the son of Maia down from heaven, that the land and towers of new-built Carthage may open to greet the Teucrians, and Dido, ignorant of fate, might not bar them from her lands." + }, + { + "id": 16443, + "la": "volat ille per aera magnum remigio alarum ac Libyae citus adstitit oris", + "en": "Through the wide air he flies on the oarage of wings, and speedily alights on the Libyan coasts." + }, + { + "id": 16444, + "la": "et iam iussa facit, ponuntque ferocia Poeni corda volente deo; in primis regina quietum accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam", + "en": "At once he does his bidding, and, God willing it, the Phoenicians lay aside their savage thoughts; above all, the queen receives a gentle mind and gracious purpose towards the Teucrians." + }, + { + "id": 16445, + "la": "At pius Aeneas, per noctem plurima volvens, ut primum lux alma data est, exire locosque explorare novos, quas vento accesserit oras, qui teneant (nam inculta videt), hominesne feraene, quaerere constituit sociisque exacta referre", + "en": "But loyal Aeneas, through the night revolving many a care, so soon as kindly light was given, determines to issue forth and explore the strange country; to learn to what coasts he has come with the wind, who dwells there, man or beast'for all he sees is waste'then bring back the tidings to his friends." + }, + { + "id": 16446, + "la": "classem in convexo nemorum sub rupe cavata arboribus clausam circum atque horrentibus umbris occulit; ipse uno graditur comitatus Achate, bina manu lato crispans hastilia ferro", + "en": "The fleet he hides in over-arching groves beneath a hollow rock, closely encircled by trees and quivering shade; then, Achates alone attending, himself strides forth, grasping in hand two shafts, tipped with broad steel." + }, + { + "id": 16447, + "la": "cui mater media sese tulit obvia silva, virginis os habitumque gerens et virginis arma, Spartanae, vel qualis equos Threissa fatigat Harpalyce volucremque fuga praevertitur Eurum", + "en": "Across his path, in the midst of the forest, came his mother, with a maidens face and mien, and a maidens arms, whether one of Sparta or such a one as Thracian Harpalyce, when she out-tires horses and outstrips the winged East Wind in flight." + }, + { + "id": 16448, + "la": "namque umeris de more habilem suspenderat arcum venatrix dederatque comam diffundere ventis, nuda genu nodoque sinus collecta fluentis", + "en": "For from her shoulders in huntress fashion she had slung the ready bow and had given her hair to the winds to scatter; her knee bare, and her flowing robes gathered in a knot." + }, + { + "id": 16449, + "la": "ac prior heus, inquit, iuvenes, monstrate, mearum vidistis si quam hic errantem forte sororum, succinctam pharetra et maculosae tegmine lyncis, aut spumantis apri cursum clamore prementem.", + "en": "Before he speaks, Ho! she cries, tell me, youths, if perchance you have seen a sister of mine here straying, girt with quiver and a dappled lynxs hide, or pressing with shouts on the track of a foaming boar." + }, + { + "id": 16450, + "la": "Sic Venus, et Veneris contra sic filius orsus: nulla tuarum audita mihi neque visa sororum, o'quam te memorem, virgo? namque haud tibi vultus mortalis, nec vox hominem sonat; o dea certe! an Phoebi soror? an Nympharum sanguinis una? sis felix nostrumque leves, quaecumque, laborem, et quo sub caelo tandem, quibus orbis in oris iactemur, doceas; ignari hominumque locorumque erramus, vento huc vastis et fluctibus acti; multa tibi ante aras nostra cadet hostia dextra.", + "en": "Thus Venus; and thus in answer Venus son began: None of your sisters have I heard or seen'but by what name should I call you, maiden? for your face is not mortal nor has your voice a human ring; O goddess surely! sister of Phoebus, or one of the race of Nymphs? Show grace to us, whoever you may be, and lighten this our burden. Inform us, pray, beneath what sky, on what coasts of the world, we are cast; knowing nothing of countries or peoples we wander driven hither by wind and huge billows. Many a victim shall fall for you at our hand before your altars." + }, + { + "id": 16451, + "la": "Tum Venus: haud equidem tali me dignor honore; virginibus Tyriis mos est gestare pharetram purpureoque alte suras vincire cothurno", + "en": "Then said Venus: Nay, I claim not such worship. Tyrian maids are wont to wear the quiver, and bind their ankles high with the purple buskin." + }, + { + "id": 16452, + "la": "Punica regna vides, Tyrios et Agenoris urbem; sed fines Libyci, genus intractabile bello", + "en": "It is the Punic realm you see, a Tyrian people, and the city of Agenor; but the bordering country is Libyan, a race unconquerable in war." + }, + { + "id": 16453, + "la": "imperium Dido Tyria regit urbe profecta, germanum fugiens", + "en": "Dido wields the sceptre'Dido, who, fleeing from her brother, came from the city of Tyre." + }, + { + "id": 16454, + "la": "longa est iniuria, longae ambages; sed summa sequar fastigia rerum", + "en": "Long would be the tale of wrong, long its winding course'but the main heads of the story I will trace." + }, + { + "id": 16455, + "la": "huic coniunx Sychaeus erat, ditissimus auri Phoenicum et magno miserae dilectus amore, cui pater intactam dederat primisque iugarat ominibus", + "en": "Her husband was Sychaeus, richest in gold of the Phoenicians, and fondly loved by unhappy Dido; to him her father had given the maiden, yoking her to him in the first bridal auspices." + }, + { + "id": 16456, + "la": "sed regna Tyri germanus habebat Pygmalion, scelere ante alios immanior omnis", + "en": "But the kingdom of Tyre was in the hands of her brother Pygmalion, monstrous in crime beyond all others." + }, + { + "id": 16457, + "la": "quos inter medius venit furor", + "en": "Between these two came frenzy." + }, + { + "id": 16458, + "la": "ille Sychaeum impius ante aras atque auri caecus amore clam ferro incautum superat, securus amorum germanae; factumque diu celavit et aegram multa malus simulans vana spe lusit amantem", + "en": "The king, impiously before the altars and blinded by lust for gold, strikes down Sychaeus unawares by stealthy blow, without a thought for his sisters love; and for long he hid the deed, and by many a pretence cunningly cheated the lovesick bride with empty hope." + }, + { + "id": 16459, + "la": "ipsa sed in somnis inhumati venit imago coniugis; ora modis attollens pallida miris crudelis aras traiectaque pectora ferro nudavit, caecumque domus scelus omne retexit", + "en": "But in her sleep came the very ghost of her unburied husband; raising his pale face in wondrous wise, he laid bare the cruel altars and his breast pierced with steel, unveiling all the secret horror of the house." + }, + { + "id": 16460, + "la": "tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet auxiliumque viae veteres tellure recludit thesauros, ignotum argenti pondus et auri", + "en": "Then he bids her take speedy flight and leave her country, and to aid her journey brought to light treasures long hidden underground, a mass of gold and silver known to none." + }, + { + "id": 16461, + "la": "his commota fugam Dido sociosque parabat", + "en": "Moved by this, Dido made ready her flight and her company." + }, + { + "id": 16462, + "la": "conveniunt quibus aut odium crudele tyranni aut metus acer erat; navis, quae forte paratae, corripiunt onerantque auro; portantur avari Pygmalionis opes pelago; dux femina facti", + "en": "Then all assemble who felt towards the tyrant relentless hatred or keen fear; ships, which by chance were ready, they seize and load with gold; the wealth of grasping Pygmalion is borne overseas, the leader of the enterprise a woman." + }, + { + "id": 16463, + "la": "devenere locos ubi nunc ingentia cernes moenia surgentemque novae Karthaginis arcem, mercatique solum, facti de nomine Byrsam, taurino quantum possent circumdare tergo iura magistratusque legunt sanctumque senatum", + "en": "They came to the place where today you will see the huge walls and rising citadel of new Carthage, and bought ground'Byrsa they called it therefrom'as much as they could encompass with a bulls hide, and they are choosing laws and magistrates, and an august senate." + }, + { + "id": 16464, + "la": "sed vos qui tandem? quibus aut venistis ab oris? quove tenetis iter? quaerenti talibus ille suspirans imoque trahens a pectore vocem: O dea, si prima repetens ab origine pergam et vacet annalis nostrorum audire laborum, ante diem clauso componet Vesper Olympo", + "en": "But who, pray, are you, or from what coasts come, or whither hold you your course? As she questioned thus he replied, sighing and drawing every word deep from his breast: O goddess, should I, tracing back from the first beginning, go on to tell, and you have leisure to hear the story of our woes, sooner would heaven close and evening lay the day to rest." + }, + { + "id": 16465, + "la": "nos Troia antiqua, si vestras forte per auris Troiae nomen iit, diversa per aequora vectos forte sua Libycis tempestas appulit oris", + "en": "From ancient Troy, if perchance the name of Troy has come to your ears, sailing over distant seas, the storm at its own caprice drove us to the Libyan coast." + }, + { + "id": 16466, + "la": "sum pius Aeneas, raptos qui ex hoste penates classe veho mecum, fama super aethera notus; Italiam quaero patriam et genus ab Iove summo", + "en": "I am the loyal Aeneas, who carry with me in my fleet my household gods, snatched from the foe; my fame is known to the heavens above. It is Italy I seek, my fathers land, and a race sprung from Jupiter most high." + }, + { + "id": 16467, + "la": "bis denis Phrygium conscendi navibus aequor, matre dea monstrante viam, data fata secutus; vix septem convulsae undis Euroque supersunt", + "en": "With twice ten ships I embarked on the Phrygian sea, following the fates declared, my goddess-mother pointing me the way; scarcely do seven remain, shattered by waves and wind." + }, + { + "id": 16468, + "la": "ipse ignotus, egens, Libyae deserta peragro, Europa atque Asia pulsus.", + "en": "Myself unknown and destitute, I wander over the Libyan wastes, driven from Europe and from Asia." + }, + { + "id": 16469, + "la": "nec plura querentem passa Venus medio sic interfata dolore est: Quisquis es, haud, credo, invisus caelestibus auras vitalis carpis, Tyriam qui adveneris urbem", + "en": "His further complaint Venus suffered not, but in the midst of his lament broke in thus: Whoever you are, not hateful, I think, to the powers of heaven do you draw the breath of life, since you have reached the Tyrian city." + }, + { + "id": 16470, + "la": "perge modo atque hinc te reginae ad limina perfer", + "en": "Only go forward and make your way to the queens palace." + }, + { + "id": 16471, + "la": "namque tibi reduces socios classemque relatam nuntio et in tutum versis Aquilonibus actam, ni frustra augurium vani docuere parentes", + "en": "For I bring you tidings of your comrades restored and of your fleet recovered, driven to safe haven by shifting winds'unless my parents were false, and vain the augury they taught me." + }, + { + "id": 16472, + "la": "aspice bis senos laetantis agmine cycnos, aetheria quos lapsa plaga Iovis ales aperto turbabat caelo; nunc terras ordine longo aut capere aut captas iam despectare videntur", + "en": "Look at those twelve swans in exultant line, which Joves bird, swooping from the expanse of heaven, was harrying in the open air; now in long array they seem either to be settling in their places or already to be gazing down on the places where others have settled." + }, + { + "id": 16473, + "la": "ut reduces illi ludunt stridentibus alis et coetu cinxere polum cantusque dedere, haud aliter puppesque tuae pubesque tuorum aut portum tenet aut pleno subit ostia velo", + "en": "As they, returning, sport with rustling wings, and in company have circled the sky and uttered their songs, with like joy your ships and the men of your company have reached harbour already or under full sail enter the rivers mouth." + }, + { + "id": 16474, + "la": "perge modo et, qua te ducit via, derige gressum.", + "en": "Only go forward and where the path leads you, direct your steps!" + }, + { + "id": 16475, + "la": "Dixit et avertens rosea cervice refulsit, ambrosiaeque comae divinum vertice odorem spiravere; pedes vestis defluxit ad imos, et vera incessu patuit dea", + "en": "She spoke, and as she turned away, her roseate neck flashed bright. From her head her ambrosial tresses breathed celestial fragrance; down to her feet fell her raiment, and in her step she was revealed a very goddess." + }, + { + "id": 16476, + "la": "ille ubi matrem agnovit, tali fugientem est voce secutus: quid natum totiens, crudelis tu quoque, falsis ludis imaginibus? cur dextrae iungere dextram non datur ac veras audire et reddere voces? talibus incusat gressumque ad moenia tendit", + "en": "He knew her for his mother, and as she fled pursued her with these words: Why, cruel like others, do you so often mock your son with vain phantoms? Why am I not allowed to clasp hand in hand and hear and utter words unfeigned? Thus he reproaches her and bends his steps towards the city." + }, + { + "id": 16477, + "la": "at Venus obscuro gradientis are saepsit et multo nebulae circum dea fudit amictu, cernere ne quis eos neu quis contingere posset molirive moram aut veniendi poscere causas", + "en": "But Venus shrouded them, as they went, with dusky air, and enveloped them, goddess as she was, in a thick mantle of cloud, that none might see or touch them, none delay or seek the cause of their coming." + }, + { + "id": 16478, + "la": "ipsa Paphum sublimis abit sedesque revisit laeta suas, ubi templum illi centumque Sabaeo ture calent arae sertisque recentibus halant", + "en": "She herself through the sky goes her way to Paphos, and joyfully revisits her abode, where the temple and its hundred altars steam with Sabaean incense and are fragrant with garlands ever fresh." + }, + { + "id": 16479, + "la": "Corripuere viam interea, qua semita monstrat", + "en": "Meanwhile they sped on the road where the pathway points." + }, + { + "id": 16480, + "la": "iamque ascendebant collem, qui plurimus urbi imminet adversasque aspectat desuper arces", + "en": "And now they were climbing the hill that looms large over the city and looks down on the confronting towers." + }, + { + "id": 16481, + "la": "miratur molem Aeneas, magalia quondam, miratur portas strepitumque et strata viarum", + "en": "Aeneas marvels at the massive buildings, mere huts once; marvels at the gates, the din and paved high-roads." + }, + { + "id": 16482, + "la": "instant ardentes Tyrii, pars ducere muros molirique arcem et manibus subvolvere saxa, pars optare locum tecto et concludere sulco;", + "en": "Eagerly the Tyrians press on, some to build walls, to rear the citadel, and roll up stones by hand; some to choose the site for a dwelling and enclose it with a furrow." + }, + { + "id": 16483, + "la": "hic portus alii effodiunt, hic alta theatri fundamenta locant alii, immanisque columnas rupibus excidunt, scaenis decora apta futuris", + "en": "Here some are digging harbours, here others lay the deep foundations of their theatre and hew out of the cliffs vast columns, fit adornments for the stage to be." + }, + { + "id": 16484, + "la": "qualis apes aestate nova per florea rura exercet sub sole labor, cum gentis adultos educunt fetus, aut cum liquentia mella stipant et dulci distendunt nectare cellas, aut onera accipiunt venientum, aut agmine facto ignavum fucos pecus a praesepibus arcent; fervet opus redolentque thymo fragrantia mella", + "en": "Just as bees in early summer, amid flowery fields, ply their task in sunshine, when they lead forth the full-grown young of their race, or pack the fluid honey and strain their cells to bursting with sweet nectar, or receive the burdens of incomers, or in martial array drive from their folds the drones, a lazy herd; all aglow is the work and the fragrant honey is sweet with thyme." + }, + { + "id": 16485, + "la": "o fortunati, quorum iam moenia surgunt! Aeneas ait et fastigia suspicit urbis", + "en": "Happy they whose walls already rise! cries Aeneas, lifting his eyes towards the city roofs." + }, + { + "id": 16486, + "la": "infert se saeptus nebula (mirabile dictu) per medios miscetque viris neque cernitur ulli", + "en": "Veiled in a cloud, he enters'wondrous to tell'through their midst, and mingles with the people, seen by none!" + }, + { + "id": 16487, + "la": "Lucus in urbe fuit media, laetissimus umbrae, quo primum iactati undis et turbine Poeni effodere loco signum, quod regia Iuno monstrarat, caput acris equi; sic nam fore bello egregiam et facilem victu per saecula gentem", + "en": "Amid the city was a grove, luxuriant in shade, the spot where first the Phoenicians, tossed by waves and whirlwind, dug up the token which queenly Juno had pointed out, a head of the spirited horse; for thus was the race to be famous in war and rich in substance through the ages." + }, + { + "id": 16488, + "la": "hic templum Iunoni ingens Sidonia Dido condebat, donis opulentum et numine divae, aerea cui gradibus surgebant limina, nexaeque aere trabes, foribus cardo stridebat aenis", + "en": "Here Sidonian Dido was founding to Juno a mighty temple, rich in gifts and the presence of the goddess. Brazen was its threshold uprising on steps; bronze plates were its lintel beams, on doors of bronze creaked the hinges." + }, + { + "id": 16489, + "la": "hoc primum in luco nova res oblata timorem leniit, hic primum Aeneas sperare salutem ausus et adflictis melius confidere rebus", + "en": "In this grove first did a strange sight appear to him and allay his fears; here first did Aeneas dare to hope for safety and put surer trust in his shattered fortunes." + }, + { + "id": 16490, + "la": "namque sub ingenti lustrat dum singula templo, reginam opperiens, dum, quae fortuna sit urbi, artificumque manus inter se operumque laborem miratur, videt Iliacas ex ordine pugnas bellaque iam fama totum vulgata per orbem, Atridas Priamumque et saevum ambobus Achillem", + "en": "For while beneath the mighty temple, awaiting the queen, he scans each object, while he marvels at the citys fortune, the handicraft of the several artists and the work of their toil, he sees in due order the battles of Ilium, the warfare now known by fame throughout the world, the sons of Atreus, and Priam, and Achilles, fierce in his wrath against both." + }, + { + "id": 16491, + "la": "constitit et lacrimans, quis iam locus, inquit, Achate, quae regio in terris nostri non plena laboris? en Priamus! sunt hic etiam sua praemia laudi; sunt lacrimae rerum et mentem mortalia tangunt", + "en": "He stopped and weeping cried: Is there any place, Achates, any land on earth not full of our sorrow? See, there is Priam! Here, too, virtue finds its due reward; here, too, are tears for misfortune and human sorrows pierce the heart." + }, + { + "id": 16492, + "la": "solve metus; feret haec aliquam tibi fama salutem.", + "en": "Dispel your fears; this fame will bring you some salvation." + }, + { + "id": 16493, + "la": "Sic ait, atque animum pictura pascit inani multa gemens, largoque umectat flumine vultum", + "en": "So he speaks, and feasts his soul on the unsubstantial portraiture, sighing oft, and his face wet with a flood of tears." + }, + { + "id": 16494, + "la": "namque videbat, uti bellantes Pergama circum hac fugerent Grai, premeret Troiana iuventus, hac Phryges, instaret curru cristatus Achilles", + "en": "For he saw how, as they fought round Pergamus, here the Greeks were in rout, the Trojan youth hard on their heels; there fled the Phrygians, plumed Achilles in his chariot pressing them close." + }, + { + "id": 16495, + "la": "nec procul hinc Rhesi niveis tentoria velis agnoscit lacrimans, primo quae prodita somno Tydides multa vastabat caede cruentus, ardentisque avertit equos in castra, prius quam pabula gustassent Troiae Xanthumque bibissent", + "en": "Not far away he discerns with tears the snowy-canvassed tents of Rhesus, which, betrayed in their first sleep, the blood-stained son of Tydeus laid waste with many a death, and turned the fiery steeds away to the camp, before they could taste Trojan fodder or drink of Xanthus." + }, + { + "id": 16496, + "la": "parte alia fugiens amissis Troilus armis, infelix puer atque impar congressus Achilli, fertur equis curruque haeret resupinus inani, lora tenens tamen; huic cervixque comaeque trahuntur per terram et versa pulvis inscribitur hasta", + "en": "Elsewhere Troilus, his armour flung away in flight'unhappy boy, and ill-matched in conflict with Achilles'is carried along by his horses and, fallen backward, clings to the empty car, still clasping the reins; his neck and hair are dragged over the ground, and the dust is scored by his reversed spear." + }, + { + "id": 16497, + "la": "interea ad templum non aequae Palladis ibant crinibus Iliades passis peplumque ferebant, suppliciter tristes et tunsae pectora palmis; diva solo fixos oculos aversa tenebat", + "en": "Meanwhile, to the temple of unfriendly Pallas the Trojan women passed along with streaming tresses, and bore the robe, mourning in suppliant guise and beating breasts with hands: with averted face the goddess kept her eyes fast upon the ground." + }, + { + "id": 16498, + "la": "ter circum Iliacos raptaverat Hectora muros exanimumque auro corpus vendebat Achilles", + "en": "Thrice had Achilles dragged Hector round the walls of Troy and was selling the lifeless body for gold." + }, + { + "id": 16499, + "la": "tum vero ingentem gemitum dat pectore ab imo, ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici tendentemque manus Priamum conspexit inermis", + "en": "Then indeed from the bottom of his heart he heaves a deep groan, as the spoils, as the chariot, as the very corpse of his friend met his gaze, and Priam outstretching weaponless hands." + }, + { + "id": 16500, + "la": "se quoque principibus permixtum agnovit Achivis, Eoasque acies et nigri Memnonis arma", + "en": "Himself, too, in close combat with the Achaean chiefs, he recognized, and the Eastern ranks, and black Memnons armour." + }, + { + "id": 16501, + "la": "ducit Amazonidum lunatis agmina peltis Penthesilea furens mediisque in milibus ardet, aurea subnectens exsertae cingula mammae, bellatrix, audetque viris concurrere virgo", + "en": "Penthesilea in fury leads the crescent-shielded ranks of the Amazons and blazes amid her thousands; a golden belt she binds below her naked breast, and, as a warrior queen, dares battle, a maid clashing with men." + }, + { + "id": 16502, + "la": "Haec dum Dardanio Aeneae miranda videntur, dum stupet obtutuque haeret defixus in uno, regina ad templum, forma pulcherrima Dido, incessit, magna iuvenum stipante caterva", + "en": "While these wondrous sights are seen by Dardan Aeneas, while in amazement he hangs rapt in one fixed gaze, the queen, Dido, moved towards the temple, of surpassing beauty, with a vast company of youths thronging round her." + }, + { + "id": 16503, + "la": "qualis in Eurotae ripis aut per iuga Cynthi exercet Diana choros, quam mille secutae hinc atque hinc glomerantur Oreades; illa pharetram fert umero gradiensque deas supereminet omnis; Latonae tacitum pertemptant gaudia pectus: talis erat Dido, talem se laeta ferebat per medios, instans operi regnisque futuris", + "en": "Even as on Eurotas banks or along the heights of Cynthus Diana guides her dancing bands, in whose train a thousand Oreads troop to right and left; she bears a quiver on her shoulder, and as she treads overtops all the goddesses; joys thrill Latonas silent breast'such was Dido, so moved she joyously through their midst, pressing on the work of her rising kingdom." + }, + { + "id": 16504, + "la": "tum foribus divae, media testudine templi, saepta armis solioque alte subnixa resedit", + "en": "Then at the door of the goddess, beneath the temples central dome, girt with arms and high enthroned, she took her seat." + }, + { + "id": 16505, + "la": "iura dabat legesque viris, operumque laborem partibus aequabat iustis aut sorte trahebat: cum subito Aeneas concursu accedere magno Anthea Sergestumque videt fortemque Cloanthum Teucrorumque alios, ater quos aequore turbo dispulerat penitusque alias avexerat oras", + "en": "Laws and ordinances she gave to her people; their tasks she adjusted in equal shares or assigned by lot; when suddenly Aeneas sees approaching, in the midst of a great crowd, Antheus and Sergestus and brave Cloanthus with others of the Trojans, whom the black storm had scattered on the sea and driven far away to other coasts." + }, + { + "id": 16506, + "la": "obstipuit simul ipse, simul percussus Achates laetitiaque metuque; avidi coniungere dextras ardebant, sed res animos incognita turbat", + "en": "Amazed was he; amazed, too, was Achates, thrilled with joy and fear. They burned with eagerness to clasp hands, but the uncertain event confuses their hearts." + }, + { + "id": 16507, + "la": "dissimulant et nube cava speculantur amicti, quae fortuna viris, classem quo litore linquant, quid veniant; cunctis nam lecti navibus ibant orantes veniam et templum clamore petebant", + "en": "They keep hidden, and, clothed in the enfolding cloud, look to see what is their comrades fortune, on what shore they leave the fleet, and why they come; for from all the ships chosen men advanced, craving grace, and with loud cries made for the temple." + }, + { + "id": 16508, + "la": "Postquam introgressi et coram data copia fandi, maximus Ilioneus placido sic pectore coepit: o regina, novam cui condere Iuppiter urbem iustitiaque dedit gentes frenare superbas, Troes te miseri, ventis maria omnia vecti, oramus: prohibe infandos a navibus ignis, parce pio generi et propius res aspice nostras", + "en": "When they had entered, and freedom to speak before the queen was granted, the eldest, Ilioneus, with placid mien thus began: Queen, to whom Jupiter has granted to found a new city, and to put the curb of justice on haughty tribes, we, unhappy Trojans, tempest-driven over every sea, make our prayer to you: ward off the horror of flames from our ships; spare a pious race, and look more graciously on our fortunes." + }, + { + "id": 16509, + "la": "non nos aut ferro Libycos populare Penates venimus aut raptas ad litora vertere praedas; non ea vis animo nec tanta superbia victis", + "en": "We have not come to spoil with the sword your Libyan homes or to drive stolen booty to the shore. No such violence is in our hearts, nor have the vanquished such assurance." + }, + { + "id": 16510, + "la": "est locus, Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt, terra antiqua, potens armis atque ubere glaebae; Oenotri coluere viri, nunc fama minores Italiam dixisse ducis de nomine gentem", + "en": "A place there is, by Greeks named Hesperia, an ancient land, mighty in arms and wealth of soil. There dwelt Oenotrians; now the rumour is that a younger race has called it from their leaders name, Italy." + }, + { + "id": 16511, + "la": "hic cursus fuit", + "en": "Here was our course" + }, + { + "id": 16512, + "la": "cum subito adsurgens fluctu nimbosus Orion in vada caeca tulit penitusque procacibus Austris perque undas superante salo perque invia saxa dispulit; huc pauci vestris adnavimus oris", + "en": "when, rising with sudden swell, stormy Orion bore us on hidden shoals and with fierce blasts scattered us afar amid pathless rocks and waves of overwhelming surge; hither to your shores have we few drifted." + }, + { + "id": 16513, + "la": "quod genus hoc hominum? quaeve hunc tam barbara morem permittit patria? hospitio prohibemur harenae; bella cient primaque vetant consistere terra", + "en": "What race of men is this? What land is so barbarous as to allow this custom? We are debarred the welcome of the beach; they stir up wars and forbid us to set foot on the border of their land." + }, + { + "id": 16514, + "la": "si genus humanum et mortalia temnitis arma, at sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi", + "en": "If you think light of human kinship and mortal arms, yet look unto gods who will remember right and wrong." + }, + { + "id": 16515, + "la": "rex erat Aeneas nobis, quo iustior alter nec pietate fuit, nec bello maior et armis", + "en": "A king we had, Aeneas: none more just or dutiful than he, or more renowned in war and arms." + }, + { + "id": 16516, + "la": "quem si fata virum servant, si vescitur aura aetheria neque adhuc crudelibus occubat umbris, non metus, officio nec te certasse priorem paeniteat", + "en": "If fate still preserves that hero, if he feeds on the air of heaven and lies not yet in the cruel shades, we have no fear, nor would you regret to have taken the first step in the strife of courtesy." + }, + { + "id": 16517, + "la": "sunt et Siculis regionibus urbes armaque, Troianoque a sanguine clarus Acestes", + "en": "In Sicilian regions, too, there are cities and a supply of arms, and a prince of Trojan blood, famed Acestes." + }, + { + "id": 16518, + "la": "quassatam ventis liceat subducere classem et silvis aptare trabes et stringere remos, si datur Italiam sociis et rege recepto tendere, ut Italiam laeti Latiumque petamus; sin absumpta salus, et te, pater optime Teucrum, pontus habet Libyae nec spes iam restat Iuli, at freta Sicaniae saltem sedesque paratas, unde huc advecti, regemque petamus Acesten.", + "en": "Grant us to beach our storm-battered fleet, to fashion planks in the forests and trim oars, so that, if we are granted to find king and comrades and steer our course to Italy, Italy and Latium we may gladly seek; but if our salvation is cut off, if you, noble father of the Trojan people, are the prey of the Libyan gulf, and a nations hope no longer lives in Iulus, that we at least may seek the straits of Sicily, whence we came hither, and the homes there ready, and Acestes for our king." + }, + { + "id": 16519, + "la": "talibus Ilioneus; cuncti simul ore fremebant Dardanidae", + "en": "So spoke Ilioneus, and all the sons of Dardanus loudly shouted assent" + }, + { + "id": 16520, + "la": "Tum breviter Dido vultum demissa profatur: solvite corde metum, Teucri, secludite curas", + "en": "Then Dido, lowering her eyes, briefly speaks: Free your hearts of fear, Teucrians; put away your cares." + }, + { + "id": 16521, + "la": "res dura et regni novitas me talia cogunt moliri et late finis custode tueri", + "en": "Stern necessity and the new estate of my kingdom force me to do such hard deeds and protect my frontiers far and wide with guards." + }, + { + "id": 16522, + "la": "quis genus Aeneadum, quis Troiae nesciat urbem virtutesque virosque aut tanti incendia belli? non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni, nec tam aversus equos Tyria Sol iungit ab urbe", + "en": "Who could be ignorant of the race of Aeneas people, who of Troys town and her brave deeds and brave men, or of the fires of that great war? Not so dull are our Punic hearts, and not so far from this Tyrian city does the sun yoke his steeds." + }, + { + "id": 16523, + "la": "seu vos Hesperiam magnam Saturniaque arva sive Erycis finis regemque optatis Acesten, auxilio tutos dimittam opibusque iuvabo", + "en": "Whether your choice be great Hesperia and the fields of Saturn, or the lands of Eryx and Acestes for your king, I will send you hence guarded by an escort, and aid you with my wealth." + }, + { + "id": 16524, + "la": "vultis et his mecum pariter considere regnis? urbem quam statuo vestra est; subducite navis; Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur", + "en": "Or is it your wish to settle with me on even terms within these realms? The city I build is yours; draw up your ships; Trojan and Tyrian I shall treat alike." + }, + { + "id": 16525, + "la": "atque utinam rex ipse Noto compulsus eodem adforet Aeneas! equidem per litora certos dimittam et Libyae lustrare extrema iubebo, si quibus eiectus silvis aut urbibus errat.", + "en": "And would that your king were here, driven by the same wind'Aeneas himself! Nay, I will send trusty scouts along the coast and bid them traverse the ends of Libya, if perchance he strays shipwrecked in forest or in town." + }, + { + "id": 16526, + "la": "His animum arrecti dictis et fortis Achates et pater Aeneas iamdudum erumpere nubem ardebant", + "en": "Stirred in spirit by these words, brave Achates and father Aeneas had long burned to break through the cloud." + }, + { + "id": 16527, + "la": "prior Aenean compellat Achates: nate dea, quae nunc animo sententia surgit? omnia tuta vides, classem sociosque receptos", + "en": "First Achates addresses Aeneas: Goddess-born, what purpose now rises in your heart? You see that all is safe, comrades and fleet restored." + }, + { + "id": 16528, + "la": "unus abest, medio in fluctu quem vidimus ipsi submersum; dictis respondent cetera matris.", + "en": "One only is wanting, whom our own eyes saw engulfed amid the waves; all else agrees with your mothers words." + }, + { + "id": 16529, + "la": "Vix ea fatus erat, cum circumfusa repente scindit se nubes et in aethera purgat apertum", + "en": "Scarce had he said this, when the encircling cloud suddenly parts and clears into open heaven." + }, + { + "id": 16530, + "la": "restitit Aeneas claraque in luce refulsit, os umerosque deo similis; namque ipsa decoram caesariem nato genetrix lumenque iuventae purpureum et laetos oculis adflarat honores; quale manus addunt ebori decus, aut ubi flavo argentum Pariusve lapis circumdatur auro", + "en": "Aeneas stood forth, gleaming in the clear light, godlike in face and shoulders; for his mother herself had shed upon her son the beauty of flowing locks, with youths ruddy bloom, and on his eyes a joyous lustre; even as the beauty which the hand gives to ivory, or when silver or Parian marble is set in yellow gold." + }, + { + "id": 16531, + "la": "tum sic reginam adloquitur cunctisque repente improvisus ait: coram, quem quaeritis, adsum, Trous Aeneas, Libycis ereptus ab undis", + "en": "Then thus he addresses the queen, and, unforeseen by all, suddenly speaks: I, whom you seek, am here before you, Aeneas of Troy, snatched from the Libyan waves." + }, + { + "id": 16532, + "la": "o sola infandos Troiae miserata labores, quae nos, reliquias Danaum, terraeque marisque omnibus exhaustos iam casibus, omnium egenos, urbe, domo socias, grates persolvere dignas non opis est nostrae, Dido, nec quidquid ubique est gentis Dardaniae, magnum quae sparsa per orbem", + "en": "O you who alone have pitied Troys unutterable woes, you who grant us'the remnant left by the Greeks, now outworn by every mischance of land and sea, and destitute of all'a share in your city and home, to pay you fitting thanks, Dido, is not in our power, nor in theirs who anywhere survive of Trojan race, scattered over the wide world." + }, + { + "id": 16533, + "la": "di tibi, si qua pios respectant numina, si quid usquam iustitiae est, et mens sibi conscia recti praemia digna ferant", + "en": "May the gods, if any divine powers have regard for the good, if there is any justice anywhere'may the gods and the consciousness of right bring you worthy rewards!" + }, + { + "id": 16534, + "la": "quae te tam laeta tulerunt saecula? qui tanti talem genuere parentes? in freta dum fluvii current, dum montibus umbrae lustrabunt convexa, polus dum sidera pascet, semper honos nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt, quae me cumque vocant terrae.", + "en": "What happy ages bore you? What glorious parents gave birth to so noble a child? While rivers run to ocean, while on the mountains shadows move over slopes, while heaven feeds the stars, ever shall your honour, your name, and your praises abide, whatever be the lands that summon me!" + }, + { + "id": 16535, + "la": "sic fatus, amicum Ilionea petit dextra laevaque Serestum, post alios, fortemque Gyan fortemque Cloanthum", + "en": "So saying, he grasps his dear Ilioneus with the right hand, and with the left Serestus; then others, brave Gyas and brave Cloanthus." + }, + { + "id": 16536, + "la": "Obstipuit primo aspectu Sidonia Dido, casu deinde viri tanto, et sic ore locuta est: quis te, nate dea, per tanta pericula casus insequitur? quae vis immanibus applicat oris? tune ille Aeneas, quem Dardanio Anchisae alma Venus Phrygii genuit Simoentis ad undam? atque equidem Teucrum memini Sidona venire finibus expulsum patriis, nova regna petentem auxilio Beli; genitor tum Belus opimam vastabat Cyprum et victor dicione tenebat", + "en": "Sidonian Dido was amazed, first at the sight of the hero, then at his strange misfortune, and thus her lips made utterance: What fate pursues you, goddess-born, amidst such perils? What violence drives you to savage shores? Are you that Aeneas whom gracious Venus bore to Dardanian Anchises by the wave of Phrygian Simois? Indeed, I myself remember well Teucers coming to Sidon, when exiled from his native land he sought a new kingdom by aid of Belus; my father Belus was then wasting rich Cyprus, and held it under his victorious sway." + }, + { + "id": 16537, + "la": "tempore iam ex illo casus mihi cognitus urbis Troianae nomenque tuum regesque Pelasgi", + "en": "From that time on the fall of the Trojan city has been known to me; known, too, your name and the Pelasgian kings." + }, + { + "id": 16538, + "la": "ipse hostis Teucros insigni laude ferebat seque ortum antiqua Teucrorum ab stirpe volebat", + "en": "Foe though he was, he often lauded the Teucrians with highest praise and claimed that he was sprung from the Teucrians ancient stock." + }, + { + "id": 16539, + "la": "quare agite, o tectis, iuvenes, succedite nostris", + "en": "Come therefore, sirs, and pass within our halls." + }, + { + "id": 16540, + "la": "me quoque per multos similis fortuna labores iactatam hac demum voluit consistere terra", + "en": "Me, too, has a like fortune driven through many toils, and willed that in this land I should at last find rest." + }, + { + "id": 16541, + "la": "non ignara mali miseris succurrere disco.", + "en": "Not ignorant of ill I learn to aid distress." + }, + { + "id": 16542, + "la": "Sic memorat; simul Aenean in regia ducit tecta, simul divum templis indicit honorem", + "en": "Thus she speaks, and at once leads Aeneas into the royal house; at once proclaims a sacrifice at the temples of the gods." + }, + { + "id": 16543, + "la": "nec minus interea sociis ad litora mittit viginti tauros, magnorum horrentia centum terga suum, pinguis centum cum matribus agnos, munera laetitiamque dei", + "en": "Meanwhile not less careful is she to send his comrades on the shore twenty bulls, a hundred huge swine with bristling backs, a hundred fatted lambs with their ewes, the joyous gifts of the god" + }, + { + "id": 16544, + "la": "at domus interior regali splendida luxu instruitur, mediisque parant convivia tectis: arte laboratae vestes ostroque superbo, ingens argentum mensis, caelataque in auro fortia facta patrum, series longissima rerum per tot ducta viros antiqua ab origine gentis", + "en": "But the palace within is laid out with the splendour of princely pomp, and amid the halls they prepare a banquet. Coverlets there are, skilfully embroidered and of royal purple; on the tables is massive silver plate, and in gold are graven the doughty deeds of her sires, a long, long course of exploits traced through many a hero from the early dawn of the race." + }, + { + "id": 16545, + "la": "Aeneas (neque enim patrius consistere mentem passus amor) rapidum ad navis praemittit Achaten, Ascanio ferat haec ipsumque ad moenia ducat; omnis in Ascanio cari stat cura parentis", + "en": "Aeneas'for a fathers love did not suffer his heart to rest'speedily sends Achates forward to the ships to carry this news to Ascanius and lead him to the city; in Ascanius all his fond parental care is centred." + }, + { + "id": 16546, + "la": "munera praeterea, Iliacis erepta ruinis, ferre iubet, pallam signis auroque rigentem, et circumtextum croceo velamen acantho, ornatus Argivae Helenae, quos illa Mycenis, Pergama cum peteret inconcessosque hymenaeos, extulerat, matris Ledae mirabile donum; praeterea sceptrum, Ilione quod gesserat olim, b maxima natarum Priami, colloque monile bacatum et duplicem gemmis auroque coronam", + "en": "Presents, too, snatched from the wreck of Ilium, he bids him bring, a mantle stiff with figures wrought in gold, and a veil fringed with yellow acanthus, once worn by Argive Helen when she sailed for Pergamus and her unlawful marriage'she had brought them from Mycenae, the wondrous gift of her mother Leda'the sceptre too, which Ilione, Priams eldest daughter, once had borne, a necklace hung with pearls, and a coronet with double circlet of jewels and gold." + }, + { + "id": 16547, + "la": "haec celerans iter ad navis tendebat Achates", + "en": "Speeding these commands, Achates bent his way towards the ships." + }, + { + "id": 16548, + "la": "At Cytherea novas artes, nova pectore versat consilia, ut faciem mutatus et ora Cupido pro dulci Ascanio veniat, donisque furentem incendat reginam atque ossibus implicet ignem: quippe domum timet ambiguam Tyriosque bilinguis;", + "en": "But the Cytherean revolves in her breast new wiles, new schemes; how Cupid, changed in face and form, may come in the stead of sweet Ascanius, and by his gifts kindle the queen to madness and send the flame into her very marrow. In truth, she fears the uncertain house and double-tongued Tyrians;" + }, + { + "id": 16549, + "la": "urit atrox Iuno et sub noctem cura recursat", + "en": "Junos fury chafes her, and at nightfall her care rushes back." + }, + { + "id": 16550, + "la": "ergo his aligerum dictis adfatur Amorem: Nate, meae vires, mea magna potentia, solus, nate, patris summi qui tela Typhoa temnis, ad te confugio et supplex tua numina posco", + "en": "Therefore to winged Love she speaks these words: Son, my strength, my mighty power'O son, who alone scorn the mighty fathers Typhoean 21 darts, to you I flee and suppliant sue your godhead." + }, + { + "id": 16551, + "la": "frater ut Aeneas pelago tuus omnia circum litora iactetur odiis Iunonis acerbae, nota tibi, et nostro doluisti saepe dolore", + "en": "How your brother Aeneas is tossed on the sea about all coasts by bitter Junos hate is known to you, and often have you grieved in our grief." + }, + { + "id": 16552, + "la": "nunc Phoenissa tenet Dido blandisque moratur vocibus, et vereor, quo se Iunonia vertant hospitia; haud tanto cessabit cardine rerum", + "en": "Phoenician Dido now holds him, staying him with soft words, and I dread what may be the outcome of Junos hospitality; at such a turning point of fortune she will not be idle." + }, + { + "id": 16553, + "la": "quocirca capere ante dolis et cingere flamma reginam meditor, ne quo se numine mutet, sed magno Aeneae mecum teneatur amore", + "en": "Wherefore I purpose to outwit the queen with guile and encircle her with loves flame, that so no power may change her, but on my side she may be held fast in strong love for Aeneas." + }, + { + "id": 16554, + "la": "qua facere id possis, nostram nunc accipe mentem", + "en": "How you can do this take now my thought." + }, + { + "id": 16555, + "la": "regius accitu cari genitoris ad urbem Sidoniam puer ire parat, mea maxima cura, dona ferens pelago et flammis restantia Troiae", + "en": "The princely boy, my chiefest care, at his dear fathers bidding, makes ready to go to the Sidonian city, bearing gifts that survive the sea and the flames of Troy." + }, + { + "id": 16556, + "la": "hunc ego sopitum somno super alta Cythera aut super Idalium sacrata sede recondam, ne qua scire dolos mediusve occurrere possit", + "en": "Him will I lull to sleep, and on the heights of Cythera or of Idalium will hide in my sacred shrine, so that he may by no means learn my wiles or come between to thwart them." + }, + { + "id": 16557, + "la": "tu faciem illius noctem non amplius unam falle dolo, et notos pueri puer indue vultus, ut, cum te gremio accipiet laetissima Dido regalis inter mensas laticemque Lyaeum, cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet, occultum inspires ignem fallasque veneno.", + "en": "For but a single night, feign by craft his form and, boy that you are, don the boys familiar face, so that when, in the fullness of her joy, amid the royal feast and the flowing wine, Dido takes you to her bosom, embraces you and imprints sweet kisses, you may breathe into her a hidden fire and beguile her with your poison." + }, + { + "id": 16558, + "la": "paret Amor dictis carae genetricis et alas exuit et gressu gaudens incedit Iuli", + "en": "Love obeys his dear mothers words, lays by his wings, and walks joyously with the step of Iulus." + }, + { + "id": 16559, + "la": "at Venus Ascanio placidam per membra quietem inrigat, et fotum gremio dea tollit in altos Idaliae lucos, ubi mollis amaracus illum floribus et dulci adspirans complectitur umbra", + "en": "But Venus pours over the limbs of Ascanius the dew of gentle repose and, fondling him in her bosom, uplifts him with divine power to Idalias high groves, where soft marjoram enwraps him in flowers and the breath of its sweet shade." + }, + { + "id": 16560, + "la": "Iamque ibat dicto parens et dona Cupido regia portabat Tyriis, duce laetus Achate", + "en": "And now, obedient to her word and rejoicing in Achates as guide, Cupid went forth, carrying the royal gifts for the Tyrians." + }, + { + "id": 16561, + "la": "cum venit, aulaeis iam se regina superbis aurea composuit sponda mediamque locavit, iam pater Aeneas et iam Troiana iuventus conveniunt, stratoque super discumbitur ostro", + "en": "As he enters, the queen has already, amid royal hangings, laid herself on a golden couch, and taken her place in their midst. Now father Aeneas, now the Trojan youth gather, and the guests recline on coverlets of purple." + }, + { + "id": 16562, + "la": "dant manibus famuli lymphas Cereremque canistris expediunt tonsisque ferunt mantelia villis", + "en": "Servants pour water on their hands, serve bread from baskets, and bring smooth-shorn napkins." + }, + { + "id": 16563, + "la": "quinquaginta intus famulae, quibus ordine longam cura penum struere et flammis adolere Penates; centum aliae totidemque pares aetate ministri, qui dapibus mensas onerent et pocula ponant", + "en": "There are fifty serving-maids within, whose task it is to arrange the long feast in order and keep the hearth aglow with fire. A hundred more there are, with as many pages of like age, to load the board with viands and set out the cups." + }, + { + "id": 16564, + "la": "nec non et Tyrii per limina laeta frequentes convenere; toris iussi discumbere pictis, mirantur dona Aeneae, mirantur Iulum flagrantisque dei vultus simulataque verba pallamque et pictum croceo velamen acantho", + "en": "The Tyrians, too, are gathered in throngs throughout the festal halls; summoned to recline on the embroidered couches, they marvel at the gifts of Aeneas, marvel at Iulus, at the gods glowing looks and well-feigned words, at the robe and veil, embroidered with saffron acanthus." + }, + { + "id": 16565, + "la": "praecipue infelix, pesti devota futurae, expleri mentem nequit ardescitque tuendo Phoenissa, et pariter puero donisque movetur", + "en": "Above all, the unhappy Phoenician, doomed to impending ruin, cannot satiate her soul, but takes fire as she gazes, thrilled alike by the boy and by the gifts." + }, + { + "id": 16566, + "la": "ille ubi complexu Aeneae colloque pependit et magnum falsi implevit genitoris amorem, reginam petit", + "en": "He, when he has hung in embrace on Aeneas neck and satisfied the deluded fathers deep love, goes to the queen." + }, + { + "id": 16567, + "la": "haec oculis, haec pectore toto haeret et interdum gremio fovet, inscia Dido, insidat quantus miserae deus her sorrow", + "en": "With her eyes, with all her heart she clings to him and repeatedly fondles him in her lap, knowing not, poor Dido, how great a god settles there to" + }, + { + "id": 16568, + "la": "at memor ille matris Acidaliae paulatim abolere Sychaeum incipit et vivo temptat praevertere amore iam pridem resides animos desuetaque corda", + "en": "But he, mindful of his Acidalian mother, little by little begins to efface Sychaeus, and essays with a living passion to surprise her long-slumbering soul and her heart unused to love." + }, + { + "id": 16569, + "la": "Postquam prima quies epulis mensaeque remotae, crateras magnos statuunt et vina coronant", + "en": "When first there came a lull in the feasting, and the boards were cleared, they set down great bowls and crown the wine." + }, + { + "id": 16570, + "la": "fit strepitus tectis vocemque per ampla volutant atria; dependent lychni laquearibus aureis incensi et noctem flammis funalia vincunt", + "en": "A din arises in the palace and voices roll through the spacious halls; lighted lamps hang down from the fretted roof of gold, and flaming torches drive out the night." + }, + { + "id": 16571, + "la": "hic regina gravem gemmis auroque poposcit implevitque mero pateram, quam Belus et omnes a Belo soliti; tum facta silentia tectis", + "en": "Then the queen called for a cup, heavy with jewels and gold, and filled it with wine'one that Belus and all of Belus line had been wont to use. Then through the hall fell silence:" + }, + { + "id": 16572, + "la": "Iuppiter, hospitibus nam te dare iura loquuntur, hunc laetum Tyriisque diem Troiaque profectis esse velis, nostrosque huius meminisse minores", + "en": "Jupiter'for they say that you appoint laws for host and guest'grant that this be a day of joy for Tyrians and the voyagers from Troy, and that our children may remember it!" + }, + { + "id": 16573, + "la": "adsit laetitiae Bacchus dator et bona Iuno; et vos, o, coetum, Tyrii, celebrate faventes.", + "en": "May Bacchus, giver of joy, be near, and bounteous Juno; and do you, Tyrians, grace the gathering with friendly spirit!" + }, + { + "id": 16574, + "la": "dixit et in mensam laticum libavit honorem primaque libato summo tenus attigit ore; tum Bitiae dedit increpitans; ille impiger hausit spumantem pateram et pleno se proluit auro; post alii proceres", + "en": "She spoke, and on the board offered a libation of wine, and, after the libation, was first to touch the goblet with her lips; then with a challenge gave it to Bitias. He briskly drained the foaming cup, and drank deep in the brimming gold; then other lords drank." + }, + { + "id": 16575, + "la": "cithara crinitus Iopas personat aurata, docuit quem maximus Atlas", + "en": "Long-haired Iopas, once taught by mighty Atlas, makes the hall ring with his golden lyre." + }, + { + "id": 16576, + "la": "hic canit errantem lunam solisque labores, unde hominum genus et pecudes, unde imber et ignes, Arcturum pluviasque Hyadas geminosque Triones; quid tantum Oceano properent se tinguere soles hiberni, vel quae tardis mora noctibus obstet", + "en": "He sings of the wandering moon and the suns toils; whence sprang man and beast, whence rain and fire; of Arcturus, the rainy Hyades and the twin Bears; why wintry suns make such haste to dip themselves in Ocean, or what delay stays the slowly passing nights." + }, + { + "id": 16577, + "la": "ingeminant plausu Tyrii, Troesque sequuntur", + "en": "With shout on shout the Tyrians applaud, and the Trojans follow." + }, + { + "id": 16578, + "la": "nec non et vario noctem sermone trahebat infelix Dido longumque bibebat amorem, multa super Priamo rogitans, super Hectore multa; nunc, quibus Aurorae venisset filius armis, nunc, quales Diomedis equi, nunc, quantus Achilles", + "en": "No less did unhappy Dido prolong the night with varied talk and drank deep draughts of love, asking much of Priam, of Hector much; now of the armour in which came the son of Dawn; now of the wondrous steeds of Diomedes; now of the greatness of Achilles." + }, + { + "id": 16579, + "la": "immo age et a prima dic, hospes, origine nobis insidias inquit Danaum casusque tuorum erroresque tuos; nam te iam septima portat omnibus errantem terris et fluctibus aestas", + "en": "Nay, more, she cries, tell us, my guest, from the first beginning the treachery of the Greeks, the sad fate of your people, and your own wanderings; for already a seventh summer bears you a wanderer over every land and sea." + }, + { + "id": 16580, + "la": "Panditur interea domus omnipotentis Olympi conciliumque vocat divum pater atque hominum rex sideream in sedem, terras unde arduus omnis castraque Dardanidum aspectat populosque Latinos", + "en": "Meanwhile the palace of omnipotent Olympus is thrown open, and the Sire of gods and King of men calls a council to his starry dwelling, from where, high-throned, he surveys all lands, the Dardan camp, and the Latin peoples." + }, + { + "id": 16581, + "la": "considunt tectis bipatentibus, incipit ipse: caelicolae magni, quianam sententia vobis versa retro tantumque animis certatis iniquis? abnueram bello Italiam concurrere Teucris", + "en": "In the double-doored hall they take their seats, and the king begins: Mighty sons of Heaven, why is your decision reversed, and why do you quarrel with hearts so discordant? I forbade Italy to clash in war with Troy." + }, + { + "id": 16582, + "la": "quae contra vetitum discordia? quis metus aut hos aut hos arma sequi ferrumque lacessere suasit? adveniet iustum pugnae (ne arcessite) tempus, cum fera Karthago Romanis arcibus olim exitium magnum atque Alpes immittet apertas: tum certare odiis, tum res rapuisse licebit", + "en": "What feud is this, in face of my command? What terror has bidden these or those to rush to arms and provoke the sword? There shall come'do not hasten it'a lawful time for battle, when fierce Carthage shall one day let loose upon the heights of Rome mighty destruction, and open upon her the Alps. Then it will be lawful to vie in hate, then to ravage;" + }, + { + "id": 16583, + "la": "nunc sinite et placitum laeti componite foedus.", + "en": "now let be and cheerfully assent to the covenant I ordain." + }, + { + "id": 16584, + "la": "Iuppiter haec paucis; at non Venus aurea contra pauca refert o pater, o hominum rerumque aeterna potestas (namque aliud quid sit quod iam implorare queamus?), cernis ut insultent Rutuli,", + "en": "Thus Jupiter in brief; but not briefly golden Venus makes reply: Father, eternal sovereignty of men and things'for what else can there be which we may now entreat?'do you see how insolent the Rutulians are, and" + }, + { + "id": 16585, + "la": "Turnusque feratur per medios insignis equis tumidusque secundo Marte ruat? non clausa tegunt iam moenia Teucros; quin intra portas atque ipsis proelia miscent aggeribus murorum, et inundant sanguine fossae", + "en": "how Turnus is borne conspicuous through the crowd upon his chariot, and rushes in swollen pride along the tide of war? No longer do barred walls shelter the Teucrians; rather, inside the gates and even on the rampart walls they join battle, and the trenches are flooded with blood." + }, + { + "id": 16586, + "la": "Aeneas ignarus abest", + "en": "Aeneas, unknowing, is far away." + }, + { + "id": 16587, + "la": "numquamne levari obsidione sines? muris iterum imminet hostis mpr nascentis Troiae nec non exercitus alter, atque iterum in Teucros Aetolis surgit ab Arpis Tydides", + "en": "Will you never suffer the siege to be raised? Once more a foe, a second army, threatens the walls of infant Troy; and once more against the Trojans there rises from Aetolian Arpi a son of Tydeus." + }, + { + "id": 16588, + "la": "equidem credo, mea vulnera restant et tua progenies mortalia demoror arma", + "en": "Truly, I think, my wounds are yet to come, and I, your offspring, delay a mortal spear." + }, + { + "id": 16589, + "la": "si sine pace tua atque invito numine Troes Italiam petiere, luant peccata neque illos iuveris auxilio; sin tot responsa secuti quae superi manesque dabant, cur nunc tua quisquam vertere iussa potest aut cur nova condere fata? quid repetam exustas Erycino in litore classis, quid tempestatum regem ventosque furentis Aeolia excitos aut actam nubibus Irim? nunc etiam manis (haec intemptata manebat sors rerum) movet et superis immissa repente Allecto medias Italum bacchata per urbes", + "en": "If without your leave and despite your deity the Trojans have sought Italy, let them expiate their sin, and do not aid them with succour. But if they have followed all the oracles given by gods above and gods below, why is anyone now able to overthrow your bidding or build the fates anew? Why should I recall the fleet burned on the strand of Eryx? Why the king of storms, and his raging gales roused from Aeolia, or Iris wafted from the clouds? Now she even stirs the shades'this quarter of the world was yet untried'and Allecto, launched suddenly on the upper world, raves through the midst of Italian towns." + }, + { + "id": 16590, + "la": "nil super imperio moveor", + "en": "I care nothing for empire;" + }, + { + "id": 16591, + "la": "speravimus ista, dum fortuna fuit", + "en": "that was my hope while our Fortune stood;" + }, + { + "id": 16592, + "la": "vincant, quos vincere mavis", + "en": "let those win whom you would prefer to win." + }, + { + "id": 16593, + "la": "si nulla est regio Teucris quam det tua coniunx dura, per eversae, genitor, fumantia Troiae excidia obtestor: liceat dimittere ab armis incolumem Ascanium, liceat superesse nepotem", + "en": "If there is no country for your relentless consort to bestow upon the Teucrians, by the smoking ruins of desolate Troy I beseech you, Father, let me dismiss Ascanius unscathed from arms'let my grandson still live!" + }, + { + "id": 16594, + "la": "Aeneas sane ignotis iactetur in undis et, quacumque viam dederit Fortuna, sequatur: hunc tegere et dirae valeam subducere pugnae", + "en": "Aeneas, indeed, may well be tossed on unknown waters, and follow wherever Fortune points out a path: let me avail to shield this child and withdraw him from the dreadful fray." + }, + { + "id": 16595, + "la": "est Amathus, est celsa mihi Paphus atque Cythera Idaliaeque domus: positis inglorius armis exigat hic aevum", + "en": "Amathus is mine, mine high Paphus and Cythera, and Idalias shrine: here, laying arms aside, let him live out his inglorious days!" + }, + { + "id": 16596, + "la": "magna dicione iubeto Karthago premat Ausoniam; nihil urbibus inde obstabit Tyriis", + "en": "Bid Carthage with mighty sway crush Ausonia; from Ausonia shall come no hindrance to Tyrian towns." + }, + { + "id": 16597, + "la": "quid pestem evadere belli iuvit et Argolicos medium fugisse per ignis totque maris vastaeque exhausta pericula terrae, dum Latium Teucri recidivaque Pergama quaerunt? non satius cineres patriae insedisse supremos atque solum quo Troia fuit? Xanthum et Simoenta redde, oro, miseris iterumque revolvere casus da, pater, Iliacos Teucris.", + "en": "What has it availed to escape the plague of war, to have fled through the midst of Argive fires, to have exhausted all the perils of sea and desolate lands, while his Teucrians seek Latium and a newborn Troy? Would it not be better to have settled on the last ashes of their country, and the soil where once was Troy? Restore, I pray, Xanthus and Simos to a hapless people, and let the Teucrians relive once more the woes of Ilium!" + }, + { + "id": 16598, + "la": "tum regia Iuno acta furore gravi: quid me alta silentia cogis rumpere et obductum verbis vulgare dolorem? Aenean hominum quisquam divumque subegit bella sequi aut hostem regi se inferre Latino? Italiam petiit fatis auctoribus (esto) Cassandrae impulsus furiis: num linquere castra hortati sumus aut vitam committere ventis? num puero summam belli, num credere muros, Tyrrhenamque fidem aut gentis agitare quietas? quis deus in fraudem, quae dura potentia nostra egit? ubi hic Iuno demissave nubibus Iris? indignum est Italos Troiam circumdare flammis nascentem et patria Turnum consistere terra, cui Pilumnus avus, cui diva Venilia mater: quid face Troianos atra vim ferre Latinis, arva aliena iugo premere atque avertere praedas?", + "en": "Then royal Juno, spurred by fierce frenzy: Why do you force me to break my deepsilence and publish to the world my hidden sorrow? Did any man or god constrain Aeneas to seek war and advance as a foe upon King Latinus? He sought Italy at the call of Fate. So be it'driven on by Cassandras raving! Did I urge him to quit the camp, or entrust his life to the winds? To commit the issue of war, the charge of battlements, to a boy? To tamper with Tyrrhene faith or stir up peaceful peoples? What god, what pitiless power of mine drove him to his harm? Where in this is Juno, or Iris sent down from the clouds? It is indeed shameful that Italians should gird your infant Troy with flames, and that Turnus set foot on his native soil'Turnus, whose grand-sire is Pilumnus, whose mother divine Venilia! But what about the Trojans with smoking brands assailing the Latins, setting their yoke upon the fields of others, and driving off the spoil?" + }, + { + "id": 16599, + "la": "quid soceros legere et gremiis abducere pactas, pacem orare manu, praefigere puppibus arma? tu potes Aenean manibus subducere Graium proque viro nebulam et ventos obtendere inanis, et potes in totidem classem convertere nymphas: nos aliquid Rutulos contra iuvisse nefandum est? Aeneas ignarus abest: ignarus et absit", + "en": "What about their choosing whose daughters they shall wed, and dragging from her lovers breast the plighted bride? Their proffering peace with the hand but arraying their ships with armour? You have power to steal Aeneas from Greek hands, and in place of a man to offer them mist and empty air, and you have power to turn their fleet into as many nymphs:but that we in turn have given some aid to the Rutuli, is that monstrous? Aeneas unknowing is far away; unknowing and far away let him be!" + }, + { + "id": 16600, + "la": "est Paphus Idaliumque tibi, sunt alta Cythera: quid gravidam bellis urbem et corda aspera temptas? nosne tibi fluxas Phrygiae res vertere fundo conamur? nos? an miseros qui Troas Achivis obiecit? quae causa fuit consurgere in arma Europamque Asiamque et foedera solvere furto? me duce Dardanius Spartam expugnavit adulter, aut ego tela dedi fovive Cupidine bella? tum decuit metuisse tuis: nunc sera querelis haud iustis adsurgis et inrita iurgia iactas.", + "en": "Paphus is yours, Idalium, and high Cythera: why meddle with savage hearts, and a city teeming with war? Is it I that try to overthrow from the foundation Phrygias tottering state? Is it I? Or is it he who flung the hapless Trojans in the Achaeans path? What cause was there that Europe and Asia should rise up in arms and break the bonds of peace by treachery? Was it I that led the Dardan adulterer to ravage Sparta? Was it I that gave him weapons or fostered war with lust? It was then that you should have feared for your own; now too late you rise with unjust complaints, and bandy bickering words in vain." + }, + { + "id": 16601, + "la": "Talibus orabat Iuno, cunctique fremebant caelicolae adsensu vario, ceu flamina prima cum deprensa fremunt silvis et caeca volutant murmura venturos nautis prodentia ventos", + "en": "So argued Juno, and all the celestial company murmured diverse assent, just as when rising blasts, caught in the forest, murmur, and roll their unseen moanings, betraying to sailors the coming of the gale." + }, + { + "id": 16602, + "la": "tum pater omnipotens, rerum cui prima potestas, infit (eo dicente deum domus alta silescit et tremefacta solo tellus, silet arduus aether, tum Zephyri posuere, premit placida aequora pontus)", + "en": "Then the Father Almighty, prime potentate of the world, begins; as he speaks, the high house of the gods grows silent and earth trembles from her base; silent is high heaven; then the Zephyrs are hushed; Ocean stills his waters to rest." + }, + { + "id": 16603, + "la": "Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta", + "en": "Take therefore to heart and fix there these words of mine." + }, + { + "id": 16604, + "la": "quandoquidem Ausonios coniungi foedere Teucris haud licitum, nec vestra capit discordia finem, quae cuique est fortuna hodie, quam quisque secat spem, Tros Rutulusne fuat, nullo discrimine habebo, seu fatis Italum castra obsidione tenentur sive errore malo Troiae monitisque sinistris", + "en": "Since it may not be that Ausonians and Teucrians join alliance, and your disunion admits no end, whatever the fortune of each today, whatever the hope each pursues, be he Trojan or be he Rutulian, no distinction shall I make, whether it be Italys fortune that holds the camp in siege, or Troys baneful error and misleading prophecies." + }, + { + "id": 16605, + "la": "nec Rutulos solvo", + "en": "Nor do I exempt the Rutulians." + }, + { + "id": 16606, + "la": "sua cuique exorsa laborem fortunamque ferent", + "en": "Each ones own course shall bring him his suffering or success." + }, + { + "id": 16607, + "la": "rex Iuppiter omnibus idem", + "en": "Jupiter is king over all alike;" + }, + { + "id": 16608, + "la": "fata viam invenient.", + "en": "the fates shall find their way." + }, + { + "id": 16609, + "la": "Stygii per flumina fratris, per pice torrentis atraque voragine ripas adnuit et totum nutu tremefecit Olympum", + "en": "By the waters of his Stygian brother, by the banks that seethe with pitch and black swirling waters, he nodded assent, and with the nod made all Olympus tremble." + }, + { + "id": 16610, + "la": "hic finis fandi", + "en": "So ended the parley." + }, + { + "id": 16611, + "la": "solio tum Iuppiter aureo surgit, caelicolae medium quem ad limina ducunt", + "en": "Then from his golden throne Jupiter rises, and the celestial company gather round and escort him to the threshold." + }, + { + "id": 16612, + "la": "Interea Rutuli portis circum omnibus instant sternere caede viros et moenia cingere flammis", + "en": "Meanwhile, around every gate the Rutulians press on, to slaughter the foe with the sword, and to gird the ramparts with flame." + }, + { + "id": 16613, + "la": "at legio Aeneadum vallis obsessa tenetur nec spes ulla fugae", + "en": "But the army of the Aeneadae is held pent up inside the palisades, and there is no hope of escape." + }, + { + "id": 16614, + "la": "miseri stant turribus altis nequiquam et rara muros cinxere corona Asius Imbrasides Hicetaoniusque Thymoetes Assaracique duo et senior cum Castore Thymbris, prima acies; hos germani Sarpedonis ambo et Clarus et Thaemon Lycia comitantur ab alta", + "en": "Forlorn and helpless they stand on the high towers, and girdle the walls with scanty ring. Asius, son of Imbrasus, and Thymoetes, son of Hicetaon, and the two Assaraci, and Castor, and old Thymbris are the foremost rank; at their side are Sarpedons two brothers, Clarus and Thaemon, come from lofty Lycia." + }, + { + "id": 16615, + "la": "fert ingens toto conixus corpore saxum, haud partem exiguam montis, Lyrnesius Acmon, nec Clytio genitore minor nec fratre Menestheo", + "en": "One, straining his whole frame, lifts up a giant rock, no scant fragment of a mountain'Acmon of Lyrnesus, huge as his father Clytius or his brother Mnestheus." + }, + { + "id": 16616, + "la": "hi iaculis, illi certant defendere saxis molirique ignem nervoque aptare sagittas", + "en": "Some with darts and some with stones, they strive to ward off the foe, and hurl fire and fit arrows to the string." + }, + { + "id": 16617, + "la": "ipse inter medios, Veneris iustissima cura, Dardanius caput, ecce, puer detectus honestum, qualis gemma micat fulvum quae dividit aurum, aut collo decus aut capiti, vel quale per artem inclusum buxo aut Oricia terebintho lucet ebur; fusos cervix cui lactea crinis accipit et molli subnectens circulus auro", + "en": "In their midst, the Dardan boy himself, Venus most rightful care, his comely head uncovered, glitters like a jewel inset in yellow gold to adorn neck or head, or as ivory gleams, skilfully inlaid in boxwood or Orician terebinth; his milk-white neck, and the circlet clasping it with pliant gold, receives his streaming locks." + }, + { + "id": 16618, + "la": "te quoque magnanimae viderunt, Ismare, gentes vulnera derigere et calamos armare veneno, Maeonia generose domo, ubi pinguia culta exercentque viri Pactolusque inrigat auro", + "en": "You too, Ismarus, your high-souled clansmen saw aiming wounds and arming shafts with venom, you noble scion of a Lydian house, where men till rich fields and Pactolus waters them with gold." + }, + { + "id": 16619, + "la": "adfuit et Mnestheus, quem pulsi pristina Turni aggere murorum sublimem gloria tollit, et Capys: hinc nomen Campanae ducitur urbi", + "en": "There too was Mnestheus, whom yesterdays triumph of thrusting Turnus from the rampart walls exalts to the stars; and Capys, from whom comes the name of the Campanian city." + }, + { + "id": 16620, + "la": "Illi inter sese duri certamina belli contulerant: media Aeneas freta nocte secabat", + "en": "Thus they had clashed in stubborn warfares conflict: and Aeneas at midnight was cleaving the seas." + }, + { + "id": 16621, + "la": "namque ut ab Euandro castris ingressus Etruscis regem adit et regi memorat nomenque genusque quidve petat quidve ipse ferat, Mezentius arma quae sibi conciliet, violentaque pectora Turni edocet, humanis quae sit fiducia rebus admonet immiscetque preces, haud fit mora, Tarchon iungit opes foedusque ferit; tum libera fati classem conscendit iussis gens Lydia divum externo commissa duci", + "en": "For when, leaving Evander and entering the Tuscan camp, he meets the king, and to the king announces his name and his race, the aid he seeks, and the aid he himself offers; informs him of the forces Mezentius is gathering to his side, and the violence of Turnus spirit; then warns him, what faith may be put in things human, and with pleas mingles entreaties'without delay Tarchon joins forces and strikes a treaty; then, freed from Fate, the Lydian people embark under heavens ordinance, entrusting themselves to a foreign leader." + }, + { + "id": 16622, + "la": "Aeneia puppis prima tenet rostro Phrygios subiuncta leones, imminet Ida super, profugis gratissima Teucris", + "en": "Aeneas shiptakes the lead with Phrygian lions beneath her beak; above them towers Ida, sight most welcome to Trojan exiles." + }, + { + "id": 16623, + "la": "hic magnus sedet Aeneas secumque volutat eventus belli varios, Pallasque sinistro adfixus lateri iam quaerit sidera, opacae noctis iter, iam quae passus terraque marique", + "en": "There sits great Aeneas, pondering the changing issues of war; and Pallas, staying close to his left side, asks him now about the stars, their guide through the dark night, and now of his trials by land and sea." + }, + { + "id": 16624, + "la": "Pandite nunc Helicona, deae, cantusque movete, quae manus interea Tuscis comitetur ab oris Aenean armetque rates pelagoque vehatur", + "en": "Now fling wide Helicon, goddesses, and start your song'what band comes then with Aeneas from the Tuscan shores, arming the ships and riding over the sea." + }, + { + "id": 16625, + "la": "Massicus aerata princeps secat aequora Tigri, sub quo mille manus iuvenum, qui moenia Clusi quique urbem liquere Cosas, qus tela sagittae gorytique leves umeris et letifer arcus", + "en": "At their head Massicus cleaves the waters in the bronze-plated Tiger; under him is a band of a thousand youths, who have left the walls of Clusium and the city of Cosae; their weapons are arrows, light quivers on the shoulders, and deadly bows." + }, + { + "id": 16626, + "la": "una torvus Abas: huic totum insignibus armis agmen et aurato fulgebat Apolline puppis", + "en": "With him is grim Abas, all his train in dazzling armour, his vessel gleaming with a gilded Apollo." + }, + { + "id": 16627, + "la": "sescentos illi dederat Populonia mater expertos belli iuvenes, ast Ilva trecentos insula inexhaustis Chalybum generosa metallis", + "en": "To him Populonia had given six hundred of her sons, all skilled in war, and Ilva three hundred'an island rich in the Chalybes inexhaustible mines." + }, + { + "id": 16628, + "la": "tertius ille hominum divumque interpres Asilas, cui pecudum fibrae, caeli cui sidera parent et linguae volucrum et praesagi fulminis ignes, mille rapit densos acie atque horrentibus hastis", + "en": "Third comes Asilas, famous interpreter between gods and men, whom the victims entrails obey, and the stars of heaven, the tongues of birds, and prophetic lightning fires. A thousand men he hurries to war in serried array and bristling with spears." + }, + { + "id": 16629, + "la": "hos parere iubent Alpheae ab origine Pisae, urbs Etrusca solo", + "en": "These Pisa bids obey him'city of Alphean birth, but set in Tuscan soil." + }, + { + "id": 16630, + "la": "sequitur pulcherrimus Astur, Astur equo fidens et versicoloribus armis", + "en": "Then follows Astur, of wondrous beauty'Astur, relying on his mount and many-coloured weapons." + }, + { + "id": 16631, + "la": "ter centum adiciunt (mens omnibus una sequendi) mprv qui Caerete domo, qui sunt Minionis in arvis, et Pyrgi veteres intempestaeque Graviscae", + "en": "Three hundred more'all of one mind to follow'come from the men who have their home in Caere and in the plains of Minio, in ancient Pyrgi, and fever-stricken Graviscae." + }, + { + "id": 16632, + "la": "Non ego te, Ligurum ductor fortissime bello, transierim, Cunere, et paucis comitate Cupavo, cuius olorinae surgunt de vertice pennae (crimen, Amor, vestrum) formaeque insigne paternae", + "en": "Nor would I pass you by, Cunerus, bravest in war of Ligurian captains, or you, Cupavo, with your scanty train, from whose crest rise the swan plumes'a reproach, Cupid, to you and yours'the badge of his fathers form." + }, + { + "id": 16633, + "la": "namque ferunt luctu Cycnum Phathontis amati, populeas inter frondes umbramque sororum dum canit et maestum Musa solatur amorem, canentem molli pluma duxisse senectam linquentem terras et sidera voce sequentem", + "en": "For they tell that Cycnus, in grief for his loved Phathon, while he is singing and with music solacing his woeful love amid the shade of his sisters leafy poplars, drew over his form the soft plumage of white old age, leaving earth and seeking the stars with his cry." + }, + { + "id": 16634, + "la": "filius aequalis comitatus classe catervas ingentem remis Centaurum promovet: ille instat aquae saxumque undis immane minatur arduus, et longa sulcat maria alta carina", + "en": "His son, following on shipboard with a band of like age, drives with oars the mighty Centaur; over the water towers the monster, and threatens to hurl a mighty rock into the waves from above, while with long keel he furrows the deep seas." + }, + { + "id": 16635, + "la": "Ille etiam patriis agmen ciet Ocnus ab oris, fatidicae Mantus et Tusci filius amnis, qui muros matrisque dedit tibi, Mantua, nomen, Mantua dives avis, sed non genus omnibus unum: gens illi triplex, populi sub gente quaterni, ipsa caput populis, Tusco de sanguine vires", + "en": "Ocnus, too, summons a host from his native shores, son of prophetic Manto and the Tuscan river, who gave you, Mantua, ramparts and his mothers name'Mantua, rich in ancestry, yet not all of one stock: three races are there, and under each race four peoples: herself the head of the peoples, her strength from Tuscan blood." + }, + { + "id": 16636, + "la": "hinc quoque quingentos in se Mezentius armat, quos patre Benaco velatus harundine glauca Mincius infesta ducebat in aequora pinu", + "en": "Hence, too, Mezentius arms five hundred against himself, 13 whom Mincius, child of Benacus, crowned with gray sedge, leads over the seas in their hostile ships of pine." + }, + { + "id": 16637, + "la": "it gravis Aulestes centenaque arbore fluctum verberat adsurgens, spumant vada marmore verso", + "en": "On comes Aulestes heavily, lashing the waves as he rises to the stroke of a hundred oars; the waters foam as the surface is torn up." + }, + { + "id": 16638, + "la": "hunc vehit immanis Triton et caerula concha exterrens freta, cui laterum tenus hispida nanti frons hominem praefert, in pristim desinit alvus, spumea semifero sub pectore murmurat unda", + "en": "He sails in the huge Triton, whose shell alarms the blue billows: its shaggy front, as it floats, shows a man down to the waist, its belly ends in a fish; beneath the monsters breast the wave gurgles in foam." + }, + { + "id": 16639, + "la": "tot lecti proceres ter denis navibus ibant subsidio Troiae et campos salis aere secabant", + "en": "So many the chosen chiefs who sailed in thrice ten ships to the help of Troy, and cut the salty plains with bronze beak." + }, + { + "id": 16640, + "la": "Iamque dies caelo concesserat almaque curru noctivago Phoebe medium pulsabat Olympum:", + "en": "And now day had passed from the sky and gracious Phoebe was trampling mid-heaven with her night-roving steeds;" + }, + { + "id": 16641, + "la": "Aeneas (neque enim membris dat cura quietem) ipse sedens clavumque regit velisque ministrat", + "en": "Aeneas, for care allows no rest to his limbs, sat at his post, his own hand guiding the rudder and tending the sails." + }, + { + "id": 16642, + "la": "atque illi medio in spatio chorus, ecce, suarum occurrit comitum: nymphae, quas alma Cybebe numen habere maris nymphasque e navibus esse iusserat, innabant pariter fluctusque secabant, quot prius aeratae steterant ad litora prorae", + "en": "And lo! in mid course a band of his own company meets him, for the nymphs whom gracious Cybele had ordered to be deities of the sea, and turn from ships to nymphs, came swimming abreast and cleaving the billows, as many as the bronze prows that once lay moored to shore." + }, + { + "id": 16643, + "la": "agnoscunt longe regem lustrantque choreis; quarum quae fandi doctissima Cymodocea pone sequens dextra puppim tenet ipsaque dorso eminet ac laeva tacitis subremigat undis", + "en": "They recognize their king from afar, and encircle him with their dancing. From among them, Cymodocea, most skilled in speech, following behind, grasps the stern with her right hand, and herself rises breast high above the wave, while with her left hand she oars her way upon the silent waters." + }, + { + "id": 16644, + "la": "tum sic ignarum adloquitur: vigilasne, deum gens, Aenea? vigila et velis immitte rudentis", + "en": "Then thus she addresses the prince, all unaware: Are you awake, Aeneas, scion of gods? Wake and fling loose the sheets of your sails." + }, + { + "id": 16645, + "la": "nos sumus, Idaeae sacro de vertice pinus, nunc pelagi nymphae, classis tua", + "en": "We'pines of Ida, from her sacred crest, now nymphs of the sea'are your fleet!" + }, + { + "id": 16646, + "la": "perfidus ut nos praecipitis ferro Rutulus flammaque premebat, rupimus invitae tua vincula teque per aequor quaerimus", + "en": "When the treacherous Rutulian was driving us headlong with fire and sword, we reluctantly broke your moorings and are seeking you over the waves." + }, + { + "id": 16647, + "la": "hanc genetrix faciem miserata refecit et dedit esse deas aevumque agitare sub undis", + "en": "This new shape the Great Mother gave us in pity, and granted us to be goddesses and spend our life beneath the waves." + }, + { + "id": 16648, + "la": "at puer Ascanius muro fossisque tenetur tela inter media atque horrentis Marte Latinos", + "en": "But your son Ascanius is hemmed in by wall and trench, in the midst of arms and of Latins bristling with war." + }, + { + "id": 16649, + "la": "iam loca iussa tenet forti permixtus Etrusco Arcas eques; medias illis opponere turmas, ne castris iungant, certa est sententia Turno", + "en": "Already the Arcadian cavalry, joined with brave Etruscans, hold the appointed place; to bar their way with interposing squadrons, lest they approach the camp, is Turnus fixed resolve." + }, + { + "id": 16650, + "la": "surge age et Aurora socios veniente vocari primus in arma iube, et clipeum cape quem dedit ipse invictum ignipotens atque oras ambiit auro", + "en": "Up, then, and with the coming dawn first give orders that your friends be called to arms, and take invincible the shield which the Lord of Fire himself gave you and rimmed with gold." + }, + { + "id": 16651, + "la": "crastina lux, mea si non inrita dicta putaris, ingentis Rutulae spectabit caedis acervos.", + "en": "Tomorrows light, if you do not consider my words idle, shall look on mighty heaps of Rutulian carnage." + }, + { + "id": 16652, + "la": "dixerat et dextra discedens impulit altam haud ignara modi puppim: fugit illa per undas ocior et iaculo et ventos aequante sagitta", + "en": "She ended, and as she departed with her right hand she drove the tall ship on, well knowing how; it speeds on over the wave, fleeter than javelin and wind-swift arrow." + }, + { + "id": 16653, + "la": "inde aliae celerant cursus", + "en": "Then the rest quicken their speed." + }, + { + "id": 16654, + "la": "stupet inscius ipse Tros Anchisiades, animos tamen omine tollit", + "en": "Marvelling, the Trojan son of Anchises is amazed, but cheers his soul with the omen." + }, + { + "id": 16655, + "la": "tum breviter supera aspectans convexa precatur: alma parens Idaea deum, cui Dindyma cordi turrigeraeque urbes biiugique ad frena leones, tu mihi nunc pugnae princeps, tu rite propinques augurium Phrygibusque adsis pede, diva, secundo.", + "en": "Then, looking at the vault above, he briefly prays: Gracious lady of Ida, mother of the gods, to whom Dindymus is dear, and tower-crowned cities, and lions harnessed to your reins, be now my leader in the fight, duly prosper the omen, and attend your Phrygians, goddess, with favouring step!" + }, + { + "id": 16656, + "la": "tantum effatus, et interea revoluta ruebat matura iam luce dies noctemque fugarat; principio sociis edicit signa sequantur atque animos aptent armis pugnaeque parent se", + "en": "So much he said; and meanwhile the returning day was rushing on with fulness of light, and had chased away the night. First he commands his comrades to follow his signals, ready their hearts for combat and fit themselves for the fray." + }, + { + "id": 16657, + "la": "Iamque in conspectu Teucros habet et sua castra stans celsa in puppi, clipeum cum deinde sinistra extulit ardentem", + "en": "And now, as he stands on the high stern, he had the Trojans and his campin view, when at once he lifted high in his left hand his blazing shield." + }, + { + "id": 16658, + "la": "clamorem ad sidera tollunt Dardanidae e muris, spes addita suscitat iras, tela manu iaciunt, quales sub nubibus atris Strymoniae dant signa grues atque aethera tranant cum sonitu, fugiuntque Notos clamore secundo", + "en": "The Dardans from the walls raise a shout to the sky; fresh hope kindles wrath; they hurl their weapons'just as below black clouds Strymonian cranes give signal, while clamorously they skim the air, and flee before the south winds with joyous cries." + }, + { + "id": 16659, + "la": "at Rutulo regi ducibusque ea mira videri Ausoniis, donec versas ad litora puppis respiciunt totumque adlabi classibus aequor", + "en": "But to the Rutulian king and the Ausonian captains these things seemed marvelous, till, looking back, they behold the shoreward-facing sterns, and the whole sea moving with the ships." + }, + { + "id": 16660, + "la": "ardet apex capiti, tristisque a vertice flamma funditur et vastos umbo vomit aureus ignis: non secus ac liquida si quando nocte cometae sanguinei lugubre rubent", + "en": "On the heros head the helmet peak blazes, and a dreadful flame streams from its top, and the shields golden boss spouts floods of fire'just as when in the clear night comets glow blood-red and baneful;" + }, + { + "id": 16661, + "la": "aut Sirius ardor ille sitim morbosque ferens mortalibus aegris nascitur et laevo contristat lumine caelum", + "en": "or as fiery Sirius, that bearer of drought and pestilence to feeble mortals, rises and saddens the sky with baleful light." + }, + { + "id": 16662, + "la": "Haud tamen audaci Turno fiducia cessit litora praecipere et venientis pellere terra", + "en": "But fearless Turnus did not lose his firm hope of seizing the shore first, and driving the approaching foe from land." + }, + { + "id": 16663, + "la": "ultro animos tollit dictis atque increpat ultro, quod votis optastis adest, perfringere dextra", + "en": "Nay, he raises their courage with his words'nay, he chides them: What you have desired in your prayers is now possible'to break through with the sword!" + }, + { + "id": 16664, + "la": "in manibus Mars ipse, viri! nunc coniugis esto quisque suae tectique memor, nunc magna referto facta, patrum laudes", + "en": "The war gods self is in your hands, men. Now let each be mindful of his wife and home; now recall the great deeds, the glories of our sires!" + }, + { + "id": 16665, + "la": "ultro occurramus ad undam dum trepidi egressisque labant vestigia prima", + "en": "Let us meet them at the waters edge, while they are confused and their feet falter as first they land." + }, + { + "id": 16666, + "la": "audentis Fortuna iuvat haec ait, et secum versat quos ducere contra vel quibus obsessos possit concredere muros", + "en": "Fortune aids the daring So saying, he ponders with himself whom to lead to the attack, and to whom he can entrust the beleaguered walls." + }, + { + "id": 16667, + "la": "Interea Aeneas socios de puppibus altis pontibus exponit", + "en": "Meanwhile Aeneas lands his crews from the tall ships by gangways." + }, + { + "id": 16668, + "la": "multi servare recursus languentis pelagi et brevibus se credere saltu, per remos alii", + "en": "Many watch for the ebb of the spent sea, and boldly leap into the shallows; others use oars." + }, + { + "id": 16669, + "la": "speculatus litora Tarchon, qua vada non spirant nec fracta remurmurat unda, sed mare inoffensum crescenti adlabitur aestu, advertit subito proram sociosque precatur: nunc, o lecta manus, validis incumbite remis; tollite, ferte rates, inimicam findite rostris hanc terram, sulcumque sibi premat ipsa carina", + "en": "Tarchon, marking the shore where the shallows do not heave and the broken billow does not roar, but the sea glides up un-checked with spreading flow, suddenly turns his prow thither and implores his men: Now, chosen band, bend to your stout oars! Raise, drive on your ships; cleave with your beaks this hostile shore, and let the keel herself plough a furrow." + }, + { + "id": 16670, + "la": "frangere nec tali puppim statione recuso arrepta tellure semel.", + "en": "I do not shrink from shipwreck in such an anchorage, when once I win the land." + }, + { + "id": 16671, + "la": "quae talia postquam effatus Tarchon, socii consurgere tonsis spumantisque rates arvis inferre Latinis, donec rostra tenent siccum et sedere carinae omnes innocuae", + "en": "When Tarchon has thus spoken, his comrades rise to their oars, and drive their foaming ships upon the Latin fields, till the beaks gain the dry land and every hull comes to rest unscathed." + }, + { + "id": 16672, + "la": "sed non puppis tua, Tarchon:", + "en": "But not your ship, Tarchon;" + }, + { + "id": 16673, + "la": "namque inflicta vadis, dorso dum pendet iniquo anceps sustentata diu fluctusque fatigat, solvitur atque viros mediis exponit in undis, fragmina remorum quos et fluitantia transtra impediunt retrahitque pedes simul unda relabens", + "en": "for while, dashing against the shallows, she hangs upon an uneven ridge, long poised in doubtful balance, and wearies the waves, she breaks upand plunges her crew among the billows. Broken oars and floating thwarts entangle them, while the ebbing wave sucks back their feet." + }, + { + "id": 16674, + "la": "Nec Turnum segnis retinet mora, sed rapit acer totam aciem in Teucros et contra in litore sistit", + "en": "Nor does dull delay hold Turnus back, but swiftly he sweeps his whole army at the Trojans, and plants it against them on the shore." + }, + { + "id": 16675, + "la": "signa canunt", + "en": "The trumpets sound." + }, + { + "id": 16676, + "la": "primus turmas invasit agrestis Aeneas, omen pugnae, stravitque Latinos occiso Therone, virum qui maximus ultro Aenean petit", + "en": "First Aeneas dashed on the rustic ranks'fair omen for the fight'and laid low the Latins, slaying Theron, who in his might dared assail the hero Aeneas." + }, + { + "id": 16677, + "la": "huic gladio perque aerea suta, per tunicam squalentem auro latus haurit apertum", + "en": "Driven through the seams of bronze and through the tunic rough with gold, the sword drank from his pierced side." + }, + { + "id": 16678, + "la": "inde Lichan ferit exsectum iam matre perempta et tibi, Phoebe, sacrum: casus evadere ferri quo licuit parvo? nec longe Cissea durum immanemque Gyan sternentis agmina clava deiecit leto; nihil illos Herculis arma nec validae iuvere manus genitorque Melampus, Alcidae comes usque gravis dum terra labores praebuit", + "en": "Next he strikes Lichas, who was cut from his dead mothers womb, and consecrated to you, Phoebus: but why was he suffered at birth to escape the peril of steel? Soon after, he cast down to death sturdy Cisseus and giant Gyas, as with clubs they laid low the ranks: the arms of Hercules did not help them, nor their stout hands and their father Melampus, Alcides comrade all the time that earth yielded him grievous travails." + }, + { + "id": 16679, + "la": "ecce Pharo, voces dum iactat inertis, intorquens iaculum clamanti sistit in ore", + "en": "Lo! as Pharus flings forth idle words, Aeneas launches his javelin and plants it in his bawling mouth." + }, + { + "id": 16680, + "la": "tu quoque, flaventem prima lanugine malas dum sequeris Clytium infelix, nova gaudia, Cydon, Dardania stratus dextra, securus amorum qui iuvenum tibi semper erant, miserande iaceres, ni fratrum stipata cohors foret obvia, Phorci progenies, septem numero, septenaque tela coniciunt; partim galea clipeoque resultant inrita, deflexit partim stringentia corpus alma Venus", + "en": "You too, hapless Cydon, while you follow your new delight, Clytius, whose cheeks are golden with early down'you would have fallen under the Dardan hand and lain, a piteous sight, forgetful of all your youthful loves, had not the serried band of your brothers met the foe'children of Phorcus, seven in number, and seven the darts they throw. Some from helmet and shield glance idly; some kindly Venus turned aside so that they but grazed the body." + }, + { + "id": 16681, + "la": "fidum Aeneas adfatur Achaten: suggere tela mihi, non ullum dextera frustra torserit in Rutulos, steterunt quae in corpore Graium Iliacis campis.", + "en": "Thus Aeneas speaks to loyal Achates: Bring me plenty of weapons; my hand will hurl none at Rutulians in vain, of all that once on Iliums plains were lodged in the bodies of Greeks." + }, + { + "id": 16682, + "la": "tum magnam corripit hastam et iacit: illa volans clipei transverberat aera Maeonis et thoraca simul cum pectore rumpit", + "en": "Then he seizes a great spear and hurls it; flying, it crashes through the brass of Maeons shield, rending corslet and breast at once." + }, + { + "id": 16683, + "la": "huic frater subit Alcanor fratremque ruentem sustentat dextra: traiecto missa lacerto protinus hasta fugit servatque cruenta tenorem, dexteraque ex umero nervis moribunda pependit", + "en": "His brother Alcanor comes to his aid, and with his right arm upholds his falling brother; piercing the arm, the spear flies right onward, keeping its bloody course, and the dying arm hung by the sinews from the shoulder." + }, + { + "id": 16684, + "la": "tum Numitor iaculo fratris de corpore rapto Aenean petiit: sed non et figere contra est licitum, magnique femur perstrinxit Achatae", + "en": "Then Numitor, tearing the lance from his brothers body, aimed at Aeneas, but he could not strike him in return, but grazed the thigh of great Achates." + }, + { + "id": 16685, + "la": "Hic Curibus, fidens primaevo corpore, Clausus advenit et rigida Dryopem ferit eminus hasta sub mentum graviter pressa, pariterque loquentis vocem animamque rapit traiecto gutture; at ille fronte ferit terram et crassum vomit ore cruorem", + "en": "Now comes up Clausus from Cures, trusting in his youthful frame, and from a distance smites Dryops under the chin with his stiff shaft driven with force, and piercing his throat robs him, as he speaks, of voice and life together; Dryops smites the ground with his forehead, and from his mouth vomits thick blood." + }, + { + "id": 16686, + "la": "tris quoque Threicios Boreae de gente suprema et tris quos Idas pater et patria Ismara mittit, per varios sternit casus", + "en": "Three Thracians, too, of the exalted race of Boreas, and three whom their father Idas and their native Ismarus sent forth, he lays low in divers ways." + }, + { + "id": 16687, + "la": "accurrit Halaesus Auruncaeque manus, subit et Neptunia proles, insignis Messapus equis", + "en": "Halaesus runs to his side, and the Auruncan bands; the scion, too, of Neptune comes up, Messapus glorious with his steeds." + }, + { + "id": 16688, + "la": "expellere tendunt nunc hi, nunc illi: certatur limine in ipso Ausoniae", + "en": "Now these, now those, strain to thrust back the foe; on Ausonias very threshold is the struggle." + }, + { + "id": 16689, + "la": "magno discordes aethere venti proelia ceu tollunt animis et viribus aequis; non ipsi inter se, non nubila, non mare cedit; anceps pugna diu, stant obnixa omnia contra: haud aliter Troianae acies aciesque Latinae concurrunt, haeret pede pes densusque viro vir", + "en": "As in wide heaven warring winds rise to battle, matched in spirit and strength; they yield not to one another'not winds, not clouds, not sea; long is the battle doubtful; all things stand locked in struggle; just so clash the ranks of Troy and the ranks of Latium, foot against foot, and man pressed close against man." + }, + { + "id": 16690, + "la": "At parte ex alia, qua saxa rotantia late impulerat torrens arbustaque diruta ripis, Arcadas insuetos acies inferre pedestris ut vidit Pallas Latio dare terga sequaci, aspera aquis natura loci dimittere quando suasit equos, unum quod rebus restat egenis, nunc prece, nunc dictis virtutem accendit amaris; quo fugitis, socii? per vos et fortia facta, per ducis Euandri nomen devictaque bella spemque meam, patriae quae nunc subit aemula laudi, fidite ne pedibus", + "en": "But in another part, where a torrent had driven rolling boulders far and wide and bushes torn from the banks, when Pallas saw his Arcadians, unused to charge on foot, turn to flight before pursuing Latium'for the nature of the ground, roughened by waters, persuaded them for once to dismiss their horses'then, as the one hope in such straits, now with entreaties, now with bitter words, he fires their courage: Friends, where are you running? By your brave deeds I pray you, by your King Evanders name, by the wars you have won, by my hopes now springing up to match my fathers renown'trust not to flight." + }, + { + "id": 16691, + "la": "ferro rumpenda per hostis est via", + "en": "We must hew a way through the foe with the sword." + }, + { + "id": 16692, + "la": "qua globus ille virum densissimus urget, hac vos et Pallanta ducem patria alta reposcit", + "en": "Where the mass of men presses thickest, there your noble country calls you back, with Pallas at your head." + }, + { + "id": 16693, + "la": "numina nulla premunt, mortali urgemur ab hoste mortales; totidem nobis animaeque manusque", + "en": "No gods press upon us; by mortal foes are we mortals driven; we have as many lives, as many hands as they." + }, + { + "id": 16694, + "la": "ecce maris magna claudit nos obice pontus, deest iam terra fugae: pelagus Troiamne petamus? haec ait, et medius densos prorumpit in hostis", + "en": "See, the ocean hems us in with mighty barrier of sea; there is now no land for our flight; are we to make for the sea or Troy? He speaks these words and dashes on into the midst of the serried foe." + }, + { + "id": 16695, + "la": "Obvius huic primum fatis adductus iniquis fit Lagus hunc, magno vellit dum pondere saxum, intorto figit telo, discrimina costis per medium qua spina dabat, hastamque receptat ossibus haerentem", + "en": "First Lagus meets him, drawn there by unkind fate; him, while tearing at a stone of vast weight, he pierces with hurled javelin where the spine midway between the ribs made a parting, and plucks back the spear from its lodging in the bones." + }, + { + "id": 16696, + "la": "quem non super occupat Hisbo, ille quidem hoc sperans; nam Pallas ante ruentem, dum furit, incautum crudeli morte sodalis excipit atque ensem tumido in pulmone recondit", + "en": "Nor does Hisbo surprise him by falling on him from above, hopeful though he is; for Pallas, as he rushes on, reckless and enraged over his comrades cruel death, has welcome ready and buries his sword in his distended chest." + }, + { + "id": 16697, + "la": "hinc Sthenium petit et Rhoeti de gente vetusta Anchemolum thalamos ausum incestare novercae", + "en": "Next he assails Sthenius, and Anchemolus of Rhoetus ancient line, who dared defile his step-mothers bed." + }, + { + "id": 16698, + "la": "vos etiam, gemini, Rutulis cecidistis in arvis, Daucia, Laride Thymberque, simillima proles, indiscreta suis gratusque parentibus error; at nunc dura dedit vobis discrimina Pallas", + "en": "You twin brothers, too, fell on Rutulian plains, Larides and Thymber, sons of Daucus, most like in semblance, indistinguishable to kindred, and to their own parents a sweet perplexity. But now Pallas has made a grim difference between you." + }, + { + "id": 16699, + "la": "nam tibi, Thymbre, caput Euandrius abstulit ensis; te decisa suum, Laride, dextera quaerit semianimesque micant digiti ferrumque retractant", + "en": "For your head, Thymber, Evanders sword swept off; while your severed hand, Larides, seeks its master, and the dying fingers twitch and clutch again at the sword." + }, + { + "id": 16700, + "la": "Arcadas accensos monitu et praeclara tuentis facta viri mixtus dolor et pudor armat in hostis", + "en": "Fired by his chiding and beholding his glorious deeds, the Arcadians are armed by mingled wrath and shame to face the foe." + }, + { + "id": 16701, + "la": "Tum Pallas biiugis fugientem Rhoetea praeter traicit", + "en": "Then Pallas pierces Rhoeteus, as he flies past in his chariot." + }, + { + "id": 16702, + "la": "hoc spatium tantumque morae fuit Ilo; Ilo namque procul validam derexerat hastam, quam medius Rhoeteus intercipit, optime Teuthra, te fugiens fratremque Tyren, curruque volutus caedit semianimis Rutulorum calcibus arva", + "en": "So much respite, so much delay Ilus gained; for at Ilus he had launched from afar his strong spear, and Rhoeteus intercepts it midway, fleeing from you, noble Teuthras, and from Tyres your brother. Rolling from the car in death, he spurns with his heels the Rutulian fields." + }, + { + "id": 16703, + "la": "ac velut optato ventis aestate coortis dispersa immittit silvis incendia pastor, correptis subito mediis extenditur una horrida per latos acies Volcania campos, ille sedens victor flammas despectat ovantis: non aliter socium virtus coit omnis in unum teque iuvat, Palla", + "en": "And as in summer, when the winds he longed for have risen, some shepherd kindles fires here and there among the woods; suddenly the spaces between catch fire, and Vulcans bristling battleline spreads unbroken over the broad fields; he, from his seat, gazes down victorious on the revelling flames: just so all your comrades chivalry rallies to one point in aid of you, Pallas!" + }, + { + "id": 16704, + "la": "sed bellis acer Halaesus tendit in adversos seque in sua colligit arma", + "en": "But Halaesus, bold in war, advances to confront them, and gathers himself behind his shield." + }, + { + "id": 16705, + "la": "hic mactat Ladona Pheretaque Demodocumque, Strymonio dextram fulgenti deripit ense elatam in iugulum, saxo ferit ora Thoantis ossaque dispersit cerebro permixta cruento", + "en": "He slays Ladon, and Pheres, and Demodocus; with gleaming sword he lops off Strymonius hand, raised against his throat; then smites Thoas in the face with a stone, and scattered the bones, mingled with blood and brains." + }, + { + "id": 16706, + "la": "fata canens silvis genitor celarat Halaesum; ut senior leto canentia lumina solvit, iniecere manum Parcae telisque sacrarunt Euandri", + "en": "His sire, prophetic of fate, had hidden Halaesus in the woods: when, with advance of age, he relaxed his glazing eyes in death, the Fates laid hand on Helaesus and devoted him to Evanders darts." + }, + { + "id": 16707, + "la": "quem sic Pallas petit ante precatus: da nunc, Thybri pater, ferro, quod missile libro, fortunam atque viam duri per pectus Halaesi", + "en": "Him Pallas assails, first praying thus: Grant now, father Tiber, to the steel I poise and hurl, a prosperous way through stout Halaesus breast;" + }, + { + "id": 16708, + "la": "haec arma exuviasque viri tua quercus habebit.", + "en": "your oak shall hold these weapons and the heros spoils." + }, + { + "id": 16709, + "la": "audiit illa deus; dum texit Imaona Halaesus, Arcadio infelix telo dat pectus inermum", + "en": "The god heard the prayer; while Halaesus shielded Imaon, the luckless man offers his defenceless breast to the Arcadian lance." + }, + { + "id": 16710, + "la": "At non caede viri tanta perterrita Lausus, pars ingens belli, sinit agmina: primus Abantem oppositum interimit, pugnae nodumque moramque", + "en": "But Lausus, a mighty portion of the war, does not allow his ranks to be dismayed by the heros vast carnage: first he cuts down Abas, who faces him, the battles knot and barrier." + }, + { + "id": 16711, + "la": "sternitur Arcadiae proles, sternuntur Etrusci et vos, o Grais imperdita corpora, Teucri", + "en": "Then falls the youth of Arcadia, the Etruscans fall, and you Trojans, whose bodies the Greeks did not destroy." + }, + { + "id": 16712, + "la": "agmina concurrunt ducibusque et viribus aequis; extremi addensent acies nec turba moveri tela manusque sinit", + "en": "The armies close, matched in captains as in might; the rearmost crowd upon the van, and the throng does not allow weapons or hands to move." + }, + { + "id": 16713, + "la": "hinc Pallas instat et urget, hinc contra Lausus, nec multum discrepat aetas, egregii forma, sed qus Fortuna negarat in patriam reditus", + "en": "Here Pallas presses and strains; there Lausus confronts him; the two were nearly matched in years, and peerless in beauty, but to them fortune had denied return to their homeland." + }, + { + "id": 16714, + "la": "ipsos concurrere passus haud tamen inter se magni regnator Olympi; mox illos sua fata manent maiore sub hoste", + "en": "But the king of great Olympus did not permit them to meet face to face; each has his own fate awaiting him soon beneath a greater foe." + }, + { + "id": 16715, + "la": "Interea soror alma monet succedere Lauso Turnum, qui volucri curru medium secat agmen", + "en": "Meanwhile his gracious sister warns Turnus to go to Lausus aid, and with his swift chariot he cleaves the ranks between." + }, + { + "id": 16716, + "la": "ut vidit socios: tempus desistere pugnae; solus ego in Pallanta feror, soli mihi Pallas debetur; cuperem ipse parens spectator adesset.", + "en": "As he saw his comrades, he cried: It is time to stand aside from battle; I alone attack Pallas; to me alone Pallas is due; I wish that his father himself were here to see!" + }, + { + "id": 16717, + "la": "haec ait, et socii cesserunt aequore iussi", + "en": "He said this, and his comrades withdrew from the field at his bidding." + }, + { + "id": 16718, + "la": "at Rutulum abscessu iuvenis tum iussa superba miratus stupet in Turno corpusque per ingens lumina volvit obitque truci procul omnia visu, talibus et dictis it contra dicta tyranni: aut spoliis ego iam raptis laudabor opimis aut leto insigni: sorti pater aequus utrique est tolle minas", + "en": "But when the Rutulians retired, then the youth, marvelling at the haughty command, stands amazed at Turnus, throws his eyes over that giant frame, and with fierce glance scans all from afar, then with these words answers the monarchs words: Soon I shall win praise either for kingly spoils or for a glorious death; my sire is equal to either fate: away with your threats!" + }, + { + "id": 16719, + "la": "fatus medium procedit in aequor; frigidus Arcadibus coit in praecordia sanguis", + "en": "So saying, he advances to the middle of the field: cold blood gathers at the hearts of the Arcadians." + }, + { + "id": 16720, + "la": "desiluit Turnus biiugis, pedes apparat ire comminus; utque leo, specula cum vidit ab alta stare procul campis meditantem in proelia taurum, advolat, haud alia est Turni venientis imago", + "en": "Down from his chariot leapt Turnus; he makes ready to close with the other on foot. And as, when from some lofty outlook a lion has seen a bull stand far off on the plain, meditating battle, on he rushes, no different seemed the coming of Turnus." + }, + { + "id": 16721, + "la": "hunc ubi contiguum missae fore credidit hastae, ire prior Pallas, si qua fors adiuvet ausum viribus imparibus, magnumque ita ad aethera fatur: per patris hospitium et mensas, quas advena adisti, te precor, Alcide, coeptis ingentibus adsis", + "en": "But Pallas, when he thought his foe within range of a spear-cast, moved forward first, in the hope that chance would aid the venture of his ill-matched strength, and thus to great heaven he cries: By my fathers welcome, and the table to which you came as a stranger, I beseech you, Alcides, aid my great enterprise." + }, + { + "id": 16722, + "la": "cernat semineci sibi me rapere arma cruenta victoremque ferant morientia lumina Turni.", + "en": "May Turnus see me strip the bloody arms from his dying limbs, and may his glazing eyes endure a conqueror!" + }, + { + "id": 16723, + "la": "audiit Alcides iuvenem magnumque sub imo corde premit gemitum lacrimasque effundit inanis", + "en": "Alcides heard the youth, and deep in his heart stifled a heavy groan, and shed useless tears." + }, + { + "id": 16724, + "la": "tum genitor natum dictis adfatur amicis: stat sua cuique dies, breve et inreparabile tempus omnibus est vitae; sed famam extendere factis, hoc virtutis opus", + "en": "Then with kindly words the Father addresses his son: 17 Each has his day appointed; short and irretrievable is the span of life for all: but to lengthen fame by deeds'that is valours task." + }, + { + "id": 16725, + "la": "Troiae sub moenibus altis tot gnati cecidere deum, quin occidit una Sarpedon, mea progenies; etiam sua Turnum fata vocant metasque dati pervenit ad aevi.", + "en": "Under Troys high walls fell those many sons of gods; indeed, with them fell my own child Sarpedon. For Turnus too his own fate calls, and he has reached the goal of his allotted years." + }, + { + "id": 16726, + "la": "sic ait, atque oculos Rutulorum reicit arvis", + "en": "So he speaks, and turns his eyes away from the Rutulian fields." + }, + { + "id": 16727, + "la": "At Pallas magnis emittit viribus hastam vaginaque cava fulgentem deripit ensem", + "en": "But Pallas hurls his spear with all his strength and plucks his flashing sword from its hollow scabbard." + }, + { + "id": 16728, + "la": "illa volans umeri surgunt qua tegmina summa incidit, atque viam clipei molita per oras tandem etiam magno strinxit de corpore Turni", + "en": "On flies the shaft and strikes where the top of the mail rises to guard the shoulder; then, forcing a way through the shields rim, at last even grazed the mighty frame of Turnus." + }, + { + "id": 16729, + "la": "hic Turnus ferro praefixum robur acuto in Pallanta diu librans iacit atque ita fatur: aspice num mage sit nostrum penetrabile telum. dixerat;", + "en": "At this, Turnus, long poising his oaken shaft tipped with sharpsteel, hurls it against Pallas, speaking thus: See whether my weapon is not sharper! He had spoken;" + }, + { + "id": 16730, + "la": "at clipeum, tot ferri terga, tot aeris, quem pellis totiens obeat circumdata tauri, vibranti cuspis medium transverberat ictu loricaeque moras et pectus perforat ingens", + "en": "and with quivering stroke the point tears through the centre of the shield, with all its plates of iron, all its plates of bronze, all the bull hides overlaying folds; then pierces the corslets barrier and the mighty breast." + }, + { + "id": 16731, + "la": "ille rapit calidum frustra de vulnere telum: una eademque via sanguis animusque sequuntur", + "en": "In vain he plucks the warm dart from the wound; by one and the same road follow blood and life." + }, + { + "id": 16732, + "la": "corruit in vulnus (sonitum super arma dedere) et terram hostilem moriens petit ore cruento", + "en": "He falls prone upon the wound, his armour clashes over him, and, dying, he smites the hostile earth with blood-stained mouth." + }, + { + "id": 16733, + "la": "quem Turnus super adsistens", + "en": "Then standing over him Turnus cries:" + }, + { + "id": 16734, + "la": "Arcades, haec inquit memores mea dicta referte Euandro: qualem meruit, Pallanta remitto", + "en": "Arcadians, give heed, and bear these words of mine back to Evander: I send him back Pallas as he has deserved to receive him." + }, + { + "id": 16735, + "la": "quisquis honos tumuli, quidquid solamen humandi est, largior", + "en": "Whatever honour a tomb gives, whatever solace a burial, I freely grant;" + }, + { + "id": 16736, + "la": "haud illi stabunt Aenea parvo hospitia.", + "en": "but his welcome of Aeneas shall cost him dear." + }, + { + "id": 16737, + "la": "et laevo pressit pede talia fatus exanimem rapiens immania pondera baltei impressumque nefas: una sub nocte iugali caesa manus iuvenum foede thalamique cruenti, quae Clonus Eurytides multo caelaverat auro; quo nunc Turnus ovat spolio gaudetque potitus", + "en": "So saying, with his left foot he trod upon the dead man, tearing away the belts huge weight and the story of the crime engraved on it 'the youthful band foully slain on one nuptial night, and the chambers drenched with blood'which Clonus, son of Eurytus, had richly chased in gold. Now Turnus exults in the spoil, and glories in the winning." + }, + { + "id": 16738, + "la": "nescia mens hominum fati sortisque futurae et servare modum rebus sublata secundis!", + "en": "O mind of man, knowing not fate or coming doom or how to keep bounds when uplifted with favouring fortune!" + }, + { + "id": 16739, + "la": "Turno tempus erit magno cum optaverit emptum intactum Pallanta, et cum spolia ista diemque oderit", + "en": "To Turnus shall come the hour when for a great price he will long to have bought an unscathed Pallas, and when he will abhor those spoils and that day." + }, + { + "id": 16740, + "la": "at socii multo gemitu lacrimisque impositum scuto referunt Pallanta frequentes", + "en": "But with many moans and tears his friends throng round Pallas and bear him back lying on his shield." + }, + { + "id": 16741, + "la": "o dolor atque decus magnum rediture parenti, haec te prima dies bello dedit, haec eadem aufert, cum tamen ingentis Rutulorum linquis acervos! Nec iam fama mali tanti, sed certior auctor advolat Aeneae tenui discrimine leti esse suos, tempus versis succurrere Teucris", + "en": "O you who will go home as a great grief and yet great glory to your father, this day first gave you to war, this also takes you from it, the day when yet you leave behind vast piles of Rutulian dead! And now no mere rumour of the bitter blow but a surer messenger flies to Aeneas'that his men are but a hairs breadth removed from death, that it is time to succour the routed Teucrians." + }, + { + "id": 16742, + "la": "proxima quaeque metit gladio latumque per agmen ardens limitem agit ferro, te, Turne, superbum caede nova quaerens", + "en": "With the sword he mows down all the nearest ranks, and fiercely drives a broad path through the host with the steel, seeking you, Turnus, still flushed with fresh slaughter." + }, + { + "id": 16743, + "la": "Pallas, Euandrus, in ipsis omnia sunt oculis, mensae quas advena primas tunc adiit, dextraeque datae", + "en": "Pallas, Evander, everything is before his eyes'the board to which he came then, a stranger, and the right hands pledged." + }, + { + "id": 16744, + "la": "Sulmone creatos quattuor hic iuvenes, totidem quos educat Ufens, viventis rapit, inferias quos immolet umbris captivoque rogi perfundat sanguine flammas", + "en": "Then four youths, sons of Sulmo, and as many reared by Ufens, he takes alive, to offer as victims to the dead and to sprinkle the funeral flame with captive blood." + }, + { + "id": 16745, + "la": "inde Mago procul infensam contenderat hastam: ille astu subit, at tremibunda supervolat hasta, et genua amplectens effatur talia supplex: per patrios manis et spes surgentis Iuli te precor, hanc animam serves gnatoque patrique", + "en": "Next at Magus from a distance he had aimed the hostile lance. Deftly he cowers'the lance flies quivering over him'and, clasping the heros knees, he speaks thus in supplication: By the spirit of your father, by your hope in growing Ilus, I entreat you, save my life for a son and for a father." + }, + { + "id": 16746, + "la": "est domus alta, iacent penitus defossa talenta caelati argenti, sunt auri pondera facti infectique mihi", + "en": "I have a lofty house; buried deep inside lie talents of chased silver, and I have masses of gold, wrought and unwrought." + }, + { + "id": 16747, + "la": "non hic victoria Teucrum vertitur aut anima una dabit discrimina tanta dixerat", + "en": "Not on me does the victory of Troy turn, nor will one life make a difference so great. He spoke," + }, + { + "id": 16748, + "la": "Aeneas contra cui talia reddit: argenti atque auri memoras quae multa talenta gnatis parce tuis", + "en": "and Aeneas thus replied: Those many talents of silver and gold that you tell of, keepthem for your sons." + }, + { + "id": 16749, + "la": "belli commercia Turnus sustulit ista prior iam tum Pallante perempto hoc patris Anchisae manes, hoc sentit Iulus.", + "en": "Such trafficking in war Turnus put away before now, even at the time when Pallas was slain. Thus judges my father Anchises spirit, thus Ilus." + }, + { + "id": 16750, + "la": "sic fatus galeam laeva tenet atque reflexa cervice orantis capulo tenus applicat ensem", + "en": "So speaking, he grasps the helmet with his left hand and, bending back the suppliants neck, drives the sword in upto the hilt." + }, + { + "id": 16751, + "la": "nec procul Haemonides, Phoebi Triviaeque sacerdos, infula cui sacra redimibat tempora vitta, totus conlucens veste atque insignibus albis", + "en": "Close by was Haemons son, priest of Phoebus and Trivia, his temples wreathed in the fillets sacred band, all glittering in his white robe and armour." + }, + { + "id": 16752, + "la": "quem congressus agit campo, lapsumque superstans immolat ingentique umbra tegit, arma Serestus lecta refert umeris tibi, rex Gradive, tropaeum", + "en": "Him Aeneas meets and drives over the plain; then, bestriding the fallen man, slaughters him and wraps him in mighty darkness; his armour Serestus gathers and carries away on his shoulders, a trophy, King Gradivus, for you!" + }, + { + "id": 16753, + "la": "Instaurant acies Volcani stirpe creatus Caeculus et veniens Marsorum montibus Umbro", + "en": "Caeculus, born of Vulcans race, and Umbro, who comes from the Marsian hills, repair the ranks." + }, + { + "id": 16754, + "la": "Dardanides contra furit: Anxuris ense sinistram et totum clipei terrae deiecerat orbem (dixerat ille aliquid magnum vimque adfore verbo crediderat, caeloque animum fortasse ferebat canitiemque sibi et longos promiserat annos); Tarquitus exsultans contra fulgentibus armis, silvicolae Fauno Dryope quem nympha crearat, obvius ardenti sese obtulit", + "en": "The Dardan storms against them. His sword had felled Anxurs left arm to the ground with the whole circle of his shield'he had uttered some brave vaunt and thought his hand would match his word, and perhaps he was raising his spirit and had promised himself white-haired old age and length of years'when, in the pride of gleaming arms, Tarquitus, whom the Nymph Dryope had borne to silvan Faunus, crossed his fiery course." + }, + { + "id": 16755, + "la": "ille reducta loricam clipeique ingens onus impedit hasta, tum caput orantis nequiquam et multa parantis dicere deturbat terrae, truncumque tepentem provolvens super haec inimico pectore fatur: istic nunc, metuende, iace", + "en": "Drawing back his spear, he pins the corslet and the shields huge burden together; then, as the youth vainly pleaded and tried to say many a word, he strikes his head to the ground and, as he spurns the trunk, still warm, speaks these words over him from his pitiless heart: Lie there now, terrible man!" + }, + { + "id": 16756, + "la": "non te optima mater condet humi patrioque onerabit membra sepulcro: alitibus linquere feris, aut gurgite mersum unda feret piscesque impasti vulnera lambent.", + "en": "No loving mother shall lay you in the earth, nor weigh down your limbs with an ancestral tomb. You will be left for the birds of prey; or, sunk beneath the flood, the wave will carry you along, and hungry fish will lick your wounds." + }, + { + "id": 16757, + "la": "protinus Antaeum et Lucam, prima agmina Turni, persequitur, fortemque Numam fulvumque Camertem, magnanimo Volcente satum, ditissimus agri qui fuit Ausonidum et tacitis regnavit Amyclis", + "en": "Next he overtakes Antaeus and Lucas, foremost of Turnus ranks, and brave Numa, and tawny Camers, son of noble Volcens, who was wealthiest in the land of the Ausonians, and reigned over silent Amyclae." + }, + { + "id": 16758, + "la": "Aegaeon qualis, centum cui bracchia dicunt centenasque manus, quinquaginta oribus ignem pectoribusque arsisse, Iovis cum fulmina contra tot paribus streperet clipeis, tot stringeret ensis: sic toto Aeneas desaevit in aequore victor ut semel intepuit mucro", + "en": "Like Aegaeon, who, men say, had a hundred arms and a hundred hands, and flashed fire from fifty mouths and breasts, when against Joves thunders he clanged with as many like shields, and bared as many swords; 21 so Aeneas over the whole plain gluts his victorious rage, when once his sword grew warm." + }, + { + "id": 16759, + "la": "quin ecce Niphaei quadriiugis in equos adversaque pectora tendit", + "en": "Now see! he makes for Niphaeus four-horse chariot and the chests that faced him;" + }, + { + "id": 16760, + "la": "atque illi longe gradientem et dira frementem ut videre, metu versi retroque ruentes effunduntque ducem rapiuntque ad litora currus", + "en": "when they saw his long strides and deadly rage, in terror they turn and rush backward, flinging forth their master and dragging the chariot to the shore." + }, + { + "id": 16761, + "la": "Interea biiugis infert se Lucagus albis in medios fraterque Liger; sed frater habenis flectit equos, strictum rotat acer Lucagus ensem", + "en": "Meanwhile, with their two white steeds, Lucagus and Liger his brother dash into the fray; but the brother guides the horses with the reins, while Lucagus fiercely brandishes his drawn sword." + }, + { + "id": 16762, + "la": "haud tulit Aeneas tanto fervore furentis; inruit adversaque ingens apparuit hasta", + "en": "Aeneas could not brook their furious onset, but rushed upon them, and towered gigantic with his opposing spear." + }, + { + "id": 16763, + "la": "cui Liger non Diomedis equos nec currum cernis Achilli aut Phrygiae campos: nunc belli finis et aevi his dabitur terris.", + "en": "To him Liger : It is not Diomedes horses that you see, nor Achilles car, nor the plains of Phrygia; now you will find an end of your warfare and your life in this land." + }, + { + "id": 16764, + "la": "vesano talia late dicta volant Ligeri", + "en": "Such words fly abroad from mad Ligers lips." + }, + { + "id": 16765, + "la": "sed non et Trous heros dicta parat contra, iaculum nam torquet in hostis", + "en": "But not in words does the Trojan hero shape a reply, for he hurls his javelin against the foe." + }, + { + "id": 16766, + "la": "Lucagus ut pronus pendens in verbera telo admonuit biiugos, proiecto dum pede laevo aptat se pugnae, subit oras hasta per imas fulgentis clipei, tum laevum perforat inguen; excussus curru moribundus volvitur arvis quem pius Aeneas dictis adfatur amaris:", + "en": "Then, as Lucagus, leaning forward to the stroke, urged on his steeds with the sword, while with left foot advanced he prepares for the fray, the spear comes through the lowest rim of his gleaming shield, then pierces the left groin; tumbling from the chariot, he rolls dying on the ground while loyal Aeneas addresses him with bitter words:" + }, + { + "id": 16767, + "la": "Lucage, nulla tuos currus fuga segnis equorum prodidit aut vanae vertere ex hostibus umbrae: ipse rotis saliens iuga deseris.", + "en": "Lucagus, it is not a cowardly flight by your horses that betrayed your chariot; and it is not the empty shadow from a foe that has turned them back; it is you yourself, leaping from the wheels, who forsakes your beasts." + }, + { + "id": 16768, + "la": "haec ita fatus arripuit biiugos; frater tendebat inertis infelix palmas curru delapsus eodem: per te, per qui te talem genuere parentes, vir Troiane, sine hanc animam et miserere precantis.", + "en": "So saying, he seized the horses; as he slid down from the same chariot, his brother piteously outstretched his helpless hands: By yourself, by the parents who gave life to such a son, hero of Troy, spare this life, and have pity on my prayer!" + }, + { + "id": 16769, + "la": "pluribus oranti Aeneas: haud talia dudum dicta dabas", + "en": "As he continued to plead, Aeneas said: Not such were your words before." + }, + { + "id": 16770, + "la": "morere et fratrem ne desere frater.", + "en": "Die, and let not brother forsake brother!" + }, + { + "id": 16771, + "la": "tum latebras animae pectus mucrone recludit", + "en": "Then with the sword he cleft open his breast, where life lies hidden." + }, + { + "id": 16772, + "la": "talia per campos edebat funera ductor Dardanius torrentis aquae vel turbinis atri more furens", + "en": "Such were the deaths the Dardan chieftain wrought over the plains, raging like a brook in torrent or a black tempest." + }, + { + "id": 16773, + "la": "tandem erumpunt et castra relinquunt Ascanius puer et nequiquam obsessa iuventus", + "en": "At last the boy Ascanius and the warriors besieged in vain break out and leave the camp." + }, + { + "id": 16774, + "la": "Iunonem interea compellat Iuppiter ultro: o germana mihi atque eadem gratissima coniunx, ut rebare, Venus (nec te sententia fallit) Troianas sustentat opes, non vivida bello dextra viris animusque ferox patiensque pericli.", + "en": "Meanwhile Jupiter of his own will addresses Juno: O you who are both sister and dearest wife to me, it is Venus, as you supposed'your judgment is not wrong'who upholds the Trojan power, not their own right hands quick for war and their proud souls patient of peril." + }, + { + "id": 16775, + "la": "cui Iuno summissa: quid, o pulcherrime coniunx, sollicitas aegram et tua tristia iussa timentem? si mihi, quae quondam fuerat quamque esse decebat, vis in amore foret, non hoc mihi namque negares, omnipotens, quin et pugnae subducere Turnum et Dauno possem incolumem servare parenti", + "en": "To him Juno speaks meekly: Why, my fairest lord, do you vex my sick heart, that fears your stern commands? Had my love the force that once it had, and still should have, this boon surely you would not deny me'the power to withdraw Turnus from the fray, and preserve him in safety for his father Daunus." + }, + { + "id": 16776, + "la": "nunc pereat Teucrisque pio det sanguine poenas", + "en": "But now let him perish and with innocent blood make atonement to the Trojans!" + }, + { + "id": 16777, + "la": "ille tamen nostra deducit origine nomen Pilumnusque illi quartus pater, et tua larga saepe manu multisque oneravit limina donis.", + "en": "Yet from our lineage he derives his name, for Pilumnus was his sire four generations gone; and often he has heaped your threshold with many a gift from a lavish hand." + }, + { + "id": 16778, + "la": "cui rex aetherii breviter sic fatur Olympi:", + "en": "To her the king of heavenly Olympus thus briefly spoke:" + }, + { + "id": 16779, + "la": "si mora praesentis leti tempusque caduco oratur iuveni meque hoc ita ponere sentis, tolle fuga Turnum atque instantibus eripe fatis: hactenus indulsisse vacat", + "en": "If your prayer is for a respite from present death, and a reprieve for the doomed youth'if you understand that such is my will, take Turnus away in flight, and snatch him from impending fate. Thus far there is room for indulgence." + }, + { + "id": 16780, + "la": "sin altior istis sub precibus venia ulla latet totumque moveri mutarive putas bellum, spes pascis inanis.", + "en": "But if thought of deeper favour lurks beneath your prayers, and you think that the wars whole course may be moved or altered, you are nursing an idle hope." + }, + { + "id": 16781, + "la": "et Iuno adlacrimans: quid si, quae voce gravaris, mente dares atque haec Turno rata vita maneret? nunc manet insontem gravis exitus, aut ego veri vana feror", + "en": "And Juno weeping: What if your heart were to grant what your tongue begrudges, and this life I crave were to remain assured to Turnus? Now a heavy doom awaits him for no guilt, or I wander empty of truth." + }, + { + "id": 16782, + "la": "quod ut o potius formidine falsa ludar, et in melius tua, qui potes, orsa reflectas! Haec ubi dicta dedit, caelo se protinus alto misit agens hiemem nimbo succincta per auras, Iliacamque aciem et Laurentia castra petivit", + "en": "O may I rather be mocked by my lying fears, and you, who can, bend your purposes to a better end! When she had spoken these words, she darted at once from high heaven through the air, driving her storm chariot and girdled in cloud, and sought the army of Ilium and the camp of Laurentum." + }, + { + "id": 16783, + "la": "tum dea nube cava tenuem sine viribus umbram in faciem Aeneae (visu mirabile monstrum) Dardaniis ornat telis, clipeumque iubasque divini adsimulat capitis, dat inania verba, dat sine mente sonum gressusque effingit euntis, morte obita qualis fama est volitare figuras aut quae sopitos deludunt somnia sensus", + "en": "Then the goddess from hollow mist fashions a thin, strengthless phantom in the likeness of Aeneas, a monstrous marvel to behold, decks it with Dardan weapons, and counterfeits the shield and plumes on his godlike head, gives it unreal words, gives a voice without thought, and mimics his gait as he moves; like shapes that flit, it is said, after death or like dreams that mock the slumbering senses." + }, + { + "id": 16784, + "la": "at primas laeta ante acies exsultat imago inritatque virum telis et voce lacessit", + "en": "But the phantom stalks exultant in front of the foremost ranks, provokes the foe with weapons, and with cries defies him." + }, + { + "id": 16785, + "la": "instat cui Turnus stridentemque eminus hastam conicit; illa dato vertit vestigia tergo", + "en": "Turnus rushes at it, and from afar hurls a hissing spear; the phantom wheels round in flight." + }, + { + "id": 16786, + "la": "tum vero Aenean aversum ut cedere Turnus credidit atque animo spem turbidus hausit inanem: quo fugis, Aenea? thalamos ne desere pactos; hac dabitur dextra tellus quaesita per undas.", + "en": "Then indeed, when Turnus thought that Aeneas had turned and yielded, and drank this empty hope into his confused mind, he cried: Where are you fleeing, Aeneas? Forsake not your plighted marriage; this hand of mine will give you the land you have sought over the seas." + }, + { + "id": 16787, + "la": "talia vociferans sequitur strictumque coruscat mucronem, nec ferre videt sua gaudia ventos", + "en": "With such clamour he chases him and brandishes his naked blade; he does not see that the winds are carrying his triumph away." + }, + { + "id": 16788, + "la": "Forte ratis celsi coniuncta crepidine saxi expositis stabat scalis et ponte parato, qua rex Clusinis advectus Osinius oris", + "en": "It chanced that, moored to the ledge of a lofty rock, with ladders let down and gangway ready, stood the ship in which king Osinius sailed from the coasts of Clusium." + }, + { + "id": 16789, + "la": "huc sese trepida Aeneae fugientis imago conicit in latebras, nec Turnus segnior instat exsuperatque moras et pontis transilit altos", + "en": "Hither the hurrying phantom of flying Aeneas flings itself into shelter; and with no less speed Turnus follows, surmounts all hindrances, and springs across the lofty bridge." + }, + { + "id": 16790, + "la": "vix proram attigerat, rumpit Saturnia funem avulsamque rapit revoluta per aequora navem", + "en": "Scarce had he touched the prow when Saturns daughter snaps the cable and sweeps the ship, torn from its moorings, over the ebbing waters." + }, + { + "id": 16791, + "la": "tum levis haud ultra latebras iam quaerit imago, sed sublime volans nubi se immiscuit atrae", + "en": "Then the airy phantom seeks shelter no longer, but soaring aloft blends with a dark cloud." + }, + { + "id": 16792, + "la": "illum autem Aeneas absentem in proelia poscit; obvia multa virum demittit corpora morti, cum Turnum medio interea fert aequore turbo", + "en": "But meantime Aeneas is challenging his absent foe to battle, and sends down to death many bodies of warriors who cross his path, while the gale carries Turnus over mid ocean." + }, + { + "id": 16793, + "la": "respicit ignarus rerum ingratusque salutis et duplicis cum voce manus ad sidera tendit: omnipotens genitor, tanton me crimine dignum duxisti et talis voluisti expendere poenas? quo feror? unde abii? quae me fuga quemve reducit?", + "en": "Unknowing of the truth and unthankful for escape, he looks back and raises his voice and clasped hands to heaven: Almighty Father, did you think me worthy of so much reproach, and is it your will that I pay such a penalty? Whither am I bound? Where have I come from? What flight withdraws me, and in what guise?" + }, + { + "id": 16794, + "la": "Laurentisne iterum muros aut castra videbo? quid manus illa virum, qui me meaque arma secuti? quosne (nefas) omnis infanda in morte reliqui et nunc palantis video, gemitumque cadentum accipio? quid ago? aut quae iam satis ima dehiscat terra mihi? vos o potius miserescite, venti; in rupes, in saxa (volens vos Turnus adoro) ferte ratem saevisque vadis immittite syrtis, quo nec me Rutuli nec conscia fama sequatur.", + "en": "Shall I look again on the campor walls of Laurentium? What of that band of warriors who followed me and my standard? One and all'Oh, the shame!'I have left them in the jaws of a cruel death, and now I see them scattered and hear their groans as they fall. What shall I do? What earth could now gape deep enough for me? Rather, you winds take pity on me! On rock, on reef drive the ship'from my heart I, Turnus, implore you'and cast it on some sandbanks ruthless shoal, where neither Rutuli nor Rumour that knows my shame may follow!" + }, + { + "id": 16795, + "la": "haec memorans animo nunc huc, nunc fluctuat illuc, an sese mucrone ob tantum dedecus amens induat et crudum per costas exigat ensem, fluctibus an iaciat mediis et litora nando curva petat Teucrumque iterum se reddat in arma", + "en": "So saying, he wavers in spirit this way and that, whether because of disgrace so foul he should in madness throw himself on his sword and drive the cruel steel through his ribs, or plunge into the waves, and gain the winding shore by swimming, and once more cast himself against the Trojan arms." + }, + { + "id": 16796, + "la": "ter conatus utramque viam, ter maxima Iuno continuit iuvenemque animi miserata repressit", + "en": "Thrice he tried each way; thrice mighty Juno stayed his hand and held him back in pity of heart." + }, + { + "id": 16797, + "la": "labitur alta secans fluctuque aestuque secundo et patris antiquam Dauni defertur ad urbem", + "en": "On he glides, cleaving the deep, with wave and tide to speed him, and is borne home to his father Daunus ancient city." + }, + { + "id": 16798, + "la": "At Iovis interea monitis Mezentius ardens succedit pugnae Teucrosque invadit ovantis", + "en": "But meanwhile at Joves behest fiery Mezentius takes up the battle and attacks the triumphant Teucrians." + }, + { + "id": 16799, + "la": "concurrunt Tyrrhenae acies atque omnibus uni, uni odiisque viro telisque frequentibus instant", + "en": "The Tyrrhene ranks rush together, and press on him alone with all their hatred, on him alone with all their ceaseless weapons." + }, + { + "id": 16800, + "la": "ille (velut rupes vastum quae prodit in aequor, obvia ventorum furiis expostaque ponto, vim cunctam atque minas perfert caelique marisque ipsa immota manens) prolem Dolichaonis Hebrum sternit humi, cum quo Latagum Palmumque fugacem, sed Latagum saxo atque ingenti fragmine montis occupat os faciemque adversam, poplite Palmum succiso volvi segnem sinit, armaque Lauso donat habere umeris et vertice figere cristas", + "en": "Like a cliff that juts into the vast deep, exposed to the raving winds and braving the main, that endures all the stress, all the menace of sky and sea, itself fixed unshaken'so he lays low on earth Hebrus, son of Dolichaon, and with him Latagus and Palmus, swift of foot; but Latagus he smites suddenly full in the mouth and face with a huge fragment of mountain rock, while Palmus he hamstrings, and leaves him slowly writhing; his armour he gives Lausus to wear upon his shoulders, and his plumes to fix upon his crest." + }, + { + "id": 16801, + "la": "nec non Euanthen Phrygium Paridisque Mimanta aequalem comitemque, una quem nocte Theano in lucem genitore Amyco dedit et face praegnas Cisseis regina Parin; Paris urbe paterna occubat, ignarum Laurens habet ora Mimanta", + "en": "Evanthes too, the Phrygian, and Mimas, comrade of Paris and his peer in age, whom Theano bore, his father being Amycus, on the very night that Cisseus royal daughter, pregnant with a firebrand, gave birth to Paris: Paris sleeps in the city of his fathers; Mimas, unknown, rests on the Laurentine shore." + }, + { + "id": 16802, + "la": "ac velut ille canum morsu de montibus altis actus aper, multos Vesulus quem pinifer annos defendit multosque palus Laurentia silva pascit harundinea, postquam inter retia ventum est, substitit infremuitque ferox et inhorruit armos, nec cuiquam irasci propiusve accedere virtus, sed iaculis tutisque procul clamoribus instant; ille autem impavidus partis cunctatur in omnis dentibus infrendens et tergo decutit hastas: haud aliter, iustae quibus est Mezentius irae, non ulli est animus stricto concurrere ferro, missilibus longe et vasto clamore lacessunt", + "en": "And just as a boar, driven by sharp-toothed hounds from mountain heights, one which pine-crowned Vesulus has sheltered for many years, or one which for many years the Laurentine marsh pastures on thick-growing reeds, when it reaches the nets, halts, snorts savagely, and raises its hackles, and no one is brave enough to rage or come near it, but all at safe distance assail it with darts and shouts, but undaunted it halts, turning in all directions with gnashing teeth, and shakes the javelins from its back'just so, of all those who had righteous hatred of Mezentius, none had heart to meet him with drawn sword; from a distance they provoke him with missiles and far-echoing shouts." + }, + { + "id": 16803, + "la": "Venerat antiquis Corythi de finibus Acron, Graius homo, infectos linquens profugus hymenaeos", + "en": "There had come from the ancient bounds of Corythus Acron, a Greek, an exile leaving a marriage incomplete." + }, + { + "id": 16804, + "la": "hunc ubi miscentem longe media agmina vidit, purpureum pennis et pactae coniugis ostro, impastus stabula alta leo ceu saepe peragrans (suadet enim vesana fames), si forte fugacem conspexit capream aut surgentem in cornua cervum, gaudet hians immane comasque arrexit et haeret visceribus super incumbens; lavit improba taeter ora cruor sic ruit in densos alacer Mezentius hostis", + "en": "When Mezentius saw him far off, dealing havoc among the ranks, bright in crimson plumes and the bright purple of his plighted bride, just as often an unfed lion, ranging the deep coverts'for maddening hunger prompts him'if by chance he spies a timorous roe or stately antlered stag, exults with mouth terribly agape, bristles his mane, and clings crouching over the flesh, his cruel mouth bathed in foul goreso Mezentius leaps eagerly upon the massed foemen." + }, + { + "id": 16805, + "la": "sternitur infelix Acron et calcibus atram tundit humum exspirans infractaque tela cruentat", + "en": "Down goes hapless Acron, hammers the black ground with his heels as he breathes his last, and dyes the broken spear with blood." + }, + { + "id": 16806, + "la": "atque idem fugientem haud est dignatus Oroden sternere nec iacta caecum dare cuspide vulnus; obvius adversoque occurrit seque viro vir contulit, haud furto melior sed fortibus armis", + "en": "And the same arm did not deign to lay Orodes low as he fled, nor to give an unseen wound with a spear cast; full face to face he ran to meet him and opposed him man against man, prevailing not by stealth but by strength of weapons." + }, + { + "id": 16807, + "la": "tum super abiectum posito pede nixus et hasta: pars belli haud temnenda, viri, iacet altus Orodes.", + "en": "Then, planting his foot on the fallen foe and straining at his spear, he cries, See, men! Low lies great Orodes'no mean portion of the war!" + }, + { + "id": 16808, + "la": "conclamant socii laetum paeana secuti; ille autem exspirans: non me, quicumque es, inulto, victor, nec longum laetabere; te quoque fata prospectant paria atque eadem mox arva tenebis ad quem subridens mixta Mezentius ira: nunc morere ast de me divum pater atque hominum rex viderit hoc dicens eduxit corpore telum", + "en": "His comrades join their shouts with his, taking up the joyous cry of triumph. But, breathing his last, Orodes says: Not unavenged shall I be, my conqueror, whoever you are, nor will you long exult; for a like doom keeps watch for you too, and in these same fields you will soon lie. Mezentius answered him, smiling in his wrath: Now die; but as for me let the father of gods and king of men look to it! So saying, he drew the weapon from the heros body;" + }, + { + "id": 16809, + "la": "olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget somnus, in aeternam clauduntur lumina noctem", + "en": "stern repose and iron slumber press upon his eyes, and their light closes into everlasting night." + }, + { + "id": 16810, + "la": "Caedicus Alcathoum obtruncat, Sacrator Hydaspen Partheniumque Rapo et praedurum viribus Orsen, Messapus Cloniumque Lycaoniumque Erichaeten, illum infrenis equi lapsu tellure iacentem, hunc peditem", + "en": "Caedicus slaughters Alcathous, Sacrator Hydaspes, Rapo Parthenius, and Orses of wondrous strength; Messapus slays Clonius and Ericetes, Lycaons son'the one as he lay on the ground, fallen from his unbridled steed, the other as he came on foot." + }, + { + "id": 16811, + "la": "pedes et Lycius processerat Agis, quem tamen haud expers Valerus virtutis avitae deicit; at Thronium Salius Saliumque Nealces, insignis iaculo et longe fallente sagitta", + "en": "On foot too Lycian Agis had advanced; but Valerus, lacking none of his ancestors prowess, struck him down; Thronius was killed by Salius, and Salius by Nealces, famed for the javelin and the arrow that surprises from a distance." + }, + { + "id": 16812, + "la": "Iam gravis aequabat luctus et mutua Mavors funera; caedebant pariter pariterque ruebant victores victique, neque his fuga nota neque illis", + "en": "Now the heavy hand of Mars was dealing out equal woe and mutual death. Alike they slew and alike they fell'victors and vanquished, and neither these nor those knew flight." + }, + { + "id": 16813, + "la": "di Iovis in tectis iram miserantur inanem mpr amborum et tantos mortalibus esse labores; hinc Venus, hinc contra spectat Saturnia Iuno", + "en": "The gods in Joves halls pity the useless rage of both armies, and grieve that mortals should endure such toils. Here Venus looks on, there, facing her, Saturnian Juno;" + }, + { + "id": 16814, + "la": "pallida Tisiphone media inter milia saevit", + "en": "pale Tisiphone rages among the thousands of men." + }, + { + "id": 16815, + "la": "At vero ingentem quatiens Mezentius hastam turbidus ingreditur campo", + "en": "But now Mezentius, brandishing his mighty spear, advances like a whirlwind on the plain." + }, + { + "id": 16816, + "la": "quam magnus Orion, cum pedes incedit medii per maxima Nerei stagna viam scindens, umero supereminet undas, aut summis referens annosam montibus ornum ingrediturque solo et caput inter nubila condit, talis se vastis infert Mezentius armis", + "en": "Great as Orion, when cleaving a path he stalks on foot through the vast pools of mid-ocean, towers with his shoulder above the waves, or, carrying off an aged ash from mountain heights, walks the ground with head hidden in the clouds: like him Mezentius strode in his giant armour." + }, + { + "id": 16817, + "la": "hunc contra Aeneas speculatus in agmine longe obvius ire parat", + "en": "On the other side Aeneas, spying him far off in the battleline, moves to meet him." + }, + { + "id": 16818, + "la": "manet imperterritus ille hostem magnanimum opperiens, et mole sua stat; atque oculis spatium emensus quantum satis hastae: dextra mihi deus et telum, quod missile libro, nunc adsint! voveo praedonis corpore raptis indutum spoliis ipsum te, Lause, tropaeum Aeneae.", + "en": "He stands his ground undaunted, awaiting his noble foe, and steadfast in his bulk; then, with eye measuring the distance that would suffice his spear, he says: May this right hand, my deity, and the hurtling weapon I poise, now aid me! I vow you, Lausus, your very self, clad in spoils stripped from the robbers corpse, as my trophy over Aeneas." + }, + { + "id": 16819, + "la": "dixit, stridentemque eminus hastam iecit", + "en": "He spoke, and threw from far his whistling spear;" + }, + { + "id": 16820, + "la": "at illa volans clipeo est excussa proculque egregium Antoren latus inter et ilia figit, Herculis Antoren comitem, qui missus ab Argis haeserat Euandro atque Itala consederat urbe", + "en": "as it flew, it glanced from the shield, and pierces noble Antores nearby between side and flank'Antores, comrade of Hercules, who, sent from Argos, had joined Evander, and settled in an Italian town." + }, + { + "id": 16821, + "la": "sternitur infelix alieno vulnere, caelumque aspicit et dulcis moriens reminiscitur Argos", + "en": "He falls, unlucky man, by a wound meant for another, and gazes on the sky and, dying, dreams of his sweet Argos." + }, + { + "id": 16822, + "la": "tum pius Aeneas hastam iacit; illa per orbem aere cavum triplici, per linea terga tribusque transiit intextum tauris opus, imaque sedit inguine, sed viris haud pertulit", + "en": "Then loyal Aeneas casts a spear; through the hollow shield of threefold bronze, through the layers of linen and the inwoven work of triple bull hides, it sped, and lodged low in the groin; but it did not drive its force home." + }, + { + "id": 16823, + "la": "ocius ensem Aeneas viso Tyrrheni sanguine laetus eripit a femine et trepidanti fervidus instat", + "en": "Quickly Aeneas, gladdened by the sight of the Tuscans blood, snatches his sword from the thigh and presses eagerly on his confused foe." + }, + { + "id": 16824, + "la": "ingemuit cari graviter genitoris amore, ut vidit, Lausus, lacrimaeque per ora volutae' hic mortis durae casum tuaque optima facta, si qua fidem tanto est operi latura vetustas, non equidem nec te, iuvenis memorande, silebo ille pedem referens et inutilis inque ligatus cedebat clipeoque inimicum hastile trahebat", + "en": "Deeply Lausus groaned for love of his dear father, when he saw the sight, and tears rolled down his face'and here the fate of cruel death and your most glorious deeds (if at all antiquity can win belief in such prowess) I will not leave unsung, nor you yourself, young man, so worthy to be sung!'the father, disabled and encumbered, was now giving ground with retreating steps, trailing from his shield his foemans lance." + }, + { + "id": 16825, + "la": "proripuit iuvenis seseque immiscuit armis, iamque adsurgentis dextra plagamque ferentis Aeneae subiit mucronem ipsumque morando sustinuit; socii magno clamore sequuntur, dum genitor nati parma protectus abiret, telaque coniciunt perturbantque eminus hostem missilibus", + "en": "The youth dashed forward and plunged into the fray; and just as Aeneas hand rose to deal a blow, he caught up the heros point and checked him by this delay. His comrades follow with loud cries, until the father, guarded by his sons shield, could withdraw; and showering their javelins beat back the foe with missiles from a distance." + }, + { + "id": 16826, + "la": "furit Aeneas tectusque tenet se", + "en": "Aeneas rages but keeps himself under shelter." + }, + { + "id": 16827, + "la": "ac velut effusa si quando grandine nimbi praecipitant, omnis campis diffugit arator omnis et agricola, et tuta latet arce viator aut amnis ripis aut alti fornice saxi, dum pluit in terris, ut possint sole reducto exercere diem: sic obrutus undique telis Aeneas nubem belli, dum detonet omnis, sustinet et Lausum increpitat Lausoque minatur: quo moriture ruis maioraque viribus audes? fallit te incautum pietas tua.", + "en": "And as, when at times storm clouds pour down in showers of hail, every ploughman, every husbandman flees the fields, and the wayfarer cowers in a safe stronghold, a rivers bank or a vault of lofty rock, while the rain falls upon the lands, so that, when the sun returns, they may pursue the days task: just so, overwhelmed by javelins on all sides, Aeneas endures the war cloud until all its thunder is spent, while he chides Lausus and threatens Lausus: Where are you rushing to death, with your daring beyond your strength? Your love is betraying you into rashness." + }, + { + "id": 16828, + "la": "nec minus ille exsultat demens, saevae iamque altius irae Dardanio surgunt ductori, extremaque Lauso Parcae fila legunt", + "en": "But none the less the youth rages insanely; now fierce wrath rises higher in the Dardan leaders heart, and the Fates gather upLausus last threads;" + }, + { + "id": 16829, + "la": "validum namque exigit ensem per medium Aeneas iuvenem totumque recondit; transiit et parmam mucro, levia arma minacis, et tunicam molli mater quam neverat auro, implevitque sinum sanguis; tum vita per auras concessit maesta ad Manis corpusque reliquit", + "en": "for Aeneas drives the sword sheer through the youths body, and buries it to the hilt. The point pierced the target frail armour for one so threatening'and the tunic his mother had woven him of pliant gold; blood filled his breast, then through the air the life fled sorrowing to the Shades, and left the body." + }, + { + "id": 16830, + "la": "At vero ut vultum vidit morientis et ora, ora modis Anchisiades pallentia miris, ingemuit miserans graviter dextramque tetendit,", + "en": "But when Anchises son saw the look on that dying face'that face so strangely pale'he groaned heavily in pity, and stretched out his hand, as the likeness of his own" + }, + { + "id": 16831, + "la": "et mentem patriae subiit pietatis imago", + "en": "love for his father entered his heart." + }, + { + "id": 16832, + "la": "quid tibi nunc, miserande puer, pro laudibus istis, quid pius Aeneas tanta dabit indole dignum? arma, quibus laetatus, habe tua; teque parentum manibus et cineri, si qua est ea cura, remitto", + "en": "What now, unhappy boy, will loyal Aeneas give you in recognition of these glorious deeds of yours? What reward worthy of such a heart? Keepfor your own the arms in which you delighted; and if you care at all for this, I return you to the spirits and ashes of your forebears." + }, + { + "id": 16833, + "la": "hoc tamen infelix miseram solabere mortem: Aeneae magni dextra cadis.", + "en": "This at least, unhappy man, will console you for your sad death: you fall by the hand of great Aeneas." + }, + { + "id": 16834, + "la": "increpat ultro cunctantis socios et terra sublevat ipsum sanguine turpantem comptos de more capillos", + "en": "Further, he chides his laggard comrades and raises their chief from the ground, where he was befouling his ordered locks with blood." + }, + { + "id": 16835, + "la": "Interea genitor Tiberini ad fluminis undam vulnera siccabat lymphis corpusque levabat arboris acclinis trunco", + "en": "Meanwhile by the wave of the Tiber river, the father staunched his wounds with water, and rested his reclining frame against the trunk of a tree." + }, + { + "id": 16836, + "la": "procul aerea ramis dependet galea et prato gravia arma quiescunt", + "en": "Nearby his bronze helmet hangs from the boughs, and his heavy weapons lie in peace on the meadow." + }, + { + "id": 16837, + "la": "stant lecti circum iuvenes; ipse aeger anhelans colla fovet fusus propexam in pectora barbam; multa super Lauso rogitat, multumque remittit qui revocent maestique ferant mandata parentis", + "en": "Chosen men stand round; he himself, sick and panting, eases his neck, while over his chest streams his flowing beard. Many a time he asks for Lausus, and many a time he sends messengers to recall him, and convey the orders of his grieving father." + }, + { + "id": 16838, + "la": "at Lausum socii exanimem super arma ferebant flentes, ingentem atque ingenti vulnere victum", + "en": "But his weeping comrades were bearing Lausus lifeless on his armour'a mighty man and laid low by a mighty wound." + }, + { + "id": 16839, + "la": "agnovit longe gemitum praesaga mali mens", + "en": "The ill-boding heart knew their wail from far off." + }, + { + "id": 16840, + "la": "canitiem multo deformat pulvere et ambas ad caelum tendit palmas et corpore inhaeret", + "en": "He defiles his hoary hair with dust, raises both hands to heaven, and clings to the body:" + }, + { + "id": 16841, + "la": "tantane me tenuit vivendi, nate, voluptas, ut pro me hostili paterer succedere dextrae, quem genui? tuane haec genitor per vulnera servor morte tua vivens? heu, nunc misero mihi demum exilium infelix, nunc alte vulnus adactum! idem ego, nate, tuum maculavi crimine nomen, pulsus ob invidiam solio sceptrisque paternis", + "en": "My son, did such joy of life possess me that in my stead I let you meet the foemans sword'you whom I begot? Am I, your father, saved by these wounds of yours, alive through your death? Alas! now at last I know, wretch that I am, the bitterness of exile; now my wound is driven deep! I myself, my son, have stained your name with guilt'I, driven in loathing from the throne and sceptre of my fathers." + }, + { + "id": 16842, + "la": "debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum: omnis per mortis animam sontem ipse dedissem! nunc vivo neque adhuc homines lucemque relinquo", + "en": "Long have I owed my punishment to my country and my peoples hate; by any form of death I would myself have yielded up my guilty life. Now I live on, and do not yet leave the light of day and mankind;" + }, + { + "id": 16843, + "la": "sed linquam.", + "en": "but leave I will." + }, + { + "id": 16844, + "la": "simul hoc dicens attollit in aegrum se femur et, quamquam vis alto vulnere tardat, haud deiectus equum duci iubet", + "en": "And as he speaks he raises himself on his stricken thigh and, though his force flags from the deepwound, yet, undismayed, he bids his horse be brought." + }, + { + "id": 16845, + "la": "hoc decus illi, hoc solamen erat, bellis hoc victor abibat omnibus", + "en": "This was his pride, this his solace; on this he rode victorious from every battle." + }, + { + "id": 16846, + "la": "adloquitur maerentem et talibus infit: Rhaebe, diu, res si qua diu mortalibus ulla est, viximus", + "en": "He addresses the grieving beast and accosts it thus: Rhaebus, we have lived long, if anything lasts long for mortals." + }, + { + "id": 16847, + "la": "aut hodie victor spolia illa cruenta et caput Aeneae referes Lausique dolorum ultor eris mecum, aut, aperit si nulla viam vis, occumbes pariter; neque enim, fortissime, credo, iussa aliena pati et dominos dignabere Teucros.", + "en": "Today you will either carry away in victory those bloody spoils and the head of Aeneas, and with me avenge the sufferings of Lausus, or, if no force opens a way, you will die with me; for you, gallant steed, will not deign, I think, to endure a strangers orders and a Trojan lord!" + }, + { + "id": 16848, + "la": "dixit, et exceptus tergo consueta locavit membra manusque ambas iaculis oneravit acutis, aere caput fulgens cristaque hirsutus equina", + "en": "He spoke and, mounting the beast, settled his limbs as was his wont, and burdened each hand with sharp javelins, his head glittering with bronze and bristling with horsehair plume." + }, + { + "id": 16849, + "la": "sic cursum in medios rapidus dedit", + "en": "Thus he swiftly dashed into the fray." + }, + { + "id": 16850, + "la": "aestuat ingens uno in corde pudor mixtoque insania luctu", + "en": "In that single heart surges a vast tide of shame and madness mingled with grief." + }, + { + "id": 16851, + "la": "Atque hic Aenean magna ter voce vocavit", + "en": "And now thrice in loud tones he called Aeneas." + }, + { + "id": 16852, + "la": "Aeneas agnovit enim laetusque precatur: sic pater ille deum faciat, sic altus Apollo! incipias conferre manum tantum effatus et infesta subit obvius hasta", + "en": "Aeneas knew the call, and offers joyful prayer: So may the great father of the gods grant it, so Apollo on high! Let you begin the combat! So much said, he moves forward to meet him with levelled spear." + }, + { + "id": 16853, + "la": "ille autem: quid me erepto, saevissime, nato terres? haec via sola fuit qua perdere posses: nec mortem horremus nec divum parcimus ulli", + "en": "But he speaks: Why seek to frighten me, fierce foe, now that my son is taken? This was the only way in which you could destroy me. We do not shrink from death, nor do we heed any of the gods." + }, + { + "id": 16854, + "la": "desine, nam venio moriturus et haec tibi porto dona prius.", + "en": "Cease; for I come to die, first bringing these gifts." + }, + { + "id": 16855, + "la": "dixit, telumque intorsit in hostem;", + "en": "He spoke, and hurled a javelin at his foe;" + }, + { + "id": 16856, + "la": "inde aliud super atque aliud figitque volatque ingenti gyro, sed sustinet aureus umbo", + "en": "then plants another and yet another, wheeling in wide circle; but the boss of gold withstands them." + }, + { + "id": 16857, + "la": "ter circum astantem laevos equitavit in orbis tela manu iaciens, ter secum Trous heros immanem aerato circumfert tegmine silvam", + "en": "Thrice round his watchful foe he rode, turning to the left and launching darts from his hand; thrice the Trojan hero bears round with him the dreadful growth of spears upon his bronze shield." + }, + { + "id": 16858, + "la": "inde ubi tot traxisse moras, tot spicula taedet vellere, et urgetur pugna congressus iniqua, multa movens animo iam tandem erumpit et inter bellatoris equi cava tempora conicit hastam", + "en": "Then, weary of dragging out so many delays, of plucking out so many weapons, and hard pressed in the unequal fray, at last with much pondering at heart, he bursts out and hurls his lance full between the war horses hollow temples." + }, + { + "id": 16859, + "la": "tollit se arrectum quadripes et calcibus auras verberat, effusumque equitem super ipse secutus implicat eiectoque incumbit cernuus armo", + "en": "The steed rears up, lashes the air with its feet, then throws the rider and itself coming down from above, entangles him; then falls on him in headlong plunge, and with shoulder out of joint." + }, + { + "id": 16860, + "la": "clamore incendunt caelum Troesque Latinique", + "en": "Trojans and Latins set heaven aflame with their cries." + }, + { + "id": 16861, + "la": "advolat Aeneas vaginaque eripit ensem et super haec: ubi nunc Mezentius acer et illa effera vis animi? contra Tyrrhenus, ut auras suspiciens hausit caelum mentemque recepit: hostis amare, quid increpitas mortemque minaris? nullum in caede nefas, nec sic ad proelia veni, nec tecum meus haec pepigit mihi foedera Lausus", + "en": "Aeneas rushes up, tears his sword from the scabbard, and standing over him cries: Where now is bold Mezentius, and that wild fierceness of soul? In answer the Tuscan said, as with eyes raised to the air he drank in the heaven and regained his senses: Bitter foe, why do you taunt me and threaten me with death? It is no sin to slay me; not on such terms did I come to battle, nor is such the pact my Lausus pledged between me and you." + }, + { + "id": 16862, + "la": "unum hoc per si qua est victis venia hostibus oro: corpus humo patiare tegi", + "en": "This alone I ask, by whatever grace a vanquished foe may claim: let my body to be laid in earth." + }, + { + "id": 16863, + "la": "scio acerba meorum circumstare odia: hunc, oro, defende furorem et me consortem nati concede sepulcro.", + "en": "I know that my peoples fierce hatred besets me. Guard me, I pray, from their fury, and grant me fellowship with my son in the tomb." + }, + { + "id": 16864, + "la": "haec loquitur, iuguloque haud inscius accipit ensem undantique animam diffundit in arma cruore", + "en": "So he speaks, and, unfaltering, welcomes the sword to his throat, and pours forth his life over his armour in streams of blood." + }, + { + "id": 16865, + "la": "Oceanum interea surgens Aurora reliquit: Aeneas, quamquam et sociis dare tempus humandis praecipitant curae turbataque funere mens est, vota deum primo victor solvebat Eoo", + "en": "Meanwhile dawn rose and left the ocean. Aeneas, though his sorrows urge him to give time to his comrades burial, and death has confused his soul, yet, as the Day Star rose, began to pay the gods his vows of victory." + }, + { + "id": 16866, + "la": "ingentem quercum decisis undique ramis constituit tumulo fulgentiaque induit arma, Mezenti ducis exuvias, tibi magne tropaeum bellipotens; aptat rorantis sanguine cristas telaque trunca viri, et bis sex thoraca petitum perfossumque locis, clipeumque ex aere sinistrae subligat atque ensem collo suspendit eburnum", + "en": "A mighty oak, its branches lopped all round, he plants on a mound, and arrays in the gleaming arms stripped from Mezentius the chief, a trophy to you, great Lord of War. 2 To it he fastens the crests dripping with blood, the warriors broken spears, and the breastplate smitten and pierced twice six times; to the left hand he binds the bronze shield, and from the neck hangs the ivory sword." + }, + { + "id": 16867, + "la": "tum socios (namque omnis eum stipata tegebat turba ducum) sic incipiens hortatur ovantis: Maxima res effecta, viri; timor omnis abesto, quod superest; haec sunt spolia et de rege superbo primitiae manibusque meis Mezentius hic est", + "en": "Then his triumphant comrades'for the whole band of chieftains thronged close about him'he thus begins to exhort: Mighty deeds have we wrought, my men; for the future, away with all fear! These are the spoils and firstfruits of a haughty king; and this is Mezentius, as fashioned by my hands." + }, + { + "id": 16868, + "la": "nunc iter ad regem nobis murosque Latinos", + "en": "Now we must march to Latiums king and walls." + }, + { + "id": 16869, + "la": "arma parate animis, et spe praesumite bellum, ne qua mora ignaros, ubi primum vellere signa adnuerint superi pubemque educere castris, impediat segnisve metu sententia tardet", + "en": "Prepare your weapons with courage and with your hopes anticipate the war, so that when the gods above grant us to raise our standards and lead out the army from the camp no delay may impede us, taken unawares, or faltering purpose retard us through fear." + }, + { + "id": 16870, + "la": "interea socios inhumataque corpora terrae mandemus, qui solus honos Acheronte sub imo est", + "en": "Meanwhile let us commit to earth the unburied bodies of our comrades'their only honour in the depths of Acheron." + }, + { + "id": 16871, + "la": "ite, ait egregias animas, quae sanguine nobis hanc patriam peperere suo, decorate supremis muneribus, maestamque Euandri primus ad urbem mittatur Pallas, quem non virtutis egentem abstulit atra dies et funere mersit acerbo.", + "en": "Go, he continues, grace with the last rites those noble souls who with their blood have won for us this our country; and first to Evanders mourning city let Pallas be sent, whom, though he did not lack courage, the black day swept away and plunged in bitter death." + }, + { + "id": 16872, + "la": "Sic ait inlacrimans, recipitque ad limina gressum corpus ubi exanimi positum Pallantis Acoetes servabat senior, qui Parrhasio Euandro armiger ante fuit, sed non felicibus aeque tum comes auspiciis caro datus ibat alumno", + "en": "So he speaks weeping, and retraces his steps to the threshold where Pallas lifeless body was laid, watched by old Acoetes, who in former time was armour bearer to Parrhasian Evander, but now with less happy auspices went as appointed guardian to his beloved foster-child." + }, + { + "id": 16873, + "la": "circum omnis famulumque manus Troianaque turba et maestum Iliades crinem de more solutae", + "en": "Around stood all the attendant train and Trojan throng, with the Ilian women, their hair unbound for mourning according to custom." + }, + { + "id": 16874, + "la": "ut vero Aeneas foribus sese intulit altis ingentem gemitum tunsis ad sidera tollunt pectoribus, maestoque immugit regia luctu", + "en": "But when Aeneas entered the lofty portal, they smote their breasts and raised a mighty wail to the stars, and the royal dwelling rang with their sorrowful lamentation." + }, + { + "id": 16875, + "la": "ipse caput nivei fultum Pallantis et ora ut vidit levique patens in pectore vulnus cuspidis Ausoniae, lacrimis ita fatur obortis: tene, inquit miserande puer, cum laeta veniret, invidit Fortuna mihi, ne regna videres nostra neque ad sedes victor veherere paternas? non haec Euandro de te promissa parenti discedens dederam, cum me complexus euntem mitteret in magnum imperium metuensque moneret acris esse viros, cum dura proelia gente", + "en": "He, when he saw the pillowed head and face of Pallas, snowy-white, and, on his smooth breast, the gaping wound from an Ausonian spear, speaks thus, amid welling tears: Was it you, unhappy boy, that Fortune begrudged me in her happy hour, so that you would not look upon my realm, nor ride triumphant to your fathers home? Not this was the parting promise about you that I gave your father Evander, when he embraced me as I went, and sent me forth to win great empire, but warned me in fear that valiant were the men and hardy the race we confronted." + }, + { + "id": 16876, + "la": "et nunc ille quidem spe multum captus inani fors et vota facit cumulatque altaria donis, nos iuvenem exanimum et nil iam caelestibus ullis debentem vano maesti comitamur honore", + "en": "And now he, much beguiled by vain hope, is perhaps offering vows and heaping the altars high with gifts; we in sorrow attend with empty rites the lifeless son, who owes no more to any gods of heaven." + }, + { + "id": 16877, + "la": "infelix, nati funus crudele videbis! hi nostri reditus, exspectatique triumphi? haec mea magna fides? at non, Euandre, pudendis vulneribus pulsum aspicies, nec sospite dirum optabis nato funus pater", + "en": "Unhappy man, you will see the bitter funeral of your son! Is this our return, our awaited triumph? Is this my sure pledge? But your eyes, Evander, will not look on your son routed with shameful wounds nor will you, his father, pray for a death accursed because your son is alive." + }, + { + "id": 16878, + "la": "ei mihi quantum praesidium, Ausonia, et quantum tu perdis, Iule! Haec ubi deflevit, tolli miserabile corpus imperat, et toto lectos ex agmine mittit mille viros qui supremum comitentur honorem intersintque patris lacrimis, solacia luctus exigua ingentis, misero sed debita patri", + "en": "Ah me! how great a protection is lost to you, Ausonia, how great a one to you, Iulus! His lamentation ended, he bids them raise the piteous corpse, and sends a thousand men chosen from his whole army to attend the last rite and share the fathers tears'scant solace for grief so vast, but owed to a fathers sorrow." + }, + { + "id": 16879, + "la": "haud segnes alii cratis et molle feretrum arbuteis texunt virgis et vimine querno exstructosque toros obtentu frondis inumbrant", + "en": "Others in haste plait the wicker frame of a soft bier with arbute shoots and oaken twigs, and shroud the high-piled couch with a leafy canopy." + }, + { + "id": 16880, + "la": "hic iuvenem agresti sublimem stramine ponunt: qualem virgineo demessum pollice florem seu mollis violae seu languentis hyacinthi, cui neque fulgor adhuc nec dum sua forma recessit, non iam mater alit tellus virisque ministrat", + "en": "Here they lay the youth high on his rustic bed, like a flower culled by a girls finger, tender violet or drooping hyacinth, whose sheen and native grace have not yet faded, but no more does its mother earth give it strength and nurture." + }, + { + "id": 16881, + "la": "tum geminas vestis auroque ostroque rigentis extulit Aeneas, quas illi laeta laborum ipsa suis quondam manibus Sidonia Dido fecerat et tenui telas discreverat auro", + "en": "Then Aeneas brought forth two robes, stiff with gold and purple, which Sidonian Dido, delighting in the toil, had once herself with her own hands wrought for him, interweaving the web with threads of gold." + }, + { + "id": 16882, + "la": "harum unam iuveni supremum maestus honorem induit arsurasque comas obnubit amictu, multaque praeterea Laurentis praemia pugnae aggerat et longo praedam iubet ordine duci; addit equos et tela quibus spoliaverat hostem", + "en": "Of these he sadly drapes one round the youth as a last honour, and in its covering veils those locks that the fire will claim; and as well he heaps up many a prize from the Laurentine fray, and bids that the spoils be borne in a long train; then he adds the horses and armour of which he had stripped the foe." + }, + { + "id": 16883, + "la": "vinxerat et post terga manus, quos mitteret umbris inferias, caeso sparsurus sanguine flammas, indutosque iubet truncos hostilibus armis ipsos ferre duces inimicaque nomina figi", + "en": "He had bound behind their backs the hands of those whom he meant to send as offerings to the Shades, sprinkling the flames with the blood of the slain. He bids the chiefs themselves bear tree trunks draped in hostile weapons with the foemens names affixed." + }, + { + "id": 16884, + "la": "ducitur infelix aevo confectus Acoetes, pectora nunc foedans pugnis, nunc unguibus ora, sternitur et toto proiectus corpore terrae; ducunt et Rutulo perfusos sanguine currus", + "en": "Hapless Acoetes, worn out with years, is led along, marring now his breast with clenched fists, now his face with nails, and he falls full-length on the ground. Chariots too they lead, bespattered with Rutulian blood." + }, + { + "id": 16885, + "la": "post bellator equus positis insignibus Aethon it lacrimans guttisque umectat grandibus ora", + "en": "Behind, the war-steed Aethon, his trappings laid aside, goes weeping, and big drops wet his face." + }, + { + "id": 16886, + "la": "hastam alii galeamque ferunt, nam cetera Turnus victor habet", + "en": "Others carry the spear and helmet: for all else Turnus, as victor, holds." + }, + { + "id": 16887, + "la": "tum maesta phalanx Teucrique sequuntur Tyrrhenique omnes et versis Arcades armis", + "en": "Then follows a mournful host'the Teucrians, and all the Tuscans and the Arcadians with arms reversed." + }, + { + "id": 16888, + "la": "postquam omnis longe comitum praecesserat ordo, substitit Aeneas gemituque haec addidit alto: nos alias hinc ad lacrimas eadem horrida belli fata vocant: salve aeternum mihi, maxime Palla, aeternumque vale.", + "en": "When all the retinue of his comrades had advanced far ahead, Aeneas halted, and with deep sigh spoke this word more: The same grim destiny of war summons me hence to other tears: hail for evermore, noblest Pallas, and for evermore farewell!" + }, + { + "id": 16889, + "la": "nec plura effatus ad altos tendebat muros gressumque in castra ferebat", + "en": "And without further words he turned to the lofty walls and bent his steps towards the camp." + }, + { + "id": 16890, + "la": "Iamque oratores aderant ex urbe Latina velati ramis oleae veniamque rogantes: corpora, per campos ferro quae fusa iacebant, redderet ac tumulo sineret succedere terrae; nullum cum victis certamen et aethere cassis; parceret hospitibus quondam socerisque vocatis", + "en": "And now came envoys from the Latin city, shaded with olive boughs and asking for truce; the bodies that lay strewn by the sword all over the plain they prayed him to return and allow to rest beneath a mound of earth. There can be, they plead, no quarrel with vanquished men, bereft of the light of heaven; let him spare men who were once called hosts and fathers of their brides!" + }, + { + "id": 16891, + "la": "quos bonus Aeneas haud aspernanda precantis prosequitur venia et verbis haec insuper addit: quaenam vos tanto fortuna indigna, Latini, implicuit bello, qui nos fugiatis amicos? pacem me exanimis et Martis sorte peremptis oratis? equidem et vivis concedere vellem", + "en": "To them good Aeneas courteously grants the prayer he could not spurn, and adds these words besides: What undeserved chance, Latins, has entangled you in so terrible a war, that you fly from us your friends? Do you ask me peace for the dead slain by the lot of battle? Gladly would I grant it to the living too." + }, + { + "id": 16892, + "la": "nec veni, nisi fata locum sedemque dedissent, nec bellum cum gente gero; rex nostra reliquit hospitia et Turni potius se credidit armis", + "en": "I would not have come, had not fate assigned me here a place and home, nor do I wage war with your people: it is your king who forsook our alliance and preferred to trust himself to Turnus sword." + }, + { + "id": 16893, + "la": "aequius huic Turnum fuerat se opponere morti", + "en": "It would have been juster for Turnus to face this death." + }, + { + "id": 16894, + "la": "si bellum finire manu, si pellere Teucros apparat, his mecum decuit concurrere telis: vixet cui vitam deus aut sua dextra dedisset", + "en": "If he seeks to end the war by force, if he seeks to drive out the Trojans, he should have fought against me with these weapons: the one of us would have lived to whom heaven or his own right hand had granted life." + }, + { + "id": 16895, + "la": "nunc ite et miseris supponite civibus ignem. dixerat Aeneas", + "en": "Now go, and kindle the fire beneath your hapless countrymen. Aeneas ceased;" + }, + { + "id": 16896, + "la": "illi obstipuere silentes conversique oculos inter se atque ora tenebant", + "en": "they stood dumb in silence, and kept their eyes and faces turned on one another." + }, + { + "id": 16897, + "la": "Tum senior semperque odiis et crimine Drances infensus iuveni Turno sic ore vicissim orsa refert: o fama ingens, ingentior armis, vir Troiane, quibus caelo te laudibus aequem? iustitiaene prius mirer belline laborum? nos vero haec patriam grati referemus ad urbem et te, si qua viam dederit Fortuna, Latino iungemus regi", + "en": "Then aged Drances, who always pursued youthful Turnus with hate and calumny, thus speaks in reply: Hero of Troy, great in glory, greater in arms, how may I extol you to the sky with my praises? Am I to marvel first at your justice or at your toils in war? We indeed will gratefully bear these words back to our native city and, if fortune grants a way, will unite you with Latinus our king." + }, + { + "id": 16898, + "la": "quaerat sibi foedera Turnus", + "en": "Let Turnus seek alliances for himself!" + }, + { + "id": 16899, + "la": "quin et fatalis murorum attollere moles saxaque subvectare umeris Troiana iuvabit.", + "en": "It will rather be our delight to rear those massive walls which your destiny ordains, and to bear on our shoulders the stones of Troy." + }, + { + "id": 16900, + "la": "dixerat haec unoque omnes eadem ore fremebant", + "en": "He had spoken, and all with one voice murmured assent." + }, + { + "id": 16901, + "la": "bis senos pepigere dies, et pace sequestra per silvas Teucri mixtique impune Latini erravere iugis", + "en": "For twice six days they made truce, and, with peace interposing, Teucrians and Latins roamed unharmed over the forest heights together." + }, + { + "id": 16902, + "la": "ferro sonat alta bipenni fraxinus, evertunt actas ad sidera pinus, robora nec cuneis et olentem scindere cedrum nec plaustris cessant vectare gementibus ornos", + "en": "The lofty ash rings under the two-edged axe; they lay low star-towering pines, and ceaselessly their wedges cleave oak and fragrant cedar, and groaning wagons convey the mountain ash." + }, + { + "id": 16903, + "la": "Et iam Fama volans, tanti praenuntia luctus, Euandrum Euandrique domos et moenia replet, quae modo victorem Latio Pallanta ferebat", + "en": "And now Rumour in her flight, heralding this piercing woe, fills Evanders ears, his palace and his city'Rumour that but now was proclaiming the triumph of Pallas to the dwellers in Latium." + }, + { + "id": 16904, + "la": "Arcades ad portas ruere et de more vetusto funereas rapuere faces; lucet via longo ordine flammarum et late discriminat agros", + "en": "The Arcadians hurry to the gates, having after ancient custom snatched up torches for the funeral. The road gleams with a long procession of flames, which stretches like a broad boundary line across the fields." + }, + { + "id": 16905, + "la": "contra turba Phrygum veniens plangentia iungit agmina", + "en": "Meeting them, the Trojan column unites with theirs its company of mourners." + }, + { + "id": 16906, + "la": "quae postquam matres succedere tectis viderunt, maestam incendunt clamoribus urbem", + "en": "When the women saw them approach their homes, their shrieks set the city ablaze with grief." + }, + { + "id": 16907, + "la": "at non Euandrum potis est vis ulla tenere, sed venit in medios", + "en": "But no restraint can hold Evander back: he rushes into their midst and," + }, + { + "id": 16908, + "la": "feretro Pallanta reposto procubuit super atque haeret lacrimansque gemensque, et via vix tandem voci laxata dolore est: non haec, o Palla, dederas promissa parenti, cautius ut saevo velles te credere Marti", + "en": "as soon as the bier is set down, flings himself on Pallas, clinging to him amid tears and groans, till scarce at last does choking grief allow a path for speech: Not this, my Pallas, was the promise you gave your father, that you would with caution entrust yourself to the savage god of war." + }, + { + "id": 16909, + "la": "haud ignarus eram quantum nova gloria in armis et praedulce decus primo certamine posset", + "en": "Well did I know the spell upon the young of glory in arms and how passing sweet is honour won in the maiden fight." + }, + { + "id": 16910, + "la": "primitiae iuvenis miserae bellique propinqui dura rudimenta, et nulli exaudita deorum vota precesque meae! tuque, o sanctissima coniunx, felix morte tua neque in hunc servata dolorem! contra ego vivendo vici mea fata, superstes restarem ut genitor", + "en": "Alas for the bitter first fruits of your youth and your harsh schooling in a war so close to home! Alas for my prayers and entreaties, to which no god gave ear! And you, Queen of blessed memory, happy were you in the death that saved you from this sorrow! I on the other hand by living on have outpassed my destiny, a father left to survive his son." + }, + { + "id": 16911, + "la": "Troum socia arma secutum obruerent Rutuli telis! animam ipse dedissem atque haec pompa domum me, non Pallanta, referret!", + "en": "Would that I had marched with the allied standards of Troy and had fallen beneath the enemys fire! Would that I had given up my own life, and this cortege were bringing me, not Pallas, home!" + }, + { + "id": 16912, + "la": "nec vos arguerim, Teucri, nec foedera nec quas iunximus hospitio dextras: sors ista senectae debita erat nostrae", + "en": "Yet I would not blame you, Trojans, nor our covenant, nor the hands we clasped in friendship: this fate was owed to my gray hairs." + }, + { + "id": 16913, + "la": "quod si immatura manebat mors gnatum, caesis Volscorum milibus ante ducentem in Latium Teucros cecidisse iuvabit", + "en": "But if untimely death awaited my son, it will be my joy that, after slaying Volscian thousands, he fell leading the Trojans into Latium!" + }, + { + "id": 16914, + "la": "quin ego non alio digner te funere, Palla, quam pius Aeneas et quam magni Phryges et quam Tyrrhenique duces, Tyrrhenum exercitus omnis", + "en": "Indeed, Pallas, I could think you worthy of no other death than loyal Aeneas does, than the mighty Phrygians, than the Tyrrhene captains, and all the Tyrrhenian host." + }, + { + "id": 16915, + "la": "magna tropaea ferunt quos dat tua dextera leto; tu quoque nunc stares immanis truncus in armis, esset par aetas et idem si robur ab annis, Turne", + "en": "Great are the trophies those men bring, to whom your hand deals death; 6 you, too, Turnus, would now be standing, a monstrous trunk arrayed in arms, had your age and strength of years been like his!" + }, + { + "id": 16916, + "la": "sed infelix Teucros quid demoror armis? vadite et haec memores regi mandata referte: quod vitam moror invisam Pallante perempto, dextera causa tua est, Turnum gnatoque patrique quam debere vides", + "en": "But why do I, poor wretch, stay the Teucrians from conflict? Go, and forget not to bear this message to your king: if I drag on a life that is hateful now that Pallas is slain, the reason is your right hand, which you know owes Turnus to son and to father." + }, + { + "id": 16917, + "la": "meritis vacat hic tibi solus fortunaeque locus", + "en": "That field alone is open for your merits and your fortune." + }, + { + "id": 16918, + "la": "non vitae gaudia quaero (nec fas), sed gnato manis perferre sub imos.", + "en": "I ask not for joy in life'that cannot be'but to bear the word to my son in the shades below." + }, + { + "id": 16919, + "la": "Aurora interea miseris mortalibus almam extulerat lucem, referens opera atque labores: iam pater Aeneas, iam curvo in litore Tarchon constituere pyras", + "en": "Meanwhile Dawn had lifted up her kindly light for weary men, recalling them to task and toil. Now father Aeneas, now Tarchon, had set up pyres on the winding shore." + }, + { + "id": 16920, + "la": "huc corpora quisque suorum more tulere patrum, subiectisque ignibus atris conditur in tenebras altum caligine caelum", + "en": "Here, after the fashion of their fathers, they each brought the bodies of their kin, and as the murky fires are lit beneath, high heaven is veiled in the gloom of darkness." + }, + { + "id": 16921, + "la": "ter circum accensos cincti fulgentibus armis decurrere rogos, ter maestum funeris ignem lustravere in equis ululatusque ore dedere", + "en": "Thrice, girt in glittering armour, they ran their course round the blazing piles; thrice on horseback they circled the mournful funeral-fire and uttered the cries of wailing." + }, + { + "id": 16922, + "la": "spargitur et tellus lacrimis, sparguntur et arma, it caelo clamorque virum clangorque tubarum", + "en": "Tears stream on earth, and stream on armour; cries of men and blare of trumpets mount to heaven." + }, + { + "id": 16923, + "la": "hic alii spolia occisis derepta Latinis coniciunt igni, galeas ensisque decoros frenaque ferventisque rotas; pars munera nota, ipsorum clipeos et non felicia tela", + "en": "And now some fling on the fire spoils stripped from slain Latins, helmets and handsome swords, bridles and scorching wheels; others, offerings familiar to the dead'their own shields and luckless weapons." + }, + { + "id": 16924, + "la": "multa boum circa mactantur corpora Morti, saetigerosque sues raptasque ex omnibus agris in flammam iugulant pecudes", + "en": "Around, many cattle are sacrificed to Death; bristly swine and animals seized from all the country are slaughtered over the flames." + }, + { + "id": 16925, + "la": "tum litore toto ardentis spectant socios semustaque servant busta, neque avelli possunt, nox umida donec invertit caelum stellis ardentibus aptum", + "en": "Then, all along the shore, they watch their comrades burning, and keepguard above the charred pyres, and they cannot tear themselves away till dewy night rolls round the heaven, inset with gleaming stars." + }, + { + "id": 16926, + "la": "Nec minus et miseri diversa in parte Latini innumeras struxere pyras, et corpora partim multa virum terrae infodiunt, avectaque partim finitimos tollunt in agros urbique remittunt", + "en": "No less, elsewhere, do the hapless Latins build pyres innumerable. Of their many dead, some they bury in the earth, some they lift up and carry to the neighbouring fields or send home to the city;" + }, + { + "id": 16927, + "la": "cetera confusaeque ingentem caedis acervum nec numero nec honore cremant; tunc undique vasti certatim crebris conlucent ignibus agri", + "en": "the rest, a mighty mass of indistinguishable slaughter, they burn uncounted and unhonoured: then on all sides the broad fields compete with their clusters of fire." + }, + { + "id": 16928, + "la": "tertia lux gelidam caelo dimoverat umbram: maerentes altum cinerem et confusa ruebant ossa focis tepidoque onerabant aggere terrae", + "en": "The third dawn had withdrawn chill darkness from the sky; mournfully they stirred from the pyres the bones mingled with thick ash, and heaped above them a warm mound of earth." + }, + { + "id": 16929, + "la": "iam vero in tectis, praedivitis urbe Latini, praecipuus fragor et longi pars maxima luctus", + "en": "But inside the walls, in the city of rich Latinus, is the chief uproar and most of the prolonged wailing." + }, + { + "id": 16930, + "la": "hic matres miseraeque nurus, hic cara sororum pectora maerentum puerique parentibus orbi dirum exsecrantur bellum Turnique hymenaeos; ipsum armis ipsumque iubent decernere ferro, qui regnum Italiae et primos sibi poscat honores", + "en": "Here mothers and their sons unhappy brides, here the loving hearts of sorrowing sisters, and boys bereft of their fathers, curse the dreadful war and Turnus marriage: He, he himself, they cry, should decide the issue by arms and the sword, he who claims for himself the realm of Italy and foremost honours." + }, + { + "id": 16931, + "la": "ingravat haec saevus Drances solumque vocari testatur, solum posci in certamina Turnum", + "en": "Fierce Drances weights the scale, and bears witness that Turnus alone is called, alone is summoned to battle." + }, + { + "id": 16932, + "la": "multa simul contra variis sententia dictis pro Turno, et magnum reginae nomen obumbrat, multa virum meritis sustentat fama tropaeis", + "en": "At the same time, opposed to them, many an opinion in varied phrase speaks for Turnus; the queens great name is his shelter, and many a tale with well-won trophies supports the hero." + }, + { + "id": 16933, + "la": "Hos inter motus, medio in flagrante tumultu, ecce super maesti magna Diomedis ab urbe legati responsa ferunt: nihil omnibus actum tantorum impensis operum, nil dona neque aurum nec magnas valuisse preces, alia arma Latinis quaerenda, aut pacem Troiano ab rege petendum", + "en": "Amid this stir, at the fiery turmoils height, lo! to crown everything, gloomy envoys bring the answer from Dio-medes great city: nothing has been gained at cost of so much toil; nothing have their gifts of gold or strong prayers achieved: Latium must seek other arms or sue for peace to the Trojan king." + }, + { + "id": 16934, + "la": "deficit ingenti luctu rex ipse Latinus: fatalem Aenean manifesto numine ferri admonet ira deum tumulique ante ora recentes", + "en": "Beneath his weight of grief even king Latinus sinks. That Aeneas is called by fate, guided by heavens clear will, is the warning given by angry gods and the fresh graves before his eyes." + }, + { + "id": 16935, + "la": "ergo concilium magnum primosque suorum imperio accitos alta intra limina cogit", + "en": "Therefore his high council, the foremost of his people, he summons by royal command and convenes within his lofty portals." + }, + { + "id": 16936, + "la": "olli convenere fluuntque ad regia plenis tecta viis", + "en": "They assembled, streaming to the kings palace through the crowded streets." + }, + { + "id": 16937, + "la": "sedet in mediis et maximus aevo et primus sceptris haud laeta fronte Latinus atque hic legatos Aetola ex urbe remissos quae referant fari iubet, et responsa reposcit ordine cuncta suo", + "en": "In their midst, oldest in years and first in regal state, with little joy upon his brow, sits Latinus, and now bids the envoys, returned from the Aetolian city, tell what tidings they bring back, and demands full answers, each in turn." + }, + { + "id": 16938, + "la": "tum facta silentia linguis, et Venulus dicto parens ita farier infit: Vidimus, o cives, Diomedem Argivaque castra, atque iter emensi casus superavimus omnis, contigimusque manum qua concidit Ilia tellus", + "en": "Then silence fell on all tongues and, obedient to his word, Venulus thus begins: Citizens, we have seen Diomedes and his Argive camp; we have achieved our journey, overcome all perils, and grasped the hand by which the land of Ilium fell." + }, + { + "id": 16939, + "la": "ille urbem Argyripam patriae cognomine gentis victor Gargani condebat Iapygis agris", + "en": "He was founding his city of Argyripa, named after his fathers race, in the conquered fields of Iapygian Garganus." + }, + { + "id": 16940, + "la": "postquam introgressi et coram data copia fandi, munera praeferimus, nomen patriamque docemus, qui bellum intulerint, quae causa attraxerit Arpos", + "en": "When we entered, and liberty was given to speak before him, we proffer our gifts, and declare our name and country, who are its invaders, and what cause has led us to Arpi." + }, + { + "id": 16941, + "la": "auditis ille haec placido sic reddidit ore: O fortunatae gentes, Saturnia regna, antiqui Ausonii, quae vos fortuna quietos sollicitat suadetque ignota lacessere bella? quicumque Iliacos ferro violavimus agros (mitto ea quae muris bellando exhausta sub altis, quos Simois premat ille viros) infanda per orbem supplicia et scelerum poenas expendimus omnes, vel Priamo miseranda manus; scit triste Minervae sidus et Euboicae cautes ultorque Caphereus", + "en": "He heard and thus replied with unruffled mien:O happy peoples of Saturns realm, sons of old Ausonia, what chance vexes your calm and lures you to provoke unknown warfare? All we who with steel profaned the fields of Troy'I do not mention the sorrows we suffered in war beneath her high walls, the heroes drowned in the Simois'the wide world over, we have paid in nameless tortures all manner of penalties for our guilt, a band that even Priam might pity: witness Minervas baleful star, the Euboic cliffs, and avenging Caphereus." + }, + { + "id": 16942, + "la": "militia ex illa diversum ad litus abacti Atrides Protei Menelaus adusque columnas exsulat, Aetnaeos vidit Cyclopas Ulixes", + "en": "From that warfare driven to diverse shores, Menelaus, son of Atreus, is in exile so far away as the pillars of Proteus; and Ulysses has looked on the Cylopes of Aetna." + }, + { + "id": 16943, + "la": "ipse Mycenaeus magnorum ductor Achivum coniugis infandae prima inter limina dextra oppetiit, devictam Asiam subsedit adulter", + "en": "Even the Mycenaean, the chief of the mighty Achaeans, scarce over the threshold, fell by his wicked wifes hand; after his conquest of Asia an adulterer lay in wait." + }, + { + "id": 16944, + "la": "regna Neoptolemi referam versosque penatis Idomenei? Libycone habitantis litore Locros? invidisse deos, patriis ut redditus aris coniugium optatum et pulchram Calydona viderem? nunc etiam horribili visu portenta sequuntur et socii amissi petierunt aethera pennis fluminibusque vagantur aves (heu, dira meorum supplicia!) et scopulos lacrimosis vocibus implent", + "en": "Need I tell of the realm of Neoptolemus and the home of Idomeneus overthrown, or of the Locrians who dwell on Libyas shore? To think that the gods begrudged me return to my countrys altars, and sight of the wife I long for, and lovely Calydon! Even now portents of dreadful view pursue me; my lost comrades have winged their way to the sky or haunt the streams as birds'alas, the dire punishment of my people!'and fill the cliffs with their tearful cries." + }, + { + "id": 16945, + "la": "haec adeo ex illo mihi iam speranda fuerunt tempore cum ferro caelestia corpora demens appetii et Veneris violavi vulnere dextram", + "en": "This was the fate I had to expect from that moment when I insanely assailed celestial limbs with the sword, and profaned the hand of Venus with a wound." + }, + { + "id": 16946, + "la": "ne vero, ne me ad talis impellite pugnas", + "en": "Do not, do not urge me to such battles!" + }, + { + "id": 16947, + "la": "nec mihi cum Teucris ullum post eruta bellum Pergama nec veterum memini laetorve malorum", + "en": "I have no war with Teucers race since Troys towers fell, and I have no joyful memory of those ancient ills." + }, + { + "id": 16948, + "la": "munera quae patriis ad me portatis ab oris vertite ad Aenean", + "en": "The gifts that you bring me from your country, take them rather to Aeneas." + }, + { + "id": 16949, + "la": "stetimus tela aspera contra contulimusque manus: experto credite quantus in clipeum adsurgat, quo turbine torqueat hastam", + "en": "We have faced his fierce weapons, and fought him hand to hand: trust one who has experienced it, how huge he looms above his shield, with what whirlwind he hurls his spear!" + }, + { + "id": 16950, + "la": "si duo praeterea talis Idaea tulisset terra viros, ultro Inachias venisset ad urbes Dardanus, et versis lugeret Graecia fatis", + "en": "Had Idas land borne two others like him, the Trojans would even have stormed the towns of Inachus, and Greece would be mourning, with fate reversed." + }, + { + "id": 16951, + "la": "quidquid apud durae cessatum est moenia Troiae, Hectoris Aeneaeque manu victoria Graium haesit et in decimum vestigia rettulit annum", + "en": "In all the time we spent before the walls of stubborn Troy, it was by the hand of Hector and Aeneas that the Greeks victory was delayed and driven back till the tenth year." + }, + { + "id": 16952, + "la": "ambo animis, ambo insignes praestantibus armis, hic pietate prior", + "en": "Both were renowned for courage, both eminent in arms; Aeneas was first in loyalty." + }, + { + "id": 16953, + "la": "coeant in foedera dextrae, qua datur; ast armis concurrant arma cavete.", + "en": "Join hand to hand in treaty, as best you may; but beware your swords clash not with his!" + }, + { + "id": 16954, + "la": "et responsa simul quae sint, rex optime, regis audisti et quae sit magno sententia bello.", + "en": "You have heard, noble King, what the King replies, and what he counsels on this mighty war." + }, + { + "id": 16955, + "la": "Vix ea legati, variusque per ora cucurrit Ausonidum turbata fremor, ceu saxa morantur cum rapidos amnis, fit clauso gurgite murmur vicinaeque fremunt ripae crepitantibus undis", + "en": "Scarcely had the envoys spoken thus when a various murmur ran along the troubled lips of Ausonias sons: just as, when rocks delay a rushing river, there rises a roar from the pent-up flood, and the neighbouring banks echo to the plashing waters." + }, + { + "id": 16956, + "la": "ut primum placati animi et trepida ora quierunt, praefatus divos solio rex infit ab alto: Ante equidem summa de re statuisse, Latini, et vellem et fuerat melius, non tempore tali cogere concilium, cum muros adsidet hostis", + "en": "As soon as minds were calmed and restless tongues were hushed, the king, first calling on heaven, from his high throne begins: I wish that we had decided before now, Latins, about this supreme matter; it would have been better not to convene a council at such an hour, when the foe is seated at our walls." + }, + { + "id": 16957, + "la": "bellum importunum, cives, cum gente deorum invictisque viris gerimus, quos nulla fatigant proelia nec victi possunt absistere ferro", + "en": "My countrymen, we are waging an ill-omened war with a race divine, with men unconquered; no battles weary them and even in defeat they cannot let go the sword." + }, + { + "id": 16958, + "la": "spem si quam ascitis Aetolum habuistis in armis, ponite", + "en": "If you had any hope in alliance with Aetolian arms, resign it." + }, + { + "id": 16959, + "la": "spes sibi quisque; sed haec quam angusta videtis", + "en": "Each is his own hope; but you see how slender this is." + }, + { + "id": 16960, + "la": "cetera qua rerum iaceant perculsa ruina, ante oculos interque manus sunt omnia vestras", + "en": "As for the rest of your fortunes, it is before your eyes, and all is in your grasp, in what wide ruin they lie smitten." + }, + { + "id": 16961, + "la": "nec quemquam incuso: potuit quae plurima virtus esse, fuit; toto certatum est corpore regni", + "en": "I do not blame anyone; what valours utmost could do is done; we have striven with our realms whole strength." + }, + { + "id": 16962, + "la": "nunc adeo quae sit dubiae sententia menti, expediam et paucis (animos adhibete) docebo", + "en": "Now mark: the judgment of my wavering mind I will unfold and, if you pay heed, will instruct you in brief." + }, + { + "id": 16963, + "la": "est antiquus ager Tusco mihi proximus amni, longus in occasum, finis super usque Sicanos; Aurunci Rutulique serunt, et vomere duros exercent collis atque horum asperrima pascunt", + "en": "There is an ancient domain of mine bordering the Tuscan river, stretching far westward, even beyond Sicanian bounds. Auruncans and Rutulians sow the seed, work the stubborn hills with the plough and graze their roughest slopes." + }, + { + "id": 16964, + "la": "haec omnis regio et celsi plaga pinea montis cedat amicitiae Teucrorum, et foederis aequas dicamus leges sociosque in regna vocemus: considant, si tantus amor, et moenia condant", + "en": "Let all this tract, with a pine-clad belt of mountain height, pass to the Trojans in friendship; let us name just terms of treaty, and invite them to share our realm. Let them settle, if their desire is so strong, and build their city." + }, + { + "id": 16965, + "la": "sin alios finis aliamque capessere gentem est animus possuntque solo decedere nostro, bis denas Italo texamus robore navis; seu pluris complere valent, iacet omnis ad undam materies: ipsi numerumque modumque carinis praecipiant, nos aera, manus, navalia demus", + "en": "But if they have a mind to lay hold of other territories and another nation, and can leave our soil, let us build twice ten ships of Italian oak; or, if they can man more, all the timber lies at the waters edge; let them prescribe the number and design of their vessels themselves; let us contribute bronze, labour, and docks." + }, + { + "id": 16966, + "la": "praeterea, qui dicta ferant et foedera firment centum oratores prima de gente Latinos ire placet pacisque manu praetendere ramos, munera portantis aurique eborisque talenta et sellam regni trabeamque insignia nostri", + "en": "Further, to bring the news and seal the pact, I would have a hundred envoys go forth, Latins of noblest birth, holding boughs of peace in their hands, and carrying gifts'talent-weights of gold and ivory, and a throne and robe, signs of our royalty." + }, + { + "id": 16967, + "la": "consulite in medium et rebus succurrite fessis.", + "en": "Take counsel together and restore our weary fortunes!" + }, + { + "id": 16968, + "la": "Tum Drances idem infensus, quem gloria Turni obliqua invidia stimulisque agitabat amaris, largus opum et lingua melior, sed frigida bello dextera, consiliis habitus non futtilis auctor, seditione potens (genus huic materna superbum nobilitas dabat, incertum de patre ferebat), surgit et his onerat dictis atque aggerat iras: Rem nulli obscuram nostrae nec vocis egentem consulis, o bone rex: cuncti se scire fatentur quid fortuna ferat populi, sed dicere mussant", + "en": "Then Drances, hostile as before, whom the renown of Turnus goaded with the bitter stings of furtive envy, lavish of wealth and valiant of tongue, though his hand was cold in battle, in counsel deemed no mean adviser, in faction strong (his mothers high birth ennobled his lineage; from his father he drew obscure rank), rises and with these words loads and heaps high their wrath: A subject dark to no one and needing no voice of ours, gracious king, you consult us on. All admit that they know what course the public fortune prompts, but they shrink from speech." + }, + { + "id": 16969, + "la": "det libertatem fandi flatusque remittat, cuius ob auspicium infaustum moresque sinistros (dicam equidem, licet arma mihi mortemque minetur) lumina tot cecidisse ducum totamque videmus consedisse urbem luctu, dum Troa temptat castra fugae fidens et caelum territat armis", + "en": "Let that man grant liberty of speech and abate his blustering pride, through whose ill-starred leadership and perverse ways (yes, I will speak, though he threaten me with arms and death) we see so many glorious leaders have fallen and the whole city is sunk in mourning, while he, confident in his ability to flee, assails the Trojan camp and frightens heaven with his weapons." + }, + { + "id": 16970, + "la": "unum etiam donis istis, quae plurima mitti Dardanidis dicique iubes, unum, optime regum, adicias, nec te ullius violentia vincat quin natam egregio genero dignisque hymenaeis des pater, et pacem hanc aeterno foedere iungas", + "en": "Add one more to those many gifts you bid us send and promise to the sons of Dardanus'one more, most gracious king'and let no mans violence prevail to stop you from giving your daughter, as a father may, to a peerless son in a worthy marriage, and making this bond of peace in eternal covenant." + }, + { + "id": 16971, + "la": "quod si tantus habet mentes et pectora terror, ipsum obtestemur veniamque oremus ab ipso: cedat, ius proprium regi patriaeque remittat", + "en": "But if such terror possesses our minds and hearts, let us entreat the prince himself and implore him, of his grace, to yield, and give up his own rights to king and country." + }, + { + "id": 16972, + "la": "quid miseros totiens in aperta pericula civis proicis, o Latio caput horum et causa malorum? nulla salus bello, pacem te poscimus omnes, Turne, simul pacis solum inviolabile pignus", + "en": "You who are the source and cause of these woes of Latium, why do you so often hurl your unhappy countrymen into open danger? There is no safety in war; for peace we ask you, Turnus, one and all, together with the one inviolable pledge of peace." + }, + { + "id": 16973, + "la": "primus ego, invisum quem tu tibi fingis (et esse nil moror), en supplex venio", + "en": "I first, I whom you imagine to be your foe'but that I ignore'see, I come in suppliance!" + }, + { + "id": 16974, + "la": "miserere tuorum, pone animos et pulsus abi", + "en": "Pity your own people; put away your pride; and, beaten as you are, give way!" + }, + { + "id": 16975, + "la": "sat funera fusi vidimus ingentis et desolavimus agros", + "en": "Routed, we have seen enough of death and have made wide lands desolate." + }, + { + "id": 16976, + "la": "aut, si fama movet, si tantum pectore robur concipis et si adeo dotalis regia cordi est, aude atque adversum fidens fer pectus in hostem", + "en": "Or, if glory moves you, if you feel such strength in your heart, or if the dowry of a palace is so dear to you, be bold, and fearlessly advance to meet the foe." + }, + { + "id": 16977, + "la": "scilicet ut Turno contingat regia coniunx, nos animae viles, inhumata infletaque turba, sternamur campis? etiam tu, si qua tibi vis, si patrii quid Martis habes, illum aspice contra qui vocat.", + "en": "Oh yes, to be sure, so that Turnus can gain his royal bride, let us, whose lives are worthless, be strewn over the fields, a mob unburied and unwept. But you too, if you have any strength, if you have any of the fighting spirit of your fathers, look your challenger in the face!" + }, + { + "id": 16978, + "la": "Talibus exarsit dictis violentia Turni", + "en": "At these words the fury of Turnus blazed out:" + }, + { + "id": 16979, + "la": "dat gemitum rumpitque has imo pectore voces: larga quidem semper, Drance, tibi copia fandi tum cum bella manus poscunt, patribusque vocatis primus ades", + "en": "he heaves a groan, and from the depth of his heart breaks forth with this cry: Drances, you always have a full flow of speech at the time when battle calls for hands; and when the senate is summoned, you are first to appear!" + }, + { + "id": 16980, + "la": "sed non replenda est curia verbis, quae tuto tibi magna volant, dum distinet hostem agger murorum nec inundant sanguine fossae", + "en": "But we need not fill the council house with words'those big words that fly from your lips when you are safe, while the rampart walls keep off the foe, and the trenches are not yet swimming with blood." + }, + { + "id": 16981, + "la": "proinde tona eloquio (solitum tibi) meque timoris argue tu, Drance, quando tot stragis acervos Teucrorum tua dextra dedit, passimque tropaeis insignis agros", + "en": "Keep thundering on in eloquence (in your usual way) and charge me with cowardice, Drances, when your hand has produced such mounds of dead Teucrians and marked out the fields everywhere with trophies." + }, + { + "id": 16982, + "la": "possit quid vivida virtus experiare licet, nec longe scilicet hostes quaerendi nobis; circumstant undique muros", + "en": "You are free to test what lively courage can do; and, as you see, we need not look far afield for enemies: they surround the walls on every side." + }, + { + "id": 16983, + "la": "imus in adversos'quid cessas? an tibi Mavors ventosa in lingua pedibusque fugacibus istis semper erit?", + "en": "Are we going to advance against the foe? Why do you hesitate? Will your spirit of war always remain in your windy tongue and those runaway feet of yours?" + }, + { + "id": 16984, + "la": "pulsus ego? aut quisquam merito, foedissime, pulsum arguet, Iliaco tumidum qui crescere Thybrim sanguine et Euandri totam cum stirpe videbit procubuisse domum atque exutos Arcadas armis? haud ita me experti Bitias et Pandarus ingens et quos mille die victor sub Tartara misi, inclusus muris hostilique aggere saeptus", + "en": "I beaten, you say? Rather, you foul liar, will anyone rightly claim that I am beaten when he sees the Tiber swollen with Trojan blood, and all Evanders house and line laid prostrate, and his Arcadians stripped of arms? Not such did Bitias and giant Pandarus find me, and the thousand men whom in one day my conquering arm sent down to hell, cooped though I was within their walls and girt by foemens ramparts." + }, + { + "id": 16985, + "la": "nulla salus bello? capiti cane talia, demens, Dardanio rebusque tuis", + "en": "There is no safety in war, you say. Chant such bodings, fool, for the Dardans life and your own property!" + }, + { + "id": 16986, + "la": "proinde omnia magno ne cessa turbare metu atque extollere viris gentis bis victae, contra premere arma Latini", + "en": "Go on, do not cease to disturb all with your great alarms, extol the might of a twice-conquered people, while you decry the arms of Latinus." + }, + { + "id": 16987, + "la": "nunc et Myrmidonum proceres Phrygia arma tremescunt, nuncet Tydides et Larisaeus Achilles, amnis et Hadriacas retro fugit Aufidus undas", + "en": "Now the Myrmidon princes tremble before Phrygian arms, now Tydeus son and Achilles of Larissa, and Aufidus stream recoils from the Adriatic wave." + }, + { + "id": 16988, + "la": "vel cum se pavidum contra mea iurgia fingit, artificis scelus, et formidine crimen acerbat", + "en": "Or what about when he pretends to fear my chiding'the knavish villain'and sharpens his charge against me with pretended terror!" + }, + { + "id": 16989, + "la": "numquam animam talem dextra hac (absiste moveri) amittes: habitet tecum et sit pectore in isto", + "en": "Never will you lose a life like yours'do not be anxious!'by this right hand: let it stay with you and abide in your craven breast!" + }, + { + "id": 16990, + "la": "Nunc ad te et tua magna, pater, consulta revertor", + "en": "Now, father, I return to you and this weighty debate of yours." + }, + { + "id": 16991, + "la": "si nullam nostris ultra spem ponis in armis, si tam deserti sumus et semel agmine verso funditus occidimus neque habet Fortuna regressum, oremus pacem et dextras tendamus inertis", + "en": "If you put no further hope in our arms, if we are so forlorn and in one repulse of our forces have fallen on utter ruin, and Fortune cannot retrace her steps, let us pray for peace and stretch forth helpless hands!" + }, + { + "id": 16992, + "la": "quamquam o si solitae quicquam virtutis adesset! ille mihi ante alios fortunatusque laborum egregiusque animi, qui, ne quid tale videret, procubuit moriens et humum semel ore momordit", + "en": "But if only we had any of our wonted valour! Blest beyond others in his toil and peerless in soul would I hold the man who, to avoid such a sight, has fallen in death and once for all has bitten the dust." + }, + { + "id": 16993, + "la": "sin et opes nobis et adhuc intacta iuventus auxilioque urbes Italae populique supersunt, sin et Troianis cum multo gloria venit sanguine (sunt illis sua funera, parque per omnis tempestas), cur indecores in limine primo deficimus?", + "en": "But if we still have means and a manhood still unharmed, and the cities and nations of Italy still support us, if the Trojans too have won glory at the cost of much bloodshed (they too have their deaths, and the storm swept over all alike), why do we lose heart so shamefully at the very start?" + }, + { + "id": 16994, + "la": "cur ante tubam tremor occupat artus? multa dies variique labor mutabilis aevi rettulit in melius, multos alterna revisens lusit et in solido rursus Fortuna locavit", + "en": "Why does trembling seize our limbs before the trumpet sounds? Many an ill has been repaired by time and the shifting toil of changing years; many a man Fortune, fitful visitant, has mocked, then once more set up upon firm ground." + }, + { + "id": 16995, + "la": "non erit auxilio nobis Aetolus et Arpi: at Messapus erit felixque Tolumnius et quos tot populi misere duces, nec parva sequetur gloria delectos Latio et Laurentibus agris", + "en": "The Aetolian and his Arpi will be no helpto us: but Messapus will be, and Tolumnius the fortunate, and all the leaders sent by many a nation; no scant fame will come to the flower of Latium and the Laurentine land." + }, + { + "id": 16996, + "la": "est et Volscorum egregia de gente Camilla agmen agens equitum et florentis aere catervas", + "en": "We have Camilla too, of the glorious Volscian race, leading her troop of horse and squadrons bright with bronze." + }, + { + "id": 16997, + "la": "quod si me solum Teucri in certamina poscunt idque placet tantumque bonis communibus obsto, non adeo has exosa manus Victoria fugit ut tanta quicquam pro spe temptare recusem", + "en": "But if I alone am called by the Teucrians to combat, and such is your will, and I am so great an obstruction of the common good, Victory has not fled from these hands of mine with such loathing that I refuse to dare anything for a hope so high." + }, + { + "id": 16998, + "la": "ibo animis contra, vel magnum praest et Achillem factaque Volcani manibus paria induat arma ille licet", + "en": "I will face him boldly, though he outmatch great Achilles and wear armour to match, wrought by Vulcans hands." + }, + { + "id": 16999, + "la": "vobis animam hanc soceroque Latino Turnus ego, haud ulli veterum virtute secundus, devovi", + "en": "To you and my brides father Latinus I, Turnus, second in valour to none of my fathers, dedicate my life." + }, + { + "id": 17000, + "la": "solum Aeneas vocat? et vocet oro; nec Drances potius, sive est haec ira deorum, morte luat, sive est virtus et gloria, tollat.", + "en": "Aeneas alone challenges me, you say. I pray that he does challenge me, and that it is not Drances rather than I who appeases the gods by his death, if they are angry, or wins glory for his courage, if that is the prize here." + }, + { + "id": 17001, + "la": "Illi haec inter se dubiis de rebus agebant certantes: castra Aeneas aciemque movebat", + "en": "Thus, in mutual strife they were debating doubtful issues: Aeneas meanwhile moved from camp to field." + }, + { + "id": 17002, + "la": "nuntius ingenti per regia tecta tumultu ecce ruit magnisque urbem terroribus implet: instructos acie Tiberino a flumine Teucros Tyrrhenamque manum totis descendere campis", + "en": "Amid wild uproar, lo, a messenger rushes through the royal halls and fills the city with great alarms: in battle array, he cries, the Teucrians and the Tyrrhene force are sweeping down from the Tiber river over all the plain." + }, + { + "id": 17003, + "la": "extemplo turbati animi concussaque vulgi pectora et arrectae stimulis haud mollibus irae", + "en": "At once the minds of the people are confounded, their hearts shaken, and their passions roused by ungentle spurs." + }, + { + "id": 17004, + "la": "arma manu trepidi poscunt, fremit arma iuventus, flent maesti mussantque patres", + "en": "Brandishing their fists they call for weapons; Weapons! the young men shout; their unhappy fathers weep and moan." + }, + { + "id": 17005, + "la": "hic undique clamor dissensu vario magnus se tollit in auras, haud secus atque alto in luco cum forte catervae consedere avium, piscosove amne Padusae dant sonitum rauci per stagna loquacia cycni", + "en": "And now, from every side, there rises to heaven a loud din with varied discord just as when flocks of birds settle by chance in some tall grove, or when, by Padusas fish-filled stream, hoarse-throated swans call among the clamorous pools." + }, + { + "id": 17006, + "la": "immo, ait o cives, arrepto tempore Turnus, cogite concilium et pacem laudate sedentes; illi armis in regna ruunt.", + "en": "Very well, then, my fellow citizens, cries Turnus, seizing the moment, convene a council and sit there praising peace; our enemies are attacking our realm under arms." + }, + { + "id": 17007, + "la": "nec plura locutus corripuit sese et tectis citus extulit altis", + "en": "He said no more, but sprang up and sped swiftly forth from the high halls." + }, + { + "id": 17008, + "la": "tu, Voluse, armari Volscorum edice maniplis, duc ait et Rutulos", + "en": "Volusus, he cries, bid the Volscian squadrons arm, and lead out the Rutulians!" + }, + { + "id": 17009, + "la": "equitem Messapus in armis, et cum fratre Coras latis diffundite campis", + "en": "You, Messapus, and you, Coras, with your brother deploy the cavalry under arms over the broad plains." + }, + { + "id": 17010, + "la": "pars aditus urbis firment turrisque capessant; cetera, qua iusso, mecum manus inferat arma.", + "en": "Let some guard the city gates and man the towers; let the rest charge with me, where I shall command." + }, + { + "id": 17011, + "la": "Ilicet in muros tota discurritur urbe", + "en": "At once from all over the city there is a rush to the walls." + }, + { + "id": 17012, + "la": "concilium ipse pater et magna incepta Latinus deserit ac tristi turbatus tempore differt, multaque se incusat qui non acceperit ultro Dardanium Aenean generumque asciverit urbi", + "en": "Father Latinus himself, dismayed by the grimness of the hour, quits the council and postpones his high designs, often chiding himself that he did not give a ready welcome to Dardan Aeneas and did not, for the citys sake, adopt him as a son." + }, + { + "id": 17013, + "la": "praefodiunt alii portas aut saxa sudesque subvectant", + "en": "Others dig trenches in front of the gates or shoulder stones and stakes." + }, + { + "id": 17014, + "la": "bello dat signum rauca cruentum bucina", + "en": "The hoarse clarion gives bloody signal for battle." + }, + { + "id": 17015, + "la": "tum muros varia cinxere corona matronae puerique, vocat labor ultimus omnis", + "en": "Then a motley ring of matrons and boys girdles the walls; the final struggle summons them all." + }, + { + "id": 17016, + "la": "nec non ad templum summasque ad Palladis arces subvehitur magna matrum regina caterva dona ferens, iuxtaque comes Lavinia virgo, causa mali tanti, oculos deiecta decoros", + "en": "Moreover the queen, with a great throng of mothers, drives 13 up to the temple of Pallas and her towered heights, bearing gifts, and at her side the maiden Lavinia, the source of all that woe, her beautiful eyes lowered." + }, + { + "id": 17017, + "la": "succedunt matres et templum ture vaporant et maestas alto fundunt de limine voces: armipotens, praeses belli, Tritonia virgo, frange manu telum Phrygii praedonis, et ipsum pronum sterne solo portisque effunde sub altis.", + "en": "As they go up, the matrons fill the temple with the smoke of incense and from the high threshold pour sad lamentations: Mighty in arms, mistress in war, Tritonian maid, break with your hand the spear of the Phrygian pirate, hurl him prone to earth and stretch him prostrate beneath our high gates." + }, + { + "id": 17018, + "la": "cingitur ipse furens certatim in proelia Turnus", + "en": "As for Turnus, with emulous fury he girds himself for the fray." + }, + { + "id": 17019, + "la": "iamque adeo rutilum thoraca indutus anis horrebat squamis surasque incluserat auro, tempora nudus adhuc, laterique accinxerat ensem, fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce exsultatque animis et spe iam praecipit hostem: qualis ubi abruptis fugit praesepia vinclis tandem liber equus, campoque potitus aperto aut ille in pastus armentaque tendit equarum aut adsuetus aquae perfundi flumine noto emicat, arrectisque fremit cervicibus alte luxurians luduntque iubae per colla, per armos", + "en": "And now he had donned his flashing breastplate and bristled with bronze scales; his legs he had sheathed in gold, though his temples were yet bare, and he had buckled his sword to his side. He shone with gold as he ran down from the fortress height; he exults in courage, and in his hopes he is already seizing the foe'just as, when a horse, bursting his tether, has fled the stalls, free at last, and, lord of the open plain, either he makes for the pastures and herds of mares or, accustomed to bathe in a familiar river, he dashes away and, with head held high in wanton joy, neighs, while his mane plays over neck and shoulder." + }, + { + "id": 17020, + "la": "Obvia cui Volscorum acie comitante Camilla occurrit portisque ab equo regina sub ipsis desiluit, quam tota cohors imitata relictis ad terram defluxit equis; tum talia fatur: Turne, sui merito si qua est fiducia forti, audeo et Aeneadum promitto occurrere turmae solaque Tyrrhenos equites ire obvia contra", + "en": "Attended by the Volscian army, Camilla sped to meet him, and near the gates the queen leaped from her horse; at her example all her troop left their mounts and slid to the ground. Then thus she speaks: Turnus, if the brave may justly put any trust in themselves, I dare and promise to face Aeneas cavalry, and ride alone to meet the Tyrrhene horsemen." + }, + { + "id": 17021, + "la": "me sine prima manu temptare pericula belli, tu pedes ad muros subsiste et moenia serva.", + "en": "Let me try wars first perils with my hand while you stay on foot by the walls and guard the town." + }, + { + "id": 17022, + "la": "Turnus ad haec oculos horrenda in virgine fixus: o decus Italiae virgo, quas dicere grates quasve referre parem? sed nunc, est omnia quando iste animus supra, mecum partire laborem", + "en": "Turnus, with his eyes fixed upon the formidable maiden, replied: Maiden, glory of Italy, what thanks can I try to utter or repay? But now, since your spirit soars above all, share the toil with me." + }, + { + "id": 17023, + "la": "Aeneas, ut fama fidem missique reportant exploratores, equitum levia improbus arma praemisit, quaterent campos; ipse ardua montis per deserta iugo superans adventat ad urbem", + "en": "Aeneas'so rumour tells, and scouts sent out confirm'has insolently sent forward his light cavalry to sweepthe plains; he himself, climbing the ridge, marches by the mountains lonely heights upon the town." + }, + { + "id": 17024, + "la": "furta paro belli convexo in tramite silvae, ut bivias armato obsidam milite fauces", + "en": "I am laying snares of war in an over-arched pathway in the wood, to block the gorges two entrances with armed troops." + }, + { + "id": 17025, + "la": "tu Tyrrhenum equitem conlatis excipe signis; tecum acer Messapus erit turmaeque Latinae Tiburtique manus, ducis et tu concipe curam.", + "en": "You, in battle array, must await the Tyrrhene cavalry; with you will be the valiant Messapus, the Latin squadrons, and Tiburtus troop: you too must take the duty of a captain." + }, + { + "id": 17026, + "la": "sic ait, et paribus Messapum in proelia dictis hortatur sociosque duces et pergit in hostem", + "en": "So he speaks, and with similar words he heartens Messapus and the allied captains to battle, and moves against the foe." + }, + { + "id": 17027, + "la": "Est curvo anfractu valles, accommoda fraudi armorumque dolis, quam densis frondibus atrum urget utrimque latus, tenuis quo semita ducit angustaeque ferunt fauces aditusque maligni", + "en": "There is a valley with sweeping curve, fit site for the stratagems and deceits of war, hemmed in on either side by a wall black with dense foliage. To it a narrow path leads, with straitened gorge and awkward approach." + }, + { + "id": 17028, + "la": "hanc super in speculis summoque in vertice montis planities ignota iacet tutique receptus, seu dextra laevaque velis occurrere pugnae sive instare iugis et grandia volvere saxa", + "en": "Above it, amid the watch towers of the mountain top, lies a hidden plain and a safe shelter, whether one plans to charge from right or left, or take stand upon the ridge and roll down enormous boulders." + }, + { + "id": 17029, + "la": "huc iuvenis nota fertur regione viarum arripuitque locum et silvis insedit iniquis", + "en": "Hither the warrior hastens by a well-known road and, seizing his ground, lay in wait in the treacherous woods." + }, + { + "id": 17030, + "la": "Velocem interea superis in sedibus Opim, unam ex virginibus sociis sacraque caterva, compellabat et has tristis Latonia voces ore dabat: graditur bellum ad crudele Camilla, o virgo, et nostris nequiquam cingitur armis, cara mihi ante alias", + "en": "Meanwhile, in Heavens halls Latonas daughter addressed swift Opis, one of her maiden sisterhood and sacred band, and opened her lips to these words of sorrow: Camilla is marching to the cruel war, O maiden, and vainly girds on our arms, Camilla, whom I love as none besides." + }, + { + "id": 17031, + "la": "neque enim novus iste Dianae venit amor subitaque animum dulcedine movit", + "en": "For no new love is this that has come upon Diana nor sudden the spell wherewith it has stirred her heart." + }, + { + "id": 17032, + "la": "pulsus ob invidiam regno virisque superbas Priverno antiqua Metabus cum excederet urbe, infantem fugiens media inter proelia belli sustulit exsilio comitem, matrisque vocavit nomine Casmillae, mutata parte, Camillam", + "en": "When Metabus was driven from his realm by his subjects hatred of his oppressive tyranny and was leaving Privernums ancient city, as he fled amid the conflict of battle he took with him his infant child to share his exile, and from her mother Casmillas name, slightly changed, called her Camilla." + }, + { + "id": 17033, + "la": "ipse sinu prae se portans iuga longa petebat solorum nemorum: tela undique saeva premebant et circumfuso volitabant milite Volsci", + "en": "Carrying her before him on his breast, he made for a stretch of mountain ridges lonely and forest-clad. On every side hostile weapons pressed upon him, the Volscians hovering around him with their troops." + }, + { + "id": 17034, + "la": "ecce fugae medio summis Amasenus abundans spumabat ripis, tantus se nubibus imber ruperat", + "en": "While they were still in mid-flight, the Amasenus overflowed and foamed over the summit of its banks: so great a downpour had burst from the clouds." + }, + { + "id": 17035, + "la": "ille innare parans infantis amore tardatur caroque oneri timet", + "en": "The exile, about to swim the flood, is checked by love of his child and fears for his precious burden." + }, + { + "id": 17036, + "la": "omnia secum versanti subito vix haec sententia sedit: telum immane manu valida quod forte gerebat bellator, solidum nodis et robore cocto, huic natam libro et silvestri subere clausam implicat atque habilem mediae circumligat hastae; quam dextra ingenti librans ita ad aethera fatur: alma, tibi hanc, nemorum cultrix, Latonia virgo, ipse pater famulam voveo; tua prima per auras tela tenens supplex hostem fugit", + "en": "Quickly as he pondered all courses in his mind, he settled on this reluctant resolve: the giant spear, which the warrior chanced to be carrying in his stalwart hand, hard-knotted and of seasoned oak'to this he fastens his daughter, wrapped in bark of forest cork, and binds her closely round the centre of the shaft. Then, poising it in his mighty right hand, he cries thus to the heavens: Gracious lady, dweller in the woods, virgin daughter of Latona, to your service I, her father, vow this child; yours is this first weapon that she clasps as a suppliant, speeding through the air in flight from her foe." + }, + { + "id": 17037, + "la": "accipe, testor, diva tuam, quae nunc dubiis committitur auris.", + "en": "Accept, goddess, for your own, I implore you, the child whom I now commit to the perils of the air!" + }, + { + "id": 17038, + "la": "dixit, et adducto contortum hastile lacerto immittit: sonuere undae, rapidum super amnem infelix fugit in iaculo stridente Camilla", + "en": "He has spoken and, drawing back his arm, launches the spinning shaft: loud roared the waters, over the rushing river poor Camilla speeds her flight upon the strident steel." + }, + { + "id": 17039, + "la": "at Metabus magna propius iam urgente caterva dat sese fluvio, atque hastam cum virgine victor gramineo, donum Triviae, de caespite vellit", + "en": "But Metabus, now that a great band pressed closer upon him, leaps into the stream, and in triumph plucks from the grassy turf his offering to Trivia, the spear and the maid." + }, + { + "id": 17040, + "la": "non illum tectis ullae, non moenibus urbes accepere (neque ipse manus feritate dedisset), pastorum et solis exegit montibus aevum", + "en": "No cities received him to their homes or walls, nor in his wild mood would he himself have yielded to them: among shepherds and on the lonely mountains he passed his days." + }, + { + "id": 17041, + "la": "hic natam in dumis interque horrentia lustra armentalis equae mammis et lacte ferino nutribat teneris immulgens ubera labris", + "en": "Here amid the woods and beasts rugged lairs he nursed his child on milk at the breast of a wild mare from the herd, squeezing the teats into her tender lips." + }, + { + "id": 17042, + "la": "utque pedum primis infans vestigia plantis institerat, iaculo palmas armavit acuto spiculaque ex umero parvae suspendit et arcum", + "en": "And as soon as the baby had taken her earliest footsteps, he armed her hands with a pointed lance, and hung quiver and bow from the little childs shoulder." + }, + { + "id": 17043, + "la": "pro crinali auro, pro longae tegmine pallae tigridis exuviae per dorsum a vertice pendent", + "en": "In place of gold to clasp her hair, in place of long trailing robe, there hung from her head and down her back a tigers spoils." + }, + { + "id": 17044, + "la": "tela manu iam tum tenera puerilia torsit et fundam tereti circum caput egit habena Strymoniamque gruem aut album deiecit olorem", + "en": "Even then with tender hand she hurled her childish spears, swung round her head the smooth-thonged sling, and struck down Strymonian crane or snowy swan." + }, + { + "id": 17045, + "la": "multae illam frustra Tyrrhena per oppida matres optavere nurum; sola contenta Diana aeternum telorum et virginitatis amorem intemerata colit", + "en": "Many a mother in Tyrrhene towers longed in vain for her as daughter; content with Diana alone, she cherishes unsullied a lifelong love for her weapons and her maidenhood." + }, + { + "id": 17046, + "la": "vellem haud correpta fuisset militia tali conata lacessere Teucros: cara mihi comitumque foret nunc una mearum", + "en": "I would that she had not been swept away in warfare such as this, nor tried to challenge the Teucrians: she would still be my darling and one of my companions." + }, + { + "id": 17047, + "la": "verum age, quandoquidem fatis urgetur acerbis, labere, nympha, polo finisque invise Latinos, tristis ubi infausto committitur omine pugna", + "en": "But come, since untimely doom weighs upon her, swoop down from heaven, nymph, and seek the Latin borders, where under evil omen they join in the dreadful fray." + }, + { + "id": 17048, + "la": "haec cape et ultricem pharetra deprome sagittam: hac, quicumque sacrum violarit vulnere corpus, Tros Italusque, mihi pariter det sanguine poenas", + "en": "Take these, and draw from the quiver an avenging shaft: with it may anyone, Trojan or Italian, who violates her sacred body with a wound pay me an equal penalty in his blood." + }, + { + "id": 17049, + "la": "post ego nube cava miserandae corpus et arma inspoliata feram tumulo patriaeque reponam.", + "en": "Then in a hollow cloud I will bear the body and armour of the hapless maid unspoiled to the tomb, and bury them in her own land." + }, + { + "id": 17050, + "la": "dixit, at illa levis caeli delapsa per auras insonuit nigro circumdata turbine corpus", + "en": "She spoke; and Opis sped down with whirring sound through heavens light air, her form shrouded in black whirlwind." + }, + { + "id": 17051, + "la": "At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat, Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis compositi numero in turmas", + "en": "But meanwhile the Trojan band draws near the walls, with the Etruscan chiefs and all their mounted array, marshalled by number into squadrons." + }, + { + "id": 17052, + "la": "fremit aequore toto insultans sonipes et pressis pugnat habenis huc conversus et huc; tum late ferreus hastis horret ager campique armis sublimibus ardent", + "en": "The warhorse prances neighing all over the plain and, fighting the tight-drawn rein, swerves this way and that: far and wide the field bristles with the steel of spears, and the plains are ablaze with raised weapons." + }, + { + "id": 17053, + "la": "nec non Messapus contra celeresque Latini et cum fratre Coras et virginis ala Camillae adversi campo apparent, hastasque reductis protendunt longe dextris et spicula vibrant, adventusque virum fremitusque ardescit equorum", + "en": "On the other side, too, Messapus and the fleet Latins, and Coras with his brother, and maid Camillas troop, come into view, confronting them on the plain; with hands drawn far back they thrust the lance and brandish the javelin; the marching of men and neighing of steeds grows fierce." + }, + { + "id": 17054, + "la": "iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque substiterat: subito erumpunt clamore furentisque exhortantur equos, fundunt simul undique tela crebra nivis ritu, caelumque obtexitur umbra", + "en": "And now in its advance each army had halted within a spear cast of the other; with a sudden shout they dash forth, and spur on their furious steeds; together from all sides they shower weapons as thick as snowflakes, and the sky is veiled in darkness." + }, + { + "id": 17055, + "la": "continuo adversis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus fulminis in morem aut tormento ponderis acti praecipitat longe et vitam dispergit in auras", + "en": "At once Tyrrhenus and fierce Aconteus charge each other full force with spears, and are first to go down with a mighty crash, breaking and shattering their horses as they collide breast to breast. Flung off like a thunderbolt or a stone shot from a catapult, Aconteus is hurled headlong far away, and scatters his life into the air." + }, + { + "id": 17056, + "la": "Extemplo turbatae acies, versique Latini reiciunt parmas et equos ad moenia vertunt; Troes agunt, princeps turmas inducit Asilas", + "en": "At once the lines waver, and the routed Latins cast their shields behind them, and turn their horses toward the city walls. The Trojans give chase; Asilas in the van leads the squadrons." + }, + { + "id": 17057, + "la": "iamque propinquabant portis rursusque Latini clamorem tollunt et mollia colla reflectunt; hi fugiunt penitusque datis referuntur habenis", + "en": "And now they were approaching the gates when again the Latins raise their shout, and wheel about their horses supple necks; the others flee, and retreat far off with loosened rein:" + }, + { + "id": 17058, + "la": "qualis ubi alterno procurrens gurgite pontus nunc ruit ad terram scopulosque superiacit unda spumeus extremamque sinu perfundit harenam, nunc rapidus retro atque aestu revoluta resorbens saxa fugit litusque vado labente relinquit", + "en": "as when the ocean, advancing with alternate flood, now rushes shoreward, dashes over the cliffs in a wave of foam, and drenches the furthest sands with its swelling curve; now flees in fast retreat and in its wash sucks back rolling stones, leaving the sands dry as the shallows retreat." + }, + { + "id": 17059, + "la": "bis Tusci Rutulos egere ad moenia versos, bis reiecti armis respectant terga tegentes", + "en": "Twice the Tuscans drove the routed Rutulians to the city; twice, repulsed, they glance backwards, as they sling behind them their protecting shields." + }, + { + "id": 17060, + "la": "tertia sed postquam congressi in proelia totas implicuere inter se acies legitque virum vir, tum vero et gemitus morientum et sanguine in alto armaque corporaque et permixti caede virorum semianimes volvuntur equi, pugna aspera surgit", + "en": "But when, clashing in the third encounter, the lines stood interlocked along their whole length, and man marked man, then in truth there were groans of the dying, and arms and bodies and horses, dying and mingled with slaughtered riders, all weltering deep in blood: the fight swells fiercely." + }, + { + "id": 17061, + "la": "Orsilochus Remuli, quando ipsum horrebat adire, hastam intorsit equo ferrumque sub aure reliquit; quo sonipes ictu furit arduus altaque iactat vulneris impatiens arrecto pectore crura, volvitur ille excussus humi", + "en": "Orsilochus hurled a lance at Remulus steed'for he feared to meet its lord'and left the steel beneath its ear. At this blow the charger rears furious and, unable to bear the wound, with chest raised flings his legs on high; unseated, Remulus rolls on the ground." + }, + { + "id": 17062, + "la": "Catillus Iollan ingentemque animis, ingentem corpore et armis deicit Herminium, nudo cui vertice fulva caesaries nudique umeri nec vulnera terrent; tantus in arma patet", + "en": "Catillus strikes down Iollas, and Herminius, giant in courage, giant in body and arms; on his bare head stream his tawny locks, and bare are his shoulders; for him wounds have no terrors; so vast a frame faces the steel." + }, + { + "id": 17063, + "la": "latos huic hasta per armos acta tremit duplicatque virum transfixa dolore", + "en": "Through his broad shoulders the driven spear comes quivering and, piercing through, bends him double with pain." + }, + { + "id": 17064, + "la": "funditur ater ubique cruor; dant funera ferro certantes pulchramque petunt per vulnera mortem", + "en": "Everywhere the dark blood streams; they deal carnage, clashing with the sword, and seek a glorious death among the wounds." + }, + { + "id": 17065, + "la": "At medias inter caedes exsultat Amazon unum exserta latus pugnae, pharetrata Camilla, et nunc lenta manu spargens hastilia denset, nunc validam dextra rapit indefessa bipennem; aureus ex umero sonat arcus et arma Dianae", + "en": "But in the heart of the slaughter, like an Amazon, one breast bared for the fray, and girt with a quiver, rages Camilla; and now she showers tough javelins thick from her hand, now she snatches a stout battle axe with unwearied grasp; the golden bow, armour of Diana, clangs from her shoulders." + }, + { + "id": 17066, + "la": "illa etiam, si quando in tergum pulsa recessit, spicula converso fugientia derigit arcu", + "en": "And even when, pressed from behind, she withdraws, she turns her bow and aims arrows in her flight." + }, + { + "id": 17067, + "la": "at circum lectae comites, Larinaque virgo Tullaque et aeratam quatiens Tarpeia securim, Italides, quas ipsa decus sibi dia Camilla delegit pacisque bonas bellique ministras:", + "en": "And round her are her chosen comrades, the maiden Larina, and Tulla, and Tarpeia, wielding an axe of bronze, daughters of Italy, whom godlike Camilla herself chose to be her glory, good handmaids in both peace and war." + }, + { + "id": 17068, + "la": "quales Threiciae cum flumina Thermodontis pulsant et pictis bellantur Amazones armis, seu circum Hippolyten seu cum se Martia curru Penthesilea refert, magnoque ululante tumultu feminea exsultant lunatis agmina peltis", + "en": "Such are the Amazons of Thrace, when they tramp over Thermodons streams and war in blazoned armour, whether round Hippolyte, or when Penthesilea, child of Mars, returns in her chariot and, amid loud tumultuous cries, the army of women exult with crescent shields." + }, + { + "id": 17069, + "la": "Quem telo primum, quem postremum, aspera virgo, deicis? aut quot humi morientia corpora fundis? Eunaeum Clytio primum patre, cuius apertum adversi longa transverberat abiete pectus", + "en": "Fierce maiden, whom first, whom last do you strike down with your weapon? How many bodies do you lay low on the earth? First Euneus, son of Clytius, whose unguarded breast, as he faces her, she pierces through with her long pine-shaft." + }, + { + "id": 17070, + "la": "sanguinis ille vomens rivos cadit atque cruentam mandit humum moriensque suo se in vulnere versat", + "en": "Coughing streams of blood, he falls, bites the gory dust and, dying, writhes upon his wound." + }, + { + "id": 17071, + "la": "tum Lirim Pagasumque super, quorum alter habenas suffosso revolutus equo dum colligit, alter dum subit ac dextram labenti tendit inermem, praecipites pariterque ruunt", + "en": "Then she fells Liris, and Pagasus over him: while one, thrown from his stabbed horse, gathers up the reins and the other, coming up, stretches an unharmed hand to stay his fall, they fall headlong together." + }, + { + "id": 17072, + "la": "his addit Amastrum Hippotaden, sequiturque incumbens eminus hasta Tereaque Harpalycumque et Demophoonta Chrominque; quotque emissa manu contorsit spicula virgo, tot Phrygii cecidere viri", + "en": "To these she adds Amastrus, son of Hippotas; and, bending to the task, she follows Tereus from far with her spear, and Harpalycus, and Demophoon, and Chromis; and as many weapons as she sent spinning from her hand, so many Phrygians fell." + }, + { + "id": 17073, + "la": "procul Ornytus armis ignotis et equo venator Iapyge fertur, cui pellis latos umeros erepta iuvenco pugnatori operit, caput ingens oris hiatus et malae texere lupi cum dentibus albis, agrestisque manus armat sparus; ipse catervis vertitur in mediis et toto vertice supra est", + "en": "At a distance rides the hunter Ornytus in strange armour on an Iapygian steed: a hide stripped from a steer swathes the warriors broad shoulders, his head is shielded by a wolfs huge gaping mouth and white-fanged jaws, and his hand is armed with a rustic pike; he himself moves in the midmost ranks, a full head above all." + }, + { + "id": 17074, + "la": "hunc illa exceptum (neque enim labor agmine verso) traicit et super haec inimico pectore fatur: silvis te, Tyrrhene, feras agitare putasti? advenit qui vestra dies muliebribus armis verba redarguerit", + "en": "She caught'for it was easy amid the rout'and pierced him, then above him thus cries with pitiless heart: Tuscan, did you think you were chasing beasts in the forests? The day is come that will refute your boasts with womans weapons." + }, + { + "id": 17075, + "la": "nomen tamen haud leve patrum manibus hoc referes, telo cecidisse Camillae.", + "en": "But you will carry no small fame to your ancestral shades'that you fell by the spear of Camilla!" + }, + { + "id": 17076, + "la": "Protinus Orsilochum et Buten, duo maxima Teucrum mpr corpora, sed Buten aversum cuspide fixit loricam galeamque inter, qua colla sedentis lucent et laevo dependet parma lacerto; Orsilochum fugiens magnumque agitata per orbem eludit gyro interior sequiturque sequentem; tum validam perque arma viro perque ossa securim altior exsurgens oranti et multa precanti congeminat; vulnus calido rigat ora cerebro", + "en": "Next she slays Orsilochus and Butes, two Teucrians of mightiest frame. Butes she pierced with a spearpoint in the back, between corslet and helmet, where the riders neck gleams, and the shield hangs from the left arm; as she flees from Orsilochus and is chased in a wide circle, she foils him, wheels into an inner ring and pursues the pursuer; then rising higher in the saddle, she drives her strong axe again and again through armour and through bone, while he implores and makes many prayers for mercy; the wound spatters his face with his warm brain." + }, + { + "id": 17077, + "la": "incidit huic subitoque aspectu territus haesit Appenninicolae bellator filius Auni, haud Ligurum extremus, dum fallere fata sinebant", + "en": "Now there fell in her way, and paused in terror at the sudden sight of her, the warrior son of Aunus, dweller upon the Apennine, not the least of the Ligurians while Fate allowed him to deceive." + }, + { + "id": 17078, + "la": "isque ubi se nullo iam cursu evadere pugnae posse neque instantem reginam avertere cernit, consilio versare dolos ingressus et astu incipit haec: quid tam egregium, si femina forti fidis equo? dimitte fugam et te comminus aequo mecum crede solo pugnaeque accinge pedestri: iam nosces ventosa ferat cui gloria fraudem.", + "en": "When he sees that by no fleetness can he escape combat or divert the queen from her attack, he tries to concoct a stratagem with policy and craft and thus begins: What great glory have you, woman, if you put your trust in your strong steed? Forget flight; dare to meet me hand to hand on equal ground, and gird yourself to fight on foot; soon you will know to whom windy vanity brings deception." + }, + { + "id": 17079, + "la": "dixit, at illa furens acrique accensa dolore tradit equum comiti paribusque resistit in armis ense pedes nudo puraque interrita parma", + "en": "He spoke, but she, furious and burning with the bitter smart, hands her horse over to a comrade and confronts him in equal arms, on foot and unafraid, with naked sword and shield unblazoned." + }, + { + "id": 17080, + "la": "at iuvenis vicisse dolo ratus avolat ipse (haud mora), conversisque fugax aufertur habenis quadripedemque citum ferrata calce fatigat", + "en": "But the youth, thinking that he had won by guile, himself darts away instantly and, turning his bridle, rushes off in flight, goading his charger to speed with iron spur." + }, + { + "id": 17081, + "la": "vane Ligus frustraque animis elate superbis, nequiquam patrias temptasti lubricus artis, nec fraus te incolumem fallaci perferet Auno.", + "en": "Foolish Ligurian, vainly puffed up in pride of heart, in vain you have tried your slippery native tricks; cunning will not take you home unscathed to lying Aunus!" + }, + { + "id": 17082, + "la": "haec fatur virgo, et pernicibus ignea plantis transit equum cursu frenisque adversa prehensis congreditur poenasque inimico ex sanguine sumit: quam facile accipiter saxo sacer ales ab alto consequitur pennis sublimem in nube columbam comprensamque tenet pedibusque eviscerat uncis; tum cruor et vulsae labuntur ab aethere plumae", + "en": "So cries the maiden and with fleet foot, swift as lightning, she crosses the horses path and, seizing the reins, meets him face to face and takes vengeance from his hated blood: as lightly as a falcon, bird of augury, 16 swooping from a lofty rock, overtakes a dove on the wing in a high cloud, then holds her in his clutch and with crooked claws tears out her heart, while blood and rent plumage flutter from the sky." + }, + { + "id": 17083, + "la": "At non haec nullis hominum sator atque deorum observans oculis summo sedet altus Olympo", + "en": "But with not unseeing eyes the father of gods and men sits throned on high Olympus, viewing the scene." + }, + { + "id": 17084, + "la": "Tyrrhenum genitor Tarchonem in proelia saeva suscitat et stimulis haud mollibus inicit iras", + "en": "He rouses Tyrrhenian Tarchon to the fierce battle, and fills him with wrath by no gentle spur." + }, + { + "id": 17085, + "la": "ergo inter caedes cedentiaque agmina Tarchon fertur equo variisque instigat vocibus alas nomine quemque vocans, reficitque in proelia pulsos", + "en": "So, amid the slaughter and wavering columns, Tarchon rides, and goads his squadrons with diverse cries, calling each man by name, and rallying the routed to the fight." + }, + { + "id": 17086, + "la": "quis metus, o numquam dolituri, o semper inertes Tyrrheni, quae tanta animis ignavia venit? femina palantis agit atque haec agmina vertit? quo ferrum quidve haec gerimus tela inrita dextris? at non in Venerem segnes nocturnaque bella, mr aut ubi curva choros indixit tibia Bacchi", + "en": "You Tuscans, who will never be stung by shame, sluggards always, what fear, what utter cowardice has fallen on your hearts? Does a woman drive you in disorder and rout your ranks? For what reason do we bear swords, why these idle weapons, in our hands? But you are not laggard for love and nightly frays, or when the curved flute proclaims the Bacchic dance." + }, + { + "id": 17087, + "la": "exspectate dapes et plenae pocula mensae (hic amor, hoc studium) dum sacra secundus haruspex nuntiet ac lucos vocet hostia pinguis in altos! haec effatus equum in medios moriturus et ipse concitat, et Venulo adversum se turbidus infert dereptumque ab equo dextra complectitur hostem et gremium ante suum multa vi concitus aufert", + "en": "Wait for the feasts and the cups on the loaded board (this is your passion, this your delight!) till the favouring seer announces the sacrifice, and the fat victim calls you to the deep groves! So saying, he spurs his horse into the throng, ready himself also to die, and charges like a whirlwind full at Venulus; tearing the foe from his horse, he grips him with his right hand, clasps him to his breast, and, mightily spurring on his horse, carries him off." + }, + { + "id": 17088, + "la": "tollitur in caelum clamor cunctique Latini convertere oculos", + "en": "A shout rises to heaven, as all the Latins turned their eyes on the sight." + }, + { + "id": 17089, + "la": "volat igneus aequore Tarchon arma virumque ferens; tum summa ipsius ab hasta defringit ferrum et partis rimatur apertas, qua vulnus letale ferat; contra ille repugnans sustinet a iugulo dextram et vim viribus exit", + "en": "Like lightning Tarchon flies over the plain, carrying away the arms and the man; then he breaks off the iron from the head of his foes spear and searches for an unguarded place where he may deal a deadly wound; the other, struggling against him, keeps the hand from off his throat and baffles force with force." + }, + { + "id": 17090, + "la": "utque volans alte raptum cum fulva draconem fert aquila implicuitque pedes atque unguibus haesit, saucius at serpens sinuosa volumina versat arrectisque horret squamis et sibilat ore arduus insurgens, illa haud minus urget obunco luctantem rostro, simul aethera verberat alis: haud aliter praedam Tiburtum ex agmine Tarchon portat ovans", + "en": "And as when a tawny eagle, soaring on high, carries a serpent she has caught, her feet entwined and her claws clinging tight, but the wounded snake writhes its sinuous coils, and rears its bristling scales, and hisses with its mouth, towering aloft; none the less with crooked beak she assails her struggling victim, while her wings beat the air: just so from the Tiburtian line Tarchon carries off his prey in triumph." + }, + { + "id": 17091, + "la": "ducis exemplum eventumque secuti Maeonidae incurrunt", + "en": "Following their chiefs example and success, Maeonias sons attack." + }, + { + "id": 17092, + "la": "tum fatis debitus Arruns velocem iaculo et multa prior arte Camillam circuit, et quae sit fortuna facillima temptat", + "en": "Then Arruns, his life owed to the fates, first circles round fleet Camilla with javelin and deep cunning and tries what chance may be easiest." + }, + { + "id": 17093, + "la": "qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo, hac Arruns subit et tacitus vestigia lustrat; qua victrix redit illa pedemque ex hoste reportat, hac iuvenis furtim celeris detorquet habenas", + "en": "Wherever the maiden rides among the ranks in her fury, there Arruns creeps up and silently tracks her footsteps; where she returns victorious and retires from the foe, there the youth stealthily turns his swift reins." + }, + { + "id": 17094, + "la": "hos aditus iamque hos aditus omnemque pererrat undique circuitum et certam quatit improbus hastam", + "en": "He tries this approach and now that, and traverses the whole circuit round about, the unerring spear quivering in his relentless hand." + }, + { + "id": 17095, + "la": "Forte sacer Cybelo Chloreus olimque sacerdos insignis longe Phrygiis fulgebat in armis spumantemque agitabat equum, quem pellis anis in plumam squamis auro conserta tegebat", + "en": "It chanced that Chloreus, sacred to Cybelus, 17 and once a priest, glittered resplendent from far off in his Phrygian armour, and spurred his foaming charger, whose covering was a skin plumed with bronze scales and clasped with gold." + }, + { + "id": 17096, + "la": "ipse peregrina ferrugine clarus et ostro spicula torquebat Lycio Gortynia cornu;", + "en": "Himself ablaze in the deep hue of foreign purple, he launched Gortynian arrows from a Lycian bow:" + }, + { + "id": 17097, + "la": "aureus ex umeris erat arcus et aurea vati cassida; tum croceam chlamydemque sinusque crepantis carbaseos fulvo in nodum collegerat auro pictus acu tunicas et barbara tegmina crurum", + "en": "golden was that bow upon his shoulders, and golden was the seers helmet; his saffron scarf and its rustling linen folds were gathered into a knot by yellow gold; his tunic and barbaric hose were embroidered with the needle." + }, + { + "id": 17098, + "la": "hunc virgo, sive ut templis praefigeret arma Troa, captivo sive ut se ferret in auro venatrix, unum ex omni certamine pugnae caeca sequebatur totumque incauta per agmen femineo praedae et spoliorum ardebat amore, mp telum ex insidiis cum tandem tempore capto concitat et superos Arruns sic voce precatur: summe deum, sancti custos Soractis Apollo, quem primi colimus, cui pineus ardor acervo pascitur, et medium freti pietate per ignem cultores multa premimus vestigia pruna, da, pater, hoc nostris aboleri dedecus armis, omnipotens", + "en": "Whether hoping to fasten upTrojan arms in a temple or to flaunt herself in golden spoil, the maiden singled him out from all the battle fray and like a huntress was blindly pursuing him, recklessly raging through all the ranks with a womans passion for booty and spoil, when at length, seizing the chance, Arruns from ambush rouses his lance, and thus prays aloud to Heaven: Apollo, most high of gods, guardian of holy Soracte, whose chief worshippers are we, for whom the blaze of the pine wood heap is fed, while we, your votaries, pass through the fire in strength of faith and plant our steps on the deep embers 'grant that this disgrace be effaced by our arms, Father Almighty!" + }, + { + "id": 17099, + "la": "non exuvias pulsaeve tropaeum virginis aut spolia ulla peto, mihi cetera laudem facta ferent; haec dira meo dum vulnere pestis pulsa cadat, patrias remeabo inglorius urbes.", + "en": "I seek no plunder, no trophy of the maids defeat, nor any spoils; other feats will bring me fame; if only this dread scourge fall stricken beneath my blow, I will return inglorious to the cities of my sires." + }, + { + "id": 17100, + "la": "Audiit et voti Phoebus succedere partem mente dedit, partem volucris dispersit in auras: sterneret ut subita turbatam morte Camillam adnuit oranti; reducem ut patria alta videret non dedit, inque Notos vocem vertere procellae", + "en": "Phoebus heard, and in his heart vouchsafed that half the prayer should prosper; half he scattered to the flying breezes. He favoured the prayer that he might overthrow and strike down Camilla in sudden death; that his noble country should see his return he did not grant, and the blasts bore the prayer to the southern gates." + }, + { + "id": 17101, + "la": "ergo ut missa manu sonitum dedit hasta per auras, convertere animos acris oculosque tulere cuncti ad reginam Volsci", + "en": "Therefore, as the spear, sped from his hand, whistled through the air, all the Volscians turned their eager eyes and minds to the queen." + }, + { + "id": 17102, + "la": "", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 17103, + "la": "nihil ipsa nec aurae nec sonitus memor aut venientis ab aethere teli, hasta sub exsertam donec perlata papillam haesit virgineumque alte bibit acta cruorem", + "en": "She herself noticed neither air nor sound nor weapon coming from the sky till the spear, borne home, found lodging beneath the bare breast and, driven deep, drank her maiden blood." + }, + { + "id": 17104, + "la": "concurrunt trepidae comites dominamque ruentem suscipiunt", + "en": "In alarm, her comrades hurry around her, and catch their falling queen." + }, + { + "id": 17105, + "la": "fugit ante omnis exterritus Arruns laetitia mixtoque metu, nec iam amplius hastae credere nec telis occurrere virginis audet", + "en": "More alarmed than the rest, Arruns flees in mingled joy and fear, and no more dares to trust his lance, or to meet the maidens weapons." + }, + { + "id": 17106, + "la": "ac velut ille, prius quam tela inimica sequantur, continuo in montis sese avius abdidit altos occiso pastore lupus magnove iuvenco, conscius audacis facti, caudamque remulcens subiecit pavitantem utero silvasque petivit: haud secus ex oculis se turbidus abstulit Arruns contentusque fuga mediis se immiscuit armis", + "en": "And just as the wolf, when he has slain a shepherd or a great steer, before hostile darts can pursue him, at once plunges by pathless ways among the high mountains, conscious of a reckless deed, and lowering his tail holds it quivering beneath his belly, and seeks the woods: just so does Arruns, in confusion, steal away from sight and, satisfied to escape, plunge into the armed throng." + }, + { + "id": 17107, + "la": "illa manu moriens telum trahit, ossa sed inter ferreus ad costas alto stat vulnere mucro", + "en": "She tugs at the weapon with dying hand but in the deep wound the iron point stands fast between the bones, close to the ribs." + }, + { + "id": 17108, + "la": "labitur exsanguis, labuntur frigida leto lumina, purpureus quondam color ora reliquit", + "en": "Bloodless she sinks; her eyes sink, chill with death; the once radiant hue has left her face." + }, + { + "id": 17109, + "la": "tum sic exspirans Accam ex aequalibus unam adloquitur, fida ante alias quae sola Camillae quicum partiri curas, atque haec ita fatur: hactenus, Acca soror, potui: nunc vulnus acerbum conficit, et tenebris nigrescunt omnia circum", + "en": "Then, as her breath fails, she thus accosts Acca, one of her age-mates, true to Camilla beyond all the others, sole sharer of her cares, and thus she speaks: So far, sister Acca, has my strength availed; now the bitter wound overpowers me, and all around grows dim and dark." + }, + { + "id": 17110, + "la": "effuge et haec Turno mandata novissima perfer: succedat pugnae Troianosque arceat urbe", + "en": "Hurry away, and bring to Turnus my latest orders: to take my place in the battle, and ward off the Trojans from the town." + }, + { + "id": 17111, + "la": "iamque vale.", + "en": "And now farewell!" + }, + { + "id": 17112, + "la": "simul his dictis linquebat habenas ad terram non sponte fluens", + "en": "With these words she dropped the reins, slipping helplessly to earth." + }, + { + "id": 17113, + "la": "tum frigida toto paulatim exsolvit se corpore, lentaque colla et captum leto posuit caput, arma relinquens, vitaque cum gemitu fugit indignata sub umbras", + "en": "Then, growing chill, she slowly freed herself from all the bodys bonds, drooped her nerveless neck and the head which Death had seized, letting fall her weapons, and with a moan her life fled resentfully to the Shades below." + }, + { + "id": 17114, + "la": "tum vero immensus surgens ferit aurea clamor sidera: deiecta crudescit pugna Camilla; incurrunt densi simul omnis copia Teucrum Tyrrhenique duces Euandrique Arcades alae", + "en": "Then indeed a boundless uproar rose, striking the golden stars: Camilla fallen, the fight waxes fiercer; on they rush in crowds together, all the Teucrian host, the Tyrrhene chiefs, and Evanders Arcadian squadrons." + }, + { + "id": 17115, + "la": "At Triviae custos iamdudum in montibus Opis alta sedet summis spectatque interrita pugnas", + "en": "But Opis, Trivias sentinel, has long been seated high on the mountain top, and, undismayed, watches the combat." + }, + { + "id": 17116, + "la": "utque procul medio iuvenum in clamore furentum prospexit tristi multatam morte Camillam, ingemuitque deditque has imo pectore voces: heu nimium, virgo, nimium crudele luisti supplicium Teucros conata lacessere bello! nec tibi desertae in dumis coluisse Dianam profuit aut nostras umero gessisse pharetras", + "en": "And when far off, amid the din of raging warriors, she saw that Camilla had paid the penalty of death, she sighed and from her hearts depth uttered these words: Alas! too cruel, too cruel, maiden, the forfeit you have paid for trying to defy the Teucrians in battle! It has availed you nothing that, alone in the woodlands, you worshipped Diana and wore our quiver on your shoulder." + }, + { + "id": 17117, + "la": "non tamen indecorem tua te regina reliquit extrema iam in morte, neque hoc sine nomine letum per gentis erit aut famam patieris inultae", + "en": "But your queen has not left you unhonoured even in deaths last hour; nor will your doom be without renown among the nations, nor will you bear the reproach of one unavenged;" + }, + { + "id": 17118, + "la": "nam quicumque tuum violavit vulnere corpus morte luet merita.", + "en": "for whoever profaned your limbs with this wound will pay the debt of death." + }, + { + "id": 17119, + "la": "fuit ingens monte sub alto regis Dercenni terreno ex aggere bustum antiqui Laurentis opacaque ilice tectum; hic dea se primum rapido pulcherrima nisu sistit et Arruntem tumulo speculatur ab alto", + "en": "Under the mountain height stood a mound of earth, the mighty tomb of Dercennus, Laurentine king of old, screened by shadowy ilex; here first the beautiful goddess, with swift spring, plants her feet, and from the high barrow espies Arruns." + }, + { + "id": 17120, + "la": "ut vidit fulgentem armis ac vana tumentem, cur inquit diversus abis? huc derige gressum, huc periture veni, capias ut digna Camillae praemia", + "en": "When she saw him blazing in his armour and swelling with pride, she cried, Why do you stray so far? Turn your steps this way, come this way to your death and for Camilla receive the reward you deserve!" + }, + { + "id": 17121, + "la": "tune etiam telis moriere Dianae? dixit, et aurata volucrem Threissa sagittam deprompsit pharetra cornuque infensa tetendit et duxit longe, donec curvata coirent inter se capita et manibus iam tangeret aequis, laeva aciem ferri, dextra nervoque papillam", + "en": "Shall you too die by Dianas darts? So spoke the Thracian nymph, and from gilded quiver plucked a winged shaft, stretched the bow with full intent, and drew it far, till the curving ends met together and, with levelled hands, she could touch the steels point with her left, her breast with her right and with the bow string." + }, + { + "id": 17122, + "la": "extemplo teli stridorem aurasque sonantis audiit una Arruns haesitque in corpore ferrum", + "en": "Straightway, at the selfsame moment, Arruns heard the whistling dart and whirring air, and the steel was lodged in his breast." + }, + { + "id": 17123, + "la": "illum exspirantem socii atque extrema gementem obliti ignoto camporum in pulvere linquunt; Opis ad aetherium pennis aufertur Olympum", + "en": "As he gasps and groans his last breaths, his forgetful comrades leave him on the unknown dust of the plain; Opis wings her way to heavenly Olympus." + }, + { + "id": 17124, + "la": "Prima fugit domina amissa levis ala Camillae, turbati fugiunt Rutuli, fugit acer Atinas, disiectique duces desolatique manipli tuta petunt et equis aversi ad moenia tendunt", + "en": "Their mistress lost, Camillas light squadron flees first; in rout the Rutulians flee, valiant Atinas flees; scattered captains, and troops left leaderless, make for shelter and, wheeling their horses, gallop to the walls." + }, + { + "id": 17125, + "la": "nec quisquam instantis Teucros letumque ferentis sustentare valet telis aut sistere contra, sed laxos referunt umeris languentibus arcus, quadripedumque putrem cursu quatit ungula campum", + "en": "Nor can any check with their weapons the onset of the death-dealing Trojans, nor stand against it, but cast their unstrung bows on fainting shoulders, and in their galloping course the horsehoof shakes the crumbling plain." + }, + { + "id": 17126, + "la": "volvitur ad muros caligine turbidus atra pulvis, et e speculis percussae pectora matres femineum clamorem ad caeli sidera tollunt", + "en": "On to the walls rolls a cloud of dust, black and murky, and from the watch-towers mothers, beating their breasts, raise to the stars of heaven their womanish cries." + }, + { + "id": 17127, + "la": "qui cursu portas primi inrupere patentis, hos inimica super mixto premit agmine turba, nec miseram effugiunt mortem, sed limine in ipso, moenibus in patriis atque inter tuta domorum confixi exspirant animas", + "en": "Upon those who first broke at full speed through the open gates there presses hard a throng of foes, mingling with their ranks, nor do they escape a piteous death, but on the very threshold, their native walls about them, and within the shelter of their homes, they are pierced through, and gasp away their lives." + }, + { + "id": 17128, + "la": "pars claudere portas, nec sociis aperire viam nec moenibus audent accipere orantis, oriturque miserrima caedes defendentum armis aditus inque arma ruentum", + "en": "Some close the gates, and dare not open a way to their friends, nor receive them inside the walls, implore as they may; and slaughter most pitiful ensues, both of those guarding the entry sword in hand, and of those rushing upon the sword." + }, + { + "id": 17129, + "la": "exclusi ante oculos lacrimantumque ora parentum pars in praecipitis fossas urgente ruina volvitur, immissis pars caeca et concita frenis arietat in portas et duros obice postis", + "en": "Shut out before the eyes and gaze of weeping parents, some, driven by the rout, roll headlong into the trenches; some, charging blindly with loosened rein, batter at the gates and stoutly barred doors" + }, + { + "id": 17130, + "la": "ipsae de muris summo certamine matres (monstrat amor verus patriae), ut videre Camillam, tela manu trepidae iaciunt ac robore duro stipitibus ferrum sudibusque imitantur obustis praecipites, primaeque mori pro moenibus ardent", + "en": "The very mothers from the walls, in keenest rivalry (true love of country points the way), when they marked Camilla, fling weapons with trembling hands, and hastily do the work of steel with stout oaken poles and seared stakes, and burn to be the first to die defending their walls." + }, + { + "id": 17131, + "la": "Interea Turnum in silvis saevissimus implet nuntius et iuveni ingentem fert Acca tumultum: deletas Volscorum acies, cecidisse Camillam, ingruere infensos hostis et Marte secundo omnia corripuisse, metum iam ad moenia ferri", + "en": "Meanwhile in the forests the woeful tidings fill Turnus ears, and Acca brings the warrior her tale of mighty turmoil: the Volscian ranks destroyed, Camilla fallen, the foe fiercely advancing and sweeping the field in triumphant warfare, the panic now passing to the town." + }, + { + "id": 17132, + "la": "ille furens (et saeva Iovis sic numina poscunt) deserit obsessos collis, nemora aspera linquit", + "en": "He, raging'and Joves stern will so demands'quits the hills ambush, and leaves the rough woodland." + }, + { + "id": 17133, + "la": "vix e conspectu exierat campumque tenebat, cum pater Aeneas saltus ingressus apertos exsuperatque iugum silvaque evadit opaca", + "en": "Scarce had he passed from view and reached the plain when father Aeneas, entering the unguarded pass, scales the ridge, and issues from the shady wood." + }, + { + "id": 17134, + "la": "sic ambo ad muros rapidi totoque feruntur agmine nec longis inter se passibus absunt; ac simul Aeneas fumantis pulvere campos prospexit longe Laurentiaque agmina vidit, et saevum Aenean agnovit Turnus in armis adventumque pedum flatusque audivit equorum", + "en": "So both march toward the walls, swiftly and in full force, and not far distant from each other: and at the same moment Aeneas descried far off the plain smoking with dust and saw the Laurentine hosts, and Turnus was aware of fell Aeneas in arms, and heard the march of feet and the snorting of steeds." + }, + { + "id": 17135, + "la": "continuoque ineant pugnas et proelia temptent, ni roseus fessos iam gurgite Phoebus Hibero tingat equos noctemque die labente reducat", + "en": "And they would enter the fray at once and try the issue of battle, but ruddy Phoebus already bathes his weary team in the Iberian flood and, as day ebbs, brings back the night." + }, + { + "id": 17136, + "la": "considunt castris ante urbem et moenia vallant", + "en": "Before the city they encamp and strengthen the ramparts." + }, + { + "id": 17137, + "la": "Turnus ut infractos adverso Marte Latinos defecisse videt, sua nunc promissa reposci, se signari oculis, ultro implacabilis ardet attollitque animos", + "en": "When Turnus sees the Latins crushed and faint of heart through wars reverse, his own pledge now claimed, and himself the mark of every eye, forthwith he blazes with wrath unappeasable and raises his courage." + }, + { + "id": 17138, + "la": "Poenorum qualis in arvis saucius ille gravi venantum vulnere pectus tum demum movet arma leo, gaudetque comantis excutiens cervice toros fixumque latronis impavidus frangit telum et fremit ore cruento: haud secus accenso gliscit violentia Turno", + "en": "As in Punic fields a lion, when wounded in the chest by huntsmen with a grievous stroke, only then wakes to war, joyously tosses from his neck his shaggy mane, and undaunted breaks the robbers implanted dart, roaring with blood-stained mouth: even so in Turnus kindling soul the fury swells." + }, + { + "id": 17139, + "la": "tum sic adfatur regem atque ita turbidus infit: nulla mora in Turno; nihil est quod dicta retractent ignavi Aeneadae, nec quae pepigere recusent: congredior", + "en": "Then thus he accosts the king, and with these wild words begins: No delay lies with Turnus! There is no reason for the coward sons of Aeneas to recall their words or to renounce their pact! I go to meet him." + }, + { + "id": 17140, + "la": "fer sacra, pater, et concipe foedus", + "en": "Bring on the holy rites, father, and frame the covenant." + }, + { + "id": 17141, + "la": "aut hac Dardanium dextra sub Tartara mittam desertorem Asiae (sedeant spectentque Latini), et solus ferro crimen commune refellam, aut habeat victos, cedat Lavinia coniunx.", + "en": "Either with this arm I will hurl to Tartarus the Dardan, the Asian runaway'let the Latins sit and see it'and with my sword alone refute the nations shame, or let him be lord of the vanquished, let Lavinia come to him as bride!" + }, + { + "id": 17142, + "la": "Olli sedato respondit corde Latinus: o praestans animi iuvenis, quantum ipse feroci virtute exsuperas, tanto me impensius aequum est consulere atque omnis metuentem expendere casus", + "en": "To him Latinus with unruffled soul replied: O youth of matchless spirit, the more you excel in proud valour, the more carefully it is right that I ponder and in fear weigh every chance." + }, + { + "id": 17143, + "la": "sunt tibi regna patris Dauni, sunt oppida capta multa manu, nec non aurumque animusque Latino est; sunt aliae innuptae Latio et Laurentibus arvis nec genus indecores", + "en": "You have your father Daunus realms, you have the many towns your hand has taken; Latinus, too, has gold and good will. Other unwed maids there are in Latium and Laurentums fields, and of no ignoble birth." + }, + { + "id": 17144, + "la": "sine me haec haud mollia fatu sublatis aperire dolis, simul hoc animo hauri: me natam nulli veterum sociare procorum fas erat, idque omnes divique hominesque canebant", + "en": "Suffer me to utter this hard saying, stripped of all disguise, and drink it into your soul: for me to ally my child to any of her old-time wooers was forbidden, and this all gods and men foretold." + }, + { + "id": 17145, + "la": "victus amore tui, cognato sanguine victus coniugis et maestae lacrimis, vincla omnia rupi; promissam eripui genero, arma impia sumpsi", + "en": "Overborne by love of you, overborne by kindred blood 3 and the tears of my sorrowing queen, I broke all fetters, snatched the betrothed from her promised husband, and drew the unholy sword." + }, + { + "id": 17146, + "la": "ex illo qui me casus, quae, Turne, sequantur bella, vides, quantos primus patiare labores", + "en": "From that day, Turnus, you see what perils, what wars pursue me, what heavy burdens you bear above all." + }, + { + "id": 17147, + "la": "bis magna victi pugna vix urbe tuemur spes Italas; recalent nostro Tiberina fluenta sanguine adhuc campique ingentes ossibus albent", + "en": "Twice vanquished in terrible battle, 4 we can scarcely guard within our walls the hopes of Italy; Tibers streams are still warm with our blood, the boundless plains still white with our bones." + }, + { + "id": 17148, + "la": "quo referor totiens? quae mentem insania mutat? si Turno exstincto socios sum ascire paratus, cur non incolumi potius certamina tollo? quid consanguinei Rutuli, quid cetera dicet Italia, ad mortem si te (fors dicta refutet!) prodiderim, natam et conubia nostra petentem? respice res bello varias, miserere parentis longaevi, quem nunc maestum patria Ardea longe dividit.", + "en": "Why do I drift back so often? 5 What madness turns my purpose? If, with Turnus dead, I am ready to link them to me as allies, why not rather end the strife while he still lives? What will your Rutulian kinsmen say, what the rest of Italy, if'Fortune refute the word!'I should betray you to death, while you woo our daughter in marriage? Consider wars changes and chances; pity your aged father, whom now his native Ardea keeps far away from us in sorrow!" + }, + { + "id": 17149, + "la": "haudquaquam dictis violentia Turni flectitur; exsuperat magis aegrescitque medendo", + "en": "Not at all do his words bend the fury of Turnus; still higher it mounts, more inflamed with the healing." + }, + { + "id": 17150, + "la": "ut primum fari potuit, sic institit ore: quam pro me curam geris, hanc precor, optime, pro me deponas letumque sinas pro laude pacisci", + "en": "As soon as he could speak he thus began: The care you have on my behalf, most gracious lord, on my behalf, I pray, resign, and suffer me to barter death for fame." + }, + { + "id": 17151, + "la": "et nos tela, pater, ferrumque haud debile dextra spargimus, et nostro sequitur de vulnere sanguis", + "en": "I too, father, can scatter darts and no weakling steel from this right hand, and from my strokes too flows blood." + }, + { + "id": 17152, + "la": "longe illi dea mater erit, quae nube fugacem feminea tegat et vanis sese occulat umbris.", + "en": "His goddess-mother will not be at his side to shelter the runaway, woman-like, with a cloud and hide herself in empty shadows." + }, + { + "id": 17153, + "la": "At regina nova pugnae conterrita sorte flebat et ardentem generum moritura tenebat: Turne, per has ego te lacrimas, per si quis Amatae tangit honos animum: spes tu nunc una, senectae tu requies miserae, decus imperiumque Latini te penes, in te omnis domus inclinata recumbit", + "en": "But the queen, dismayed by the new terms of conflict, wept and, ready to die, clung to her fiery son: Turnus, by these my tears, by any reverence for Amata that yet may touch your heart'you are now my only hope, the comfort of my sad old age; in your hands are the honour and sovereignty of Latinus, on you rests all our sinking house'" + }, + { + "id": 17154, + "la": "unum oro: desiste manum committere Teucris", + "en": "one boon I beg: forbear to join combat with the Trojans." + }, + { + "id": 17155, + "la": "qui te cumque manent isto certamine casus et me, Turne, manent; simul haec invisa relinquam lumina nec generum Aenean captiva videbo.", + "en": "Whatever perils await you in that combat await me also, Turnus; with you I will quit this hateful light, and I will not in captivity see Aeneas as my son." + }, + { + "id": 17156, + "la": "accepit vocem lacrimis Lavinia matris flagrantis perfusa genas, cui plurimus ignem subiecit rubor et calefacta per ora cucurrit", + "en": "Lavinia heard her mothers words, her burning cheeks steeped in tears, while a deep blush kindled its fire, and mantled her glowing face." + }, + { + "id": 17157, + "la": "Indum sanguineo veluti violaverit ostro si quis ebur, aut mixta rubent ubi lilia multa alba rosa, talis virgo dabat ore colores", + "en": "As when someone stains Indian ivory with crimson dye, or white lilies blush when mingled with many a rose'such hues her maiden features showed." + }, + { + "id": 17158, + "la": "illum turbat amor figitque in virgine vultus; ardet in arma magis paucisque adfatur Amatam: ne, quaeso, ne me lacrimis neve omine tanto prosequere in duri certamina Martis euntem, o mater; neque enim Turno mora libera mortis", + "en": "Love throws Turnus into turmoil, and he fastens his gaze upon the maid; then, fired yet more for the fray, he briefly addresses Amata: I beseech you, mother, do not send me off with tears or such ill omen as I go forth to stern wars conflicts; for Turnus is not free to delay his death." + }, + { + "id": 17159, + "la": "nuntius haec, Idmon, Phrygio mea dicta tyranno haud placitura refer", + "en": "Idmon, be my herald and bear my message to the Phrygian king'a message he will not welcome:" + }, + { + "id": 17160, + "la": "cum primum crastina caelo puniceis invecta rotis Aurora rubebit, non Teucros agat in Rutulos, Teucrum arma quiescant et Rutuli; nostro dirimamus sanguine bellum, illo quaeratur coniunx Lavinia campo.", + "en": "as soon as tomorrows Dawn, riding in crimson chariot, reddens in the sky, let him not lead Teucrians against Rutulians'let Teucrian arms and Rutulians have rest'with our own blood let us settle the war; on that field let Lavinia be wooed and won!" + }, + { + "id": 17161, + "la": "Haec ubi dicta dedit rapidusque in tecta recessit, poscit equos gaudetque tuens ante ora frementis, Pilumno quos ipsa decus dedit Orithyia, qui candore nives anteirent, cursibus auras", + "en": "When he has spoken these words and hurried back into the palace, he calls for his steeds, and exults to see them neighing before his face'the steeds that Orithyia herself gave as a glory to Pilumnus, because they excelled the snows in whiteness and the gales in speed." + }, + { + "id": 17162, + "la": "circumstant properi aurigae manibusque lacessunt pectora plausa cavis et colla comantia pectunt", + "en": "The eager charioteers stand round, patting with hollow palms their sounding chests, and combing their flowing manes." + }, + { + "id": 17163, + "la": "ipse dehinc auro squalentem alboque orichalco circumdat loricam umeris, simul aptat habendo ensemque clipeumque et rubrae cornua cristae, ensem quem Dauno ignipotens deus ipse parenti fecerat et Stygia candentem tinxerat unda", + "en": "Next he binds upon his shoulders a corslet stiff with gold and pale mountain bronze; at the same time he fits on sword and shield and the horns of his ruddy crest; 7 the sword the divine Lord of Fire had himself wrought for his father Daunus and dipped, all glowing, in the waters of Styx." + }, + { + "id": 17164, + "la": "exim quae mediis ingenti adnixa columnae aedibus astabat, validam vi corripit hastam, Actoris Aurunci spolium, quassatque trementem vociferans: nunc, o numquam frustrata vocatus hasta meos, nunc tempus adest: te maximus Actor, te Turni nunc dextra gerit; da sternere corpus loricamque manu valida lacerare revulsam semiviri Phrygis et foedare in pulvere crinis vibratos calido ferro murraque madentis.", + "en": "Then, as it stood leaning on a giant column in the middle of the hall, he seizes with strong hand his mighty spear, spoil of Auruncan Actor, and shakes it quivering, while he cries aloud: Now, spear that never failed my call, now the hour is come! Mighty Actor once bore you; now the hand of Turnus wields you. Grant me to lay low the body of the Phrygian eunuch, with strong hand to tear and rend away his corslet, and to defile in dust his locks, crisped with heated iron and drenched in myrrh!" + }, + { + "id": 17165, + "la": "his agitur furiis, totoque ardentis ab ore scintillae absistunt, oculis micat acribus ignis, mugitus veluti cum prima in proelia taurus terrificos ciet atque irasci in cornua temptat arboris obnixus trunco, ventosque lacessit ictibus aut sparsa ad pugnam proludit harena", + "en": "Such is the frenzy driving him: from all his face shoot fiery sparks; his eager eyes flash flame'even as a bull, before the battle begins, raises a fearful bellowing, and, as he tries to throw wrath into his horns, charges a trees trunk; he lashes the winds with his blows, and paws the sand in prelude for the fray." + }, + { + "id": 17166, + "la": "Nec minus interea maternis saevus in armis Aeneas acuit Martem et se suscitat ira, oblato gaudens componi foedere bellum", + "en": "No less, meantime, Aeneas, fierce in the arms his mother gave, whets his valour and rouses his heart with wrath, rejoicing that the war is being settled by the compact offered." + }, + { + "id": 17167, + "la": "tum socios maestique metum solatur Iuli fata docens, regique iubet responsa Latino certa referre viros et pacis dicere leges", + "en": "Then he comforts his comrades, and sad Ilus fear, expounding the fates, and bids them bear firm answer to King Latinus and declare the terms of peace." + }, + { + "id": 17168, + "la": "Postera vix summos spargebat lumine montis orta dies, cum primum alto se gurgite tollunt Solis equi lucemque elatis naribus efflant: campum ad certamen magnae sub moenibus urbis dimensi Rutulique viri Teucrique parabant in medioque focos et dis communibus aras gramineas", + "en": "The next dawn was just beginning to sprinkle the mountain tops with light, at the time when the Suns steeds first rise from the deep flood, and breathe light from raised nostrils: Rutulians and Teucrians had measured the field for the combat under the great citys walls, and in the middle were preparing hearths and grassy altars to their common deities." + }, + { + "id": 17169, + "la": "alii fontemque ignemque ferebant velati limo et verbena tempora vincti", + "en": "Others were bringing fountain water and fire, draped in aprons and their brows bound with vervain." + }, + { + "id": 17170, + "la": "procedit legio Ausonidum, pilataque plenis agmina se fundunt portis", + "en": "The Ausonian host comes forth, and the troops, close-ranked, pour from the crowded gates." + }, + { + "id": 17171, + "la": "hinc Trous omnis Tyrrhenusque ruit variis exercitus armis, haud secus instructi ferro quam si aspera Martis pugna vocet", + "en": "On this side streams forth all the Trojan and Tyrrhene host in diverse accoutrements, armed in steel as if the harsh battle strife called them." + }, + { + "id": 17172, + "la": "nec non mediis in milibus ipsi ductores auro volitant ostroque superbi, et genus Assaraci Mnestheus et fortis Asilas et Messapus equum domitor, Neptunia proles; utque dato signo spatia in sua quisque recessit, defigunt tellure hastas et scuta reclinant", + "en": "No less, amid their thousands, do the captains dart to and fro, brilliant in gold and purple, Mnestheus of the line of Assaracus, and brave Asilas, and Messapus, tamer of horses, seed of Neptune. As soon as, on the given signal, each has retired to his own ground, they plant their spears in the earth, and rest their shields against them." + }, + { + "id": 17173, + "la": "tum studio effusae matres et vulgus inermum invalidique senes turris ac tecta domorum obsedere, alii portis sublimibus astant", + "en": "Then, eagerly streaming forth, mothers and the unarmed throng, and feeble old men, have beset towers and housetops; others stand upon the lofty gates." + }, + { + "id": 17174, + "la": "At Iuno ex summo (qui nunc Albanus habetur; tum neque nomen erat neque honos aut gloria monti) prospiciens tumulo campum aspectabat et ambas Laurentum Troumque acies urbemque Latini", + "en": "But Juno, from the hill now called Alban'at that time the mount had neither name nor fame nor honour'looking forth, gazed upon the plain, upon the double lines of Laurentum and Troy, and upon the city of Latinus." + }, + { + "id": 17175, + "la": "extemplo Turni sic est adfata sororem diva deam, stagnis quae fluminibusque sonoris praesidet (hunc illi rex aetheris altus honorem Iuppiter erepta pro virginitate sacravit): nympha, decus fluviorum, animo gratissima nostro, scis ut te cunctis unam, quaecumque Latinae magnanimi Iovis ingratum ascendere cubile, praetulerim caelique libens in parte locarim: disce tuum, ne me incuses, Iuturna, dolorem", + "en": "Straightway, goddess to goddess, she spoke thus to Turnus sister, mistress of the ponds and sounding rivers: this honour Jupiter, heavens high lord, assigned to her in return for theft of maidenhood: Nymph, glory of rivers, most dear to my heart, you know how, above all Latin maids that have mounted to great-hearted Joves thankless bed, I have preferred you alone, and have gladly given you a place in heaven: learn, Juturna, the grief that will be yours, lest you blame me." + }, + { + "id": 17176, + "la": "qua visa est Fortuna pati Parcaeque sinebant cedere res Latio, Turnum et tua moenia texi; nunc iuvenem imparibus video concurrere fatis, Parcarumque dies et vis inimica propinquat", + "en": "Where Fortune seemed to permit, and the Fates suffered Latiums state to prosper, I shielded Turnus and your city. Now I see the prince confront unequal destiny; the day of doom, and the enemys stroke, draws nigh." + }, + { + "id": 17177, + "la": "non pugnam aspicere hanc oculis, non foedera possum", + "en": "Upon this battle, this treaty, my eyes cannot look:" + }, + { + "id": 17178, + "la": "tu pro germano si quid praesentius audes, perge; decet", + "en": "you, if you dare to do anything of more present help for your brother, go on; it befits you." + }, + { + "id": 17179, + "la": "forsan miseros meliora sequentur.", + "en": "Perhaps happier days will come to those who are now unhappy." + }, + { + "id": 17180, + "la": "Vix ea, cum lacrimas oculis Iuturna profudit terque quaterque manu pectus percussit honestum", + "en": "Scarcely had she said this when Juturnas eyes streamed with tears, and thrice, even four times her hand smote her comely breast." + }, + { + "id": 17181, + "la": "non lacrimis hoc tempus ait Saturnia Iuno: accelera et fratrem, si quis modus, eripe morti; aut tu bella cie conceptumque excute foedus", + "en": "This is no time for tears, cries Saturnian Juno; hasten, and if there is any way, snatch your brother from death; or rouse battle, and strike from their hands the treaty they have framed." + }, + { + "id": 17182, + "la": "auctor ego audendi.", + "en": "I it is who bid you dare." + }, + { + "id": 17183, + "la": "sic exhortata reliquit incertam et tristi turbatam vulnere mentis", + "en": "Having counselled thus, she left her doubtful and distracted by the cruel wound to her heart." + }, + { + "id": 17184, + "la": "Interea reges ingenti mole Latinus quadriiugo vehitur curru (cui tempora circum aurati bis sex radii fulgentia cingunt, Solis avi specimen), bigis it Turnus in albis, bina manu lato crispans hastilia ferro", + "en": "Meanwhile the kings ride forth, Latinus drawn in four-horse chariot of immense size, twelve golden rays circling his gleaming brows, emblem of his ancestor the Sun; Turnus drives behind a snow-white pair, his hand brandishing two spears with broad heads of steel." + }, + { + "id": 17185, + "la": "hinc pater Aeneas, Romanae stirpis origo, sidereo flagrans clipeo et caelestibus armis et iuxta Ascanius, magnae spes altera Romae, procedunt castris, puraque in veste sacerdos saetigeri fetum suis intonsamque bidentem attulit admovitque pecus flagrantibus aris", + "en": "On this side father Aeneas, source of the Roman stock, ablaze with starry shield and celestial arms, and beside him Ascanius, second hope of mighty Rome, issue from the camp; while a priest in spotless raiment has brought the young of a bristly boar and an unshorn sheep of two years old, and set the beasts beside the blazing altars." + }, + { + "id": 17186, + "la": "illi ad surgentem conversi lumina solem dant fruges manibus salsas et tempora ferro summa notant pecudum, paterisque altaria libant", + "en": "The heroes, turning their eyes to the rising sun, sprinkle salted meal from their hands, mark the foreheads of the victims with the knife, and from goblets pour libations on the altars." + }, + { + "id": 17187, + "la": "tum pius Aeneas stricto sic ense precatur: Esto nunc Sol testis et haec mihi terra vocanti, quam propter tantos potui perferre labores, et pater omnipotens et tu Saturnia coniunx (iam melior, iam, diva, precor), tuque inclute Mavors, cuncta tuo qui bella, pater, sub numine torques; fontisque fluviosque voco, quaeque aetheris alti religio et quae caeruleo sunt numina ponto: cesserit Ausonio si fors victoria Turno, convenit Euandri victos discedere ad urbem, cedet Iulus agris, nec post arma ulla rebelles Aeneadae referent ferrove haec regna lacessent", + "en": "Then loyal Aeneas, drawing his sword, thus makes prayer: Let the Sun now be witness to my call, and this land, for whose sake I have been able to endure such travails, and the Father Almighty, and you, Saturnia, his consort'kinder now at last, I pray, goddess: and you, famed Mavors, you, father, who wield all warfare under your sway; and on Founts and Floods I call, on all the majesty of high heaven and the powers that belong to the blue seas: if by chance victory falls to Turnus the Ausonian, it is agreed that the vanquished withdraw to Evanders city. Ilus shall quit the land; and never in after time shall the sons of Aeneas return for renewed war, or attack this realm with the sword." + }, + { + "id": 17188, + "la": "sin nostrum adnuerit nobis victoria Martem (ut potius reor et potius di numine firment), non ego nec Teucris Italos parere iubebo nec mihi regna peto: paribus se legibus ambae invictae gentes aeterna in foedera mittant", + "en": "But if Victory grant that the battle be ours'as I think more likely, and may the gods so confirm it with their power!'I will not bid the Italians be subject to Teucrians, nor do I seek the realm for mine; under equal terms let both nations, unconquered, enter upon an everlasting compact." + }, + { + "id": 17189, + "la": "sacra deosque dabo; socer arma Latinus habeto, imperium sollemne socer; mihi moenia Teucri constituent urbique dabit Lavinia nomen.", + "en": "I will give gods and their rites; Latinus, my father-in-law, is to keep the sword; my father-in-law is to keephis wonted command. The Teucrians shall raise walls for me, and Lavinia give the city her name." + }, + { + "id": 17190, + "la": "Sic prior Aeneas, sequitur sic deinde Latinus suspiciens caelum, tenditque ad sidera dextram: haec eadem, Aenea, terram, mare, sidera, iuro Latonaeque genus duplex Ianumque bifrontem, vimque deum infernam et duri sacraria Ditis; audiat haec genitor qui foedera fulmine sancit", + "en": "Thus first Aeneas speaks, and after him Latinus thus follows, lifting eyes to heaven, and stretching his right hand to the stars: By these same Powers I swear, Aeneas, by earth, sea, stars, Latonas twofold offspring, and two-faced Janus, and the might of gods below, and the shrines of cruel Dis: may the great Sire hear my words, who sanctions treaties with his thunderbolt!" + }, + { + "id": 17191, + "la": "tango aras, medios ignis et numina testor: nulla dies pacem hanc Italis nec foedera rumpet, quo res cumque cadent; nec me vis ulla volentem avertet, non, si tellurem effundat in undas diluvio miscens caelumque in Tartara solvat, ut sceptrum hoc (dextra sceptrum nam forte gerebat) numquam fronde levi fundet virgulta nec umbras, cum semel in silvis imo de stirpe recisum matre caret posuitque comas et bracchia ferro, olim arbos, nunc artificis manus aere decoro inclusit patribusque dedit gestare Latinis.", + "en": "I touch the altars, I adjure these fires and gods that stand between us: no time shall break this peace and truce for Italy, however things befall; nor shall any force turn aside my will, not though, commingling all in deluge, it plunge land into water, and dissolve Heaven into Hell: just as this sceptre 12 (for by chance in his hand he held his sceptre) shall never sprout with light foliage into branch or shade, now that, once hewn in the forest from the lowest stem, it is bereft of its mother, and beneath the steel has shed its leaves and twigs; once a tree, now the craftsmans hand has cased it in fine bronze and given it to the elders of Latium to bear." + }, + { + "id": 17192, + "la": "talibus inter se firmabant foedera dictis conspectu in medio procerum", + "en": "With such words they sealed the treaty between them, in full view of the leaders;" + }, + { + "id": 17193, + "la": "tum rite sacratas in flammam iugulant pecudes et viscera vivis eripiunt, cumulantque oneratis lancibus aras", + "en": "then over the flame they slay the duly hallowed beasts, and tear out the live entrails, and pile the altars with laden dishes." + }, + { + "id": 17194, + "la": "At vero Rutulis impar ea pugna videri iamdudum et vario misceri pectora motu, tum magis ut propius cernunt non viribus aequis", + "en": "But to the Rutulians the battle had long seemed unequal, and their hearts, swayed to and fro, had long been in turmoil; all the more now, when they beheld the combatants at closer view in ill-matched strength." + }, + { + "id": 17195, + "la": "adiuvat incessu tacito progressus et aram suppliciter venerans demisso lumine Turnus tabentesque genae et iuvenali in corpore pallor", + "en": "Turnus swells the unrest by advancing with noiseless tread and as a suppliant venerating the altar with downcast eye'swells it by his wasted cheeks and by the pallor of his youthful frame." + }, + { + "id": 17196, + "la": "quem simul ac Iuturna soror crebrescere vidit sermonem et vulgi variare labantia corda, in medias acies formam adsimulata Camerti, cui genus a proavis ingens clarumque paternae nomen erat virtutis, et ipse acerrimus armis, in medias dat sese acies haud nescia rerum rumoresque serit varios ac talia fatur: non pudet, o Rutuli, pro cunctis talibus unam obiectare animam? numerone an viribus aequi non sumus? en, omnes et Troes et Arcades hi sunt, fatalesque manus, infensa Etruria Turno: vix hostem, alterni si congrediamur, habemus", + "en": "As soon as Juturna his sister saw these whispers spread, and the hearts of the throng wavering in doubt, into the midmost ranks, in feigned semblance of Camers'noble his ancestral house, glorious the renown of his fathers worth, and he himself most valiant in arms'into the midmost ranks she comes, knowing well her task, scatters diverse rumours, and speaks these words: Are you not ashamed, Rutulians, to set one mans life at hazard for so many men? Are we not their match in numbers and in might? See, all of them are here, both Trojans and Arcadians, and the fate-led troops of Etruria, hostile to Turnus: even if only every other man of us joins battle, there is scarcely an enemy for each of us." + }, + { + "id": 17197, + "la": "ille quidem ad superos, quorum se devovet aris, succedet fama vivusque per ora feretur; nos patria amissa dominis parere superbis cogemur, qui nunc lenti consedimus arvis.", + "en": "Turnus will mount on fame to the gods, on whose altars he has dedicated his life, and shall endure on the lips of men: but we, our country lost, will submit perforce to haughty masters'we, who today sit listless in the fields!" + }, + { + "id": 17198, + "la": "Talibus incensa est iuvenum sententia dictis iam magis atque magis, serpitque per agmina murmur: ipsi Laurentes mutati ipsique Latini", + "en": "With such words the warriors resolve is kindled yet more and more, and a murmur creeps from rank to rank. Even the Laurentines, even the Latins are changed;" + }, + { + "id": 17199, + "la": "qui sibi iam requiem pugnae rebusque salutem sperabant, nunc arma volunt foedusque precantur infectum et Turni sortem miserantur iniquam", + "en": "and they who but lately hoped for rest from the fray, and safety for their fortunes, now long for arms, pray that the covenant be undone, and pity Turnus unjust fate." + }, + { + "id": 17200, + "la": "", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 17201, + "la": "his aliud maius Iuturna adiungit et alto dat signum caelo, quo non praesentius ullum turbavit mentes Italas monstroque fefellit", + "en": "To these Juturna adds another and mightier impulse, and in high heaven shows a sign, than which none was more potent to confound Italian minds and cheat them with its miracle." + }, + { + "id": 17202, + "la": "namque volans rubra fulvus Iovis ales in aethra litoreas agitabat avis turbamque sonantem agminis aligeri, subito cum lapsus ad undas cycnum excellentem pedibus rapit improbus uncis", + "en": "Flying through the ruddy sky, Joves golden bird was chasing the fowls of the shore and the clamorous rout of their winged troop, when, swooping suddenly to the water, he shamelessly snatches up in his crooked talons the leader swan." + }, + { + "id": 17203, + "la": "arrexere animos Itali, cunctaeque volucres convertunt clamore fugam (mirabile visu), aetheraque obscurant pennis hostemque per auras facta nube premunt, donec vi victus et ipso pondere defecit praedamque ex unguibus ales proiecit fluvio, penitusque in nubila fugit", + "en": "The Italians become alert and, wondrous to behold, all the birds clamorously wheel their flight and, darkening the sky with wings, in serried cloud drive their foe through the air till, overborne by the onset and the sheer weight, the bird gave way, dropped the booty from his talons into the stream, and sped deep into the clouds." + }, + { + "id": 17204, + "la": "Tum vero augurium Rutuli clamore salutant expediuntque manus, primusque Tolumnius augur hoc erat, hoc votis inquit quod saepe petivi", + "en": "Then in truth the Rutulians hail the omen with a cheer and spread out their hands. 14 And first of all Tolumnius the augur cries: This it was, this, that my prayers have often sought!" + }, + { + "id": 17205, + "la": "accipio agnoscoque deos; me, me duce ferrum corripite, o miseri, quos improbus advena bello territat invalidas ut avis, et litora vestra vi populat", + "en": "I accept it, I acknowledge the gods. With me, me, at your head, snatch up the sword, hapless people, whom, like frail birds, a shameless alien affrights with war, and violently ravages your coasts." + }, + { + "id": 17206, + "la": "petet ille fugam penitusque profundo vela dabit", + "en": "He too will take to flight, and spread sail far across the deep." + }, + { + "id": 17207, + "la": "vos unanimi densete catervas et regem vobis pugna defendite raptum.", + "en": "With one accord close up your ranks, and in battle defend the king who has been snatched from you!" + }, + { + "id": 17208, + "la": "Dixit, et adversos telum contorsit in hostis procurrens; sonitum dat stridula cornus et auras certa secat", + "en": "He spoke, and, darting forward, hurled his spear full against the foe; the whistling cornel shaft sings, and splits the air, unerring." + }, + { + "id": 17209, + "la": "simul hoc, simul ingens clamor et omnes turbati cunei calefactaque corda tumultu", + "en": "At this deed, at once rises a mighty shout, the crowds are all confusion, and their hearts hot with turmoil." + }, + { + "id": 17210, + "la": "hasta volans, ut forte novem pulcherrima fratrum corpora constiterant contra, quos fida crearat una tot Arcadio coniunx Tyrrhena Gylippo,", + "en": "The spear flew on where, as it chanced, nine brothers of fine stature stood in its path'all of them his one faithful Tuscan wife had borne to Arcadian Gylippus." + }, + { + "id": 17211, + "la": "horum unum ad medium, teritur qua sutilis alvo balteus et laterum iuncturas fibula mordet, egregium forma iuvenem et fulgentibus armis, transadigit costas fulvaque effundit harena", + "en": "One of these near the waist, where the stitched belt chafes the belly, and the buckle bites the linked sides 15 'a youth of comely form and gleaming armour'it pierces clean through the ribs and stretches on the yellow sand." + }, + { + "id": 17212, + "la": "at fratres, animosa phalanx accensaque luctu, pars gladios stringunt manibus, pars missile ferrum corripiunt caecique ruunt", + "en": "But his brothers'a gallant band, and fired by grief'some draw their swords, some seize their spears, and rush blindly on." + }, + { + "id": 17213, + "la": "quos agmina contra procurrunt Laurentum, hinc densi rursus inundant Troes Agyllinique et pictis Arcades armis: sic omnis amor unus habet decernere ferro", + "en": "Against them charge the Laurentine columns; from the other side again Trojans and Agyllines pour thickly in and Arcadians with blazoned arms. Thus all are ruled by one passion'to let the sword decide." + }, + { + "id": 17214, + "la": "diripuere aras, it toto turbida caelo tempestas telorum ac ferreus ingruit imber, craterasque focosque ferunt", + "en": "They have stripped the altars; through the whole sky flies a thickening storm of javelins and the iron rain falls fast; bowls and hearth fires are carried off." + }, + { + "id": 17215, + "la": "fugit ipse Latinus pulsatos referens infecto foedere divos", + "en": "Latinus himself takes flight, carrying away his defeated gods, the covenant now void;" + }, + { + "id": 17216, + "la": "infrenant alii currus aut corpora saltu subiciunt in equos et strictis ensibus adsunt", + "en": "the others rein their chariots or leap on to their horses and with drawn swords stand ready." + }, + { + "id": 17217, + "la": "Messapus regem regisque insigne gerentem Tyrrhenum Aulesten, avidus confundere foedus, adverso proterret equo; ruit ille recedens et miser oppositis a tergo involvitur aris in caput inque umeros", + "en": "Messapus, eager to destroy the truce, with charging steed scares off Tuscan Aulestes, a king 16 and wearing a kings device. As he backs away, he trips and falls, poor wretch, on his head and shoulders on to the altars behind him." + }, + { + "id": 17218, + "la": "at fervidus advolat hasta Messapus teloque orantem multa trabali desuper altus equo graviter ferit atque ita fatur: hoc habet, haec melior magnis data victima divis.", + "en": "Messapus flashes forth like fire, spear in hand, and, high on his horse, strikes heavily down upon him with massive spear, though sorely he pleads; then he speaks thus: Hes had it, this nobler victim given to the mighty gods!" + }, + { + "id": 17219, + "la": "concurrunt Itali spoliantque calentia membra", + "en": "The Italians crowd around and despoil his body before it is cold." + }, + { + "id": 17220, + "la": "obvius ambustum torrem Corynaeus ab ara corripit et venienti Ebyso plagamque ferenti occupat os flammis: olli ingens barba reluxit nidoremque ambusta dedit", + "en": "Standing in their path, Corynaeus snatches up a charred brand from the altar and, as Ebysus comes up and aims a blow, dashes flames in his face: his mighty beard blazed up, and sent forth a smell of burning." + }, + { + "id": 17221, + "la": "super ipse secutus caesariem laeva turbati corripit hostis impressoque genu nitens terrae applicat ipsum; sic rigido latus ense ferit", + "en": "Then himself pursuing the stroke, he clutches in his left hand the locks of his bewildered foe, and with a thrust of his bended knee brings his body to the earth, and there strikes his side with unyielding sword." + }, + { + "id": 17222, + "la": "Podalirius Alsum pastorem primaque acie per tela ruentem ense sequens nudo superimminet; ille securi adversi frontem mediam mentumque reducta disicit et sparso late rigat arma cruore", + "en": "Podalirius, pursuing with naked steel, towers over the shepherd Alsus as in foremost line he rushes through the darts; but Alsus, swinging back his axe, cuts through the middle of his enemys brow and chin, and drenches his armour with widely spattered gore." + }, + { + "id": 17223, + "la": "olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget somnus, in aeternam conduntur lumina noctem", + "en": "Stern repose and iron slumber press upon his eyes, and their sight is curtained in everlasting night." + }, + { + "id": 17224, + "la": "At pius Aeneas dextram tendebat inermem nudato capite atque suos clamore vocabat: quo ruitis? quaeve ista repens discordia surgit? o cohibete iras! ictum iam foedus et omnes compositae leges", + "en": "But good Aeneas, with head bared, was stretching forth his unarmed hand, and calling loudly to his men: Where are you going? What is this sudden outburst of strife? Curb your rage! The truce has already been struck and all its terms fixed;" + }, + { + "id": 17225, + "la": "mihi ius concurrere soli; me sinite atque auferte metus", + "en": "I alone have the right to do battle. Let me act; banish your fears;" + }, + { + "id": 17226, + "la": "ego foedera faxo firma manu; Turnum debent haec iam mihi sacra.", + "en": "this hand will prove the treaty true; these rites make Turnus already mine!" + }, + { + "id": 17227, + "la": "has inter voces, media inter talia verba ecce viro stridens alis adlapsa sagitta est, incertum qua pulsa manu, quo turbine adacta, quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, attulerit; pressa est insignis gloria facti, nec sese Aeneae iactavit vulnere quisquam", + "en": "Amid these cries, amid such words, against him a whizzing arrow winged its way, launched by what hand, sped whirling by whom, none knows, nor who'chance or god'brought the Rutulians such honour: the fame of that high deed is hidden, and no one boasted of the wounding of Aeneas." + }, + { + "id": 17228, + "la": "Turnus ut Aenean cedentem ex agmine vidit turbatosque duces, subita spe fervidus ardet; poscit equos atque arma simul, saltuque superbus emicat in currum et manibus molitur habenas", + "en": "As soon as Turnus saw Aeneas withdrawing from the ranks, and his captains in confusion, he burns with the fire of sudden hope, calls for horses and arms, with a bound leaps proudly into his chariot, and firmly grasps the reins." + }, + { + "id": 17229, + "la": "multa virum volitans dat fortia corpora leto", + "en": "In his swift course many a brave mans body he gives to death;" + }, + { + "id": 17230, + "la": "seminecis volvit multos: aut agmina curru proterit aut raptas fugientibus ingerit hastas", + "en": "many men he tumbles half-slain, or crushes whole ranks under his chariot, or, seizing spear after spear, showers them upon men trying to escape." + }, + { + "id": 17231, + "la": "qualis apud gelidi cum flumina concitus Hebri sanguineus Mavors clipeo increpat atque furentis bella movens immittit equos, illi aequore aperto ante Notos Zephyrumque volant, gemit ultima pulsu Thraca pedum circumque atrae Formidinis ora Iraeque Insidiaeque, dei comitatus, aguntur: talis equos alacer media inter proelia Turnus fumantis sudore quatit, miserabile caesis hostibus insultans; spargit rapida ungula rores sanguineos mixtaque cruor calcatur harena", + "en": "Just as when by the streams of icy Hebrus blood-stained Mavors, stirred to fury, thunders with his shield and, rousing war, gives rein to his frenzied steeds; over the open plain they outstrip the South Wind and the West; furthest Thrace moans with the beat of their hoofs, and around him speed the forms of black Terror and Anger and Ambush, attendants on the god: with the same eagerness Turnus goads his sweat-smoking horses amid the fray, trampling on the foes, piteously slain; the galloping hoof splashes bloody dews, and spurns the gore and mingled sand." + }, + { + "id": 17232, + "la": "iamque neci Sthenelumque dedit Thamyrumque Pholumque, hunc congressus et hunc, illum eminus; eminus ambo Imbrasidas, Glaucum atque Laden, quos Imbrasus ipse nutrierat Lycia paribusque ornaverat armis vel conferre manum vel equo praevertere ventos", + "en": "And now he has given Sthenelus to death, and Thamyrus, and Pholus, these in close encounter, the first from a distance; from a distance the sons of Imbrasus, Glaucus and Lades, whom Imbrasus himself had nurtured in Lycia and equipped with matched arms, either to fight hand to hand or on horseback to outstrip the winds." + }, + { + "id": 17233, + "la": "Parte alia media Eumedes in proelia fertur, antiqui proles bello praeclara Dolonis, nomine avum referens, animo manibusque parentem, qui quondam, castra ut Danaum speculator adiret, ausus Pelidae pretium sibi poscere currus; illum Tydides alio pro talibus ausis adfecit pretio nec equis aspirat Achilli", + "en": "Elsewhere Eumedes rides into the middle of the fray, war-famed offspring of old Dolon, in name renewing his grandfather, in heart and hand his father, who of old, for going as a spy to the Danaan camp, dared to ask as his reward the chariot of Peleus son; but the son of Tydeus paid him a different reward for his daring and he does not aspire to Achilles horses." + }, + { + "id": 17234, + "la": "hunc procul ut campo Turnus prospexit aperto, ante levi iaculo longum per inane secutus sistit equos biiugis et curru desilit atque semianimi lapsoque supervenit, et pede collo impresso dextrae mucronem extorquet et alto fulgentem tingit iugulo atque haec insuper addit: en agros et, quam bello, Troiane, petisti, Hesperiam metire iacens: haec praemia, qui me ferro ausi temptare, ferunt, sic moenia condunt.", + "en": "When Turnus saw him far off on the open plain, first following him with light javelin through the long space between them, he halts his twin-yoked horses and leaps from his chariot, descends on the fallen, dying man and, planting his foot on his neck, wrests the sword from his hand, dyes the glittering blade deep in his throat, and adds these words besides: See, Trojan, the fields and that Hesperia that you sought in war: lie there and measure them out! This is the reward of those who dare to tempt me with the sword; so do they establish their walls!" + }, + { + "id": 17235, + "la": "huic comitem Asbyten coniecta cuspide mittit Chloreaque Sybarimque Daretaque Thersilochumque et sternacis equi lapsum cervice Thymoeten", + "en": "Then with cast of spear he sends Asbytes to keep him company, and Chloreus and Sybaris, Dares and Thersilochus, and Thymoetes, flung from the neck of his restive horse." + }, + { + "id": 17236, + "la": "ac velut Edoni Boreae cum spiritus alto insonat Aegaeo sequiturque ad litora fluctus, qua venti incubuere, fugam dant nubila caelo: sic Turno, quacumque viam secat, agmina cedunt conversaeque ruunt acies; fert impetus ipsum et cristam adverso curru quatit aura volantem", + "en": "And as when the blast of the Edonian North Wind roars on the deep Aegean and drives the billows shoreward; where the winds swoop, the clouds scud through the sky: so, wherever Turnus cleaves a path, the ranks give way and lines turn and run; his own speed bears him on, and the breeze, as his chariot meets it, tosses his flying plume." + }, + { + "id": 17237, + "la": "non tulit instantem Phegeus animisque frementem obiecit sese ad currum et spumantia frenis ora citatorum dextra detorsit equorum", + "en": "Phegeus could not meet his attack and fiery rage; he flung himself in front of the chariot and with his right hand wrenched aside the jaws of the furious horses, foaming on the bits." + }, + { + "id": 17238, + "la": "dum trahitur pendetque iugis, hunc lata retectum lancea consequitur rumpitque infixa bilicem loricam et summum degustat vulnere corpus", + "en": "While he is dragged along clinging to the yoke, the broad spearhead reaches his unguarded side, rends the two-plated corslet where it has lodged, and with its wound just grazes the surface of the flesh." + }, + { + "id": 17239, + "la": "ille tamen clipeo obiecto conversus in hostem ibat et auxilium ducto mucrone petebat, cum rota praecipitem et procursu concitus axis impulit effunditque solo, Turnusque secutus imam inter galeam summi thoracis et oras abstulit ense caput truncumque reliquit harenae", + "en": "Yet he, with his shield before him, turned and was making for his foe, seeking aid from his drawn sword, when the wheel and axle, whirling onward, struck him headlong and flung him to the ground, and Turnus, following, with sweepof blade between the helmets lowest rim and the breastplates upper edge, struck off his head, and left the body on the sand." + }, + { + "id": 17240, + "la": "Atque ea dum campis victor dat funera Turnus, interea Aenean Mnestheus et fidus Achates Ascaniusque comes castris statuere cruentum alternos longa nitentem cuspide gressus spear", + "en": "And while Turnus victoriously deals this havoc over the plains, meantime Mnestheus and loyal Achates, and Ascanius by their side, set Aeneas down in the camp, bleeding and supporting every other step with his long" + }, + { + "id": 17241, + "la": "saevit et infracta luctatur harundine telum eripere auxilioque viam, quae proxima, poscit: ense secent lato vulnus telique latebram rescindant penitus, seseque in bella remittant", + "en": "Raging, he struggles to pluck out the head of the broken shaft, and calls for the nearest means of relief, bidding them with broad sword cut the wound, tear open to the bottom the weapons lair, and send him back to battle." + }, + { + "id": 17242, + "la": "iamque aderat Phoebo ante alios dilectus Iapyx Iasides, acri quondam cui captus amore ipse suas artis, sua munera, laetus Apollo augurium citharamque dabat celerisque sagittas", + "en": "And now Iapyx drew near, Iasus son, dearest beyond others to Phoebus, to whom once Apollo himself, smitten with loves sting, gladly offered his own arts, his own powers'his augury, his lyre, and his swift arrows." + }, + { + "id": 17243, + "la": "ille, ut depositi proferret fata parentis, scire potestates herbarum usumque medendi maluit et mutas agitare inglorius artis", + "en": "He, to defer the fate of a father sick unto death, chose rather to know the virtues of herbs and the practice of healing, and to ply, inglorious, the silent arts." + }, + { + "id": 17244, + "la": "stabat acerba fremens ingentem nixus in hastam Aeneas magno iuvenum et maerentis Iuli concursu, lacrimis immobilis", + "en": "Bitterly chafing, Aeneas stood propped on his mighty spear, amid a great concourse of warriors along with sorrowing Iulus, himself unmoved by their tears." + }, + { + "id": 17245, + "la": "ille retorto Paeonium in morem senior succinctus amictu multa manu medica Phoebique potentibus herbis nequiquam trepidat, nequiquam spicula dextra sollicitat prensatque tenaci forcipe ferrum", + "en": "The aged healer, with robe rolled back, and girt in Paeonian fashion, with healing hand and Phoebus potent herbs works hard'in vain; in vain with his hand he pulls at the arrow, and with gripping tongs tugs at the steel." + }, + { + "id": 17246, + "la": "nulla viam Fortuna regit, nihil auctor Apollo subvenit, et saevus campis magis ac magis horror crebrescit propiusque malum est", + "en": "No Fortune guides his path, no help does Apollos counsel give; and more and more the fierce alarm swells over the plains, and disaster draws closer." + }, + { + "id": 17247, + "la": "iam pulvere caelum stare vident: subeunt equites et spicula castris densa cadunt mediis", + "en": "Now they see the sky supported on columns of dust; on come the horsemen, and shafts fall thick in the middle of the camp." + }, + { + "id": 17248, + "la": "it tristis ad aethera clamor bellantum iuvenum et duro sub Marte cadentum", + "en": "The dismal cry rises to heaven, of men that fight and men that fall beneath the stern War Gods hand." + }, + { + "id": 17249, + "la": "Hic Venus indigno nati concussa dolore dictamnum genetrix Cretaea carpit ab Ida, puberibus caulem foliis et flore comantem purpureo; non illa feris incognita capris gramina, cum tergo volucres haesere sagittae", + "en": "At this Venus, shaken by her sons cruel pain, with a mothers care plucks from Cretan Ida dittany clothed with downy leaves and purple flower; that herb is not unknown to wild goats, when winged arrows have lodged in their flank." + }, + { + "id": 17250, + "la": "hoc Venus obscuro faciem circumdata nimbo detulit, hoc fusum labris splendentibus amnem inficit occulte medicans, spargitque salubris ambrosiae sucos et odoriferam panaceam", + "en": "This Venus carried down, her face veiled in dim mist; this she steeps with secret healing in river water poured into a bright-brimming ewer, and sprinkles ambrosias healing juices and fragrant panacea." + }, + { + "id": 17251, + "la": "fovit ea vulnus lympha longaevus Iapyx ignorans, subitoque omnis de corpore fugit quippe dolor, omnis stetit imo vulnere sanguis", + "en": "With this water aged Iapyx bathed the wound, unwitting; and suddenly, in truth, all pain fled from the body, all blood was staunched deep in the wound." + }, + { + "id": 17252, + "la": "iamque secuta manum, nullo cogente, sagitta excidit, atque novae rediere in pristina vires", + "en": "And now, following his hand, with no force applied, the arrow fell out, and new strength returned, as it was before." + }, + { + "id": 17253, + "la": "arma citi properate viro! quid statis? Iapyx conclamat primusque animos accendit in hostem", + "en": "Quick! Bring him arms! Why stand there? cries Iapyx loudly, and is the first to fire their spirit against the foe." + }, + { + "id": 17254, + "la": "non haec humanis opibus, non arte magistra proveniunt, neque te, Aenea, mea dextera servat: maior agit deus atque opera ad maiora remittit.", + "en": "Not by mortal aid does this cure come, not by the art that guides me, nor is it my hand that saves you, Aeneas; a mightier one'a god'is at work, and sends you back to mightier deeds." + }, + { + "id": 17255, + "la": "ille avidus pugnae suras incluserat auro hinc atque hinc oditque moras hastamque coruscat", + "en": "Eager for the fray, Aeneas had sheathed his legs in gold on this side and that and, scorning delay, is brandishing his spear." + }, + { + "id": 17256, + "la": "postquam habilis lateri clipeus loricaque tergo est, Ascanium fusis circum complectitur armis summaque per galeam delibans oscula fatur: disce, puer, virtutem ex me verumque laborem, fortunam ex aliis", + "en": "As soon as the shield is fitted to his side and the corslet to his back, he clasps Ascanius in armed embrace and, lightly kissing his lips through the helmet, says: Learn valour from me, my son, and true toil; fortune from others." + }, + { + "id": 17257, + "la": "nunc te mea dextera bello defensum dabit et magna inter praemia ducet", + "en": "Today my hand will shield you in war and lead you to great rewards:" + }, + { + "id": 17258, + "la": "tu facito, mox cum matura adoleverit aetas, sis memor et te animo repetentem exempla tuorum et pater Aeneas et avunculus excitet Hector.", + "en": "see to it, when later your years have grown to ripeness, that you remember, and, as you recall the example set by your kinsmen, that your father Aeneas and your uncle Hector stir your soul!" + }, + { + "id": 17259, + "la": "Haec ubi dicta dedit, portis sese extulit ingens, telum immane manu quatiens; simul agmine denso Antheusque Mnestheusque ruunt, omnisque relictis turba fluit castris", + "en": "When he had spoken these words, he rushed out through the gates in all his might, brandishing a massive spear in his hand: with him rush Antheus and Mnestheus in serried column, and all the throng streams out of the forsaken camp." + }, + { + "id": 17260, + "la": "tum caeco pulvere campus miscetur pulsuque pedum tremit excita tellus", + "en": "Then the plain is a turmoil of blinding dust, and the startled earth trembles under the tramp of feet." + }, + { + "id": 17261, + "la": "vidit ab adverso venientis aggere Turnus, videre Ausonii, gelidusque per ima cucurrit ossa tremor; prima ante omnis Iuturna Latinos audiit agnovitque sonum et tremefacta refugit", + "en": "From the facing rampart Turnus saw them coming; the Ausonians saw, and a cold shudder ran through the marrow of their bones; first before all the Latins Juturna heard and knew the sound, and in terror fled away." + }, + { + "id": 17262, + "la": "ille volat campoque atrum rapit agmen aperto", + "en": "Aeneas swoops ahead and races his dark column over the open plain." + }, + { + "id": 17263, + "la": "qualis ubi ad terras abrup to sidere nimbus it mare per medium (miseris, heu, praescia longe horrescunt corda agricolis: dabit ille ruinas arboribus stragemque satis, ruet omnia late), ante volant sonitumque ferunt ad litora venti: talis in adversos ductor Rhoeteus hostis agmen agit, densi cuneis se quisque coactis adglomerant", + "en": "As when a tempest bursts, and a storm cloud moves towards land over the deepsea, the hearts of hapless husbandmen, alas! know it from afar and shudder'it will bring downfall to trees and havoc to crops, it will overthrow everything far and wide'before it the winds fly, and carry their voices shoreward: just so the Rhoetean chief brings up his band full against the foe; densely they gather, one and all, to his side in close-packed columns." + }, + { + "id": 17264, + "la": "ferit ense gravem Thymbraeus Osirim, Arcetium Mnestheus, Epulonem obtruncat Achates Ufentemque Gyas; cadit ipse Tolumnius augur, primus in adversos telum qui torserat hostis", + "en": "Thymbraeus smites mighty Osiris with the sword, Mnestheus slays Arcetius, Achates Epulo, Gyas Ufens; even the augur Tolumnius falls, who had been the first to hurl his spear full against the foe." + }, + { + "id": 17265, + "la": "tollitur in caelum clamor, versique vicissim pulverulenta fuga Rutuli dant terga per agros", + "en": "A shout rises to heaven, and in turn the routed Rutulians turn their backs in clouds of dust, in flight across the fields." + }, + { + "id": 17266, + "la": "ipse neque aversos dignatur sternere morti nec pede congressos nec equo nec tela ferentis insequitur: solum densa in caligine Turnum vestigat lustrans, solum in certamina poscit", + "en": "Aeneas himself does not deign to lay low the fugitives in death nor does he attack those who meet him on foot or on horse or wield their weapons: Turnus alone he tracks through the thick gloom with searching glance, Turnus alone he summons to battle." + }, + { + "id": 17267, + "la": "Hoc concussa metu mentem Iuturna virago aurigam Turni media inter lora Metiscum excutit et longe lapsum temone reliquit;", + "en": "Stricken in heart with fear at this, Juturna the warrior maid strikes Metiscus, Turnus charioteer, out from among the reins, and leaves him far off, fallen from the pole;" + }, + { + "id": 17268, + "la": "ipsa subit manibusque undantis flectit habenas cuncta gerens, vocemque et corpus et arma Metisci", + "en": "she herself takes his place, and guides with her hands the flowing thongs, assuming all that belonged to Meniscus'his voice, form, weapons." + }, + { + "id": 17269, + "la": "nigra velut magnas domini cum divitis aedes pervolat et pennis alta atria lustrat hirundo pabula parva legens nidisque loquacibus escas, et nunc porticibus vacuis, nunc umida circum stagna sonat: similis medios Iuturna per hostis fertur equis rapidoque volans obit omnia curru, iamque hic germanum iamque hic ostentat ovantem nec conferre manum patitur, volat avia longe", + "en": "As when a black swallow flits through a rich lords great mansion and wings her way through lofty halls, gleaning for her chirping nestlings tiny crumbs and scraps of food, and twitters now in the empty courts, now about the watery pools: just so Juturna is borne by the steeds through the midst of the enemy, and winging her way in swift chariot scours all the field. And nowhere, and now there, she gives glimpses of her triumphant brother, but does not allow him to close in fight, but flits far away." + }, + { + "id": 17270, + "la": "haud minus Aeneas tortos legit obvius orbis, vestigatque virum et disiecta per agmina magna voce vocat", + "en": "None the less Aeneas threads the winding maze to meet him, and tracks his steps, and among the scattered ranks loudly calls him." + }, + { + "id": 17271, + "la": "quotiens oculos coniecit in hostem alipedumque fugam cursu temptavit equorum, aversos totiens currus Iuturna retorsit", + "en": "As often as he cast eyes on his foe and strove by running to match the flight of the fleet-footed horses, so often did Juturna turn and wheel her car." + }, + { + "id": 17272, + "la": "heu, quid agat? vario nequiquam fluctuat aestu, diversaeque vocant animum in contraria curae", + "en": "Alas, what is he to do? Vainly he tosses on a shifting tide, and conflicting cares call his mind this way and that." + }, + { + "id": 17273, + "la": "huic Messapus, uti laeva duo forte gerebat lenta, levis cursu, praefixa hastilia ferro, horum unum certo contorquens derigit ictu", + "en": "Against him Messapus, who chanced to be carrying in his left hand two tough spears tipped with steel, lightly advancing, levels one and whirls it with unerring stroke." + }, + { + "id": 17274, + "la": "substitit Aeneas et se collegit in arma poplite subsidens; apicem tamen incita summum hasta tulit summasque excussit vertice cristas", + "en": "Aeneas halted, and gathered himself behind his shield, sinking upon his knee; but the swift spear took off the top of his helmet and dashed the topmost plumes from his head." + }, + { + "id": 17275, + "la": "tum vero adsurgunt irae, insidiisque subactus, diversos ubi sensit equos currumque referri, multa Iovem et laesi testatus foederis aras iam tandem invadit medios et Marte secundo terribilis saevam nullo discrimine caedem suscitat, irarumque omnis effundit habenas", + "en": "Then indeed his wrath swells and driven on by this treachery, when he saw that the horses and chariot of his foe were far away, making many appeals to Jove and the altars of the broken treaty, at last he plunges into the fray and, with the War God supporting him, terribly awakes grim indiscriminate carnage, giving full rein to his anger." + }, + { + "id": 17276, + "la": "Quis mihi nunc tot acerba deus, quis carmine caedes diversas obitumque ducum, quos aequore toto inque vicem nunc Turnus agit, nunc Trous heros, expediat?", + "en": "What god can now unfold for me so many horrors, who in song can tell such diverse deaths, and the fall of captains, whom now Turnus, now the Trojan hero, drives in turn all over the plain?" + }, + { + "id": 17277, + "la": "tanton placuit concurrere motu, Iuppiter, aeterna gentis in pace futuras? Aeneas Rutulum Sucronem (ea prima ruentis pugna loco statuit Teucros) haud multa morantem excipit in latus et, qua fata celerrima, crudum transadigit costas et cratis pectoris ensem", + "en": "Was it your will, Jupiter, that in so vast a shock nations should clash that thereafter would dwell in everlasting peace? Aeneas, meeting Rutulian Sucro'this was the combat that first brought the Trojan attack to a halt'quickly smites him on the flank and drives the cruel steel where death comes speediest, through the ribs that fence the chest." + }, + { + "id": 17278, + "la": "Turnus equo deiectum Amycum fratremque Dioren, congressus pedes, hunc venientem cuspide longa, hunc mucrone ferit, curruque abscisa duorum suspendit capita et rorantia sanguine portat", + "en": "Turnus unhorses Amycus and his brother Diores and, assailing them on foot, strikes the one with a long spear as he advances, the other with his sword; then, hanging from his car the severed heads of the two, he bears them off dripping with blood." + }, + { + "id": 17279, + "la": "ille Talon Tanaimque neci fortemque Cethegum, tris uno congressu, et maestum mittit Oniten, nomen Echionium matrisque genus Peridiae; hic fratres Lycia missos et Apollinis agris et iuvenem exosum nequiquam bella Menoeten, Arcada, piscosae cui circum flumina Lernae ars fuerat pauperque domus nec nota potentum munera, conductaque pater tellure serebat", + "en": "Aeneas sends to death Talos and Tanas and brave Cethegus, three in one onslaught, and sad Onites, of Echionian name, whose mother was Peridia; Turnus kills the brothers sent from Lycia and Apollos fields, 24 and Menoetes of Arcadia, who in youth loathed warfare in vain: near fish-haunted Lernas streams had been his craft and humble home, he did not know the patronage of the great, and his father sowed on hired soil." + }, + { + "id": 17280, + "la": "ac velut immissi diversis partibus ignes arentem in silvam et virgulta sonantia lauro, aut ubi decursu rapido de montibus altis dant sonitum spumosi amnes et in aequora currunt quisque suum populatus iter: non segnius ambo Aeneas Turnusque ruunt per proelia; nunc, nunc fluctuat ira intus, rumpuntur nescia vinci pectora, nunc totis in vulnera viribus itur", + "en": "And like fires launched from opposite sides into a dry forest and thickets of crackling laurel, or as when in swift descent from mountain heights foaming rivers roar and race seaward, each leaving its own path waste: with no less fury the two, Aeneas and Turnus, sweep through the battle; now, now wrath surges within them; their unconquerable hearts are bursting, knowing not to yield; now they rush into deadly combat with all their strength." + }, + { + "id": 17281, + "la": "Murranum hic, atavos et avorum antiqua sonantem nomina per regesque actum genus omne Latinos, praecipitem scopulo atque ingentis turbine saxi excutit effunditque solo; hunc lora et iuga subter provolvere rotae, crebro super ungula pulsu incita nec domini memorum proculcat equorum", + "en": "As Murranus boasts of his grandfathers and the ancient names of his ancestors and all his family traced through Latin kings, Aeneas dashes him down headlong with a stone and mighty whirling rock and tumbles him on the ground; under reins and yoke the wheels rolled him along, and over him, trampling him down with many a beat, rush the hoofs of the horses who remember not their master." + }, + { + "id": 17282, + "la": "ille ruenti Hyllo animisque immane frementi occurrit telumque aurata ad tempora torquet: olli per galeam fixo stetit hasta cerebro", + "en": "Turnus meets Hyllus as he rushes on with boundless fury at heart, and whirls a dart at his gold-bound brow: piercing the helmet, the spear stood fast in his brain." + }, + { + "id": 17283, + "la": "dextera nec tua te, Graium fortissime Cretheu, eripuit Turno, nec di texere Cupencum Aenea veniente sui: dedit obvia ferro pectora, nec misero clipei mora profuit aerei", + "en": "And your right hand, Cretheus, bravest of the Greeks, did not save you from Turnus, nor did his gods shield Cupencus when Aeneas came: he put his breast in the weapons path, and the bronze shields delay availed him not, poor wretch." + }, + { + "id": 17284, + "la": "te quoque Laurentes viderunt, Aeole, campi oppetere et late terram consternere tergo", + "en": "You too, Aeolus, the Laurentine plains saw fall, and spread your frame widely over the earth:" + }, + { + "id": 17285, + "la": "occidis, Argivae quem non potuere phalanges sternere nec Priami regnorum eversor Achilles; hic tibi mortis erant metae, domus alta sub Ida, Lyrnesi domus alta, solo Laurente sepulcrum", + "en": "you fall whom the Argive battalions could not lay low, nor Achilles, destroyer of Priams realms. Here was the end of your lifes course; beneath Ida was your lofty home'your lofty home at Lyrnesus'in Laurentine soil your sepulchre." + }, + { + "id": 17286, + "la": "totae adeo conversae acies omnesque Latini, omnes Dardanidae, Mnestheus acerque Serestus et Messapus equum domitor et fortis Asilas Tuscorumque phalanx Euandrique Arcades alae, pro se quisque viri summa nituntur opum vi; nec mora nec requies, vasto certamine tendunt", + "en": "The whole lines turned to the fray'all the Latins and all the Trojans: Mnestheus and valiant Serestus; Messapus, tamer of horses, and brave Asilas; the Tuscan battalion and Evanders Arcadian squadrons'each doing his all, the men strain with utmost force of strength; there is no rest nor respite as they struggle in measureless conflict." + }, + { + "id": 17287, + "la": "Hic mentem Aeneae genetrix pulcherrima misit iret ut ad muros urbique adverteret agmen ocius et subita turbaret clade Latinos", + "en": "Now his lovely mother inspired Aeneas to advance on the walls, fling his column on the town, and confound the Latins with sudden disaster." + }, + { + "id": 17288, + "la": "ille ut vestigans diversa per agmina Turnum huc atque huc acies circumtulit, aspicit urbem immunem tanti belli atque impune quietam", + "en": "While he tracked Turnus here and there through the troops and swept his glance this way and that, he sees the city free from that fierce warfare, peaceful and unharmed." + }, + { + "id": 17289, + "la": "continuo pugnae accendit maioris imago: Mnesthea Sergestumque vocat fortemque Serestum ductores, tumulumque capit quo cetera Teucrum concurrit legio, nec scuta aut spicula densi deponunt", + "en": "At once a vision of greater battle fires his heart; he calls Mnestheus and Sergestus and brave Serestus, and plants himself on a mound, where the rest of the Teucrian host throng thickly around without laying down shield or spear." + }, + { + "id": 17290, + "la": "celso medius stans aggere fatur: ne qua meis esto dictis mora, Iuppiter hac stat, neu quis ob inceptum subitum mihi segnior ito", + "en": "Standing among them on the mounded height he cries: Let nothing delay my command; Jupiter is on our side; and let no one, I pray, be slower to advance because the venture is so sudden." + }, + { + "id": 17291, + "la": "urbem hodie, causam belli, regna ipsa Latini, ni frenum accipere et victi parere fatentur, eruam et aequa solo fumantia culmina ponam", + "en": "That city, the cause of war, the very seat of Latinus realm, unless they consent to receive our yoke and to submit as vanquished, this very day I will overthrow, and lay its smoking roofs level with the ground." + }, + { + "id": 17292, + "la": "scilicet exspectem libeat dum proelia Turno nostra pati rursusque velit concurrere victus? hoc caput, o cives, haec belli summa nefandi", + "en": "Am I to wait, do you suppose, till Turnus sees fit to do battle with me, and chooses to meet me a second time, beaten though he is? This, fellow citizens, is the head, this the sum, of the accursed war." + }, + { + "id": 17293, + "la": "ferte faces propere foedusque reposcite flammis.", + "en": "Bring brands with speed, and with fire reclaim the treaty." + }, + { + "id": 17294, + "la": "dixerat, atque animis pariter certantibus omnes dant cuneum densaque ad muros mole feruntur; scalae improviso subitusque apparuit ignis", + "en": "He ceased, and with hearts equally emulous all form a wedge and advance in serried mass to the walls. In a moment ladders and sudden flames are seen." + }, + { + "id": 17295, + "la": "discurrunt alii ad portas primosque trucidant, ferrum alii torquent et obumbrant aethera telis", + "en": "Some rush to the several gates and cut down the foremost guards; others hurl their steel and darken the sky with javelins." + }, + { + "id": 17296, + "la": "ipse inter primos dextram sub moenia tendit Aeneas, magnaque incusat voce Latinum testaturque deos iterum se ad proelia cogi, bis iam Italos hostis, haec altera foedera rumpi", + "en": "Himself in the van at the foot of the wall, Aeneas raises his hand, loudly reproaches Latinus, and calls the gods to witness that he is being forced into battle again, that the Italians have now twice become his foes, and that this treaty is the second broken." + }, + { + "id": 17297, + "la": "exoritur trepidos inter discordia civis: urbem alii reserare iubent et pandere portas Dardanidis ipsumque trahunt in moenia regem;", + "en": "Strife rises among the anxious citizens: some bid unbar the town and throw wide the gates to the Dardans, and drag the king himself to the ramparts;" + }, + { + "id": 17298, + "la": "arma ferunt alii et pergunt defendere muros, inclusas ut cum latebroso in pumice pastor vestigavit apes fumoque implevit amaro; illae intus trepidae rerum per cerea castra discurrunt magnisque acuunt stridoribus iras; volvitur ater odor tectis, tum murmure caeco intus saxa sonant, vacuas it fumus ad auras", + "en": "others bring arms, and hasten to defend the walls. As when some shepherd has tracked bees to their lair in a rocky covert and filled it with stinging smoke; inside, anxious for their safety, they scurry to and fro through the wax fortress, and with loud buzzing whet their rage; the black stench rolls through their dwelling, the rocks within murmur with blind hum, and smoke billows out into the empty air." + }, + { + "id": 17299, + "la": "Accidit haec fessis etiam fortuna Latinis, quae totam luctu concussit funditus urbem", + "en": "This further fate befell the weary Latins, and shook the whole city to its base with grief:" + }, + { + "id": 17300, + "la": "regina ut tectis venientem prospicit hostem, incessi muros, ignis ad tecta volare, nusquam acies contra Rutulas, nulla agmina Turni, infelix pugnae iuvenem in certamine credit exstinctum et subito mentem turbata dolore se causam clamat crimenque caputque malorum, multaque per maestum demens effata furorem purpureos moritura manu discindit amictus et nodum informis leti trabe nectit ab alta", + "en": "when from her palace the queen sees the foe approaching, the walls assailed, flames mounting to the roofs, but nowhere Rutulian ranks or any troops of Turnus to meet them, the unhappy woman thinks that Turnus has been slain in combat and, her mind distraught by sudden anguish, cries out that she is the guilty source and spring of sorrows, and uttering many a wild word in the frenzy of grief, resolved to die she rends her purple robes, and from a lofty beam fastens the noose of a hideous death." + }, + { + "id": 17301, + "la": "quam cladem miserae postquam accepere Latinae, filia prima manu flavos Lavinia crinis et roseas laniata genas, tum cetera circum turba furit, resonant late plangoribus aedes", + "en": "As soon as the unhappy Latin women learned this disaster, first her daughter Lavinia, her hand tearing her golden tresses and rosy cheeks, falls into a frenzy, then all the throng around her; the wide halls ring with lamentations." + }, + { + "id": 17302, + "la": "hinc totam infelix vulgatur fama per urbem: demittunt mentes, it scissa veste Latinus coniugis attonitus fatis urbisque ruina, canitiem immundo perfusam pulvere turpans multaque se incusat, qui non acceperit ante Dardanium Aenean generumque asciverit ultro", + "en": "From here the woeful rumour spreads throughout the town. Hearts sink; Latinus goes with rent raiment, dazed at his wifes doom and his citys downfall, defiling his hoary hair with showers of unclean dust, oft chiding himself that he did not give a ready welcome to Dardan Aeneas and adopt him as his son." + }, + { + "id": 17303, + "la": "Interea extremo bellator in aequore Turnus palantis sequitur paucos iam segnior atque iam minus atque minus successu laetus equorum", + "en": "Meanwhile Turnus, battling on the plains far edge, is pursuing the few stragglers, slacker now and less and less exultant in the triumph of his horses." + }, + { + "id": 17304, + "la": "attulit huc illi caecis terroribus aura commixtum clamorem, arrectasque impulit auris confusae sonus urbis et inlaetabile murmur", + "en": "To him the breeze bore a cry blended with terrors unknown, and the sound and joyless murmur of the town in turmoil fell on his straining ears." + }, + { + "id": 17305, + "la": "ei mihi! quid tanto turbantur moenia luctu? quisve ruit tantus diversa clamor ab urbe? sic ait, adductisque amens subsistit habenis", + "en": "Ah me! What is this great sorrow that shakes the walls? What is this cry that speeds from the distant town? So he speaks, and in frenzy draws in the reins and halts." + }, + { + "id": 17306, + "la": "atque huic, in faciem soror ut conversa Metisci aurigae currumque et equos et lora regebat, talibus occurrit dictis: hac, Turne, sequamur Troiugenas, qua prima viam victoria pandit; sunt alii qui tecta manu defendere possint", + "en": "At this his sister, changed to the form of his charioteer Metiscus, as she guided chariot and horses and reins, meets him with these words: This way, Turnus, let us chase the sons of Troy, where victory first opens a path; there are others whose hands can guard their homes." + }, + { + "id": 17307, + "la": "ingruit Aeneas Italis et proelia miscet, et nos saeva manu mittamus funera Teucris", + "en": "Aeneas is attacking the Italians with turmoil of battle; let our hand too deal fierce havoc among his Teucrians!" + }, + { + "id": 17308, + "la": "nec numero inferior pugnae neque honore recedes.", + "en": "Neither in number of slain nor in glory in battle will you come off the worse." + }, + { + "id": 17309, + "la": "Turnus ad haec:", + "en": "To this Turnus:" + }, + { + "id": 17310, + "la": "o soror, et dudum agnovi, cum prima per artem foedera turbasti teque haec in bella dedisti, et nunc nequiquam fallis dea", + "en": "Sister, long ago I recognized you, when first you craftily upset the truce and flung yourself into this war; and now too you hide your deity in vain." + }, + { + "id": 17311, + "la": "sed quis Olympo demissam tantos voluit te ferre labores? an fratris miseri letum ut crudele videres? nam quid ago? aut quae iam spondet Fortuna salutem? vidi oculos ante ipse meos me voce vocantem Murranum, quo non superat mihi carior alter, oppetere ingentem atque ingenti vulnere victum", + "en": "But who willed that you be sent down from Olympus to bear such toils? Was it so that you would see your hapless brothers cruel death? For what can I do? What chance can now assure me of safety? Before my very eyes, as he called loudly upon me, I saw Murranus fall'no other dearer than he is left to me'a mighty soul and laid low by a mighty wound." + }, + { + "id": 17312, + "la": "occidit infelix ne nostrum dedecus Ufens aspiceret; Teucri potiuntur corpore et armis", + "en": "Luckless Ufens fell so that he would not view our shame: the Teucrians hold his corpse and armour." + }, + { + "id": 17313, + "la": "exscindine domos (id rebus defuit unum) perpetiar, dextra nec Drancis dicta refellam?", + "en": "Shall I endure the razing of their homes'the one thing lacking to my lot'and not refute Drances taunts with my sword?" + }, + { + "id": 17314, + "la": "terga dabo et Turnum fugientem haec terra videbit? usque adeone mori miserum est? vos o mihi, Manes, este boni, quoniam superis aversa voluntas", + "en": "Shall I turn my back? Shall this land see Turnus in flight? Is dead so terrible? Be kind to me, Shades, since the gods above have turned their faces from me." + }, + { + "id": 17315, + "la": "sancta atque istius ad vos anima inscia culpae descendam magnorum haud umquam indignus avorum.", + "en": "I will descend to you a soul stainless and innocent of that reproach, never unworthy of my mighty forebears!" + }, + { + "id": 17316, + "la": "Vix ea fatus erat: medios volat ecce per hostis vectus equo spumante Saces, adversa sagitta saucius ora, ruitque implorans nomine Turnum: Turne, in te suprema salus, miserere tuorum", + "en": "Scarce had he spoken, when borne on a foaming steed through the foemens midst speeds Saces, wounded full in face by an arrow and, rushing on, calls for aid by name on Turnus: Turnus, in you lies our last hope; pity your people!" + }, + { + "id": 17317, + "la": "fulminat Aeneas armis summasque minatur deiecturum arces Italum excidioque daturum, iamque faces ad tecta volant", + "en": "Aeneas thunders in arms, and threatens to overthrow Italys highest towers and give them to destruction: even now brands are flying to the roofs." + }, + { + "id": 17318, + "la": "in te ora Latini, in te oculos referunt; mussat rex ipse Latinus quos generos vocet aut quae sese ad foedera flectat", + "en": "To you the Latins turn their looks, to you their eyes; King Latinus himself mutters, in doubt whom to call his sons, or towards what alliance to incline." + }, + { + "id": 17319, + "la": "praeterea regina, tui fidissima, dextra occidit ipsa sua lucemque exterrita fugit", + "en": "Moreover the queen, who trusted wholly in you, has fallen by her own hand and fled in terror from the light." + }, + { + "id": 17320, + "la": "soli pro portis Messapus et acer Atinas sustentant acies", + "en": "Alone before the gates Messapus and valiant Atinas sustain our lines." + }, + { + "id": 17321, + "la": "circum hos utrimque phalanges stant densae strictisque seges mucronibus horret ferrea; tu currum deserto in gramine versas.", + "en": "Around them on either side stand serried squadrons, and a harvest of steel bristles with drawn swords, while you wheel your chariot over the deserted sward." + }, + { + "id": 17322, + "la": "obstipuit varia confusus imagine rerum Turnus et obtutu tacito stetit; aestuat ingens uno in corde pudor mixtoque insania luctu et furiis agitatus amor et conscia virtus", + "en": "Aghast and bewildered by the changing picture of disaster, Turnus stood mutely gazing; within that single heart surges mighty shame, and madness mingled with grief, and love stung by fury, and the consciousness of worth." + }, + { + "id": 17323, + "la": "ut primum discussae umbrae et lux reddita menti, ardentis oculorum orbis ad moenia torsit turbidus eque rotis magnam respexit ad urbem", + "en": "As soon as the shadows scattered and light dawned afresh on his mind, he turned his blazing eyes wrathfully upon the walls and from his chariot looked back upon the spacious city." + }, + { + "id": 17324, + "la": "Ecce autem flammis inter tabulata volutus ad caelum undabat vertex turrimque tenebat, turrim compactis trabibus quam eduxerat ipse subdideratque rotas pontisque instraverat altos", + "en": "But now from storey to storey a rolling spire of flame was eddying heavenward, and fastening upon a tower'a tower that he himself had reared of jointed beams and set on wheels and slung with lofty gangways." + }, + { + "id": 17325, + "la": "iam iam fata, soror, superant, absiste morari; quo deus et quo dura vocat Fortuna sequamur", + "en": "Now, my sister, now Fate triumphs: cease to hinder; where God and cruel Fortune call, let us follow!" + }, + { + "id": 17326, + "la": "stat conferre manum Aeneae, stat, quidquid acerbi est, morte pati, neque me indecorem, germana, videbis amplius", + "en": "I am resolved to meet Aeneas, resolved to bear in death all its bitterness; no longer, sister, will you behold me shamed." + }, + { + "id": 17327, + "la": "hunc, oro, sine me furere ante furorem.", + "en": "Let me first, I beg, give vent to this madness." + }, + { + "id": 17328, + "la": "dixit, et e curru saltum dedit ocius arvis perque hostis, per tela ruit maestamque sororem deserit ac rapido cursu media agmina rumpit", + "en": "He spoke and leapt quickly from his chariot to the ground and, rushing through foes and through spears, leaves his sorrowing sister, and bursts in rapid course through their columns." + }, + { + "id": 17329, + "la": "ac veluti montis saxum de vertice praeceps cum ruit avulsum vento, seu turbidus imber proluit aut annis solvit sublapsa vetustas; fertur in abruptum magno mons improbus actu exsultatque solo, silvas armenta virosque involvens secum: disiecta per agmina Turnus sic urbis ruit ad muros, ubi plurima fuso sanguine terra madet striduntque hastilibus aurae, significatque manu et magno simul incipit ore: parcite iam, Rutuli, et vos tela inhibete, Latini", + "en": "And as when a rock from mountaintoprushes headlong, torn away by the blast'whether the whirling storm has washed it free, or time stealing on with lapse of years has loosened it, down the steep with mighty rush sweeps the reckless mass and bounds over the earth, rolling with it trees, herds, and men: so among the scattered ranks Turnus rushes to the city walls, where the ground is deepest drenched with spilled blood and the air is shrill with spears; then he beckons with his hand and thus begins aloud: Forbear now, Rutulians, and you Latins, stay your darts." + }, + { + "id": 17330, + "la": "quaecumque est fortuna, mea est; me verius unum pro vobis foedus luere et decernere ferro.", + "en": "Whatever fortune is here is mine; it is better that I alone for your sake atone for the covenant, and decide the outcome with the sword." + }, + { + "id": 17331, + "la": "discessere omnes medii spatiumque dedere", + "en": "All those between them dispersed and gave him room." + }, + { + "id": 17332, + "la": "At pater Aeneas audito nomine Turni deserit et muros et summas deserit arces praecipitatque moras omnis, opera omnia rumpit laetitia exsultans horrendumque intonat armis: quantus Athos aut quantus Eryx aut ipse coruscis cum fremit ilicibus quantus gaudetque nivali vertice se attollens pater Appenninus ad auras", + "en": "But father Aeneas, hearing Turnus name, forsakes the walls, forsakes the lofty fortress, flings aside all delay, breaks off all tasks and, exultant with joy, clashes his weapons terribly; vast as Athos, vast as Eryx or vast as Father Apennine himself, when he roars with his shimmering oaks, and joyously raises his snowy head to heaven." + }, + { + "id": 17333, + "la": "iam vero et Rutuli certatim et Troes et omnes convertere oculos Itali, quique alta tenebant moenia quique imos pulsabant ariete muros, armaque deposuere umeris", + "en": "Now indeed, all eagerly turned their eyes'Rutulians, and Trojans, and Italians, both those who held the lofty ramparts, and those whose ram battered the walls below'and took off the armour from their shoulders." + }, + { + "id": 17334, + "la": "stupet ipse Latinus ingentis, genitos diversis partibus orbis, inter se coiisse viros et cernere ferro", + "en": "Latinus himself is amazed that these mighty men, born in different parts of the world, have met together and are deciding the outcome with the sword." + }, + { + "id": 17335, + "la": "atque illi, ut vacuo patuerunt aequore campi, procursu rapido coniectis eminus hastis invadunt Martem clipeis atque aere sonoro", + "en": "And as soon as the fields were clear on the open plain, the two dash swiftly forward, first hurling their spears from far, and rush into battle with shields and clanging bronze." + }, + { + "id": 17336, + "la": "dat gemitum tellus; tum crebros ensibus ictus congeminant, fors et virtus miscentur in unum", + "en": "Earth groans; then with the sword they redouble blow on blow, chance and valour blending in one." + }, + { + "id": 17337, + "la": "ac velut ingenti Sila summove Taburno cum duo conversis inimica in proelia tauri frontibus incurrunt, pavidi cessere magistri, stat pecus omne metu mutum, mussantque iuvencae mpr quis nemori imperitet, quem tota armenta sequantur; illi inter sese multa vi vulnera miscent cornuaque obnixi infigunt et sanguine largo colla armosque lavant, gemitu nemus omne remugit: non aliter Tros Aeneas et Daunius heros concurrunt clipeis, ingens fragor aethera complet", + "en": "And as in mighty Sila or on Taburnus height, when two bulls charge, brow to brow, in mortal battle, in terror the keepers fall back, the whole herd stands mute with dread, and the heifers dumbly wait to see who will be lord of the forest, whom all the herds will follow; with mighty force they deal mutual wounds, gore with butting horns, and bathe neck and shoulders in streaming blood; all the woodland re-echoes with their bellowing: just so Trojan Aeneas and the Daunian hero clash shield on shield; the mighty crash fills the sky." + }, + { + "id": 17338, + "la": "Iuppiter ipse duas aequato examine lances sustinet et fata imponit diversa duorum, quem damnet labor et quo vergat pondere letum", + "en": "Jupiter himself holds up two scales in even balance, and lays in them the diverse destinies of both'whom the strife dooms, and with whose weight death sinks down." + }, + { + "id": 17339, + "la": "Emicat hic impune putans et corpore toto alte sublatum consurgit Turnus in ensem et ferit;", + "en": "Turnus springs forward, thinking it safe, he rises full height on his uplifted sword, and strikes." + }, + { + "id": 17340, + "la": "exclamant Troes trepidique Latini, arrectaeque amborum acies", + "en": "The Trojans and expectant Latins cry aloud; both armies are on tiptoe with excitement." + }, + { + "id": 17341, + "la": "at perfidus ensis frangitur in medioque ardentem deserit ictu, ni fuga subsidio subeat", + "en": "But the treacherous sword snaps, and in mid stroke fails its ardent lord, did not flight come to his aid." + }, + { + "id": 17342, + "la": "fugit ocior Euro ut capulum ignotum dextramque aspexit inermem", + "en": "Swifter than the East Wind he flies, as soon as he sees an unknown hilt in his defenceless hand." + }, + { + "id": 17343, + "la": "fama est praecipitem, cum prima in proelia iunctos conscendebat equos, patrio mucrone relicto, dum trepidat, ferrum aurigae rapuisse Metisci; idque diu, dum terga dabant palantia Teucri, suffecit; postquam arma dei ad Volcania ventum est, mortalis mucro glacies ceu futtilis ictu dissiluit, fulva resplendent fragmina harena", + "en": "They say that in his headlong haste, when first mounting behind his yoked horses for battle, he left his fathers blade behind and in his haste snatched up the sword of Metiscus his charioteer; and for long that served, while the straggling Teucrians turned their backs; but when it met the god-wrought armour of Vulcan, the mortal blade, like brittle ice, flew asunder at the stroke; the fragments glitter on the yellow sand." + }, + { + "id": 17344, + "la": "ergo amens diversa fuga petit aequora Turnus et nunc huc, inde huc incertos implicat orbis; undique enim densa Teucri inclusere corona atque hinc vasta palus, hinc ardua moenia cingunt", + "en": "So Turnus madly flees this way and that over the plain, and now in one direction and now in another he entwines wavering circles; for on all sides the Teucrians enclosed him in a crowded ring, and on one side a waste fen, on another steep ramparts hem him in." + }, + { + "id": 17345, + "la": "Nec minus Aeneas, quamquam tardata sagitta interdum genua impediunt cursumque recusant, insequitur trepidique pedem pede fervidus urget: inclusum veluti si quando flumine nactus cervum aut puniceae saeptum formidine pennae venator cursu canis et latratibus instat; ille autem insidiis et ripa territus alta mille fugit refugitque vias, at vividus Umber haeret hians, iam iamque tenet similisque tenenti increpuit malis morsuque elusus inani est; tum vero exoritur clamor ripaeque lacusque responsant circa et caelum tonat omne tumultu", + "en": "No less Aeneas, though at times his knees, slowed by the arrow wound, impede him and deny their speed, pursues and hotly presses, foot to foot, upon his panting foe; as when a hunter hound has caught a stag, pent in by a stream or hedged about by the terror of crimson feathers, and, running and barking, presses him close; the stag, in terror of the snares and the high bank, flees to and fro in a thousand ways, but the keen Umbrian stays close with jaws agape; he almost seizes him, and snaps his jaws as if he had seized him, and baffled, bites on empty air. Then indeed a din breaks out; the banks and pools around make answer, and all heaven thunders with the tumult." + }, + { + "id": 17346, + "la": "ille simul fugiens Rutulos simul increpat omnis nomine quemque vocans notumque efflagitat ensem", + "en": "Even as he flees, even then Turnus upbraids all the Rutulians, calling each by name, and clamouring for the sword he knows." + }, + { + "id": 17347, + "la": "Aeneas mortem contra praesensque minatur exitium, si quisquam adeat, terretque trementis excisurum urbem minitans et saucius instat", + "en": "Aeneas in turn threatens death and instant doom, if anyone comes near, and terrifies his trembling foes with threats to raze the town; though wounded he presses on." + }, + { + "id": 17348, + "la": "quinque orbis explent cursu totidemque retexunt huc illuc; neque enim levia aut ludicra petuntur praemia, sed Turni de vita et sanguine certant", + "en": "Five circles they cover, and unweave as many, running this way and that; for no slight or sportive prize they seek, but strive for Turnus life and blood." + }, + { + "id": 17349, + "la": "Forte sacer Fauno foliis oleaster amaris hic steterat, nautis olim venerabile lignum, servati ex undis ubi figere dona solebant Laurenti divo et votas suspendere vestis; sed stirpem Teucri nullo discrimine sacrum sustulerant, puro ut possent concurrere campo", + "en": "By chance a bitter-leaved wild olive, sacred to Faunus, had stood here, a tree revered of old by mariners, on which, when saved from the waves, they were wont to fasten their gifts to the god of Laurentum and hang up their votive garments; but the Teucrians, making no exception, had removed the sacred stem, so that they could fight on open ground." + }, + { + "id": 17350, + "la": "hic hasta Aeneae stabat, huc impetus illam detulerat fixam et lenta radice tenebat", + "en": "Here stood the spear of Aeneas; its force had carried it here and was holding it fast in the tough root." + }, + { + "id": 17351, + "la": "incubuit voluitque manu convellere ferrum Dardanides, teloque sequi quem prendere cursu non poterat", + "en": "The Dardan stooped, meaning to pluck away the steel perforce and follow with his javelin the man he could not catch by speed of foot." + }, + { + "id": 17352, + "la": "tum vero amens formidine Turnus Faune, precor, miserere inquit tuque optima ferrum Terra tene, colui vestros si semper honores, quos contra Aeneadae bello fecere profanos.", + "en": "Then indeed Turnus, frantic with terror, cried: Faunus, have pity, I pray, and you, most gracious Earth, hold fast the steel, if ever I have honoured your rites, which the sons of Aeneas, to the contrary, have defiled by war." + }, + { + "id": 17353, + "la": "dixit, opemque dei non cassa in vota vocavit", + "en": "He spoke, and not in vain did he invoke the aid of heaven." + }, + { + "id": 17354, + "la": "namque diu luctans lentoque in stirpe moratus viribus haud ullis valuit discludere morsus roboris Aeneas", + "en": "For though long he wrestled and lingered over the stubborn stem, by no strength could Aeneas unlock the oaken bite." + }, + { + "id": 17355, + "la": "dum nititur acer et instat, rursus in aurigae faciem mutata Metisci procurrit fratrique ensem dea Daunia reddit", + "en": "While fiercely he tugs and strains, the Daunian goddess, changing once again into the form of charioteer Metiscus, runs forward and restores the sword to her brother." + }, + { + "id": 17356, + "la": "quod Venus audaci nymphae indignata licere accessit telumque alta ab radice revellit", + "en": "But Venus, enraged that such license was granted the bold nymph, drew near and plucked the weapon from the deep root." + }, + { + "id": 17357, + "la": "olli sublimes armis animisque refecti, hic gladio fidens, hic acer et arduus hasta, adsistunt contra certamine Martis anheli", + "en": "At full height, in arms and heart renewed, one trusting to his sword, the other fiercely towering with his spear, breathless both, they stand face to face in the War Gods strife." + }, + { + "id": 17358, + "la": "Iunonem interea rex omnipotentis Olympi adloquitur fulva pugnas de nube tuentem: quae iam finis erit, coniunx? quid denique restat? indigetem Aenean scis ipsa et scire fateris deberi caelo fatisque ad sidera tolli", + "en": "Meanwhile the king of almighty Olympus addresses Juno, as from a golden cloud she gazes on the fray: What now shall be the end, wife? What remains at the last? You yourself know, and admit that you know, that Aeneas, as Hero of the land, is claimed by heaven, and that the Fates exalt him to the stars." + }, + { + "id": 17359, + "la": "quid struis? aut qua spe gelidis in nubibus haeres? mortalin decuit violari vulnere divum? aut ensem (quid enim sine te Iuturna valeret?) ereptum reddi Turno et vim crescere victis? desine iam tandem precibusque inflectere nostris, ne te tantus edit tacitam dolor et mihi curae saepe tuo dulci tristes ex ore recursent", + "en": "What are you planning? In what hope are you lingering in the chill clouds? Was it well that a god should be profaned by a mortals wound? Or that the lost sword'for without you what could Juturna do?'be restored to Turnus, and the vanquished gain fresh force? Cease now, I pray, and yield to my entreaties so that your great grief may not consume you in silence, nor your bitter cares often return to me from your sweet lips." + }, + { + "id": 17360, + "la": "ventum ad supremum est", + "en": "The end is reached." + }, + { + "id": 17361, + "la": "terris agitare vel undis Troianos potuisti, infandum accendere bellum, deformare domum et luctu miscere hymenaeos: ulterius temptare veto.", + "en": "To chase the Trojans over land or wave, to kindle monstrous war, to mar a happy home and blend bridals with woe'this power you have had; I forbid you to try any further!" + }, + { + "id": 17362, + "la": "sic Iuppiter orsus; sic dea summisso contra Saturnia vultu: Ista quidem quia nota mihi tua, magne, voluntas, Iuppiter, et Turnum et terras invita reliqui; nec tu me aria solam nunc sede videres digna indigna pati, sed flammis cincta sub ipsa starem acie traheremque inimica in proelia Teucros", + "en": "So Jupiter spoke: so, with downcast look, the goddess, child of Saturn, replied: It was indeed because I knew, great Jove, that this was your pleasure, that I reluctantly left Turnus and the earth; otherwise you would not see me now, alone on my airy throne, enduring fair and foul, but girt in flame I would be standing right in the battle line and dragging the Teucrians into deadly combat." + }, + { + "id": 17363, + "la": "Iuturnam misero (fateor) succurrere fratri suasi et pro vita maiora audere probavi, non ut tela tamen, non ut contenderet arcum; adiuro Stygii caput implacabile fontis, una superstitio superis quae reddita divis", + "en": "As for Juturna, I counselled her, I own, to help her hapless brother, and for his lifes sake sanctioned still greater deeds of daring, but not to level the arrow, not to bend the bow: I swear by the inexorable fountainhead of Styx, sole name of dread ordained for the gods above." + }, + { + "id": 17364, + "la": "et nunc cedo equidem pugnasque exosa relinquo illud te, nulla fati quod lege tenetur, pro Latio obtestor, pro maiestate tuorum: cum iam conubiis pacem felicibus (esto) component, cum iam leges et foedera iungent, ne vetus indigenas nomen mutare Latinos neu Troas fieri iubeas Teucrosque vocari aut vocem mutare viros aut vertere vestem", + "en": "And now I yield, yes, I yield, and quit the strife in loathing. This boon, banned by no law of fate, I beg of you for Latiums sake, for your own kins greatness: when anon with happy bridal rites'so be it!'they plight peace, when anon they join in laws and treaties, do not command the native Latins to change their ancient name, nor to become Trojans and be called Teucrians, nor to change their language and alter their attire:" + }, + { + "id": 17365, + "la": "sit Latium, sint Albani per saecula reges, sit Romana potens Itala virtute propago: occidit, occideritque sinas cum nomine Troia.", + "en": "let Latium be, let Alban kings endure through ages, let be a Roman stock, strong in Italian valour: Troy is fallen, and fallen let her be, together with her name!" + }, + { + "id": 17366, + "la": "Olli subridens hominum rerumque repertor: es germana Iovis Saturnique altera proles, irarum tantos volvis sub pectore fluctus", + "en": "Smiling on her, the creator of men and things replied: You are Joves true sister, and Saturns other child: such waves of wrath surge deep within your breast!" + }, + { + "id": 17367, + "la": "verum age et inceptum frustra summitte furorem: do quod vis, et me victusque volensque remitto", + "en": "But come, allay the anger that was stirred in vain. I grant your wish and relent, willingly won over." + }, + { + "id": 17368, + "la": "sermonem Ausonii patrium moresque tenebunt, utque est nomen erit; commixti corpore tantum subsident Teucri", + "en": "Ausonias sons shall keep their fathers speech and ways, and as it is now, so shall their name be: the Teucrians shall but sink down, merged in the mass." + }, + { + "id": 17369, + "la": "morem ritusque sacrorum adiciam faciamque omnis uno ore Latinos", + "en": "I will give them their sacred laws and rites and make them all Latins of one tongue." + }, + { + "id": 17370, + "la": "hinc genus Ausonio mixtum quod sanguine surget, supra homines, supra ire deos pietate videbis, nec gens ulla tuos aeque celebrabit honores.", + "en": "From them shall arise a race, blended with Ausonian blood, which you will see overpass men, overpass gods in loyalty, and no nation will celebrate your worshipwith equal zeal." + }, + { + "id": 17371, + "la": "adnuit his Iuno et mentem laetata retorsit; interea excedit caelo nubemque relinquit", + "en": "Juno assented to this and joyfully changed her purpose; then she leaves heaven, and quits the cloud." + }, + { + "id": 17372, + "la": "His actis aliud genitor secum ipse volutat Iuturnamque parat fratris dimittere ab armis", + "en": "This done, the Father revolves another purpose in his heart, and prepares to withdraw Juturna from her brothers side." + }, + { + "id": 17373, + "la": "dicuntur geminae pestes cognomine Dirae, quas et Tartaream Nox intempesta Megaeram uno eodemque tulit partu, paribusque revinxit serpentum spiris ventosasque addidit alas", + "en": "Men tell of twin fiends, named the Dread Ones, whom untimely Night bore in one and the same birth with hellish Megaera, wreathing them alike with snaky coils and clothing them with wings of wind" + }, + { + "id": 17374, + "la": "hae Iovis ad solium saevique in limine regis apparent acuuntque metum mortalibus aegris, si quando letum horrificum morbosque deum rex molitur, meritas aut bello territat urbes", + "en": "These attend by the throne of Jove and on the threshold of that grim monarch, and whet the fears of feeble mortals, whenever heavens king wreaks diseases and awful death, or terrifies guilty towns with war." + }, + { + "id": 17375, + "la": "harum unam celerem demisit ab aethere summo Iuppiter inque omen Iuturnae occurrere iussit: illa volat celerique ad terram turbine fertur", + "en": "Jove sent one of them swiftly down from high heaven, and bade her meet Juturna as a sign. She wings her way, and darts to earth in swift whirlwind." + }, + { + "id": 17376, + "la": "non secus ac nervo per nubem impulsa sagitta, armatam saevi Parthus quam felle veneni, Parthus sive Cydon, telum immedicabile, torsit, stridens et celeris incognita transilit umbras: talis se sata Nocte tulit terrasque petivit", + "en": "Like an arrow, shot from the bow string through a cloud, an arrow armed with the gall of fell poison, which a Parthian'a Parthian or a Cydonian'has launched, a shaft beyond all cure; whizzing, it leaps unseen through the swift shadows: so sped the child of Night and sought the earth." + }, + { + "id": 17377, + "la": "postquam acies videt Iliacas atque agmina Turni, alitis in parvae subitam collecta figuram, quae quondam in bustis aut culminibus desertis nocte sedens serum canit importuna per umbras' hanc versa in faciem Turni se pestis ob ora fertque refertque sonans clipeumque everberat alis", + "en": "As soon as she sees the Ilian ranks and Turnus troops, suddenly shrinking to the shape of that small bird which often, perched at night on tombs or deserted roofs, sings her late, ill-omened song among the shadows, so changed in form the fiend flits screaming to and fro before the face of Turnus, and beats his shield with her wings." + }, + { + "id": 17378, + "la": "illi membra novus solvit formidine torpor, arrectaeque horrore comae et vox faucibus haesit", + "en": "A strange numbness slackened his limbs with dread; his hair stood up in terror and the voice cleaved to his throat." + }, + { + "id": 17379, + "la": "At procul ut Dirae stridorem agnovit et alas, infelix crinis scindit Iuturna solutos unguibus ora soror foedans et pectora pugnis: quid nunc te tua, Turne, potest germana iuvare? aut quid iam durae superat mihi? qua tibi lucem arte morer? talin possum me opponere monstro? iam iam linquo acies", + "en": "But when his unhappy sister Juturna recognized the Dread Ones whirring wings from afar, she tears her loosened hair, disfiguring her face with her nails, and her breasts with her fists: What help, Turnus, can your sister give you now? What still awaits me, who have endured so much? With what contrivance can I prolong your life? Can I stand against this terrible portent? Now at last I quit the field." + }, + { + "id": 17380, + "la": "ne me terrete timentem, obscenae volucres: alarum verbera nosco letalemque sonum, nec fallunt iussa superba magnanimi Iovis", + "en": "Do not terrify my fluttering soul, ill-boding birds! I know your beating wings, and their dreadful sound, and I do not mistake the haughty mandates of high-hearted Jove." + }, + { + "id": 17381, + "la": "haec pro virginitate reponit? quo vitam dedit aeternam? cur mortis adempta est condicio? possem tantos finire dolores nunc certe, et misero fratri comes ire per umbras! immortalis ego? aut quicquam mihi dulce meorum te sine, frater, erit? o quae satis ima dehiscat terra mihi, Manisque deam demittat ad imos? tantum effata caput glauco contexit amictu multa gemens et se fluvio dea condidit alto", + "en": "Is this his repayment for my virginity? Why did he give me life eternal? Why am I deprived of the possibility of death? Then I could end this anguish, and pass through the shadows at my poor brothers side! I immortal! Will anything of mine be sweet to me without you, my brother? What ground can gape deep enough for me, and send me down, goddess as I am, to the deepest shades? So saying, she veiled her head in a mantle of grey, and with many a moan the goddess plunged into the depths of the river." + }, + { + "id": 17382, + "la": "Aeneas instat contra telumque coruscat ingens arboreum, et saevo sic pectore fatur: quae nunc deinde mora est? aut quid iam, Turne, retractas? non cursu, saevis certandum est comminus armis", + "en": "Aeneas presses on against the foe, brandishing his great tree-like spear, and thus he cries in wrathful spirit: What more delay is there now? Why, Turnus, do you still draw back? Not in a race, but hand to hand with savage weapons, must we contend." + }, + { + "id": 17383, + "la": "verte omnis tete in facies et contrahe quidquid sive animis sive arte vales; opta ardua pennis astra sequi clausumve cava te condere terra.", + "en": "Change yourself into all shapes, muster all your powers of courage or skill; wing your flight, if you will, to the stars aloft, or hide within earths hollow prison!" + }, + { + "id": 17384, + "la": "ille caput quassans: non me tua fervida terrent dicta, ferox; di me terrent et Iuppiter hostis.", + "en": "The other, shaking his head: Your fiery words, proud one, do not daunt me; it is the gods who daunt me, and the enmity of Jove." + }, + { + "id": 17385, + "la": "nec plura effatus saxum circumspicit ingens, saxum antiquum ingens, campo quod forte iacebat, limes agro positus litem ut discerneret arvis", + "en": "Saying no more, he glances round and sees a huge stone, an ancient stone and huge which by chance lay upon the plain, set for a landmark to keep dispute from the fields." + }, + { + "id": 17386, + "la": "vix illud lecti bis sex cervice subirent, qualia nunc hominum producit corpora tellus; ille manu raptum trepida torquebat in hostem altior insurgens et cursu concitus heros", + "en": "Twice six chosen men could scarce lift it on their shoulders, men of such frames as earth now produces: but the hero, with hurried grasp, seized and hurled it at his foe, rising to his height and at swiftest speed." + }, + { + "id": 17387, + "la": "sed neque currentem se nec cognoscit euntem tollentemve manu saxumve immane moventem; genua labant, gelidus concrevit frigore sanguis", + "en": "But he does not recognize himself as he runs, nor as he moves, as he raises the mighty stone in his hand or throws it; his knees buckle, his blood is frozen cold." + }, + { + "id": 17388, + "la": "tum lapis ipse viri vacuum per inane volutus nec spatium evasit totum neque pertulit ictum", + "en": "The very stone, whirled by the hero through the empty air, did not traverse the whole distance, nor drive home its blow." + }, + { + "id": 17389, + "la": "ac velut in somnis, oculos ubi languida pressit nocte quies, nequiquam avidos extendere cursus velle videmur et in mediis conatibus aegri succidimus; non lingua valet, non corpore notae sufficiunt vires nec vox aut verba sequuntur: sic Turno, quacumque viam virtute petivit, successum dea dira negat", + "en": "And as in dreams, when languorous sleep has weighed down our eyes at night, we seem to strive in vain to press on our eager course, and in mid effort collapse helpless: our tongue lacks power, our wonted strength fails our limbs, and neither voice nor words will come: so to Turnus, however bravely he sought to win his way, the dread goddess denies fulfilment." + }, + { + "id": 17390, + "la": "tum pectore sensus vertuntur varii; Rutulos aspectat et urbem cunctaturque metu letumque instare tremescit, nec quo se eripiat, nec qua vi tendat in hostem, nec currus usquam videt aurigamve sororem", + "en": "Then shifting fancies whirl through his mind; he gazes on his Rutulians and the town, he falters in fear, and trembles at the death that looms; he sees nowhere to escape, nowhere to attack his foe; he cannot see his chariot anywhere, or his sister, the charioteer." + }, + { + "id": 17391, + "la": "Cunctanti telum Aeneas fatale coruscat, sortitus fortunam oculis, et corpore toto eminus intorquet", + "en": "As he wavers, Aeneas brandishes the fateful spear, seeing a favorable chance, then hurls it from afar with all his strength." + }, + { + "id": 17392, + "la": "murali concita numquam tormento sic saxa fremunt nec fulmine tanti dissultant crepitus", + "en": "Never do stones shot from a siege engine roar so loud, never do such great crashes burst from a thunderbolt." + }, + { + "id": 17393, + "la": "volat atri turbinis instar exitium dirum hasta ferens orasque recludit loricae et clipei extremos septemplicis orbis; per medium stridens transit femur", + "en": "Like a black whirlwind the spear flies on, bearing fell destruction, and pierces the corslets rim and the sevenfold shields outermost circle: whizzing it passes right through the thigh." + }, + { + "id": 17394, + "la": "incidit ictus ingens ad terram duplicato poplite Turnus", + "en": "Under the blow, with his knee bent down to earth beneath him, huge Turnus sank." + }, + { + "id": 17395, + "la": "consurgunt gemitu Rutuli totusque remugit mons circum et vocem late nemora alta remittunt", + "en": "The Rutulians start up with a groan; all the hills re-echo round about, and far and near the wooded slopes send back the sound." + }, + { + "id": 17396, + "la": "ille humilis supplex oculos dextramque precantem protendens equidem merui nec deprecor inquit; utere sorte tua", + "en": "In supplication he lowered his eyes and stretched out his right hand: I have earned it, he cried, and I ask no mercy; use your chance." + }, + { + "id": 17397, + "la": "miseri te si qua parentis tangere cura potest, oro (fuit et tibi talis Anchises genitor) Dauni miserere senectae et me, seu corpus spoliatum lumine mavis, redde meis", + "en": "If any thought of a parents grief can touch you, I beg you'you too had such a father in Anchises'pity Daunus old age, and give me'or, if you prefer, my lifeless body'back to my kin." + }, + { + "id": 17398, + "la": "vicisti et victum tendere palmas Ausonii videre; tua est Lavinia coniunx, ulterius ne tende odiis.", + "en": "You are the victor; and the Ausonians have seen me stretch forth my hands as the vanquished: Lavinia is your wife; do not press your hatred further." + }, + { + "id": 17399, + "la": "stetit acer in armis Aeneas volvens oculos dextramque repressit; et iam iamque magis cunctantem flectere sermo coeperat, infelix umero cum apparuit alto balteus et notis fulserunt cingula bullis Pallantis pueri, victum quem vulnere Turnus straverat atque umeris inimicum insigne gerebat", + "en": "Fierce in his armour, Aeneas stood still shifting his eyes, and restrained his hand; and now, as he paused, these words began to sway him more and more, when high on the shoulder the luckless baldric met his gaze, and the belt flashed with its well-known studs'the belt of young Pallas, whom Turnus had wounded and stretched vanquished on the earth, and now he wore on his shoulders his foemans fatal emblem." + }, + { + "id": 17400, + "la": "ille, oculis postquam saevi monumenta doloris exuviasque hausit, furiis accensus et ira terribilis: tune hinc spoliis indute meorum eripiare mihi? Pallas te hoc vulnere, Pallas immolat et poenam scelerato ex sanguine sumit.", + "en": "Aeneas, as soon as his eyes drank in the trophy, that memorial of cruel grief, ablaze with fury and terrible in his wrath: Clad in the spoils of one of mine, are you to be snatched from my hands? Pallas it is, Pallas who sacrifices you with this stroke, and takes retribution from your guilty blood!" + }, + { + "id": 17401, + "la": "hoc dicens ferrum adverso sub pectore condit fervidus; ast illi solvuntur frigore membra vitaque cum gemitu fugit indignata sub umbras", + "en": "So saying, in burning rage he buries his sword full in Turnus breast. His limbs grew slack and chill and with a moan his life fled resentfully to the Shades below." + }, + { + "id": 17402, + "la": "Conticuere omnes intentique ora tenebant inde toro pater Aeneas sic orsus ab alto:", + "en": "All were hushed, and kept their rapt gaze upon him; then from his raised couch father Aeneas thus began:" + }, + { + "id": 17403, + "la": "Infandum, regina, iubes renovare dolorem, Troianas ut opes et lamentabile regnum eruerint Danai, quaeque ipse miserrima vidi et quorum pars magna fui", + "en": "Too deep for words, O queen, is the grief you bid me renew, how the Greeks overthrew Troys wealth and woeful realm'the sights most piteous that I saw myself and wherein I played no small role." + }, + { + "id": 17404, + "la": "quis talia fando Myrmidonum Dolopumve aut duri miles Ulixi temperet a lacrimis? et iam nox umida caelo praecipitat suadentque cadentia sidera somnos", + "en": "What Myrmidon or Dolopian, or soldier of the stern Ulysses, could refrain from tears in telling such a tale? And now dewy night is speeding from the sky and the setting stars counsel sleep." + }, + { + "id": 17405, + "la": "sed si tantus amor casus cognoscere nostros et breviter Troiae supremum audire laborem, quamquam animus meminisse horret luctuque refugit, incipiam", + "en": "Yet if such is your desire to learn of our disasters, and in few words to hear of Troys last agony, though my mind shudders to remember and has recoiled in pain, I will begin." + }, + { + "id": 17406, + "la": "Fracti bello fatisque repulsi ductores Danaum, tot iam labentibus annis, instar montis equum divina Palladis arte aedificant sectaque intexunt abiete costas; votum pro reditu simulant; ea fama vagatur", + "en": "Broken in war and thwarted by the fates, the Danaan chiefs, now that so many years were gliding by, build by Pallas divine art a horse of mountainous bulk, and interweave its ribs with planks of fir. They pretend it is an offering for their safe return; this is the rumour that goes abroad." + }, + { + "id": 17407, + "la": "huc delecta virum sortiti corpora furtim includunt caeco lateri penitusque cavernas ingentis uterumque armato milite complent", + "en": "Here, within its dark sides, they stealthily enclose the choicest of their stalwart men and deep within they fill the huge cavern of the belly with armed soldiery." + }, + { + "id": 17408, + "la": "Est in conspectu Tenedos, notissima fama insula, dives opum, Priami dum regna manebant, nunc tantum sinus et statio male fida carinis:", + "en": "There lies in sight an island well known to fame, Tenedos, rich in wealth while Priams kingdom stood, now but a bay and an unsafe anchorage for ships." + }, + { + "id": 17409, + "la": "huc se provecti deserto in litore condunt", + "en": "Hither they sail and hide themselves on the barren shore." + }, + { + "id": 17410, + "la": "nos abiisse rati et vento petiisse Mycenas", + "en": "We thought they had gone and before the wind were bound for Mycenae." + }, + { + "id": 17411, + "la": "ergo omnis longo solvit se Teucria luctu", + "en": "So all the Teucrian land frees itself from its long sorrow." + }, + { + "id": 17412, + "la": "panduntur portae; iuvat ire et Dorica castra desertosque videre locos litusque relictum", + "en": "The gates are opened; it is a joy to go and see the Doric camp, the deserted stations and forsaken shore." + }, + { + "id": 17413, + "la": "hic Dolopum manus, hic saevus tendebat Achilles, classibus hic locus, hic acie certare solebant", + "en": "Here the Dolopian bands encamped, here cruel Achilles; here lay the fleet; here they used to meet us in battle." + }, + { + "id": 17414, + "la": "pars stupet innuptae donum exitiale Minervae et molem mirantur equi; primusque Thymoetes duci intra muros hortatur et arce locari, sive dolo seu iam Troiae sic fata ferebant", + "en": "Some are amazed at maiden Minervas gift of death, and marvel at the massive horse: and first Thymoetes urges that it be drawn within our walls and lodged in the citadel; either it was treachery or the doom of Troy was already tending that way." + }, + { + "id": 17415, + "la": "at Capys, et quorum melior sententia menti, aut pelago Danaum insidias suspectaque dona praecipitare iubent subiectisque urere flammis, aut terebrare cavas uteri et temptare latebras", + "en": "But Capys, and they whose minds were wiser in counsel, bid us either hurl headlong into the sea this guile of the Greeks, this distrusted gift, or fire it with flames heaped beneath; or else pierce and probe the hollow hiding place of the belly." + }, + { + "id": 17416, + "la": "scinditur incertum studia in contraria vulgus", + "en": "The wavering crowd is torn into opposing factions." + }, + { + "id": 17417, + "la": "Primus ibi ante omnis, magna comitante caterva, Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce et procul: o miseri, quae tanta insania, cives? creditis avectos hostis? aut ulla putatis dona carere dolis Danaum? sic notus Ulixes? aut hoc inclusi ligno occultantur Achivi, aut haec in nostros fabricata est machina muros, inspectura domos venturaque desuper urbi, aut aliquis latet error; equo ne credite, Teucri", + "en": "Then, foremost of all and with a great throng following, Laocon in hot haste runs down from the citadels height, and cries from afar: My poor countrymen, what monstrous madness is this? Do you believe the foe has sailed away? Do you think that any gifts of the Greeks are free from treachery? Is Ulysses known to be this sort of man? Either enclosed in this frame there lurk Achaeans, or this has been built as an engine of war against our walls, to spy into our homes and come down upon the city from above; or some trickery lurks inside. Men of Troy, trust not the horse." + }, + { + "id": 17418, + "la": "quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentis.", + "en": "Whatever it be, I fear the Greeks, even when bringing gifts." + }, + { + "id": 17419, + "la": "sic fatus validis ingentem viribus hastam in latus inque feri curvam compagibus alvum contorsit", + "en": "So saying, with mighty force he hurled his great spear at the beasts side and the arched frame of the belly." + }, + { + "id": 17420, + "la": "stetit illa tremens, uteroque recusso insonuere cavae gemitumque dedere cavernae", + "en": "The spear stood quivering and with the cavitys reverberation the vaults rang hollow, sending forth a moan." + }, + { + "id": 17421, + "la": "et si fata deum, si mens non laeva fuisset, impulerat ferro Argolicas foedare latebras, Troiaque nunc staret, Priamique arx alta, maneres", + "en": "And had the gods decrees, had our mind not been perverse, he would have driven us to violate with steel the Argive den, and Troy would now be standing, and you, lofty citadel of Priam, would still abide!" + }, + { + "id": 17422, + "la": "Ecce manus iuvenem interea post terga revinctum pastores magno ad regem clamore trahebant Dardanidae, qui se ignotum venientibus ultro, hoc ipsum ut strueret Troiamque aperiret Achivis, obtulerat, fidens animi atque in utrumque paratus, seu versare dolos seu certae occumbere morti", + "en": "But meanwhile some Dardan shepherds with loud shouts were haling to the king a youth whose hands were bound behind his back. To compass this very end and open Troy to the Achaeans, deliberately, stranger though he was, he had placed himself in their path, confident in spirit and ready for either event, either to ply his crafty wiles or to meet certain death." + }, + { + "id": 17423, + "la": "undique visendi studio Troiana iuventus circumfusa ruit certantque inludere capto", + "en": "From all sides, in eagerness to see, the Trojan youth run streaming in and vie in mocking the captive." + }, + { + "id": 17424, + "la": "accipe nunc Danaum insidias et crimine ab uno disce omnis", + "en": "Hear now the treachery of the Greeks and from a single crime learn the wickedness of all" + }, + { + "id": 17425, + "la": "namque ut conspectu in medio turbatus, inermis, constitit atque oculis Phrygia agmina circumspexit, heu! quae nunc tellus, inquit, quae me aequora possunt accipere? aut quid iam misero mihi denique restat, cui neque apud Danaos usquam locus, et super ipsi Dardanidae infensi poenas cum sanguine poscunt? quo gemitu conversi animi, compressus et omnis impetus", + "en": "For as he stood amid the gazing crowd, dismayed, unarmed, and cast his eyes about the Phrygian bands, Alas! he cried, what land now, what seas can receive me? Or what fate at the last yet awaits my misery? No place at all have I among the Greeks, and the Trojans themselves, too, wildly clamour for vengeance and my life. At that wail our mood was changed and all violence checked." + }, + { + "id": 17426, + "la": "hortamur fari, quo sanguine cretus, quidve ferat; memoret, quae sit fiducia capto", + "en": "We urge him to say from what blood he is sprung and what tidings he brings. Tell us, we cry, on what you rely, now that you are our prisoner." + }, + { + "id": 17427, + "la": "ille haec, deposita tandem formidine, fatur", + "en": "At last he lays aside his fear and speaks these words:" + }, + { + "id": 17428, + "la": "Cuncta equidem tibi, rex, fuerit quodcumque, fatebor vera, inquit: neque me Argolica de gente negabo: hoc primum; nec si miserum Fortuna Sinonem finxit, vanum etiam mendacemque improba finget", + "en": "Surely, king, he says, whatever befalls, I will tell all to you, nor will I deny that I am of Argive birth. This first I own; nor, if Fortune has moulded Sinon for misery, will she also in her spite mould him as false and lying." + }, + { + "id": 17429, + "la": "fando aliquod si forte tuas pervenit ad auris Belidae nomen Palamedis et incluta fama gloria, quem falsa sub proditione Pelasgi insontem infando indicio, quia bella vetabat, demisere neci, nunc cassum lumine lugent: illi me comitem et consanguinitate propinquum pauper in arma pater primis huc misit ab annis", + "en": "If it chance that speech to your ears has brought some rumour of Palamedes, son of Belus, and the glory of his fame whom under false evidence, by wicked witnessing, because he forbade the war, the Pelasgians sent down innocent to death, and mourn him, now that he is bereft of light'in his company, being of kindred blood, my father, poor as he was, sent me hither to arms in my earliest years." + }, + { + "id": 17430, + "la": "", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 17431, + "la": "dum stabat regno incolumis regumque vigebat conciliis, et nos aliquod nomenque decusque gessimus", + "en": "While he stood secure in princely power and strong in the councils of the kings, we, too, bore some name and renown." + }, + { + "id": 17432, + "la": "invidia postquam pellacis Ulixi (haud ignota loquor) superis concessit ab oris, adflictus vitam in tenebris luctuque trahebam et casum insontis mecum indignabar amici", + "en": "But when through the malice of subtle Ulysses'not unknown is the tale'he passed from this world above, I dragged on my ruined life in darkness and grief, wrathful in my heart over the fate of my innocent friend." + }, + { + "id": 17433, + "la": "nec tacui demens et me, fors si qua tulisset, si patrios umquam remeassem victor ad Argos, promisi ultorem et verbis odia aspera movi", + "en": "Nor in my madness was I silent, but, if any chance should offer, if I ever returned in triumph to my native Argos, I vowed myself his avenger and with my words awoke fierce hate." + }, + { + "id": 17434, + "la": "hinc mihi prima mali labes, hinc semper Ulixes criminibus terrere novis, hinc spargere voces in vulgum ambiguas et quaerere conscius arma", + "en": "Hence for me the first taint of ill; hence would Ulysses ever terrify me with new charges; hence would he sow dark rumours in the crowd and with guilty fear seek weapons." + }, + { + "id": 17435, + "la": "nec requievit enim, donec Calchante ministro' sed quid ego haec autem nequiquam ingrata revolvo? quidve moror? si omnis uno ordine habetis Achivos idque audire sat est, iamdudum sumite poenas: hoc Ithacus velit et magno mercentur Atridae.", + "en": "Nor indeed did he rest until with Calchas as his tool'but why do I vainly unroll this unwelcome tale? Or why delay you? If you hold all Achaeans in one rank, and if it is enough to hear that, take your vengeance at once; this the Ithacan would wish and the sons of Atreus buy at a great price!" + }, + { + "id": 17436, + "la": "Tum vero ardemus scitari et quaerere causas, ignari scelerum tantorum artisque Pelasgae", + "en": "Then indeed we burn to inquire and ask the causes, strangers as we were to wickedness so great and to Pelasgian guile." + }, + { + "id": 17437, + "la": "prosequitur pavitans et ficto pectore fatur: Saepe fugam Danai Troia cupiere relicta moliri et longo fessi discedere bello: fecissentque utinam! saepe illos aspera ponti interclusit hiems et terruit Auster euntis;", + "en": "Trembling he takes up the tale and speaks with feigned emotion: Often the Greeks longed to quit Troy, compass a retreat, and depart, weary with the long war; and how I wish that they had done so! Often a fierce tempest on the deep cut them off and the gale scared them from going." + }, + { + "id": 17438, + "la": "praecipue, cum iam hic trabibus contextus acernis staret equus, toto sonuerunt aethere nimbi", + "en": "Above all, when this horse was ready, a structure compacted of maple beams, storm clouds thundered throughout the sky." + }, + { + "id": 17439, + "la": "suspensi Eurypylum scitatum oracula Phoebi mittimus, isque adytis haec tristia dicta reportat: sanguine placastis ventos et virgine caesa, cum primum Iliacas, Danai, venistis ad oras: sanguine quaerendi reditus animaque litandum Argolica.", + "en": "Perplexed, we send Eurypylus to ask the oracle of Phoebus, and he brings back from the shrine these gloomy words: With blood of a slain virgin you appeased the winds, when first, Greeks, you came to the Ilian coasts; with blood must you win your return and gain favour by an Argive life." + }, + { + "id": 17440, + "la": "vulgi quae vox ut venit ad auris, obstipuere animi, gelidusque per ima cucurrit ossa tremor, cui fata parent, quem poscat Apollo", + "en": "When this utterance came to the ears of the crowd, their hearts were dazed, and a cold shudder ran through their inmost marrow. For whom is fate preparing this doom? Whom does Apollo claim?" + }, + { + "id": 17441, + "la": "hic Ithacus vatem magno Calchanta tumultu protrahit in medios; quae sint ea numina divum, flagitat", + "en": "On this the Ithacan with loud clamour drags the seer Calchas into their midst and demands what this is that the gods will." + }, + { + "id": 17442, + "la": "et mihi iam multi crudele canebant artificis scelus et taciti ventura videbant", + "en": "And now many predicated that I was the target of the schemers cruel crime and silently saw what was to come." + }, + { + "id": 17443, + "la": "bis quinos silet ille dies tectusque recusat prodere voce sua quemquam aut opponere morti", + "en": "Twice five days is the seer silent in his tent, refusing to denounce any by his lips or to consign to death." + }, + { + "id": 17444, + "la": "vix tandem, magnis Ithaci clamoribus actus, composito rumpit vocem et me destinat arae", + "en": "Reluctantly, at last, forced by the Ithacans loud cries, even as agreed he breaks into utterance and dooms me to the altar." + }, + { + "id": 17445, + "la": "adsensere omnes et, quae sibi quisque timebat, unius in miseri exitium conversa tulere", + "en": "All approved; and what each feared for himself they bore with patience, when turned to one mans ruin." + }, + { + "id": 17446, + "la": "Iamque dies infanda aderat, mihi sacra parari et salsae fruges et circum tempora vittae", + "en": "And now the day of horror was at hand; for me the rites were preparing, the salted meal, and the fillets for my temples." + }, + { + "id": 17447, + "la": "eripui, fateor, leto me et vincula rupi limosoque lacu per noctem obscurus in ulva delitui, dum vela darent, si forte dedissent", + "en": "I snatched myself, I confess, from death; I burst my bonds, and lurked all night in a muddy mere, hidden in the sedge, until they should set sail, in case they would." + }, + { + "id": 17448, + "la": "nec mihi iam patriam antiquam spes ulla videndi nec dulcis natos exoptatumque parentem; quos illi fors et poenas ob nostra reposcent effugia et culpam hanc miserorum morte piabunt", + "en": "And now no hope have I of seeing my ancient homeland, or my sweet children and the father I long for. Of them perchance they will demand due punishment for my flight, and by their death, unhappy ones, expiate this crime of mine." + }, + { + "id": 17449, + "la": "quod te per superos et conscia numina veri, per si qua est quae restet adhuc mortalibus usquam intemerata fides, oro, miserere laborum tantorum, miserere animi non digna ferentis.", + "en": "But I beseech you, by the gods above, by the powers that know the truth, by whatever faith may still be found unstained anywhere among mortals, pity such distress; pity a soul that bears sorrow undeserved!" + }, + { + "id": 17450, + "la": "His lacrimis vitam damus et miserescimus ultro", + "en": "To these tears we grant life and pity him besides." + }, + { + "id": 17451, + "la": "ipse viro primus manicas atque arta levari vincla iubet Priamus dictisque ita fatur amicis: quisquis es, amissos hinc iam obliviscere Graios; noster eris", + "en": "Priam himself first bids his fetters and tight bonds be removed, and thus speaks with words of kindness: Whoever you are, from now on forget the Greeks you have lost; you will be one of us." + }, + { + "id": 17452, + "la": "mihique haec edissere vera roganti: quo molem hanc immanis equi statuere? quis auctor? quidve petunt? quae religio? aut quae machina belli? dixerat", + "en": "And explain to me truly this that I ask. To what end have they set up this huge mass of a horse? Who is the contriver? What is their aim? What religious offering is it? What engine of war? He ceased;" + }, + { + "id": 17453, + "la": "ille, dolis instructus et arte Pelasga, sustulit exutas vinclis ad sidera palmas: vos, aeterni ignes, et non violabile vestrum testor numen, ait, vos arae ensesque nefandi, quos fugi, vittaeque deum, quas hostia gessi: fas mihi Graiorum sacrata resolvere iura, fas odisse viros atque omnia ferre sub auras, si qua tegunt; teneor patriae nec legibus ullis", + "en": "the other, schooled in Pelasgian guile and craft, lifted to the stars his unfettered hands: You, everlasting fires, he cries, and your inviolable majesty, be my witness; you, altars, and accursed swords which I escaped, and chaplets of the gods, which I wore as victim, grant that I may rightly break my solemn obligations to the Greeks, rightly hate them and bring all things to light if they hide aught; nor am I bound by any laws of country." + }, + { + "id": 17454, + "la": "tu modo promissis maneas servataque serves, Troia, fidem, si vera feram, si magna rependam", + "en": "But Troy, stand by your promises and, yourself preserved, preserve your faith, if my tidings prove true and pay you a large return!" + }, + { + "id": 17455, + "la": "Omnis spes Danaum et coepti fiducia belli Palladis auxiliis semper stetit", + "en": "All the hope of the Danaans and their confidence in beginning the war always rested on the help of Pallas." + }, + { + "id": 17456, + "la": "impius ex quo Tydides sed enim scelerumque inventor Ulixes, fatale adgressi sacrato avellere templo Palladium, caesis summae custodibus arcis, corripuere sacram effigiem manibusque cruentis virgineas ausi divae contingere vittas: ex illo fluere ac retro sublapsa referri v spes Danaum, fractae vires, aversa deae mens", + "en": "But from the time that the ungodly son of Tydeus and Ulysses, the author of crime, dared to tear the fateful Palladium from its hallowed shrine, slew the guards of the citadel-height, and, snatching up the sacred image, ventured with bloody hands to touch the fillets of the maiden goddess'from that time the hopes of the Danaans ebbed and, stealing backward, receded; their strength was broken and the heart of the goddess estranged." + }, + { + "id": 17457, + "la": "nec dubiis ea signa dedit Tritonia monstris", + "en": "And with no doubtful portents did Tritonia give signs thereof." + }, + { + "id": 17458, + "la": "vix positum castris simulacrum, arsere coruscae luminibus flammae arrectis salsusque per artus sudor iit, terque ipsa solo (mirabile dictu) emicuit parmamque ferens hastamque trementem", + "en": "Scarcely was the image placed within the camp, when from the upraised eyes there blazed forth flickering flames, salt sweat coursed over the limbs, and thrice, wonderful to relate, the goddess herself flashed forth from the ground with shield and quivering spear." + }, + { + "id": 17459, + "la": "extemplo temptanda fuga canit aequora Calchas, nec posse Argolicis exscindi Pergama telis, omina ni repetant Argis numenque reducant, quod pelago et curvis secum avexere carinis", + "en": "Straightway Calchas prophesies that the seas must be essayed in flight, and that Pergamus cannot be uptorn by Argive weapons, unless they seek new omens at Argos, and escort back the deity, whom they have taken away overseas in their curved ships." + }, + { + "id": 17460, + "la": "et nunc quod patrias vento petiere Mycenas, arma deosque parant comites, pelagoque remenso improvisi aderunt", + "en": "And now that before the wind they are bound for their native Mycenae, it is but to get them forces and attendant gods; then, recrossing the sea, they will be here unlooked for." + }, + { + "id": 17461, + "la": "ita digerit omina Calchas", + "en": "So Calchas interprets the omens." + }, + { + "id": 17462, + "la": "hanc pro Palladio moniti, pro numine laeso effigiem statuere, nefas quae triste piaret", + "en": "This image, at his warning, they have set up in atonement for the Palladium, for the insult to deity, and to expiate the woeful sacrilege." + }, + { + "id": 17463, + "la": "hanc tamen immensam Calchas attollere molem roboribus textis caeloque educere iussit, ne recipi portis aut duci in moenia posset, neu populum antiqua sub religione tueri", + "en": "Yet Calchas bade them raise this mass of interlaced timbers so huge, and to build it up to heaven, so that it might find no entrance at the gates, be drawn within the walls, or guard the people under shelter of their ancient faith." + }, + { + "id": 17464, + "la": "nam si vestra manus violasset dona Minervae, tum magnum exitium (quod di prius omen in ipsum convertant!) Priami imperio Phrygibusque futurum; sin manibus vestris vestram ascendisset in urbem, ultro Asiam magno Pelopea ad moenia bello venturam, et nostros ea fata manere nepotes.", + "en": "For if hand of yours should wrong Minervas offering, then utter destruction'may the gods turn rather on himself that augury!'would fall on Priams empire and the Phrygians; but if by your hands it climbed into your city, Asia would even advance in mighty war to the walls of Pelops, and such would be the doom awaiting our offspring!" + }, + { + "id": 17465, + "la": "Talibus insidiis periurique arte Sinonis credita res, captique dolis lacrimisque coactis, quos neque Tydides nec Larisaeus Achilles, non anni domuere decem, non mille carinae", + "en": "Through such snares and craft of forsworn Sinon the story won belief, and we were ensnared by wiles and forced tears'we whom neither the son of Tydeus nor Achilles of Larissa laid low, not ten years, not a thousand ships!" + }, + { + "id": 17466, + "la": "Hic aliud maius miseris multoque tremendum obicitur magis atque improvida pectora turbat", + "en": "Hereupon another portent, more fell and more frightful by far, is thrust upon us, unhappy ones, and confounds our unforeseeing souls." + }, + { + "id": 17467, + "la": "Laocoon, ductus Neptuno sorte sacerdos, sollemnis taurum ingentem mactabat ad aras", + "en": "Laocoon, priest of Neptune, as drawn by lot, was slaying a great bull at the wonted altars;" + }, + { + "id": 17468, + "la": "ecce autem gemini a Tenedo tranquilla per alta (horresco referens) immensis orbibus angues incumbunt pelago pariterque ad litora tendunt: pectora quorum inter fluctus arrecta iubaeque sanguineae superant undas; pars cetera pontum pone legit sinuatque immensa volumine terga", + "en": "and lo! from Tenedos, over the peaceful depths'I shudder as I speak'a pair of serpents with endless coils are breasting the sea and side by side making for the shore. Their bosoms rise amid the surge, and their crests, bloodred, overtop the waves; the rest of them skims the main behind and their huge backs curve in many a fold;" + }, + { + "id": 17469, + "la": "fit sonitus spumante salo; iamque arva tenebant ardentisque oculos suffecti sanguine et igni sibila lambebant linguis vibrantibus ora", + "en": "we hear the noise as the water foams. And now they were gaining the fields and, with blazing eyes suffused with blood and fire, were licking with quivering tongues their hissing mouths." + }, + { + "id": 17470, + "la": "diffugimus visu exsangues", + "en": "Pale at the sight, we scatter." + }, + { + "id": 17471, + "la": "illi agmine certo Laocoonta petunt; et primum parva duorum corpora natorum serpens amplexus uterque implicat et miseros morsu depascitur artus; post ipsum, auxilio subeuntem ac tela ferentem, corripiunt spirisque ligant ingentibus: et iam bis medium amplexi, bis collo squamea circum terga dati, superant capite et cervicibus altis", + "en": "They in unswerving course make for Laocon; and first each serpent enfolds in its embrace the small bodies of his two sons and with its fangs feeds upon the hapless limbs. Then himself too, as he comes to their aid, weapons in hand, they seize and bind in mighty folds; and now, twice encircling his waist, twice winding their scaly backs around his throat, they tower above with head and lofty necks." + }, + { + "id": 17472, + "la": "ille simul manibus tendit divellere nodos, perfusus sanie vittas atroque veneno, clamores simul horrendos ad sidera tollit, qualis mugitus, fugit cum saucius aram taurus et incertam excussit cervice securim", + "en": "He the while strains his hands to burst the knots, his fillets steeped in gore and black venom; the while he lifts to heaven hideous cries, like the bellowings of a wounded bull that has fled from the altar and shaken from its neck the ill-aimed axe." + }, + { + "id": 17473, + "la": "at gemini lapsu delubra ad summa dracones effugiunt saevaeque petunt Tritonidis arcem, sub pedibusque deae clipeique sub orbe teguntur", + "en": "But, gliding away, the dragon pair escape to the lofty shrines, and seek fierce Tritonias citadel, there to nestle under the goddesss feet and the circle of her shield." + }, + { + "id": 17474, + "la": "", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 17475, + "la": "tum vero tremefacta novus per pectora cunctis insinuat pavor, et scelus expendisse merentem Laocoonta ferunt, sacrum qui cuspide robur laeserit et tergo sceleratam intorserit hastam", + "en": "Then indeed a strange terror steals through the shuddering hearts of all, and they say that Laocon has rightly paid the penalty of crime, who with his lance profaned the sacred oak and hurled into its body the accursed spear." + }, + { + "id": 17476, + "la": "ducendum ad sedes simulacrum orandaque divae numina conclamant", + "en": "Draw the image to her house, all cry, and supplicate her godhead." + }, + { + "id": 17477, + "la": "dividimus muros et moenia pandimus urbis", + "en": "We part the walls and lay bare the citys battlements." + }, + { + "id": 17478, + "la": "accingunt omnes operi pedibusque rotarum subiciunt lapsus et stuppea vincula collo intendunt", + "en": "All gird themselves for the work; under the feet they place gliding wheels, and about the neck stretch hemp bands." + }, + { + "id": 17479, + "la": "scandit fatalis machina muros, feta armis", + "en": "The fateful engine climbs our walls, big with arms." + }, + { + "id": 17480, + "la": "pueri circum innuptaeque puellae sacra canunt funemque manu contingere gaudent; illa subit mediaeque minans inlabitur urbi", + "en": "Around it boys and unwedded girls chant holy songs and delight to touch the cable with their hands. Up it moves, and glides threatening into the citys midst." + }, + { + "id": 17481, + "la": "o patria, o divum domus Ilium et incluta bello moenia Dardanidum! quater ipso in limine portae substitit, atque utero sonitum quater arma dedere: instamus tamen immemores caecique furore et monstrum infelix sacrata sistimus arce", + "en": "O my country! O Ilium, home of gods, and you Dardan battlements, famed in war! Four times at the gates very threshold it halted, and four times from its belly the armour clashed; yet we press on, heedless and blind with rage, and set the ill-omened monster on our hallowed citadel." + }, + { + "id": 17482, + "la": "tunc etiam fatis aperit Cassandra futuris ora, dei iussu non umquam credita Teucris", + "en": "Even then Cassandra opened her lips for the coming doom'lips at a gods command never believed by the Trojans." + }, + { + "id": 17483, + "la": "nos delubra deum miseri, quibus ultimus esset ille dies, festa velamus fronde per urbem", + "en": "We, hapless ones, for whom that day was our last, wreathe the shrines of the gods with festal boughs throughout the city." + }, + { + "id": 17484, + "la": "Vertitur interea caelum et ruit Oceano nox, involvens umbra magna terramque polumque Myrmidonumque dolos; fusi per moenia Teucri conticuere, sopor fessos complectitur artus", + "en": "Meanwhile the sky revolves and night rushes from the ocean, wrapping in its mighty shade earth and heaven and the wiles of the Myrmidons. Through the town the Teucrians lay stretched in silence; sleep clasps their weary limbs." + }, + { + "id": 17485, + "la": "et iam Argiva phalanx instructis navibus ibat a Tenedo, tacitae per amica silentia lunae litora nota petens, flammas cum regia puppis extulerat, fatisque deum defensus iniquis inclusos utero Danaos et pinea furtim laxat claustra Sinon", + "en": "And now the Argive host, with marshalled ships, was moving from Tenedos, amid the friendly silence of the mute moon, seeking the well-known shores, when the royal galley had raised the beacon light'and Sinon, shielded by the gods malign doom, stealthily sets free from the barriers of pine the Danaans shut within the womb." + }, + { + "id": 17486, + "la": "illos patefactus ad auras reddit equus, laetique cavo se robore promunt Thessandrus Sthenelusque duces et dirus Ulixes, demissum lapsi per funem, Acamasque Thoasque Pelidesque Neoptolemus primusque Machaon et Menelaus et ipse doli fabricator Epeos", + "en": "The opened horse restores them to the air, and joyfully from the hollow wood come forth Thessandrus and Sthenelus the captains, and dread Ulysses, sliding down the lowered rope; Acamas and Thoas and Neoptolemus of Peleus line, prince Machaon, Menelaus, and Epeus himself, who devised the fraud." + }, + { + "id": 17487, + "la": "invadunt urbem somno vinoque sepultam, caeduntur vigiles, portisque patentibus omnis accipiunt socios atque agmina conscia iungunt", + "en": "They storm the city, buried in sleep and wine; they slay the watch, and at the open gates welcome all their comrades and unite confederate bands." + }, + { + "id": 17488, + "la": "Tempus erat, quo prima quies mortalibus aegris incipit et dono divum gratissima serpit", + "en": "It was the hour when the first rest of weary mortals begins, and by grace of the gods steals over them most sweet." + }, + { + "id": 17489, + "la": "in somnis, ecce, ante oculos maestissimus Hector visus adesse mihi largosque effundere fletus, raptatus bigis, ut quondam, aterque cruento pulvere perque pedes traiectus lora tumentis", + "en": "In slumbers, I dreamed that Hector, most sorrowful and shedding floods of tears, stood before my eyes, torn by the car, as once of old, and black with gory dust, his swollen feet pierced with thongs." + }, + { + "id": 17490, + "la": "ei mihi, qualis erat! quantum mutatus ab illo Hectore, qui redit exuvias indutus Achilli vel Danaum Phrygios iaculatus puppibus ignis! squalentem barbam et concretos sanguine crinis vulneraque illa gerens, quae circum plurima muros accepit patrios", + "en": "Ah me, what aspect was his! How changed he was from that Hector who returns after donning the spoils of Achilles or hurling on Danaan ships the Phrygian fires'with ragged beard, with hair matted with blood, and bearing those many wounds he received around his native walls." + }, + { + "id": 17491, + "la": "ultro flens ipse videbar compellare virum et maestas expromere voces: o lux Dardaniae, spes o fidissima Teucrum, quae tantae tenuere morae? quibus Hector ab oris exspectate venis? ut te post multa tuorum funera, post varios hominumque urbisque labores defessi aspicimus! quae causa indigna serenos foedavit vultus? aut cur haec vulnera cerno? ille nihil, nec me quaerentem vana moratur, sed graviter gemitus imo de pectore ducens, heu! fuge, nate dea, teque his, ait, eripe flammis", + "en": "I dreamed I wept myself, hailing him first, and uttering words of grief: O light of the Dardan land, surest hope of the Trojans, what long delay has held you? From what shores, Hector, the long looked for, do you come? Oh, how gladly after the many deaths of your kin, after woes untold of citizens and city, our weary eyes behold you! What shameful cause has marred that unclouded face? Why do I see these wounds? He answers not, nor heeds my idle questioning, but drawing heavy sighs from his bosoms depths, Ah, flee, goddess-born, he cries, and escape from these flames." + }, + { + "id": 17492, + "la": "", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 17493, + "la": "hostis habet muros; ruit alto a culmine Troia", + "en": "The foe holds our walls; Troy falls from her lofty height." + }, + { + "id": 17494, + "la": "sat patriae Priamoque datum: si Pergama dextra defendi possent, etiam hac defensa fuissent", + "en": "All claims are paid to king and country; if Troys towers could be saved by strength of hand, by mine, too, had they been saved." + }, + { + "id": 17495, + "la": "sacra suosque tibi commendat Troia Penates: hos cape fatorum comites, his moenia quaere magna, pererrato statues quae denique ponto", + "en": "Troy entrusts to you her holy things and household gods; take them to share your fortunes: seek for them the mighty city, which, when you have wandered over the deep, you shall at last establish!" + }, + { + "id": 17496, + "la": "sic ait, et manibus vittas Vestamque potentem aeternumque adytis effert penetralibus ignem", + "en": "So he speaks and in his hands brings forth from the inner shrine the fillets, great Vesta, and the undying fire." + }, + { + "id": 17497, + "la": "Diverso interea miscentur moenia luctu, et magis atque magis, quamquam secreta parentis Anchisae domus arboribusque obtecta recessit, clarescunt sonitus armorumque ingruit horror", + "en": "On every side, meanwhile, the city is in a turmoil of anguish; and more and more, though my father Anchises house lay far withdrawn and screened by trees, clearer grow the sounds and wars dread din sweeps on." + }, + { + "id": 17498, + "la": "excutior somno et summi fastigia tecti ascensu supero atque arrectis auribus adsto: in segetem veluti cum flamma furentibus Austris incidit, aut rapidus montano flumine torrens sternit agros, sternit sata laeta boumque labores praecipitesque trahit silvas; stupet inscius alto accipiens sonitum saxi de vertice pastor", + "en": "I shake myself from sleep and, climbing to the roofs topmost height, stand with straining ears: even as, when fire falls on a cornfield while south winds are raging, or the rushing torrent from a mountain stream lays low the fields, lays low the glad crops and labours of oxen and drags down forests headlong, spellbound the bewildered shepherd hears the roar from a rocks lofty peak." + }, + { + "id": 17499, + "la": "tum vero manifesta fides, Danaumque patescunt insidiae", + "en": "Then indeed the truth is clear and the guile of the Danaans grows manifest." + }, + { + "id": 17500, + "la": "iam Deiphobi dedit ampla ruinam Volcano superante domus; iam proximus ardet Ucalegon; Sigea igni freta lata relucent", + "en": "Even now the spacious house of Deiphobus has fallen, as the fire god towers above; even now his neighbour Ucalegon blazes; the broad Sigean straits reflect the flames." + }, + { + "id": 17501, + "la": "exoritur clamorque virum clangorque tubarum", + "en": "Then rise the cries of men and the blare of clarions." + }, + { + "id": 17502, + "la": "arma amens capio; nec sat rationis in armis, sed glomerare manum bello et concurrere in arcem cum sociis ardent animi; furor iraque mentem praecipitant, pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis", + "en": "Frantic I seize arms; yet little purpose is there in arms, but my heart burns to muster a force for battle and hasten with my comrades to the citadel. Frenzy and anger drive my soul headlong and I think how glorious it is to die in arms!" + }, + { + "id": 17503, + "la": "Ecce autem telis Panthus elapsus Achivum, Panthus Othryades, arcis Phoebique sacerdos, sacra manu victosque deos parvumque nepotem ipse trahit cursuque amens ad limina tendit", + "en": "But lo! Panthus, escaping from Achaean swords'Panthus, son of Othrys, priest of Phoebus on the citadel'in his own hand bearing the holy things and vanquished gods, and dragging his little grandchild, runs frantic to my doors." + }, + { + "id": 17504, + "la": "quo res summa loco, Panthu? quam prendimus arcem? vix ea fatus eram, gemitu cum talia reddit: venit summa dies et ineluctabile tempus Dardaniae", + "en": "Where is the crisis, Panthus? What stronghold are we to seize? Scarcely had I said the words, when with a groan he answers thus: It is come'the last day and inevitable hour for Troy." + }, + { + "id": 17505, + "la": "fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium et ingens gloria Teucrorum; ferus omnia Iuppiter Argos transtulit; incensa Danai dominantur in urbe", + "en": "We Trojans are no more, Ilium is no more, nor the great glory of the Teucrians; in wrath Jupiter has taken all away to Argos; our city is aflame, and in it the Greeks are lords." + }, + { + "id": 17506, + "la": "arduus armatos mediis in moenibus astans fundit equus victorque Sinon incendia miscet insultans", + "en": "The horse, standing high in the citys midst, pours forth armed men, and Sinon, victorious, insolently scatters flames!" + }, + { + "id": 17507, + "la": "portis alii bipatentibus adsunt, milia quot magnis umquam venere Mycenis; obsedere alii telis angusta viarum oppositis; stat ferri acies mucrone corusco stricta, parata neci; vix primi proelia temptant portarum vigiles et caeco Marte resistunt.", + "en": "Some are at the wide-open gates, as many thousands as ever came from mighty Mycenae; others with confronting weapons have barred the narrow ways; a standing line of steel, with flashing point unsheathed, is ready for the slaughter. Scarce do the first guards of the gates essay battle, and resist in blind warfare." + }, + { + "id": 17508, + "la": "talibus Othryadae dictis et numine divum in flammas et in arma feror, quo tristis Erinys, quo fremitus vocat et sublatus ad aethera clamor", + "en": "By such words of Othrys son and by divine will I am driven amid flames and weapons, where the fell Fury, where the roar and the shouts rising to heaven call." + }, + { + "id": 17509, + "la": "addunt se socios Rhipeus et maximus armis Epytus, oblati per lunam, Hypanisque Dymasque, et lateri adglomerant nostro, iuvenisque Coroebus Mygdonides: illis ad Troiam forte diebus venerat, insano Cassandrae incensus amore, et gener auxilium Priamo Phrygibusque ferebat, infelix, qui non sponsae praecepta furentis audierit", + "en": "Then, falling in with me in the moonlight, comrades join me, and there gather to our side Rhipeus and Epytus, mighty in arms, Hypanis and Dymas, with young Coroebus, son of Mygdon. In those days, as it chanced, he had come to Troy, fired with mad love for Cassandra, and as a son was bringing aid to Priam and the Phrygians'luckless one, not to have heeded the warning of his inspired bride." + }, + { + "id": 17510, + "la": "quos ubi confertos audere in proelia vidi, incipio super his: iuvenes, fortissima frustra pectora, si vobis audentem extrema cupido certa sequi, quae sit rebus fortuna videtis", + "en": "When I saw them in close ranks and eager for battle, I thereupon begin thus: My men, hearts vainly valiant, if your desire is fixed to follow me in my final venture, you see what is the fate of our cause." + }, + { + "id": 17511, + "la": "excessere omnes adytis arisque relictis di, quibus imperium hoc steterat; succurritis urbi incensae", + "en": "All the gods on whom this empire was stayed have gone forth, leaving shrine and altar; the city you aid is in flames." + }, + { + "id": 17512, + "la": "moriamur et in media arma ruamus", + "en": "Let us die, and rush into the battles midst!" + }, + { + "id": 17513, + "la": "una salus victis nullam sperare salutem.", + "en": "One chance the vanquished have, to hope for none." + }, + { + "id": 17514, + "la": "Sic animis iuvenum furor additus", + "en": "Thus their young spirits were spurred to fury." + }, + { + "id": 17515, + "la": "inde, lupi ceu raptores atra in nebula, quos improba ventris exegit caecos rabies catulique relicti faucibus exspectant siccis, per tela, per hostis vadimus haud dubiam in mortem mediaeque tenemus urbis iter; nox atra cava circumvolat umbra", + "en": "Then, like ravening wolves in a black mist, when the bellys lawless rage has driven them blindly forth, and their whelps at home await them with thirsty jaws, through swords, through foes we pass to certain death, and hold our way to the citys heart; black night hovers around with sheltering shade." + }, + { + "id": 17516, + "la": "quis cladem illius noctis, quis funera fando explicet aut possit lacrimis aequare labores? urbs antiqua ruit, multos dominata per annos; plurima perque vias sternuntur inertia passim corpora perque domos et religiosa deorum limina", + "en": "Who could unfold in speech that nights havoc? Who its carnage? Who could match our toils with tears? The ancient city falls, for many years a queen; in heaps lifeless corpses lie scattered amid the streets, amid the homes and hallowed portals of the gods." + }, + { + "id": 17517, + "la": "nec soli poenas dant sanguine Teucri: quondam etiam victis redit in praecordia virtus victoresque cadunt Danai", + "en": "Nor do Teucrians alone pay penalty with their lifeblood; at times valour returns to the hearts of the vanquished also and the Danaan victors fall." + }, + { + "id": 17518, + "la": "crudelis ubique luctus, ubique pavor et plurima mortis imago", + "en": "Everywhere is cruel grief, everywhere panic, and full many a shape of death." + }, + { + "id": 17519, + "la": "Primus se Danaum magna comitante caterva Androgeos offert nobis, socia agmina credens inscius, atque ultro verbis compellat amicis: festinate, viri! nam quae tam sera moratur segnities? alii rapiunt incensa feruntque Pergama; vos celsis nunc primum a navibus itis? dixit et extemplo (neque enim responsa dabantur fida satis) sensit medios delapsus in hostis", + "en": "First, with a great throng of Greeks attending him, Androgeos meets us, in ignorance deeming us an allied band, and hails us forthwith in friendly words: Hurry, men; what sloth keeps you back so long? Others sack and ravage burning Pergamus; are you but now coming from the tall ships? He spoke, and at once'for no reply that he could well trust was offered'knew that he had fallen into the midst of foes." + }, + { + "id": 17520, + "la": "obstipuit retroque pedem cum voce repressit", + "en": "He was dazed, and drawing back checked foot and voice." + }, + { + "id": 17521, + "la": "improvisum aspris veluti qui sentibus anguem pressit humi nitens, trepidusque repente refugit attollentem iras et caerula colla tumentem;", + "en": "As one who has crushed a serpent unseen amid the rough briars, when stepping firmly on the ground, and in sudden terror shrinks back as it rises in wrath and puffs out its purple neck;" + }, + { + "id": 17522, + "la": "haud secus Androgeos visu tremefactus abibat", + "en": "so Androgeos, affrighted at the sight, was drawing away." + }, + { + "id": 17523, + "la": "inruimus densis et circumfundimur armis, ignarosque loci passim et formidine captos sternimus", + "en": "We charge and with serried arms stream around them; in their ignorance of the ground and the surprise of their panic we slay them on all sides." + }, + { + "id": 17524, + "la": "adspirat primo Fortuna labori", + "en": "Fortune favours our first effort." + }, + { + "id": 17525, + "la": "atque hic successu exsultans animisque Coroebus, o socii, qua prima inquit fortuna salutis monstrat iter, quaque ostendit se dextra, sequamur: mutemus clipeos Danaumque insignia nobis aptemus", + "en": "And here, flushed with success and courage, Coroebus cries: Comrades, where fortune first points out the road to safety and where she shows herself auspicious, let us follow. Let us change the shields and don Danaan emblems;" + }, + { + "id": 17526, + "la": "dolus an virtus, quis in hoste requirat? arma dabunt ipsi.", + "en": "whether this is deceit or valour, who would ask in warfare? Our foes themselves shall give us weapons." + }, + { + "id": 17527, + "la": "sic fatus deinde comantem Androgei galeam clipeique insigne decorum induitur laterique Argivum accommodat ensem", + "en": "So saying, he then puts on the plumed helmet of And rogeos, and the shield with its comely device, and fits to his side the Argive sword." + }, + { + "id": 17528, + "la": "hoc Rhipeus, hoc ipse Dymas omnisque iuventus laeta facit; spoliis se quisque recentibus armat", + "en": "So does Rhipeus, so Dymas too, and all the youth in delight; each man arms himself in the new-won spoils." + }, + { + "id": 17529, + "la": "vadimus immixti Danais haud numine nostro, multaque per caecam congressi proelia noctem conserimus, multos Danaum demittimus Orco", + "en": "We move on, mingling with the Greeks, under gods not our own, and in the blind night we clash in many a close fight, and many a Greek we send down to Orcus." + }, + { + "id": 17530, + "la": "diffugiunt alii ad navis et litora cursu fida petunt, pars ingentem formidine turpi scandunt rursus equum et nota conduntur in alvo", + "en": "Some scatter to the ships and make with speed for safe shores; some in base terror again climb the huge horse and hide in the familiar womb." + }, + { + "id": 17531, + "la": "Heu! nihil invitis fas quemquam fidere divis! ecce trahebatur passis Priameia virgo crinibus a templo Cassandra adytisque Minervae, ad caelum tendens ardentia lumina frustra, lumina, nam teneras arcebant vincula palmas", + "en": "Alas, it is wrong for man to rely on the gods for anything against their will! Lo! Priams daughter, the maiden Cassandra, was being dragged with streaming hair from the temple and shrine of Minerva, vainly uplifting to heaven her blazing eyes'her eyes, for bonds confined her tender hands." + }, + { + "id": 17532, + "la": "non tulit hanc speciem furiata mente Coroebus et sese medium iniecit periturus in agmen", + "en": "Maddened in soul, Coroebus brooked not this sight, but flung himself to death into the midst of the band." + }, + { + "id": 17533, + "la": "consequimur cuncti et densis incurrimus armis", + "en": "We all follow and charge with serried arms." + }, + { + "id": 17534, + "la": "hic primum ex alto delubri culmine telis nostrorum obruimur oriturque miserrima caedes armorum facie et Graiarum errore iubarum", + "en": "Here first from the high temple roof we are overwhelmed with the weapons of our friends, and piteous slaughter arises from the appearance of our arms and the confusion of our Greek crests." + }, + { + "id": 17535, + "la": "tum Danai gemitu atque ereptae virginis ira undique collecti invadunt, acerrimus Aiax et gemini Atridae Dolopumque exercitus omnis: adversi rupto ceu quondam turbine venti confligunt, Zephyrusque Notusque et laetus Eois Eurus equis; stridunt silvae saevitque tridenti spumeus atque imo Nereus ciet aequora fundo", + "en": "Then the Danaans, with a shout of rage at the maidens rescue, mustering from all sides, fall upon us, Ajax most fiercely, the two sons of Atreus, and the whole Dolopian host: even as at times, when a hurricane bursts forth, diverse winds clash, West and South and East, proud of his orient steeds; the forests groan and Nereus, steeped in foam, storms with his trident, and stirs the seas from their lowest depths." + }, + { + "id": 17536, + "la": "illi etiam, si quos obscura nocte per umbram fudimus insidiis totaque agitavimus urbe, apparent; primi clipeos mentitaque tela agnoscunt atque ora sono discordia signant", + "en": "There appear, too, those whom amid the shade of the dim night we had routed by stratagem and driven throughout the town; they first recognize our shields and lying weapons, and mark our speech as differing in tone." + }, + { + "id": 17537, + "la": "ilicet obruimur numero, primusque Coroebus Penelei dextra divae armipotentis ad aram procumbit; cadit et Rhipeus, iustissimus unus qui fuit in Teucris et servantissimus aequi (dis aliter visum); pereunt Hypanisque Dymasque confixi a sociis; nec te tua plurima, Panthu, labentem pietas nec Apollinis infula texit", + "en": "Straightway we are outnumbered; and first Coroebus falls at the hand of Peneleus by the altar of the warrior goddess; Rhipeus, too, falls, most just of all the Trojans, most zealous for the right, but Heavens will was otherwise; Hypanis and Dymas perish, pierced by friends; nor could all your goodness, Panthus, nor Apollos fillet shield you in your fall!" + }, + { + "id": 17538, + "la": "Iliaci cineres et flamma extrema meorum, testor, in occasu vestro nec tela nec ullas vitavisse vices, Danaum et, si fata fuissent ut caderem, meruisse, manu", + "en": "O ashes of Ilium! O funeral flames of my kin! I call you to witness that in your doom I shunned no fight or hazard, and had the fates willed my death at the hands of the Greeks, that I had earned that death!" + }, + { + "id": 17539, + "la": "divellimur inde, Iphitus et Pelias mecum (quorum Iphitus aevo iam gravior, Pelias et vulnere tardus Ulixi), protinus ad sedes Priami clamore vocati", + "en": "We are torn from there, Iphitus and Pelias with me, Iphitus now burdened with years, Pelias slow-footed, too, under a wound from Ulysses. Straightway we are called by the clamour to Priams house." + }, + { + "id": 17540, + "la": "Hic vero ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam bella forent, nulli tota morerentur in urbe, sic Martem indomitum Danaosque ad tecta ruentis cernimus obsessumque acta testudine limen", + "en": "Here indeed is a mighty battle, as if no fighting were taking place elsewhere, as if none were dying throughout the city; so do we see the god of war unbridled, Danaans rushing to the roof and the threshold beset with an assaulting mantlet of shields." + }, + { + "id": 17541, + "la": "haerent parietibus scalae postisque sub ipsos nituntur gradibus clipeosque ad tela sinistris protecti obiciunt, prensant fastigia dextris", + "en": "Ladders hug the walls, under the very doorposts men force a way on the rungs; with left hands they hold up protecting shields against the darts, and with right they clutch the battlements." + }, + { + "id": 17542, + "la": "Dardanidae contra turris ac tota domorum culmina convellunt; his se, quando ultima cernunt, extrema iam in morte parant defendere telis; auratasque trabes, veterum decora alta parentum, devolvunt: alii strictis mucronibus imas obsedere fores; has servant agmine denso", + "en": "The Trojans in turn tear down the towers and all the rooftop of the palace; with these as missiles'for they see the end near'even at the point of death they prepare to defend themselves; and roll down gilded rafters, the stately splendours of their fathers of old. Others with drawn swords have beset the doors below, and guard them, closely massed." + }, + { + "id": 17543, + "la": "instaurati animi regis succurrere tectis auxilioque levare viros vimque addere victis", + "en": "Our spirits are quickened to succour the kings dwelling, to relieve our men by our aid and bring fresh force to the vanquished." + }, + { + "id": 17544, + "la": "Limen erat caecaeque fores et pervius usus tectorum inter se Priami postesque relicti a tergo, infelix qua se, dum regna manebant, saepius Andromache ferre incomitata solebat ad soceros et avo puerum Astyanacta trahebat", + "en": "There was an entrance with secret doors, a passage running from hall to hall of Priams palace, a postern gate apart, by which, while the kingdom yet stood, Andromache, poor soul, would often unattended pass to her husbands parents, and lead the little Astyanax to his grandsire." + }, + { + "id": 17545, + "la": "evado ad summi fastigia culminis, unde tela manu miseri iactabant inrita Teucri", + "en": "I gain the roofs topmost height, whence the hapless Teucrians were hurling their useless missiles." + }, + { + "id": 17546, + "la": "turrim in praecipiti stantem summisque sub astra eductam tectis, unde omnis Troia videri et Danaum solitae naves et Achaica castra, adgressi ferro circum, qua summa labantis iuncturas tabulata dabant, convellimus altis sedibus impulimusque; ea lapsa repente ruinam cum sonitu trahit et Danaum super agmina late incidit", + "en": "A tower stood on the sheer edge, rising skyward from the rooftop, whence all Troy was wont to be seen, and the Danaan ships and the Achaean camp. Assailing this with iron round about, where the topmost stories offered weak joints, we wrenched it from its lofty place and thrust it forth. With sudden fall it trails a thunderous ruin, and over the Danaan ranks crashes far and wide." + }, + { + "id": 17547, + "la": "ast alii subeunt, nec saxa nec ullum telorum interea cessat genus", + "en": "Yet more come up, nor meanwhile do stones nor any kind of missiles cease . . ." + }, + { + "id": 17548, + "la": "Vestibulum ante ipsum primoque in limine Pyrrhus exsultat telis et luce coruscus aena;", + "en": "Just before the entrance court and at the very portal is Pyrrhus, proudly gleaming in the sheen of brazen arms:" + }, + { + "id": 17549, + "la": "qualis ubi in lucem coluber mala gramina pastus, frigida sub terra tumidum quem bruma tegebat, nunc positis novus exuviis nitidusque iuventa lubrica convolvit sublato pectore terga, arduus ad solem, et linguis micat ore trisulcis", + "en": "just as when into the light comes a snake, fed on poisonous herbs, whom cold winter kept swollen underground, now, his slough cast off, fresh and glistening in youth, with uplifted breast he rolls his slippery length, towering towards the sun and darting from his mouth a three-forked tongue." + }, + { + "id": 17550, + "la": "una ingens Periphas et equorum agitator Achillis, armiger Automedon, una omnis Scyria pubes succedunt tecto et flammas ad culmina iactant", + "en": "With him huge Periphas and Automedon his armour bearer, driver of Achilles horses; with him all the Scyrian youth close on the dwelling and hurl flames on to the roof." + }, + { + "id": 17551, + "la": "ipse inter primos correpta dura bipenni limina perrumpit postisque a cardine vellit aeratos; iamque excisa trabe firma cavavit robora et ingentem lato dedit ore fenestram", + "en": "Pyrrhus himself among the foremost grasps a battle axe, bursts through the stubborn gateway, and from their hinge tears the brass-bound doors; and now, heaving out a panel, he has breached the solid oak and made a huge wide-mouthed gap." + }, + { + "id": 17552, + "la": "apparet domus intus et atria longa patescunt; apparent Priami et veterum penetralia regum armatosque vident stantis in limine primo", + "en": "Open to view is the house within, and the long halls are bared; open to view are the inner chambers of Priam and the kings of old, and armed men are seen standing at the very threshold." + }, + { + "id": 17553, + "la": "At domus interior gemitu miseroque tumultu miscetur, penitusque cavae plangoribus aedes femineis ululant; ferit aurea sidera clamor", + "en": "But within, amid shrieks and woeful uproar, the house is in confusion, and at its heart the vaulted halls ring with womens wails; the din strikes the golden stars." + }, + { + "id": 17554, + "la": "tum pavidae tectis matres ingentibus errant amplexaeque tenent postis atque oscula figunt", + "en": "Then through the vast dwelling trembling matrons roam, clinging fast to the doors and imprinting kisses on them." + }, + { + "id": 17555, + "la": "instat vi patria Pyrrhus: nec claustra nec ipsi custodes sufferre valent; labat ariete crebro ianua et emoti procumbunt cardine postes", + "en": "On presses Pyrrhus with his fathers might; no bars, no warders even, can stay his course. The gate totters under the rams many blows and the doors, wrenched from their sockets, fall forward." + }, + { + "id": 17556, + "la": "fit via vi; rumpunt aditus primosque trucidant immissi Danai et late loca milite complent", + "en": "Force finds a way; the Greeks, pouring in, burst a passage, slaughter the foremost, and fill the wide space with soldiery." + }, + { + "id": 17557, + "la": "non sic, aggeribus ruptis cum spumeus amnis exiit oppositasque evicit gurgite moles, fertur in arva furens cumulo camposque per omnis cum stabulis armenta trahit", + "en": "Not with such fury, when a foaming river, bursting its barriers, has overflowed and with its torrent overwhelmed the resisting banks, does it rush furiously upon the fields in a mass and over all the plains sweep herds and folds." + }, + { + "id": 17558, + "la": "vidi ipse furentem caede Neoptolemum geminosque in limine Atridas, vidi Hecubam centumque nurus Priamumque per aras sanguine foedantem quos ipse sacraverat ignis", + "en": "I myself saw on the threshold Neoptolemus, mad with slaughter, and both the sons of Atreus; I saw Hecuba and her hundred daughters, and amid the altars Priam, polluting with his blood the fires he himself had hallowed." + }, + { + "id": 17559, + "la": "quinquaginta illi thalami, spes tanta nepotum, barbarico postes auro spoliisque superbi procubuere; tenent Danai, qua deficit ignis", + "en": "The famous fifty chambers, the rich promise of offspring, the doors proud with the spoils of barbaric gold, fall low; where the fire fails, the Greeks hold sway." + }, + { + "id": 17560, + "la": "Forsitan et, Priami fuerint quae fata, requiras", + "en": "Perhaps, too, you may inquire what was Priams fate." + }, + { + "id": 17561, + "la": "urbis uti captae casum convulsaque vidit limina tectorum et medium in penetralibus hostem, arma diu senior desueta trementibus aevo circumdat nequiquam umeris et inutile ferrum cingitur, ac densos fertur moriturus in hostis", + "en": "When he saw the fall of the captured city, saw the doors of his palace shattered, and the foe in the heart of his home, old as he is, he vainly throws his long-disused armour about his aged trembling shoulders, girds on his useless sword, and rushes to his death among his thronging foes." + }, + { + "id": 17562, + "la": "aedibus in mediis nudoque sub aetheris axe ingens ara fuit iuxtaque veterrima laurus, incumbens arae atque umbra complexa Penates", + "en": "In the middle of the palace and beneath the open arch of heaven was a huge altar, and hard by an ancient laurel, leaning against the altar and clasping the household gods in its shade." + }, + { + "id": 17563, + "la": "hic Hecuba et natae nequiquam altaria circum, praecipites atra ceu tempestate columbae, condensae et divum amplexae simulacra sedebant", + "en": "Here, round the shrines, vainly crouched Hecuba and her daughters, huddled together like doves swept before a black storm, and clasping the images of the gods." + }, + { + "id": 17564, + "la": "ipsum autem sumptis Priamum iuvenalibus armis ut vidit, quae mens tam dira, miserrime coniunx, impulit his cingi telis? aut quo ruis? inquit", + "en": "But when she saw even Priam harnessed in the armour of his youth, My poor husband, she cries, what dreadful thought has driven you to don these weapons? Where are you rushing to?" + }, + { + "id": 17565, + "la": "non tali auxilio nec defensoribus istis tempus eget; non, si ipse meus nunc adforet Hector", + "en": "The hour calls not for such aid or such defenders, not though my own Hector were here himself!" + }, + { + "id": 17566, + "la": "huc tandem concede; haec ara tuebitur omnis, aut moriere simul.", + "en": "Come hither, pray; this altar will guard us all, or you will die with us!" + }, + { + "id": 17567, + "la": "sic ore effata recepit ad sese et sacra longaevum in sede locavit", + "en": "Thus she spoke, then drew the aged man to her and placed him on the holy seat." + }, + { + "id": 17568, + "la": "Ecce autem elapsus Pyrrhi de caede Polites, unus natorum Priami, per tela, per hostis, porticibus longis fugit et vacua atria lustrat saucius", + "en": "But lo! escaping from the sword of Pyrrhus, through darts, through foes, Polites, one of Priams sons, flees down the long colonnades and, wounded, traverses the empty courts." + }, + { + "id": 17569, + "la": "illum ardens infesto vulnere Pyrrhus insequitur, iam iamque manu tenet et premit hasta", + "en": "Pyrrhus presses hotly upon him eager to strike, and at any moment will catch him and overwhelm him with the spear." + }, + { + "id": 17570, + "la": "ut tandem ante oculos evasit et ora parentum, concidit ac multo vitam cum sanguine fudit", + "en": "When at last he came before the eyes and faces of his parents, he fell, and poured out his life in a stream of blood." + }, + { + "id": 17571, + "la": "hic Priamus, quamquam in media iam morte tenetur, non tamen abstinuit nec voci iraeque pepercit: at tibi pro scelere, exclamat pro talibus ausis di, si qua est caelo pietas, quae talia curet, persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant debita, qui nati coram me cernere letum fecisti et patrios foedasti funere vultus", + "en": "Hereupon Priam, though now in deaths closest grasp, yet held not back nor spared his voice and wrath: For your crime, for deeds so heinous, he cries, if in heaven there is any righteousness to mark such sins, may the gods pay you fitting thanks and render you due rewards, who has made me look on my own sons murder, and defiled with death a fathers face!" + }, + { + "id": 17572, + "la": "at non ille, satum quo te mentiris, Achilles talis in hoste fuit Priamo; sed iura fidemque supplicis erubuit corpusque exsangue sepulcro reddidit Hectoreum meque in mea regna remisit.", + "en": "Not so did Achilles deal with his foe Priam, that Achilles whose sonship you falsely claim, but he had respect for a suppliants rights and trust; he gave back to the tomb Hectors bloodless corpse and sent me back to my realm." + }, + { + "id": 17573, + "la": "sic fatus senior, telumque imbelle sine ictu coniecit, rauco quod protinus aere repulsum et summo clipei nequiquam umbone pependit", + "en": "So spoke the old man and hurled his weak and harmless spear, which straight recoiled from the clanging brass and hung idly from the top of the shields boss." + }, + { + "id": 17574, + "la": "cui Pyrrhus: referes ergo haec et nuntius ibis Pelidae genitori; illi mea tristia facta degeneremque Neoptolemum narrare memento; nunc morere.", + "en": "To him Pyrrhus: Then you shall bear this news and go as messenger to my sire, Peleus son; be sure to tell him of my sorry deeds and his degenerate Neoptolemus! Now die!" + }, + { + "id": 17575, + "la": "hoc dicens altaria ad ipsa trementem traxit et in multo lapsantem sanguine nati, implicuitque comam laeva, dextraque coruscum extulit ac lateri capulo tenus abdidit ensem", + "en": "So saying, to the very altar stones he drew him, trembling and slipping in his sons streaming blood, and wound his left hand in his hair, while with the right he raised high the flashing sword and buried it to the hilt in his side." + }, + { + "id": 17576, + "la": "haec finis Priami fatorum; hic exitus illum sorte tulit, Troiam incensam et prolapsa videntem Pergama, tot quondam populis terrisque superbum regnatorem Asiae", + "en": "Such was the close of Priams fortunes; such the doom that by fate befell him'to see Troy in flames and Pergamus laid low, he who was once lord of so many tribes and lands, the monarch of Asia." + }, + { + "id": 17577, + "la": "iacet ingens litore truncus, avulsumque umeris caput et sine nomine corpus", + "en": "He lies, a huge trunk upon the shore, a head severed from the neck, a corpse without a name!" + }, + { + "id": 17578, + "la": "At me tum primum saevus circumstetit horror", + "en": "Then first an awful horror encompassed me." + }, + { + "id": 17579, + "la": "obstipui; subiit cari genitoris imago, ut regem aequaevum crudeli vulnere vidi vitam exhalantem; subiit deserta Creusa et direpta domus et parvi casus Iuli", + "en": "I stood aghast, and there rose before me the form of my dear father, as I looked upon the king, of like age, gasping away his life under a cruel wound. There rose forlorn Cresa, the pillaged house, and the fate of little Iulus." + }, + { + "id": 17580, + "la": "respicio et, quae sit me circum copia, lustro", + "en": "I look back and scan the force about me." + }, + { + "id": 17581, + "la": "deseruere omnes defessi, et corpora saltu ad terram misere aut ignibus aegra dedere", + "en": "All, outworn, have deserted me and flung their bodies to the ground or dropped helpless into the flames." + }, + { + "id": 17582, + "la": "Iamque adeo super unus eram, cum limina Vestae servantem et tacitam secreta in sede latentem Tyndarida aspicio; dant clara incendia lucem erranti passimque oculos per cuncta ferenti", + "en": "And now I alone was left, when I saw, sheltered in Vestas shrine and silently hiding in the unfrequented fane, the daughter of Tyndareus; the bright fires give me light as I wander and cast my eyes, here and there, over the scene." + }, + { + "id": 17583, + "la": "illa sibi infestos eversa ob Pergama Teucros et Danaum poenam et deserti coniugis iras praemetuens, Troiae et patriae communis Erinys, abdiderat sese atque aris invisa sedebat", + "en": "She, fearing the Trojans anger against her for the overthrow of Pergamum, the vengeance of the Greeks, and the wrath of the husband she abandoned'she, the undoing alike of her motherland and ours'had hidden herself and was crouching, hateful creature, by the altars." + }, + { + "id": 17584, + "la": "exarsere ignes animo; subit ira cadentem ulcisci patriam et sceleratas sumere poenas", + "en": "Fire blazed up in my heart; there comes an angry desire to avenge my ruined country and exact a penalty for her sin." + }, + { + "id": 17585, + "la": "scilicet haec Spartam incolumis patriasque Mycenas aspiciet, partoque ibit regina triumpho? coniugiumque domumque, patris natosque videbit Iliadum turba et Phrygiis comitata ministris? occiderit ferro Priamus? Troia arserit igni? Dardanium totiens sudarit sanguine litus? non ita", + "en": "So is she to look unscathed on Sparta and her native Mycenae, and parade a queen in the triumph she has won? Is she to see husband and home, parents and children, attended by a train of Ilian ladies and Phrygian captives? For this is Priam to have perished by the sword? Troy burnt in flames? The Dardan shore so often soaked in blood? Not so!" + }, + { + "id": 17586, + "la": "namque etsi nullum memorabile nomen feminea in poena est, nec habet victoria laudem; exstinxisse nefas tamen et sumpsisse merentes laudabor poenas, animumque explesse iuvabit ultricis flammae et cineres satiasse meorum.", + "en": "For though there is no glorious renown in punishing a woman and such victory gains no honour, yet I shall win praise for blotting out villainy and exacting just recompense; and it will be a joy to have filled my soul with the flame of revenge and satisfied the ashes of my people." + }, + { + "id": 17587, + "la": "talia iactabam et furiata mente ferebar,", + "en": "Such words I blurted out and in frenzied mind was rushing on," + }, + { + "id": 17588, + "la": "cum mihi se, non ante oculis tam clara, videndam obtulit et pura per noctem in luce refulsit alma parens, confessa deam qualisque videri caelicolis et quanta solet, dextraque prehensum continuit roseoque haec insuper addidit ore: nate, quis indomitas tantus dolor excitat iras? quid furis? aut quonam nostri tibi cura recessit? non prius aspicies, ubi fessum aetate parentem liqueris Anchisen, superet coniunxne Creusa, Ascaniusque puer? quos omnis undique Graiae circum errant acies et, ni mea cura resistat, iam flammae tulerint, inimicus et hauserit ensis", + "en": "when my gracious mother, never before so brilliant to behold, came before my eyes, in pure radiance gleaming through the night, manifesting her deity, in beauty and stature such as she is wont to appear to the lords of heaven. She caught me by the hand and stayed me, and spoke these words besides with roseate lips: My son, what resentment thus stirs ungovernable wrath? Why this rage? Whither has your care for me fled? Will you not first see where you have left your father, age-worn Anchises, whether Cresa your wife and the boy Ascanius still live? All these the Greek lines compass round on every side, and did not my love prevent it, by now the flames would have swept them away and the hostile sword would have drunk their blood." + }, + { + "id": 17589, + "la": "non tibi Tyndaridis facies invisa Lacaenae culpatusve Paris; divum inclementia, divum, has evertit opes sternitque a culmine Troiam", + "en": "Know that it is not the hated face of the Laconian woman, daughter of Tyndareus, it is not Paris that is to blame; but the gods, the relentless gods, overturn this wealth and make Troy topple from her pinnacle." + }, + { + "id": 17590, + "la": "aspice (namque omnem, quae nunc obducta tuenti mortalis hebetat visus tibi et umida circum caligat, nubem eripiam; tu ne qua parentis iussa time neu praeceptis parere recusa): hic, ubi disiectas moles avulsaque saxis saxa vides mixtoque undantem pulvere fumum, Neptunus muros magnoque emota tridenti fundamenta quatit totamque a sedibus urbem eruit", + "en": "Behold'for all the cloud, which now, drawn over your sight, dulls your mortal vision and with dank pall enshrouds you, I will tear away; fear no commands of your mother nor refuse to obey her counsels'here, where you see shattered piles and rocks torn from rocks, and smoke eddying up mixed with dust, Neptune shakes the walls and foundations that his mighty trident has upheaved, and uproots all the city from her base." + }, + { + "id": 17591, + "la": "hic Iuno Scaeas saevissima portas prima tenet sociumque furens a navibus agmen ferro accincta vocat", + "en": "Here Juno, fiercest of all, is foremost to hold the Scaean gates and, girt with steel, furiously calls from the ships her allied band." + }, + { + "id": 17592, + "la": "iam summas arces Tritonia, respice, Pallas insedit, nimbo effulgens et Gorgone saeva", + "en": "Now on the highest towers'turn and see 'Tritonian Pallas is planted, gleaming with storm cloud and grim Gorgon." + }, + { + "id": 17593, + "la": "ipse pater Danais animos viresque secundas sufficit, ipse deos in Dardana suscitat arma", + "en": "My father himself gives the Greeks courage and auspicious strength; he himself stirs up the gods against the Dardan arms." + }, + { + "id": 17594, + "la": "eripe, nate, fugam finemque impone labori", + "en": "Hasten your flight, my son, and put an end to your toil." + }, + { + "id": 17595, + "la": "nusquam abero et tutum patrio te limine sistam.", + "en": "Nowhere will I leave you but will set you safely on your fathers threshold." + }, + { + "id": 17596, + "la": "dixerat et spissis noctis se condidit umbris", + "en": "She spoke, and vanished in the thick shades of night." + }, + { + "id": 17597, + "la": "apparent dirae facies inimicaque Troiae numina magna deum", + "en": "Dread shapes come to view and, hating Troy, great presences divine" + }, + { + "id": 17598, + "la": "Tum vero omne mihi visum considere in ignis Ilium et ex imo verti Neptunia Troia; ac veluti summis antiquam in montibus ornum cum ferro accisam crebrisque bipennibus instant eruere agricolae certatim; illa usque minatur et tremefacta comam concusso vertice nutat, vulneribus donec paulatim evicta supremum congemuit traxitque iugis avulsa ruinam", + "en": "Then, indeed, it seemed to me that all Ilium was sinking into the flames and that Neptunes Troy was being overturned from her base'even as when on mountain-tops woodmen emulously strain to overturn an ancient ash tree, which has been hacked with many a blow of axe and iron; it ever threatens to fall, and nods with trembling leafage and rocking crest, till, little by little, overcome with wounds, it gives one loud last groan and, uptorn from the ridges, comes crashing down." + }, + { + "id": 17599, + "la": "descendo ac ducente deo flammam inter et hostis expedior; dant tela locum flammaeque recedunt", + "en": "I descend and, guided by a god, make my way amid fire and foes. Weapons give me passage and the flames retire." + }, + { + "id": 17600, + "la": "Atque ubi iam patriae perventum ad limina sedis antiquasque domos, genitor, quem tollere in altos optabam primum montis primumque petebam, abnegat excisa vitam producere Troia exsiliumque pati", + "en": "And now, when I had reached the door of my fathers house, my ancient home, my sire, whom it was my first longing to bear high into the hills, and whom first I sought, refused, since Troy was laid low, to prolong his days or suffer exile." + }, + { + "id": 17601, + "la": "vos o, quibus integer aevi sanguis, ait, solidaeque suo stant robore vires, vos agitate fugam", + "en": "You, he cried, whose blood has the freshness of youth and whose strength stands sound in native vigour, you must turn to flight" + }, + { + "id": 17602, + "la": "me si caelicolae voluissent ducere vitam, has mihi servassent sedes", + "en": "For me, had the lords of heaven willed that I should lengthen lifes thread, they would have spared this my home." + }, + { + "id": 17603, + "la": "satis una superque vidimus excidia et captae superavimus urbi", + "en": "Enough and more it is that I have seen one destruction, and have survived one capture of the city." + }, + { + "id": 17604, + "la": "sic o sic positum adfati discedite corpus", + "en": "To my body, thus lying, yea thus, bid farewell and depart!" + }, + { + "id": 17605, + "la": "ipse manu mortem inveniam: miserebitur hostis exuviasque petet", + "en": "I shall find a warriors death; the foe will take pity and seek my spoils." + }, + { + "id": 17606, + "la": "facilis iactura sepulcri", + "en": "Light is the loss of burial." + }, + { + "id": 17607, + "la": "iam pridem invisus divis et inutilis annos demoror, ex quo me divum pater atque hominum rex fulminis adflavit ventis et contigit igni.", + "en": "Hated of heaven and useless, I have long stayed the years, ever since the father of gods and king of men breathed upon me with the winds of his bolt and touched me with his fire." + }, + { + "id": 17608, + "la": "Talia perstabat memorans fixusque manebat", + "en": "So he persisted in his speech and remained unshaken." + }, + { + "id": 17609, + "la": "nos contra effusi lacrimis coniunxque Creusa Ascaniusque omnisque domus, ne vertere secum cuncta pater fatoque urgenti incumbere vellet", + "en": "But we were dissolved in tears'my wife Cresa, Ascanius, and all our household'pleading that our father not bring all to ruin along with him, nor add weight to our crushing doom." + }, + { + "id": 17610, + "la": "abnegat inceptoque et sedibus haeret in isdem", + "en": "He refuses, and abides in his purpose and his place." + }, + { + "id": 17611, + "la": "rursus in arma feror mortemque miserrimus opto nam quod consilium aut quae iam fortuna dabatur?", + "en": "Again I rush to arms, and in utter misery long for death, for what device or what chance was offered now?" + }, + { + "id": 17612, + "la": "mene efferre pedem, genitor, te posse relicto sperasti, tantumque nefas patrio excidit ore? si nihil ex tanta superis placet urbe relinqui, et sedet hoc animo perituraeque addere Troiae teque tuosque iuvat, patet isti ianua leto, iamque aderit multo Priami de sanguine Pyrrhus, natum ante ora patris, patrem qui obtruncat ad aras", + "en": "Did you think, my father, that I could go forth leaving you? Did such a monstrous word fall from a fathers lips? If the gods will that naught remain of our great city, if this purpose is firmly set in your mind and it is your pleasure to cast yourself and your kin into the wreck of Troy, for this death the gate is open wide, and soon will come Pyrrhus, steeped in the blood of Priam'Pyrrhus who butchers the son before the fathers eyes, the father at the altars." + }, + { + "id": 17613, + "la": "hoc erat, alma parens, quod me per tela, per ignis eripis, ut mediis hostem in penetralibus utque Ascanium patremque meum iuxtaque Creusam alterum in alterius mactatos sanguine cernam? arma, viri, ferte arma; vocat lux ultima victos", + "en": "Was it for this, gracious mother, that you saved me amid fire and sword, to see the foe in the heart of my home, and Ascanius, and my father, and Cresa at their side, slaughtered in each others blood? Arms, men, bring arms; the last light of life calls the vanquished." + }, + { + "id": 17614, + "la": "reddite me Danais; sinite instaurata revisam proelia.", + "en": "Give me back to the Greeks; let me seek again and renew the fight." + }, + { + "id": 17615, + "la": "numquam omnes hodie moriemur inulti", + "en": "Never this day shall we all die unavenged!" + }, + { + "id": 17616, + "la": "Hinc ferro accingor rursus clipeoque sinistram insertabam aptans meque extra tecta ferebam", + "en": "Once more I strap on my sword, pass my left arm into the shield, as I fit it on, and was hurrying forth from the house," + }, + { + "id": 17617, + "la": "ecce autem complexa pedes in limine coniunx haerebat parvumque patri tendebat Iulum:", + "en": "when lo! on the threshold my wife clung to me, clasping my feet and holding up little Iulus to his father." + }, + { + "id": 17618, + "la": "si periturus abis, et nos rape in omnia tecum; sin aliquam expertus sumptis spem ponis in armis, hanc primum tutare domum", + "en": "If you go to die, take us, too, with you for any fate. But if from past experience, you place some hope in the armour you have donned, guard first this house." + }, + { + "id": 17619, + "la": "cui parvus Iulus, cui pater et coniunx quondam tua dicta relinquor? Talia vociferans gemitu tectum omne replebat, cum subitum dictuque oritur mirabile monstrum", + "en": "To whom do you abandon little Iulus, your father, and me, once called your wife? So crying, she filled all the house with moaning; when a sudden portent appears, wondrous to tell." + }, + { + "id": 17620, + "la": "namque manus inter maestorumque ora parentum ecce levis summo de vertice visus Iuli fundere lumen apex, tactuque innoxia mollis lambere flamma comas et circum tempora pasci", + "en": "For between the hands and faces of his sad parents, from above the head of Iulus a light tongue of flame was seen to shed a gleam and, harmless in its touch, lick his soft locks and pasture round his temples." + }, + { + "id": 17621, + "la": "nos pavidi trepidare metu crinemque flagrantem excutere et sanctos restinguere fontibus ignis", + "en": "Trembling with alarm, we quickly shake out the blazing hair and quench with water the holy fires." + }, + { + "id": 17622, + "la": "at pater Anchises oculos ad sidera laetus extulit et caelo palmas cum voce tetendit: Iuppiter omnipotens, precibus si flecteris ullis, aspice nos, hoc tantum, et, si pietate meremur, da deinde auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma.", + "en": "But my father Anchises joyously raises his eyes to the skies and uplifts to heaven hands and voice: Almighty Jupiter, if you are moved by any prayers, look upon us'this only do I ask'and if our goodness earn it, give us your aid, Father, and ratify this omen!" + }, + { + "id": 17623, + "la": "Vix ea fatus erat senior, subitoque fragore intonuit laevum, et de caelo lapsa per umbras stella facem ducens multa cum luce cucurrit", + "en": "Scarcely had the aged man thus spoken, when with sudden crash there was thunder on the left and a star shot from heaven, gliding through the darkness, and drawing a fiery trail amid a flood of light." + }, + { + "id": 17624, + "la": "illam, summa super labentem culmina tecti, cernimus Idaea claram se condere silva signantemque vias; tum longo limite sulcus dat lucem, et late circum loca sulpure fumant", + "en": "We watch it glide over the palace roof and bury in Idas forest the splendour that marked its path; then the long-drawn furrow shines, and far and wide all about reeks with sulphur." + }, + { + "id": 17625, + "la": "hic vero victus genitor se tollit ad auras adfaturque deos et sanctum sidus adorat", + "en": "At this, indeed, my father was overcome and, rising to his feet, salutes the gods, and worships the holy star." + }, + { + "id": 17626, + "la": "iam iam nulla mora est; sequor et, qua ducitis, adsum", + "en": "Now, now there is no delay; I follow, and where you lead, there am I." + }, + { + "id": 17627, + "la": "di patrii, servate domum, servate nepotem", + "en": "Gods of my fathers! save my house, save my grandson." + }, + { + "id": 17628, + "la": "vestrum hoc augurium, vestroque in numine Troia est", + "en": "Yours is this omen, and under your protection stands Troy." + }, + { + "id": 17629, + "la": "cedo equidem nec, nate, tibi comes ire recuso.", + "en": "Yes, I yield, and refuse not, my son, to go in your company." + }, + { + "id": 17630, + "la": "dixerat ille, et iam per moenia clarior ignis auditur, propiusque aestus incendia volvunt", + "en": "He ceased, and now through the city more loudly is heard the blaze, and nearer the flames roll their fiery flood." + }, + { + "id": 17631, + "la": "ergo age, care pater, cervici imponere nostrae; ipse subibo umeris, nec me labor iste gravabit", + "en": "Come then, dear father, mount upon my neck; on my own shoulders I will support you, and this task will not weigh me down." + }, + { + "id": 17632, + "la": "quo res cumque cadent, unum et commune periclum, una salus ambobus erit", + "en": "However things may fall, we two will have one common peril, one salvation." + }, + { + "id": 17633, + "la": "mihi parvus Iulus sit comes, et longe servet vestigia coniunx", + "en": "Let little Iulus come with me, and let my wife follow our steps at a distance." + }, + { + "id": 17634, + "la": "vos, famuli, quae dicam, animis advertite vestris", + "en": "You servants, heed what I say." + }, + { + "id": 17635, + "la": "est urbe egressis tumulus templumque vetustum desertae Cereris, iuxtaque antiqua cupressus religione patrum multos servata per annos; hanc ex diverso sedem veniemus in unam", + "en": "As one leaves the city, there is a mound and ancient temple of forlorn Ceres, with an old cypress hard by, saved for many years by the reverence of our fathers. To this one spot we will come from different directions." + }, + { + "id": 17636, + "la": "tu, genitor, cape sacra manu patriosque Penates; me, bello e tanto digressum et caede recenti, attrectare nefas, donec me flumine vivo abluero.", + "en": "Father, take in your arms the sacred emblems of our countrys household gods; for me, fresh from fierce battle and recent slaughter, it would be sinful to handle them until I have washed myself clean in running water" + }, + { + "id": 17637, + "la": "haec fatus latos umeros subiectaque colla veste super fulvique insternor pelle leonis, succedoque oneri; dextrae se parvus Iulus implicuit sequiturque patrem non passibus aequis; pone subit coniunx", + "en": "So I spoke, and over my broad shoulders and bowed neck I spread the cover of a tawny lions pelt and stoop to the burden. Little Iulus clasps his hand in mine, and follows his father with steps that match not his. Behind comes my wife." + }, + { + "id": 17638, + "la": "ferimur per opaca locorum, et me, quem dudum non ulla iniecta movebant tela neque adverso glomerati examine Grai, nunc omnes terrent aurae, sonus excitat omnis suspensum et pariter comitique onerique timentem", + "en": "We pass on amid the shadows; and I, whom of late no shower of missiles could move nor any Greeks thronging in opposing mass, now am affrighted by every breeze and startled by every sound, tremulous as I am and fearing alike for my companion and my burden." + }, + { + "id": 17639, + "la": "Iamque propinquabam portis omnemque videbar evasisse viam, subito cum creber ad auris visus adesse pedum sonitus, genitorque per umbram prospiciens, nate, exclamat, fuge, nate; propinquant; ardentis clipeos atque aera micantia cerno.", + "en": "And now I was nearing the gates, and thought I had accomplished all my journey, when suddenly, crowding on my ears, seemed to come a tramp of feet, and peering through the gloom, my father cries: My son, my son, flee; they draw near! I see their glowing shields and glittering brass." + }, + { + "id": 17640, + "la": "hic mihi nescio quod trepido male numen amicum confusam eripuit mentem", + "en": "At this, in my alarm, some malign power stole my distracted wits." + }, + { + "id": 17641, + "la": "namque avia cursu dum sequor et nota excedo regione viarum, heu! misero coniunx fato mi erepta Creusa", + "en": "For while I plunge down byways and leave the course of the streets I know, alas! my wife Creusa was snatched from me by an unhappy fate." + }, + { + "id": 17642, + "la": "substitit? erravitne via seu lassa resedit? incertum; nec post oculis est reddita nostris, nec prius amissam respexi animumve reflexi, quam tumulum antiquae Cereris sedemque sacratam venimus", + "en": "Did she halt? Did she stray from the path or sit down in exhaustion? I do not know. Never again was she restored to my eyes, nor did I look back for my lost one, or cast a thought behind, until we came to the mound and ancient Ceres hallowed home." + }, + { + "id": 17643, + "la": "hic demum collectis omnibus una defuit, et comites natumque virumque fefellit", + "en": "Here at last, when all were gathered, she alone was missing and had vanished from the company, her child, and her husband." + }, + { + "id": 17644, + "la": "quem non incusavi amens hominumque deorumque, aut quid in eversa vidi crudelius urbe? Ascanium Anchisenque patrem Teucrosque Penates commendo sociis et curva valle recondo; ipse urbem repeto et cingor fulgentibus armis", + "en": "What man or god did I not reproach in my frenzy? What crueller sight did I see in the overthrown city? Ascanius, my father Anchises, and the household gods of Troy I put in charge of my fellows and hid them in a winding vale. I myself seek again the city, and gird on my glittering arms." + }, + { + "id": 17645, + "la": "stat casus renovare omnis omnemque reverti per Troiam et rursus caput obiectare periclis", + "en": "I am resolved to renew every risk, to retrace my way through all Troy and once more expose my life to every peril." + }, + { + "id": 17646, + "la": "Principio muros obscuraque limina portae, qua gressum extuleram, repeto et vestigia retro observata sequor per noctem et lumine lustro", + "en": "First I seek again the walls and dark gateway by which I had left the city; I mark and follow back my steps in the night, scanning them with close eye." + }, + { + "id": 17647, + "la": "horror ubique animo, simul ipsa silentia terrent", + "en": "Everywhere dread fills my heart; the very silence, too, dismays." + }, + { + "id": 17648, + "la": "inde domum, si forte pedem, si forte tulisset, me refero", + "en": "Then I turn homeward in case'in case she had made her way there!" + }, + { + "id": 17649, + "la": "inruerant Danai et tectum omne tenebant", + "en": "The Danai had rushed in and filled all the house." + }, + { + "id": 17650, + "la": "ilicet ignis edax summa ad fastigia vento volvitur; exsuperant flammae, furit aestus ad auras", + "en": "Forthwith the devouring fire rolls before the wind to the very roof; the flames tower above, the hot blast roars skyward." + }, + { + "id": 17651, + "la": "procedo et Priami sedes arcemque reviso", + "en": "I pass on and see once more the citadel and Priams home." + }, + { + "id": 17652, + "la": "et iam porticibus vacuis Iunonis asylo custodes lecti Phoenix et dirus Ulixes praedam adservabant", + "en": "And now in the empty courts of Junos sanctuary Phoenix and dread Ulysses, chosen guards, watched the spoil." + }, + { + "id": 17653, + "la": "huc undique Troia gaza incensis erepta adytis, mensaeque deorum crateresque auro solidi captivaque vestis congeritur", + "en": "Here the treasures from all parts of Troy, torn from blazing shrines, tables of the gods, bowls of solid gold, and plundered raiment, are heaped up;" + }, + { + "id": 17654, + "la": "pueri et pavidae longo ordine matres stant circum", + "en": "boys and trembling matrons in long array stand round." + }, + { + "id": 17655, + "la": "ausus quin etiam voces iactare per umbram implevi clamore vias, maestusque Creusam nequiquam ingeminans iterumque iterumque vocavi", + "en": "Nay, I dared even to cast my cries upon the night; I filled the streets with shouts and in my misery, with vain iteration, called Creusa again and again." + }, + { + "id": 17656, + "la": "quaerenti et tectis urbis sine fine furenti infelix simulacrum atque ipsius umbra Creusae visa mihi ante oculos et nota maior imago", + "en": "As I rushed in my quest madly and endlessly among the buildings of the city, there rose before my eyes the sad phantom and ghost of Cresa herself, a form larger than her wont." + }, + { + "id": 17657, + "la": "obstipui, steteruntque comae et vox faucibus haesit", + "en": "I was appalled, my hair stood up, and the voice choked in my throat." + }, + { + "id": 17658, + "la": "tum sic adfari et curas his demere dictis: quid tantum insano iuvat indulgere dolori, o dulcis coniunx? non haec sine numine divum eveniunt; nec te comitem hinc portare Creusam fas aut ille sinit superi regnator Olympi", + "en": "Then thus she spoke to me and with these words dispelled my cares: Of what avail is it to yield thus to frantic grief, my sweet husband? Not without the will of heaven does this befall; that you should take Cresa from here in your company cannot be, nor does the mighty lord of high Olympus allow it." + }, + { + "id": 17659, + "la": "longa tibi exsilia, et vastum maris aequor arandum; et terram Hesperiam venies, ubi Lydius arva inter opima virum leni fluit agmine Thybris", + "en": "Long exile is your lot, a vast stretch of sea you must plough; and you will come to the land Hesperia, where amid the rich fields of husbandmen the Lydian Tiber flows with gentle sweep." + }, + { + "id": 17660, + "la": "illic res laetae regnumque et regia coniunx parta tibi", + "en": "There in store for you are happy days, kingship, and a royal wife." + }, + { + "id": 17661, + "la": "lacrimas dilectae pelle Creusae", + "en": "Banish tears for your beloved Creusa." + }, + { + "id": 17662, + "la": "non ego Myrmidonum sedes Dolopumve superbas aspiciam aut Grais servitum matribus ibo, Dardanis et divae Veneris nurus", + "en": "I shall never look upon the proud homes of the Myrmidons or Dolopians, or go to be the slave of Greek matrons, I a Dardan woman and wife of the son of divine Venus;" + }, + { + "id": 17663, + "la": "sed me magna deum genetrix his detinet oris", + "en": "but the mighty mother of the gods keeps me on these shores." + }, + { + "id": 17664, + "la": "iamque vale et nati serva communis amorem.", + "en": "And now farewell, and guard your love for our common child." + }, + { + "id": 17665, + "la": "haec ubi dicta dedit, lacrimantem et multa volentem dicere deseruit, tenuisque recessit in auras", + "en": "When thus she had spoken, she left me weeping and eager to tell her much, and drew back into thin air." + }, + { + "id": 17666, + "la": "ter conatus ibi collo dare bracchia circum; ter frustra comprensa manus effugit imago par levibus ventis volucrique simillima somno", + "en": "Thrice there I strove to throw my arms about her neck; thrice the form, vainly clasped, fled from my hands, even as light winds, and most like a winged dream." + }, + { + "id": 17667, + "la": "sic demum socios consumpta nocte reviso", + "en": "Thus at last, when night is spent, I revisit my companions." + }, + { + "id": 17668, + "la": "Atque hic ingentem comitum adfluxisse novorum invenio admirans numerum, matresque virosque, collectam exsilio pubem, miserabile vulgus", + "en": "And here, astonished, I find that a vast number of new comrades has streamed in, mothers and men, a band gathered for exile, a piteous throng." + }, + { + "id": 17669, + "la": "undique convenere, animis opibusque parati, in quascumque velim pelago deducere terras", + "en": "From all sides they have come, with heart and fortune ready for me to lead them over the sea to whatever lands I will." + }, + { + "id": 17670, + "la": "iamque iugis summae surgebat Lucifer Idae ducebatque diem, Danaique obsessa tenebant limina portarum, nec spes opis ulla dabatur", + "en": "And now above Idas topmost ridges the day star was rising, ushering in the morn; and the Danaans held the blockaded gates, nor was any hope of help offered." + }, + { + "id": 17671, + "la": "cessi et sublato montis genitore petivi", + "en": "I gave way and, taking up my father, sought the hills." + }, + { + "id": 17672, + "la": "Postquam res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem immeritam visum superis, ceciditque superbum Ilium et omnis humo fumat Neptunia Troia, diversa exsilia et desertas quaerere terras auguriis agimur divum, classemque sub ipsa Antandro et Phrygiae molimur montibus Idae, incerti, quo fata ferant, ubi sistere detur, contrahimusque viros", + "en": "After it pleased the gods above to overthrow the power of Asia and Priams guiltless race, after proud Ilium fell, and all Neptunes Troy smokes from the ground, we are driven by heavens auguries to seek distant scenes of exile in waste lands. Close to Antandros and the mountains of Phrygian Ida we build a fleet, uncertain whither the Fates lead or where it is granted us to settle; and there we muster our men." + }, + { + "id": 17673, + "la": "vix prima inceperat aestas, et pater Anchises dare fatis vela iubebat: litora cum patriae lacrimans portusque relinquo et campos, ubi Troia fuit", + "en": "Scarcely had the beginning of summer come when my father Anchises bade us spread sails to Fate, and then with tears I quit my native shores and harbours, and the plains, where once was Troy." + }, + { + "id": 17674, + "la": "feror exsul in altum cum sociis natoque, Penatibus et magnis dis", + "en": "An exile, I fare forth upon the deep, with my comrades and son, my household gods and the great deities." + }, + { + "id": 17675, + "la": "Terra procul vastis colitur Mavortia campis (Thraces arant), acri quondam regnata Lycurgo hospitium antiquum Troiae sociique Penates, dum Fortuna fuit", + "en": "At a distance lies the war gods land, of widespread plains, tilled by Thracians, and once ruled by fierce Lycurgus; friendly of old to Troy, with allied gods, in happier times." + }, + { + "id": 17676, + "la": "feror huc et litore curvo moenia prima loco, fatis ingressus iniquis, Aeneadasque meo nomen de nomine fingo", + "en": "To it I sail and on the winding shore found my first city, entering on the task with untoward fates, and from my own name fashion the name Aeneadae." + }, + { + "id": 17677, + "la": "Sacra Dionaeae matri divisque ferebam auspicibus coeptorum operum, superoque nitentem caelicolum regi mactabam in litore taurum", + "en": "I was offering sacrifice to my mother, daughter of Dione, and the other gods, that they might bless the work begun, and to the high king of the lords of heaven was slaying a shining white bull upon the shore." + }, + { + "id": 17678, + "la": "forte fuit iuxta tumulus, quo cornea summo virgulta et densis hastilibus horrida myrtus", + "en": "By chance, hard by there was a mound, on whose top were cornel bushes and myrtles bristling with crowded spear shafts." + }, + { + "id": 17679, + "la": "accessi, viridemque ab humo convellere silvam conatus, ramis tegerem ut frondentibus aras, horrendum et dictu video mirabile monstrum", + "en": "I drew near, and essaying to tear up the green growth from the soil, that I might deck the altar with leafy boughs, I see an awful portent, wondrous to tell." + }, + { + "id": 17680, + "la": "nam quae prima solo ruptis radicibus arbos vellitur, huic atro liquuntur sanguine guttae et terram tabo maculant", + "en": "For from the first tree which is torn from the ground with broken roots trickle drops of black blood and stain the earth with gore." + }, + { + "id": 17681, + "la": "mihi frigidus horror membra quatit, gelidusque coit formidine sanguis", + "en": "A cold shudder shakes my limbs, and my chilled blood freezes with terror." + }, + { + "id": 17682, + "la": "rursus et alterius lentum convellere vimen insequor et causas penitus temptare latentis; ater et alterius sequitur de cortice sanguis", + "en": "Once more, from a second also I go on to pluck a tough shoot and probe deep the hidden cause; from the bark of the second also follows black blood." + }, + { + "id": 17683, + "la": "multa movens animo Nymphas venerabar agrestis Gradivumque patrem, Geticis qui praesidet arvis, rite secundarent visus omenque levarent", + "en": "Pondering much in heart, I prayed the woodland Nymphs, and father Gradivus, who rules over the Getic fields, duly to bless the vision and lighten the omen." + }, + { + "id": 17684, + "la": "tertia sed postquam maiore hastilia nisu adgredior genibusque adversae obluctor harenae (eloquar, an sileam?), gemitus lacrimabilis imo auditur tumulo, et vox reddita fertur ad auris: quid miserum, Aenea, laceras? iam parce sepulto, parce pias scelerare manus", + "en": "But when with greater effort I assail the third shafts, and with my knees wrestle against the resisting sands'should I speak or be silent?'a piteous groan is heard from the depth of the mound, and an answering voice comes to my ears. Woe is me! why, Aeneas, do you tear me? Spare me in the tomb at last; spare the pollution of your pure hands!" + }, + { + "id": 17685, + "la": "non me tibi Troia externum tulit, aut cruor hic de stipite manat", + "en": "I, born of Troy, am no stranger to you; not from a lifeless stock oozes this blood." + }, + { + "id": 17686, + "la": "heu! fuge crudelis terras, fuge litus avarum", + "en": "Ah! flee the cruel land, flee the greedy shore!" + }, + { + "id": 17687, + "la": "nam Polydorus ego", + "en": "For I am Polydorus." + }, + { + "id": 17688, + "la": "hic confixum ferrea texit telorum seges et iaculis increvit acutis.", + "en": "Here an iron harvest of spears covered my pierced body, and grew up into sharp javelins." + }, + { + "id": 17689, + "la": "tum vero ancipiti mentem formidine pressus obstipui steteruntque comae et vox faucibus haesit", + "en": "Then, indeed, with mind borne down with perplexing dread, I was appalled, my hair stood up, and the voice choked in my throat." + }, + { + "id": 17690, + "la": "Hunc Polydorum auri quondam cum pondere magno infelix Priamus furtim mandarat alendum Threicio regi, cum iam diffideret armis Dardaniae cingique urbem obsidione videret", + "en": "This Polydorus, with great weight of gold, luckless Priam had once sent in secret to be reared by the Thracian king, when he now lost hope in the arms of Dardania and saw the city beleaguered." + }, + { + "id": 17691, + "la": "ille, ut opes fractae Teucrum et Fortuna recessit, res Agamemnonias victriciaque arma secutus fas omne abrumpit; Polydorum obtruncat et auro vi potitur", + "en": "When the power of Troy was crushed and Fortune withdrew, the Thracian, following Agamemnons cause and triumphant arms, severs every sacred tie, slays Polydorus, and takes the gold perforce." + }, + { + "id": 17692, + "la": "quid non mortalia pectora cogis, auri sacra fames? postquam pavor ossa reliquit, delectos populi ad proceres primumque parentem monstra deum refero et, quae sit sententia, posco", + "en": "To what crime do you not drive the hearts of men, accursed hunger for gold? When fear had fled my soul, I lay the divine portents before the chosen chiefs of the people, my father first, and ask what is their judgement." + }, + { + "id": 17693, + "la": "omnibus idem animus, scelerata excedere terra, linqui pollutum hospitium et dare classibus Austros", + "en": "All are of one mind, to quit the guilty land, to leave a place where hospitality is profaned, and to give our fleet the winds." + }, + { + "id": 17694, + "la": "ergo instauramus Polydoro funus, et ingens aggeritur tumulo tellus; stant Manibus arae, caeruleis maestae vittis atraque cupresso, et circum Iliades crinem de more solutae; inferimus tepido spumantia cymbia lacte sanguinis et sacri pateras, animamque sepulcro condimus et magna supremum voce ciemus", + "en": "So for Polydorus we solemnize fresh funeral rites, and earth is heaped high upon the mound; altars are set up to the dead, made mournful with sombre ribbons and black cypress; and about them stand Ilian women, with hair streaming as custom ordains. We offer foaming bowls of warm milk and cups of victims blood, lay the spirit at rest in the tomb, and with loud voice give the last call." + }, + { + "id": 17695, + "la": "Inde ubi prima fides pelago, placataque venti dant maria et lenis crepitans vocat Auster in altum, deducunt socii navis et litora complent", + "en": "Then, as soon as we can trust the main, and the winds give us seas at peace, and the soft-whispering South calls to the deep, my comrades launch the ships and crowd the shores." + }, + { + "id": 17696, + "la": "provehimur portu, terraeque urbesque recedunt", + "en": "We put out from port, and lands and towns fade from view." + }, + { + "id": 17697, + "la": "sacra mari colitur medio gratissima tellus Nereidum matri et Neptuno Aegaeo, quam pius Arquitenens oras et litora circum errantem Mycono e celsa Gyaroque revinxit, immotamque coli dedit et contemnere ventos", + "en": "In mid-sea lies a holy land, most dear to the mother of the Nereids and Aegean Neptune, which, as it wandered round coasts and shores, the grateful archer god bound fast to lofty Myconos and Gyaros, suffering it to lie unmoved, defying the winds." + }, + { + "id": 17698, + "la": "huc feror; haec fessos tuto placidissima portu accipit", + "en": "Hither I sail; and most peacefully the island welcomes our weary band in a safe haven." + }, + { + "id": 17699, + "la": "egressi veneramur Apollinis urbem", + "en": "Landing, we do homage to Apollos town." + }, + { + "id": 17700, + "la": "rex Anius, rex idem hominum Phoebique sacerdos, vittis et sacra redimitus tempora lauro occurrit, veterem Anchisen agnovit amicum; iungimus hospitio dextras et tecta subimus", + "en": "King Anius'at once king of the people and priest of Phoebus'his brows bound with fillets and hallowed laurel, meets us, and in Anchises finds an old friend. We clasp hands in welcome, and pass beneath his roof." + }, + { + "id": 17701, + "la": "Templa dei saxo venerabar structa vetusto:", + "en": "I was paying homage to the gods temple, built of ancient stone:" + }, + { + "id": 17702, + "la": "da propriam, Thymbraee, domum, da moenia fessis et genus et mansuram urbem; serva altera Troiae Pergama, reliquias Danaum atque immitis Achilli", + "en": "Grant us, god of Thymbra, an enduring home; grant our weary band walls, and a race, and a city that shall abide; preserve Troys second fortress, the remnant left by the Greeks and pitiless Achilles!" + }, + { + "id": 17703, + "la": "quem sequimur? quove ire iubes? ubi ponere sedes? da, pater, augurium atque animis inlabere nostris.", + "en": "Whom should we follow? Whither do you bid us go? Where fix our home? Grant, father, an omen, and inspire our hearts!" + }, + { + "id": 17704, + "la": "Vix ea fatus eram: tremere omnia visa repente, liminaque laurusque dei, totusque moveri mons circum et mugire adytis cortina reclusis", + "en": "Scarcely had I said this, when suddenly it seemed all things trembled, the doors and laurels of the god; the whole hill shook round about and the tripod moaned as the shrine was thrown open." + }, + { + "id": 17705, + "la": "summissi petimus terram, et vox fertur ad auris: Dardanidae duri, quae vos a stirpe parentum prima tulit tellus, eadem vos ubere laeto accipiet reduces", + "en": "Prostrate we fall to earth, and a voice comes to our ears: Long-suffering sons of Dardanus, the land which bore you first from your parent stock shall welcome you back to her fruitful bosom." + }, + { + "id": 17706, + "la": "antiquam exquirite matrem", + "en": "Seek out your ancient mother." + }, + { + "id": 17707, + "la": "hic domus Aeneae cunctis dominabitur oris, et nati natorum et qui nascentur ab illis.", + "en": "There the house of Aeneas shall lord it over all lands, even his childrens children and their race that shall be born of them." + }, + { + "id": 17708, + "la": "haec Phoebus; mixtoque ingens exorta tumultu laetitia et cuncti, quae sint ea moenia, quaerunt, quo Phoebus vocet errantis iubeatque reverti", + "en": "Thus Phoebus; and mighty joy arose, mingled with tumult; all ask, What walls are those? Whither calls Phoebus the wanderers, bidding them return?" + }, + { + "id": 17709, + "la": "tum genitor, veterum volvens monumenta virorum, audite, o proceres, ait, et spes discite vestra", + "en": "Then my father, pondering the memorials of the men of old, cries: Hear, princes, and learn your hopes." + }, + { + "id": 17710, + "la": "Creta Iovis magni medio iacet insula ponto, mons Idaeus ubi et gentis cunabula nostrae", + "en": "In mid-ocean lies Crete, the island of great Jove, where is Mount Ida, and the cradle of our race." + }, + { + "id": 17711, + "la": "centum urbes habitant magnas, uberrima regna; maximus unde pater, si rite audita recordor, Teucrus Rhoeteas primum est advectus ad oras optavitque locum regno", + "en": "There men dwell in a hundred great cities, a realm most fertile, whence our earliest ancestor Teucer, if I recall the tale aright, first sailed to the Rhoetean shores, and chose a site for his kingdom." + }, + { + "id": 17712, + "la": "nondum Ilium et arces Pergameae steterant; habitabant vallibus imis", + "en": "Not yet had Ilium and the towers of Pergamus been reared; men dwelt in the low valleys." + }, + { + "id": 17713, + "la": "hinc Mater cultrix Cybeli Corybantiaque aera Idaeumque nemus, hinc fida silentia sacris, et iuncti currum dominae subiere leones", + "en": "Hence came the Mother who haunts Cybelus, the Corybantian cymbals and the grove of Ida; hence came the faithful silence of her mysteries, and yoked lions submitted to our ladys chariot." + }, + { + "id": 17714, + "la": "ergo agite et, divum ducunt qua iussa, sequamur; placemus ventos et Cnosia regna petamus", + "en": "Come then, and let us follow where the gods bidding leads, let us appease the winds and seek the realm of Cnosus!" + }, + { + "id": 17715, + "la": "nec longo distant cursu; modo Iuppiter adsit, tertia lux classem Cretaeis sistet in oris.", + "en": "Nor is it a long run thither: if only Jupiter be gracious, the third dawn shall anchor our fleet on the Cretan coast." + }, + { + "id": 17716, + "la": "sic fatus meritos aris mactavit honores, taurum Neptuno, taurum tibi, pulcher Apollo, nigram Hiemi pecudem, Zephyris felicibus albam", + "en": "So he spoke, and on the altars slew the sacrifices due, a bull to Neptune, a bull to you, fair Apollo, a black sheep to the storm god, a white to the favouring Zephyrs." + }, + { + "id": 17717, + "la": "Fama volat pulsum regnis cessisse paternis Idomenea ducem, desertaque litora Cretae, hoste vacare domum sedesque astare relictas", + "en": "A rumour flies that Idomeneus, the chieftain, has left his fathers realm for exile, that the shores of Crete are abandoned, her homes are void of foes, and the deserted abodes stand ready for our coming." + }, + { + "id": 17718, + "la": "linquimus Ortygiae portus pelagoque volamus, bacchatamque iugis Naxon viridemque Donysam, Olearon niveamque Paron sparsasque per aequor Cycladas, et crebris legimus freta consita terris", + "en": "We leave the harbour of Ortygia and fly over the sea, past Naxos with its Bacchic revels on the heights, and green Donysa, Olearos, snow-white Paros, and the sea-strewn Cyclades, and thread the straits sown thick with islands." + }, + { + "id": 17719, + "la": "nauticus exoritur vario certamine clamor; hortantur socii, Cretam proavosque petamus.", + "en": "The sailors shouts rise in varied rivalry; the crews raise the cheer: On to Crete and our forefathers!" + }, + { + "id": 17720, + "la": "prosequitur surgens a puppi ventus euntis et tandem antiquis Curetum adlabimur oris", + "en": "A wind rising astern attends us as we sail, and at last we glide up to the ancient shores of the Curetes." + }, + { + "id": 17721, + "la": "ergo avidus muros optatae molior urbis Pergameamque voco, et laetam cognomine gentem hortor amare focos arcemque attollere tectis", + "en": "Eagerly, therefore, I work on the walls of my chosen city, call it Pergamum, and urge my people, who rejoice at the old name, to love their hearths and build a citadel with lofty roof." + }, + { + "id": 17722, + "la": "iamque fere sicco subductae litore puppes; conubiis arvisque novis operata iuventus; iura domosque dabam: subito cum tabida membris, corrupto caeli tractu, miserandaque venit arboribusque satisque lues et letifer annus", + "en": "And now the ships were just drawn up on the dry beach; our youth were busy with marriages and new tillage, and I was giving laws and homes, when on a sudden, from a tainted quarter of the sky, came a pestilence and season of death, to the wasting of our bodies and the piteous ruin of trees and crops." + }, + { + "id": 17723, + "la": "linquebant dulcis animas aut aegra trahebant corpora; tum sterilis exurere Sirius agros; arebant herbae et victum seges aegra negabat", + "en": "Men gave up their sweet lives, or dragged enfeebled frames; Sirius, too, scorched the fields with drought; the grass withered, and the sickly crop denied sustenance." + }, + { + "id": 17724, + "la": "rursus ad oraclum Ortygiae Phoebumque remenso hortatur pater ire mari veniamque precari, quam fessis finem rebus ferat, unde laborum temptare auxilium iubeat, quo vertere cursus", + "en": "My father urges us to recross the sea and go again to Phoebus and Ortygias oracle, to pray for favour, and ask what end he grants to our weary lot, whence he bids us seek aid for our distress, whither bend our course." + }, + { + "id": 17725, + "la": "Nox erat et terris animalia somnus habebat; effigies sacrae divum Phrygiique Penates, quos mecum a Troia mediisque ex ignibus urbis extuleram, visi ante oculos astare iacentis in somnis, multo manifesti lumine, qua se plena per insertas fundebat luna fenestras; tum sic adfari et curas his demere dictis: quod tibi delato Ortygiam dicturus Apollo est, hic canit et tua nos en ultro ad limina mittit", + "en": "It was night and on earth sleep held the living world. The sacred images of the gods, the Phrygian Penates, whom I had borne with me from Troy out of the midst of the burning city, seemed as I lay in slumber to stand before my eyes, clear in the flood of light, where the full moon streamed through the inset windows. Then thus they spoke to me and with these words dispelled my cares. What Apollo is going to tell you when you reach Ortygia, he here utters, and he sends us unbidden to your threshold." + }, + { + "id": 17726, + "la": "nos te Dardania incensa tuaque arma secuti, nos tumidum sub te permensi classibus aequor, idem venturos tollemus in astra nepotes imperiumque urbi dabimus", + "en": "We followed you and your arms when Dardania was burned; under you we traversed on ships the swelling sea; we, too, shall exalt to heaven your sons that are to be, and give empire to their city." + }, + { + "id": 17727, + "la": "tu moenia magnis magna para longumque fugae ne linque laborem", + "en": "Prepare mighty walls for the mighty, and do not shrink from the long toil of flight." + }, + { + "id": 17728, + "la": "mutandae sedes", + "en": "You must change your home." + }, + { + "id": 17729, + "la": "non haec tibi litora suasit Delius aut Cretae iussit considere Apollo", + "en": "Not these the shores the Delian Apollo counselled, not in Crete did he bid you settle." + }, + { + "id": 17730, + "la": "est locus, Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt, terra antiqua, potens armis atque ubere glaebae; Oenotri coluere viri; nunc fama minores Italiam dixisse ducis de nomine gentem", + "en": "A place there is, by Greeks named Hesperia, an ancient land, mighty in arms and in richness of the soil. There dwelt Oenotrians; now the rumour is that a younger race has called it from their leaders name Italy." + }, + { + "id": 17731, + "la": "hae nobis propriae sedes, hinc Dardanus ortus Iasiusque pater, genus a quo principe nostrum", + "en": "This is our abiding home; hence are Dardanus sprung and father Iasius, from whom first came our race." + }, + { + "id": 17732, + "la": "surge age et haec laetus longaevo dicta parenti haud dubitanda refer, Corythum terrasque requirat Ausonias; Dictaea negat tibi Iuppiter arva.", + "en": "Come, arise, and with good cheer bear to your aged parent these certain tidings, to seek Corythus and the lands of Ausonia. Jupiter denies you the Dictaean fields." + }, + { + "id": 17733, + "la": "Talibus attonitus visis et voce deorum (nec sopor illud erat, sed coram agnoscere vultus velatasque comas praesentiaque ora videbar; tum gelidus toto manabat corpore sudor) corripio e stratis corpus tendoque supinas ad caelum cum voce manus et munera libo intemerata focis", + "en": "Awed by this vision and the voice of gods'nor was that a mere dream, but openly I seemed to know their looks, their filleted hair, and their living faces; and a cold sweat bedewed all my limbs'I snatch myself from my bed, raise my voice and upturned hands to heaven, and offer pure gifts upon the hearth." + }, + { + "id": 17734, + "la": "perfecto laetus honore Anchisen facio certum remque ordine pando", + "en": "This rite fulfilled, I gladly tell Anchises the tale and reveal all in order." + }, + { + "id": 17735, + "la": "agnovit prolem ambiguam geminosque parentes, seque novo veterum deceptum errore locorum", + "en": "He recognized the twofold stock and double parentage, and his own confusion through a new error touching ancient lands." + }, + { + "id": 17736, + "la": "tum memorat: nate, Iliacis exercite fatis, sola mihi talis casus Cassandra canebat", + "en": "Then he speaks: Son, tested by Iliums fate, Cassandra alone declared to me this fortune." + }, + { + "id": 17737, + "la": "nunc repeto haec generi portendere debita nostro, et saepe Hesperiam, saepe Itala regna vocare", + "en": "Now I recall her foretelling this as due to our race, often naming Hesperia, often the Italian realm." + }, + { + "id": 17738, + "la": "sed quis ad Hesperiae venturos litora Teucros crederet? aut quem tum vates Cassandra moveret? cedamus Phoebo et moniti meliora sequamur.", + "en": "But who was to believe that Teucrians should come to Hesperias shores? And whom would Cassandras prophecies then sway? Let us yield to Phoebus and at his warning pursue the better course." + }, + { + "id": 17739, + "la": "sic ait et cuncti dicto paremus ovantes", + "en": "So he says and we all obey his speech with joyfulness." + }, + { + "id": 17740, + "la": "hanc quoque deserimus sedem paucisque relictis vela damus vastumque cava trabe currimus aequor", + "en": "This home, too, we quit and, leaving some behind, spread our sails and speed in hollow keels over the waste sea." + }, + { + "id": 17741, + "la": "Postquam altum tenuere rates nec iam amplius ullae apparent terrae, caelum undique et undique pontus, tum mihi caeruleus supra caput adstitit imber, noctem hiememque ferens, et inhorruit unda tenebris", + "en": "After our ships gained the deep, and now no longer any land is seen, but sky on all sides and on all sides sea, then a murky rain cloud loomed overhead, bringing night and tempest, while the wave shuddered darkling." + }, + { + "id": 17742, + "la": "continuo venti volvunt mare magnaque surgunt aequora; dispersi iactamur gurgite vasto", + "en": "Straightway the winds roll up the waters and great seas rise; we are tossed hither and thither in the vast abyss." + }, + { + "id": 17743, + "la": "involvere diem nimbi et nox umida caelum abstulit; ingeminant abruptis nubibus ignes", + "en": "Storm clouds enwrapped the day, and a night of rain blotted out the sky: oft from the rent clouds dark lightning fires." + }, + { + "id": 17744, + "la": "excutimur cursu et caecis erramus in undis", + "en": "We are hurled from our course and wander on the blind waves." + }, + { + "id": 17745, + "la": "ipse diem noctemque negat discernere caelo nec meminisse viae media Palinurus in unda", + "en": "Even Palinurus avows that he knows not day from night in the sky nor remembers the way amid the waters." + }, + { + "id": 17746, + "la": "tris adeo incertos caeca caligine soles erramus pelago, totidem sine sidere noctes", + "en": "For full three days, shrouded in misty gloom, we wander on the deep, for as many starless nights." + }, + { + "id": 17747, + "la": "quarto terra die primum se attollere tandem visa, aperire procul montis ac volvere fumum", + "en": "On the fourth day at length land first was seen to rise, disclosing mountains afar and curling smoke." + }, + { + "id": 17748, + "la": "vela cadunt, remis insurgimus; haud mora, nautae adnixi torquent spumas et caerula verrunt", + "en": "The sails come down; we bend to the oars; without delay the sailors lustily churn the foam and sweep the blue waters." + }, + { + "id": 17749, + "la": "Servatum ex undis Strophadum me litora primum excipiunt", + "en": "Saved from the waves, I am received first by the shores of the Strophades'" + }, + { + "id": 17750, + "la": "Strophades Graio stant nomine dictae insulae Ionio in magno, quas dira Celaeno Harpyiaeque colunt aliae, Phineia postquam clausa domus mensasque metu liquere priores", + "en": "Strophades the Greek name they bear'islands set in the great Ionian sea, where dwell dread Celaeno and the other Harpies, since Phineus house was closed on them, and in fear they left their former tables." + }, + { + "id": 17751, + "la": "tristius haud illis monstrum, nec saevior ulla pestis et ira deum Stygiis sese extulit undis", + "en": "No monster more baneful than these, no fiercer plague or wrath of the gods ever rose from the Stygian waves." + }, + { + "id": 17752, + "la": "virginei volucrum vultus, foedissima ventris proluvies, uncaeque manus, et pallida semper ora fame", + "en": "Maiden faces have these birds, foulest filth they drop, clawed hands are theirs, and faces ever gaunt with hunger" + }, + { + "id": 17753, + "la": "huc ubi delati portus intravimus, ecce laeta boum passim campis armenta videmus caprigenumque pecus nullo custode per herbas", + "en": "When hither borne we entered the harbour, lo! we see goodly herds of cattle scattered over the plains and flocks of goats untended on the grass." + }, + { + "id": 17754, + "la": "inruimus ferro et divos ipsumque vocamus in partem praedamque Iovem: tum litore curvo exstruimusque toros dapibusque epulamur opimis", + "en": "We rush upon them with the sword, calling the gods and Jove himself to share our spoil; then on the winding shore we build couches and banquet on the rich dainties." + }, + { + "id": 17755, + "la": "at subitae horrifico lapsu de montibus adsunt Harpyiae et magnis quatiunt clangoribus alas, diripiuntque dapes contactuque omnia foedant immundo; tum vox taetrum dira inter odorem", + "en": "But suddenly, with fearful swoop from the mountains the Harpies are upon us, and with loud clanging shake their wings, plunder the feast; and with unclean touch mire every dish; then amid the foul stench comes a hideous scream." + }, + { + "id": 17756, + "la": "rursum in secessu longo, sub rupe cavata arboribus clausam circum atque horrentibus umbris, instruimus mensas arisque reponimus ignem; rursum ex diverso caeli caecisque latebris turba sonans praedam pedibus circumvolat uncis, polluit ore dapes", + "en": "Once more, in a deep recess under a hollowed rock, closely encircled by trees and quivering shade, we spread the tables and renew the fire on the altars; once more, from an opposite quarter of the sky and from a hidden lair, the noisy crowd with taloned feet hovers round the prey, tainting the dishes with their lips." + }, + { + "id": 17757, + "la": "sociis tunc, arma capessant, edico, et dira bellum cum gente gerendum", + "en": "Then I bid my comrades seize arms and declare war on the fell race." + }, + { + "id": 17758, + "la": "haud secus ac iussi faciunt tectosque per herbam disponunt enses et scuta latentia condunt", + "en": "They do as they are bidden, lay their swords in hiding in the grass, and bury their shields out of sight." + }, + { + "id": 17759, + "la": "ergo ubi delapsae sonitum per curva dedere litora, dat signum specula Misenus ab alta aere cavo", + "en": "So when, swooping down, the birds screamed along the winding shore, Misenus on his hollow brass gave the signal from his watch aloft." + }, + { + "id": 17760, + "la": "invadunt socii et nova proelia temptant, obscenas pelagi ferro foedare volucris", + "en": "My comrades charge, and essay a strange combat, to despoil with the sword those filthy birds of ocean." + }, + { + "id": 17761, + "la": "sed neque vim plumis ullam nec vulnera tergo accipiunt, celerique fuga sub sidera lapsae semesam praedam et vestigia foeda relinquunt", + "en": "Yet they feel no blows on their feathers, nor wounds on their backs, but, soaring skyward with rapid flight, leave the half-eaten prey and their foul traces." + }, + { + "id": 17762, + "la": "Una in praecelsa consedit rupe Celaeno, infelix vates, rumpitque hanc pectore vocem: bellum etiam pro caede boum stratisque iuvencis, Laomedontiadae, bellumne inferre paratis et patrio Harpyias insontis pellere regno? accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta", + "en": "One only, Celaeno, ill-boding seer, alights on a lofty rock, and breaks forth with this cry: Is it even war, in return for slaughtered cattle and slain bullocks, is it war you are ready to bring upon us, sons of Laomedon, and would you drive the guiltless Harpies from their fathers realm? Take then to heart and fix there these words of mine." + }, + { + "id": 17763, + "la": "quae Phoebo pater omnipotens, mihi Phoebus Apollo praedixit, vobis Furiarum ego maxima pando", + "en": "What the Father omnipotent foretold to Phoebus and Phoebus Apollo to me, I, eldest of the Furies, reveal to you." + }, + { + "id": 17764, + "la": "Italiam cursu petitis ventisque vocatis: ibitis Italiam portusque intrare licebit; sed non ante datam cingetis moenibus urbem, quam vos dira fames nostraeque iniuria caedis ambesas subigat malis absumere mensas.", + "en": "That you may reach Italy you sail the seas and invoke the winds: to Italy you shall go and freely enter her harbours; but you shall not gird with walls your promised city until dread hunger and the wrong of violence towards us force you to gnaw with your teeth and devour your very tables!" + }, + { + "id": 17765, + "la": "dixit et in silvam pinnis ablata refugit", + "en": "She spoke and, borne away on her wings, fled back to the forest." + }, + { + "id": 17766, + "la": "at sociis subita gelidus formidine sanguis deriguit; cecidere animi, nec iam amplius armis, sed votis precibusque iubent exposcere pacem, sive deae seu sint dirae obscenaeque volucres", + "en": "But my comrades blood chilled and froze with sudden fear; their spirit fell, and no longer with arms, but with vows and prayers they now bid me sue for peace, whether these be goddesses, or dread and ill-omened birds." + }, + { + "id": 17767, + "la": "et pater Anchises passis de litore palmis numina magna vocat meritosque indicit honores: di, prohibete minas, di, talem avertite casum et placidi servate pios! tum litore funem deripere excussosque iubet laxare rudentis", + "en": "And father Anchises, with hands outstretched, from the beach calls upon the mighty gods, and proclaims the sacrifices due: O gods, stay their threats! Gods, turn aside this misfortune and graciously save the guiltless! Then he bids them tear the cable from the shore, uncoil and loose the sheets." + }, + { + "id": 17768, + "la": "tendunt vela Noti; fugimus spumantibus undis, qua cursum ventusque gubernatorque vocabat", + "en": "South winds stretch the sails; we flee over foaming waves, where breeze and pilot called our course." + }, + { + "id": 17769, + "la": "iam medio apparet fluctu nemorosa Zacynthos Dulichiumque Sameque et Neritos ardua saxis", + "en": "Now amid the waves appear wooded Zacynthus, Dulichium, and Same, and Neritus with its steepy crags." + }, + { + "id": 17770, + "la": "effugimus scopulos Ithacae, Laertia regna, et terram altricem saevi exsecramur Ulixi; mox et Leucatae nimbosa cacumina montis et formidatus nautis aperitur Apollo", + "en": "We flee past the rocks of Ithaca, Laertes realm, and curse the land that nursed cruel Ulysses. Soon, too, Mount Leucatas storm-capped peaks come in view, and Apollos shrine, dreaded by sailors." + }, + { + "id": 17771, + "la": "hunc petimus fessi et parvae succedimus urbi; ancora de prora iacitur, stant litore puppes", + "en": "Hither we wearily sail, and draw near the little town; the anchor is cast from the prow, the sterns stand ranged on the shore." + }, + { + "id": 17772, + "la": "Ergo insperata tandem tellure potiti lustramurque Iovi votisque incendimus aras Actiaque Iliacis celebramus litora ludis", + "en": "So having at last won land unhoped for, we offer to Jove dues of cleansing, kindle the altars with offerings, and throng the Actian shores in the games of Ilium." + }, + { + "id": 17773, + "la": "exercent patrias oleo labente palaestras nudati socii; iuvat evasisse tot urbes Argolicas mediosque fugam tenuisse per hostis", + "en": "My comrades strip and, sleek with oil, engage in their native wrestling bouts, glad to have slipped past so many Argive towns, and kept on their flight through the midst of foes." + }, + { + "id": 17774, + "la": "interea magnum sol circumvolvitur annum et glacialis hiems Aquilonibus asperat undas: aere cavo clipeum, magni gestamen Abantis, postibus adversis figo et rem carmine signo: aeneas haec de danais victoribus arma", + "en": "Meanwhile the sun wheels round the mighty circuit of the year, and icy winter ruffles the waters with northern blasts. A shield of hollow brass, once borne by great Abas, I fix on the entrance pillars and mark the event with a verse: these arms aeneas from victorious greeks." + }, + { + "id": 17775, + "la": "linquere tum portus iubeo et considere transtris; certatim socii feriunt mare et aequora verrunt", + "en": "Then I bid them quit the harbour and man the benches; with rival strokes my comrades lash the sea and sweep the waters." + }, + { + "id": 17776, + "la": "protinus arias Phaeacum abscondimus arces, litoraque Epiri legimus portuque subimus Chaonio et celsam Buthroti accedimus urbem", + "en": "Soon we lose from sight the towering heights of the Phaeacians, skirt the shores of Epirus, enter the Chaonian harbour, and draw near Buthrotums lofty city." + }, + { + "id": 17777, + "la": "Hic incredibilis rerum fama occupat auris, Priamiden Helenum Graias regnare per urbes, coniugio Aeacidae Pyrrhi sceptrisque potitum, et patrio Andromachen iterum cessisse marito", + "en": "Here the rumour of a tale beyond belief fills our ears, that Priams son, Helenus, is reigning over Greek cities, having won the wife and kingdom of Pyrrhus, son of Achilles, and that Andromache has again passed to a husband of her own race." + }, + { + "id": 17778, + "la": "obstipui, miroque incensum pectus amore compellare virum et casus cognoscere tantos", + "en": "I was amazed, and my heart burned with a wondrous desire to address him and learn of this strange fortune." + }, + { + "id": 17779, + "la": "progredior portu, classis et litora linquens, sollemnis cum forte dapes et tristia dona ante urbem in luco falsi Simoentis ad undam libabat cineri Andromache, Manisque vocabat Hectoreum ad tumulum, viridi quem caespite inanem et geminas, causam lacrimis, sacraverat aras", + "en": "I advance from the harbour, leaving shore and fleet, just when, as it happened, Andromache, in a grove outside the city, by the waters of a mimic Simois, was offering her yearly feast and gifts of mourning to the dust, and calling the ghost to Hectors tomb'the empty mound of green turf that she had hallowed with twin altars, there to shed her tears." + }, + { + "id": 17780, + "la": "ut me conspexit venientem et Troa circum arma amens vidit, magnis exterrita monstris deriguit visu in medio, calor ossa reliquit, labitur et longo vix tandem tempore fatur: verane te facies, verus mihi nuntius adfers, nate dea? vivisne? aut si lux alma recessit, Hector ubi est? dixit lacrimasque effudit et omnem implevit clamore locum", + "en": "When she caught sight of me coming, and saw to her amazement the arms of Troy around, awed by these great marvels she stiffened even as she gazed, and the warmth forsook her limbs. She swoons, and at last after a long time speaks: Are you a real form, a real messenger, coming to me, goddess-born? Are you alive? Or if the light of life has left you, where is Hector? She spoke, and shedding a flood of tears filled all the place with her cries." + }, + { + "id": 17781, + "la": "vix pauca furenti subicio et raris turbatus vocibus hisco: vivo equidem vitamque extrema per omnia duco; ne dubita, nam vera vides", + "en": "To her in her frenzy I can scarcely make a brief reply, and deeply moved gasp with broken words: I live indeed, and drag on my life through all extremes; doubt not, for what you see is real" + }, + { + "id": 17782, + "la": "heu! quis te casus deiectam coniuge tanto excipit? aut quae digna satis fortuna revisit, Hectoris Andromache? Pyrrhin conubia servas? deiecit vultum et demissa voce locuta est: O felix una ante alias Priameia virgo, hostilem ad tumulum Troiae sub moenibus altis iussa mori, quae sortitus non pertulit ullos nec victoris eri tetigit captiva cubile!", + "en": "Ah! What fate has befallen you, since you lost such a husband? What fortune worthy of you, Hectors Andromache, is yours again? Are you still wedded to Pyrrhus? She cast down her eyes, and with lowered voice spoke: O happy beyond all others, maiden daughter of Priam, bidden to die at a foemans tomb, beneath Troys lofty walls, who never bore the lots award, nor knew, as captive, a conquering masters bed!" + }, + { + "id": 17783, + "la": "nos patria incensa diversa per aequora vectae stirpis Achilleae fastus iuvenemque superbum, servitio enixae, tulimus; qui deinde, secutus Ledaeam Hermionen Lacedaemoniosque hymenaeos, me famulo famulamque Heleno transmisit habendam", + "en": "We, our homeland burnt, borne over distant seas, have endured the pride of Achilles son and his youthful insolence, bearing children in slavery; afterwards, seeking Ledas Hermione and a Spartan marriage, he passed me over to Helenus keeping'a bondmaid and to a bondman." + }, + { + "id": 17784, + "la": "ast illum ereptae magno flammatus amore coniugis et scelerum Furiis agitatus Orestes excipit incautum patriasque obtruncat ad aras", + "en": "But him Orestes, fired with strong desire for his stolen bride, and goaded by the Furies of his crimes, catches unawares and slays at his fathers altar." + }, + { + "id": 17785, + "la": "morte Neoptolemi regnorum reddita cessit pars Heleno, qui Chaonios cognomine campos Chaoniamque omnem Troiano a Chaone dixit, Pergamaque Iliacamque iugis hanc addidit arcem", + "en": "By the death of Neoptolemus a portion of the realm passed as his due to Helenus, who called the plains Chaonian and the whole land Chaonia from Chaon of Troy, and placed on the heights a Pergamus, this Ilian citadel." + }, + { + "id": 17786, + "la": "sed tibi qui cursum venti, quae fata dedere? aut quisnam ignarum nostris deus appulit oris? quid puer Ascanius? superatne et vescitur aura?", + "en": "But to you what winds, what fates gave a course? What god has driven you unknowing on our coasts? What of the boy Ascanius? Lives he yet and feeds he on the air of heaven?" + }, + { + "id": 17787, + "la": "ecqua tamen puero est amissae cura parentis? ecquid in antiquam virtutem animosque virilis et pater Aeneas et avunculus excitat Hector? talia fundebat lacrimans longosque ciebat incassum fletus, cum sese a moenibus heros Priamides multis Helenus comitantibus adfert, agnoscitque suos laetusque ad limina ducit et multum lacrimas verba inter singula fundit", + "en": "Has the lad none the less some love for his lost mother? Do his father Aeneas and his uncle Hector arouse him at all to ancestral valour and to manly spirit? Such words she poured forth weeping, and was vainly raising a long lament, when the hero Helenus, Priams son, draws near from the city with a great company. He knows us for his kin, joyfully leads us to the gates, and freely pours forth tears at every word." + }, + { + "id": 17788, + "la": "procedo et parvam Troiam simulataque magnis Pergama et arentem Xanthi cognomine rivum agnosco, Scaeaeque amplector limina portae", + "en": "I advance, and recognize a little Troy, with a copy of great Pergamus, and a dry brook that takes its name from Xanthus, and embrace the portals of a Scaean gate." + }, + { + "id": 17789, + "la": "nec non et Teucri socia simul urbe fruuntur", + "en": "No less, too, my Teucrians enjoy with me the friendly city." + }, + { + "id": 17790, + "la": "illos porticibus rex accipiebat in amplis; aulai medio libabant pocula Bacchi, impositis auro dapibus, paterasque tenebant", + "en": "The king welcomed them amid broad colonnades; in the centre of the hall they poured libations of wine and held the bowls, while the feast was served on gold." + }, + { + "id": 17791, + "la": "Iamque dies alterque dies processit, et aurae vela vocant tumidoque inflatur carbasus Austro: his vatem adgredior dictis ac talia quaeso:", + "en": "And now day after day has passed; the breezes call to the sails, and the canvas fills with the swelling South. With these words I approach the seer, and thus make quest:" + }, + { + "id": 17792, + "la": "Troiugena, interpres divum, qui numina Phoebi, qui tripoda ac Clarii laurus, qui sidera sentis et volucrum linguas et praepetis omina pinnae, fare age (namque omnis cursum mihi prospera dixit religio, et cuncti suaserunt numine divi Italiam petere et terras temptare repostas; sola novum dictuque nefas Harpyia Celaeno prodigium canit et tristis denuntiat iras obscenamque famem), quae prima pericula vito?", + "en": "O son of Troy, interpreter of the gods, who know the will of Phoebus, the tripod and laurel of the Clarian, 4 the stars, and tongues of birds and omens of the flying wing, come, tell me'for every sign from heaven has uttered favourable words to me about my journey, and all the gods in their oracles have counselled me to make for Italy and explore lands remote; only Celaeno the Harpy prophesies a startling portent, horrible to tell of, and threatens baleful wrath and foul famine'what perils am I first to shun?" + }, + { + "id": 17793, + "la": "quidve sequens tantos possim superare labores?", + "en": "And by what course may I surmount such suffering?" + }, + { + "id": 17794, + "la": "hic Helenus, caesis primum de more iuvencis, exorat pacem divum vittasque resolvit sacrati capitis meque ad tua limina, Phoebe, ipse manu multo suspensum numine ducit, atque haec deinde canit divino ex ore sacerdos:", + "en": "Then Helenus, first sacrificing steers in due form, craves the grace of heaven and unbinds the fillets of his hallowed brow; with his own hand he leads me to your gates, Phoebus, thrilled with your full presence, and then with a priests inspired lips thus prophesies:" + }, + { + "id": 17795, + "la": "Nate dea, nam te maioribus ire per altum auspiciis manifesta fides (sic fata deum rex sortitur volvitque vices, is vertitur ordo), pauca tibi e multis, quo tutior hospita lustres aequora et Ausonio possis considere portu, expediam dictis; prohibent nam cetera Parcae scire Helenum farique vetat Saturnia Iuno", + "en": "Goddess-born, since there is clear proof that under higher auspices you journey over the sea'for thus the king of the gods allots the destinies and rolls the wheel of change, and such is the circling course'a few things out of many I will unfold to you in speech, that so more safely you may traverse the seas of your sojourn, and find rest in Ausonias haven; for the Fates forbid Helenus to know more and Saturnian Juno stays her utterance." + }, + { + "id": 17796, + "la": "principio Italiam, quam tu iam rere propinquam vicinosque, ignare, paras invadere portus, longa procul longis via dividit invia terris", + "en": "First of all, the Italy which now you deem so near, and whose harbours you are, unwitting one, preparing to enter as if they were close by, a distant path which is no path sunders widely." + }, + { + "id": 17797, + "la": "ante et Trinacria lentandus remus in unda et salis Ausonii lustrandum navibus aequor infernique lacus Aeaeaeque insula Circae, quam tuta possis urbem componere terra", + "en": "First in the Trinacrian wave you must strain the oar, and traverse with your ships the salt Ausonian main, past the nether lakes and Aeaean Circes isle, before you can build your city in a land of safety." + }, + { + "id": 17798, + "la": "signa tibi dicam, tu condita mente teneto", + "en": "I will declare tokens to you; keep them stored in your mind." + }, + { + "id": 17799, + "la": "cum tibi sollicito secreti ad fluminis undam litoreis ingens inventa sub ilicibus sus triginta capitum fetus enixa iacebit, alba solo recubans, albi circum ubera nati, is locus urbis erit, requies ea certa laborum", + "en": "When, in your distress, by the waters of a secluded stream, you find a sow lying under the oaks on the shore, just delivered of a litter of thirty young, a white mother reclining on the ground, and white the young at her teats'there shall be the citys site, there a sure rest from your toils." + }, + { + "id": 17800, + "la": "nec tu mensarum morsus horresce futuros; fata viam invenient aderitque vocatus Apollo", + "en": "And fear not the gnawing of tables that awaits you; the Fates will find a way, and Apollo be present at your call." + }, + { + "id": 17801, + "la": "has autem terras Italique hanc litoris oram, proxima quae nostri perfunditur aequoris aestu, effuge; cuncta malis habitantur moenia Grais", + "en": "But these lands, and this nearest border of the Italian shore, that is washed by the tide of our own sea, avoid; in all the towns dwell evil Greeks!" + }, + { + "id": 17802, + "la": "hic et Narycii posuerunt moenia Locri et Sallentinos obsedit milite campos Lyctius Idomeneus; hic illa ducis Meliboei parva Philoctetae subnixa Petelia muro", + "en": "Here the Narycian Locri have built a city, and Lyctian Idomeneus has beset with soldiery the Sallentine plains; here is the famous town of Philoctetes, the Meliboean captain'tiny Petelia, strong within her wall." + }, + { + "id": 17803, + "la": "quin ubi transmissae steterint trans aequora classes et positis aris iam vota in litore solves, purpureo velare comas adopertus amictu, ne qua inter sanctos ignis in honore deorum hostilis facies occurrat et omina turbet", + "en": "Moreover, when your ships have crossed the seas and anchored, and when you then raise altars and pay vows on the shore, veil your hair with the covering of a purple robe, that in the worship of the gods no hostile face may intrude amid the holy fires and mar the omens." + }, + { + "id": 17804, + "la": "hunc socii morem sacrorum, hunc ipse teneto; hac casti maneant in religione nepotes", + "en": "Hold to this mode of sacrifice, you and your company; let your childrens children in purity stand fast." + }, + { + "id": 17805, + "la": "Ast ubi digressum Siculae te admoverit orae ventus et angusti rarescent claustra Pelori, laeva tibi tellus et longo laeva petantur aequora circuitu; dextrum fuge litus et undas", + "en": "But when, on departing thence, the wind has borne you to the Sicilian coast, and the barriers of narrow Pelorus open out, make for the land on the left and the seas on the left, long though the circuit be; shun the shore and waters on the right." + }, + { + "id": 17806, + "la": "haec loca vi quondam et vasta convulsa ruina (tantum aevi longinqua valet mutare vetustas) dissiluisse ferunt, cum protinus utraque tellus una foret; venit medio vi pontus et undis Hesperium Siculo latus abscidit, arvaque et urbes litore diductas angusto interluit aestu", + "en": "These lands, they say, of old broke asunder, torn by force of mighty upheaval'such vast change can length of time effect'when the two countries were one unbroken whole. The sea came in force between, cut off with its waters the Hesperian from the Sicilian coast, and with narrow tideway washes fields and cities on severed shores." + }, + { + "id": 17807, + "la": "dextrum Scylla latus, laevum implacata Charybdis obsidet, atque imo barathri ter gurgite vastos sorbet in abruptum fluctus rursusque sub auras erigit alternos, et sidera verberat unda", + "en": "Scylla guards the right side; insatiate Charybdis the left; and at the bottom of her seething chasm thrice she sucks the vast waves into the abyss, and again in turn throws them upwards, lashing the stars with spray." + }, + { + "id": 17808, + "la": "at Scyllam caecis cohibet spelunca latebris ora exsertantem et navis in saxa trahentem", + "en": "But Scylla a cavern confines in dark recesses, from which she thrusts forth her mouths and draws ships on to her rocks." + }, + { + "id": 17809, + "la": "prima hominis facies et pulchro pectore virgo pube tenus, postrema immani corpore pistrix, delphinum caudas utero commissa luporum", + "en": "Above she is of human form, down to the waist a fair-bosomed maiden; below, she is a sea dragon of monstrous frame, with dolphins tails joined to a belly of wolves." + }, + { + "id": 17810, + "la": "praestat Trinacrii metas lustrare Pachyni cessantem, longos et circumflectere cursus, quam semel informem vasto vidisse sub antro Scyllam et caeruleis canibus resonantia saxa", + "en": "Better is it slowly to round the promontory of Trinacrian Pachynus and double back on a long course than once get sight of misshapen Scylla in her vast cavern, and of the rocks that echo with her sea-green hounds." + }, + { + "id": 17811, + "la": "praeterea, si qua est Heleno prudentia, vati si qua fides, animum si veris implet Apollo, unum illud tibi, nate dea, proque omnibus unum praedicam et repetens iterumque iterumque monebo: Iunonis magnae primum prece numen adora, Iunoni cane vota libens dominamque potentem supplicibus supera donis: sic denique victor Trinacria finis Italos mittere relicta", + "en": "Moreover, if Helenus has any foresight, if the seer may claim any faith, if Apollo fills his soul with truths, this one thing, Goddess-born, this one in lieu of all I will foretell, and again and again repeat the warning: mighty Junos power honour first with prayer; to Juno joyfully chant vows, and win over the mighty mistress with suppliant gifts. So at last you will leave Trinacria behind and be sped triumphantly to the bounds of Italy." + }, + { + "id": 17812, + "la": "huc ubi delatus Cumaeam accesseris urbem divinosque lacus et Averna sonantia silvis, insanam vatem aspicies, quae rupe sub ima fata canit foliisque notas et nomina mandat", + "en": "And when, thither borne, you draw near to the town of Cumae, the haunted lakes, and Avernus with its rustling woods, you will see an inspired prophetess, who deep in a rocky cave sings the Fates and entrusts to leaves signs and symbols." + }, + { + "id": 17813, + "la": "quaecumque in foliis descripsit carmina virgo, digerit in numerum atque antro seclusa relinquit", + "en": "Whatever verses the maid has traced on leaves she arranges in order and stores away in the cave." + }, + { + "id": 17814, + "la": "illa manent immota locis neque ab ordine cedunt; verum eadem, verso tenuis cum cardine ventus impulit et teneras turbavit ianua frondes, numquam deinde cavo volitantia prendere saxo nec revocare situs aut iungere carmina curat; inconsulti abeunt sedemque odere Sibyllae", + "en": "These remain unmoved in their places and do not quit their rank; but when at the turn of a hinge a light breeze has stirred them, and the open door has scattered the tender foliage, never thereafter does she care to catch them, as they flutter in the rocky cave, nor to recover their places and unite the verses; inquirers depart no wiser than they came, and loathe the Sibyls seat." + }, + { + "id": 17815, + "la": "hic tibi ne qua morae fuerint dispendia tanti, quamvis increpitent socii et vi cursus in altum vela vocet possisque sinus implere secundos, quin adeas vatem precibusque oracula poscas ipsa canat vocemque volens atque ora resolvat", + "en": "Here let no loss of time by delay be of such importance in your eyes'though comrades chide, though the voyage urgently calls your sails to the deep and you have the chance to swell their folds with favouring gales'that you do not visit the prophetess and with prayers plead that she herself chant the oracles, and graciously open her lips in speech." + }, + { + "id": 17816, + "la": "illa tibi Italiae populos venturaque bella et quo quemque modo fugiasque ferasque laborem, expediet, cursusque dabit venerata secundos", + "en": "The nations of Italy, the wars to come, how you are to flee or face each toil, she will unfold to you; and, reverently besought, she will grant you a prosperous voyage." + }, + { + "id": 17817, + "la": "haec sunt, quae nostra liceat te voce moneri", + "en": "These are the warnings that you are permitted to hear from my voice." + }, + { + "id": 17818, + "la": "vade age et ingentem factis fer ad aethera Troiam.", + "en": "Go, then, and by your deeds exalt Troy in greatness unto heaven!" + }, + { + "id": 17819, + "la": "Quae postquam vates sic ore effatus amico est, dona dehinc auro gravia ac secto elephanto imperat ad navis ferri, stipatque carinis ingens argentum Dodonaeosque lebetas, loricam consertam hamis auroque trilicem, et conum insignis galeae cristasque comantis, arma Neoptolemi", + "en": "When the seer had thus spoken with friendly lips, he next gives commands that gifts of heavy gold and sawn ivory be brought to the ships, stows in the hulls massive silver and cauldrons of Dodona, a breastplate triple-woven with hooks of gold, and a brilliant pointed helm with crested plumes, the arms of Neoptolemus." + }, + { + "id": 17820, + "la": "sunt et sua dona parenti", + "en": "There are gifts, too, for my father." + }, + { + "id": 17821, + "la": "addit equos additque duces", + "en": "He includes horses and includes guides" + }, + { + "id": 17822, + "la": "remigium supplet; socios simul instruit armis", + "en": "he fills up our crews, and also equips my comrades with arms." + }, + { + "id": 17823, + "la": "Interea classem velis aptare iubebat Anchises, fieret vento mora ne qua ferenti", + "en": "Meanwhile Anchises bade us fit the ships with sails, so that the favouring wind would meet no delay." + }, + { + "id": 17824, + "la": "quem Phoebi interpres multo compellat honore:", + "en": "Him the interpreter of Phoebus with deep respect addresses:" + }, + { + "id": 17825, + "la": "coniugio, Anchise, Veneris dignate superbo, cura deum, bis Pergameis erepte ruinis, ecce tibi Ausoniae tellus; hanc arripe velis", + "en": "Anchises, deemed worthy of lofty wedlock with Venus, the gods charge, twice rescued from the fall of Pergamus, see! before you is the land of Ausonia! Make sail and seize it!" + }, + { + "id": 17826, + "la": "et tamen hanc pelago praeterlabare necesse est; Ausoniae pars illa procul, quam pandit Apollo", + "en": "And yet past this shore you must drift upon the sea; far away is that part of Ausonia which Apollo reveals." + }, + { + "id": 17827, + "la": "vade, ait, o felix nati pietate", + "en": "Go forth, he cries, blest in your sons love." + }, + { + "id": 17828, + "la": "quid ultra provehor et fando surgentis demoror Austros? nec minus Andromache, digressu maesta supremo, fert picturatas auri subtemine vestes et Phrygiam Ascanio chlamydem, nec cedit honore, textilibusque onerat donis ac talia fatur:", + "en": "Why do I continue further, and with speech delay the rising winds? Andromache, too, sad at the last parting, brings robes figured with inwoven gold, and for Ascanius a Phrygian scarf, nor does she fail in courtesy, but loads him with gifts from the loom, and thus speaks:" + }, + { + "id": 17829, + "la": "cape dona extrema tuorum, o mihi sola mei super Astyanactis imago", + "en": "Take these last gifts of your kin, you sole surviving image of my Astyanax!" + }, + { + "id": 17830, + "la": "sic oculos, sic ille manus, sic ora ferebat; et nunc aequali tecum pubesceret aevo.", + "en": "Such was he in eyes, in hands and face; even now would his youth be ripening in equal years with yours!" + }, + { + "id": 17831, + "la": "hos ego digrediens lacrimis adfabar obortis: vivite felices, quibus est fortuna peracta iam sua; nos alia ex aliis in fata vocamur", + "en": "My tears welled up as I spoke to them my parting words: Live and be happy, as should those whose destiny is now achieved; we are still summoned from fate to fate." + }, + { + "id": 17832, + "la": "vobis parta quies; nullum maris aequor arandum, arva neque Ausoniae semper cedentia retro quaerenda", + "en": "Your rest is won. No seas have you to plough, nor have you to seek Ausonian fields that move for ever backward." + }, + { + "id": 17833, + "la": "effigiem Xanthi Troiamque videtis, quam vestrae fecere manus, melioribus, opto, auspiciis, et quae fuerit minus obvia Grais", + "en": "You see a copy of Xanthus and a Troy, which your own hands have built, under happier omens, I pray, and better shielded from Greeks." + }, + { + "id": 17834, + "la": "si quando Thybrim vicinaque Thybridis arva intraro gentique meae data moenia cernam, cognatas urbes olim populosque propinquos, Epiro Hesperiam, quibus idem Dardanus auctor atque idem casus, unam faciemus utramque Troiam animis; maneat nostros ea cura nepotes.", + "en": "If ever I enter the Tiber and Tibers neighbouring fields and look on the city walls granted to my race, hereafter of our sister cities and allied peoples, Hesperia allied to Epirus'who have the same Dardanus for ancestor and the same disastrous story'of these two we shall make one Troy in spirit. May that duty await our childrens children!" + }, + { + "id": 17835, + "la": "Provehimur pelago vicina Ceraunia iuxta, unde iter Italiam cursusque brevissimus undis", + "en": "Along the sea we speed, by the near Ceraunian cliffs, whence is the way to Italy and the shortest voyage over the waves." + }, + { + "id": 17836, + "la": "sol ruit interea et montes umbrantur opaci", + "en": "Meanwhile the sun sets and the hills lie dark in shade." + }, + { + "id": 17837, + "la": "sternimur optatae gremio telluris ad undam, sortiti remos, passimque in litore sicco corpora curamus; fessos sopor inrigat artus", + "en": "Having allotted the oars, we fling ourselves down near the water on the bosom of the welcome land and refresh ourselves on the dry beach; sleep bedews our weary limbs." + }, + { + "id": 17838, + "la": "necdum orbem medium Nox Horis acta subibat: haud segnis strato surgit Palinurus et omnis explorat ventos atque auribus ara captat; sidera cuncta notat tacito labentia caelo, Arcturum pluviasque Hyadas geminosque Triones, armatumque auro circumspicit Oriona", + "en": "Not yet was Night, driven by the Hours, entering her mid course, when Palinurus springs, alert, from his couch, tries all the winds, and with eager ear catches the breeze; he marks all the stars gliding in the silent sky, Arcturus, the rainy Hyades, and the twin Bears, and he scans Orion, girt with golden armour." + }, + { + "id": 17839, + "la": "postquam cuncta videt caelo constare sereno, dat clarum e puppi signum; nos castra movemus temptamusque viam et velorum pandimus alas", + "en": "When he sees that all is calm in a cloudless sky, he gives a loud signal from the stern; we break up camp, venture on our way, and spread the wings of our sails." + }, + { + "id": 17840, + "la": "iamque rubescebat stellis Aurora fugatis, cum procul obscuros colles humilemque videmus Italiam", + "en": "And now the stars were put to rout and Dawn was blushing, when far off we see dim hills and low-lying Italy." + }, + { + "id": 17841, + "la": "Italiam primus conclamat Achates, Italiam laeto socii clamore salutant", + "en": "Italy! cries Achates the foremost; Italy my comrades hail with joyful cry." + }, + { + "id": 17842, + "la": "tum pater Anchises magnum cratera corona induit implevitque mero divosque vocavit stans celsa in puppi", + "en": "Then father Anchises wreathed a great bowl, filled it with wine, and standing on the lofty stern called on the gods" + }, + { + "id": 17843, + "la": "di maris et terrae tempestatumque potentes, ferte viam vento facilem et spirate secundi! crebrescunt optatae aurae, portusque patescit iam propior, templumque apparet in Arce Minervae", + "en": "O gods, lords of the sea and earth and storms, carry us onward with easy wind, and blow with favouring breath! The longed-for breezes freshen, a haven opens as we now draw near, and a temple is seen on Minervas Height." + }, + { + "id": 17844, + "la": "vela legunt socii et proras ad litora torquent", + "en": "My comrades furl the sails and shoreward turn the prows." + }, + { + "id": 17845, + "la": "portus ab Euroo fluctu curvatus in arcum; obiectae salsa spumant aspargine cautes, ipse latet; gemino demittunt bracchia muro turriti scopuli, refugitque ab litore templum", + "en": "There a harbour is bent bow-like by the eastern surge; its jutting reefs foam with the salt spray, itself lying hid; towering crags let down arms of twin walls, and the temple lies away from the shore." + }, + { + "id": 17846, + "la": "quattuor hic, primum omen, equos in gramine vidi, tondentis campum late, candore nivali", + "en": "Here, as a first omen, four steeds I saw on the turf, grazing at large over the plain, as white as snow." + }, + { + "id": 17847, + "la": "et pater Anchises: bellum, o terra hospita, portas; bello armantur equi, bellum haec armenta minantur", + "en": "Then father Anchises: Tis war you bring, land of our reception; for war are horses armed, war these herds portend." + }, + { + "id": 17848, + "la": "sed tamen idem olim curru succedere sueti quadrupedes et frena iugo concordia ferre: spes et pacis, ait", + "en": "But yet, he cries, those same steeds at times are wont to come under the chariot and beneath the yoke to bear the bit in concord; there is hope also of peace!" + }, + { + "id": 17849, + "la": "Tum numina sancta precamur Palladis armisonae, quae prima accepit ovantis, et capita ante aras Phrygio velamur amictu, praeceptisque Heleni, dederat quae maxima, rite Iunoni Argivae iussos adolemus honores", + "en": "Then we pray to the holy power of Pallas, queen of clashing arms, who first welcomed our cheers, before the altar veil our heads in Phrygian robe, and, following the urgent charge which Helenus had given, duly offer to Argive Juno the prescribed sacrifice." + }, + { + "id": 17850, + "la": "Haud mora, continuo perfectis ordine votis cornua velatarum obvertimus antemnarum Graiugenumque domos suspectaque linquimus arva", + "en": "At once, soon as our vows are paid in full, we point seaward the horns of our sail-clad yards, and leave the homes of the Greek-born race and the fields we distrust." + }, + { + "id": 17851, + "la": "hinc sinus Herculei, si vera est fama, Tarenti cernitur; attollit se diva Lacinia contra Caulonisque arces et navifragum Scylaceum", + "en": "Next is descried the bay of Tarentum, a town of Hercules, if the tale be true; while over against it rise the Lacinian god-dess, the towers of Caulon and shipwrecking Scylaceum." + }, + { + "id": 17852, + "la": "tum procul e fluctu Trinacria cernitur Aetna, et gemitum ingentem pelagi pulsataque saxa audimus longe fractasque ad litora voces, exsultantque vada atque aestu miscentur harenae", + "en": "Then in the distance out of the waves appears Trinacrian Aetna, and from afar we hear the loud moaning of the main, the beating of the rocks, and recurrent crash of waves upon the shore; the shoals dash up and the sands mingle with the surge." + }, + { + "id": 17853, + "la": "et pater Anchises: nimirum hic illa Charybdis; hos Helenus scopulos, haec saxa horrenda canebat", + "en": "Then father Anchises: Surely here is that Charybdis; these are the crags, these the dread rocks Helenus foretold." + }, + { + "id": 17854, + "la": "eripite, o socii, pariterque insurgite remis.", + "en": "To the rescue, comrades, and rise together over the oars!" + }, + { + "id": 17855, + "la": "haud minus ac iussi faciunt, primusque rudentem contorsit laevas proram Palinurus ad undas; laevam cuncta cohors remis ventisque petivit", + "en": "Even as bidden they do, and first Palinurus swung the groaning prow to the waves leftward; leftward all our force plied with oars and wind." + }, + { + "id": 17856, + "la": "tollimur in caelum curvato gurgite et idem subducta ad Manis imos desedimus unda;", + "en": "We mount up to heaven on the arched billow and again, with the receding wave, sink down to the depths of hell." + }, + { + "id": 17857, + "la": "ter scopuli clamorem inter cava saxa dedere, ter spumam elisam et rorantia vidimus astra", + "en": "Thrice amid the rocky caverns the cliffs uttered a cry; thrice we saw the showered spray and the dripping stars." + }, + { + "id": 17858, + "la": "interea fessos ventus cum sole reliquit, ignarique viae Cyclopum adlabimur oris", + "en": "Meanwhile, at sundown the wind failed our weary band and, in ignorance of the way, we drift up to the Cyclopes coast." + }, + { + "id": 17859, + "la": "Portus ab accessu ventorum immotus et ingens ipse, sed horrificis iuxta tonat Aetna ruinis, interdumque atram prorumpit ad aethera nubem, turbine fumantem piceo et candente favilla, attollitque globos flammarum et sidera lambit; interdum scopulos avulsaque viscera montis erigit eructans, liquefactaque saxa sub auras cum gemitu glomerat, fundoque exaestuat imo", + "en": "There lies a harbour, safe from the winds approach and spacious in itself, but near at hand Aetna thunders with terrifying crashes, and now hurls forth to the sky a black cloud, smoking with pitch-black eddy and glowing ashes, and uplifts balls of flame and licks the stars'now violently vomits forth rocks, the mountains uptorn entrails, and whirls molten stone skyward with a roar, and boils up from its lowest depths." + }, + { + "id": 17860, + "la": "fama est Enceladi semustum fulmine corpus urgeri mole hac ingentemque insuper Aetnam impositam ruptis flammam exspirare caminis, et fessum quotiens mutet latus, intremere omnem murmure Trinacriam et caelum subtexere fumo", + "en": "The story runs that Enceladus form, scathed by the thunderbolt, is weighed down by that mass, and mighty Aetna, piled above, from its burst furnaces breathes forth flame; and ever as he turns his weary side all Trinacria moans and trembles, veiling the sky in smoke." + }, + { + "id": 17861, + "la": "noctem illam tecti silvis immania monstra perferimus nec, quae sonitum det causa, videmus", + "en": "All that night we hide in the woods, enduring monstrous horrors, and see not from what cause comes the sound." + }, + { + "id": 17862, + "la": "nam neque erant astrorum ignes nec lucidus aethra siderea polus, obscuro sed nubila caelo, et lunam in nimbo nox intempesta tenebat", + "en": "For neither did the stars show their fires, nor was heaven bright with starlight, but mists darkened the sky and the dead of night held fast the moon in cloud." + }, + { + "id": 17863, + "la": "Postera iamque dies primo surgebat Eoo umentemque Aurora polo dimoverat umbram, cum subito e silvis, macie confecta suprema, ignoti nova forma viri miserandaque cultu procedit supplexque manus ad litora tendit", + "en": "And now the next day was rising with the earliest morning star, and Dawn had scattered from the sky the dewy shades, when on a sudden out of the woods comes forth the strange shape of an unknown man, outworn with uttermost hunger, and of piteous guise, and towards the beach stretches suppliant hands." + }, + { + "id": 17864, + "la": "respicimus", + "en": "We gaze at him." + }, + { + "id": 17865, + "la": "dira inluvies, immissaque barba, consertum tegumen spinis; at cetera Graius, et quondam patriis ad Troiam missus in armis", + "en": "Ghastly in his squalor, with unshorn beard, and garb fastened with thorns, he was yet in all else a Greek, and had once been sent to Troy in his countrys arms." + }, + { + "id": 17866, + "la": "isque ubi Dardanios habitus et Troa vidit arma procul, paulum aspectu conterritus haesit continuitque gradum; mox sese ad litora praeceps cum fletu precibusque tulit: per sidera testor, per superos atque hoc caeli spirabile lumen, tollite me, Teucri; quascumque abducite terras; hoc sat erit", + "en": "When far off he saw the Dardan dress and the Trojan weapons, affrighted at the sight he stopped awhile and checked his steps; then rushed headlong to the shore with tears and prayers: By the stars I beseech you, by the gods above and this lightsome air we breathe, take me, Trojans, carry me away to any lands whatever; that will be enough." + }, + { + "id": 17867, + "la": "scio me Danais e classibus unum, et bello Iliacos fateor petiisse Penates", + "en": "I know that I am one from the Danaan ships, and own that I warred against the gods of Ilium." + }, + { + "id": 17868, + "la": "pro quo, si sceleris tanta est iniuria nostri, spargite me in fluctus vastoque immergite ponto: si pereo, hominum manibus periisse iuvabit.", + "en": "For that, if my guilt hath done so much wrong, strew me piecemeal over the waves or plunge me in the vast sea. If I die, it will be a boon to have died at the hands of men!" + }, + { + "id": 17869, + "la": "dixerat et genua amplexus genibusque volutans haerebat", + "en": "He ceased, and clung to our knees, clasping them and grovelling there." + }, + { + "id": 17870, + "la": "qui sit fari, quo sanguine cretus, hortamur, quae deinde agitet fortuna, fateri", + "en": "We urge him to tell who he is, of what blood born, and then what fortune pursues him." + }, + { + "id": 17871, + "la": "ipse pater dextram Anchises, haud multa moratus, dat iuveni atque animum praesenti pignore firmat", + "en": "My father Anchises himself, with little delay, gives the youth his hand and comforts his heart with the present pledge." + }, + { + "id": 17872, + "la": "ille haec, deposita tandem formidine, fatur: Sum patria ex Ithaca, comes infelicis Ulixi, nomine Achaemenides, Troiam genitore Adamasto paupere (mansissetque utinam fortuna!) profectus", + "en": "At last he lays aside his fear and speaks thus: I come from the land of Ithaca, a companion of luckless Ulysses, Achaemenides by name, and, since my father Adamastus was poor'and would to heaven my luck had continued thus!'I set out for Troy." + }, + { + "id": 17873, + "la": "hic me, dum trepidi crudelia limina linquunt, immemores socii vasto Cyclopis in antro deseruere", + "en": "Here my comrades, when running away from the grim gateway, thoughtlessly left me in the Cyclops vast cave." + }, + { + "id": 17874, + "la": "domus sanie dapibusque cruentis, intus opaca, ingens", + "en": "It is a house of gore and bloodstained feasts, dark and huge within." + }, + { + "id": 17875, + "la": "ipse arduus, altaque pulsat sidera'di, talem terris avertite pestem!' nec visu facilis nec dictu adfabilis ulli", + "en": "The master, gigantic, strikes the stars on high'O gods, take such a pest away from earth!'in aspect forbidding, in speech to be accosted by none." + }, + { + "id": 17876, + "la": "visceribus miserorum et sanguine vescitur atro", + "en": "He feeds on the flesh of wretched men and their dark blood." + }, + { + "id": 17877, + "la": "vidi egomet, duo de numero cum corpora nostro prensa manu magna medio resupinus in antro frangeret ad saxum, sanieque aspersa natarent limina;", + "en": "I myself saw when he seized in his huge hand two of our company and, as he lounged in the midst of the cave, smashed them on the rock, and the spattered courts swam with gore;" + }, + { + "id": 17878, + "la": "vidi atro cum membra fluentia tabo manderet et tepidi tremerent sub dentibus artus", + "en": "I watched while he devoured their limbs, all dripping with black blood-clots, and the warm joints quivered beneath his teeth." + }, + { + "id": 17879, + "la": "haud impune quidem; nec talia passus Ulixes oblitusve sui est Ithacus discrimine tanto", + "en": "But not unpunished! Ulysses did not stand for this, nor did the man of Ithaca forget who he was at this dreadful time." + }, + { + "id": 17880, + "la": "nam simul expletus dapibus vinoque sepultus cervicem inflexam posuit, iacuitque per antrum immensus, saniem eructans et frusta cruento per somnum commixta mero, nos, magna precati numina sortitique vices, una undique circum fundimur et telo lumen terebramus acuto ingens, quod torva solum sub fronte latebat, Argolici clipei aut Phoebeae lampadis instar, et tandem laeti sociorum ulciscimur umbras", + "en": "For when, gorged with the feast and drowned in wine, the monster rested his drooping neck, and lay in endless length throughout the cave, in his sleep vomiting gore and morsels mixed with blood and wine, we prayed to the great gods, then, with our parts allotted, pour round him on every side, and with pointed weapon pierce the one huge eye that lay deep-set beneath his savage brow, like an Argive shield or the lamp of Phoebus. And so at last we gladly avenged our dead comrades." + }, + { + "id": 17881, + "la": "sed fugite, o miseri, fugite atque ab litore funem rumpite", + "en": "But flee, hapless ones, flee and cut your cables from the shore!" + }, + { + "id": 17882, + "la": "nam qualis quantusque cavo Polyphemus in antro lanigeras claudit pecudes atque ubera pressat, centum alii curva haec habitant ad litora vulgo infandi Cyclopes et altis montibus errant", + "en": "For in shape and size like Polyphemus, as he pens his fleecy flocks in the rocky cave and drains their udders, a hundred other monstrous Cyclopes dwell all along these curved shores and roam the high mountains." + }, + { + "id": 17883, + "la": "tertia iam lunae se cornua lumine complent, cum vitam in silvis inter deserta ferarum lustra domosque traho vastosque ab rupe Cyclopas prospicio sonitumque pedum vocemque tremesco", + "en": "For the third time now the moons horns are filling with light since I began to drag out my life in the woods among the lonely lairs and haunts of wild beasts, viewing from a rock the huge Cyclopes and trembling at their cries and tramping feet." + }, + { + "id": 17884, + "la": "victum infelicem, bacas lapidosaque corna, dant rami, et vulsis pascunt radicibus herbae", + "en": "A sorry living, berries and stony cornels, the boughs supply; and plants feed me with their uptorn roots." + }, + { + "id": 17885, + "la": "omnia conlustrans hanc primum ad litora classem prospexi venientem", + "en": "Scanning all the view, I saw this fleet drawing to the shore." + }, + { + "id": 17886, + "la": "huic me, quaecumque fuisset, addixi; satis est gentem effugisse nefandam", + "en": "To it, prove what it might, I surrendered myself. It is enough to have escaped that accursed brood!" + }, + { + "id": 17887, + "la": "vos animam hanc potius quocumque absumite leto.", + "en": "Take away this life of mine'it is better so'by any death whatever!" + }, + { + "id": 17888, + "la": "Vix ea fatus erat, summo cum monte videmus ipsum inter pecudes vasta se mole moventem pastorem Polyphemum et litora nota petentem, monstrum horrendum, informe, ingens, cui lumen ademptum", + "en": "Scarce had he spoken when on the mountaintop we saw the giant himself, the shepherd Polyphemus, moving his mighty bulk among his flocks and seeking the well known shore'a monster awful, hideous, huge, and eyeless." + }, + { + "id": 17889, + "la": "trunca manu pinus regit et vestigia firmat; lanigerae comitantur oves; ea sola voluptas solamenque mali", + "en": "In his hand a lopped pine guides and steadies his steps. His fleecy sheep attend him'his sole joy they, sole solace of his woe!" + }, + { + "id": 17890, + "la": "postquam altos tetigit fluctus et ad aequora venit, luminis effossi fluidum lavit inde cruorem dentibus infrendens gemitu, graditurque per aequor iam medium, necdum fluctus latera ardua tinxit", + "en": "As soon as he touched the deep waves and reached the sea, he washed therein the oozing blood from his eyes socket, gnashing his teeth and groaning, then strides through the open sea; nor has the wave yet wetted his towering sides." + }, + { + "id": 17891, + "la": "nos procul inde fugam trepidi celerare recepto supplice sic merito tacitique incidere funem, verrimus et proni certantibus aequora remis", + "en": "Desperately we speed our flight far from there, taking on board a suppliant so deserving, and silently cut the cable; then, bending forward, sweep the seas with eager oars." + }, + { + "id": 17892, + "la": "sensit, et ad sonitum vocis vestigia torsit", + "en": "He heard, and turned his steps towards the sound of the splash." + }, + { + "id": 17893, + "la": "verum ubi nulla datur dextra adfectare potestas nec potis Ionios fluctus aequare sequendo, clamorem immensum tollit, quo pontus et omnes contremuere undae, penitusque exterrita tellus Italiae curvisque immugiit Aetna cavernis", + "en": "But when no power is given him to lay hands on us, and he cannot in his pursuit keep up with the Ionian rollers, he raises a mighty roar, at which the sea and all its waves shuddered and the land of Italy was terrified far within, and Aetna bellowed in its winding caverns." + }, + { + "id": 17894, + "la": "at genus e silvis Cyclopum et montibus altis excitum ruit ad portus et litora complent", + "en": "But the race of the Cyclopes, roused from the woods and high mountains, rush to the harbour and throng the shores." + }, + { + "id": 17895, + "la": "cernimus astantis nequiquam lumine torvo Aetnaeos fratres caelo capita alta ferentis, concilium horrendum: quales cum vertice celso ariae quercus aut coniferae cyparissi constiterunt, silva alta Iovis lucusve Dianae", + "en": "We see them, standing impotent with glaring eye, the Aetnean brotherhood, their heads towering to the sky, a grim conclave: even as when on a mountaintop lofty oaks or cone-clad cypresses stand in mass, a high forest of Jove or grove of Diana." + }, + { + "id": 17896, + "la": "praecipitis metus acer agit quocumque rudentis excutere et ventis intendere vela secundis", + "en": "In headlong speed, sharp fear drives us to fling out our sheets for any course and spread our sails to any favouring breeze." + }, + { + "id": 17897, + "la": "contra, iussa monent Heleni, Scyllamque Charybdinque inter, utrimque viam leti discrimine parvo, ni teneam cursus: certum est dare lintea retro", + "en": "However, the instructions of Helenus warn me not to pursue a course between Scylla and Charybdis'a passage which on either side is but a hairs breadth removed from death." + }, + { + "id": 17898, + "la": "ecce autem Boreas angusta ab sede Pelori missus adest; vivo praetervehor ostia saxo Pantagiae Megarosque sinus Thapsumque iacentem", + "en": "It is resolved to sail back again, when the North Wind comes blowing from the narrow strait of Pelorus. Past Pantagias mouth with its living rock I voyage'past the Megarian bay and low-lying Thapsus." + }, + { + "id": 17899, + "la": "talia monstrabat relegens errata retrorsus litora Achaemenides, comes infelicis Ulixi", + "en": "Such were the coasts pointed out by Achaemenides, comrade of the luckless Ulysses, as he retraced his former wanderings." + }, + { + "id": 17900, + "la": "Sicanio praetenta sinu iacet insula contra Plemyrium undosum; nomen dixere priores Ortygiam", + "en": "Stretched in front of a Sicanian bay lies an island, over against wave-beaten Plemyrium; men of old called it Ortygia." + }, + { + "id": 17901, + "la": "Alpheum fama est huc Elidis amnem occultas egisse vias subter mare, qui nunc ore, Arethusa, tuo Siculis confunditur undis", + "en": "Hither, so runs the tale, Alpheus, river of Elis, forced a secret course beneath the sea, and now at your fountain, Arethusa, mingles with the Sicilian waves." + }, + { + "id": 17902, + "la": "iussi numina magna loci veneramur et inde exsupero praepingue solum stagnantis Helori", + "en": "As bidden, we worship the great gods of the land, and thence I passed the wondrous rich soil of marshy Helorus." + }, + { + "id": 17903, + "la": "hinc altas cautes proiectaque saxa Pachyni radimus, et fatis numquam concessa moveri apparet Camerina procul campique Geloi immanisque Gela fluvii cognomine dicta", + "en": "Next we skirt the high reefs and jutting rocks of Pachynus; and far off Camerina'Fate forbade that she ever be disturbed'is seen with the Geloan plains, and Gela, named after its impetuous river." + }, + { + "id": 17904, + "la": "arduus inde Acragas ostentat maxima longe moenia, magnanimum quondam generator equorum; teque datis linquo ventis, palmosa Selinus, et vada dura lego saxis Lilybeia caecis", + "en": "Then steep Acragas, once the breeder of noble steeds, shows in the distance her mighty walls; and, with favourable winds granted by the gods, I leave you behind, palm-girt Selinus, and skirt the shoals of Lilybaeum, perilous with blind rocks." + }, + { + "id": 17905, + "la": "hinc Drepani me portus et inlaetabilis ora accipit", + "en": "Next the harbour of Drepanum and its joyless shore receive me." + }, + { + "id": 17906, + "la": "hic pelagi tot tempestatibus actus heu! genitorem, omnis curae casusque levamen, amitto Anchisen; hic me, pater optime, fessum deseris, heu! tantis nequiquam erepte periclis! nec vates Helenus, cum multa horrenda moneret, hos mihi praedixit luctus, non dira Celaeno", + "en": "Here I, who have been driven by so many ocean-storms, lose, alas! my father Anchises, solace of every care and chance; here, best of fathers, you leave me in my weariness, snatched, alas! from such mighty perils all for naught. Nor did the seer Helenus, though he warned me of many horrors, nor grim Celaeno foretell me this grief." + }, + { + "id": 17907, + "la": "hic labor extremus, longarum haec meta viarum; hinc me digressum vestris deus appulit oris", + "en": "This was my last trial, this the goal of my long voyaging; departing thence, the god drove me to your shores." + }, + { + "id": 17908, + "la": "Sic pater Aeneas intentis omnibus unus fata renarrabat divum cursusque docebat", + "en": "Thus father Aeneas, before an eager throng, alone recounted the dooms ordained of heaven, and taught the story of his wanderings." + }, + { + "id": 17909, + "la": "conticuit tandem factoque hic fine quievit", + "en": "At last he ceased, and, here ending, took his rest." + }, + { + "id": 17910, + "la": "At regina gravi iamdudum saucia cura vulnus alit venis et caeco carpitur igni", + "en": "But the queen, long since smitten with a grievous love-pang, feeds the wound with her lifeblood, and is wasted with fire unseen." + }, + { + "id": 17911, + "la": "multa viri virtus animo multusque recursat gentis honos; haerent infixi pectore vultus verbaque, nec placidam membris dat cura quietem", + "en": "Oft to her mind rushes back the heros valour, oft his glorious stock; his looks and words cling fast to her bosom, and longing withholds calm rest from her limbs." + }, + { + "id": 17912, + "la": "Postera Phoebea lustrabat lampade terras umentemque Aurora polo dimoverat umbram, cum sic unanimam adloquitur male sana sororem: Anna soror, quae me suspensam insomnia terrent! quis novus hic nostris successit sedibus hospes, quem sese ore ferens, quam forti pectore et armis! credo equidem, nec vana fides, genus esse deorum", + "en": "The morrows dawn was lighting the earth with the lamp of Phoebus, and had scattered from the sky the dewy shades, when, much distraught, she thus speaks to her sister, sharer of her heart: Anna, my sister, what dreams thrill me with fears? Who is this stranger guest who has entered our home? How noble his mien! How brave in heart and feats of arms! I believe it well'nor is my confidence vain'that he is sprung from gods." + }, + { + "id": 17913, + "la": "degeneres animos timor arguit", + "en": "It is fear that proves souls base-born." + }, + { + "id": 17914, + "la": "heu! quibus ille iactatus fatis! quae bella exhausta canebat! si mihi non animo fixum immotumque sederet, ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare iugali, postquam primus amor deceptam morte fefellit si non pertaesum thalami taedaeque fuisset, huic uni forsan potui succumbere culpae", + "en": "Alas! by what fates is he vexed! What wars, long endured, did he recount! Were the purpose not planted in my mind, fixed and immovable, to ally myself with none in bond of wedlock, since my first love, turning traitor, cheated me by death; were I not tired of the bridal bed and torch, to this one fault, perhaps, I might have yielded!" + }, + { + "id": 17915, + "la": "Anna, fatebor enim, miseri post fata Sychaei coniugis et sparsos fraterna caede Penates solus hic inflexit sensus animumque labantem impulit", + "en": "Anna'for I will own it'since the death of my hapless lord Sychaeus, and the shattering of our home by a brothers murder, he alone has swayed my will and overthrown my tottering soul." + }, + { + "id": 17916, + "la": "agnosco veteris vestigia flammae", + "en": "I feel again a spark of that former flame." + }, + { + "id": 17917, + "la": "sed mihi vel tellus optem prius ima dehiscat vel pater omnipotens adigat me fulmine ad umbras, pallentis umbras Erebo noctemque profundam, ante, Pudor, quam te violo aut tua iura resolvo", + "en": "But rather, I would pray, may earth yawn for me to its depths, or may the Almighty Father hurl me with his bolt to the shades'the pale shades and abysmal night in Erebus'before, Shame, I violate you or break your laws!" + }, + { + "id": 17918, + "la": "ille meos, primus qui me sibi iunxit, amores abstulit; ille habeat secum servetque sepulcro.", + "en": "He who first linked me to himself has taken away my heart; may he keep it with him, and guard it in the grave!" + }, + { + "id": 17919, + "la": "sic effata sinum lacrimis implevit obortis", + "en": "So saying, she filled her breast with upwelling tears." + }, + { + "id": 17920, + "la": "Anna refert: o luce magis dilecta sorori, solane perpetua maerens carpere iuventa, nec dulcis natos Veneris nec praemia noris? id cinerem aut Manis credis curare sepultos? esto; aegram nulli quondam flexere mariti, non Libyae, non ante Tyro; despectus Iarbas ductoresque alii, quos Africa terra triumphis dives alit; placitone etiam pugnabis amori? nec venit in mentem, quorum consederis arvis? hinc Gaetulae urbes, genus insuperabile bello, et Numidae infreni cingunt et inhospita Syrtis; hinc deserta siti regio lateque furentes Barcaei", + "en": "Anna replies: O you who are dearer to your sister than the light, are you, lonely and sad, going to pine away all your youth long, and know not sweet children or loves rewards? Do you think that dust or buried shades give heed to that? Grant that until now no wooers moved your sorrow, not in Libya, nor before then in Tyre; that Iarbas was slighted, and other lords whom the African land, rich in triumphs, rears; will you wrestle also with a love that pleases? And does it not come to your mind whose lands you have settled in? On this side Gaetulian cities, a race invincible in war, unbridled Numidians, and the unfriendly Syrtis hem you in; on that side lies a tract barren with drought, and Barcaeans, raging far and wide." + }, + { + "id": 17921, + "la": "quid bella Tyro surgentia dicam germanique minas", + "en": "Why speak of the wars rising from Tyre, and your brothers threats" + }, + { + "id": 17922, + "la": "dis equidem auspicibus reor et Iunone secunda hunc cursum Iliacas vento tenuisse carinas", + "en": "I certainly believe that it was with the gods favour and Junos aid that the Ilian ships held their course hither with the wind." + }, + { + "id": 17923, + "la": "quam tu urbem, soror, hanc cernes, quae surgere regna coniugio tali! Teucrum comitantibus armis, Punica se quantis attollet gloria rebus! tu modo posce deos veniam, sacrisque litatis indulge hospitio causasque innecte morandi, dum pelago desaevit hiems et aquosus Orion, quassataeque rates, dum non tractabile caelum.", + "en": "What a city you will see rise here, my sister, what a realm, by reason of such a marriage! With Teucrian arms beside us, to what heights will Punic glory soar? Only ask favour of the gods and, with sacrifice duly offered, be lavish with your welcome, and weave pleas for delay, while at sea winter rages fiercely and Orion is stormy'while the ships are shattered, and the skies intractable!" + }, + { + "id": 17924, + "la": "His dictis incensum animum inflammavit amore spemque dedit dubiae menti solvitque pudorem", + "en": "With these words she fanned into flame the queens love-enkindled heart, put hope in her wavering mind, and loosed the bonds of shame." + }, + { + "id": 17925, + "la": "principio delubra adeunt pacemque per aras exquirunt; mactant lectas de more bidentis legiferae Cereri Phoeboque patrique Lyaeo, Iunoni ante omnis, cui vincla iugalia curae; ipsa tenens dextra pateram pulcherrima Dido candentis vaccae media inter cornua fundit aut ante ora deum pinguis spatiatur ad aras, instauratque diem donis, pecudumque reclusis pectoribus inhians spirantia consulit exta", + "en": "First they visit the shrines and sue for peace at every altar; duly they slay chosen sheep to Ceres the law-giver, to Phoebus and father Lyaeus, above all to Juno, guardian of the bonds of marriage. Dido herself, matchless in beauty, with cup in hand, pours libation midway between the horns of a white heifer, or in presence of the gods moves slowly to the rich altars, and day by day renews her gifts, then, gazing into the opened breasts of victims, consults the quivering entrails." + }, + { + "id": 17926, + "la": "heu vatum ignarae mentes! quid vota furentem, quid delubra iuvant? est mollis flamma medullas interea et tacitum vivit sub pectore vulnus", + "en": "Ah, the blind souls of seers! Of what avail are vows or shrines to one wild with love? All the while the flame devours her tender heartstrings, and deep in her breast lives the silent wound." + }, + { + "id": 17927, + "la": "uritur infelix Dido totaque vagatur urbe furens, qualis coniecta cerva sagitta, quam procul incautam nemora inter Cresia fixit pastor agens telis liquitque volatile ferrum nescius; illa fuga silvas saltusque peragrat Dictaeos; haeret lateri letalis harundo", + "en": "Unhappy Dido burns, and through the city wanders in frenzy'even as a hind, smitten by an arrow, which, all unwary, amid the Cretan woods, a shepherd hunting with darts has pierced from afar, leaving in her the winged steel, unknowing: she in flight ranges the Dictaean woods and glades, but fast to her side clings the deadly shaft." + }, + { + "id": 17928, + "la": "nunc media Aenean secum per moenia ducit Sidoniasque ostentat opes urbemque paratam; incipit effari, mediaque in voce resistit; nunc eadem labente die convivia quaerit, Iliacosque iterum demens audire labores exposcit pendetque iterum narrantis ab ore", + "en": "Now through the citys midst she leads Aeneas with her, and displays her Sidonian wealth and the city built; she begins to speak and stops with the word half-spoken. Now, as day wanes, she seeks that same banquet, again in her madness craves to hear the sorrows of Ilium and again hangs on the speakers lips." + }, + { + "id": 17929, + "la": "post ubi digressi, lumenque obscura vicissim luna premit suadentque cadentia sidera somnos, sola domo maeret vacua stratisque relictis incubat", + "en": "Then when all have gone their ways, and in turn the dim moon sinks her light, and the setting stars invite sleep, alone she mourns in the empty hall, and falls on the couch he has left." + }, + { + "id": 17930, + "la": "illum absens absentem auditque videtque, aut gremio Ascanium, genitoris imagine capta, detinet, infandum si fallere possit amorem", + "en": "Though absent, each from each, she hears him, she sees him, or, captivated by his look of his father, she holds Ascanius on her lap, in case she may beguile a passion beyond all utterance." + }, + { + "id": 17931, + "la": "non coeptae adsurgunt turres, non arma iuventus exercet portusve aut propugnacula bello tuta parant; pendent opera interrupta minaeque murorum ingentes aequataque machina caelo", + "en": "No longer rise the towers begun, no longer do the youth exercise in arms, or toil at havens or bulwarks for safety in war; the works are broken off and idle'great menacing walls and cranes that touch the sky." + }, + { + "id": 17932, + "la": "Quam simul ac tali persensit peste teneri cara Iovis coniunx nec famam obstare furori, talibus adgreditur Venerem Saturnia dictis: egregiam vero laudem et spolia ampla refertis tuque puerque tuus; magnum et memorabile numen, una dolo divum si femina victa duorum est", + "en": "Soon as the loved wife of Jove saw that Dido was held in a passion so fatal, and that her good name was now no bar to her frenzy, the daughter of Saturn accosts Venus thus: Splendid indeed is the praise and rich the spoils you win, you and your boy; mighty and glorious is the power divine, if one woman is subdued by the guile of two gods!" + }, + { + "id": 17933, + "la": "nec me adeo fallit veritam te moenia nostra suspectas habuisse domos Karthaginis altae", + "en": "Nay, it escapes me not how, in fear of our city, you have held in suspicion the homes of high Carthage." + }, + { + "id": 17934, + "la": "sed quis erit modus, aut quo nunc certamina tanta? quin potius pacem aeternam pactosque hymenaeos exercemus? habes, tota quod mente petisti: ardet amans Dido traxitque per ossa furorem", + "en": "But what shall be the end? And what is the point of all this contest now? Why do we not rather strive for an enduring peace and a plighted wedlock? What you sought with all your heart you have; Dido is on fire with love and has drawn the madness through her veins." + }, + { + "id": 17935, + "la": "communem hunc ergo populum paribusque regamus auspiciis; liceat Phrygio servire marito dotalisque tuae Tyrios permittere dextrae.", + "en": "Let us then rule this people jointly with equal sovereignty; let her serve a Phrygian husband and yield her Tyrians to your power as dowry!" + }, + { + "id": 17936, + "la": "Olli (sensit enim simulata mente locutam, quo regnum Italiae Libycas averteret oras) sic contra est ingressa Venus: quis talia demens abnuat aut tecum malit contendere bello, si modo, quod memoras, factum fortuna sequatur? sed fatis incerta feror, si Iuppiter unam esse velit Tyriis urbem Troiaque profectis miscerive probet populos aut foedera iungi", + "en": "To her'for she knew that with feigned purpose she had spoken, to turn the empire from Italy to Libyas shores'Venus thus began in reply: Who so mad as to refuse such terms, or prefer to strive against you in war, as long as Fortune favour the fulfilment of your word? But the Fates send me adrift, uncertain whether Jupiter wills that there be one city for the Tyrians and the wanderers from Troy, or approves the blending of peoples and the league of union." + }, + { + "id": 17937, + "la": "tu coniunx; tibi fas animum temptare precando", + "en": "You are his wife; it is lawful for you to try to persuade his heart with entreaty." + }, + { + "id": 17938, + "la": "perge, sequar.", + "en": "Go on; I will follow!" + }, + { + "id": 17939, + "la": "tum sic excepit regia Iuno: mecum erit iste labor", + "en": "Then queenly Juno thus replied: With me shall rest that task." + }, + { + "id": 17940, + "la": "nunc qua ratione quod instat confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo", + "en": "Now in what way the present purpose can be achieved, hearken and I will explain in brief." + }, + { + "id": 17941, + "la": "venatum Aeneas unaque miserrima Dido in nemus ire parant, ubi primos crastinus ortus extulerit Titan radiisque retexerit orbem", + "en": "Aeneas and unhappy Dido plan to go hunting together in the forest, as soon as tomorrows sun shows his rising and with his rays unveils the world." + }, + { + "id": 17942, + "la": "his ego nigrantem commixta grandine nimbum, dum trepidant alae saltusque indagine cingunt, desuper infundam et tonitru caelum omne ciebo", + "en": "On them, while the hunters run to and fro and gird the glades with nets, I will pour down from above a black rain mingled with hail, and wake the whole welkin with thunder." + }, + { + "id": 17943, + "la": "diffugient comites et nocte tegentur opaca; speluncam Dido dux et Troianus eandem devenient", + "en": "The company shall scatter and be veiled in gloom of night; to the same cave shall come Dido and the Trojan chief." + }, + { + "id": 17944, + "la": "adero et, tua si mihi certa voluntas, conubio iungam stabili propriamque dicabo; hic hymenaeus erit.", + "en": "I will be there and, if I can be sure of your good will, will link them in sure wedlock, sealing her for his own; this shall be their bridal!" + }, + { + "id": 17945, + "la": "non adversata petenti adnuit atque dolis risit Cytherea repertis", + "en": "Yielding to her suit, the Cytherean gave assent and smiled at the guile discovered." + }, + { + "id": 17946, + "la": "Oceanum interea surgens Aurora reliquit", + "en": "Meanwhile Dawn rose and left the ocean." + }, + { + "id": 17947, + "la": "it portis iubare exorto delecta iuventus; retia rara, plagae, lato venabula ferro, Massylique ruunt equites et odora canum vis", + "en": "When sunlight has burst forth, there issues from the gates a chosen band of youth; with meshed nets, toils, broad-pointed hunting spears, there stream forth Massylian horsemen and their strong, keen-scented hounds." + }, + { + "id": 17948, + "la": "reginam thalamo cunctantem ad limina primi Poenorum exspectant, ostroque insignis et auro stat sonipes ac frena ferox spumantia mandit", + "en": "As the queen lingers in her bower, the Punic princes await her at the doorway; her prancing steed stands brilliant in purple and gold, and proudly champs the foaming bit." + }, + { + "id": 17949, + "la": "tandem progreditur magna stipante caterva, Sidoniam picto chlamydem circumdata limbo", + "en": "At last she comes forth, attended by a mighty throng, and clad in a Sidonian robe with embroidered border." + }, + { + "id": 17950, + "la": "cui pharetra ex auro, crines nodantur in aurum, aurea purpuream subnectit fibula vestem", + "en": "Her quiver is of gold, her tresses are knotted into gold, a buckle of gold clasps her purple cloak." + }, + { + "id": 17951, + "la": "nec non et Phrygii comites et laetus Iulus incedunt;", + "en": "With her pace a Phrygian train and joyous Iulus." + }, + { + "id": 17952, + "la": "ipse ante alios pulcherrimus omnis infert se socium Aeneas atque agmina iungit", + "en": "Aeneas himself, goodly beyond all others, advances to join her and unites his band with hers." + }, + { + "id": 17953, + "la": "qualis ubi hibernam Lyciam Xanthique fluenta deserit ac Delum maternam invisit Apollo instauratque choros, mixtique altaria circum Cretesque Dryopesque fremunt pictique Agathyrsi; ipse iugis Cynthi graditur mollique fluentem fronde premit crinem fingens atque implicat auro, tela sonant umeris: haud illo segnior ibat Aeneas, tantum egregio decus enitet ore", + "en": "As when Apollo quits Lycia, his winter home, and the streams of Xanthus, to visit his mothers Delos, and renews the dance, while mingling about his altars Cretans and Dryopes and painted Agathyrsians raise their voices'he himself treads the Cynthian ridges, and with soft foliage shapes and binds his flowing locks, braiding it with golden diadem; the shafts rattle on his shoulders: so no less lightly than he went Aeneas, such beauty shines forth from his noble face!" + }, + { + "id": 17954, + "la": "postquam altos ventum in montis atque invia lustra, ecce ferae saxi deiectae vertice caprae decurrere iugis; alia de parte patentis transmittunt cursu campos atque agmina cervi pulverulenta fuga glomerant montisque relinquunt", + "en": "When they came to the mountain heights and pathless lairs, wild goats dislodged from the rocky peaks ran down the ridges; in another part stags scurry across the open moors and amid clouds of dust mass their bands in flight, as they leave the hills behind." + }, + { + "id": 17955, + "la": "at puer Ascanius mediis in vallibus acri gaudet equo, iamque hos cursu, iam praeterit illos, spumantemque dari pecora inter inertia votis optat aprum aut fulvum descendere monte leonem", + "en": "But in the midst of the valleys the young Ascanius glories in his fiery steed, galloping past now these, now those, and prays that amid the timorous herds a foaming boar maybe granted to his vows or a tawny lion come down from the mountain." + }, + { + "id": 17956, + "la": "Interea magno misceri murmure caelum incipit; insequitur commixta grandine nimbus, et Tyrii comites passim et Troiana iuventus Dardaniusque nepos Veneris diversa per agros tecta metu petiere; ruunt de montibus amnes", + "en": "Meanwhile in the sky begins the turmoil of a wild uproar; rain follows, mingled with hail. The scattered Tyrian train and the Trojan youth, with the Dardan grandson of Venus, in their fear seek shelter here and there over the fields; torrents rush down from the heights." + }, + { + "id": 17957, + "la": "speluncam Dido dux et Troianus eandem deveniunt", + "en": "To the same cave come Dido and the Trojan chief." + }, + { + "id": 17958, + "la": "prima et Tellus et pronuba Iuno dant signum; fulsere ignes et conscius Aether conubiis, summoque ulularunt vertice Nymphae", + "en": "Primal Earth and nuptial Juno give the sign; fires flashed in Heaven, the witness to their bridal, and on the mountaintop screamed the Nymphs." + }, + { + "id": 17959, + "la": "ille dies primus leti primusque malorum causa fuit", + "en": "That day the first of death, the first of calamity was cause." + }, + { + "id": 17960, + "la": "neque enim specie famave movetur nec iam furtivum Dido meditatur amorem; coniugium vocat; hoc praetexit nomine culpam", + "en": "For no more is Dido swayed by fair show or fair fame, no more does she dream of a secret love: she calls it marriage and with that name veils her sin." + }, + { + "id": 17961, + "la": "Extemplo Libyae magnas it Fama per urbes, Fama, malum qua non aliud velocius ullum", + "en": "At once Rumour runs through Libyas great cities'Rumour the swiftest of all evils." + }, + { + "id": 17962, + "la": "mobilitate viget viresque adquirit eundo; parva metu primo, mox sese attollit in auras ingrediturque solo et caput inter nubila condit", + "en": "Speed lends her strength, and she wins vigour as she goes; small at first through fear, soon she mounts up to heaven, and walks the ground with head hidden in the clouds." + }, + { + "id": 17963, + "la": "illam Terra parens, ira inritata deorum, extremam, ut perhibent, Coeo Enceladoque sororem progenuit, pedibus celerem et pernicibus alis, monstrum horrendum, ingens, cui, quot sunt corpore plumae, tot vigiles oculi subter (mirabile dictu), tot linguae, totidem ora sonant, tot subrigit auris", + "en": "Mother Earth, provoked to anger against the gods, brought her forth last, they say, as sister to Coeus and Enceladus, swift of foot and fleet of wing, a monster awful and huge, who for the many feathers in her body has as many watchful eyes beneath'wondrous to tell'as many tongues, as many sounding mouths, as many pricked-up ears." + }, + { + "id": 17964, + "la": "nocte volat caeli medio terraeque per umbram, stridens, nec dulci declinat lumina somno; luce sedet custos aut summi culmine tecti, turribus aut altis, et magnas territat urbes, tam ficti pravique tenax quam nuntia veri", + "en": "By night, midway between heaven and earth, she flies through the gloom, screeching, and droops not her eyes in sweet sleep; by day she sits on guard on high rooftop or lofty turrets, and affrights great cities, clinging to the false and wrong, yet heralding truth." + }, + { + "id": 17965, + "la": "haec tum multiplici populos sermone replebat gaudens, et pariter facta atque infecta canebat: venisse Aenean, Troiano sanguine cretum, cui se pulchra viro dignetur iungere Dido; nunc hiemem inter se luxu, quam longa, fovere regnorum immemores turpique cupidine captos", + "en": "Now exulting in manifold gossip, she filled the nations and sang alike of fact and falsehood, how Aeneas is come, one born of Trojan blood, to whom in marriage fair Dido deigns to join herself; now they while away the winter, all its length, in wanton ease together, heedless of their realms and enthralled by shameless passion." + }, + { + "id": 17966, + "la": "haec passim dea foeda virum diffundit in ora", + "en": "These tales the foul goddess spreads here and there upon the lips of men." + }, + { + "id": 17967, + "la": "protinus ad regem cursus detorquet Iarban incenditque animum dictis atque aggerat iras", + "en": "Straightway to King Iarbas she bends her course, and with her words fires his spirit and heaps high his wrath." + }, + { + "id": 17968, + "la": "Hic Hammone satus, rapta Garamantide Nympha, templa Iovi centum latis immania regnis, centum aras posuit vigilemque sacraverat ignem, excubias divum aeternas; pecudumque cruore pingue solum et variis florentia limina sertis", + "en": "He, the son of Hammon by a ravished Garamantian Nymph, set up to Jupiter in his broad realms a hundred vast temples, a hundred altars, and had hallowed the wakeful fire, the eternal sentry of the gods. The ground was fat with the blood of beasts and the portals bloomed with varied garlands." + }, + { + "id": 17969, + "la": "isque amens animi et rumore accensus amaro dicitur ante aras media inter numina divum multa Iovem manibus supplex orasse supinis:", + "en": "Distraught in mind and fired with the bitter tale, they say, before the altars and amid the divine presences he often besought Jove in prayer with upturned hands:" + }, + { + "id": 17970, + "la": "Iuppiter omnipotens, cui nunc Maurusia pictis gens epulata toris Lenaeum libat honorem, aspicis haec? an te, genitor, cum fulmina torques, nequiquam horremus, caecique in nubibus ignes terrificant animos et inania murmura miscent? femina, quae nostris errans in finibus urbem exiguam pretio posuit, cui litus arandum cuique loci leges dedimus, conubia nostra reppulit ac dominum Aenean in regna recepit", + "en": "Almighty Jupiter, to whom now the Moorish race, feasting on embroidered couches, pour a Lenaean offering, do you see these things? Is it vainly, father, that we shudder at you, when you hurl your thunderbolts? And do aimless fires amid the clouds terrify our souls and stir murmurs void of purpose? This woman who, straying in our bounds, set up a tiny city at a price, to whom we gave coastland to plough and terms of tenure, has spurned my offers of marriage, and welcomed Aeneas into her realm as lord." + }, + { + "id": 17971, + "la": "et nunc ille Paris cum semiviro comitatu, Maeonia mentum mitra crinemque madentem subnexus, rapto potitur: nos munera templis quippe tuis ferimus famamque fovemus inanem.", + "en": "And now that Paris with his eunuch train, his chin and perfumed locks bound with a Lydian turban, 2 grasps the spoil; while we bring offerings to your temples, yours forsooth, and cherish an idle story." + }, + { + "id": 17972, + "la": "Talibus orantem dictis arasque tenentem audiit Omnipotens, oculosque ad moenia torsit regia et oblitos famae melioris amantis", + "en": "As with such words he pleaded, clasping the altars, the Almighty gave ear and turned his eyes on the royal city and the lovers forgetful of their nobler fame." + }, + { + "id": 17973, + "la": "tum sic Mercurium adloquitur ac talia mandat: vade age, nate, voca Zephyros et labere pinnis Dardaniumque ducem, Tyrias Karthagine qui nunc exspectat fatisque datas non respicit urbes, adloquere et celeris defer mea dicta per auras", + "en": "Then thus to Mercury he speaks and gives this charge: Go forth, my son, call the Zephyrs, glide on thy wings, and speak to the Dardan chief, who now at Carthage is looking forward to Tyrian cities, unmindful of those granted him by the Fates; so carry down my words through the swift winds." + }, + { + "id": 17974, + "la": "non illum nobis genetrix pulcherrima talem promisit Graiumque ideo bis vindicat armis; sed fore, qui gravidam imperiis belloque frementem Italiam regeret, genus alto a sanguine Teucri proderet, ac totum sub leges mitteret orbem", + "en": "Not such as this did his lovely mother promise him to us, nor for this twice rescue him from Grecian arms; but he it was who should rule Italy, a land teeming with empire and clamorous with war, hand on a race from Teucers noble blood, and bring all the world beneath his laws." + }, + { + "id": 17975, + "la": "si nulla accendit tantarum gloria rerum nec super ipse sua molitur laude laborem, Ascanione pater Romanas invidet arces?", + "en": "If the glory of such a fortune fires him not and for his own fames sake he shoulders not the burden, does he, the father, grudge Ascanius the towers of Rome?" + }, + { + "id": 17976, + "la": "quid struit? aut qua spe inimica in gente moratur nec prolem Ausoniam et Lavinia respicit arva? naviget: haec summa est, hic nostri nuntius esto. Dixerat", + "en": "What is his plan? In what hope does he tarry among a hostile people and pays no heed to Ausonias race and the Lavinian fields? Let him set sail; this is the sum; be this the message from me. He ceased." + }, + { + "id": 17977, + "la": "ille patris magni parere parabat imperio, et primum pedibus talaria nectit aurea, quae sublimem alis sive aequora supra seu terram rapido pariter cum flamine portant", + "en": "The god made ready to obey his mighty fathers bidding, and first binds on his feet the golden shoes which carry him upborne on wings over seas or land, swift as the gale." + }, + { + "id": 17978, + "la": "tum virgam capit; hac animas ille evocat Orco pallentis, alias sub Tartara tristia mittit, dat somnos adimitque et lumina morte resignat", + "en": "Then he takes his wand; with this he calls pale ghosts from Orcus and sends others down to gloomy Tartarus, gives or takes away sleep and unseals eyes in death;" + }, + { + "id": 17979, + "la": "illa fretus agit ventos et turbida tranat nubila", + "en": "relying on this, he drives the winds and skims the stormy clouds." + }, + { + "id": 17980, + "la": "iamque volans apicem et latera ardua cernit Atlantis duri, caelum qui vertice fulcit, Atlantis, cinctum adsidue cui nubibus atris piniferum caput et vento pulsatur et imbri; nix umeros infusa tegit; tum flumina mento praecipitant senis, et glacie riget horrida barba", + "en": "And now in flight he descries the peak and steep sides of toiling Atlas, who props heaven on his peak'Atlas, whose pine-wreathed head is ever girt with black clouds, and beaten with wind and rain; fallen snow mantles his shoulders while rivers plunge down the aged chin and his rough beard is stiff with ice." + }, + { + "id": 17981, + "la": "hic primum paribus nitens Cyllenius alis constitit; hinc toto praeceps se corpore ad undas misit avi similis, quae circum litora, circum piscosos scopulos humilis volat aequora iuxta", + "en": "Here, poised on even wings, the Cyllenian first halted; hence with his whole frame he sped sheer down to the waves like a bird, which round the shores, round the fish-haunted cliffs, flies low near to the waters." + }, + { + "id": 17982, + "la": "haud aliter terras inter caelumque volabat litus harenosum ad Libyae, ventosque secabat materno veniens ab avo Cyllenia proles", + "en": "Even thus between earth and sky flew Cyllenes nursling to Libyas sandy shore, and cut the winds, coming from his mothers sire." + }, + { + "id": 17983, + "la": "Ut primum alatis tetigit magalia plantis, Aenean fundantem arces ac tecta novantem conspicit", + "en": "So soon as with winged feet he reached the huts, he sees Aeneas founding towers and building new houses." + }, + { + "id": 17984, + "la": "atque illi stellatus iaspide fulva ensis erat, Tyrioque ardebat murice laena demissa ex umeris, dives quae munera Dido fecerat, et tenui telas discreverat auro", + "en": "And his sword was starred with yellow jasper, and a cloak hung from his shoulders ablaze with Tyrian purple'a gift that wealthy Dido had wrought, interweaving the web with thread of gold." + }, + { + "id": 17985, + "la": "continuo invadit: tu nunc Karthaginis altae fundamenta locas pulchramque uxorius urbem exstruis? heu! regni rerumque oblite tuarum! ipse deum tibi me claro demittit Olympo regnator, caelum et terras qui numine torquet; ipse haec ferre iubet celeris mandata per auras", + "en": "At once he assails him: Are you now laying the foundations of lofty Carthage, and building up a fair city, and all for a womans whim? Alas! With never a thought of your own realm and fate! The ruler of the gods himself, who sways heaven and earth with his power, sends me down to you from bright Olympus. He himself bids me bring this charge through the swift breezes:" + }, + { + "id": 17986, + "la": "quid struis? aut qua spe Libycis teris otia terris? si te nulla movet tantarum gloria rerum, nec super ipse tua moliris laude laborem, Ascanium surgentem et spes heredis Iuli respice, cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus debentur.", + "en": "What are you planning? In what hope do you waste idle hours in Libyan lands? If the glory of such a fortune does not stir you, and for your own fames sake you do not shoulder the burden, have regard for growing Ascanius, the promise of Iulus your heir, to whom the kingdom of Italy and the Roman land are due." + }, + { + "id": 17987, + "la": "tali Cyllenius ore locutus mortalis visus medio sermone reliquit et procul in tenuem ex oculis evanuit auram", + "en": "Such words the Cyllenian spoke, and while yet speaking left the sight of men and far away from their eyes vanished into thin air." + }, + { + "id": 17988, + "la": "At vero Aeneas aspectu obmutuit amens, arrectaeque horrore comae et vox faucibus haesit", + "en": "But in truth Aeneas, aghast at the sight, was struck dumb; his hair stood up in terror and the voice choked in his throat." + }, + { + "id": 17989, + "la": "ardet abire fuga dulcisque relinquere terras, attonitus tanto monitu imperioque deorum", + "en": "He burns to flee away and quit that pleasant land, awed by that warning and divine commandment." + }, + { + "id": 17990, + "la": "heu! quid agat? quo nunc reginam ambire furentem audeat adfatu? quae prima exordia sumat? utque animum nunc huc celerem, nunc dividit illuc in partisque rapit varias perque omnia versat, haec alternanti potior sententia visa est: Mnesthea Sergestumque vocat fortemque Serestum, classem aptent taciti sociosque ad litora cogant, arma parent et, quae rebus sit causa novandis, dissimulent; sese interea, quando optima Dido nesciat et tantos rumpi non speret amores, temptaturum aditus et, quae mollissima fandi tempora, quis rebus dexter modus", + "en": "Ah, what to do? With what speech now dare he approach the frenzied queen? What opening words choose first? And as he casts his swift mind this way and that, takes it in different directions and considers every possibility, this, as he wavered, seemed the better counsel; he calls Mnestheus and Sergestus, bidding them make ready the fleet in silence, gather the crews to the shore, and order the armament, but hide the cause of his altered plans. He meanwhile, since gracious Dido knows nothing, nor expects the breaking of so strong a love, will essay an approach and seek the happiest season for speech, the plan auspicious for his purpose." + }, + { + "id": 17991, + "la": "ocius omnes imperio laeti parent et iussa facessunt", + "en": "At once all gladly obey his command and do his bidding." + }, + { + "id": 17992, + "la": "At regina dolos (quis fallere possit amantem?) praesensit motusque excepit prima futuros, omnia tuta timens", + "en": "But the queen'who may deceive a lover?'divined his guile, and early caught news of the coming stir, fearful even when all was safe." + }, + { + "id": 17993, + "la": "eadem impia Fama furenti detulit armari classem cursumque parari", + "en": "The same heartless Rumour brought her the maddening news that they are arming the fleet and making ready for sailing." + }, + { + "id": 17994, + "la": "saevit inops animi totamque incensa per urbem bacchatur, qualis commotis excita sacris Thyias, ubi audito stimulant trieterica Baccho orgia nocturnusque vocat clamore Cithaeron", + "en": "Helpless in mind she rages, and all aflame raves through the city, like some Thyiad startled by the shaken emblems, when she has heard the Bacchic cry: the biennial revels fire her and at night Cithaeron summons her with its din." + }, + { + "id": 17995, + "la": "tandem his Aenean compellat vocibus ultro: Dissimulare etiam sperasti, perfide, tantum posse nefas tacitusque mea decedere terra? nec te noster amor nec te data dextera quondam nec moritura tenet crudeli funere Dido? quin etiam hiberno moliri sidere classem et mediis properas Aquilonibus ire per altum, crudelis? quid? si non arva aliena domosque ignotas peteres, et Troia antiqua maneret, Troia per undosum peteretur classibus aequor? mene fugis? per ego has lacrimas dextramque tuam te (quando aliud mihi iam miserae nihil ipsa reliqui), per conubia nostra, per inceptos hymenaeos, si bene quid de te merui, fuit aut tibi quicquam dulce meum, miserere domus labentis et istam, oro, si quis adhuc precibus locus, exue mentem", + "en": "At length she thus accosts Aeneas first: False one! Did you really hope to cloak so foul a crime, and to steal from my land in silence? Does neither our love restrain you, nor the pledge once given, nor the doom of a cruel death for Dido? Even in the winter season do you actually hasten to labour at your fleet, and to journey over the sea in the midst of northern gales, heartless one? What! If you were not in quest of alien lands and homes unknown, were ancient Troy yet standing, would Troy be sought by your ships over stormy seas? Is it from me you are fleeing? By these tears and your right hand, I pray you'since nothing else, alas, have I left myself'by the marriage that is ours, by the nuptial rites begun, if ever I deserved well of you, or if anything of mine has been sweet in your sight, pity a falling house, and if yet there be any room for prayers, put away, I pray, this purpose." + }, + { + "id": 17996, + "la": "te propter Libycae gentes Nomadumque tyranni odere, infensi Tyrii; te propter eundem exstinctus pudor et, qua sola sidera adibam, fama prior", + "en": "Because of you the Libyan tribes and Numidian chiefs hate me, the Tyrians are my foes; because of you I have also lost my honour and that former fame by which alone I was winning a title to the stars." + }, + { + "id": 17997, + "la": "cui me moribundam deseris, hospes, hoc solum nomen quoniam de coniuge restat? quid moror? an mea Pygmalion dum moenia frater destruat aut captam ducat Gaetulus Iarbas? saltem si qua mihi de te suscepta fuisset ante fugam suboles, si quis mihi parvulus aula luderet Aeneas, qui te tamen ore referret, non equidem omnino capta ac deserta viderer. Dixerat", + "en": "To whose mercy do you leave me on the point of death, guest'since that alone is left from the name of husband? Why do I linger? Is it till Pygmalion, my brother, overthrow this city, or the Gaetulian Iarbas lead me captive? At least, if before your flight a child of yours had been born to me, if in my hall a baby Aeneas were playing, whose face, in spite of all, would bring back yours, I should not think myself utterly vanquished and forlorn. She ceased:" + }, + { + "id": 17998, + "la": "ille Iovis monitis immota tenebat lumina et obnixus curam sub corde premebat", + "en": "he by Joves command held his eyes steadfast and with a struggle smothered the pain deep within his heart." + }, + { + "id": 17999, + "la": "tandem pauca refert: ego te, quae plurima fando enumerare vales, numquam, regina, negabo promeritam, nec me meminisse pigebit Elissae, dum memor ipse mei, dum spiritus hos regit artus", + "en": "At last he briefly replies: I will never deny, Queen, that you have deserved of me the utmost you can set forth in speech, nor shall my memory of Elissa be bitter, while I have memory of myself, and while breath governs these limbs." + }, + { + "id": 18000, + "la": "pro re pauca loquar", + "en": "For my conduct few words will I say." + }, + { + "id": 18001, + "la": "neque ego hanc abscondere furto speravi (ne finge) fugam, nec coniugis umquam praetendi taedas aut haec in foedera veni", + "en": "I did not hope'think not that'to veil my flight in stealth. I never held out a bridegrooms torch or entered such a compact." + }, + { + "id": 18002, + "la": "me si fata meis paterentur ducere vitam auspiciis et sponte mea componere curas, urbem Troianam primum dulcisque meorum reliquias colerem, Priami tecta alta manerent, et recidiva manu posuissem Pergama victis", + "en": "Had destiny permitted me to shape my life after my own pleasure and order my sorrows at my own will, my first care would be the city of Troy and the sweet relics of my king. Priams high house would still abide and my own hand would have set up a revived Pergamus for the vanquished." + }, + { + "id": 18003, + "la": "sed nunc Italiam magnam Gryneus Apollo, Italiam Lyciae iussere capessere sortes; hic amor, haec patria est", + "en": "But now of great Italy has Grynean Apollo bidden me lay hold, of Italy the Lycian oracles. There is my love, there my country!" + }, + { + "id": 18004, + "la": "si te Karthaginis arces Phoenissam Libycaeque aspectus detinet urbis, quae tandem Ausonia Teucros considere terra invidia est? et nos fas extera quaerere regna", + "en": "If the towers of Carthage and the sight of Libyan city charm you, a Phoenician, why, pray, grudge the Trojans their settling on Ausonian land? We, too, have the right to seek a foreign realm." + }, + { + "id": 18005, + "la": "me patris Anchisae, quotiens umentibus umbris nox operit terras, quotiens astra ignea surgunt, admonet in somnis et turbida terret imago; me puer Ascanius capitisque iniuria cari, quem regno Hesperiae fraudo et fatalibus arvis", + "en": "Each time the night with dewy shades veils the earth, each time the starry fires arise, in my dreams my father Anchises troubled ghost brings me warning and terror; the thought of young Ascanius comes to me and the wrong done to one so dear, whom I am cheating of a Hesperian kingdom and predestined lands." + }, + { + "id": 18006, + "la": "nunc etiam interpres divum, Iove missus ab ipso (testor utrumque caput), celeris mandata per auras detulit; ipse deum manifesto in lumine vidi intrantem muros vocemque his auribus hausi", + "en": "Now, too, the messenger of the gods sent from Jove himself'I swear by both our lives'has borne his command down through the swift breezes; my own eyes saw the god in the clear light of day come within our walls and these ears drank in his words." + }, + { + "id": 18007, + "la": "desine meque tuis incendere teque querelis", + "en": "Cease to inflame yourself and me with your complaints." + }, + { + "id": 18008, + "la": "Italiam non sponte sequor.", + "en": "It is not by my wish that I make for Italy" + }, + { + "id": 18009, + "la": "Talia dicentem iamdudum aversa tuetur, huc illuc volvens oculos, totumque pererrat luminibus tacitis et sic accensa profatur: nec tibi diva parens, generis nec Dardanus auctor, perfide, sed duris genuit te cautibus horrens Caucasus, Hyrcanaeque admorunt ubera tigres", + "en": "As thus he spoke, all the while she gazes on him askance, turning her eyes to and fro, and with silent glances scans the whole man; then thus, inflamed, cries out: False one, no goddess was your mother, nor was Dardanus founder of your line, but rugged Caucasus on his flinty rocks begot you, and Hyrcanian tigresses suckled you." + }, + { + "id": 18010, + "la": "nam quid dissimulo aut quae me ad maiora reservo? num fletu ingemuit nostro? num lumina flexit? num lacrimas victus dedit aut miseratus amantem est? quae quibus anteferam? iam iam nec maxima Iuno nec Saturnius haec oculis pater aspicit aequis", + "en": "For why hide my feelings? For what greater wrongs do I hold myself back? Did he sigh while I wept? Did he turn on me a glance? Did he yield and shed tears or pity her who loved him? What shall I say first? What next? Now, neither mighty Juno nor the Saturnian sire looks on these things with righteous eyes!" + }, + { + "id": 18011, + "la": "nusquam tuta fides", + "en": "Nowhere is faith secure." + }, + { + "id": 18012, + "la": "eiectum litore, egentem excepi et regni demens in parte locavi; amissam classem, socios a morte reduxi", + "en": "I welcomed him, a castaway on the shore, a beggar, and madly gave him a share in my throne; his lost fleet I rescued, his crews I saved from death." + }, + { + "id": 18013, + "la": "heu! furiis incensa feror: nunc augur Apollo, nunc Lyciae sortes, nunc et Iove missus ab ipso interpres divum fert horrida iussa per auras", + "en": "Alas! I am whirled on the fires of frenzy. Now prophetic Apollo, now the Lycian oracles, now the messenger of the gods sent from Jove himself, brings through the air this dread command." + }, + { + "id": 18014, + "la": "scilicet is superis labor est, ea cura quietos sollicitat", + "en": "Truly, this is work for gods, this is care to vex their peace!" + }, + { + "id": 18015, + "la": "neque te teneo neque dicta refello", + "en": "I detain you not; I dispute not your words." + }, + { + "id": 18016, + "la": "i, sequere Italiam ventis, pete regna per undas", + "en": "Go, make for Italy with the winds; seek your kingdom over the waves." + }, + { + "id": 18017, + "la": "spero equidem mediis, si quid pia numina possunt, supplicia hausurum scopulis et nomine Dido saepe vocaturum", + "en": "Yet I trust, if the righteous gods have any power, that on the rocks midway you will drain the cup of vengeance and often call on Didos name." + }, + { + "id": 18018, + "la": "sequar atris ignibus absens et, cum frigida mors anima seduxerit artus, omnibus umbra locis adero", + "en": "Though far away, I will chase you with murky brands and, when chill death has severed soul and body, everywhere my shade shall haunt you." + }, + { + "id": 18019, + "la": "dabis, improbe, poenas", + "en": "Relentless one, you will repay!" + }, + { + "id": 18020, + "la": "audiam et haec Manis veniet mihi fama sub imos.", + "en": "I shall hear, and the tale will reach me in the depths of the world below!" + }, + { + "id": 18021, + "la": "his medium dictis sermonem abrumpit et auras aegra fugit seque ex oculis avertit et aufert, linquens multa metu cunctantem et multa parantem dicere", + "en": "So saying, she breaks off her speech midway and flees in anguish from the light, turning away, tearing herself from his sight, and leaving him in fear and much hesitance, and ready to say much." + }, + { + "id": 18022, + "la": "suscipiunt famulae conlapsaque membra marmoreo referunt thalamo stratisque reponunt", + "en": "Her maids support her, carry her swooning form to her marble bower, and lay her on her bed." + }, + { + "id": 18023, + "la": "At pius Aeneas, quamquam lenire dolentem solando cupit et dictis avertere curas, multa gemens magnoque animum labefactus amore, iussa tamen divum exsequitur classemque revisit", + "en": "But loyal Aeneas, though longing to soothe and assuage her grief and by his words turn aside her sorrow, with many a sigh, his soul shaken by his mighty love, yet fulfils Heavens bidding and returns to the fleet." + }, + { + "id": 18024, + "la": "tum vero Teucri incumbunt et litore celsas deducunt toto navis", + "en": "Then, indeed, the Teucrians fall to and all along the shore launch their tall ships." + }, + { + "id": 18025, + "la": "natat uncta carina, frondentisque ferunt remos et robora silvis infabricata fugae studio", + "en": "The keels, well-pitched, are set afloat; the sailors, eager for flight, bring from the woods leafy boughs for oars and logs unhewn" + }, + { + "id": 18026, + "la": "migrantis cernas totaque ex urbe ruentis", + "en": "One could see them moving away and streaming forth from all the city." + }, + { + "id": 18027, + "la": "ac velut ingentem formicae farris acervum cum populant hiemis memores tectoque reponunt; it nigrum campis agmen, praedamque per herbas convectant calle angusto; pars grandia trudunt obnixae frumenta umeris, pars agmina cogunt castigantque moras; opere omnis semita fervet", + "en": "Even as when ants, mindful of winter, plunder a huge heap of corn and store it in their home; over the plain moves a black column, and through the grass they carry the spoil on a narrow track; some strain with their shoulders and heave on the huge grains, some close up the ranks and rebuke delay; all the path is aglow with work." + }, + { + "id": 18028, + "la": "quis tibi tum, Dido, cernenti talia sensus, quosve dabas gemitus, cum litora fervere late prospiceres arce ex summa, totumque videres misceri ante oculos tantis clamoribus aequor! improbe Amor, quid non mortalia pectora cogis! ire iterum in lacrimas, iterum temptare precando cogitur et supplex animos summittere amori, ne quid inexpertum frustra moritura relinquat", + "en": "What feelings then were yours, Dido, at such a sight! or what sighs did you utter, viewing from the top of the fortress the beach aglow far and near, and seeing before your eyes the whole sea astir with loud cries! O relentless Love, to what do you not drive the hearts of men. Once more she must needs break into tears, once more assail him with prayer, and humbly bow down her pride to love, lest she leave anything untried and go to death in vain." + }, + { + "id": 18029, + "la": "Anna, vides toto properari litore circum; undique convenere; vocat iam carbasus auras, puppibus et laeti nautae imposuere coronas", + "en": "Anna, you see the bustle all along the shore; from all sides they have gathered; already the canvas invites the breeze, and the joyous sailors have crowned the sterns with garlands." + }, + { + "id": 18030, + "la": "hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem, et perferre, soror, potero", + "en": "If I have had strength to foresee this great sorrow, I shall also, sister, have strength to endure it." + }, + { + "id": 18031, + "la": "miserae hoc tamen unum exsequere, Anna, mihi: solam nam perfidus ille te colere, arcanos etiam tibi credere sensus; sola viri mollis aditus et tempora noris", + "en": "Yet this one service, Anna, do for me'for you alone that traitor made his friend, to you he confided even his secret thoughts, you alone will know the hour for easy access to him'" + }, + { + "id": 18032, + "la": "i, soror, atque hostem supplex adfare superbum", + "en": "go, sister, and humbly address our haughty foe." + }, + { + "id": 18033, + "la": "non ego cum Danais Troianam exscindere gentem Aulide iuravi classemve ad Pergama misi, nec patris Anchisae cineres Manisve revelli; cur mea dicta negat duras demittere in auris? quo ruit? extremum hoc miserae det munus amanti: exspectet facilemque fugam ventosque ferentis", + "en": "I never conspired with the Danaans at Aulis to root out the Trojan race; I never sent a fleet to Pergamus, nor tore up the ashes and disturbed the spirit of his father Anchises. Why does he refuse to admit my words to his stubborn ears? Whither does he hasten? This, the last boon, let him grant his poor lover: let him await an easy flight and favouring winds." + }, + { + "id": 18034, + "la": "non iam coniugium antiquum, quod prodidit, oro, nec pulchro ut Latio careat regnumque relinquat: tempus inane peto, requiem spatiumque furori, dum mea me victam doceat fortuna dolere", + "en": "No more do I plead for the old marriage tie which he forswore, nor that he give up fair Latium and resign his realm: for empty time I ask, for peace and reprieve for my frenzy, till fortune teach my vanquished soul to grieve." + }, + { + "id": 18035, + "la": "extremam hanc oro veniam (miserere sororis); quam mihi cum dederit, cumulatam morte remittam.", + "en": "This last grace I crave'pity your sister'which, when he has granted it, I will repay with full interest in my death." + }, + { + "id": 18036, + "la": "Talibus orabat, talisque miserrima fletus fertque refertque soror", + "en": "Such was her prayer and such the tearful pleas the unhappy sister bears again and again." + }, + { + "id": 18037, + "la": "sed nullis ille movetur fletibus, aut voces ullas tractabilis audit; fata obstant, placidasque viri deus obstruit auris", + "en": "But by no tearful pleas is he moved, nor in yielding mood does he pay heed to any words. Fate withstands and heaven seals his kindly, mortal ears." + }, + { + "id": 18038, + "la": "ac velut annoso validam cum robore quercum Alpini Boreae nunc hinc nunc flatibus illinc eruere inter se certant; it stridor, et altae consternunt terram concusso stipite frondes; ipsa haeret scopulis et quantum vertice ad auras aetherias, tantum radice in Tartara tendit: haud secus adsiduis hinc atque hinc vocibus heros tunditur, et magno persentit pectore curas; mens immota manet, lacrimae volvuntur inanes", + "en": "Even as when northern Alpine winds, blowing now hence, now thence, emulously strive to uproot an oak strong with the strength of years, there comes a roar, the trunk quivers and the high leafage thickly strews the ground, but the oak clings to the crag, and as far as it lifts its top to the airs of heaven, so far it strikes its roots down towards hell'even so with ceaseless appeals, from this side and from that, the hero is buffeted, and in his mighty heart feels agony: his mind stands steadfast; his tears fall without effect." + }, + { + "id": 18039, + "la": "Tum vero infelix fatis exterrita Dido mortem orat; taedet caeli convexa tueri", + "en": "Then, indeed, awed by her doom, luckless Dido prays for death; she is weary of gazing on the arch of heaven." + }, + { + "id": 18040, + "la": "quo magis inceptum peragat lucemque relinquat, vidit, turicremis cum dona imponeret aris, (horrendum dictu) latices nigrescere sacros fusaque in obscenum se vertere vina cruorem; hoc visum nulli, non ipsi effata sorori", + "en": "And to make her more surely fulfil her purpose and leave the light, she saw, as she laid her gifts on the altars ablaze with incense'fearful to tell'the holy water darken and the outpoured wine change into loathsome gore. Of this sight she spoke to no one'not even her sister." + }, + { + "id": 18041, + "la": "praeterea fuit in tectis de marmore templum coniugis antiqui, miro quod honore colebat, velleribus niveis et festa fronde revinctum: hinc exaudiri voces et verba vocantis visa viri, nox cum terras obscura teneret, solaque culminibus ferali carmine bubo saepe queri et longas in fletum ducere voces; multaque praeterea vatum praedicta priorum terribili monitu horrificant", + "en": "Moreover, there was in the palace a marble chapel to her former lord, which she cherished in wondrous honour, wreathing it with snowy fleeces and festal foliage. Thence she heard, it seemed, sounds and speech as of her husband calling, whenever darkling night held the world; and alone on the housetops with ill-boding song the owl would oft complain, drawing out its lingering notes into a wail; and likewise many a saying of the seers of old terrifies her with fearful boding." + }, + { + "id": 18042, + "la": "agit ipse furentem in somnis ferus Aeneas, semperque relinqui sola sibi, semper longam incomitata videtur ire viam et Tyrios deserta quaerere terra, Euiadum veluti demens videt agmina Pentheus et solem geminum et duplices se ostendere Thebas, aut Agamemnonius Poenis agitatus Orestes, armatam facibus matrem et serpentibus atris cum fugit ultricesque sedent in limine Dirae", + "en": "In her sleep fierce Aeneas himself drives her in her frenzy; and ever she seems to be left lonely, ever wending, companionless, an endless way, and seeking her Tyrians in a land forlorn'even as raving Pentheus sees the Bacchants bands, and a double sun and twofold Thebes rise to view; or as when Agamemnons son, Orestes, hounded by the Furies, flees from his mother, who is armed with brands and black serpents, while at the doorway crouch avenging Fiends." + }, + { + "id": 18043, + "la": "Ergo ubi concepit furias evicta dolore decrevitque mori, tempus secum ipsa modumque exigit, et maestam dictis adgressa sororem consilium vultu tegit ac spem fronte serenat: inveni, germana, viam (gratare sorori), quae mihi reddat eum vel eo me solvat amantem", + "en": "So when, outworn with anguish, she caught the madness and resolved to die, in her own heart she determines the time and manner, and accosts her sorrowful sister, with mien that veils her plan and on her brow a cloudless hope. Sister mine, I have found a way'wish your sister joy'to return him to me or release me from my love for him." + }, + { + "id": 18044, + "la": "Oceani finem iuxta solemque cadentem ultimus Aethiopum locus est, ubi maximus Atlas axem umero torquet stellis ardentibus aptum: hinc mihi Massylae gentis monstrata sacerdos, Hesperidum templi custos, epulasque draconi quae dabat et sacros servabat in arbore ramos, spargens umida mella soporiferumque papaver", + "en": "Near Oceans bound and the setting sun lies Ethiopia, farthest of lands, where mightiest Atlas on his shoulders turns the sphere, inset with gleaming stars. Thence a priestess of Massylian race has been shown me, warden of the fane of the Hesperides, who gave dainties to the dragon and guarded the sacred boughs on the tree, sprinkling dewy honey and slumbrous poppies." + }, + { + "id": 18045, + "la": "haec se carminibus promittit solvere mentes quas velit, ast aliis duras immittere curas; sistere aquam fluviis et vertere sidera retro; nocturnosque movet Manis; mugire videbis sub pedibus terram et descendere montibus ornos", + "en": "With her spells she professes to set free the hearts of whom she wills, but on others to bring cruel love pains; to stay the flow of rivers and turn back the stars; she awakes the ghosts of night; and you will see earth rumbling under your feet and ash trees coming down from mountains." + }, + { + "id": 18046, + "la": "testor, cara, deos et te, germana, tuumque dulce caput, magicas invitam accingier artes", + "en": "I call heaven to witness and you, dear sister mine, and your dear life, that against my will I arm myself with magic arts!" + }, + { + "id": 18047, + "la": "tu secreta pyram tecto interiore sub auras erige et arma viri, thalamo quae fixa reliquit impius, exuviasque omnis lectumque iugalem, quo perii, superimponas; abolere nefandi cuncta viri monumenta iuvat, monstratque sacerdos.", + "en": "Secretly raise up a pyre in the inner court under the sky, and heap up on it the arms that heartless one left hanging in my bower, and all his attire and the bridal bed that was my undoing. I want to destroy all memorials of the abhorred wretch, and the priestess so directs." + }, + { + "id": 18048, + "la": "haec effata silet; pallor simul occupat ora", + "en": "Thus she speaks and is silent; pallor the while overspreads her face." + }, + { + "id": 18049, + "la": "non tamen Anna novis praetexere funera sacris germanam credit, nec tantos mente furores concipit aut graviora timet quam morte Sychaei", + "en": "Yet Anna thinks not that her sister veils her death under these strange rites; her mind dreams not of such frenzy nor does she fear anything worse than when Sychaeus died." + }, + { + "id": 18050, + "la": "ergo iussa parat", + "en": "So she makes ready as bidden" + }, + { + "id": 18051, + "la": "At regina, pyra penetrali in sede sub auras erecta ingenti taedis atque ilice secta, intenditque locum sertis et fronde coronat funerea; super exuvias ensemque relictum effigiemque toro locat, haud ignara futuri", + "en": "But the queen, when in the heart of her home the pyre rose heavenward, piled high with pine logs and hewn ilex, hangs the place with garlands and crowns it with funeral boughs. On top, upon the couch, she lays the dress he wore, the sword he left, and an image of him, knowing what was to come." + }, + { + "id": 18052, + "la": "stant arae circum et crinis effusa sacerdos ter centum tonat ore deos, Erebumque Chaosque tergeminamque Hecaten, tria virginis ora Dianae", + "en": "Round about stand altars, and with streaming hair the priestess calls in thunder tones on thrice a hundred gods, Erebos and Chaos, and threefold Hecate, triple-faced maiden Diana." + }, + { + "id": 18053, + "la": "sparserat et latices simulatos fontis Averni; falcibus et messae ad lunam quaeruntur anis pubentes herbae nigri cum lacte veneni; quaeritur et nascentis equi de fronte revulsus et matri praereptus amor", + "en": "Waters, too, she had sprinkled feigned to be from the spring Avernus, and herbs were sought, cut by moonlight with brazen sickles, and juicy with milk of black venom; sought, too, was the love charm, torn from the brow of a colt at birth before the mother snatched it" + }, + { + "id": 18054, + "la": "ipsa mola manibusque piis altaria iuxta, unum exuta pedem vinclis, in veste recincta, testatur moritura deos et conscia fati sidera; tum, si quod non aequo foedere amantis curae numen habet iustumque memorque, precatur", + "en": "She herself, with holy meal and holy hands, stood beside the altars, one foot unsandalled and girdle loosened; soon to die, she calls on the gods and on the stars, witnesses of her doom; then she prays to whatever power, righteous and mindful, watches over lovers unequally allied." + }, + { + "id": 18055, + "la": "Nox erat, et placidum carpebant fessa soporem corpora per terras, silvaeque et saeva quierant aequora, cum medio volvuntur sidera lapsu, cum tacet omnis ager, pecudes pictaeque volucres, quaeque lacus late liquidos, quaeque aspera dumis rura tenent, somno positae sub nocte silenti", + "en": "It was night, and over the earth weary creatures were tasting the peace of slumber; the woods and wild seas had sunk to rest'the hour when stars roll midway in their gliding course, when all the land is still, and beasts and coloured birds, both those that far and near haunt the limpid lakes, and those that dwell in the thorny thickets of the countryside, are couched in sleep beneath the silent night." + }, + { + "id": 18056, + "la": "lenibant curas et corda oblita laborum", + "en": "They were soothing their cares, their hearts oblivious of sorrows." + }, + { + "id": 18057, + "la": "at non infelix animi Phoenissa, neque umquam solvitur in somnos, oculisve aut pectore noctem accipit; ingeminant curae, rursusque resurgens saevit amor, magnoque irarum fluctuat aestu", + "en": "But not so the soul-racked Phoenician queen; she never sinks into sleep, nor draws darkness into eyes or heart. Her pangs redouble, and her love, swelling up, surges afresh, as she heaves with a mighty tide of passion." + }, + { + "id": 18058, + "la": "sic adeo insistit secumque ita corde volutat: en, quid ago? rursusne procos inrisa priores experiar, Nomadumque petam conubia supplex, quos ego sim totiens iam dedignata maritos? Iliacas igitur classis atque ultima Teucrum iussa sequar? quiane auxilio iuvat ante levatos et bene apud memores veteris stat gratia facti? quis me autem, fac velle, sinet ratibusve superbis invisam accipiet? nescis, heu! perdita, necdum Laomedonteae sentis periuria gentis? quid tum? sola fuga nautas comitabor ovantis? an Tyriis omnique manu stipata meorum inferar et, quos Sidonia vix urbe revelli, rursus agam pelago et ventis dare vela iubebo? quin morere, ut merita es, ferroque averte dolorem", + "en": "Thus then she begins, and thus alone revolves her thoughts in her heart: See, what am I to do? Shall I once more make trial of my old wooers, only to be mocked, and shall I humbly sue for marriage with Numidians, whom I have scorned so often as husbands? Shall I then follow the Ilian ships and the Trojans uttermost commands? Is it because they are thankful for aid once given, and gratitude for past kindness stands firm in their mindful hearts? But who'suppose that I wished it'will suffer me, or take one so hated on those haughty ships? Ah! lost one, do you not yet understand nor perceive the treason of Laomedons race? What then? Shall I on my own accompany the exultant sailors in their flight? Or, surrounded by all my Tyrian band, shall I pursue, and shall I again drive seaward the men whom I could scarce tear from the Sidonian city, and bid them unfurl their sails to the winds? Nay, die as you deserve, and with the sword end your sorrow." + }, + { + "id": 18059, + "la": "tu lacrimis evicta meis, tu prima furentem his, germana, malis oneras atque obicis hosti", + "en": "Won over by my tears, you, my sister, you were the first to load my frenzied soul with these ills, and drive me on the foe." + }, + { + "id": 18060, + "la": "non licuit thalami expertem sine crimine vitam degere, more ferae, talis nec tangere curas; non servata fides cineri promissa Sychaeo.", + "en": "Ah, that I could not spend my life apart from wedlock, a blameless life, like some wild creature, and not know such cares! The faith vowed to the ashes of Sychaeus I have not kept." + }, + { + "id": 18061, + "la": "tantos illa suo rumpebat pectore questus", + "en": "Such were the cries that kept bursting from her heart." + }, + { + "id": 18062, + "la": "Aeneas celsa in puppi, iam certus eundi, carpebat somnos, rebus iam rite paratis", + "en": "But now that all was duly ordered, and now that he was resolved on going, Aeneas was snatching sleep on his vessels high stern." + }, + { + "id": 18063, + "la": "huic se forma dei vultu redeuntis eodem obtulit in somnis rursusque ita visa monere est, omnia Mercurio similis, vocemque coloremque et crinis flavos et membra decora iuventa: nate dea, potes hoc sub casu ducere somnos, nec quae te circum stent deinde pericula cernis, demens, nec Zephyros audis spirare secundos? illa dolos dirumque nefas in pectore versat, certa mori, variosque irarum concitat aestus", + "en": "In his sleep there appeared to him a vision of the god, as he came again with the same aspect, and once more seemed to warn him thus, in all aspects like Mercury, in voice and colouring, in golden hair and the graceful limbs of youth: Goddess-born, when such hazard threatens, can you still slumber? Do you not see the perils that from henceforth hem you in, madman? Do you not hear the kindly breezes blowing? She, resolved on death, revolves in her heart fell craft and crime, and awakens the swirling surge of passion." + }, + { + "id": 18064, + "la": "non fugis hinc praeceps, dum praecipitare potestas? iam mare turbari trabibus saevasque videbis conlucere faces, iam fervere litora flammis, si te his attigerit terris Aurora morantem", + "en": "Will you not flee hence in haste, while hasty flight is possible? Soon you will see the waters a welter of timbers, see fierce brands ablaze, and soon the shore flashing with flames, if dawn finds you lingering in these lands." + }, + { + "id": 18065, + "la": "heia age, rumpe moras! varium et mutabile semper femina.", + "en": "Up then, break off delay! A fickle and changeful thing is woman ever." + }, + { + "id": 18066, + "la": "sic fatus nocti se immiscuit atrae", + "en": "So he spoke and melted into the black night." + }, + { + "id": 18067, + "la": "Tum vero Aeneas subitis exterritus umbris corripit e somno corpus sociosque fatigat: praecipites vigilate, viri, et considite transtris; solvite vela citi", + "en": "Then indeed Aeneas, scared by the sudden vision, tears himself from sleep and bestirs his comrades. Make haste, my men, awake and man the benches! Unfurl the sails with speed!" + }, + { + "id": 18068, + "la": "deus aethere missus ab alto festinare fugam tortosque incidere funis ecce iterum instimulat", + "en": "A god sent from high heaven again spurs us to hasten our flight and cut the twisted cables." + }, + { + "id": 18069, + "la": "sequimur te, sancte deorum, quisquis es, imperioque iterum paremus ovantes", + "en": "We follow you, holy among gods, whoever you are, and again joyfully obey your command." + }, + { + "id": 18070, + "la": "adsis o placidusque iuves et sidera caelo dextra feras.", + "en": "Oh, be with us, give your gracious aid, and in the sky vouchsafe kindly stars!" + }, + { + "id": 18071, + "la": "dixit vaginaque eripit ensem fulmineum strictoque ferit retinacula ferro", + "en": "He spoke, and from its sheath snatches his flashing sword and strikes the hawser with the drawn blade." + }, + { + "id": 18072, + "la": "idem omnis simul ardor habet; rapiuntque ruuntque; litora deseruere; latet sub classibus aequor; adnixi torquent spumas et caerula verrunt", + "en": "The same zeal catches all at once; with hurry and scurry they have quitted the shore; the sea is hidden under their fleets; lustily they churn the foam and sweep the blue waters." + }, + { + "id": 18073, + "la": "Et iam prima novo spargebat lumine terras Tithoni croceum linquens Aurora cubile", + "en": "And now early Dawn, leaving the saffron bed of Tithonus, was sprinkling her fresh rays upon the earth." + }, + { + "id": 18074, + "la": "regina, e speculis ut primum albescere lucem vidit et aequatis classem procedere velis, litoraque et vacuos sensit sine remige portus, terque quaterque manu pectus percussa decorum flaventisque abscissa comas, pro Iuppiter! ibit hic, ait, et nostris inluserit advena regnis? non arma expedient totaque ex urbe sequentur, deripientque rates alii navalibus? ite, ferte citi flammas, date tela, impellite remos! quid loquor? aut ubi sum? quae mentem insania mutat? infelix Dido, nunc te facta impia tangunt? tum decuit, cum sceptra dabas", + "en": "Soon as the queen from her watchtower saw the light whiten and the fleet move on with even sails, and knew the shores and harbours were void of oarsmen, thrice and four times she struck her comely breast with her hand, and tearing her golden hair, O God, she cries, shall he go? Shall the intruder have made of our realm a laughingstock? Will pursuers not fetch arms and give chase from all the city, and some of them speed ships from the docks? Go, haste to bring fire, serve arms, ply oars! What say I? Where am I? What madness turns my brain? Unhappy Dido, do only now your sinful deeds come home to you? Then was the time, when you gave your crown away." + }, + { + "id": 18075, + "la": "en dextra fidesque, quem secum patrios aiunt portare Penates, quem subiisse umeris confectum aetate parentem! non potui abreptum divellere corpus et undis spargere? non socios, non ipsum absumere ferro Ascanium patriisque epulandum ponere mensis? verum anceps pugnae fuerat fortuna", + "en": "Behold the pledge and promise of him who, so they say, carries with him his ancestral gods and bore his worn-out father on his shoulders! Could I not have seized him, torn him limb from limb, and scattered the pieces on the waves? Could I not have put his men to the sword, and Ascanius himself, and served him up as a meal at his fathers table? But perhaps the issue of battle had been doubtful?" + }, + { + "id": 18076, + "la": "fuisset: quem metui moritura? faces in castra tulissem implessemque foros flammis natumque patremque cum genere exstinxem, memet super ipsa dedissem", + "en": "Suppose it had been: doomed to death, whom had I to fear? I should have carried fire into his camp, filled his decks with flame, blotted out father and son together with the whole race, and immolated myself on top of all." + }, + { + "id": 18077, + "la": "Sol, qui terrarum flammis opera omnia lustras, tuque harum interpres curarum et conscia Iuno, nocturnisque Hecate triviis ululata per urbes et Dirae ultrices et di morientis Elissae, accipite haec, meritumque malis advertite numen et nostras audite preces", + "en": "O Sun, whose rays survey all that is done on earth; and Juno, agent and witness of my unhappy love; Hecate, whose name is wailed by night in city streets; and Avenging Furies and gods of dying Elissa: hear me now; turn your anger upon the sins that merit it, and listen to my prayers!" + }, + { + "id": 18078, + "la": "si tangere portus infandum caput ac terris adnare necesse est, et sic fata Iovis poscunt, hic terminus haeret: at bello audacis populi vexatus et armis, finibus extorris, complexu avulsus Iuli, auxilium imploret videatque indigna suorum funera; nec, cum se sub leges pacis iniquae tradiderit, regno aut optata luce fruatur, sed cadat ante diem mediaque inhumatus harena", + "en": "If that accursed wretch must needs reach harbour and come to shore, if Joves ordinances so demand and this is the outcome fixed: yet even so, harassed in war by the arms of a fearless nation, expelled from his territory and torn from Iulus embrace, let him plead for aid and see his friends cruelly slaughtered! Nor yet, when he has submitted to the terms of an unjust peace, may he enjoy his kingship or the life he longs for, but perish before his time and lie unburied on a lonely strand!" + }, + { + "id": 18079, + "la": "haec precor, hanc vocem extremam cum sanguine fundo", + "en": "This is my prayer; this last utterance I pour out with my blood." + }, + { + "id": 18080, + "la": "tum vos, o Tyrii, stirpem et genus omne futurum exercete odiis, cinerique haec mittite nostro munera", + "en": "Then do you, Tyrians, persecute with hate his stock and all the race to come, and to my dust offer this tribute!" + }, + { + "id": 18081, + "la": "nullus amor populis nec foedera sunto", + "en": "Let no love or treaty unite the nations!" + }, + { + "id": 18082, + "la": "exoriare, aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor, qui face Dardanios ferroque sequare colonos, nunc, olim, quocumque dabunt se tempore vires", + "en": "Arise from my ashes, unknown avenger, to harass the Trojan settlers with fire and sword'today, hereafter, whenever strength be ours!" + }, + { + "id": 18083, + "la": "litora litoribus contraria, fluctibus undas imprecor, arma armis; pugnent ipsique nepotesque.", + "en": "May coast with coast conflict, I pray, and sea with sea, arms with arms; war may they have, themselves and their childrens children!" + }, + { + "id": 18084, + "la": "Haec ait, et partis animum versabat in omnis, invisam quaerens quam primum abrumpere lucem", + "en": "With this curse she turned her mind in every direction, seeking how most quickly to end the life she loathed." + }, + { + "id": 18085, + "la": "tum breviter Barcen nutricem adfata Sychaei, namque suam patria antiqua cinis ater habebat: Annam, cara mihi nutrix, huc siste sororem; dic corpus properet fluviali spargere lympha, et pecudes secum et monstrata piacula ducat", + "en": "Then briefly she addressed Barce, the nurse of Sychaeus, for the pyres black ashes held her own back in her country of long ago. Dear nurse, bring my sister Anna here. Bid her hasten to sprinkle her body with river water and bring with her the victims and offerings ordained for atonement." + }, + { + "id": 18086, + "la": "sic veniat, tuque ipsa pia tege tempora vitta", + "en": "This done, let her come; and veil your brows, too, with a pure chaplet." + }, + { + "id": 18087, + "la": "sacra Iovi Stygio, quae rite incepta paravi, perficere est animus finemque imponere curis Dardaniique rogum capitis permittere flammae sic ait", + "en": "I am minded to fulfil the rites of Stygian Jove that I have duly ordered and begun, to put an end to my woes, and give over to the flames the pyre of that Dardan wretch. She spoke;" + }, + { + "id": 18088, + "la": "illa gradum studio celerabat anili", + "en": "the nurse hastened her steps with an old womans zeal." + }, + { + "id": 18089, + "la": "at trepida et coeptis immanibus effera Dido, sanguineam volvens aciem, maculisque trementis interfusa genas, et pallida morte futura, interiora domus inrumpit limina, et altos conscendit furibunda rogos, ensemque recludit Dardanium, non hos quaesitum munus in usus", + "en": "But Dido, trembling and frantic with her dreadful design, rolling bloodshot eyes, her quivering cheeks flecked with burning spots, and pale at the imminence of death, bursts into the inner courts of the house, climbs the high pyre in a frenzy and unsheathes the Dardan sword, a gift sought for no such purpose." + }, + { + "id": 18090, + "la": "hic, postquam Iliacas vestes notumque cubile conspexit, paulum lacrimis et mente morata incubuitque toro dixitque novissima verba: dulces exuviae, dum fata deusque sinebat, accipite hanc animam meque his exsolvite curis", + "en": "Then, as she saw the Trojan garb and the familiar bed, pausing awhile in tearful thought, she threw herself on the couch and spoke her last words: O relics once dear, while God and Fate allowed, take my spirit, and release me from my woes!" + }, + { + "id": 18091, + "la": "vixi et, quem dederat cursum Fortuna, peregi, et nunc magna mei sub terras ibit imago", + "en": "My life is done and I have finished the course that Fortune gave; and now in majesty my shade shall pass beneath the earth." + }, + { + "id": 18092, + "la": "urbem praeclaram statui, mea moenia vidi, ulta virum poenas inimico a fratre recepi, felix, heu! nimium felix, si litora tantum numquam Dardaniae tetigissent nostra carinae! dixit et os impressa toro, moriemur inultae, sed moriamur, ait", + "en": "A noble city I have built; my own walls I have seen; avenging my husband, I have exacted punishment from my brother and foe'happy, too happy, had but the Dardan keels never touched our shores! She spoke, and burying her face in the couch, I shall die unavenged, she cries, but let me die!" + }, + { + "id": 18093, + "la": "sic, sic iuvat ire sub umbras", + "en": "Thus, thus I go gladly into the dark!" + }, + { + "id": 18094, + "la": "hauriat hunc oculis ignem crudelis ab alto Dardanus et nostrae secum ferat omina mortis.", + "en": "Let the cruel Dardans eyes drink in this fire from the deep, and carry with him the omen of my death!" + }, + { + "id": 18095, + "la": "Dixerat, atque illam media inter talia ferro conlapsam aspiciunt comites, ensemque cruore spumantem sparsasque manus", + "en": "She ceased; and even as she spoke her handmaids see her fallen on the sword, the blade reeking with blood and her hands bespattered." + }, + { + "id": 18096, + "la": "it clamor ad alta atria; concussam bacchatur Fama per urbem", + "en": "A scream rises to the lofty roof; Rumour riots through the stricken city." + }, + { + "id": 18097, + "la": "lamentis gemituque et femineo ululatu tecta fremunt, resonat magnis plangoribus aether, non aliter, quam si immissis ruat hostibus omnis Karthago aut antiqua Tyros, flammaeque furentes culmina perque hominum volvantur perque deorum", + "en": "The palace rings with lamentation, with sobbing and womens shrieks, and heaven echoes with loud wails'as though all Carthage or ancient Tyre were falling before the inrushing foe, and fierce flames were rolling on over the roofs of men, over the roofs of gods." + }, + { + "id": 18098, + "la": "Audiit exanimis, trepidoque exterrita cursu unguibus ora soror foedans et pectora pugnis per medios ruit ac morientem nomine clamat: hoc illud, germana, fuit? me fraude petebas? hoc rogus iste mihi, hoc ignes araeque parabant? quid primum deserta querar? comitemne sororem sprevisti moriens? eadem me ad fata vocasses; idem ambas ferro dolor atque eadem hora tulisset", + "en": "Swooning, her sister heard, and in dismay rushed through the throng, tearing her face with her nails, and beating her breast with her fists, as she called on the dying woman by name. Was this your purpose, sister? Did you aim your fraud at me? Was this for me the meaning of your pyre, this the meaning of your altar and fires? Forlorn, what shall I first lament? Did you scorn in death your sisters company? You should have summoned me to share your fate; the same sword stroke, the same moment would have taken us both!" + }, + { + "id": 18099, + "la": "his etiam struxi manibus patriosque vocavi voce deos, sic te ut posita, crudelis abessem? exstinxti te meque, soror, populumque patresque Sidonios urbemque tuam", + "en": "Did these hands indeed build the pyre, and did my voice call on our fathers gods, in order that, when you were lying thus, I, cruel one, should be far away? You have destroyed yourself and me together, sister, the Sidonian senate and people, and your city!" + }, + { + "id": 18100, + "la": "date vulnera lymphis abluam et, extremus si quis super halitus errat, ore legam.", + "en": "Bring me water to bathe her wounds and catch with my lips whatever last breath may linger!" + }, + { + "id": 18101, + "la": "sic fata gradus evaserat altos, semianimemque sinu germanam amplexa fovebat cum gemitu atque atros siccabat veste cruores", + "en": "Thus speaking, she had climbed the high steps, and, throwing her arms round her dying sister, sobbed and clasped her to her bosom, stanching with her dress the dark streams of blood." + }, + { + "id": 18102, + "la": "illa, gravis oculos conata attollere, rursus deficit; infixum stridit sub pectore vulnus", + "en": "She, trying to lift her heavy eyes, swoons again, and the deep-set wound gurgles in her breast." + }, + { + "id": 18103, + "la": "ter sese attollens cubitoque adnixa levavit; ter revoluta toro est, oculisque errantibus alto quaesivit caelo lucem ingemuitque reperta", + "en": "Thrice rising, she struggled to prop herself on her elbow, thrice on the bed rolled back, with wandering eyes sought high heavens light, and when she found it, moaned." + }, + { + "id": 18104, + "la": "Tum Iuno omnipotens, longum miserata dolorem difficilisque obitus, Irim demisit Olympo, quae luctantem animam nexosque resolveret artus", + "en": "Then almighty Juno, pitying her long agony and painful dying, sent Iris down from heaven to release her struggling soul from the prison of her flesh." + }, + { + "id": 18105, + "la": "nam quia nec fato, merita nec morte peribat, sed misera ante diem subitoque accensa furore, nondum illi flavum Proserpina vertice crinem abstulerat Stygioque caput damnaverat Orco", + "en": "For since she perished neither in the course of fate nor by a death she had earned, but wretchedly before her day, in the heat of sudden frenzy, not yet had Proserpine taken from her head the golden lock and consigned her to the Stygian under-world." + }, + { + "id": 18106, + "la": "ergo Iris croceis per caelum roscida pinnis, mille trahens varios adverso sole colores, devolat et supra caput adstitit", + "en": "So Iris on dewy saffron wings flits down through the sky, trailing athwart the sun a thousand shifting tints, and halted above her head." + }, + { + "id": 18107, + "la": "hunc ego Diti sacrum iussa fero teque isto corpore solvo: sic ait et dextra crinem secat; omnis et una dilapsus calor atque in ventos vita recessit", + "en": "This offering, sacred to Dis, I take as bidden, and from your body set you free: so she speaks and with her hand severs the lock; and therewith all the warmth passed away, and the life vanished into the winds." + }, + { + "id": 18108, + "la": "Interea medium Aeneas iam classe tenebat certus iter fluctusque atros Aquilone secabat, moenia respiciens, quae iam infelicis Elissae conlucent flammis", + "en": "Meanwhile Aeneas with his fleet was now holding steadfastly his mid-sea course, and cleaving the waves that darkened under the north wind, looking back on the city walls which now gleam with unhappy Elissas funeral flames." + }, + { + "id": 18109, + "la": "quae tantum accenderit ignem causa latet; duri magno sed amore dolores polluto notumque, furens quid femina possit, triste per augurium Teucrorum pectora ducunt", + "en": "What cause kindled so great a flame is unknown; but the cruel pangs when deep love is profaned, and knowledge of what a woman can do in frenzy, lead the hearts of the Trojans amid sad forebodings." + }, + { + "id": 18110, + "la": "Ut pelagus tenuere rates nec iam amplius ulla occurrit tellus, maria undique et undique caelum, olli caeruleus supra caput adstitit imber, noctem hiememque ferens, et inhorruit unda tenebris", + "en": "When the ships gained the deep and no longer any land is in sight, but sea on all sides and on all sides sky, then overhead loomed a black rain cloud, bringing night and tempest, and the wave shuddered darkling." + }, + { + "id": 18111, + "la": "ipse gubernator puppi Palinurus ab alta: heu! quianam tanti cinxerunt aethera nimbi? quidve, pater Neptune, paras? sic deinde locutus colligere arma iubet validisque incumbere remis, obliquatque sinus in ventum ac talia fatur: magnanime Aenea, non, si mihi Iuppiter auctor spondeat, hoc sperem Italiam contingere caelo", + "en": "Even the helmsman Palinurus cries from the high stern: Alas! why have such clouds girt the heaven? What have you in mind, Father Neptune? So he cries, and straightway bids them gather in the tackling and bend to their stout oars, then turns the sails aslant the wind and thus speaks: Noble Aeneas, not even if Jupiter should use his authority to guarantee it, could I hope to reach Italy with such a sky." + }, + { + "id": 18112, + "la": "mutati transversa fremunt et vespere ab atro consurgunt venti, atque in nubem cogitur aer nec nos obniti contra nec tendere tantum sufficimus", + "en": "The winds have shifted and roar athwart our course, gathering from the black west; the air thickens into cloud and we cannot resist or stem the gale." + }, + { + "id": 18113, + "la": "superat quoniam Fortuna, sequamur, quoque vocat, vertamus iter", + "en": "Since Fortune is victor, let us follow and turn our course whither she calls." + }, + { + "id": 18114, + "la": "nec litora longe fida reor fraterna Erycis portusque Sicanos, si modo rite memor servata remetior astra.", + "en": "Nor far distant, I think, are the friendly shores of your brother Eryx and the Sicilian ports, if my memory prove true as I retrace the stars I watched before." + }, + { + "id": 18115, + "la": "tum pius Aeneas: equidem sic poscere ventos iamdudum et frustra cerno te tendere contra flecte viam velis", + "en": "Then loyal Aeneas: I myself have long seen that the winds will so have it, and that in vain you steer against them. Shift the sails to a new course." + }, + { + "id": 18116, + "la": "an sit mihi gratior ulla, quove magis fessas optem demittere navis, quam quae Dardanium tellus mihi servat Acesten et patris Anchisae gremio complectitur ossa? haec ubi dicta, petunt portus, et vela secundi intendunt Zephyri; fertur cita gurgite classis, et tandem laeti notae advertuntur harenae", + "en": "Could any land be more welcome to me, any to which I would sooner steer my weary ships, than that which holds my Dardan friend Acestes, and enfolds in her embrace my father Anchises ashes? This said, they make for harbour, and favouring Zephyrs fill their sails; the fleet runs swiftly on the flood, and at last they gladly turn to the familiar shore." + }, + { + "id": 18117, + "la": "At procul ex celso miratus vertice montis adventum sociasque rates occurrit Acestes, horridus in iaculis et pelle Libystidis ursae, Troa Crimiso conceptum flumine mater quem genuit", + "en": "But afar off, on a high hilltop, Acestes marvels at the coming of friendly ships and hastens towards them, bristling with weapons and a Libyan she-bears skin'Acestes, born of a Trojan mother to the river god Crimisus." + }, + { + "id": 18118, + "la": "veterum non immemor ille parentum gratatur reduces et gaza laetus agresti excipit, ac fessos opibus solatur amicis", + "en": "Not unmindful of his old lineage, he bids them joy on their return, gladly welcomes them with rustic wealth, and comforts their weariness with friendly cheer." + }, + { + "id": 18119, + "la": "Postera cum primo stellas Oriente fugarat clara dies, socios in coetum litore ab omni advocat Aeneas tumulique ex aggere fatur: Dardanidae magni, genus alto a sanguine divum, annuus exactis completur mensibus orbis, ex quo reliquias divinique ossa parentis condidimus terra maestasque sacravimus aras", + "en": "When on the morrow at early dawn bright day had put the stars to rout, Aeneas calls his comrades from all the shore together and speaks from a mounded eminence: Great sons of Dardanus, born of heavens high race, with the passing of the months the circling year draws to an end since we laid in earth the dust, all that was left, of my divine father, and hallowed the altars of grief." + }, + { + "id": 18120, + "la": "iamque dies, nisi fallor, adest, quem semper acerbum, semper honoratum (sic di voluistis) habebo", + "en": "And now, if I err not, the day is at hand which I shall keep (such, O gods, was your will) ever as a day of grief, ever as a day of honour." + }, + { + "id": 18121, + "la": "hunc ego Gaetulis agerem si Syrtibus exsul, Argolicove mari deprensus et urbe Mycenae, annua vota tamen sollemnisque ordine pompas exsequerer strueremque suis altaria donis", + "en": "Were I spending it in exile in the Gaetulian Syrtes, or caught on the Argolic sea or in Mycenaes town, yet would I perform the yearly vow with rites of solemn ordinance and pile the altars with due gifts." + }, + { + "id": 18122, + "la": "nunc ultro ad cineres ipsius et ossa parentis (haud equidem sine mente, reor, sine numine divum) adsumus et portus delati intramus amicos", + "en": "But now, lo! by my sires own dust and bones we stand'not, I think, without the purpose and will of heaven'and carried hither we enter a friendly haven." + }, + { + "id": 18123, + "la": "ergo agite et laetum cuncti celebremus honorem; poscamus ventos, atque haec me sacra quotannis urbe velit posita templis sibi ferre dicatis", + "en": "Come then, one and all, and let us solemnize the sacrifice with joy; let us pray for winds and may he grant that year by year when my city is founded I may offer these rites in temples consecrated to him!" + }, + { + "id": 18124, + "la": "bina boum vobis Troia generatus Acestes dat numero capita in navis; adhibete Penates et patrios epulis et quos colit hospes Acestes", + "en": "Two head of oxen Acestes, of Trojan birth, gives you for every ship; summon to the feast both your own hearth gods and those whom our host Acestes worships." + }, + { + "id": 18125, + "la": "praeterea, si nona diem mortalibus almum Aurora extulerit radiisque retexerit orbem, prima citae Teucris ponam certamina classis; quique pedum cursu valet, et qui viribus audax aut iaculo incedit melior levibusque sagittis, seu crudo fidit pugnam committere caestu, cuncti adsint meritaeque exspectent praemia palmae", + "en": "Moreover, should the ninth Dawn lift her kindly light for mortals and with her rays lay bare the world, I will ordain contests for the Trojans: first of the swift ships; then whoever excels in the footrace, and who, bold in his strength, steps forward superior with the javelin and light shafts, or who dares to join battle with gloves of raw hide'let all appear and look for the palm, the prize of victory." + }, + { + "id": 18126, + "la": "ore favete omnes et cingite tempora ramis.", + "en": "Be silent all, and wreathe your brows with leaves." + }, + { + "id": 18127, + "la": "Sic fatus velat materna tempora myrto", + "en": "So speaking, he crowns his brows with his mothers myrtle." + }, + { + "id": 18128, + "la": "hoc Helymus facit, hoc aevi maturus Acestes, hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes", + "en": "Thus does Helymus, thus Acestes, ripe of years, thus the boy Ascanius, the rest of the youth following." + }, + { + "id": 18129, + "la": "ille e concilio multis cum milibus ibat ad tumulum, magna medius comitante caterva", + "en": "Then from the assembly to the mound he passed, amid many thousands, the centre of the great attending throng." + }, + { + "id": 18130, + "la": "hic duo rite mero libans carchesia Baccho fundit humi, duo lacte novo, duo sanguine sacro, purpureosque iacit flores ac talia fatur: salve, sancte parens, iterum; salvete, recepti nequiquam cineres animaeque umbraeque paternae", + "en": "Here in due libation he pours on the ground two goblets of unmixed wine, two of fresh milk, two of the blood of victims, and showering bright blossoms, thus he cries: Hail, holy father, once again; hail, ashes, rescued though in vain, and you, soul and shade of my sire!" + }, + { + "id": 18131, + "la": "non licuit finis Italos fataliaque arva nec tecum Ausonium, quicumque est, quaerere Thybrim.", + "en": "Not with you was I suffered to seek the destined bounds and fields of Italy, nor Ausonian Tiber, whatever that name imports." + }, + { + "id": 18132, + "la": "dixerat haec, adytis cum lubricus anguis ab imis septem ingens gyros, septena volumina traxit, amplexus placide tumulum lapsusque per aras", + "en": "So had he spoken, when from the foot of the shrine a slippery serpent trailed seven huge coils, fold upon fold seven times, peacefully circling the mound and gliding among the altars;" + }, + { + "id": 18133, + "la": "caeruleae cui terga notae maculosus et auro squamam incendebat fulgor, ceu nubibus arcus mille iacit varios adverso sole colores", + "en": "his back chequered with blue spots, and his scales ablaze with the sheen of dappled gold, as in the clouds the rainbow darts a thousand shifting tints athwart the sun." + }, + { + "id": 18134, + "la": "obstipuit visu Aeneas", + "en": "Aeneas was awestruck at the sight." + }, + { + "id": 18135, + "la": "ille agmine longo tandem inter pateras et levia pocula serpens libavitque dapes, rursusque innoxius imo successit tumulo, et depasta altaria liquit", + "en": "At last, sliding with long train amid the bowls and polished cups, the serpent tasted the viands, and again, all harmless, crept beneath the tomb, leaving the altars where he fed." + }, + { + "id": 18136, + "la": "hoc magis inceptos genitori instaurat honores, incertus, geniumne loci famulumne parentis esse putet; caedit binas de more bidentis totque sues, totidem nigrantis terga iuvencos; vinaque fundebat pateris animamque vocabat Anchisae magni Manisque Acheronte remissos", + "en": "More eagerly, therefore, does he renew his fathers interrupted rites, knowing not whether to deem it the genius of the place or the attendant spirit of his sire. Two sheep he slays, as is meet, two swine, and as many dark-backed heifers, while he poured wine from bowls and called great Anchises shade and the ghost released from Acheron." + }, + { + "id": 18137, + "la": "nec non et socii, quae cuique est copia, laeti dona ferunt; onerant aras mactantque iuvencos; ordine ana locant alii fusique per herbam subiciunt veribus prunas et viscera torrent", + "en": "Moreover, his comrades, as each has store, gladly bring gifts, heap the altars and slay the steers; others in turn set the cauldrons and, spreading over the grass, put live coals under the spits and roast the flesh." + }, + { + "id": 18138, + "la": "Exspectata dies aderat, nonamque serena Auroram Phaethontis equi iam luce vehebant, famaque finitimos et clari nomen Acestae excierat; laeto complerant litora coetu, visuri Aeneadas, pars et certare parati", + "en": "The looked-for day had come, and now the steeds of Phaethon ushered in the ninth Dawn with cloudless light. The name and fame of noble Acestes had stirred the countryside; in merry groups the people thronged the shore, some to see the sons of Aeneas, and some ready to contend." + }, + { + "id": 18139, + "la": "munera principio ante oculos circoque locantur in medio, sacri tripodes viridesque coronae et palmae, pretium victoribus, armaque et ostro perfusae vestes, argenti aurique talentum; et tuba commissos medio canit aggere ludos", + "en": "First of all the prizes are laid out to view in the midst of the course'sacred tripods, green garlands and palms, the victors reward; armour and purple-dyed garments, with a talents weight of silver and gold. Then from the central mound the trumpet proclaims the opening of the games." + }, + { + "id": 18140, + "la": "Prima pares ineunt gravibus certamina remis quattuor ex omni delectae classe carinae", + "en": "For the first contest enter four well-matched ships of heavy oars, picked from all the fleet." + }, + { + "id": 18141, + "la": "velocem Mnestheus agit acri remige Pristim, mox Italus Mnestheus, genus a quo nomine Memmi, ingentemque Gyas ingenti mole Chimaeram, urbis opus, triplici pubes quam Dardana versu impellunt, terno consurgunt ordine remi; Sergestusque, domus tenet a quo Sergia nomen, Centauro invehitur magna, Scyllaque Cloanthus caerulea, genus unde tibi, Romane Cluenti", + "en": "Mnestheus with his eager crew drives the swift Sea Dragon, soon to be Mnestheus of Italy, from whose name comes the Memmian line; Gyas the huge Chimaera of huge bulk, a city afloat, driven forward by the Dardan youth in triple tier, with oars rising in threefold rank. Sergestus, from whom the Sergian house has its name, rides in the great Centaur; and in the sea-blue Scylla Cloanthus, whence comes your family, Cluentius of Rome!" + }, + { + "id": 18142, + "la": "Est procul in pelago saxum spumantia contra litora, quod tumidis submersum tunditur olim fluctibus, hiberni condunt ubi sidera Cori; tranquillo silet immotaque attollitur unda campus et apricis statio gratissima mergis", + "en": "Far out at sea, over against the foaming shores, lies a rock which at times the swollen waves beat and submerge, when stormy Northwesters hide the stars; in time of calm it is voiceless, and rises from the placid wave a level surface, and a welcome haunt for sun-loving gulls." + }, + { + "id": 18143, + "la": "hic viridem Aeneas frondenti ex ilice metam constituit signum nautis pater, unde reverti scirent et longos ubi circumflectere cursus", + "en": "Here as a mark father Aeneas set up a green goal of leafy ilex, for the sailors to know whence to return and where to double round the long course." + }, + { + "id": 18144, + "la": "tum loca sorte legunt, ipsique in puppibus auro ductores longe effulgent ostroque decori; cetera populea velatur fronde iuventus nudatosque umeros oleo perfusa nitescit", + "en": "Then they choose places by lot, and on the sterns the captains themselves shine forth afar in glory of gold and purple; the rest of the crews are crowned with poplar wreaths, and their naked shoulders glisten, moist with oil." + }, + { + "id": 18145, + "la": "considunt transtris, intentaque bracchia remis; intenti exspectant signum, exsultantiaque haurit corda pavor pulsans laudumque arrecta cupido", + "en": "They man the thwarts, their arms strained to the oars; straining, they await the signal, while throbbing fear and eager passion for glory drain each bounding heart." + }, + { + "id": 18146, + "la": "inde ubi clara dedit sonitum tuba, finibus omnes, haud mora, prosiluere suis; ferit aethera clamor nauticus, adductis spumant freta versa lacertis", + "en": "Then, when the clear trumpet sounded, all at once shot forth from their starting places; the mariners shouts strike the heavens; as arms are drawn back the waters are turned into foam." + }, + { + "id": 18147, + "la": "infindunt pariter sulcos, totumque dehiscit convulsum remis rostrisque tridentibus aequor", + "en": "They cleave the furrows abreast, and all the sea gapes open, uptorn by the oars and triple-pointed beaks." + }, + { + "id": 18148, + "la": "non tam praecipites biiugo certamine campum corripuere ruuntque effusi carcere currus; nec sic immissis aurigae undantia lora concussere iugis pronique in verbera pendent", + "en": "Not with such headlong speed in the two-horse chariot race do the cars seize the plain and dart forth from their stalls! Not so wildly over their dashing steeds do the charioteers shake the waving reins, bending forward to the lash." + }, + { + "id": 18149, + "la": "tum plausu fremituque virum studiisque faventum consonat omne nemus, vocemque inclusa volutant litora, pulsati colles clamore resultant", + "en": "Then with applause and shouts of men, and zealous cries of partisans, the whole woodland rings; the sheltered beach rolls up the sound, and the hills, smitten, echo back the din." + }, + { + "id": 18150, + "la": "Effugit ante alios primisque elabitur undis turbam inter fremitumque Gyas; quem deinde Cloanthus consequitur, melior remis, sed pondere pinus tarda tenet", + "en": "Gyas flies in front of the rest and glides foremost on the waves amid confusion and uproar; next Cloanthus follows close, better manned but held back by his pines slow bulk." + }, + { + "id": 18151, + "la": "post hos aequo discrimine Pristis Centaurusque locum tendunt superare priorem; et nunc Pristis habet, nunc victam praeterit ingens Centaurus, nunc una ambae iunctisque feruntur frontibus et longa sulcant vada salsa carina", + "en": "After them, at equal distance, the Dragon and Centaur strive to win the lead; and now the Dragon has it, now the huge Centaur wins past her, now both move together with even prows, and plough the salt waters with long keel." + }, + { + "id": 18152, + "la": "iamque propinquabant scopulo metamque tenebant, cum princeps medioque Gyas in gurgite victor rectorem navis compellat voce Menoeten: quo tantum mihi dexter abis? huc derige gressum; litus ama et laeva stringat sine palmula cautes; altum alii teneant.", + "en": "And now they neared the rock and were close to the turn, when Gyas, still first, and leader in the half-course, loudly hails his ships pilot, Menoetes: Whither, man, so far off to the right? Direct her path this way; hug the shore, and let the oar blade graze the rocks on the left; let others keep to the deep!" + }, + { + "id": 18153, + "la": "dixit, sed caeca Menoetes saxa timens proram pelagi detorquet ad undas", + "en": "He spoke; but Menoetes, fearing hidden rocks, wrenches the prow aside towards the open sea." + }, + { + "id": 18154, + "la": "quo diversus abis? iterum pete saxa, Menoete! cum clamore Gyas revocabat, et ecce Cloanthum respicit instantem tergo et propiora tenentem", + "en": "Whither so far off the course? Make for the rocks, Menoetes! again shouted Gyas to call him back; when lo! he sees Cloanthus hard behind and keeping the nearer course." + }, + { + "id": 18155, + "la": "ille inter navemque Gyae scopulosque sonantis radit iter laevum interior subitoque priorem praeterit et metis tenet aequora tuta relictis", + "en": "Between Gyas ship and the roaring rocks he grazes his way nearer in on the left, suddenly passes his leader, and leaving the goal behind gains safe water." + }, + { + "id": 18156, + "la": "tum vero exarsit iuveni dolor ossibus ingens, nec lacrimis caruere genae, segnemque Menoeten, oblitus decorisque sui sociumque salutis, in mare praecipitem puppi deturbat ab alta; ipse gubernaclo rector subit, ipse magister, hortaturque viros clavumque ad litora torquet", + "en": "Then indeed anger burned deep in the young mans frame; tears sprang to his cheeks, and heedless alike of his own pride and his crews safety, he heaves timid Menoetes from the high stern sheer into the sea; himself steersman and captain, he steps to the helm, cheers on his men, and turns the rudder shoreward." + }, + { + "id": 18157, + "la": "at gravis, ut fundo vix tandem redditus imo est, iam senior madidaque fluens in veste Menoetes summa petit scopuli siccaque in rupe resedit", + "en": "But Menoetes, when with difficulty he rose at last from the sea bottom, old as he was and dripping in his drenched clothes, made heavily for the top of the crag and sat down on the dry rock." + }, + { + "id": 18158, + "la": "illum et labentem Teucri et risere natantem et salsos rident revomentem pectore fluctus", + "en": "The Teucrians laughed as he fell and swam, and they laugh as he spews the salt waters from his chest." + }, + { + "id": 18159, + "la": "Hic laeta extremis spes est accensa duobus, Sergesto Mnestheique, Gyan superare morantem", + "en": "Here a joyful hope was kindled in the two behind, Sergestus and Mnestheus, to pass the laggard Gyas." + }, + { + "id": 18160, + "la": "Sergestus capit ante locum scopuloque propinquat, nec tota tamen ille prior praeeunte carina; parte prior, partem rostro premit aemula Pristis", + "en": "Sergestus takes the lead and nears the rock; but he is ahead not by a whole boats length; he leads by a part, but the rival Dragon overlaps a part with her prow." + }, + { + "id": 18161, + "la": "at media socios incedens nave per ipsos hortatur Mnestheus: nunc, nunc insurgite remis, Hectorei socii, Troiae quos sorte suprema delegi comites; nunc illas promite vires, nunc animos, quibus in Gaetulis Syrtibus usi Ionioque mari Maleaeque sequacibus undis", + "en": "Then, pacing amidships among his crew, Mnestheus cheers them on: Now, now, rise to the oars, comrades of Hector, you whom in Troys last hour I chose as my followers; now put forth that strength, that courage, which you showed in Gaetulian quicksands, on the Ionian sea, and amid Maleas racing waves!" + }, + { + "id": 18162, + "la": "non iam prima peto Mnestheus neque vincere certo; quamquam o'sed superent, quibus hoc, Neptune, dedisti' extremos pudeat rediise; hoc vincite, cives, et prohibete nefas.", + "en": "No longer do I, Mnestheus, seek the first place, no longer do I strive to win; yet oh!'but let those conquer to whom you, Neptune, have granted it'it would be shame to return last! Win but this, my countrymen, and ward off disgrace!" + }, + { + "id": 18163, + "la": "olli certamine summo procumbunt; vastis tremit ictibus aerea puppis, subtrahiturque solum; tum creber anhelitus artus aridaque ora quatit, sudor fluit undique rivis", + "en": "Straining to the utmost, his men bend forward; with their mighty strokes the brazen poop quivers, and the sea floor flies from under them. Then rapid panting shakes their limbs and parched mouths, and sweat streams down all their limbs." + }, + { + "id": 18164, + "la": "attulit ipse viris optatum casus honorem", + "en": "Mere chance brought them the glory they craved." + }, + { + "id": 18165, + "la": "namque furens animi dum proram ad saxa suburget interior spatioque subit Sergestus iniquo, infelix saxis in procurrentibus haesit", + "en": "For while Sergestus, mad at heart, drives his prow inward towards the rocks and enters on the perilous course, he stuck on a jutting reef." + }, + { + "id": 18166, + "la": "concussae cautes, et acuto in murice remi obnixi crepuere, inlisaque prora pependit", + "en": "The cliffs were jarred, on the sharp flint the oars struck and snapped; the bow hung where it crashed." + }, + { + "id": 18167, + "la": "consurgunt nautae et magno clamore morantur ferratasque trudes et acuta cuspide contos expediunt fractosque legunt in gurgite remos", + "en": "Up spring the sailors and, clamouring loudly at the delay, get out iron-shod pikes and sharp-pointed poles, or rescued from the flood their broken oars." + }, + { + "id": 18168, + "la": "at laetus Mnestheus successuque acrior ipso agmine remorum celeri ventisque vocatis prona petit maria et pelago decurrit aperto", + "en": "But Mnestheus, cheered and enlivened by his very success, with swift play of oars and a prayer to the winds, seeks the shoreward waters and glides down the open sea." + }, + { + "id": 18169, + "la": "qualis spelunca subito commota columba, cui domus et dulces latebroso in pumice nidi, fertur in arva volans plausumque exterrita pinnis dat tecto ingentem, mox aere lapsa quieto radit iter liquidum celeris neque commovet alas: sic Mnestheus, sic ipsa fuga secat ultima Pristis aequora, sic illam fert impetus ipse volantem", + "en": "Just as, if startled suddenly from her cave, a dove whose home and sweet nestlings are in the rocky coverts, wings her flight to the fields and, frightened from her home, flaps loudly with her wings; soon, gliding in the peaceful air, she skims her liquid way and stirs not her swift pinions'so Mnestheus, so the Dragon of herself, cleaves in flight the final stretch, so her mere speed carries her on her winged course." + }, + { + "id": 18170, + "la": "et primum in scopulo luctantem deserit alto Sergestum brevibusque vadis frustraque vocantem auxilia et fractis discentem currere remis", + "en": "And first he leaves Sergestus behind, struggling on the high rock and in shallow waters, making vain appeals for help and learning to race with broken oars." + }, + { + "id": 18171, + "la": "inde Gyan ipsamque ingenti mole Chimaeram consequitur; cedit, quoniam spoliata magistro est", + "en": "Then he overhauls Gyas, even the Chimaera with her huge bulk; she gives way, robbed of her helmsman." + }, + { + "id": 18172, + "la": "Solus iamque ipso superest in fine Cloanthus; quem petit et summis adnixus viribus urget", + "en": "And now, hard on the very goal, Cloanthus alone is left. For him Mnestheus makes, striving with all his might and pressing hard." + }, + { + "id": 18173, + "la": "tum vero ingeminat clamor, cunctique sequentem instigant studiis, resonatque fragoribus aether", + "en": "Then indeed the shouts redouble, all together with cheers hearten the pursuer, the sky echoes to their din." + }, + { + "id": 18174, + "la": "hi proprium decus et partum indignantur honorem ni teneant, vitamque volunt pro laude pacisci: hos successus alit; possunt, quia posse videntur", + "en": "These think it shame not to keep the honour that is theirs, the glory they have won, and would barter life for fame: those success heartens; strong are they, for strong they deem themselves." + }, + { + "id": 18175, + "la": "et fors aequatis cepissent praemia rostris, ni palmas ponto tendens utrasque Cloanthus fudissetque preces divosque in vota vocasset", + "en": "And now that their prows were abreast, they might perhaps have won the prize, had not Cloanthus, stretching both hands seawards, poured forth prayers, and called the gods to hear his vows." + }, + { + "id": 18176, + "la": "di, quibus imperium est pelagi, quorum aequora curro, vobis laetus ego hoc candentem in litore taurum constituam ante aras voti reus, extaque salsos proiciam in fluctus et vina liquentia fundam.", + "en": "You gods, whose kingdom is the deep, over whose waters I run, gladly, in discharge of my vow, will I on this shore set before your altars a snow-white bull, and fling entrails into the salt flood and pour liquid wine!" + }, + { + "id": 18177, + "la": "dixit, eumque imis sub fluctibus audiit omnis Nereidum Phorcique chorus Panopeaque virgo, et pater ipse manu magna Portunus euntem impulit: illa Noto citius volucrique sagitta ad terram fugit et portu se condidit alto", + "en": "He spoke, and under the deep waves the whole band of Nereids and of Phorcus, and the virgin Panopea, heard him, and the sire Portunus with his own great hand drove him on his way. Swifter than wind or winged arrow the ship speeds landward, and found shelter in the deep harbour." + }, + { + "id": 18178, + "la": "Tum satus Anchisa, cunctis ex more vocatis, victorem magna praeconis voce Cloanthum declarat viridique advelat tempora lauro, muneraque in navis ternos optare iuvencos vinaque et argenti magnum dat ferre talentum", + "en": "Then the son of Anchises, duly summoning all, by loud cry of herald proclaims Cloanthus victor, and with green bay wreathes his brows; next, as gifts for each ship, bids him choose and take away three bullocks, wine, and a large talent of silver." + }, + { + "id": 18179, + "la": "ipsis praecipuos ductoribus addit honores: victori chlamydem auratam, quam plurima circum purpura Maeandro duplici Meliboea cucurrit, intextusque puer frondosa regius Ida velocis iaculo cervos cursuque fatigat, acer, anhelanti similis; quem praepes ab Ida sublimem pedibus rapuit Iovis armiger uncis; longaevi palmas nequiquam ad sidera tendunt custodes, saevitque canum latratus in auras", + "en": "For the captains themselves he adds special honours; to the winner, a cloak wrought with gold, about which ran deep Meliboean purple in double waving line, and, woven in, the royal boy, with javelin and speedy foot, on leafy Ida tires fleet stags, eager and seemingly breathless; him Joves swift armour bearer has caught up aloft from Ida in his talons; his aged guardians in vain stretch their hands to the stars, and the savage barking of dogs rises skyward." + }, + { + "id": 18180, + "la": "at qui deinde locum tenuit virtute secundum, levibus huic hamis consertam auroque trilicem loricam, quam Demoleo detraxerat ipse victor apud rapidum Simoenta sub Ilio alto, donat habere viro, decus et tutamen in armis", + "en": "But to him, who next by merit won the second place, a coat of mail, linked with polished hooks of triple gold, once torn by his own hand from Demoleos, when he worsted him by swift Simois under lofty Ilium, he gives to keep'a glory and defence in battle." + }, + { + "id": 18181, + "la": "vix illam famuli Phegeus Sagarisque ferebant multiplicem, conixi umeris; indutus at olim Demoleos cursu palantis Troas agebat", + "en": "Scarce could the servants, Phegeus and Sagaris, bear its folds with straining shoulders; yet, clad in this, Demoleos of yore drove full speed the scattered Trojans." + }, + { + "id": 18182, + "la": "tertia dona facit geminos ex aere lebetas cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis", + "en": "The third prize he makes a pair of brazen cauldrons, and bowls wrought in silver and rough with reliefs." + }, + { + "id": 18183, + "la": "Iamque adeo donati omnes opibusque superbi puniceis ibant evincti tempora taenis, cum saevo e scopulo multa vix arte revulsus, amissis remis atque ordine debilis uno, inrisam sine honore ratem Sergestus agebat", + "en": "And now all had their gifts and, proud of their wealth, were going their way, their brows bound with purple fillets, when with great difficulty, by dint of much skill, cleared from the cruel rocks, oars lost, and one tier crippled, Sergestus, amid jeers, brought in his inglorious barque." + }, + { + "id": 18184, + "la": "qualis saepe viae deprensus in aggere serpens, aerea quem obliquum rota transiit aut gravis ictu seminecem liquit saxo lacerumque viator; nequiquam longos fugiens dat corpore tortus, parte ferox ardensque oculis et sibila colla arduus attollens; pars vulnere clauda retentat nexantem nodis seque in sua membra plicantem: tali remigio navis se tarda movebat; vela facit tamen et plenis subit ostia velis", + "en": "Just as often, when caught on the highway, a serpent which a brazen wheel has crossed aslant, or with blow of a heavy stone a wayfarer has crushed and left half-dead, vainly tries to escape and trails its long coils; part defiant, his eyes ablaze and his hissing neck raised aloft; part, maimed by the wound, holding him back, as he twists in coils and twines himself upon his own limbs'with such oarage, the ship moved slowly on; but it hoists sail and under full sail makes the harbours mouth." + }, + { + "id": 18185, + "la": "Sergestum Aeneas promisso munere donat, servatam ob navem laetus sociosque reductos", + "en": "Aeneas presents Sergestus with his promised reward, glad that the ship is saved and the crew brought back." + }, + { + "id": 18186, + "la": "olli serva datur, operum haud ignara Minervae, Cressa genus, Pholoe, geminique sub ubere nati", + "en": "A slave-woman is given him, not unskilled in Minervas tasks, Pholo of Cretan stock, with twin boys at her breast." + }, + { + "id": 18187, + "la": "Hoc pius Aeneas misso certamine tendit gramineum in campum, quem collibus undique curvis cingebant silvae, mediaque in valle theatri circus erat; quo se multis cum milibus heros consessu medium tulit exstructoque resedit", + "en": "This contest sped, loyal Aeneas moves to a grassy plain, girt all about with winding hills, well-wooded, where, at the heart of the valley, ran the circuit of a theatre. To this spot, with many thousands, the hero betook himself into the midst of the company and sat down on a raised seat." + }, + { + "id": 18188, + "la": "hic, qui forte velint rapido contendere cursu, invitat pretiis animos, et praemia ponit", + "en": "Here, for any who might perhaps wish to vie in speed of foot, he lures valour with hope of rewards and sets up prizes." + }, + { + "id": 18189, + "la": "undique conveniunt Teucri mixtique Sicani, Nisus et Euryalus primi", + "en": "From all sides flock Trojans and Sicilians among them, Nisus and Euryalus foremost" + }, + { + "id": 18190, + "la": "Euryalus forma insignis viridique iuventa, Nisus amore pio pueri; quos deinde secutus regius egregia Priami de stirpe Diores; hunc Salius simul et Patron, quorum alter Acarnan, alter ab Arcadio Tegeaeae sanguine gentis; tum duo Trinacrii iuvenes, Helymus Panopesque, adsueti silvis, comites senioris Acestae; multi praeterea, quos fama obscura recondit", + "en": "Euryalus famed for beauty and flower of youth, Nisus for tender love for the boy. Next followed princely Diores, of Priams noble race; then Salius and Patron together; of these one was an Acarnanian, the other of Arcadian blood, a Tegean born; then two Sicilian youths, Helymus and Panopes, inured to the forests and attendants on old Acestes; with many besides, whose fame is hidden in darkness." + }, + { + "id": 18191, + "la": "Aeneas quibus in mediis sic deinde locutus: accipite haec animis laetasque advertite mentes", + "en": "Then in their midst Aeneas thus spoke: Take these words to heart and pay cheerful heed." + }, + { + "id": 18192, + "la": "nemo ex hoc numero mihi non donatus abibit", + "en": "None of this number shall leave without a gift from me." + }, + { + "id": 18193, + "la": "Cnosia bina dabo levato lucida ferro spicula caelatamque argento ferre bipennem; omnibus hic erit unus honos", + "en": "To each will I give two Cretan arrows, gleaming with polished steel, and an axe chased with silver to bear away; all alike shall have this same reward." + }, + { + "id": 18194, + "la": "tres praemia primi accipient flavaque caput nectentur oliva", + "en": "The three first shall receive prizes, and have pale-green olive crown their heads." + }, + { + "id": 18195, + "la": "primus equum phaleris insignem victor habeto; alter Amazoniam pharetram plenamque sagittis Threiciis, lato quam circum amplectitur auro balteus et tereti subnectit fibula gemma; tertius Argolica hac galea contentus abito.", + "en": "Let the first take as winner a horse splendid with trappings; the second an Amazonian quiver, filled with Thracian arrows, girt about with a broad belt of gold and clasped by a buckle with polished gem; with this Argive helmet let the third depart content." + }, + { + "id": 18196, + "la": "Haec ubi dicta, locum capiunt signoque repente corripiunt spatia audito limenque relinquunt, effusi nimbo similes", + "en": "This said, they take their place, and suddenly, the signal heard, dash over the course, and leave the barrier, streaming forth like a storm-cloud." + }, + { + "id": 18197, + "la": "simul ultima signant, primus abit longeque ante omnia corpora Nisus emicat, et ventis et fulminis ocior alis; proximus huic, longo sed proximus intervallo, insequitur Salius; spatio post deinde relicto tertius Euryalus", + "en": "As soon as they sight the goal, away goes Nisus first, and far in front of all darts forth, swifter than the winds or than winged thunderbolt. Next to him, but next by a long distance, follows Salius; then, with some space left between them, Euryalus third" + }, + { + "id": 18198, + "la": "Euryalumque Helymus sequitur; quo deinde sub ipso ecce volat calcemque terit iam calce Diores, incumbens umero; spatio et si plura supersint, transeat elapsus prior ambiguumve relinquat", + "en": "and, after Euryalus, Helymus; then, close upon him, lo! Diores flies, now grazing foot with foot and pressing close at his shoulder. And had more of the course remained, he would have shot past him to the fore or left the issue in doubt." + }, + { + "id": 18199, + "la": "iamque fere spatio extremo fessique sub ipsam finem adventabant, levi cum sanguine Nisus labitur infelix, caesis ut forte iuvencis fusus humum viridisque super madefecerat herbas", + "en": "And now, with course well-nigh covered, panting they neared the very goal, when Nisus, luckless one, falls in some slippery blood, which, spilt by chance where steers were slain, had soaked the ground and greensward." + }, + { + "id": 18200, + "la": "hic iuvenis iam victor ovans vestigia presso haud tenuit titubata solo, sed pronus in ipso concidit immundoque fimo sacroque cruore, non tamen Euryali, non ille oblitus amorum: nam sese opposuit Salio per lubrica surgens, ille autem spissa iacuit revolutus harena", + "en": "Here, even in the joy of triumph, the youth could not hold his stumbling steps on the ground he trod, but fell prone, right in the filthy slime and blood of sacrifice. Yet not of Euryalus, not of his love was he forgetful; for as he rose amid the sodden ground he threw himself in the way of Salius, who, rolling over, fell prostrate on the clotted sand." + }, + { + "id": 18201, + "la": "emicat Euryalus et munere victor amici prima tenet plausuque volat fremituque secundo", + "en": "Euryalus darts by and, winning by grace of his friend, takes first place, and flies on amid favouring applause and cheers." + }, + { + "id": 18202, + "la": "post Helymus subit, et, nunc tertia palma, Diores", + "en": "Behind come Helymus, and Diores, now third prize." + }, + { + "id": 18203, + "la": "Hic totum caveae consessum ingentis et ora prima patrum magnis Salius clamoribus implet, ereptumque dolo reddi sibi poscit honorem", + "en": "Hereupon Salius fills with loud clamour the whole concourse of the great theatre and the gazing elders in front, claiming that the prize wrested from him by fraud be given back." + }, + { + "id": 18204, + "la": "tutatur favor Euryalum lacrimaeque decorae, gratior et pulchro veniens in corpore virtus", + "en": "Good will befriends Euryalus, and his seemly tears and worth, that shows more winsome in a fair form." + }, + { + "id": 18205, + "la": "adiuvat et magna proclamat voce Diores, qui subiit palmae frustraque ad praemia venit ultima, si primi Salio reddentur honores", + "en": "Diores backs him, making loud protest; he has reached the palm, but in vain won the last prize, if the highest honours are restored to Salius." + }, + { + "id": 18206, + "la": "tum pater Aeneas, vestra, inquit, munera vobis certa manent, pueri, et palmam movet ordine nemo; me liceat casus miserari insontis amici.", + "en": "Then said father Aeneas: Your rewards remain assured to you, my lads, and no one alters the prizes order; be it mine to pity the mischance of a hapless friend!" + }, + { + "id": 18207, + "la": "sic fatus tergum Gaetuli immane leonis dat Salio, villis onerosum atque unguibus aureis", + "en": "So saying, he gives to Salius the huge hide of a Gaetulian lion, heavy with shaggy hair and gilded claws." + }, + { + "id": 18208, + "la": "hic Nisus, si tanta, inquit, sunt praemia victis, et te lapsorum miseret, quae munera Niso digna dabis, primam merui qui laude coronam, ni me, quae Salium, fortuna inimica tulisset? et simul his dictis faciem ostentabat et udo turpia membra fimo", + "en": "Then said Nisus: If such be the prize for defeat, and you have pity for the fallen, what fit reward will you give Nisus? The first crown I had earned by merit, had not Fortunes malice fallen on me, as on Salius. And with these words he displayed his face and limbs foul with wet filth." + }, + { + "id": 18209, + "la": "risit pater optimus olli et clipeum efferri iussit, Didymaonis artes, Neptuni sacro Danais de poste refixum; hoc iuvenem egregium praestanti munere donat", + "en": "The gracious father smiled on him and bade a shield be brought out, the handiwork of Didymaon, that Greeks had taken down from Neptunes hallowed doorway. This he bestows on the noble youth, a lordly prize." + }, + { + "id": 18210, + "la": "Post ubi confecti cursus et dona peregit: nunc, si cui virtus animusque in pectore praesens, adsit et evinctis attollat bracchia palmis.", + "en": "Then, when the races were ended and the gifts assigned, Now, he cries, whoever has valour in his breast and a stout heart, let him come and lift up his arms with hidebound hands." + }, + { + "id": 18211, + "la": "sic ait, et geminum pugnae proponit honorem, victori velatum auro vittisque iuvencum, ensem atque insignem galeam solacia victo", + "en": "So he speaks, and sets forth a double prize for the fray; for the victor, a steer decked with gold and fillets; a sword and noble helmet to console the vanquished." + }, + { + "id": 18212, + "la": "nec mora; continuo vastis cum viribus effert ora Dares magnoque virum se murmure tollit, solus qui Paridem solitus contendere contra, idemque ad tumulum, quo maximus occubat Hector, victorem Buten, immani corpore qui se Bebrycia veniens Amyci de gente ferebat, perculit et fulva moribundum extendit harena", + "en": "Forthwith, without delay, Dares shows himself in all his huge strength, rising amid a mighty murmuring of the throng'Dares, who alone was wont to face Paris: he it was who, by the mound where great Hector lies, smote the champion Butes, offspring of Amycus Bebrycian race, as he strode forward in his huge bulk, and stretched him dying on the yellow sand." + }, + { + "id": 18213, + "la": "talis prima Dares caput altum in proelia tollit, ostenditque umeros latos alternaque iactat bracchia protendens et verberat ictibus auras", + "en": "Such was Dares, who at once raises his head high for the fray, displays his broad shoulders, stretches his arms, spars right and left, and lashes the air with blows." + }, + { + "id": 18214, + "la": "quaeritur huic alius; nec quisquam ex agmine tanto audet adire virum manibusque inducere caestus", + "en": "For him a match is sought; but none from all that throng durst face him or draw the gloves on to his hands." + }, + { + "id": 18215, + "la": "ergo alacris cunctosque putans excedere palma Aeneae stetit ante pedes, nec plura moratus tum laeva taurum cornu tenet atque ita fatur:", + "en": "So, exultant and thinking all resign the prize, he stood before Aeneas feet; then, tarrying no longer, grasps the bull by the horn with his left hand, speaking thus:" + }, + { + "id": 18216, + "la": "nate dea, si nemo audet se credere pugnae, quae finis standi? quo me decet usque teneri? ducere dona iube.", + "en": "Goddess-born, if no man dare trust himself to the fray, what end shall there be to my standing here? How long is it fitting to keep me waiting? Bid me lead your gift away!" + }, + { + "id": 18217, + "la": "cuncti simul ore fremebant Dardanidae reddique viro promissa iubebant", + "en": "At once all the Dardans shouted applause, and bade the promised prize be duly given him." + }, + { + "id": 18218, + "la": "Hic gravis Entellum dictis castigat Acestes, proximus ut viridante toro consederat herbae: Entelle, heroum quondam fortissime frustra, tantane tam patiens nullo certamine tolli dona sines? ubi nunc nobis deus ille, magister nequiquam memoratus, Eryx? ubi fama per omnem Trinacriam et spolia illa tuis pendentia tectis? ille sub haec: non laudis amor nec gloria cessit pulsa metu; sed enim gelidus tardante senecta sanguis hebet, frigentque effetae in corpore vires", + "en": "At this Acestes sternly chides Entellus, as he sat next him on the green couch of grass: Entellus, once bravest of heroes, though in vain, will you so tamely let gifts so great be carried off without a struggle? Where now, pray, is the divine Eryx, whom you called your teacher'all in vain? Where is your renown over all Sicily, and those spoils that hung in your house? At this he said: No cowardice has banished love of honour or thought of renown; but my blood is chilled and dulled by sluggish age, and my strength of body is numb and lifeless." + }, + { + "id": 18219, + "la": "si mihi, quae quondam fuerat quaque improbus iste exsultat fidens, si nunc foret illa iuventas, haud equidem pretio inductus pulchroque iuvenco venissem, nec dona moror.", + "en": "Had I that which once I had, in which yonder braggart boldly exults'had I now that youth, then not from lure of prize or goodly steer would I have come forward, nor care I for gifts!" + }, + { + "id": 18220, + "la": "sic deinde locutus in medium geminos immani pondere caestus proiecit, quibus acer Eryx in proelia suetus ferre manum duroque intendere bracchia tergo", + "en": "So he spoke and thereon threw into the ring a pair of gloves of giant weight, wherewith valiant Eryx was wont to enter contests, binding his arms with the tough hide." + }, + { + "id": 18221, + "la": "obstipuere animi: tantorum ingentia septem terga boum plumbo insuto ferroque rigebant", + "en": "Amazed were the hearts of all, so vast were the seven huge oxhides, all stiff with insewn lead and iron." + }, + { + "id": 18222, + "la": "ante omnis stupet ipse Dares longeque recusat, magnanimusque Anchisiades et pondus et ipsa huc illuc vinclorum immensa volumina versat", + "en": "Above all Dares himself is dazed and, shrinking back, declines the contest; while Anchises noble son turns this way and that the thongs huge and ponderous folds." + }, + { + "id": 18223, + "la": "tum senior talis referebat pectore voces: quid, si quis caestus ipsius et Herculis arma vidisset tristemque hoc ipso in litore pugnam? haec germanus Eryx quondam tuus arma gerebat; (sanguine cernis adhuc sparsoque infecta cerebro) his magnum Alciden contra stetit; his ego suetus, dum melior vires sanguis dabat, aemula necdum temporibus geminis canebat sparsa senectus", + "en": "Then the old man spoke thus from his breast: What if any had seen the gloves and arms of Hercules himself, and the fatal feud on this very shore? These arms your brother Eryx once wore; you see them still stained with blood and spattered brains. With these he faced great Alcides; with these was I wont to fight, while sounder blood gave me strength, nor yet had envious age sprinkled my temples with snow." + }, + { + "id": 18224, + "la": "sed si nostra Dares haec Trous arma recusat, idque pio sedet Aeneae, probat auctor Acestes, aequemus pugnas", + "en": "But if the Trojan Dares declines these weapons of ours, and this is resolved on by good Aeneas and approved by my patron Acestes, let us make the battle even." + }, + { + "id": 18225, + "la": "Erycis tibi terga remitto (solve metus), et tu Troianos exue caestus.", + "en": "At your wish I waive the gauntlets of Eryx; dismiss your fears; and take off your Trojan gloves!" + }, + { + "id": 18226, + "la": "haec fatus duplicem ex umeris reiecit amictum, et magnos membrorum artus, magna ossa lacertosque exuit atque ingens media consistit harena", + "en": "So speaking, from his shoulders he threw back his twofold cloak, stripped his great joints and limbs, his great bones and thews, and stood a giant in the arenas midst." + }, + { + "id": 18227, + "la": "Tum satus Anchisa caestus pater extulit aequos et paribus palmas amborum innexuit armis", + "en": "Then, with a fathers care, the son of Anchises brought out gloves of like weight and with equal weapons bound the hands of both." + }, + { + "id": 18228, + "la": "constitit in digitos extemplo arrectus uterque bracchiaque ad superas interritus extulit auras", + "en": "Straightway each took his stand, poised on his toes, and, undaunted, lifted his arms high in air." + }, + { + "id": 18229, + "la": "abduxere retro longe capita ardua ab ictu immiscentque manus manibus pugnamque lacessunt, ille pedum melior motu fretusque iuventa, hic membris et mole valens; sed tarda trementi genua labant, vastos quatit aeger anhelitus artus", + "en": "Raising their heads high and drawing them far back from blows, they spar, hand with hand, and provoke the fray, the one nimbler of foot and confident in his youth, the other mighty in massive limbs; yet his slow knees totter and tremble and a painful gasping shakes his huge frame." + }, + { + "id": 18230, + "la": "multa viri nequiquam inter se vulnera iactant, multa cavo lateri ingeminant et pectora vastos dant sonitus, erratque auris et tempora circum crebra manus, duro crepitant sub vulnere malae", + "en": "Many hard blows they launch at each other to no avail, but many they rain on hollow flank, while their chests ring loudly; hands flash about ears and brows, and cheeks rattle under the hard strokes." + }, + { + "id": 18231, + "la": "stat gravis Entellus nisuque immotus eodem, corpore tela modo atque oculis vigilantibus exit", + "en": "Solidly stands Entellus, motionless, unmoved in stance, shunning blows with body and watchful eyes alone." + }, + { + "id": 18232, + "la": "ille, velut celsam oppugnat qui molibus urbem aut montana sedet circum castella sub armis, nunc hos, nunc illos aditus omnemque pererrat arte locum et variis adsultibus inritus urget", + "en": "The other, like one who assails some high city with siege works or besets a mountain stronghold in arms, tries now this approach and now that, skilfully ranges over all the ground, and presses with varied but vain assaults." + }, + { + "id": 18233, + "la": "ostendit dextram insurgens Entellus et alte extulit; ille ictum venientem a vertice velox praevidit celerique elapsus corpore cessit; Entellus vires in ventum effudit et ultro ipse gravis graviterque ad terram pondere vasto concidit, ut quondam cava concidit aut Erymantho aut Ida in magna radicibus eruta pinus", + "en": "Then Entellus, rising, put forth his right, lifted high; the other speedily foresaw the down-coming blow and, slipping aside with nimble body, foiled it. Entellus spent his strength on air, and in his huge bulk this mighty man fell in his might to earth, as at times falls on Erymanthus or mighty Ida a hollow pine, uptorn by the roots." + }, + { + "id": 18234, + "la": "consurgunt studiis Teucri et Trinacria pubes; it clamor caelo, primusque accurrit Acestes aequaevumque ab humo miserans attollit amicum", + "en": "Eagerly the Teucrians and men of Sicily rise up; a shout mounts to heaven, and first Acestes runs forward, and in pity raises his aged friend from the ground." + }, + { + "id": 18235, + "la": "at non tardatus casu neque territus heros acrior ad pugnam redit ac vim suscitat ira", + "en": "But neither downcast nor dismayed by the fall, the hero returns keener to the fray, and rouses violence with wrath." + }, + { + "id": 18236, + "la": "tum pudor incendit vires et conscia virtus, praecipitemque Daren ardens agit aequore toto, nunc dextra ingeminans ictus, nunc ille sinistra", + "en": "Shame, too, and conscious valour kindle his strength, and in fury he drives Dares headlong over the whole arena, redoubling his blows, now with the right hand, and now with the left." + }, + { + "id": 18237, + "la": "nec mora, nec requies; quam multa grandine nimbi culminibus crepitant, sic densis ictibus heros creber utraque manu pulsat versatque Dareta", + "en": "No stint, no stay is there'thick as the hail when storm clouds rattle on the roof, so thick are the blows from either hand as the hero beats and batters Dares." + }, + { + "id": 18238, + "la": "Tum pater Aeneas procedere longius iras et saevire animis Entellum haud passus acerbis, sed finem imposuit pugnae fessumque Dareta eripuit, mulcens dictis, ac talia fatur: infelix, quae tanta animum dementia cepit? non vires alias conversaque numina sentis? cede deo.", + "en": "Then father Aeneas suffered not their fury to go farther, nor Entellus to rage in bitterness of soul, but set an end to the fray and rescued the sore-spent Dares, speaking thus in soothing words: Unhappy man! How could such frenzy seize your mind? Do you not see the strength is anothers and the gods are changed? Yield to heaven!" + }, + { + "id": 18239, + "la": "dixitque et proelia voce diremit", + "en": "He spoke, and with his voice broke off the fight." + }, + { + "id": 18240, + "la": "ast illum fidi aequales, genua aegra trahentem iactantemque utroque caput crassumque cruorem ore eiectantem mixtosque in sanguine dentes, ducunt ad navis; galeamque ensemque vocati accipiunt, palmam Entello taurumque relinquunt", + "en": "But Dares his loyal mates lead to the ships, his feeble knees trailing, head swaying from side to side, while he spat from his mouth clotted gore and teeth mingled with the blood. At summons, they receive the helmet and the sword; the palm and the bull they leave to Entellus." + }, + { + "id": 18241, + "la": "hic victor, superans animis tauroque superbus, nate dea vosque haec, inquit, cognoscite, Teucri, et mihi quae fuerint iuvenali in corpore vires, et qua servetis revocatum a morte Dareta.", + "en": "At this the victor, triumphant in spirit and glorying in the bull, cries: O Goddess-born and you Trojans, learn what strength I had in my youthful frame, and from what a death you recall and rescue Dares." + }, + { + "id": 18242, + "la": "dixit et adversi contra stetit ora iuvenci, qui donum astabat pugnae, durosque reducta libravit dextra media inter cornua caestus, arduus, effractoque inlisit in ossa cerebro: sternitur exanimisque tremens procumbit humi bos", + "en": "He spoke, and set himself in face of the confronting steer as it stood by, the prize of battle; then drew back his right hand and, at full height, swung the hard gauntlet just between the horns, and broke into the skull, scattering the brains. Outstretched and lifeless, the bull falls quivering on the ground." + }, + { + "id": 18243, + "la": "ille super talis effundit pectore voces: hanc tibi, Eryx, meliorem animam pro morte Daretis persolvo; hic victor caestus artemque repono.", + "en": "Above it he pours forth from his breast these words: This better life I offer you, Eryx, instead of the death of Dares; here victorious I lay down the gauntlet and my art!" + }, + { + "id": 18244, + "la": "Protinus Aeneas celeri certare sagitta invitat qui forte velint et praemia dicit, ingentique manu malum de nave Seresti erigit et volucrem traiecto in fune columbam, quo tendant ferrum, malo suspendit ab alto", + "en": "Straightway Aeneas invites all, who may so wish, to contend with swift arrows, and proclaims the prizes. With his mighty hand he raises the mast from Serestus ship, and from the high pole, on a cord passed round her, suspends a fluttering dove as mark for their shafts." + }, + { + "id": 18245, + "la": "convenere viri deiectamque aerea sortem accepit galea; et primus clamore secundo Hyrtacidae ante omnis exit locus Hippocoontis", + "en": "The rivals gather, and a brazen helmet received the lots thrown in. First before all, amid warm cheers, comes forth the turn of Hippocoon, son of Hyrtacus;" + }, + { + "id": 18246, + "la": "quem modo navali Mnestheus certamine victor consequitur, viridi Mnestheus evinctus oliva", + "en": "on him follows Mnestheus, but now victor in the ship race'Mnestheus, wreathed in green olive." + }, + { + "id": 18247, + "la": "tertius Eurytion, tuus, o clarissime, frater, Pandare, qui quondam, iussus confundere foedus, in medios telum torsisti primus Achivos", + "en": "Third is Eurytion, your brother, famous Pandarus who of old, when bidden to confound the treaty, first hurled a shaft amid the Achaeans." + }, + { + "id": 18248, + "la": "extremus galeaque ima subsedit Acestes, ausus et ipse manu iuvenum temptare laborem", + "en": "Last, and in the helmets depths, lay Acestes himself, daring to lay hand to the task of youth." + }, + { + "id": 18249, + "la": "Tum validis flexos incurvant viribus arcus pro se quisque viri et depromunt tela pharetris, primaque per caelum nervo stridente sagitta Hyrtacidae iuvenis volucris diverberat auras, et venit adversique infigitur arbore mali", + "en": "Then with might and main they bend their bows into a curve, each for himself, and draw shafts from quivers. And first through the sky, from the twanging string, the dart of the son of Hyrtacus cleft the fleet breezes, reached its mark, and struck full in the wood of the mast." + }, + { + "id": 18250, + "la": "intremuit malus, micuitque exterrita pinnis ales, et ingenti sonuerunt omnia plausu", + "en": "The mast quivered, the bird fluttered her wings in terror, and the whole place rang with loud applause." + }, + { + "id": 18251, + "la": "post acer Mnestheus adducto constitit arcu, alta petens, pariterque oculos telumque tetendit", + "en": "Next valiant Mnestheus took his stand with bow bent, aiming aloft, and eyes and shaft levelled alike;" + }, + { + "id": 18252, + "la": "ast ipsam miserandus avem contingere ferro non valuit; nodos et vincula linea rupit, quis innexa pedem malo pendebat ab alto; illa Notos atque atra volans in nubila fugit", + "en": "yet could not, alas! hit the bird herself with the bolt, but severed the knots and hemp bands tying her foot, as from the high mast she hung: off to the south winds and black clouds she sped in flight." + }, + { + "id": 18253, + "la": "tum rapidus, iamdudum arcu contenta parato tela tenens, fratrem Eurytion in vota vocavit, iam vacuo laetam caelo speculatus, et alis plaudentem nigra figit sub nube columbam", + "en": "Then quickly Eurytion, who had long held his bow ready and dart drawn, called upon his brother to hear his vow, marked the dove, now exulting in the free sky, and pierced her as she flapped her wings under a dark cloud." + }, + { + "id": 18254, + "la": "decidit exanimis vitamque reliquit in astris ariis fixamque refert delapsa sagittam", + "en": "Down she fell dead, left her life amid the stars of heaven, and, falling, brought down the arrow that pierced her." + }, + { + "id": 18255, + "la": "amissa solus palma superabat Acestes; qui tamen arias telum contendit in auras, ostentans artemque pater arcumque sonantem", + "en": "Acestes alone was left, the prize now lost; yet upward into the air he aimed his bolt, displaying his veteran skill and the twanging of his bow." + }, + { + "id": 18256, + "la": "hic oculis subitum obicitur magnoque futurum augurio monstrum; docuit post exitus ingens seraque terrifici cecinerunt omina vates", + "en": "On this a sudden portent meets their eyes, destined to prove of mighty consequence, as momentous events revealed later, when in after years fear-inspiring seers declared its import." + }, + { + "id": 18257, + "la": "namque volans liquidis in nubibus arsit harundo signavitque viam flammis tenuisque recessit consumpta in ventos, caelo ceu saepe refixa transcurrunt crinemque volantia sidera ducunt", + "en": "For, flying amid the misty clouds, the reed caught fire, marked its path with flames, then vanished away into thin air'as often shooting stars, unfastened from the firmament, speed across the sky, their tresses streaming in their wake." + }, + { + "id": 18258, + "la": "attonitis haesere animis, superosque precati Trinacrii Teucrique viri; nec maximus omen abnuit Aeneas, sed laetum amplexus Acesten muneribus cumulat magnis ac talia fatur: sume, pater: nam te voluit rex magnus Olympi talibus auspiciis exsortem ducere honores", + "en": "In amazement the Trinacrians and Trojans stood rooted, praying to the powers above. Nor did great Aeneas reject the omen, but, embracing glad Acestes, loaded him with noble gifts, and spoke thus: Take them, father, for the great king of Olympus has willed by these auspices that you are to receive honours, though not sharing in the lot." + }, + { + "id": 18259, + "la": "ipsius Anchisae longaevi hoc munus habebis, cratera impressum signis, quem Thracius olim Anchisae genitori in magno munere Cisseus ferre sui dederat monumentum et pignus amoris.", + "en": "You shall have this gift, once the aged Anchises own, a bowl embossed with figures, that in days gone by, as a princely prize, Cisseus of Thrace gave to my father Anchises, a memorial of himself and a pledge of his love." + }, + { + "id": 18260, + "la": "sic fatus cingit viridanti tempora lauro et primum ante omnis victorem appellat Acesten", + "en": "So speaking, he binds his brows with green laurel and hails Acestes victor, first above them all;" + }, + { + "id": 18261, + "la": "nec bonus Eurytion praelato invidit honori, quamvis solus avem caelo deiecit ab alto", + "en": "nor did good Eurytion grudge the prize to him who was preferred, though he alone brought down the bird from high heaven." + }, + { + "id": 18262, + "la": "proximus ingreditur donis, qui vincula rupit; extremus, volucri qui fixit harundine malum", + "en": "Next for the reward comes he who cut the cord; last is he whose winged shaft had lodged in the mast." + }, + { + "id": 18263, + "la": "At pater Aeneas nondum certamine misso custodem ad sese comitemque impubis Iuli Epytiden vocat et fidam sic fatur ad aurem: vade age et Ascanio, si iam puerile paratum agmen habet secum cursusque instruxit equorum ducat avo turmas et sese ostendat in armis, dic, ait", + "en": "But father Aeneas, before the match was over, calls to him Epytides, guardian and companion of young Iulus, and thus speaks into his faithful ear: Go now, he cries, and tell Ascanius, if he has his company of boys ready, and has marshalled his cavalcade, to lead forth his troops in his grandsires honour and show himself in arms." + }, + { + "id": 18264, + "la": "ipse omnem longo decedere circo infusum populum et campos iubet esse patentis", + "en": "He himself bids all the streaming throng quit the long course and leave the field clear." + }, + { + "id": 18265, + "la": "incedunt pueri pariterque ante ora parentum frenatis lucent in equis, quos omnis euntis Trinacriae mirata fremit Troiaeque iuventus", + "en": "On come the boys, and in even array glitter before their fathers eyes on bridled steeds; as they pass by, the men of Trinacria and Troy murmur in admiration." + }, + { + "id": 18266, + "la": "omnibus in morem tonsa coma pressa corona; cornea bina ferunt praefixa hastilia ferro, pars levis umero pharetras; it pectore summo flexilis obtorti per collum circulus auri", + "en": "All have their hair duly crowned with a trimmed garland; each carries two cornel spearshafts tipped with iron; some have polished quivers on their shoulders; high on the breast around the neck passes a pliant circlet of twisted gold." + }, + { + "id": 18267, + "la": "tres equitum numero turmae ternique vagantur ductores; pueri bis seni quemque secuti agmine partito fulgent paribusque magistris", + "en": "Three in number are the troops of horses and three the captains that ride to and fro; each is followed by twice six boys, glittering in tripartite array under their respective trainers." + }, + { + "id": 18268, + "la": "una acies iuvenum, ducit quam parvus ovantem nomen avi referens Priamus, tua clara, Polite, progenies, auctura Italos; quem Thracius albis portat equus bicolor maculis, vestigia primi alba pedis frontemque ostentans arduus albam", + "en": "One line of youths in triumphal joy is led by a little Priam, renewing his grandsires name'your noble seed, Polites, and destined to swell the Italian race! Him a Thracian horse bears, dappled with spots of white, showing white pasterns as it steps and a white, high-towering brow." + }, + { + "id": 18269, + "la": "alter Atys, genus unde Atii duxere Latini, parvus Atys pueroque puer dilectus Iulo", + "en": "The second is Atys, from whom the Latin Atii have drawn their line'little Atys, the boyish love of the boy Iulus." + }, + { + "id": 18270, + "la": "extremus formaque ante omnis pulcher Iulus Sidonio est invectus equo, quem candida Dido esse sui dederat monumentum et pignus amoris", + "en": "Last, and in beauty excelling all, Iulus rode on a Sidonian horse, that fairest Dido had given in remembrance of herself and as a pledge of her love." + }, + { + "id": 18271, + "la": "cetera Trinacriis pubes senioris Acestae fertur equis", + "en": "The rest of the youth ride on the Sicilian steeds of old Acestes" + }, + { + "id": 18272, + "la": "Excipiunt plausu pavidos gaudentque tuentes Dardanidae veterumque agnoscunt ora parentum", + "en": "The Dardans welcome the anxious boys with applause and rejoice, as they gaze, to recognize in them the features of their departed fathers." + }, + { + "id": 18273, + "la": "postquam omnem laeti consessum oculosque suorum lustravere in equis, signum clamore paratis Epytides longe dedit insonuitque flagello", + "en": "When they had ridden gaily round the whole concourse before the eyes of their kin, Epytides, as they stood expectant, shouted the signal from afar and cracked his whip." + }, + { + "id": 18274, + "la": "olli discurrere pares atque agmina terni diductis solvere choris rursusque vocati convertere vias infestaque tela tulere", + "en": "Thereupon they galloped apart in matching order, the three troops breaking their column and dividing into their separate squads; then at the word of command they wheeled about and charged each other with levelled lances." + }, + { + "id": 18275, + "la": "inde alios ineunt cursus aliosque recursus adversi spatiis, alternosque orbibus orbes impediunt, pugnaeque cient simulacra sub armis; et nunc terga fuga nudant, nunc spicula vertunt infensi, facta pariter nunc pace feruntur", + "en": "Next they perform other movements and counter movements, confronting one another in the lists; they weave circle with alternate circle, and with real arms awake the mimicry of war. Now they turn their backs in flight, now point their spears aggressively, and now ride side by side in peace." + }, + { + "id": 18276, + "la": "ut quondam Creta fertur Labyrinthus in alta parietibus textum caecis iter ancipitemque mille viis habuisse dolum, qua signa sequendi frangeret indeprensus et inremeabilis error: haud alio Teucrum nati vestigia cursu impediunt texuntque fugas et proelia ludo, delphinum similes, qui per maria umida nando Carpathium Libycumque secant luduntque per undas", + "en": "As once in high Crete, it is said, the Labyrinth held a path woven with blind walls, and a bewildering work of craft with a thousand ways, where the tokens of the trail were broken by the indiscoverable and irretraceable maze: even in such a course do the sons of Troy entangle their steps, weaving in sport their flight and conflict, like dolphins that, swimming through the wet main, cleave the Carpathian or Libyan seas and play amid the waves." + }, + { + "id": 18277, + "la": "hunc morem cursus atque haec certamina primus Ascanius, Longam muris cum cingeret Albam, rettulit et Priscos docuit celebrare Latinos, quo puer ipse modo, secum quo Troia pubes; Albani docuere suos; hinc maxima porro accepit Roma et patrium servavit honorem; Troiaque nunc pueri, Troianum dicitur agmen", + "en": "This manner of horsemanship, these contests Ascanius first revived when he girt Alba Longa with walls, and taught the early Latins, even as he himself solemnized them in boyhood, and with him the Trojan youth. The Albans taught their children; from them in turn mighty Rome received the heritage and kept it as an ancestral observance; and today the boys are called Troy and the troop Trojan." + }, + { + "id": 18278, + "la": "hac celebrata tenus sancto certamina patri", + "en": "Thus far were solemnized the sports in honour of the holy sire." + }, + { + "id": 18279, + "la": "Hinc primum Fortuna fidem mutata novavit", + "en": "Here first Fortune changed and broke her faith." + }, + { + "id": 18280, + "la": "dum variis tumulo referunt sollemnia ludis, Irim de caelo misit Saturnia Iuno Iliacam ad classem ventosque adspirat eunti, multa movens necdum antiquum saturata dolorem", + "en": "While at the tomb with various games they pay the due rites, Juno, daughter of Saturn, sends Iris down from heaven to the Ilian fleet, and breathes fair winds to waft her on, pondering many a thought and with her ancient grudge still unsated." + }, + { + "id": 18281, + "la": "illa viam celerans per mille coloribus arcum nulli visa cito decurrit tramite virgo", + "en": "Iris, speeding her way along her thousand-hued rainbow, runs swiftly down her path, a maiden seen of none." + }, + { + "id": 18282, + "la": "conspicit ingentem concursum et litora lustrat desertosque videt portus classemque relictam", + "en": "She views the vast throng, scans the shore, and sees the harbour forsaken and the fleet abandoned." + }, + { + "id": 18283, + "la": "at procul in sola secretae Troades acta amissum Anchisen flebant cunctaeque profundum pontum aspectabant flentes", + "en": "But far apart on the lonely shore the Trojan women wept for Anchises loss, and all, as they wept, gazed on the fathomless flood." + }, + { + "id": 18284, + "la": "heu! tot vada fessis et tantum superesse maris! vox omnibus una", + "en": "Ah, for weary folk what waves remain, what wastes of sea! Such is the one cry of all." + }, + { + "id": 18285, + "la": "urbem orant; taedet pelagi perferre laborem", + "en": "It is a city they crave; of the seas hardships they have had enough." + }, + { + "id": 18286, + "la": "ergo inter medias sese haud ignara nocendi conicit et faciemque deae vestemque reponit; fit Beroe, Tmarii coniunx longaeva Dorycli, cui genus et quondam nomen natique fuissent, ac sic Dardanidum mediam se matribus infert: o miserae, quas non manus, inquit, Achaica bello traxerit ad letum patriae sub moenibus! o gens infelix, cui te exitio Fortuna reservat? septima post Troiae excidium iam vertitur aestas, cum freta, cum terras omnis, tot inhospita saxa sideraque emensae ferimur, dum per mare magnum Italiam sequimur fugientem et volvimur undis", + "en": "So into their midst, well versed in working ill, Iris flings herself, and lays aside the face and robe of a goddess. She becomes Bero, aged wife of Tmarian Doryclus, who had once had family, fame, and children, and in this form joins the throng of Dardan mothers. Ah, wretched we, she cries, whom Achaean hands dragged not to death in war beneath our native walls! Ah, hapless race, for what destruction does Fortune reserve you? The seventh summer is now on the wane since Troys overthrow and we measure in our course all seas and lands, with many rocks and stars inhospitable, while over the great deep we chase a fleeing Italy and toss upon the waves." + }, + { + "id": 18287, + "la": "hic Erycis fines fraterni atque hospes Acestes; quis prohibet muros iacere et dare civibus urbem? o patria et rapti nequiquam ex hoste Penates, nullane iam Troiae dicentur moenia? nusquam Hectoreos amnis, Xanthum et Simoenta, videbo? quin agite et mecum infaustas exurite puppis", + "en": "Here are the lands of our brother Eryx, and here is our host Acestes. Who forbids us to cast up walls and give our citizens a city? O fatherland, O household gods, in vain rescued from the foe, shall no town hereafter be called Troys? Shall I nowhere see a Xanthus and a Simois, the rivers of Hector? Nay, come! and burn with me these accursed ships." + }, + { + "id": 18288, + "la": "nam mihi Cassandrae per somnum vatis imago ardentis dare visa faces: hic quaerite Troiam, hic domus est, inquit vobis iam tempus agi res, nec tantis mora prodigiis", + "en": "For in my sleep the phantom of Cassandra, the soothsayer, seemed to give me blazing brands: Here seek Troy, she said; here is your home. Now it is time that deeds be done; such portents brook no delay." + }, + { + "id": 18289, + "la": "en quattuor arae Neptuno; deus ipse faces animumque ministrat.", + "en": "Lo, four altars to Neptune! The god himself lends the brands and the resolve." + }, + { + "id": 18290, + "la": "Haec memorans prima infensum vi corripit ignem sublataque procul dextra conixa coruscat et iacit", + "en": "Thus speaking, she first fiercely seized the deadly flame, and raising her brand aloft, with full force brandished it and threw." + }, + { + "id": 18291, + "la": "arrectae mentes stupefactaque corda Iliadum", + "en": "Startled are the minds of the Trojan women, their wits bewildered." + }, + { + "id": 18292, + "la": "hic una e multis, quae maxima natu, Pyrgo, tot Priami natorum regia nutrix: non Beroe vobis, non haec Rhoeteia, matres, est Dorycli coniunx;", + "en": "At this one from out their throng, and she the eldest, Pyrgo, royal nurse for Priams many sons, spoke: This, look, mothers, is not Beroe; this is not the Rhoeteian wife of Doryclus." + }, + { + "id": 18293, + "la": "divini signa decoris ardentisque notate oculos, qui spiritus illi, qui vultus vocisque sonus vel gressus eunti", + "en": "Mark the signs of divine beauty and the flashing eyes; what fire she has, what lineaments, the sound of her voice, or her step as she moves." + }, + { + "id": 18294, + "la": "ipsa egomet dudum Beroen digressa reliqui aegram, indignantem, tali quod sola careret munere nec meritos Anchisae inferret honores. haec effata", + "en": "I myself but even now left Bero behind, sick, and fretting that she alone had no part in such a rite, nor could pay to Anchises the offerings due! So she spoke" + }, + { + "id": 18295, + "la": "at matres primo ancipites oculisque malignis ambiguae spectare rates miserum inter amorem praesentis terrae fatisque vocantia regna, cum dea se paribus per caelum sustulit alis ingentemque fuga secuit sub nubibus arcum", + "en": "But at first the matrons were gazing on the ships doubtfully and with jealous eyes, torn between an unhappy yearning for the land now reached and the destined kingdom that beckons them on, when the goddess on poised wings rose through the sky, cleaving in flight the mighty bow beneath the clouds." + }, + { + "id": 18296, + "la": "tum vero attonitae monstris actaeque furore conclamant rapiuntque focis penetralibus ignem; pars spoliant aras, frondem ac virgulta facesque coniciunt", + "en": "Then, indeed, amazed at the marvels and driven by frenzy, they cry aloud, and some snatch fire from the hearths within; others strip the altars, and throw on leaves and twigs and brands." + }, + { + "id": 18297, + "la": "furit immissis Volcanus habenis transtra per et remos et pictas abiete puppis", + "en": "With free rein Vulcan riots amid thwarts and oars and hulls of painted pine." + }, + { + "id": 18298, + "la": "Nuntius Anchisae ad tumulum cuneosque theatri incensas perfert navis Eumelus, et ipsi respiciunt atram in nimbo volitare favillam", + "en": "To the tomb of Anchises and the seats of the theatre Eumelus bears tidings of the burning ships, and looking back, their own eyes see the black ash floating in a smoky cloud." + }, + { + "id": 18299, + "la": "primus et Ascanius, cursus ut laetus equestris ducebat, sic acer equo turbata petivit castra, nec exanimes possunt retinere magistri", + "en": "And first Ascanius, as gaily he led the galloping troops, eagerly spurred his horse to the bewildered camp, nor can the breathless trainers hold him back." + }, + { + "id": 18300, + "la": "quis furor iste novus? quo nunc, quo tenditis, inquit, heu! miserae cives? non hostem inimicaque castra Argivum, vestras spes uritis en ego vester Ascanius!", + "en": "What strange madness is this? he cries. Whither now, whither are you bound, my wretched countrywomen? It is not the foe, not the hostile Argive camp you burn, but your own hopes. I am your own Ascanius!" + }, + { + "id": 18301, + "la": "galeam ante pedes proiecit inanem, qua ludo indutus belli simulacra ciebat", + "en": "And before his fleet he flung the empty helmet wherewith he was arrayed as he awoke in sport the mimicry of battle." + }, + { + "id": 18302, + "la": "accelerat simul Aeneas, simul agmina Teucrum", + "en": "Thither hastens Aeneas, too; thither, too, the Trojan bands." + }, + { + "id": 18303, + "la": "ast illae diversa metu per litora passim diffugiunt silvasque et sicubi concava furtim saxa petunt; piget incepti lucisque, suosque mutatae agnoscunt, excussaque pectore Iuno est", + "en": "But the women scatter in dismay over the shores this way and that, and make stealthily for the woods and the hollow rocks they anywhere can find. They loathe the deed and the light of day; with changed thoughts they know their kin, and Juno is shaken from their hearts." + }, + { + "id": 18304, + "la": "Sed non idcirco flamma atque incendia vires indomitas posuere; udo sub robore vivit stuppa vomens tardum fumum, lentusque carinas est vapor, et toto descendit corpore pestis, nec vires heroum infusaque flumina prosunt", + "en": "But not for that did the burning flames lay aside their unquelled fury; under the wet oak the tow is alive, slowly belching smoke; the smouldering heat devours the keels, a plague sinking through the whole frame, nor can the heroes strength, nor the floods they pour, avail." + }, + { + "id": 18305, + "la": "tum pius Aeneas umeris abscindere vestem auxilioque vocare deos et tendere palmas: Iuppiter omnipotens, si nondum exosus ad unum Troianos, si quid pietas antiqua labores respicit humanos, da flammam evadere classi nunc, pater, et tenuis Teucrum res eripe leto; vel tu, quod superest, infesto fulmine morti, si mereor, demitte tuaque hic obrue dextra.", + "en": "Then loyal Aeneas rent the garment from his shoulders, and called the gods to his aid, lifting up his hands: Almighty Jupiter, if you do not yet utterly abhor the Trojans to their last man, if your loving-kindness of old has any regard for human sorrows, grant to the fleet to escape the flame even now, Father, and snatch from doom the slender fortunes of the Trojans! Or if I deserve it, do you with levelled thunderbolt send down to death the little that remains, and here overwhelm us with your hand." + }, + { + "id": 18306, + "la": "vix haec ediderat, cum effusis imbribus atra tempestas sine more furit tonitruque tremescunt ardua terrarum et campi; ruit aethere toto turbidus imber aqua densisque nigerrimus Austris, implenturque super puppes, semusta madescunt robora, restinctus donec vapor omnis et omnes, quattuor amissis, servatae a peste carinae", + "en": "Scarce had he uttered this when with streaming showers a black tempest rages unrestrained; with thunder tremble hills and plains; from the whole sky rushes down a fierce storm of rain, pitch-black with laden south winds. The ships are filled to overflowing, the half-burnt timbers are soaked, till all heat is quenched, and all the hulls save four are rescued from destruction." + }, + { + "id": 18307, + "la": "At pater Aeneas, casu concussus acerbo, nunc huc ingentis, nunc illuc pectore curas mutabat versans, Siculisne resideret arvis, oblitus fatorum, Italasne capesseret oras", + "en": "But father Aeneas, stunned by the bitter blow, now this way, now that, within his heart turned over mighty cares, pondering whether, forgetful of fate, he should settle in Sicilian fields, or aim to reach Italian shores." + }, + { + "id": 18308, + "la": "tum senior Nautes, unum Tritonia Pallas quem docuit multaque insignem reddidit arte, (haec responsa dabat, vel quae portenderet ira magna deum vel quae fatorum posceret ordo), isque his Aenean solatus vocibus infit: nate dea, quo fata trahunt retrahuntque sequamur; quidquid erit, superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est", + "en": "Then aged Nautes, whom, above all, Tritonian Pallas taught, and with deep lore made famous'she it was who gave him answers, telling either what the mighty wrath of the gods portended, or what the course of fate demanded'he with these words essays to comfort Aeneas: Let us go, goddess-born, where the Fates, in their ebb and flow, draw us; come what may, endurance must master every fortune." + }, + { + "id": 18309, + "la": "est tibi Dardanius divinae stirpis Acestes; hunc cape consiliis socium et coniunge volentem, huic trade, amissis superant qui navibus et quos pertaesum magni incepti rerumque tuarum est; longaevosque senes ac fessas aequore matres et quidquid tecum invalidum metuensque pericli est delige, et his habeant terris sine moenia fessi; urbem appellabunt permisso nomine Acestam.", + "en": "You have Trojan Acestes, of divine stock; take him to share your counsels, a willing partner; to him entrust those who, their ships thus lost, are left over, and those who have grown weary of your great emprise and of your fortunes. Choose out the old men full of years and sea-worn matrons, and all of your company who are weak and fearful of peril, and let the wearied find their city in this land. This city, if you permit the name, they shall call Acesta." + }, + { + "id": 18310, + "la": "Talibus incensus dictis senioris amici tum vero in curas animo diducitur omnis", + "en": "Then, indeed, kindled by these words of his aged friend, he is torn asunder in soul amid all his cares." + }, + { + "id": 18311, + "la": "et Nox atra polum bigis subvecta tenebat: visa dehinc caelo facies delapsa parentis Anchisae subito talis effundere voces: nate, mihi vita quondam, dum vita manebat, care magis, nate, Iliacis exercite fatis, imperio Iovis huc venio, qui classibus ignem depulit, et caelo tandem miseratus ab alto est", + "en": "And now, borne upwards in her chariot, black Night held the sky, when there seemed to glide down from heaven the likeness of his father Anchises and suddenly to utter thus his words: Son, dearer to me than life, in days when life was mine; son, tested by Iliums fate! I come hither by Joves command, who drove the fire from your fleet, and at last has had pity from high heaven." + }, + { + "id": 18312, + "la": "consiliis pare, quae nunc pulcherrima Nautes dat senior; lectos iuvenes, fortissima corda, defer in Italiam", + "en": "Obey the fair advice that aged Nautes now gives; chosen youths, the bravest hearts, lead to Italy." + }, + { + "id": 18313, + "la": "gens dura atque aspera cultu debellanda tibi Latio est", + "en": "A people hard and rugged in nurture must you subdue in Latium." + }, + { + "id": 18314, + "la": "Ditis tamen ante infernas accede domos et Averna per alta congressus pete, nate, meos", + "en": "Yet first approach the nether halls of Dis, and through the depths of Avernus seek, my son, a meeting with me." + }, + { + "id": 18315, + "la": "non me impia namque Tartara habent, tristes umbrae, sed amoena piorum concilia Elysiumque colo", + "en": "For impious Tartarus, with its gloomy shades, holds me not, but I dwell in Elysium amid the sweet assemblies of the blest." + }, + { + "id": 18316, + "la": "huc casta Sibylla nigrarum multo pecudum te sanguine ducet", + "en": "Hither, with much blood of black sheep, the pure Sibyl will lead you;" + }, + { + "id": 18317, + "la": "tum genus omne tuum et quae dentur moenia disces", + "en": "and then you will learn of all your race, and what city is given to you." + }, + { + "id": 18318, + "la": "iamque vale; torquet medios Nox umida cursus, et me saevus equis Oriens adflavit anhelis.", + "en": "And now farewell; dewy Night wheels her midway course, and the cruel East has breathed on me with panting steeds." + }, + { + "id": 18319, + "la": "dixerat et tenuis fugit ceu fumus in auras", + "en": "He spoke, and passed like smoke into thin air." + }, + { + "id": 18320, + "la": "Aeneas, quo deinde ruis? quo proripis? inquit, quem fugis? aut quis te nostris complexibus arcet? haec memorans cinerem et sopitos suscitat ignis, Pergameumque Larem et canae penetralia Vestae farre pio et plena supplex veneratur acerra", + "en": "Where are you rushing now? cries Aeneas. Where are you hurrying? Whom do you flee, or who bars you from our embraces? So speaking, he rouses the embers of the slumbering fires, and with holy meal and full censer humbly worships the Lar of Troy and the shrine of hoary Vesta." + }, + { + "id": 18321, + "la": "Extemplo socios primumque accersit Acesten et Iovis imperium et cari praecepta parentis edocet et quae nunc animo sententia constet", + "en": "Straightway he summons his comrades'Acestes first'and instructs them of Joves command, the counsel of his dear father, and the resolve now settled in his soul." + }, + { + "id": 18322, + "la": "haud mora consiliis, nec iussa recusat Acestes", + "en": "Not long is their debate; nor does Acestes refuse his bidding." + }, + { + "id": 18323, + "la": "transcribunt urbi matres populumque volentem deponunt, animos nil magnae laudis egentes", + "en": "They enrol the matrons for the town, and set on shore the folk who wish it so'souls with no craving for high renown." + }, + { + "id": 18324, + "la": "ipsi transtra novant flammisque ambesa reponunt robora navigiis, aptant remosque rudentisque, exigui numero, sed bello vivida virtus", + "en": "They themselves renew the thwarts, and replace the fire-charred timbers of the ships, and fit up oars and rigging'scant of number, but a brave band alive for war." + }, + { + "id": 18325, + "la": "interea Aeneas urbem designat aratro sortiturque domos; hoc Ilium et haec loca Troiam esse iubet, gaudet regno Troianus Acestes indicitque forum et patribus dat iura vocatis", + "en": "Meanwhile Aeneas marks out the city with a plough and allots homes; this he bids be Ilium and these lands Troy. Trojan Acestes delights in his kingdom, proclaims a court, and gives laws to the assembled senate." + }, + { + "id": 18326, + "la": "tum vicina astris Erycino in vertice sedes fundatur Veneri Idaliae, tumuloque sacerdos ac lucus late sacer additur Anchiseo", + "en": "Then, on the crest of Eryx, a shrine, nigh to the stars, is founded to Venus of Idalia, and to Anchises tomb is assigned a priest with breadth of hallowed grove." + }, + { + "id": 18327, + "la": "Iamque dies epulata novem gens omnis, et aris factus honos; placidi straverunt aequora venti, creber et adspirans rursus vocat Auster in altum", + "en": "And now for nine days all the folk have feasted and offerings been paid at the altars; gentle winds have lulled the seas, and the South, breathing often upon them, calls them again to sea." + }, + { + "id": 18328, + "la": "exoritur procurva ingens per litora fletus; complexi inter se noctemque diemque morantur", + "en": "Along the winding shore arises a mighty wail; embracing one another, they linger a night and a day." + }, + { + "id": 18329, + "la": "ipsae iam matres, ipsi, quibus aspera quondam visa maris facies et non tolerabile numen, ire volunt omnemque fugae perferre laborem", + "en": "Now the very mothers, the very men to whom once the face of the sea seemed cruel and its power intolerable, are ready to go out and bear all toil of exile." + }, + { + "id": 18330, + "la": "quos bonus Aeneas dictis solatur amicis et consanguineo lacrimans commendat Acestae", + "en": "These good Aeneas comforts with kindly words, and commends with tears to his kinsman Acestes." + }, + { + "id": 18331, + "la": "tris Eryci vitulos et Tempestatibus agnam caedere deinde iubet solvique ex ordine funem", + "en": "Then he bids slay three steers to Eryx and a lamb to the Tempests, and duly loose the moorings." + }, + { + "id": 18332, + "la": "ipse, caput tonsae foliis evinctus olivae, stans procul in prora pateram tenet extaque salsos proicit in fluctus ac vina liquentia fundit", + "en": "He himself, with temples bound in leaves of trimmed olive, standing apart on the prow, holds the cup, flings the entrails into the salt flood, and pours the liquid wine." + }, + { + "id": 18333, + "la": "prosequitur surgens a puppi ventus euntis", + "en": "A wind, rising astern, attends them on their way." + }, + { + "id": 18334, + "la": "certatim socii feriunt mare et aequora verrunt", + "en": "With rival strokes his comrades lash the sea and sweep the waters." + }, + { + "id": 18335, + "la": "At Venus interea Neptunum exercita curis adloquitur talisque effundit pectore questus: Iunonis gravis ira nec exsaturabile pectus cogunt me, Neptune, preces descendere in omnis; quam nec longa dies, pietas nec mitigat ulla, nec Iovis imperio fatisque infracta quiescit", + "en": "But Venus meanwhile, distressed with cares, speaks thus to Neptune, and from her heart pours out her plaint: Junos fell wrath and implacable heart constrain me, O Neptune, to stoop to every prayer. Her no lapse of time, nor any goodness softens, nor does she rest, still unbent by Fate and Joves command." + }, + { + "id": 18336, + "la": "non media de gente Phrygum exedisse nefandis urbem odiis satis est, nec poenam traxe per omnem reliquias Troiae; cineres atque ossa peremptae insequitur", + "en": "It is not enough that from the midst of the Phrygian race in her fell hate she has devoured their city and dragged through utmost vengeance the remnants of Troy; the very ashes and dust of the slaughtered race she still pursues." + }, + { + "id": 18337, + "la": "causas tanti sciat illa furoris", + "en": "The causes of such madness be it hers to know." + }, + { + "id": 18338, + "la": "ipse mihi nuper Libycis tu testis in undis quam molem subito excierit; maria omnia caelo miscuit, Aeoliis nequiquam freta procellis, in regnis hoc ausa tuis", + "en": "You are yourself my witness what sudden turmoil she raised of late in the Libyan waters; all the seas she mingled with the sky, in vain relying on the storms of Aeolus; and this she dared in your realm" + }, + { + "id": 18339, + "la": "per scelus ecce etiam Troianis matribus actis exussit foede puppis et classe subegit amissa socios ignotae linquere terrae", + "en": "And, wickedly driving on the Trojan matrons, she has foully burnt their ships, and forced them'their fleet lost'to abandon their comrades to an unknown shore." + }, + { + "id": 18340, + "la": "quod superest, oro, liceat dare tuta per undas vela tibi, liceat Laurentem attingere Thybrim, si concessa peto, si dant ea moenia Parcae.", + "en": "Grant, I pray, that the remnant may commit their sails safely to you across the waters; grant them to gain Laurentine Tiber, if I ask what is right, if those walls are granted by the Fates." + }, + { + "id": 18341, + "la": "Tum Saturnius haec domitor maris edidit alti: fas omne est, Cytherea, meis te fidere regnis, unde genus ducis", + "en": "Then Saturns son, lord of the deep sea, spoke thus: You have every right, Cytherean, to put trust in this, my realm, from which you are born." + }, + { + "id": 18342, + "la": "merui quoque; saepe furores compressi et rabiem tantam caelique marisque", + "en": "This, too, I have earned; often have I checked the fury and mighty rage of sea and sky." + }, + { + "id": 18343, + "la": "nec minor in terris (Xanthum Simoentaque testor) Aeneae mihi cura tui", + "en": "Nor less on land'I call Xanthus and Simois to witness'has my care been for Aeneas." + }, + { + "id": 18344, + "la": "cum Troa Achilles exanimata sequens impingeret agmina muris, milia multa daret leto, gemerentque repleti amnes nec reperire viam atque evolvere posset in mare se Xanthus, Pelidae tunc ego forti congressum Aenean nec dis nec viribus aequis nube cava rapui, cuperem cum vertere ab imo structa meis manibus periurae moenia Troiae", + "en": "When Achilles in his pursuit hurled the Trojan bands in panic on their walls, and sent many thousands to death, when the choked rivers groaned, and Xanthus could not find his way or roll out to sea'then it was I who, in a hollow cloud, caught Aeneas, as he confronted the brave son of Peleus and neither the gods nor his strength were in his favour, even though I was eager to uproot from their base the walls of perjured Troy that my own hands had built." + }, + { + "id": 18345, + "la": "nunc quoque mens eadem perstat mihi; pelle timores", + "en": "Now, too, my purpose stands the same; dispel your fears." + }, + { + "id": 18346, + "la": "tutus, quos optas, portus accedet Averni", + "en": "In safety, as you pray, shall he reach the haven of Avernus." + }, + { + "id": 18347, + "la": "unus erit tantum, amissum quem gurgite quaeres; unum pro multis dabitur caput.", + "en": "One only shall there be whom, lost in the flood, you will seek in vain; one life shall be given for many" + }, + { + "id": 18348, + "la": "His ubi laeta deae permulsit pectora dictis, iungit equos auro Genitor spumantiaque addit frena feris manibusque omnis effundit habenas", + "en": "When with these words he had soothed to gladness the goddesss heart, the Sire yokes his wild steeds with gold, fastens their foaming bits, and lets all the reins stream freely in his hand;" + }, + { + "id": 18349, + "la": "caeruleo per summa levis volat aequora curru; subsidunt undae tumidumque sub axe tonanti sternitur aequor aquis; fugiunt vasto aethere nimbi", + "en": "then over the waters surface lightly he flies in azure car. The waves sink to rest, beneath the thundering axle the sea of swollen waters is smoothed, and the storm clouds vanish from the wide sky." + }, + { + "id": 18350, + "la": "tum variae comitum facies, immania cete, et senior Glauci chorus Inousque Palaemon Tritonesque citi Phorcique exercitus omnis;", + "en": "Then come the diverse forms of his train'monstrous whales, the aged company of Glaucus, with Inos son, Palaemon, the swift Tritons, and the whole host of Phorcus." + }, + { + "id": 18351, + "la": "laeva tenent Thetis et Melite Panopeaque virgo, Nesaee Spioque Thaliaque Cymodoceque", + "en": "Thetis and Melite keep the left, and maiden Panopea, Nesaea and Spio, Thalia and Cymodoce." + }, + { + "id": 18352, + "la": "Hic patris Aeneae suspensam blanda vicissim gaudia pertemptant mentem; iubet ocius omnis attolli malos, intendi bracchia velis", + "en": "At this, soothing joys in their turn thrill father Aeneas anxious heart. He bids all the masts be raised with speed and the yards spread with sails." + }, + { + "id": 18353, + "la": "una omnes fecere pedem pariterque sinistros, nunc dextros solvere sinus; una ardua torquent cornua detorquentque; ferunt sua flamina classem", + "en": "Together all set the sheets, and all at once, now to the left and now to the right, they let out the canvas; together they turn to and fro the yardarms aloft; favouring breezes bear on the fleet." + }, + { + "id": 18354, + "la": "princeps ante omnis densum Palinurus agebat agmen; ad hunc alii cursum contendere iussi", + "en": "First before all, leading the close column, was Palinurus; by him the rest are bidden to shape their course." + }, + { + "id": 18355, + "la": "iamque fere mediam caeli Nox umida metam contigerat; placida laxabant membra quiete sub remis fusi per dura sedilia nautae: cum levis aetheriis delapsus Somnus ab astris ara dimovit tenebrosum et dispulit umbras, te, Palinure, petens, tibi somnia tristia portans insonti; puppique deus consedit in alta, Phorbanti similis, funditque has ore loquelas: Iaside Palinure, ferunt ipsa aequora classem, aequatae spirant aurae, datur hora quieti", + "en": "And now dewy Night had just reached its mid-goal in heaven; the sailors, stretched on their hard benches under the oars, relaxed their limbs in quiet rest; when Sleep, sliding lightly down from the stars of heaven, parted the dusky air and cleft the gloom, seeking you, Palinurus, and bringing you baleful dreams, guiltless one! There on the high stern sat the god, in semblance of Phorbas, and pours these accents from his lips: Palinurus, son of Iasus, the seas of themselves bear on the fleet; the breezes breathe steadily; the hour is given to rest." + }, + { + "id": 18356, + "la": "pone caput fessosque oculos furare labori", + "en": "Lay down your head and steal your weary eyes from toil." + }, + { + "id": 18357, + "la": "ipse ego paulisper pro te tua munera inibo.", + "en": "I myself for a space will take your duty in your stead." + }, + { + "id": 18358, + "la": "cui vix attollens Palinurus lumina fatur: mene salis placidi vultum fluctusque quietos ignorare iubes? mene huic confidere monstro? Aenean credam quid enim fallacibus auris, et caeli totiens deceptus fraude sereni? talia dicta dabat clavumque adfixus et haerens nusquam amittebat oculosque sub astra tenebat", + "en": "To him, scarce lifting his eyes, speaks Palinurus: Me do you bid shut my eyes to the seas calm face and peaceful waves? Me put faith in this monster? And Aeneas'why, indeed, am I to trust him to the treacherous breezes, I whom a clear sky has so often deceived? Such words he said and, clinging fast to the tiller, never let loose his hold, and kept his eyes upturned to the stars." + }, + { + "id": 18359, + "la": "ecce deus ramum Lethaeo rore madentem vique soporatum Stygia super utraque quassat tempora, cunctantique natantia lumina solvit", + "en": "But lo! the god, shaking over his temples a bough dripping with Lethes dew and steeped in the drowsy might of Styx, despite his efforts relaxes his swimming eyes." + }, + { + "id": 18360, + "la": "vix primos inopina quies laxaverat artus, et super incumbens cum puppis parte revulsa cumque gubernaclo liquidas proiecit in undas praecipitem ac socios nequiquam saepe vocantem; ipse volans tenuis se sustulit ales ad auras", + "en": "Hardly had a sudden slumber begun to unbend his limbs when, leaning above, Sleep flung him headlong into the clear waters, tearing away, as he fell, the helm and part of the stern, and calling vainly on his comrades again and again. The god himself winged his way in flight to the thin air above." + }, + { + "id": 18361, + "la": "currit iter tutum non setius aequore classis promissisque patris Neptuni interrita fertur", + "en": "None the less the fleet speeds safely on its course over the sea and, trusting in Father Neptunes promises, glides on unafraid." + }, + { + "id": 18362, + "la": "iamque adeo scopulos Sirenum advecta subibat, difficilis quondam multorumque ossibus albos, (tum rauca adsiduo longe sale saxa sonabant), cum pater amisso fluitantem errare magistro sensit et ipse ratem nocturnis rexit in undis, multa gemens casuque animum concussus amici: o nimium caelo et pelago confise sereno, nudus in ignota, Palinure, iacebis harena", + "en": "And now, onward borne, it was nearing the cliffs of the Sirens, perilous of old and white with the bones of many men'at this time with the ceaseless surf the rocks afar were booming hoarsely'when the sire found that his ship was drifting aimlessly, her pilot lost, and himself steered her amid the waves of night, often sighing and stunned at heart by his friends mischance. Ah, too trustful in the calm of sky and sea, naked you will lie, Palinurus, on an unknown strand!" + }, + { + "id": 18363, + "la": "Sic fatur lacrimans classique immittit habenas, et tandem Euboicis Cumarum adlabitur oris", + "en": "Thus he cries weeping, and gives his fleet the reins, and at last glides up to the shores of Euboean Cumae." + }, + { + "id": 18364, + "la": "obvertunt pelago proras, tum dente tenaci ancora fundabat navis, et litora curvae praetexunt puppes", + "en": "They turn the prows seaward, then with the grip of anchors teeth made fast the ships, and the round keels fringe the beach." + }, + { + "id": 18365, + "la": "iuvenum manus emicat ardens litus in Hesperium; quaerit pars semina flammae abstrusa in venis silicis, pars densa ferarum tecta rapit silvas, inventaque flumina monstrat", + "en": "In hot haste the youthful band leaps forth on the Hesperian shore; some seek the seeds of flame hidden in veins of flint, some despoil the woods, the thick coverts of game, and point to new-found streams." + }, + { + "id": 18366, + "la": "at pius Aeneas arces, quibus altus Apollo praesidet, horrendaeque procul secreta Sibyllae, antrum immane, petit, magnam cui mentem animumque Delius inspirat vates aperitque futura", + "en": "But loyal Aeneas seeks the heights, where Apollo sits enthroned, 1 and a vast cavern hard by, hidden haunt of the dread Sibyl, into whom the Delian seer breathes a mighty mind and soul, revealing the future." + }, + { + "id": 18367, + "la": "iam subeunt Triviae lucos atque aurea tecta", + "en": "Now they pass under the grove of Trivia and the roof of gold." + }, + { + "id": 18368, + "la": "Daedalus, ut fama est, fugiens Minoia regna, praepetibus pinnis ausus se credere caelo, insuetum per iter gelidas enavit ad Arctos Chalcidicaque levis tandem super adstitit arce", + "en": "Daedalus, it is said, when fleeing from Minos realm, dared on swift wings to trust himself to the sky; on his unwonted way he floated forth towards the cold North, and at last stood lightly poised above the Chalcidian hill." + }, + { + "id": 18369, + "la": "redditus his primum terris tibi, Phoebe, sacravit remigium alarum posuitque immania templa", + "en": "Here first restored to earth, he dedicated to thee, Phoebus, the oarage of his wings and built a vast temple." + }, + { + "id": 18370, + "la": "in foribus letum Androgeo; tum pendere poenas Cecropidae iussi, miserum! septena quotannis corpora natorum; stat ductis sortibus urna", + "en": "On the doors is the death of Androgeos; then the children of Cecrops, bidden, alas, to pay as yearly tribute seven living sons; there stands the urn, the lots now drawn." + }, + { + "id": 18371, + "la": "contra elata mari respondet Cnosia tellus: hic crudelis amor tauri suppostaque furto Pasiphae mixtumque genus prolesque biformis Minotaurus inest, Veneris monumenta nefandae; hic labor ille domus et inextricabilis error; magnum reginae sed enim miseratus amorem Daedalus ipse dolos tecti ambagesque resolvit, caeca regens filo vestigia", + "en": "Opposite, rising from the sea, the Cretan land faces this; here is the cruel love of the bull, Pasipha craftily mated, and the mongrel breed of the Minotaur, a hybrid offspring, record of monstrous love; there that house of toil, a maze inextricable; but Daedalus, pitying the princesss great love, himself unwound the deceptive tangle of the palace, guiding blind feet with the thread." + }, + { + "id": 18372, + "la": "tu quoque magnam partem opere in tanto, sineret dolor, Icare, haberes; bis conatus erat casus effingere in auro, bis patriae cecidere manus", + "en": "You, too, Icarus, would have large share in such a work, did grief permit: twice had he essayed to fashion your fall in gold; twice sank the fathers hands." + }, + { + "id": 18373, + "la": "quin protinus omnia perlegerent oculis, ni iam praemissus Achates adforet atque una Phoebi Triviaeque sacerdos, Deiphobe Glauci, fatur quae talia regi: non hoc ista sibi tempus spectacula poscit: nunc grege de intacto septem mactare iuvencos praestiterit, totidem lectas de more bidentis.", + "en": "Ay, and all the tale throughout would their eyes have scanned, but now came Achates from his errand, and with him the priestess of Phoebus and Trivia, Deiphobe, daughter of Glaucus, who thus addresses the king: Not sights like these does this hour demand! Now it were better to sacrifice seven bullocks from the unbroken herd, and as many ewes fitly chosen." + }, + { + "id": 18374, + "la": "talibus adfata Aenean (nec sacra morantur iussa viri) Teucros vocat alta in templa sacerdos", + "en": "Having thus addressed Aeneas'and not slow are the men to do her sacred bidding'the priestess calls the Teucrians into the lofty fane." + }, + { + "id": 18375, + "la": "Excisum Euboicae latus ingens rupis in antrum, quo lati ducunt aditus centum, ostia centum, unde ruunt totidem voces, responsa Sibyllae", + "en": "The huge side of the Euboean rock is hewn into a cavern, into which lead a hundred wide mouths, a hundred gateways, from which rush as many voices, the answers of the Sibyl." + }, + { + "id": 18376, + "la": "ventum erat ad limen, cum virgo, poscere fata tempus ait: deus, ecce, deus! cui talia fanti ante fores subito non vultus, non color unus, non comptae mansere comae, sed pectus anhelum, et rabie fera corda tument, maiorque videri nec mortale sonans, adflata est numine quando iam propiore dei", + "en": "They had come to the threshold, when the maiden cries: Tis time to ask the oracles; the god, lo! the god! As thus she spoke before the doors, suddenly not countenance nor colour was the same, nor stayed her tresses braided; but her bosom heaves, her heart swells with wild frenzy, and she is taller to behold, nor has her voice a mortal ring, since now she feels the nearer breath of deity." + }, + { + "id": 18377, + "la": "cessas in vota precesque, Tros, ait, Aenea? cessas? neque enim ante dehiscent attonitae magna ora domus.", + "en": "Are you slow to vow and to pray? she cries. Are you slow, Trojan Aeneas? For till then the mighty mouths of the awestruck house will not gape open." + }, + { + "id": 18378, + "la": "et talia fata conticuit", + "en": "So she spoke and was mute." + }, + { + "id": 18379, + "la": "gelidus Teucris per dura cucurrit ossa tremor, funditque preces rex pectore ab imo: Phoebe, gravis Troiae semper miserate labores, Dardana qui Paridis derexti tela manusque corpus in Aeacidae, magnas obeuntia terras tot maria intravi duce te penitusque repostas Massylum gentes praetentaque Syrtibus arva; iam tandem Italiae fugientis prendimus oras; hac Troiana tenus fuerit fortuna secuta", + "en": "A chill shudder ran through the Teucrians sturdy frames, and their king pours forth prayers from his inmost heart: Phoebus, who never failed to pity Troys sore agony, who guided the Dardan shaft and hand of Paris against the body of Aeacus son, under your guidance did I enter so many seas, skirting mighty lands, the far remote Massylian tribes, and fields the Syrtes fringe; now at last is Italys ever receding shore within our grasp; thus far only may Troys fortune have followed us!" + }, + { + "id": 18380, + "la": "vos quoque Pergameae iam fas est parcere genti, dique deaeque omnes, quibus obstitit Ilium et ingens gloria Dardaniae", + "en": "You, too, may now fitly spare the race of Pergamus, you gods and goddesses all, to whom Troy and Dardanias great glory were an offence." + }, + { + "id": 18381, + "la": "tuque, o sanctissima vates, praescia venturi, da (non indebita posco regna meis fatis) Latio considere Teucros errantisque deos agitataque numina Troiae", + "en": "And you, most holy prophetess, who foreknow the future, grant'I ask no realm unpledged by my fate'that the Teucrians may rest in Latium, with the wandering gods and storm-tossed powers of Troy." + }, + { + "id": 18382, + "la": "tum Phoebo et Triviae solido de marmore templum instituam festosque dies de nomine Phoebi", + "en": "Then to Phoebus and Trivia will I set up a temple of solid marble, and festal days in Phoebus name." + }, + { + "id": 18383, + "la": "te quoque magna manent regnis penetralia nostris", + "en": "You also a stately shrine awaits in our realm;" + }, + { + "id": 18384, + "la": "hic ego namque tuas sortes arcanaque fata dicta meae genti ponam, lectosque sacrabo, alma, viros", + "en": "for here I will place your oracles and mystic utterances, told to my people, and ordain chosen men, O gracious one." + }, + { + "id": 18385, + "la": "foliis tantum ne carmina manda, ne turbata volent rapidis ludibria ventis; ipsa canas oro.", + "en": "Only trust not your verses to leaves, lest they fly in disorder, the sport of rushing winds; chant them yourself, I pray." + }, + { + "id": 18386, + "la": "finem dedit ore loquendi", + "en": "His lips ceased speaking." + }, + { + "id": 18387, + "la": "At Phoebi nondum patiens, immanis in antro bacchatur vates, magnum si pectore possit excussisse deum; tanto magis ille fatigat os rabidum, fera corda domans, fingitque premendo", + "en": "But the prophetess, not yet brooking the sway of Phoebus, storms wildly in the cavern, if so she may shake the mighty god from her breast; so much the more he tires her raving mouth, tames her wild heart, and moulds her by constraint." + }, + { + "id": 18388, + "la": "ostia iamque domus patuere ingentia centum sponte sua vatisque ferunt responsa per auras: o tandem magnis pelagi defuncte periclis (sed terrae graviora manent), in regna Lavini Dardanidae venient (mitte hanc de pectore curam); sed non et venisse volent", + "en": "And now the hundred mighty mouths of the house have opened of their own will, and bring through the air the seers reply: O you that have at length survived the great perils of the sea'yet by land more grievous woes lie in wait'into the realm of Lavinium the sons of Dardanus shall come, relieve your heart of this care. Yet they shall not also rejoice in their coming." + }, + { + "id": 18389, + "la": "bella, horrida bella et Thybrim multo spumantem sanguine cerno", + "en": "Wars, grim wars I see, and the Tiber foaming with streams of blood." + }, + { + "id": 18390, + "la": "non Simois tibi nec Xanthus nec Dorica castra defuerint; alius Latio iam partus Achilles, natus et ipse dea; nec Teucris addita Iuno usquam aberit, cum tu supplex in rebus egenis quas gentes Italum aut quas non oraveris urbes! causa mali tanti coniunx iterum hospita Teucris externique iterum thalami", + "en": "You will not lack a Simois, nor a Xanthus, nor a Doric camp. Even now in Latium a new Achilles has been born, himself a goddesss son; nor shall Juno anywhere fail to dog the Trojans, while you, a suppliant in your need, what races, what cities of Italy will you not implore! The cause of all this Trojan woe is again an alien bride, again a foreign marriage!" + }, + { + "id": 18391, + "la": "tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito, qua tua te Fortuna sinet", + "en": "Yield not to ills, but go forth all the bolder to face them as far as your destiny will allow!" + }, + { + "id": 18392, + "la": "via prima salutis, quod minime reris, Graia pandetur ab urbe.", + "en": "The road to safety, little though you think it, shall first issue from a Grecian city." + }, + { + "id": 18393, + "la": "Talibus ex adyto dictis Cumaea Sibylla horrendas canit ambages antroque remugit, obscuris vera involvens; ea frena furenti concutit et stimulos sub pectore vertit Apollo", + "en": "In these words the Cumaean Sibyl chants from the shrine her dread enigmas and booms from the cavern, wrapping truth in darkness'so does Apollo shake the reins as she rages, and ply the goad beneath her breast." + }, + { + "id": 18394, + "la": "ut primum cessit furor et rabida ora quierunt, incipit Aeneas heros: non ulla laborum, o virgo, nova mi facies inopinave surgit; omnia praecepi atque animo mecum ante peregi", + "en": "As soon as the frenzy ceased and the raving lips were hushed, Aeneas the hero begins: For me no form of toils arises, O maiden, strange or unlooked for; all this have I foreseen and debated in my mind." + }, + { + "id": 18395, + "la": "unum oro: quando hic inferni ianua regis dicitur et tenebrosa palus Acheronte refuso, ire ad conspectum cari genitoris et ora contingat; doceas iter et sacra ostia pandas", + "en": "One thing I pray: since here is the famed gate of the nether king, and the gloomy marsh from Acherons overflow, be it granted me to pass into my dear fathers sight and presence; show the way and open the hallowed portals!" + }, + { + "id": 18396, + "la": "illum ego per flammas et mille sequentia tela eripui his umeris medioque ex hoste recepi; ille meum comitatus iter maria omnia mecum atque omnis pelagique minas caelique ferebat, invalidus, vires ultra sortemque senectae", + "en": "Amid flames and a thousand pursuing spears, I rescued him on these shoulders, and brought him safe from the enemys midst. He, the partner of my journey, endured with me all the seas and all the menace of ocean and sky, weak as he was, beyond the strength and portion of age." + }, + { + "id": 18397, + "la": "quin, ut te supplex peterem et tua limina adirem, idem orans mandata dabat", + "en": "He it was who prayed and charged me humbly to seek you and draw near to your threshold." + }, + { + "id": 18398, + "la": "gnatique patrisque, alma, precor, miserere; potes namque omnia, nec te nequiquam lucis Hecate praefecit Avernis", + "en": "Pity both son and sire, I beseech you, gracious one; for you are all-powerful, and not in vain did Hecate make you mistress in the groves of Avernus." + }, + { + "id": 18399, + "la": "si potuit Manis accersere coniugis Orpheus Threicia fretus cithara fidibusque canoris; si fratrem Pollux alterna morte redemit itque reditque viam totiens'quid Thesea, magnum quid memorem Alciden?'et mi genus ab Iove summo.", + "en": "If Orpheus availed to summon his wifes shade, strong in his Thracian lyre and tuneful strings; if Pollux, dying in turn, ransomed his brother and so many times comes and goes his way'why speak of Theseus, why of Hercules the mighty'I, too, have descent from Jove most high!" + }, + { + "id": 18400, + "la": "Talibus orabat dictis arasque tenebat, cum sic orsa loqui vates: sate sanguine divum, Tros Anchisiade, facilis descensus Averno: noctes atque dies patet atri ianua Ditis; sed revocare gradum superasque evadere ad auras, hoc opus, hic labor est", + "en": "In such words he prayed and clasped the altar, when thus the prophetess began to speak: Sprung from blood of gods, son of Trojan Anchises, easy is the descent to Avernus: night and day the door of gloomy Dis stands open; but to recall ones steps and pass out to the upper air, this is the task, this the toil!" + }, + { + "id": 18401, + "la": "pauci, quos aequus amavit Iuppiter aut ardens evexit ad aethera virtus, dis geniti potuere", + "en": "Some few, whom kindly Jupiter has loved, or shining worth uplifted to heaven, sons of the gods, have availed." + }, + { + "id": 18402, + "la": "tenent media omnia silvae, Cocytusque sinu labens circumvenit atro", + "en": "In all the mid-space lie woods, and Cocytus girds it, gliding with murky folds." + }, + { + "id": 18403, + "la": "quod si tantus amor menti, si tanta cupido est bis Stygios innare lacus, bis nigra videre Tartara, et insano iuvat indulgere labori, accipe quae peragenda prius", + "en": "But if such love is in your heart'if such a yearning, twice to swim the Stygian lake, twice to see black Tartarus'and if you are pleased to give rein to the mad endeavour, hear what must first be done." + }, + { + "id": 18404, + "la": "latet arbore opaca aureus et foliis et lento vimine ramus, Iunoni infernae dictus sacer; hunc tegit omnis lucus et obscuris claudunt convallibus umbrae", + "en": "There lurks in a shady tree a bough, golden in leaf and pliant stem, held consecrate to nether Juno; this all the grove hides, and shadows veil in the dim valleys." + }, + { + "id": 18405, + "la": "sed non ante datur telluris operta subire, auricomos quam quis decerpserit arbore fetus", + "en": "But it is not given to pass beneath earths hidden places, before someone has plucked from the tree the golden-tressed fruitage." + }, + { + "id": 18406, + "la": "hoc sibi pulchra suum ferri Proserpina munus instituit; primo avulso non deficit alter aureus, et simili frondescit virga metallo", + "en": "This has beautiful Proserpine ordained to be borne to her as her own gift. When the first is torn away, a second fails not, golden too, and the spray bears leaf of the selfsame ore." + }, + { + "id": 18407, + "la": "ergo alte vestiga oculis et rite repertum carpe manu; namque ipse volens facilisque sequetur, si te fata vocant; aliter non viribus ullis vincere nec duro poteris convellere ferro", + "en": "Search then with eyes aloft and, when found, duly pluck it with your hand; for of itself will it follow you, freely and with ease, if Fate be calling you; else with no force will you avail to win it or rend it with hard steel." + }, + { + "id": 18408, + "la": "praeterea iacet exanimum tibi corpus amici (heu! nescis) totamque incestat funere classem, dum consulta petis nostroque in limine pendes", + "en": "Moreover, there lies the dead body of your friend'ah, you know it not!'and defiles all the fleet with death, while you seek counsel and hover on our threshold." + }, + { + "id": 18409, + "la": "sedibus hunc refer ante suis et conde sepulcro", + "en": "Bear him first to his own place and hide him in the tomb." + }, + { + "id": 18410, + "la": "duc nigras pecudes; ea prima piacula sunto", + "en": "Lead black cattle; be these your first peace offerings." + }, + { + "id": 18411, + "la": "sic demum lucos Stygis et regna invia vivis aspicies.", + "en": "Only so will you survey the Stygian groves and realms the living may not tread." + }, + { + "id": 18412, + "la": "dixit pressoque obmutuit ore", + "en": "She spoke, and with closed lips was silent." + }, + { + "id": 18413, + "la": "Aeneas maesto defixus lumina vultu ingreditur, linquens antrum, caecosque volutat eventus animo secum", + "en": "With sad countenance and downcast eyes, Aeneas wends his way, quitting the cavern, and ponders in his mind the dark issues." + }, + { + "id": 18414, + "la": "cui fidus Achates it comes et paribus curis vestigia figit", + "en": "At his side goes loyal Achates, and plants his steps under a like load of care." + }, + { + "id": 18415, + "la": "multa inter sese vario sermone serebant, quem socium exanimem vates, quod corpus humandum diceret", + "en": "Much varied discourse were they weaving, each with each'of what dead comrade spoke the soothsayer, of what body for burial?" + }, + { + "id": 18416, + "la": "atque illi Misenum in litore sicco, ut venere, vident indigna morte peremptum, Misenum Aeoliden, quo non praestantior alter aere ciere viros Martemque accendere cantu", + "en": "And as they came, they see on the dry beach Misenus, cut off by untimely death'Misenus, son of Aeolus, surpassed by none in stirring men with his bugles blare, and in kindling with his clang the god of war." + }, + { + "id": 18417, + "la": "Hectoris hic magni fuerat comes, Hectora circum et lituo pugnas insignis obibat et hasta", + "en": "He had been great Hectors comrade, at Hectors side he braved the fray, glorious for clarion and spear alike;" + }, + { + "id": 18418, + "la": "postquam illum vita victor spoliavit Achilles, Dardanio Aeneae sese fortissimus heros addiderat socium, non inferiora secutus", + "en": "but when Achilles, victorious, stripped his chief of life, the valiant hero came into the fellowship of Dardan Aeneas, following no meaner standard." + }, + { + "id": 18419, + "la": "sed tum, forte cava dum personat aequora concha, demens, et cantu vocat in certamina divos, aemulus exceptum Triton, si credere dignum est, inter saxa virum spumosa immerserat unda", + "en": "Yet on that day, while by chance he made the seas ring with his hollow shell'madman'and with his blare calls the gods to contest, jealous Triton, if the tale can win belief, caught and plunged him in the foaming waves amid the rocks." + }, + { + "id": 18420, + "la": "ergo omnes magno circum clamore fremebant, praecipue pius Aeneas", + "en": "So, with loud lament, all were mourning round him, good Aeneas foremost." + }, + { + "id": 18421, + "la": "tum iussa Sibyllae, haud mora, festinant flentes aramque sepulcri congerere arboribus caeloque educere certant", + "en": "Then, weeping, they quickly carry out the Sibyls commands, and toil to pile up trees for the altar of his tomb and rear it to the sky." + }, + { + "id": 18422, + "la": "itur in antiquam silvam, stabula alta ferarum; procumbunt piceae, sonat icta securibus ilex fraxineaeque trabes cuneis et fissile robur scinditur, advolvunt ingentis montibus ornos", + "en": "They pass into the forest primeval, the deep lairs of beasts; down drop the pitchy pines, and the ilex rings to the stroke of the axe; ashen logs and splintering oak are cleft with wedges, and from the mountains they roll down huge ash trees." + }, + { + "id": 18423, + "la": "Nec non Aeneas opera inter talia primus hortatur socios paribusque accingitur armis", + "en": "No less Aeneas, first amid such toils, cheers his comrades and girds on like weapons." + }, + { + "id": 18424, + "la": "atque haec ipse suo tristi cum corde volutat, aspectans silvam immensam, et sic forte precatur: si nunc se nobis ille aureus arbore ramus ostendat nemore in tanto! quando omnia vere heu nimium de te vates, Misene, locuta est.", + "en": "And alone he ponders with his own sad heart, gazing on the boundless forest, and, as it chanced, thus prays: O if now that golden bough would show itself to us on the tree in the deep wood! For all things truly'ah, too truly'did the seer say of you, Misenus." + }, + { + "id": 18425, + "la": "vix ea fatus erat, geminae cum forte columbae ipsa sub ora viri caelo venere volantes et viridi sedere solo", + "en": "Scarce had he said these words when under his very eyes twin doves, as it chanced, came flying from the sky and lit on the green grass." + }, + { + "id": 18426, + "la": "tum maximus heros maternas agnovit aves laetusque precatur: este duces o, si qua via est, cursumque per auras derigite in lucos, ubi pinguem dives opacat ramus humum", + "en": "Then the great hero knew them for his mothers birds, and prays with joy: Be my guides, if any way there be, and through the air steer a course into the grove, where the rich bough overshades the fruitful ground!" + }, + { + "id": 18427, + "la": "tuque o, dubiis ne defice rebus, diva parens.", + "en": "And you, goddess-mother, fail not my dark hour!" + }, + { + "id": 18428, + "la": "sic effatus vestigia pressit, observans, quae signa ferant, quo tendere pergant", + "en": "So speaking, he checked his steps, marking what signs they bring, where they direct their course." + }, + { + "id": 18429, + "la": "pascentes illae tantum prodire volando, quantum acie possent oculi servare sequentum", + "en": "As they fed, they advanced in flight just so far as a pursuers eyes could keep them within sight;" + }, + { + "id": 18430, + "la": "inde ubi venere ad fauces grave olentis Averni, tollunt se celeres liquidumque per ara lapsae sedibus optatis geminae super arbore sidunt, discolor unde auri per ramos aura refulsit", + "en": "then, when they came to the jaws of noisome Avernus, they swiftly rise and, dropping through the unclouded air, perch side by side on their chosen goal'a tree, through whose branches flashed the contrasting glimmer of gold." + }, + { + "id": 18431, + "la": "quale solet silvis brumali frigore viscum fronde virere nova, quod non sua seminat arbos, et croceo fetu teretis circumdare truncos: talis erat species auri frondentis opaca ilice, sic leni crepitabat brattea vento", + "en": "As in winters cold, amid the woods, the mistletoe, sown of an alien tree, is wont to bloom with strange leafage, and with yellow fruit embrace the shapely stems: such was the vision of the leafy gold on the shadowy ilex, so rustled the foil in the gentle breeze." + }, + { + "id": 18432, + "la": "corripit Aeneas extemplo avidusque refringit cunctantem, et vatis portat sub tecta Sibyllae", + "en": "Forthwith Aeneas plucks it and greedily breaks off the clinging bough, and carries it beneath the roof of the prophetic Sibyl." + }, + { + "id": 18433, + "la": "Nec minus interea Misenum in litore Teucri flebant, et cineri ingrato suprema ferebant", + "en": "No less meanwhile on the beach the Teucrians were weeping for Misenus and paying the last dues to the thankless dust." + }, + { + "id": 18434, + "la": "principio pinguem taedis et robore secto ingentem struxere pyram, cui frondibus atris intexunt latera, et feralis ante cupressos constituunt, decorantque super fulgentibus armis", + "en": "And first they raise a huge pyre, rich with pitchy pine and oaken logs. Its sides they entwine with somber foliage, set in front funereal cypresses, and adorn it above with gleaming arms." + }, + { + "id": 18435, + "la": "pars calidos latices et ana undantia flammis expediunt, corpusque lavant frigentis et ungunt", + "en": "Some heat water, setting cauldrons bubbling on the flames, and wash and anoint the cold body." + }, + { + "id": 18436, + "la": "fit gemitus", + "en": "Loud is the wailing;" + }, + { + "id": 18437, + "la": "tum membra toro defleta reponunt purpureasque super vestes, velamina nota, coniciunt", + "en": "then, their weeping done, they lay his limbs upon the couch, and over them cast purple robes, the familiar dress." + }, + { + "id": 18438, + "la": "pars ingenti subiere feretro, triste ministerium, et subiectam more parentum aversi tenuere facem", + "en": "Some shouldered the heavy bier'sad ministry'and in ancestral fashion, with averted eyes, held the torch below." + }, + { + "id": 18439, + "la": "congesta cremantur turea dona, dapes, fuso crateres olivo", + "en": "The gifts are piled up in the blaze'frankincense, viands, and bowls of flowing oil." + }, + { + "id": 18440, + "la": "postquam conlapsi cineres et flamma quievit, reliquias vino et bibulam lavere favillam, ossaque lecta cado texit Corynaeus aeno", + "en": "After the ashes fell in and the flame died away, they washed with wine the remnant of thirsty dust, and Corynaeus, gathering the bones, hid them in a brazen urn." + }, + { + "id": 18441, + "la": "idem ter socios pura circumtulit unda, spargens rore levi et ramo felicis olivae, lustravitque viros, dixitque novissima verba", + "en": "He, too, with pure water thrice encircled his comrades and cleansed them, sprinkling light dew from a fruitful olive bough, and spoke the words of farewell." + }, + { + "id": 18442, + "la": "at pius Aeneas ingenti mole sepulcrum imponit, suaque arma viro remumque tubamque, monte sub ario, qui nunc Misenus ab illo dicitur, aeternumque tenet per saecula nomen", + "en": "But loyal Aeneas heaps over him a massive tomb, with the soldiers own arms, his oar and trumpet, beneath a lofty hill, which now from him is called Misenus, and keeps from age to age an ever living name." + }, + { + "id": 18443, + "la": "His actis propere exsequitur praecepta Sibyllae", + "en": "This done, he fulfils with haste the Sibyls behest." + }, + { + "id": 18444, + "la": "spelunca alta fuit vastoque immanis hiatu, scrupea, tuta lacu nigro nemorumque tenebris, quam super haud ullae poterant impune volantes tendere iter pinnis: talis sese halitus atris faucibus effundens supera ad convexa ferebat unde locum Grai dixerunt nomine Aornum", + "en": "A deep cave there was, yawning wide and vast, of jagged rock, and sheltered by dark lake and woodland gloom, over which no flying creatures could safely wing their way; such a vapour from those black jaws was wafted to the vaulted sky whence the Greeks spoke of Avernus, the Birdless Place." + }, + { + "id": 18445, + "la": "quattuor hic primum nigrantis terga iuvencos constituit, frontique invergit vina sacerdos, et summas carpens media inter cornua saetas ignibus imponit sacris, libamina prima, voce vocans Hecaten caeloque Ereboque potentem", + "en": "Here first the priestess set in line four dark-backed heifers, and pours wine upon their brows; then, plucking the topmost bristles from between the horns, lays them on the sacred fire for first offering, calling aloud on Hecate, supreme both in Heaven and in Hell." + }, + { + "id": 18446, + "la": "supponunt alii cultros tepidumque cruorem succipiunt pateris", + "en": "Others set knives to the throat and catch the warm blood in bowls." + }, + { + "id": 18447, + "la": "ipse atri velleris agnam Aeneas matri Eumenidum magnaeque sorori ense ferit sterilemque tibi, Proserpina, vaccam", + "en": "Aeneas himself slays with the sword a black-fleeced lamb to the mother of the Eumenides and her great sister, and to you, Proserpine, a barren heifer." + }, + { + "id": 18448, + "la": "tum Stygio regi nocturnas incohat aras et solida imponit taurorum viscera flammis, pingue super oleum fundens ardentibus extis", + "en": "Then for the Stygian king he inaugurates an altar by night, and lays upon the flames whole carcasses of bulls, pouring fat oil over the blazing entrails." + }, + { + "id": 18449, + "la": "ecce autem primi sub lumina solis et ortus sub pedibus mugire solum et iuga coepta moveri silvarum, visaeque canes ululare per umbram adventante dea", + "en": "But just before the rays and dawning of the early sun the ground rumbled underfoot, the wooded ridges began to quiver, and through the gloom dogs seemed to howl as the goddess drew nigh." + }, + { + "id": 18450, + "la": "procul o, procul este, profani, conclamat vates, totoque absistite luco; tuque invade viam vaginaque eripe ferrum: nunc animis opus, Aenea, nunc pectore firmo.", + "en": "Away! away! you that are uninitiated! shrieks the seer, withdraw from all the grove! And you, rush on the road and unsheathe your sword! Now, Aeneas, is the hour for courage, now for a dauntless heart!" + }, + { + "id": 18451, + "la": "tantum effata furens antro se immisit aperto; ille ducem haud timidis vadentem passibus aequat", + "en": "So much she said, and plunged madly into the opened cave; he, with fearless steps, keeps pace with his advancing guide." + }, + { + "id": 18452, + "la": "Di, quibus imperium est animarum, umbraeque silentes et Chaos et Phlegethon, loca nocte tacentia late, sit mihi fas audita loqui; sit numine vestro pandere res alta terra et caligine mersas", + "en": "You gods, who hold the domain of spirits! You voiceless shades! You, Chaos, and you, Phlegethon, you broad, hushed tracts of night! Suffer me to tell what I have heard; suffer me of your grace to unfold secrets buried in the depths and darkness of the earth!" + }, + { + "id": 18453, + "la": "Ibant obscuri sola sub nocte per umbram perque domos Ditis vacuas et inania regna, quale per incertam lunam sub luce maligna est iter in silvis, ubi caelum condidit umbra Iuppiter, et rebus nox abstulit atra colorem", + "en": "On they went dimly, beneath the lonely night amid the gloom, through the empty halls of Dis and his phantom realm, even as under the niggard light of a fitful moon lies a path in the forest, when Jupiter has buried the sky in shade, and black Night has stolen from the world her hues." + }, + { + "id": 18454, + "la": "vestibulum ante ipsum primisque in faucibus Orci Luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae, pallentesque habitant Morbi tristisque Senectus et Metus et malesuada Fames ac turpis Egestas, terribiles visu formae, Letumque Labosque: tum consanguineus Leti Sopor et mala mentis Gaudia, mortiferumque adverso in limine Bellum ferreique Eumenidum thalami et Discordia demens, vipereum crinem vittis innexa cruentis", + "en": "Just before the entrance, even within the very jaws of Hell, Grief and avenging Cares have set their bed; there pale Diseases dwell, sad Age, and Fear, and Hunger, temptress to sin, and loathly Want, shapes terrible to view; and Death and Distress; next, Deaths own brother Sleep, and the souls Guilty Joys, and, on the threshold opposite, the death-dealing War, and the Furies iron cells, and maddening Strife, her snaky locks entwined with bloody ribbons." + }, + { + "id": 18455, + "la": "In medio ramos annosaque bracchia pandit ulmus opaca, ingens, quam sedem Somnia vulgo vana tenere ferunt, foliisque sub omnibus haerent", + "en": "In the midst an elm, shadowy and vast, spreads her boughs and aged arms, the home which, men say, false Dreams hold, clinging under every leaf." + }, + { + "id": 18456, + "la": "multaque praeterea variarum monstra ferarum, Centauri in foribus stabulant Scyllaeque biformes et centumgeminus Briareus ac belua Lernae, horrendum stridens, flammisque armata Chimaera, Gorgones Harpyiaeque et forma tricorporis umbrae", + "en": "And many monstrous forms besides of various beasts are stalled at the doors, Centaurs and double-shaped Scyllas, and the hundredfold Briareus, and the beast of Lerna, hissing horribly, and the Chimaera armed with flame, Gorgons and Harpies, and the shape of the three-bodied shade." + }, + { + "id": 18457, + "la": "corripit hic subita trepidus formidine ferrum Aeneas, strictamque aciem venientibus offert; et, ni docta comes tenuis sine corpore vitas admoneat volitare cava sub imagine formae, inruat et frustra ferro diverberet umbras", + "en": "Here on a sudden, in trembling terror, Aeneas grasps his sword, and turns the naked edge against their coming; and did not his wise companion warn him that these were but faint, bodiless lives, flitting under a hollow semblance of form, he would rush upon them and vainly cleave shadows with steel." + }, + { + "id": 18458, + "la": "Hinc via, Tartarei quae fert Acherontis ad undas", + "en": "From here a road leads to the waters of Tartarean Acheron." + }, + { + "id": 18459, + "la": "turbidus hic caeno vastaque voragine gurges aestuat, atque omnem Cocyto eructat harenam", + "en": "Here, thick with mire and of fathomless flood, a whirlpool seethes and belches into Cocytus all its sand." + }, + { + "id": 18460, + "la": "portitor has horrendus aquas et flumina servat terribili squalore Charon, cui plurima mento canities inculta iacet, stant lumina flamma, sordidus ex umeris nodo dependet amictus", + "en": "A grim ferryman guards these waters and streams, terrible in his squalor'Charon, on whose chin lies a mass of unkempt, hoary hair; his eyes are staring orbs of flame; his squalid garb hangs by a knot from his shoulders." + }, + { + "id": 18461, + "la": "ipse ratem conto subigit velisque ministrat et ferruginea subvectat corpora cumba, iam senior, sed cruda deo viridisque senectus", + "en": "Unaided, he poles the boat, tends the sails, and in his murky craft convoys the dead'now aged, but a gods old age is hardy and green." + }, + { + "id": 18462, + "la": "huc omnis turba ad ripas effusa ruebat, matres atque viri, defunctaque corpora vita magnanimum heroum, pueri innuptaeque puellae impositique rogis iuvenes ante ora parentum: quam multa in silvis autumni frigore primo lapsa cadunt folia, aut ad terram gurgite ab alto quam multae glomerantur aves, ubi frigidus annus trans pontum fugat et terris immittit apricis", + "en": "Hither rushed all the throng, streaming to the banks; mothers and men and bodies of high-souled heroes, their life now done, boys and unwedded girls, and sons placed on the pyre before their fathers eyes; thick as the leaves of the forest that at autumns first frost drop and fall, and thick as the birds that from the seething deep flock shoreward, when the chill of the year drives them overseas and sends them into sunny lands." + }, + { + "id": 18463, + "la": "stabant orantes primi transmittere cursum tendebantque manus ripae ulterioris amore", + "en": "They stood, pleading to be the first ferried across, and stretched out hands in yearning for the farther shore." + }, + { + "id": 18464, + "la": "navita sed tristis nunc hos nunc accipit illos, ast alios longe submotos arcet harena", + "en": "But the surly boatman takes now these, now those, while others he thrusts away, back from the brink." + }, + { + "id": 18465, + "la": "Aeneas miratus enim motusque tumultu dic, ait, o virgo, quid vult concursus ad amnem? quidve petunt animae? vel quo discrimine ripas hae linquunt, illae remis vada livida verrunt? olli sic breviter fata est longaeva sacerdos: Anchisa generate, deum certissima proles, Cocyti stagna alta vides Stygiamque paludem, di cuius iurare timent et fallere numen", + "en": "Then aroused and amazed by the disorder, Aeneas cries: Tell me, maiden, what means the crowding to the river? What seek the spirits? By what rule do these leave the banks, and those sweep the lurid stream with oars? To him thus briefly spoke the aged priestess: Anchises son, true offspring of gods, you are looking at the deep pools of Cocytus and the Stygian marsh, by whose power the gods fear to swear falsely." + }, + { + "id": 18466, + "la": "haec omnis, quam cernis, inops inhumataque turba est; portitor ille Charon; hi, quos vehit unda, sepulti; nec ripas datur horrendas et rauca fluenta transportare prius quam sedibus ossa quierunt", + "en": "All this crowd that you see is helpless and graveless; yonder ferryman is Charon; those whom the flood carries are the buried. He may not carry them over the dreadful banks and hoarse-voiced waters until their bones have found a resting place." + }, + { + "id": 18467, + "la": "centum errant annos volitantque haec litora circum; tum demum admissi stagna exoptata revisunt.", + "en": "A hundred years they roam and flit about these shores; then only are they admitted and revisit the longed-for pools." + }, + { + "id": 18468, + "la": "constitit Anchisa satus et vestigia pressit, multa putans sortemque animo miseratus iniquam", + "en": "Anchises son paused and stayed his steps, pondering much, and pitying in his heart their unjust lot." + }, + { + "id": 18469, + "la": "cernit ibi maestos et mortis honore carentis Leucaspim et Lyciae ductorem classis Oronten, quos simul a Troia ventosa per aequora vectos obruit Auster, aqua involvens navemque virosque", + "en": "There he espies, doleful and reft of deaths honour, Leucaspis and Orontes, captain of the Lycian fleet, whom, while voyaging together from Troy over windy waters, the South Wind overwhelmed, engulfing alike ship and sailors." + }, + { + "id": 18470, + "la": "Ecce gubernator sese Palinurus agebat, qui Libyco nuper cursu, dum sidera servat, exciderat puppi mediis effusus in undis", + "en": "Lo! there passed the helmsman, Palinurus, who of late, on the Libyan voyage, while he marked the stars, had fallen from the stern, flung forth in the midst of the waves." + }, + { + "id": 18471, + "la": "hunc ubi vix multa maestum cognovit in umbra, sic prior adloquitur: quis te, Palinure, deorum eripuit nobis medioque sub aequore mersit? dic age", + "en": "Him, when at last amid the deep gloom he knew the sorrowful form, he first accosts thus: What god, Palinurus, tore you from us and plunged you beneath the open ocean? O tell me!" + }, + { + "id": 18472, + "la": "namque mihi, fallax haud ante repertus, hoc uno responso animum delusit Apollo, qui fore te ponto incolumem finisque canebat venturum Ausonios", + "en": "For Apollo, never before found false, with this one answer tricked my soul, for he foretold that you would escape the sea and reach Ausonian shores." + }, + { + "id": 18473, + "la": "en haec promissa fides est? ille autem: neque te Phoebi cortina fefellit, dux Anchisiade, nec me deus aequore mersit", + "en": "Is this how he keeps his promise? But he answered: Neither did tripod of Phoebus fail you, my captain, Anchises son, nor did a god plunge me in the deep." + }, + { + "id": 18474, + "la": "namque gubernaclum multa vi forte revulsum, cui datus haerebam custos cursusque regebam, praecipitans traxi mecum", + "en": "For by chance the helm to which I clung, steering our course, was violently torn from me, and as I fell headlong, I dragged it down with me." + }, + { + "id": 18475, + "la": "maria aspera iuro non ullum pro me tantum cepisse timorem, quam tua ne, spoliata armis, excussa magistro, deficeret tantis navis surgentibus undis", + "en": "By the rough seas I swear that not for myself did I feel such fear as for your ship, lest, stripped of its gear and deprived of its helmsman, it might fail amid such surging waves." + }, + { + "id": 18476, + "la": "tris Notus hibernas immensa per aequora noctes vexit me violentus aqua; vix lumine quarto prospexi Italiam summa sublimis ab unda", + "en": "Three stormy nights over the measureless seas the South Wind drove me wildly on the water; scarce on the fourth dawn, aloft on the crest of a wave, I sighted Italy." + }, + { + "id": 18477, + "la": "paulatim adnabam terrae; iam tuta tenebam, ni gens crudelis madida cum veste gravatum, prensantemque uncis manibus capita aspera montis, ferro invasisset praedamque ignara putasset", + "en": "Little by little I swam shoreward, and even now was grasping at safety, but as, weighted by dripping garb, I caught with bent fingers at the rugged cliff-spurs, the barbarous folk assailed me with the sword, in ignorance deeming me a prize." + }, + { + "id": 18478, + "la": "nunc me fluctus habet versantque in litore venti", + "en": "Now the wave holds me, and the winds toss me on the beach." + }, + { + "id": 18479, + "la": "quod te per caeli iucundum lumen et auras, per genitorem oro, per spes surgentis Iuli, eripe me his, invicte, malis: aut tu mihi terram inice (namque potes) portusque require Velinos; aut tu, si qua via est, si quam tibi diva creatrix ostendit (neque enim, credo, sine numine divum flumina tanta paras Stygiamque innare paludem), da dextram misero et tecum me tolle per undas, sedibus ut saltem placidis in morte quiescam.", + "en": "Oh, by heavens sweet light and air, I beseech you, by your father, by the rising hope of Iulus, snatch me from these woes, un-conquered one! Either cast earth on me, for that you can, by seeking again the haven of Velia; or if there be a way, if your goddess-mother shows you one'for not without divine favour, I believe, are you trying to sail these great streams and the Stygian mere'give your hand to one so unhappy, and take me with you across the waves, that at least in death I may find a quiet resting place!" + }, + { + "id": 18480, + "la": "Talia fatus erat, coepit cum talia vates: unde haec, o Palinure, tibi tam dira cupido? tu Stygias inhumatus aquas amnemque severum Eumenidum aspicies ripamve iniussus adibis? desine fata deum flecti sperare precando", + "en": "So had he spoken, and the soothsayer thus began: Whence, Palinurus, comes this wild longing of yours? Are you, unburied, to look upon the Stygian waters and the Furies stern river, and unbidden draw near the bank? Cease to dream that heavens decrees may be turned aside by prayer." + }, + { + "id": 18481, + "la": "sed cape dicta memor, duri solacia casus: nam tua finitimi, longe lateque per urbes prodigiis acti caelestibus, ossa piabunt et statuent tumulum et tumulo sollemnia mittent, aeternumque locus Palinuri nomen habebit.", + "en": "But hear and remember my words, to solace your hard lot; for the neighbouring people, in their cities far and wide, shall be driven by celestial portents to appease your dust, and shall build a tomb, and to the tomb pay solemn offerings; and for ever the place shall bear the name of Palinurus." + }, + { + "id": 18482, + "la": "his dictis curae emotae, pulsusque parumper corde dolor tristi; gaudet cognomine terra", + "en": "By these words his cares are dispelled and for a little space grief is driven from his anguished heart; the land rejoices in the name." + }, + { + "id": 18483, + "la": "Ergo iter inceptum peragunt fluvioque propinquant", + "en": "So they pursue the journey begun, and draw near to the river." + }, + { + "id": 18484, + "la": "navita quos iam inde ut Stygia prospexit ab unda per tacitum nemus ire pedemque advertere ripae, sic prior adgreditur dictis atque increpat ultro: quisquis es, armatus qui nostra ad flumina tendis, fare age, quid venias, iam istinc, et comprime gressum", + "en": "But when, even from the Stygian wave, the boatman saw them passing through the silent wood and turning their feet towards the bank, he first, unhailed, accosts and rebukes them: Whoever you are who come to our river in arms, tell me, even from there, why you come, and check your step." + }, + { + "id": 18485, + "la": "umbrarum hic locus est, Somni Noctisque soporae; corpora viva nefas Stygia vectare carina", + "en": "This is the land of Shadows, of Sleep and drowsy Night; living bodies I may not carry in the Stygian boat." + }, + { + "id": 18486, + "la": "nec vero Alciden me sum laetatus euntem accepisse lacu nec Thesea Pirithoumque, dis quamquam geniti atque invicti viribus essent", + "en": "And in truth it brought me no joy that I took Heracles on his journey over the lake, or Theseus and Pirithos, though sons of gods and invincible in valour." + }, + { + "id": 18487, + "la": "Tartareum ille manu custodem in vincla petivit, ipsius a solio regis, traxitque trementem; hi dominam Ditis thalamo deducere adorti.", + "en": "The one by force sought to drag into chains, even from the monarchs throne, the warder of Tartarus, and tore him off trembling; these essayed to carry off our queen from the chamber of Dis." + }, + { + "id": 18488, + "la": "quae contra breviter fata est Amphrysia vates: nullae hic insidiae tales (absiste moveri), nec vim tela ferunt; licet ingens ianitor antro aeternum latrans exsanguis terreat umbras; casta licet patrui servet Proserpina limen", + "en": "In answer the Amphrysian soothsayer spoke briefly: No such trickery is here; be not troubled; our weapons offer no force; the huge doorkeeper may from his cave with endless howl affright the bloodless shades; Proserpine may in purity keep within her uncles threshold." + }, + { + "id": 18489, + "la": "Troius Aeneas, pietate insignis et armis, ad genitorem imas Erebi descendit ad umbras", + "en": "Trojan Aeneas, famous for piety and arms, descends to his father, to the lowest shades of Erebus." + }, + { + "id": 18490, + "la": "si te nulla movet tantae pietatis imago, at ramum hunc (aperit ramum, qui veste latebat) agnoscas. tumida ex ira tum corda residunt", + "en": "If the picture of such piety in no wise moves you, yet know this bough'and she shows the bough, hidden in her robe. At this his swelling breast subsides from its anger." + }, + { + "id": 18491, + "la": "nec plura his", + "en": "No more is said;" + }, + { + "id": 18492, + "la": "ille admirans venerabile donum fatalis virgae, longo post tempore visum, caeruleam advertit puppim ripaeque propinquat", + "en": "but he, marvelling at the dread gift, the fateful wand so long unseen, turns his blue barge and nears the shore." + }, + { + "id": 18493, + "la": "inde alias animas, quae per iuga longa sedebant, deturbat laxatque foros; simul accipit alveo ingentem Aeneam", + "en": "Then other souls that sat on the long thwarts he routs out, and clears the gangways; at once he takes aboard giant Aeneas." + }, + { + "id": 18494, + "la": "gemuit sub pondere cumba sutilis et multam accepit rimosa paludem", + "en": "The seamy craft groaned under the weight, and through its chinks took in a marshy flood." + }, + { + "id": 18495, + "la": "tandem trans fluvium incolumis vatemque virumque informi limo glaucaque exponit in ulva", + "en": "At last, across the water, he lands seer and soldier unharmed on the ugly mire and grey sedge." + }, + { + "id": 18496, + "la": "Cerberus haec ingens latratu regna trifauci personat, adverso recubans immanis in antro", + "en": "These realms huge Cerberus makes ring with his triple-throated baying, his monstrous bulk crouching in a cavern opposite." + }, + { + "id": 18497, + "la": "cui vates, horrere videns iam colla colubris, melle soporatam et medicatis frugibus offam obicit", + "en": "To him, seeing the snakes now bristling on his necks, the seer flung a morsel drowsy with honey and drugged meal." + }, + { + "id": 18498, + "la": "ille fame rabida tria guttura pandens corripit obiectam, atque immania terga resolvit fusus humi totoque ingens extenditur antro", + "en": "He, opening his triple throat in ravenous hunger, catches it when thrown and, with monstrous frame relaxed, sinks to earth and stretches his bulk over all the den." + }, + { + "id": 18499, + "la": "occupat Aeneas aditum custode sepulto evaditque celer ripam inremeabilis undae", + "en": "The warder buried in sleep, Aeneas wins the entrance, and swiftly leaves the bank of that stream whence none return." + }, + { + "id": 18500, + "la": "Continuo auditae voces vagitus et ingens infantumque animae flentes, in limine primo quos dulcis vitae exsortis et ab ubere raptos abstulit atra dies et funere mersit acerbo", + "en": "At once are heard voices and wailing sore'the souls of infants weeping, whom, on the very threshold of the sweet life they shared not, torn from the breast, the black day swept off and plunged in bitter death." + }, + { + "id": 18501, + "la": "hos iuxta falso damnati crimine mortis", + "en": "Near them were those on false charge condemned to die." + }, + { + "id": 18502, + "la": "nec vero hae sine sorte datae, sine iudice, sedes: quaesitor Minos urnam movet; ille silentum consiliumque vocat, vitasque et crimina discit", + "en": "Yet not without lot, not without a judge, are these places given: Minos, presiding, shakes the urn; he it is who calls a conclave of the silent, and learns mens lives and misdeeds." + }, + { + "id": 18503, + "la": "proxima deinde tenent maesti loca, qui sibi letum insontes peperere manu lucemque perosi proiecere animas", + "en": "The region thereafter is held by those sad souls who in innocence wrought their own death and, loathing the light, flung away their lives." + }, + { + "id": 18504, + "la": "quam vellent aethere in alto nunc et pauperiem et duros perferre labores! fas obstat tristisque palus inamabilis undae alligat et noviens Styx interfusa coercet", + "en": "How gladly now, in the air above, would they bear both want and harsh distress! Fate withstands; the unlovely mere with its dreary water enchains them and Styx imprisons with his ninefold circles." + }, + { + "id": 18505, + "la": "Nec procul hinc partem fusi monstrantur in omnem Lugentes Campi; sic illos nomine dicunt", + "en": "Not far from here, outspread on every side, are shown the Mourning Fields; such is the name they bear." + }, + { + "id": 18506, + "la": "hic, quos durus amor crudeli tabe peredit, secreti celant calles et myrtea circum silva tegit; curae non ipsa in morte relinquunt", + "en": "Here those whom stern Love has consumed with cruel wasting are hidden in walks withdrawn, embowered in a myrtle grove; even in death the pangs leave them not." + }, + { + "id": 18507, + "la": "his Phaedram Procrinque locis maestamque Eriphylen, crudelis nati monstrantem vulnera, cernit, Euadnenque et Pasiphan; his Laodamia it comes et iuvenis quondam, nunc femina, Caeneus rursus et in veterem fato revoluta figuram", + "en": "In this region he sees Phaedra and Procris, and sad Eriphyle, pointing to the wounds her cruel son had dealt, and Evadne and Pasipha. With them goes Laodamia, and Caeneus, once a youth, now a woman, and again turned back by Fate into her form of old." + }, + { + "id": 18508, + "la": "inter quas Phoenissa recens a vulnere Dido errabat silva in magna", + "en": "Among them, with wound still fresh, Phoenician Dido was wandering in the great forest," + }, + { + "id": 18509, + "la": "quam Trous heros ut primum iuxta stetit agnovitque per umbras obscuram, qualem primo qui surgere mense aut videt aut vidisse putat per nubila lunam, demisit lacrimas dulcique adfatus amore est: infelix Dido, verus mihi nuntius ergo venerat exstinctam, ferroque extrema secutam? funeris heu! tibi causa fui? per sidera iuro, per superos, et si qua fides tellure sub ima est, invitus, regina, tuo de litore cessi", + "en": "and soon as the Trojan hero stood near and knew her, a dim form amid the shadows'even as, in the early month, one sees or fancies he has seen the moon rise amid the clouds'he shed tears, and spoke to her in tender love: Unhappy Dido! Was the tale true then that came to me, that you were dead and had sought your doom with the sword? Was I, alas! the cause of your death? By the stars I swear, by the world above, and whatever is sacred in the grave below, unwillingly, queen, I parted from your shores." + }, + { + "id": 18510, + "la": "sed me iussa deum, quae nunc has ire per umbras, per loca senta situ cogunt noctemque profundam, imperiis egere suis; nec credere quivi hunc tantum tibi me discessu ferre dolorem", + "en": "But the gods decrees, which now constrain me to pass through these shades, through lands squalid and forsaken, and through abysmal night, drove me with their behests; nor could I deem my going thence would bring on you distress so deep." + }, + { + "id": 18511, + "la": "siste gradum teque aspectu ne subtrahe nostro", + "en": "Stay your step and withdraw not from our view." + }, + { + "id": 18512, + "la": "quem fugis? extremum fato, quod te adloquor, hoc est.", + "en": "Whom do you flee? This is the last word Fate suffers me to say to you." + }, + { + "id": 18513, + "la": "talibus Aeneas ardentem et torva tuentem lenibat dictis animum lacrimasque ciebat", + "en": "With these words amid springing tears Aeneas strove to soothe the wrath of the fiery, fierce-eyed queen." + }, + { + "id": 18514, + "la": "illa solo fixos oculos aversa tenebat nec magis incepto vultum sermone movetur, quam si dura silex aut stet Marpesia cautes", + "en": "She, turning away, kept her looks fixed on the ground and no more changes her countenance as he essays to speak than if she were set in hard flint or Marpesian rock." + }, + { + "id": 18515, + "la": "tandem corripuit sese atque inimica refugit in nemus umbriferum, coniunx ubi pristinus illi respondet curis aequatque Sychaeus amorem", + "en": "At length she flung herself away and, still his foe, fled back to the shady grove, where Sychaeus, her lord of former days, responds to her sorrows and gives her love for love." + }, + { + "id": 18516, + "la": "nec minus Aeneas, casu percussus iniquo, prosequitur lacrimis longe et miseratur euntem", + "en": "Yet none the less, stricken by her unjust doom, Aeneas attends her with tears afar and pities her as she goes." + }, + { + "id": 18517, + "la": "Inde datum molitur iter", + "en": "Thence he toils along the way that offered itself." + }, + { + "id": 18518, + "la": "iamque arva tenebant ultima, quae bello clari secreta frequentant", + "en": "And now they gained the farthest fields, where the renowned in war dwell apart." + }, + { + "id": 18519, + "la": "hic illi occurrit Tydeus, hic inclutus armis Parthenopaeus et Adrasti pallentis imago", + "en": "Here Tydeus meets him; here Parthenopaeus, famed in arms, and the pale shade of Adrastus;" + }, + { + "id": 18520, + "la": "hic multum fleti ad superos belloque caduci Dardanidae, quos ille omnis longo ordine cernens ingemuit, Glaucumque Medontaque Thersilochumque, tris Antenoridas, Cererique sacrum Polyboeten, Idaeumque etiam currus, etiam arma tenentem", + "en": "here, much wept on earth above and fallen in war, the Dardan chiefs; whom as he beheld, all in long array, he moaned'Glaucus and Medon and Thersilochus, the three sons of Antenor, and Polyboetes, priest of Ceres, and Idaeus, still keeping his chariot, still his arms." + }, + { + "id": 18521, + "la": "circumstant animae dextra laevaque frequentes", + "en": "Round about, on right and left, stand the souls in throngs." + }, + { + "id": 18522, + "la": "nec vidisse semel satis est; iuvat usque morari et conferre gradum et veniendi discere causas", + "en": "To have seen him once is not enough; they delight to linger, to pace beside him, and to learn the causes of his coming." + }, + { + "id": 18523, + "la": "at Danaum proceres Agamemnoniaeque phalanges, ut videre virum fulgentiaque arma per umbras, ingenti trepidare metu: pars vertere terga, ceu quondam petiere rates; pars tollere vocem exiguam, inceptus clamor frustratur hiantis", + "en": "But the Danaan princes and Agamemnons battalions, soon as they saw the man and his arms flashing amid the gloom, trembled with mighty fear; some turn to flee, as of old they sought the ships; some raise a shout'faintly; the cry essayed mocks their gaping mouths." + }, + { + "id": 18524, + "la": "Atque hic Priamiden laniatum corpore toto Deiphobum videt et lacerum crudeliter ora, ora manusque ambas, populataque tempora raptis auribus et truncas inhonesto vulnere naris", + "en": "And here he sees Deiphobus, son of Priam, his whole frame mangled and his face cruelly torn'his face and either hand'his ears wrenched from despoiled temples, and his nostrils lopped by a shameful wound." + }, + { + "id": 18525, + "la": "vix adeo agnovit pavitantem ac dira tegentem supplicia, et notis compellat vocibus ultro: Deiphobe armipotens, genus alto a sanguine Teucri, quis tam crudelis optavit sumere poenas? cui tantum de te licuit? mihi fama suprema nocte tulit fessum vasta te caede Pelasgum procubuisse super confusae stragis acervum", + "en": "Scarce, indeed, did he know the quivering form that tried to hide its awful punishment; then, with familiar accents, unhailed, he accosts him: Deiphobus, strong in battle, scion of Teucers high lineage, who chose to exact so cruel a penalty? Who had power to deal thus with you? Rumour told me that on that last night, weary with endless slaughter of Pelasgians, you had fallen upon a heap of mingled carnage." + }, + { + "id": 18526, + "la": "tunc egomet tumulum Rhoeteo litore inanem constitui et magna Manis ter voce vocavi", + "en": "Then I myself set up a cenotaph upon the Rhoetean shore, and with loud cry called thrice upon your spirit." + }, + { + "id": 18527, + "la": "nomen et arma locum servant; te, amice, nequivi conspicere et patria decedens ponere terra.", + "en": "Your name and arms guard the place; you, my friend, I could not see, nor bury, as I departed, in your native land." + }, + { + "id": 18528, + "la": "ad quae Priamides: nihil o tibi, amice, relictum; omnia Deiphobo solvisti et funeris umbris", + "en": "To this the son of Priam: Nothing, my friend, have you left undone; all dues you have paid to Deiphobus and the dead mans shade." + }, + { + "id": 18529, + "la": "sed me fata mea et scelus exitiale Lacaenae his mersere malis; illa haec monumenta reliquit", + "en": "But me my own fate and the Laconian womans death-dealing crime overwhelmed in these woes. It was she who left these memorials!" + }, + { + "id": 18530, + "la": "namque ut supremam falsa inter gaudia noctem egerimus, nosti; et nimium meminisse necesse est", + "en": "For how we spent that last night amid deluding joys, you know; and all too well must you remember!" + }, + { + "id": 18531, + "la": "cum fatalis equus saltu super ardua venit Pergama et armatum peditem gravis attulit alvo, illa, chorum simulans, euhantis orgia circum ducebat Phrygias; flammam media ipsa tenebat ingentem et summa Danaos ex arce vocabat", + "en": "When the fateful horse leapt over the heights of Troy, and brought armed infantry to weight its womb, she feigned a solemn dance and round the city led the Phrygian wives, shrieking in their Bacchic rites; she herself in the midst held a mighty torch and called the Danaans from the castle-height." + }, + { + "id": 18532, + "la": "tum me, confectum curis somnoque gravatum, infelix habuit thalamus, pressitque iacentem dulcis et alta quies placidaeque simillima morti", + "en": "Care-worn and sunk in slumber, I was then inside our ill-starred bridal chamber, sleep weighing upon me as I lay'sweet and deep, very image of deaths peace." + }, + { + "id": 18533, + "la": "egregia interea coniunx arma omnia tectis emovet, et fidum capiti subduxerat ensem; intra tecta vocat Menelaum et limina pandit, scilicet id magnum sperans fore munus amanti, et famam exstingui veterum sic posse malorum", + "en": "Meanwhile, this peerless wife takes every weapon from the house'even from under my head she had withdrawn my trusty sword; into the house she calls Menelaus and flings wide the door, hoping, I doubt not, that her lover would find this a great boon, and so the fame of old misdeeds might be blotted out." + }, + { + "id": 18534, + "la": "quid moror? inrumpunt thalamo, comes additus una hortator scelerum Aeolides", + "en": "Why prolong the story? They burst into my chamber; with them comes their fellow counsellor of sin, the son of Aeolus." + }, + { + "id": 18535, + "la": "di, talia Grais instaurate, pio si poenas ore reposco", + "en": "O gods, with like penalties repay the Greeks, if with pious lips I pray for vengeance!" + }, + { + "id": 18536, + "la": "sed te qui vivum casus, age fare vicissim, attulerint", + "en": "But come, tell in turn what chance has brought you here, alive." + }, + { + "id": 18537, + "la": "pelagine venis erroribus actus an monitu divum? aut quae te fortuna fatigat, ut tristis sine sole domos, loca turbida, adires?", + "en": "Have you come here driven by your ocean-wanderings, or at Heavens command? Or what doom compels you to visit these sad, sunless dwellings, this land of disorder?" + }, + { + "id": 18538, + "la": "Hac vice sermonum roseis Aurora quadrigis iam medium aetherio cursu traiecerat axem; et fors omne datum traherent per talia tempus, sed comes admonuit breviterque adfata Sibylla est: nox ruit, Aenea; nos flendo ducimus horas", + "en": "During this interchange of talk, Dawn, with roseate car, had now crossed mid-heaven in her skyey course, and perchance in such wise they would have spent all the allotted time, but the Sibyl beside him gave warning with brief words: Night is coming, Aeneas; we waste the hours in weeping." + }, + { + "id": 18539, + "la": "hic locus est, partis ubi se via findit in ambas: dextera quae Ditis magni sub moenia tendit, hac iter Elysium nobis; at laeva malorum exercet poenas, et ad impia Tartara mittit.", + "en": "Here is the place, where the road parts: there to the right, as it runs under the walls of great Dis, is our way to Elysium, but the left wreaks the punishment of the wicked, and sends them on to pitiless Tartarus." + }, + { + "id": 18540, + "la": "Deiphobus contra: ne saevi, magna sacerdos; discedam, explebo numerum reddarque tenebris", + "en": "In reply Deiphobus said: Be not angry, great priestess; I will go my way; I will make the count complete and return to the darkness." + }, + { + "id": 18541, + "la": "i decus, i, nostrum; melioribus utere fatis.", + "en": "Go, you who are our glory, go; enjoy a happier fate!" + }, + { + "id": 18542, + "la": "tantum effatus, et in verbo vestigia torsit", + "en": "Thus much he said and, as he spoke, turned his steps." + }, + { + "id": 18543, + "la": "Respicit Aeneas subito et sub rupe sinistra moenia lata videt, triplici circumdata muro, quae rapidus flammis ambit torrentibus amnis, Tartareus Phlegethon, torquetque sonantia saxa", + "en": "Suddenly Aeneas looks back, and under a cliff on the left sees a broad castle, girt with triple wall and encircled with a rushing flood of torrent flames'Tartarean Phlegethon, that rolls along thundering rocks." + }, + { + "id": 18544, + "la": "porta adversa, ingens, solidoque adamante columnae, vis ut nulla virum, non ipsi exscindere bello caelicolae valeant; stat ferrea turris ad auras, Tisiphoneque sedens, palla succincta cruenta, vestibulum exsomnis servat noctesque diesque", + "en": "In front stands a huge gate, and pillars of solid adamant, that no might of man, nay, not even the sons of heaven, could uproot in war; there stands an iron tower, soaring high, and Tisiphone, sitting girt with bloody pall, keeps sleepless watch over the portal night and day." + }, + { + "id": 18545, + "la": "hinc exaudiri gemitus, et saeva sonare verbera, tum stridor ferri tractaeque catenae", + "en": "From it are heard groans, the sound of the savage lash, the clank of iron and the dragging of chains." + }, + { + "id": 18546, + "la": "constitit Aeneas strepitumque exterritus hausit", + "en": "Aeneas stopped, and terrified drank in the tumult." + }, + { + "id": 18547, + "la": "quae scelerum facies? o virgo, effare: quibusve urgentur poenis? quis tantus plangor ad auras? tum vates sic orsa loqui: dux inclute Teucrum, nulli fas casto sceleratum insistere limen; sed me cum lucis Hecate praefecit Avernis, ipsa deum poenas docuit perque omnia duxit", + "en": "What forms of crime are these? Say, O maiden! With what penalties are they scourged? What is this vast wailing on the wind? Then the seer thus began to speak: Famed chieftain of the Teucrians, no pure soul may tread the accursed threshold; but when Hecate set me over the groves of Avernus, she taught me the gods penalties and guided me through all." + }, + { + "id": 18548, + "la": "Cnosius haec Rhadamanthus habet durissima regna castigatque auditque dolos subigitque fateri, quae quis apud superos, furto laetatus inani, distulit in seram commissa piacula mortem", + "en": "Cretan Rhadamanthus holds here his iron sway; he chastises, and hears the tale of guilt, exacting confession of crimes, whenever in the world above any man, rejoicing in vain deceit, has put off atonement for sin until deaths late hour." + }, + { + "id": 18549, + "la": "continuo sontis ultrix accincta flagello Tisiphone quatit insultans, torvosque sinistra intentans anguis vocat agmina saeva sororum", + "en": "Straightway avenging Tisiphone, girt with the lash, leaps on the guilty to scourge them, and with left hand brandishing her grim snakes, calls on her savage sister band." + }, + { + "id": 18550, + "la": "tum demum horrisono stridentes cardine sacrae panduntur portae", + "en": "Then at last, grating on harsh, jarring hinge, the infernal gates open." + }, + { + "id": 18551, + "la": "cernis, custodia qualis vestibulo sedeat, facies quae limina servet? quinquaginta atris immanis hiatibus Hydra saevior intus habet sedem", + "en": "Do you see what sentry sits in the doorway? what shape guards the threshold? The monstrous Hydra, still fiercer, with her fifty black gaping throats, dwells within." + }, + { + "id": 18552, + "la": "tum Tartarus ipse bis patet in praeceps tantum tenditque sub umbras, quantus ad aetherium caeli suspectus Olympum", + "en": "Then Tartarus itself yawns sheer down, stretching into the gloom twice as far as is the upward view of the sky toward heavenly Olympus." + }, + { + "id": 18553, + "la": "hic genus antiquum Terrae, Titania pubes, fulmine deiecti fundo volvuntur in imo", + "en": "Here the ancient sons of Earth, the Titans brood, hurled down by the thunderbolt, writhe in the lowest abyss." + }, + { + "id": 18554, + "la": "hic et Aloidas geminos immania vidi corpora, qui manibus magnum rescindere caelum adgressi superisque Iovem detrudere regnis", + "en": "Here, too, I saw the twin sons of Aloeus, giant in stature, whose hands tried to tear down high Heaven and thrust down Jove from his realm above." + }, + { + "id": 18555, + "la": "vidi et crudelis dantem Salmonea poenas, dum flammas Iovis et sonitus imitatur Olympi", + "en": "Salmoneus, too, I saw, who paid a cruel penalty while aping Joves fires and the thunders of Olympus." + }, + { + "id": 18556, + "la": "quattuor hic invectus equis et lampada quassans per Graium populos mediaeque per Elidis urbem ibat ovans, divumque sibi poscebat honorem, demens, qui nimbos et non imitabile fulmen aere et cornipedum pulsu simularet equorum", + "en": "Borne by four horses and brandishing a torch, he rode triumphant through the Greek peoples and his city in the heart of Elis, claiming as his own the homage of deity. Madman, to mimic the storm clouds and inimitable thunder with brass and the tramp of horn-footed horses!" + }, + { + "id": 18557, + "la": "at pater omnipotens densa inter nubila telum contorsit, non ille faces nec fumea taedis lumina, praecipitemque immani turbine adegit", + "en": "But the Father Almighty amid thick clouds launched his bolt'no firebrands he, nor pitch-pines smoky glare'and drove him headlong with furious whirlwind." + }, + { + "id": 18558, + "la": "nec non et Tityon, Terrae omniparentis alumnum, cernere erat, per tota novem cui iugera corpus porrigitur, rostroque immanis vultur obunco immortale iecur tondens fecundaque poenis viscera, rimaturque epulis habitatque sub alto pectore, nec fibris requies datur ulla renatis", + "en": "Likewise one might see Tityos, nursling of Earth the mother of all. Over nine full acres his body is stretched, and a monstrous vulture with crooked beak gnaws at his deathless liver and vitals fruitful of anguish; deep within the breast he lodges and gropes for his feast; nor is any respite given to the filaments that grow anew." + }, + { + "id": 18559, + "la": "quid memorem Lapithas, Ixiona Pirithoumque et quo super atra silex iam iam lapsura cadentique imminet adsimilis? lucent genialibus altis aurea fulcra toris, epulaeque ante ora paratae regifico luxu; Furiarum maxima iuxta accubat et manibus prohibet contingere mensas, exsurgitque facem attollens atque intonat ore", + "en": "Why tell of the Lapiths, Ixion and Pirithos, and of him over whom hangs a black crag that seems ready to slip and fall at any moment? High festal couches gleam with backs of gold, and before their eyes is spread a banquet in royal splendour. Reclining hard by, the eldest Fury stays their hands from touch of the table, springing forth with uplifted torch and thunderous cries." + }, + { + "id": 18560, + "la": "Hic quibus invisi fratres, dum vita manebat, pulsatusve parens, et fraus innexa clienti, aut qui divitiis soli incubuere repertis nec partem posuere suis (quae maxima turba est), quique ob adulterium caesi, quique arma secuti impia nec veriti dominorum fallere dextras, inclusi poenam exspectant", + "en": "Here were they who in lifetime hated their brethren, or smote a sire, and entangled a client in wrong; or who brooded in solitude over wealth they had won, nor set aside a portion for their kin'the largest number this; who were slain for adultery; or who followed the standard of treason, and feared not to break allegiance with their lords'all these, immured, await their doom." + }, + { + "id": 18561, + "la": "ne quaere doceri, quam poenam, aut quae forma viros fortunave mersit", + "en": "Seek not to learn that doom, or what form of crime, or fate, overwhelmed them!" + }, + { + "id": 18562, + "la": "saxum ingens volvunt alii, radiisque rotarum destricti pendent; sedet aeternumque sedebit infelix Theseus; Phlegyasque miserrimus omnis admonet et magna testatur voce per umbras: discite iustitiam moniti et non temnere divos.", + "en": "Some roll a huge stone, or hang outstretched on spokes of wheels; hapless Theseus sits and evermore shall sit, and Phlegyas, most unblest, gives warning to all and with loud voice bears witness amid the gloom: Be warned; learn ye to be just and not to slight the gods!" + }, + { + "id": 18563, + "la": "vendidit hic auro patriam dominumque potentem imposuit; fixit leges pretio atque refixit; hic thalamum invasit natae vetitosque hymenaeos ausi omnes immane nefas ausoque potiti", + "en": "This one sold his country for gold, and fastened on her a tyrant lord; he made and unmade laws for a bribe. This forced his daughters bed and a marriage forbidden. All dared a monstrous sin, and what they dared attained." + }, + { + "id": 18564, + "la": "non mihi si linguae centum sint oraque centum, ferrea vox, omnis scelerum comprendere formas, omnia poenarum percurrere nomina possim.", + "en": "Nay, had I a hundred tongues, a hundred mouths, and voice of iron, I could not sum up all the forms of crime, or rehearse all the tale of torments." + }, + { + "id": 18565, + "la": "Haec ubi dicta dedit Phoebi longaeva sacerdos, sed iam age, carpe viam et susceptum perfice munus, acceleremus, ait", + "en": "So spoke the aged priestess of Phoebus; then adds: But come now, hasten your step and fulfil the task in hand. Let us hasten. I descry the ramparts reared by" + }, + { + "id": 18566, + "la": "Cyclopum educta caminis moenia conspicio atque adverso fornice portas, haec ubi nos praecepta iubent deponere dona.", + "en": "Cyclopean forges and the gates with fronting arch, where they bid us lay the appointed gifts." + }, + { + "id": 18567, + "la": "dixerat, et pariter gressi per opaca viarum corripiunt spatium medium foribusque propinquant", + "en": "She ended, and, advancing side by side along the dusky way, they haste over the mid-space and draw near the doors." + }, + { + "id": 18568, + "la": "occupat Aeneas aditum corpusque recenti spargit aqua ramumque adverso in limine figit", + "en": "Aeneas wins the entrance, sprinkles his body with fresh water, and plants the bough full on the threshold." + }, + { + "id": 18569, + "la": "His demum exactis, perfecto munere divae, devenere locos laetos et amoena virecta Fortunatorum Nemorum sedesque beatas", + "en": "This at length performed and the task of the goddess fulfilled, they came to a land of joy, the pleasant lawns and happy seats of the Blissful Groves." + }, + { + "id": 18570, + "la": "largior hic campos aether et lumine vestit purpureo, solemque suum, sua sidera norunt", + "en": "Here an ampler ether clothes the meads with roseate light, and they know their own sun, and stars of their own." + }, + { + "id": 18571, + "la": "pars in gramineis exercent membra palaestris, contendunt ludo et fulva luctantur harena; pars pedibus plaudunt choreas et carmina dicunt", + "en": "Some disport their limbs on the grassy wrestling ground, vie in sports, and grapple on the yellow sand; some tread the rhythm of a dance and chant songs." + }, + { + "id": 18572, + "la": "nec non Threicius longa cum veste sacerdos obloquitur numeris septem discrimina vocum, iamque fidem digitis, iam pectine pulsat eburno", + "en": "There, too, the long-robed Thracian priest matches their measures with the seven clear notes, striking the lyre now with his fingers, now with his ivory quill." + }, + { + "id": 18573, + "la": "hic genus antiquum Teucri, pulcherrima proles, magnanimi heroes, nati melioribus annis, Ilusque Assaracusque et Troiae Dardanus auctor", + "en": "Here is Teucers ancient line, family most fair, high-souled heroes born in happier years'Ilus and Assaracus and Dardanus, Troys founder." + }, + { + "id": 18574, + "la": "arma procul currusque virum miratur inanis; stant terra defixae hastae, passimque soluti per campum pascuntur equi; quae gratia currum armorumque fuit vivis, quae cura nitentis pascere equos, eadem sequitur tellure repostos", + "en": "From afar he marvels at their phantom arms and chariots. Their lances stand fixed in the ground, and their unyoked steeds browse freely over the plain. The same pride in chariot and arms that was theirs in life, the same care in keeping sleek steeds, attends them now that they are hidden beneath the earth." + }, + { + "id": 18575, + "la": "conspicit ecce alios dextra laevaque per herbam vescentis laetumque choro paeana canentis inter odoratum lauri nemus, unde superne plurimus Eridani per silvam volvitur amnis", + "en": "Others he sees, to right and left, feasting on the sward, and chanting in chorus a joyous paean within a fragrant laurel grove, from where the full flood of the Eridanus rolls upward through the forest." + }, + { + "id": 18576, + "la": "Hic manus ob patriam pugnando vulnera passi, quique sacerdotes casti, dum vita manebat, quique pii vates et Phoebo digna locuti, inventas aut qui vitam excoluere per artes, quique sui memores aliquos fecere merendo: omnibus his nivea cinguntur tempora vitta", + "en": "Here is the band of those who suffered wounds, fighting for their country; those who in lifetime were priests and pure, good bards, whose songs were meet for Phoebus; or they who ennobled life by arts discovered and they who by service have won remembrance among men'the brows of all bound with headbands white as snow." + }, + { + "id": 18577, + "la": "quos circumfusos sic est adfata Sibylla, Musaeum ante omnis; medium nam plurima turba hunc habet atque umeris exstantem suspicit altis: dicite, felices animae, tuque, optime vates, quae regio Anchisen, quis habet locus? illius ergo venimus et magnos Erebi tranavimus amnis.", + "en": "These, as they streamed round, the Sibyl thus addressed, Musaeus before all; for he is centre of that vast throng that gazes up to him, as with shoulders high he towers aloft: Say, happy souls, and you, best of bards, what land, what place holds Anchises? For his sake are we come, and have sailed across the great rivers of Erebus." + }, + { + "id": 18578, + "la": "atque huic responsum paucis ita reddidit heros: nulli certa domus; lucis habitamus opacis riparumque toros et prata recentia rivis incolimus", + "en": "And to her the hero thus made brief reply: None has a fixed home. We dwell in shady groves, and live on cushioned riverbanks and in meadows fresh with streams." + }, + { + "id": 18579, + "la": "sed vos, si fert ita corde voluntas, hoc superate iugum, et facili iam tramite sistam.", + "en": "But if the wish in your heart so inclines, surmount this ridge, and soon I will set you on an easy path." + }, + { + "id": 18580, + "la": "dixit et ante tulit gressum camposque nitentis desuper ostentat; dehinc summa cacumina linquunt", + "en": "He spoke and stepped on before, and from above points out the shining fields. Then they leave the mountaintops." + }, + { + "id": 18581, + "la": "At pater Anchises penitus convalle virenti inclusas animas superumque ad lumen ituras lustrabat studio recolens, omnemque suorum forte recensebat numerum carosque nepotes fataque fortunasque virum moresque manusque", + "en": "But deep in a green vale father Anchises was surveying with earnest thought the imprisoned souls that were to pass to the light above and, as it chanced, was counting over the full number of his people and beloved children, their fates and fortunes, their works and ways." + }, + { + "id": 18582, + "la": "isque ubi tendentem adversum per gramina vidit Aenean, alacris palmas utrasque tetendit, effusaeque genis lacrimae et vox excidit ore: venisti tandem, tuaque exspectata parenti vicit iter durum pietas? datur ora tueri, nate, tua et notas audire et reddere voces? sic equidem ducebam animo rebarque futurum, tempora dinumerans, nec me mea cura fefellit", + "en": "And as he saw Aeneas coming towards him over the sward, he eagerly stretched forth both hands, while tears streamed from his eyes and a cry fell from his lips: Have you come at last, and has the duty that your father expected vanquished the toilsome way? Is it given me to see your face, my son, and hear and utter familiar tones? Even so I mused and deemed the hour would come, counting the days, nor has my yearning failed me." + }, + { + "id": 18583, + "la": "quas ego te terras et quanta per aequora vectum accipio! quantis iactatum, nate, periclis! quam metui, ne quid Libyae tibi regna nocerent! ille autem: tua me, genitor, tua tristis imago saepius occurrens haec limina tendere adegit; stant sale Tyrrheno classes", + "en": "Over what lands, what wide seas have you journeyed to my welcome! What dangers have beset you, my son! How I feared the realm of Libya might work you harm! But he answered: Your shade, father, your sad shade, meeting me repeatedly, drove me to seek these portals. My ships ride the Tuscan sea." + }, + { + "id": 18584, + "la": "da iungere dextram, da, genitor, teque amplexu ne subtrahe nostro.", + "en": "Grant me to clasp your hand, grant me, father, and withdraw not from my embrace!" + }, + { + "id": 18585, + "la": "sic memorans largo fletu simul ora rigabat", + "en": "So he spoke, his face wet with flooding tears." + }, + { + "id": 18586, + "la": "ter conatus ibi collo dare bracchia circum, ter frustra comprensa manus effugit imago, par levibus ventis volucrique simillima somno", + "en": "Thrice there he strove to throw his arms about his neck; thrice the form, vainly clasped, fled from his hands, even as light winds, and most like a winged dream." + }, + { + "id": 18587, + "la": "Interea videt Aeneas in valle reducta seclusum nemus et virgulta sonantia silvae Lethaeumque, domos placidas qui praenatat, amnem", + "en": "Meanwhile, in a retired vale, Aeneas sees a sequestered grove and rustling forest thickets, and the river of Lethe drifting past those peaceful homes." + }, + { + "id": 18588, + "la": "hunc circum innumerae gentes populique volabant; ac velut in pratis ubi apes aestate serena floribus insidunt variis et candida circum lilia funduntur, strepit omnis murmure campus", + "en": "About it hovered peoples and tribes unnumbered; even as when, in the meadows, in cloudless summertime, bees light on many-hued blossoms and stream round lustrous lilies and all the fields murmur with the humming." + }, + { + "id": 18589, + "la": "horrescit visu subito causasque requirit inscius Aeneas, quae sint ea flumina porro, quive viri tanto complerint agmine ripas", + "en": "Aeneas is startled by the sudden sight and, knowing not, asks the cause'what is that river yonder, and who are the men thronging the banks in such a host?" + }, + { + "id": 18590, + "la": "tum pater Anchises: animae, quibus altera fato corpora debentur, Lethaei ad fluminis undam securos latices et longa oblivia potant", + "en": "Then said father Anchises: Spirits they are, to whom second bodies are owed by Fate, and at the water of Lethes stream they drink the soothing draught and long forgetfulness." + }, + { + "id": 18591, + "la": "has equidem memorare tibi atque ostendere coram, iampridem hanc prolem cupio enumerare meorum, quo magis Italia mecum laetere reperta.", + "en": "These in truth I have long yearned to tell and show you to your face, yea, to count this, my childrens seed, that so you may rejoice with me the more at finding Italy." + }, + { + "id": 18592, + "la": "o pater, anne aliquas ad caelum hinc ire putandum est sublimis animas iterumque ad tarda reverti corpora? quae lucis miseris tam dira cupido? dicam equidem nec te suspensum, nate, tenebo, suscipit Anchises atque ordine singula pandit", + "en": "But, father, must we think that any souls pass aloft from here to the world above and return a second time to bodily fetters? What mad longing for life possesses their sorry hearts? I will surely tell you, my son, and keep you not in doubt, Anchises replies, and reveals each truth in order." + }, + { + "id": 18593, + "la": "Principio caelum ac terras camposque liquentis lucentemque globum lunae Titaniaque astra spiritus intus alit, totamque infusa per artus mens agitat molem et magno se corpore miscet", + "en": "First, know that heaven and earth and the watery plains, the moons bright sphere and Titans star, a spirit within sustains; in all the limbs mind moves the mass and mingles with the mighty frame." + }, + { + "id": 18594, + "la": "inde hominum pecudumque genus vitaeque volantum et quae marmoreo fert monstra sub aequore pontus", + "en": "Thence spring the races of man and beast, the life of winged creatures, and the monsters that ocean bears beneath his marble surface." + }, + { + "id": 18595, + "la": "igneus est ollis vigor et caelestis origo seminibus, quantum non noxia corpora tardant terrenique hebetant artus moribundaque membra", + "en": "Fiery is the vigour and divine the source of those seeds of life, so far as harmful bodies clog them not, or earthly limbs and frames born but to die." + }, + { + "id": 18596, + "la": "hinc metuunt cupiuntque, dolent gaudentque, neque auras dispiciunt clausae tenebris et carcere caeco", + "en": "Hence their fears and desires, their griefs and joys; nor do they discern the heavenly light, penned as they are in the gloom of their dark dungeon." + }, + { + "id": 18597, + "la": "quin et supremo cum lumine vita reliquit, non tamen omne malum miseris nec funditus omnes corporeae excedunt pestes, penitusque necesse est multa diu concreta modis inolescere miris", + "en": "Still more! When lifes last ray has fled, the wretches are not entirely freed from all evil and all the plagues of the body; and it needs must be that many a taint, long ingrained, should in wondrous wise become deeply rooted in their being." + }, + { + "id": 18598, + "la": "ergo exercentur poenis veterumque malorum supplicia expendunt", + "en": "Therefore are they schooled with punishments, and pay penance for bygone sins." + }, + { + "id": 18599, + "la": "aliae panduntur inanes suspensae ad ventos, aliis sub gurgite vasto infectum eluitur scelus aut exuritur igni, donec longa dies perfecto temporis orbe concretam exemit labem, purumque relinquit aetherium sensum atque aurai simplicis ignem: quisque suos patimur manis", + "en": "Some are hung stretched out to the empty winds; from others the stain of guilt is washed away under swirling floods or burned out by fire till length of days, when times cycle is complete, has removed the inbred taint and leaves unsoiled the ethereal sense and pure flame of spirit: each of us undergoes his own purgatory." + }, + { + "id": 18600, + "la": "exinde per amplum mittimur Elysium et pauci laeta arva tenemus", + "en": "Then we are sent to spacious Elysium, a few of us to possess the blissful fields." + }, + { + "id": 18601, + "la": "has omnis, ubi mille rotam volvere per annos, Lethaeum ad fluvium deus evocat agmine magno, scilicet immemores supera ut convexa revisant rursus, et incipiant in corpora velle reverti.", + "en": "All these that you see, when they have rolled times wheel through a thousand years, the god summons in vast throng to Lethes river, so that, their memories effaced, they may once more revisit the vault above and conceive the desire of return to the body." + }, + { + "id": 18602, + "la": "Dixerat Anchises, natumque unaque Sibyllam conventus trahit in medios turbamque sonantem, et tumulum capit unde omnis longo ordine posset adversos legere et venientum discere vultus", + "en": "Anchises paused, and drew his son and with him the Sibyl into the heart of the assembly and buzzing throng, then chose a mound whence he might scan face to face the whole of the long procession and note their faces as they came." + }, + { + "id": 18603, + "la": "Nunc age, Dardaniam prolem quae deinde sequatur gloria, qui maneant Itala de gente nepotes, inlustris animas nostrumque in nomen ituras, expediam dictis, et te tua fata docebo", + "en": "Now then, the glory henceforth to attend the Trojan race, what children of Italian stock 36 are held in store by fate, glorious souls waiting to inherit our name, this shall I reveal in speech and inform you of your destiny." + }, + { + "id": 18604, + "la": "ille, vides, pura iuvenis qui nititur hasta, proxima sorte tenet lucis loca, primus ad auras aetherias Italo commixtus sanguine surget, Silvius, Albanum nomen, tua postuma proles, quem tibi longaevo serum Lavinia coniunx educet silvis regem regumque parentem, unde genus Longa nostrum dominabitur Alba", + "en": "The youth you see leaning on an untipped spear holds by lot of life the most immediate place: he first shall rise into the upper air with Italian blood in his veins, Silvius of Alban name, last-born of your children, whom late in your old age your wife Lavinia shall rear in the woodlands, a king and father of kings, with whom our race shall hold sway in Alba Longa." + }, + { + "id": 18605, + "la": "proximus ille Procas, Troianae gloria gentis, et Capys et Numitor et qui te nomine reddet Silvius Aeneas, pariter pietate vel armis egregius, si umquam regnandam acceperit Albam", + "en": "He next is Procas, pride of the Trojan nation, then Capys and Numitor and he who will resurrect you by his name, Aeneas Silvius, no less eminent in goodness and in arms, if ever he come to reign over Alba." + }, + { + "id": 18606, + "la": "qui iuvenes! quantas ostentant, aspice, vires atque umbrata gerunt civili tempora quercu! hi tibi Nomentum et Gabios urbemque Fidenam, hi Collatinas imponent montibus arces, Pometios Castrumque Inui Bolamque Coramque; haec tum nomina erunt, nunc sunt sine nomine terrae", + "en": "What fine young men are these! Mark the strength they display and the civic oak that shades their brows! These to your honour will build Nomentum and Gabii and Fidenas town; these shall crown hills with Collatias towers, and Pometii, the Fort of Inuus, Bola and Cora: one day to be famous names, these now are nameless places." + }, + { + "id": 18607, + "la": "quin et avo comitem sese Mavortius addet Romulus, Assaraci quem sanguinis Ilia mater educet", + "en": "Further, a son of Mars shall keep his grandsire company, Romulus, whom his mother Ilia shall bear of Assaracus stock." + }, + { + "id": 18608, + "la": "viden, ut geminae stant vertice cristae et pater ipse suo superum iam signat honore? en huius, nate, auspiciis illa incluta Roma imperium terris, animos aequabit Olympo, septemque una sibi muro circumdabit arces, felix prole virum: qualis Berecyntia mater invehitur curru Phrygias turrita per urbes laeta deum partu, centum complexa nepotes, omnis caelicolas, omnis supera alta tenentis", + "en": "Do you see how twin plumes stand upright on his head and how the Father of the gods stamps him with divine majesty? Lo, under his auspices, my son, shall that glorious Rome extend her empire to earths ends, her ambitions to the skies, and shall embrace seven hills with a single citys wall, blessed in a brood of heroes; even as the Berecyntian mother, turret-crowned, rides in her chariot through Phrygian towns, happy in a progeny of gods, clasping a hundred grandsons, all denizens of heaven, all tenants of celestial heights." + }, + { + "id": 18609, + "la": "Huc geminas nunc flecte acies, hanc aspice gentem Romanosque tuos", + "en": "Turn hither now your two-eyed gaze, and behold this nation, the Romans that are yours." + }, + { + "id": 18610, + "la": "hic Caesar et omnis Iuli progenies magnum caeli ventura sub axem", + "en": "Here is Caesar and all the seed of Iulus destined to pass under heavens spacious sphere." + }, + { + "id": 18611, + "la": "hic vir, hic est, tibi quem promitti saepius audis, Augustus Caesar, divi genus, aurea condet saecula qui rursus Latio regnata per arva Saturno quondam, super et Garamantas et Indos proferet imperium; iacet extra sidera tellus, extra anni solisque vias, ubi caelifer Atlas axem umero torquet stellis ardentibus aptum", + "en": "And this in truth is he whom you so often hear promised you, Augustus Caesar, son of a god, who will again establish a golden age in Latium amid fields once ruled by Saturn; he will advance his empire beyond the Garamants and Indians to a land which lies beyond our stars, beyond the path of year and sun, where sky-bearing Atlas wheels on his shoulders the blazing star-studded sphere." + }, + { + "id": 18612, + "la": "huius in adventum iam nunc et Caspia regna responsis horrent divum et Maeotia tellus, et septemgemini turbant trepida ostia Nili", + "en": "Against his coming both Caspian realms and the Maeotic land even now shudder at the oracles of their gods, and the mouths of sevenfold Nile quiver in alarm." + }, + { + "id": 18613, + "la": "nec vero Alcides tantum telluris obivit, fixerit aeripedem cervam licet, aut Erymanthi pacarit nemora et Lernam tremefecerit arcu; nec qui pampineis victor iuga flectit habenis Liber, agens celso Nysae de vertice tigris", + "en": "Not even Hercules traversed so much of earths extent, though he pierced the stag of brazen foot, quieted the woods of Erymanthus, and made Lerna tremble at his bow; nor he either, who guides his car with vine-leaf reins, triumphant Bacchus, driving his tigers down from Nysas lofty peak." + }, + { + "id": 18614, + "la": "et dubitamus adhuc virtutem extendere factis, aut metus Ausonia prohibet consistere terra?", + "en": "And do we still hesitate to make known our worth by exploits or shrink in fear from settling on Western soil?" + }, + { + "id": 18615, + "la": "Quis procul ille autem ramis insignis olivae sacra ferens? nosco crinis incanaque menta regis Romani primam qui legibus urbem fundabit, Curibus parvis et paupere terra missus in imperium magnum", + "en": "But who is he apart, crowned with sprays of olive, offering sacrifice? Ah, I recognize the hoary hair and beard of that king of Rome 45 who will make the infant city secure on a basis of laws, called from the needy land of lowly Cures to sovereign might." + }, + { + "id": 18616, + "la": "cui deinde subibit otia qui rumpet patriae residesque movebit Tullus in arma viros et iam desueta triumphis agmina", + "en": "Him shall Tullus next succeed, the breaker of his countrys peace, who will rouse to war an inactive folk and armies long unused to triumphs." + }, + { + "id": 18617, + "la": "quem iuxta sequitur iactantior Ancus nunc quoque iam nimium gaudens popularibus auris", + "en": "Hard on his heels follows over-boastful Ancus, who even now enjoys too much the breeze of popular favour." + }, + { + "id": 18618, + "la": "vis et Tarquinios reges animamque superbam ultoris Bruti, fascesque videre receptos? consulis imperium hic primus saevasque secures accipiet, natosque pater nova bella moventis ad poenam pulchra pro libertate vocabit, infelix, utcumque ferent ea facta minores: vincet amor patriae laudumque immensa cupido", + "en": "Would you also see the Tarquin kings, the proud spirit of Brutus the Avenger, and the fasces regained? He first shall receive a consuls power and the cruel axes, and when his sons would stir up revolt, the father will hale them to execution in fair freedoms name, unhappy man, however later ages will extol that deed; yet shall a patriots love prevail and un-quenched thirst for fame." + }, + { + "id": 18619, + "la": "Quin Decios Drusosque procul saevumque securi aspice Torquatum et referentem signa Camillum", + "en": "Now behold over there the Decii and the Drusi, Torquatus of the cruel axe, and Camillus bringing the standards home!" + }, + { + "id": 18620, + "la": "illae autem, paribus quas fulgere cernis in armis, concordes animae nunc et dum nocte prementur, heu quantum inter se bellum, si lumina vitae attigerint, quantas acies stragemque ciebunt, aggeribus socer Alpinis atque arce Monoeci descendens, gener adversis instructus Eois!", + "en": "But they whom you see, resplendent in matching arms, souls now in harmony and as long as they are imprisoned in night, alas, if once they attain the light of life, what mutual strife, what battles and bloodshed will they cause, the brides father swooping from Alpine ramparts and Monoecus fort, her husband confronting him with forces from the East!" + }, + { + "id": 18621, + "la": "ne, pueri, ne tanta animis adsuescite bella neu patriae validas in viscera vertite vires; tuque prior, tu parce, genus qui ducis Olympo, proice tela manu, sanguis meus!", + "en": "Steel not your hearts, my sons, to such wicked war nor vent violent valour on the vitals of your land. And you who draw your lineage from heaven, be you the first to show mercy; cast the sword from your hand, child of my blood!" + }, + { + "id": 18622, + "la": "Ille triumphata Capitolia ad alta Corintho victor aget currum caesis insignis Achivis", + "en": "He yonder, triumphant over Corinth, shall drive a victors chariot to the lofty Capitol, famed for Achaeans he has slain." + }, + { + "id": 18623, + "la": "eruet ille Argos Agamemnoniasque Mycenas ipsumque Aeaciden, genus armipotentis Achilli, ultus avos Troiae templa et temerata Minervae", + "en": "Yon other shall uproot Argos, Agamemnons Mycenae, and even an heir of Aeacus, seed of mighty Achilles: he will avenge his Trojan sires and Minervas polluted shrine." + }, + { + "id": 18624, + "la": "quis te, magne Cato, tacitum aut te, Cosse, relinquat? quis Gracchi genus aut geminos, duo fulmina belli, Scipiadas, cladem Libyae, parvoque potentem Fabricium vel te sulco, Serrane, serentem? quo fessum rapitis, Fabii? tu Maximus ille es, unus qui nobis cunctando restituis rem", + "en": "Who, lordly Cato, could leave you unsung, or you, Cossus; who the Gracchan race or the Scipios twain, two thunderbolts of war and the ruin of Carthage, or Fabricius, in penury a prince, or you, Serranus, sowing seed in the soil? Whither, O Fabii, do ye hurry me all breathless? You are he, the mightiest, who could, as no one else, through inaction preserve our state." + }, + { + "id": 18625, + "la": "excudent alii spirantia mollius aera (credo equidem), vivos ducent de marmore vultus, orabunt causas melius, caelique meatus describent radio et surgentia sidera dicent: tu regere imperio populos, Romane, memento (hae tibi erunt artes), pacique imponere morem, parcere subiectis et debellare superbos.", + "en": "Others, I doubt not, shall with softer mould beat out the breathing bronze, coax from the marble features to the life, plead cases with greater eloquence and with a pointer trace heavens motions and predict the risings of the stars: you, Roman, be sure to rule the world (be these your arts), to crown peace with justice, to spare the vanquished and to crush the proud." + }, + { + "id": 18626, + "la": "Sic pater Anchises, atque haec mirantibus addit: aspice, ut insignis spoliis Marcellus opimis ingreditur victorque viros supereminet omnis", + "en": "Thus Father Anchises, and as they marvel, adds: Be-hold how Marcellus advances, graced with the spoils of the chief he slew, and towers triumphant over all!" + }, + { + "id": 18627, + "la": "hic rem Romanam magno turbante tumultu sistet, eques sternet Poenos Gallumque rebellem, tertiaque arma patri suspendet capta Quirino", + "en": "When the Roman state is reeling under a brutal shock, he will steady it, will ride down Carthaginians and the insurgent Gaul, and offer up to Father Quirinus a third set of spoils." + }, + { + "id": 18628, + "la": "Atque hic Aeneas (una namque ire videbat egregium forma iuvenem et fulgentibus armis, sed frons laeta parum et deiecto lumina vultu) quis, pater, ille, virum qui sic comitatur euntem? filius, anne aliquis magna de stirpe nepotum? qui strepitus circa comitum! quantum instar in ipso! sed nox atra caput tristi circumvolat umbra.", + "en": "At this Aeneas said'for by his side he saw a youth of passing beauty in resplendent arms, but with joyless mien and eyes downcast: Who, father, is he that thus attends the warrior on his way? Is it his son, or some other of his progenys heroic line? What a stir among his entourage! What majesty is his! But deaths dark shadow flickers mournfully about his head." + }, + { + "id": 18629, + "la": "Tum pater Anchises lacrimis ingressus obortis: o gnate, ingentem luctum ne quaere tuorum; ostendent terris hunc tantum fata nec ultra esse sinent", + "en": "Then, as his tears well up, Father Anchises begins: My son, seek not to taste the bitter grief of your people; only a glimpse of him will fate give earth nor suffer him to stay long." + }, + { + "id": 18630, + "la": "nimium vobis Romana propago visa potens, superi, propria haec si dona fuissent", + "en": "Too powerful, O gods above, you deemed the Roman people, had these gifts of yours been lasting." + }, + { + "id": 18631, + "la": "quantos ille virum magnam Mavortis ad urbem campus aget gemitus! vel quae, Tiberine, videbis funera, cum tumulum praeterlabere recentem! nec puer Iliaca quisquam de gente Latinos in tantum spe tollet avos, nec Romula quondam ullo se tantum tellus iactabit alumno", + "en": "What sobbing of the brave will the famed Field waft to Mars mighty city! What a cortege will you behold, Father Tiber, as you glide past the new-built tomb! No youth of Trojan stock will ever raise his Latin ancestry so high in hope nor the land of Romulus ever boast of any son like this." + }, + { + "id": 18632, + "la": "heu pietas, heu prisca fides invictaque bello dextera! non illi se quisquam impune tulisset obvius armato, seu cum pedes iret in hostem seu spumantis equi foderet calcaribus armos", + "en": "Alas for his goodness, alas for his chivalrous honour and his sword arm unconquerable in the fight! In arms none would have faced him unscathed, marched he on foot against his foe or dug with spurs the flanks of his foaming steed." + }, + { + "id": 18633, + "la": "heu, miserande puer, si qua fata aspera rumpas! tu Marcellus eris", + "en": "Child of a nations sorrow, could you but shatter the cruel barrier of fate! You are to be Marcellus." + }, + { + "id": 18634, + "la": "manibus date lilia plenis purpureos spargam flores animamque nepotis his saltem accumulem donis, et fungar inani munere.", + "en": "Grant me to scatter in handfuls lilies of purple blossom, to heap at least these gifts on my descendants shade and perform an unavailing duty." + }, + { + "id": 18635, + "la": "sic tota passim regione vagantur aris in campis latis atque omnia lustrant", + "en": "Thus they wander at large over the whole region in the wide airy plain, taking note of all." + }, + { + "id": 18636, + "la": "quae postquam Anchises natum per singula duxit incenditque animum famae venientis amore, exim bella viro memorat quae deinde gerenda, Laurentisque docet populos urbemque Latini, et quo quemque modo fugiatque feratque laborem", + "en": "After Anchises had led his son over every scene, kindling his soul with longing for the glory that was to be, he then tells of the wars that the hero next must wage, the Laurentine peoples and Latinus town, and how he is to face or flee each peril." + }, + { + "id": 18637, + "la": "Sunt geminae Somni portae, quarum altera fertur cornea, qua veris facilis datur exitus umbris, altera candenti perfecta nitens elephanto, sed falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes", + "en": "Two gates of Sleep there are, whereof the one, they say, is horn and offers a ready exit to true shades, the other shining with sheen of polished ivory, but delusive dreams issue upward through it from the world below." + }, + { + "id": 18638, + "la": "his ibi tum natum Anchises unaque Sibyllam prosequitur dictis portaque emittit eburna: ille viam secat ad navis sociosque revisit; tum se ad Caietae recto fert litore portum", + "en": "Thither Anchises, discoursing thus, escorts his son and with him the Sibyl, and sends them forth by the ivory gate: Aeneas speeds his way to the ships and rejoins his comrades; then straight along the shore he sails for Caietas haven." + }, + { + "id": 18639, + "la": "ancora de prora iacitur; stant litore puppes", + "en": "The anchor is cast from the prow; the sterns stand ranged on the shore." + }, + { + "id": 18640, + "la": "Tu quoque litoribus nostris, Aenea nutrix, aeternam moriens famam, Caieta, dedisti; et nunc servat honos sedem tuus, ossaque nomen Hesperia in magna, si qua est ea gloria, signat", + "en": "You, too, 1 Caieta, nurse of Aeneas, have by your death given eternal fame to our shores; and still your honour guards your resting place, and in great Hesperia, if that be glory, your name marks your dust!-" + }, + { + "id": 18641, + "la": "At pius exsequiis Aeneas rite solutis, aggere composito tumuli, postquam alta quierunt aequora, tendit iter velis portumque relinquit", + "en": "Now good Aeneas, when the last rites were duly paid and the funeral mound was raised, as soon as the high seas were stilled, sails forth on his way and leaves the haven." + }, + { + "id": 18642, + "la": "aspirant aurae in noctem nec candida cursus luna negat, splendet tremulo sub lumine pontus", + "en": "Breezes blow on into the night, and the Moon, shining bright, smiles on their voyage; the sea glitters beneath her dancing beams." + }, + { + "id": 18643, + "la": "proxima Circaeae raduntur litora terrae, dives inaccessos ubi Solis filia lucos adsiduo resonat cantu, tectisque superbis urit odoratam nocturna in lumina cedrum arguto tenuis percurrens pectine telas", + "en": "The next shores they skirt are those of Circes realm, where the wealthy daughter of the Sun thrills the untrodden groves with ceaseless song and in her proud palace burns fragrant cedar to illuminate the night, while she drives her shrill shuttle through the fine web." + }, + { + "id": 18644, + "la": "hinc exaudiri gemitus iraeque leonum vincla recusantum et sera sub nocte rudentum, saetigerique sues atque in praesepibus ursi saevire ac formae magnorum ululare luporum, quos hominum ex facie dea saeva potentibus herbis induerat Circe in vultus ac terga ferarum", + "en": "From these shores could be heard the angry growls of lions chafing at their bonds and roaring in midnight hours, the raging of bristly boars and caged bears, and huge wolfish shapes howling. These were they whom, robbing them of their human form with potent herbs, Circe, cruel goddess, had clothed in the features and frames of beasts." + }, + { + "id": 18645, + "la": "quae ne monstra pii paterentur talia Troes delati in portus neu litora dira subirent, Neptunus ventis implevit vela secundis, atque fugam dedit et praeter vada fervida vexit", + "en": "But so that the pious of Troy should not suffer so monstrous a fate on entering the harbour and setting foot on the accursed shore, Neptune filled their sails with favouring winds, giving them flight, and bore them past the seething shallows." + }, + { + "id": 18646, + "la": "Iamque rubescebat radiis mare et aethere ab alto Aurora in roseis fulgebat lutea bigis, cum venti posuere omnisque repente resedit flatus, et in lento luctantur marmore tonsae", + "en": "Now the sea was reddening with the rays of dawn, and from heavens height the goddess of Dawn on her rosy chariot shone in saffron light, when the winds dropped and suddenly every breeze sank; the oars toil slowly against the marble smoothness of the water." + }, + { + "id": 18647, + "la": "atque hic Aeneas ingentem ex aequore lucum prospicit", + "en": "At this moment Aeneas, looking from the sea, beholds a mighty forest." + }, + { + "id": 18648, + "la": "hunc inter fluvio Tiberinus amoeno verticibus rapidis et multa flavus harena in mare prorumpit", + "en": "Through its midst the Tibers lovely stream leaps forth to sea in swirling eddies with his burden of golden sand." + }, + { + "id": 18649, + "la": "variae circumque supraque adsuetae ripis volucres et fluminis alveo aethera mulcebant cantu lucoque volabant", + "en": "Around and above, birds of many a kind that haunt the rivers banks and channel were thrilling heaven with their song and flying in the grove." + }, + { + "id": 18650, + "la": "flectere iter sociis terraeque advertere proras imperat et laetus fluvio succedit opaco", + "en": "He bids his comrades change their course and turn their prows to land, and joyfully enters the shady river." + }, + { + "id": 18651, + "la": "Nunc age, qui reges, Erato, quae tempora, rerum quis Latio antiquo fuerit status, advena classem cum primum Ausoniis exercitus appulit oris, expediam, et primae revocabo exordia pugnae", + "en": "Awake now, Erato! Who were the kings, what were the times, what the state of affairs in ancient Latium, when first that foreign army landed on Ausonias shore'this will I unfold; and the prelude of the opening strife will I recall." + }, + { + "id": 18652, + "la": "tu vatem, tu, diva, mone", + "en": "And you, goddess, prompt your bard!" + }, + { + "id": 18653, + "la": "dicam horrida bella, dicam acies actosque animis in funera reges, Tyrrhenamque manum totamque sub arma coactam Hesperiam", + "en": "I will tell of grim wars, will tell of battle array, and princes in their valour rushing upon death'of Tyrrhenian bands, and all Hesperia mustered in arms." + }, + { + "id": 18654, + "la": "maior rerum mihi nascitur ordo, maius opus moveo", + "en": "Greater is the story that opens before me; greater is the task that I attempt." + }, + { + "id": 18655, + "la": "Rex arva Latinus et urbes iam senior longa placidas in pace regebat", + "en": "King Latinus, now old, ruled over lands and towns in the calm of a long peace." + }, + { + "id": 18656, + "la": "hunc Fauno et nympha genitum Laurente Marica accipimus;", + "en": "He was sprung of Faunus, we are told, and the Laurentine nymph, Marica." + }, + { + "id": 18657, + "la": "Fauno Picus pater, isque parentem te, Saturne, refert, tu sanguinis ultimus auctor", + "en": "Faunus sire was Picus, and he boasts you, Saturn, as his father; you are the first founder of the line." + }, + { + "id": 18658, + "la": "filius huic fato divum prolesque virilis nulla fuit, primaque oriens erepta iuventa est", + "en": "By Heavens decree his son, his male descent, was no more, but had been cut off in the spring of early youth." + }, + { + "id": 18659, + "la": "sola domum et tantas servabat filia sedes iam matura viro, iam plenis nubilis annis", + "en": "Alone, to preserve the house and noble home, was a daughter, now ripe for a husband, now of full age to be a bride." + }, + { + "id": 18660, + "la": "multi illam magno e Latio totaque petebant Ausonia; petit ante alios pulcherrimus omnis Turnus, avis atavisque potens, quem regia coniunx adiungi generum miro properabat amore; sed variis portenta deum terroribus obstant", + "en": "Many wooed her from wide Latium and all Ausonia, yet handsomest above all other wooers was Turnus, of long and lofty ancestry, whom the queen mother yearned with wondrous passion to unite to her as son. But divine portents, with manifold alarms, bar the way." + }, + { + "id": 18661, + "la": "laurus erat tecti medio in penetralibus altis sacra comam multosque metu servata per annos, quam pater inventam, primas cum conderet arces, ipse ferebatur Phoebo sacrasse Latinus, Laurentisque ab ea nomen posuisse colonis", + "en": "In the midst of the palace, in the high inner courts, stood a laurel of sacred foliage, preserved in awe through many years, which lord Latinus himself was said to have founded and dedicated to Phoebus, when he built his first towers; and from it he gave his settlers their name Laurentes." + }, + { + "id": 18662, + "la": "huius apes summum densae (mirabile dictu) stridore ingenti liquidum trans aethera vectae obsedere apicem, et pedibus per mutua nexis examen subitum ramo frondente pependit", + "en": "In the top of this tree, wondrous to tell, settled a dense swarm of bees, borne with loud humming across the liquid air, and with feet intertwined hung in sudden swarm from the leafy bough." + }, + { + "id": 18663, + "la": "continuo vates externum cernimus inquit adventare virum et partis petere agmen easdem partibus ex isdem et summa dominarier arce.", + "en": "At once the prophet cries: I see a stranger draw near; from the selfsame quarter a troop seeks the same quarter, and reigns in the topmost citadel!" + }, + { + "id": 18664, + "la": "praeterea, castis adolet dum altaria taedis, et iuxta genitorem astat Lavinia virgo, visa (nefas) longis comprendere crinibus ignem atque omnem ornatum flamma crepitante cremari, regalisque accensa comas, accensa coronam insignem gemmis; tum fumida lumine fulvo involvi ac totis Volcanum spargere tectis", + "en": "Moreover, while with hallowed torch he kindles the altars, and at her fathers side stands the maiden Lavinia, she was seen (O horror!) to catch fire in her long tresses, and burn with crackling flame in all her headgear, her queenly hair ablaze, ablaze her jewelled coronal; then wreathed in smoke and yellow glare, she scattered fire throughout the palace." + }, + { + "id": 18665, + "la": "id vero horrendum ac visu mirabile ferri: namque fore inlustrem fama fatisque canebant ipsam, sed populo magnum portendere bellum", + "en": "That indeed was noised abroad as an awful and wondrous vision; for she, they foretold, would herself be glorious in fame and fortune, yet to her people she boded a mighty war." + }, + { + "id": 18666, + "la": "At rex sollicitus monstris oracula Fauni, fatidici genitoris, adit lucosque sub alta consulit Albunea, nemorum quae maxima sacro fonte sonat saevamque exhalat opaca mephitim", + "en": "But the king, troubled by the portent, visits the oracle of Faunus, his prophetic sire, and consults the groves beneath high Albunea, which, mightiest of forests, 4 echoes with hallowed fountain, and breathes forth from her darkness a deadly vapour." + }, + { + "id": 18667, + "la": "hinc Italae gentes omnisque Oenotria tellus in dubiis responsa petunt; huc dona sacerdos cum tulit et caesarum ovium sub nocte silenti pellibus incubuit stratis somnosque petivit, multa modis simulacra videt volitantia miris et varias audit voces fruiturque deorum conloquio atque imis Acheronta adfatur Avern is", + "en": "From this place the tribes of Italy and all the Oenotrian land seek responses in days of doubt; to it the priestess brings the offerings , and as she lies under the silent night on the outspread fleeces of slaughtered sheep and woos slumber, she sees many phantoms flitting in wondrous wise, hears many voices, holds converse with the gods, and speaks with Acheron in lowest Avernus." + }, + { + "id": 18668, + "la": "hic et tum pater ipse petens responsa Latinus centum lanigeras mactabat rite bidentis, atque harum effultus tergo stratisque iacebat velleribus: subita ex alto vox reddita luco est: ne pete conubiis natam sociare Latinis, o mea progenies, thalamis neu crede paratis; externi venient generi, qui sanguine nostrum nomen in astra ferant, quorumque a stirpe nepotes omnia sub pedibus, qua sol utrumque recurrens aspicit Oceanum, vertique regique videbunt.", + "en": "Here then, also, King Latinus himself, seeking an answer, duly slaughtered a hundred woolly sheep, and lay couched on their hides and outspread fleeces. Suddenly a voice came from the deepgrove: Seek not, my son, to ally your daughter in Latin wedlock, and put no faith in the bridal chamber that is ready at hand. Strangers shall come, to be your sons, whose blood shall exalt our name to the stars, and the children of whose race shall behold, where the circling sun looks on each ocean, 5 the whole world roll obedient beneath their feet." + }, + { + "id": 18669, + "la": "haec responsa patris Fauni monitusque silenti nocte datos non ipse suo premit ore Latinus, sed circum late volitans iam Fama per urbes Ausonias tulerat, cum Laomedontia pubes gramineo ripae religavit ab aggere classem", + "en": "This answer of his father Faunus, and the warning he gave in the silent night, Latinus keeps not shut within his own lips; but Rumour, flitting far and wide, had already borne the tidings through the Ausonian cities when the sons of Laomedon moored their ships to the rivers grassy bank." + }, + { + "id": 18670, + "la": "Aeneas primique duces et pulcher Iulus corpora sub ramis deponunt arboris altae, instituuntque dapes et adorea liba per herbam subiciunt epulis (sic Iuppiter ipse monebat) et Cereale solum pomis agrestibus augent", + "en": "Aeneas, his chief captains, and fair Ilus lay their limbs to rest under the boughs of a high tree, and spread the feast; they place cakes of meal on the grass beneath the food'Jove himself inspired them'and they crown the wheaten base with fruits of the field." + }, + { + "id": 18671, + "la": "consumptis hic forte aliis, ut vertere morsus exiguam in Cererem penuria adegit edendi, et violare manu malisque audacibus orbem fatalis crusti patulis nec parcere quadris: heus, etiam mensas consumimus? inquit Iulus, nec plura, adludens", + "en": "Here, haply, when the rest was consumed, and the scantness of fare drove them to turn their teeth upon the thin cakes'to profane with hand and daring jaw the fateful circles of crust, and spare not the broad loaves: Oh, look! we are eating our tables too! said Iulus in jest; and said no more." + }, + { + "id": 18672, + "la": "ea vox audita laborum prima tulit finem, primamque loquentis ab ore eripuit pater ac stupefactus numine pressit", + "en": "That cry, when heard, first brought an end of toil; and as it first fell from the speakers lips, his father caught it up and checked his utterance, awestruck at Heavens will." + }, + { + "id": 18673, + "la": "continuo salve fatis mihi debita tellus vosque ait o fidi Troiae salvete penates: hic domus, haec patria est", + "en": "Straightway, Hail, he cries, land destined as my due! and hail to you, faithful gods of Troy! Here is our home, here our country!" + }, + { + "id": 18674, + "la": "genitor mihi talia namque (nunc repeto) Anchises fatorum arcana reliquit: cum te, nate, fames ignota ad litora vectum accisis coget dapibus consumere mensas, tum sperare domos defessus, ibique memento prima locare manu molirique aggere tecta.", + "en": "For my father Anchises 'now I recall it'bequeathed me this secret of fate: My son, when you are carried to an unknown shore and hunger compels you, as food fails, to eat your tables, then in your weariness hope for a home, and there be mindful first to set up your dwellings with your hand and bank them with a mound." + }, + { + "id": 18675, + "la": "haec erat illa fames, haec nos suprema manebat exitiis positura modum", + "en": "This was that hunger foretold, this the last strait awaiting us, that was to set an end to our deadly woes!" + }, + { + "id": 18676, + "la": "quare agite et primo laeti cum lumine solis quae loca, quive habeant homines, ubi moenia gentis, vestigemus et a portu diversa petamus", + "en": "Come then, and gladly with the suns first beams let us explore what lands these are, what people here dwell, where is the city of the nation, and from the harbour let us explore in different directions." + }, + { + "id": 18677, + "la": "nunc pateras libate Iovi precibusque vocate Anchisen genitorem, et vina reponite mensis.", + "en": "Now pour your cups to Jove, and call in prayer on my sire Anchises, and set the wine again upon the board." + }, + { + "id": 18678, + "la": "Sic deinde effatus frondenti tempora ramo implicat et geniumque loci primamque deorum Tellurem Nymphasque et adhuc ignota precatur flumina, tum Noctem Noctisque orientia signa Idaeumque Iovem Phrygiamque ex ordine matrem invocat, et duplicis caeloque Ereboque parentis", + "en": "So speaking, he straightway wreaths his temples with leafy bough and prays to the genius of the place, and Earth, first of gods; to the nymphs and the rivers yet unknown; then to Night and Nights rising signs, and to Jove of Ida and the Phrygian Mother, each in order, and his two parents, in heaven and in the underworld." + }, + { + "id": 18679, + "la": "hic pater omnipotens ter caelo clarus ab alto intonuit, radiisque ardentem lucis et auro ipse manu quatiens ostendit ab aethere nubem", + "en": "At this, the almighty Father thundered thrice from a clear sky, and showed forth from heaven a cloud ablaze with shafts of golden light, brandishing it in his own hand." + }, + { + "id": 18680, + "la": "diditur hic subito Troiana per agmina rumor advenisse diem quo debita moenia condant", + "en": "Then suddenly through the Trojan band runs the rumour that the day has come to found their promised city." + }, + { + "id": 18681, + "la": "certatim instaurant epulas atque omine magno crateras laeti statuunt et vina coronant", + "en": "Emulously they renew the feast, and cheered by the mighty omen set on the bowls and wreathe the wine." + }, + { + "id": 18682, + "la": "Postera cum prima lustrabat lampade terras orta dies, urbem et finis et litora gentis diversi explorant: haec fontis stagna Numici, hunc Thybrim fluvium, hic fortis habitare Latinos", + "en": "On the morrow, when the risen day was lighting the earth with her earliest torch, by separate ways they search out the city and boundaries and coasts of the nation. This, they learn, is the pool of Numicius fount; this the Tiber river; here dwell the brave Latins." + }, + { + "id": 18683, + "la": "tum satus Anchisa delectos ordine ab omni centum oratores augusta ad moenia regis ire iubet, ramis velatos Palladis omnis, donaque ferre viro pacemque exposcere Teucris", + "en": "Then Anchises son commands a hundred envoys, chosen from every rank, to go to the kings stately city, all shadowed by the boughs of Pallas, to bear gifts to the hero, and crave peace for the Trojans." + }, + { + "id": 18684, + "la": "haud mora, festinant iussi rapidisque feruntur passibus", + "en": "They linger not, but hasten at his bidding and move with rapid steps." + }, + { + "id": 18685, + "la": "ipse humili designat moenia fossa moliturque locum, primasque in litore sedes castrorum in morem pinnis atque aggere cingit", + "en": "Aeneas himself marks out his walls with a shallow trench, toils over the ground, and encircles this first settlement on the coast, after the fashion of a camp, with mound and battlements." + }, + { + "id": 18686, + "la": "iamque iter emensi turris ac tecta Latini ardua cernebant iuvenes muroque subibant", + "en": "And now his men had traversed their way; they were in sight of the towers and steeproofs of Latinus, and drew near to the wall." + }, + { + "id": 18687, + "la": "ante urbem pueri et primaevo flore iuventus exercentur equis domitantque in pulvere currus, aut acris tendunt arcus aut lenta lacertis spicula contorquent, cursuque ictuque lacessunt: cum praevectus equo longaevi regis ad auris nuntius ingentis ignota in veste reportat advenisse viros", + "en": "Outside the city, boys and youths in their early bloom practise horsemanship, or break in teams amid the dust, or bend eager bows, or hurl with their arms tough darts, and challenge each other to race or box'when, galloping up, a messenger brings word to the aged monarchs ears that mighty men are come in unknown attire." + }, + { + "id": 18688, + "la": "ille intra tecta vocari imperat et solio medius consedit avito", + "en": "The king bids them be summoned into the halls, and takes his seat in the midst on his ancestral throne." + }, + { + "id": 18689, + "la": "Tectum augustum, ingens, centum sublime columnis urbe fuit summa, Laurentis regia Pici, horrendum silvis et religione parentum", + "en": "Stately and vast, towering with a hundred columns, his house crowned the city, once the palace of Laurentian Picus, awe-inspiring with its grove and the reverence of generations." + }, + { + "id": 18690, + "la": "hic sceptra accipere et primos attollere fascis regibus omen erat; hoc illis curia templum, hae sacris sedes epulis; hic ariete caeso perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis", + "en": "Here it was auspicious for kings to receive the sceptre, and first uplift the fasces; this shrine was their senate house, this the scene of their holy feasts; here, after slaughter of rams, the elders were wont to sit down at the long line of tables." + }, + { + "id": 18691, + "la": "quin etiam veterum effigies ex ordine avorum antiqua e cedro, Italusque paterque Sabinus fmpr vitisator curvam servans sub imagine falcem, Saturnusque senex Ianique bifrontis imago vestibulo astabant, aliique ab origine reges, Martiaque ob patriam pugnando vulnera passi", + "en": "There, too, in order are images of their forefathers of long ago, carved of old cedar'Italus and father Sabinus, planter of the vine, guarding in his image the curved pruning hook, and aged Saturn, and the likeness of two-faced Janus'all standing in the vestibule; and other kings from the beginning, and men who had suffered wounds of war, fighting for their fatherland." + }, + { + "id": 18692, + "la": "multaque praeterea sacris in postibus arma, captivi pendent currus curvaeque secures et cristae capitum et portarum ingentia claustra spiculaque clipeique ereptaque rostra carinis", + "en": "Many arms, moreover, hang on the sacred doors, captive chariots, curved axes, helmet crests and massive bars of city gates; javelins and shields and beaks wrenched from ships." + }, + { + "id": 18693, + "la": "ipse Quirinali lituo parvaque sedebat succinctus trabea laevaque ancile gerebat Picus, equum domitor, quem capta cupidine coniunx aurea percussum virga versumque venenis fecit avem Circe sparsitque coloribus alas", + "en": "There sat one, holding the Quirinal staff and girded in his robe of state, his left hand bearing the sacred shield'Picus, tamer of steeds, whom his bride Circe, smitten with loves longing, struck with her golden rod, and with drugs changed into a bird with plumes of dappled hue." + }, + { + "id": 18694, + "la": "Tali intus templo divum patriaque Latinus sede sedens Teucros ad sese in tecta vocavit, atque haec ingressis placido prior edidit ore: dicite, Dardanidae (neque enim nescimus et urbem et genus, auditique advertitis aequore cursum), quid petitis? quae causa rates aut cuius egentis litus ad Ausonium tot per vada caerula vexit? sive errore viae seu tempestatibus acti, qualia multa mari nautae patiuntur in alto, fluminis intrastis ripas portuque sedetis, ne fugite hospitium, neve ignorate Latinos Saturni gentem haud vinclo nec legibus aequam, sponte sua veterisque dei se more tenentem", + "en": "Such was the temple of the gods in which Latinus, seated on the throne of his fathers, summoned the Teucrians to his presence in the halls, and as they entered greeted them thus with gentle countenance: Tell, sons of Dardanus'for your city and race we know, and not unheard of is your journey over the deep'what do you seek? What cause, or what need, has borne you to the Ausonian shore over so many dark-blue waters? Whether straying from your course, or driven by storms (for such things sailors often suffer on the high seas), you have entered the river banks and lie in haven, shun not our welcome, and be not unaware that the Latins are Saturns race, righteous not by bond or laws, but self-controlled of their own free will and by the custom of their ancient god." + }, + { + "id": 18695, + "la": "atque equidem memini (fama est obscurior annis) Auruncos ita ferre senes, his ortus ut agris Dardanus Idaeas Phrygiae penetrarit ad urbes Threiciamque Samum, quae nunc Samothracia fertur", + "en": "And in truth I remember, though time has dimmed the tale, that Auruncan elders told how in this land Dardanus was born, and hence passed to the towns of Phrygian Ida and Thracian Samos, that men now call Samothrace." + }, + { + "id": 18696, + "la": "hinc illum Corythi Tyrrhena ab sede profectum aurea nunc solio stellantis regia caeli accipit et numerum divorum altaribus auget.", + "en": "It was from here, from the Tuscan home of Corythus, he came, and now the golden palace of the starry sky admits him to a throne, and he increases the number of altars of the gods." + }, + { + "id": 18697, + "la": "Dixerat, et dicta Ilioneus sic voce secutus: rex, genus egregium Fauni, nec fluctibus actos atra subegit hiems vestris succedere terris, nec sidus regione viae litusve fefellit: consilio hanc omnes animisque volentibus urbem adferimur pulsi regnis, quae maxima quondam extremo veniens sol aspiciebat Olympo", + "en": "He ceased, and Ilioneus followed thus: O King, illustrious seed of Faunus, no black storm has tossed us on the waves and driven us to seek shelter in your lands, nor has star or shore misled us in our course. Of set purpose and with willing hearts do we draw near to this city of yours, exiled from a realm once the greatest that the sun beheld as he journeyed from the uttermost heaven." + }, + { + "id": 18698, + "la": "ab Iove principium generis, Iove Dardana pubes gaudet avo, rex ipse Iovis de gente suprema:", + "en": "From Jove is the origin of our race; in Jove, their ancestor, the sons of Dardanus glory; of Joves supreme race is our king himself," + }, + { + "id": 18699, + "la": "Trous Aeneas tua nos ad limina misit", + "en": "Trojan Aeneas, who has sent us to your doors." + }, + { + "id": 18700, + "la": "quanta per Idaeos saevis effusa Mycenis tempestas ierit campos, quibus actus uterque Europae atque Asiae fatis concurrerit orbis, audiit et si quem tellus extrema refuso summovet Oceano et si quem extenta plagarum quattuor in medio dirimit plaga solis iniqui", + "en": "How fierce the storm that burst from cruel Mycenae and passed over the plains of Ida; how, driven by fate, the two worlds of Europe and Asia clashed'this has come to the ears of all whom the farthest land where Ocean is flung back keeps far away, and of all whom the zone of the tyrannous sun, stretched in the middle of the four, severs from us." + }, + { + "id": 18701, + "la": "diluvio ex illo tot vasta per aequora vecti dis sedem exiguam patriis litusque rogamus innocuum et cunctis undamque auramque patentem", + "en": "From that deluge we have sailed over many waste seas, and now crave a scant home for our countrys gods, a harmless landing place, and air and water free to all." + }, + { + "id": 18702, + "la": "non erimus regno indecores, nec vestra feretur fama levis tantique abolescet gratia facti, nec Troiam Ausonios gremio excepisse pigebit", + "en": "We shall be no shame to the realm, nor shall your renown be lightly told or the grace of such a deed grow faint, nor shall Ausonia repent of having welcomed Troy to her breast." + }, + { + "id": 18703, + "la": "fata per Aeneae iuro dextramque potentem, sive fide seu quis bello est expertus et armis: multi nos populi, multae (ne temne, quod ultro praeferimus manibus vittas ac verba precantia) et petiere sibi et voluere adiungere gentes; sed nos fata deum vestras exquirere terras imperiis egere suis", + "en": "By the fortunes of Aeneas I swear, and by his right hand, found strong when any tested it for loyalty or in war and arms: many are the peoples, many the nations'scorn us not, that of ourselves we proffer garlands with our hands and address to you words of suppliance'who have sought us for themselves and craved our alliance; but the will of heaven has forced us by its behests to seek out your shores." + }, + { + "id": 18704, + "la": "hinc Dardanus ortus, huc repetit iussisque ingentibus urget Apollo Tyrrhenum ad Thybrim et fontis vada sacra Numici", + "en": "From here Dardanus came forth, hither Apollo calls us back and with high decrees urges us to Tuscan Tiber and the sacred waters of the Numician spring." + }, + { + "id": 18705, + "la": "dat tibi praeterea fortunae parva prioris munera, reliquias Troia ex ardente receptas", + "en": "Further, to you our king offers these poor tokens of his former fortune'relics snatched from burning Troy." + }, + { + "id": 18706, + "la": "hoc pater Anchises auro libabat ad aras, hoc Priami gestamen erat cum iura vocatis more daret populis, sceptrumque sacerque tiaras Iliadumque labor vestes.", + "en": "With this gold did his father Anchises pour libation at the altars; this was Priams array when after his wont he gave laws to the assembled nations'the sceptre, the sacred diadem, and the robes wrought by Iliums daughters. . . ." + }, + { + "id": 18707, + "la": "Talibus Ilionei dictis defixa Latinus obtutu tenet ora soloque immobilis haeret, intentos volvens oculos", + "en": "At these words of Ilioneus Latinus holds his face fixed in steady gaze downward, moving his eyes in deep thought." + }, + { + "id": 18708, + "la": "nec purpura regem picta movet nec sceptra movent Priamea tantum quantum in conubio natae thalamoque moratur, et veteris Fauni volvit sub pectore sortem: hunc illum fatis externa ab sede profectum portendi generum paribusque in regna vocari auspiciis, huic progeniem virtute futuram egregiam et totum quae viribus occupet orbem", + "en": "Nor is it so much that the embroidered purple or the sceptre of Priam moves the king, as that he broods over his daughters wedlock and bridal bed, and revolves in his breast the oracle of ancient Faunus. This, he thought, must be he who, coming from a strangers home, is predestined by the fates as my son, and called to sovereignty with equal power; his must be the offspring, glorious in valour, whose might is to master all the world." + }, + { + "id": 18709, + "la": "tandem laetus ait: di nostra incepta secundent auguriumque suum! dabitur, Troiane, quod optas", + "en": "At last, in gladness, he speaks: May the gods prosper our intent and their own prophecy! Trojan, your wish shall be granted;" + }, + { + "id": 18710, + "la": "munera nec sperno: non vobis rege Latino divitis uber agri Troiaeve opulentia deerit", + "en": "nor do I spurn your gifts. While Latinus is king, you shall not lack the bounty of a fruitful soil, nor Troys abundance." + }, + { + "id": 18711, + "la": "ipse modo Aeneas, nostri si tanta cupido est, si iungi hospitio properat sociusque vocari, adveniat, vultus neve exhorrescat amicos: pars mihi pacis erit dextram tetigisse tyranni", + "en": "Only let Aeneas, if so he longs for us, if he is eager to join us in amity and be called our ally, let him come in person and shrink not from friendly eyes. To me it shall be a term of the peace to have touched your sovereigns hand!" + }, + { + "id": 18712, + "la": "vos contra regi mea nunc mandata referte: est mihi nata, viro gentis quam iungere nostrae non patrio ex adyto sortes, non plurima caelo monstra sinunt; generos externis adfore ab oris, hoc Latio restare canunt, qui sanguine nostrum nomen in astra ferant", + "en": "Now in turn take back to the king my answer: I have a daughter whom oracles from my fathers shrine and countless prodigies from heaven do not allow me to unite to a bridegroom of our race; sons shall come from shores of strangers'such destiny, they foretell, awaits Latium'whose blood shall exalt our name to the stars." + }, + { + "id": 18713, + "la": "hunc illum poscere fata et reor et, si quid veri mens augurat, opto", + "en": "That this is he on whom fate calls, I both think, and, if my soul forebodes aught of truth, I wish it too." + }, + { + "id": 18714, + "la": "Haec effatus equos numero pater eligit omni (stabant ter centum nitidi in praesepibus altis); omnibus extemplo Teucris iubet ordine duci fmr instratos ostro alipedes pictisque tapetis (aurea pectoribus demissa monilia pendent,", + "en": "With these words the old king picks out horses from all his number'three hundred stood sleek in their high stalls. At once for all the Teucrians in order he commands them to be led forth, fleet of foot and caparisoned with purple and embroidered housings." + }, + { + "id": 18715, + "la": "tecti auro fulvum mandunt sub dentibus aurum), absenti Aeneae currum geminosque iugalis semine ab aetherio spirantis naribus ignem, illorum de gente patri quos daedala Circe supposita de matre nothos furata creavit", + "en": "Golden are the chains that hang low from their breasts, of gold are their trappings, and yellow gold they champ with their teeth. For the absent Aeneas he chooses a chariot and twin coursers of ethereal seed, breathing fire from their nostrils, and sprung from the stock of those steeds which cunning Circe, stealing them from her sire, bred bastard from the mare she had mated." + }, + { + "id": 18716, + "la": "talibus Aeneadae donis dictisque Latini sublimes in equis redeunt pacemque reportant", + "en": "With such words and gifts from Latinus, the sons of Aeneas, mounted on their horses, return carrying back peace." + }, + { + "id": 18717, + "la": "Ecce autem Inachiis sese referebat ab Argis saeva Iovis coniunx aurasque invecta tenebat, et laetum Aenean classemque ex aethere longe Dardaniam Siculo prospexit ab usque Pachyno", + "en": "But the fierce wife of Jove was coming back from Argos, city of Inachus, holding her airy flight; and from the sky afar, all the way from Sicilian Pachynus, she espied the rejoicing Aeneas and his Dardan fleet." + }, + { + "id": 18718, + "la": "moliri iam tecta videt, iam fidere terrae, deseruisse rates: stetit acri fixa dolore", + "en": "She sees them already building a home, already trusting in the land, their ships deserted. She stopped, pierced with sharp grief;" + }, + { + "id": 18719, + "la": "tum quassans caput haec effundit pectore dicta: heu stirpem invisam et fatis contraria nostris fata Phrygum! num Sigeis occumbere campis, num capti potuere capi? num incensa cremavit Troia viros? medias acies mediosque per ignis invenere viam", + "en": "then, shaking her head, pours forth from her breast these words: Ah! hated race, and Phrygian fates that cross my own! Could they not have perished on the Sigean plains? Captured, could they not have suffered captivity? Did the fires of Troy consume them? No! through the midst of armies, through the midst of flames, they have found a way." + }, + { + "id": 18720, + "la": "at, credo, mea numina tandem fessa iacent, odiis aut exsaturata quievi", + "en": "But I think my power at last lies outworn; or my wrath is sated, and I rest!" + }, + { + "id": 18721, + "la": "quin etiam patria excussos infesta per undas ausa sequi et profugis toto me opponere ponto absumptae in Teucros vires caelique marisque", + "en": "Nay more, when they were hurled forth from their country, with my vengeance I dared to follow the exiles through the waves and confront them over all the deep: against the Teucrians has been spent all the power of sea and sky." + }, + { + "id": 18722, + "la": "quid Syrtes aut Scylla mihi, quid vasta Charybdis profuit? optato conduntur Thybridis alveo securi pelagi atque mei", + "en": "Yet what have the Syrtes availed me, or Scylla, what yawning Charybdis? They find shelter in Tibers longed-for channel, heedless of ocean and of me." + }, + { + "id": 18723, + "la": "", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 18724, + "la": "Mars perdere gentem immanem Lapithum valuit, concessit in iras ipse deum antiquam genitor Calydona Dianae, quod scelus aut Lapithas tantum aut Calydona merentem? ast ego, magna Iovis coniunx, nil linquere inausum quae potui infelix, quae memet in omnia verti, vincor ab Aenea", + "en": "Mars could destroy the Lapiths giant race; the very father of the gods yielded ancient Calydon to Dianas wrath, though for what heinous sin did Lapiths or Calydon merit such penalty? But I, Joves mighty consort, who have endured, poor wretch, to leave nothing undared, who have turned myself to every shift, I am worsted by Aeneas!" + }, + { + "id": 18725, + "la": "quod si mea numina non sunt magna satis, dubitem haud equidem implorare quod usquam est: flectere si nequeo superos, Acheronta movebo", + "en": "But if my powers are not strong enough, surely I need not be slow to seek help wherever it may be; if Heaven I cannot bend, then Hell I will arouse!" + }, + { + "id": 18726, + "la": "non dabitur regnis, esto, prohibere Latinis, atque immota manet fatis Lavinia coniunx: at trahere atque moras tantis licet addere rebus, at licet amborum populos exscindere regum", + "en": "Not mine will it be'I grant it'to keep him from the crown of Latium, and by fate Lavinia abides immovably his bride; yet to put off the hour and to bring delay to such great issues'that I may do; I may yet uproot the nations of both kings." + }, + { + "id": 18727, + "la": "hac gener atque socer coeant mercede suorum: sanguine Troiano et Rutulo dotabere, virgo, et Bellona manet te pronuba", + "en": "At such price of their peoples lives may father and son-in-law be united! Blood of Trojan and Rutulian shall be your dower, maiden, and Bellona awaits you as your bridal matron." + }, + { + "id": 18728, + "la": "nec face tantum Cisseis praegnas ignis enixa iugalis; quin idem Veneri partus suus et Paris alter, funestaeque iterum recidiva in Pergama taedae.", + "en": "Nor was it only Cisseus daughter who conceived a firebrand and gave birth to nuptial flames. No, Venus has the like in her own child, a second Paris, another funeral torch for re-born Troy." + }, + { + "id": 18729, + "la": "Haec ubi dicta dedit, terras horrenda petivit; luctificam Allecto dirarum ab sede dearum infernisque ciet tenebris, cui tristia bella iraeque insidiaeque et crimina noxia cordi", + "en": "When she had uttered these words, with awful countenance she came to earth, and calls baleful Allecto from the home of the Dread Goddesses and the infernal shades'Allecto, whose heart is set on gloomy wars, passions, plots, and baneful crimes." + }, + { + "id": 18730, + "la": "odit et ipse pater Pluton, odere sorores Tartareae monstrum: tot sese vertit in ora, tam saevae facies, tot pullulat atra colubris", + "en": "Hateful is the monster even to her sire Pluto, hateful to her Tartarean sisters; so many are the forms she assumes, so savage their aspect, so thick her black sprouting vipers." + }, + { + "id": 18731, + "la": "quam Iuno his acuit verbis ac talia fatur: hunc mihi da proprium, virgo sata Nocte, laborem, hanc operam, ne noster honos infractave cedat fama loco, neu conubiis ambire Latinum Aeneadae possint Italosve obsidere finis", + "en": "Her Juno inflames with these words, speaking thus: Grant me, maiden daughter of Night, this service, a boon all my own, that my honour and glory not yield overmastered, and that the sons of Aeneas be not able to cajole Latinus with wedlock or beset the borders of Italy." + }, + { + "id": 18732, + "la": "tu potes unanimos armare in proelia fratres atque odiis versare domos, tu verbera tectis funereasque inferre faces, tibi nomina mille, mille nocendi artes", + "en": "You can arm for strife brothers of one soul, and overturn homes with hate;you can bring under the roof the lash and funeral torch; you have a thousand names, a thousand means of ill." + }, + { + "id": 18733, + "la": "fecundum concute pectus, disice compositam pacem, sere crimina belli; arma velit poscatque simul rapiatque iuventus.", + "en": "Rouse your fertile bosom, shatter the pact of peace, sow seeds of wicked war! In the same hour let the men crave, demand, and seize the sword!" + }, + { + "id": 18734, + "la": "Exim Gorgoneis Allecto infecta venenis principio Latium et Laurentis tecta tyranni celsa petit, tacitumque obsedit limen Amatae, quam super adventu Teucrum Turnique hymenaeis femineae ardentem curaeque iraeque coquebant", + "en": "At this Allecto, steeped in Gorgonian venom, first seeks Latium and the high halls of the Laurentine king, and sits down before the silent threshold of Amata, who, with a womans distress, a womans passion, was seething with frenzy over the Teucrians coming and Turnus marriage." + }, + { + "id": 18735, + "la": "huic dea caeruleis unum de crinibus anguem conicit, inque sinum praecordia ad intima subdit, quo furibunda domum monstro permisceat omnem", + "en": "On her the goddess flings a snake from her dusky tresses, and thrusts it into her bosom, into her inmost heart, that maddened by the pest she may embroil all the house." + }, + { + "id": 18736, + "la": "ille inter vestis et levia pectora lapsus volvitur attactu nullo, fallitque furentem vipeream inspirans animam; fit tortile collo mr aurum ingens coluber, fit longae taenia vittae innectitque comas et membris lubricus errat", + "en": "Gliding between her raiment and smooth breasts, it winds its way unfelt and, unseen by the frenzied woman, breathes into her its viperous breath. The huge snake becomes the collar of twisted gold about her neck, becomes the festoon of the long fillet, entwines itself into her hair, and slides smoothly over her limbs." + }, + { + "id": 18737, + "la": "ac dum prima lues udo sublapsa veneno pertemptat sensus atque ossibus implicat ignem necdum animus toto percepit pectore flammam, mollius et solito matrum de more locuta est, multa super natae lacrimans Phrygiisque hymenaeis: exsulibusne datur ducenda Lavinia Teucris, o genitor, nec te miseret nataeque tuique? nec matris miseret, quam primo Aquilone relinquet perfidus alta petens abducta virgine praedo?", + "en": "And while first the taint, stealing on in fluent poison, thrills her senses and wraps her bones with fire, and her soul has not yet caught the flame throughout her breast, softly, and as mothers are wont, she spoke, shedding many a tear over her daughters and the Phrygians wedlock: Is it to exiled Teucrians Lavinia is given as wife, O father? And have you no pity on your daughter and yourself? Have you no pity on her mother, whom with the first North Wind the faithless pirate will desert, steering for the deep with the maid as booty?" + }, + { + "id": 18738, + "la": "an non sic Phrygius penetrat Lacedaemona pastor, Ledaeamque Helenam Troianas vexit ad urbes? quid tua sancta fides? quid cura antiqua tuorum et consanguineo totiens data dextera Turno? si gener externa petitur de gente Latinis, idque sedet, Faunique premunt te iussa parentis, omnem equidem sceptris terram quae libera nostris dissidet externam reor et sic dicere divos", + "en": "Or was it not thus that the Phrygian shepherd entered Lacedaemon and bore off Ledas Helen to Trojan towns? What of your solemn pledge? What of your old love for your own, and the hand so often pledged to Turnus, your kinsman? If a son-in-law of foreign stock is sought for Latins, and if that is fixed, and the commands of your sire Faunus weigh upon you, then I hold that every land, free and separate from our rule, is strange, and that such is the word of the gods." + }, + { + "id": 18739, + "la": "et Turno, si prima domus repetatur origo, Inachus Acrisiusque patres mediaeque Mycenae.", + "en": "Turnus, too, if the first origin of his house be traced back, has ancestry in Inachus and Acrisius and mid-most Mycenae." + }, + { + "id": 18740, + "la": "His ubi nequiquam dictis experta Latinum contra stare videt, penitusque in viscera lapsum serpentis furiale malum totamque pererrat, tum vero infelix ingentibus excita monstris immensam sine more furit lymphata per urbem", + "en": "When, after trying in vain with words, she sees Latinus stand firm against her'when the serpents maddening venom has glided deepinto her veins and courses through her whole frame'then, indeed, the luckless queen, stung by monstrous horrors, in wild frenzy rages from end to end of the city." + }, + { + "id": 18741, + "la": "ceu quondam torto volitans sub verbere turbo, quem pueri magno in gyro vacua atria circum intenti ludo exercent'ille actus habena curvatis fertur spatiis; stupet inscia supra impubesque manus mirata volubile buxum; dant animos plagae: non cursu segnior illo per medias urbes agitur populosque ferocis", + "en": "As at times a top, spinning under the twisted lash, which boys intent on the game drive in a great circle through an empty court'urged by the whip it speeds on round after round; the ignorant childish throng hang over it in wonder, marvelling at the whirling boxwood; the blows give it life: so, no slacker in her course, is she driven through the midst of cities and proud peoples." + }, + { + "id": 18742, + "la": "quin etiam in silvas, simulato numine Bacchi, maius adorta nefas maioremque orsa furorem evolat et natam frondosis montibus abdit, quo thalamum eripiat Teucris taedasque moretur, euhoe Bacche fremens, solum te virgine dignum vociferans: etenim mollis tibi sumere thyrsos, te lustrare choro, sacrum tibi pascere crinem", + "en": "Nay more, feigning the spirit of Bacchus, essaying a greater sin and launching a greater madness, she flies forth to the forest, and hides her daughter in the leafy mountains, in order by this means to rob the Teucrians of their marriage and delay the nuptial torch. Evoe Bacchus! she shrieks. You alone, she shouts, are worthy of the maiden! It is for you, in truth, she takes up the waving thyrsus, to you she pays honour in the dance, for you she grows her sacred tresses." + }, + { + "id": 18743, + "la": "fama volat, furiisque accensas pectore matres idem omnis simul ardor agit nova quaerere tecta", + "en": "Fame flies abroad, and the matrons, their breasts kindled with fury, are driven on, all by the same frenzy, to seek new dwellings." + }, + { + "id": 18744, + "la": "deseruere domos, ventis dant colla comasque; ast aliae tremulis ululatibus aethera complent pampineasque gerunt incinctae pellibus hastas", + "en": "They have left their homes, and bare their necks and hair to the winds, while some fill the sky with tremulous cries and, clad in fawn skins, carry vine-bound spears." + }, + { + "id": 18745, + "la": "ipsa inter medias flagrantem fervida pinum sustinet ac natae Turnique canit hymenaeos sanguineam torquens aciem, torvumque repente clamat: io matres, audite, ubi quaeque, Latinae: si qua piis animis manet infelicis Amatae gratia, si iuris materni cura remordet, solvite crinalis vittas, capite orgia mecum.", + "en": "Herself in their midst, the frenzied queen uplifts a blazing brand of pine and sings the marriage song of her daughter and Turnus, rolling her blood-shot eyes; then of a sudden she fiercely shouts: Ho! mothers of Latium, give ear, wherever you are! If in your loyal hearts still lives affection for unhappy Amata, if care for a mothers rights stings your souls, loose the fillets from your hair, join the revels with me!" + }, + { + "id": 18746, + "la": "talem inter silvas, inter deserta ferarum reginam Allecto stimulis agit undique Bacchi", + "en": "So fares it with the queen, as amid woods, amid wild beasts coverts, Allecto drives her far and wide with Bacchic goad." + }, + { + "id": 18747, + "la": "Postquam visa satis primos acuisse furores consiliumque omnemque domum vertisse Latini, protinus hinc fuscis tristis dea tollitur alis audacis Rutuli ad muros, quam dicitur urbem Acrisionaeis Dana fundasse colonis praecipiti delata Noto", + "en": "As soon as she deemed that she had whetted enough the first shafts of frenzy, and had overturned Latinus purpose and all his household, forthwith the gloomy goddess flies hence on dusky wings to the walls of the bold Rutulian, the city which Dana, they say, borne thither by the headlong South Wind, built with her Acrisian settlers." + }, + { + "id": 18748, + "la": "locus Ardea quondam dictus avis, et nunc magnum manet Ardea nomen, sed fortuna fuit", + "en": "The place was once called Ardea by our forebears, and still Ardea stands, a mighty name, but its fortune is fled." + }, + { + "id": 18749, + "la": "tectis hic Turnus in altis iam mediam nigra carpebat nocte quietem", + "en": "Here in his high palace Turnus, at dead of night, was deep in sleep." + }, + { + "id": 18750, + "la": "Allecto torvam faciem et furialia membra exuit, in vultus sese transformat anilis et frontem obscenam rugis arat, induit albos cum vitta crinis, tum ramum innectit olivae;", + "en": "Allecto puts off her grim features and fiendish limbs, transforms herself into the appearance of an old dame, furrows her loathly brow with wrinkles, assumes hoary locks and a fillet, next entwines them with an olive spray;" + }, + { + "id": 18751, + "la": "fit Calybe Iunonis anus templique sacerdos, et iuveni ante oculos his se cum vocibus offert: Turne, tot incassum fusos patiere labores, et tua Dardaniis transcribi sceptra colonis? rex tibi coniugium et quaesitas sanguine dotes abnegat, externusque in regnum quaeritur heres", + "en": "she becomes Calybe, aged priestess of Juno and her temple, and with these words presents herself to the young mans eyes: Turnus, will you endure all these labours spent in vain, and sceptre transferred to Dardan settlers? The king denies you your bride and the dowry your blood has won, and a stranger is sought as heir to your throne." + }, + { + "id": 18752, + "la": "i nunc, ingratis offer te, inrise, periclis; Tyrrhenas, i, sterne acies, tege pace Latinos", + "en": "So go now, confront thankless perils, scorned as you are: go, lay low the Tuscan ranks; shield the Latins with peace." + }, + { + "id": 18753, + "la": "haec adeo tibi me, placida cum nocte iaceres, ipsa palam fari omnipotens Saturnia iussit", + "en": "This it was that Saturns almighty daughter in person bade me say to you as you were lying in the stillness of night." + }, + { + "id": 18754, + "la": "quare age et armari pubem portisque moveri fmr laetus in arva para, et Phrygios qui flumine pulchro consedere duces pictasque exure carinas", + "en": "Rise then, and gladly make ready the arming of your men, and their march from the gates into the fields. Burn the Phrygian chiefs, who are anchored in our fair stream, burn their painted ships." + }, + { + "id": 18755, + "la": "caelestum vis magna iubet", + "en": "The mighty force of the gods commands." + }, + { + "id": 18756, + "la": "rex ipse Latinus, ni dare coniugium et dicto parere fatetur, sentiat et tandem Turnum experiatur in armis.", + "en": "Let King Latinus himself, unless he consents to give you your bride and stand by his word, know of it, and at last make proof of Turnus as a foe." + }, + { + "id": 18757, + "la": "Hic iuvenis vatem inridens sic orsa vicissim ore refert: classis invectas Thybridis undam non, ut rere, meas effugit nuntius auris; ne tantos mihi finge metus", + "en": "Now the youth, mocking the seer, thus in turn takes up the speech: That a fleet has entered Tibers waters, the news has not, as you suppose, escaped my ear'feign not for me such terrors;" + }, + { + "id": 18758, + "la": "nec regia Iuno immemor est nostri", + "en": "and Queen Juno does not forget me" + }, + { + "id": 18759, + "la": "sed te victa situ verique effeta senectus, o mater, curis nequiquam exercet, et arma regum inter falsa vatem formidine ludit", + "en": "But you, mother, old age, enfeebled by decay and barren of truth, frets with vain distress, and amid the feuds of kings mocks your prophetic soul with false alarms." + }, + { + "id": 18760, + "la": "cura tibi divum effigies et templa tueri; bella viri pacemque gerent qus bella gerenda.", + "en": "Your charge it is to keepthe gods images and temples; war and peace men shall wield, whose work war is." + }, + { + "id": 18761, + "la": "Talibus Allecto dictis exarsit in iras", + "en": "At these words Allecto blazed forth in fury." + }, + { + "id": 18762, + "la": "at iuveni oranti subitus tremor occupat artus, deriguere oculi: tot Erinys sibilat hydris tantaque se facies aperit;", + "en": "But even as the young man spoke, a sudden tremor seized his limbs, and his eyes set in fear; so many are the Furys hissing snakes, so monstrous the countenance that reveals itself." + }, + { + "id": 18763, + "la": "tum flammea torquens lumina cunctantem et quaerentem dicere plura reppulit, et geminos erexit crinibus anguis, verberaque insonuit rabidoque haec addidit ore: en ego victa situ, quam veri effeta senectus arma inter regum falsa formidine ludit", + "en": "Then, rolling her flaming eyes, she thrust him back, as he faltered and sought to say more, reared two snakes from her tresses, sounded her whip, and spoke further with rabid lips: Behold me, enfeebled by decay, whom old age, barren of truth, amid the feuds of kings, mocks with vain alarm!" + }, + { + "id": 18764, + "la": "respice ad haec: adsum dirarum ab sede sororum, bella manu letumque gero.", + "en": "Look on this! I am come from the home of the Dread Sisters, and in my hand I bear war and death" + }, + { + "id": 18765, + "la": "Sic effata facem iuveni coniecit et atro lumine fumantis fixit sub pectore taedas", + "en": "So saying, she hurled at the youth a torch, and fixed in his breast the brand, smoking with lurid light." + }, + { + "id": 18766, + "la": "olli somnum ingens rumpit pavor, ossaque et artus perfundit toto proruptus corpore sudor", + "en": "A monstrous terror broke his sleep, and the sweat, bursting from all his frame, drenched bone and limb." + }, + { + "id": 18767, + "la": "arma amens fremit, arma toro tectisque requirit; saevit amor ferri et scelerata insania belli, ira super: magno veluti cum flamma sonore virgea suggeritur costis undantis ani exsultantque aestu latices, furit intus aquai fumidus atque alte spumis exuberat amnis, nec iam se capit unda, volat vapor ater ad auras", + "en": "For arms he madly shrieks; arms he seeks in couch and chamber; lust of the sword rages in him, the accursed frenzy of war, and resentment crowning all: just as when flaming sticks, loud crackling, are heaped under the sides of a billowing cauldron, and the waters dance with the heat; within seethes the liquid flood, steaming and bubbling uphigh with foam; and now the wave contains itself no longer, and the black smoke soars aloft." + }, + { + "id": 18768, + "la": "ergo iter ad regem polluta pace Latinum indicit primis iuvenum et iubet arma parari, tutari Italiam, detrudere finibus hostem; mr se satis ambobus Teucrisque venire Latinisque", + "en": "Therefore, profaning peace, he orders his chief warriors to march upon Latinus, and bids arms be made ready. Defend Italy, he cries, drive the foe from her borders; I come, a match for both Teucrians and Latins." + }, + { + "id": 18769, + "la": "haec ubi dicta dedit divosque in vota vocavit, certatim sese Rutuli exhortantur in arma", + "en": "When thus he spoke, and called the gods to hear his vows, the Rutuli vie in exhorting one another to arms." + }, + { + "id": 18770, + "la": "hunc decus egregium formae movet atque iuventae, hunc atavi reges, hunc claris dextera factis", + "en": "One is moved by the peerless beauty of his form and youth, one by his royal ancestry, another by the glorious deeds of his hand." + }, + { + "id": 18771, + "la": "Dum Turnus Rutulos animis audacibus implet, Allecto in Teucros Stygiis se concitat alis, arte nova, speculata locum, quo litore pulcher insidiis cursuque feras agitabat Iulus", + "en": "While Turnus fills the Rutuli with daring courage, Allecto on Stygian wing speeds toward the Trojans, with new wiles spying out the place, where, on the shore, fair Ilus was hunting wild beasts with nets and steeds." + }, + { + "id": 18772, + "la": "hic subitam canibus rabiem Cocytia virgo obicit et noto naris contingit odore, ut cervum ardentes agerent; quae prima laborum mrv causa fuit belloque animos accendit agrestis", + "en": "Here the hellish maid flings upon his hounds a sudden frenzy, and touches their nostrils with the well-known scent, so that in hot haste they course a stag. This was the first source of ill; this first kindled the rustic spirit to war." + }, + { + "id": 18773, + "la": "cervus erat forma praestanti et cornibus ingens, Tyrrhidae pueri quem matris ab ubere raptum nutribant Tyrrhusque pater, cui regia parent fmrv armenta et late custodia credita campi", + "en": "There was a stag of wondrous beauty and mighty antlers, which, torn from its mothers breast, the sons of Tyrrhus nurtured, and Tyrrhus, their sire, controller of the royal herds and charged with care of pastures near and far." + }, + { + "id": 18774, + "la": "adsuetum imperiis soror omni Silvia cura mollibus intexens ornabat cornua sertis, pectebatque ferum puroque in fonte lavabat", + "en": "Their sister Silvia had trained it to obey, and with constant love she adorned it, twining its horns with soft garlands, combing the wild things coat, and bathing it in the crystal spring." + }, + { + "id": 18775, + "la": "ille manum patiens mensaeque adsuetus erili errabat silvis rursusque ad limina nota ipse domum sera quamvis se nocte ferebat", + "en": "Tame to handling and accustomed to food from its master, it roved the woods, and of its own accord went home again to the well-known door, however late the night." + }, + { + "id": 18776, + "la": "Hunc procul errantem rabidae venantis Iuli commovere canes, fluvio cum forte secundo deflueret ripaque aestus viridante levaret", + "en": "While far afield the stag was straying, the maddened hounds of the huntsman Ilus started it, as by chance it swam down stream and cooled its heat on the grassy bank." + }, + { + "id": 18777, + "la": "ipse etiam eximiae laudis succensus amore Ascanius curvo derexit spicula cornu; nec dextrae erranti deus afuit, actaque multo perque uterum sonitu perque ilia venit harundo", + "en": "Ascanius himself, too, fired with longing for chiefest honour, aimed a shaft from his bent bow, and the goddess did not fail his faltering hand; the reed whistled as it sped, and pierced belly and flank alike." + }, + { + "id": 18778, + "la": "saucius at quadripes nota intra tecta refugit successitque gemens stabulis, questuque cruentus atque imploranti similis tectum omne replebat", + "en": "But the wounded creature fled under the familiar roof, and moaning crept into its stall, where, bleeding and suppliant-like, it filled all the house with its plaints." + }, + { + "id": 18779, + "la": "Silvia prima soror palmis percussa lacertos auxilium vocat et duros conclamat agrestis", + "en": "First Silvia the sister, beating her arms with her hands, calls for helpand summons the hardy country folk." + }, + { + "id": 18780, + "la": "olli (pestis enim tacitis latet aspera silvis) improvisi adsunt, hic torre armatus obusto, stipitis hic gravidi nodis; quod cuique repertum rimanti telum ira facit", + "en": "They'for the fell fiend lurks in the silent woods'came unlooked for, armed one with seared brand, one with heavy-knotted stick; what each can find in his quest, wrath makes a weapon." + }, + { + "id": 18781, + "la": "vocat agmina Tyrrhus, quadrifidam quercum cuneis ut forte coactis scindebat rapta spirans immane securi", + "en": "Tyrrhus summons his bands, snatching up an axe and breathing savage rage'for then by chance he was cleaving an oak in four with inward driven wedges." + }, + { + "id": 18782, + "la": "At saeva e speculis tempus dea nacta nocendi ardua tecta petit stabuli et de culmine summo pastorale canit signum cornuque recurvo Tartaream intendit vocem, qua protinus omne contremuit nemus et silvae insonuere profundae; audiit et Triviae longe lacus, audiit amnis sulpurea Nar albus aqua fontesque Velini, et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos", + "en": "But the cruel goddess, espying from her watchtower the moment of mischief, seeks the steep farm roof, and from the topmost ridge sounds the shepherds call, and on the twisted horn strains her hellish voice, at which at once every grove trembled and the woods echoed to their depths. It was heard by Trivias lake afar, 21 heard by Nar with his white sulphurous water, and by the springs of Velinus; and startled mothers clasped their children to their breasts." + }, + { + "id": 18783, + "la": "tum vero ad vocem celeres, qua bucina signum dira dedit, raptis concurrunt undique telis indomiti agricolae, nec non et Troa pubes Ascanio auxilium castris effundit apertis", + "en": "Then indeed, hurrying to the sound, with which the dread clarion gave the signal, the wild husband-men snatch uptheir weapons and gather from all sides; no less do the Trojan youth pour through the camps open gates to helpAscanius." + }, + { + "id": 18784, + "la": "derexere acies", + "en": "The lines are ranged:" + }, + { + "id": 18785, + "la": "non iam certamine agresti stipitibus duris agitur sudibusve praeustis, sed ferro ancipiti decernunt atraque late horrescit strictis seges ensibus, aeraque fulgent sole lacessita et lucem sub nubila iactant: fluctus uti primo coepit cum albescere vento, paulatim sese tollit mare et altius undas erigit, inde imo consurgit ad aethera fundo", + "en": "now they do not contend in rustic quarrel with heavy clubs or seared stakes, but with two-edged steel they try the issue; far and wide bristles a dark harvest of drawn swords, while brass shines at the challenge of the sun and flings its light to the clouds: as when a billow begins to whiten under the winds first breath, little by little the sea swells and lifts its waves higher, till at last it rises to heaven from its lowest depths." + }, + { + "id": 18786, + "la": "hic iuvenis primam ante aciem stridente sagitta, natorum Tyrrhi fuerat qui maximus, Almo, sternitur; haesit enim sub gutture vulnus et udae vocis iter tenuemque inclusit sanguine vitam", + "en": "Here in the front rank, young Almo, who had been eldest of Tyrrhus sons, is laid low by a whistling arrow; for the wound was fixed beneath his throat, choking with blood the path of liquid speech and the slender breath." + }, + { + "id": 18787, + "la": "corpora multa virum circa seniorque Galaesus, dum paci medium se offert, iustissimus unus qui fuit Ausoniisque olim ditissimus arvis: quinque greges illi balantum, quina redibant armenta, et terram centum vertebat aratris", + "en": "Around him lie many dead, and among them old Galaesus, slain as he throws himself between to plead for peace'he who was of all men most righteous and once wealthiest in Ausonias fields; for him five flocks bleated, five herds came back from pasture, and a hundred ploughs turned the soil." + }, + { + "id": 18788, + "la": "Atque ea per campos aequo dum Marte geruntur, promissi dea facta potens, ubi sanguine bellum imbuit et primae commisit funera pugnae, deserit Hesperiam et caeli conversa per auras Iunonem victrix adfatur voce superba: en, perfecta tibi bello discordia tristi;", + "en": "While thus over the plains they fight in even warfare, the goddess, her promise fulfilled, when once she has stained with blood and opened with death the first encounter, quits Hesperia, and turning away through the air of heaven, addresses Juno in haughty tones of triumph: Lo, at your will, discord is ripened into gloomy war." + }, + { + "id": 18789, + "la": "dic in amicitiam coeant et foedera iungant quandoquidem Ausonio respersi sanguine Teucros, hoc etiam his addam, tua si mihi certa voluntas: finitimas in bella feram rumoribus urbes, accendamque animos insani Martis amore undique ut auxilio veniant; spargam arma per agros.", + "en": "Bid them unite in friendship and join alliance, seeing that I have sprinkled the Teucrians with Ausonian blood. Moreover, this I will add, if I am assured of your wish: with rumours I will draw bordering towns to battle, and will kindle their minds with lust of maddening war, that from all sides they may come to aid; I will sow the land with arms." + }, + { + "id": 18790, + "la": "tum contra Iuno: terrorum et fraudis abunde est: stant belli causae, pugnatur comminus armis, quae fors prima dedit sanguis novus imbuit arma", + "en": "Then Juno, in answer: Enough of alarms and treachery; the causes of war are established; man with man they fight in arms, and the arms that chance first gave are now stained with fresh blood." + }, + { + "id": 18791, + "la": "talia coniugia et talis celebrent hymenaeos egregium Veneris genus et rex ipse Latinus", + "en": "Let this be the alliance, this the bridal they solemnize'this peerless son of Venus, and this great king Latinus!" + }, + { + "id": 18792, + "la": "te super aetherias errare licentius auras haud pater ille velit, summi regnator Olympi", + "en": "That you should roam too freely in the upper air, the mighty sire, sovereign of high Olympus, did not wish." + }, + { + "id": 18793, + "la": "cede locis", + "en": "Leave this place." + }, + { + "id": 18794, + "la": "ego, si qua super fortuna laborum est, ipsa regam.", + "en": "Whatever issue of sorrow is still to come I will deal with myself." + }, + { + "id": 18795, + "la": "talis dederat Saturnia voces; illa autem attollit stridentis anguibus alas Cocytique petit sedem supera ardua linquens", + "en": "So spoke Saturns daughter; but the other raises her serpent-hissing pinions and, leaving the heights above, seeks her home in Cocytus." + }, + { + "id": 18796, + "la": "est locus Italiae medio sub montibus altis, nobilis et fama multis memoratus in oris, Amsancti valles; densis hunc frondibus atrum urget utrimque latus nemoris, medioque fragosus dat sonitum saxis et torto vertice torrens", + "en": "There is a place in the heart of Italy, beneath high hills, renowned and famed in many lands, the Vale of Amsanctus. On either hand a fringe of forest, dark with dense leafage, hems it in, and in the centre a roaring torrent resounds over the rocks in swirling eddies." + }, + { + "id": 18797, + "la": "hic specus horrendum et saevi spiracula Ditis monstrantur, ruptoque ingens Acheronte vorago pestiferas aperit fauces, qus condita Erinys, invisum numen, terras caelumque levabat", + "en": "Here is shown an awful cavern, and a breathing place of savage Dis; and a vast gorge, from which Acheron bursts forth, opens its pestilential jaws. In these the Fury, abhorred deity, hid, relieving earth and heaven." + }, + { + "id": 18798, + "la": "Nec minus interea extremam Saturnia bello imponit regina manum", + "en": "No less, meanwhile, does Saturns royal daughter put a final hand to the war." + }, + { + "id": 18799, + "la": "ruit omnis in urbem pastorum ex acie numerus, caesosque reportant Almonem puerum foedatique ora Galaesi, implorantque deos obtestanturque Latinum", + "en": "From the battlefield there pours into the city the whole company of shepherds, bearing back the slain'the boy Almo, and Galaesus with mangled face'calling on the gods and adjuring Latinus." + }, + { + "id": 18800, + "la": "Turnus adest medioque in crimine caedis et igni terrorem ingeminat: Teucros in regna vocari, stirpem admisceri Phrygiam, se limine pelli", + "en": "Turnus is there, and amid the outcry at the slaughter, and fire of passion, he redoubles their terror: Teucrians are called to reign; a Phrygian stock mingles its taint; I am spurned from the door!" + }, + { + "id": 18801, + "la": "tum quorum attonitae Baccho nemora avia matres insultant thiasis (neque enim leve nomen Amatae) undique collecti coeunt Martemque fatigant", + "en": "Then they, whose matrons, frenzied by Bacchus, tread the pathless woods in dancing bands (for of no light weight is Amatas name), draw together from every side, and importune the War God." + }, + { + "id": 18802, + "la": "ilicet infandum cuncti contra omina bellum, contra fata deum perverso numine poscunt", + "en": "Straightway, one and all, despite the omens, despite the oracles of gods, with perverse will clamour for unholy war." + }, + { + "id": 18803, + "la": "certatim regis circumstant tecta Latini; ille velut pelago rupes immota resistit, ut pelagi rupes magno veniente fragore, quae sese multis circum latrantibus undis mole tenet; scopuli nequiquam et spumea circum saxa fremunt laterique inlisa refunditur alga", + "en": "With emulous zeal they swarm round Latinus palace. He, like an unmoved ocean cliff, resists; like an ocean cliff, which, when a great crash comes, stands steadfast in its bulk amid many howling waves; in vain the crags and foaming rocks roar about, and the seaweed, dashed upon its sides, is whirled back." + }, + { + "id": 18804, + "la": "verum ubi nulla datur caecum exsuperare potestas consilium, et saevae nutu Iunonis eunt res, multa deos aurasque pater testatus inanis fmrv frangimur heu fatis inquit ferimurque procella!", + "en": "But when no power is given him to quell their blind resolve, and all goes as cruel Juno wills, then with many an appeal to the gods and the voiceless skies, Alas! the father cries, we are shattered by fate, and swept away by the storm!" + }, + { + "id": 18805, + "la": "ipsi has sacrilego pendetis sanguine poenas, o miseri", + "en": "You yourselves, my wretched children, with your impious blood shall pay the price of this!" + }, + { + "id": 18806, + "la": "te, Turne, nefas, te triste manebit supplicium, votisque deos venerabere seris", + "en": "The guilt and its bitter punishment shall await you, Turnus, and too late with vows shall you supplicate the gods." + }, + { + "id": 18807, + "la": "nam mihi parta quies, omnisque in limine portus funere felici spolior.", + "en": "As for me, my rest is assured, but having reached the harbour gate I am totally robbed of the happiness I might have had in death." + }, + { + "id": 18808, + "la": "nec plura locutus saepsit se tectis rerumque reliquit habenas", + "en": "And saying no more he shut himself in the palace, and let drop the reins of rule." + }, + { + "id": 18809, + "la": "Mos erat Hesperio in Latio, quem protinus urbes Albanae coluere sacrum, nunc maxima rerum Roma colit, cum prima movent in proelia Martem, sive Getis inferre manu lacrimabile bellum Hyrcanisve Arabisve parant, seu tendere ad Indos Auroramque sequi Parthosque reposcere signa: sunt geminae Belli portae (sic nomine dicunt) religione sacrae et saevi formidine Martis; centum aerei claudunt vectes aeternaque ferri robora, nec custos absistit limine Ianus", + "en": "A custom there was in Hesperian Latium, which thenceforth the Alban cities held holy, as now does Rome, mistress of the world, when they first rouse the war god to battle, be it Getae or Arabs or Hyrcanians against whom their hands prepare to carry tearful war, or to march on Indias sons 22 and pursue the Dawn, and reclaim their standards from the Parthian: there are twin gates of War (so men call them), hallowed by religious awe and the terrors of fierce Mars; a hundred brazen bolts close them, and the eternal strength of iron, and Janus their guardian never quits the threshold." + }, + { + "id": 18810, + "la": "has, ubi certa sedet patribus sententia pugnae, ipse Quirinali trabea cinctuque Gabino insignis reserat stridentia limina consul, ipse vocat pugnas; sequitur tum cetera pubes, aereaque adsensu conspirant cornua rauco", + "en": "Here, when the sentence of the Fathers is firmly fixed on war, the Consul, arrayed in Quirinal robe and Gabine cincture, with his own hand unbars the grating portals, with his own lips calls forth war; then the rest of the warriors take upthe cry, and brazen horns blare out their hoarse accord." + }, + { + "id": 18811, + "la": "hoc et tum Aeneadis indicere bella Latinus more iubebatur tristisque recludere portas", + "en": "In this manner then, too, Latinus was bidden to proclaim war on the sons of Aeneas, and to unclose the grim gates." + }, + { + "id": 18812, + "la": "abstinuit tactu pater aversusque refugit foeda ministeria, et caecis se condidit umbris", + "en": "But the father withheld his hand, shrank back from the hateful office, and hid himself in blind darkness." + }, + { + "id": 18813, + "la": "tum regina deum caelo delapsa morantis impulit ipsa manu portas, et cardine verso Belli ferratos rumpit Saturnia postis", + "en": "Then the queen of the gods, gliding from the sky, with her own hand drove in the lingering doors, and on their turning hinges Saturns daughter burst open the iron-bound gates of war." + }, + { + "id": 18814, + "la": "ardet inexcita Ausonia atque immobilis ante; pars pedes ire parat campis, pars arduus altis pulverulentus equis furit; omnes arma requirunt", + "en": "All ablaze is Ausonia, which before was sluggish and unmoved. Some make ready to march over the plains on foot, some, mounted on high steeds, storm amid clouds of dust: all cry out for arms." + }, + { + "id": 18815, + "la": "pars levis clipeos et spicula lucida tergent arvina pingui subiguntque in cote securis; signaque ferre iuvat sonitusque audire tubarum", + "en": "Some with rich fat burnish shields smooth and javelins bright, and whet axes on the stone; they joy to bear the standards, and hear the trumpet call." + }, + { + "id": 18816, + "la": "quinque adeo magnae positis incudibus urbes tela novant, Atina potens Tiburque superbum, Ardea Crustumerique et turrigerae Antemnae", + "en": "And five mighty cities set up anvils and forge new weapons'strong Atina and proud Tibur, Ardea and Crustumeri and turreted Antemnae." + }, + { + "id": 18817, + "la": "tegmina tuta cavant capitum flectuntque salignas umbonum cratis; alii thoracas anos aut levis ocreas lento ducunt argento; vomeris huc et falcis honos, huc omnis aratri cessit amor; recoquunt patrios fornacibus ensis", + "en": "They hollow helmets to guard the head, and weave the wicker frame of shields; others beat out breast-plates of bronze, or polished greaves from pliant silver. To this is come all pride in share and sickle, all passion for the plough; they retemper in the furnace their fathers swords." + }, + { + "id": 18818, + "la": "classica iamque sonant, it bello tessera signum; hic galeam tectis trepidus rapit, ille trementis ad iuga cogit equos, clipeumque auroque trilicem loricam induitur fidoque accingitur ense", + "en": "And now the clarion sounds; the password goes forth, the sign for war. One in wild haste snatches a helmet from his home; another harnesses his quivering steeds to the yoke, dons his shield and coat of mail, triple-linked with gold, and girds on his trusty sword." + }, + { + "id": 18819, + "la": "Pandite nunc Helicona, deae, cantusque movete, qui bello exciti reges, quae quemque secutae complerint campos acies, quibus Itala iam tum floruerit terra alma viris, quibus arserit armis; et meministis enim, divae, et memorare potestis; ad nos vix tenuis famae perlabitur aura", + "en": "Now fling Helicon wide open, goddesses, and set on foot poetic strains, telling what kings were roused to war; what embattled hosts followed each one, filling the plain; with what manhood even then did kindly Italy bloom; what armed forces kindled her to flame. For you, divine sisters, have both remembrance and power to relate, while to us is scarce wafted some scant breath of fame." + }, + { + "id": 18820, + "la": "Primus init bellum Tyrrhenis asper ab oris contemptor divum Mezentius agminaque armat", + "en": "First into the war comes the ferocious king from Tuscan coasts, Mezentius, scorner of the gods, and arrays his bands." + }, + { + "id": 18821, + "la": "filius huic iuxta Lausus, quo pulchrior alter non fuit excepto Laurentis corpore Turni; Lausus, equum domitor debellatorque ferarum, ducit Agyllina nequiquam ex urbe secutos mille viros, dignus patriis qui laetior esset imperiis et cui pater haud Mezentius esset", + "en": "At his side stands his son Lausus, whom none surpassed in beauty of physique save Laurentine Turnus. Lausus, tamer of horses, vanquisher of beasts, leads from Agyllas town a thousand men, that followed him in vain, a son worthy to be happier in a fathers rule, a father other than Mezentius!" + }, + { + "id": 18822, + "la": "Post hos insignem palma per gramina currum victoresque ostentat equos satus Hercule pulchro pulcher Aventinus, clipeoque insigne paternum centum anguis cinctamque gerit serpentibus Hydram; collis Aventini silva quem Rhea sacerdos furtivum partu sub luminis edidit oras, mixta deo mulier, postquam Laurentia victor Geryone exstincto Tirynthius attigit arva, Tyrrhenoque boves in flumine lavit Hiberas", + "en": "After these, Aventinus, handsome son of handsome Hercules, displays on the grass his palm-crowned chariot and victorious steeds, and on his shield bears his fathers blazon'a hundred snakes and the Hydra, girt with serpents. Him, in the wood of the Aventine hill, the priestess Rhea bore in secret birth into the borders of light'a woman mated with a god'when the conquering Tirynthian, having slain Geryon, reached the Laurentian fields and bathed his Iberian oxen in the Tuscan stream." + }, + { + "id": 18823, + "la": "pila manu saevosque gerunt in bella dolones, et tereti pugnant mucrone veruque Sabello", + "en": "In their hands the men carry to battle javelins and grim pikes, and fight with the tapering sword and Sabellian dart." + }, + { + "id": 18824, + "la": "ipse pedes, tegimen torquens immane leonis, terribili impexum saeta cum dentibus albis indutus capiti, sic regia tecta subibat, horridus Herculeoque umeros innexus amictu", + "en": "Himself he marched on foot, swinging a huge lions skin, unkempt with terrifying mane, its white teeth crowning his head; in such guise he entered the royal halls, a fearful sight, the garb of Hercules covering his shoulders." + }, + { + "id": 18825, + "la": "Tum gemini fratres Tiburtia moenia linquunt, fratris Tiburti dictam cognomine gentem, Catillusque acerque Coras, Argiva iuventus, et primam ante aciem densa inter tela feruntur: ceu duo nubigenae cum vertice montis ab alto descendunt Centauri Homolen Othrymque nivalem linquentes cursu rapido; dat euntibus ingens silva locum et magno cedunt virgulta fragore", + "en": "Next twin brothers leave the walls of Tibur and the folk called after the name of their brother Tiburtus'Catillus and valiant Coras, Argive youths. On they come in the forefront of battle among the thronging spears, as when the cloud-born Centaurs descend from a lofty mountain peak, leaving Homole or snowy Othrys in rapid race; the mighty forest yields before them as they go, and the thickets give way with a loud crash." + }, + { + "id": 18826, + "la": "Nec Praenestinae fundator defuit urbis, Volcano genitum pecora inter agrestia regem inventumque focis omnis quem credidit aetas, Caeculus", + "en": "Nor was the founder of Praenestes city absent, Caeculus, the king who, as every age has believed, was born to Vulcan among the royal herds, and found upon the hearth." + }, + { + "id": 18827, + "la": "hunc legio late comitatur agrestis: quique altum Praeneste viri quique arva Gabinae Iunonis gelidumque Anienem et roscida rivis Hernica saxa colunt, quos, dives Anagnia, pascis, quos, Amasene pater", + "en": "With him marches, spreading far around, a troop levied among the fields, warriors dwelling in steep Praeneste, in the ploughlands of Juno who guards Gabii, by cool Anio and among Hernican rocks bedewed by streams; they whom you nurture, rich Anagnia, and you, father Amasenus." + }, + { + "id": 18828, + "la": "non illis omnibus arma nec clipei currusve sonant; pars maxima glandes liventis plumbi spargit, pars spicula gestat bina manu, fulvosque lupi de pelle galeros tegmen habent capiti; vestigia nuda sinistri mprinstituere pedis, crudus tegit altera pero", + "en": "Not all of these have armour or shields, or rattling chariots. Mostly they shower bullets of dull lead; some wield two darts in the hand, and have for headgear tawny caps of wolf skin. Bare is the left foot as they plant their steps; a boot of rawhide shields the other." + }, + { + "id": 18829, + "la": "At Messapus, equum domitor, Neptunia proles, quem neque fas igni cuiquam nec sternere ferro, iam pridem resides populos desuetaque bello agmina in arma vocat subito ferrumque retractat", + "en": "But Messapus, tamer of horses, the seed of Neptune, whom none may lay low with fire or steel, suddenly calls to arms tribes long inert and troops unused to war, and again grasps the sword." + }, + { + "id": 18830, + "la": "hi Fescenninas acies Aequosque Faliscos, hi Soractis habent arces Flaviniaque arva et Cimini cum monte lacum lucosque Capenos", + "en": "These hold the ranks of Fescennium and of Aequi Falisci; these Soractes heights and Flavinian fields, Ciminus lake and hill and the groves of Capena." + }, + { + "id": 18831, + "la": "ibant aequati numero regemque canebant: ceu quondam nivei liquida inter nubila cycni cum sese e pastu referunt et longa canoros dant per colla modos, sonat amnis et Asia longe pulsa palus", + "en": "In dressed lines they marched and sang their king: as snowy swans among the moist clouds, when they return from feeding, and from their long throats utter their tuneful strains; the river echoes, and the Asian mead, struck from afar" + }, + { + "id": 18832, + "la": "nec quisquam aeratas acies examine tanto misceri putet, ariam sed gurgite ab alto urgeri volucrum raucarum ad litora nubem", + "en": "Nor would one think that mail-clad ranks were massed in that vast swarm, but that high in the air a cloud of hoarse-voiced birds was pressing shoreward from the deep gulf." + }, + { + "id": 18833, + "la": "Ecce Sabinorum prisco de sanguine magnum agmen agens Clausus magnique ipse agminis instar, Claudia nunc a quo diffunditur et tribus et gens per Latium, postquam in partem data Roma Sabinis", + "en": "See! Clausus, of the ancient Sabine blood, leading a mighty host, and equal to a mighty host himself; from whom now through Latium spreads the Claudian tribe and clan, since Rome was shared with the Sabines." + }, + { + "id": 18834, + "la": "una ingens Amiterna cohors priscique Quirites, Ereti manus omnis oliviferaeque Mutuscae; qui Nomentum urbem, qui Rosea rura Velini, qui Tetricae horrentis rupes montemque Severum Casperiamque colunt Forulosque et flumen Himellae qui Tiberim Fabarimque bibunt, quos frigida misit Nursia, et Ortinae classes populique Latini, quosque secans infaustum interluit Allia nomen: quam multi Libyco volvuntur marmore fluctus saevus ubi Orion hibernis conditur undis, vel cum sole novo densae torrentur aristae aut Hermi campo aut Lyciae flaventibus arvis", + "en": "With him came Amiternums vast cohort, and the ancient Quirites, 29 the whole band of Eretum and olive-bearing Mutusca; those who dwell in Nomentums city and the Rosean country by Velinus, on Tetricas rugged crags and Mount Severus, in Casperia and Foruli, and by Himellas stream; those who drink of Tiber and Fabaris, those whom cold Nursia sent, the Ortine squadrons, the Latin peoples, and those whom Allia, ill-boding name, severs with its flood; as many as the waves that roll on the Libyan main, when fierce Orion sinks in the wintry waves; or thick as the corn ears that are scorched by the early sun in the plain of Hermus or the yellow fields of Lycia." + }, + { + "id": 18835, + "la": "scuta sonant pulsuque pedum conterrita tellus", + "en": "The bucklers clang, and the earth trembles under the tramping feet." + }, + { + "id": 18836, + "la": "Hinc Agamemnonius, Troiani nominis hostis, curru iungit Halaesus equos Turnoque ferocis mille rapit populos, vertunt felicia Baccho Massica qui rastris, et quos de collibus altis Aurunci misere patres Sidicinaque iuxta aequora, quique Cales linquunt amnisque vadosi accola Volturni, pariterque Saticulus asper Oscorumque manus", + "en": "Next, Agamemnons son, foe of the Trojan name, Halaesus, yokes his steeds to the car, and in Turnus cause sweeps along a thousand warlike tribes, men who turn with mattocks the wine-rich Massic lands; whom Auruncan fathers sent from their high hills, and the Sidicine plains hard by; those who leave Cales, and the dweller by Volturnus shallow river, and by their side the rough Saticulan and the Oscan bands." + }, + { + "id": 18837, + "la": "teretes sunt aclydes illis tela, sed haec lento mos est aptare flagello", + "en": "Shapely javelins are their weapons, but it is their way to fit these with a pliant thong." + }, + { + "id": 18838, + "la": "laevas caetra tegit, falcati comminus enses", + "en": "A shield protects their left side; their curved swords are for close combat." + }, + { + "id": 18839, + "la": "Nec tu carminibus nostris indictus abibis, Oebale, quem generasse Telon Sebethide nympha fertur, Teleboum Capreas cum regna teneret, iam senior; patriis sed non et filius arvis contentus late iam tum dicione premebat Sarrastis populos et quae rigat aequora Sarnus, quique Rufras Batulumque tenent atque arva Celemnae, Teutonico ritu soliti torquere cateias; et quos maliferae despectant moenia Abellae, tegmina quis capitum raptus de subere cortex aerataeque micant peltae, micat aereus ensis", + "en": "Nor will you, Oebalus, pass unhonoured in our songs'you whom, it is said, the nymph Sebethis bore to Telon, when he reigned over Teleboan Capreae, now stricken in years; but, not content with his ancestral fields, his son even then held sway far and wide over the Sarrastian tribes, and the plains watered by Sarnus, those who dwell in Rufrae and Batulum and Celemnas fields, wont to hurl their darts in Teuton fashion, and those on whom look down the battlements of Abella, rich in apples, men whose headgear was bark stripped from the cork tree; bronze flash their shields, their sword flashes bronze." + }, + { + "id": 18840, + "la": "Et te montosae misere in proelia Nersae, Ufens, insignem fama et felicibus armis, horrida praecipue cui gens adsuetaque multo venatu nemorum, duris Aequicula glaebis", + "en": "You too, Ufens, mountainous Nersae sent forth to battle, of noble fame and success in arms'whose clan, on the rough Aequian clods, was rugged above all others, and inured to hard hunting in the woods." + }, + { + "id": 18841, + "la": "armati terram exercent semperque recentis convectare iuvat praedas et vivere rapto", + "en": "In arms they till the earth, and it is ever their joy to bear away fresh booty, and to live on plunder." + }, + { + "id": 18842, + "la": "Quin et Marruvia venit de gente sacerdos fronde super galeam et felici comptus oliva Archippi regis missu, fortissimus Umbro, vipereo generi et graviter spirantibus hydris spargere qui somnos cantuque manuque solebat, mulcebatque iras et morsus arte levabat", + "en": "As well, from the Marruvian race, sent by King Archippus, there came a priest, his helmet decked with leaves of the fruitful olive, most valiant Umbro, who with charm and touch was wont to shed slumber on the viperous brood and water snakes of baneful breath, soothing their wrath and curing their bites by his skill." + }, + { + "id": 18843, + "la": "sed non Dardaniae medicari cuspidis ictum evaluit neque eum iuvere in vulnera cantus somniferi et Marsis quaesitae montibus herbae", + "en": "But he availed not to heal the stroke of the Dardan spearpoint, nor against wounds did slumbrous charms aid him, or herbs culled on Marsian hills." + }, + { + "id": 18844, + "la": "te nemus Angitiae, vitrea te Fucinus unda, te liquidi flevere lacus", + "en": "For you Angitias grove wept, for you Fucinus glassy wave, for you the limpid lakes!" + }, + { + "id": 18845, + "la": "Ibat et Hippolyti proles pulcherrima bello, Virbius, insignem quem mater Aricia misit, eductum Egeriae lucis umentia circum litora, pinguis ubi et placabilis ara Dianae", + "en": "Likewise went to war Hippolytus son, Virbius, most fair, whom his mother Aricia sent forth in his glory. In Egerias groves he was reared round the marshy shores, where stands Dianas altar, rich and gracious." + }, + { + "id": 18846, + "la": "namque ferunt fama Hippolytum, postquam arte novercae occiderit patriasque explerit sanguine poenas turbatis distractus equis, ad sidera rursus aetheria et superas caeli venisse sub auras, Paeons revocatum herbis et amore Dianae", + "en": "For they tell that Hippolytus'when he fell by his stepmothers arts, and satisfied his fathers vengeance with his blood, torn asunder by frightened steeds'came again to the starry firmament and heavens upper air, recalled by the Healers herbs and Dianas love." + }, + { + "id": 18847, + "la": "tum pater omnipotens aliquem indignatus ab umbris mortalem infernis ad lumina surgere vitae, ipse repertorem medicinae talis et artis fulmine Phoebigenam Stygias detrusit ad undas", + "en": "Then the Father omnipotent, angered that any mortal should rise from the nether shades to the light of life, himself with his thunder hurled down to the Stygian waters the finder of such healing craft, the one born of Phoebus." + }, + { + "id": 18848, + "la": "at Trivia Hippolytum secretis alma recondit sedibus et nymphae Egeriae nemorique relegat, solus ubi in silvis Italis ignobilis aevum exigeret versoque ubi nomine Virbius esset", + "en": "But Trivia, kindly goddess, hides Hippolytus in a secret dwelling, and sends him away to the nymph Egeria and her grove, that there alone, amid Italian woods, he might live out his inglorious days, and take the altered name of Virbius." + }, + { + "id": 18849, + "la": "unde etiam templo Triviae lucisque sacratis cornipedes arcentur equi, quod litore currum et iuvenem monstris pavidi effudere marinis", + "en": "For this reason, too, hoofed horses are kept far from Trivias temple and hallowed groves, that they, frightened by ocean monsters, strewed chariot and youth along the shore." + }, + { + "id": 18850, + "la": "filius ardentis haud setius aequore campi exercebat equos curruque in bella ruebat", + "en": "None the less, his son was driving his fiery steeds on the level plain, and hastened to war in his chariot." + }, + { + "id": 18851, + "la": "Ipse inter primos praestanti corpore Turnus vertitur arma tenens et toto vertice supra est", + "en": "Among the foremost moves Turnus himself, of wondrous frame, holding sword in hand, and by a whole head overtopping all." + }, + { + "id": 18852, + "la": "cui triplici crinita iuba galea alta Chimaeram sustinet Aetnaeos efflantem faucibus ignis; tam magis illa fremens et tristibus effera flammis quam magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae", + "en": "His lofty helmet, crested with triple plume, bears a Chimaera, breathing from her jaws Aetnean fires, raging the more, and the madder with baleful flames, the more blood is shed and the fiercer waxes the fight." + }, + { + "id": 18853, + "la": "at levem clipeum sublatis cornibus Io auro insignibat, iam saetis obsita, iam bos, argumentum ingens, et custos virginis Argus, caelataque amnem fundens pater Inachus urna", + "en": "But on his polished shield Io with uplifted horns was emblazoned in gold 'Io, wondrous device, already covered with bristles, already a heifer'and Argus, the maidens warder, and father Inachus pouring his stream from an embossed urn." + }, + { + "id": 18854, + "la": "insequitur nimbus peditum clipeataque totis agmina densentur campis, Argivaque pubes Auruncaeque manus, Rutuli veteresque Sicani, et Sacranae acies et picti scuta Labici; qui saltus, Tiberine, tuos sacrumque Numici litus arant Rutulosque exercent vomere collis Circaeumque iugum, qus Iuppiter Anxurus arvis praesidet et viridi gaudens Feronia luco; qua Saturae iacet atra palus gelidusque per imas quaerit iter vallis atque in mare conditur Ufens", + "en": "Behind him comes a cloud of infantry, and shielded columns throng all the plain, Argive manhood and Auruncan troops, Rutulians and old Sicanians, the Sacranian lines and Labicians with painted bucklers; those who till your glades, Tiber, and Numicius sacred shore, whose ploughshare moves the Rutulian hills and Circes ridge; 35 over whose fields Jupiter of Anxur reigns, and Feronia rejoicing in her greenwood; where Saturas black marsh lies, and cold Ufens winds his way through the valley depths and sinks into the sea." + }, + { + "id": 18855, + "la": "Hos super advenit Volsca de gente Camilla agmen agens equitum et florentis aere catervas, bellatrix, non illa colo calathisve Minervae femineas adsueta manus, sed proelia virgo dura pati cursuque pedum praevertere ventos", + "en": "To crown the array comes Camilla, of Volscian race, leading her troopof horse, and squadrons gay with brass'a warrior maid, never having trained her womans hands to Minervas distaff or basket of wool, but hardy to bear the brunt of battle and in speed of foot to outstrip the winds." + }, + { + "id": 18856, + "la": "illa vel intactae segetis per summa volaret gramina nec teneras cursu laesisset aristas, vel mare per medium fluctu suspensa tumenti ferret iter celeris nec tingeret aequore plantas", + "en": "She might have flown over the topmost blades of unmown corn, and not bruised the tender ears in her course; or sped her way over mid sea, poised above the swelling wave, and not dipped her swift feet in the flood." + }, + { + "id": 18857, + "la": "illam omnis tectis agrisque effusa iuventus turbaque miratur matrum et prospectat euntem, attonitis inhians animis ut regius ostro velet honos levis umeros, ut fibula crinem auro internectat, Lyciam ut gerat ipsa pharetram et pastoralem praefixa cuspide myrtum", + "en": "All the youth, streaming from house and field, and thronging matrons marvel, and gaze at her as she goes; agape with wonder at how the glory of royal purple drapes her smooth shoulders, how the clasp entwines her hair with gold, how her own hands bear a Lycian quiver and the pastoral myrtle tipped with steel." + }, + { + "id": 18858, + "la": "Ut belli signum Laurenti Turnus ab arce extulit et rauco strepuerunt cornua cantu, utque acris concussit equos utque impulit arma, extemplo turbati animi, simul omne tumultu coniurat trepido Latium saevitque iuventus effera", + "en": "When Turnus raised up the flag of war from the Laurentine citadel and the horns rang with their hoarse notes, when he roused his fiery steeds and clashed his arms, straightway mens hearts were troubled; all Latium at once swears allegiance in eager uprising, and her sons rage madly." + }, + { + "id": 18859, + "la": "ductores primi Messapus et Ufens contemptorque deum Mezentius undique cogunt auxilia et latos vastant cultoribus agros", + "en": "The chief captains, Messapus and Ufens, with Mezentius, scorner of the gods, from all sides muster forces and strip the wide fields of farmers." + }, + { + "id": 18860, + "la": "mittitur et magni Venulus Diomedis ad urbem qui petat auxilium, et Latio consistere Teucros, advectum Aenean classi victosque penatis inferre et fatis regem se dicere posci edoceat, multasque viro se adiungere gentis Dardanio et late Latio increbrescere nomen: quid struat his coeptis, quem, si fortuna sequatur, eventum pugnae cupiat, manifestius ipsi quam Turno regi aut regi apparere Latino", + "en": "Venulus too is sent to mighty Diomedes city to seek aid, and announce that Teucrians are settling in Latium; that Aeneas is come with his fleet, bringing in his vanquished gods, and proclaiming himself a king summoned by Fate; that many tribes are joining the Dardan hero and his name spreads far and wide in Latium. What end he compasses with these beginnings, what outcome of the feud he craves, should Fortune attend him, would be more clearly seen by Diomedes himself than by King Turnus or King Latinus." + }, + { + "id": 18861, + "la": "Talia per Latium", + "en": "Thus it was in Latium." + }, + { + "id": 18862, + "la": "quae Laomedontius heros cuncta videns magno curarum fluctuat aestu, atque animum nunc huc celerem nunc dividit illuc in partisque rapit varias perque omnia versat:", + "en": "The hero of Laomedons line, seeing it all, tosses on a mighty sea of troubles; and now this way, now that he swiftly throws his mind, casting it in diverse ways, and turning it to every shift;" + }, + { + "id": 18863, + "la": "sicut aquae tremulum labris ubi lumen anis sole repercussum aut radiantis imagine lunae omnia pervolitat late loca, iamque sub auras erigitur summique ferit laquearia tecti", + "en": "as when in bronze bowls a flickering light from water, flung back by the sun or the moons glittering form, flits far and wide over all things, and now mounts high and smites the fretted ceiling of the roof high above." + }, + { + "id": 18864, + "la": "Nox erat et terras animalia fessa per omnis alituum pecudumque genus sopor altus habebat, cum pater in ripa gelidique sub aetheris axe Aeneas, tristi turbatus pectora bello, procubuit seramque dedit per membra quietem", + "en": "It was night, and over all lands deep sleep held wearied creatures, birds and beasts alike, when father Aeneas, his heart troubled by woeful war, lay down on the bank under the vault of the cold sky, and let sleepat last steal over his limbs." + }, + { + "id": 18865, + "la": "huic deus ipse loci fluvio Tiberinus amoeno populeas inter senior se attollere frondes visus (eum tenuis glauco velabat amictu carbasus, et crinis umbrosa tegebat harundo), tum sic adfari et curas his demere dictis: O sate gente deum, Troianam ex hostibus urbem qui revehis nobis aeternaque Pergama servas, exspectate solo Laurenti arvisque Latinis, hic tibi certa domus, certi (ne absiste) penates", + "en": "He dreamed that before him the very god of the place, Tiberinus of the pleasant stream, raised his aged head amid the poplar leaves; fine linen draped him in a mantle of grey, and shady reeds crowned his hair. Then thus he spoke to him, and with these words took away his cares: Seed of a race divine, you who from foemens hands bring back to us our Trojan city, and preserve her towers for ever, you who have been long looked for on Laurentine ground and Latin fields, here your home is sure'draw not back'and sure are your gods!" + }, + { + "id": 18866, + "la": "neu belli terrere minis; tumor omnis et irae concessere deum", + "en": "Be not scared by threats of war; all the swelling wrath of Heaven has abated" + }, + { + "id": 18867, + "la": "iamque tibi, ne vana putes haec fingere somnum, litoreis ingens inventa sub ilicibus sus triginta capitum fetus enixa iacebit, alba solo recubans, albi circum ubera nati", + "en": "Even now, lest you deem these words the idle feigning of sleep, you will find a huge sow lying under the oaks on the shore, just delivered of a litter of thirty young, a white mother reclining on the ground'white, too, the young about her teats." + }, + { + "id": 18868, + "la": "hic locus urbis erit, requies ea certa laborum, ex quo ter denis urbem redeuntibus annis Ascanius clari condet cognominis Albam", + "en": "Here shall be the citys site, here a sure rest from your toils. By this token in thirty revolving years Ascanius will found a city, Alba of glorious name." + }, + { + "id": 18869, + "la": "haud incerta cano", + "en": "Not doubtful is my prophecy." + }, + { + "id": 18870, + "la": "nunc qua ratione quod instat expedias victor, paucis (adverte) docebo", + "en": "Now in what way you can make your way triumphant through this present ill, in few words'pay heed'I will explain." + }, + { + "id": 18871, + "la": "Arcades his oris, genus a Pallante profectum, qui regem Euandrum comites, qui signa secuti, delegere locum et posuere in montibus urbem Pallantis proavi de nomine Pallanteum", + "en": "On these coasts Arcadians, a race sprung from Pallas, who were the company of King Evander and followed his banner, have chosen a site and set their city on the hills, from their forefather Pallas called Pallanteum." + }, + { + "id": 18872, + "la": "hi bellum adsidue ducunt cum gente Latina; hos castris adhibe socios et foedera iunge", + "en": "They wage war ceaselessly with the Latin race; them you must take to your camp as allies, and join with them in league." + }, + { + "id": 18873, + "la": "ipse ego te ripis et recto flumine ducam, adversum remis superes subvectus ut amnem", + "en": "I myself will guide you along the banks straight up the stream, that so, impelled by your oars, you may overcome the opposing current." + }, + { + "id": 18874, + "la": "surge age, nate dea, primisque cadentibus astris Iunoni fer rite preces, iramque minasque supplicibus supera votis", + "en": "Up, arise, goddess-born, and, as the stars first set, duly offer prayers to Juno, and with suppliant vows vanquish her wrath and her threats." + }, + { + "id": 18875, + "la": "mihi victor honorem persolves", + "en": "To me you will pay your tribute when victorious." + }, + { + "id": 18876, + "la": "ego sum pleno quem flumine cernis stringentem ripas et pinguia culta secantem, caeruleus Thybris, caelo gratissimus amnis", + "en": "I am he whom you see grazing my banks with full flood and cleaving the rich tilth'the blue Tiber, river best beloved of Heaven." + }, + { + "id": 18877, + "la": "hic mihi magna domus; celsis caput urbibus exit.", + "en": "Here is my mighty home; among lofty cities flows forth my fountainhead." + }, + { + "id": 18878, + "la": "Dixit, deinde lacu fluvius se condidit alto ima petens; nox Aenean somnusque reliquit", + "en": "So spoke the River, then plunged into his deep pool, seeking the lowest depths; night and sleep left Aeneas." + }, + { + "id": 18879, + "la": "surgit et aetherii spectans orientia solis lumina rite cavis undam de flumine palmis sustinet ac talis effundit ad aethera voces: fmpr Nymphae, Laurentes Nymphae, genus amnibus unde est, tuque, o Thybri tuo genitor cum flumine sancto, accipite Aenean et tandem arcete periclis", + "en": "He arises and, gazing toward the eastern beams of the celestial sun, uplifts water from the stream in his hollow palms as use ordains, and pours forth to Heaven this prayer: O Nymphs, Laurentine Nymphs, from whom rivers have their being, and you, father Tiber, you and your hallowed stream'receive Aeneas, and at last shield him from perils." + }, + { + "id": 18880, + "la": "quo te cumque lacus miserantem incommoda nostra fonte tenet, quocumque solo pulcherrimus exis, semper honore meo, semper celebrabere donis corniger Hesperidum fluvius regnator aquarum", + "en": "In whatever spring your water contains you as you pity our travails, from whatever soil you flow forth in all your beauty, ever with my offerings, ever with my gifts, you will be graced, horned stream, lord of Hesperian waters." + }, + { + "id": 18881, + "la": "adsis o tantum et propius tua numina firmes.", + "en": "Only be with me, and confirm your will with your presence." + }, + { + "id": 18882, + "la": "sic memorat, geminasque legit de classe biremis remigioque aptat, socios simul instruit armis", + "en": "So he speaks, and choosing two galleys from his fleet mans them with crews, and at once equips his comrades with arms." + }, + { + "id": 18883, + "la": "Ecce autem subitum atque oculis mirabile monstrum, candida per silvam cum fetu concolor albo procubuit viridique in litore conspicitur sus; quam pius Aeneas tibi enim, tibi, maxima Iuno, mactat sacra ferens et cum grege sistit ad aram", + "en": "But lo! a portent, sudden and wondrous to see. Gleaming white through the wood, of one colour with her milk-white brood, there lay outstretched on the green bank before their eyes a sow; good Aeneas offers her in sacrifice to you, indeed to you, most mighty Juno, and sets her with her young before your altar." + }, + { + "id": 18884, + "la": "Thybris ea fluvium, quam longa est, nocte tumentem leniit, et tacita refluens ita substitit unda, mitis ut in morem stagni placidaeque paludis sterneret aequor aquis, remo ut luctamen abesset", + "en": "All that night long Tiber calmed his swelling flood, and flowing back with silent wave so halted that like a gentle pool or quiet mere he smoothed his watery plain, so that the oars might know no struggle." + }, + { + "id": 18885, + "la": "ergo iter inceptum celerant rumore secundo: labitur uncta vadis abies; mirantur et undae, miratur nemus insuetum fulgentia longe fmprv scuta virum fluvio pictasque innare carinas", + "en": "Therefore with cheering cries they speed the voyage they have begun; over the waters glides the well-pitched pine; in wonder the waves, in wonder the woods unused to such a sight, view the far-gleaming shields of warriors and the painted hulls floating on the stream." + }, + { + "id": 18886, + "la": "olli remigio noctemque diemque fatigant et longos superant flexus, variisque teguntur arboribus, viridisque secant placido aequore silvas", + "en": "They with their rowing give night and day no rest, pass the long bends, are shaded with diverse trees, and cleave the green woods on the calm surface." + }, + { + "id": 18887, + "la": "sol medium caeli conscenderat igneus orbem cum muros arcemque procul ac rara domorum mprv tecta vident, quae nunc Romana potentia caelo aequavit, tum res inopes Euandrus habebat", + "en": "The fiery sun had scaled the mid arch of heaven, when at a distance they see walls and a citadel, and scattered rooftops which today Roman might has exalted to heaven, but then Evander ruled, a scant domain." + }, + { + "id": 18888, + "la": "ocius advertunt proras urbique propinquant", + "en": "Quickly they turn the prows to land and draw near the town." + }, + { + "id": 18889, + "la": "Forte die sollemnem illo rex Arcas honorem Amphitryoniadae magno divisque ferebat ante urbem in luco", + "en": "It chanced that on that day the Arcadian king was paying wonted homage to Amphitryons mighty son and the gods in a grove before the city." + }, + { + "id": 18890, + "la": "Pallas huic filius una, una omnes iuvenum primi pauperque senatus tura dabant, tepidusque cruor fumabat ad aras", + "en": "With him his son Pallas, with him all the foremost of his people and his humble senate were offering incense, and the warm blood smoked at the altars." + }, + { + "id": 18891, + "la": "ut celsas videre rates atque inter opacum adlabi nemus et tacitos incumbere remis, terrentur visu subito cunctique relictis consurgunt mensis", + "en": "When they saw the high ships, saw them gliding up between the shady woods and noiselessly plying their oars, they are alarmed by the sudden sight, and rise up as one, quitting the feast." + }, + { + "id": 18892, + "la": "audax quos rumpere Pallas sacra vetat raptoque volat telo obvius ipse, et procul e tumulo: iuvenes, quae causa subegit ignotas temptare vias? quo tenditis? inquit", + "en": "But Pallas, undaunted, forbids them to break off the rites and, seizing his spear, flies to meet the strangers himself, and from a mound at a distance cries:" + }, + { + "id": 18893, + "la": "qui genus? unde domo? pacemne huc fertis an arma? tum pater Aeneas puppi sic fatur ab alta paciferaeque manu ramum praetendit olivae: Troiugenas ac tela vides inimica Latinis, quos illi bello profugos egere superbo", + "en": "Warriors, what cause has driven you to try unknown paths? Where are you heading? Of what race are you? From what home? Is it peace or war you bring hither? Then father Aeneas speaks thus from the high stern, holding out in his hand a branch of peaceful olive: You see men of Trojan stock and arms hostile to Latins'men whom they have driven to flight by insolent warfare." + }, + { + "id": 18894, + "la": "Euandrum petimus", + "en": "We seek Evander;" + }, + { + "id": 18895, + "la": "ferte haec et dicite lectos Dardaniae venisse duces socia arma rogantis.", + "en": "bear this message, and say that chosen captains of Dardania are come, suing for alliance in arms." + }, + { + "id": 18896, + "la": "obstipuit tanto percussus nomine Pallas: egredere o quicumque es ait coramque parentem adloquere ac nostris succede penatibus hospes.", + "en": "Pallas was astounded, struck by that mighty name. Come forth, he cries, whoever you are; speak to my father face to face, and come as a guest beneath our roof!" + }, + { + "id": 18897, + "la": "excepitque manu dextramque amplexus inhaesit; progressi subeunt luco fluviumque relinquunt", + "en": "And with a graspof welcome he caught and clung to his hand. Advancing, they enter the grove and leave the river." + }, + { + "id": 18898, + "la": "Tum regem Aeneas dictis adfatur amicis: optime Graiugenum, cui me Fortuna precari et vitta comptos voluit praetendere ramos, non equidem extimui Danaum quod ductor et Arcas quodque a stirpe fores geminis coniunctus Atridis; sed mea me virtus et sancta oracula divum cognatique patres, tua terris didita fama, coniunxere tibi et fatis egere volentem", + "en": "Then with friendly words Aeneas addresses the king: Noblest of the sons of Greece, to whom Fortune has willed that I make my prayer, and offer boughs decked with fillets, I was not afraid that you were a Danaan chief, an Arcadian and linked by blood with the twin sons of Atreus; but my own worth and Heavens holy oracles, our ancestral kinship, and your fame that has spread through the world, have bound me to you, and led me here as Fates willing follower." + }, + { + "id": 18899, + "la": "Dardanus, Iliacae primus pater urbis et auctor, Electra, ut Grai perhibent, Atlantide cretus, advehitur Teucros; Electram maximus Atlas edidit, aetherios umero qui sustinet orbis", + "en": "Dardanus, first father and founder of Iliums city, born (as Greeks relate) of Atlantean Electra, came to the Teucrians; Electra was begotten of mightiest Atlas, who on his shoulders sustains the heavenly spheres." + }, + { + "id": 18900, + "la": "vobis Mercurius pater est, quem candida Maia Cyllenae gelido conceptum vertice fudit; at Maiam, auditis si quicquam credimus, Atlas, idem Atlas generat caeli qui sidera tollit", + "en": "Your ancestor is Mercury, whom fair Maia conceived and bore on Cyllenes cold peak; but Maia, if we have any trust in tales we have heard, is child of Atlas, the same Atlas who holds up the starry heavens;" + }, + { + "id": 18901, + "la": "sic genus amborum scindit se sanguine ab uno", + "en": "so the lineage of us both branches from one blood." + }, + { + "id": 18902, + "la": "his fretus non legatos neque prima per artem temptamenta tui pepigi; me, me ipse meumque obieci caput et supplex ad limina veni", + "en": "Relying on this, no embassy did I plan, no crafty overtures to you; myself I have brought'myself and my own life'and am come a suppliant to your doors." + }, + { + "id": 18903, + "la": "gens eadem, quae te, crudeli Daunia bello insequitur; nos si pellant nihil afore credunt quin omnem Hesperiam penitus sua sub iuga mittant, et mare quod supra teneant quodque adluit infra", + "en": "The same Daunian race pursues us, as you, in cruel war; if they drive us forth, they deem that nothing will keep them from laying all Hesperia utterly beneath their yoke, and from holding the seas that wash her above and below." + }, + { + "id": 18904, + "la": "accipe daque fidem", + "en": "Take and give friendship;" + }, + { + "id": 18905, + "la": "sunt nobis fortia bello pectora, sunt animi et rebus spectata iuventus.", + "en": "we have hearts valiant in war, high souls and manhood tried in action." + }, + { + "id": 18906, + "la": "Dixerat Aeneas", + "en": "Aeneas finished speaking." + }, + { + "id": 18907, + "la": "ille os oculosque loquentis iamdudum et totum lustrabat lumine corpus", + "en": "As he spoke, Evanders gaze had long scanned his face and eyes, and all his form;" + }, + { + "id": 18908, + "la": "tum sic pauca refert: ut te, fortissime Teucrum, accipio agnoscoque libens! ut verba parentis et vocem Anchisae magni vultumque recordor! nam memini Hesionae visentem regna sororis Laomedontiaden Priamum Salamina petentem protinus Arcadiae gelidos invisere finis", + "en": "then thus briefly he replies: Bravest of the Teucrians, how gladly I receive and recognize you! How I recall your fathers words, and the voice and features of great Anchises! For I remember how Priam, Laomedons son, when on his way to Salamis he came to see the realm of his sister Hesione, passed on to visit Arcadias cold borders." + }, + { + "id": 18909, + "la": "tum mihi prima genas vestibat flore iuventas, mirabarque duces Teucros, mirabar et ipsum Laomedontiaden; sed cunctis altior ibat Anchises", + "en": "In those days early youth clothed my cheeks with bloom, and I wondered at the chiefs of Troy, wondered at their prince, Laomedons son; but towering above all walked Anchises." + }, + { + "id": 18910, + "la": "mihi mens iuvenali ardebat amore compellare virum et dextrae coniungere dextram; accessi et cupidus Phenei sub moenia duxi", + "en": "My heart burned with youthful ardour to speak to him and clasp hand in hand; I drew near, and led him eagerly to Pheneus city." + }, + { + "id": 18911, + "la": "ille mihi insignem pharetram Lyciasque sagittas discedens chlamydemque auro dedit intertextam, frenaque bina meus quae nunc habet aurea Pallas", + "en": "When he left, he gave me a glorious quiver with Lycian shafts, a scarf woven with gold, and a pair of golden bits that now my Pallas possesses." + }, + { + "id": 18912, + "la": "ergo et quam petitis iuncta est mihi foedere dextra, et lux cum primum terris se crastina reddet, auxilio laetos dimittam opibusque iuvabo", + "en": "Therefore, the hand you seek I join with you in league and, when first tomorrows dawn revisits earth, I will send you hence cheered by an escort, and will aid you with our stores." + }, + { + "id": 18913, + "la": "interea sacra haec, quando huc venistis amici, annua, quae differre nefas, celebrate faventes nobiscum, et iam nunc sociorum adsuescite mensis.", + "en": "Meanwhile, since you are come hither as friends, this yearly festival, which we may not defer, graciously solemnize with us, and even now become familiar with your comrades board." + }, + { + "id": 18914, + "la": "Haec ubi dicta, dapes iubet et sublata reponi pocula gramineoque viros locat ipse sedili, praecipuumque toro et villosi pelle leonis accipit Aenean solioque invitat acerno", + "en": "This said, he orders the repast and cups, by now removed, to be replaced, and with his own hand ranges the guests on the grassy seat, and chief in honour he welcomes Aeneas to the cushion of a shaggy lions hide, and invites him to a maple throne." + }, + { + "id": 18915, + "la": "tum lecti iuvenes certatim araeque sacerdos viscera tosta ferunt taurorum, onerantque canistris dona laboratae Cereris, Bacchumque ministrant", + "en": "Then chosen youths, and the priest of the altar, in emulous haste bring roast flesh of bulls, pile on baskets the gifts of Ceres, fashioned well, and serve the wine of Bacchus." + }, + { + "id": 18916, + "la": "vescitur Aeneas simul et Troiana iuventus perpetui tergo bovis et lustralibus extis", + "en": "Aeneas and with him the warriors of Troy feast on the long chine of an ox and the sacrificial meat." + }, + { + "id": 18917, + "la": "Postquam exempta fames et amor compressus edendi, rex Euandrus ait: non haec sollemnia nobis, has ex more dapes, hanc tanti numinis aram vana superstitio veterumque ignara deorum imposuit: saevis, hospes Troiane, periclis servati facimus meritosque novamus honores", + "en": "When hunger was banished and the desire of food stayed, King Evander spoke: These solemn rites, this wonted feast, this altar of a mighty Presence'it is no idle superstition, ignorant of the gods of old, that has laid them on us. Saved from cruel perils, Trojan guest, we celebrate the rites, and repeat the worship due." + }, + { + "id": 18918, + "la": "iam primum saxis suspensam hanc aspice rupem, disiectae procul ut moles desertaque montis stat domus et scopuli ingentem traxere ruinam", + "en": "Now first look at this rocky overhanging cliff, how the masses are scattered afar, how the mountain dwelling stands desolate, and the crags have toppled down in mighty ruin." + }, + { + "id": 18919, + "la": "hic spelunca fuit vasto summota recessu, semihominis Caci facies quam dira tenebat solis inaccessam radiis; semperque recenti caede tepebat humus, foribusque adfixa superbis ora virum tristi pendebant pallida tabo", + "en": "Here once was a cave, receding to unfathomed depth, never visited by the suns rays, where dwelt the awful shape of half-human Cacus; and ever the ground reeked with fresh blood, and, nailed to its proud doors, faces of men hung pallid in ghastly decay." + }, + { + "id": 18920, + "la": "huic monstro Volcanus erat pater: illius atros ore vomens ignis magna se mole ferebat", + "en": "This monsters father was Vulcan; his were the black fires he belched forth, as he moved with massive bulk." + }, + { + "id": 18921, + "la": "attulit et nobis aliquando optantibus aetas auxilium adventumque dei", + "en": "In due course, time brought the help and presence of a god." + }, + { + "id": 18922, + "la": "nam maximus ultor tergemini nece Geryonae spoliisque superbus Alcides aderat taurosque hac victor agebat ingentis, vallemque boves amnemque tenebant", + "en": "For to us, too, in our need, the mightiest of avengers, glorying in the slaughter and spoils of triple Geryon, Hercules came, and this way drove his huge bulls in triumph, and his oxen filled vale and riverside." + }, + { + "id": 18923, + "la": "at furiis Caci mens effera, ne quid inausum aut intractatum scelerisve dolive fuisset, quattuor a stabulis praestanti corpore tauros avertit, totidem forma superante iuvencas", + "en": "But Cacus, his wits wild with frenzy, that no crime or craft might prove to be left un-dared or untried, drove from their stalls four bulls of surpassing form, and as many heifers of peerless beauty." + }, + { + "id": 18924, + "la": "atque hos, ne qua forent pedibus vestigia rectis, cauda in speluncam tractos versisque viarum indiciis raptor saxo occultabat opaco; quaerenti nulla ad speluncam signa ferebant", + "en": "And that there might be no tracks pointing forward, the rustler dragged them by the tail into his cave, and, with the signs of their course thus turned backwards, the thief hid them in the rocky darkness: anyone who sought them could find no marks leading to the cave." + }, + { + "id": 18925, + "la": "interea, cum iam stabulis saturata moveret Amphitryoniades armenta abitumque pararet, discessu mugire boves atque omne querelis impleri nemus et colles clamore relinqui", + "en": "Meanwhile, when Amphitryons son was now moving the well-fed herds from their stalls and making ready to set out, the cattle lowed as they went; all the grove they fill with their plaint, and with clamour quit the hills." + }, + { + "id": 18926, + "la": "reddidit una boum vocem vastoque sub antro mugiit et Caci spem custodita fefellit", + "en": "One heifer returned the cry, lowed from the high caves depths, and from her prison baffled the hopes of Cacus." + }, + { + "id": 18927, + "la": "hic vero Alcidae furiis exarserat atro felle dolor: rapit arma manu nodisque gravatum robur, et arii cursu petit ardua montis", + "en": "At this the wrath of Alcides furiously blazed forth with black gall; seizing in hand his weapons and heavily knotted club, he seeks with speed the crest of the steep mountain." + }, + { + "id": 18928, + "la": "tum primum nostri Cacum videre timentem turbatumque oculis; fugit ilicet ocior Euro speluncamque petit, pedibus timor addidit alas", + "en": "Then first our people saw Cacus afraid and with trouble in his eyes; in a twinkling he flees swifter than the East Wind and seeks his cave; fear lends wings to his feet." + }, + { + "id": 18929, + "la": "Ut sese inclusit ruptisque immane catenis deiecit saxum, ferro quod et arte paterna pendebat, fultosque emuniit obice postis, ecce furens animis aderat Tirynthius omnemque accessum lustrans huc ora ferebat et illuc, dentibus infrendens", + "en": "Just as he shut himself in and, bursting the chains, dropped the giant rock suspended in iron by his fathers craft and with its barrier blocked the firm-stayed entrance, there was the Tirynthian in a frenzy of wrath; scanning every approach, he turned his face this way and that, gnashing his teeth." + }, + { + "id": 18930, + "la": "ter totum fervidus ira lustrat Aventini montem, ter saxea temptat limina nequiquam, ter fessus valle resedit", + "en": "Three times, hot with rage, he traverses the whole Aventine Mount; three times he tries the stony portals in vain; three times he sinks down exhausted in the valley." + }, + { + "id": 18931, + "la": "stabat acuta silex praecisis undique saxis speluncae dorso insurgens, altissima visu, dirarum nidis domus opportuna volucrum", + "en": "There stood a pointed rock of flint, cut sheer away all around, rising above the caverns ridge, and very tall to see, fit home for the nestlings of foul birds." + }, + { + "id": 18932, + "la": "hanc, ut prona iugo laevum incumbebat ad amnem, dexter in adversum nitens concussit et imis avulsam solvit radicibus, inde repente impulit; impulsu quo maximus intonat aether, dissultant ripae refluitque exterritus amnis", + "en": "This, as it leaned sloping with its ridge to the river on the left, he shook, straining against it from the right and, wrenching it from its lowest roots, tore it loose; then suddenly he thrust it forth; with that thrust the mighty heaven thunders, the banks leap apart, and the terrified river recoils." + }, + { + "id": 18933, + "la": "at specus et Caci detecta apparuit ingens regia, et umbrosae penitus patuere cavernae, non secus ac si qua penitus vi terra dehiscens infernas reseret sedes et regna recludat pallida, dis invisa, superque immane barathrum cernatur, trepident immisso lumine Manes", + "en": "But the den of Cacus and his huge palace stood revealed and, deep below, the darkling cave lay open: just as if, through some force, the earth, gaping open deep below, were to unlock the infernal abodes and disclose the pallid realms abhorred by the gods, and from above the vast abyss be seen, and the ghosts tremble at the inrushing light." + }, + { + "id": 18934, + "la": "ergo insperata deprensum luce repente inclusumque cavo saxo atque insueta rudentem desuper Alcides telis premit, omniaque arma advocat et ramis vastisque molaribus instat", + "en": "On him, then, caught suddenly by unexpected daylight, pent up in the hollow rock and bellowing as never before, Alcides hurls missiles from above, calling all weapons to his aid, and rains upon him boughs and giant millstones." + }, + { + "id": 18935, + "la": "ille autem, neque enim fuga iam super ulla pericli, faucibus ingentem fumum (mirabile dictu) evomit involvitque domum caligine caeca prospectum eripiens oculis, glomeratque sub antro fumiferam noctem commixtis igne tenebris", + "en": "He, meanwhile, since now no other escape from peril was left, belches from his throat dense smoke, wondrous to tell, and veils the dwelling in blinding darkness, blotting all view from the eyes, and rolling up in the caves depth smoke-laden night, its blackness mingled with flame." + }, + { + "id": 18936, + "la": "non tulit Alcides animis, seque ipse per ignem praecipiti iecit saltu, qua plurimus undam fumus agit nebulaque ingens specus aestuat atra", + "en": "In his fury Alcides did not tolerate this: headlong he dashed through the flame, where the smoke rolls its wave thickest, and through the mighty cave the mist surges black." + }, + { + "id": 18937, + "la": "hic Cacum in tenebris incendia vana vomentem corripit in nodum complexus, et angit inhaerens elisos oculos et siccum sanguine guttur", + "en": "Here, as Cacus in the darkness vomits forth unavailing fires, he seizes him in a knot-like embrace and, close entwined, throttles him till the eyes burst forth and the throat is drained of blood." + }, + { + "id": 18938, + "la": "panditur extemplo foribus domus atra revulsis abstractaeque boves abiurataeque rapinae caelo ostenduntur, pedibusque informe cadaver protrahitur", + "en": "At once the doors are torn off and the dark den laid bare; the stolen oxen and the theft he had denied are shown to heaven, and the hideous carcase is dragged forth by the feet." + }, + { + "id": 18939, + "la": "nequeunt expleri corda tuendo terribilis oculos, vultum villosaque saetis pectora semiferi atque exstinctos faucibus ignis", + "en": "Men cannot sate their hearts with gazing on the terrible eyes, the face, and shaggy bristling chest of the brutish creature, and the quenched fires of his throat." + }, + { + "id": 18940, + "la": "ex illo celebratus honos laetique minores servavere diem, primusque Potitius auctor et domus Herculei custos Pinaria sacri hanc aram luco statuit, quae Maxima semper dicetur nobis et erit quae maxima semper", + "en": "From that time has this rite been solemnized and joyous posterity has kept the day'Potitius foremost, founder of the rite, and the Pinarian house, custodian of the worship of Hercules. He himself set in the grove this altar, which shall always be called Mightiest by us, and mightiest it shall always be." + }, + { + "id": 18941, + "la": "quare agite, o iuvenes, tantarum in munere laudum cingite fronde comas et pocula porgite dextris, communemque vocate deum et date vina volentes.", + "en": "Come then, warriors, and, in honour of deeds so glorious, wreath your hair with leaves, and stretch forth the cup in your hands; call on our common god, and with a will pour forth the wine." + }, + { + "id": 18942, + "la": "dixerat, Herculea bicolor cum populus umbra velavitque comas foliisque innexa pependit, et sacer implevit dextram scyphus", + "en": "He had no sooner spoken than the variegated poplar veiled his hair with the shade dear to Hercules, hanging down with a festoon of leaves, and the sacred goblet charged his hand." + }, + { + "id": 18943, + "la": "ocius omnes in mensam laeti libant divosque precantur", + "en": "Speedily all pour glad libation on the board, and offer prayer to the gods." + }, + { + "id": 18944, + "la": "Devexo interea propior fit Vesper Olympo iamque sacerdotes primusque Potitius ibant pellibus in morem cincti, flammasque ferebant", + "en": "Meanwhile, evening draws nearer down heavens slope, and now the priests went forth, Potitius at their head, girt with skins after their fashion, and bearing torches." + }, + { + "id": 18945, + "la": "instaurant epulas et mensae grata secundae dona ferunt cumulantque oneratis lancibus aras", + "en": "They renew the banquet and bring the welcome offerings of a second repast, and heap the altars with laden platters." + }, + { + "id": 18946, + "la": "tum Salii ad cantus incensa altaria circum populeis adsunt evincti tempora ramis, hic iuvenum chorus, ille senum, qui carmine laudes Herculeas et facta ferunt: ut prima novercae monstra manu geminosque premens eliserit anguis, ut bello egregias idem disiecerit urbes, Troiamque Oechaliamque, ut duros mille labores rege sub Eurystheo fatis Iunonis iniquae pertulerit", + "en": "Then the Salii come to sing round the kindled altars, their brows bound with poplar boughs'one band of youths, the other of old men'and these in song extol the glories and deeds of Hercules: how first he strangled in his grip the twin serpents, the monsters of his stepmother; 7 how likewise in war he dashed down peerless cities, Troy and Oechalia; how under King Eurystheus he bore a thousand grievous toils by the doom of cruel Juno." + }, + { + "id": 18947, + "la": "tu nubigenas, invicte, bimembris Hylaeumque Pholumque manu, tu Cresia mactas prodigia et vastum Nemeae sub rupe leonem", + "en": "You, unconquered one, you with your hand are slayer of the cloud-born creatures of double shape, Hylaeus and Pholus, the monsters of Crete, and the huge lion beneath Nemeas rock." + }, + { + "id": 18948, + "la": "te Stygii tremuere lacus, te ianitor Orci ossa super recubans antro semesa cruento; nec te ullae facies, non terruit ipse Typhoeus arduus arma tenens; non te rationis egentem Lernaeus turba capitum circumstetit anguis", + "en": "Before you the Stygian lakes trembled; before you, the warder of Hell as he lay on half-gnawn bones in his bloody cave; no shape daunted you, no, not Typhoeus himself, towering aloft in arms; your wits did not fail you when Lernas snake encompassed you with its swarm of heads." + }, + { + "id": 18949, + "la": "salve, vera Iovis proles, decus addite divis, et nos et tua dexter adi pede sacra secundo.", + "en": "Hail, true seed of Jove, to the gods an added glory! Graciously with favouring foot visit us and your rites!" + }, + { + "id": 18950, + "la": "talia carminibus celebrant; super omnia Caci speluncam adiciunt spirantemque ignibus ipsum", + "en": "Such are their hymns of praise; and they crown all with the tale of Cacus cavern, and the fire-breathing monster himself." + }, + { + "id": 18951, + "la": "consonat omne nemus strepitu collesque resultant", + "en": "All the woodland rings with the clamour, and the hills resound." + }, + { + "id": 18952, + "la": "Exim se cuncti divinis rebus ad urbem perfectis referunt", + "en": "Then, the sacred rites completed, all return to the city." + }, + { + "id": 18953, + "la": "ibat rex obsitus aevo, et comitem Aenean iuxta natumque tenebat ingrediens varioque viam sermone levabat", + "en": "There walked the king, worn-out with years, and as he moved along he kept Aeneas and his son at his side as companions, relieving the way with varied talk." + }, + { + "id": 18954, + "la": "miratur facilisque oculos fert omnia circum Aeneas, capiturque locis et singula laetus exquiritque auditque virum monumenta priorum", + "en": "Aeneas marvels as he turns his ready eyes all around, is charmed with the scene, and joyfully seeks and learns, one by one, the stories of the men of old." + }, + { + "id": 18955, + "la": "tum rex Euandrus Romanae conditor arcis: haec nemora indigenae Fauni Nymphaeque tenebant gensque virum truncis et duro robore nata, qus neque mos neque cultus erat, nec iungere tauros aut componere opes norant aut parcere parto, sed rami atque asper victu venatus alebat", + "en": "Then King Evander, founder of Romes citadel: In these woodlands the native Fauns and Nymphs once dwelt, and a race of men sprung from trunks of trees and hardy oak, who had no rule or art of life, and knew not how to yoke the ox or to lay upstores, or to husband their gains; but tree branches nurtured them and the huntsmans savage fare." + }, + { + "id": 18956, + "la": "primus ab aetherio venit Saturnus Olympo arma Iovis fugiens et regnis exsul ademptis", + "en": "First from heavenly Olympus came Saturn, fleeing from the weapons of Jove and exiled from his lost realm." + }, + { + "id": 18957, + "la": "is genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis composuit legesque dedit, Latiumque vocari maluit, his quoniam latuisset tutus in oris", + "en": "He gathered together the unruly race, scattered over mountain heights, and gave them laws, and chose that the land be called Latium, since in these borders he had found a safe hiding place." + }, + { + "id": 18958, + "la": "aurea quae perhibent illo sub rege fuere saecula: sic placida populos in pace regebat, deterior donec paulatim ac decolor aetas et belli rabies et amor successit habendi", + "en": "Under his reign were the golden ages men tell of: in such perfect peace he ruled the nations; till little by little there crept in a race of worse sort and duller hue, the frenzy of war, and the passion for gain." + }, + { + "id": 18959, + "la": "tum manus Ausonia et gentes venere Sicanae, saepius et nomen posuit Saturnia tellus; tum reges asperque immani corpore Thybris, a quo post Itali fluvium cognomine Thybrim diximus; amisit verum vetus Albula nomen", + "en": "Then came the Ausonian host and the Sicanian tribes, and often the land of Saturn laid aside her name. Then kings arose, and fierce Thybris with giant bulk, from whose name we Italians have since called our river Tiber; the ancient river Albula has lost her true name." + }, + { + "id": 18960, + "la": "me pulsum patria pelagique extrema sequentem Fortuna omnipotens et ineluctabile fatum his posuere locis, matrisque egere tremenda Carmentis nymphae monita et deus auctor Apollo.", + "en": "As for me, exiled from my country and seeking the very limits of the sea, almighty Fortune and inevitable Fate planted me on this soil; and the dread warnings of my mother, the nymph Carmentis, and Apollos divine warrant, drove me here." + }, + { + "id": 18961, + "la": "Vix ea dicta, dehinc progressus monstrat et aram et Carmentalem Romani nomine portam quam memorant, nymphae priscum Carmentis honorem, vatis fatidicae, cecinit quae prima futuros Aeneadas magnos et nobile Pallanteum", + "en": "Scarce had he finished when he advances and points out the altar and the Carmental Gate, as the Romans call it, ancient tribute to the Nymph Carmentis, soothsaying prophetess, who first foretold the greatness of Aeneas sons, and the glory of Pallanteum." + }, + { + "id": 18962, + "la": "hinc lucum ingentem, quem Romulus acer asylum rettulit, et gelida monstrat sub rupe Lupercal Parrhasio dictum Panos de more Lycaei", + "en": "Next he shows him a vast grove, where valiant Romulus restored an asylum, and, beneath a chill rock, the Lupercal, bearing in Arcadian fashion the name of Lycaean Pan." + }, + { + "id": 18963, + "la": "nec non et sacri monstrat nemus Argileti testaturque locum et letum docet hospitis Argi", + "en": "He shows too the wood of holy Argiletum, and calls the place to witness, and tells of the death of Argus his guest." + }, + { + "id": 18964, + "la": "hinc ad Tarpeiam sedem et Capitolia ducit aurea nunc, olim silvestribus horrida dumis", + "en": "From here he leads him to the Tarpeian house, and the Capitol'golden now, then bristling with woodland thickets." + }, + { + "id": 18965, + "la": "iam tum religio pavidos terrebat agrestis dira loci, iam tum silvam saxumque tremebant", + "en": "Even then the dread sanctity of the region awed the trembling rustics; even then they shuddered at the forest and the rock." + }, + { + "id": 18966, + "la": "hoc nemus, hunc inquit frondoso vertice collem (quis deus incertum est) habitat deus; Arcades ipsum credunt se vidisse Iovem, cum saepe nigrantem aegida concuteret dextra nimbosque cieret", + "en": "This grove, he cries, this hill with its leafy crown'though we know not what god it is'is yet a gods home; my Arcadians believe they have looked on Jove himself, when as often happens, his right hand has shaken the darkening aegis and summoned the storm clouds." + }, + { + "id": 18967, + "la": "haec duo praeterea disiectis oppida muris, reliquias veterumque vides monumenta virorum", + "en": "Moreover, in these two towns with their walls overthrown you see the relics and memorials of men of old." + }, + { + "id": 18968, + "la": "hanc Ianus pater, hanc Saturnus condidit arcem; Ianiculum huic, illi fuerat Saturnia nomen.", + "en": "This fort father Janus built, that Saturn; Janiculum was this called, that Saturnia." + }, + { + "id": 18969, + "la": "Talibus inter se dictis ad tecta subibant pauperis Euandri, passimque armenta videbant Romanoque foro et lautis mugire Carinis", + "en": "So talking to each other, they came to the house of humble Evander, and saw cattle all about, lowing in the Roman Forum and in the fashionable Carinae." + }, + { + "id": 18970, + "la": "ut ventum ad sedes, haec inquit limina victor Alcides subiit, haec illum regia cepit", + "en": "When they reached his dwelling, he cries: These portals victorious Alcides stooped to enter; this mansion had room for him." + }, + { + "id": 18971, + "la": "aude, hospes, contemnere opes et te quoque dignum finge deo, rebusque veni non asper egenis.", + "en": "Have the courage, my guest, to scorn riches; make yourself, too, worthy of deity, and come not disdainful of our poverty." + }, + { + "id": 18972, + "la": "dixit, et angusti subter fastigia tecti ingentem Aenean duxit stratisque locavit effultum foliis et pelle Libystidis ursae: nox ruit et fuscis tellurem amplectitur alis", + "en": "He spoke, and beneath the roof of his lowly dwelling led towering Aeneas, and set him on a couch of strewn leaves and the skin of a Libyan bear. Night rushes down, and clasps the earth with dusky wings." + }, + { + "id": 18973, + "la": "At Venus haud animo nequiquam exterrita mater Laurentumque minis et duro mota tumultu Volcanum adloquitur, thalamoque haec coniugis aureo incipit et dictis divinum aspirat amorem: dum bello Argolici vastabant Pergama reges debita casurasque inimicis ignibus arces, non ullum auxilium miseris, non arma rogavi artis opisque tuae, nec te, carissime coniunx, incassumve tuos volui exercere labores, quamvis et Priami deberem plurima natis, et durum Aeneae flevissem saepe laborem", + "en": "But Venus, her mothers heart dismayed by no idle fear, moved by the threats and fierce uprising of the Laurentes, addresses Vulcan, and in her golden nuptial chamber thus begins, breathing into her words divine allurement: While the kings of Argos ravaged Troys doomed towers in war, and her ramparts that were fated to fall by hostile flames, no aid for the sufferers did I ask, no weapons of your art and power; no, dearest husband, I did not wish to put you or your endeavors to work for nothing, heavy as was my debt to Priams sons, and many the tears I shed for Aeneas sore distress." + }, + { + "id": 18974, + "la": "nunc Iovis imperiis Rutulorum constitit oris: ergo eadem supplex venio et sanctum mihi numen arma rogo, genetrix nato", + "en": "Now, by Joves commands, he has set foot in Rutulian territory; therefore, I, who never asked before, come as a suppliant, and ask arms of the deity I revere, a mother for her son." + }, + { + "id": 18975, + "la": "te filia Nerei, te potuit lacrimis Tithonia flectere coniunx", + "en": "You the daughter of Nereus, you the spouse of Tithonus could sway with tears." + }, + { + "id": 18976, + "la": "aspice qui coeant populi, quae moenia clausis ferrum acuant portis in me excidiumque meorum.", + "en": "See what nations are mustering, what cities with closed gates whet the sword against me and the lives of my people!" + }, + { + "id": 18977, + "la": "Dixerat et niveis hinc atque hinc diva lacertis cunctantem amplexu molli fovet", + "en": "The goddess ceased, and as he falters throws her snowy arms round him and fondles him in soft embrace." + }, + { + "id": 18978, + "la": "ille repente accepit solitam flammam, notusque medullas intravit calor et labefacta per ossa cucurrit, non secus atque olim tonitru cum rupta corusco ignea rima micans percurrit lumine nimbos;", + "en": "At once he felt the usual flame; the familiar warmth passed into his marrow and ran through his melting frame: just as when at times, bursting amid the thunders peal, a sparkling streak of fire courses through the storm clouds with dazzling light." + }, + { + "id": 18979, + "la": "sensit laeta dolis et formae conscia coniunx", + "en": "His consort knew it, rejoicing in her wiles and conscious of her beauty." + }, + { + "id": 18980, + "la": "tum pater aeterno fatur devinctus amore: quid causas petis ex alto? fiducia cessit quo tibi, diva, mei? similis si cura fuisset, tum quoque fas nobis Teucros armare fuisset; nec pater omnipotens Troiam nec fata vetabant stare decemque alios Priamum superesse per annos", + "en": "Then spoke Father Vulcan, enchained by immortal love: Why do you seek so far back for reasons? Where, goddess, has your faith in me fled to? Had your anxiety been the same then, in those days too it would have been right for me to arm the Trojans; neither the almighty Father nor Fate was unwilling that Troy stand or Priam live for ten years more." + }, + { + "id": 18981, + "la": "et nunc, si bellare paras atque haec tibi mens est, quidquid in arte mea possum promittere curae, quod fieri ferro liquidove potest electro, quantum ignes animaeque valent, absiste precando viribus indubitare tuis.", + "en": "And now, if war is your purpose and this is your intent, whatever care I can promise in my craft, whatever can be achieved with iron or molten electrum, whatever fire and air may avail'cease to mistrust your powers by using entreaty!" + }, + { + "id": 18982, + "la": "ea verba locutus optatos dedit amplexus placidumque petivit coniugis infusus gremio per membra soporem", + "en": "Saying these words, he gave her the desired embrace and, melting in his wifes arms, sought quiet sleep in every limb." + }, + { + "id": 18983, + "la": "Inde ubi prima quies medio iam noctis abactae curriculo expulerat somnum, cum femina primum, cui tolerare colo vitam tenuique Minerva impositum, cinerem et sopitos suscitat ignis noctem addens operi, famulasque ad lumina longo exercet penso, castum ut servare cubile coniugis et possit parvos educere natos: haud secus ignipotens nec tempore segnior illo mollibus e stratis opera ad fabrilia surgit", + "en": "Then, when repose had banished sleep, in the mid career of now waning night, at the time when a housewife, whose task it is to eke out life with her distaff and Minervas humble toil, awakes the embers and slumbering fire, adding night to her days work, and keeps her handmaids toiling by lamplight at the long task, so that she can keep her husbands bed chaste and rear her little sons: just so, and not more slothful at that hour, the Lord of Fire rises from his soft couch to the work of his smithy." + }, + { + "id": 18984, + "la": "Insula Sicanium iuxta latus Aeoliamque erigitur Liparen fumantibus ardua saxis, quam subter specus et Cyclopum exesa caminis antra Aetnaea tonant, validique incudibus ictus auditi referunt gemitus, striduntque cavernis stricturae Chalybum et fornacibus ignis anhelat, Volcani domus et Volcania nomine tellus", + "en": "Hard by the Sicanian coast and Aeolian Lipare rises an island, steep with smoking rocks. Beneath it thunders a cave, and the vaults of Aetna, scooped out by Cyclopean forges; strong strokes are heard echoing groans from the anvils, masses of Chalyb steel hiss in the caverns, and the fire pants in the furnace'it is the home of Vulcan and the land called Vulcania." + }, + { + "id": 18985, + "la": "huc tunc ignipotens caelo descendit ab alto", + "en": "To it the Lord of Fire then came down from high heaven." + }, + { + "id": 18986, + "la": "Ferrum exercebant vasto Cyclopes in antro, Brontesque Steropesque et nudus membra Pyracmon", + "en": "In the vast cave the Cyclopes were forging iron'Brontes and Steropes and bare-limbed Pyracmon." + }, + { + "id": 18987, + "la": "his informatum manibus iam parte polita fulmen erat, toto genitor quae plurima caelo deicit in terras, pars imperfecta manebat", + "en": "They had a thunderbolt, which their hands had shaped, like the many that the Father hurls down from all over heaven upon earth, in part already polished, while part remained unfinished." + }, + { + "id": 18988, + "la": "tris imbris torti radios, tris nubis aquosae addiderant, rutili tris ignis et alitis Austri", + "en": "Three shafts of twisted hail they had added to it, three of watery cloud, three of ruddy flame and the winged South Wind;" + }, + { + "id": 18989, + "la": "fulgores nunc terrificos sonitumque metumque miscebant operi flammisque sequacibus iras", + "en": "now they were blending into the work terrifying flashes, noise, and fear, and wrath with pursuing flames." + }, + { + "id": 18990, + "la": "parte alia Marti currumque rotasque volucris instabant, quibus ille viros, quibus excitat urbes; aegidaque horriferam, turbatae Palladis arma, certatim squamis serpentum auroque polibant conexosque anguis ipsamque in pectore divae Gorgona desecto vertentem lumina collo", + "en": "Elsewhere they were hurrying on for Mars a chariot and flying wheels, with which he stirs upmen and cities; and eagerly with golden scales of serpents were burnishing the awful aegis, armour of wrathful Pallas, the interwoven snakes, and on the breast of the goddess the Gorgon herself, with neck severed and eyes revolving." + }, + { + "id": 18991, + "la": "tollite cuncta inquit coeptosque auferte labores, Aetnaei Cyclopes, et huc advertite mentem: arma acri facienda viro", + "en": "Away with all! he cries. Remove the tasks you have begun, Cyclopes of Aetna, and turn your thoughts to this! Arms for a brave warrior you must make." + }, + { + "id": 18992, + "la": "nunc viribus usus, nunc manibus rapidis, omni nunc arte magistra", + "en": "Now you have need of strength, now of swift hands, now of all your masterful skill." + }, + { + "id": 18993, + "la": "praecipitate moras.", + "en": "Throw off delay!" + }, + { + "id": 18994, + "la": "nec plura effatus, at illi ocius incubuere omnes pariterque laborem sortiti", + "en": "No more he said; but they with speed all bent to the toil, allotting the labour equally." + }, + { + "id": 18995, + "la": "fluit aes rivis aurique metallum vulnificusque chalybs vasta fornace liquescit", + "en": "Bronze and golden ore flow in streams, and wounding steel is molten in the vast furnace." + }, + { + "id": 18996, + "la": "ingentem clipeum informant, unum omnia contra tela Latinorum, septenosque orbibus orbis impediunt", + "en": "A giant shield they shape, to confront alone all the weapons of the Latins, and weld it sevenfold, circle on circle." + }, + { + "id": 18997, + "la": "alii ventosis follibus auras accipiunt redduntque, alii stridentia tingunt aera lacu; gemit impositis incudibus antrum; illi inter sese multa vi bracchia tollunt in numerum, versantque tenaci forcipe massam", + "en": "Some with panting bellows make the blasts come and go, others dipthe hissing bronze in the lake, while the cavern groans under the anvils laid upon it. They with mighty force, now one, now another, raise their arms in measured cadence, and turn the metal with gripping tongs." + }, + { + "id": 18998, + "la": "Haec pater Aeoliis properat dum Lemnius oris, Euandrum ex humili tecto lux suscitat alma et matutini volucrum sub culmine cantus", + "en": "While on the Aeolian shores the lord of Lemnos speeds on this work, the kindly light and the morning songs of birds beneath the eaves roused Evander from his humble home." + }, + { + "id": 18999, + "la": "consurgit senior tunicaque inducitur artus et Tyrrhena pedum circumdat vincula plantis", + "en": "The old man rises, clothes his limbs in a tunic, and wraps his feet in Tyrrhenian sandals." + }, + { + "id": 19000, + "la": "tum lateri atque umeris Tegeaeum subligat ensem demissa ab laeva pantherae terga retorquens", + "en": "Then to his side and shoulders he buckles his Tegean sword, twisting back the panthers hide that drooped from the left." + }, + { + "id": 19001, + "la": "nec non et gemini custodes limine ab alto praecedunt gressumque canes comitantur erilem", + "en": "Moreover, two guardian dogs go ahead of him from the high threshold and attend their masters steps." + }, + { + "id": 19002, + "la": "hospitis Aeneae sedem et secreta petebat sermonum memor et promissi muneris heros", + "en": "To the secluded lodging of his guest, Aeneas, the hero made his way, mindful of his words and the service promised." + }, + { + "id": 19003, + "la": "nec minus Aeneas se matutinus agebat; filius huic Pallas, illi comes ibat Achates", + "en": "Nor was Aeneas astir less early. With the one walked his son Pallas; with the other, Achates." + }, + { + "id": 19004, + "la": "congressi iungunt dextras mediisque residunt aedibus et licito tandem sermone fruuntur", + "en": "As they meet, they clasp hands, sit down among the dwellings, 17 and at last enjoy free converse." + }, + { + "id": 19005, + "la": "Rex prior haec", + "en": "The king thus begins" + }, + { + "id": 19006, + "la": "maxime Teucrorum ductor, quo sospite numquam res equidem Troiae victas aut regna fatebor, nobis ad belli auxilium pro nomine tanto exiguae vires; hinc Tusco claudimur amni, hinc Rutulus premit et murum circumsonat armis", + "en": "Mightiest captain of the Teucrians'for while you live, I will never admit that the power and realm of Troy have been vanquished'our strength to aid in war is weak to match such a name as ours. On this side we are hemmed in by the Tuscan river; on that the Rutulian presses hard and thunders in arms about our wall." + }, + { + "id": 19007, + "la": "sed tibi ego ingentis populos opulentaque regnis iungere castra paro, quam fors inopina salutem ostentat: fatis huc te poscentibus adfers", + "en": "But I purpose to link mighty peoples with you and a camp rich in kingdoms 'the salvation that unforeseen chance reveals. It is at the call of Fate that you come here." + }, + { + "id": 19008, + "la": "haud procul hinc saxo incolitur fundata vetusto urbis Agyllinae sedes, ubi Lydia quondam gens, bello praeclara, iugis insedit Etruscis", + "en": "Not far from here, built of ancient stone, lies the site of the city of Agylla, where of old the war-famed Lydian race settled on the Etruscan heights." + }, + { + "id": 19009, + "la": "hanc multos florentem annos rex deinde superbo imperio et saevis tenuit Mezentius armis", + "en": "For many years it prospered, till King Mezentius ruled it with arrogant sway and cruel arms." + }, + { + "id": 19010, + "la": "quid memorem infandas caedes, quid facta tyranni effera? di capiti ipsius generique reservent! mortua quin etiam iungebat corpora vivis componens manibusque manus atque oribus ora, tormenti genus, et sanie taboque fluentis complexu in misero longa sic morte necabat", + "en": "Why recount the despots heinous murders, his savage deeds? May the gods store up such treatment for his own head and for his breed! He would even link dead bodies with the living, fitting hand to hand and face to face (grim torture!), and, in the oozy slime and poison of that ghastly embrace, thus slay them by a lingering death." + }, + { + "id": 19011, + "la": "at fessi tandem cives infanda furentem armati circumsistunt ipsumque domumque, obtruncant socios, ignem ad fastigia iactant", + "en": "But at last his exhausted citizens take up arms and besiege the monstrous madman, himself and his palace, cut down his followers, and hurl fire on his roof." + }, + { + "id": 19012, + "la": "ille inter caedem Rutulorum elapsus in agros confugere et Turni defendier hospitis armis", + "en": "Amid the carnage, he flees for refuge to Rutulian soil and finds shelter among the weapons of Turnus his friend." + }, + { + "id": 19013, + "la": "ergo omnis furiis surrexit Etruria iustis, regem ad supplicium praesenti Marte reposcunt", + "en": "So all Etruria has risen in righteous fury; threatening instant war they demand the king for punishment." + }, + { + "id": 19014, + "la": "his ego te, Aenea, ductorem milibus addam", + "en": "Of these thousands, Aeneas, I will make you chief;" + }, + { + "id": 19015, + "la": "toto namque fremunt condensae litore puppes signaque ferre iubent, retinet longaevus haruspex fata canens: o Maeoniae delecta iuventus, flos veterum virtusque virum, quos iustus in hostem fert dolor et merita accendit Mezentius ira, nulli fas Italo tantam subiungere gentem: externos optate duces.", + "en": "for their ships throng all the shore clamouring, and they bid the standards advance, but the aged soothsayer restrains them with prophecy of fate: Chosen warriors of Maeonia, flower and chivalry of an ancient race, you whom just resentment launches against the foe, and Mezentius inflames with righteous wrath, it is not right that any man of Italy should control a race so proud: choose leaders from abroad!" + }, + { + "id": 19016, + "la": "tum Etrusca resedit hoc acies campo monitis exterrita divum", + "en": "At that the Etruscan lines settled down on yonder plain, awed by Heavens warning;" + }, + { + "id": 19017, + "la": "ipse oratores ad me regnique coronam cum sceptro misit mandatque insignia Tarchon, succedam castris Tyrrhenaque regna capessam", + "en": "Tarchon himself has sent me envoys with the royal crown and sceptre, and offers the ensigns of power, bidding me join the camp and mount the Tuscan throne." + }, + { + "id": 19018, + "la": "sed mihi tarda gelu saeclisque effeta senectus invidet imperium seraeque ad fortia vires", + "en": "But the frost of sluggish age, worn out with years, and strength too old for deeds of valour, begrudge me the command." + }, + { + "id": 19019, + "la": "natum exhortarer, ni mixtus matre Sabella hinc partem patriae traheret", + "en": "My son I would urge to accept, were it not that, being of mixed blood, with a Sabine mother, he draws part of his nationality from her." + }, + { + "id": 19020, + "la": "tu, cuius et annis et generi fatum indulget, quem numina poscunt, ingredere, o Teucrum atque Italum fortissime ductor", + "en": "You, to whose years and race Fate is kind, whom Heaven calls, take up your task, most valiant leader of Trojans and Italians both." + }, + { + "id": 19021, + "la": "hunc tibi praeterea, spes et solacia nostri, Pallanta adiungam; sub te tolerare magistro militiam et grave Martis opus, tua cernere facta adsuescat, primis et te miretur ab annis", + "en": "Further, I will join with you Pallas here, our hope and comfort; under your guidance let him learn to endure warfare and the stern work of battle; let him behold your deeds, and revere you from his early years." + }, + { + "id": 19022, + "la": "Arcadas huic equites bis centum, robora pubis lecta dabo, totidemque suo tibi munere Pallas.", + "en": "To him I will give two hundred Arcadian cavalry, choice flower of our manhood, and as his own gift Pallas will give you as many more." + }, + { + "id": 19023, + "la": "Vix ea fatus erat, defixique ora tenebant Aeneas Anchisiades et fidus Achates, multaque dura suo tristi cum corde putabant, ni signum caelo Cytherea dedisset aperto", + "en": "Scarce had he ended; and Aeneas son of Anchises and faithful Achates, holding their eyes downcast, would long have mused on many a trouble in their own sad hearts, had not Cytheras queen granted a sign from the cloudless sky." + }, + { + "id": 19024, + "la": "namque improviso vibratus ab aethere fulgor cum sonitu venit et ruere omnia visa repente, Tyrrhenusque tubae mugire per aethera clangor", + "en": "For unexpectedly, launched from heaven, comes a flash with thunder, and everything seemed suddenly to reel, while the Tyrrhenian trumpet blast pealed through the sky." + }, + { + "id": 19025, + "la": "suspiciunt, iterum atque iterum fragor increpat ingens", + "en": "They glance up; again and yet again crashed the mighty roar." + }, + { + "id": 19026, + "la": "arma inter nubem caeli in regione serena per sudum rutilare vident et pulsa tonare", + "en": "In the serene expanse of the sky they see arms amid the clouds, gleaming red in the clear air and clashing in thunder." + }, + { + "id": 19027, + "la": "obstipuere animis alii, sed Trous heros agnovit sonitum et divae promissa parentis", + "en": "The rest stood aghast; but the Trojan hero knew the sound and the promise of his goddess mother." + }, + { + "id": 19028, + "la": "tum memorat: ne vero, hospes, ne quaere profecto quem casum portenta ferant: ego poscor Olympo", + "en": "Then he cries: Ask not, my friend, ask not, I pray, what fortune the portents bode; it is I who am summoned by Heaven." + }, + { + "id": 19029, + "la": "hoc signum cecinit missuram diva creatrix, si bellum ingrueret, Volcaniaque arma per auras laturam auxilio", + "en": "This sign the goddess who bore me foretold she would send if war was at hand, and to aid me would bring through the air arms wrought by Vulcan" + }, + { + "id": 19030, + "la": "heu quantae miseris caedes Laurentibus instant! quas poenas mihi, Turne, dabis! quam multa sub undas scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volves, Thybri pater! poscant acies et foedera rumpant.", + "en": "Alas, what carnage awaits the hapless Laurentines! What a price, Turnus, will you pay me! How many shields and helmets and bodies of the brave will you, father Tiber, sweep beneath your waves! Let them call for battle and break their covenants!" + }, + { + "id": 19031, + "la": "Haec ubi dicta dedit, solio se tollit ab alto et primum Herculeis sopitas ignibus aras excitat, hesternumque larem parvosque penatis laetus adit; mactat lectas de more bidentis Euandrus pariter, pariter Troiana iuventus", + "en": "These words said, he rose from his lofty throne, and first quickens the slumbering altars with fire to Hercules, and gladly approaches the Lar of yesterday 20 and the lowly household gods. Evander alike and alike the warriors of Troy offer upewes duly chosen." + }, + { + "id": 19032, + "la": "post hinc ad navis graditur sociosque revisit, quorum de numero qui sese in bella sequantur praestantis virtute legit; pars cetera prona fertur aqua segnisque secundo defluit amni, nuntia ventura Ascanio rerumque patrisque", + "en": "Next he goes to the ships and revisits his men, of whose number he chooses the foremost in valour to attend him to war; the rest glide down the stream and idly float with the favouring current, to bear news to Ascanius of his father and his fortunes." + }, + { + "id": 19033, + "la": "dantur equi Teucris Tyrrhena petentibus arva; ducunt exsortem Aeneae, quem fulva leonis pellis obit totum praefulgens unguibus aureis", + "en": "Horses are given to the Teucrians who seek the Tyrrhene fields; for Aeneas they lead forth a chosen steed, all caparisoned in a tawny lions skin, glittering with claws of gold." + }, + { + "id": 19034, + "la": "Fama volat parvam subito vulgata per urbem ocius ire equites Tyrrheni ad litora regis", + "en": "Suddenly, spreading through the little town, flies a rumour that horsemen are speeding to the shores of the Tyrrhene king." + }, + { + "id": 19035, + "la": "vota metu duplicant matres, propiusque periclo it timor et maior Martis iam apparet imago", + "en": "In alarm mothers redouble their vows; fear comes closer because of the danger, and the War Gods image now looms larger." + }, + { + "id": 19036, + "la": "tum pater Euandrus dextram complexus euntis haeret inexpletus lacrimans ac talia fatur: o mihi praeteritos referat si Iuppiter annos, qualis eram cum primam aciem Praeneste sub ipsa stravi scutorumque incendi victor acervos et regem hac Erulum dextra sub Tartara misi,", + "en": "Then Evander, clasping the hand of his departing son, clings to him weeping insatiably and thus speaks: If only Jupiter would bring me back the years that are sped, and make me what I was when under Praenestes very walls I struck down the foremost ranks, burned the piled up shields in my triumph, and with this right hand sent down to Tartarus King Erulus" + }, + { + "id": 19037, + "la": "nascenti cui tris animas Feronia mater (horrendum dictu) dederat, terna arma movenda' ter leto sternendus erat; cui tunc tamen omnis abstulit haec animas dextra et totidem exuit armis: non ego nunc dulci amplexu divellerer usquam, nate, tuo, neque finitimo Mezentius umquam huic capiti insultans tot ferro saeva dedisset funera, tam multis viduasset civibus urbem", + "en": "whom at his birth his mother Feronia had given (awful to tell!) three lives with threefold armour to wear'three times he had to be laid low in death; yet on that day this hand bereft him of all his lives and as often stripped him of his armour'then never should I now be torn, my son, from your sweet embrace. Never on this his neighbours head would Mezentius have heaped scorn, dealt with the sword so many cruel deaths, nor widowed the city of so many of her sons!" + }, + { + "id": 19038, + "la": "at vos, o superi, et divum tu maxime rector Iuppiter, Arcadii, quaeso, miserescite regis et patrias audite preces", + "en": "But you powers above, and you, Jupiter, mighty ruler of the gods, pity, I pray, the Arcadian king, and hear a fathers prayer." + }, + { + "id": 19039, + "la": "si numina vestra incolumem Pallanta mihi, si fata reservant, si visurus eum vivo et venturus in unum, vitam oro, patior quemvis durare laborem", + "en": "If your will, if destiny keep my Pallas safe, if I live still to see him, still to meet him, for life I pray; I have patience to endure any toil." + }, + { + "id": 19040, + "la": "sin aliquem infandum casum, Fortuna, minaris, nunc, nunc o liceat crudelem abrumpere vitam, dum curae ambiguae, dum spes incerta futuri, dum te, care puer, mea sera et sola voluptas, complexu teneo, gravior neu nuntius auris vulneret.", + "en": "But if, Fortune, you threaten some dread mischance, now, oh, now may I break the thread of cruel life'while fears are doubtful, while hope reads not the future, while you, beloved boy, my late and lone delight, are held in my embrace; and may no heavier tidings wound my ear!" + }, + { + "id": 19041, + "la": "haec genitor digressu dicta supremo fundebat; famuli conlapsum in tecta ferebant", + "en": "These words the father poured forth at their last parting; his servants bore him swooning into the palace." + }, + { + "id": 19042, + "la": "Iamque adeo exierat portis equitatus apertis Aeneas inter primos et fidus Achates, inde alii Troiae proceres, ipse agmine Pallas it medio, chlamyde et pictis conspectus in armis, qualis ubi Oceani perfusus Lucifer unda, quem Venus ante alios astrorum diligit ignis, extulit os sacrum caelo tenebrasque resolvit", + "en": "And now the horsemen had issued from the open gates, Aeneas at their head with loyal Achates, then other princes of Troy; Pallas himself rides at the columns centre, conspicuous in mantle and blazoned armour'just like the Morning Star, whom Venus loves above all the starry fires, when, bathed in Oceans wave, he lifts up his sacred head in heaven and melts the darkness." + }, + { + "id": 19043, + "la": "stant pavidae in muris matres oculisque sequuntur pulveream nubem et fulgentis aere catervas", + "en": "On the walls mothers stand trembling, and follow with their eyes the dusty cloud and the squadrons gleaming with bronze." + }, + { + "id": 19044, + "la": "olli per dumos, qua proxima meta viarum, armati tendunt; it clamor, et agmine facto quadripedante putrem sonitu quatit ungula campum", + "en": "Through the brushwood, where the journeys goal is nearest, the armed men move; a shout arises, they form in column, and with galloping tread the horse hoof shakes the crumbling plain." + }, + { + "id": 19045, + "la": "Est ingens gelidum lucus prope Caeritis amnem, religione patrum late sacer; undique colles inclusere cavi et nigra nemus abiete cingunt", + "en": "Near Caeres cold stream there stands a vast grove, revered far and wide with ancestral awe; on all sides curving hills enclose it and girdle the woodland with dark fir trees." + }, + { + "id": 19046, + "la": "Silvano fama est veteres sacrasse Pelasgos, arvorum pecorisque deo, lucumque diemque, qui primi finis aliquando habuere Latinos", + "en": "Rumour tells that the old Pelasgians who in time gone by first held the Latin borders dedicated both grove and festal day to Silvanus, god of fields and flock." + }, + { + "id": 19047, + "la": "haud procul hinc Tarcho et Tyrrheni tuta tenebant castra locis, celsoque omnis de colle videri iam poterat legio et latis tendebat in arvis", + "en": "Not far from there Tarchon and the Tyrrhenians camped in a sheltered spot, and now from a high hill all the host could be seen, their tents pitched in the wide fields." + }, + { + "id": 19048, + "la": "huc pater Aeneas et bello lecta iuventus succedunt, fessique et equos et corpora curant", + "en": "Hither come father Aeneas and the warriors chosen for battle, and refresh their steeds and wearied frames." + }, + { + "id": 19049, + "la": "At Venus aetherios inter dea candida nimbos dona ferens aderat; natumque in valle reducta ut procul egelido secretum flumine vidit, talibus adfata est dictis seque obtulit ultro:", + "en": "But Venus, lovely goddess, drew near, bearing her gifts amid the clouds of heaven; and when far off she saw her son apart in a secluded valley by the cool stream, she thus addressed him, suddenly presenting herself to view;" + }, + { + "id": 19050, + "la": "en perfecta mei promissa coniugis arte munera.ne mox aut Laurentis, nate, superbos aut acrem dubites in proelia poscere Turnum.", + "en": "Behold the gifts perfected by my lords promised skill, so that you do not shrink, my child, from soon challenging the haughty Laurentines or brave Turnus to battle." + }, + { + "id": 19051, + "la": "dixit, et amplexus nati Cytherea petivit, arma sub adversa posuit radiantia quercu", + "en": "Cytherea spoke, and sought her sons embrace, and set up the radiant arms under an oak before him." + }, + { + "id": 19052, + "la": "ille deae donis et tanto laetus honore expleri nequit atque oculos per singula volvit, miraturque interque manus et bracchia versat terribilem cristis galeam flammasque vomentem, fatiferumque ensem, loricam ex aere rigentem, sanguineam, ingentem,", + "en": "Rejoicing in the divine gift and in this high honour, he cannot be sated as he moves his eyes from piece to piece, admiring and turning over in his hands and arms the helmet, terrifying with its plumes and spouting flames, the death-dealing sword, the stiff bronze corslet, blood-red and huge'" + }, + { + "id": 19053, + "la": "qualis cum caerula nubes solis inardescit radiis longeque refulget; tum levis ocreas electro auroque recocto, hastamque et clipei non enarrabile textum", + "en": "just as when a dark blue cloud kindles with the suns rays and gleams afar; then the smooth greaves of electrum and refined gold, the spear, and the shields ineffable fabric." + }, + { + "id": 19054, + "la": "Illic res Italas Romanorumque triumphos haud vatum ignarus venturique inscius aevi fecerat ignipotens, illic genus omne futurae stirpis ab Ascanio pugnataque in ordine bella", + "en": "There the story of Italy and the triumphs of Rome had the Lord of Fire fashioned, not unversed in prophecy or unknowing of the age to come; there, every generation of the stock to spring from Ascanius, and the wars they fought in their sequence." + }, + { + "id": 19055, + "la": "fecerat et viridi fetam Mavortis in antro procubuisse lupam, geminos huic ubera circum ludere pendentis pueros et lambere matrem impavidos, illam tereti cervice reflexa mulcere alternos et corpora fingere lingua", + "en": "He had fashioned, too, the mother wolf lying stretched out in the green cave of Mars; around her teats the twin boys hung playing, and suckled their dam without fear; with shapely neck bent back, she fondled them by turns, and moulded their limbs with her tongue." + }, + { + "id": 19056, + "la": "nec procul hinc Romam et raptas sine more Sabinas consessu caveae, magnis Circensibus actis, addiderat, subitoque novum consurgere bellum Romulidis Tatioque seni Curibusque severis", + "en": "Not far from here he had set Rome and the Sabine maidens, lawlessly carried off, when the great Circus games were held, from the theatres seated throng; then the sudden uprising of a fresh war between the sons of Romulus and aged Tatius and his stern Cures." + }, + { + "id": 19057, + "la": "post idem inter se posito certamine reges armati Iovis ante aram paterasque tenentes stabant et caesa iungebant foedera porca, Romuleoque recens horrebat regia culmo", + "en": "Next, the same kings, their strife laid at rest, stood armed before Joves altar, cup in hand, and made covenant with each other over sacrifice of swine, and the palace was rough, fresh with the thatch of Romulus." + }, + { + "id": 19058, + "la": "haud procul inde citae Mettum in diversa quadrigae distulerant (at tu dictis, Albane, maneres!), raptabatque viri mendacis viscera Tullus per silvam, et sparsi rorabant sanguine vepres", + "en": "Not far from there, four-horse chariots, driven apart, had torn Mettus asunder (but you, Alban, should have stood by your words!), and Tullus dragged the liars body through the woods, and the brambles dripped with dew of blood." + }, + { + "id": 19059, + "la": "nec non Tarquinium eiectum Porsenna iubebat accipere ingentique urbem obsidione premebat; Aeneadae in ferrum pro libertate ruebant", + "en": "There, too, was Porsenna, bidding them admit the banished Tarquin, and oppressing the city with mighty siege: the sons of Aeneas rushing on the sword for freedoms sake." + }, + { + "id": 19060, + "la": "illum indignanti similem similemque minanti aspiceres, pontem auderet quia vellere Cocles et fluvium vinclis innaret Cloelia ruptis", + "en": "You could see him shown as angry, as threatening, because Cocles dared to tear down the bridge, and Cloelia broke her bonds and swam the river." + }, + { + "id": 19061, + "la": "In summo custos Tarpeiae Manlius arcis stabat pro templo et Capitolia celsa tenebat", + "en": "At the top of the shield Manlius, warder of the Tarpeian fort, stood before the temple and held the lofty Capitol." + }, + { + "id": 19062, + "la": "atque hic auratis volitans argenteus anser porticibus Gallos in limine adesse canebat; Galli per dumos aderant arcemque tenebant defensi tenebris et dono noctis opacae", + "en": "And here the silver goose, fluttering through gilded colonnades, cried that the Gauls were on the threshold. The Gauls were close by in the thickets, laying hold of the fort, shielded by darkness, and the boon of shadowy night." + }, + { + "id": 19063, + "la": "aurea caesaries ollis atque aurea vestis, virgatis lucent sagulis, tum lactea colla auro innectuntur, duo quisque Alpina coruscant gaesa manu, scutis protecti corpora longis", + "en": "Golden are their locks and golden their raiment; they glitter in striped cloaks, and their milk-white necks are entwined with gold; two Alpine pikes each brandishes in hand, and long shields guard their limbs." + }, + { + "id": 19064, + "la": "hic exsultantis Salios nudosque Lupercos lanigerosque apices et lapsa ancilia caelo extuderat, castae ducebant sacra per urbem pilentis matres in mollibus", + "en": "Here he had wrought the dancing Salii and naked Luperci, the crests bound with wool, and the shields that fell from heaven; and in cushioned carriages chaste matrons moved through the city in solemn progress." + }, + { + "id": 19065, + "la": "hinc procul addit Tartareas etiam sedes, alta ostia Ditis, et scelerum poenas, et te, Catilina, minaci pendentem scopulo Furiarumque ora trementem, secretosque pios, his dantem iura Catonem", + "en": "At a distance from these he adds also the abodes of Hell, the high gates of Dis, the penalties of sin, and you, Catiline, hanging on a frowning cliff, and trembling at the sight of the Furies; and far apart, the good, with Cato giving them laws." + }, + { + "id": 19066, + "la": "Haec inter tumidi late maris ibat imago aurea, sed fluctu spumabant caerula cano, et circum argento clari delphines in orbem aequora verrebant caudis aestumque secabant", + "en": "Among these scenes flowed wide the likeness of the swelling sea, all gold, but the blue water foamed with white billows, and round about dolphins, shining in silver, swept the seas with their tails in circles, and cleft the tide." + }, + { + "id": 19067, + "la": "in medio classis aeratas, Actia bella, cernere erat, totumque instructo Marte videres fervere Leucaten auroque effulgere fluctus", + "en": "In the centre could be seen bronze ships'the battle of Actium; you could see all Leucate aglow with Wars array, and the waves ablaze with gold." + }, + { + "id": 19068, + "la": "hinc Augustus agens Italos in proelia Caesar cum patribus populoque, penatibus et magnis dis, stans celsa in puppi, geminas cui tempora flammas laeta vomunt patriumque aperitur vertice sidus", + "en": "On the one side Augustus Caesar stands on the lofty stern, leading Italians to strife, with Senate and People, the Penates of the state, and all the mighty gods; his auspicious brows shoot forth a double flame, and on his head dawns his fathers star." + }, + { + "id": 19069, + "la": "parte alia ventis et dis Agrippa secundis arduus agmen agens, cui, belli insigne superbum, tempora navali fulgent rostrata corona", + "en": "Elsewhere, favored by winds and gods, high-towering Agrippa leads his column; his brows gleam with the beaks of the naval crown, proud token won in war." + }, + { + "id": 19070, + "la": "hinc ope barbarica variisque Antonius armis, victor ab Aurorae populis et litore rubro, Aegyptum virisque Orientis et ultima secum Bactra vehit, sequiturque (nefas) Aegyptia coniunx", + "en": "On the other side comes Antony with barbaric might and motley arms, victorious over the nations of the dawn and the ruddy sea, 25 bringing in his train Egypt and the strength of the East and farthest Bactra; and there follows him (oh the shame of it!) his Egyptian wife." + }, + { + "id": 19071, + "la": "una omnes ruere ac totum spumare reductis convulsum remis rostrisque tridentibus aequor", + "en": "All rush on at once, and the whole sea foams, torn up by the sweeping oars and triple-pointed beaks." + }, + { + "id": 19072, + "la": "alta petunt; pelago credas innare revulsas Cycladas aut montis concurrere montibus altos, tanta mole viri turritis puppibus instant", + "en": "To the deep they race; you would think that the Cyclades, uprooted, were floating on the main, or that high mountains were clashing with mountains: in such huge ships the seamen attack the towered sterns." + }, + { + "id": 19073, + "la": "stuppea flamma manu telisque volatile ferrum spargitur, arva nova Neptunia caede rubescunt", + "en": "Flaming tow and shafts of winged steel are showered from their hands; Neptunes fields redden with strange slaughter." + }, + { + "id": 19074, + "la": "regina in mediis patrio vocat agmina sistro, necdum etiam geminos a tergo respicit anguis", + "en": "In the midst the queen calls upon her hosts with their native sistrum; not yet does she cast back a glance at the twin snakes behind." + }, + { + "id": 19075, + "la": "omnigenumque deum monstra et latrator Anubis contra Neptunum et Venerem contraque Minervam tela tenent", + "en": "Monstrous gods of every form and barking Anubis wield weapons against Neptune and Venus and against Minerva." + }, + { + "id": 19076, + "la": "saevit medio in certamine Mavors caelatus ferro, tristesque ex aethere Dirae, et scissa gaudens vadit Discordia palla, quam cum sanguineo sequitur Bellona flagello", + "en": "In the middle of the fray storms Mavors, embossed in steel, with the grim Furies from on high; and in rent robe Discord strides exultant, while Bellona follows her with bloody scourge." + }, + { + "id": 19077, + "la": "Actius haec cernens arcum intendebat Apollo desuper; omnis eo terrore Aegyptus et Indi, omnis Arabs, omnes vertebant terga Sabaei", + "en": "Actian Apollo saw the sight, and from above was bending his bow; in terror at this all Egypt and India, all Arabians, all Sabaeans, turned to flee." + }, + { + "id": 19078, + "la": "ipsa videbatur ventis regina vocatis vela dare et laxos iam iamque immittere funis", + "en": "The queen herself was seen to woo the winds, spread sail, andv now, even now, fling loose the slackened sheets." + }, + { + "id": 19079, + "la": "illam inter caedes pallentem morte futura fecerat ignipotens undis et Iapyge ferri, contra autem magno maerentem corpore Nilum pandentemque sinus et tota veste vocantem caeruleum in gremium latebrosaque flumina victos", + "en": "Amid the carnage, the Lord of Fire had fashioned her pale at the coming of death, borne on by waves and the wind of Iapyx; while over against her was the mourning Nile, of massive body, opening wide his folds and with all his raiment welcoming the vanquished to his azure lap and sheltering streams." + }, + { + "id": 19080, + "la": "At Caesar, triplici invectus Romana triumpho moenia, dis Italis votum immortale sacrabat, maxima ter centum totam delubra per urbem", + "en": "But Caesar, entering the walls of Rome in triple triumph, 28 was dedicating to Italys gods his immortal votive gift'three hundred mighty shrines throughout the city." + }, + { + "id": 19081, + "la": "laetitia ludisque viae plausuque fremebant; omnibus in templis matrum chorus, omnibus arae; ante aras terram caesi stravere iuvenci", + "en": "The streets were ringing with gladness and games and shouting; in all the temples was a band of matrons, in all were altars, and before the altars slain steers covered the ground." + }, + { + "id": 19082, + "la": "ipse sedens niveo candentis limine Phoebi dona recognoscit populorum aptatque superbis postibus; incedunt victae longo ordine gentes, quam variae linguis, habitu tam vestis et armis", + "en": "He himself, seated at the snowy threshold of shining Phoebus, reviews the gifts of nations and hangs them on the proud portals. The conquered peoples move in long array, as diverse in fashion of dress and arms as in tongues." + }, + { + "id": 19083, + "la": "Nomadum genus et discinctos Mulciber Afros, hic Lelegas Carasque sagittiferosque Gelonos finxerat; Euphrates ibat iam mollior undis, extremique hominum Morini, Rhenusque bicornis, indomitique Dahae, et pontem indignatus Araxes", + "en": "Here Mulciber had portrayed the Nomad race and the un-girt Africans, here the Leleges and Carians and quivered Gelonians. Euphrates moved now with humbler waves, and the Morini were there, furthest of mankind, and the Rhine of double horn, the untamed Dahae, and Araxes chafing at his bridge." + }, + { + "id": 19084, + "la": "Talia per clipeum Volcani, dona parentis, miratur rerumque ignarus imagine gaudet attollens umero famamque et fata nepotum", + "en": "Such sights he admires on the shield of Vulcan, his mothers gift, and, though he knows not the events, he rejoices in their representation, raising up on his shoulder the fame and fortunes of his childrens children." + }, + { + "id": 19085, + "la": "Atque ea diversa penitus dum parte geruntur, Irim de caelo misit Saturnia Iuno audacem ad Turnum luco tum forte parentis Pilumni Turnus sacrata valle sedebat", + "en": "And while in the far distance such deeds were done, Saturnian Juno sent Iris from heaven to gallant Turnus, who as it chanced was then seated in a hallowed vale, in the grove of his father Pilumnus." + }, + { + "id": 19086, + "la": "ad quem sic roseo Thaumantias ore locuta est: Turne, quod optanti divum promittere nemo auderet, volvenda dies en attulit ultro", + "en": "To him, with roseate lips, thus spoke the child of Thaumas: Turnus, what no god dared to promise to your prayers, see'the circling hour has brought unasked!" + }, + { + "id": 19087, + "la": "Aeneas urbe et sociis et classe relicta sceptra Palatini sedemque pett Euandri", + "en": "Aeneas, leaving town, comrades and fleet, seeks the Palatine realm and Evanders dwelling." + }, + { + "id": 19088, + "la": "nec satis: extremas Corythi penetravit ad urbes Lydorumque manum, collectos armat agrestis", + "en": "Nor does that suffice; he has won his way to Corythus furthest cities, and is mustering the Lydian country folk in armed bands." + }, + { + "id": 19089, + "la": "quid dubitas? nunc tempus equos, nunc poscere currus", + "en": "Why hesitate? Now, now is the hour to call for steed and chariot;" + }, + { + "id": 19090, + "la": "rumpe moras omnis et turbata arripe castra.", + "en": "break off delay, and seize the bewildered camp!" + }, + { + "id": 19091, + "la": "dixit, et in caelum paribus se sustulit alis ingentemque fuga secuit sub nubibus arcum", + "en": "She spoke, and on poised wings rose into the sky, tracing in her flight a huge arch beneath the clouds." + }, + { + "id": 19092, + "la": "agnovit iuvenis duplicisque ad sidera palmas sustulit ac tali fugientem est voce secutus: Iri, decus caeli, quis te mihi nubibus actam detulit in terras? unde haec tam clara repente tempestas? medium video discedere caelum palantisque polo stellas", + "en": "The youth knew her and, raising his two hands to heaven, with these words pursued her flight: Iris, glory of the sky, who brought you down to me, wafted upon the clouds to earth? Whence this sudden brightness of the air? I see the heavens part asunder, and the stars that roam in the firmament." + }, + { + "id": 19093, + "la": "sequor omina tanta, quisquis in arma vocas.", + "en": "I follow the mighty omen, whoever you are who call me to arms!" + }, + { + "id": 19094, + "la": "et sic effatus ad undam processit summoque hausit de gurgite lymphas multa deos orans, oneravitque aethera votis", + "en": "And with these words he went to the river, and took up water from the brimming flood, calling many times on the gods and burdening heaven with vows." + }, + { + "id": 19095, + "la": "Iamque omnis campis exercitus ibat apertis dives equum, dives pictai vestis et auri; Messapus primas acies, postrema coercent Tyrrhidae iuvenes, medio dux agmine Turnus: ceu septem surgens sedatis amnibus altus per tacitum Ganges aut pingui flumine Nilus cum refluit campis et iam se condidit alveo", + "en": "And now all the army was advancing on the open plain, rich in horses, rich in embroidered robes and gold'Messapus marshalling the van, the sons of Tyrrhus the rear, and Turnus their captain in the centre of the line, like Ganges, rising high in silence with his seven peaceful streams, or Nile, when his rich flood ebbs from the fields and at length he sinks into his channel." + }, + { + "id": 19096, + "la": "hic subitam nigro glomerari pulvere nubem prospiciunt Teucri ac tenebras insurgere campis", + "en": "Here the Teucrians descry a sudden cloud gathering in black dust, and darkness rising on the plains." + }, + { + "id": 19097, + "la": "primus ab adversa conclamat mole Caicus: quis globus, o cives, caligine volvitur atra? ferte citi ferrum, date tela, ascendite muros, hostis adest, heia! ingenti clamore per omnis condunt se Teucri portas et moenia complent", + "en": "First from the ramparts front Cacus shouts, What mass, my countrymen, rolls onward in murky gloom? Quick, bring your swords! Give out weapons, climb the walls! The enemy is upon us, ho! With mighty clamour the Teucrians seek shelter through all the gates and man the ramparts." + }, + { + "id": 19098, + "la": "namque ita discedens praeceperat optimus armis Aeneas: si qua interea fortuna fuisset, neu struere auderent aciem neu credere campo; castra modo et tutos servarent aggere muros", + "en": "For so at his departure Aeneas, best of warriors, had charged: were anything to happen meanwhile, they should not dare to form their line or entrust themselves to the field; let them only guard camp and walls, secure behind their mound." + }, + { + "id": 19099, + "la": "ergo etsi conferre manum pudor iraque monstrat, obiciunt portas tamen et praecepta facessunt, armatique cavis exspectant turribus hostem", + "en": "Therefore, though shame and wrath prompt them to conflict, yet they bar the gates and do his bidding, awaiting the foe under arms and inside the hollow towers." + }, + { + "id": 19100, + "la": "Turnus at ante volans tardum praecesserat agmen viginti lectis equitum comitatus, et urbi improvisus adest; maculis quem Thracius albis portat equus cristaque tegit galea aurea rubra, ecquis erit mecum, iuvenes, qui primus in hostem'? en, ait et iaculum attorquens emittit in auras, principium pugnae, et campo sese arduus infert", + "en": "But Turnus had hurried forward in advance of his tardy column, with a following of twenty chosen horse, and reaches the city sooner than expected: a Thracian steed, spotted with white, bears him, and a golden helmet with crimson crest guards his head. Men, is there anyone who with me will be first against the foe? See! he cries, and whirling a javelin sends it skyward to start the battle and advances proudly over the plain." + }, + { + "id": 19101, + "la": "clamore excipiunt socii fremituque sequuntur horrisono; Teucrum mirantur inertia corda, non aequo dare se campo, non obvia ferre arma viros, sed castra fovere", + "en": "His comrades greet him with a shout, and follow with dreadful din; they marvel at the Teucrians craven hearts, crying: They cannot trust themselves to a fair field, or face the foe in arms, but hug the camp." + }, + { + "id": 19102, + "la": "huc turbidus atque huc lustrat equo muros aditumque per avia quaerit", + "en": "Back and forth he rides wildly round the walls, seeking entrance where way is none." + }, + { + "id": 19103, + "la": "ac veluti pleno lupus insidiatus ovili cum fremit ad caulas ventos perpessus et imbris nocte super media; tuti sub matribus agni balatum exercent, ille asper et improbus ira saevit in absentis; collecta fatigat edendi ex longo rabies et siccae sanguine fauces: haud aliter Rutulo muros et castra tuenti ignescunt irae, duris dolor ossibus ardet", + "en": "And as when a wolf, lying in wait at a crowded fold, growls beside the pens at midnight, enduring winds and rains; safe beneath their mothers the lambs keepbleating; fierce and reckless in his wrath, he rages against the prey beyond his reach, tormented by the long-gathering fury of famine, and by his dry, bloodless jaws; just so, as he scans wall and camp, the Rutulians wrath is aflame; resentment is hot within his iron bones." + }, + { + "id": 19104, + "la": "qua temptet ratione aditus, et quae via clausos excutiat Teucros vallo atque effundat in aequum? classem, quae lateri castrorum adiuncta latebat, aggeribus saeptam circum et fluvialibus undis, invadit sociosque incendia poscit ovantis atque manum pinu flagranti fervidus implet", + "en": "By what device can he attempt entrance? By what path hurl the penned Teucrians from their rampart, and pour them out over the plain? Close to the side of the camplay the fleet, fenced about with mounds and the flowing river; he attacks it, calling to his exulting comrades for fire, and in hot haste fills his hand with a blazing pine." + }, + { + "id": 19105, + "la": "tum vero incumbunt (urget praesentia Turni), atque omnis facibus pubes accingitur atris", + "en": "Then indeed they fall to, spurred on by Turnus presence, and all the band arm themselves with murky torches." + }, + { + "id": 19106, + "la": "diripuere focos: piceum fert fumida lumen taeda et commixtam Volcanus ad astra favillam", + "en": "They have stripped the hearths; smoking brands fling a pitchy glare, and the Fire God carries the sooty cloud to heaven." + }, + { + "id": 19107, + "la": "Quis deus, o Musae, tam saeva incendia Teucris avertit? tantos ratibus quis depulit ignis? dicite: prisca fides facto, sed fama perennis", + "en": "What god, Muses, turned such fierce flames from the Teucrians? Who drove such vast fires away from the ships? Tell me; faith in the tale is old, but its fame is everlasting." + }, + { + "id": 19108, + "la": "tempore quo primum Phrygia formabat in Ida Aeneas classem et pelagi petere alta parabat, ipsa deum fertur genetrix Berecyntia magnum vocibus his adfata Iovem: da, nate, petenti, quod tua cara parens domito te poscit Olympo", + "en": "In the days when on Phrygian Ida Aeneas was first fashioning his fleet and preparing to sail the deep seas, the very Mother of gods, it is said, the Berecyntian queen, spoke thus to mighty Jove: Grant, son, to my prayer what your dear mother asks of you, now lord of Olympus." + }, + { + "id": 19109, + "la": "pinea silva mihi multos dilecta per annos, lucus in arce fuit summa, quo sacra ferebant, nigranti picea trabibusque obscurus acernis", + "en": "A grove I had upon the mountains crest, where men brought me offerings'a pine forest beloved for many years, dim with dusky firs and trunks of maple." + }, + { + "id": 19110, + "la": "has ego Dardanio iuveni, cum classis egeret, laeta dedi; nunc sollicitam timor anxius angit", + "en": "These, when he lacked a fleet, I gave gladly to the Dardan youth; now anxious fear tortures my troubled breast." + }, + { + "id": 19111, + "la": "solve metus atque hoc precibus sine posse parentem, ne cursu quassatae ullo neu turbine venti vincantur: prosit nostris in montibus ortas.", + "en": "Relieve my terrors, and let a mother achieve this by her prayers: that they be overcome by neither stress of voyage nor blast of wind. Let their birth on our hills be a boon to them." + }, + { + "id": 19112, + "la": "Filius huic contra, torquet qui sidera mundi: o genetrix, quo fata vocas? aut quid petis istis? mortaline manu factae immortale carinae fas habeant? certusque incerta pericula lustret Aeneas? cui tanta deo permissa potestas? immo, ubi defunctae finem portusque tenebunt Ausonios olim, quaecumque evaserit undis Dardaniumque ducem Laurentia vexerit arva, mortalem eripiam formam magnique iubebo aequoris esse deas, qualis Nerea Doto et Galatea secant spumantem pectore pontum.", + "en": "To her replied her son, who sways the starry world: Mother, where are you summoning fate? What are you asking for these ships of yours? Should hulls framed by mortal hand have immortal rights? And should Aeneas in certainty traverse uncertain perils? To what god is such power allowed? Nay, when one day, their service done, they gain an Ausonian haven, from all the ships that have escaped the waves, and borne the Dardan chief to the fields of Laurentum, I will take away their mortal shape, and bid them be goddesses of the great sea, like Doto, Nereus child, and Galatea, who cleave with their breasts the foaming deep." + }, + { + "id": 19113, + "la": "dixerat idque ratum Stygii per flumina fratris, per pice torrentis atraque voragine ripas adnuit, et totum nutu tremefecit Olympum", + "en": "He had spoken, and by the waters of his Stygian brother, by the banks that seethe with pitch in the black swirling abyss, he nodded assent, and with the nod made all Olympus tremble." + }, + { + "id": 19114, + "la": "Ergo aderat promissa dies et tempora Parcae debita complerant, cum Turni iniuria Matrem admonuit ratibus sacris depellere taedas", + "en": "So the promised day was come, and the Destinies had fulfilled their appointed times, when Turnus outrage warned the Mother to ward off the brands from her sacred ships." + }, + { + "id": 19115, + "la": "hic primum nova lux oculis offulsit et ingens visus ab Aurora caelum transcurrere nimbus Idaeique chori; tum vox horrenda per auras excidit et Troum Rutulorumque agmina complet: ne trepidate meas, Teucri, defendere navis neve armate manus; maria ante exurere Turno quam sacras dabitur pinus", + "en": "Then first there flashed upon the eyes a strange light, and from the Dawn a vast cloud was seen to speed across the sky, with Mount Idas dancing bands in its train; then through the air fell an awful voice, filling the Trojan and Rutulian ranks: Trouble not, you Teucrians, to defend my ships, and take not weapons into your hands. Turnus shall have leave to burn upthe seas sooner than my sacred pines." + }, + { + "id": 19116, + "la": "vos ite solutae, ite deae pelagi; genetrix iubet.", + "en": "Go free, go, goddesses of ocean, the Mother bids it." + }, + { + "id": 19117, + "la": "et sua quaeque continuo puppes abrumpunt vincula ripis delphinumque modo demersis aequora rostris ima petunt", + "en": "And at once each shiprends her cable from the bank, and like dolphins they dip their beaks and dive to the waters depths;" + }, + { + "id": 19118, + "la": "hinc virgineae (mirabile monstrum) reddunt se totidem facies pontoque feruntur", + "en": "then as maiden forms'wondrous portent!'they resurface in like number and swim in the sea." + }, + { + "id": 19119, + "la": "Obstipuere animis Rutuli, conterritus ipse turbatis Messapus equis, cunctatur et amnis rauca sonans revocatque pedem Tiberinus ab alto", + "en": "Amazed were the Rutulians at heart; Messapus himself was terror-stricken, his horses afraid; and the loud murmuring stream is stayed, as Tiberinus turns back his footsteps from the deep." + }, + { + "id": 19120, + "la": "at non audaci Turno fiducia cessit; ultro animos tollit dictis atque increpat ultro: Troianos haec monstra petunt, his Iuppiter ipse auxilium solitum eripuit: non tela neque ignis exspectant Rutulos", + "en": "But fearless Turnus did not lose heart; eagerly he raises their courage with his words, eagerly he chides them: It is the Trojans that these portents are directed against; Jupiter himself has bereft them of their usual help; they do not await Rutulian sword and fire." + }, + { + "id": 19121, + "la": "ergo maria invia Teucris, nec spes ulla fugae: rerum pars altera adempta est, terra autem in nostris manibus, tot milia gentes arma ferunt Italae", + "en": "So the seas are pathless for the Teucrians, and they have no hope of flight. Half the world is lost to them, but the earth is in our hands: in such thousands are the nations of Italy under arms." + }, + { + "id": 19122, + "la": "nil me fatalia terrent, si qua Phryges prae se iactant, responsa deorum; sat fatis Venerique datum, tetigere quod arva fertilis Ausoniae Troes", + "en": "I have no dread of all the fateful oracles of heaven of which these Phrygians boast: to Fate and Venus all claims are paid, since the Trojans have touched our rich Ausonias fields." + }, + { + "id": 19123, + "la": "sunt et mea contra fata mihi, ferro sceleratam exscindere gentem coniuge praerepta; nec solos tangit Atridas iste dolor, solisque licet capere arma Mycenis", + "en": "I too have my own fate to meet theirs'to cut down with the sword a guilty race that has robbed me of my bride! Not only the sons of Atreus are touched by that pang, not only Mycenae has the right to take up arms." + }, + { + "id": 19124, + "la": "sed periisse semel satis est: peccare fuisset ante satis, penitus modo non genus omne perosos femineum, quibus haec medii fiducia valli fossarumque morae, leti discrimina parva, dant animos; at non viderunt moenia Troiae Neptuni fabricata manu considere in ignis? sed vos, o lecti, ferro quis scindere vallum apparat et mecum invadit trepidantia castra? non armis mihi Volcani, non mille carinis est opus in Teucros", + "en": "But to have perished once is enough! Rather, to have sinned once would have been enough, provided that henceforth they utterly loathe well-nigh all womankind, these men to whom this trust in a sundering rampart, these delaying dykes'slight barriers against death'afford courage! But did they not see Troys battlements, the work of Neptunes hand, sink in flames? But you, my chosen troops, who is ready to hew down the rampart with the sword and rush with me on their terrified camp? I do not need the arms of Vulcan nor a thousand ships, to meet the Trojans." + }, + { + "id": 19125, + "la": "addant se protinus omnes Etrusci socios", + "en": "Let all Etruria join them at once in alliance." + }, + { + "id": 19126, + "la": "tenebras et inertia furta Palladii caesis late custodibus arcis ne timeant, nec equi caeca condemur in alvo: luce palam certum est igni circumdare muros", + "en": "Darkness and cowardly theft of their Palladium, with slaughter of guards on the citadel, they need not fear; nor shall we lurk in a horses dark belly: in broad day, in the sight of all, I mean to gird their walls with fire." + }, + { + "id": 19127, + "la": "haud sibi cum Danais rem faxo et pube Pelasga esse ferant, decimum quos distulit Hector in annum", + "en": "I will see to it that they know they do not have to deal with Danaans and Pelasgic youths, whom Hector kept at bay till the tenth year." + }, + { + "id": 19128, + "la": "nunc adeo, melior quoniam pars acta diei, quod superest, laeti bene gestis corpora rebus procurate, viri, et pugnam sperate parari.", + "en": "Now, since the better part of the day is spent, for what remains, men, joyfully refresh yourselves after your good service, and be assured that we are preparing for war." + }, + { + "id": 19129, + "la": "", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 19130, + "la": "Interea vigilum excubiis obsidere portas cura datur Messapo et moenia cingere flammis", + "en": "Meanwhile Messapus is charged to blockade the gates with posted sentries, and to encircle the battlements with fires." + }, + { + "id": 19131, + "la": "bis septem Rutuli muros qui milite servent delecti, ast illos centeni quemque sequuntur purpurei cristis iuvenes auroque corusci", + "en": "Twice seven Rutulians are chosen to guard the walls with soldiers; on each attend a hundred men, purple-plumed and sparkling with gold." + }, + { + "id": 19132, + "la": "discurrunt variantque vices, fusique per herbam indulgent vino et vertunt crateras aenos", + "en": "Back and forth they rush, and take their turns on watch, or, stretched along the grass, drink their fill of wine and upturn bowls of bronze." + }, + { + "id": 19133, + "la": "conlucent ignes, noctem custodia ducit insomnem ludo", + "en": "The fires burn bright, and the guards spend the sleepless night in games" + }, + { + "id": 19134, + "la": "Haec super e vallo prospectant Troes et armis alta tenent, nec non trepidi formidine portas explorant pontisque et propugnacula iungunt, tela gerunt", + "en": "On this scene the Trojans look forth from the rampart above, as in arms they hold the summit; in anxious haste they test the gates and build joining gangways and bastions, bring up weapons." + }, + { + "id": 19135, + "la": "instat Mnestheus acerque Serestus, quos pater Aeneas, si quando adversa vocarent, rectores iuvenum et rerum dedit esse magistros", + "en": "Mnestheus and valiant Serestus urge on the work, whom father Aeneas, should adversity ever require, appointed as leaders of the warriors and rulers of the state." + }, + { + "id": 19136, + "la": "omnis per muros legio sortita periclum excubat exercetque vices, quod cuique tuendum est", + "en": "Along the walls the whole host, sharing the peril, keeps watch, and serves in turns, each man at his allotted task." + }, + { + "id": 19137, + "la": "Nisus erat portae custos, acerrimus armis, Hyrtacides, comitem Aeneae quem miserat Ida venatrix iaculo celerem levibusque sagittis, et iuxta comes Euryalus, quo pulchrior alter non fuit Aeneadum Troiana neque induit arma, ora puer prima signans intonsa iuventa", + "en": "Nisus was guardian of the gate, most valiant of warriors, son of Hyrtacus, whom Ida the huntress had sent in Aeneas train, quick with javelin and light arrows. At his side was Euryalus'none fairer was among the Aeneadae, or wore Trojan armour'a boy who showed on his unshaven cheek the first bloom of youth." + }, + { + "id": 19138, + "la": "his amor unus erat pariterque in bella ruebant; tum quoque communi portam statione tenebant", + "en": "A common love was theirs; side by side they would charge into battle; now too they were mounting sentry together at the gate." + }, + { + "id": 19139, + "la": "Nisus ait: dine hunc ardorem mentibus addunt, Euryale, an sua cuique deus fit dira cupido? aut pugnam aut aliquid iamdudum invadere magnum mens agitat mihi, nec placida contenta quiete est", + "en": "Nisus says: Do the gods, Euryalus, put this fire into hearts, or does his own wild longing become to each man a god? Long has my heart been astir to dare battle or some great deed, and it is not content with peaceful quiet." + }, + { + "id": 19140, + "la": "cernis quae Rutulos habeat fiducia rerum: lumina rara micant, somno vinoque soluti procubuere, silent late loca", + "en": "You see what faith in their fortunes possesses the Rutulians. Their gleaming lights are far apart; relaxed with wine and slumber, they lie prone; silence reigns far and wide." + }, + { + "id": 19141, + "la": "percipe porro quid dubitem et quae nunc animo sententia surgat", + "en": "Learn then what I ponder, and what purpose now rises in my mind." + }, + { + "id": 19142, + "la": "Aenean acciri omnes, populusque patresque, exposcunt, mittique viros qui certa reportent", + "en": "People and senate'all demand that Aeneas be summoned, and men be sent to bring him sure tidings." + }, + { + "id": 19143, + "la": "si tibi quae posco promittunt (nam mihi facti fama sat est), tumulo videor reperire sub illo posse viam ad muros et moenia Pallantea.", + "en": "If they promise the boon I ask for you'for to me the glory of the deed is enough'I think that beneath that mound I can find a path to the walls and fortress of Pallanteum." + }, + { + "id": 19144, + "la": "obstipuit magno laudum percussus amore Euryalus, simul his ardentem adfatur amicum: mene igitur socium summis adiungere rebus, Nise, fugis? solum te in tanta pericula mittam? non ita me genitor, bellis adsuetus Opheltes, Argolicum terrorem inter Troiaeque labores sublatum erudiit, nec tecum talia gessi magnanimum Aenean et fata extrema secutus: est hic, est animus lucis contemptor et istum qui vita bene credat emi, quo tendis, honorem.", + "en": "Euryalus was dazed, smitten with mighty love of praise, and at once speaks thus to his ardent friend: Do you refuse then, Nisus, to let me join in this great endeavour? Am I to send you alone into such great perils? Not so did my father, the old warrior Opheltes, train me as his child among Argive terrors and the travails of Troy, nor at your side have I played my part so, following high-souled Aeneas and his ultimate fate. Mine is a heart that scorns the light, and believes that the glory that you strive for is cheaply bought with life." + }, + { + "id": 19145, + "la": "Nisus ad haec: equidem de te nil tale verebar, nec fas; non ita me referat tibi magnus ovantem Iuppiter aut quicumque oculis haec aspicit aequis", + "en": "Nisus replied: Indeed, of you I had no such fear, no'it would be wrong; so may great Jupiter, or whoever looks on this deed with favouring eyes, bring me back to you in triumph!" + }, + { + "id": 19146, + "la": "sed si quis (quae multa vides discrimine tali) si quis in adversum rapiat casusve deusve, te superesse velim, tua vita dignior aetas", + "en": "But if'as you see often in like hazards'if some god or chance sweepme to disaster, I want you to survive; your youth is worthier of life." + }, + { + "id": 19147, + "la": "sit qui me raptum pugna pretiove redemptum mandet humo, aut solitas si qua Fortuna vetabit, absenti ferat inferias decoretque sepulcro", + "en": "Let there be someone to commit me to earth, rescued from battle or ransomed at a price, or, if some chance denies the usual rites, to render them to me in my absence, and honour me with a tomb." + }, + { + "id": 19148, + "la": "neu matri miserae tanti sim causa doloris, quae te sola, puer, multis e matribus ausa persequitur, magni nec moenia curat Acestae.", + "en": "And let me not, boy, be the cause of such grief to your poor mother, who, alone of many mothers, dared to follow you to the end, and does not care for great Acestes city." + }, + { + "id": 19149, + "la": "ille autem: causas nequiquam nectis inanis nec mea iam mutata loco sententia cedit", + "en": "But he replied: Vainly you weave idle pleas, nor does my purpose now change or give way." + }, + { + "id": 19150, + "la": "acceleremus ait, vigiles simul excitat", + "en": "Let us hurry! he said, and at once rouses the guards." + }, + { + "id": 19151, + "la": "illi succedunt servantque vices; statione relicta ipse comes Niso graditur regemque requirunt", + "en": "They come up, and take their turn; quitting his post, he walks by Nisus side as they seek the prince." + }, + { + "id": 19152, + "la": "Cetera per terras omnis animalia somno laxabant curas et corda oblita laborum: ductores Teucrum primi, delecta iuventus, consilium summis regni de rebus habebant, quid facerent quisve Aeneae iam nuntius esset", + "en": "All other creatures throughout all lands were soothing their cares in sleep, and their hearts were forgetful of sorrows, but the chief Teucrian captains, flower of their young men, held council on the peoples affairs, what they should do, and who now should be messenger to Aeneas." + }, + { + "id": 19153, + "la": "stant longis adnixi hastis et scuta tenentes castrorum et campi medio", + "en": "They stand, leaning on their long spears and grasping their shields, between camp and plain." + }, + { + "id": 19154, + "la": "tum Nisus et una Euryalus confestim alacres admittier orant: rem magnam pretiumque morae fore", + "en": "Then Nisus and Euryalus together eagerly crave immediate audience; the matter, they say, is weighty and will repay the delay." + }, + { + "id": 19155, + "la": "primus Iulus accepit trepidos ac Nisum dicere iussit", + "en": "Iulus was first to welcome the impatient pair, and bade Nisus speak." + }, + { + "id": 19156, + "la": "tum sic Hyrtacides: audite o mentibus aequis Aeneadae, neve haec nostris spectentur ab annis quae ferimus", + "en": "Then thus the son of Hyrtacus spoke: Men of Aeneas, listen with kindly minds, and do not let our proposal be judged by our years." + }, + { + "id": 19157, + "la": "Rutuli somno vinoque sepulti conticuere", + "en": "Buried in sleep and wine, the Rutulians lie silent;" + }, + { + "id": 19158, + "la": "locum insidiis conspeximus ipsi, qui patet in bivio portae quae proxima ponto", + "en": "our own eyes have seen a place for an ambush that lies open in the forked way by the gate nearest the sea." + }, + { + "id": 19159, + "la": "interrupti ignes aterque ad sidera fumus erigitur", + "en": "The line of fires is broken and black smoke rises to the sky." + }, + { + "id": 19160, + "la": "si fortuna permittitis uti, mox hic cum spoliis ingenti caede peracta adfore cernetis", + "en": "If you permit us to use the chance, soon you will see us here again, laden with spoils after wreaking mighty slaughter." + }, + { + "id": 19161, + "la": "nec nos via fallet euntis quaesitum Aenean et moenia Pallantea", + "en": "The road will not deceive us as we go to seek Aeneas and the walls of Pallanteum." + }, + { + "id": 19162, + "la": "", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 19163, + "la": "vidimus obscuris primam sub vallibus urbem venatu adsiduo et totum cognovimus amnem.", + "en": "Down the dim valleys in our frequent hunting we have seen the outskirts of the town and have come to know the whole river." + }, + { + "id": 19164, + "la": "Hic annis gravis atque animi maturus Aletes: di patrii, quorum semper sub numine Troia est, non tamen omnino Teucros delere paratis, cum talis animos iuvenum et tam certa tulistis pectora.", + "en": "Then said Aletes, stricken in years and sage in council: Gods of our fathers, whose presence ever watches over Troy, despite all you do not intend utterly to blot out the Trojan race, since you have brought us such spirit in our youths and such unwavering souls." + }, + { + "id": 19165, + "la": "sic memorans umeros dextrasque tenebat amborum et vultum lacrimis atque ora rigabat", + "en": "So saying, he held them both by shoulder and hand, while tears rained down his cheeks and face." + }, + { + "id": 19166, + "la": "quae vobis, quae digna, viri, pro laudibus istis praemia posse rear solvi? pulcherrima primum di moresque dabunt vestri: tum cetera reddet actutum pius Aeneas atque integer aevi Ascanius meriti tanti non immemor umquam.", + "en": "What reward, men, shall I deem worthy to be paid you for deeds so glorious? The first and fairest the gods and your own hearts shall give; then the rest the good Aeneas will straightway repay, and the youthful Ascanius, never forgetful of service so noble." + }, + { + "id": 19167, + "la": "immo ego vos, cui sola salus genitore reducto, excipit Ascanius per magnos, Nise, penatis Assaracique larem et canae penetralia Vestae obtestor, quaecumque mihi fortuna fidesque est, in vestris pono gremiis", + "en": "No, breaks in Ascanius, rather I, whose sole safety lies in my fathers return, adjure you both, Nisus, by the great gods of the house, by the Lar of Assaracus, and by hoary Vestas shrine'all my fortune, all my hope, I lay upon your knees;" + }, + { + "id": 19168, + "la": "revocate parentem, reddite conspectum; nihil illo triste recepto", + "en": "recall my father, give back the sight of him; if he is recovered all grief vanishes." + }, + { + "id": 19169, + "la": "bina dabo argento perfecta atque aspera signis pocula, devicta genitor quae cepit Arisba, et tripodas geminos, auri duo magna talenta, cratera antiquum quem dat Sidonia Dido", + "en": "A pair of goblets I will give, wrought in silver and rough with chasing, that he took when Arisba was vanquished; and two tripods, two great talents of gold, and an ancient bowl that Dido of Sidon gave." + }, + { + "id": 19170, + "la": "si vero capere Italiam sceptrisque potiri contigerit victori et praedae dicere sortem, vidisti, quo Turnus equo, quibus ibat in armis aureus; ipsum illum, clipeum cristasque rubentis excipiam sorti, iam nunc tua praemia, Nise", + "en": "But if it is our lot to take Italy, to wield a victors sceptre and to assign the spoil, you have seen the horse that Turnus rode and the armour he wore, all gold'that same horse, the shield and the crimson plumes I will set apart from the lot, your reward, Nisus, even now." + }, + { + "id": 19171, + "la": "praeterea bis sex genitor lectissima matrum corpora captivosque dabit suaque omnibus arma, insuper his campi quod rex habet ipse Latinus", + "en": "Moreover my father will give twelve matrons of choicest beauty, and men captives, each with his armour, and, beyond these, whatever land King Latinus himself holds." + }, + { + "id": 19172, + "la": "te vero, mea quem spatiis propioribus aetas insequitur, venerande puer, iam pectore toto accipio et comitem casus complector in omnis", + "en": "But you, revered youth, whom my age follows more closely, at once I take all to my heart, and embrace as my comrade in every chance." + }, + { + "id": 19173, + "la": "nulla meis sine te quaeretur gloria rebus: seu pacem seu bella geram, tibi maxima rerum verborumque fides.", + "en": "No glory shall be sought for my own lot without you; whether in peace or war, you will have my greatest trust in deed and word." + }, + { + "id": 19174, + "la": "contra quem talia fatur Euryalus: me nulla dies tam fortibus ausis dissimilem arguerit; tantum fortuna secunda haud adversa cadat", + "en": "To him spoke thus Euryalus in reply: Never shall time prove me unfit for such bold deeds; only let Fortune prove kind, not cruel." + }, + { + "id": 19175, + "la": "sed te super omnia dona unum oro: genetrix Priami de gente vetusta est mihi, quam miseram tenuit non Ilia tellus mecum excedentem, non moenia regis Acestae", + "en": "But from you, above all your gifts, this one thing I ask. A mother I have, of Priams ancient line, whom neither the Ilian land nor King Acestes city could keep, unhappy woman, from leaving with me." + }, + { + "id": 19176, + "la": "hanc ego nunc ignaram huius quodcumque pericli est inque salutatam linquo (nox et tua testis dextera), quod nequeam lacrimas perferre parentis", + "en": "I now leave her without knowledge of this peril, whatever it be, and without word of farewell, because'night and your right hand be witness'I could not bear a mothers tears." + }, + { + "id": 19177, + "la": "at tu, oro, solare inopem et succurre relictae", + "en": "But, I pray, comfort her in her helplessness and relieve her desolation." + }, + { + "id": 19178, + "la": "hanc sine me spem ferre tui, audentior ibo in casus omnis.", + "en": "Let me take with me this hope of you; I will meet all hazards more boldly." + }, + { + "id": 19179, + "la": "percussa mente dedere Dardanidae lacrimas, ante omnis pulcher Iulus, atque animum patriae strinxit pietatis imago", + "en": "Touched to the heart, the Dardanians shed tears'fair Ilus more than all, and the picture of filial love touched his heart." + }, + { + "id": 19180, + "la": "tum sic effatur sponde digna tuis ingentibus omnia coeptis", + "en": "Then he spoke thus . . .: Assure yourself that all I do shall be worthy of your mighty enterprise;" + }, + { + "id": 19181, + "la": "namque erit ista mihi genetrix nomenque Creusae solum defuerit, nec partum gratia talem parva manet", + "en": "for she shall be a mother to me, lacking but the name Cresa; no small honour awaits the bearing of such a son." + }, + { + "id": 19182, + "la": "casus factum quicumque sequentur, per caput hoc iuro, per quod pater ante solebat: quae tibi polliceor reduci rebusque secundis, haec eadem matrique tuae generique manebunt.", + "en": "Whatever chance attends your deed, I swear by this head, by which my father was wont to swear, what I promise to you on your prosperous return shall abide the same for your mother and your house." + }, + { + "id": 19183, + "la": "sic ait inlacrimans; umero simul exuit ensem auratum, mira quem fecerat arte Lycaon Cnosius atque habilem vagina aptarat eburna", + "en": "So he speaks weeping; and at the same time strips from his shoulder the gilded sword, fashioned with wondrous art by Lycaon of Cnosus and fitted for use with ivory sheath." + }, + { + "id": 19184, + "la": "dat Niso Mnestheus pellem horrentisque leonis exuvias, galeam fidus permutat Aletes", + "en": "To Nisus Mnestheus gives a skin, spoil of a shaggy lion: faithful Aletes exchanges his helmet." + }, + { + "id": 19185, + "la": "protinus armati incedunt; quos omnis euntis primorum manus ad portas, iuvenumque senumque, prosequitur votis", + "en": "At once they advance in arms and as they go all the company of princes, young and old, escorts them to the gate with vows." + }, + { + "id": 19186, + "la": "nec non et pulcher Iulus, ante annos animumque gerens curamque virilem, multa patri mandata dabat portanda; sed aurae omnia discerpunt et nubibus inrita donant", + "en": "Likewise fair Iulus, with a mans mind and a spirit beyond his years, gave many a charge to carry to his father. But the breezes scatter all and give them fruitless to the clouds." + }, + { + "id": 19187, + "la": "Egressi superant fossas noctisque per umbram castra inimica petunt, multis tamen ante futuri exitio", + "en": "They leave and cross the trenches, and through the shadow of night seek that fatal camp'yet destined first to be the doom of many." + }, + { + "id": 19188, + "la": "passim somno vinoque per herbam corpora fusa vident, arrectos litore currus, inter lora rotasque viros, simul arma iacere, vina simul", + "en": "Everywhere they see bodies stretched along the grass in drunken sleep, chariots atilt on the shore, men lying among wheels and harness, their arms and flagons all about." + }, + { + "id": 19189, + "la": "prior Hyrtacides sic ore locutus: Euryale, audendum dextra: nunc ipsa vocat res", + "en": "First the son of Hyrtacus thus began: Euryalus, now for a daring hand; now the occasion itself calls us;" + }, + { + "id": 19190, + "la": "hac iter est", + "en": "here lies our way." + }, + { + "id": 19191, + "la": "tu, ne qua manus se attollere nobis a tergo possit, custodi et consule longe; haec ego vasta dabo et lato te limite ducam.", + "en": "Watch that no arm be raised against us from behind, and keepwide outlook. Here I will deal destruction, and by a broad path show you the way." + }, + { + "id": 19192, + "la": "sic memorat vocemque premit, simul ense superbum Rhamnetem adgreditur, qui forte tapetibus altis exstructus toto proflabat pectore somnum, rex idem et regi Turno gratissimus augur, sed non augurio potuit depellere pestem", + "en": "So he speaks, then checks his voice, and at once drives his sword at haughty Rhamnes, who, it happened, pillowed on high coverlets, was breathing forth sleep from all his breast'a king himself, and King Turnus best-beloved augur; but not by augury could he avert his doom." + }, + { + "id": 19193, + "la": "tris iuxta famulos temere inter tela iacentis armigerumque Remi premit aurigamque sub ipsis nactus equis", + "en": "Three attendants he slew at his side, as they lay carelessly among their arms, and Remus armour bearer, and the charioteer, catching him at the horses feet." + }, + { + "id": 19194, + "la": "ferroque secat pendentia colla tum caput ipsi aufert domino truncumque relinquit sanguine singultantem; atro tepefacta cruore terra torique madent", + "en": "Their drooping necks he severs with the sword; then lops off the head of their lord himself, and leaves the trunk spurting blood; ground and couch reek with the warm black gore." + }, + { + "id": 19195, + "la": "nec non Lamyrumque Lamumque et iuvenem Serranum, illa qui plurima nocte luserat, insignis facie, multoque iacebat membra deo victus'felix, si protinus illum aequasset nocti ludum in lucemque tulisset: impastus ceu plena leo per ovilia turbans (suadet enim vesana fames) manditque trahitque molle pecus mutumque metu, fremit ore cruento", + "en": "Lamyrus, too, he slays, and Lamus, and youthful Serranus, of wondrous beauty, who had played long that night, and lay with limbs vanquished by the gods abundance; 12 happy he, had he played on, making that game one with the night, and pursuing it to the dawn! Just so, an unfed lion, rioting through full sheepfolds'for the madness of hunger constrains him'mangles and rends the feeble flock that is dumb with fear, and growls with blood-stained mouth." + }, + { + "id": 19196, + "la": "nec minor Euryali caedes; incensus et ipse perfurit ac multam in medio sine nomine plebem, Fadumque Herbesumque subit Rhoetumque Abarimque ignaros; Rhoetum vigilantem et cuncta videntem, sed magnum metuens se post cratera tegebat", + "en": "Nor less is the slaughter of Euryalus; he too, all aflame, rages, and falls on the vast unnamed multitude before him, Fadus and Herbesus, Rhoetus and Abaris, all unaware; but Rhoetus was awake and saw it all, yet in his fear crouched behind a mighty bowl." + }, + { + "id": 19197, + "la": "pectore in adverso totum cui comminus ensem condidit adsurgenti et multa morte recepit", + "en": "Right in his breast, as he rose, the foe in close encounter plunged his sword its full length, and drew it back steeped in death." + }, + { + "id": 19198, + "la": "purpuream vomit ille animam et cum sanguine mixta vina refert moriens, hic furto fervidus instat", + "en": "Rhoetus belches forth his red life, and dying casts up wine mixed with blood; the other hotly pursues his stealthy work." + }, + { + "id": 19199, + "la": "iamque ad Messapi socios tendebat; ibi ignem deficere extremum et religatos rite videbat carpere gramen equos, breviter cum talia Nisus mprv (sensit enim nimia caede atque cupidine ferri) absistamus ait, nam lux inimica propinquat", + "en": "And now he drew near Messapus followers. There he saw the last fires flickering, and horses, duly tethered, cropping the grass; when Nisus briefly speaks thus'for he saw his comrade swept away by reckless lust of carnage: Let us away; for the unfriendly dawn is near." + }, + { + "id": 19200, + "la": "poenarum exhaustum satis est, via facta per hostis.", + "en": "Vengeance is sated to the full; a path is cut through the foe." + }, + { + "id": 19201, + "la": "multa virum solido argento perfecta relinquunt armaque craterasque simul pulchrosque tapetas", + "en": "Many a soldiers arms, wrought in solid silver, they leave behind'and bowls as well, and beautiful carpets." + }, + { + "id": 19202, + "la": "Euryalus phaleras Rhamnetis et aurea bullis cingula, Tiburti Remulo ditissimus olim quae mittit dona, hospitio cum iungeret absens, Caedicus; ille suo moriens dat habere nepoti; post mortem bello Rutuli pugnaque potiti: haec rapit atque umeris nequiquam fortibus aptat", + "en": "Euryalus takes the trappings of Rhamnes and his gold-studded sword belt, gifts that long ago wealthy Caedicus sent to Remulus of Tibur, when plighting friend-shipfar away; he when dying gave them to his grandson for his own; after his death the Rutulians captured them in war and battle. These he tears away, and fits upon his valiant breast'all in vain." + }, + { + "id": 19203, + "la": "tum galeam Messapi habilem cristisque decoram induit", + "en": "Then he dons Messapus shapely helmet with its graceful plumes." + }, + { + "id": 19204, + "la": "excedunt castris et tuta capessunt", + "en": "They leave the camp and make for safety." + }, + { + "id": 19205, + "la": "Interea praemissi equites ex urbe Latina, cetera dum legio campis instructa moratur, ibant et Turno regi responsa ferebant, ter centum, scutati omnes, Volcente magistro", + "en": "Meanwhile horsemen, sent forward from the Latin city, while the rest of the force halts drawn up on the plain, came bringing a reply to King Turnus'three hundred, all bearing shields, with Volcens as leader." + }, + { + "id": 19206, + "la": "iamque propinquabant castris murosque subibant cum procul hos laevo flectentis limite cernunt, et galea Euryalum sublustri noctis in umbra prodidit immemorem radiisque adversa refulsit", + "en": "And now they were nearing the camp and coming under the walls, when at a distance they see the two turning away by a pathway to the left; and in the glimmering shadows of night his helmet betrayed the thoughtless Euryalus, as it flashed back the light." + }, + { + "id": 19207, + "la": "haud temere est visum", + "en": "Not in vain was it seen." + }, + { + "id": 19208, + "la": "conclamat ab agmine Volcens: state, viri", + "en": "From his column shouts Volcens: Halt, men!" + }, + { + "id": 19209, + "la": "quae causa viae? quive estis in armis? quove tenetis iter? nihil illi tendere contra, sed celerare fugam in silvas et fidere nocti", + "en": "What is the reason for your journey? Who are you in arms? And where are you going? They offer no response, but speed their flight to the wood and trust to night." + }, + { + "id": 19210, + "la": "obiciunt equites sese ad divortia nota hinc atque hinc, omnemque abitum custode coronant", + "en": "On this side and that the horsemen bar the well-known crossways, and with sentinels surround every outlet." + }, + { + "id": 19211, + "la": "silva fuit late dumis atque ilice nigra horrida, quam densi complerant undique sentes; rara per occultos lucebat semita callis", + "en": "The forest spread wide with thickets and dark ilex; dense briers filled it on every side; here and there the path glimmered through the hidden glades." + }, + { + "id": 19212, + "la": "Euryalum tenebrae ramorum onerosaque praeda impediunt, fallitque timor regione viarum", + "en": "Euryalus is hampered by the shadowy branches and the burden of his spoil, and fear misleads him in the line of the paths." + }, + { + "id": 19213, + "la": "Nisus abit; iamque imprudens evaserat hostis atque locos qui post Albae de nomine dicti Albani (tum rex stabula alta Latinus habebat), ut stetit et frustra absentem respexit amicum: Euryale infelix, qua te regione reliqui? quave sequar? rursus perplexum iter omne revolvens fallacis silvae simul et vestigia retro observata legit dumisque silentibus errat", + "en": "Nisus gets clear; and now, in his heedless course, he had escaped the foe to the place later called Alban from Albas name (at that time King Latinus had there his stately stalls) when he halted and looked back in vain for his lost friend. Un-happy Euryalus, where have I left you? Where shall I follow, again unthreading the whole tangled path of the treacherous wood? At the same time he scans and retraces his footsteps, and wanders in the silent thickets." + }, + { + "id": 19214, + "la": "audit equos, audit strepitus et signa sequentum; nec longum in medio tempus, cum clamor ad auris pervenit ac videt Euryalum, quem iam manus omnis fraude loci et noctis, subito turbante tumultu, oppressum rapit et conantem plurima frustra", + "en": "He hears the horses, hears the shouts and signals of pursuit. And the interval was not long, when a cry reaches his ears, and he sees Euryalus, whom, now betrayed by the ground and night and bewildered by the sudden turmoil, the whole band is dragging away overpowered and struggling violently in vain." + }, + { + "id": 19215, + "la": "quid faciat? qua vi iuvenem, quibus audeat armis eripere? an sese medios moriturus in enses inferat et pulchram properet per vulnera mortem? ocius adducto torquet hastile lacerto suspiciens altam Lunam et sic voce precatur: tu, dea, tu praesens nostro succurre labori, astrorum decus et nemorum Latonia custos", + "en": "What can he do? With what force, what arms dare he rescue the youth? Shall he cast himself on his doom among the swords and win with wounds a swift and glorious death? Quickly he draws back his arm with poised spear and, looking up to the moon on high, thus prays: Goddess, be present and aid our endeavour, Latonas daughter, glory of the stars and guardian of the groves;" + }, + { + "id": 19216, + "la": "si qua tuis umquam pro me pater Hyrtacus aris dona tulit, si qua ipse meis venatibus auxi suspendive tholo aut sacra ad fastigia fixi, hunc sine me turbare globum et rege tela per auras.", + "en": "if ever my father Hyrtacus brought any gifts for me to your altars, if ever I have honoured you with any from my own hunting, have hung offerings in your dome, or fastened them on your holy roof, grant me to confound that troop, and guide my weapons through the air." + }, + { + "id": 19217, + "la": "dixerat et toto conixus corpore ferrum conicit", + "en": "He ended, and with all his straining body flung the steel." + }, + { + "id": 19218, + "la": "hasta volans noctis diverberat umbras et venit aversi in tergum Sulmonis ibique frangitur, ac fisso transit praecordia ligno", + "en": "The flying spear whistles through the shadows of night, strikes the turned back of Sulmo, then snaps, and with the broken wood pierces the midriff." + }, + { + "id": 19219, + "la": "volvitur ille vomens calidum de pectore flumen frigidus et longis singultibus ilia pulsat", + "en": "Spouting a warm torrent from his breast he rolls over chill in death, and long gasps heave his sides." + }, + { + "id": 19220, + "la": "diversi circumspiciunt", + "en": "Turning this way and that they gaze round." + }, + { + "id": 19221, + "la": "hoc acrior idem ecce aliud summa telum librabat ab aure", + "en": "All the fiercer now he balances another weapon close to his ear." + }, + { + "id": 19222, + "la": "dum trepidant, t hasta Tago per tempus utrumque stridens traiectoque haesit tepefacta cerebro", + "en": "While they hesitate, the spear goes whizzing through both of Tagus temples, and lodged warm in the cloven brain." + }, + { + "id": 19223, + "la": "saevit atrox Volcens nec teli conspicit usquam auctorem nec quo se ardens immittere possit", + "en": "Volcens storms with rage, but nowhere espies the sender of the dart, nor where to vent his rage." + }, + { + "id": 19224, + "la": "tu tamen interea calido mihi sanguine poenas persolves amborum inquit; simul ense recluso ibat in Euryalum", + "en": "Yet you, meanwhile, with your hot blood, will pay me vengeance for both, he cried and, as he spoke, rushed with drawn sword on Euryalus." + }, + { + "id": 19225, + "la": "tum vero exterritus, amens, conclamat Nisus nec se celare tenebris amplius aut tantum potuit perferre dolorem: me, me, adsum qui feci, in me convertite ferrum, o Rutuli! mea fraus omnis, nihil iste nec ausus nec potuit; caelum hoc et conscia sidera testor; tantum infelicem nimium dilexit amicum.", + "en": "Then indeed, frantic with terror, Nisus shouts aloud; no longer could he hide himself in darkness or endure such agony: On me'on me'here am I who did the deed'on me turn your steel, Rutulians! Mine is all the guilt; he neither dared nor could have done it; heaven be witness of this and the all-seeing stars! He but loved his hapless friend too well." + }, + { + "id": 19226, + "la": "talia dicta dabat, sed viribus ensis adactus transabiit costas et candida pectora rumpit", + "en": "Thus was he pleading; but the sword, driven with force, passes through the ribs and rends the snowy breast." + }, + { + "id": 19227, + "la": "volvitur Euryalus leto, pulchrosque per artus it cruor inque umeros cervix conlapsa recumbit: purpureus veluti cum flos succisus aratro languescit moriens, lassove papavera collo demisere caput pluvia cum forte gravantur", + "en": "Euryalus rolls over in death; over his lovely limbs runs the blood, and his drooping neck sinks on his shoulder, as when a purple flower, severed by the plough, droops in death; or as poppies, with weary neck, bow the head, when weighted by a chance shower." + }, + { + "id": 19228, + "la": "at Nisus ruit in medios solumque per omnis Volcentem petit, in solo Volcente moratur", + "en": "But Nisus rushes among them, and among them all seeks only Volcens, to Volcens alone gives heed." + }, + { + "id": 19229, + "la": "quem circum glomerati hostes hinc comminus atque hinc proturbant", + "en": "Round him the foe cluster, and on every side try to hurl him back." + }, + { + "id": 19230, + "la": "instat non setius ac rotat ensem fulmineum, donec Rutuli clamantis in ore condidit adverso et moriens animam abstulit hosti", + "en": "Onward none the less he presses, whirling his lightning blade, till he plunged it full in the face of the shrieking Rutulian and, dying, bereft his foe of life." + }, + { + "id": 19231, + "la": "tum super exanimum sese proiecit amicum confossus, placidaque ibi demum morte quievit", + "en": "Then, pierced through and through, he flung himself on his lifeless friend, and there at length, in the peace of death, found rest." + }, + { + "id": 19232, + "la": "Fortunati ambo! si quid mea carmina possunt, nulla dies umquam memori vos eximet aevo, dum domus Aeneae Capitoli immobile saxum accolet imperiumque pater Romanus habebit", + "en": "Happy pair! If my poetry has any power, no day shall ever blot you from the memory of time, so long as the house of Aeneas dwells on the Capitols unshaken rock, and the Father of Rome holds sovereign sway!" + }, + { + "id": 19233, + "la": "Victores praeda Rutuli spoliisque potiti Volcentem exanimum flentes in castra ferebant", + "en": "The victorious Rutulians, masters of plunder and spoils, wept as they bore lifeless Volcens to the camp." + }, + { + "id": 19234, + "la": "nec minor in castris luctus Rhamnete reperto exsangui et primis una tot caede peremptis, Serranoque Numaque", + "en": "Nor in that campwas the wailing less when Rhamnes was found drained of life, and so many chieftains slain in a single massacre, here Serranus, and here Numa." + }, + { + "id": 19235, + "la": "ingens concursus ad ipsa corpora seminecisque viros, tepidaque recentem caede locum et pleno spumantis sanguine rivos", + "en": "A mighty throng rushes to the dead and dying men, to the ground fresh with warm slaughter and streams foaming with copious blood." + }, + { + "id": 19236, + "la": "agnoscunt spolia inter se galeamque nitentem Messapi et multo phaleras sudore receptas", + "en": "As they talk together, they recognize the spoils, Messapus shining helmet, and the trappings won back with much sweat." + }, + { + "id": 19237, + "la": "Et iam prima novo spargebat lumine terras Tithoni croceum linquens Aurora cubile", + "en": "And now early Dawn, leaving the saffron bed of Tithonus, was sprinkling her fresh rays upon the earth;" + }, + { + "id": 19238, + "la": "iam sole infuso, iam rebus luce retectis Turnus in arma viros armis circumdatus ipse suscitat: aeratasque acies in proelia cogunt, quisque suos, variisque acuunt rumoribus iras", + "en": "now that the sun streamed in, now that day unveiled the world, Turnus, himself in armour clad, summons his men to arms; the leaders marshal the mailed lines to battle, each his own men, and whet their anger with divers tales." + }, + { + "id": 19239, + "la": "quin ipsa arrectis (visu miserabile) in hastis praefigunt capita et multo clamore sequuntur Euryali et Nisi Aeneadae duri murorum in parte sinistra opposuere aciem (nam dextera cingitur amni), ingentisque tenent fossas et turribus altis stant maesti; simul ora virum praefixa movebant nota nimis miseris atroque fluentia tabo", + "en": "On uplifted spears (piteous sight!) they affix and follow with loud clamour the heads, the very heads, of Euryalus and Nisus. Ontheramparts left side'for the right is girded by the river'the hardy sons of Aeneas have set their opposing line, hold the broad trenches, and on the high towers stand sorrowing, moved by those uplifted heads that they know too well, now dripping with dark gore." + }, + { + "id": 19240, + "la": "Interea pavidam volitans pennata per urbem nuntia Fama ruit matrisque adlabitur auris Euryali", + "en": "Meanwhile, winged Fame, flitting through the fearful town, speeds with the news and steals to the ears of Euryalus mother." + }, + { + "id": 19241, + "la": "at subitus miserae calor ossa reliquit, excussi manibus radii revolutaque pensa", + "en": "Then at once warmth left her hapless frame: the shuttle is dashed from her hands, and the thread unwound." + }, + { + "id": 19242, + "la": "evolat infelix et femineo ululatu scissa comam muros amens atque agmina cursu prima petit, non illa virum, non illa pericli telorumque memor, caelum dehinc questibus implet: hunc ego te, Euryale, aspicio? tune ille senectae sera meae requies, potuisti linquere solam, crudelis?", + "en": "Forth flies the unhappy lady and, with a womans shrieks and torn tresses, in her madness makes for the walls and the foremost ranks'she is heedless of men, heedless of peril and of darts; then she fills the sky with her plaints: Is this you, Euryalus, that I see? You who were the last solace of my age, could you bring yourself to leave me alone, cruel one?" + }, + { + "id": 19243, + "la": "nec te sub tanta pericula missum adfari extremum miserae data copia matri? heu, terra ignota canibus date praeda Latinis alitibusque iaces! nec te tua funere mater produxi pressive oculos aut vulnera lavi, veste tegens tibi quam noctes festina diesque urgebam, et tela curas solabar anilis", + "en": "And when you were sent on so perilous an errand, did you not give your poor mother a chance to bid you a last farewell? Alas! You lie in a strange land, given as prey to the dogs and fowls of Latium! Nor did I, your mother, escort you to the grave, or close your eyes, or bathe your wounds, shrouding you with the robe which, in haste, night and day, I toiled at for your sake, beguiling with the loom the sorrows of age." + }, + { + "id": 19244, + "la": "quo sequar? aut quae nunc artus avulsaque membra et funus lacerum tellus habet? hoc mihi de te, nate, refers? hoc sum terraque marique secuta? figite me, si qua est pietas, in me omnia tela conicite, o Rutuli, me primam absumite ferro; aut tu, magne pater divum, miserere, tuoque invisum hoc detrude caput sub Tartara telo, quando aliter nequeo crudelem abrumpere vitam.", + "en": "Where am I to follow? What land now holds your mangled limbs and dismembered body? Is this all, my son, you bring back to me of yourself? Is it this I have followed by land and sea? Pierce me, if you have any feeling, on me hurl all your weapons, Rutulians; destroy me first with your steel; or you, great Father of the gods, be pitiful, and with your bolt hurl down to hell this hateful life, since in no other way can I break lifes cruel bonds!" + }, + { + "id": 19245, + "la": "hoc fletu concussi animi, maestusque per omnis it gemitus, torpent infractae ad proelia vires", + "en": "At that wailing their spirits were shaken, and a groan of sorrow passed through all; their strength for battle is numbed and crushed;" + }, + { + "id": 19246, + "la": "illam incendentem luctus Idaeus et Actor Ilionei monitu et multum lacrimantis Iuli corripiunt interque manus sub tecta reponunt", + "en": "and as thus she kindles grief, Idaeus and Actor, bidden by Ilioneus and the sorely weeping Ilus, catch her up and carry her indoors in their arms." + }, + { + "id": 19247, + "la": "At tuba terribilem sonitum procul aere canoro increpuit, sequitur clamor caelumque remugit", + "en": "But the trumpet with brazen song rang out afar its fearful call; a shout follows and the sky re-echoes." + }, + { + "id": 19248, + "la": "accelerant acta pariter testudine Volsci et fossas implere parant ac vellere vallum;", + "en": "Forth the Volscians speed in even line, driving on their roof of shields, and prepare to fill the moat and pull down the palisade." + }, + { + "id": 19249, + "la": "quaerunt pars aditum et scalis ascendere muros, qua rara est acies interlucetque corona non tam spissa viris", + "en": "Some seek an entrance, and try to scale the walls with ladders, where the line is thin and light gleams through a less dense ring of men." + }, + { + "id": 19250, + "la": "telorum effundere contra omne genus Teucri ac duris detrudere contis, adsueti longo muros defendere bello", + "en": "In return, the Teucrians hurl missiles of every sort, and thrust the foe down with strong poles, trained by long warfare to defend their walls." + }, + { + "id": 19251, + "la": "saxa quoque infesto volvebant pondere, si qua possent tectam aciem perrumpere, cum tamen omnis ferre iuvat subter densa testudine casus", + "en": "Stones too they rolled of deadly weight, in the hope of breaking through the sheltered ranks: but beneath their compact shield, the enemy delight to brave all dangers." + }, + { + "id": 19252, + "la": "nec iam sufficiunt", + "en": "But now they fail;" + }, + { + "id": 19253, + "la": "nam qua globus imminet ingens, immanem Teucri molem volvuntque ruuntque, quae stravit Rutulos late armorumque resolvit tegmina", + "en": "for where a massed throng threatens, the Teucrians roll up and hurl down a mighty mass, that laid low the Rutulians far and wide and broke their coverlet of armour." + }, + { + "id": 19254, + "la": "nec curant caeco contendere Marte amplius audaces Rutuli, sed pellere vallo missilibus certant", + "en": "And the bold Rutulians care no longer to contend in blind warfare, but strive with darts to clear the ramparts." + }, + { + "id": 19255, + "la": "parte alia horrendus visu quassabat Etruscam pinum et fumiferos infert Mezentius ignis; at Messapus equum domitor, Neptunia proles, rescindit vallum et scalas in moenia poscit", + "en": "Elsewhere, grim to behold, Mezentius was brandishing his Etruscan pine and hurls smoking brands; while Messapus, the seed of Neptune, tamer of horses, tears down the rampart and calls for ladders to mount the battlements." + }, + { + "id": 19256, + "la": "Vos, o Calliope, precor, aspirate canenti quas ibi tum ferro strages, quae funera Turnus ediderit, quem quisque virum demiserit Orco, et mecum ingentis oras evolvite belli", + "en": "Calliope, I pray, inspire me, you Muses, while I sing, what slaughter, what deaths Turnus dealt on that day, and whom each warrior sent down to doom; and unroll with me the mighty scroll of war." + }, + { + "id": 19257, + "la": "et meministis enim, divae, et memorare potestis", + "en": "For you, divine ones, remember and can recount." + }, + { + "id": 19258, + "la": "Turris erat vasto suspectu et pontibus altis, opportuna loco, summis quam viribus omnes expugnare Itali summaque evertere opum vi certabant, Troes contra defendere saxis perque cavas densi tela intorquere fenestras", + "en": "A tower loomed high above, with lofty gangways, posted on vantage ground, which all the Italians strove with utmost strength to storm, and with utmost force of skill to overthrow; the Trojans in turn made defence with stones, and hurled showers of darts through the open loopholes." + }, + { + "id": 19259, + "la": "princeps ardentem coniecit lampada Turnus et flammam adfixit lateri, quae plurima vento corripuit tabulas et postibus haesit adesis", + "en": "First Turnus flung a blazing torch and made fast its fire in the side; fanned by the wind, it seized the planks and lodged in the gateways it consumed." + }, + { + "id": 19260, + "la": "turbati trepidare intus frustraque malorum velle fugam", + "en": "Within, troubled and terrified, men vainly seek escape from disaster." + }, + { + "id": 19261, + "la": "dum se glomerant retroque residunt in partem quae peste caret, tum pondere turris procubuit subito et caelum tonat omne fragore", + "en": "While they huddle close and retreat to the side free from ruin, under the sudden weight the tower fell, and all the sky thunders with the crash." + }, + { + "id": 19262, + "la": "semineces ad terram immani mole secuta confixique suis telis et pectora duro transfossi ligno veniunt", + "en": "Half dead they fall to the ground, the monstrous mass behind them, pierced by their own weapons, and their breasts impaled by cruel splinters." + }, + { + "id": 19263, + "la": "vix unus Helenor et Lycus elapsi; quorum primaevus Helenor, Maeonio regi quem serva Licymnia furtim sustulerat vetitisque ad Troiam miserat armis, ense levis nudo parmaque inglorius alba", + "en": "Only Helenor and Lycus barely escape'Helenor in the prime of youth, whom a Licymnian slave had borne secretly to the Maeonian king, and had sent to Troy in forbidden arms, lightly accoutred with naked sword and white shield, as yet unfamed." + }, + { + "id": 19264, + "la": "isque ubi se Turni media inter milia vidit, hinc acies atque hinc acies astare Latinas, ut fera, quae densa venantum saepta corona contra tela furit seseque haud nescia morti inicit et saltu supra venabula fertur' haud aliter iuvenis medios moriturus in hostis inruit et qua tela videt densissima tendit", + "en": "When he saw himself in the midst of Turnus thousands, with the Latin lines standing on this side and that, like a wild beast that, hedged about by the hunters serried ring, rages against their shafts, flings itself knowingly on death, and with a bound springs upon the spears'just so the youth rushes to death among the foe and makes his way where he sees the weapons thickest." + }, + { + "id": 19265, + "la": "at pedibus longe melior Lycus inter et hostis inter et arma fuga muros tenet, altaque certat prendere tecta manu sociumque attingere dextras", + "en": "But Lycus, far swifter of foot, among foes, among weapons, gains the walls and strives to clutch the coping, and reach the hands of his comrades." + }, + { + "id": 19266, + "la": "quem Turnus pariter cursu teloque secutus increpat his victor: nostrasne evadere, demens, sperasti te posse manus? simul arripit ipsum pendentem et magna muri cum parte revellit: qualis ubi aut leporem aut candenti corpore cycnum sustulit alta petens pedibus Iovis armiger uncis,", + "en": "Turnus, following him with both foot and spear, taunts thus in triumph: Fool, did you hope to escape our hands? At the same time he seizes him as he hangs, and tears him down with a mighty mass of wall: just as when the bearer of Joves bolt, as he soars aloft, has swept up in his crooked talons a hare or snowy-bodied swan;" + }, + { + "id": 19267, + "la": "quaesitum aut matri multis balatibus agnum Martius a stabulis rapuit lupus", + "en": "or as when the wolf of Mars has snatched from the fold a lamb that its mother seeks with much bleating." + }, + { + "id": 19268, + "la": "undique clamor tollitur: invadunt et fossas aggere complent, ardentis taedas alii ad fastigia iactant", + "en": "On all sides a shout goes up; on they press, and with heaps of earth fill up the trenches; some toss blazing brands on to the roofs." + }, + { + "id": 19269, + "la": "Ilioneus saxo atque ingenti fragmine montis Lucetium portae subeuntem ignisque ferentem, Emathiona Liger, Corynaeum sternit Asilas, hic iaculo bonus, hic longe fallente sagitta, Ortygium Caeneus, victorem Caenea Turnus, Turnus Ityn Cloniumque, Dioxippum Promolumque et Sagarim et summis stantem pro turribus Idan, Privernum Capys", + "en": "Ilioneus lays Lucetius low with a rock, huge fragment of a mountain, as, carrying fire, he nears the gate. Liger slays Emathion, Asilas Corynaeus; the one skilled with the javelin, the other with the arrow deceiving from afar. Caeneus fells Ortygius; Turnus victorious Caeneus; Turnus Itys and Clonius, Dioxippus and Promolus, and Sagaris, and Idas, as he stood on the topmost towers; Capys slays Privernus." + }, + { + "id": 19270, + "la": "hunc primo levis hasta Themillae strinxerat, ille manum proiecto tegmine demens ad vulnus tulit; ergo alis adlapsa sagitta et laevo infixa est alte lateri, abditaque intus spiramenta animae letali vulnere rupit", + "en": "Themillas spear had first grazed him lightly; in his madness he cast down his shield and carried his hand to the wound. So the arrow winged its way and lodged deepin his left side; burying itself inside, it tore the breathing ways of life with fatal wound." + }, + { + "id": 19271, + "la": "stabat in egregiis Arcentis filius armis pictus acu chlamydem et ferrugine clarus Hibera, insignis facie, genitor quem miserat Arcens eductum matris luco Symaethia circum flumina, pinguis ubi et placabilis ara Palici: stridentem fundam positis Mezentius hastis ipse ter adducta circum caput egit habena et media adversi liquefacto tempora plumbo diffidit ac multa porrectum extendit harena", + "en": "The son of Arcens stood in glorious arms, his mantle embroidered with the needle, and bright with Iberian blue'of noble form, whom his father Arcens had sent, a youth reared in his mothers grove by the streams of Symaethus, where Palicus altar stands, gift-laden and gracious. But dropping his spears Mezentius with tight-drawn thong thrice whirled about his head the whistling sling, with moulded lead shot split in two the temples of his opposing foe, and stretched him at full length in the deep sand." + }, + { + "id": 19272, + "la": "Tum primum bello celerem intendisse sagittam dicitur ante feras solitus terrere fugacis Ascanius, fortemque manu fudisse Numanum, cui Remulo cognomen erat, Turnique minorem germanam nuper thalamo sociatus habebat", + "en": "Then first, it is said, Ascanius aimed his swift shaft in war, till now used to scare wild beasts in flight, and with his hand laid low brave Numanus, Remulus by surname, who but lately had won as bride Turnus younger sister." + }, + { + "id": 19273, + "la": "is primam ante aciem digna atque indigna relatu vociferans tumidusque novo praecordia regno ibat et ingentem sese clamore ferebat: non pudet obsidione iterum valloque teneri, bis capti Phryges, et morti praetendere muros?", + "en": "He strode ahead of the foremost line, shouting words meet and unmeet to utter, his heart puffed up with new-won royalty, and loudly boasted his mighty prowess: Are you not shamed, twice captured Phrygians, again to be cooped inside beleaguered ramparts, and to ward off death with walls?" + }, + { + "id": 19274, + "la": "en qui nostra sibi bello conubia poscunt! quis deus Italiam, quae vos dementia adegit? non hic Atridae nec fandi fictor Ulixes: durum a stirpe genus natos ad flumina primum deferimus saevoque gelu duramus et undis; venatu invigilant pueri silvasque fatigant, flectere ludus equos et spicula tendere cornu; at patiens operum parvoque adsueta iuventus aut rastris terram domat aut quatit oppida bello", + "en": "See: these are the men who go to war to claim our brides for themselves! What god, what madness, has driven you to Italy? Here are no sons of Atreus, no fable-forging Ulysses! A race of hardy stock, we first bring our newborn sons to the river, and harden them with the waters cruel cold; as boys they keepvigil for the chase, and tire the forests; their sport is to rein the steed and shoot arrows from the bow; but patient of toil, and inured to want, our youth tames earth with the hoe or shakes cities in battle." + }, + { + "id": 19275, + "la": "omne aevum ferro teritur, versaque iuvencum terga fatigamus hasta, nec tarda senectus debilitat viris animi mutatque vigorem: canitiem galea premimus, semperque recentis comportare iuvat praedas et vivere rapto", + "en": "All our life is worn down with irons use; with spear reversed we goad our bullocks flanks, and sluggish age does not weaken our hearts strength or change our vigour. On to white hairs we press the helmet, and we ever delight to drive in fresh booty and live on plunder." + }, + { + "id": 19276, + "la": "vobis picta croco et fulgenti murice vestis, desidiae cordi, iuvat indulgere choreis, et tunicae manicas et habent redimicula mitrae", + "en": "But you wear embroidered saffron and gleaming purple; sloth is your joy, your delight is to enjoy the dance; your tunics have sleeves and your turbans ribbons." + }, + { + "id": 19277, + "la": "o vere Phrygiae, neque enim Phryges, ite per alta Dindyma, ubi adsuetis biforem dat tibia cantum", + "en": "Phrygian women, indeed!'for Phrygian men you are not'go over the heights of Dindymus, where to accustomed ears the pipe utters music from double mouths!" + }, + { + "id": 19278, + "la": "tympana vos buxusque vocat Berecyntia Matris Idaeae; sinite arma viris et cedite ferro.", + "en": "The timbrels call you, and the Berecynthian boxwood of the mother of Ida: leave arms to men, and quit the sword." + }, + { + "id": 19279, + "la": "Talia iactantem dictis ac dira canentem non tulit Ascanius, nervoque obversus equino contendit telum diversaque bracchia ducens constitit, ante Iovem supplex per vota precatus:", + "en": "As he makes these boasts in words of ominous strain, Ascanius did not endure it but faced him and levelled his shaft from the horsehair string, and holding his arms wide apart paused, first invoking Jove with suppliant vows:" + }, + { + "id": 19280, + "la": "Iuppiter omnipotens, audacibus adnue coeptis", + "en": "Jupiter almighty, give assent to my bold undertaking!" + }, + { + "id": 19281, + "la": "ipse tibi ad tua templa feram sollemnia dona, et statuam ante aras aurata fronte iuvencum candentem pariterque caput cum matre ferentem, iam cornu petat et pedibus qui spargat harenam.", + "en": "My own hand shall bring you yearly gifts in your temple, and set before your altar a bullock with gilded brow, snowy white, carrying his head as high as his mother, that already can butt with his horn and can spurn the sand with his hoof." + }, + { + "id": 19282, + "la": "audiit et caeli genitor de parte serena intonuit laevum, sonat una fatifer arcus", + "en": "The Father heard, and from a clear space of sky thundered on the left; at that moment the fatal bow twanged." + }, + { + "id": 19283, + "la": "effugit horrendum stridens adducta sagitta perque caput Remuli venit et cava tempora ferro traicit", + "en": "With awful whirr speeds forth the tight-drawn shaft, passes through the head of Remulus, and cleaves the hollow temples with its steel." + }, + { + "id": 19284, + "la": "i, verbis virtutem inlude superbis! bis capti Phryges haec Rutulis responsa remittunt: hoc tantum Ascanius", + "en": "Go, mock valour with haughty words! This is the answer that the twice captured Phrygians send back to the Rutulians. Ascanius said no more." + }, + { + "id": 19285, + "la": "Teucri clamore sequuntur laetitiaque fremunt animosque ad sidera tollunt", + "en": "The Teucrians second him with cheers, they shout for joy, and raise their spirits to the skies." + }, + { + "id": 19286, + "la": "Aetheria tum forte plaga crinitus Apollo desuper Ausonias acies urbemque videbat nube sedens, atque his victorem adfatur Iulum: macte nova virtute, puer, sic itur ad astra, dis genite et geniture deos", + "en": "Then it chanced that in the realm of sky long-haired Apollo, cloud-enthroned, was looking down on the Ausonian lines and town, and thus he addresses triumphant Ilus: A blessing, boy, on your young valour! So man scales the stars, you son of gods and sire of gods to be!" + }, + { + "id": 19287, + "la": "iure omnia bella gente sub Assaraci fato ventura resident, nec te Troia capit.", + "en": "All the wars that fate may bring will justly cease under the house of Assaracus; nor can Troy contain you." + }, + { + "id": 19288, + "la": "simul haec effatus ab alto aethere se mittit, spirantis dimovet auras Ascaniumque petit; formam tum vertitur oris antiquum in Buten hic Dardanio Anchisae armiger ante fuit fidusque ad limina custos; tum comitem Ascanio pater addidit", + "en": "So saying, he darts from high heaven, parts the breathing gales, and seeks Ascanius. Then he changes the fashion of his features to those of aged Butes, who in time gone by was armour bearer to Dardan Anchises, and trusty watcher at his gate; thereafter the childs father made him henchman to Ascanius." + }, + { + "id": 19289, + "la": "ibat Apollo omnia longaevo similis vocemque coloremque et crinis albos et saeva sonoribus arma, atque his ardentem dictis adfatur Iulum: sit satis, Aenide, telis impune Numanum oppetiisse tuis", + "en": "On strode Apollo, in all things like the old man, in voice and hue, in white locks and savage-sounding arms, and speaks these words to fiery Ilus: Let it be enough, son of Aeneas, that beneath your shafts Numanus has fallen unavenged;" + }, + { + "id": 19290, + "la": "primam hanc tibi magnus Apollo concedit laudem et paribus non invidet armis; cetera parce, puer, bello.", + "en": "this first taste of glory great Apollo vouchsafes you, and does not grudge the weapons that match his own; for the rest, child, refrain from war." + }, + { + "id": 19291, + "la": "sic orsus Apollo mortalis medio aspectus sermone reliquit et procul in tenuem ex oculis evanuit auram", + "en": "Thus Apollo began but, while yet speaking , left the sight of men and far away from their eyes vanished into thin air." + }, + { + "id": 19292, + "la": "agnovere deum proceres divinaque tela Dardanidae pharetramque fuga sensere sonantem", + "en": "The Dardan princes knew the god and his heavenly arms, and heard his quiver rattle as he flew." + }, + { + "id": 19293, + "la": "ergo avidum pugnae dictis ac numine Phoebi Ascanium prohibent, ipsi in certamina rursus succedunt animasque in aperta pericula mittunt", + "en": "Therefore, at the behest and will of Phoebus, they check Ascanius, eager though he is for the fray, they themselves go back into the fight and fling their lives into open dangers." + }, + { + "id": 19294, + "la": "it clamor totis per propugnacula muris, intendunt acris arcus amentaque torquent", + "en": "The shout runs from tower to tower, all along the walls; they bend their eager bows and whirl their thongs." + }, + { + "id": 19295, + "la": "sternitur omne solum telis, tum scuta cavaeque dant sonitum flictu galeae, pugna aspera surgit: quantus ab occasu veniens pluvialibus Haedis verberat imber humum, quam multa grandine nimbi in vada praecipitant, cum Iuppiter horridus Austris torquet aquosam hiemem et caelo cava nubila rumpit", + "en": "All the ground is strewn with spears; shields and hollow helms ring as they clash; the fight swells fierce: mighty as the storm that, coming from the west, beneath the rainy Kids lashes the ground; thick as the hail that storm clouds shower on the deep, when Jupiter, grim with southern gales, whirls the watery tempest, and bursts the hollow clouds in heaven." + }, + { + "id": 19296, + "la": "Pandarus et Bitias, Idaeo Alcanore creti, quos Iovis eduxit luco silvestris Iaera abietibus iuvenes patriis in montibus aequos, portam, quae ducis imperio commissa, recludunt freti armis, ultroque invitant moenibus hostem", + "en": "Pandarus and Bitias, sprung from Alcanor of Ida, whom the wood nymph Iaera bore in the grove of Jupiter'youths tall as pines on their native hills'fling open the gate entrusted to them by their captains charge and, relying on their arms, freely invite the foe to enter the walls." + }, + { + "id": 19297, + "la": "ipsi intus dextra ac laeva pro turribus astant armati ferro et cristis capita alta corusci: quales ariae liquentia flumina circum sive Padi ripis Athesim seu propter amoenum consurgunt geminae quercus intonsaque caelo attollunt capita et sublimi vertice nutant", + "en": "They themselves stand in the gateway, to right and left before the towers, sheathed in iron, with waving plumes upon their lofty heads: just as high in air beside flowing streams, whether on Padus banks or by pleasant Athesis, twin oaks soar aloft, raising to heaven their unshorn heads and nodding their lofty crowns." + }, + { + "id": 19298, + "la": "inrumpunt aditus Rutuli ut videre patentis: continuo Quercens et pulcher Aquiculus armis et praeceps animi Tmarus et Mavortius Haemon agminibus totis aut versi terga dedere aut ipso portae posuere in limine vitam", + "en": "The Rutulians rush in when they see the entrance clear. Straightway Quercens and Aquicolus, beautiful in arms, and Tmarus, reckless at heart, and Haemon, seed of Mars, with all their columns are routed and turn to flight, or in the very gateway lay down their life." + }, + { + "id": 19299, + "la": "tum magis increscunt animis discordibus irae, et iam collecti Troes glomerantur eodem et conferre manum et procurrere longius audent", + "en": "At this, wrath waxes fiercer in their battling souls, and now the Trojans rally and swarm to the spot, and venture to close hand to hand and to sally farther out." + }, + { + "id": 19300, + "la": "Ductori Turno diversa in parte furenti turbantique viros perfertur nuntius, hostem fervere caede nova et portas praebere patentis", + "en": "To Turnus the chief, as far away he storms and confounds his foe, comes news that the enemy, flushed with fresh slaughter, is flinging wide his gates." + }, + { + "id": 19301, + "la": "deserit inceptum atque immani concitus ira Dardaniam ruit ad portam fratresque superbos", + "en": "He quits the work in hand and, stirred with giant fury, rushes to the Dardan gate and the proud brothers." + }, + { + "id": 19302, + "la": "et primum Antiphaten (is enim se primus agebat), Thebana de matre nothum Sarpedonis alti, coniecto sternit iaculo: volat Itala cornus ara per tenerum stomachoque infixa sub altum pectus abit; reddit specus atri vulneris undam spumantem, et fixo ferrum in pulmone tepescit", + "en": "And first Antiphates (for he was first to advance), the bastard son of tall Sarpedon by a Theban mother, he slays with a javelin cast. Through the yielding air flies the Italian cornel shaft and, lodging in the gullet, runs deep into the breast; the wounds dark chasm gives back a foaming tide, and the steel grows warm in the pierced lung." + }, + { + "id": 19303, + "la": "tum Meropem atque Erymanta manu, tum sternit Aphidnum, tum Bitian ardentem oculis animisque frementem, non iaculo (neque enim iaculo vitam ille dedisset), sed magnum stridens contorta phalarica venit fulminis acta modo, quam nec duo taurea terga nec duplici squama lorica fidelis et auro sustinuit;", + "en": "Then Meropes and Erymas, then Aphidnus his hand lays low; then Bitias falls, fire in his eyes and rage in his heart, not under a javelin'for to a javelin he would not have given his life'but with a mighty hiss a whirled pike sped, driven like a thunderbolt. Not two bulls hides nor the trusty corslet with double scales of gold could withstand it." + }, + { + "id": 19304, + "la": "conlapsa ruunt immania membra, dat tellus gemitum et clipeum super intonat ingens", + "en": "The giant limbs totter and fall; earth groans, and the huge shield thunders over him." + }, + { + "id": 19305, + "la": "talis in Euboico Baiarum litore quondam saxea pila cadit, magnis quam molibus ante constructam ponto iaciunt, sic illa ruinam prona trahit penitusque vadis inlisa recumbit; miscent se maria et nigrae attolluntur harenae, tum sonitu Prochyta alta tremit durumque cubile Inarime Iovis imperiis imposta Typhoeo", + "en": "So on the Euboic shore of Baiae falls at times a rocky mass, which, built up first of mighty blocks, men cast into the sea: so as it falls, it trails havoc, and crashing into the waters finds rest in the depths; the seas are in turmoil and the black sands mount upward; then at the sound lofty Prochyta trembles, and Inarimes rugged bed, laid by Joves command above Typhoeus." + }, + { + "id": 19306, + "la": "Hic Mars armipotens animum virisque Latinis addidit et stimulos acris sub pectore vertit, immisitque Fugam Teucris atrumque Timorem", + "en": "At this Mars, the mighty in war, lent fresh strength and valour to the Latins, and in their hearts plied his keen goads, and let slip Flight and dark Terror among the Teucrians." + }, + { + "id": 19307, + "la": "undique conveniunt, quoniam data copia pugnae, bellatorque animo deus incidit", + "en": "From all sides gather the Latins, since scope for fight is given, and the god of battle seizes on their souls." + }, + { + "id": 19308, + "la": "Pandarus, ut fuso germanum corpore cernit et quo sit fortuna loco, qui casus agat res, portam vi magna converso cardine torquet obnixus latis umeris, multosque suorum moenibus exclusos duro in certamine linquit; ast alios secum includit recipitque ruentis, demens, qui Rutulum in medio non agmine regem viderit inrumpentem ultroque incluserit urbi, immanem veluti pecora inter inertia tigrim", + "en": "Pandarus, when he sees his brothers fallen form, sees how fortune stands, and what chance sways the day, with mighty effort pushes with his broad shoulders and swings the gate round on its hinge, leaving many a comrade shut outside the walls in the cruel fray; but others he encloses with himself, welcoming them as they rush in. Madman! not to have seen the Rutulian prince bursting in among the throng, and wantonly to have shut him upin the town, like a monstrous tiger among helpless herds." + }, + { + "id": 19309, + "la": "continuo nova lux oculis effulsit et arma horrendum sonuere, tremunt in vertice cristae sanguineae clipeoque micantia fulmina mittit", + "en": "Straightway a new light flashed from Turnus eyes and his armour rang terribly; the blood-red plumes quiver on his crest, and lightnings shoot gleaming from his shield." + }, + { + "id": 19310, + "la": "agnoscunt faciem invisam atque immania membra turbati subito Aeneadae", + "en": "In sudden dismay the sons of Aeneas recognize that hateful form and those giant limbs." + }, + { + "id": 19311, + "la": "tum Pandarus ingens emicat et mortis fraternae fervidus ira effatur:", + "en": "Then huge Pandarus springs forward and, blazing with wrath for his brothers death, cries:" + }, + { + "id": 19312, + "la": "non haec dotalis regia Amatae, nec muris cohibet patriis media Ardea Turnum", + "en": "This is not Amatas bridal palace, nor is it midmost Ardea, holding Turnus within his native walls." + }, + { + "id": 19313, + "la": "castra inimica vides, nulla hinc exire potestas.", + "en": "This is a foemans camp that you see; there is no chance to escape from here." + }, + { + "id": 19314, + "la": "olli subridens sedato pectore Turnus: incipe, si qua animo virtus, et consere dextram, hic etiam inventum Priamo narrabis Achillem dixerat", + "en": "To him said Turnus, smiling in untroubled mood: Begin, if your heart has any courage, and close with me: you will tell Priam that here too an Achilles has been found. He ended;" + }, + { + "id": 19315, + "la": "ille rudem nodis et cortice crudo intorquet summis adnixus viribus hastam; excepere aurae, vulnus Saturnia Iuno detorsit veniens, portaeque infigitur hasta", + "en": "the other, striving with all his might, hurls his spear, rough with knots and unpeeled bark. The winds received it; Saturnian Juno turned aside the coming blow, and the spear lodges in the gate." + }, + { + "id": 19316, + "la": "at non hoc telum, mea quod vi dextera versat, effugies, neque enim is teli nec vulneris auctor: sic ait, et sublatum alte consurgit in ensem et mediam ferro gemina inter tempora frontem dividit impubisque immani vulnere malas", + "en": "But you will not escape from this weapon that my right arm brandishes; for not such is the wielder of weapon and wound. So saying, he rises high with his uplifted sword; the steel cleaves the brow in two right between the temples, and with ghastly wound severs the beardless cheeks." + }, + { + "id": 19317, + "la": "fit sonus, ingenti concussa est pondere tellus; conlapsos artus atque arma cruenta cerebro sternit humi moriens, atque illi partibus aequis huc caput atque illuc umero ex utroque pependit", + "en": "There is a crash, earth is shaken by the vast weight; dying, he stretches on the ground his fainting limbs and brain-bespattered armour, while in equal halves his head dangles this way and that from either shoulder." + }, + { + "id": 19318, + "la": "Diffugiunt versi trepida formidine Troes, et si continuo victorem ea cura subisset, rumpere claustra manu sociosque immittere portis, ultimus ille dies bello gentique fuisset", + "en": "The Trojans turn and scatter in hasty terror; and, if at once the victor had taken thought to burst the bars by force and let in his comrades at the gates, that day would have been the last for the war and the nation." + }, + { + "id": 19319, + "la": "sed furor ardentem caedisque insana cupido egit in adversos", + "en": "But rage and the mad lust of slaughter drove him in fury on the enemy facing him" + }, + { + "id": 19320, + "la": "principio Phalerim et succiso poplite Gygen excipit, hinc raptas fugientibus ingerit hastas in tergus, Iuno viris animumque ministrat", + "en": "First he catches Phaleris, and Gyges, whom he hamstrings; then, seizing their spears, he hurls them at the backs of the flying crowd; Juno lends strength and courage." + }, + { + "id": 19321, + "la": "addit Halyn comitem et confixa Phegea parma, ignaros deinde in muris Martemque cientis Alcandrumque Haliumque Nomonaque Prytanimque", + "en": "Halys he sends to join them and Phegeus, his shield transfixed; then, as, all unwitting, on the walls they rouse the fray, Alcander and Halius, Noemon and Prytanis." + }, + { + "id": 19322, + "la": "Lyncea tendentem contra sociosque vocantem vibranti gladio conixus ab aggere dexter occupat, huic uno deiectum comminus ictu cum galea longe iacuit caput", + "en": "As Lynceus moves to meet him and calls on his comrades he, from the rampart on the right, with sweep of flashing sword, smites him; severed by a single blow at close quarters, his head with its helmet lay far away." + }, + { + "id": 19323, + "la": "inde ferarum vastatorem Amycum, quo non felicior alter unguere tela manu ferrumque armare veneno, et Clytium Aeoliden et amicum Crethea Musis, Crethea Musarum comitem, cui carmina semper et citharae cordi numerosque intendere nervis, semper equos atque arma virum pugnasque canebat", + "en": "Next fell Amycus, scourge of beasts, whom none excelled in skill of hand in anointing the dart and arming the steel with venom; and Clytius, son of Aeolus, and Cretheus, delight of the Muses'Cretheus, the Muses comrade, whose joy was ever in song and lyre and in stringing notes upon the chords; ever he sang of steeds and weapons, of men and battles." + }, + { + "id": 19324, + "la": "Tandem ductores audita caede suorum conveniunt Teucri, Mnestheus acerque Serestus, palantisque vident socios hostemque receptum", + "en": "At last, hearing of the slaughter of their men, the Teucrian captains, Mnestheus and gallant Serestus, come up, and see their comrades scattered and the foe within the gates." + }, + { + "id": 19325, + "la": "et Mnestheus: quo deinde fugam, quo tenditis? inquit quos alios muros, quaeve ultra moenia habetis? unus homo et vestris, o cives, undique saeptus aggeribus tantas strages impune per urbem ediderit? iuvenum primos tot miserit Orco? non infelicis patriae veterumque deorum et magni Aeneae, segnes, miseretque pudetque?", + "en": "And Mnestheus: Where then, where are you going? What other walls, what other battlements do you have elsewhere? My countrymen, shall one man, hemmed in on every side by your ramparts, deal such carnage throughout the city and go unpunished? Shall he send down to death so many of our noblest youths? Cowards, have you no pity, no shame, for your unhappy country, for your ancient gods, for great Aeneas?" + }, + { + "id": 19326, + "la": "Talibus accensi firmantur et agmine denso consistunt", + "en": "Kindled by such words, they take heart and halt in dense array." + }, + { + "id": 19327, + "la": "Turnus paulatim excedere pugnae et fluvium petere ac partem quae cingitur unda", + "en": "Step by step Turnus withdraws from the fight, making for the river and the place encircled by the stream." + }, + { + "id": 19328, + "la": "acrius hoc Teucri clamore incumbere magno et glomerare manum, ceu saevum turba leonem cum telis premit infensis; at territus ille, asper, acerba tuens, retro redit et neque terga ira dare aut virtus patitur, nec tendere contra ille quidem hoc cupiens potis est per tela virosque", + "en": "All the more fearlessly the Teucrians press on him with loud shouts and mass their ranks'as when a crowd with levelled spears beset a savage lion: but he, affrighted, yet fierce and glaring angrily, gives ground, and neither wrath nor courage lets him turn his back, nor yet, desirous though he be, can he make his way through hunters and through spears." + }, + { + "id": 19329, + "la": "haud aliter retro dubius vestigia Turnus improperata refert et mens exaestuat ira", + "en": "Just so Turnus in doubt retraces his unhurried steps, his heart seething with rage." + }, + { + "id": 19330, + "la": "quin etiam bis tum medios invaserat hostis, bis confusa fuga per muros agmina vertit; sed manus e castris propere coit omnis in unum nec contra viris audet Saturnia Iuno sufficere; ariam caelo nam Iuppiter Irim demisit germanae haud mollia iussa ferentem, ni Turnus cedat Teucrorum moenibus altis", + "en": "Indeed, even then twice he attacked the foe, twice he drove them in flying rout along the walls: but the whole host hastily gathers in a body from the camp, and Saturnian Juno did not dare grant him strength to oppose them, for Jupiter sent Iris down through the sky from Heaven, charged with no gentle behests for his sister, should Turnus not leave the Teucrians lofty ramparts." + }, + { + "id": 19331, + "la": "ergo nec clipeo iuvenis subsistere tantum nec dextra valet, iniectis sic undique telis obruitur", + "en": "Therefore, with neither shield nor sword arm can the soldier hold his own: with such a hail of missiles is he overwhelmed on all sides." + }, + { + "id": 19332, + "la": "strepit adsiduo cava tempora circum tinnitu galea et saxis solida aera fatiscunt discussaeque iubae, capiti nec sufficit umbo ictibus; ingeminant hastis et Troes et ipse fulmineus Mnestheus", + "en": "Round his hollow temples the helmet echoes with ceaseless clash; the solid brass gapes beneath the rain of stones; the horsehair crest is torn from his head, and the shields boss withstands not the blows: the Trojans and Mnestheus himself, of lightning force, launch a storm of spears." + }, + { + "id": 19333, + "la": "tum toto corpore sudor liquitur et piceum (nec respirare potestas) flumen agit, fessos quatit aeger anhelitus artus", + "en": "Then all over his body flows the sweat and runs in pitchy stream, and he has no breathing space; a sickly panting shakes his wearied limbs." + }, + { + "id": 19334, + "la": "tum demum praeceps saltu sese omnibus armis in fluvium dedit", + "en": "Then at length, with headlong leap, he plunges in full armour into the river." + }, + { + "id": 19335, + "la": "ille suo cum gurgite flavo accepit venientem ac mollibus extulit undis et laetum sociis abluta caede remisit", + "en": "Tiber with his yellow flood received him as he came, lifted him up on buoyant waters and, washing away the carnage, returned the joyous hero to his comrades." + }, + { + "id": 19336, + "la": "Tityre, tu patulae recubans sub tegmine fagi silvestrem tenui musam meditaris avena: nos patriae finis et dulcia linquimus arva; nos patriam fugimus: tu, Tityre, lentus in umbra formosam resonare doces Amaryllida silvas", + "en": "You, Tityrus, lie under the canopy of a spreading beech, wooing the woodland Muse on slender reed, but we are leaving our countrys bounds and sweet fields. We are outcasts from our country; you, Tityrus, at ease beneath the shade, teach the woods to re-echo fair Amaryllis." + }, + { + "id": 19337, + "la": "O Meliboee, deus nobis haec otia fecit", + "en": "O Meliboeus, it is a god who gave us this peace'" + }, + { + "id": 19338, + "la": "namque erit ille mihi semper deus, illius aram saepe tener nostris ab ovilibus imbuet agnus", + "en": "for a god he shall ever be to me; often shall a tender lamb from our folds stain his altar." + }, + { + "id": 19339, + "la": "ille meas errare boves, ut cernis, et ipsum ludere quae vellem calamo permisit agresti", + "en": "Of his grace my kine roam, as you see, and I, their master, play what I will on my rustic pipe." + }, + { + "id": 19340, + "la": "Non equidem invideo; miror magis: undique totis usque adeo turbatur agris", + "en": "Well, I grudge you not'rather I marvel; such unrest is there on all sides in the land." + }, + { + "id": 19341, + "la": "en, ipse capellas protinus aeger ago; hanc etiam vix, Tityre, duco", + "en": "See, heartsick, I myself am driving my goats along, and here, Tityrus, is one I scarce can lead." + }, + { + "id": 19342, + "la": "hic inter densas corylos modo namque gemellos, spem gregis, a! silice in nuda conixa reliquit", + "en": "For here just now amid the thick hazels, after hard travail, she dropped twins, the hope of the flock, alas! on the naked flint." + }, + { + "id": 19343, + "la": "saepe malum hoc nobis, si mens non laeva fuisset, de caelo tactas memini praedicere quercus", + "en": "Often, I mind, this mishap was foretold me, had not my wits been dull, by the oaks struck from heaven." + }, + { + "id": 19344, + "la": "sed tamen, iste deus qui sit, da, Tityre, nobis", + "en": "But still tell me, Tityrus, who is this god of yours?" + }, + { + "id": 19345, + "la": "Urbem, quam dicunt Romam, Meliboee, putavi stultus ego huic nostrae similem, quo saepe solemus pastores ovium teneros depellere fetus", + "en": "The city which they call Rome, Meliboeus, I, foolish one! thought was like this of ours, whither we shepherds are wont to drive the tender younglings of our flocks." + }, + { + "id": 19346, + "la": "sic canibus catulos similes, sic matribus haedos noram, sic parvis componere magna solebam", + "en": "Thus I knew puppies were like dogs, and kids like their dams; thus I used to compare great things with small." + }, + { + "id": 19347, + "la": "verum haec tantum alias inter caput extulit urbes, quantum lenta solent inter viburna cupressi", + "en": "But this one has reared her head as high among all other cities as cypresses oft do among the bending osiers." + }, + { + "id": 19348, + "la": "Et quae tanta fuit Romam tibi causa videndi?", + "en": "And what was the great occasion of your seeing Rome?" + }, + { + "id": 19349, + "la": "Libertas, quae sera tamen respexit inertem, candidior postquam tondenti barba cadebat, respexit tamen et longo post tempore venit, postquam nos Amaryllis habet, Galatea reliquit", + "en": "Freedom, who, though late, yet cast her eyes upon me in my sloth, when my beard began to whiten as it fell beneath the scissors. Yet she did cast her eyes on me, and came after a long time'after Amaryllis began her sway and Galatea left me." + }, + { + "id": 19350, + "la": "namque, fatebor enim, dum me Galatea tenebat, nec spes libertatis erat, nec cura peculi", + "en": "For'yes, I must confess'while Galatea ruled me, I had neither hope of freedom nor thought of savings." + }, + { + "id": 19351, + "la": "quamvis multa meis exiret victima saeptis, pinguis et ingratae premeretur caseus urbi, non umquam gravis aere domum mihi dextra redibat", + "en": "Though many a victim left my stalls, and many a rich cheese was pressed for the thankless town, never would my hand come home money-laden." + }, + { + "id": 19352, + "la": "meliboeus Mirabar, quid maesta deos, Amarylli, vocares, cui pendere sua patereris in arbore poma: Tityrus hinc aberat", + "en": "I used to wonder, Amaryllis, why so sadly you called on the gods, and for whom you let the apples hang on their native trees. Tityrus was gone from home." + }, + { + "id": 19353, + "la": "ipsae te, Tityre, pinus, ipsi te fontes, ipsa haec arbusta vocabant", + "en": "The very pines, Tityrus, the very springs, the very orchards here were calling for you!" + }, + { + "id": 19354, + "la": "tityrus Quid facerem? neque servitio me exire licebat nec tam praesentis alibi cognoscere divos", + "en": "What was I to do? I could not quit my slavery nor elsewhere find my gods so ready to aid." + }, + { + "id": 19355, + "la": "hic illum vidi iuvenem, Meliboee, quotannis bis senos cui nostra dies altaria fumant", + "en": "Here, Meliboeus, I saw that youth for whom our altars smoke twice six days a year." + }, + { + "id": 19356, + "la": "hic mihi responsum primus dedit ille petenti: pascite, ut ante, boves, pueri; submittite tauros", + "en": "Here he was the first to give my plea an answer: Feed, swains, your oxen as of old; rear your bulls." + }, + { + "id": 19357, + "la": "Fortunate senex, ergo tua rura manebunt, et tibi magna satis, quamvis lapis omnia nudus limosoque palus obducat pascua iunco", + "en": "Happy old man! So these lands will still be yours, and large enough for you, though bare stones cover all, and the marsh chokes your pastures with slimy rushes." + }, + { + "id": 19358, + "la": "non insueta gravis temptabunt pabula fetas, nec mala vicini pecoris contagia laedent", + "en": "Still, no strange herbage shall try your breeding ewes, no baneful infection from a neighbours flock shall harm them." + }, + { + "id": 19359, + "la": "fortunate senex, hic inter flumina nota et fontis sacros frigus captabis opacum", + "en": "Happy old man! Here, amid familiar streams and sacred springs, you shall enjoy the cooling shade." + }, + { + "id": 19360, + "la": "hinc tibi, quae semper, vicino ab limite saepes Hyblaeis apibus florem depasta salicti saepe levi somnum suadebit inire susurro; hinc alta sub rupe canet frondator ad auras: nec tamen interea raucae, tua cura, palumbes, nec gemere aria cessabit turtur ab ulmo", + "en": "On this side, as of old, on your neighbours border, the hedge whose willow blossoms are sipped by Hyblas bees shall often with its gentle hum soothe you to slumber; on that, under the towering rock, the woodmans song shall fill the air; while still the cooing wood pigeons, your pets, and the turtle dove shall cease not their moaning from the elm tops." + }, + { + "id": 19361, + "la": "Ante leves ergo pascentur in aethere cervi, et freta destituent nudos in litore pisces, ante pererratis amborum finibus exsul aut Ararim Parthus bibet aut Germania Tigrim, quam nostro illius labatur pectore vultus", + "en": "Sooner, then, shall the nimble stag graze in air, and the seas leave their fish bare on the strand'sooner, each wandering over the others frontiers, shall the Parthian in exile drink the Arar, and Germany the Tigris, than that look of his shall fade from my heart." + }, + { + "id": 19362, + "la": "At nos hinc alii sitientis ibimus Afros, pars Scythiam et rapidum cretae veniemus Oaxen et penitus toto divisos orbe Britannos", + "en": "But we must go hence'some to the thirsty Africans, some to reach Scythia and the chalk-rolling Oaxes, and the Britons, wholly sundered from all the world." + }, + { + "id": 19363, + "la": "en umquam patrios longo post tempore finis, pauperis et tuguri congestum caespite culmen post aliquot, mea regna videns, mirabor aristas?", + "en": "Ah, shall I ever, long years hence, look again on my countrys bounds, on my humble cottage with its turf-clad roof'shall I, long years hence, look amazed on a few ears of corn, once my kingdom?" + }, + { + "id": 19364, + "la": "impius haec tam culta novalia miles habebit, barbarus has segetes? en quo discordia civis produxit miseros: his nos consevimus agros", + "en": "Is a godless soldier to hold these well-tilled fallows? a barbarian these crops? See where strife has brought our unhappy citizens! For these have we sown our fields!" + }, + { + "id": 19365, + "la": "insere nunc, Meliboee, piros, pone ordine vitis", + "en": "Now, Meliboeus, graft your pears, plant your vines in rows!" + }, + { + "id": 19366, + "la": "ite meae, felix quondam pecus, ite capellae", + "en": "Away, my goats! Away, once happy flock!" + }, + { + "id": 19367, + "la": "non ego vos posthac viridi proiectus in antro dumosa pendere procul de rupe videbo; carmina nulla canam; non me pascente, capellae, florentem cytisum et salices carpetis amaras", + "en": "No more, stretched in some mossy grot, shall I watch you in the distance hanging from a bushy crag; no more songs shall I sing; no more, my goats, under my tending, shall you crop flowering lucerne and bitter willows!" + }, + { + "id": 19368, + "la": "tityrus Hic tamen hanc mecum poteras requiescere noctem fronde super viridi: sunt nobis mitia poma, castaneae molles et pressi copia lactis; et iam summa procul villarum culmina fumant maioresque cadunt altis de montibus umbrae", + "en": "Yet this night you might have rested here with me on the green leafage. We have ripe apples, mealy chestnuts, and a wealth of pressed cheeses. Even now the housetops yonder are smoking and longer shadows fall from the mountain heights." + }, + { + "id": 19369, + "la": "Formosum pastor Corydon ardebat Alexin, delicias domini, nec, quid speraret, habebat", + "en": "Corydon, the shepherd, was aflame for the fair Alexis, his masters pet, nor knew he what to hope." + }, + { + "id": 19370, + "la": "tantum inter densas, umbrosa cacumina, fagos adsidue veniebat", + "en": "As his one solace, he would day by day come among the thick beeches with their shady summits," + }, + { + "id": 19371, + "la": "ibi haec incondita solus montibus et silvis studio iactabat inani", + "en": "and there alone in unavailing passion fling these artless strains to the hills and woods:" + }, + { + "id": 19372, + "la": "O crudelis Alexi, nihil mea carmina curas? nil nostri miserere? mori me denique coges", + "en": "O cruel Alexis, care you naught for my songs? Have you no pity for me? You will drive me at last to death." + }, + { + "id": 19373, + "la": "nunc etiam pecudes umbras et frigora captant, nunc viridis etiam occultant spineta lacertos, Thestylis et rapido fessis messoribus aestu alia serpyllumque herbas contundit olentis", + "en": "Now even the cattle court the cool shade; now even the green lizards hide in the brakes, and Thestylis pounds for the reapers, spent with the scorching heat, her savoury herbs of garlic and thyme." + }, + { + "id": 19374, + "la": "at me cum raucis, tua dum vestigia lustro, sole sub ardenti resonant arbusta cicadis", + "en": "But as I track your footprints, the copses under the burning sun echo my voice with that of the shrill cicadas." + }, + { + "id": 19375, + "la": "nonne fuit satius, tristis Amaryllidis iras atque superba pati fastidia? nonne Menalcan, quamvis ille niger, quamvis tu candidus esses? o formose puer, nimium ne crede colori: alba ligustra cadunt, vaccinia nigra leguntur", + "en": "Was it not better to brook Amaryllis sullen rage and scornful disdain? or Menalcas, though he was dark and you are fair? Ah, lovely boy, trust not too much to your bloom! The white privets fall, the dark hyacinths are culled!" + }, + { + "id": 19376, + "la": "Despectus tibi sum nec, qui sim, quaeris, Alexi, quam dives pecoris, nivei quam lactis abundans: mille meae Siculis errant in montibus agnae; lac mihi non aestate novum, non frigore defit", + "en": "You scorn me, Alexis, and ask not what I am'how rich in cattle, how wealthy in snow-white milk! A thousand lambs of mine roam over the Sicilian hills; new milk fails me not, summer or winter." + }, + { + "id": 19377, + "la": "canto, quae solitus, si quando armenta vocabat, Amphion Dircaeus in Actaeo Aracyntho", + "en": "I sing as Amphion of Dirce used to sing, when calling home the herds on Attic Aracynthus." + }, + { + "id": 19378, + "la": "nec sum adeo informis: nuper me in litore vidi, cum placidum ventis staret mare; non ego Daphnin iudice te metuam, si numquam fallit imago", + "en": "Nor am I so unsightly; on the shore the other day I looked at myself, when, by grace of the winds, the sea was at peace and still. With you for judge, I should fear not Daphnis, if the mirror never lies!" + }, + { + "id": 19379, + "la": "O tantum libeat mecum tibi sordida rura atque humilis habitare casas et figere cervos, haedorumque gregem viridi compellere hibisco! mecum una in silvis imitabere Pana canendo", + "en": "O if you would but live with me in our rude fields and lowly cots, shooting the deer and driving the flock of kids with a green hibiscus switch! With me in the woods you shall rival Pan in song." + }, + { + "id": 19380, + "la": "Pan primum calamos cera coniungere pluris instituit, Pan curat ovis oviumque magistros", + "en": "Pan it was who first taught man to make many reeds one with wax; Pan cares for the sheep and the shepherds of the sheep." + }, + { + "id": 19381, + "la": "nec te paeniteat calamo trivisse labellum: haec eadem ut sciret, quid non faciebat Amyntas? est mihi disparibus septem compacta cicutis fistula, Damoetas dono mihi quam dedit olim et dixit moriens te nunc habet ista secundum.", + "en": "Nor would you be sorry to have chafed your lip with a reed; to learn this same art, what did not Amyntas do? I have a pipe formed of seven uneven hemlock stalks, a gift Damoetas once gave me and said, as he lay a-dying, Now it claims you as its second master." + }, + { + "id": 19382, + "la": "dixit Damoetas, invidit stultus Amyntas", + "en": "So said Damoetas; Amyntas, foolish one, felt envious." + }, + { + "id": 19383, + "la": "praeterea duo, nec tuta mihi valle reperti, capreoli, sparsis etiam nunc pellibus albo; bina die siccant ovis ubera; quos tibi servo", + "en": "Nay more, two roes'I found them in a dangerous valley' their hides still sprinkled with white, drain a ewes udders twice a day. These I keep for you." + }, + { + "id": 19384, + "la": "iam pridem a me illos abducere Thestylis orat; et faciet, quoniam sordent tibi munera nostra", + "en": "Thestylis has long been begging to get them from me'and so she shall, as in your eyes my gifts are mean." + }, + { + "id": 19385, + "la": "Huc ades, o formose puer: tibi lilia plenis ecce ferunt Nymphae calathis; tibi candida Nais, pallentis violas et summa papavera carpens, narcissum et florem iungit bene olentis anethi; tum, casia atque aliis intexens suavibus herbis, mollia luteola pingit vaccinia caltha", + "en": "Come hither, lovely boy! See, for you the Nymphs bring lilies in heaped-up baskets; for you the fair Naiad, plucking pale violets and poppy heads, blends narcissus and sweet-scented fennel flower; then, twining them with cassia and other sweet herbs, sets off the delicate hyacinth with the golden marigold." + }, + { + "id": 19386, + "la": "ipse ego cana legam tenera lanugine mala castaneasque nuces, mea quas Amaryllis amabat; addam cerea pruna (honos erit huic quoque pomo); et vos, o lauri, carpam et te, proxima myrte, sic positae quoniam suavis miscetis odores", + "en": "My own hands will gather quinces, pale with tender down, and chestnuts, which my Amaryllis loved. Waxen plums I will add'this fruit, too, shall have its honour. You too, O laurels, I will pluck, and you, their neighbour myrtle, for so placed you blend sweet fragrance." + }, + { + "id": 19387, + "la": "Rusticus es, Corydon; nec munera curat Alexis, nec, si muneribus certes, concedat Iollas", + "en": "Corydon, you are a clown! Alexis cares naught for gifts, nor if with gifts you were to vie, would Iollas yield." + }, + { + "id": 19388, + "la": "heu heu, quid volui misero mihi? floribus Austrum perditus et liquidis immisi fontibus apros", + "en": "Alas, alas! what hope, poor fool, has been mine? Madman, I have let in the south wind to my flowers, and boars to my crystal springs!" + }, + { + "id": 19389, + "la": "quem fugis, a! demens? habitarunt di quoque silvas Dardaniusque Paris", + "en": "Ah, idiot, whom do you flee? Even the gods have dwelt in the woods, and Dardan Paris." + }, + { + "id": 19390, + "la": "Pallas, quas condidit arces, ipsa colat: nobis placeant ante omnia silvae", + "en": "Let Pallas dwell by herself in the cities she has built; but let my chief delight be the woods!" + }, + { + "id": 19391, + "la": "torva leaena lupum sequitur, lupus ipse capellam, florentem cytisum sequitur lasciva capella, te Corydon, o Alexi: trahit sua quemque voluptas", + "en": "The grim lioness follows the wolf, the wolf himself the goat, the wanton goat the flowering clover, and Corydon follows you, Alexis. Each is led by his liking." + }, + { + "id": 19392, + "la": "aspice, aratra iugo referunt suspensa iuvenci, et sol crescentis decedens duplicat umbras: me tamen urit amor; quis enim modus adsit amori? a, Corydon, Corydon, quae te dementia cepit! semiputata tibi frondosa vitis in ulmo est", + "en": "See, the bullocks drag home by the yoke the hanging plough, and the retiring sun doubles the lengthening shadows. Yet love still burns in me; for what bound can be set to love? Ah, Corydon, Corydon, what madness has gripped you? Your vine is but half-pruned on the leafy elm." + }, + { + "id": 19393, + "la": "quin tu aliquid saltem potius, quorum indiget usus, viminibus mollique paras detexere iunco? invenies alium, si te hic fastidit, Alexin", + "en": "Nay, why not at least set about plaiting some thing your need calls for, with twigs and pliant rushes? You will find another Alexis, if this one scorns you." + }, + { + "id": 19394, + "la": "Dic mihi, Damoeta, cuium pecus? an Meliboei?", + "en": "Tell me, Damoetas, who owns the flock? Is it Meliboeus?" + }, + { + "id": 19395, + "la": "Non, verum Aegonis; nuper mihi tradidit Aegon", + "en": "No, but Aegon. Aegon the other day turned it over to me." + }, + { + "id": 19396, + "la": "Infelix o semper, oves, pecus! ipse Neaeram dum fovet ac, ne me sibi praeferat illa, veretur, hic alienus ovis custos bis mulget in hora, et sucus pecori et lac subducitur agnis", + "en": "Poor sheep, unlucky all the time! While your master fondles Neaera, and is afraid that she prefers me to him, this hired keeper milks his ewes twice an hour, and the flock are robbed of their strength and the lambs of their milk." + }, + { + "id": 19397, + "la": "damoetas Parcius ista viris tamen obicienda memento", + "en": "Think twice before you utter these complaints against a man." + }, + { + "id": 19398, + "la": "novimus et qui te, transversa tuentibus hircis, et quo (sed faciles Nymphae risere) sacello", + "en": "I know who was with you while the goats looked askance, and in what shrine'but the complacent Nymphs just laughed." + }, + { + "id": 19399, + "la": "Tum, credo, cum me arbustum videre Miconis atque mala vitis incidere falce novellas", + "en": "That day, methinks, when they saw me hacking Micons trees and tender vine shoots with a malicious pruning knife." + }, + { + "id": 19400, + "la": "Aut hic ad veteres fagos, cum Daphnidis arcum fregisti et calamos: quae tu, perverse Menalca, et cum vidisti puero donata, dolebas, et si non aliqua nocuisses, mortuus esses", + "en": "Or was it when, by these old beeches, you broke Daphnis bow and arrows; for you were vexed, spiteful Menalcas, when you saw them given to the boy, and if you hadnt hurt him somehow, youd have died." + }, + { + "id": 19401, + "la": "Quid domini faciant, audent cum talia fures? non ego te vidi Damonis, pessime, caprum excipere insidiis, multum latrante Lycisca? et cum clamarem quo nunc se proripit ille? Tityre, coge pecus, tu post carecta latebas", + "en": "What can owners do, when thieves are so daring? Didnt I see you, rascal, trapping Damons goat, while his mongrel barked madly? And when I shouted: Where is that fellow off to? Tityrus, mind your flock! you were skulking behind the rushes." + }, + { + "id": 19402, + "la": "damoetas An mihi cantando victus non redderet ille, quem mea carminibus meruisset fistula caprum? si nescis, meus ille caper fuit; et mihi Damon ipse fatebatur; sed reddere posse negabat", + "en": "Didnt I beat him in singing, and wasnt he to pay me the goat my pipe had won by its songs? If you must know, that goat was mine; Damon himself admitted it, but said he could not pay." + }, + { + "id": 19403, + "la": "Cantando tu illum?", + "en": "You beat him in singing?" + }, + { + "id": 19404, + "la": "aut umquam tibi fistula cera iuncta fuit?", + "en": "Why, did you ever own a waxjointed pipe?" + }, + { + "id": 19405, + "la": "non tu in triviis, indocte, solebas prv stridenti miserum stipula disperdere carmen?", + "en": "Wasnt it you, you dunce, that at the crossroads used to murder a sorry tune on a scrannel straw?" + }, + { + "id": 19406, + "la": "Vis ergo inter nos, quid possit uterque, vicissim experiamur?", + "en": "Well, what do you say to us trying together, turn by turn, what each can do?" + }, + { + "id": 19407, + "la": "ego hanc vitulam (ne forte recuses, bis venit ad mulctram, binos alit ubere fetus) depono: tu dic, mecum quo pignore certes", + "en": "Ill stake this cow. Now dont say no! She comes twice a day to the milking pail, and suckles two calves. Now tell me what stake you will put on our match." + }, + { + "id": 19408, + "la": "De grege non ausim quicquam deponere tecum: est mihi namque domi pater, est iniusta noverca, bisque die numerant ambo pecus, alter et haedos", + "en": "From the herd I dare not wager anything with you. Ive a father at home, and a harsh stepmother; and twice a day both count the flock, and one of them the kids as well." + }, + { + "id": 19409, + "la": "verum, id quod multo tute ipse fatebere maius, (insanire libet quoniam tibi) pocula ponam fagina, caelatum divini opus Alcimedontis; lenta quibus torno facili superaddita vitis diffusos hedera vestit pallente corymbos", + "en": "But (and heres what even you will admit is far more), seeing that you are bent on folly, I will stake a pair of beech-wood cups, the embossed work of divine Alcimedon. On them a pliant vine, laid on by the gravers skill, is entwined with spreading clusters of pale ivy." + }, + { + "id": 19410, + "la": "in medio duo signa, Conon et'quis fuit alter, descripsit radio totum qui gentibus orbem, tempora quae messor, quae curvus arator haberet? necdum illis labra admovi, sed condita servo", + "en": "In the middle are two figures, Conon and'who was the other, who marked out with his rod the whole heavens for man, what seasons the reaper should claim and what the stooping ploughman? Not yet have I touched them with my lips, but keep them safely stored." + }, + { + "id": 19411, + "la": "Et nobis idem Alcimedon duo pocula fecit, et molli circum est ansas amplexus acantho, Orpheaque in medio posuit silvasque sequentis; necdum illis labra admovi, sed condita servo: si ad vitulam spectas, nihil est, quod pocula laudes", + "en": "I also have two cups, made by the same Alcimedon, and he has clasped their handles with twining acanthus, and in the centre placed Orpheus with the woods following him. Not yet have I touched them with my lips, but keep them safely stored. If you but look at the cow, you will have no praise for the cups." + }, + { + "id": 19412, + "la": "Numquam hodie effugies; veniam, quocumque vocaris", + "en": "Nevr today will you get away! Wherever you challenge me, Ill be there." + }, + { + "id": 19413, + "la": "audiat haec tantum'vel qui venit ecce Palaemon", + "en": "Only let the one to hear us be'why, let it be whos coming now, Palaemon." + }, + { + "id": 19414, + "la": "efficiam, posthac ne quemquam voce lacessas", + "en": "Ill see to it that after today you challenge nobody to sing." + }, + { + "id": 19415, + "la": "damoetas Quin age, si quid habes; in me mora non erit ulla, nec quemquam fugio: tantum, vicine Palaemon, sensibus haec imis (res est non parva) reponas", + "en": "Well, come, if you have any song; with me therell be no delay; Ill not shrink from any judge. Only, neighbour Palaemon, give this your best attention; it is no trifling matter." + }, + { + "id": 19416, + "la": "Dicite, quandoquidem in molli consedimus herba", + "en": "Sing on, now that we are seated on the soft grass." + }, + { + "id": 19417, + "la": "et nunc omnis ager, nunc omnis parturit arbos, nunc frondent silvae, nunc formosissimus annus", + "en": "Every field, every tree is now budding; now the woods are green, now the year is at its loveliest." + }, + { + "id": 19418, + "la": "incipe, Damoeta; tu deinde sequere, Menalca: alternis dicetis; amant alterna Camenae", + "en": "Begin, Damoetas; then you, Menalcas, must follow. You must sing alternately; the Muses love alternate verses." + }, + { + "id": 19419, + "la": "Ab Iove principium Musae: Iovis omnia plena; ille colit terras, illi mea carmina curae", + "en": "With Jove my song begins; of Jove all things are full. He makes the earth fruitful; he cares for my verses." + }, + { + "id": 19420, + "la": "Et me Phoebus amat; Phoebo sua semper apud me munera sunt, lauri et suave rubens hyacinthus", + "en": "And me Phoebus loves; Phoebus always finds with me the presents he loves, laurels and sweet-blushing hyacinths." + }, + { + "id": 19421, + "la": "Malo me Galatea petit, lasciva puella, et fugit ad salices, et se cupit ante videri", + "en": "Galatea, saucy girl, pelts me with an apple, then runs off to the willows'and hopes I saw her first." + }, + { + "id": 19422, + "la": "At mihi sese offert ultro, meus ignis, Amyntas, notior ut iam sit canibus non Delia nostris", + "en": "But my boyfriend Amyntas comes to me unasked, so that now not Delia is better known to my dogs." + }, + { + "id": 19423, + "la": "Parta meae Veneri sunt munera: namque notavi ipse locum, ariae quo congessere palumbes", + "en": "I have found gifts for my darling; for I have myself marked where the wood pigeons have been nesting high in the sky." + }, + { + "id": 19424, + "la": "Quod potui, puero silvestri ex arbore lecta aurea mala decem misi: cras altera mittam", + "en": "I have sent my boy'twas all I could'ten golden apples, picked from a tree in the wood. Tomorrow I will send a second ten." + }, + { + "id": 19425, + "la": "O quotiens et quae nobis Galatea locuta est! partem aliquam, venti, divum referatis ad auris", + "en": "O how many and how sweet the things that Galatea has whispered to me! Waft some part of them to the gods, ye winds." + }, + { + "id": 19426, + "la": "menalcas Quid prodest, quod me ipse animo non spernis, Amynta, si, dum tu sectaris apros, ego retia servo? damoetas Phyllida mitte mihi: meus est natalis, Iolla; cum faciam vitula pro frugibus, ipse venito", + "en": "What good is it, Amyntas, that you scorn me not in heart, if while you pursue the boars, I am left to look after the nets? damoetas Send Phyllis to me; it is my birthday, Iollas. When I sacrifice a heifer for the harvest, come yourself." + }, + { + "id": 19427, + "la": "Phyllida amo ante alias: nam me discedere flevit, et longum formose, vale, vale, inquit, Iolla", + "en": "I love Phyllis most of all; for she wept that I was leaving, and in halting accents cried, Iollas: Farewell, farewell, my lovely!" + }, + { + "id": 19428, + "la": "Triste lupus stabulis, maturis frugibus imbres, arboribus venti, nobis Amaryllidis irae", + "en": "Terrible is the wolf to the folds, the rains to the ripened crop, to the trees the gales, and to me the anger of Amaryllis!" + }, + { + "id": 19429, + "la": "Dulce satis umor, depulsis arbutus haedis, lenta salix feto pecori, mihi solus Amyntas", + "en": "Sweet are the showers to the corn, the arbute to the new-weaned kids, to the breeding flock the bending willow, and to me none but Amyntas!" + }, + { + "id": 19430, + "la": "Pollio amat nostram, quamvis est rustica, Musam: Pierides, vitulam lectori pascite vestro", + "en": "Pollio loves my Muse, homely though she be: Pierian maids, feed fat a calf for your reader." + }, + { + "id": 19431, + "la": "Pollio et ipse facit nova carmina: pascite taurum, iam cornu petat et pedibus qui spargat harenam", + "en": "Pollio makes new songs himself: feed fat a bull that butts already and spurns the sand with his hooves." + }, + { + "id": 19432, + "la": "Qui te, Pollio, amat, veniat quo te quoque gaudet; mella fluant illi, ferat et rubus asper amomum", + "en": "May he who loves you, Pollio, come where he rejoices that you, too, have come! For him may honey flow and the bramble bear spices!" + }, + { + "id": 19433, + "la": "Qui Bavium non odit, amet tua carmina, Mevi, atque idem iungat vulpes et mulgeat hircos", + "en": "Let him who hates not Bavius love your songs, Mevius; and let him also yoke foxes and milk he-goats!" + }, + { + "id": 19434, + "la": "Qui legitis flores et humi nascentia fraga, frigidus, o pueri, fugite hinc, latet anguis in herba", + "en": "You lads who cull flowers and strawberries that grow so low, begone from here; a chill snake lurks in the grass." + }, + { + "id": 19435, + "la": "Parcite, oves, nimium procedere: non bene ripae creditur; ipse aries etiam nunc vellera siccat", + "en": "Venture not too far, my sheep; it is dangerous to trust the bank. Even now the ram is drying his fleece." + }, + { + "id": 19436, + "la": "Tityre, pascentis a flumine reice capellas: ipse, ubi tempus erit, omnis in fonte lavabo", + "en": "Tityrus, turn back from the stream the grazing goats; when the time comes, Ill wash them all in the spring myself." + }, + { + "id": 19437, + "la": "Cogite ovis, pueri: si lac praeceperit aestus, ut nuper, frustra pressabimus ubera palmis", + "en": "Round up the sheep, lads; if the heat of the day dries up their milk, as it did of late, in vain will our fingers press the teats." + }, + { + "id": 19438, + "la": "Heu heu! quam pingui macer est mihi taurus in ervo! idem amor exitium pecori pecorisque magistro", + "en": "Alas, alas! How lean is my bull on that fat vetch! The same love is fatal to the herd and to the master of the herd." + }, + { + "id": 19439, + "la": "Hi certe'neque amor causa est'vix ossibus haerent", + "en": "With mine at least'and love is not to blame'their skin scarce clings to the bones." + }, + { + "id": 19440, + "la": "nescio quis teneros oculus mihi fascinat agnos", + "en": "Some evil eye bewitches my tender lambs." + }, + { + "id": 19441, + "la": "Dic, quibus in terris (et eris mihi magnus Apollo) tris pateat caeli spatium non amplius ulnas", + "en": "Tell me in what lands'and to me be great Apollo'heavens vault is but three ells wide." + }, + { + "id": 19442, + "la": "menalcas Dic, quibus in terris inscripti nomina regum nascantur flores, et Phyllida solus habeto", + "en": "Tell me in what lands grow flowers inscribed with royal names'and have Phyllis for yourself." + }, + { + "id": 19443, + "la": "Non nostrum inter vos tantas componere lites: et vitula tu dignus et hic'et quisquis amores aut metuet dulcis aut experietur amaros", + "en": "It is not for me to settle so close a contest between you. You deserve the heifer, and so does he'and whoever shall fear the sweets or taste the bitters of love." + }, + { + "id": 19444, + "la": "claudite iam rivos, pueri: sat prata biberunt", + "en": "Shut off the springs now, lads; the meadows have drunk enough." + }, + { + "id": 19445, + "la": "Sicelides Musae, paulo maiora canamus", + "en": "Sicilian Muses, let us sing a somewhat loftier strain." + }, + { + "id": 19446, + "la": "non omnis arbusta iuvant humilesque myricae; si canimus silvas, silvae sint consule dignae", + "en": "Not everyone do orchards and the lowly tamarisks delight. If our song is of the woodland, let the woods be worthy of a consul." + }, + { + "id": 19447, + "la": "Ultima Cumaei venit iam carminis aetas; magnus ab integro saeclorum nascitur ordo", + "en": "Now is come the last age of Cumaean song; the great line of the centuries begins anew." + }, + { + "id": 19448, + "la": "iam redit et Virgo, redeunt Saturnia regna; iam nova progenies caelo demittitur alto", + "en": "Now the Virgin returns, the reign of Saturn returns; now a new generation descends from heaven on high." + }, + { + "id": 19449, + "la": "tu modo nascenti puero, quo ferrea primum desinet ac toto surget gens aurea mundo, casta fave Lucina: tuus iam regnat Apollo", + "en": "Only do you, pure Lucina, smile on the birth of the child, under whom the iron brood shall at last cease and a golden race spring up throughout the world! Your own Apollo now is king!" + }, + { + "id": 19450, + "la": "Teque adeo decus hoc aevi, te consule, inibit, Pollio, et incipient magni procedere menses; te duce, si qua manent sceleris vestigia nostri, inrita perpetua solvent formidine terras", + "en": "And in your consulship, Pollio, yes, yours, shall this glorious age begin, and the mighty months commence their march; under your sway any lingering traces of our guilt shall become void and release the earth from its continual dread." + }, + { + "id": 19451, + "la": "ille deum vitam accipiet divisque videbit permixtos heroas et ipse videbitur illis, pacatumque reget patriis virtutibus orbem", + "en": "He shall have the gift of divine life, shall see heroes mingled with gods, and shall himself be seen by them, and shall rule the world to which his fathers prowess brought peace." + }, + { + "id": 19452, + "la": "At tibi prima, puer, nullo munuscula cultu errantis hederas passim cum baccare tellus mixtaque ridenti colocasia fundet acantho, ipsa tibi blandos fundet cunabula flores", + "en": "But for you, child, the earth untilled will pour forth its first pretty gifts, gadding ivy with foxglove everywhere, and the Egyptian bean blended with the laughing briar; unbidden it will pour forth for you a cradle of smiling flowers." + }, + { + "id": 19453, + "la": "ipsae lacte domum referent distenta capellae ubera, nec magnos metuent armenta leones", + "en": "Unbidden, the goats will bring home their udders swollen with milk, and the cattle will not fear huge lions." + }, + { + "id": 19454, + "la": "occidet et serpens, et fallax herba veneni occidet; Assyrium vulgo nascetur amomum", + "en": "The serpent, too, will perish, and perish will the plant that hides its poison; Assyrian spice will spring up on every soil." + }, + { + "id": 19455, + "la": "At simul heroum laudes et facta parentis iam legere et quae sit poteris cognoscere virtus, molli paulatim flavescet campus arista incultisque rubens pendebit sentibus uva et durae quercus sudabunt roscida mella", + "en": "But as soon as you can read of the glories of heroes and your fathers deeds, and can know what valour is, slowly will the plains yellow with the waving corn, on wild brambles the purple grape will hang, and the stubborn oak distil dewy honey." + }, + { + "id": 19456, + "la": "Pauca tamen suberunt priscae vestigia fraudis, quae temptare Thetim ratibus, quae cingere muris oppida, quae iubeant telluri infindere sulcos", + "en": "Yet will a few traces of old-time sin live on, to bid men tempt the sea in ships, girdle towns with walls, and cleave the earth with furrows." + }, + { + "id": 19457, + "la": "alter erit tum Tiphys et altera quae vehat Argo delectos heroas; erunt etiam altera bella atque iterum ad Troiam magnus mittetur Achilles", + "en": "A second Tiphys will then arise, and a second Argo to carry chosen heroes; a second war will be fought, and great Achilles be sent again to Troy." + }, + { + "id": 19458, + "la": "Hinc, ubi iam firmata virum te fecerit aetas, cedet et ipse mari vector, nec nautica pinus mutabit merces; omnis feret omnia tellus", + "en": "Next, when now the strength of years has made you a man, even the trader will quit the sea, nor will the ship of pine exchange wares; every land will bear all fruits." + }, + { + "id": 19459, + "la": "non rastros patietur humus, non vinea falcem; robustus quoque iam tauris iuga solvet arator", + "en": "Earth will not suffer the harrow, nor the vine the pruning hook; the sturdy ploughman, too, will now loose his oxen from the yoke." + }, + { + "id": 19460, + "la": "nec varios discet mentiri lana colores, ipse sed in pratis aries iam suave rubenti murice, iam croceo mutabit vellera luto;", + "en": "No more will wool be taught to put on varied hues, but of himself the ram in the meadows will change his fleece, now to sweetly blushing purple, now to a saffron yellow;" + }, + { + "id": 19461, + "la": "sponte sua sandyx pascentis vestiet agnos", + "en": "and scarlet shall clothe the grazing lambs at will." + }, + { + "id": 19462, + "la": "Talia saecla, suis dixerunt currite fusis concordes stabili fatorum numine Parcae", + "en": "Ages so blessed, glide on! cried the Fates to their spindles, voicing in unison the fixed will of Destiny." + }, + { + "id": 19463, + "la": "Adgredere o magnos (aderit iam tempus) honores, cara deum suboles, magnum Iovis incrementum!", + "en": "O enter upon your high honours'the hour will soon be here'dear offspring of the gods, mighty seed of a Jupiter to be!" + }, + { + "id": 19464, + "la": "aspice convexo nutantem pondere mundum, terrasque tractusque maris caelumque profundum; aspice, venturo laetentur ut omnia saeclo!", + "en": "See how the world bows with its massive dome'earth and expanse of sea and heavens depth! See how all things rejoice in the age that is at hand!" + }, + { + "id": 19465, + "la": "O mihi tum longae maneat pars ultima vitae, spiritus et quantum sat erit tua dicere facta!", + "en": "I pray that the twilight of a long life may then be vouchsafed me, and inspiration enough to hymn your deeds!" + }, + { + "id": 19466, + "la": "non me carminibus vincet nec Thracius Orpheus nec Linus, huic mater quamvis atque huic pater adsit, Orphei Calliopea, Lino formosus Apollo", + "en": "Then shall neither Thracian Orpheus nor Linus vanquish me in song, though mother give aid to the one and father to the other, Calliope to Orpheus, to Linus fair Apollo." + }, + { + "id": 19467, + "la": "Pan etiam, Arcadia mecum si iudice certet, Pan etiam Arcadia dicat se iudice victum", + "en": "Even were Pan to compete with me and Arcady be judge, then even Pan, with Arcady for judge, would own himself defeated." + }, + { + "id": 19468, + "la": "Incipe, parve puer, risu cognoscere matrem: matri longa decem tulerunt fastidia menses", + "en": "Begin, baby boy, to recognize your mother with a smile: ten months have brought your mother long travail." + }, + { + "id": 19469, + "la": "incipe, parve puer: cui non risere parentes, nec deus hunc mensa, dea nec dignata cubili est", + "en": "Begin, baby boy! The child who has not won a smile from his parents, no god ever honoured with his table, no goddess with her bed!" + }, + { + "id": 19470, + "la": "Cur non, Mopse, boni quoniam convenimus ambo, tu calamos inflare levis, ego dicere versus, hic corylis mixtas inter consedimus ulmos?", + "en": "Mopsus, now that we have met, good men both, you at blowing on the slender reeds, I at singing verses'why dont we sit together here, where hazels mix with elms?" + }, + { + "id": 19471, + "la": "Tu maior; tibi me est aequum parere, Menalca, sive sub incertas Zephyris motantibus umbras, sive antro potius succedimus", + "en": "You are the older, Menalcas: it is right for me to defer to you, whether we pass beneath the shadows that shift at the Zephyrs stirring, or rather into the cave." + }, + { + "id": 19472, + "la": "aspice, ut antrum silvestris raris sparsit labrusca racemis", + "en": "See how the wild vine with its stray clusters has overrun the cave." + }, + { + "id": 19473, + "la": "Montibus in nostris solus tibi certat Amyntas", + "en": "Among our hills your only rival is Amyntas." + }, + { + "id": 19474, + "la": "Quid, si idem certet Phoebum superare canendo?", + "en": "He might just as well compete with Apollo in song." + }, + { + "id": 19475, + "la": "Incipe, Mopse, prior, si quos aut Phyllidis ignes aut Alconis habes laudes aut iurgia Codri", + "en": "Begin first, Mopsus, if you have any love songs for Phyllis, or aught in praise of Alcon, or any gibes at Codrus." + }, + { + "id": 19476, + "la": "incipe; pascentis servabit Tityrus haedos", + "en": "Begin. Tityrus will tend the grazing kids." + }, + { + "id": 19477, + "la": "Immo haec, in viridi nuper quae cortice fagi carmina descripsi et modulans alterna notavi, experiar: tu deinde iubeto certet Amyntas", + "en": "No, I will try these verses, which the other day I carved on the green beech-bark and set to music, marking words and tune in turn. Then you can bid Amyntas compete with me!" + }, + { + "id": 19478, + "la": "Lenta salix quantum pallenti cedit olivae, puniceis humilis quantum saliunca rosetis, iudicio nostro tantum tibi cedit Amyntas", + "en": "As far as the lithe willow yields to the pale olive, as far as the lowly Celtic reed yields to crimson rose beds, so far, to my mind, does Amyntas yield to you." + }, + { + "id": 19479, + "la": "sed tu desine plura, puer: successimus antro", + "en": "Nay, say no more, lad; we have passed into the cave." + }, + { + "id": 19480, + "la": "Exstinctum Nymphae crudeli funere Daphnin flebant (vos coryli testes et flumina Nymphis), cum complexa sui corpus miserabile nati atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater", + "en": "For Daphnis, cut off by a cruel death, the Nymphs wept'you hazels and rivers bear witness to the Nymphs'when, clasping her sons piteous corpse, his mother cried out on the cruelty of both gods and stars." + }, + { + "id": 19481, + "la": "non ulli pastos illis egere diebus frigida, Daphni, boves ad flumina; nulla neque amnem libavit quadrupes nec graminis attigit herbam", + "en": "On those days, Daphnis, none drove the pastured kine to the cool streams; no four-footed beast tasted the brook or touched a blade of grass." + }, + { + "id": 19482, + "la": "Daphni, tuum Poenos etiam ingemuisse leones interitum montesque feri silvaeque loquuntur", + "en": "Daphnis, the wild mountains and woods tell us that even African lions moaned over your death." + }, + { + "id": 19483, + "la": "Daphnis et Armenias curru subiungere tigris instituit, Daphnis thiasos inducere Bacchi et foliis lentas intexere mollibus hastas", + "en": "Daphnis it was that taught men to yoke Armenian tigers beneath the car, to lead on the dances of Bacchus and entwine in soft leaves the tough spears." + }, + { + "id": 19484, + "la": "vitis ut arboribus decori est, ut vitibus uvae, ut gregibus tauri, segetes ut pinguibus arvis, tu decus omne tuis", + "en": "As the vine gives glory to its trees, as the grape to the vines, as the bull to the herd, as the corn to rich fields, you alone give glory to your people." + }, + { + "id": 19485, + "la": "postquam te Fata tulerunt, ipsa Pales agros atque ipse reliquit Apollo", + "en": "Since the Fates bore you off, even Pales has left our fields, and even Apollo." + }, + { + "id": 19486, + "la": "grandia saepe quibus mandavimus hordea sulcis, infelix lolium et steriles nascuntur avenae; pro molli viola, pro purpureo narcisso carduus et spinis surgit paliurus acutis", + "en": "Often in the furrows, to which we entrusted the big barley grains, luckless darnel springs up and barren oat straws. Instead of the soft violet, instead of the gleaming narcissus, the thistle rises up and the sharp-spiked thorn." + }, + { + "id": 19487, + "la": "spargite humum foliis, inducite fontibus umbras, pastores (mandat fieri sibi talia Daphnis), et tumulum facite et tumulo superaddite carmen: Daphnis ego in silvis, hinc usque ad sidera notus, formosi pecoris custos, formosior ipse.", + "en": "Strew the turf with leaves, shepherds, curtain the springs with shade'such honours Daphnis charges you to pay him. And build a tomb, and on the tomb place, too, this verse: Daphnis was I amid the woods, known from here even to the stars. Fair was my flock, but fairer I, their shepherd." + }, + { + "id": 19488, + "la": "Tale tuum carmen nobis, divine poeta, quale sopor fessis in gramine, quale per aestum dulcis aquae saliente sitim restinguere rivo", + "en": "Your lay, heavenly bard, is to me even as sleep on the grass to the weary, as in summer heat the slaking of thirst in a dancing rill of sweet water." + }, + { + "id": 19489, + "la": "nec calamis solum aequiperas, sed voce magistrum", + "en": "Not with the pipe alone, but in voice do you match your master." + }, + { + "id": 19490, + "la": "fortunate puer, tu nunc eris alter ab illo", + "en": "Happy lad! now you will be next after him." + }, + { + "id": 19491, + "la": "nos tamen haec quocumque modo tibi nostra vicissim dicemus, Daphninque tuum tollemus ad astra; Daphnin ad astra feremus: amavit nos quoque Daphnis", + "en": "Still I will sing you in turn, poorly it may be, this strain of mine, and exalt your Daphnis to the stars. Daphnis I will exalt to the stars; me, too, Daphnis loved." + }, + { + "id": 19492, + "la": "An quicquam nobis tali sit munere maius? et puer ipse fuit cantari dignus, et ista iam pridem Stimichon laudavit carmina nobis", + "en": "Could any boon be greater in my eyes than this? Not only was the boy himself worthy to be sung, but long ago Stimichon praised to me those strains of yours." + }, + { + "id": 19493, + "la": "Candidus insuetum miratur limen Olympi sub pedibusque videt nubes et sidera Daphnis", + "en": "Daphnis, in radiant beauty, marvels at Heavens unfamiliar threshold, and beneath his feet beholds the clouds and the stars." + }, + { + "id": 19494, + "la": "ergo alacris silvas et cetera rura voluptas Panaque pastoresque tenet Dryadasque puellas", + "en": "Therefore frolic glee seizes the woods and all the countryside, and Pan, and the shepherds, and the Dryad maids." + }, + { + "id": 19495, + "la": "nec lupus insidias pecori nec retia cervis ulla dolum meditantur; amat bonus otia Daphnis", + "en": "The wolf plans no ambush for the flock, and nets no snare for the stag; kindly Daphnis loves peace." + }, + { + "id": 19496, + "la": "ipsi laetitia voces ad sidera iactant intonsi montes; ipsae iam carmina rupes, ipsa sonant arbusta: deus, deus ille, Menalca! sis bonus o felixque tuis! en quattuor aras: ecce duas tibi, Daphni, duas altaria Phoebo", + "en": "The very mountains, with woods unshorn, joyously fling their voices starward; the very rocks, the very groves ring out the song: A god is he, a god, Menalcas! Be kind and gracious to your own! Lo here are four altars'two, see, for you, Daphnis; two for Phoebus!" + }, + { + "id": 19497, + "la": "pocula bina novo spumantia lacte quotannis craterasque duo statuam tibi pinguis olivi, et multo in primis hilarans convivia Baccho (ante focum, si frigus erit, si messis, in umbra) vina novum fundam calathis Ariusia nectar", + "en": "Two cups, foaming with fresh milk, will I year by year set up for you, and two bowls of rich olive oil; and, for my chief care, making the feast merry with wine'in winter, before the hearth; in harvest time, in the shade'I will pour from goblets the fresh nectar of Chian wine." + }, + { + "id": 19498, + "la": "cantabunt mihi Damoetas et Lyctius Aegon; saltantis Satyros imitabitur Alphesiboeus", + "en": "Damoetas and Lyctian Aegon shall sing for me, and Alphesiboeus mimic the dancing Satyrs." + }, + { + "id": 19499, + "la": "Haec tibi semper erunt, et cum sollemnia vota reddemus Nymphis, et cum lustrabimus agros", + "en": "These rites shall be yours for ever, both when we pay our yearly vows to the Nymphs, and when we purify our fields." + }, + { + "id": 19500, + "la": "dum iuga montis aper, fluvios dum piscis amabit, dumque thymo pascentur apes, dum rore cicadae, semper honos nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt", + "en": "So long as the boar loves the mountaintops, and the fish the streams; so long as the bees feed on thyme and the cicadas on dew'so long shall your honour, name, and glory abide." + }, + { + "id": 19501, + "la": "ut Baccho Cererique, tibi sic vota quotannis agricolae facient; damnabis tu quoque votis.", + "en": "As to Bacchus and Ceres, so to you, year after year, shall the husbandmen pay their vows; you, too, shall hold them to their vows." + }, + { + "id": 19502, + "la": "Quae tibi, quae tali reddam pro carmine dona? nam neque me tantum venientis sibilus Austri nec percussa iuvant fluctu tam litora, nec quae saxosas inter decurrunt flumina valles", + "en": "What gifts can I give in return for a song such as yours? Sweeter is it to me than the sound of the South Wind sighing, or the rollers thundering on the beach, or the splash of rivulets tumbling down through rocky glens." + }, + { + "id": 19503, + "la": "Hac te nos fragili donabimus ante cicuta", + "en": "First let me give you this delicate reed." + }, + { + "id": 19504, + "la": "haec nos formosum Corydon ardebat Alexin, haec eadem docuit cuium pecus? an Meliboei?", + "en": "This taught me Corydon was aflame for the fair Alexis and also Who owns the flock? Is it Meliboeus?" + }, + { + "id": 19505, + "la": "At tu sume pedum, quod, me cum saepe rogaret, non tulit Antigenes (et erat tum dignus amari), formosum paribus nodis atque aere, Menalca", + "en": "And do you take this crook, Menalcas, which Antigenes won not, often as he begged it of me'and in those days he was worthy of my love'a goodly crook, with even knots and ring of bronze." + }, + { + "id": 19506, + "la": "Prima Syracosio dignata est ludere versu nostra nec erubuit silvas habitare Thalea", + "en": "My Muse first deigned to sport in Sicilian strains, and blushed not to dwell in the woods." + }, + { + "id": 19507, + "la": "cum canerem reges et proelia, Cynthius aurem vellit et admonuit: pastorem, Tityre, pinguis pascere oportet ovis, deductum dicere carmen.", + "en": "When I was fain to sing of kings and battles, the Cynthian plucked my ear and warned me: A shepherd, Tityrus, should feed sheep that are fat, but sing a lay fine-spun." + }, + { + "id": 19508, + "la": "nunc ego (namque super tibi erunt qui dicere laudes, Vare, tuas cupiant et tristia condere bella) agrestem tenui meditabor harundine Musam", + "en": "And now'bards in plenty will you find eager to sing your praises, Varus, and build the story of grim war'now will I woo the rustic Muse on slender reed." + }, + { + "id": 19509, + "la": "non iniussa cano", + "en": "Unbidden strains I sing not;" + }, + { + "id": 19510, + "la": "si quis tamen haec quoque, si quis captus amore leget, te nostrae, Vare, myricae, te nemus omne canet; nec Phoebo gratior ulla est quam sibi quae Vari praescripsit pagina nomen", + "en": "still if any there be to read even these my lays'any whom love of the theme has won'tis of you, Varus, our tamarisks shall sing, of you all our groves. To Phoebus no page is more welcome than that which bears on its front the name of Varus." + }, + { + "id": 19511, + "la": "Pergite, Pierides", + "en": "Proceed, Pierian maids!" + }, + { + "id": 19512, + "la": "Chromis et Mnasyllos in antro Silenum pueri somno videre iacentem, inflatum hesterno venas, ut semper, Iaccho; serta procul, tantum capiti delapsa, iacebant et gravis attrita pendebat cantharus ansa", + "en": "The lads Chromis and Mnasyllos saw Silenus lying asleep in a cave, his veins swollen, as ever, with the wine of yesterday. Hard by lay the garlands, just fallen from his head, and his heavy tankard was hanging by its well-worn handle." + }, + { + "id": 19513, + "la": "adgressi (nam saepe senex spe carminis ambo luserat) iniciunt ipsis ex vincula sertis", + "en": "Falling on him'for oft the aged one had cheated both of a promised song'they cast him into fetters made from his own garlands." + }, + { + "id": 19514, + "la": "addit se sociam timidisque supervenit Aegle, Aegle, Naiadum pulcherrima, iamque videnti pr sanguineis frontem moris et tempora pingit", + "en": "Aegle joins their company and seconds the timid pair'Aegle, fairest of the Naiads'and, as now his eyes open, paints his face and brows with crimson mulberries." + }, + { + "id": 19515, + "la": "ille dolum ridens quo vincula nectitis? inquit", + "en": "Smiling at the trick, he cries: Why fetter me?" + }, + { + "id": 19516, + "la": "solvite me, pueri: satis est potuisse videri", + "en": "Loose me, lads; enough that you have shown your power." + }, + { + "id": 19517, + "la": "carmina, quae vultis, cognoscite; carmina vobis, huic aliud mercedis erit.", + "en": "Hear the songs you crave; you shall have your songs, she another kind of reward." + }, + { + "id": 19518, + "la": "simul incipit ipse", + "en": "Therewith the sage begins." + }, + { + "id": 19519, + "la": "tum vero in numerum Faunosque ferasque videres ludere, tum rigidas motare cacumina quercus; nec tantum Phoebo gaudet Parnasia rupes, nec tantum Rhodope miratur et Ismarus Orphea", + "en": "Then indeed you might see Fauns and fierce beasts sporting in measured dance, and unbending oaks nodding their crests. Not so does the rock of Parnassus rejoice in Phoebus; not so do Rhodope and Ismarus marvel at their Orpheus." + }, + { + "id": 19520, + "la": "Namque canebat, uti magnum per inane coacta semina terrarumque animaeque marisque fuissent et liquidi simul ignis; ut his ex omnia primis, omnia et ipse tener mundi concreverit orbis; tum durare solum et discludere Nerea ponto coeperit et rerum paulatim sumere formas; iamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, altius utque cadant summotis nubibus imbres, incipiant silvae cum primum surgere cumque rara per ignaros errent animalia montis", + "en": "For he sang how, through the vast void, the seeds of earth, and air, and sea, and liquid fire withal were gathered together; how from these elements all nascent things, yes all, and even the young globe of the world grew together; how the earth began to harden, to shut off the Sea god in the deep, and little by little to assume the shapes of things; how next the lands are astounded at the new sun shining and how rains fall as the clouds are lifted higher, when first woods begin to arise and here and there living creatures move over mountains that know them not." + }, + { + "id": 19521, + "la": "Hinc lapides Pyrrhae iactos, Saturnia regna, Caucasiasque refert volucris furtumque Promethei", + "en": "Then he tells of the stones that Pyrrha threw, of Saturns reign, of Caucasian eagles, and the theft of Prometheus." + }, + { + "id": 19522, + "la": "his adiungit, Hylan nautae quo fonte relictum clamassent, ut litus Hyla, Hyla omne sonaret; et fortunatam, si numquam armenta fuissent, Pasiphan nivei solatur amore iuvenci", + "en": "To these he adds the tale of the spring where Hylas was left, and how the seamen called on him, till the whole shore echoed Hylas! Hylas! Now he consoles Pasipha'happy one, if herds had never been!'with her passion for the snowy bull." + }, + { + "id": 19523, + "la": "a, virgo infelix, quae te dementia cepit! mpr Proetides implerunt falsis mugitibus agros, at non tam turpis pecudum tamen ulla secuta concubitus, quamvis collo timuisset aratrum et saepe in levi quaesisset cornua fronte", + "en": "Ah, unhappy girl, what a madness has gripped you! The daughters of Proetus filled the fields with feigned lowings, yet not one was led by so foul a love for beasts, though each had feared to find the yoke on her neck and often looked for horns on her smooth brow." + }, + { + "id": 19524, + "la": "a, virgo infelix, tu nunc in montibus erras: ille latus niveum molli fultus hyacintho ilice sub nigra pallentis ruminat herbas aut aliquam in magno sequitur grege", + "en": "Ah! unhappy girl, now you roam the hills; he, pillowing his snowy side on soft hyacinths, under a dark ilex chews the pale grass, or courts some heifer in the populous herd." + }, + { + "id": 19525, + "la": "claudite, Nymphae, Dictaeae Nymphae, nemorum iam claudite saltus, si qua forte ferant oculis sese obvia nostris errabunda bovis vestigia; forsitan illum aut herba captum viridi aut armenta secutum perducant aliquae stabula ad Gortynia vaccae.", + "en": "Close, Nymphs, Nymphs of Dicte, close now the forest glades, if so, perchance, the bulls truant footsteps may meet my eyes; it may be that, tempted by a green meadow or following the herd, he will be led home by some cows to our Cretan stalls." + }, + { + "id": 19526, + "la": "Tum canit Hesperidum miratam mala puellam; tum Phathontiadas musco circumdat amarae corticis atque solo proceras erigit alnos", + "en": "Then he sings of the maid who marvelled at the apples of the Hesperides; then he encircles Phathons sisters in moss of bitter bark, and raises them from the ground as lofty alders." + }, + { + "id": 19527, + "la": "tum canit, errantem Permessi ad flumina Gallum Aonas in montis ut duxerit una sororum, utque viro Phoebi chorus adsurrexerit omnis; ut Linus haec illi divino carmine pastor, floribus atque apio crinis ornatus amaro, dixerit: hos tibi dant calamos, en accipe, Musae, Ascraeo quos ante seni, quibus ille solebat cantando rigidas deducere montibus ornos", + "en": "Then he sings of Gallus, wandering by the streams of Permessus'how one of the sisterhood led him to the Aonian hills, and how all the choir of Phoebus rose to do him honour; how Linus, a shepherd of immortal song, his locks crowned with flowers and bitter parsley, cried to him thus: These reeds'see, take them'the Muses give you'even those they once gave the old Ascraean, wherewith, as he sang, he would draw the unyielding ash trees down the mountain sides." + }, + { + "id": 19528, + "la": "his tibi Grynei nemoris dicatur origo, ne quis sit lucus, quo se plus iactet Apollo.", + "en": "With these do you tell of the birth of the Grynean wood, that there may be no grove wherein Apollo glories more." + }, + { + "id": 19529, + "la": "Quid loquar, aut Scyllam Nisi, quam fama secuta est candida succinctam latrantibus inguina monstris Dulichias vexasse rates et gurgite in alto a!", + "en": "Why tell how he sang of Scylla, daughter of Nisus, of whom is still told the story that, with howling monsters girt about her white waist, she harried the Ithacan barques, and in the swirling depths, alas!" + }, + { + "id": 19530, + "la": "timidos nautas canibus lacerasse marinis; aut ut mutatos Terei narraverit artus, quas illi Philomela dapes, quae dona pararit, quo cursu deserta petiverit et quibus ante infelix sua tecta super volitaverit alis?", + "en": "tore asunder the trembling sailors with her sea dogs? Or how he told of Tereus changed form, what feast, what gifts Philomela made ready for him, on what wise she sped to the desert, and with what wings, luckless one! she first hovered above her home?" + }, + { + "id": 19531, + "la": "Omnia quae Phoebo quondam meditante beatus audiit Eurotas iussitque ediscere lauros, ille canit (pulsae referunt ad sidera valles), cogere donec ovis stabulis numerumque referre iussit et invito processit Vesper Olympo", + "en": "All the songs that of old Phoebus rehearsed, while happy Eurotas listened and bade his laurels learn by heart'these Silenus sings. The re-echoing valleys fling them again to the stars, till Vesper gave the word to fold the flocks and tell their tale, as he set forth over an unwilling sky." + }, + { + "id": 19532, + "la": "Forte sub arguta consederat ilice Daphnis, compulerantque greges Corydon et Thyrsis in unum, Thyrsis ovis, Corydon distentas lacte capellas, ambo florentes aetatibus, Arcades ambo, et cantare pares et respondere parati", + "en": "Daphnis, it chanced, had made his seat beneath a whispering ilex, while Corydon and Thyrsis had driven their flocks together'Thyrsis his sheep, Corydon his goats swollen with milk'both in the bloom of life, Arcadians both, ready in a singing match to start, ready to make reply." + }, + { + "id": 19533, + "la": "huc mihi, dum teneras defendo a frigore myrtos, vir gregis ipse caper deerraverat, atque ego Daphnin aspicio", + "en": "To this place, while I sheltered my tender myrtles from the frost, my he-goat, the lord of the flock himself, had strayed; and I catch sight of Daphnis." + }, + { + "id": 19534, + "la": "ille ubi me contra videt, ocius inquit huc ades, o Meliboee: caper tibi salvus et haedi; et si quid cessare potes, requiesce sub umbra", + "en": "As he in turn saw me, Quick, he cries, come hither, Meliboeus; your goat and kids are safe, and if you can idle awhile, pray rest beneath the shade." + }, + { + "id": 19535, + "la": "huc ipsi potum venient per prata iuvenci, mpv hic viridis tenera praetexit harundine ripas Mincius, eque sacra resonant examina quercu.", + "en": "Hither your steers will of themselves come over the meadows to drink; here Mincius fringes his green banks with waving reeds, and from the hallowed oak swarm humming bees." + }, + { + "id": 19536, + "la": "Quid facerem? neque ego Alcippen nec Phyllida habebam, depulsos a lacte domi quae clauderet agnos; et certamen erat, Corydon cum Thyrside, magnum", + "en": "What could I do? I had no Alcippe or Phyllis to pen my new-weaned lambs at home; and the match'Corydon against Thyrsis'was a mighty one." + }, + { + "id": 19537, + "la": "posthabui tamen illorum mea seria ludo", + "en": "Still, I counted their sport above my work." + }, + { + "id": 19538, + "la": "alternis igitur contendere versibus ambo coepere, alternos Musae meminisse volebant", + "en": "So in alternate verses the pair began to compete: alternate verses the Muses chose to recall." + }, + { + "id": 19539, + "la": "hos Corydon, illos referebat in ordine Thyrsis", + "en": "These Corydon, those Thyrsis sang in turn." + }, + { + "id": 19540, + "la": "Nymphae, noster amor, Libethrides, aut mihi carmen, quale meo Codro, concedite (proxima Phoebi versibus ille facit); aut, si non possumus omnes, hic arguta sacra pendebit fistula pinu", + "en": "Ye Nymphs of Libethra, my delight, either grant me such a strain as ye granted my Codrus'his verses come nearest to Apollos'or, if such power is not for us all, here on the sacred pine shall hang my tuneful pipe." + }, + { + "id": 19541, + "la": "Pastores, hedera crescentem ornate poetam, Arcades, invidia rumpantur ut ilia Codro; aut, si ultra placitum laudarit, baccare frontem cingite, ne vati noceat mala lingua futuro", + "en": "Shepherds of Arcady, crown with ivy your rising bard, that Codrus sides may burst with envy; or, should he praise me unduly, wreathe my brow with foxglove, lest his evil tongue harm the bard that is to be." + }, + { + "id": 19542, + "la": "Saetosi caput hoc apri tibi, Delia, parvus et ramosa Micon vivacis cornua cervi", + "en": "Lady of Delos, young Micon offers you this head of a bristling boar and the branching antlers of a longlived stag." + }, + { + "id": 19543, + "la": "si proprium hoc fuerit, levi de marmore tota puniceo stabis suras evincta coturno", + "en": "If this fortune still abides, you shall stand full length in polished marble, your ankles bound high with purple buskins." + }, + { + "id": 19544, + "la": "Sinum lactis et haec te liba, Priape, quotannis exspectare sat est: custos es pauperis horti", + "en": "A bowl of milk, Priapus, and these cakes once a year, are all you can expect from me; the garden you watch is poor." + }, + { + "id": 19545, + "la": "nunc te marmoreum pro tempore fecimus; at tu, si fetura gregem suppleverit, aureus esto", + "en": "Now we have made you of marble for the time; but if births make full the flock, then you shall be of gold." + }, + { + "id": 19546, + "la": "Nerine Galatea, thymo mihi dulcior Hyblae, mp candidior cycnis, hedera formosior alba, cum primum pasti repetent praesepia tauri, si qua tui Corydonis habet te cura, venito", + "en": "Galatea, child of Nereus, sweeter to me than Hyblas thyme, whiter than the swan, lovelier than pale ivy, as soon as the bulls come back from pasture to the stalls, if you have any love for your Corydon, come to me!" + }, + { + "id": 19547, + "la": "Immo ego Sardoniis videar tibi amarior herbis, horridior rusco, proiecta vilior alga, si mihi non haec lux toto iam longior anno est", + "en": "Nay, let me seem to you more bitter than Sardinian herbs, more rough than gorse, viler than upcast seaweed, if even now I find not this day longer than a whole year." + }, + { + "id": 19548, + "la": "ite domum pasti, si quis pudor, ite iuvenci", + "en": "Go home, my well-fed steers, for very shame, go home!" + }, + { + "id": 19549, + "la": "corydon Muscosi fontes et somno mollior herba, et quae vos rara viridis tegit arbutus umbra, solstitium pecori defendite: iam venit aestas torrida, iam lento turgent in palmite gemmae", + "en": "You mossy springs, and lawns softer than sleep, and the green arbute that shields you with scanty shade, ward the noontide heat from my flock. Now comes the summers parching, now the buds swell on the pliant tendril." + }, + { + "id": 19550, + "la": "Hic focus et taedae pingues, hic plurimus ignis semper et adsidua postes fuligine nigri; hic tantum Boreae curamus frigora, quantum aut numerum lupus aut torrentia flumina ripas", + "en": "With me you will find a hearth and pitchy brands; with me a good fire ever blazing and doorposts black with many a layer of soot. Here we care as much for the chill blasts of Boreas as the wolf for the number of sheep or rushing torrents for their banks." + }, + { + "id": 19551, + "la": "corydon Stant et iuniperi et castaneae hirsutae, strata iacent passim sua quaeque sub arbore poma, omnia nunc rident: at si formosus Alexis montibus his abeat, videas et flumina sicca", + "en": "Here stand junipers and shaggy chestnuts; strewn beneath each tree lies its native fruit; now all nature smiles; but if fair Alexis should quit these hills you would see the very rivers dry." + }, + { + "id": 19552, + "la": "Aret ager, vitio moriens sitit aris herba, Liber pampineas invidit collibus umbras: Phyllidis adventu nostrae nemus omne virebit, Iuppiter et laeto descendet plurimus imbri", + "en": "The field is parched; the grass is athirst, dying in the tainted air; Bacchus has grudged the hills the shade of his vines: but at the coming of my Phyllis all the woodland will be green, and Jupiter, in his fullness, shall descend in gladsome showers." + }, + { + "id": 19553, + "la": "Populus Alcidae gratissima, vitis Iaccho, formosae myrtus Veneri, sua laurea Phoebo: Phyllis amat corylos; illas dum Phyllis amabit, nec myrtus vincet corylos nec laurea Phoebi", + "en": "Dearest is the poplar to Alcides, the vine to Bacchus, the myrtle to lovely Venus, and his own laurel to Phoebus. Phyllis loves hazels, and while Phyllis loves them, neither myrtle nor laurel of Phoebus shall outvie the hazels." + }, + { + "id": 19554, + "la": "Fraxinus in silvis pulcherrima, pinus in hortis, populus in fluviis, abies in montibus altis: saepius at si me, Lycida formose, revisas, fraxinus in silvis cedat tibi, pinus in hortis", + "en": "Fairest is the ash in the woodlands, the pine in the gardens, the poplar by rivers, the fir on mountaintops; but if you, lovely Lycidas, come often to me, the ash in the woodlands and the pine in the gardens would yield to you." + }, + { + "id": 19555, + "la": "Haec memini, et victum frustra contendere Thyrsin", + "en": "So much I remember, and how Thyrsis strove in vain against defeat." + }, + { + "id": 19556, + "la": "ex illo Corydon Corydon est tempore nobis", + "en": "From that day Corydon is the one and only Corydon for us." + }, + { + "id": 19557, + "la": "Pastorum Musam Damonis et Alphesiboei, immemor herbarum quos est mirata iuvenca certantis, quorum stupefactae carmine lynces, et mutata suos requierunt flumina cursus, Damonis Musam dicemus et Alphesiboei", + "en": "The pastoral Muse of Damon and Alphesiboeus, at whose rivalry the heifer marvelled and forgot to graze, at whose song lynxes stood spellbound, and rivers were changed and stayed their current'the Muse of Damon and Alphesiboeus I will sing." + }, + { + "id": 19558, + "la": "Tu mihi, seu magni superas iam saxa Timavi sive oram Illyrici legis aequoris,'en erit umquam ille dies, mihi cum liceat tua dicere facta?", + "en": "But you, whether you are already sailing past the rocks of great Timavus or coasting the shore of the Illyrian sea'say, will that day ever dawn when I may tell your deeds?" + }, + { + "id": 19559, + "la": "en erit ut liceat totum mihi ferre per orbem sola Sophocleo tua carmina digna coturno?", + "en": "Shall I be ever free to spread your songs throughout the world, that alone are worthy of the buskin of Sophocles?" + }, + { + "id": 19560, + "la": "a te principium, tibi desinam: accipe iussis carmina coepta tuis, atque hanc sine tempora circum inter victricis hederam tibi serpere lauros", + "en": "From you is my beginning; in your honour shall I end. Accept the songs essayed at your bidding, and grant that, amid the conquerors laurels, this ivy may creep about your brows." + }, + { + "id": 19561, + "la": "Frigida vix caelo noctis decesserat umbra, cum ros in tenera pecori gratissimus herba, incumbens tereti Damon sic coepit olivae", + "en": "Scarce had nights cool shade left the sky, what time the dew on the tender grass is sweetest to the flock, when, leaning on his shapely olive staff, Damon thus began:" + }, + { + "id": 19562, + "la": "Nascere, praeque diem veniens age, Lucifer, almum, coniugis indigno Nysae deceptus amore mpv dum queror et divos, quamquam nil testibus illis profeci, extrema moriens tamen adloquor hora", + "en": "Rise, O morning star, heralding genial day, while I, cheated in the love which my promised Nysa spurned, make lament, and, though their witnessing has availed me naught, yet, as I die, I call on the gods in this my latest hour." + }, + { + "id": 19563, + "la": "incipe Maenalios mecum, mea tibia, versus", + "en": "Begin with me, my flute, a song of Maenalus!" + }, + { + "id": 19564, + "la": "Maenalus argutumque nemus pinosque loquentis semper habet, semper pastorum ille audit amores Panaque, qui primus calamos non passus inertis", + "en": "Maenalus has ever tuneful groves and speaking pines; ever does he listen to shepherds loves and to Pan, who first awoke the idle reeds." + }, + { + "id": 19565, + "la": "incipe Maenalios mecum, mea tibia, versus", + "en": "Begin with me, my flute, a song of Maenalus!" + }, + { + "id": 19566, + "la": "Mopso Nysa datur: quid non speremus amantes? iungentur iam grypes equis, aevoque sequenti cum canibus timidi venient ad pocula dammae", + "en": "To Mopsus is Nysa given! For what may we lovers not look? Griffins now shall mate with mares, and, in the age to come, the timid deer shall come with hounds to drink." + }, + { + "id": 19567, + "la": "Mopse, novas incide faces: tibi ducitur uxor; sparge, marite, nuces: tibi deserit Hesperus Oetam", + "en": "Mopsus, cut new torches! For you they bring the bride! Scatter the nuts, bridegroom! For you the evening star quits Oeta!" + }, + { + "id": 19568, + "la": "incipe Maenalios mecum, mea tibia, versus", + "en": "Begin with me, my flute, a song of Maenalus!" + }, + { + "id": 19569, + "la": "o digno coniuncta viro, dum despicis omnes, dumque tibi est odio mea fistula, dumque capellae hirsutumque supercilium promissaque barba, nec curare deum credis mortalia quemquam", + "en": "O wedded to a worthy lord! even while you scorn all men, and while you hate my pipe and my goats, my shaggy eyebrows and unkempt beard, and think that no god recks aught of the deeds of men!" + }, + { + "id": 19570, + "la": "incipe Maenalios mecum, mea tibia, versus", + "en": "Begin with me, my flute, a song of Maenalus!" + }, + { + "id": 19571, + "la": "saepibus in nostris parvam te roscida mala (dux ego vester eram) vidi cum matre legentem", + "en": "Within our garden hedge I saw you'I was guide for both'a little child with your mother, gathering dewy apples." + }, + { + "id": 19572, + "la": "alter ab undecimo tum me iam acceperat annus, iam fragilis poteram a terra contingere ramos: ut vidi, ut perii, ut me malus abstulit error! incipe Maenalios mecum, mea tibia, versus", + "en": "My eleventh year ended, the next had just greeted me; from the ground I could now reach the frail boughs. In the moment I saw you I lost my heart, and a fatal frenzy swept me away. Begin with me, my flute, a song of Maenalus!" + }, + { + "id": 19573, + "la": "nunc scio quid sit Amor: nudis in cotibus illum aut Tmaros aut Rhodope aut extremi Garamantes mp nec generis nostri puerum nec sanguinis edunt", + "en": "Now I know what Love is; on naked rock Tmarus bore him'or Rhodope, or the farthest Garamantes'a child not of our race or blood!" + }, + { + "id": 19574, + "la": "incipe Maenalios mecum, mea tibia, versus", + "en": "Begin with me, my flute, a song of Maenalus!" + }, + { + "id": 19575, + "la": "saevus Amor docuit natorum sanguine matrem commaculare manus; crudelis tu quoque, mater", + "en": "Ruthless Love taught a mother to stain her hands in her childrens blood; cruel, too, were you, O mother." + }, + { + "id": 19576, + "la": "crudelis mater magis an puer improbus ille? improbus ille puer", + "en": "Who was the more cruel, the mother or that wicked boy? It was that wicked boy." + }, + { + "id": 19577, + "la": "crudelis tu quoque, mater", + "en": "Yet you too, mother, were cruel." + }, + { + "id": 19578, + "la": "incipe Maenalios mecum, mea tibia, versus", + "en": "Begin with me, my flute, a song of Maenalus!" + }, + { + "id": 19579, + "la": "nunc et ovis ultro fugiat lupus, aurea durae mala ferant quercus, narcisso floreat alnus, pinguia corticibus sudent electra myricae, certent et cycnis ululae, sit Tityrus Orpheus, Orpheus in silvis, inter delphinas Arion", + "en": "Now let the wolf even flee before the sheep, let rugged oaks bear golden apples, let alders bloom with daffodils, let tamarisks distil rich amber from their bark, let owls, too, vie with swans, let Tityrus be an Orpheus'an Orpheus in the woods, an Arion among the dolphins!" + }, + { + "id": 19580, + "la": "incipe Maenalios mecum, mea tibia, versus", + "en": "Begin with me, my flute, a song of Maenalus!" + }, + { + "id": 19581, + "la": "omnia vel medium fiat mare", + "en": "Nay, let all become mid-ocean!" + }, + { + "id": 19582, + "la": "vivite silvae: praeceps arii specula de montis in undas deferar; extremum hoc munus morientis habeto", + "en": "Farewell, ye woods! Headlong from some towering mountain peak I will throw myself into the waves; take this as my last dying gift!" + }, + { + "id": 19583, + "la": "desine Maenalios, iam desine, tibia, versus.", + "en": "Cease, my flute, now cease the song of Maenalus!" + }, + { + "id": 19584, + "la": "Haec Damon: vos, quae responderit Alphesiboeus, dicite, Pierides; non omnia possumus omnes", + "en": "Thus Damon. Tell, Pierian maids, the answer of Alphesiboeus; we cannot all do everything." + }, + { + "id": 19585, + "la": "Effer aquam et molli cinge haec altaria vitta verbenasque adole pinguis et mascula tura, coniugis ut magicis sanos avertere sacris experiar sensus; nihil hic nisi carmina desunt", + "en": "Bring out water, and wind soft wool round this altar; and burn rich herbs and male frankincense, that I may try with magic rites to turn to fire my lovers coldness of mood. Naught is lacking here save songs." + }, + { + "id": 19586, + "la": "ducite ab urbe domum, mea carmina, ducite Daphnin", + "en": "Bring Daphnis home from town, bring him, my songs!" + }, + { + "id": 19587, + "la": "carmina vel caelo possunt deducere lunam, carminibus Circe socios mutavit Ulixi, frigidus in pratis cantando rumpitur anguis", + "en": "Songs can even draw the moon down from heaven; by songs Circe transformed the comrades of Ulysses; with song the cold snake in the meadows is burst asunder." + }, + { + "id": 19588, + "la": "ducite ab urbe domum, mea carmina, ducite Daphnin", + "en": "Bring Daphnis home from town, bring him, my songs!" + }, + { + "id": 19589, + "la": "terna tibi haec primum triplici diversa colore licia circumdo, terque haec altaria circum effigiem duco; numero deus impare gaudet", + "en": "Three threads here I first tie round you, marked with three different hues, and three times round this altar I draw your image. In an uneven number heaven delights." + }, + { + "id": 19590, + "la": "necte tribus nodis ternos, Amarylli, colores; necte, Amarylli, modo et Veneris dic vincula necto.", + "en": "Weave, Amaryllis, three hues in three knots; weave them, Amaryllis, I beg, and say, Chains of love I weave!" + }, + { + "id": 19591, + "la": "ducite ab urbe domum, mea carmina, ducite Daphnin", + "en": "Bring Daphnis home from town, bring him, my songs!" + }, + { + "id": 19592, + "la": "limus ut hic durescit et haec ut cera liquescit uno eodemque igni, sic nostro Daphnis amore", + "en": "As this clay hardens, and as this wax melts in one and the same flame, so may Daphnis melt with love for me!" + }, + { + "id": 19593, + "la": "sparge molam et fragilis incende bitumine laurus", + "en": "Sprinkle meal, and kindle the crackling bays with pitch." + }, + { + "id": 19594, + "la": "Daphnis me malus urit, ego hanc in Daphnide laurum", + "en": "Me cruel Daphnis burns; for Daphnis burn I this laurel." + }, + { + "id": 19595, + "la": "ducite ab urbe domum, mea carmina, ducite Daphnin", + "en": "Bring Daphnis home from town, bring him, my songs!" + }, + { + "id": 19596, + "la": "talis amor Daphnin, qualis cum fessa iuvencum per nemora atque altos quaerendo bucula lucos propter aquae rivum viridi procumbit in ulva perdita, nec serae meminit decedere nocti, talis amor teneat, nec sit mihi cura mederi", + "en": "May such longing seize Daphnis as when a heifer, jaded with the search for her mate amid woods and deep groves, sinks down by a brook in the green sedge all forlorn, nor thinks to withdraw before nights late hour'may such longing seize him, and may I care not to heal it!" + }, + { + "id": 19597, + "la": "ducite ab urbe domum, mea carmina, ducite Daphnin", + "en": "Bring Daphnis home from town, bring him, my songs!" + }, + { + "id": 19598, + "la": "has olim exuvias mihi perfidus ille reliquit, pignora cara sui: quae nunc ego limine in ipso, Terra, tibi mando; debent haec pignora Daphnin", + "en": "These relics that traitor once left me, dear pledges for himself. Now, on my very threshold, I commit them, Earth, to you. These pledges make Daphnis my due." + }, + { + "id": 19599, + "la": "ducite ab urbe domum, mea carmina, ducite Daphnin", + "en": "Bring Daphnis home from town, bring him, my songs!" + }, + { + "id": 19600, + "la": "has herbas atque haec Ponto mihi lecta venena ipse dedit Moeris (nascuntur plurima Ponto), his ego saepe lupum fieri et se condere silvis", + "en": "These herbs and these poisons, culled in Pontus, Moeris himself gave me'they grow plenteously in Pontus. By their aid I have oft seen Moeris turn wolf and hide in the woods," + }, + { + "id": 19601, + "la": "Moerim, saepe animas imis excire sepulcris atque satas alio vidi traducere messis", + "en": "oft call spirits from the depth of the grave, and charm sown corn away to other fields." + }, + { + "id": 19602, + "la": "ducite ab urbe domum, mea carmina, ducite Daphnin", + "en": "Bring Daphnis home from town, bring him, my songs!" + }, + { + "id": 19603, + "la": "fer cineres, Amarylli, foras rivoque fluenti transque caput iace, nec respexeris", + "en": "Carry forth the embers, Amaryllis, and toss them over your head into a running brook; and look not back." + }, + { + "id": 19604, + "la": "his ego Daphnin adgrediar; nihil ille deos, nil carmina curat", + "en": "With their aid I will assail Daphnis; he recks naught of gods or songs." + }, + { + "id": 19605, + "la": "ducite ab urbe domum, mea carmina, ducite Daphnin", + "en": "Bring Daphnis home from town, bring him, my songs!" + }, + { + "id": 19606, + "la": "aspice, corripuit tremulis altaria flammis sponte sua, dum ferre moror, cinis ipse", + "en": "Look! the ash itself, while I delay to carry it forth, has of its own accord caught the shrines with quivering flames." + }, + { + "id": 19607, + "la": "bonum sit! nescio quid certe est, et Hylax in limine latrat", + "en": "Be the omen good! Tis something surely, and Hylax is barking at the gate." + }, + { + "id": 19608, + "la": "credimus? an, qui amant, ipsi sibi somnia fingunt? parcite, ab urbe venit, iam parcite, carmina, Daphnis", + "en": "Can I trust my eyes? Or do lovers fashion their own dreams? Cease! Daphnis comes home from town; cease now, my songs!" + }, + { + "id": 19609, + "la": "Quo te, Moeri, pedes? an, quo via ducit, in urbem? moeris O Lycida, vivi pervenimus, advena nostri (quod numquam veriti sumus) ut possessor agelli diceret: haec mea sunt; veteres migrate coloni.", + "en": "Whither afoot, Moeris? Is it, where the path leads, to town? moeris O Lycidas, we have lived to see the day'an evil never dreamed'when a stranger, holder of our little farm, could say: This is mine; begone, old tenants!" + }, + { + "id": 19610, + "la": "nunc victi, tristes, quoniam Fors omnia versat, hos illi (quod nec vertat bene) mittimus haedos", + "en": "Now, beaten and cowed, since Chance rules all, we send him these kids'our curse go with them!" + }, + { + "id": 19611, + "la": "Certe equidem audieram, qua se subducere colles incipiunt mollique iugum demittere clivo, usque ad aquam et veteres, iam fracta cacumina, fagos omnia carminibus vestrum servasse Menalcan", + "en": "Yet surely I had heard that, from where the hills begin to rise, then sink their ridge in a gentle slope, down to the water and the old beeches with their now shattered tops, your Menalcas had with his songs saved all." + }, + { + "id": 19612, + "la": "moeris Audieras, et fama fuit; sed carmina tantum nostra valent, Lycida, tela inter Martia, quantum Chaonias dicunt aquila veniente columbas", + "en": "You had heard, and so the story ran. But amid the weapons of war, Lycidas, our songs avail as much as, they say, Dodonas doves when the eagle comes." + }, + { + "id": 19613, + "la": "quod nisi me quacumque novas incidere lites ante sinistra cava monuisset ab ilice cornix, nec tuus hic Moeris, nec viveret ipse Menalcas", + "en": "So, had not a raven on the left first warned me from the hollow oak to cut short, as best I might, this new dispute, neither your Moeris here nor Menalcas himself would be alive." + }, + { + "id": 19614, + "la": "Heu, cadit in quemquam tantum scelus?", + "en": "Alas! can any man be guilty of such a crime?" + }, + { + "id": 19615, + "la": "heu, tua nobis paene simul tecum solacia rapta, Menalca?", + "en": "Alas! was the solace of your songs, Menalcas, almost torn from us, along with yourself?" + }, + { + "id": 19616, + "la": "quis caneret Nymphas?", + "en": "Who would sing the Nymphs?" + }, + { + "id": 19617, + "la": "quis humum florentibus herbis spargeret aut viridi fontis induceret umbra?", + "en": "Who would strew the turf with flowery herbage, or curtain the springs with green shade?" + }, + { + "id": 19618, + "la": "vel quae sublegi tacitus tibi carmina nuper, cum te ad delicias ferres, Amaryllida, nostras?", + "en": "Or those songs I slyly caught from you the other day, when you were off to our darling Amaryllis?" + }, + { + "id": 19619, + "la": "Tityre, dum redeo (brevis est via) pasce capellas, et potum pastas age, Tityre, et inter agendum occursare capro (cornu ferit ille) caveto.", + "en": "Tityrus, till I return'the way is short'feed my goats; and when fed, drive them, Tityrus, to water, and in driving, have a care not to get in the he-goats way'he butts with his horn." + }, + { + "id": 19620, + "la": "Immo haec, quae Varo necdum perfecta canebat: Vare, tuum nomen, superet modo Mantua nobis, Mantua vae miserae nimium vicina Cremonae, cantantes sublime ferent ad sidera cycni", + "en": "Why not these lines, still unfinished, which he sang to Varus: Varus, your name, let but Mantua be spared us'Mantua, alas! too near ill-fated Cremona'singing swans shall bear aloft to the stars." + }, + { + "id": 19621, + "la": "Sic tua Cyrneas fugiant examina taxos, sic cytiso pastae distendant ubera vaccae: incipe, si quid habes", + "en": "As you would have your swarms shun the yews of Corsica, and your heifers browse on clover and swell their udders, begin, if you have aught to sing." + }, + { + "id": 19622, + "la": "et me fecere poetam Pierides, sunt et mihi carmina, me quoque dicunt vatem pastores; sed non ego credulus illis", + "en": "Me, too, the Pierian maids have made a poet; I, too, have songs; me also the shepherds call a bard, but I trust them not." + }, + { + "id": 19623, + "la": "nam neque adhuc Vario videor nec dicere Cinna digna, sed argutos inter strepere anser olores", + "en": "For as yet, methinks, I sing nothing worthy of a Varius or a Cinna, but cackle as a goose among melodious swans." + }, + { + "id": 19624, + "la": "Id quidem ago et tacitus, Lycida, mecum ipse voluto, si valeam meminisse; neque est ignobile carmen", + "en": "Thats what Im about, Lycidas, silently turning it over in my mind, in case I can recall it. And no mean song it is." + }, + { + "id": 19625, + "la": "huc ades, o Galatea; quis est nam ludus in undis? hic ver purpureum, varios hic flumina circum fundit humus flores, hic candida populus antro imminet et lentae texunt umbracula vites: huc ades; insani feriant sine litora fluctus.", + "en": "Come to me, Galatea! What pleasure lives in waves? Here is rosy spring; here, by the streams, Earth scatters her flowers of a thousand hues; here the white poplar bends over the cave, and the clinging vines weave shady bowers. Come to me; leave the wild waves to lash the shore." + }, + { + "id": 19626, + "la": "Quid, quae te pura solum sub nocte canentem audieram? numeros memini, si verba tenerem", + "en": "What of the lines I heard you singing alone beneath the cloudless night? The tune I remember, could I but keep the words." + }, + { + "id": 19627, + "la": "Daphni, quid antiquos signorum suspicis ortus? ecce Dionaei processit Caesaris astrum, astrum, quo segetes gauderent frugibus et quo duceret apricis in collibus uva colorem", + "en": "Daphnis, why are you gazing at the old constellations rising? See! the star 21 of Caesar, seed of Dione, has gone forth'the star to make the fields glad with corn, and the grape deepen its hue on the sunny hills." + }, + { + "id": 19628, + "la": "insere, Daphni, piros; carpent tua poma nepotes.", + "en": "Graft your pears, Daphnis; your childrens children shall gather the fruits you have sown." + }, + { + "id": 19629, + "la": "", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 19630, + "la": "Omnia fert aetas, animum quoque; saepe ego longos cantando puerum memini me condere soles: nunc oblita mihi tot carmina: vox quoque Moerin iam fugit ipsa; lupi Moerin videre priores", + "en": "Time robs us of all, even of memory; oft as a boy I recall that with song I would lay the long summer days to rest. Now I have forgotten all my songs. Even voice itself now fails Moeris; the wolves have seen Moeris first." + }, + { + "id": 19631, + "la": "sed tamen ista satis referet tibi saepe Menalcas", + "en": "Still Menalcas will repeat you your songs, often as you will." + }, + { + "id": 19632, + "la": "Causando nostros in longum ducis amores", + "en": "Your pleas merely increase my longing." + }, + { + "id": 19633, + "la": "et nunc omne tibi stratum silet aequor, et omnes, aspice, ventosi ceciderunt murmuris aurae", + "en": "Now the whole sea plain lies hushed to hear you, and lo! every breath of the murmuring breeze is dead." + }, + { + "id": 19634, + "la": "hinc adeo media est nobis via; namque sepulcrum incipit apparere Bianoris", + "en": "Just from here lies half our journey, for Bianors tomb is coming into view." + }, + { + "id": 19635, + "la": "hic, ubi densas agricolae stringunt frondes, hic, Moeri, canamus; hic haedos depone, tamen veniemus in urbem", + "en": "Here, where the farmers are lopping the thick leaves'here, Moeris, let us sing. Here put down the kids'we shall reach the town all the same." + }, + { + "id": 19636, + "la": "aut si, nox pluviam ne colligat ante, veremur, cantantes licet usque (minus via laedit) eamus; cantantes ut eamus, ego hoc te fasce levabo", + "en": "Or if we fear that night may first bring on rain, we may yet go singing on our way'it makes the road less irksome. So that we may go singing on our way, I will relieve you of this burden." + }, + { + "id": 19637, + "la": "moeris Desine plura, puer, et quod nunc instat agamus; carmina tum melius, cum venerit ipse, canemus", + "en": "Say no more, lad; let us to the task in hand. Our songs we shall sing the better, when the master himself has come." + }, + { + "id": 19638, + "la": "Extremum hunc, Arethusa, mihi concede laborem: pauca meo Gallo, sed quae legat ipsa Lycoris, carmina sunt dicenda: neget quis carmina Gallo? sic tibi, cum fluctus subterlabere Sicanos, Doris amara suam non intermisceat undam, incipe; sollicitos Galli dicamus amores, dum tenera attondent simae virgulta capellae", + "en": "My last task this'vouchsafe me it, Arethusa! A few verses I must sing for my Gallus, yet such as Lycoris herself may read! Who would refuse verses to Gallus? If, when you glide beneath Sicilian waves, you would not have briny Doris blend her stream with yours, begin! Let us tell of Gallus anxious loves, while the blunt-nosed goats crop the tender shrubs." + }, + { + "id": 19639, + "la": "non canimus surdis, respondent omnia silvae", + "en": "We sing to no deaf ears; the woods echo every note." + }, + { + "id": 19640, + "la": "Quae nemora aut qui vos saltus habuere, puellae mpr Nades, indigno cum Gallus amore peribat? nam neque Parnasi vobis iuga, nam neque Pindi ulla moram fecere, neque Aonie Aganippe", + "en": "What groves, what glades were your abode, you virgin Naiads, when Gallus was pining with unrequited love? For no heights of Parnassus or of Pindus, no Aonian Aganippe made you tarry." + }, + { + "id": 19641, + "la": "illum etiam lauri, etiam flevere myricae, pinifer illum etiam sola sub rupe iacentem Maenalus, et gelidi fleverunt saxa Lycaei", + "en": "For him even the laurels, even the tamarisks wept. For him, as he lay beneath a lonely rock, even pine-crowned Maenalus wept, and the crags of cold Lycaeus." + }, + { + "id": 19642, + "la": "stant et oves circum (nostri nec paenitet illas, nec te paeniteat pecoris, divine poeta: et formosus ovis ad flumina pavit Adonis)", + "en": "The sheep, too, stand around'they think no shame of us, and think you no shame of the flock, heavenly poet; even fair Adonis fed sheep beside the streams." + }, + { + "id": 19643, + "la": "venit et upilio, tardi venere subulci, uvidus hiberna venit de glande Menalcas", + "en": "The shepherd came, too; slowly the swineherds came; Menalcas came, dripping, from the winters mast." + }, + { + "id": 19644, + "la": "omnes unde amor iste rogant tibi? venit Apollo: Galle, quid insanis? inquit", + "en": "All ask: Whence this love of yours? Apollo came. Gallus, he said, what madness this?" + }, + { + "id": 19645, + "la": "tua cura Lycoris perque nives alium perque horrida castra secuta est.", + "en": "Your sweetheart Lycoris has followed another amid snows and amid rugged camps." + }, + { + "id": 19646, + "la": "venit et agresti capitis Silvanus honore, florentis ferulas et grandia lilia quassans", + "en": "Silvanus came, with rustic glories on his brow, waving his fennel flowers and tall lilies." + }, + { + "id": 19647, + "la": "Pan deus Arcadiae venit, quem vidimus ipsi sanguineis ebuli bacis minioque rubentem: ecquis erit modus? inquit", + "en": "Pan came, Arcadys god, and we ourselves saw him, crimsoned with vermilion and blood-red elderberries. Will there be no end? he cried." + }, + { + "id": 19648, + "la": "Amor non talia curat: nec lacrimis crudelis Amor nec gramina rivis nec cytiso saturantur apes nec fronde capellae.", + "en": "Love recks naught of this: neither is cruel Love sated with tears, nor the grass with the rills, nor bees with the clover, nor goats with leaves." + }, + { + "id": 19649, + "la": "Tristis at ille tamen cantabitis, Arcades inquit, montibus haec vestris; soli cantare periti Arcades", + "en": "But sadly Gallus replied: Yet you, Arcadians, will sing this tale to your mountains; Arcadians only know how to sing." + }, + { + "id": 19650, + "la": "o mihi tum quam molliter ossa quiescant, vestra meos olim fetsi fistula dicat amores! atque utinam ex vobis unus vestrique fuissem aut custos gregis aut maturae vinitor uvae! certe sive mihi Phyllis sive esset Amyntas", + "en": "How softly then would my bones repose, if in other days your pipes should tell my love! And oh that I had been one of you, the shepherd of a flock of yours, or the dresser of your ripened grapes! Surely, my darling, whether it were Phyllis or Amyntas," + }, + { + "id": 19651, + "la": "seu quicumque furor (quid tum, si fuscus Amyntas? et nigrae violae sunt et vaccinia nigra), mecum inter salices lenta sub vite iaceret; serta mihi Phyllis legeret, cantaret Amyntas", + "en": "or whoever it were'and what if Amyntas be dark? violets, too, are black and black are hyacinths'my darling would be lying at my side among the willows, and under the creeping vine above'Phyllis plucking me flowers for a garland, Amyntas singing me songs." + }, + { + "id": 19652, + "la": "hic gelidi fontes, hic mollia prata, Lycori, hic nemus; hic ipso tecum consumerer aevo", + "en": "Here are cold springs, Lycoris, here soft meadows, here woodland; here with you, only the passage of time would wear me away." + }, + { + "id": 19653, + "la": "nunc insanus amor duri me Martis in armis tela inter media atque adversos detinet hostis: tu procul a patria (nec sit mihi credere tantum) Alpinas, a! dura, nives et frigora Rheni me sine sola vides", + "en": "But now a mad passion for the stern god of war keeps me in arms, amid clashing steel and fronting foes; while you, far from your native soil'O that I could but disbelieve such a tale!'gaze, heartless one, on Alpine snows and the frozen Rhine, apart from me, all alone." + }, + { + "id": 19654, + "la": "a, te ne frigora laedant! a, tibi ne teneras glacies secet aspera plantas! Ibo et Chalcidico quae sunt mihi condita versu carmina pastoris Siculi modulabor avena", + "en": "Ah, may the frosts not harm you! Ah, may the jagged ice not cut your tender feet! I will be gone, and the strains I composed in Chalcidian verse I will play on a Sicilian shepherds pipe." + }, + { + "id": 19655, + "la": "certum est in silvis, inter spelaea ferarum, malle pati tenerisque meos incidere amores arboribus: crescent illae, crescetis, amores", + "en": "Well I know that in the woods, amid wild beasts dens, it is better to suffer and carve my love on the young trees. They will grow, and you, my love, will grow with them." + }, + { + "id": 19656, + "la": "interea mixtis lustrabo Maenala Nymphis, aut acris venabor apros", + "en": "Meanwhile, I will roam with the Nymphs on Maenalus, or hunt fierce boars." + }, + { + "id": 19657, + "la": "non me ulla vetabunt frigora Parthenios canibus circumdare saltus", + "en": "No frosts will stay me from surrounding with my hounds the glades of Parthenius." + }, + { + "id": 19658, + "la": "iam mihi per rupes videor lucosque sonantis ire; libet Partho torquere Cydonia cornu spicula'tamquam haec sit nostri medicina furoris, aut deus ille malis hominum mitescere discat", + "en": "Already I see myself traversing rocks and echoing groves; it is a joy to shoot the Cretan shaft from my Parthian bow! As if this could heal my frenzy, or as if that god could learn pity for human sorrows!" + }, + { + "id": 19659, + "la": "iam neque Hamadryades rursus neque carmina nobis ipsa placent; ipsae rursus concedite silvae", + "en": "Once more Hamadryads and even songs have lost their charms for me; once more farewell, even ye woods!" + }, + { + "id": 19660, + "la": "non illum nostri possunt mutare labores, nec si frigoribus mediis Hebrumque bibamus Sithoniasque nives hiemis subeamus aquosae, nec si, cum moriens alta liber aret in ulmo, Aethiopum versemus ovis sub sidere Cancri", + "en": "No toils of ours can change that god, not though amid the keenest frosts we drink the Hebrus and brave the Thracian snows and wintry sleet, not though, when the dying bark withers on the lofty elm, we drive to and fro the Ethiopians sheep beneath the star of Cancer!" + }, + { + "id": 19661, + "la": "omnia vincit Amor: et nos cedamus Amori.", + "en": "Love conquers all; let us, too, yield to Love!" + }, + { + "id": 19662, + "la": "Haec sat erit, divae, vestrum cecinisse poetam, dum sedet et gracili fiscellam texit hibisco, Pierides: vos haec facietis maxima Gallo, Gallo, cuius amor tantum mihi crescit in horas, quantum vere novo viridis se subicit alnus", + "en": "These strains, Muses divine, it will be enough for your bard to have sung, as he sits and weaves a basket of slender willow. These strains ye shall make of highest worth in Gallus eyes'Gallus, for whom my love grows from hour to hour as fast as the green alder shoots up when spring is young." + }, + { + "id": 19663, + "la": "surgamus: solet esse gravis cantantibus umbra, iuniperi gravis umbra; nocent et frugibus umbrae", + "en": "Let us arise. The shade is oft perilous to the singer'perilous the junipers shade, hurtful the shade even to the crops." + }, + { + "id": 19664, + "la": "ite domum saturae, venit Hesperus, ite capellae", + "en": "Get home, my full-fed goats, get home'the Evening Star draws on." + }, + { + "id": 19665, + "la": "Quid faciat laetas segetes, quo sidere terram vertere, Maecenas, ulmisque adiungere vites conveniat, quae cura boum, qui cultus habendo sit pecori, apibus quanta experientia parcis, hinc canere incipiam", + "en": "What makes the crops joyous, beneath what star, Maecenas, it is well to turn the soil, and wed vines to elms, what tending the cattle need, what care the herd in breeding, what skill the thrifty bees'hence shall I begin my song." + }, + { + "id": 19666, + "la": "vos, o clarissima mundi lumina, labentem caelo quae ducitis annum; Liber et alma Ceres, vestro si munere tellus Chaoniam pingui glandem mutavit arista, poculaque inventis Acheloia miscuit uvis; et vos, agrestum praesentia numina, Fauni (ferte simul Faunique pedem Dryadesque puellae!): munera vestra cano", + "en": "O most radiant lights of the firmament, that guide through heaven the gliding year, O Liber and bounteous Ceres, if by your grace Earth changed Chaonias acorn for the rich corn ear, and blended draughts of Achelous with the new-found grapes, and you Fauns, the rustics ever present gods (come trip it, Fauns, and Dryad maids withal!), tis of your bounties I sing." + }, + { + "id": 19667, + "la": "tuque o, cui prima frementem fudit equum magno tellus percussa tridenti, Neptune; et cultor nemorum, cui pinguia Ceae ter centum nivei tondent dumeta iuvenci; ipse, nemus linquens patrium saltusque Lycaei, Pan, ovium custos, tua si tibi Maenala curae, adsis, o Tegeaee, favens, oleaeque Minerva inventrix, uncique puer monstrator aratri, et teneram ab radice ferens, Silvane, cupressum; dique deaeque omnes, studium quibus arva tueri, quique novas alitis non ullo semine fruges, quique satis largum caelo demittitis imbrem", + "en": "And Neptune, for whom Earth, smitten by your mighty trident, first sent forth the neighing steed; you, too, spirit of the groves, 2 for whom thrice a hundred snowy steers crop Ceas rich thickets; you too, Pan, guardian of the sheep, leaving your native woods and glades of Lycaeus, as you love your own Maenalus, come of your grace, Tegean lord! Come, Minerva, inventress of the olive; you, too, youth, who showed to man the crooked, plough; and you, Silvanus, with a young uprooted cypress in your hand; and gods and goddesses all, whose love guards our fields'both you who nurse the young fruits, springing up unsown, and you who on the seedlings send down from heaven plenteous rain!" + }, + { + "id": 19668, + "la": "tuque adeo, quem mox quae sint habitura deorum concilia incertum est, urbesne invisere, Caesar, terrarumque velis curam, et te maximus orbis auctorem frugum tempestatumque potentem accipiat, cingens materna tempora myrto; an deus immensi venias maris ac tua nautae numina sola colant, tibi serviat ultima Thule, teque sibi generum Tethys emat omnibus undis; anne novum tardis sidus te mensibus addas, qua locus Erigonen inter Chelasque sequentis panditur (ipse tibi iam bracchia contrahit ardens Scorpios et caeli iusta plus parte reliquit): quidquid eris (nam te nec sperant Tartara regem nec tibi regnandi veniat tam dira cupido, quamvis Elysios miretur Graecia campos nec repetita sequi curet Proserpina matrem), da facilem cursum atque audacibus adnue coeptis, ampr ignarosque viae mecum miseratus agrestis ingredere et votis iam nunc adsuesce vocari", + "en": "And you above all, Caesar, whom we know not what company of the gods shall claim ere long; whether you choose to watch over cities and care for our lands, that so the great globe may receive you as the giver of increase and lord of the seasons, wreathing your brows with your mothers myrtle; whether you come as god of the boundless sea and sailors worship your deity alone, while farthest Thule owns your lordship and Tethys with the dowry of all her waves buys you to wed her daughter; or whether you add yourself as a new star to the lingering months, where, between the Virgin and the grasping Claws, a space is opening (lo! for you even now the blazing Scorpion draws in his arms, and has left more than a due portion of the heaven!)'whatever you are to be (for Tartarus hopes not for you as king, and may such monstrous lust of empire never seize you, though Greece is enchanted by the Elysian fields, and Proserpine reclaimed cares not to follow her mother), grant me a calm voyage, give assent to my bold emprise, and pitying with me the rustics who know not their way, enter upon your kingdom, and learn even now to hearken to our prayers!" + }, + { + "id": 19669, + "la": "Vere novo, gelidus canis cum montibus umor liquitur et Zephyro putris se glaeba resolvit, depresso incipiat iam tum mihi taurus aratro ingemere, et sulco attritus splendescere vomer", + "en": "In the dawning spring, when icy streams trickle from snowy mountains, and the crumbling clod breaks at the Zephyrs touch, even then would I have my bull groan over the deep-driven plough, and the share glisten when rubbed by the furrow." + }, + { + "id": 19670, + "la": "illa seges demum votis respondet avari agricolae, bis quae solem, bis frigora sensit; illius immensae ruperunt horrea messes", + "en": "That field only answers the covetous farmers prayer which twice has felt the sun and twice the frost; from it boundless harvests burst the granaries." + }, + { + "id": 19671, + "la": "ac prius ignotum ferro quam scindimus aequor, ventos et varium caeli praediscere morem cura sit ac patrios cultusque habitusque locorum, et quid quaeque ferat regio et quid quaeque recuset", + "en": "And ere our iron cleaves an unknown plain, be it first our care to learn the winds and the wavering moods of the sky, the wonted tillage and nature of the ground, what each clime yields and what each disowns." + }, + { + "id": 19672, + "la": "hic segetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae, arborei fetus alibi, atque iniussa virescunt gramina", + "en": "Here corn, there grapes spring more luxuriantly; elsewhere young trees shoot up, and grasses unbidden." + }, + { + "id": 19673, + "la": "nonne vides, croceos ut Tmolus odores, India mittit ebur, molles sua tura Sabaei, at Chalybes nudi ferrum, virosaque Pontus castorea, Eliadum palmas Epiros equarum? continuo has leges aeternaque foedera certis imposuit natura locis, quo tempore primum Deucalion vacuum lapides iactavit in orbem, unde homines nati, durum genus", + "en": "See you not, how Tmolus sends us saffron fragrance, India her ivory, the soft Sabaeans their frankincense; but the naked Chalybes give us iron, Pontus the strong-smelling beavers oil, and Epirus the Olympian victories of her mares? From the first, Nature laid these laws and eternal covenants on certain lands, even from the day when Deucalion threw stones into the empty world, whence sprang men, a stony race." + }, + { + "id": 19674, + "la": "ergo age, terrae pingue solum primis extemplo a mensibus anni fortes invertant tauri, glaebasque iacentis pulverulenta coquat maturis solibus aestas; at si non fuerit tellus fecunda, sub ipsum Arcturum tenui sat erit suspendere sulco: illic, officiant laetis ne frugibus herbae, hic, sterilem exiguus ne deserat umor harenam", + "en": "Come then, and where the earths soil is rich, let your stout oxen upturn it straightway, in the years first months, and let the clods lie for dusty summer to bake with her ripening suns; but should the land not be fruitful, it will suffice, on the eve of Arcturus rising, to raise it lightly with shallow furrow'in the one case, that weeds may not choke the gladsome corn; in the other, that the scant moisture may not desert the barren sand." + }, + { + "id": 19675, + "la": "Alternis idem tonsas cessare novalis et segnem patiere situ durescere campum; aut ibi flava seres mutato sidere farra, unde prius laetum siliqua quassante legumen aut tenuis fetus viciae tristisque lupini sustuleris fragilis calamos silvamque sonantem", + "en": "In alternate seasons you will also let your fields lie fallow after reaping, and the plain idly stiffen with scurf; or, beneath another star, sow yellow corn in lands whence you have first carried off the pulse that rejoices in its quivering pods, or the fruits of the slender vetch, or the brittle stalks and rattling tangle of the bitter lupine." + }, + { + "id": 19676, + "la": "urit enim lini campum seges, urit avenae, urunt Lethaeo perfusa papavera somno: sed tamen alternis facilis labor, arida tantum ne saturare fimo pingui pudeat sola neve effetos cinerem immundum iactare per agros", + "en": "For a crop of flax parches the ground; oats parch it, and poppies, steeped in Lethes slumber. Yet by changing crops the toil is light: only be not ashamed to feed fat the dried-out soil with rich dung, and to scatter grimy ashes over the exhausted fields." + }, + { + "id": 19677, + "la": "sic quoque mutatis requiescunt fetibus arva, nec nulla interea est inaratae gratia terrae", + "en": "Thus also, with change of crop, the land finds rest, and meanwhile not thankless is the unploughed earth." + }, + { + "id": 19678, + "la": "saepe etiam steriles incendere profuit agros atque levem stipulam crepitantibus urere flammis; sive inde occultas vires et pabula terrae pinguia concipiunt, sive illis omne per ignem excoquitur vitium atque exsudat inutilis umor, seu pluris calor ille vias et caeca relaxat spiramenta, novas veniat qua sucus in herbas, seu durat magis et venas adstringit hiantis, ne tenues pluviae rapidive potentia solis acrior aut Boreae penetrabile frigus adurat", + "en": "Often, too, it has been useful to fire barren fields, and burn the light stubble in crackling flames; whether it be that the earth derives thence hidden strength and rich nutriment, or that in the flame every taint is baked out and the useless moisture sweats from it, or that that heat opens fresh paths and loosens hidden pores, by which the sap may reach the tender blades, or that it rather hardens the soil and narrows the gaping veins, that so the searching showers may not harm, or the blazing suns fierce tyranny wither it, or the North Winds piercing cold." + }, + { + "id": 19679, + "la": "Multum adeo, rastris glaebas qui frangit inertis vimineasque trahit crates, iuvat arva, neque illum flava Ceres alto nequiquam spectat Olympo; et qui, proscisso quae suscitat aequore terga, rursus in obliquum verso perrumpit aratro exercetque frequens tellurem atque imperat arvis", + "en": "Much service does he do the land who with the mattock breaks up the sluggish clods, and drags over it hurdles of osier; nor is it without reward that golden Ceres looks on him from Olympian heights. Much service, too, does he who turns his plough and again breaks crosswise through the ridges which he raised when first he cut the plain, ever at his post to discipline the ground, and give his orders to the fields." + }, + { + "id": 19680, + "la": "Umida solstitia atque hiemes orate serenas, agricolae: hiberno laetissima pulvere farra, laetus ager; nullo tantum se Mysia cultu iactat et ipsa suas mirantur Gargara messes", + "en": "For moist summers and sunny winters, pray, farmers! With winters dust most gladsome is the corn, gladsome is the field: under no tillage does Mysia so glory, and then even Gargarus marvels at his own harvests." + }, + { + "id": 19681, + "la": "quid dicam, iacto qui semine comminus arva insequitur cumulosque ruit male pinguis harenae, deinde satis fluvium inducit rivosque sequentis et, cum exustus ager morientibus aestuat herbis, ecce supercilio clivosi tramitis undam elicit? illa cadens raucum per levia murmur saxa ciet, scatebrisque arentia temperat arva", + "en": "Need I tell of him who flings the seed, then, hoe in hand, closes with the soil, and levels the hillocks of barren sand; then brings to his crops the rills of the stream he guides, and when the scorched land swelters, the green blades dying, lo, from the brow of the channelled slope decoys the water? Down it falls, and waking a hoarse murmur amid the smooth stones, slakes the thirsty soil with its gushing stream." + }, + { + "id": 19682, + "la": "quid qui, ne gravidis procumbat culmus aristis, luxuriem segetum tenera depascit in herba, cum primum sulcos aequant sata, quique paludis collectum umorem bibula deducit harena? praesertim incertis si mensibus amnis abundans exit et obducto late tenet omnia limo, unde cavae tepido sudant umore lacunae", + "en": "Need I tell of him who, lest the stalk droop with overweighted ears, grazes down his luxuriant crop in the young blade as soon as the growing corn is even with the furrows top, or of him who draws off a marshs gathered moisture with absorbent sand 'chiefly when, in treacherous months, a river at the full overflows, and far and wide cloaks all in mud, till the hollow ditches steam with warm vapour?" + }, + { + "id": 19683, + "la": "Nec tamen, haec cum sint hominumque boumque labores versando terram experti, nihil improbus anser Strymoniaeque grues et amaris intiba fibris officiunt aut umbra nocet", + "en": "Nor yet, after all that the toil of man and beast has achieved in oft turning the land, does the rascally goose do no mischief, or the Strymonian cranes, or the bitter fibres of chicory; nor is the shade of trees harmless." + }, + { + "id": 19684, + "la": "pater ipse colendi haud facilem esse viam voluit, primusque per artem movit agros, curis acuens mortalia corda, nec torpere gravi passus sua regna veterno", + "en": "The great Father himself has willed that the path of husbandry should not run smooth, who first made art awake the fields, sharpening mens wits by care, nor letting his kingdom slumber in heavy lethargy." + }, + { + "id": 19685, + "la": "ante Iovem nulli subigebant arva coloni: ne signare quidem aut partiri limite campum fas erat; in medium quaerebant, ipsaque tellus omnia liberius nullo poscente ferebat", + "en": "Before the reign of Jove no tillers subjugated the land: even to mark possession of the plain or apportion it by boundaries was sacrilege; man made gain for the common good, and Earth of her own accord gave her gifts all the more freely when none demanded them." + }, + { + "id": 19686, + "la": "ille malum virus serpentibus addidit atris, praedarique lupos iussit pontumque moveri, mellaque decussit foliis, ignemque removit, et passim rivis currentia vina repressit, ut varias usus meditando extunderet artes paulatim, et sulcis frumenti quaereret herbam, ut silicis venis abstrusum excuderet ignem", + "en": "Jove it was who put the noxious venom into deadly snakes, who bade the wolf turn robber and the ocean swell with tempest, who stripped honey from the leaves, hid fire from view, and stayed the wine that once ran everywhere in streams, so that experience, from taking thought, might little by little forge all manner of skills, seeking in ploughed furrows the blade of corn, striking forth the spark hidden in the veins of flint." + }, + { + "id": 19687, + "la": "tunc alnos primum fluvii sensere cavatas; navita tum stellis numeros et nomina fecit, Pleades, Hyadas, claramque Lycaonis Arcton; tum laqueis captare feras et fallere visco inventum et magnos canibus circumdare saltus; atque alius latum funda iam verberat amnem alta petens, pelagoque alius trahit umida lina; tum ferri rigor atque argutae lammina serrae (nam primi cuneis scindebant fissile lignum), tum variae venere artes", + "en": "Then first did rivers feel upon their backs boats of hollowed alder, then the mariner grouped and named the stars, Pleiads and Hyads and Lycaons daughter, the radiant Bear. Then was discovered how to catch game with traps, snare birds with lime, and how to encircle vast coverts with hunting dogs. Already one man is lashing a broad stream with his casting net, seeking the bottom, while another trawls through the sea his dripping meshes. Then came unyielding iron and the blade of the rasping saw (for primitive man used wedges to cleave wood until it split), and art followed hard on art." + }, + { + "id": 19688, + "la": "labor omnia vicit improbus, et duris urgens in rebus egestas", + "en": "Toil triumphed over every obstacle, unrelenting Toil, and Want that pinches when life is hard." + }, + { + "id": 19689, + "la": "Prima Ceres ferro mortalis vertere terram instituit, cum iam glandes atque arbuta sacrae deficerent silvae et victum Dodona negaret", + "en": "Ceres was the first to teach men to turn the earth with iron, when the acorns and the arbutes of the sacred wood began to fail, and Dodona withheld her food." + }, + { + "id": 19690, + "la": "mox et frumentis labor additus, ut mala culmos esset robigo segnisque horreret in arvis carduus; intereunt segetes, subit aspera silva, lappaeque tribolique, interque nitentia culta infelix lolium et steriles dominantur avenae", + "en": "Soon, too, on the corn fell trouble, the baneful mildew feeding on the stems, and the lazy thistle bristling in the fields; the crops die, and instead springs up a prickly growth of burs and caltrops, and amid the smiling corn luckless darnel and barren oats hold sway." + }, + { + "id": 19691, + "la": "quod nisi et adsiduis herbam insectabere rastris et sonitu terrebis aves et ruris opaci falce premes umbras votisque vocaveris imbrem, heu magnum alterius frustra spectabis acervum concussaque famem in silvis solabere quercu", + "en": "Therefore, unless your hoe is ever ready to assail the weeds, your voice to terrify the birds, your knife to check the shade over the darkened land, and your prayers to invoke the rain, in vain, poor man, you will gaze on your neighbours large store of grain, and you will be shaking oaks in the woods to assuage your hunger." + }, + { + "id": 19692, + "la": "Dicendum et quae sint duris agrestibus arma, quis sine nec potuere seri nec surgere messes: vomis et inflexi primum grave robur aratri, tardaque Eleusinae matris volventia plaustra, tribulaque traheaeque et iniquo pondere rastri; virgea praeterea Celei vilisque supellex, arbuteae crates et mystica vannus Iacchi", + "en": "I must tell, too, of the hardy farmers weapons, without which the crops could be neither sown nor raised. First the share and the curved ploughs heavy frame, the slow-rolling wains of the Mother of Eleusis, sledges and drags, and hoes of cruel weight; further, the common wicker ware of Celeus, arbute hurdles and the mystic fan of Iacchus." + }, + { + "id": 19693, + "la": "omnia quae multo ante memor provisa repones, si te digna manet divini gloria ruris", + "en": "All of these you will remember to provide and store away long beforehand, if the glory the divine country gives is to be yours in worthy measure." + }, + { + "id": 19694, + "la": "continuo in silvis magna vi flexa domatur in burim et curvi formam accipit ulmus aratri", + "en": "From the first, even in the woods, an elm, bent by main force, is trained for the stock, and receives the form of the crooked plough." + }, + { + "id": 19695, + "la": "huic a stirpe pedes temo protentus in octo, binae aures, duplici aptantur dentalia dorso", + "en": "To the stem of this is fitted a pole, eight feet in length, with two mould boards, and a share beam with double back." + }, + { + "id": 19696, + "la": "caeditur et tilia ante iugo levis altaque fagus stivaque, quae currus a tergo torqueat imos, et suspensa focis explorat robora fumus", + "en": "A light linden, too, is felled beforehand for the yoke, and a tall beech for the handle, 11 to turn the car below from the rear; and the wood is hung above the hearth for the smoke to season." + }, + { + "id": 19697, + "la": "Possum multa tibi veterum praecepta referre, ni refugis tenuisque piget cognoscere curas", + "en": "I can repeat for you many olden maxims, unless you shrink back and are loath to learn such trivial cares." + }, + { + "id": 19698, + "la": "area cum primis ingenti aequanda cylindro et vertenda manu et creta solidanda tenaci, ne subeant herbae neu pulvere victa fatiscat, tum variae inludant pestes: saepe exiguus mus sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit, aut oculis capti fodere cubilia talpae, inventusque cavis bufo et quae plurima terrae monstra ferunt, populatque ingentem farris acervum curculio atque inopi metuens formica senectae", + "en": "And chiefly, the threshing floor must be levelled with a heavy roller, kneaded with the hand, and made solid with binding clay, lest weeds spring up, or, crumbling into dust, it gape open, and then divers plagues make mock of you. Often under the ground the tiny mouse sets up a home and builds his storehouses, or sightless moles dig out chambers; in holes may be found the toad, and all the countless pests born of the earth; or the weevil ravages a huge heap of grain, or the ant, fearful of a destitute old age." + }, + { + "id": 19699, + "la": "Contemplator item, cum se nux plurima silvis induet in florem et ramos curvabit olentis: si superant fetus, pariter frumenta sequentur,", + "en": "Mark, too, when in the woods the walnut clothes itself thickly in blossom and bends its fragrant boughs: if the fruit prevails, the corn crops will keep pace with it," + }, + { + "id": 19700, + "la": "magnaque cum magno veniet tritura calore; at si luxuria foliorum exuberat umbra, nequiquam pinguis palea teret area culmos", + "en": "and a great threshing come with a great heat; but if the shade is abundant in the fullness of leafage, in vain shall your floor thresh stalks, rich only in chaff." + }, + { + "id": 19701, + "la": "semina vidi equidem multos medicare serentis et nitro prius et nigra perfundere amurca, grandior ut fetus siliquis fallacibus esset, et, quamvis igni exiguo, properata maderent", + "en": "Many a sower have I seen treat his seeds, drenching them first with nitre and black oil lees, that the deceitful pods might yield larger produce, and the grains be sodden quickly, however small the fire." + }, + { + "id": 19702, + "la": "vidi lecta diu et multo spectata labore degenerare tamen, ni vis humana quotannis maxima quaeque manu legeret", + "en": "I have seen seeds, though picked long and tested with much pains, yet degenerate, if human toil, year after year, culled not the largest by hand." + }, + { + "id": 19703, + "la": "sic omnia fatis in peius ruere ac retro sublapsa referri, non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, atque illum in praeceps prono rapit alveus amni", + "en": "Thus by law of fate all things speed towards the worse and slipping away fall back; even as if one, whose oars can scarce force his skiff against the stream, should by chance slacken his arms, and lo! headlong down the current the channel sweeps it away." + }, + { + "id": 19704, + "la": "Praeterea tam sunt Arcturi sidera nobis Haedorumque dies servandi et lucidus Anguis, quam quibus in patriam ventosa per aequora vectis Pontus et ostriferi fauces temptantur Abydi", + "en": "Furthermore, we must watch the star of Arcturus, the days of the Kids, and the gleaming Snake, even as they do who, sailing homeward over windswept seas, brave the Pontus and the jaws of oyster-breeding Abydus." + }, + { + "id": 19705, + "la": "Libra die somnique pares ubi fecerit horas et medium luci atque umbris iam dividit orbem, exercete, viri, tauros, serite hordea campis usque sub extremum brumae intractabilis imbrem; nec non et lini segetem et Cereale papaver tempus humo tegere et iamdudum incumbere aratris, dum sicca tellure licet, dum nubila pendent", + "en": "When the Balance makes the hours of daytime and sleep equal, and now parts the world in twain, half in light and half in shade, then, my men, work your oxen, sow barley in your fields, as late as the eve of winters rains, when work must cease. Then, too, is the time to hide in the ground your crop of flax and the poppy of Ceres; and high time is it to bend to the plough, while the dry soil will let you and the clouds are still aloft. Spring is the sowing time for beans;" + }, + { + "id": 19706, + "la": "vere fabis satio; tum te quoque, Medica, putres accipiunt sulci et milio venit annua cura, candidus auratis aperit cum cornibus annum Taurus et adverso cedens Canis occidit astro", + "en": "then, too, the crumbling furrows welcome you, Median clover, and the millet claims our yearly care, when the snow-white Bull with gilded horns ushers in the year, and the Dog sets, retiring before the Bulls confronting star." + }, + { + "id": 19707, + "la": "at si triticeam in messem robustaque farra exercebis humum solisque instabis aristis, ante tibi Eoae Atlantides abscondantur Cnosiaque ardentis decedat stella Coronae, debita quam sulcis committas semina quamque invitae properes anni spem credere terrae", + "en": "But if for harvest of wheat and for hardy spelt you ply the ground, and if grain alone is your aim, first let the daughters of Atlas pass from your sight in the morn, and let the Cretan star of the blazing Crown withdraw ere you commit to the furrows the seeds due, or hasten to trust the years hope to a reluctant soil." + }, + { + "id": 19708, + "la": "multi ante occasum Maiae coepere; sed illos exspectata seges vanis elusit avenis", + "en": "Many have begun ere Maias setting, but the looked-for crop has mocked them with empty straws." + }, + { + "id": 19709, + "la": "si vero viciamque seres vilemque phaselum, nec Pelusiacae curam aspernabere lentis, haud obscura cadens mittet tibi signa Bootes; incipe et ad medias sementem extende pruinas", + "en": "Yet if you choose to sow the vetch or homely kidney bean, and scorn not the care of Egyptian lentil, setting Botes will send you no doubtful signs. Begin, and carry on your sowing to midwinters frosts." + }, + { + "id": 19710, + "la": "Idcirco certis dimensum partibus orbem per duodena regit mundi sol aureus astra", + "en": "To this end the golden Sun rules his circuit, portioned out in fixed divisions, through the worlds twelve constellations." + }, + { + "id": 19711, + "la": "quinque tenent caelum zonae: quarum una corusco semper sole rubens et torrida semper ab igni; quam circum extremae dextra laevaque trahuntur caeruleae, glacie concretae atque imbribus atris; has inter mediamque duae mortalibus aegris munere concessae divum, et via secta per ambas, obliquus qua se signorum verteret ordo", + "en": "Five zones comprise the heavens; whereof one is ever glowing with the flashing sun, ever scorched by his flames. Round this, at the worlds ends, two stretch darkling to right and left, set fast in ice and black storms. Between these and the middle zone, two by grace of the gods have been vouchsafed to feeble mortals; and a path is cut between the two, wherein the slanting array of the Signs may turn." + }, + { + "id": 19712, + "la": "mundus, ut ad Scythiam Riphaeasque arduus arces consurgit, premitur Libyae devexus in Austros", + "en": "As our globe rises steep to Scythia and the Riphaean crags, so it slopes downward to Libyas southland." + }, + { + "id": 19713, + "la": "hic vertex nobis semper sublimis; at illum sub pedibus Styx atra videt Manesque profundi", + "en": "One pole is ever high above us, while the other, beneath our feet, is seen of black Styx and the shades infernal." + }, + { + "id": 19714, + "la": "maximus hic flexu sinuoso elabitur Anguis circum perque duas in morem fluminis Arctos, Arctos Oceani metuentes aequore tingui", + "en": "Here, with his tortuous coils, the mighty Snake glides forth, river-like, about and between the two Bears'the Bears that shrink from the plunge beneath Oceans plain." + }, + { + "id": 19715, + "la": "illic, ut perhibent, aut intempesta silet nox, semper et obtenta densentur nocte tenebrae; aut redit a nobis Aurora diemque reducit, nosque ubi primus equis Oriens adflavit anhelis, illic sera rubens accendit lumina Vesper", + "en": "There, men say, is either the silence of lifeless night, and gloom ever thickening beneath nights pall; or else Dawn returns from us and brings them back the day, and when on us the rising Sun first breathes with panting steeds, there glowing Vesper is kindling his evening rays." + }, + { + "id": 19716, + "la": "hinc tempestates dubio praediscere caelo possumus, hinc messisque diem tempusque serendi, et quando infidum remis impellere marmor conveniat, quando armatas deducere classis, aut tempestivam silvis evertere pinum", + "en": "Hence, though the sky be fitful, we can foretell the weathers changes, hence the harvest tide and sowing time; when it is meet to lash with oars the seas faithless calm, when to launch our well-rigged fleet, or in the woods to fell the pine in season." + }, + { + "id": 19717, + "la": "nec frustra signorum obitus speculamur et ortus, temporibusque parem diversis quattuor annum", + "en": "Not in vain do we watch the signs, as they rise and set, and the year, uniform in its four several seasons." + }, + { + "id": 19718, + "la": "Frigidus agricolam si quando continet imber, multa, forent quae mox caelo properanda sereno, maturare datur: durum procudit arator vomeris obtunsi dentem, cavat arbore lintres, aut pecori signum aut numeros impressit acervis", + "en": "Whenever a cold shower keeps the farmer indoors, he can prepare at leisure much that ere long in clear weather must needs be hurried. The ploughman hammers out the hard tooth of the blunted share, scoops troughs from trees, or sets a brand upon his flocks and labels upon his corn heaps." + }, + { + "id": 19719, + "la": "exacuunt alii vallos furcasque bicornis atque Amerina parant lentae retinacula viti", + "en": "Others sharpen stakes and two-pronged forks, or make bands of Amerian willows for the limber vine." + }, + { + "id": 19720, + "la": "nunc facilis rubea texatur fiscina virga, nunc torrete igni fruges, nunc frangite saxo", + "en": "Now let the pliant basket be woven of briar twigs, now roast corn by the fire, now grind it on the stone." + }, + { + "id": 19721, + "la": "quippe etiam festis quaedam exercere diebus fas et iura sinunt: rivos deducere nulla religio vetuit, segeti praetendere saepem, insidias avibus moliri, incendere vepres, balantumque gregem fluvio mersare salubri", + "en": "Even on holy days, the laws of God and man permit you to do certain tasks. No scruples ever forbade us to guide down the rills, 20 to defend a crop with a hedge, to set snares for birds, to fire brambles, or to plunge bleating flocks into the health-giving stream." + }, + { + "id": 19722, + "la": "saepe oleo tardi costas agitator aselli vilibus aut onerat pomis, lapidemque revertens incusum aut atrae massam picis urbe reportat", + "en": "Oft, too, the driver loads his slow donkeys sides with oil or cheap fruits, and as he comes back from town brings with him an indented millstone or a mass of black pitch." + }, + { + "id": 19723, + "la": "Ipsa dies alios alio dedit ordine Luna felicis operum", + "en": "The Moon herself has ordained various days in various grades as lucky for work." + }, + { + "id": 19724, + "la": "quintam fuge: pallidus Orcus Eumenidesque satae; tum partu Terra nefando Coeumque Iapetumque creat saevumque Typhoea et coniuratos caelum rescindere fratres", + "en": "Shun the fifth; then pale Orcus and the Furies were born: then in monstrous labour Earth bore Coeus, and Iapetus, and fierce Typhoeus, and the brethren who were banded to break down Heaven." + }, + { + "id": 19725, + "la": "ter sunt conati imponere Pelio Ossam scilicet, atque Ossae frondosum involvere Olympum; ter pater exstructos disiecit fulmine montis", + "en": "Thrice did they essay to pile Ossa on Pelion, and over Ossa to roll leafy Olympus; thrice, with his bolt, the Father dashed apart their up-piled mountains." + }, + { + "id": 19726, + "la": "septima post decimam felix et ponere vitem et prensos domitare boves et licia telae addere", + "en": "The seventeenth is lucky for planting the vine, for yoking and breaking in oxen, and for adding the leashes to the warp." + }, + { + "id": 19727, + "la": "nona fugae melior, contraria furtis", + "en": "The ninth is a friend to the runaway, a foe to the thief." + }, + { + "id": 19728, + "la": "Multa adeo gelida melius se nocte dedere, aut cum sole novo terras inrorat Eous", + "en": "There are many things, too, that make better progress in the cool of night, or when at early sunrise the day star bedews the earth." + }, + { + "id": 19729, + "la": "nocte leves melius stipulae, nocte arida prata tondentur, noctes lentus non deficit umor", + "en": "At night the light stubble is best shorn, at night the thirsty meadows; at night the softening moisture fails not." + }, + { + "id": 19730, + "la": "et quidam seros hiberni ad luminis ignes pervigilat ferroque faces inspicat acuto; interea longum cantu solata laborem arguto coniunx percurrit pectine telas, aut dulcis musti Volcano decoquit umorem et foliis undam trepidi despumat ani", + "en": "One I know spends wakeful hours by the late blaze of a winter fire, and with sharp knife points torches; his wife the while solaces with song her long toil, runs the shrill shuttle through the web, or on the fire boils down the sweet juice of must, and skims with leaves the froth of the bubbling cauldron." + }, + { + "id": 19731, + "la": "at rubicunda Ceres medio succiditur aestu, et medio tostas aestu terit area fruges", + "en": "But Ceres golden grain is cut down in noonday heat, and in noonday heat the floor threshes the parched ears." + }, + { + "id": 19732, + "la": "nudus ara, sere nudus; hiems ignava colono", + "en": "Strip to plough, strip to sow; winter is the farmers lazy time." + }, + { + "id": 19733, + "la": "frigoribus parto agricolae plerumque fruuntur mutuaque inter se laeti convivia curant", + "en": "In cold weather farmers chiefly enjoy their gains, and feast together in merry companies." + }, + { + "id": 19734, + "la": "invitat genialis hiems curasque resolvit, ceu pressae cum iam portum tetigere carinae, puppibus et laeti nautae imposuere coronas", + "en": "Winters cheer calls them, and loosens the weight of care'even as when laden keels have at last reached port, and the merry sailors have crowned the poops with garlands." + }, + { + "id": 19735, + "la": "sed tamen et quernas glandes tum stringere tempus et lauri bacas oleamque cruentaque myrta, tum gruibus pedicas et retia ponere cervis auritosque sequi lepores, tum figere dammas stuppea torquentem Balearis verbera fundae, cum nix alta iacet, glaciem cum flumina trudunt", + "en": "Still, then is the time to strip the acorns and laurel berries, the olive and blood-red myrtle; the time to set snares for cranes and nets for the stag, and to chase the long-eared hares; the time to smite the does, as you whirl the hempen thongs of a Balearic sling'when the snow lies deep, when the rivers roll down the ice." + }, + { + "id": 19736, + "la": "Quid tempestates autumni et sidera dicam, atque, ubi iam breviorque dies et mollior aestas, quae vigilanda viris, vel cum ruit imbriferum ver, spicea iam campis cum messis inhorruit et cum frumenta in viridi stipula lactentia turgent?", + "en": "Why need I tell of autumns changes and stars, and for what our workers must watch, as the day now grows shorter and summer softer, or when spring pours down in showers, as the bearded harvest now bristles in the fields, and the corn on its green stem swells with milk?" + }, + { + "id": 19737, + "la": "saepe ego, cum flavis messorem induceret arvis agricola et fragili iam stringeret hordea culmo, omnia ventorum concurrere proelia vidi, quae gravidam late segetem ab radicibus imis sublimem expulsam eruerent; ita turbine nigro verrit hiems culmumque levem stipulasque volantis", + "en": "Often, when the farmer was bringing the reaper into his golden fields and was just beginning to strip the barley from the frail stalk, I have seen all the winds close in conflict, tearing up the heavy corn far and wide from its deepest roots and tossing it on high; so in a black whirlwind did the storm sweep away the light straw and flying stubble." + }, + { + "id": 19738, + "la": "saepe etiam immensum caelo venit agmen aquarum mr et foedam glomerant tempestatem imbribus atris collectae ex alto nubes; ruit arduus aether, et pluvia ingenti sata laeta boumque labores diluit; implentur fossae et cava flumina crescunt cum sonitu fervetque fretis spirantibus aequor", + "en": "Often, too, there appears in the sky a mighty column of waters, and clouds mustered from on high roll up a murky tempest of black showers: down falls the lofty heaven, and with its deluge of rain washes away the gladsome crops and the labours of oxen. The dykes fill, the deep-channelled rivers swell and roar, and the sea steams in its heaving friths." + }, + { + "id": 19739, + "la": "ipse pater media nimborum in nocte corusca fulmina molitur dextra:", + "en": "The Father himself, in the midnight of storm clouds, wields his bolts with flashing hand." + }, + { + "id": 19740, + "la": "quo maxima motu terra tremit; fugere ferae et mortalia corda per gentes humilis stravit pavor: ille flagranti aut Atho aut Rhodopen aut alta Ceraunia telo deicit; ingeminant Austri et densissimus imber, nunc nemora ingenti vento, nunc litora plangunt", + "en": "At that shock the mighty earth shivers; far flee the beasts and all over the world prostrating terror lays low mens hearts: he with blazing bolt dashes down Athos or Rhodope or the Ceraunian peaks. The winds redouble; more and more thickens the rain; now woods, now shores wail with the mighty blast." + }, + { + "id": 19741, + "la": "hoc metuens caeli menses et sidera serva, frigida Saturni sese quo stella receptet, quos ignis caelo Cyllenius erret in orbis", + "en": "In fear of this, mark the months and signs of heaven; whither Saturns cold star withdraws itself and into what circles of the sky strays the Cyllenian fire." + }, + { + "id": 19742, + "la": "in primis venerare deos, atque annua magnae sacra refer Cereri laetis operatus in herbis extremae sub casum hiemis, iam vere sereno", + "en": "Above all, worship the gods, and pay great Ceres her yearly rites, sacrificing on the glad sward, with the setting of winters last days, when clear springtime is now come." + }, + { + "id": 19743, + "la": "tum pingues agni et tum mollissima vina, tum somni dulces densaeque in montibus umbrae", + "en": "Then lambs are fat and wine is most mellow; then sweet is sleep, and thick are the shadows on the hills." + }, + { + "id": 19744, + "la": "cuncta tibi Cererem pubes agrestis adoret: cui tu lacte favos et miti dilue Baccho, terque novas circum felix eat hostia fruges, omnis quam chorus et socii comitentur ovantes, et Cererem clamore vocent in tecta; neque ante falcem maturis quisquam supponat aristis, quam Cereri torta redimitus tempora quercu det motus incompositos et carmina dicat", + "en": "Then let all your country folk worship Ceres; for her wash the honeycomb with milk and soft wine, and three times let the luck-bringing victim pass round the young crops, while the whole choir of your comrades follow exulting, and loudly call Ceres into their homes; nor let any put his sickle to the ripe corn, ere for Ceres he crown his brows with oaken wreath, dance artless measures, and chant her hymns." + }, + { + "id": 19745, + "la": "Atque haec ut certis possemus discere signis, aestusque pluviasque et agentis frigora ventos, ipse pater statuit, quid menstrua luna moneret, quo signo caderent Austri, quid saepe videntes agricolae propius stabulis armenta tenerent", + "en": "And that through unfailing signs we might learn these dangers'the heat, and the rain, and the cold-bringing winds'the Father himself decreed what warning the monthly moon should give, what should signal the fall of the wind, and what sight, oft seen, should prompt the farmer to keep his cattle nearer to their stalls." + }, + { + "id": 19746, + "la": "continuo ventis surgentibus aut freta ponti incipiunt agitata tumescere et aridus altis montibus audiri fragor, aut resonantia longe litora misceri et nemorum increbrescere murmur", + "en": "From the first, when the winds are rising, either the seas straits begin to heave and swell, and on mountain heights is heard a dry crash, or the shores ring a confused echo afar and the woodland murmur waxes loud." + }, + { + "id": 19747, + "la": "iam sibi tum a curvis male temperat unda carinis, cum medio celeres revolant ex aequore mergi clamoremque ferunt ad litora, cumque marinae in sicco ludunt fulicae, notasque paludes deserit atque altam supra volat ardea nubem", + "en": "Then, too, the wave scarce keeps itself from the curved keel, when the fleet gulls fly back from mid-ocean, wafting their screams shoreward, and when the sea coots sport on dry land, and the heron quits its home in the marsh and soars aloft above the clouds." + }, + { + "id": 19748, + "la": "saepe etiam stellas vento impendente videbis praecipites caelo labi, noctisque per umbram flammarum longos a tergo albescere tractus; saepe levem paleam et frondes volitare caducas, aut summa nantis in aqua colludere plumas", + "en": "Often, too, when wind is threatening, you will see stars shoot headlong from the sky and behind them long trails of flame, gleaming white amid nights blackness; often light chaff and falling leaves fly about and feathers dance as they float on the waters top." + }, + { + "id": 19749, + "la": "at Boreae de parte trucis cum fulminat et cum Eurique Zephyrique tonat domus, omnia plenis rura natant fossis atque omnis navita ponto umida vela legit", + "en": "But when it lightens from the region of the grim North, and when the home of the East and West winds thunders, then the ditches overflow and all the fields are flooded, while on the deep every mariner furls his dripping sails." + }, + { + "id": 19750, + "la": "numquam imprudentibus imber obfuit: aut illum surgentem vallibus imis ariae fugere grues, aut bucula caelum suspiciens patulis captavit naribus auras, aut arguta lacus circumvolitavit hirundo et veterem in limo ranae cecinere querelam", + "en": "Never has rain brought ill to men unwarned. Either, as it gathers, the skyey cranes flee before it in the valleys depths; or the heifer looks up to heaven, and with open nostrils snuffs the breeze, or the twittering swallow flits round the pools, and in the mud the frogs croak their immemorial plaint." + }, + { + "id": 19751, + "la": "saepius et tectis penetralibus extulit ova angustum formica terens iter, et bibit ingens arcus, et e pastu decedens agmine magno corvorum increpuit densis exercitus alis", + "en": "Often, too, the ant, wearing her narrow path, brings out her eggs from her inmost cells and a great rainbow drinks, and an army of rooks, quitting their pasture in long array, clang with serried wings." + }, + { + "id": 19752, + "la": "iam varias pelagi volucres et quae Asia circum dulcibus in stagnis rimantur prata Caystri, certatim largos umeris infundere rores, nunc caput obiectare fretis, nunc currere in undas et studio incassum videas gestire lavandi", + "en": "Again, you may see the manifold birds of the sea, and such as, in Caysters sweet pools, rummage round about the Asian meadows, now rivalling each other in pouring the copious spray over their shoulders, now dashing their heads in the waves, now running into the waters, and aimlessly exulting in the joy of the bath." + }, + { + "id": 19753, + "la": "tum cornix plena pluviam vocat improba voce et sola in sicca secum spatiatur harena", + "en": "Then the villainous raven with deep tones calls down the rain, and in solitary state stalks along the dry sea sand." + }, + { + "id": 19754, + "la": "ne nocturna quidem carpentes pensa puellae nescivere hiemem, testa cum ardente viderent scintillare oleum et putris concrescere fungos", + "en": "Even at night, maidens that spin their tasks have not failed to mark a storm as they saw the oil sputter in the blazing lamp, and a mouldy fungus gather on the wick." + }, + { + "id": 19755, + "la": "Nec minus ex imbri soles et aperta serena prospicere et certis poteris cognoscere signis: nam neque tum stellis acies obtunsa videtur nec fratris radiis obnoxia surgere Luna, tenuia nec lanae per caelum vellera ferri; non tepidum ad solem pinnas in litore pandunt dilectae Thetidi alcyones, non ore solutos immundi meminere sues iactare maniplos", + "en": "Nor less after rain may you foresee bright suns and cloudless skies, and know them by sure signs. For then the stars bright edge is seen undimmed, and the moon rises under no debt to her brothers rays, and no thin fleecy clouds pass over the sky. Not now do the halcyons, the pride of Thetis, spread their wings on the shore to catch the warm sun, nor do the uncleanly swine think of tossing straw bundles to pieces with their snouts." + }, + { + "id": 19756, + "la": "at nebulae magis ima petunt campoque recumbunt, solis et occasum servans de culmine summo nequiquam seros exercet noctua cantus", + "en": "But the mists are prone to seek the valleys, and rest on the plain, and the owl, as she watches the sunset from some high peak, vainly plies her evening song." + }, + { + "id": 19757, + "la": "apparet liquido sublimis in aere Nisus et pro purpureo poenas dat Scylla capillo: quacumque illa levem fugiens secat aethera pinnis, ecce inimicus, atrox, magno stridore per auras insequitur Nisus; qua se fert Nisus ad auras, illa levem fugiens raptim secat aethera pinnis", + "en": "Nisus is seen aloft in the clear sky, and Scylla suffers for the crimson lock. Wherever she flees, cleaving the light air with her wings, lo! savage and ruthless, with loud whirr Nisus follows through the sky; where Nisus mounts skyward, she flees in haste, cleaving the light air with her wings." + }, + { + "id": 19758, + "la": "tum liquidas corvi presso ter gutture voces aut quater ingeminant, et saepe cubilibus altis nescio qua praeter solitum dulcedine laeti inter se in foliis strepitant; iuvat imbribus actis progeniem parvam dulcisque revisere nidos", + "en": "Then the rooks, with narrowed throat, thrice or four times repeat their soft cries, and oft in their high nests, joyous with some strange, unwonted delight, chatter to each other amid the leaves. Glad are they, the rains over, to see once more their little brood and their sweet nests." + }, + { + "id": 19759, + "la": "haud equidem credo, quia sit divinitus illis ingenium aut rerum Fato prudentia maior; verum ubi tempestas et caeli mobilis umor mutavere vias et Iuppiter uvidus Austris denset erant quae rara modo, et quae densa relaxat, vertuntur species animorum, et pectora motus nunc alios, alios dum nubila ventus agebat, concipiunt: hinc ille avium concentus in agris et laetae pecudes et ovantes gutture corvi", + "en": "Not, methinks, that they have wisdom from on high, or from Fate a larger foreknowledge of things to be; but that when the weather and fitful vapours of the sky have turned their course, and Jove, wet with the south winds, thickens what just now was rare, and makes rare what now was thick, the phases of their minds change, and their breasts now conceive impulses, other than they felt when the wind was chasing the clouds. Hence that chorus of the birds in the fields, the gladness of the cattle, and the exulting cries of the rooks." + }, + { + "id": 19760, + "la": "Si vero solem ad rapidum lunasque sequentis ordine respicies, numquam te crastina fallet hora, neque insidiis noctis capiere serenae", + "en": "But if you pay heed to the swift sun and the moons, as they follow in order, never will tomorrows hour cheat you, nor will you be ensnared by a cloudless night." + }, + { + "id": 19761, + "la": "luna revertentis cum primum colligit ignis, si nigrum obscuro comprenderit ara cornu, maximus agricolis pelagoque parabitur imber: at si virgineum suffuderit ore ruborem, ventus erit; vento semper rubet aurea Phoebe", + "en": "Soon as the moon gathers her returning fires, if she encloses a dark mist within dim horns, a heavy rain is awaiting farmers and seamen. But if over her face she spreads a maiden blush, there will be wind; as wind rises, golden Phoebe ever blushes." + }, + { + "id": 19762, + "la": "sin ortu quarto (namque is certissimus auctor) pura neque obtunsis per caelum cornibus ibit, totus et ille dies et qui nascentur ab illo exactum ad mensem pluvia ventisque carebunt, votaque servati solvent in litore nautae Glauco et Panopeae et Inoo Melicertae", + "en": "But if at her fourth rising'for that is our surest guide'she pass through the sky clear and with un-dimmed horns, then all that day, and the days born of it to the months end, shall be free from rain and wind; and the sailors, safe in port, shall pay their vows on the shore to Glaucus, and to Panopea, and to Melicerta, Inos son." + }, + { + "id": 19763, + "la": "Sol quoque et exoriens et cum se condet in undas signa dabit; solem certissima signa sequentur, et quae mane refert et quae surgentibus astris", + "en": "The sun, too, alike when rising and when sinking under the waves, will give tokens: tokens most sure will attend the sun, both those he brings each dawn and those he shows as the stars arise." + }, + { + "id": 19764, + "la": "ille ubi nascentem maculis variaverit ortum conditus in nubem medioque refugerit orbe, suspecti tibi sint imbres; namque urget ab alto arboribusque satisque Notus pecorique sinister", + "en": "When, hidden in cloud, he has chequered with spots his early dawn, and is shrunk back in the centre of his disc, beware of showers; for from the deep the South Wind is sweeping, foe to tree and crop and herd." + }, + { + "id": 19765, + "la": "aut ubi sub lucem densa inter nubila sese diversi rumpent radii, aut ubi pallida surget Tithoni croceum linquens Aurora cubile, heu! male tum mitis defendet pampinus uvas: tam multa in tectis crepitans salit horrida grando", + "en": "Or when at dawn scattered shafts break out amid thick clouds, or when Aurora rises pale, as she leaves Tithonus saffron couch, ah! poorly then will the vine leaf guard the ripe grapes, so thick the bristling hail dances rattling on the roofs." + }, + { + "id": 19766, + "la": "hoc etiam, emenso cum iam decedit Olympo, profuerit meminisse magis; nam saepe videmus ipsius in vultu varios errare colores: caeruleus pluviam denuntiat, igneus Euros; sin maculae incipiunt rutilo immiscerier igni, omnia tum pariter vento nimbisque videbis fervere", + "en": "This, too, when he has traversed the sky and now is setting, it will profit you more to bear in mind; for often we see fitful hues flit over his face: a dark hue threatens rain, a fiery hue, east winds; but if the spots begin to mingle with glowing fire, then shall you see all nature rioting with wind and storm clouds alike." + }, + { + "id": 19767, + "la": "non illa quisquam me nocte per altum ire neque a terra moneat convellere funem", + "en": "On such a night let none urge me to travel on the deep, or pluck my cable from the land." + }, + { + "id": 19768, + "la": "at si, cum referetque diem condetque relatum, lucidus orbis erit, frustra terrebere nimbis et claro silvas cernes Aquilone moveri", + "en": "Yet if, both when he brings back the day, and when he closes the day he brought, his disc is bright, then vain will be your fear of storm clouds, and you will see the woods sway in the clear north wind." + }, + { + "id": 19769, + "la": "Denique, quid vesper serus vehat, unde serenas ventus agat nubes, quid cogitet umidus Auster, sol tibi signa dabit", + "en": "In short, the message of late evening, the quarter whence the wind drives clear the clouds, the purpose of the rainy South'of all the Sun will give you signs." + }, + { + "id": 19770, + "la": "solem quis dicere falsum audeat? ille etiam caecos instare tumultus saepe monet fraudemque et operta tumescere bella", + "en": "Who dare say the Sun is false? He and no other warns us when dark uprisings threaten, when treachery and hidden wars are gathering strength." + }, + { + "id": 19771, + "la": "ille etiam exstincto miseratus Caesare Romam, cum caput obscura nitidum ferrugine texit impiaque aeternam timuerunt saecula noctem", + "en": "He and no other was moved to pity Rome on the day that Caesar died, when he veiled his radiant face in gloom and darkness, and a godless age feared everlasting night." + }, + { + "id": 19772, + "la": "tempore quamquam illo tellus quoque et aequora ponti, obscenaeque canes importunaeque volucres signa dabant", + "en": "Yet in this hour Earth also and the plains of Ocean, ill-boding dogs and birds that spell mischief sent signs which heralded disaster." + }, + { + "id": 19773, + "la": "quotiens Cyclopum effervere in agros vidimus undantem ruptis fornacibus Aetnam, flammarumque globos liquefactaque volvere saxa! armorum sonitum toto Germania caelo audiit, insolitis tremuerunt motibus Alpes", + "en": "How oft before our eyes did Etna deluge the fields of the Cyclopes with a torrent from her burst furnaces, hurling thereon balls of fire and molten rocks. Germany heard the noise of battle sweep across the sky and, event without precedent, the Alps rocked with earthquakes." + }, + { + "id": 19774, + "la": "vox quoque per lucos vulgo exaudita silentis ingens, et simulacra modis pallentia miris visa sub obscurum noctis, pecudesque locutae, infandum! sistunt amnes terraeque dehiscunt, et maestum inlacrimat templis ebur aeraque sudant", + "en": "A voice boomed through the silent groves for all to hear, a deafening voice, and phantoms of unearthly pallor were seen in the falling darkness. Horror beyond words, beasts uttered human speech; rivers stood still, the earth gaped open; in the temples ivory images wept for grief, and beads of sweat covered bronze statues." + }, + { + "id": 19775, + "la": "proluit insano contorquens vertice silvas fluviorum rex Eridanus camposque per omnis cum stabulis armenta tulit", + "en": "King of waterways, the Po swept whole forests along in the swirl of his frenzied current, carrying with him over the plain cattle and stalls alike." + }, + { + "id": 19776, + "la": "nec tempore eodem tristibus aut extis fibrae apparere minaces aut puteis manare cruor cessavit, et altae per noctem resonare lupis ululantibus urbes", + "en": "Nor in that same hour did sinister filaments cease to appear in ominous entrails or blood to flow from wells or our hillside towns to echo all night with the howl of wolves." + }, + { + "id": 19777, + "la": "non alias caelo ceciderunt plura sereno fulgura nec diri totiens arsere cometae", + "en": "Never fell more lightning from a cloudless sky; never was comets alarming glare so often seen." + }, + { + "id": 19778, + "la": "ergo inter sese paribus concurrere telis Romanas acies iterum videre Philippi; nec fuit indignum superis, bis sanguine nostro Emathiam et latos Haemi pinguescere campos", + "en": "So it was that Philippi beheld for a second time Roman armies clash in the shock of matching arms; and Heaven above did not demur at Macedon and the broad Balkan plains being twice glutted with the blood of our fellow citizens." + }, + { + "id": 19779, + "la": "scilicet et tempus veniet, cum finibus illis agricola incurvo terram molitus aratro exesa inveniet scabra robigine pila, aut gravibus rastris galeas pulsabit inanis, grandiaque effossis mirabitur ossa sepulcris", + "en": "Yes, and a time will come when in those lands the farmer, as he cleaves the soil with his curved plough, will find javelins corroded with rusty mould, or with his heavy hoe will strike empty helmets, and marvel at gigantic bones in the upturned graves." + }, + { + "id": 19780, + "la": "Sunt alii, quos ipse via sibi repperit usus", + "en": "Others there are which Experience has in her course discovered for herself." + }, + { + "id": 19781, + "la": "hic plantas tenero abscindens de corpore matrum deposuit sulcis, hic stirpes obruit arvo quadrifidasque sudes et acuto robore vallos; silvarumque aliae pressos propaginis arcus exspectant et viva sua plantaria terra; nil radicis egent aliae summumque putator haud dubitat terrae referens mandare cacumen", + "en": "One man tears away suckers from the mothers tender frame, and sets them in furrows; another buries in the ground stems, both as cross-cleft shafts and as sharp-pointed stakes. Some trees await the arches of the bent layer, and slips set while yet quick in their own soil; others need no root, and the pruner fears not to take the topmost spray and again entrust it to the earth." + }, + { + "id": 19782, + "la": "quin et caudicibus sectis (mirabile dictu) truditur e sicco radix oleagina ligno", + "en": "When the trunks are cleft'how wondrous the tale!'an olive root thrusts itself from the dry wood." + }, + { + "id": 19783, + "la": "et saepe alterius ramos impune videmus vertere in alterius, mutatamque insita mala ferre pirum et prunis lapidosa rubescere corna", + "en": "Often, too, we see one trees branches turn harmless into anothers, the pear transformed bearing engrafted apples, and stony cornels blushing on the plum." + }, + { + "id": 19784, + "la": "Quare agite o proprios generatim discite cultus, agricolae, fructusque feros mollite colendo, neu segnes iaceant terrae", + "en": "Up, therefore, husbandmen, learn the culture proper to each after its kind; your wild fruits tame by tillage, and let not your soil lie idle." + }, + { + "id": 19785, + "la": "iuvat Ismara Baccho conserere atque olea magnum vestire Taburnum", + "en": "What joy to plant all Ismarus with the vine, and clothe great Taburnus with the olive!" + }, + { + "id": 19786, + "la": "tuque ades inceptumque una decurre laborem, o decus, o famae merito pars maxima nostrae, Maecenas, pelagoque volans da vela patenti", + "en": "And you, Maecenas, my pride, my justest title to fame, come and traverse with me the toilsome course I have essayed, and spread your sails to speed over an open sea." + }, + { + "id": 19787, + "la": "non ego cuncta meis amplecti versibus opto, non mihi si linguae centum sint oraque centum, ferrea vox", + "en": "Not mine the wish to embrace all the theme within my verse, not though I had a hundred tongues, a hundred mouths, and a voice of iron!" + }, + { + "id": 19788, + "la": "ades et primi lege litoris oram; in manibus terrae: non hic te carmine ficto atque per ambages et longa exorsa tenebo", + "en": "Draw nigh, and skirt the near shoreline'the land is close at hand. Not here will I detain you with songs of fancy, amid rambling paths and lengthy preludes." + }, + { + "id": 19789, + "la": "Sponte sua quae se tollunt in luminis oras, infecunda quidem, sed laeta et fortia surgunt; quippe solo natura subest", + "en": "Trees that of free will lift themselves into realms of light spring up unfruitful, but rejoicing in their strength, for within the soil is native force." + }, + { + "id": 19790, + "la": "tamen haec quoque, si quis inserat aut scrobibus mandet mutata subactis, exuerint silvestrem animum, cultuque frequenti in quascumque voles artes haud tarda sequentur", + "en": "Yet even these, if one graft them, or transplant and commit to well-worked trenches, will doff their wild spirit, and under constant tillage will readily follow any lessons you would have them learn." + }, + { + "id": 19791, + "la": "nec non et sterilis quae stirpibus exit ab imis, hoc faciat, vacuos si sit digesta per agros: nunc altae frondes et rami matris opacant crescentique adimunt fetus uruntque ferentem", + "en": "So, too, the sucker, which springs barren from the bottom of the stem, would do likewise, if set out amid open fields: as it is, the mother trees branches and deep leafage overshadow it, robbing it of fruit as it grows, and blasting it in the bearing." + }, + { + "id": 19792, + "la": "iam quae seminibus iactis se sustulit arbos, tarda venit, seris factura nepotibus umbram, pomaque degenerant sucos oblita priores et turpis avibus praedam fert uva racemos", + "en": "Again, the tree which rears itself from chance-dropped seeds rises slowly and will yield its shade to our children of later days; its fruits, too, degenerate, forgetting their olden flavour, and the vine bears sorry clusters, for the birds to pillage." + }, + { + "id": 19793, + "la": "Scilicet omnibus est labor impendendus et omnes cogendae in sulcum ac multa mercede domandae", + "en": "On all, be sure, must labour be spent; all must be marshalled into trenches, and tamed with much trouble." + }, + { + "id": 19794, + "la": "sed truncis oleae melius, propagine vites respondent, solido Paphiae de robore myrtus; plantis edurae coryli nascuntur et ingens fraxinus Herculeaeque arbos umbrosa coronae, Chaoniique patris glandes; etiam ardua palma nascitur et casus abies visura marinos", + "en": "But olives answer best from truncheons, vines from layers, Paphian myrtles from the solid stem. From suckers spring sturdy hazels, and the giant ash, the shady tree that crowned Hercules, and the acorns of the Chaonian sire. So, too, rises the lofty palm, and the fir that will see the perils of the deep." + }, + { + "id": 19795, + "la": "inseritur vero et nucis arbutus horrida fetu, et steriles platani malos gessere valentis; castaneae fagus, ornusque incanuit albo flore piri, glandemque sues fregere sub ulmis", + "en": "But the rough arbutus is grafted with a walnut shoot, and barren planes have oft borne hardy apple boughs; the beech has grown white with the chestnuts snowy bloom, the ash with the pears; and swine have crunched acorns beneath the elm." + }, + { + "id": 19796, + "la": "Nec modus inserere atque oculos imponere simplex", + "en": "Nor is the mode of grafting and of budding the same." + }, + { + "id": 19797, + "la": "nam qua se medio trudunt de cortice gemmae et tenuis rumpunt tunicas, angustus in ipso fit nodo sinus; huc aliena ex arbore germen includunt udoque docent inolescere libro", + "en": "For where the buds push out from amid the bark, and burst their tender sheaths, a narrow slit is made just in the knot; in this from an alien tree they insert a bud, and teach it to grow into the sappy bark." + }, + { + "id": 19798, + "la": "aut rursum enodes trunci resecantur et alte finditur in solidum cuneis via, deinde feraces plantae immittuntur: nec longum tempus, et ingens exiit ad caelum ramis felicibus arbos, miratastque novas frondes et non sua poma", + "en": "Or, again, knotless boles are cut open, and with wedges a path is cleft deep into the core; then fruitful slips are let in, and in a little while, lo! amighty tree shoots up skyward with joyous boughs, and marvels at its strange leafage and fruits not its own." + }, + { + "id": 19799, + "la": "Praeterea genus haud unum nec fortibus ulmis nec salici lotoque neque Idaeis cyparissis, nec pingues unam in faciem nascuntur olivae, orchades et radii et amara pausia baca, pomaque et Alcinoi silvae, nec surculus idem Crustumiis Syriisque piris gravigusque volemis", + "en": "Further, not single in kind are sturdy elms, or the willow, or the lotus, or the cypresses of Ida, nor do rich olives grow to one mould'the orchad and radius, and the pausian with its bitter berry. So, too, with apples and the gardens of Alcinous; nor are cuttings the same for Crustumian and Syrian pears, and the heavy volema." + }, + { + "id": 19800, + "la": "non eadem arboribus pendet vindemia nostris, quam Methymnaeo carpit de palmite Lesbos; sunt Thasiae vites, sunt et Mareotides albae, mv pinguibus hae terris habiles, levioribus illae, et passo Psithia utilior tenuisque Lageos, temptatura pedes olim vincturaque linguam, purpureae preciaeque, et quo te carmine dicam Rhaetica? nec cellis ideo contende Falernis", + "en": "On our trees hangs not the same vintage as Lesbos gathers from Methymnas boughs: there are Thasian vines, there are the pale Mareotic'these suited for rich soils, those for lighter ones'the Psithian, too, better for raisin wine, and the subtle Lagean, sure some day to trouble the feet and tie the tongue; the Purple and the Precian and you, Rhaetic'how can I do you justice? Yet even so, seek not to rival Falernian cellars!" + }, + { + "id": 19801, + "la": "sunt et Aminneae vites, firmissima vina, Tmolius adsurgit quibus et rex ipse Phanaeus; Argitisque minor, cui non certaverit ulla aut tantum fluere aut totidem durare per annos", + "en": "There are, too, Aminnean vines, soundest of wines, to which the Tmolian and the royal Phanaean itself pay homage; and the lesser Argitis, which none may match, either in richness of stream or in lasting through many years." + }, + { + "id": 19802, + "la": "non ego te, dis et mensis accepta secundis, transierim, Rhodia, et tumidis, Bumaste, racemis", + "en": "Nor would I pass by you, vine of Rhodes, welcome to the gods and the banquets second course, and you, Bumastus, with your swelling clusters." + }, + { + "id": 19803, + "la": "sed neque quam multae species nec nomina quae sint, est numerus: neque enim numero comprendere refert; quem qui scire velit, Libyci velit aequoris idem discere quam multae Zephyro turbentur harenae, aut ubi navigiis violentior incidit Eurus, nosse quot Ionii veniant ad litora fluctus", + "en": "But for the many kinds, or the names they bear, there is no numbering'nor, indeed, is the numbering worth the pains. He who would have knowledge of this would likewise want to learn how many grains of sand on the Libyan plain are stirred by the West Wind, or when the East falls in unwonted fury on the ships, would want to know how many billows of the Ionian sea roll shoreward." + }, + { + "id": 19804, + "la": "Nec vero terrae ferre omnes omnia possunt", + "en": "Nor yet can all soils bear all fruits." + }, + { + "id": 19805, + "la": "fluminibus salices crassisque paludibus alni nascuntur, steriles saxosis montibus orni; litora myrtetis laetissima; denique apertos Bacchus amat colles, Aquilonem et frigora taxi", + "en": "In rivers grow willows, in rank fens alders, on rocky hills the barren ash. The shores rejoice most in myrtle groves. Lastly, Bacchus loves open hills, and the yew tree the cold of the North Wind." + }, + { + "id": 19806, + "la": "aspice et extremis domitum cultoribus orbem Eoasque domos Arabum pictosque Gelonos: divisae arboribus patriae", + "en": "See, too, earths farthest bounds, conquered by tillage'the Arabs eastern homes, and the painted Gelonians: trees have their allotted climes." + }, + { + "id": 19807, + "la": "sola India nigrum fert hebenum, solis est turea virga Sabaeis", + "en": "India alone bears black ebony; to the Sabaeans alone belongs the frankincense bough." + }, + { + "id": 19808, + "la": "quid tibi odorato referam sudantia ligno balsamaque et bacas semper frondentis acanthi? quid nemora Aethiopum molli canentia lana, velleraque ut foliis depectant tenuia Seres? aut quos Oceano propior gerit India lucos, extremi sinus orbis, ubi ara vincere summum arboris haud ullae iactu potuere sagittae? et gens illa quidem sumptis non tarda pharetris", + "en": "Why should I tell you of the balsams that drip from the fragrant wood, or of the pods of the ever blooming acanthus? Why tell of the Ethiopian groves, all white with downy wool, or how the Seres comb from leaves their fine fleeces? Or, nearer the Ocean, of the jungles which India rears, that nook at the worlds end where no arrows can surmount the air at the treetop? And yet not slow is that race in handling the quiver." + }, + { + "id": 19809, + "la": "Media fert tristis sucos tardumque saporem felicis mali, quo non praesentius ullum, pocula si quando saevae infecere novercae miscueruntque herbas et non innoxia verba, auxilium venit ac membris agit atra venena", + "en": "Media bears the tart juices and lingering flavour of the health-giving citron tree, which, if cruel stepdames have ever drugged the cups mixing herbs and baleful spells, comes as help most potent, and from the limbs drives the deadly venom." + }, + { + "id": 19810, + "la": "ipsa ingens arbos faciemque simillima lauro (et, si non alium late iactaret odorem, laurus erat); folia haud ullis labentia ventis; flos ad prima tenax; animas et olentia Medi ora fovent illo et senibus medicantur anhelis", + "en": "The tree itself is large, and in looks very like a bay; and a bay it were, did it not fling abroad another scent. In no winds fall its leaves; its blossom clings most firmly; with it the Mede treats his mouths noisome breath, and cures the asthma of the old." + }, + { + "id": 19811, + "la": "Sed neque Medorum silvae, ditissima terra, nec pulcher Ganges atque auro turbidus Hermus laudibus Italiae certent, non Bactra neque Indi mp totaque turiferis Panchaia pinguis harenis", + "en": "But neither Medias groves, land of wondrous wealth, nor beauteous Ganges, nor Hermus, whose mud is gold, may rival the glories of Italy'not Bactra nor India, no, not all Araby, though its very sand be incense." + }, + { + "id": 19812, + "la": "haec loca non tauri spirantes naribus ignem invertere satis immanis dentibus hydri, nec galeis densisque virum seges horruit hastis; sed gravidae fruges et Bacchi Massicus umor implevere; tenent oleae armentaque laeta", + "en": "Never was our country 9 ploughed by fire-snorting bulls for the sowing of the grisly dragons teeth; nor have its fields bristled with the helms and serried lances of warriors. But the land was filled with teeming crops and Bacchus Massic juice; it is the home of the olive, the home of fattened flocks." + }, + { + "id": 19813, + "la": "hinc bellator equus campo sese arduus infert, hinc albi, Clitumne, greges et maxima taurus victima, saepe tuo perfusi flumine sacro, Romanos ad templa deum duxere triumphos", + "en": "Hence comes the war horse which proudly prances over the plain, hence the milk-white herds of the Clitumnus, and the bull, noblest of victims, which, bathed often in its sacred stream, have escorted Roman triumphs to the shrines of the gods." + }, + { + "id": 19814, + "la": "hic ver adsiduum atque alienis mensibus aestas: bis gravidae pecudes, bis pomis utilis arbos", + "en": "Here spring is perpetual, and summer extends to months other than her own; twice a year the cows calve, twice a year the trees serve us fruit." + }, + { + "id": 19815, + "la": "at rabidae tigres absunt et saeva leonum semina, nec miseros fallunt aconita legentis, nec rapit immensos orbis per humum neque tanto squameus in spiram tractu se colligit anguis", + "en": "Here are no ravening tigers or savage brood of lion; no aconite deceives the wretch who picks it, nor yet, sweeping huge coils along the ground, does the scaly snake with his vast train wind himself into a spiral." + }, + { + "id": 19816, + "la": "adde tot egregias urbes operumque laborem, tot congesta manu praeruptis oppida saxis fluminaque antiquos subterlabentia muros", + "en": "Count, too, those many stately cities, monument to human toil, and all the towns built by mans hand on rocky crags with rivers gliding beneath their immemorial walls." + }, + { + "id": 19817, + "la": "an mare, quod supra, memorem, quodque adluit infra? anne lacus tantos? te, Lari maxime, teque, fluctibus et fremitu adsurgens Benace marino? an memorem portus Lucrinoque addita claustra atque indignatum magnis stridoribus aequor, Iulia qua ponto longe sonat unda refuso Tyrrhenusque fretis immittitur aestus Avernis?", + "en": "Shall I tell of the sea that washes Italys shores above and that which breaks on her coasts below? 10 Or tell of her mighty lakes? Of you, Larius, the greatest, or you, Benacus, who swell with a seas surge and roar? Shall I tell of her harbours, and the barrier thrown across the Lucrine, and how Ocean clamours aloud in anger, where the Julian waters echo afar as the sea is flung back, and the Tyrrhenian tide pours into the channels of Avernus?" + }, + { + "id": 19818, + "la": "haec eadem argenti rivos aerisque metalla ostendit venis atque auro plurima fluxit", + "en": "This land has also streams of silver and mines of copper to show in her veins, and gold flows profusely in her rivers." + }, + { + "id": 19819, + "la": "haec genus acre virum, Marsos pubemque Sabellam adsuetumque malo Ligurem Volscosque verutos extulit, haec Decios, Marios magnosque Camillos, Scipiadas duros bello et te, maxime Caesar, qui nunc extremis Asiae iam victor in oris imbellem avertis Romanis arcibus Indum", + "en": "She has mothered a vigorous breed of men, Marsians and the Sabine stock, the Ligurian, inured to hardship, and the Volscian spearmen; the Decii, the Marii, the great Camilli, the Scipios, hardy warriors, and you, greatest of all, Caesar, who, already victorious in Asias farthest bounds, now drive the craven Indian from our hills of Rome." + }, + { + "id": 19820, + "la": "salve, magna parens frugum, Saturnia tellus, magna virum: tibi res antiquae laudis et artem ingredior, sanctos ausus recludere fontis, Ascraeumque cano Romana per oppida carmen", + "en": "Hail, land of Saturn, mighty mother of crops, mighty mother of men! For you I attempt a theme that claimed praise and skill in days of old; for you I dare to unseal the sacred springs, and through Roman towns to sing the song of Ascra." + }, + { + "id": 19821, + "la": "Nunc locus arvorum ingeniis, quae robora cuique, quis color et quae sit rebus natura ferendis", + "en": "Now give we place to the genius of soils, the strength of each, its hue, its native power for bearing." + }, + { + "id": 19822, + "la": "difficiles primum terrae collesque maligni, tenuis ubi argilla et dumosis calculus arvis, Palladia gaudent silva vivacis olivae", + "en": "First, then, churlish ground and unkindly hills, where there is lean clay, and gravel in the thorny fields, delight in Minervas grove of the long-lived olive." + }, + { + "id": 19823, + "la": "indicio est tractu surgens oleaster eodem plurimus et strati bacis silvestribus agri", + "en": "A token of this is the oleaster, springing up freely in the same space, and the ground strewn with its wild berries." + }, + { + "id": 19824, + "la": "at quae pinguis humus dulcique uligine laeta, quique frequens herbis et fertilis ubere campus (qualem saepe cava montis convalle solemus despicere; huc summis liquuntur rupibus amnes felicemque trahunt limum) quique editus Austro et filicem curvis invisam pascit aratris: hic tibi praevalidas olim multoque fluentis sufficiet Baccho vitis, hic fertilis uvae, hic laticis, qualem pateris libamus et auro, inflavit cum pinguis ebur Tyrrhenus ad aras, lancibus et pandis fumantia reddimus exta", + "en": "But a rich soil, which rejoices in sweet moisture, a level space thick with herbage and prolific in nutriment (such as we often see in the hollow of a mountain valley, for into it from the rocky heights pour the streams, bearing with them fattening mud), land which rises to the south and feeds the fern, that plague of the crooked plough'this land will some day yield you the hardiest of vines, streaming with the rich flood of Bacchus; this is fruitful in the grape, and in the juice we offer from bowls of gold, when the sleek Etruscan has blown his ivory horn beside the altar, and on bellied platters we present the steaming meat of sacrifice." + }, + { + "id": 19825, + "la": "Sin armenta magis studium vitulosque tueri, aut ovium fetum aut urentis culta capellas, saltus et saturi petito longinqua Tarenti, et qualem infelix amisit Mantua campum, pascentem niveos herboso flumine cycnos: non liquidi gregibus fontes, non gramina derunt, et quantum longis carpent armenta diebus, exigua tantum gelidus ros nocte reponet", + "en": "But if your business is rather the keeping of herds and calves, or breeding sheep, or goats that blight the plants, then haste to the glades and distant meads of rich Tarentum, or to such a plain as unhappy Mantua lost, giving food to snowy swans with its grassy stream. There the flocks will lack nor limpid springs nor herbage, and all that the herds will crop in the long days the chilly dew will restore in one short night." + }, + { + "id": 19826, + "la": "Nigra fere et presso pinguis sub vomere terra et cui putre solum (namque hoc imitamur arando), optima frumentis: non ullo ex aequore cernes plura domum tardis decedere plaustra iuvencis: aut unde iratus silvam devexit arator et nemora evertit multos ignava per annos, antiquasque domos avium cum stirpibus imis eruit; illae altum nidis petiere relictis, at rudis enituit impulso vomere campus", + "en": "Land that is black, and rich beneath the shares pressure and with a crumbly soil'for such a soil we try to rival with our ploughing'is, in the main, best for corn; from no other land will you see more wagons wending homeward behind slow bullocks; or land from which the angry ploughman has carried off the timber, levelling groves that have idled many a year, and tearing up by their deepest roots the olden homes of the birds'these leave their nests and seek the sky, but forthwith the untried plain glistens under the driven ploughshare." + }, + { + "id": 19827, + "la": "nam ieiuna quidem clivosi glarea ruris vix humilis apibus casias roremque ministrat, et tofus scaber et nigris exesa chelydris mpr creta negant alios aeque serpentibus agros dulcem ferre cibum et curvas praebere latebras", + "en": "For as to the hungry gravel of a hilly country, it scarce serves the bees with lowly spurge and rosemary; and the rough tufa and the chalk that black water snakes have eaten out betoken that no other lands give serpents food so sweet, or furnish such winding coverts." + }, + { + "id": 19828, + "la": "quae tenuem exhalat nebulam fumosque volucres et bibit umorem et, cum vult, ex se ipsa remittit, quaeque suo semper viridi se gramine vestit, nec scabie et salsa laedit robigine ferrum, illa tibi laetis intexet vitibus ulmos, illa ferax oleae est, illam experiere colendo et facilem pecori et patientem vomeris unci", + "en": "But if a soil exhales thin mists and curling vapours, if it drinks in moisture and throws it off again at will, if it always clothes itself in the verdure of its own grass, and harms not the steel with scurf and salt rust, that is the one to wreathe your elms in joyous vines, the one to be rich in oil of olive, the one you will find, as you till, to be indulgent to cattle and submissive to the crooked share." + }, + { + "id": 19829, + "la": "talem dives arat Capua et vicina Vesaevo ora iugo et vacuis Clanius non aequus Acerris", + "en": "Such is the soil rich Capua ploughs, and the coast near the Vesuvian ridge, and Clanius, unkindly to forlorn Acerrae." + }, + { + "id": 19830, + "la": "Nunc quo quamque modo possis cognoscere dicam", + "en": "Now I will tell you how you may distinguish each." + }, + { + "id": 19831, + "la": "rara sit an supra morem si densa requires (altera frumentis quoniam favet, altera Baccho, densa magis Cereri, rarissima quaeque Lyaeo), ante locum capies oculis, alteque iubebis in solido puteum demitti, omnemque repones rursus humum et pedibus summas aequabis harenas", + "en": "If you shall ask whether a soil be light or closer than is the wont'for one is friendly to corn, the other to the vine; the closer to Ceres, all the lightest to Lyaeus'you must first look out a place and bid a pit be sunk deep in the solid ground, then put all the earth back again, and tread the earth level at the top." + }, + { + "id": 19832, + "la": "si derunt, rarum pecorique et vitibus almis aptius uber erit; sin in sua posse negabunt ire loca et scrobibus superabit terra repletis, spissus ager: glaebas cunctantis crassaque terga exspecta et validis terram proscinde iuvencis", + "en": "If it fall short, this farm land will be light, and better suited for the herd and gracious vine; but if it shows that it cannot return to its place, and if there is earth to spare when the pit is filled, the soil is stiff: look for reluctant clods and stiffness of ridge, and have strong oxen break your ground." + }, + { + "id": 19833, + "la": "salsa autem tellus et quae perhibetur amara (frugibus infelix ea, nec mansuescit arando nec Baccho genus aut pomis sua nomina servat), tale dabit specimen: tu spisso vimine qualos colaque prelorum fumosis deripe tectis; huc ager ille malus dulcesque a fontibus undae ad plenum calcentur; aqua eluctabitur omnis scilicet et grandes ibunt per vimina guttae; at sapor indicium faciet manifestus, et ora tristia temptantum sensu torquebit amaro", + "en": "As for salty land, the kind called bitter (unfruitful it is for crops and mellows not in ploughing; it preserves not for the vine its lineage, or for apples their fame), it will allow this test: pull down from the smoky roof your closewoven wicker baskets and wine strainers: in these let that sorry soil, mixed with fresh spring water, be pressed in to the brim. You will see all the water trickle through and big drops pass between the osiers; but the taste will tell its tale full plainly, and with its bitter flavour will distort the testers soured mouths." + }, + { + "id": 19834, + "la": "pinguis item quae sit tellus, hoc denique pacto discimus: haud umquam manibus iactata fatiscit, sed picis in morem ad digitos lentescit habendo", + "en": "Again, richness of soil we learn in this way only: never does it crumble when worked in the hands, but like pitch grows sticky in the fingers when held." + }, + { + "id": 19835, + "la": "umida maiores herbas alit, ipsaque iusto laetior", + "en": "A moist soil rears taller grass and is of itself unduly prolific." + }, + { + "id": 19836, + "la": "a, nimium ne sit mihi fertilis illa, nec se praevalidam primis ostendat aristis! quae gravis est, ipso tacitam se pondere prodit, quaeque levis", + "en": "Ah! not mine be that over-fruitful soil, and may it not show itself too strong when the ears are young! A heavy soil betrays itself silently by its own weight; so does a light one." + }, + { + "id": 19837, + "la": "promptum est oculis praediscere nigram, et quis cui color", + "en": "It is easy for the eye to learn at once a black soil and the hue of any kind." + }, + { + "id": 19838, + "la": "at sceleratum exquirere frigus difficile est: piceae tantum taxique nocentes interdum aut hederae pandunt vestigia nigrae", + "en": "But to detect the villainous cold is hard; only pitch pines or baleful yews and black ivy sometimes reveal its traces." + }, + { + "id": 19839, + "la": "His animadversis terram multo ante memento excoquere et magnos scrobibus concidere montis, ante supinatas Aquiloni ostendere glaebas, quam laetum infodias vitis genus", + "en": "These points observed, remember first to bake the ground well, to cut up the huge knolls with trenches, and to expose the upturned clods to the North wind, long before you plant the vines gladsome stock." + }, + { + "id": 19840, + "la": "optima putri arva solo: id venti curant gelidaeque pruinae et labefacta movens robustus iugera fossor", + "en": "Fields of crumbling soil are the best; to this the winds see, the chill frosts, and the stout delver, who loosens and stirs the acres." + }, + { + "id": 19841, + "la": "at si quos haud ulla viros vigilantia fugit, ante locum similem exquirunt, ubi prima paretur arboribus seges et quo mox digesta feratur, mutatam ignorent subito ne semina matrem", + "en": "But men whose watchful care nothing escapes first seek out like plots'one where the crop may be nursed in infancy for its supporting trees, and one to which it may be moved anon when planted out, lest the nurslings should fail to recognize the mother suddenly changed." + }, + { + "id": 19842, + "la": "quin etiam caeli regionem in cortice signant, ut quo quaeque modo steterit, qua parte calores austrinos tulerit, quae terga obverterit axi, restituant: adeo in teneris consuescere multum est", + "en": "Nay, they print on the bark of the trees the quarter of the sky each faced, so as to restore the position in which they stood, the same side bearing the southern heat and the same back turned to the north pole; so strong is habit in tender years." + }, + { + "id": 19843, + "la": "Collibus an plano melius sit ponere vitem, quaere prius", + "en": "First inquire whether it be better to plant the vine on hills or on the plain." + }, + { + "id": 19844, + "la": "si pinguis agros metabere campi, densa sere; in denso non segnior ubere Bacchus: sin tumulis adclive solum collesque supinos, indulge ordinibus; nec setius omnis in unguem arboribus positis secto via limite quadret", + "en": "If it is rich level ground you lay out, plant close; in close-planted soil not less fertile is the wine god. But if it is a soil of rising mounds and sloping hills, give the ranks room; yet none the less, when the trees are set, let all the paths, with clear-cut line, square to a nicety." + }, + { + "id": 19845, + "la": "ut saepe ingenti bello cum longa cohortis explicuit legio et campo stetit agmen aperto, derectaeque acies, ac late fluctuat omnis aere renidenti tellus, necdum horrida miscent proelia, sed dubius mediis Mars errat in armis: omnia sint paribus numeris dimensa viarum; non animum modo uti pascat prospectus inanem, sed quia non aliter vires dabit omnibus aequas terra neque in vacuum poterunt se extendere rami", + "en": "As oft, in mighty warfare, when the legion deploys its companies in long array and the column halts on the open plain, when the lines are drawn out, and far and wide all the land ripples with the gleam of steel, not yet is the grim conflict joined, but the war god wanders in doubt between the hosts: so let all your vineyard be meted out in even and uniform paths, not merely that the view may feed an idle fancy, but because only thus will the earth give equal strength to all, and the boughs be able to reach forth into free air." + }, + { + "id": 19846, + "la": "Forsitan et scrobibus quae sint fastigia quaeras", + "en": "Perchance you ask also what should be the trenches depth." + }, + { + "id": 19847, + "la": "ausim vel tenui vitem committere sulco altior ac penitus terrae defigitur arbos, aesculus in primis, quae quantum vertice ad auras aetherias, tantum radice in Tartara tendit", + "en": "I should venture to entrust a vine even to a shallow furrow, but deeper and far within the earth is sunk the supporting tree, above all the great oak, which strikes its roots down towards the nether pit as far as it lifts its top to the airs of heaven." + }, + { + "id": 19848, + "la": "ergo non hiemes illam, non flabra neque imbres convellunt; immota manet, multosque nepotes, multa virum volvens durando saecula vincit", + "en": "Hence no winter storms, no blasts or rains, uproot it; unmoved it abides, and many generations, many ages of men it outlives, letting them roll by while it endures." + }, + { + "id": 19849, + "la": "tum fortis late ramos et bracchia tendens huc illuc, media ipsa ingentem sustinet umbram", + "en": "Stout limbs, too, and arms it stretches far, this side and that, itself in the centre upholding a mass of shade." + }, + { + "id": 19850, + "la": "Neve tibi ad solem vergant vineta cadentem, neve inter vitis corylum sere, neve flagella mpr summa pete aut summa defringe ex arbore plantas (tantus amor terrae), neu ferro laede retunso semina, neve oleae silvestris insere truncos", + "en": "Let not your vineyards slope towards the setting sun, nor plant the hazel among the vines, nor lop the highest sprays, nor pluck cuttings from the treetop'so strong is their love of the earth'nor hurt young plants with a blunted knife, nor engraft wild trunks of olive." + }, + { + "id": 19851, + "la": "nam saepe incautis pastoribus excidit ignis, qui furtim pingui primum sub cortice tectus robora comprendit, frondesque elapsus in altas ingentem caelo sonitum dedit;", + "en": "For oft from thoughtless shepherds falls a spark, which, lurking at first unseen under the rich bark, fastens on the trunk, and, gliding to the leaves aloft, sends to heaven a mighty roar;" + }, + { + "id": 19852, + "la": "inde secutus per ramos victor perque alta cacumina regnat, et totum involvit flammis nemus et ruit atram ad caelum picea crassus caligine nubem, praesertim si tempestas a vertice silvis incubuit, glomeratque ferens incendia ventus", + "en": "then, running on, reigns supreme among all the boughs and high treetops, wrapping all the grove in fire, and belching skyward black clouds of thick pitchy darkness; most of all, if a tempest from above has swooped down upon the woods, and a favouring wind masses the flames." + }, + { + "id": 19853, + "la": "hoc ubi, non a stirpe valent caesaeque reverti possunt atque ima similes revirescere terra; infelix superat foliis oleaster amaris", + "en": "When this befalls, the trees are without virtue in their stock, and when cut down cannot revive or from the earths depths resume their olden bloom: the luckless oleaster with bitter leaves alone survives." + }, + { + "id": 19854, + "la": "Nec tibi tam prudens quisquam persuadeat auctor tellurem Borea rigidam spirante movere", + "en": "And let no counsellor seem so wise as to persuade you to stir the stiff soil when the North Wind blows." + }, + { + "id": 19855, + "la": "rura gelu tunc claudit hiems nec semine iacto concretam patitur radicem adfigere terrae", + "en": "Then winter grips the land with frost, and when the plant is set suffers it not to fasten its frozen root in the earth." + }, + { + "id": 19856, + "la": "optima vinetis satio, cum vere rubente candida venit avis longis invisa colubris, prima vel autumni sub frigora, cum rapidus Sol nondum hiemem contingit equis, iam praeterit aestas", + "en": "The best planting season for vines is when in blushing spring the white bird, the foe of long snakes, is come, or close on autumns first cold, while the hot sun does not as yet touch winter with his car, and summer now is waning." + }, + { + "id": 19857, + "la": "ver adeo frondi nemorum, ver utile silvis, vere tument terrae et genitalia semina poscunt", + "en": "Spring it is that clothes the glades and forests with leaves, in spring the soil swells and craves the vital seed." + }, + { + "id": 19858, + "la": "tum pater omnipotens fecundis imbribus Aether coniugis in gremium laetae descendit, et omnis magnus alit magno commixtus corpore fetus", + "en": "Then does Heaven, sovereign father, descend in fruitful showers into the womb of his joyful consort and, mightily mingling with her mighty frame, gives life to every embryo within." + }, + { + "id": 19859, + "la": "avia tum resonant avibus virgulta canoris, et Venerem certis repetunt armenta diebus; parturit almus ager Zephyrique tepentibus auris laxant arva sinus; superat tener omnibus umor, inque novos soles audent se gramina tuto credere, nec metuit surgentis pampinus Austros aut actum caelo magnis Aquilonibus imbrem,", + "en": "Then secluded thickets echo with melodious birdsong and at the trysting hour the herds renew their loves; the bounteous earth prepares to give birth, and the meadows ungirdle to the Zephyrs balmy breeze; the tender moisture avails for all. The grass safely dares to face the nascent suns, nor does the vine tendril fear the South Winds rising or showers launched from the skies by the blustering North," + }, + { + "id": 19860, + "la": "sed trudit gemmas et frondes explicat omnis", + "en": "but puts forth buds and unfurls its every leaf." + }, + { + "id": 19861, + "la": "non alios prima crescentis origine mundi inluxisse dies aliumve habuisse tenorem crediderim: ver illud erat, ver magnus agebat orbis et hibernis parcebant flatibus Euri, cum primae lucem pecudes hausere, virumque terrea progenies duris caput extulit arvis, immissaeque ferae silvis et sidera caelo", + "en": "Such days as these, I can imagine well, shone at the dawn of the infant world and took no different course: springtime it was, the whole wide world was keeping spring, and the east winds spared their icy blasts: then the first cattle drank in the light, the earthborn race of men reared its head from the stony plains, and the woods were stocked with game, the firmament with stars." + }, + { + "id": 19862, + "la": "nec res hunc tenerae possent perferre laborem, si non tanta quies iret frigusque caloremque inter, et exciperet caeli indulgentia terras", + "en": "Nor could the tender beings endure the worlds harshness, did not between the seasons cold and heat come such repose, and earth receive the blessing of a clement sky." + }, + { + "id": 19863, + "la": "Quod superest, quaecumque premes virgulta per agros, sparge fimo pingui et multa memor occule terra, aut lapidem bibulum aut squalentis infode conchas; inter enim labentur aquae, tenuisque subibit halitus atque animos tollent sata", + "en": "Furthermore, whatever cuttings you plant in your fields, sprinkle them with rich dung, and forget not to cover them with deep soil; or bury with them porous stone or rough shells; for the water will glide between, the airs searching breath will steal in, and the plants sown will take heart." + }, + { + "id": 19864, + "la": "iamque reperti, qui saxo super atque ingentis pondere testae mprv urgerent: hoc effusos munimen ad imbres, hoc, ubi hiulca siti findit Canis aestifer arva", + "en": "And, ere now, some have been known to overlay them with stones and jars of heavy weight, thus shielding them against pelting showers, and against the time when the sultry Dog Star splits the fields that gape with thirst." + }, + { + "id": 19865, + "la": "Seminibus positis superest diducere terram saepius ad capita et duros iactare bidentis, aut presso exercere solum sub vomere et ipsa flectere luctantis inter vineta iuvencos; tum levis calamos et rasae hastilia virgae fraxineasque aptare sudes furcasque valentis, viribus eniti quarum et contemnere ventos adsuescant summasque sequi tabulata per ulmos", + "en": "When the sets are planted, it remains for you to break up the soil oft-times at the roots, and to swing the ponderous hoe, or to ply the soil under the shares pressure and turn your toiling bullocks even between your vineyard rows; then to shape smooth canes, shafts of peeled rods, ashen stakes and stout forks, by whose aid the vines may learn to mount, scorn the winds, and run from tier to tier amid the elm tops." + }, + { + "id": 19866, + "la": "Ac dum prima novis adolescit frondibus aetas, parcendum teneris, et dum se laetus ad auras palmes agit laxis per purum immissus habenis, ipsa acie nondum falcis temptanda, sed uncis carpendae manibus frondes interque legendae", + "en": "And when their early youth has fresh leaves budding, you must spare their weakness, and while the shoot, speeding through the void with loosened reins, pushes joyously skyward, you must not yet attack the plants themselves with the knifes edge, but with bent fingers pluck the leaves and pick them here and there." + }, + { + "id": 19867, + "la": "inde ubi iam validis amplexae stirpibus ulmos exierint, tum stringe comas, tum bracchia tonde (ante reformidant ferrum), tum denique dura exerce imperia et ramos compesce fluentis", + "en": "Later, when they have shot up and their stout stems have now clasped the elms, then strip their locks and clip their arms'before they shrink from the knife'then at last set up an iron sway and check the flowing branches." + }, + { + "id": 19868, + "la": "Texendae saepes etiam et pecus omne tenendum, praecipue dum frons tenera imprudensque laborum; cui super indignas hiemes solemque potentem silvestres uri adsidue capreaeque sequaces inludunt, pascuntur oves avidaeque iuvencae", + "en": "You must also weave hedges, and keep out all cattle, chiefly while the leafage is tender and knows naught of trials, for besides unfeeling winters and the suns tyranny, ever do wild buffaloes and pestering roes make sport of it; sheep and greedy heifers feed upon it." + }, + { + "id": 19869, + "la": "frigora nec tantum cana concreta pruina aut gravis incumbens scopulis arentibus aestas, mpr quantum illi nocuere greges durique venenum dentis et admorso signata in stirpe cicatrix", + "en": "No cold, stiff with hoar frost, no summer heat, brooding heavily over parched crags, has done it such harm as the flocks and the venom of their sharp tooth, and the scar impressed on the deepgnawed stem." + }, + { + "id": 19870, + "la": "non aliam ob culpam Baccho caper omnibus aris caeditur et veteres ineunt proscaenia ludi, praemiaque ingeniis pagos et compita circum Thesidae posuere, atque inter pocula laeti mollibus in pratis unctos saluere per utres", + "en": "For no other crime is it that a goat is slain to Bacchus at every altar, and the olden plays enter on the stage; for this the sons of Theseus set up prizes for wit in their villages and at the crossways, and gaily danced in the soft meadows on oiled goatskins." + }, + { + "id": 19871, + "la": "nec non Ausonii, Troia gens missa, coloni versibus incomptis ludunt risuque soluto, oraque corticibus sumunt horrenda cavatis, et te, Bacche, vocant per carmina laeta, tibique oscilla ex alta suspendunt mollia pinu", + "en": "Even so Ausonias swains, a race sent from Troy, disport with rude verses and laughter unrestrained, and put on hideous masks of hollow cork, and call on you, Bacchus, in joyous songs, and to you hang waving amulets from the tall pine." + }, + { + "id": 19872, + "la": "hinc omnis largo pubescit vinea fetu, complentur vallesque cavae saltusque profundi et quocumque deus circum caput egit honestum", + "en": "Hence every vineyard ripens in generous increase; fullness comes to hollow valleys and deep glades, and every spot towards which the god has turned his comely face." + }, + { + "id": 19873, + "la": "ergo rite suum Baccho dicemus honorem carminibus patriis lancesque et liba feremus, et ductus cornu stabit sacer hircus ad aram, pinguiaque in veribus torrebimus exta colurnis", + "en": "Duly, then, in our countrys songs we will chant for Bacchus the praise he claims, bringing him cakes and dishes; the doomed hegoat, led by the horn, shall stand at the altar, and the rich flesh we will roast on spits of hazel." + }, + { + "id": 19874, + "la": "Est etiam ille labor curandis vitibus alter, cui numquam exhausti satis est: namque omne quotannis terque quaterque solum scindendum glaebaque versis aeternum frangenda bidentibus, omne levandum fronde nemus", + "en": "There is, too, this other task of dressing the vines whereon never is enough care taken; for thrice or four times each year must all your soil be split open, and the clods broken unceasingly with hoe reversed, and all the grove lightened of its foliage." + }, + { + "id": 19875, + "la": "redit agricolis labor actus in orbem, atque in se sua per vestigia volvitur annus", + "en": "The farmers toil returns, moving in a circle, as the year rolls back upon itself over its own footsteps." + }, + { + "id": 19876, + "la": "ac iam olim seras posuit cum vinea frondes, frigidus et silvis Aquilo decussit honorem, iam tum acer curas venientem extendit in annum rusticus, et curvo Saturni dente relictam persequitur vitem attondens fingitque putando", + "en": "And already, whenever the vineyard has shed her autumn leafage, and the North Wind has shaken their glory from the woods'already then the keen farmer extends his care to the coming year, and pursues the vine he had left, lopping it with Saturns crooked knife and pruning it into shape." + }, + { + "id": 19877, + "la": "primus humum fodito, primus devecta cremato sarmenta et vallos primus sub tecta referto; postremus metito", + "en": "Be the first to dig the ground, first to bear away and fire the prunings, first to carry the poles under cover: be the last to reap." + }, + { + "id": 19878, + "la": "bis vitibus ingruit umbra, bis segetem densis obducunt sentibus herbae; durus uterque labor: laudato ingentia rura, exiguum colito", + "en": "Twice the shade thickens on the vines; twice weeds cover the vineyard with thronging briars. Heavy is either toil: Give praise to large estates, farm a small one." + }, + { + "id": 19879, + "la": "nec non etiam aspera rusti vimina per silvam et ripis fluvialis harundo caeditur, incultique exercet cura salicti", + "en": "Further, rough shoots of broom must be cut amid the woods, and river rushes on the banks, and the care of the wild willow bed keeps you at work." + }, + { + "id": 19880, + "la": "iam vinctae vites, iam falcem arbusta reponunt, iam canit effectos extremus vinitor antes: sollicitanda tamen tellus pulvisque movendus, et iam maturis metuendus Iuppiter uvis", + "en": "Now the vines are bound, now the vineyard lays by the pruning knife, now the last vine dresser sings of his finished rows: still you have to worry the soil and stir the dust, and fear Joves rains for your now ripened grapes." + }, + { + "id": 19881, + "la": "Contra, non ulla est oleis cultura, neque illae procurvam exspectant falcem rastrosque tenacis, cum semel haeserunt arvis aurasque tulerunt; ipsa satis tellus, cum dente recluditur unco, sufficit umorem et gravidas, cum vomere, fruges", + "en": "Olives, on the other hand, need no tending; they look not for the crooked knife or gripping mattock, when once they have laid hold of the fields and braved the breeze. Earth of herself, when opened with the hoes curved fang, yields moisture enough for the plants, and teeming fruits, when opened by the plough." + }, + { + "id": 19882, + "la": "hoc pinguem et placitam Paci nutritor olivam", + "en": "After this mode nurture the plump olive, favoured of Peace." + }, + { + "id": 19883, + "la": "Poma quoque, ut primum truncos sensere valentis et vires habuere suas, ad sidera raptim vi propria nituntur opisque haud indiga nostrae", + "en": "Fruit trees, too, so soon as they feel their stems firm, and come to their strength, swiftly push forth skyward with inborn force, needing no help from us." + }, + { + "id": 19884, + "la": "nec minus interea fetu nemus omne gravescit, sanguineisque inculta rubent aviaria bacis", + "en": "No less, meanwhile, does every wood grow heavy with fruit, and the birds wild haunts blush with crimson berries." + }, + { + "id": 19885, + "la": "tondentur cytisi, taedas silva alta ministrat, pascunturque ignes nocturni et lumina fundunt", + "en": "Cattle browse on the cytisus, the high wood yields pine brands, the fires of night are fed and pour forth light." + }, + { + "id": 19886, + "la": "et dubitant homines serere atque impendere curam? quid maiora sequar? salices humilesque genistae, aut illae pecori frondem aut pastoribus umbram sufficiunt saepemque satis et pabula melli", + "en": "And can men be slow to plant and bestow care? Why need I pursue greater themes? 20 The willows and lowly broom'they either yield leafage for the sheep or shade for the shepherd, a fence for the crops and food for honey." + }, + { + "id": 19887, + "la": "et iuvat undantem buxo spectare Cytorum Naryciaeque picis lucos, iuvat arva videre non rastris, hominum non ulli obnoxia curae", + "en": "And what joy it is to gaze on Cytorus waving with boxwood, and on groves of Narycian pitch! What joy to view fields that owe no debt to the harrow, none to the care of man!" + }, + { + "id": 19888, + "la": "ipsae Caucasio steriles in vertice silvae, quas animosi Euri adsidue franguntque feruntque, dant alios aliae fetus, dant utile lignum navigiis pinos, domibus cedrumque cupressosque;", + "en": "Even the barren woods on Caucasian peaks, which angry eastern gales ever toss and tear, yield products, each after its kind, yield useful timber, pines for ships, cedars and cypresses for houses." + }, + { + "id": 19889, + "la": "hinc radios trivere rotis, hinc tympana plaustris agricolae, et pandas ratibus posuere carinas", + "en": "From these the farmers turn spokes for wheels, or drums for their wains; from these they lay broad keels for boats." + }, + { + "id": 19890, + "la": "viminibus salices fecundae, frondibus ulmi, at myrtus validis hastilibus et bona bello cornus, Ituraeos taxi torquentur in arcus", + "en": "The willows wealth is in its osiers, the elms in its leaves, but the myrtle and the cornel, that weapon of war, abound in stout spear shafts; yews are bent into Ituraean bows." + }, + { + "id": 19891, + "la": "nec tiliae leves aut torno rasile buxum non formam accipiunt ferroque cavantur acuto", + "en": "So, too, smooth lindens and the box, polished by the lathe, take shape and are hollowed by the sharp steel." + }, + { + "id": 19892, + "la": "nec non et torrentem undam levis innatat alnus missa Pado, nec non et apes examina condunt corticibusque cavis vitiosaeque ilicis alvo", + "en": "So, too, the light alder, launched upon the Po, swims the raging stream; so, too, the bees hive their swarms in the hollow cork-trees, and in the heart of a rotting ilex." + }, + { + "id": 19893, + "la": "quid memorandum aeque Baccheia dona tulerunt? Bacchus et ad culpam causas dedit; ille furentis Centauros leto domuit, Rhoetumque Pholumque et magno Hylaeum Lapithis cratere minantem", + "en": "What boon of equal note have the gifts of Bacchus yielded? Bacchus has even given occasion of offence. It was he who quelled in death the maddened Centaurs, Rhoetus, and Pholus, and Hylaeus, as he aimed his massive flagon at the Lapiths." + }, + { + "id": 19894, + "la": "O fortunatos nimium, sua si bona norint, agricolas! quibus ipsa, procul discordibus armis, fundit humo facilem victum iustissima tellus", + "en": "O farmers, happy beyond measure, could they but know their blessings! For them, far from the clash of arms, most righteous Earth, unbidden, pours forth from her soil an easy sustenance." + }, + { + "id": 19895, + "la": "si non ingentem foribus domus alta superbis mane salutantum totis vomit aedibus undam, nec varios inhiant pulchra testudine postis inlusasque auro vestes Ephyreiaque aera, alba neque Assyrio fucatur lana veneno, nec casia liquidi corrumpitur usus olivi: at secura quies et nescia fallere vita, dives opum variarum, at latis otia fundis, speluncae vivique lacus et frigida Tempe mugitusque boum mollesque sub arbore somni non absunt;", + "en": "If no stately mansion with proud portals disgorges from its halls at dawn a flood of those who have come to greet its lord, if they never gaze at doors inlaid with lovely tortoiseshell or at draperies tricked with gold or at bronzes of Ephyra, if their wools whiteness is not stained with Assyrian dyes or the service of their clear oil is not spoiled with cassia: yet they have sleep free from anxiety, a life that is innocent of guile and rich with untold treasures. The peace of broad domains, caverns, and natural lakes, and cool vales, the lowing of oxen, and soft slumbers beneath the trees'all are theirs." + }, + { + "id": 19896, + "la": "illic saltus ac lustra ferarum, et patiens operum exiguoque adsueta iuventus, sacra deum sanctique patres: extrema per illos Iustitia excedens terris vestigia fecit", + "en": "They have woodland glades and the haunts of game; a youth hardened to toil and inured to scanty fare; worship of gods and reverence for age; among them, as she departed from the earth, Justice left the last imprint of her feet." + }, + { + "id": 19897, + "la": "Me vero primum dulces ante omnia Musae, quarum sacra fero ingenti percussus amore, accipiant caelique vias et sidera monstrent, defectus solis varios lunaeque labores; unde tremor terris, qua vi maria alta tumescant obicibus ruptis rursusque in se ipsa residant, quid tantum Oceano properent se tinguere soles hiberni, vel quae tardis mora noctibus obstet", + "en": "But as for me'first may the Muses, sweet beyond compare, whose holy emblems, under the spell of a mighty love, I bear, take me to themselves, and show me heavens pathways, the stars, the suns many eclipses, the moons many labours; whence come tremblings of the earth, the force to make deep seas swell and burst their barriers, then sink back upon themselves; why winter suns hasten so fast to dip in Ocean, or what delays clog the laggard nights." + }, + { + "id": 19898, + "la": "sin, has ne possim naturae accedere pratis, frigidus obstiterit circum praecordia sanguis, rura mihi et rigui placeant in vallibus amnes, flumina amem silvasque inglorius", + "en": "But if the chill blood about my heart bar me from reaching those realms of nature, let my delight be the country, and the running streams amid the dells'may I love the waters and the woods, though I be unknown to fame." + }, + { + "id": 19899, + "la": "o ubi campi Spercheosque et virginibus bacchata Lacaenis Taygeta! o qui me gelidis convallibus Haemi sistat et ingenti ramorum protegat umbra!", + "en": "O for those plains, and Spercheus, and Taygetus, where Spartan girls hold Bacchic rites! O for one to set me in the cool glens of Haemus, and shield me under the branches giant shade!" + }, + { + "id": 19900, + "la": "Felix, qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas, atque metus omnis et inexorabile fatum subiecit pedibus strepitumque Acherontis avari", + "en": "Blessed is he who has succeeded in learning the laws of natures working, has cast beneath his feet all fear and fates implacable decree, and the howl of insatiable Death." + }, + { + "id": 19901, + "la": "fortunatus et ille, deos qui novit agrestis, Panaque Silvanumque senem Nymphasque sorores", + "en": "But happy, too, is he who knows the rural gods, Pan and aged Silvanus and the sisterhood of the Nymphs." + }, + { + "id": 19902, + "la": "illum non populi fasces, non purpura regum flexit et infidos agitans discordia fratres, aut coniurato descendens Dacus ab Histro, non res Romanae perituraque regna; neque ille aut doluit miserans inopem aut invidit habenti", + "en": "Him no honours the people give can move, no purple worn by despots, no strife which leads brother to betray brother; untroubled is he by Dacian incursion swooping down from a Danube leagued in war, untroubled by Romes policies spelling doom to kingdoms; if he has not felt pity for the poor, he has never envied the rich." + }, + { + "id": 19903, + "la": "quos rami fructus, quos ipsa volentia rura sponte tulere sua, carpsit, nec ferrea iura insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit", + "en": "He plucks the fruits which his boughs, which his willing fields, have freely borne; nor has he beheld the iron rigours of the law, the Forums madness, or the public archives." + }, + { + "id": 19904, + "la": "sollicitant alii remis freta caeca, ruuntque in ferrum, penetrant aulas et limina regum; hic petit excidiis urbem miserosque penates, ut gemma bibat et Sarrano dormiat ostro; condit opes alius defossoque incubat auro; hic stupet attonitus rostris; hunc plausus hiantem per cuneos geminatus enim plebisque patrumque corripuit; gaudent perfusi sanguine fratrum, exsilioque domos et dulcia limina mutant atque alio patriam quaerunt sub sole iacentem", + "en": "Others brave with oars seas unknown, dash upon the sword, or press their way into courts and the chambers of kings. One wreaks ruin on a city and its wretched homes, and all to drink from a jewelled cup and sleep on Tyrian purple; another hoards wealth and gloats over buried gold; one stares in admiration at the rostra; another, open-mouthed, is carried away by the applause of high and low which rolls again and again along the benches. They steep themselves in their brothers blood and glory in it; they barter their sweet homes and hearths for exile and seek a country that lies beneath an alien sun." + }, + { + "id": 19905, + "la": "Agricola incurvo terram dimovit aratro: hinc anni labor, hinc patriam parvosque nepotes sustinet, hinc armenta boum meritosque iuvencos", + "en": "Meanwhile the husbandman has been cleaving the soil with crooked plough; hence comes his years work, hence comes sustenance for his country and his little grandsons, hence for his herds of cows and faithful bullocks." + }, + { + "id": 19906, + "la": "nec requies, quin aut pomis exuberet annus aut fetu pecorum aut Cerealis mergite culmi, proventuque oneret sulcos atque horrea vincat", + "en": "No respite is there, but the season teems either with fruits, or with increase of the herds, or with the sheaves of Ceres corn, loading the furrows with its yield and bursting the barns." + }, + { + "id": 19907, + "la": "venit hiems: teritur Sicyonia baca trapetis, glande sues laeti redeunt, dant arbuta silvae; et varios ponit fetus autumnus, et alte mitis in apricis coquitur vindemia saxis", + "en": "Winter is come; Sicyons berry is bruised in the mill, the swine come home gladdened with acorns, the forests yield arbutes, or autumn sheds its varied produce, and high on the sunny rocks basks the mellow vintage." + }, + { + "id": 19908, + "la": "interea dulces pendent circum oscula nati, casta pudicitiam servat domus, ubera vaccae lactea demittunt, pinguesque in gramine laeto", + "en": "Meanwhile his dear children hang upon his kisses; his unstained home guards its purity; the cows droop milk-laden udders, and on the glad sward, horn to horn, the fat kids wrestle." + }, + { + "id": 19909, + "la": "iam nunc sollemnis ducere pompas ad delubra iuvat caesosque videre iuvencos, vel scaena ut versis discedat frontibus utque purpurea intexti tollant aulaea Britanni", + "en": "Even now I long to escort the stately procession to the shrine and witness the slaughter of the steers; and see how the scene on the stage changes as the sets revolve and how Britons raise the crimson curtain they are woven into." + }, + { + "id": 19910, + "la": "in foribus pugnam ex auro solidoque elephanto Gangaridum faciam victorisque arma Quirini, atque hic undantem bello magnumque fluentem Nilum ac navali surgentis aere columnas", + "en": "On the temple doors I have sculptured in solid gold and ivory the battle of Ganges hordes 5 and the arms of conquering Quirites; there, too, the Nile in flood and billowing with war, and lofty columns clad with the bronze prows of hostile fleets." + }, + { + "id": 19911, + "la": "addam urbes Asiae domitas pulsumque Niphaten fidentemque fuga Parthum versisque sagittis et duo rapta manu diverso ex hoste tropaea bisque triumphatas utroque ab litore gentes", + "en": "I will add Asias vanquished cities, the routed Niphates, and the Parthian relying on flight and arrows launched behind him; two trophies snatched by force from far-sundered foes, and the two nations that yielded a double triumph from Oceans either shore." + }, + { + "id": 19912, + "la": "stabunt et Parii lapides, spirantia signa, Assaraci proles demissaeque ab Iove gentis nomina Trosque parens et Troiae Cynthius auctor", + "en": "Here in Parian marble shall stand statues breathing life, the lineage of Assaracus and the glorious names of Jupiters race, Tros, our ancestor, and Cynthian Apollo, architect of Troy." + }, + { + "id": 19913, + "la": "Invidia infelix Furias amnemque severum Cocyti metuet tortosque Ixionis anguis immanemque rotam et non exsuperabile saxum", + "en": "Wretched Envy shall cower before the Furies and Hells stern stream, before the snaky bonds and ghastly wheel of Ixion, and the stone beyond the tricksters mastering." + }, + { + "id": 19914, + "la": "Interea Dryadum silvas saltusque sequamur intactos, tua, Maecenas, haud mollia iussa", + "en": "Meanwhile, haste we to the Dryads woodlands and untrodden glades, no easy task, Maecenas, that you have laid upon me." + }, + { + "id": 19915, + "la": "te sine nil altum mens incohat: en age, segnis rumpe moras; vocat ingenti clamore Cithaeron Taygetique canes domitrixque Epidaurus equorum, et vox adsensu nemorum ingeminata remugit", + "en": "Without your inspiration my mind can essay no lofty theme; arise then, break with slow delay! With mighty clamour Cithaeron calls, and Taygetus hounds and Epidaurus, tamer of horses; and the cry, doubled by the applauding groves, rings back." + }, + { + "id": 19916, + "la": "mox tamen ardentis accingar dicere pugnas Caesaris et nomen fama tot ferre per annos, Tithoni prima quot abest ab origine Caesar", + "en": "Yet soon I will gird me to sing Caesars fiery fights, and bear his name in story through as many years as Caesar is distant from the far-off birth of Tithonus." + }, + { + "id": 19917, + "la": "Seu quis Olympiacae miratus praemia palmae pascit equos, seu quis fortis ad aratra iuvencos, corpora praecipue matrum legat", + "en": "Whether a man aspires to the prize of Olympias palm and breeds horses, or rears bullocks, strong for the plough, let his chief care be to choose the mould of the dams." + }, + { + "id": 19918, + "la": "optima torvae forma bovis, cui turpe caput, cui plurima cervix, et crurum tenus a mento palearia pendent; tum longo nullus lateri modus; omnia magna, pes etiam; et camuris hirtae sub cornibus aures", + "en": "The best-formed cow is fierce looking, her head ugly, her neck thick, and her dewlaps hanging down from chin to legs. Moreover, her long flank has no limit; all points are large, even the feet; and under the crooked horns are shaggy ears." + }, + { + "id": 19919, + "la": "nec mihi displiceat maculis insignis et albo, aut iuga detrectans interdumque aspera cornu et faciem tauro propior, quaeque ardua tota et gradiens ima verrit vestigia cauda", + "en": "Nor should I dislike one marked with white spots, or impatient of the yoke, at times fierce with the horn, and more like a bull in face; tall throughout, and as she steps sweeping her footprints with the tails tip." + }, + { + "id": 19920, + "la": "aetas Lucinam iustosque pati hymenaeos desinit ante decem, post quattuor incipit annos; cetera nec feturae habilis nec fortis aratris", + "en": "The age to bear motherhood and lawful wedlock ends before the tenth year, and begins after the fourth; the rest of their life is neither fit for breeding nor strong for the plough." + }, + { + "id": 19921, + "la": "interea, superat gregibus dum laeta iuventas, solve mares; mitte in Venerem pecuaria primus, atque aliam ex alia generando suffice prolem", + "en": "Meantime, while lusty youth still abides in the herds, let loose the males; be first to send your cattle to mate, and supply stock after stock by breeding." + }, + { + "id": 19922, + "la": "optima quaeque dies miseris mortalibus aevi prima fugit; subeunt morbi tristisque senectus et labor, et durae rapit inclementia mortis", + "en": "Lifes fairest days are ever the first to flee for hapless mortals; on creep diseases, and gloomy age, and suffering; and stern deaths ruthlessness sweeps us away." + }, + { + "id": 19923, + "la": "semper erunt, quarum mutari corpora malis: semper enim refice ac, ne post amissa requiras, anteveni et subolem armento sortire quotannis", + "en": "Ever will there be some cows whose mould you would wish to change; ever, I pray, renew them, and, lest too late you regret your losses, keep in advance, and year by year choose new stock for the herd." + }, + { + "id": 19924, + "la": "Nec non et pecori est idem delectus equino", + "en": "Likewise for your breed of horses is the same choice needed." + }, + { + "id": 19925, + "la": "tu modo, quos in spem statues submittere gentis, praecipuum iam inde a teneris impende laborem", + "en": "Only, upon those whom you mean to rear for the hope of the race, be sure to spend special pains, even from their early youth." + }, + { + "id": 19926, + "la": "continuo pecoris generosi pullus in arvis altius ingreditur et mollia crura reponit;", + "en": "From the first, the foal of a noble breed steps higher in the fields and brings down his feet lightly." + }, + { + "id": 19927, + "la": "primus et ire viam et fluvios temptare minacis audet et ignoto sese committere ponti, nec vanos horret strepitus", + "en": "Boldly he leads the way, braves threatening rivers, entrusts himself to an untried bridge, and starts not at idle sounds." + }, + { + "id": 19928, + "la": "illi ardua cervix argutumque caput, brevis alvus obesaque terga, luxuriatque toris animosum pectus", + "en": "His neck is high, his head clean-cut, his belly short, his back plump, and his gallant chest is rich in muscles." + }, + { + "id": 19929, + "la": "honesti spadices glaucique, color deterrimus albis et gilvo", + "en": "Good colours are bay and grey; the worst, white and dun." + }, + { + "id": 19930, + "la": "tum, si qua sonum procul arma dedere, stare loco nescit, micat auribus et tremit artus, collectumque fremens volvit sub naribus ignem", + "en": "Again, should he but hear afar the clash of arms, he cannot keep his place; he pricks up his ears, quivers in his limbs, and snorting rolls beneath his nostrils the gathered fire." + }, + { + "id": 19931, + "la": "densa iuba, et dextro iactata recumbit in armo; at duplex agitur per lumbos spina, cavatque tellurem et solido graviter sonat ungula cornu", + "en": "His mane is thick and, as he tosses it, falls back on his right shoulder. A double ridge runs along his loins; his hoof scoops out the ground, and the solid horn gives it a deep ring." + }, + { + "id": 19932, + "la": "talis Amyclaei domitus Pollucis habenis Cyllarus et, quorum Grai meminere poetae, Martis equi biiuges et magni currus Achilli", + "en": "Such was Cyllarus, tamed by the reins of Amyclaean Pollux, and those whose fame Greek poets recount, the two steeds of Mars, and the pair of the great Achilles." + }, + { + "id": 19933, + "la": "talis et ipse iubam cervice effundit equina coniugis adventu pernix Saturnus, et altum Pelion hinnitu fugiens implevit acuto", + "en": "Such, too, was Saturn himself, when at his wifes coming he fled swiftly, flinging his horses mane over his shoulders, and with shrill neigh filled the heights of Pelion." + }, + { + "id": 19934, + "la": "Hunc quoque, ubi aut morbo gravis aut iam segnior annis deficit, abde domo, nec turpi ignosce senectae, quamvis saepe fuga versos ille egerit hostis et patriam Epirum referat fortisque Mycenas, Neptunique ipsa deducat origine gentem", + "en": "Yet even such a steed do you shut up in the stalls when he begins to fail, worn with disease or burdened with years; and pity not his inglorious old age, though oft he has driven the foe in flight and claims Epirus or valiant Mycenae for his birthplace, and traces his line to Neptune himself for founder." + }, + { + "id": 19935, + "la": "frigidus in Venerem senior, frustraque laborem ingratum trahit; et, si quando ad proelia ventum est, ut quondam in stipulis magnus sine viribus ignis, incassum furit", + "en": "The aged stallion is cold to passion, and he vainly struggles with a thankless task; when he comes to the fray his ardour is futile'as when a great fire rages in the stubble, but there is no strength in it." + }, + { + "id": 19936, + "la": "ergo animos aevumque notabis praecipue; hinc alias artes prolemque parentum, et quis cuique dolor victo, quae gloria palmae", + "en": "Therefore note above all their spirit and years; then, other merits and the stock of their sires, the grief each shows at defeat or the pride in victory." + }, + { + "id": 19937, + "la": "nonne vides, cum praecipiti certamine campum corripuere, ruuntque effusi carcere currus, cum spes adrectae iuvenum, exsultantiaque haurit corda pavor pulsans? illi instant verbere torto et proni dant lora, volat vi fervidus axis; iamque humiles iamque elati sublime videntur ara per vacuum ferri atque adsurgere in auras", + "en": "See you not, when in headlong contest the chariots have seized upon the plain, and stream in a torrent from the barrier, when the young drivers hopes are high, and throbbing fear drains each bounding heart? On they press with circling lash, bending forward to slacken rein; fiercely flies the glowing wheel. Now sinking low, now raised aloft, they seem to be borne through empty air and to soar skyward." + }, + { + "id": 19938, + "la": "nec mora nec requies; at fulvae nimbus harenae tollitur, umescunt spumis flatuque sequentum: tantus amor laudum, tantae est victoria curae", + "en": "No rest, no stay is there; but a cloud of yellow sand mounts aloft, and they are wet with the foam and the breath of those in pursuit: so strong is their love of renown, so dear is triumph." + }, + { + "id": 19939, + "la": "primus Ericthonius currus et quattuor ausus iungere equos rapidusque rotis insistere victor", + "en": "Erichthonius first dared to couple four steeds to the car, and to stand victorious over the flying wheels." + }, + { + "id": 19940, + "la": "frena Pelethronii Lapithae gyrosque dedere impositi dorso, atque equitem docuere sub armis insultare solo et gressus glomerare superbos", + "en": "The Thessalian Lapiths, mounting the horses back, gave us the bit and circling course, and taught the horseman, in full armour, to gallop over the earth and round his proud paces." + }, + { + "id": 19941, + "la": "aequus uterque labor, aeque iuvenemque magistri exquirunt calidumque animis et cursibus acrem", + "en": "Equal is either task; equally the trainers seek out a young steed, hot of spirit and keen in the race." + }, + { + "id": 19942, + "la": "His animadversis instant sub tempus et omnis impendunt curas denso distendere pingui, quem legere ducem et pecori dixere maritum, florentisque secant herbas fluviosque ministrant farraque, ne blando nequeat superesse labori invalidique patrum referant ieiunia nati", + "en": "These points noted, they bestir themselves, as the time draws near, and take all heed to fill out with firm flesh him whom they have chosen as leader and assigned as lord of the herd. They cut him flowering grasses, and give fresh water and corn, that he may be more than equal to the seductive toil, and no feeble offspring may repeat the leanness of the sires." + }, + { + "id": 19943, + "la": "ipsa autem macie tenuant armenta volentes, atque, ubi concubitus primos iam nota voluptas sollicitat, frondesque negant et fontibus arcent", + "en": "But the mares themselves they purposely make spare, and when now the familiar pleasure first prompts them to union, they withhold leafy fodder and debar them from the springs." + }, + { + "id": 19944, + "la": "saepe etiam cursu quatiunt et sole fatigant, cum graviter tunsis gemit area frugibus, et cum surgentem ad Zephyrum paleae iactantur inanes", + "en": "Oft, too, they rouse them to the gallop and tire them in the sun, when the floor groans heavily as the corn is threshed, and the empty chaff is tossed to the freshening Zephyr." + }, + { + "id": 19945, + "la": "hoc faciunt, nimio ne luxu obtunsior usus sit genitali arvo et sulcos oblimet inertis, sed rapiat sitiens Venerem interiusque recondat", + "en": "This they do that by surfeit the usefulness of the fruitful soil be not dulled, or the sluggish furrows clogged, but that it may thirstily seize upon the seed, and store it deep within." + }, + { + "id": 19946, + "la": "Rursus cura patrum cadere et succedere matrum incipit", + "en": "In turn, care for the sires begins to wane, and that for the dams to take its place." + }, + { + "id": 19947, + "la": "exactis gravidae cum mensibus errant, non illas gravibus quisquam iuga ducere plaustris, non saltu superare viam sit passus et acri carpere prata fuga fluviosque innare rapacis", + "en": "When their months are fulfilled and they roam heavy with young, then let no one suffer them to draw the yokes of heavy wagons, or leap across the pathway, or scour the meadows in swift flight, or stem the swirling current." + }, + { + "id": 19948, + "la": "saltibus in vacuis pascunt et plena secundum flumina, muscus ubi et viridissima gramine ripa, speluncaeque tegant et saxea procubet umbra", + "en": "They feed them in open glades and by the side of brimming rivers, where moss grows and the banks are greenest with grass, where grottoes may shelter them and the shadow of a rock be cast afar." + }, + { + "id": 19949, + "la": "est lucos Silari circa ilicibusque virentem plurimus Alburnum volitans, cui nomen asilo Romanum est, oestrum Grai vertere vocantes, asper, acerba sonans, quo tota exterrita silvis diffugiunt armenta, furit mugitibus aether concussus silvaeque et sicci ripa Tanagri", + "en": "Round the groves of Silarus and the green holm oaks of Alburnus swarms a fly, whose Roman name is asilus, but the Greeks have called it in their speech oestrus. 14 Fierce it is, and sharp of note; before it whole herds scatter in terror through the woods: with their bellowings the air is stunned and maddened, the groves, too, and the banks of parched Tanager." + }, + { + "id": 19950, + "la": "hoc quondam monstro horribilis exercuit iras Inachiae Iuno pestem meditata iuvencae", + "en": "With this monster Juno once wreaked her awful wrath, when she devised a pest for the heifer maid of Inachus." + }, + { + "id": 19951, + "la": "hunc quoque (nam mediis fervoribus acrior instat) arcebis gravido pecori, armentaque pasces sole recens orto aut noctem ducentibus astris", + "en": "This, too'for in midday heat more fierce is its attack'you will keep from the pregnant herd, and will feed the flock when the sun is new-risen, or the stars usher in the night." + }, + { + "id": 19952, + "la": "Post partum cura in vitulos traducitur omnis; continuoque notas et nomina gentis inurunt, et quos aut pecori malint submittere habendo aut aris servare sacros aut scindere terram et campum horrentem fractis invertere glaebis", + "en": "After birth, all care passes to the calves, and at once they brand them with the mark and name of the stock, setting apart those they wish to rear for breeding, to keep sacred for the altar, to set to cleave the soil and turn up the field, rough with its broken clods." + }, + { + "id": 19953, + "la": "cetera pascuntur viridis armenta per herbas", + "en": "The rest of the cattle graze in the green pastures;" + }, + { + "id": 19954, + "la": "tu quos ad studium atque usum formabis agrestem, iam vitulos hortare viamque insiste domandi, dum faciles animi iuvenum, dum mobilis aetas", + "en": "but school while yet calves those that you will shape for the farms pursuits and service; enter on the path of training while their youthful spirits are docile, while their age is still pliant." + }, + { + "id": 19955, + "la": "ac primum laxos tenui de vimine circlos cervici subnecte; dehinc, ubi libera colla servitio adsuerint, ipsis e torquibus aptos iunge pares, et coge gradum conferre iuvencos; atque illis iam saepe rotae ducantur inanes per terram, et summo vestigia pulvere signent; post valido nitens sub pondere faginus axis instrepat, et iunctos temo trahat aereus orbis", + "en": "And, first, fasten about their shoulders loose circles of slender osier; then when their free necks are used to servitude, yoke the bullocks in pairs linked from the collars themselves, and force them to step together. Then let them now draw empty carts often over the land, and print their tracks on the surface of the dust. Later, let the beechen axle creak and strain under its heavy load and a brass-bound pole drag the coupled wheels." + }, + { + "id": 19956, + "la": "interea pubi indomitae non gramina tantum nec vescas salicum frondes ulvamque palustrem, sed frumenta manu carpes sata; nec tibi fetae more patrum nivea implebunt mulctraria vaccae, sed tota in dulcis consument ubera natos", + "en": "Meanwhile you will not feed their unbroken youth on grass alone or poor willow leaves and marshy sedge, but on young corn, plucked by hand; nor will your mother-cows fill the snowy pails, as in our fathers days, but will spend all their udders wealth on their dear offspring." + }, + { + "id": 19957, + "la": "Sin ad bella magis studium turmasque ferocis, aut Alphea rotis praelabi flumina Pisae afmpr et Iovis in luco currus agitare volantis: primus equi labor est animos atque arma videre bellantum lituosque pati, tractuque gementem ferre rotam et stabulo frenos audire sonantis; tum magis atque magis blandis gaudere magistri laudibus et plausae sonitum cervicis amare", + "en": "But if your bent is more towards war and proud squadrons, or to glide on wheels by Pisas Alphean waters, and in Jupiters grove 17 to drive the flying car, then the steeds first task is to view the arms of gallant warriors, to bear the trumpet call, to endure the groaning of the dragged wheel, and to hear the jingle of bits in the stall; then more and more to delight in his trainers caressing praise, and to love the sound of patting his neck." + }, + { + "id": 19958, + "la": "atque haec iam primo depulsus ab ubere matris audeat, inque vicem det mollibus ora capistris invalidus etiamque tremens, etiam inscius aevi", + "en": "And this let him venture, soon as he is weaned from his mother, and now and again let him entrust his mouth to soft halters, while still weak and trembling, still ignorant of life." + }, + { + "id": 19959, + "la": "at tribus exactis ubi quarta accesserit aestas, carpere mox gyrum incipiat gradibusque sonare compositis, sinuetque alterna volumina crurum, sitque laboranti similis; tum cursibus auras, tum vocet, ac per aperta volans, ceu liber habenis, aequora vix summa vestigia ponat harena: qualis Hyperboreis Aquilo cum densus ab oris incubuit, Scythiaeque hiemes atque arida differt nubila; tum segetes altae campique natantes lenibus horrescunt flabris, summaeque sonorem dant silvae, longique urgent ad litora fluctus; ille volat, simul arva fuga, simul aequora verrens", + "en": "But when three summers are past and the fourth is come, let him soon begin to run round the circuit, 18 to make his steps ring evenly, to bend his legs in alternating curves, 19 and be as one hard labouring: then, then let him challenge the winds to a race, and, skimming over the open plains, as though free from reins, let him scarce plant his steps on the surface of the sand'as when the gathered North Wind swoops down from Hyperborean coasts, driving on Scythias storms and dry clouds, then the deep cornfields and the watery plains quiver under the gentle gusts, the treetops rustle, and long rollers press shoreward; on flies the wind, sweeping in his flight the fields and seas alike." + }, + { + "id": 19960, + "la": "hic vel ad Elei metas et maxima campi sudabit spatia et spumas aget ore cruentas, Belgica vel molli melius feret esseda collo", + "en": "Such a horse will either sweat towards the Elean goal, over the vast courses of the plain, and fling from his mouth bloody foam, or will bear more nobly with docile neck the Belgian car." + }, + { + "id": 19961, + "la": "tum demum crassa magnum farragine corpus crescere iam domitis sinito: namque ante domandum ingentis tollent animos, prensique negabunt verbera lenta pati et duris parere lupatis", + "en": "Then at last, when the colts are now broken, let their bodies wax plump with coarse mash; for ere the breaking they will raise their mettle too high, and when caught will scorn to submit to the pliant lash, or obey the cruel curb." + }, + { + "id": 19962, + "la": "Sed non ulla magis vires industria firmat, quam Venerem et caeci stimulos avertere amoris, sive boum sive est cui gratior usus equorum", + "en": "But no care so strengthens their powers as to keep from them desire and the stings of secret passion, whether ones choice is to deal with cattle or with horses." + }, + { + "id": 19963, + "la": "atque ideo tauros procul atque in sola relegant pascua, post montem oppositum et trans flumina lata, aut intus clausos satura ad praesepia servant", + "en": "Therefore men banish the bull to lonely pastures afar, beyond a mountain barrier and across broad rivers, or keep him well mewed beside full mangers." + }, + { + "id": 19964, + "la": "carpit enim vires paulatim uritque videndo femina, nec nemorum patitur meminisse nec herbae dulcibus illa quidem inlecebris, et saepe superbos cornibus inter se subigit decernere amantis", + "en": "For the sight of the female slowly inflames and wastes his strength, nor, look you, does she, with her soft enchantments, suffer him to remember woods or pastures; oft she drives her proud lovers to settle their mutual contest with clash of horns." + }, + { + "id": 19965, + "la": "pascitur in magna Sila formosa iuvenca: illi alternantes multa vi proelia miscent mpr vulneribus crebris, lavit ater corpora sanguis, versaque in obnixos urgentur cornua vasto cum gemitu; reboant silvaeque et longus Olympus", + "en": "She is grazing in Silas great forest, a lovely heifer: the bulls in alternate onset join battle with mighty force; many a wound they deal, black gore bathes their frames, amid mighty bellowing the levelled horns are driven against the butting foe; the woods and the sky, from end to end, re-echo." + }, + { + "id": 19966, + "la": "nec mos bellantis una stabulare, sed alter victus abit longeque ignotis exsulat oris, multa gemens ignominiam plagasque superbi victoris, tum quos amisit inultus amores, et stabula aspectans regnis excessit avitis", + "en": "Nor is it the rivals wont to herd together, but the vanquished one departs, and dwells an exile in unknown scenes afar. Much does he bewail his shame, and the blows of his haughty conqueror, and much the love he has lost unavenged'then, with a wistful glance at his stall, he has quitted his ancestral realm." + }, + { + "id": 19967, + "la": "ergo omni cura viris exercet et inter dura iacet pernox instrato saxa cubili, frondibus hirsutis et carice pastus acuta, et temptat sese atque irasci in cornua discit arboris obnixus trunco, ventosque lacessit ictibus, et sparsa ad pugnam proludit harena", + "en": "Therefore with all heed he trains his powers, and on an unstrewn couch, among flinty rocks, lies through the night, with prickly leaves and pointed sedge for fare. Anon he tests himself, and, learning to throw wrath into his horns, charges a trees trunk; he lashes the winds with blows, and paws the sand in prelude for the fray." + }, + { + "id": 19968, + "la": "post ubi collectum robur viresque refectae, signa movet praecepsque oblitum fertur in hostem: fluctus uti medio coepit cum albescere ponto, longius ex altoque sinum trahit, utque volutus ad terras immane sonat per saxa, neque ipso monte minor procumbit; at ima exaestuat unda verticibus nigramque alte subiectat harenam", + "en": "Soon, when his power is mustered and his strength renewed, he advances the colours, and dashes headlong on his unmindful foe: as, when a wave begins to whiten in mid-sea, from the farther deep it arches its curve, and, rolling shoreward, roars thundering along the reefs, and, huge as a very mountain, falls prone, while from below the water boils up in eddies, and tosses black sand aloft." + }, + { + "id": 19969, + "la": "Omne adeo genus in terris hominumque ferarumque, et genus aequoreum, pecudes pictaeque volucres, in furias ignemque ruunt: amor omnibus idem", + "en": "Every single race on earth, man and beast, the tribes of the sea, cattle and birds brilliant of hue, rush into fires of passion: all feel the same Love." + }, + { + "id": 19970, + "la": "tempore non alio catulorum oblita leaena saevior erravit campis, nec funera vulgo", + "en": "At no other season does the lioness forget her cubs, or prowl over the plains more fierce;" + }, + { + "id": 19971, + "la": "tam multa informes ursi stragemque dedere per silvas; tum saevus aper, tum pessima tigris; heu male tum Libyae solis erratur in agris", + "en": "never does the shapeless bear spread death and havoc so widely through the forest; then savage is the boar, then most fell the tigress. Ah! it is ill faring then in Libyas lonely fields!" + }, + { + "id": 19972, + "la": "nonne vides, ut tota tremor pertemptet equorum corpora, si tantum notas odor attulit auras? ac neque eos iam frena virum neque verbera saeva, non scopuli rupesque cavae atque obiecta retardant flumina correptosque unda torquentia montis", + "en": "See you not how a trembling thrills through the steeds whole frame, if the scent has but brought him the familiar breezes? No longer now can the riders rein or the cruel lash stay his course, nor rocks and hollow cliffs, nay, nor opposing rivers, that tear up mountains and hurl them down the wave." + }, + { + "id": 19973, + "la": "ipse ruit dentesque Sabellicus exacuit sus, et pede prosubigit terram, fricat arbore costas, atque hinc atque illinc umeros ad vulnera durat", + "en": "On rushes the great Sabine boar; he whets his tusks, his foot paws the ground in front, he rubs his sides against a tree, and on either flank hardens his shoulders against wounds." + }, + { + "id": 19974, + "la": "quid iuvenis, magnum cui versat in ossibus ignem durus amor? nempe abruptis turbata procellis nocte natat caeca serus freta; quem super ingens porta tonat caeli, et scopulis inlisa reclamant aequora; nec miseri possunt revocare parentes, nec moritura super crudeli funere virgo", + "en": "What of the youth, in whose marrow fierce Love fans the mighty flame? Lo! in the turmoil of bursting storms, late in the black night, he swims the straits. Above him thunders Heavens mighty portal, and the billows, dashing on the cliffs, echo the cry; yet neither his hapless parent can call him back, nor thought of the maiden doomed to die on his untimely corpse." + }, + { + "id": 19975, + "la": "quid lynces Bacchi variae et genus acre luporum atque canum? quid quae imbelles dant proelia cervi? scilicet ante omnis furor est insignis equarum; et mentem Venus ipsa dedit, quo tempore Glauci Potniades malis membra absumpsere quadrigae", + "en": "What of Bacchus spotted lynxes, and the fierce tribe of wolves and dogs? What of the battles fought by peaceful stags? But surely the madness of mares surpasses all. Venus herself inspired their frenzy, when the four Potnian steeds tore with their jaws the limbs of Glaucus." + }, + { + "id": 19976, + "la": "illas ducit amor trans Gargara transque sonantem Ascanium; superant montis et flumina tranant", + "en": "Love leads them over Gargarus and over the roaring Ascanius; they scale mountains, they swim rivers." + }, + { + "id": 19977, + "la": "continuoque avidis ubi subdita flamma medullis (vere magis, quia vere calor redit ossibus), illae ore omnes versae in Zephyrum stant rupibus altis exceptantque levis auras, et saepe sine ullis coniugiis vento gravidae (mirabile dictu) saxa per et scopulos et depressas convallis diffugiunt, non, Eure, tuos, neque solis ad ortus, in Borean Caurumque, aut unde nigerrimus Auster nascitur et pluvio contristat frigore caelum", + "en": "And, soon as the flame has stolen into their craving marrow (chiefly in spring, for in spring the heat returns to their breasts), they all, with faces turned to the Zephyrs, stand on a high cliff, and drink in the gentle breezes. Then oft, without any wedlock, pregnant with the wind (a wondrous tale!) they flee over rocks and crags and lowly dales, not towards your rising, East Wind, nor the Suns, but to the North, and the Northwest, or thither where rises the blackest South, saddening the sky with chilly rain." + }, + { + "id": 19978, + "la": "hic demum, hippomanes vero quod nomine dicunt pastores, lentum destillat ab inguine virus, hippomanes, quod saepe malae legere novercae miscueruntque herbas et non innoxia verba", + "en": "Then, and then only, does the slimy horse madness, as shepherds rightly name it, drip slowly from the groin'horse madness, which cruel stepdames often gather, mixing herbs and baleful spells." + }, + { + "id": 19979, + "la": "Sed fugit interea, fugit inreparabile tempus, fmpr singula dum capti circumvectamur amore", + "en": "But time meanwhile is flying, flying beyond recall, while we, charmed with love of our theme, linger around each detail!" + }, + { + "id": 19980, + "la": "hoc satis armentis: superat pars altera curae, lanigeros agitare greges hirtasque capellas", + "en": "Enough this for the herds; there remains the second part of my task, to tend the fleecy flocks and shaggy goats." + }, + { + "id": 19981, + "la": "hic labor, hinc laudem fortes sperate coloni", + "en": "Here is toil, hence hope for fame, ye sturdy yeomen!" + }, + { + "id": 19982, + "la": "nec sum animi dubius, verbis ea vincere magnum quam sit et angustis hunc addere rebus honorem: sed me Parnasi deserta per ardua dulcis raptat amor; iuvat ire iugis, qua nulla priorum Castaliam molli devertitur orbita clivo", + "en": "And well I know how hard it is to win with words a triumph herein, and thus to crown with glory a lowly theme. But sweet desire hurries me over the lonely steeps of Parnassus; joyous it is to roam oer heights, where no forerunners track turns by a gentle slope down to Castalia." + }, + { + "id": 19983, + "la": "nunc, veneranda Pales, magno nunc ore sonandum", + "en": "Now, worshipful Pales, now must we sing in lofty strain." + }, + { + "id": 19984, + "la": "Incipiens stabulis edico in mollibus herbam carpere ovis, dum mox frondosa reducitur aestas, et multa duram stipula filicumque maniplis sternere subter humum, glacies ne frigida laedat molle pecus scabiemque ferat turpisque podagras", + "en": "First I decree that the sheep crop the herbage in soft pens, till leafy summer soon returns, and that you strew the hard ground beneath them with straw and handfuls of fern, lest the chill ice harm the tender flock, bringing scab and unsightly foot rot." + }, + { + "id": 19985, + "la": "post hinc digressus iubeo frondentia capris arbuta sufficere et fluvios praebere recentis, et stabula a ventis hiberno opponere soli ad medium conversa diem, cum frigidus olim iam cadit extremoque inrorat Aquarius anno", + "en": "Passing hence, I next bid you give the goats much leafy arbutus, offering them fresh running water, and placing the stalls away from the winds towards the winter sun, to face the south, at the time when the cold Water Bearer is now setting, sprinkling the departing year." + }, + { + "id": 19986, + "la": "hae quoque non cura nobis leviore tuendae, nec minor usus erit, quamvis Milesia magno vellera mutentur Tyrios incocta rubores", + "en": "These goats, too, we must guard with no lighter care, and not less will be the profit, albeit the fleeces of Miletus, steeped in Tyrian purple, are bartered for a high price." + }, + { + "id": 19987, + "la": "densior hinc suboles, hinc largi copia lactis; quam magis exhausto spumaverit ubere mulctra, laeta magis pressis manabunt flumina mammis", + "en": "From them is a larger progeny, from them a plenteous store of milk; the more the milk pail has foamed from the drained udder, the more richly will flow the streams, when again the teats are pressed." + }, + { + "id": 19988, + "la": "nec minus interea barbas incanaque menta Cinyphii tondent hirci saetasque comantis usum in castrorum et miseris velamina nautis", + "en": "Nor less, meanwhile, do herdsmen clip the beard on the hoary chin of the Cinyphian goat, and shear his hairy bristles, for the need of camps, and as coverings for hapless sailors." + }, + { + "id": 19989, + "la": "pascuntur vero silvas et summa Lycaei, horrentisque rubos et amantis ardua dumos; atque ipsae memores redeunt in tecta suosque ducunt et gravido superant vix ubere limen", + "en": "Again, they feed in the woods and on the summits of Lycaeus among the prickly briars and the hill-loving brakes; and of themselves they are mindful to return home, leading their kids, and scarce able to overtop the threshold with their teeming udders." + }, + { + "id": 19990, + "la": "ergo omni studio glaciem ventosque nivalis, quo minor est illis curae mortalis egestas, avertes, victumque feres et virgea laetus pabula, nec tota claudes faenilia bruma", + "en": "Therefore, the less they need mans care, the more zealously should you screen them from frost and snowy blasts, gladly bringing them their food and provender of twigs, and closing not your hay lofts throughout the winter." + }, + { + "id": 19991, + "la": "At vero Zephyris cum laeta vocantibus aestas in saltus utrumque gregem atque in pascua mittet, Luciferi primo cum sidere frigida rura carpamus, dum mane novum, dum gramina canent, et ros in tenera pecori gratissimus herba", + "en": "But when, at the Zephyrs call, joyous Summer sends both sheep and goats to the glades and pastures, let us haste to the cool fields, as the morning star begins to rise, while the day is young, while the grass is hoar, and the dew on the tender blade most sweet to the cattle." + }, + { + "id": 19992, + "la": "inde ubi quarta sitim caeli collegerit hora et cantu querulae rumpent arbusta cicadae, ad puteos aut alta greges ad stagna iubebo currentem ilignis potare canalibus undam; aestibus at mediis umbrosam exquirere vallem,", + "en": "Then, when heavens fourth hour has brought thirst to all, and the plaintive cicadas thrill the thickets with song, I will bid the flocks at the side of wells or deep pools drink of the water that runs in oaken channels. But in midday heat let them seek out a shady dell, anywhere that Joves mighty oak with" + }, + { + "id": 19993, + "la": "sicubi magna Iovis antiquo robore quercus ingentis tendat ramos, aut sicubi nigrum ilicibus crebris sacra nemus accubet umbra; tum tenuis dare rursus aquas et pascere rursus solis ad occasum, cum frigidus ara vesper temperat, et saltus reficit iam roscida luna, litoraque alcyonem resonant, acalanthida dumi", + "en": "its ancient trunk stretches out giant branches, or where some grove, black with many holms, lies brooding with hallowed shade. Then give them once more the trickling stream, and once more feed them till sunset, when the cool star of eve freshens the air, and the moon, now dropping dew, gives strength to the glades, when the shores ring with the halcyon, and the copses with the finch." + }, + { + "id": 19994, + "la": "Quid tibi pastores Libyae, quid pascua versu prosequar et raris habitata mapalia tectis? saepe diem noctemque et totum ex ordine mensem pascitur itque pecus longa in deserta sine ullis hospitiis: tantum campi iacet", + "en": "Why follow for you in song the shepherds of Libya, their pastures, and the settlements where they dwell in scattered huts? Often, day and night, and a whole month through, the flocks feed and roam into the desert stretches, with no shelters; so vast a plain lies outstretched." + }, + { + "id": 19995, + "la": "omnia secum armentarius Afer agit, tectumque laremque armaque Amyclaeumque canem Cressamque pharetram; non secus ac patriis acer Romanus in armis iniusto sub fasce viam cum carpit, et hosti ante exspectatum positis stat in agmine castris", + "en": "The African herdsman takes with him his all'his house and home, his arms, his Spartan dog and Cretan quiver 'even as the valiant Roman, when, arrayed in his countrys arms, he hastes on his march under a cruel load, and, ere the foe awaits him, halts his column and pitches his camp." + }, + { + "id": 19996, + "la": "At non, qua Scythiae gentes Maeotiaque unda, turbidus et torquens flaventis Hister harenas, quaque redit medium Rhodope porrecta sub axem", + "en": "Far otherwise is it where dwell the tribes of Scythia by the waters of Maeotis, where the turbid Danube tosses his yellow sands, and where Rhodope bends back, stretching up to the central pole." + }, + { + "id": 19997, + "la": "illic clausa tenent stabulis armenta, neque ullae aut herbae campo apparent aut arbore frondes; sed iacet aggeribus niveis informis et alto terra gelu late septemque adsurgit in ulnas", + "en": "There they keep the herds penned up in stalls, and no blade is seen upon the plain, or leaf upon the tree; but far and wide earth lies shapeless under mounds of snow and piles of ice, rising seven cubits high." + }, + { + "id": 19998, + "la": "semper hiems, semper spirantes frigora Cauri", + "en": "Tis ever winter; ever Northwest blasts, with icy breath." + }, + { + "id": 19999, + "la": "tum Sol pallentis haud umquam discutit umbras, nec cum invectus equis altum petit aethera, nec cum praecipitem Oceani rubro lavit aequore currum", + "en": "Then, too, never does the Sun scatter the pale mists, either when, borne on his chariot, he climbs high heaven, or when he laves his headlong car in Oceans crimson plain." + }, + { + "id": 20000, + "la": "concrescunt subitae currenti in flumine crustae, undaque iam tergo ferratos sustinet orbes, puppibus illa prius, patulis nunc hospita plaustris; aeraque dissiliunt vulgo, vestesque rigescunt indutae, caeduntque securibus umida vina, et totae solidam in glaciem vertere lacunae, stiriaque impexis induruit horrida barbis", + "en": "Sudden ice crusts form on the running stream, and anon the water bears on its surface iron-bound wheels'giving welcome once to ships, but now to broad wains! Everywhere brass splits, clothes freeze on the back, and with axes they cleave the liquid wine; whole lakes turn into a solid mass, and the rough icicle hardens on the unkempt beard." + }, + { + "id": 20001, + "la": "interea toto non setius aere ninguit: intereunt pecudes, stant circumfusa pruinis corpora magna boum, confertoque agmine cervi torpent mole nova et summis vix cornibus exstant", + "en": "No less, meanwhile, does the snow fill the sky; the cattle perish, the oxens great frames stand sheathed in frost, the deer in crowded herd are numb under the strange mass and above it scarce rise the tips of their horns." + }, + { + "id": 20002, + "la": "hos non immissis canibus, non cassibus ullis puniceaeve agitant pavidos formidine pinnae, sed frustra oppositum trudentis pectore montem comminus obtruncant ferro, graviterque rudentis caedunt, et magno laeti clamore reportant", + "en": "These they hunt not by unloosing hounds, or laying nets, or alarming with a scare of the crimson feather, 26 but as their breasts vainly strain against that mountain rampart men slay them, steel in hand, cut them down bellowing piteously, and bear them home with loud shouts of joy." + }, + { + "id": 20003, + "la": "ipsi in defossis specubus secura sub alta otia agunt terra, congestaque robora, totasque advolvere focis ulmos, ignique dedere", + "en": "Themselves, in deep-dug caves, low in the earth, they live careless and at ease, rolling to the hearths heaps of logs, whole elm trees, and throwing them on the fire." + }, + { + "id": 20004, + "la": "hic noctem ludo ducunt, et pocula laeti fermento atque acidis imitantur vitea sorbis", + "en": "Here they spend the night in play, and with barm and sour service berries joyously mimic draughts of wine." + }, + { + "id": 20005, + "la": "talis Hyperboreo septem subiecta trioni gens effrena virum Riphaeo tunditur Euro et pecudum fulvis velatur corpora saetis", + "en": "Such is the race of men lying under the Wains seven stars in the far north, a wild race, buffeted by the Riphaean East Wind, their bodies clothed in the tawny furs of beasts." + }, + { + "id": 20006, + "la": "Si tibi lanitium curae, primum aspera silva lappaeque tribolique absint; fuge pabula laeta, continuoque greges villis lege mollibus albos", + "en": "If wool be your care, first clear away the prickly growth of burs and caltrops; shun rich pastures, and from the first choose flocks with white, soft fleeces." + }, + { + "id": 20007, + "la": "illum autem, quamvis aries sit candidus ipse, nigra subest udo tantum cui lingua palato, reice, ne maculis infuscet vellera pullis nascentum, plenoque alium circumspice campo", + "en": "But the ram, however white be his fleece, if he have but a black tongue under his moist palate, cast out, lest with dusky spots he tarnish the coats of the newborn lambs; and look about for another in your teeming field." + }, + { + "id": 20008, + "la": "munere sic niveo lanae, si credere dignum est, Pan deus Arcadiae captam te, Luna, fefellit in nemora alta vocans; nec tu aspernata vocantem", + "en": "Twas with gift of such snowy wool, if we may trust the tale, that Pan, Arcadias god, charmed and beguiled you, O Moon, calling you to the depths of the woods; nor did you scorn his call." + }, + { + "id": 20009, + "la": "At cui lactis amor, cytisum lotosque frequentis ipse manu salsasque ferat praesepibus herbas: hinc et amant fluvios magis, et magis ubera tendunt et salis occultum referunt in lacte saporem", + "en": "But let him who longs for milk bring with his own hand lucerne and lotus in plenty and salted herbage to the stalls. Thus they love streams the more, and the more distend their udders, while their milk recalls a lurking savour of salt." + }, + { + "id": 20010, + "la": "multi etiam excretos prohibent a matribus haedos, primaque ferratis praefigunt ora capistris", + "en": "Many bar the kids from the dams as soon as born, and from the first front their mouths with iron-bound muzzles." + }, + { + "id": 20011, + "la": "quod surgente die mulsere horisque diurnis, nocte premunt; quod iam tenebris et sole cadente, sub lucem: exportant calathis (adit oppida pastor), mpr aut parco sale contingunt hiemique reponunt", + "en": "What milk they drew at sunrise or in the hours of day, they press into cheese at night; what they drew at night or sunset, they press at dawn: they ship it in baskets which a shepherd takes to town, or else they salt it sparingly and put it by for the winter." + }, + { + "id": 20012, + "la": "Nec tibi cura canum fuerit postrema, sed una velocis Spartae catulos acremque Molossum pasce sero pingui", + "en": "Nor let the care of dogs be last in your thoughts, but feed swift Spartan whelps and fierce Molossians alike on fattening whey." + }, + { + "id": 20013, + "la": "numquam custodibus illis nocturnum stabulis furem incursusque luporum aut impacatos a tergo horrebis Hiberos", + "en": "Never, with them on guard, need you fear for your stalls a midnight thief, or onslaught of wolves, or restless Spaniards in your rear." + }, + { + "id": 20014, + "la": "saepe etiam cursu timidos agitabis onagros, et canibus leporem, canibus venabere dammas; saepe volutabris pulsos silvestribus apros latratu turbabis agens, montisque per altos ingentem clamore premes ad retia cervum", + "en": "Oft, too, you will course the shy wild ass, and with hounds will hunt the hare, with hounds the doe. Oft you will rout the boar from his forest lair, driving him forth with the baying pack, and oer the high hills with loud cry will force a huge stag into the nets." + }, + { + "id": 20015, + "la": "Disce et odoratam stabulis accendere cedrum, galbaneoque agitare gravis nidore chelydros", + "en": "Learn, too, to burn in your stalls fragrant cedar and with fumes of Syrian gum to banish the noisome water snakes." + }, + { + "id": 20016, + "la": "saepe sub immotis praesepibus aut mala tactu vipera delituit caelumque exterrita fugit, aut tecto adsuetus coluber succedere et umbrae (pestis acerba boum) pecorique adspergere virus, fovit humum", + "en": "Often under uncleansed sheds has lurked a viper, deadly to touch, and shrunk in terror from the light; or an adder, sore plague of cows, that is wont to glide under the sheltering thatch and sprinkle venom on the cattle, has hugged the ground." + }, + { + "id": 20017, + "la": "cape saxa manu, cape robora, pastor, tollentemque minas et sibila colla tumentem deice", + "en": "Snatch up in your hand, shepherd, snatch stones and staves, and as he rises in menace and swells his hissing neck, strike him down!" + }, + { + "id": 20018, + "la": "iamque fuga timidum caput abdidit alte, cum medii nexus extremaeque agmina caudae solvuntur, tardosque trahit sinus ultimus orbis", + "en": "Lo, now in flight he has buried deep his frightened head, while his mid coils and the end of his writhing tail are still untwining themselves, and the last curve slowly drags its folds." + }, + { + "id": 20019, + "la": "est etiam ille malus Calabris in saltibus anguis, squamea convolvens sublato pectore terga atque notis longam maculosus grandibus alvum, qui, dum amnes ulli rumpuntur fontibus et dum vere madent udo terrae ac pluvialibus Austris, stagna colit, ripisque habitans hic piscibus atram improbus ingluviem ranisque loquacibus explet; postquam exusta palus, terraeque ardore dehiscunt, exsilit in siccum, et flammantia lumina torquens saevit agris asperque siti atque exterritus aestu", + "en": "There is, too, that deadly serpent in Calabrias glades, wreathing its scaly back, its breast erect, and its long belly mottled with large spots. So long as any streams gush from their founts, so long as earth is wet with springs moisture and showery south winds, he haunts the pools, and, dwelling on the banks, there greedily fills his black maw with fish and croaking frogs. But when the fen is burnt up, and the soil gapes with heat, he springs forth to dry land and, rolling his blazing eyes, rages in the fields, fierce with thirst and frenzied with the heat." + }, + { + "id": 20020, + "la": "ne mihi tum mollis sub divo carpere somnos neu dorso nemoris libeat iacuisse per herbas, cum positis novus exuviis nitidusque iuventa volvitur, aut catulos tectis aut ova relinquens, arduus ad solem, et linguis micat ore trisulcis", + "en": "Let me not then be tempted to woo soft sleep beneath the open sky, or to lie outstretched in the grass on some wooded slope, when, his slough cast off, fresh and glistening in youth, he rolls along, leaving his young or eggs at home, towering towards the sun, and darting from his mouth a three-forked tongue!" + }, + { + "id": 20021, + "la": "Morborum quoque te causas et signa docebo", + "en": "Diseases, too, their causes and tokens, I will teach you." + }, + { + "id": 20022, + "la": "turpis ovis temptat scabies, ubi frigidus imber altius ad vivum persedit et horrida cano bruma gelu, vel cum tonsis inlotus adhaesit sudor, et hirsuti secuerunt corpora vepres", + "en": "Foul scab attacks sheep, when chilly rain and winter, bristling with hoar frost, have sunk deep into the quick, or when the sweat, unwashed, clings to the shorn flock, and prickly briars tear the flesh." + }, + { + "id": 20023, + "la": "dulcibus idcirco fluviis pecus omne magistri perfundunt, udisque aries in gurgite villis mersatur, missusque secundo defluit amni; aut tonsum tristi contingunt corpus amurca, et spumas miscent argenti et sulpura viva Idaeasque pices et pinguis unguine ceras scillamque elleborosque gravis nigrumque bitumen", + "en": "Therefore the keepers bathe the whole flock in fresh streams; the ram is plunged in the pool with his dripping fleece, and let loose to float down the current. Or, after shearing, they smear the body with bitter oil lees, blending silver scum and native sulphur with pitch from Ida and richly oiled wax, squill, strong hellebore, and black bitumen." + }, + { + "id": 20024, + "la": "non tamen ulla magis praesens fortuna laborum est, quam si quis ferro potuit rescindere summum ulceris os: alitur vitium vivitque tegendo, dum medicas adhibere manus ad vulnera pastor abnegat, et meliora deos sedet omina poscens", + "en": "Yet no help for their ills is of more avail than when one has dared to cut open with steel the ulcers head; the mischief thrives and lives by concealment, while the shepherd refuses to lay healing hands on the wounds, and sits idle, calling upon the gods for happier omens." + }, + { + "id": 20025, + "la": "quin etiam, ima dolor balantum lapsus ad ossa cum furit atque artus depascitur arida febris, profuit incensos aestus avertere et inter ima ferire pedis salientem sanguine venam, Bisaltae quo more solent acerque Gelonus, cum fugit in Rhodopen atque in deserta Getarum, et lac concretum cum sanguine potat equino", + "en": "Nay more, when the pain runs to the very marrow of the bleating victims, there to rage, and when the parching fever preys on the limbs, it is well to turn aside the fiery heat, and within the hoof to lance a vein, throbbing with blood, even as the Bisaltae are wont to do, and the keen Gelonian, when he flees to Rhodope and the wilds of the Getae, and there drinks milk curdled with horses blood." + }, + { + "id": 20026, + "la": "quam procul aut molli succedere saepius umbrae videris, aut summas carpentem ignavius herbas extremamque sequi, aut medio procumbere campo pascentem, et serae solam decedere nocti, continuo culpam ferro compesce, prius quam dira per incautum serpant contagia vulgus", + "en": "Should you see a sheep oft withdraw afar into soft shade, or listlessly nibble the top of the grass, lagging in the rear, or sink while grazing in the midst of the field and retire, late and lonely, before nights advance, straightway with the knife check the offence, ere the dread taint spreads through the unwary throng." + }, + { + "id": 20027, + "la": "non tam creber agens hiemem ruit aequore turbo, quam multae pecudum pestes", + "en": "Not so thick with driving gales sweeps a whirlwind from the sea, as scourges swarm among cattle." + }, + { + "id": 20028, + "la": "nec singula morbi corpora corripiunt, sed tota aestiva repente, spemque gregemque simul cunctamque ab origine gentem", + "en": "Not single victims do diseases seize, but a whole summers fold in one stroke, the flock and the hope of the flock, and the whole race, root and branch." + }, + { + "id": 20029, + "la": "tum sciat, arias Alpis et Norica si quis castella in tumulis et Iapydis arva Timavi nunc quoque post tanto videat, desertaque regna pastorum et longe saltus lateque vacantis", + "en": "Of this may one be witness, should he see'even now, so long after'the towering Alps and the forts on the Noric hills, and the fields of Illyrian Timavus with the shepherds realm derelict, and their glades far and wide untenanted." + }, + { + "id": 20030, + "la": "Hic quondam morbo caeli miseranda coorta est tempestas totoque autumni incanduit aestu, et genus omne neci pecudum dedit, omne ferarum, corrupitque lacus, infecit pabula tabo", + "en": "On this land from the sickened sky there once came a piteous season that glowed with autumns full heat. Every tribe of cattle, tame or wild, it swept to death; it poisoned the lakes, it tainted the pastures with venom." + }, + { + "id": 20031, + "la": "nec via mortis erat simplex; sed ubi ignea venis omnibus acta sitis miseros adduxerat artus, rursus abundabat fluidus liquor omniaque in se ossa minutatim morbo conlapsa trahebat", + "en": "Nor was the pathway to death uniform; but when the fiery thirst had coursed through all the veins and shrivelled the hapless limbs, in its turn a watery humour welled up and drew into itself all the bones, as piecemeal they melted with disease." + }, + { + "id": 20032, + "la": "saepe in honore deum medio stans hostia ad aram, lanea dum nivea circumdatur infula vitta, inter cunctantis cecidit moribunda ministros", + "en": "Often in the midst of divine rites, the victim, standing by the altar, even as the woollen fillets snowy band was passed round its brow, fell in deaths throes amid the tardy ministrants." + }, + { + "id": 20033, + "la": "aut si quam ferro mactaverat ante sacerdos, inde neque impositis ardent altaria fibris, nec responsa potest consultus reddere vates, ac vix suppositi tinguntur sanguine cultri summaque ieiuna sanie infuscatur harena", + "en": "Or if, before that, the priest had slain a victim with the knife, yet the altars blazed not therewith, as the entrails were laid on; the seer, when consulted, could give no response; the knife beneath the throat is scarce stained with blood, and only the surface sand is darkened with the thin gore." + }, + { + "id": 20034, + "la": "hinc laetis vituli vulgo moriuntur in herbis et dulcis animas plena ad praesepia reddunt; hinc canibus blandis rabies venit, et quatit aegros tussis anhela sues ac faucibus angit obesis", + "en": "Then on every side amid gladsome herbage the young cows die or yield up sweet life by their full folds. Then madness visits fawning hounds; a racking cough shakes the sickening swine and chokes them with swollen throats." + }, + { + "id": 20035, + "la": "labitur infelix studiorum atque immemor herbae victor equus fontisque avertitur et pede terram crebra ferit; demissae aures, incertus ibidem sudor et ille quidem morituris frigidus; aret pellis et ad tactum tractanti dura resistit", + "en": "The steed, once victor, sinks; failing in his efforts and forgetful of the grass, he turns from the spring, and beats the ground repeatedly with his hoof; his ears droop, on them breaks out a fitful sweat'sweat that is cold as death draws nigh; the skin is dry and, hard to the touch, withstands the stroking hand." + }, + { + "id": 20036, + "la": "haec ante exitium primis dant signa diebus; sin in processu coepit crudescere morbus, tum vero ardentes oculi atque attractus ab alto spiritus, interdum gemitu gravis, imaque longo ilia singultu tendunt, it naribus ater sanguis, et obsessas fauces premit aspera lingua", + "en": "Such are the signs they yield before death in the first days; but as in its course the sickness grows fierce, then the eyes blaze, the breath is drawn deep'at times laden with moans'their utmost flanks are strained with long-drawn sobs, black blood gushes from the nostrils, and the rough tongue chokes the blockaded throat." + }, + { + "id": 20037, + "la": "profuit inserto latices infundere cornu Lenaeos; ea visa salus morientibus una: mox erat hoc ipsum exitio, furiisque refecti ardebant, ipsique suos iam morte sub aegra (di meliora piis erroremque hostibus illum!) discissos nudis laniabant dentibus artus", + "en": "It has availed to pour in wine-juice through a horn inserted'this seemed the one hope for the dying. Soon even this led to death; they burned with the fury of fresh strength, and, though now in the weakness of death (Heaven grant a happier lot to the good, and such madness to our foes!), rent and mangled their own limbs with bared teeth." + }, + { + "id": 20038, + "la": "Ecce autem duro fumans sub vomere taurus concidit et mixtum spumis vomit ore cruorem extremosque ciet gemitus", + "en": "But lo, the bull, smoking under the ploughshares weight, falls; from his mouth he spurts blood, mingled with foam, and heaves his dying groans." + }, + { + "id": 20039, + "la": "it tristis arator, maerentem abiungens fraterna morte iuvencum, atque opere in medio defixa relinquit aratra", + "en": "Sadly goes the ploughman, unyokes the steer that sorrows for his brothers death, and amid its half-done task leaves the share rooted fast." + }, + { + "id": 20040, + "la": "non umbrae altorum nemorum, non mollia possunt prata movere animum, non qui per saxa volutus purior electro campum petit amnis; at ima solvuntur latera, atque oculos stupor urget inertis ad terramque fluit devexo pondere cervix", + "en": "No shades of deep woods, no soft meadows can touch his heart, no stream purer than amber, rolling over the rocks in its course towards the plain; but his flanks are unstrung throughout, numbness weighs upon his languid eyes, and his neck sinks with drooping weight to earth." + }, + { + "id": 20041, + "la": "quid labor aut benefacta iuvant? quid vomere terras invertisse gravis? atqui non Massica Bacchi munera, non illis epulae nocuere repostae: frondibus et victu pascuntur simplicis herbae, pocula sunt fontes liquidi atque exercita cursu flumina, nec somnos abrumpit cura salubris", + "en": "Of what avail is his toil or his services? What avails it, that he turned with the share the heavy clod? And yet no Massic gifts of Bacchus, no feasts, oft renewed, did harm to him and his. They feed on leaves and simple grass; their cups are clear springs and rivers racing in their course, and no care breaks their healthful slumbers." + }, + { + "id": 20042, + "la": "Tempore non alio dicunt regionibus illis quaesitas ad sacra boves Iunonis et uris imparibus ductos alta ad donaria currus", + "en": "Only at that time, they say, were cattle in those regions sought in vain for the rites of Juno, and chariots were drawn by ill-matched buffaloes to her lofty treasure house." + }, + { + "id": 20043, + "la": "ergo aegre rastris terram rimantur, et ipsis unguibus infodiunt fruges, montisque per altos contenta cervice trahunt stridentia plaustra", + "en": "Therefore men painfully scratch the earth with harrows, with their own nails bury the seed, and over the high hills with straining necks drag the creaking wains." + }, + { + "id": 20044, + "la": "non lupus insidias explorat ovilia circum nec gregibus nocturnus obambulat; acrior illum cura domat", + "en": "The wolf tries not his wiles around the sheepfold, nor prowls by night about the flocks; a keener care tames him." + }, + { + "id": 20045, + "la": "timidi dammae cervique fugaces nunc interque canes et circum tecta vagantur", + "en": "Timorous deer and shy stags now stray among the hounds and about the houses." + }, + { + "id": 20046, + "la": "iam maris immensi prolem et genus omne natantum litore in extremo ceu naufraga corpora fluctus proluit; insolitae fugiunt in flumina phocae", + "en": "Yea, the brood of the great deep, and all swimming things, like shipwrecked corpses, are washed up by the waves on the verge of the shore; in strange wise sea calves flee to the rivers." + }, + { + "id": 20047, + "la": "interit et curvis frustra defensa latebris vipera et attoniti squamis astantibus hydri", + "en": "The viper, too, vainly defended in her winding lairs, perishes, and the water snake, his scales erect in terror." + }, + { + "id": 20048, + "la": "ipsis est ar avibus non aequus, et illae praecipites alta vitam sub nube relinquunt", + "en": "The air is unkind even to the birds; headlong they fall, leaving life beneath the clouds on high." + }, + { + "id": 20049, + "la": "praeterea iam nec mutari pabula refert, quaesitaeque nocent artes; cessere magistri, Phillyrides Chiron Amythaoniusque Melampus", + "en": "Further, even change of pasture avails no more; the remedies sought work harm; masters in the art fail, Chiron, son of Phillyra, and Melampus, Amythaons son." + }, + { + "id": 20050, + "la": "saevit et in lucem Stygiis emissa tenebris pallida Tisiphone Morbos agit ante Metumque inque dies avidum surgens caput altius effert", + "en": "Ghastly Tisiphone rages, and, let forth into light from Stygian gloom, drives before her Disease and Dread, while day by day, uprising, she rears still higher her greedy head." + }, + { + "id": 20051, + "la": "balatu pecorum et crebris mugitibus amnes arentesque sonant ripae collesque supini", + "en": "The rivers and thirsty banks and sloping hills echo to the bleating of flocks and incessant lowing of cattle." + }, + { + "id": 20052, + "la": "iamque catervatim dat stragem atque aggerat ipsis in stabulis turpi dilapsa cadavera tabo, donec humo tegere ac foveis abscondere discunt", + "en": "And now in droves she deals out death, and in the very stalls piles up the bodies, rotting with putrid foulness, till men learn to cover them in earth and bury them in pits." + }, + { + "id": 20053, + "la": "nam neque erat coriis usus, nec viscera quisquam aut undis abolere potest aut vincere flamma", + "en": "For neither might the hides be used, nor could one cleanse the flesh by water or master it by fire." + }, + { + "id": 20054, + "la": "in medium, seu stabit iners seu profluet umor, transversas salices et grandia conice saxa, pontibus ut crebris possint consistere et alas pandere ad aestivum solem, si forte morantis sparserit aut praeceps Neptuno immerserit Eurus", + "en": "In the midst of the water, whether it stand idle or flow onward, cast willows athwart and huge stones, that they may have many bridges whereon to halt and spread their wings to the summer sun, if haply the East Wind has sprinkled the loiterers or with swift gust has plunged them in the flood." + }, + { + "id": 20055, + "la": "haec circum casiae virides et olentia late serpylla et graviter spirantis copia thymbrae floreat, inriguumque bibant violaria fontem", + "en": "All about let green cassia bloom, and wild thyme with fragrance far borne, and a wealth of strong-scented savory; and let violet beds drink of the trickling spring." + }, + { + "id": 20056, + "la": "Ipsa autem, seu corticibus tibi suta cavatis seu lento fuerint alvaria vimine texta, angustos habeant aditus: nam frigore mella cogit hiems, eademque calor liquefacta remittit", + "en": "Then, let the hive itself, whether it be sewn of hollow bark, or woven of pliant osier, have its entrances narrow; for winter with its cold congeals the honey, while heat thaws and makes it run." + }, + { + "id": 20057, + "la": "utraque vis apibus pariter metuenda; neque illae nequiquam in tectis certatim tenuia cera spiramenta linunt, fucoque et floribus oras explent, collectumque haec ipsa ad munera gluten et visco et Phrygiae servant pice lentius Idae", + "en": "Either trouble is alike to be feared for the bees; nor is it with vain zeal that in their homes they smear the tiny crevices with wax, fill the entrances with paste from flowers, and keep a store of glue, gathered for this very purpose, more binding than lime or the pitch of Phrygian Ida." + }, + { + "id": 20058, + "la": "saepe etiam effossis, si vera est fama, latebris sub terra fovere larem, penitusque repertae pumicibusque cavis exesaeque arboris antro", + "en": "Often, too, if report be true, they have made a snug home in tunnelled hiding places underground, and are found deep in the hollows of pumice rock, or the cavern of a decayed tree." + }, + { + "id": 20059, + "la": "tu tamen et levi rimosa cubilia limo ungue fovens circum, et raras superinice frondes", + "en": "Yet keep them snug, smearing the chinks of their chambers with smooth clay, and flinging thereon a few leaves." + }, + { + "id": 20060, + "la": "neu propius tectis taxum sine, neve rubentis ure foco cancros, altae neu crede paludi, aut ubi odor caeni gravis aut ubi concava pulsu saxa sonant vocisque offensa resultat imago", + "en": "And suffer no yew too near the hive, nor roast the reddening crab at your hearth; and trust not a deep marsh or a place where the smell of mud is strong, or where the hollow rocks ring when struck, and the echoed voice rebounds from the shock." + }, + { + "id": 20061, + "la": "Quod superest, ubi pulsam hiemem Sol aureus egit sub terras caelumque aestiva luce reclusit, illae continuo saltus silvasque peragrant purpureosque metunt flores et flumina libant summa leves", + "en": "For the rest, when the golden Sun has driven winter in rout beneath the earth, and with summer light unlocked the sky, straightway they range through glades and groves, cull bright flowers, and lightly sip the streams brink." + }, + { + "id": 20062, + "la": "hinc nescio qua dulcedine laetae progeniem nidosque fovent, hinc arte recentis excudunt ceras et mella tenacia fingunt", + "en": "Hence it is that, glad with some strange joy, they cherish nest and nestlings; hence they deftly mould fresh wax and fashion the gluey honey." + }, + { + "id": 20063, + "la": "hinc ubi iam emissum caveis ad sidera caeli nare per aestatem liquidam suspexeris agmen obscuramque trahi vento mirabere nubem, contemplator: aquas dulcis et frondea semper tecta petunt", + "en": "Hence when you look up and see the host, just freed from the hive, floating towards the starry sky through the clear summer air'when you marvel at the dark cloud trailing down the wind'mark it well; they are ever in quest of sweet waters and leafy coverts." + }, + { + "id": 20064, + "la": "huc tu iussos adsperge sapores, trita melisphylla et cerinthae ignobile gramen, tinnitusque cie et Matris quate cymbala circum", + "en": "Here scatter the scents I prescribe'bruised balm, and the honeyworts lowly herb; raise a tinkling sound, and shake the Mighty Mothers cymbals round about." + }, + { + "id": 20065, + "la": "ipsae consident medicatis sedibus, ipsae intima more suo sese in cunabula condent", + "en": "Of themselves will they settle on the scented resting places; of themselves, after their wont, will hide far within their cradling cells." + }, + { + "id": 20066, + "la": "Sin autem ad pugnam exierint'nam saepe duobus regibus incessit magno discordia motu; continuoque animos vulgi et trepidantia bello corda licet longe praesciscere; namque morantis Martius ille aeris rauci canor increpat et vox auditur fractos sonitus imitata tubarum; tum trepidae inter se coeunt pinnisque coruscant spiculaque exacuunt rostris aptantque lacertos et circa regem atque ipsa ad praetoria densae miscentur magnisque vocant clamoribus hostem: ergo ubi ver nactae sudum camposque patentis, erumpunt portis: concurritur, aethere in alto fit sonitus, magnum mixtae glomerantur in orbem praecipitesque cadunt; non densior are grando, nec de concussa tantum pluit ilice glandis", + "en": "But, if haply for battle they have gone forth 'for strife with terrible turmoil has often fallen on two kings; and straightway you may presage from afar the fury of the crowd, and how their hearts thrill with war; for the warlike ring of the hoarse clarion stirs the loiterers, and a sound is heard that is like broken trumpet blasts. Then, all afire, they flock together: their wings flash, they sharpen their stings with their beaks 4 and make ready their arms. Round their king, and even by his royal tent, they swarm in throngs, and with loud cries challenge the foe. Therefore, when they have found a clear spring day and open field, they sally forth from the gates. There is a clash; in high air arises a din; they are mingled and massed in one great ball, then tumble headlong: no thicker is hail from the sky, not so dense is the rain of acorns from the shaken oak." + }, + { + "id": 20067, + "la": "ipsi per medias acies insignibus alis ingentis animos angusto in pectore versant, usque adeo obnixi non cedere, dum gravis aut hos aut hos versa fuga victor dare terga subegit", + "en": "In the midst of the ranks the chiefs themselves, with resplendent wings, have mighty souls beating in tiny breasts, ever steadfast not to yield, until the victors heavy hand has driven these or those to turn their backs in flight." + }, + { + "id": 20068, + "la": "hi motus animorum atque haec certamina tanta pulveris exigui iactu compressa quiescent", + "en": "These storms of passion, these savage conflicts, by the tossing of a little dust will be quelled and laid to rest." + }, + { + "id": 20069, + "la": "Verum ubi ductores acie revocaveris ambo, deterior qui visus, eum, ne prodigus obsit, dede neci; melior vacua sine regnet in aula", + "en": "But when you have called both captains back from the field, give up to death the meaner of look, that he prove no wasteful burden; let the nobler reign in the palace alone." + }, + { + "id": 20070, + "la": "alter erit maculis auro squalentibus ardens nam duo sunt genera: hic melior, insignis et ore et rutilis clarus squamis; ille horridus alter desidia latamque trahens inglorius alvum", + "en": "The one will be aglow with rough spots of gold for there are two sorts: one is better, noble of mien and bright with gleaming scales; the other squalid from sloth, and trailing ignobly a broad paunch." + }, + { + "id": 20071, + "la": "ut binae regum facies, ita corpora plebis", + "en": "As twofold are the features of the kings, so are the bodies of the subjects." + }, + { + "id": 20072, + "la": "namque aliae turpes horrent, ceu pulvere ab alto fmp cum venit et sicco terram spuit ore viator aridus; elucent aliae et fulgore coruscant ardentes auro et paribus lita corpora guttis", + "en": "For some are ugly and unsightly, as when from out of deep dust comes the parched wayfarer, and spits the dirt from his dried mouth. Others gleam, and flash in splendour, their bodies all ablaze and flecked with equal drops of gold." + }, + { + "id": 20073, + "la": "haec potior suboles, hinc caeli tempore certo dulcia mella premes, nec tantum dulcia, quantum et liquida et durum Bacchi domitura saporem", + "en": "This is the nobler breed; from this, in the skys due season, you will strain sweet honey'yet not so sweet as clear, and fit to subdue the harsh flavour of wine." + }, + { + "id": 20074, + "la": "At cum incerta volant caeloque examina ludunt contemnuntque favos et frigida tecta relinquunt, instabilis animos ludo prohibebis inani", + "en": "But when the swarms flit aimlessly and sport in the air, scorning their cells and leaving their hives chill, you must check their fickle spirit from such idle play." + }, + { + "id": 20075, + "la": "nec magnus prohibere labor: tu regibus alas eripe; non illis quisquam cunctantibus altum ire iter aut castris audebit vellere signa", + "en": "No hard task is it to check them. Do you tear from the monarchs their wings; while they tarry, no one will dare to go forth aloft, or pluck the standards from the camp." + }, + { + "id": 20076, + "la": "invitent croceis halantes floribus horti et custos furum atque avium cum falce saligna Hellespontiaci servet tutela Priapi", + "en": "Let there be gardens fragrant with saffron flowers to invite them, and let the watchman against thieves and birds, guardian Priapus, lord of the Hellespont, protect them with his willow hook." + }, + { + "id": 20077, + "la": "ipse thymum tinosque ferens de montibus altis tecta serat late circum, cui talia curae; ipse labore manum duro terat, ipse feracis figat humo plantas et amicos inriget imbres", + "en": "Let him to whom such care falls, himself bring thyme and laurestines from the high hills, and plant them widely round their homes; himself harden his hand with stern toil; himself plant in the ground fruitful slips and sprinkle kindly showers." + }, + { + "id": 20078, + "la": "Atque equidem, extremo ni iam sub fine laborum vela traham et terris festinem advertere proram, forsitan et, pinguis hortos quae cura colendi ornaret, canerem, biferique rosaria Paesti, quoque modo potis gauderent intiba rivis et virides apio ripae, tortusque per herbam cresceret in ventrem cucumis; nec sera comantem narcissum aut flexi tacuissem vimen acanthi pallentisque hederas et amantis litora myrtos", + "en": "In fact, were I not, with my task well-nigh done, about to furl my sails and making haste to turn my prow to land, perchance I might sing what careful tendance clothes rich gardens in flower, and might sing of Paestum whose rose beds bloom twice yearly, how the endive rejoices in drinking streams, the verdant banks in celery; how the cucumber, coiling through the grass, swells into a paunch. Nor should I have passed in silence the late-flowering narcissus, the twining tendril of the acanthus, pale ivy sprays, or the shore-loving myrtle." + }, + { + "id": 20079, + "la": "namque sub Oebaliae memini me turribus arcis, qua niger umectat flaventia culta Galaesus, Corycium vidisse senem, cui pauca relicti iugera ruris erant, nec fertilis illa iuvencis nec pecori opportuna seges nec commoda Baccho: hic rarum tamen in dumis olus albaque circum lilia verbenasque premens vescumque papaver regum aequabat opes animis, seraque revertens nocte domum dapibus mensas onerabat inemptis", + "en": "For I call to mind how once under the towers of the Oebalian citadel, where dark Galaesus waters the yellowing corn, I saw an old Cilician, who occupied a few acres of unclaimed land, not rich enough for ploughing, nor fit for pasturage, nor suited to the vine. Even so, planting cabbages here and there among the brambles, and white lilies and vervain and fine-seeded poppies, in happiness he equalled the wealth of kings, and returning home late at night he used to load his table with an unbought banquet." + }, + { + "id": 20080, + "la": "primus vere rosam atque autumno carpere poma, et cum tristis hiems etiamnum frigore saxa rumperet et glacie cursus frenaret aquarum, ille comam mollis iam tondebat hyacinthi aestatem increpitans seram Zephyrosque morantis", + "en": "First he was in the spring to gather roses, and apples in the fall; and when grim winter was still bursting rocks with her frost and braking the current of rivers with ice, already he was cutting soft-haired hyacinths and chiding laggard summer and the loitering zephyrs." + }, + { + "id": 20081, + "la": "ergo apibus fetis idem atque examine multo primus abundare et spumantia cogere pressis mella favis; illi tiliae atque uberrima tinus, quotque in flore novo pomis se fertilis arbos induerat, totidem autumno matura tenebat", + "en": "Thus it was that he was still the first to be enriched with teeming bees and a plenteous swarm, and first to gather from the squeezed comb the frothing honey; his limes and laurestines were ever luxuriant, and all the fruits which clothed his fertile trees in their early blossoming, so many they kept in the ripeness of autumn." + }, + { + "id": 20082, + "la": "ille etiam seras in versum distulit ulmos eduramque pirum et spinos iam pruna ferentis iamque ministrantem platanum potantibus umbras", + "en": "He would also plant out elms in rows, though late in season, pears when quite hard, blackthorns already hung with sloes, and planes already offering to drinkers the service of their shade." + }, + { + "id": 20083, + "la": "verum haec ipse equidem spatiis exclusus iniquis praetereo atque aliis post me memoranda relinquo", + "en": "But all this I must pass by, constrained by narrow bounds, and leave to others after me to record." + }, + { + "id": 20084, + "la": "Nunc age, naturas apibus quas Iuppiter ipse addidit expediam, pro qua mercede canoros Curetum sonitus crepitantiaque aera secutae Dictaeo caeli regem pavere sub antro", + "en": "Come now, the qualities which Jove himself has given bees, I will unfold'even the reward for which they followed the tuneful sounds and clashing bronzes of the Curetes, and fed the king of Heaven within the cave of Dicte." + }, + { + "id": 20085, + "la": "solae communis natos, consortia tecta urbis habent, magnisque agitant sub legibus aevum", + "en": "They alone have children in common, hold the dwellings of their city jointly, and pass their life under the majesty of law." + }, + { + "id": 20086, + "la": "et patriam solae et certos novere penates, venturaeque hiemis memores aestate laborem experiuntur et in medium quaesita reponunt", + "en": "They alone know a fatherland and fixed home, and in summer, mindful of the winter to come, spend toilsome days and garner their gains into a common store." + }, + { + "id": 20087, + "la": "namque aliae victu invigilant et foedere pacto exercentur agris; pars intra saepta domorum narcissi lacrimam et lentum de cortice gluten prima favis ponunt fundamina, deinde tenacis suspendunt ceras;", + "en": "For some watch over the gathering of food, and under fixed covenant labour in the fields; some, within the confines of their homes, lay down the narcissus tears and gluey gum from tree bark as the first foundation of the comb, then hang aloft clinging wax;" + }, + { + "id": 20088, + "la": "aliae spem gentis adultos educunt fetus; aliae purissima mella stipant et liquido distendunt nectare cellas; sunt quibus ad portas cecidit custodia sorti, inque vicem speculantur aquas et nubila caeli, aut onera accipiunt venientum, aut agmine facto ignavum fucos pecus a praesepibus arcent: fervet opus, redolentque thymo fragrantia mella", + "en": "others lead out the full-grown young, the nations hope; others pack purest honey, and swell the cells with liquid nectar. To some it has fallen by lot to be sentries at the gates, and in turn they watch the rains and clouds of heaven, or take the load of incomers, or in martial array drive the drones, a lazy herd, from the folds. All aglow is the work, and the fragrant honey is sweet with thyme." + }, + { + "id": 20089, + "la": "ac veluti lentis Cyclopes fulmina massis cum properant, alii taurinis follibus auras accipiunt redduntque, alii stridentia tingunt aera lacu; gemit impositis incudibus Aetna; illi inter sese magna vi bracchia tollunt mp in numerum, versantque tenaci forcipe ferrum: non aliter, si parva licet componere magnis, Cecropias innatus apes amor urget habendi munere quamque suo", + "en": "And as, when the Cyclopes in haste forge bolts from tough ore, some with oxhide bellows make the blasts come and go, others dip the hissing brass in the lake, while Aetna groans under the anvils laid upon her; they, with mighty force, now one, now another, raise their arms in measured cadence, and turn the iron with gripping tongs'even so, if we may compare small things with great, an inborn love of gain spurs on the Attic bees, each after its own office." + }, + { + "id": 20090, + "la": "grandaevis oppida curae et munire favos et daedala fingere tecta", + "en": "The aged have charge of the towns, the building of the hives, the fashioning of the cunningly wrought houses." + }, + { + "id": 20091, + "la": "at fessae multa referunt se nocte minores, mpr crura thymo plenae; pascuntur et arbuta passim et glaucas salices casiamque crocumque rubentem et pinguem tiliam et ferrugineos hyacinthos", + "en": "But the young betake them home in weariness, late at night, their thighs freighted with thyme; far and wide they feed on arbutus, on pale-green willows, on cassia and ruddy crocus, on the rich linden, and the dusky hyacinth." + }, + { + "id": 20092, + "la": "omnibus una quies operum, labor omnibus unus: mane ruunt portis, nusquam mora; rursus easdem Vesper ubi e pastu tandem decedere campis admonuit, tum tecta petunt, tum corpora curant; fit sonitus, mussantque oras et limina circum", + "en": "All have one season to rest from labour, all one season to toil. At dawn they pour from the gates'no loitering; again, when the star of eve has warned them to withdraw from their pasture in the fields, then they seek their homes, then they refresh their frames; a sound is heard, as they hum about the entrances and on the thresholds." + }, + { + "id": 20093, + "la": "post, ubi iam thalamis se composuere, siletur in noctem, fessosque sopor suus occupat artus", + "en": "Anon, when they have laid them to rest in their chambers, silence reigns into the night, and well-earned sleep seizes their weary limbs." + }, + { + "id": 20094, + "la": "nec vero a stabulis pluvia impendente recedunt longius, aut credunt caelo adventantibus Euris, sed circum tutae sub moenibus urbis aquantur excursusque brevis temptant, et saepe lapillos, ut cumbae instabiles fluctu iactante saburram, tollunt, his sese per inania nubila librant", + "en": "Nor yet, if rain impend, do they stray far from their stalls, or trust the sky when eastern gales are near, but round about, beneath the shelter of their city walls, draw water, and essay short flights; and often they raise tiny stones, as unsteady barques take up ballast in a tossing sea, and with these balance themselves amid the unsubstantial clouds." + }, + { + "id": 20095, + "la": "saepe etiam duris errando in cotibus alas attrivere, ultroque animam sub fasce dedere: tantus amor florum et generandi gloria mellis", + "en": "Often, too, as they wander among rugged rocks they bruise their wings, and freely yield their lives under their load'so deep is their love of flowers and their glory in begetting honey." + }, + { + "id": 20096, + "la": "Illum adeo placuisse apibus mirabere morem, quod neque concubitu indulgent, nec corpora segnes in Venerem solvunt aut fetus nixibus edunt; verum ipsae e foliis natos, e suavibus herbis ore legunt, ipsae regem parvosque Quirites sufficiunt, aulasque et cerea regna refingunt", + "en": "You will also marvel that this custom has found favour with bees, that they indulge not in conjugal embraces, nor idly unnerve their bodies in love, or bring forth young with travail, but of themselves gather their children in their mouths from leaves and sweet herbs, of themselves provide a new monarch and tiny burghers, and remodel their palaces and waxen realms." + }, + { + "id": 20097, + "la": "ergo ipsas quamvis angusti terminus aevi excipiat (neque enim plus septima ducitur aestas), at genus immortale manet, multosque per annos stat fortuna domus, et avi numerantur avorum", + "en": "Therefore, though the limit of a narrow span awaits the bees themselves'for it never stretches beyond the seventh summer'yet the race abides immortal, for many a year stands firm the fortune of the house, and grandsires grandsires are numbered on the roll." + }, + { + "id": 20098, + "la": "Praeterea regem non sic Aegyptus et ingens Lydia nec populi Parthorum aut Medus Hydaspes observant", + "en": "Moreover, neither Egypt nor mighty Lydia, nor the Parthian tribes, nor Median Hydaspes, show such homage to their king." + }, + { + "id": 20099, + "la": "rege incolumi mens omnibus una est; amisso rupere fidem, constructaque mella diripuere ipsae et crates solvere favorum", + "en": "While he is safe, all are of one mind; when he is lost, straightway they break their fealty, and themselves pull down the honey they have reared and tear up their trellised combs." + }, + { + "id": 20100, + "la": "ille operum custos, illum admirantur et omnes circumstant fremitu denso stipantque frequentes, et saepe attollunt umeris et corpora bello obiectant pulchramque petunt per vulnera mortem", + "en": "He is the guardian of their toils; to him they do reverence; all stand round him in clamorous crowd, and attend him in throngs. Often they lift him on their shoulders, for him expose their bodies to battle, and seek amid wounds a glorious death." + }, + { + "id": 20101, + "la": "His quidam signis atque haec exempla secuti esse apibus partem divinae mentis et haustus aetherios dixere; deum namque ire per omnia, terrasque tractusque maris caelumque profundum; hinc pecudes, armenta, viros, genus omne ferarum, quemque sibi tenuis nascentem arcessere vitas; scilicet huc reddi deinde ac resoluta referri omnia, nec morti esse locum, sed viva volare sideris in numerum atque alto succedere caelo", + "en": "Led by such tokens and such instances, some have taught that the bees have received a share of the divine intelligence, and a draught of heavenly ether; 10 for God, they saw, pervades all things, earth and seas expanse and heavens depth; from him the flocks and herds, men and beasts of every sort draw, each at birth, the slender stream of life; to him all beings thereafter return, and, when unmade, are restored; no place is there for death, but, still quick, they fly unto the ranks of the stars, and mount to the heavens aloft." + }, + { + "id": 20102, + "la": "Si quando sedem angustam servataque mella thesauris relines, prius haustu sparsus aquarum ora fove, fumosque manu praetende sequacis", + "en": "Whenever you would break into the close-packed dwelling and the honey hoarded in their treasure houses, first with a draught of water sprinkle and rinse your mouth, and in your hand hold forth searching smoke." + }, + { + "id": 20103, + "la": "illis ira modum supra est, laesaeque venenum morsibus inspirant, et spicula caeca relinquunt adfixae venis, animasque in vulnere ponunt", + "en": "Their rage is beyond measure; when hurt, they breathe poison into their bites, and fastening on the veins leave there their unseen stings and lay down their lives in the wound." + }, + { + "id": 20104, + "la": "bis gravidos cogunt fetus, duo tempora messis, Taygete simul os terris ostendit honestum Plias et Oceani spretos pede reppulit amnis, aut eadem sidus fugiens ubi Piscis aquosi tristior hibernas caelo descendit in undas", + "en": "Twice they gather the teeming produce; two seasons are there for the harvest'first, so soon as Taygete the Pleiad has shown her comely face to the earth, and spurned with scornful foot the streams of Ocean, and when that same star, fleeing before the sign of the watery Fish, sinks sadly from heaven into the wintry waves." + }, + { + "id": 20105, + "la": "sin duram metues hiemem parcesque futuro contusosque animos et res miserabere fractas, at suffire thymo cerasque recidere inanis quis dubitet?", + "en": "But if you fear a rigorous winter, and would be lenient with their future, and have pity for their crushed spirits and broken fortunes'yet who would hesitate to fumigate them with thyme, and cut away the empty waxen cells?" + }, + { + "id": 20106, + "la": "nam saepe favos ignotus adedit stellio et lucifugis congesta cubilia blattis immunisque sedens aliena ad pabula fucus; aut asper crabro imparibus se immiscuit armis, aut dirum tiniae genus, aut invisa Minervae laxos in foribus suspendit aranea cassis", + "en": "For often the newt, unnoticed, has nibbled at the combs, the light-shunning beetles cram the chambers, and the unhelpful drone seats him at anothers board. Or the fierce hornet has rushed upon their unequal forces, or the moths appear, a pestilent race, or the spider, hateful to Minerva, hangs in the doorway her loose-woven nets." + }, + { + "id": 20107, + "la": "quo magis exhaustae fuerint, hoc acrius omnes incumbent generis lapsi sarcire ruinas complebuntque foros et floribus horrea texent", + "en": "The more their hoards are drained, the more eagerly will they press on to repair the ruin of their fallen race, filling up their cell galleries and weaving their granaries with flower gum." + }, + { + "id": 20108, + "la": "Si vero, quoniam casus apibus quoque nostros vita tulit, tristi languebunt corpora morbo' quod iam non dubiis poteris cognoscere signis: continuo est aegris alius color; horrida vultum deformat macies; tum corpora luce carentum exportant tectis et tristia funera ducunt; aut illae pedibus conexae ad limina pendent, aut intus clausis cunctantur in aedibus omnes ignavaeque fame et contracto frigore pigrae", + "en": "But, since to bees as well has life brought the ills of man, if their bodies droop with a grievous disease'and this you can at once discern by no uncertain signs: straightway, as they sicken, their colour changes, an unsightly leanness mars their looks; forth from their doors they bear the bodies of those bereft of life, and lead the mournful funeral train; or else, linked foot to foot, there by the portal they hang, or within locked doors they linger, all spiritless with hunger and torpid with pinching cold." + }, + { + "id": 20109, + "la": "tum sonus auditur gravior, tractimque susurrant, frigidus ut quondam silvis immurmurat Auster, ut mare sollicitum stridit refluentibus undis, aestuat ut clausis rapidus fornacibus ignis", + "en": "Then is heard a duller sound, a long-drawn buzz, as at times the chill South sighs in the woods, as the fretted sea whistles with its ebbing surge, as seethes in close-barred furnaces the devouring flame." + }, + { + "id": 20110, + "la": "hic iam galbaneos suadebo incendere odores mellaque harundineis inferre canalibus, ultro hortantem et fessas ad pabula nota vocantem", + "en": "Then would I have you burn forthwith fragrant gum, and give them honey through pipes of reed, freely heartening them, and calling the weary to their familiar food." + }, + { + "id": 20111, + "la": "proderit et tunsum gallae admiscere saporem arentisque rosas, aut igni pinguia multo defruta vel psithia passos de vite racemos, Cecropiumque thymum et grave olentia centaurea", + "en": "It will be well, too, to blend the flavour of pounded galls, and dried rose leaves, or must made rich over a strong fire, or dried clusters from the Psithian vine, with Attic thyme and strong-smelling centaury." + }, + { + "id": 20112, + "la": "est etiam flos in pratis, cui nomen amello fecere agricolae, facilis quaerentibus herba; namque uno ingentem tollit de caespite silvam, aureus ipse, sed in foliis, quae plurima circum funduntur, violae sublucet purpura nigrae; saepe deum nexis ornatae torquibus arae; asper in ore sapor; tonsis in vallibus illum pastores et curva legunt prope flumina Mellae", + "en": "A flower, too, there is in the meadows, which farmers have called amellus, a plant easy for searchers to find, for from a single clump it lifts a vast growth. Golden is the disk, but in the petals, streaming profusely round, there is a crimson gleam amid the dark violet. Often with its woven garlands have the gods altars been decked; its flavour is bitter to the tongue; shepherds cull it in meadows cropped by the flock, and by Mellas winding streams." + }, + { + "id": 20113, + "la": "huius odorato radices incoque Baccho pabulaque in foribus plenis appone canistris", + "en": "This plants roots you must boil in fragrant wine, and set for food at their doors in full baskets." + }, + { + "id": 20114, + "la": "Sed si quem proles subito defecerit omnis nec genus unde novae stirpis revocetur habebit, tempus et Arcadii memoranda inventa magistri pandere, quoque modo caesis iam saepe iuvencis insincerus apes tulerit cruor", + "en": "But if anyones whole stock has failed him, and he knows not how to restore the race in a new line, then it is also time to reveal the famed device of the Arcadian master, and the mode whereby often, in the past, the putrid blood of slain bullocks has engendered bees." + }, + { + "id": 20115, + "la": "altius omnem expediam prima repetens ab origine famam", + "en": "From its fount I will unfold the whole story, tracing it back from its first source." + }, + { + "id": 20116, + "la": "nam qua Pellaei gens fortunata Canopi accolit effuso stagnantem flumine Nilum et circum pictis vehitur sua rura phaselis, quaque pharetratae vicinia Persidis urget, et diversa ruens septem discurrit in ora usque coloratis amnis devexus ab Indis, et viridem Aegyptum nigra fecundat harena, omnis in hac certam regio iacit arte salutem", + "en": "For where the favoured people of Macedonian Canopus dwell by the still waters of the flooded Nile, and sail in painted barges about their fields, there, where the borderland of quivered Persia presses close and the rushing river splits up into seven separate mouths after sweeping all the way down from the swarthy Indians and with its black sands fertilizes verdant Egypt, there the whole region rests its sure hope of salvation upon this device." + }, + { + "id": 20117, + "la": "Exiguus primum atque ipsos contractus in usus eligitur locus; hunc angustique imbrice tecti parietibusque premunt artis, et quattuor addunt quattuor a ventis obliqua luce fenestras", + "en": "First is chosen a place, small and straitened for this very purpose. This they confine with a narrow roof of tiles and close walls, and towards the four winds add four windows with slanting light." + }, + { + "id": 20118, + "la": "tum vitulus bima curvans iam cornua fronte quaeritur; huic geminae nares et spiritus oris multa reluctanti obstruitur, plagisque perempto tunsa per integram solvuntur viscera pellem", + "en": "Then a bullock is sought, one just arching his horns on a brow of two summers growth. Struggle as he will, both his nostrils are stopped up, and the breath of his mouth; then he is beaten to death, and his flesh is pounded to a pulp through the unbroken hide." + }, + { + "id": 20119, + "la": "sic positum in clauso linquunt et ramea costis subiciunt fragmenta, thymum casiasque recentis", + "en": "As thus he lies, they leave him in his prison, and strew beneath his sides broken boughs, thyme, and fresh cassia." + }, + { + "id": 20120, + "la": "hoc geritur Zephyris primum impellentibus undas, ante novis rubeant quam prata coloribus, ante garrula quam tignis nidum suspendat hirundo", + "en": "This is done when the zephyrs begin to stir the waves, before ever the meadows blush with their fresh hues, before the chattering swallow hangs her nest from the rafters." + }, + { + "id": 20121, + "la": "interea teneris tepefactus in ossibus umor aestuat, et visenda modis animalia miris, trunca pedum primo, mox et stridentia pinnis, miscentur, tenuemque magis magis ara carpunt, donec ut aestivis effusus nubibus imber erupere, aut ut nervo pulsante sagittae, prima leves ineunt si quando proelia Parthi", + "en": "Meantime the moisture, warming in the softened bones, ferments, and creatures of wondrous wise to view, footless at first, soon with buzzing wings as well, swarm together, and more and more essay the light air, until, like a shower pouring from summer clouds, they burst forth, or like arrows from the strings rebound, when the light-armed Parthians enter on the opening battle." + }, + { + "id": 20122, + "la": "Quis deus hanc, Musae, quis nobis extudit artem? unde nova ingressus hominum experientia cepit? pastor Aristaeus fugiens Peneia Tempe, amissis, ut fama, apibus morboque fameque, tristis ad extremi sacrum caput astitit amnis, multa querens, atque hac adfatus voce parentem: mater, Cyrene mater, quae gurgitis huius ima tenes, quid me praeclara stirpe deorum (si modo, quem perhibes, pater est Thymbraeus Apollo) invisum fatis genuisti?", + "en": "What god, ye Muses, forged for us this device? Whence did mans strange adventuring take its rise? Aristaeus the shepherd, quitting Tempe by the Peneus, when'so runs the tale'his bees were lost through sickness and hunger, sorrowfully stopped beside the sacred fount at the streams head, and with much complaint called on his mother thus: O mother, mother Cyrene, who dwell in this floods depths, why, from the gods glorious line'if indeed, as you say, Thymbraean Apollo is my father'did you give me birth, to be hated of the fates?" + }, + { + "id": 20123, + "la": "aut quo tibi nostri pulsus amor? quid me caelum sperare iubebas? en etiam hunc ipsum vitae mortalis honorem, quem mihi vix frugum et pecudum custodia sollers omnia temptanti extuderat, te matre relinquo", + "en": "Or whither is your love for me banished? Why did you bid me hope for Heaven? Lo, even this very crown of my mortal life, which the skilful tending of crops and cattle had scarce wrought out for me for all my endeavour'though you are my mother, I resign." + }, + { + "id": 20124, + "la": "quin age et ipsa manu felicis erue silvas, fer stabulis inimicum ignem atque interfice messes, ure sata et validam in vitis molire bipennem, tanta meae si te ceperunt taedia laudis.", + "en": "Come, and with your own hand tear up my fruitful woods; put hostile flame to my stalls, destroy my crops, burn my seedlings, and swing the stout axe against my vines, if such loathing for my honour has seized you." + }, + { + "id": 20125, + "la": "At mater sonitum thalamo sub fluminis alti sensit", + "en": "But his mother heard the cry from her bower beneath the rivers depths." + }, + { + "id": 20126, + "la": "eam circum Milesia vellera Nymphae carpebant, hyali saturo fucata colore, Drymoque Xanthoque Ligeaque Phyllodoceque, caesariem effusae nitidam per candida colla, Nesaee Spioque Thaliaque Cymodoceque, Cydippe et flava Lycorias, altera virgo, altera tum primos Lucinae experta labores, Clioque et Beroe soror, Oceanitides ambae, ambae auro, pictis incinctae pellibus ambae, atque Ephyre atque Opis et Asia Deiopea et tandem positis velox Arethusa sagittis", + "en": "About her the Nymphs were spinning fleeces of Miletus, dyed with rich glassy hue'Drymo and Xantho, Ligea and Phyllodoce, their shining tresses floating over snowy necks; Nesaea and Spio, Thalia and Cymodoce; Cydippe and golden-haired Lycorias'a maiden one, the other having but felt the first birth-throes; Clio and Beroe her sister, daughters of Ocean both, both arrayed in gold, and both in dappled hides; 16 Ephyre and Opis, and Asian Deiopea, and fleet Arethusa, her arrows laid aside at last." + }, + { + "id": 20127, + "la": "inter quas curam Clymene narrabat inanem Volcani Martisque dolos et dulcia furta, aque Chao densos divum numerabat amores", + "en": "Among these Clymene was telling of Vulcans baffled care, of the wiles and stolen joys of Mars, and from Chaos on was rehearsing the countless loves of the gods." + }, + { + "id": 20128, + "la": "carmine quo captae dum fusis mollia pensa devolvunt, iterum maternas impulit auris luctus Aristaei, vitreisque sedilibus omnes obstipuere;", + "en": "And while, charmed by the strain, they unrolled the soft coils from their spindles, again the wail of Aristaeus smote upon his mothers ear, and all upon their crystal thrones were startled." + }, + { + "id": 20129, + "la": "sed ante alias Arethusa sorores prospiciens summa flavum caput extulit unda, et procul: o gemitu non frustra exterrita tanto, Cyrene soror, ipse tibi, tua maxima cura, tristis Aristaeus nostri genitoris ad undam stat lacrimans, et te crudelem nomine dicit.", + "en": "Yet, first of all the sisters, Arethusa, looking forth, raised her golden head above the waters brim, and cried from afar: O sister Cyrene, not vain was your alarm at this loud lament. Tis even he, your own beloved, your Aristaeus, standing sadly and in tears by the waters of our father, 17 and crying out on you by name for cruelty." + }, + { + "id": 20130, + "la": "Huic percussa nova mentem formidine mater duc, age, duc ad nos; fas illi limina divum tangere ait: simul alta iubet discedere late flumina, qua iuvenis gressus inferret", + "en": "To her the mother, her soul smitten with strange dread, cries: O bring him, bring him to us; lawful it is for him to tread the threshold divine. And withal, she bade the deep streams part asunder far, that so the youth might enter in." + }, + { + "id": 20131, + "la": "at illum curvata in montis faciem circumstetit unda, accepitque sinu vasto misitque sub amnem", + "en": "And lo, the wave, arched mountain-like, stood round about, and, welcoming him within the vast recess, ushered him beneath the stream." + }, + { + "id": 20132, + "la": "iamque domum mirans genetricis et umida regna speluncisque lacus clausos lucosque sonantis ibat, et ingenti motu stupefactus aquarum omnia sub magna labentia flumina terra spectabat diversa locis, Phasimque Lycumque et caput, unde altus primum se erumpit Enipeus, unde pater Tiberinus et unde Aniena fluenta saxosusque sonans Hypanis Mysusque Caicus, et gemina auratus taurino cornua vultu Eridanus, quo non alius per pinguia culta in mare purpureum violentior effluit amnis", + "en": "And now, marvelling at his mothers home, a realm of waters, at the lakes locked in caverns, and the echoing groves, he went on his way, and, dazed by the mighty rush of waters, he gazed on all the rivers, as, each in his own place, they glide under the great earth 'Phasis and Lycus, the fount whence deep Enipeus first breaks forth, whence Father Tiber, whence the streams of Anio and rocky, roaring Hypanis, and Mysian Cacus, and Eridanus, on whose bulls brow are two gilded horns: no other stream of mightier force flows through the fertile fields to join the violet sea." + }, + { + "id": 20133, + "la": "postquam est in thalami pendentia pumice tecta perventum et nati fletus cognovit inanis Cyrene, manibus liquidos dant ordine fontis germanae, tonsisque ferunt mantelia villis; pars epulis onerant mensas et plena reponunt pocula, Panchaeis adolescunt ignibus arae", + "en": "Soon as he reached the bower with its hanging roof of stone, and Cyrene heard the tale of her sons idle tears, the sisters, in due order, pour on his hands clear spring-waters, and bring smooth-shorn napkins. Some load the board with the feast, and in turn set on the brimming cups; the altars blaze up with Panchaean fires." + }, + { + "id": 20134, + "la": "et mater cape Maeonii carchesia Bacchi: Oceano libemus ait: simul ipsa precatur Oceanumque patrem rerum Nymphasque sorores, centum quae silvas, centum quae flumina servant", + "en": "Then cried his mother: Take the goblets of Maeonian wine; pour we a libation to Ocean! And she prayed to Ocean, universal father, and the sister Nymphs, who guard a hundred forests and a hundred streams." + }, + { + "id": 20135, + "la": "ter liquido ardentem perfundit nectare Vestam, ter flamma ad summum tecti subiecta reluxit", + "en": "Thrice with clear nectar she sprinkles the glowing hearth; thrice the flame, shooting up to the rooftop, gleamed afresh." + }, + { + "id": 20136, + "la": "omine quo firmans animum sic incipit ipsa: Est in Carpathio Neptuni gurgite vates, caeruleus Proteus, magnum qui piscibus aequor et iuncto bipedum curru metitur equorum", + "en": "With this omen to cheer his heart, she thus herself began: In Neptunes Carpathian flood there dwells a seer, Proteus, of sea-green hue, who traverses the mighty main in his car drawn by fishes and a team of two-footed steeds." + }, + { + "id": 20137, + "la": "hic nunc Emathiae portus patriamque revisit Pallenen; hunc et Nymphae veneramur et ipse grandaevus Nereus; novit namque omnia vates, quae sint, quae fuerint, quae mox ventura trahantur; quippe ita Neptuno visum est, immania cuius armenta et turpis pascit sub gurgite phocas", + "en": "Even now he revisits the havens of Thessaly and his native Pallene. To him we Nymphs do reverence, and aged Nereus himself; for the seer has knowledge of all things'what is, what hath been, what is in train before long to happen'for so has it seemed good to Neptune, whose monstrous herds and unsightly seals he pastures beneath the wave." + }, + { + "id": 20138, + "la": "hic tibi, nate, prius vinclis capiendus, ut omnem expediat morbi causam eventusque secundet", + "en": "Him, my son, you must first take in fetters, that he may unfold to you all the cause of the sickness, and bless the issue." + }, + { + "id": 20139, + "la": "nam sine vi non ulla dabit praecepta, neque illum orando flectes; vim duram et vincula capto tende; doli circum haec demum frangentur inanes", + "en": "For without force he will give you no counsel, nor shall you bend him by prayer. With stern force and fetters make fast the captive; thereon alone his wiles will shatter themselves in vain." + }, + { + "id": 20140, + "la": "ipsa ego te, medios cum sol accenderit aestus, cum sitiunt herbae et pecori iam gratior umbra est, in secreta senis ducam, quo fessus ab undis se recipit, facile ut somno adgrediare iacentem", + "en": "I myself, when the sun has kindled his noonday heat, when the grass is athirst, and the shade is now welcome to the flock, will guide you to the aged ones retreat, whither when weary he retires, so that you may assail him with ease as he lies asleep." + }, + { + "id": 20141, + "la": "verum ubi correptum manibus vinclisque tenebis, tum variae eludent species atque ora ferarum", + "en": "But when you hold him in the grasp of hands and fetters, then will manifold forms baffle you, and figures of wild beasts." + }, + { + "id": 20142, + "la": "fiet enim subito sus horridus atraque tigris squamosusque draco et fulva cervice leaena, aut acrem flammae sonitum dabit atque ita vinclis excidet, aut in aquas tenuis dilapsus abibit", + "en": "For of a sudden he will become a bristly boar, a deadly tiger, a scaly serpent, or a lioness with tawny neck; or he will give forth the fierce roar of flame, and thus slip from his fetters, or he will melt into fleeting water and be gone." + }, + { + "id": 20143, + "la": "sed quanto ille magis formas se vertet in omnis tam tu, nate, magis contende tenacia vincla, donec talis erit mutato corpore, qualem videris, incepto tegeret cum lumina somno", + "en": "But the more he turn himself into all shapes, the more, my son, should you tighten his fetters, until after his last changes of body he become such as you saw when he closed his eyes at the beginning of slumber." + }, + { + "id": 20144, + "la": "Haec ait et liquidum ambrosiae defundit odorem, quo totum nati corpus perduxit; at illi dulcis compositis spiravit crinibus aura atque habilis membris venit vigor", + "en": "She spoke, and shed abroad ambrosias fragrant stream, wherewith she steeped her sons whole frame: and lo, a sweet effluence breathed from his smoothened locks, and vigour and suppleness passed into his limbs." + }, + { + "id": 20145, + "la": "est specus ingens exesi latere in montis, quo plurima vento mpr cogitur inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos, deprensis olim statio tutissima nautis; intus se vasti Proteus tegit obice saxi", + "en": "There is a vast cavern, hollowed in a mountains side, whither many a wave is driven by the wind, then separates into receding inlets'at times a haven most sure for storm-caught mariners. Within, Proteus shelters himself with the barrier of a huge rock." + }, + { + "id": 20146, + "la": "hic iuvenem in latebris aversum a lumine Nympha collocat, ipsa procul nebulis obscura resistit", + "en": "Here the Nymph stations the youth in ambush, away from the light; she herself, veiled in a mist, stands aloof." + }, + { + "id": 20147, + "la": "iam rapidus torrens sitientis Sirius Indos ardebat caelo, et medium sol igneus orbem hauserat; arebant herbae, et cava flumina siccis faucibus ad limum radii tepefacta coquebant, cum Proteus consueta petens e fluctibus antra ibat: eum vasti circum gens umida ponti exsultans rorem late dispergit amarum", + "en": "And now the Dog Star, fiercely parching the thirsty Indians, was ablaze in heaven, and the fiery Sun had consumed half his course; the grass was withering and the hollow streams, in their parched throats, were scorched and baked by the rays down to the slime, when Proteus came from the waves, in quest of his wonted cave. About him the watery race of the vast deep gambolled, scattering afar the briny spray." + }, + { + "id": 20148, + "la": "sternunt se somno diversae in litore phocae; ipse velut stabuli custos in montibus olim, Vesper ubi e pastu vitulos ad tecta reducit auditisque lupos acuunt balatibus agni, mprv considit scopulo medius, numerumque recenset", + "en": "The seals lay them down to sleep, here and there along the shore; he himself'even as at times the warder of a sheepfold on the hills, when Vesper brings the steers home from pasture, and the cry of bleating lambs whets the wolfs hunger'sits down on a rock in the midst and counts their number." + }, + { + "id": 20149, + "la": "cuius Aristaeo quoniam est oblata facultas, vix defessa senem passus componere membra cum clamore ruit magno, manicisque iacentem occupat", + "en": "Soon as the chance came to Aristaeus, he scarce suffered the aged one to settle his weary limbs, before he burst upon him with a loud cry and surprised him in fetters as he lies." + }, + { + "id": 20150, + "la": "ille suae contra non immemor artis omnia transformat sese in miracula rerum, ignemque horribilemque feram fluviumque liquentem", + "en": "On his part, the seer forgets not his craft, but changes himself into all wondrous shapes'into flame and hideous beast and flowing river." + }, + { + "id": 20151, + "la": "verum ubi nulla fugam reperit fallacia, victus in sese redit atque hominis tandem ore locutus nam quis te, iuvenum confidentissime, nostras iussit adire domos? quidve hinc petis? inquit", + "en": "But when no stratagem wins escape, vanquished he returns to himself, and at last speaks with human voice: Why, who, he cried, most presumptuous of youths, bade you invade our home? Or what seek you hence?" + }, + { + "id": 20152, + "la": "at ille scis, Proteu, scis ipse; neque est te fallere quicquam; sed tu desine velle", + "en": "But he: You know, Proteus; you know of yourself, nor may one deceive you in aught, but give up your wish to deceive." + }, + { + "id": 20153, + "la": "deum praecepta secuti venimus hinc lassis quaesitum oracula rebus.", + "en": "Following the counsel of Heaven, we are come to seek hence an oracle for our weary fortunes." + }, + { + "id": 20154, + "la": "tantum effatus", + "en": "So much he spoke." + }, + { + "id": 20155, + "la": "ad haec vates vi denique multa ardentis oculos intorsit lumine glauco, et graviter frendens sic fatis ora resolvit: Non te nullius exercent numinis irae; magna luis commissa: tibi has miserabilis Orpheus haudquaquam ad meritum poenas, ni fata resistant, suscitat, et rapta graviter pro coniuge saevit", + "en": "On this the seer, yielding at last to mighty force, rolled on him eyes ablaze with grey-green light, and, grimly gnashing his teeth, thus opened his lips to tell of fates decrees: It is a god, no other, whose anger pursues you: great is the crime you are paying for; this punishment, far less than you deserve, unhappy Orpheus arouses against you'did not Fate interpose'and rages implacably for the loss of his bride." + }, + { + "id": 20156, + "la": "illa quidem, dum te fugeret per flumina praeceps, immanem ante pedes hydrum moritura puella servantem ripas alta non vidit in herba", + "en": "She, in headlong flight along the river, if only she might escape you, saw not, doomed maiden, amid the deep grass the monstrous serpent at her feet that guarded the banks." + }, + { + "id": 20157, + "la": "at chorus aequalis Dryadum clamore supremos implevit montis; flerunt Rhodopeiae arces altaque Pangaea et Rhesi Mavortia tellus atque Getae atque Hebrus et Actias Orithyia", + "en": "But her sister band of Dryads filled the mountain-tops with their cries; the towers of Rhodope wept, and the Pangaean heights, and the martial land 22 of Rhesus, the Getae and Hebrus and Orithyia, Actes child." + }, + { + "id": 20158, + "la": "ipse cava solans aegrum testudine amorem mr te, dulcis coniunx, te solo in litore secum, te veniente die, te decedente canebat", + "en": "But he, solacing an aching heart with music from his hollow shell, sang of you, dear wife, sang of you to himself on the lonely shore, of you as day drew nigh, of you as day departed." + }, + { + "id": 20159, + "la": "Taenarias etiam fauces, alta ostia Ditis, et caligantem nigra formidine lucum ingressus, Manisque adiit regemque tremendum nesciaque humanis precibus mansuescere corda", + "en": "He even passed through the jaws of Taenarum, the lofty portals of Dis, the grove that is murky with black terror, and made his way to the land of the dead with its fearful king and hearts no human prayers can soften." + }, + { + "id": 20160, + "la": "fmr at cantu commotae Erebi de sedibus imis umbrae ibant tenues simulacraque luce carentum, quam multa in foliis avium se milia condunt, Vesper ubi aut hibernus agit de montibus imber, matres atque viri defunctaque corpora vita magnanimum heroum, pueri innuptaeque puellae, impositique rogis iuvenes ante ora parentum, quos circum limus niger et deformis harundo Cocyti tardaque palus inamabilis unda alligat et noviens Styx interfusa coercet", + "en": "Stirred by his song, up from the lowest realms of Erebus came the insubstantial shades, the phantoms of those who lie in darkness, as many as the myriads of birds that shelter among the leaves when evening or a wintry shower drives them from the hills'women and men, and figures of great-souled heroes, their life now done, boys and girls unwed, and sons placed on the pyre before their fathers eyes. But round them are the black ooze and unsightly reeds of Cocytus, the unlovely mere enchaining them with its sluggish water, and Styx holding them fast within his ninefold circles." + }, + { + "id": 20161, + "la": "quin ipsae stupuere domus atque intima Leti Tartara caeruleosque implexae crinibus anguis Eumenides, tenuitque inhians tria Cerberus ora, atque Ixionii vento rota constitit orbis", + "en": "Still more: the very house of Death and deepest abysses of Hell were spellbound, and the Furies with livid snakes entwined in their hair; Cerberus stood agape and his triple jaws forgot to bark; the wind subsided, and Ixions wheel came to a stop." + }, + { + "id": 20162, + "la": "Iamque pedem referens casus evaserat omnis, redditaque Eurydice superas veniebat ad auras, pone sequens (namque hanc dederat Proserpina legem), cum subita incautum dementia cepit amantem, ignoscenda quidem, scirent si ignoscere Manes: restitit, Eurydicenque suam iam luce sub ipsa immemor heu! victusque animi respexit", + "en": "And now, as he retraced his steps, he had avoided all mischance, and the regained Eurydice was nearing the upper world, following behind'for that condition had Proserpine imposed'when a sudden frenzy seized Orpheus, unwary in his love, a frenzy meet for pardon, did Hell know how to pardon! He halted, and on the very verge of light, unmindful, alas, and vanquished in purpose, on Eurydice, now regained looked back!" + }, + { + "id": 20163, + "la": "ibi omnis effusus labor atque immitis rupta tyranni foedera, terque fragor stagnis auditus Avernis", + "en": "In that instant all his toil was spilt like water, the ruthless tyrants pact was broken, and thrice a peal of thunder was heard amid the pools of Avernus." + }, + { + "id": 20164, + "la": "illa quis et me inquit miseram et te perdidit, Orpheu, quis tantus furor? en iterum crudelia retro fata vocant conditque natantia lumina somnus", + "en": "She cried: What madness, Orpheus, what dreadful madness has brought disaster alike upon you and me, poor soul? See, again the cruel Fates call me back, and sleep seals my swimming eyes." + }, + { + "id": 20165, + "la": "iamque vale: feror ingenti circumdata nocte mr invalidasque tibi tendens, heu! non tua, palmas.", + "en": "And now farewell! I am borne away, covered in nights vast pall, and stretching towards you strengthless hands, regained, alas! no more." + }, + { + "id": 20166, + "la": "dixit et ex oculis subito, ceu fumus in auras commixtus tenuis, fugit diversa, neque illum prensantem nequiquam umbras et multa volentem dicere praeterea vidit; nec portitor Orci amplius obiectam passus transire paludem", + "en": "She spoke, and straightway from his sight, like smoke mingling with thin air, vanished afar and saw him not again, as he vainly clutched at the shadows with so much left unsaid; nor did the ferryman of Orcus suffer him again to pass the barrier of the marsh." + }, + { + "id": 20167, + "la": "quid faceret? quo se rapta bis coniuge ferret? quo fletu manis, quae numina voce moveret? illa quidem Stygia nabat iam frigida cumba", + "en": "What could he do? Whither turn, twice robbed of his wife? With what tears move Hell? To what deities address his prayers? She indeed, already death-cold, was afloat in the Stygian barque." + }, + { + "id": 20168, + "la": "septem illum totos perhibent ex ordine mensis rupe sub aria deserti ad Strymonis undam flevisse, et gelidis haec evolvisse sub antris mulcentem tigris et agentem carmine quercus: qualis populea maerens philomela sub umbra amissos queritur fetus, quos durus arator observans nido implumis detraxit; at illa flet noctem, ramoque sedens miserabile carmen integrat, et maestis late loca questibus implet", + "en": "Of him they tell that for seven whole months day after day beneath a lofty crag beside lonely Strymons stream he wept, and in the shelter of cool dales unfolded this his tale, charming tigers and drawing oaks with his song: even as the nightingale, mourning beneath a poplars shade, bewails her young ones loss, when a heartless ploughman, watching their resting place, has plucked them unfledged from the nest: the mother weeps all night long, as, perched on a branch, she repeats her piteous song and fills all around with plaintive lamentation." + }, + { + "id": 20169, + "la": "nulla Venus, non ulli animum flexere hymenaei: solus Hyperboreas glacies Tanaimque nivalem arvaque Riphaeis numquam viduata pruinis lustrabat, raptam Eurydicen atque inrita Ditis dona querens", + "en": "No thought of love or wedding song could bend his soul. Alone he roamed the frozen North, along the icy Tanais, and the fields ever wedded to Riphaean snows, mourning his lost Eurydice and Plutos cancelled boon;" + }, + { + "id": 20170, + "la": "spretae Ciconum quo munere matres inter sacra deum nocturnique orgia Bacchi discerptum latos iuvenem sparsere per agros", + "en": "till the Ciconian women, resenting such devotion, in the midst of their sacred rites and their midnight Bacchic orgies, tore the youth limb from limb and flung him over the far-spread plains." + }, + { + "id": 20171, + "la": "tum quoque marmorea caput a cervice revulsum gurgite cum medio portans Oeagrius Hebrus volveret, Eurydicen vox ipsa et frigida lingua, a miseram Eurydicen! anima fugiente vocabat: Eurydicen toto referebant flumine ripae", + "en": "And even when Oeagrian Hebrus rolled in mid-current that head, severed from its marble neck, the disembodied voice and the tongue, now cold for ever, called with departing breath on Eurydice'ah, poor Eurydice! Eurydice the banks re-echoed, all along the stream." + }, + { + "id": 20172, + "la": "Haec Proteus, et se iactu dedit aequor in altum, quaque dedit, spumantem undam sub vertice torsit", + "en": "Thus Proteus, and at a bound plunged into the deep sea, and where he plunged, whirled the water into foam beneath the eddy." + }, + { + "id": 20173, + "la": "at non Cyrene, namque ultro adfata timentem: nate, licet tristis animo deponere curas", + "en": "Cyrene stayed, and straightway spoke to the startled youth: You may dismiss from your mind the care that troubles it." + }, + { + "id": 20174, + "la": "haec omnis morbi causa, hinc miserabile Nymphae, cum quibus illa choros lucis agitabat in altis, exitium misere apibus", + "en": "This is the whole cause of the sickness, and hence it is that the Nymphs, with whom she used to tread the dance in the deep groves, have sent this wretched havoc on your bees." + }, + { + "id": 20175, + "la": "tu munera supplex tende petens pacem, et facilis venerare Napaeas; namque dabunt veniam votis, irasque remittent", + "en": "You must offer a suppliants gifts, sue for peace, and pay homage to the gentle maidens of the woods; for they will grant pardon to prayers, and relax their wrath." + }, + { + "id": 20176, + "la": "sed modus orandi qui sit prius ordine dicam", + "en": "But first I will tell you in order the manner of your supplication." + }, + { + "id": 20177, + "la": "quattuor eximios praestanti corpore tauros, qui tibi nunc viridis depascunt summa Lycaei, delige et intacta totidem cervice iuvencas", + "en": "Pick out four choice bulls, of surpassing form, that now graze among your herds on the heights of green Lycaeus, and as many heifers of unyoked neck." + }, + { + "id": 20178, + "la": "quattuor his aras alta ad delubra dearum constitue, et sacrum iugulis demitte cruorem corporaque ipsa boum frondoso desere luco", + "en": "For these set up four altars by the stately shrines of the goddesses, and drain the sacrificial blood from their throats, but leave the bodies of the steers within the leafy grove." + }, + { + "id": 20179, + "la": "post ubi nona suos Aurora ostenderit ortus, inferias Orphei Lethaea papavera mittes, et nigram mactabis ovem, lucumque revises: placatam Eurydicen vitula venerabere caesa.", + "en": "Later, when the ninth Dawn displays her rising beams, you must offer to Orpheus funeral dues of Lethes poppies, slay a black ewe, and revisit the grove. Then with Eurydice appeased you should honour her with the slaying of a calf." + }, + { + "id": 20180, + "la": "Haud mora: continuo matris praecepta facessit;", + "en": "Tarrying not, he straightway does his mothers bidding." + }, + { + "id": 20181, + "la": "ad delubra venit, monstratas excitat aras, gmr quattuor eximios praestanti corpore tauros ducit et intacta totidem cervice iuvencas", + "en": "He comes to the shrine, raises the altars appointed, and leads there four choice bulls, of surpassing form, and as many heifers of unyoked neck." + }, + { + "id": 20182, + "la": "post ubi nona suos Aurora induxerat ortus, inferias Orphei mittit, lucumque revisit", + "en": "Later, when the ninth Dawn had ushered in her rising beams, he offers to Orpheus the funeral dues, and revisits the grove." + }, + { + "id": 20183, + "la": "hic vero subitum ac dictu mirabile monstrum aspiciunt, liquefacta boum per viscera toto stridere apes utero et ruptis effervere costis, immensasque trahi nubes, iamque arbore summa confluere et lentis uvam demittere ramis", + "en": "But here they espy a portent, sudden and wondrous to tell'throughout the paunch, amid the molten flesh of the oxen, bees buzzing and swarming forth from the ruptured sides, then trailing in vast clouds, till at last on a treetop they stream together, and hang in clusters from the bending boughs." + }, + { + "id": 20184, + "la": "Haec super arvorum cultu pecorumque canebam et super arboribus, Caesar dum magnus ad altum fulminat Euphraten bello victorque volentis per populos dat iura viamque adfectat Olympo", + "en": "So much I sang in addition to the care of fields, of cattle, and of trees, while great Caesar thundered in war by deep Euphrates and bestowed a victors laws on willing nations, and essayed the path to Heaven." + }, + { + "id": 20185, + "la": "illo Vergilium me tempore dulcis alebat Parthenope, studiis florentem ignobilis oti, carmina qui lusi pastorum audaxque iuventa, Tityre, te patulae cecini sub tegmine fagi", + "en": "In those days I, Virgil, was nursed by sweet Parthenope, and rejoiced in the arts of inglorious ease'I who toyed with shepherds songs, and, in youths boldness, sang of you, Tityrus, under the canopy of a spreading beech." + }, + { + "id": 20186, + "la": "Cum divina tua mens et numen, imperator Caesar, imperio potiretur orbis terrarum invictaque virtute cunctis hostibus stratis triumpho victoriaque tua cives gloriarentur et gentes omnes subactae tuum spectarent nutum populusque Romanus et senatus liberatus timore amplissimis tuis cogitationibus consiliisque gubernaretur,", + "en": "When your Highnesss divine mind and power, O Caesar, gained the empire of the world,1 Rome gloried in your triumph and victory. For all her enemies were crushed by your invincible courage and all mankind obeyed your bidding; the Roman people and senate were not only freed from fear2 but followed your guidance, inspired as it was by a generous imagination." + }, + { + "id": 20187, + "la": "non audebam, tantis occupationibus, de architectura scripta et magnis cogitationibus explicata edere, metuens, ne non apto tempore interpellans subirem tui animi offensionem", + "en": "Amid such affairs I shrank from publishing my writings on architecture in which I displayed designs made to a large scale, for I feared lest by interrupting at an inconvenient time, I should be found a hindrance to your thoughts." + }, + { + "id": 20188, + "la": "Cum vero adtenderem te non solum de vita communi omnium curam publicaeque rei constitutionem habere sed etiam de opportunitate publicorum aedificiorum, ut civitas per te non solum provinciis esset aucta,", + "en": "But I observed that you cared not only about the common life of all men, and the constitution of the state, but also about the provision3 of suitable public buildings; so that the state was not only made greater through you by its new provinces," + }, + { + "id": 20189, + "la": "verum etiam ut maiestas imperii publicorum aedificiorum egregias haberet auctoritates, non putavi praetermittendum, quin primo quoque tempore de his rebus ea tibi ederem, ideo quod primum parenti tuo de eo fueram notus et eius virtutis studiosus Cum autem concilium caelestium in sedibus inmortalitatis eum dedicavisset et imperium parentis in tuam potestatem transtulisset, idem studium meum in eius memoria permanens in te contulit favorem", + "en": "but the majesty of the empire also was expressed through the eminent dignity of its public buildings. Hence I conceived that the opportunity should be taken at once of bringing before you my proposals about these things: the more so, because I had been first known to your father1 herein, whose virtues I revered. When, however, the Council of Heaven gave him an abode in the mansion of the immortals and placed in your power your fathers empire, that same zeal of mine which had remained faithful to his memory found favour also with you." + }, + { + "id": 20190, + "la": "Itaque cum M Aurelio et P Minidio et Cn Cornelio ad apparationem balistarum et scorpionum reliquorumque tormentorum refectionem fui praesto et cum eis commoda accepi, quae, cum primo mihi tribuisti recognitionem, per sororis commendationem servasti", + "en": "Therefore, along with M. Aurelius and P. Minidius and Cn. Cornelius, I was put in charge of the construction and repair of balistae2 and scorpiones2 and other engines of war, and, along with my colleagues, received advancement. After first granting me this surveyorship,3 you continued it by the recommendation of your sister." + }, + { + "id": 20191, + "la": "Cum ergo eo beneficio essem obligatus, ut ad exitum vitae non haberem inopiae timorem, haec tibi scribere coepi, quod animadverti multa te aedificavisse et nunc aedificare, reliquo quoque tempore et publicorum et privatorum aedificiorum, pro amplitudine rerum gestarum ut posteris memoriae traderentur, curam habiturum", + "en": "Since, then, I was indebted to you for such benefits that to the end of life I had no fear of poverty, I set about the composition of this work for you. For I perceived that you have built, and are now building, on a large scale. Furthermore, with respect to the future, you have such regard to public and private buildings, that they will correspond to the grandeur of our history, and will be a memorial to future ages." + }, + { + "id": 20192, + "la": "Conscripsi praescriptiones terminatas, ut eas adtendens et ante facta et futura qualia sint opera, per te posses nota habere", + "en": "I have furnished a detailed treatise so that, by reference to it, you might inform yourself about the works already complete or about to be entered upon." + }, + { + "id": 20193, + "la": "Namque his voluminibus aperui omnes disciplinae rationes", + "en": "In the following books I have expounded a complete system of architecture." + }, + { + "id": 20194, + "la": "Architecti est scientia pluribus disciplinis et variis eruditionibus ornata, [cuius iudicio probantur omnia] quae ab ceteris artibus perficiuntur", + "en": "The science of the architect depends upon many disciplines and various apprenticeships which are carried out in other arts." + }, + { + "id": 20195, + "la": "Opera ea nascitur et fabrica et ratiocinatione", + "en": "His personal service1 consists in craftsmanship and technology." + }, + { + "id": 20196, + "la": "Fabrica est continuata ac trita usus meditatio, quae manibus perficitur e materia cuiuscumque generis opus est ad propositum deformationis", + "en": "Craftsmanship is continued and familiar practice, which is carried out by the hands2 in such material as is necessary for the purpose of a design." + }, + { + "id": 20197, + "la": "Ratiocinatio autem est, quae res fabricatas sollertiae ac rationis proportione demonstrare atque explicare potest", + "en": "Technology sets forth and explains things wrought in accordance with technical skill and method." + }, + { + "id": 20198, + "la": "Itaque architecti, qui sine litteris contenderant, ut manibus essent exercitati, non potuerunt efficere, ut haberent pro laboribus auctoritatem; qui autem ratiocinationibus et litteris solis confisi fuerunt, umbram non rem persecuti videntur", + "en": "So architects who without culture aim at manual skill cannot gain a prestige corresponding to their labours, while those who trust to theory and literature obviously follow a shadow and not reality." + }, + { + "id": 20199, + "la": "At qui utrumque perdidicerunt, uti omnibus armis ornati citius cum auctoritate, quod fuit propositum, sunt adsecuti", + "en": "But those who have mastered both, like men equipped in full armour, soon acquire influence and attain their purpose." + }, + { + "id": 20200, + "la": "Cum in omnibus enim rebus, tum maxime etiam in architectura haec duo insunt, quod significatur et quod significat", + "en": "Both in general and especially in architecture are these two things found; that which signifies and that which is signified." + }, + { + "id": 20201, + "la": "Significatur proposita res, de qua dicitur; hanc autem significat demonstratio rationibus doctrinarum explicata", + "en": "That which is signified is the thing proposed about which we speak; that which signifies is the demonstration unfolded in systems of precepts." + }, + { + "id": 20202, + "la": "Quare videtur utraque parte exercitatus esse debere, qui se architectum profiteatur", + "en": "Wherefore a man who is to follow the architectural profession manifestly needs to have experience of both kinds." + }, + { + "id": 20203, + "la": "Itaque eum etiam ingeniosum oportet esse et ad disciplinam docilem", + "en": "He must have both a natural gift3 and also readiness to learn." + }, + { + "id": 20204, + "la": "Neque enim ingenium sine disciplina aut disciplina sine ingenio perfectum artificem potest efficere", + "en": "(For neither talent without instruction nor instruction without talent can produce the perfect craftsman.)" + }, + { + "id": 20205, + "la": "Et ut litteratus sit, peritus graphidos, eruditus geometria, historias complures noverit, philosophos diligenter audierit, musicam scierit, medicinae non sit ignarus, responsa iurisconsultorum noverit, astrologiam caelique rationes cognitas habeat", + "en": "He should be a man of letters, a skilful draughtsman, a mathematician, familiar with scientific inquiries, a diligent student of philosophy, acquainted with music; not ignorant of medicine, learned in the responses of jurisconsults, familiar with astronomy and astronomical calculations." + }, + { + "id": 20206, + "la": "Quae cur ita sint, haec sunt causae", + "en": "The reasons why this should be so are these." + }, + { + "id": 20207, + "la": "Litteras architectum scire oportet, uti commentariis memoriam firmiorem efficere possit", + "en": "An architect must be a man of letters that he may keep a record of useful precedents." + }, + { + "id": 20208, + "la": "Deinde graphidis scientiam habere, quo facilius exemplaribus pictis quam velit operis speciem deformare valeat", + "en": "By his skill in draughtsmanship he will find it easy by coloured1 drawings to represent the effect desired." + }, + { + "id": 20209, + "la": "Geometria autem plura praesidia praestat architecturae; et primum ex euthygrammis circini tradit usum, e quo maxime facilius aedificiorum in areis expediuntur descriptiones normarumque et librationum et linearum directiones", + "en": "Mathematics again furnishes many resources to architecture. It teaches the use of rule and compass and thus facilitates the laying out of buildings on their sites by the use of set-squares, levels and alignments." + }, + { + "id": 20210, + "la": "Item per opticen in aedificiis ab certis regionibus caeli lumina recte ducuntur", + "en": "By optics,2 in buildings, lighting is duly drawn from certain aspects of the sky." + }, + { + "id": 20211, + "la": "Per arithmeticen vero sumptus aedificiorum consummantur, mensurarum rationes explicantur, difficilesque symmetriarum quaestiones geometricis rationibus et methodis inveniuntur", + "en": "By arithmetic, the cost of building is summed up; the methods of mensuration are indicated; while the difficult problems of symmetry are solved by geometrical rules and methods." + }, + { + "id": 20212, + "la": "Historias autem plures novisse oportet, quod multa ornamenta saepe in operibus architecti designant, de quibus argumentis rationem, cur fecerint, quaerentibus reddere debent", + "en": "Architects ought to be familiar with history because in their works they often design many ornaments about which they ought to render an account to inquirers." + }, + { + "id": 20213, + "la": "Quemadmodum si quis statuas marmoreas muliebres stolatas, quae cariatides dicuntur, pro columnis in opere statuerit et insuper mutulos et coronas conlocaverit, percontantibus ita reddet rationem", + "en": "For example, if anyone in his work sets up, instead of columns, marble statues of long-robed women which are called caryatids,3 and places mutules and cornices above them, he will thus render an account to inquirers." + }, + { + "id": 20214, + "la": "Caria, civitas Peloponnensis, cum Persis hostibus contra Graeciam consensit", + "en": "Caria,1 a Peloponnesian state, conspired with the Persian enemy against Greece." + }, + { + "id": 20215, + "la": "Postea Graeci per victoriam gloriose bello liberati communi consilio Cariatibus bellum indixerunt", + "en": "Afterwards the Greeks, gloriously freed from war by their victory, with common purpose went on to declare war on the inhabitants of Caria." + }, + { + "id": 20216, + "la": "Itaque oppido capto, viris interfectis, civitate declarata matronas eorum in servitutem abduxerunt, nec sunt passi stolas neque ornatus matronales deponere, uti non una triumpho ducerentur, sed aeterno, servitutis exemplo gravi contumelia pressae poenas pendere viderentur pro civitate", + "en": "The town was captured; the men were killed; the state was humiliated. Their matrons were led away into slavery and were not allowed to lay aside their draperies and ornaments. In this way, and not at one time alone, were they led in triumph. Their slavery was an eternal warning. Insult crushed them. They seemed to pay a penalty for their fellow-citizens." + }, + { + "id": 20217, + "la": "Ideo qui tunc architecti fuerunt aedificiis publicis designaverunt earum imagines oneri ferundo conlocatas, ut etiam posteris nota poena peccati Cariatium memoriae traderetur", + "en": "And so the architects of that time designed for public buildings figures of matrons placed to carry burdens; in order that the punishment of the sin of the Cariatid women might be known to posterity and historically recorded." + }, + { + "id": 20218, + "la": "Non minus Lacones, Pausania Agesilae filio duce, Plataeeo proelio pauca manu infinitum numerum exercitus Persarum cum superavissent, acto cum gloria triumpho spoliorum et praedae, porticum Persicam ex manubiis, laudis et virtutis civium indicem, victoriae posteris pro tropaeo constituerunt", + "en": "Not less the Spartans under the command of Pausanias, son of Agesilas,2 having conquered with a small force an infinitely large army of Persians, gloriously celebrated a triumph with spoils and plunder, and, from the booty, built the Persian Colonnade3 to signify the merit and courage of the citizens and to be a trophy of victory to their descendants." + }, + { + "id": 20219, + "la": "Ibique captivorum simulacra barbarico vestis ornatu, superbia meritis contumeliis punita, sustinentia tectum conlocaverunt, uti et hostes horrescerent timore eorum fortitudinis effectus, et cives id exemplum virtutis aspicientes gloria erecti ad defendendam libertatem essent parati", + "en": "There they placed statues of their captives in barbaric dress'punishing their pride with deserved insults'to support the roof, that their enemies might quake, fearing the workings of such bravery, and their fellow-citizens looking upon a pattern of manhood might by such glory be roused and prepared for the defence of freedom." + }, + { + "id": 20220, + "la": "Itaque ex eo multi statuas Persicas sustinentes epistylia et ornamenta eorum conlocaverunt, et ita ex eo argumento varietates egregias auxerunt operibus", + "en": "Therefrom many have set up Persian statues to support architraves and their ornaments. This motive has supplied for their works some striking variations." + }, + { + "id": 20221, + "la": "Item sunt aliae eiusdem generis historiae, quarum notitiam architectos tenere oporteat", + "en": "There are also other narratives of the same kind with which architects should possess acquaintance." + }, + { + "id": 20222, + "la": "Philosophia vero perficit architectum animo magno et uti non sit adrogans, sed potius facilis, aequus et fidelis, sine avaritia, quod est maximum;", + "en": "Philosophy, however, makes the architect high-minded, so that he should not be arrogant but rather urbane, fair-minded, loyal, and what is most important, without avarice;" + }, + { + "id": 20223, + "la": "nullum enim opus vere sine fide et castitate fieri potest;", + "en": "for no work can be truly done without good faith and clean hands." + }, + { + "id": 20224, + "la": "ne sit cupidus neque in muneribus accipiendis habeat animum occupatum, sed cum gravitate suam tueatur dignitatem bonam famam habendo;", + "en": "Let him not be greedy nor have his mind busied with acquiring gifts; but let him with seriousness guard his dignity by keeping a good name." + }, + { + "id": 20225, + "la": "et haec enim philosophia praescribit", + "en": "And such are the injunctions of philosophy." + }, + { + "id": 20226, + "la": "Praeterea de rerum natura, quae graece physiologia dicitur, philosophia explicat", + "en": "Philosophy, moreover, explains the nature of things1 (and this in Greek is physiologia)," + }, + { + "id": 20227, + "la": "Quam necesse est studiosius novisse, quod habet multas et varias naturales quaestiones", + "en": "a subject which it is necessary to have studied carefully because it presents many different natural problems," + }, + { + "id": 20228, + "la": "Ut etiam in aquarum ductionibus", + "en": "as, for example, in the case of water-supply." + }, + { + "id": 20229, + "la": "Incursibus enim et circuitionibus et librata planitie expressionibus spiritus naturales aliter atque aliter fiunt, quorum offensionibus mederi nemo poterit, nisi qui ex philosophia principia rerum naturae noverit", + "en": "For in the case of watercourses, where there are channels or bends or where water is forced along on a levelled plane, natural air-pockets are produced in different ways, and the difficulties which they cause cannot be remedied by anyone unless he has learnt from philosophy the principles of nature." + }, + { + "id": 20230, + "la": "Item qui Ctesibii aut Archimedis et ceterorum, qui eiusdem generis praecepta conscripserunt, leget, sentire non poterit, nisi his rebus a philosophis erit institutus", + "en": "So also the man who reads the works of Ctesibius2 or Archimedes3 and of others who have written manuals of the same kind will not be able to perceive their meaning, unless he has been instructed herein by philosophers." + }, + { + "id": 20231, + "la": "Musicen autem sciat oportet, uti canonicam rationem et mathematicam notam habeat, praeterea balistarum, catapultarum, scorpionum temperaturas possit recte facere", + "en": "A man must know music that he may have acquired the acoustic4 and mathematical relations and be able to carry out rightly the adjustments of balistae, catapultae and scorpiones." + }, + { + "id": 20232, + "la": "In capitulis enim dextra ac sinistra sunt foramina hemitoniorum, per quae tenduntur suculis et vectibus e nervo torti funes, qui non praecluduntur nec praeligantur, nisi sonitus ad artificis aures certos et aequales fecerunt", + "en": "For in the crossbeams on right and left are holes of half-tones (hemitonia)1 through which ropes twisted out of thongs are stretched by windlasses and levers. And these ropes are not shut off nor tied up, unless they make clear and equal sounds in the ear of the craftsman." + }, + { + "id": 20233, + "la": "Bracchia enim, quae in eas tentiones includuntur, cum extenduntur, aequaliter et pariter utraque plagam mittere debent; quodsi non homotona fuerint, inpedient directam telorum missionem", + "en": "For the arms which are shut up under those strains, when they are stretched out, ought to furnish an impetus evenly, and alike on either side. But if they do not give an equal note, they will hinder the straight direction of the missiles." + }, + { + "id": 20234, + "la": "Item theatris vasa aerea, quae in cellis sub gradibus mathematica ratione conlocantur quae Graeci echeia appellant;", + "en": "In theatres, also, are copper vessels and these are placed in chambers under the rows of seats in accordance with mathematical reckoning. The Greeks call them echeia" + }, + { + "id": 20235, + "la": "sonitum et discrimina ad symphonias musicas sive concentus componuntur divisa in circinatione diatessaron et diapente et disdiapason, uti vox scaenici sonitus conveniens in dispositionibus tactu cum offenderit, aucta cum incremento clarior et suavior ad spectatorum perveniat aures", + "en": "The differences of the sounds which arise are combined into musical symphonies or concords: the circle of seats being divided into fourths and fifths and the octave. Hence, if the delivery of the actor from the stage is adapted to these contrivances, when it reaches them, it becomes fuller, and reaches the audience with a richer and sweeter note." + }, + { + "id": 20236, + "la": "Hydraulicas quoque machinas et cetera, quae sunt similia his organis, sine musicis rationibus efficere nemo poterit", + "en": "Or again, no one who lacks a knowledge of music can make water-engines3 or similar machines." + }, + { + "id": 20237, + "la": "Disciplinam vero medicinae novisse oportet propter inclinationem caeli, quae Graeci climata dicunt, et aeris et locorum, qui sunt salubres aut pestilentes, aquarumque usus; sine his enim rationibus nulla salubris habitatio fieri potest", + "en": "Again, he must know the art of medicine4 in its relation to the regions of the earth (which the Greeks call climata); and to the characters of the atmosphere, of localities (wholesome or pestilential), of water-supply. For apart from these considerations, no dwelling can be regarded as healthy." + }, + { + "id": 20238, + "la": "Iura quoque nota habeat oportet, ea quae necessaria sunt aedificiis communibus parietum ad ambitum stillicidiorum et cloacarum, luminum", + "en": "He must be familiar with the rights or easements which necessarily belong to buildings with party walls, as regards the range of eaves-droppings, drains and lighting." + }, + { + "id": 20239, + "la": "Item, aquarum ductiones et cetera, quae eiusmodi sunt, nota oportet sint architectis, uti ante caveant quam instituant aedificia, ne controversiae factis operibus patribus familiarum relinquantur, et ut legibus scribendis prudentia cavere possit et locatori et conductori;", + "en": "The water-supply, also, and other related matters, ought to be familiar to architects: so that, before building is begun, precautions may be taken, lest on completion of the works the proprietors should be involved in disputes. Again, in writing the specifications,1 careful regard is to be paid both to the employer and to the contractor." + }, + { + "id": 20240, + "la": "namque si lex perite fuerit scripta, erit ut sine captione uterque ab utroque liberetur", + "en": "For if the specification is carefully written, either party may be released from his obligations to the other, without the raising of captious objections." + }, + { + "id": 20241, + "la": "Ex astrologia autem cognoscitur oriens, occidens, meridies, septentrio, etiam caeli ratio, aequinoctium, solstitium, astrorum cursus; quorum notitiam si quis non habuerit, horologiorum rationem omnino scire non poterit", + "en": "By astronomy we learn the east, the west, the south and the north; also the order of the heavens, the equinox, the solstice, the course of the planets. For if anyone is unfamiliar with these, he will fail to understand the construction of clocks." + }, + { + "id": 20242, + "la": "Cum ergo tanta haec disciplina sit, condecorata et abundans eruditionibus variis ac pluribus, non puto posse iuste repente profiteri architectos, nisi qui ab aetate puerili his gradibus disciplinarum scandendo scientia plerarumque litterarum et artium nutriti pervenerint ad summum templum architecturae", + "en": "Since, therefore, so great a profession3 as this is adorned by, and abounds in, varied and numerous accomplishments, I think that only these persons can forthwith justly claim to be architects who from boyhood have mounted by the steps of these studies and, being trained generally in the knowledge of arts and the sciences, have reached the temple of architecture at the top." + }, + { + "id": 20243, + "la": "Ac fortasse mirum videbitur inperitis hominibus posse naturam tantum numerum doctrinarum perdiscere et memoria continere", + "en": "But perhaps it will seem wonderful to inexperienced persons that human nature can master and hold in recollection so large a number of subjects." + }, + { + "id": 20244, + "la": "Cum autem animadverterint omnes disciplinas inter se coniunctionem rerum et communicationem habere, fieri posse faciliter credent;", + "en": "When, however, it is perceived that all studies are related to one another and have points of contact, they will easily believe it can happen." + }, + { + "id": 20245, + "la": "encyclios enim disciplina uti corpus unum ex his membris est composita", + "en": "For a general education is put together like one body from its members." + }, + { + "id": 20246, + "la": "Itaque qui a teneris aetatibus eruditionibus variis instruuntur, omnibus litteris agnoscunt easdem notas communicationemque omnium disciplinarum, et ea re facilius omnia cognoscunt", + "en": "So those who from tender years are trained in various studies recognise the same characters in all the arts and see the intercommunication of all disciplines, and by that circumstance more easily acquire general information." + }, + { + "id": 20247, + "la": "Ideoque de veteribus architectis Pythius, qui Prieni aedem Minervae nobiliter est architectatus, ait in suis commentariis architectum omnibus artibus et doctrinis plus oportere posse facere, quam qui singulas res suis industriis et exercitationibus ad summam claritatem perduxerunt", + "en": "And, therefore, one of the old architects Pythius, who was the designer of the noble temple of Minerva at Priene, says in his Commentaries that an architect ought to be able to do more in all arts and sciences than those who, by their industry and experience, have advanced individual arts to the highest renown." + }, + { + "id": 20248, + "la": "Id autem re non expeditur", + "en": "But that is not in fact established." + }, + { + "id": 20249, + "la": "Non enim debet nec potest esse architectus grammaticus, uti fuerit Aristarchus, sed non agrammatus, nec musicus ut Aristoxenus, sed non amusos, nec pictor ut Apelles, sed graphidos non inperitus, nec plastes quemadmodum Myron seu Polyclitus, sed rationis plasticae non ignarus, nec denuo medicus ut Hippocrates, sed non aniatrologicus, nec in ceteris doctrinis singulariter excellens, sed in is non inperitus", + "en": "For an architect ought to be and can be no critic like Aristarchus,1 yet not without culture; no musician like Aristoxenus,2 yet not without knowledge of music; no painter like Apelles,3 yet not unskilled with his pencil; no sculptor like Myron4 or Polyclitus,5 yet not ignorant of the plastic art; nor in fine a physician like Hippocrates,6 yet not unskilled in medicine; nor in other sciences excelling in a singular manner, yet in these not unskilled." + }, + { + "id": 20250, + "la": "Non enim in tantis rerum varietatibus elegantias singulares quisquam consequi potest, quod earum ratiocinationes cognoscere et percipere vix cadit in potestatem", + "en": "For in so great a variety of things no one can in every case attain minute perfection, because it scarcely falls into his power to acquire and understand their methods." + }, + { + "id": 20251, + "la": "Nec tamen non tantum architecti non possunt in omnibus rebus habere summum effectum, sed etiam ipsi qui privatim proprietates tenent artium, non efficiunt, ut habeant omnes summum laudis principatum", + "en": "Yet while architects are thus not able in every art to achieve the highest perfection, even those who severally possess the qualities of the craftsman do not all succeed in reaching supreme mastery." + }, + { + "id": 20252, + "la": "Ergo si in singulis doctrinis singuli artifices neque omnes sed pauci aevo perpetuo nobilitatem vix sunt consecuti, quemadmodum potest architectus, qui pluribus artibus debet esse peritus, non id ipsum mirum et magnum facere, ne quid ex his indigeat, sed etiam ut omnes artifices superet qui singulis doctrinis adsiduitatem cum industria summa praestiterunt?", + "en": "Therefore, since in each art, single craftsmen, not all, but few throughout the ages have scarcely attained renown, why should not an architect, who has to be skilled in several arts, count it a fine achievement if he is not deficient in anything belonging to them? How can he hope for so great and remarkable a thing as to surpass craftsmen who have assiduously and with the greatest industry applied themselves to single employments?" + }, + { + "id": 20253, + "la": "Igitur in hac re Pythius errasse videtur, quod non animadvertit ex duabus rebus singulas artes esse compositas, ex opere et eius ratiocinatione, ex his autem unum proprium esse eorum qui singulis rebus sunt exercitati, id est operis effectus, alterum commune cum omnibus doctis, id est rationem, uti medicis et musicis et de venarum rythmo ad pedem motus, ut si vulnus mederi aut aegrum eripere de periculo oportuerit, non accedet musicus, sed id opus proprium erit medici;", + "en": "Therefore in this matter Pythius seems to have erred because he failed to perceive that the several arts are composed of two things'craftsmanship and the theory of it. Of these the one, craftsmanship, is proper to those who are trained in the several arts, namely, the execution of the work; the other, namely, theory, is shared with educated persons. Physician and musician alike deal with the rhythm of the pulse and the movement of the feet. For example, if a man has to heal a wound or to rescue a sick man out of danger, it is not the musician who will come, but it will be the special work of a physician." + }, + { + "id": 20254, + "la": "item in organo non medicus sed musicus modulabitur, ut aures suae cantionibus recipiant iucunditatem", + "en": "So also in the case of a musical instrument, a musician and not a physician will be in control so that ones ears may receive the sweetness of a song." + }, + { + "id": 20255, + "la": "Similiter cum astrologis et musicis est disputatio communis de sympathia stellarum et symphoniarum in quadratis et trigonis diatessaron et diapente, a geometris de visu qui graece logos opticos appellatur;", + "en": "Likewise there is a question common to astronomers and musicians about the sympathy of stars and of the concords, fourths and fifths, in quadrants and triangles; and geometers1 treat about vision, which in Greek is called logos opticos" + }, + { + "id": 20256, + "la": "ceterisque omnibus doctrinis multae res vel omnes communes sunt dumtaxat ad disputandum", + "en": "thus throughout all the sciences many things, or indeed all, are in common so far as theory is concerned." + }, + { + "id": 20257, + "la": "Operum vero ingressus qui manu aut tractationibus ad elegantiam perducuntur, ipsorum sunt, qui proprie una arte ad faciendum sunt instituti", + "en": "But the taking up of work which is finely executed by hand,3 or technical methods, belongs to those who have been specially trained to work in a single trade." + }, + { + "id": 20258, + "la": "Ergo satis abunde videtur fecisse, qui ex singulis doctrinis partes et rationes earum mediocriter habet notas, eas quae necessariae sunt ad architecturam, uti, si quid de his rebus et artibus iudicare et probare opus fuerit, ne deficiatur", + "en": "Therefore, he seems to have done quite enough who in the several arts is moderately familiar with the branches and methods which are necessary to architecture, so that he is not at a loss when it is necessary to judge and test any work done in these other departments and trades." + }, + { + "id": 20259, + "la": "Quibus vero natura tantum tribuit sollertiae, acuminis, memoriae, ut possint geometriam, astrologiam, musicen ceterasque disciplinas penitus habere notas, praetereunt officia architectorum et efficiuntur mathematici", + "en": "But those individuals on whom nature has bestowed so much skill, acumen, retentiveness that they can be thoroughly familiar with geometry, astronomy, music and other studies, go beyond the duties of an architect and are to be regarded as mathematicians." + }, + { + "id": 20260, + "la": "Itaque faciliter contra eas disciplinas disputare possunt, quod pluribus telis disciplinarum sunt armati", + "en": "And thus they can easily dispute about those subjects because they are armed with the weapons provided by their studies." + }, + { + "id": 20261, + "la": "Hi autem inveniuntur raro, ut aliquando fuerunt Aristarchus Samius, Philolaus et Archytas Tarentini, Apollonius Pergaeus, Eratosthenes Cyrenaeus, Archimedes et Scopinas ab Syracusis, qui multas res organicas, gnomonicas numero naturalibusque rationibus inventas atque explicatas posteris reliquerunt", + "en": "Such men, however, are rarely met. We can point to Aristarchus1 of Samos; Philolaus2 and Archytas2 of Tarentum; Apollonius3 of Perga; Eratosthenes4 of Cyrene; Archimedes5 and Scopinas6 from Syracuse. They have left to after times many treatises on machinery and clocks, in which mathematics and natural laws are used to discover and explain." + }, + { + "id": 20262, + "la": "Cum ergo talia ingenia ab naturali sollertia non passim cunctis gentibus sed paucis viris habere concedatur, officium vero architecti omnibus eruditionibus debeat esse exercitatum, et ratio propter amplitudinem rei permittat non iuxta necessitatem summas sed etiam mediocris scientias habere disciplinarum, peto, Caesar, et a te et ab is, qui ea volumina sunt lecturi, ut, si quid parum ad regulam artis grammaticae fuerit explicatum, ignoscatur", + "en": "Yet it is not granted to nations as a whole, but only to few individuals, to have such genius owing to their natural endowment. At the same time the architect in his work ought to be practised in all accomplishments. Yet reason, in view of the scope of the matter, does not permit us, as need demands, to have a complete, but only a moderate, knowledge of the various subjects involved. Hence I beg your Highness and the other readers of these volumes to pardon any explanation that too little agrees with the rules of the literary art." + }, + { + "id": 20263, + "la": "Namque non uti summus philosophus nec rhetor disertus nec grammaticus summis rationibus artis exercitatus, sed ut architectus his litteris inbutus haec nisus sum scribere", + "en": "For it is not as a lofty thinker, nor as an eloquent speaker, nor as a scholar practised in the best methods of literary criticism, but as an architect who has a mere tinge of these things, that I have striven to write the present treatise." + }, + { + "id": 20264, + "la": "De artis vero potestate quaeque insunt in ea ratiocinationes polliceor, uti spero, his voluminibus non modo aedificantibus sed etiam omnibus sapientibus cum maxima auctoritate me sine dubio praestaturum", + "en": "But in respect to the meaning of my craft and the principles which it involves, I hope and undertake to expound them with assured authority, not only to persons engaged in building but also to the learned world." + }, + { + "id": 20265, + "la": "Architectura autem constat ex ordinatione, quae graece taxis dicitur, et ex dispositione, hanc autem Graeci diathesin vocitant, et eurythmia et symmetria et decore et distributione quae graece oeconomia dicitur", + "en": "Now architecture consists of Order, which in Greek is called taxis,1 and of Arrangement, which the Greeks name diathesis, and of Proportion and Symmetry and Decor and Distribution which in Greek is called oeconomia." + }, + { + "id": 20266, + "la": "Ordinatio est modica membrorum operis commoditas separatim universeque proportionis ad symmetriam comparatio", + "en": "Order is the balanced adjustment of the details of the work separately, and, as to the whole, the arrangement of the proportion with a view to a symmetrical result." + }, + { + "id": 20267, + "la": "Haec conponitur ex quantitate, quae graece posotes dicitur", + "en": "This is made up of Dimension, which in Greek is called posotes." + }, + { + "id": 20268, + "la": "Quantitas autem est modulorum ex ipsius operis sumptio e singulisque membrorum partibus universi operis conveniens effectus", + "en": "Now Dimension is the taking of modules3 from the parts of the work; and the suitable effect of the whole work arising from the several subdivisions of the parts." + }, + { + "id": 20269, + "la": "Dispositio autem est rerum apta conlocatio elegansque conpositionibus effectus operis cum qualitate", + "en": "Arrangement, however, is the fit assemblage of details, and, arising from this assemblage, the elegant effect of the work and its dimensions, along with a certain quality or character." + }, + { + "id": 20270, + "la": "Species dispositionis, quae graece dicuntur ideae, sunt hae: ichnographia, orthographia, scaenographia", + "en": "The kinds of the arrangement (which in Greek are called ideae) are these: ichnography; orthography; scenography." + }, + { + "id": 20271, + "la": "Ichnographia est circini regulaeque modice continens usus, e qua capiuntur formarum in solis arearum descriptiones", + "en": "Ichnography demands the competent use of compass and rule; by these plans are laid out upon the sites provided." + }, + { + "id": 20272, + "la": "Orthographia autem est erecta frontis imago modiceque picta rationibus operis futuri figura", + "en": "Orthography, however, is the vertical image of the front, and a figure slightly tinted to show the lines of the future work." + }, + { + "id": 20273, + "la": "Item scaenographia est frontis et laterum abscedentium adumbratio ad circinique centrum omnium linearum responsus", + "en": "Scenography also is the shading of the front and the retreating sides, and the correspondence of all lines to the vanishing point, which is the centre of a circle." + }, + { + "id": 20274, + "la": "Hae nascuntur ex cogitatione et inventione", + "en": "These three arise from imagination and invention." + }, + { + "id": 20275, + "la": "Cogitatio est cura studii plena et industriae vigilantiaeque effectus propositi cum voluptate", + "en": "Imagination rests upon the attention directed with minute and observant fervour to the charming effect proposed." + }, + { + "id": 20276, + "la": "Inventio autem est quaestionum obscurarum explicatio ratioque novae rei vigore mobili reperta", + "en": "Invention, however, is the solution of obscure problems; the treatment of a new undertaking disclosed by an active intelligence." + }, + { + "id": 20277, + "la": "Hae sunt terminationes dispositionum", + "en": "Such are the outlines of Arrangement." + }, + { + "id": 20278, + "la": "Eurythmia est venusta species commodusque in conpositionibus membrorum aspectus", + "en": "Proportion implies a graceful semblance; the suitable display of details in their context." + }, + { + "id": 20279, + "la": "Haec efficitur, cum membra operis convenientia sunt altitudinis ad latitudinem, latitudinis ad longitudinem, et ad summam omnia respondent suae symmetriae", + "en": "This is attained when the details of the work are of a height suitable to their breadth, of a breadth suitable to their length; in a word, when everything has a symmetrical correspondence." + }, + { + "id": 20280, + "la": "Item symmetria est ex ipsius operis membris conveniens consensus ex partibusque separatis ad universae figurae speciem ratae partis responsus", + "en": "Symmetry also is the appropriate harmony arising out of the details of the work itself; the correspondence of each given detail among the separate details to the form of the design as a whole." + }, + { + "id": 20281, + "la": "Uti in hominis corpore e cubito, pede, palmo, digito ceterisque particulis symmetros est eurythmiae qualitas, sic est in operum perfectionibus", + "en": "As in the human body, from cubit, foot, palm, inch and other small parts comes the symmetric quality of eurhythmy1; so is it in the completed building." + }, + { + "id": 20282, + "la": "Et primum in aedibus sacris aut e columnarum crassitudinibus aut triglypho aut etiam embatere, ballista e foramine, quod Graeci peritreton vocitant, navibus interscalmio, quae dipechyaia dicitur, item ceterorum operum e membris invenitur symmetriarum ratiocinatio", + "en": "First, in sacred buildings, either from the thickness of columns, or a triglyph, or the module; of a balista by the perforation which the Greeks call peritreton; by the space between the rowlocks in a ship which is called dipechyaia: so also the calculation of symmetries, in the case of other works, is found from the details." + }, + { + "id": 20283, + "la": "Decor autem est emendatus operis aspectus probatis rebus conpositi cum auctoritate", + "en": "Decor2 demands the faultless ensemble of a work composed, in accordance with precedent, of approved details." + }, + { + "id": 20284, + "la": "Is perficitur statione, quod graece thematismo dicitur, seu consuetudine aut natura", + "en": "It obeys convention, which in Greek is called thematismos, or custom or nature." + }, + { + "id": 20285, + "la": "Statione, cum Iovi Fulguri et Caelo et Soli et Lunae aedificia sub divo hypaethraque constituentur; horum enim deorum et species et effectus in aperto mundo atque lucenti praesentes vidimus", + "en": "Convention is obeyed when buildings are put up in the open and hypethral to Jupiter of the Lightning, to Heaven, the Sun, the Moon; for of these gods, both the appearance and effect we see present in the open, the world of light." + }, + { + "id": 20286, + "la": "Minervae et Marti et Herculi aedes doricae fient; his enim diis propter virtutem sine deliciis aedificia constitui decet", + "en": "To Minerva, Mars and Hercules, Doric temples will be built; for to these gods, because of their might, buildings ought to be erected without embellishments." + }, + { + "id": 20287, + "la": "Veneri, Florae, Proserpinae, Fonti Lumphis corinthio genere constitutae aptas videbuntur habere proprietates, quod his diis propter teneritatem graciliora et florida foliisque et volutis ornata opera facta augere videbuntur iustum decorem", + "en": "Temples designed in the Corinthian style will seem to have details suited to Venus, Flora, Proserpine, Fountains, Nymphs; for to these goddesses, on account of their gentleness, works constructed with slighter proportions and adorned with flowers, foliage, spirals and volutes will seem to gain in a just decor." + }, + { + "id": 20288, + "la": "Iunoni, Dianae, Libero Patri ceterisque diis qui eadem sunt similitudine, si aedes ionicae construentur, habita erit ratio mediocritatis, quod et ab severo more doricorum et ab teneritate corinthiorum temperabitur eorum institutio proprietatis", + "en": "To Juno, Diana and Father Bacchus, and the other gods who are of the same likeness, if Ionic temples are erected, account will be taken of their middle quality; because the determinate character of their temples will avoid the severe manner of the Doric and the softer manner of the Corinthian." + }, + { + "id": 20289, + "la": "Ad consuetudinem autem decor sic exprimitur, cum aedificiis interioribus magnificis item vestibula convenientia et elegantia erunt facta", + "en": "With reference to fashion, decor is thus expressed; when to magnificent interiors vestibules also are made harmonious and elegant." + }, + { + "id": 20290, + "la": "Si enim interiora prospectus habuerint elegantes, aditus autem humiles et inhonestos, non erunt cum decore", + "en": "For if the interior apartments present an elegant appearance, while the approaches are low and uncomely, they will not be accompanied by fitness." + }, + { + "id": 20291, + "la": "Item si doricis epistyliis in coronis denticuli sculpentur aut in pulvinatis columnis et ionicis epistyliis capitulis exprimentur triglyphi, translatis ex alia ratione proprietatibus in aliud genus operis offendetur aspectus aliis ante ordinis consuetudinibus institutis", + "en": "Again, if, in Doric entablatures, dentils are carved on the cornices, or if with voluted capitals and Ionic entablatures, triglyphs are applied, characteristics are transferred from one style to another: the work as a whole will jar upon us, since it includes details foreign to the order." + }, + { + "id": 20292, + "la": "Naturalis autem decor sic erit, si primum omnibus templis saluberrimae regiones aquarumque fontes in his locis idonei eligentur, in quibus fana constituantur, deinde maxime Aesculapio, Saluti, et eorum deorum quorum plurimi medicinis aegri curari videntur", + "en": "There will be a natural decor: first, if for all temples there shall be chosen the most healthy sites with suitable springs in those places in which shrines are to be set up; secondly and especially for Aesculapius1 and Salus; and generally for those gods by whose medical power sick persons are manifestly healed." + }, + { + "id": 20293, + "la": "Cum enim ex pestilenti in salubrem locum corpora aegra translata fuerint et e fontibus salubribus aquarum usus subministrabuntur, celerius convalescent", + "en": "For when sick persons are moved from a pestilent to a healthy place and the water supply is from wholesome fountains, they will more quickly recover." + }, + { + "id": 20294, + "la": "Ita efficietur, uti ex natura loci maiores auctasque cum dignitate divinitas excipiat opiniones", + "en": "So will it happen that the divinity (from the nature of the site) will gain a greater and higher reputation and authority." + }, + { + "id": 20295, + "la": "Item naturae decor erit, si cubiculis et bybliothecis ab oriente lumina capiuntur, balneis et hibernaculis ab occidente hiberno, pinacothecis et quibus certis luminibus opus est partibus, a septentrione, quod ea caeli regio neque exclaratur neque obscuratur solis cursu sed est certa inmutabilis die perpetuo", + "en": "Also there will be natural seemliness if light2 is taken from the east for bedrooms and libraries; for baths and winter apartments, from the wintry sunset; for picture galleries and the apartments which need a steady light, from the north, because that quarter of the heavens is neither illumined nor darkened by the suns course but is fixed unchangeable throughout the day." + }, + { + "id": 20296, + "la": "Distributio autem est copiarum locique commoda dispensatio parcaque in operibus sumptus ratione temperatio", + "en": "Distribution, however, is the suitable disposal of supplies and the site, and the thrifty and wise control of expense in the works." + }, + { + "id": 20297, + "la": "Haec ita observabitur, si primum architectus ea non quaeret, quae non potuerunt inveniri aut parari nisi magno", + "en": "This will be guarded if, in the first place, the architect does not require what can only be supplied and prepared at great cost." + }, + { + "id": 20298, + "la": "Namque non omnibus locis harenae fossiciae nec caementorum nec abietis nec sappinorum nec marmoris copia est, sed aliud alio loco nascitur, quorum conportationes difficiles sunt et sumptuosae", + "en": "For it is not everywhere that there is a supply of quarry sand or hewn stone, or fir or deal or marble. Different things are found in different places, the transport of them may be difficult and costly." + }, + { + "id": 20299, + "la": "Utendum autem est, ubi non est harena fossicia, fluviatica aut marina lota; inopiae quoque abietis aut sappinorum vitabuntur utendo cupresso, populo, ulmo, pinu; reliquaque his similiter erunt explicanda", + "en": "Now where there is no quarry sand we must use washed river or sea sand; the need for fir or deal will be met by using cypress, poplar, elm, pine; other difficulties will be solved in a like fashion." + }, + { + "id": 20300, + "la": "Alter gradus erit distributionis, cum ad usum patrum familiarum et ad pecuniae copiam aut ad eloquentiae dignitatem aedificia alte disponentur", + "en": "The second stage in Economy comes, when buildings are variously disposed for the use of owners or with a view to the display of wealth or lofty enough to suit the most dignified eloquence." + }, + { + "id": 20301, + "la": "Namque aliter urbanas domos oportere constitui videtur, aliter quibus ex possessionibus rusticis influunt fructus; non idem feneratoribus, aliter beatis et delicatis;", + "en": "For manifestly houses should be arranged in one way in towns; in another way for persons whose income arises from country estates; not the same for financiers;1 in another way for the wealthy men of taste;" + }, + { + "id": 20302, + "la": "potentibus vero, quorum cogitationibus respublica gubernatur, ad usum conlocabuntur; et omnino faciendae sunt aptae omnibus personis aedificiorum distributiones", + "en": "for the powerful, however, by whose ideas the state is governed, there must be special adjustment to their habits.2 And generally the distribution of buildings is to be adapted to the vocations of their owners." + }, + { + "id": 20303, + "la": "Partes ipsius architecturae sunt tres: aedificatio, gnomonice, machinatio Aedificatio autem divisa est bipertito, e quibus una est moenium et communium operum in publicis locis conlocatio, altera est privatorum aedificiorum explicatio", + "en": "The parts of architecture itself are three: Building, Dialling, and Mechanics. Building in turn is divided into two parts; of which one is the placing of city walls, and of public buildings on public sites; the other is the setting out of private buildings." + }, + { + "id": 20304, + "la": "Publicorum autem distributiones sunt tres, e quibus est una defensionis, altera religionis, tertia opportunitatis", + "en": "Now the assignment of public buildings is threefold: one, to defence; the second, to religion; the third, to convenience." + }, + { + "id": 20305, + "la": "Defensionis est murorum turriumque et portarum ratio ad hostium impetus perpetuo repellendos excogitata, religionis deorum inmortalium fanorum aediumque sacrarum conlocatio, opportunitatis communium locorum ad usum publicum dispositio, uti portus, fora, porticus, balinea, theatra, inambulationes ceteraque, quae isdem rationibus in publicis locis designantur", + "en": "The method of defence by walls, towers and gates has been devised with a view to the continuous warding off of hostile attacks3; to religion belongs the placing of the shrines and sacred temples of the immortal gods1; to convenience, the disposal of public sites for the general use,2 such as harbours, open spaces, colonnades, baths, theatres, promenades, and other things which are planned, with like purposes, in public situations." + }, + { + "id": 20306, + "la": "Haec autem ita fieri debent, ut habeatur ratio firmitatis, utilitatis, venustatis", + "en": "Now these should be so carried out that account is taken of strength, utility, grace." + }, + { + "id": 20307, + "la": "Firmitatis erit habita ratio, cum fuerit fundamentorum ad solidum depressio, quaque e materia, copiarum sine avaritia diligens electio; utilitatis autem, emendata et sine inpeditione usus locorum dispositio et ad regiones sui cuiusque generis apta et conmoda distributio; venustatis vero, cum fuerit operis species grata et elegans membrorumque commensus iustas habeat symmetriarum ratiocinationes", + "en": "Account will be taken of strength when the foundations are carried down to the solid ground, and when from each material there is a choice of supplies without parsimony; of utility, when the sites are arranged without mistake and impediment to their use, and a fit and convenient disposition for the aspect of each kind; of grace, when the appearance of the work shall be pleasing and elegant, and the scale of the constituent parts is justly calculated for symmetry." + }, + { + "id": 20308, + "la": "In ipsis vero moenibus ea erunt principia", + "en": "In the case of the walls these will be the main points:'" + }, + { + "id": 20309, + "la": "Primum electio loci saluberrimi", + "en": "First, the choice of the most healthy site." + }, + { + "id": 20310, + "la": "Is autem erit excelsus et non nebulosus, non pruinosus regionesque caeli spectans neque aestuosas neque frigidas sed temperatas, deinde sic vitabitur palustris vicinitas", + "en": "Now this will be high and free from clouds and hoar frost, with an aspect neither hot nor cold but temperate. Besides, in this way a marshy neighbourhood shall be avoided." + }, + { + "id": 20311, + "la": "Cum enim aurae matutinae cum sole oriente ad oppidum pervenient et his ortae nebulae adiungentur spiritusque bestiarum palustrium venenatos cum nebula mixtos in habitatorum corpora flatu spargent, efficient locum pestilentem", + "en": "For when the morning breezes come with the rising sun to a town, and clouds rising from these shall be conjoined, and, with their blast, shall sprinkle on the bodies of the inhabitants the poisoned breaths of marsh animals, they will make the site pestilential." + }, + { + "id": 20312, + "la": "Item si secundum mare erunt moenia spectabuntque ad meridiem aut occidentem, non erunt salubria, quod per aestatem caelum meridianum sole exoriente calescit meridie ardet; item quod spectat ad occidentem, sole exorto tepescit, meridie calet, vespere fervet", + "en": "Also if the walls are along the coast and shall look to the south or west they will not be wholesome, because through the summer the southern sky is warmed by the rising sun and burns at midday. Also that which looks to the western sun is warm at sunrise, hot at noon, burns in the evening." + }, + { + "id": 20313, + "la": "Igitur mutationibus caloris et refrigerationis corpora, quae in his locis sunt, vitiantur", + "en": "Therefore by the changes of heat and cold, bodies which are in these places will be infected." + }, + { + "id": 20314, + "la": "Hoc autem licet animadvertere etiam ex is, quae non sunt animalia", + "en": "We may even perceive this from those bodies which are not animal." + }, + { + "id": 20315, + "la": "In cellis enim vinariis tectis lumina nemo capit a meridie nec ab occidente, sed a septentrione, quod ea regio nullo tempore mutationes recipit sed est firma perpetuo et inmutabilis", + "en": "For in wine stores no one takes light from the south or west but from the north, because that quarter at no time admits changes, but is continuously fixed and unchangeable." + }, + { + "id": 20316, + "la": "Ideo etiam et granaria quae ad solis cursum spectant, bonitatem cito mutant, obsoniaque et poma, quae non in ea parte caeli ponuntur, quae est aversa a solis cursu, non diu servantur", + "en": "So also those granaries which look towards the suns course quickly change their goodness; and fish and fruit which are not placed in that quarter which is turned away from the suns course do not keep long." + }, + { + "id": 20317, + "la": "Nam semper calor cum excoquit aeribus firmitatem et vaporibus fervidis eripit exsugendo naturales virtutes, dissolvit eas et fervore mollescentes efficit inbecillas", + "en": "For always, when heat cooks the strength out of the atmosphere and with warm vapours removes by suction the natural virtues, it dissolves and renders them weak, as they become softened by warmth." + }, + { + "id": 20318, + "la": "Ut etiam in ferro animadvertimus, quod, quamvis natura sit durum, in fornacibus ab ignis vapore percalefactum ita mollescit, uti in omne genus formae faciliter fabricetur; et idem, cum molle et candens refrigeretur tinctum frigida, redurescat et restituatur in antiquam proprietatem", + "en": "Moreover, we see the same thing in iron, which is hard by nature, and yet when it is heated through in furnaces, by the vapour of fire becomes so soft that it is easily fashioned into every kind of shape; and when, being soft and red-hot, it is chilled and steeped in cold water, it hardens again and is restored to its previous character." + }, + { + "id": 20319, + "la": "Licet etiam considerare haec ita esse ex eo, quod aestate non solum in pestilentibus locis sed etiam in salubribus omnia corpora calore fiant inbecilla, et per hiemem etiam quae pestilentissimae sint regiones efficiantur salubres, ideo quod a refrigerationibus solidantur", + "en": "We may also consider that this is so from the fact that in summer, not only in pestilential, but in salubrious districts, all bodies become weak by the heat; and also, through the winter, even the regions which are most pestilential, are rendered salubrious because they are rendered solid by freezing." + }, + { + "id": 20320, + "la": "Non minus etiam quae ab frigidis regionibus corpora traducuntur in calidas, non possunt durare sed dissolvuntur; quae autem ex calidis locis sub septentrionum regiones frigidas, non modo non laborant inmutatione loci valitudinibus sed etiam confirmantur", + "en": "Not less also the bodies which are transferred from cold to warm regions cannot endure but are dissolved; while those which are transferred from warm places under the northern regions not only do not suffer in health by the change of place but even are strengthened." + }, + { + "id": 20321, + "la": "Quare cavendum esse videtur in moenibus conlocandis ab his regionibus quae caloribus flatus ad corpora hominum possunt spargere", + "en": "Wherefore in laying out walls we must beware of those regions which by their heat can diffuse vapours1 over human bodies." + }, + { + "id": 20322, + "la": "Namque e principiis quae Graeci stoicheia appellant, ut omnia corpora sunt conposita, id est e calore et umore, terreno et aere, et ita mixtionibus naturali temperatura figurantur omnium animalium in mundo generatim qualitates", + "en": "For according as from the elements (which the Greeks call stoecheia)2 all bodies are composed, that is from heat and moisture and earth3 and air, just so by these mixtures, owing to natural temperament, the qualities of all animals are figured in the world according to their kind." + }, + { + "id": 20323, + "la": "Ergo in quibus corporibus cum exsuperat e principiis calor, tunc interficit dissolvitque cetera fervore", + "en": "Therefore in whatsoever bodies, one of their principles, heat, is predominant, it then kills them and by its fervency dissolves the rest." + }, + { + "id": 20324, + "la": "Haec autem vitia efficit fervidum ab certis partibus caelum, cum insidit in apertas venas plus quam patitur e mixtionibus naturali temperatura corpus", + "en": "Now a hot sky from certain quarters produces these defects; since it settles into the open veins more than the body permits by its natural temperament or admixture." + }, + { + "id": 20325, + "la": "Item si umor occupavit corporum venas inparesque eas fecit, cetera principia ut a liquido corrupta diluuntur, et dissolvuntur conpositionibus virtutes", + "en": "Again, if moisture had filled the veins of bodies and altered their dimensions, the other elements, as though decomposed by liquid, are diluted and the virtues dependent on their proportion are dissolved." + }, + { + "id": 20326, + "la": "Item haec e refrigerationibus umoris ventorum et aurarum infunduntur vitia corporibus", + "en": "So also from the chilling of moisture of winds and breezes, vices are infused into bodies." + }, + { + "id": 20327, + "la": "Non minus aeris etiamque terreni in corpore naturalis conpositio augendo aut minuendo infirmat cetera principia terrena cibi plenitate, aer gravitate caeli", + "en": "Not less the natural proportion of air and also of the earthy element by increase or diminution weakens the other elements; the earthy by repletion of food, the aerial, by the heavy climate." + }, + { + "id": 20328, + "la": "Sed si qui voluerit diligentius haec sensu percipere, animadvertat attendatque naturas avium et piscium et terrestrium animalium, et ita considerabit discrimina temperaturae", + "en": "But if anyone wishes carefully to apprehend these things by perception, let him regard and attend to the natures of birds and fishes and land animals, and he will so consider differences of temperament or admixture." + }, + { + "id": 20329, + "la": "Aliam enim mixtionem habet genus avium, aliam piscium, longe aliter terrestrium natura", + "en": "For the race of birds has one temperament, fishes another, far otherwise the nature of land animals." + }, + { + "id": 20330, + "la": "Volucres minus habent terreni, minus umoris, caloris temperate, aeris multum: igitur levioribus principiis conpositae facilius in aeris impetum nituntur", + "en": "Birds have less of the earthy, less of moisture, moderate heat, much air. Therefore being compounded of the lighter principles, they rise more easily against the onrush of the air." + }, + { + "id": 20331, + "la": "Aquatiles autem piscium naturae, quod temperatae sunt a calido plurimumque et aeris et terreni sunt conpositae, sed umoris habent oppido quam paulum, quo minus habent e principiis umoris in corpore, facilius in umore perdurant; itaque cum ad terram perducuntur, animam cum aqua relinquunt", + "en": "But fishes with their watery nature (because they are tempered by heat and are compounded of much air and earth, but have remarkably little moisture), the less they have of the principles of moisture in their frame, the more easily they persist in moisture; and so when they are brought to land they lose their life along with the water." + }, + { + "id": 20332, + "la": "Item terrestria, quod e principiis ab aere caloreque sunt temperata minusque habent terreni plurimumque umoris, quod abundant umidae partes, non diu possunt in aqua vitam tueri", + "en": "Terrestrial animals, also, because they have a moderate degree of the elements of air and heat, and have less of the earthy and more moisture, inasmuch as they abound in moisture, cannot keep alive long in water." + }, + { + "id": 20333, + "la": "Ergo si haec ita videntur, quemadmodum proposuimus, et e principiis animalium corpora composita sensu percipimus et exsuperationibus aut defectionibus ea laborare dissolvique iudicamus, non dubitamus, quin diligentius quaeri oporteat, uti temperatissimas caeli regiones eligamus, cum quaerenda fuerit in moenium conlocationibus salubritas", + "en": "Therefore if these matters are accepted as we have set forth, and if we apprehend by perception that the bodies of animals are compounded of elements, and if we judge that they suffer and are dissolved by excess or defect of them, we do not doubt that we must diligently seek to choose the most temperate regions of climate, since we have to seek healthiness in laying out the walls of cities." + }, + { + "id": 20334, + "la": "Itaque etiam atque etiam veterem revocandam censeo rationem", + "en": "Therefore emphatically I vote for the revival of the old method." + }, + { + "id": 20335, + "la": "Maiores enim pecoribus immolatis, quae pascebantur in is locis, quibus aut oppida aut castra stativa constituebantur, inspiciebant iocinera, et si erant livida et vitiosa primo alia immolabant dubitantes utrum morbo an pabuli vitio laesa essent", + "en": "For the ancients sacrificed the beasts which were feeding in those places where towns or fixed camps2 were being placed, and they used to inspect the livers, which if at the first trial they were livid and faulty, they went on to sacrifice others, doubting whether they were injured by disease or faulty diet." + }, + { + "id": 20336, + "la": "Cum pluribus experti erant et probaverant integram et solidam naturam iocinerum ex aqua et pabulo, ibi constituebant munitiones;", + "en": "When they had made trial of many, and had tested the entire and solid nature of the livers in accordance with the water and pasture they established there the fortifications;" + }, + { + "id": 20337, + "la": "si autem vitiosa inveniebant, iudicio transferebant idem in humanis corporibus pestilentem futuram nascentem in his locis aquae cibique copiam, et ita transmigrabant et mutabant regiones quaerentes omnibus rebus salubritatem", + "en": "if, however, they found them faulty, by analogy1 they judged: that the supply of food and water which was to be found in these places would be pestilential in the case of human bodies. And so they removed elsewhere and changed their quarters, seeking salubrity in every respect." + }, + { + "id": 20338, + "la": "Hoc autem fieri, uti pabulo ciboque salubres proprietates terrae videantur, licet animadvertere et cognoscere agris Cretensium, qui sunt circa Pothereum flumen, quod est Cretae inter duas civitates Gnoson et Gortynam", + "en": "But that it comes about that the salubrious properties of the soil are indicated by fodder and diet, we may take note and learn from the districts of Crete which are about the river Pothereus, which flows between the two towns Cnossus2 and Gortyna." + }, + { + "id": 20339, + "la": "Dextra enim et sinistra eius fluminis pascuntur pecora; sed ex his quae pascuntur proxime Gnoson, si quae autem ex altera parte proxime Gortynam non, habent apparentem splenem", + "en": "For cattle feed on the right and left bank of that river. But of these, the cattle which feed next Cnossus have, and those on the other side have not, an enlarged spleen." + }, + { + "id": 20340, + "la": "Unde etiam medici quaerentes de ea re invenerunt in his locis herbam, quam pecora rudendo inminuerunt lienes", + "en": "Whence also physicians inquiring about this matter have found in these places a plant which the cattle bellow for and, by it, lessen their spleens." + }, + { + "id": 20341, + "la": "Ita eam herbam colligendo curant lienosos hoc medicamento, quod etiam Cretenses asplenon vocitant", + "en": "So they gather this plant and use this medicine to cure the splenetic, which also the Cretans call asplenon." + }, + { + "id": 20342, + "la": "Ex eo licet scire cibo atque aqua proprietates locorum naturaliter pestilentes aut salubres esse", + "en": "Hence we may know by food and water whether the properties of places are pestilential or salubrious." + }, + { + "id": 20343, + "la": "Item si in paludibus moenia constituta erunt, quae paludes secundum mare fuerint, spectabuntque ad septentrionem aut inter septentrionem et orientem, eaeque paludes excelsiores fuerint quam litus marinum, ratione videbuntur esse constituta", + "en": "So also if in marshes walls are laid out, and these marshes are along the sea, and they look towards the north or between the north and east, and these marshes are higher than the sea-coast, they will seem to be reasonably laid out." + }, + { + "id": 20344, + "la": "Fossis enim ductis aquae exitus ad litus, et mare tempestatibus aucto in paludis redundantia motionibus concitata marisque mixtionibus non patitur bestiarum palustrium genera ibi nasci, quaeque de superioribus locis natando proxime litus perveniunt, inconsueta salsitudine necantur", + "en": "For if dykes are cut, there is made an outlet of water to the beach; and when the sea is swollen by storms, there is an overflow into the marshes, which being stirred and moved about and mixed with sea salt, does not permit the various kinds of marsh creatures to be born there; moreover, those which, by swimming from higher parts, arrive near the coast, are killed by the unfamiliar saltness." + }, + { + "id": 20345, + "la": "Exemplar autem huius rei Gallicae paludes possunt esse, quae circum Altinum, Ravennam, Aquileiam, aliaque quae in eiusmodi locis municipia sunt proxima paludibus, quod his rationibus habent incredibilem salubritatem", + "en": "An instance of this may be found in the Gallic marshes which are round Altinum,1 Ravenna,2 Aquileia3 and other townships in like places which are nearest the marshes. For owing to these causes, they have an incredible salubrity." + }, + { + "id": 20346, + "la": "Quibus autem insidentes sunt paludes et non habent exitus profluentes neque flumina neque per fossas, uti Pomptinae, stando putescunt et umores graves et pestilentes in is locis emittunt", + "en": "Those places, however, which have stagnant marshes, and lack flowing outlets, whether rivers or by dykes, like the Pomptine marshes, by standing become foul and send forth heavy and pestilent moisture." + }, + { + "id": 20347, + "la": "Item in Apulia oppidum Salpia vetus, quod Diomedes ab Troia rediens constituit sive, quemadmodum nonnulli scripserunt, Elpias Rhodius, in eiusmodi locis fuerat conlocatum, ex quo incolae quotannis aegrotando laborantes aliquando pervenerunt ad M Hostilium ab eoque publice petentes impetraverunt, ut his idoneum locum ad moenia transferenda conquireret elegeretque", + "en": "Also in Apulia, the town of Old Salpia (which Diomede returning from Troy established, or, as some have written, Elpias of Rhodes), was situated in such places. Thus the inhabitants suffered every year from various ailments. At length they came4 to M. Hostilius, and, making a public request, obtained from him that he should seek out and choose a fit site for transferring their walls." + }, + { + "id": 20348, + "la": "Tunc is moratus non est, sed statim rationibus doctissime quaesitis secundum mare mercatus est possessionem loco salubri ab senatuque populoque petit, ut liceret transferre oppidum, constituitque moenia et areas divisit nummoque sestertio singulis municipibus mancipio dedit", + "en": "Then he delayed not, but forthwith, after fully ascertaining all the conditions, bought a site in a healthy place, and obtained permission from the senate and Roman people to remove the town. He established the walls and divided the sites and gave formal possession to the individual townsmen for a sesterce each." + }, + { + "id": 20349, + "la": "His confectis lacum aperuit in mare et portum e lacu municipio perfecit", + "en": "When this was done he opened the lake into the sea, and made a harbour out of the lake for the municipality." + }, + { + "id": 20350, + "la": "Itaque nunc Salpini quattuor milia passus progressi ab oppido veteri habitant in salubri loco", + "en": "And so the people of Salpia now dwell on a healthy site at a distance of four miles from the old town." + }, + { + "id": 20351, + "la": "Cum ergo his rationibus erit salubritatis moenium conlocandorum explicatio regionesque electae fuerint fructibus ad alendam civitatem copiosae,", + "en": "When, therefore, by these methods there shall be ensured healthiness in the laying out of the walls; and districts shall be chosen abounding in fruit to feed the citizens;" + }, + { + "id": 20352, + "la": "et viarum munitiones aut opportunitates fluminum seu per portus marinae subvectionis habuerit ad moenia conportationes expeditas,", + "en": "and roads duly laid out, or convenient rivers, or supplies by sea through the harbours, shall have ready transport to the ramparts:" + }, + { + "id": 20353, + "la": "tunc turrium murorumque fundamenta sic sunt facienda, uti fodiantur, si queant inveniri, ad solidum et in solido, quantum ex amplitudine operis pro ratione videantur, crassitudine ampliore quam parietum qui supra terram sunt futuri, et ea impleantur quam solidissima structura", + "en": "then the foundations of the towers and walls are to be laid. If such foundations can be found, they are to be dug down to the solid and in the solid, as may seem proportionate to the amplitude of the work, of a breadth greater than that of the walls which shall be above the ground; and these foundations are to be filled with as solid structure as possible." + }, + { + "id": 20354, + "la": "Item turres sunt proiciendae in exteriorem partem, uti, cum ad murum hostis impetu velit adpropinquare, a turribus dextra ac sinistra lateribus apertis telis vulnerentur", + "en": "Towers, moreover, are to be projected on the outer side, in order that when the enemy wishes to approach the wall in an attack, he may be wounded on his exposed flanks by weapons on the right and left from the towers." + }, + { + "id": 20355, + "la": "Curandumque maxime videtur, ut non facilis aditus sit ad oppugnandum murum, sed ita circumdandum ad loca praecipitia et excogitandum, uti portarum itinera non sint directa sed scaeva", + "en": "And it seems that care must especially be taken that the approach be not easy for an enemy blockading the wall. The approach must be made to wind along the steep places, and so devised that the ways to the gates are not straight, but on the left of the wall." + }, + { + "id": 20356, + "la": "Namque cum ita factum fuerit, tum dextrum latus accedentibus, quo scuto non erit tectum proximum erit muro", + "en": "For when it is so done, then as the troops approach, their right side will be next the wall and will not be protected by the shield." + }, + { + "id": 20357, + "la": "Conlocanda autem oppida sunt non quadrata nec procurrentibus angulis sed circuitionibus, uti hostis ex pluribus locis conspiciatur", + "en": "Moreover, towns are not to be planned square1 nor with projecting angles, but on the round, so that the enemy be seen from several sides." + }, + { + "id": 20358, + "la": "In quibus enim anguli procurrunt, difficiliter defenditur, quod angulus magis hostem tuetur quam civem", + "en": "For when angles run out, defence is difficult, because the angle defends the enemy rather than the townsmen." + }, + { + "id": 20359, + "la": "Crassitudinem autem muri ita faciendam censeo, uti armati homines supra obviam venientes alius alium sine inpeditione praeterire possint, dum in crassitudine perpetuae tabulae oleagineae ustilatae quam creberrime instruantur, uti utraeque muri frontes inter se, quemadmodum fibulis, his taleis conligatae aeternam habeant firmitatem;", + "en": "But I think the width of the wall should be so made that armed men meeting one another above can pass without hindrance. Then, in the width, through-timbers of charred olive wood should be put very frequently, in order that both fronts of the wall, being tied together by these timbers, as though by pins, may have everlasting strength." + }, + { + "id": 20360, + "la": "namque ei materiae nec caries nec tempestates nec vetustas potest nocere, sed ea et in terra obruta et in aqua conlocata permanent sine vitiis utilis sempiterno", + "en": "For such timber cannot be injured by decay or weather or age; even when it is covered with soil or placed in water, it remains unimpaired and useful for ever." + }, + { + "id": 20361, + "la": "Itaque non solum in muro sed etiam in substructionibus quique parietes murali crassitudine erunt faciundi, hac ratione religati non cito vitiabuntur", + "en": "And so not only the city wall, but the substructures, and those dividing walls which are made to be of the thickness of fortifications, when united in this manner, will not quickly be decayed." + }, + { + "id": 20362, + "la": "Intervalla autem turrium ita sunt facienda, ut ne longius sit alia ab alia sagittae missionis, uti, si qua oppugnetur, tum a turribus, quae erunt dextra sinistra, scorpionibus reliquisque telorum missionibus hostes reiciantur", + "en": "The distances between the towers are so to be made that one is not further from another than a bowshot; so that if a tower is besieged anywhere, then, by scorpions and other missile engines from the towers right and left, the enemy may be thrown back." + }, + { + "id": 20363, + "la": "Etiamque contra inferiores turrium dividendus est murus intervallis tam magnis, quam erunt turres, ut itinera sint interioribus partibus turrium contignata, neque ea ferro fixa", + "en": "And also opposite the lower part of the towers, the wall is to be divided by intervals as wide as a tower; and these intervals opposite the interior parts of the towers shall be joined with planks. These, however, are not to be fixed with iron nails." + }, + { + "id": 20364, + "la": "Hostis enim si quam partem muri occupaverit, qui repugnabunt rescindent et, si celeriter administraverint, non patientur reliquas partes turrium murique hostem penetrare, nisi se voluerit praecipitare", + "en": "For if the enemy occupies any part of the wall, the defenders shall cut them down, and if they manage it quickly, they will not suffer the enemy to penetrate the rest of the towers and wall, unless he is willing to throw himself headlong." + }, + { + "id": 20365, + "la": "Turres itaque rutundae aut polygoneae sunt faciendae; quadratas enim machinae celerius dissipant, quod angulos arietes tundendo frangunt, in rotundationibus autem, uti cuneus, ad centrum adigendo laedere non possunt", + "en": "The towers therefore are to be made round or polygonal. For engines more quickly demolish square towers, because the battering-rams beat and break the angles; whereas in the case of rounded surfaces, even when they drive the battering-rams wedge-fashion towards the centre, they cannot hurt them." + }, + { + "id": 20366, + "la": "Item munitiones muri turriumque aggeribus coniunctae maxime sunt tutiores, quod neque arietes neque suffossiones neque machinae ceterae eis valent nocere", + "en": "Further, the fortifications of the wall and towers especially when joined by embankments are safer, because neither battering-rams nor undermining nor other contrivances avail to injure them." + }, + { + "id": 20367, + "la": "Sed non in omnibus locis est aggeris ratio facienda, nisi quibus extra murum ex alto loco plano pede accessus fuerit ad moenia oppugnanda", + "en": "But not in all places is the method of embankment to be employed; only where there is an approach outside the wall from high ground by a level footway for troops besieging the ramparts." + }, + { + "id": 20368, + "la": "Itaque in eiusmodi locis primum fossae sunt faciendae latitudinibus et altitudinibus quam amplissimis, deinde fundamentum muri deprimendum est intra alveum fossae et id extruendum est ea crassitudine, ut opus terrenum facile sustineatur", + "en": "Therefore in places of this kind, ditches are to be made of the amplest possible breadth and depth; then the foundation of the wall is to be carried down within the hollow of the ditch, and is to be constructed of such a thickness that the weight of earth is easily held up." + }, + { + "id": 20369, + "la": "Item interiore parte substructionis fundamentum distans ab exteriore introrsus amplo spatio, ita uti cohortes possint quemadmodum in acie instructae ad defendendum supra latitudinem aggeris consistere", + "en": "Also on the inner side of the substructure another foundation is to be laid, so far distant from the outer foundation that cohorts can stand upon the broad rampart for its defence, as when drawn up in line of battle." + }, + { + "id": 20370, + "la": "Cum autem fundamenta ita distantia inter se fuerint constituta, tunc inter ea alia transversa, coniuncta exteriori et interiori fundamento, pectinatim disposita quemadmodum serrae dentes solent esse conlocentur;", + "en": "Now when the foundations are fixed at such a distance from each other, then between these let there be placed other transverse walls joined to the outer and inner foundation, arranged comb-fashion, as the teeth of a saw are wont to be." + }, + { + "id": 20371, + "la": "cum enim sic erit factum, tunc ita oneris terreni magnitudo distributa in parvas partes; neque universa pondere premens poterit ulla ratione extrudere muri substructiones", + "en": "For when it shall so be done, then the greatness of the load of earth being thus distributed into small parts, will not press with the whole weight, so as to thrust out the substructures of the wall." + }, + { + "id": 20372, + "la": "De ipso autem muro, e qua materia struatur aut perficiatur, ideo non est praefiniendum, quod in omnibus locis, quas optamus copias, eas non possumus habere", + "en": "Respecting the wall itself and the material of which it is built or finished, there must be laid down no rule beforehand; because we cannot have in all places the supplies which we desire." + }, + { + "id": 20373, + "la": "Sed ubi sunt saxa quadrata sive silex seu caementum aut coctus later sive crudus, his erit utendum", + "en": "But where there are squared stones, or concrete or lava or baked brick or unburnt, we must use them." + }, + { + "id": 20374, + "la": "Non enim, uti Babylone abundantes liquido bitumine pro calce et harena ex cocto latere factum habent murum, sic item possunt omnes regiones seu locorum proprietates habere tantas eiusdem generis utilitatis, uti ex his comparationibus ad aeternitatem perfectus habeatur sine vitio murus", + "en": "For whereas at Babylon,1 where they have plenty of liquid pitch instead of lime and sand, they can have their walls built of burnt brick; other regions or useful sites have their special advantages, so that with due preparation a wall can be built perfect for ever and unblemished." + }, + { + "id": 20375, + "la": "Moenibus circumdatis secuntur intra murum arearum divisiones platearumque et angiportuum ad caeli regionem directiones", + "en": "When the walls are set round the city, there follow the divisions of the sites2 within the walls, and the layings out of the broad streets and the alleys with a view to aspect." + }, + { + "id": 20376, + "la": "Dirigentur haec autem recte, si exclusi erunt ex angiportis venti prudenter", + "en": "These will be rightly laid out if the winds are carefully shut out from the alleys." + }, + { + "id": 20377, + "la": "Qui si frigidi sunt, laedunt; si calidi, vitiant; si umidi, nocent", + "en": "For if the winds are cold they are unpleasant; if hot, they infect; if moist, they are injurious." + }, + { + "id": 20378, + "la": "Quare vitandum videtur hoc vitium et avertendum, ne fiat quod in multis civitatibus usu solet venire", + "en": "Wherefore this fault must be avoided and guarded against, lest there happen what in many cities is not infrequent." + }, + { + "id": 20379, + "la": "Quemadmodum in insula Lesbo oppidum Mytilenae magnificenter est aedificatum et eleganter, sed positum non prudenter", + "en": "For example in the island of Lesbos, the town of Mytilene is magnificently and elegantly built, but not situated with prudence." + }, + { + "id": 20380, + "la": "In qua civitate auster cum flat, homines aegrotant; cum corus, tussiunt; cum septentrio, restituuntur in salubritatem, sed in angiportis et plateis non possunt consistere propter vehementiam frigoris", + "en": "For in this city when the South wind blows men fall ill; when the North-west, they cough; when the North, they are restored to health; but they cannot stand in the alleys and streets because of the vehemence of the cold." + }, + { + "id": 20381, + "la": "Ventus autem est aeris fluens unda cum incerta motus redundantia", + "en": "Now the wind is a wave of air flowing with uncertain currents of motion." + }, + { + "id": 20382, + "la": "Nascitur cum fervor offendit umorem et impetus factionis exprimit vim spiritus flatus", + "en": "It rises when heat strikes moisture and the onrush of the force presses out the power of the breath of the blast." + }, + { + "id": 20383, + "la": "Id autem verum esse ex aeolis aereis licet aspicere et de latentibus caeli rationibus artificiosis rerum inventionibus divinitatis exprimere veritatem", + "en": "That this is true we may see from Aeoluses of bronze,1 and by the craftsmans inventions of things which express the truth of the divinity, about the causes which lurk in the heavens." + }, + { + "id": 20384, + "la": "Fiunt enim aeoli pilae aereae cavae,'hae habent punctum angustissimum'quae aqua infunduntur conlocanturque ad ignem; et antequam calescant, non habent ullum spiritum, simul autem ut fervere coeperint, efficiunt ad ignem vehementem flatum", + "en": "Now figures of Aeolus are made of hollow bronze, and they have a very narrow point. These are filled with water and placed on the fire; before they begin to warm, they have no rush of air, but as soon as they begin to boil, they produce on the fire a vehement blast." + }, + { + "id": 20385, + "la": "Ita scire et iudicare licet e parvo brevissimoque spectaculo de magnis et inmanibus caeli ventorumque naturae rationibus", + "en": "Thus we may know and judge, from this small and very brief spectacle, about the great and immense causes of the nature of the sky and of the winds." + }, + { + "id": 20386, + "la": "Exclusi fuerint; non solum efficient corporibus valentibus locum salubrem, sed etiam si qui morbi ex aliis vitiis forte nascentur, qui in ceteris salubribus locis habent curationes medicinae contrariae, in his propter exclusiones ventorum temperatura expeditius curabuntur", + "en": "Suppose they are excluded. Not only will this render a place healthy for sound persons; but also if any diseases shall happen to arise from other infections, those who in other healthy places find cure from counteracting medicine, in these, on account of the moderate climate and by the exclusion of the winds, will be still more quickly cured." + }, + { + "id": 20387, + "la": "Vitia autem sunt, quae difficulter curantur in regionibus, quae sunt supra scriptae, haec: gravitudo arteriace, tussis, pleuritis, pthisis, sanguinis eiectio et cetera, quae non detractionibus sed adiectionibus curantur", + "en": "For the diseases which are cured with difficulty in the regions which are described above are these: cold in the windpipe, cough, pleurisy, phthisis, spitting of blood, and others which are cured by strengthening remedies rather than by purgings." + }, + { + "id": 20388, + "la": "Haec ideo difficulter medicantur, primum quod ex frigoribus concipiuntur, deinde quod defatigatis morbo viribus eorum aer agitatus est, ventorum agitationibus extenuatur, unaque a vitiosis corporibus detrahit sucum et efficit ea exiliora", + "en": "These ailments are treated with difficulty, first because they are caught from chills, secondly because when the strength is worn out by disease the air is agitated; it is thinned by the agitation of the winds; at the same time it draws the sap from diseased persons and renders them thinner." + }, + { + "id": 20389, + "la": "Contra vero lenis et crassus aer qui perflatus non habet neque crebras redundantias, propter inmotam stabilitatem adiciendo ad membra eorum alit eos et reficit, qui in his sunt inpliciti morbis", + "en": "On the other hand, a smooth and thick air which is free from. the passage of draughts and does not move backwards and forwards, builds up their limbs by its steadiness, and so nourishes and refreshes those who are caught by these diseases." + }, + { + "id": 20390, + "la": "Nonnullis placuit esse ventos quattuor: ab oriente aequinoctiali solanum, a meridie austrum, ab occidente aequinoctiali favonium, ab septentrionali septentrionem", + "en": "Some have held that there are four winds: the Solanus1 from the equinoctial east, the Auster2 from the south, Favonius3 from the equinoctial west, and Septentrio from the north." + }, + { + "id": 20391, + "la": "Sed qui diligentius perquisierunt, tradiderunt eos esse octo, maxime quidem Andronicus Cyrrestes, qui etiam exemplum conlocavit Athenis turrem marmoream octagonon et in singulis lateribus octagoni singulorum ventorum imagines excalptas contra suos cuiusque flatus designavit,", + "en": "But those who have inquired more diligently lay down that there are eight: especially indeed Andronicus of Cyrrha,4 who also, for an example, built at Athens5 an octagonal marble tower, and, on the several sides of the octagon, had representations of the winds carved opposite their several currents." + }, + { + "id": 20392, + "la": "supraque eam turrim metam marmoream perfecit et insuper Tritonem aereum conlocavit dextra manu virgam porrigentem, et ita est machinatus, uti vento circumageretur et semper contra flatum consisteret supraque imaginem flantis venti indicem virgam teneret", + "en": "And above that tower he caused to be made a marble upright, and above it he placed a bronze Triton holding a rod in his right hand. He so contrived that it was driven round by the wind, and always faced the current of air, and held the rod as indicator above the representation of the wind blowing." + }, + { + "id": 20393, + "la": "Itaque sunt conlocati inter solanum et austrum ab oriente hiberno eurus, inter austrum et favonium ab occidente hiberno africus, inter favonium et septentrionem caurus, quem plures vocant corum, inter septentrionem et solanum aquilo", + "en": "Therefore there are placed between the Solanus and the Auster, the Eurus from the winter sunrising; between the Auster and the Favonius, the Africus from the winter sunset; between the Favonius and the Septentrio, the Caurus (which most people call Corus); between the Septentrio and the Solanus, the Aquilo." + }, + { + "id": 20394, + "la": "Hoc modo videtur esse expressum, uti capiat numerus et nomina et partes, unde flatus certi ventorum spirent", + "en": "The diagram seems to be so arranged as to receive the names and the quarters whence the fixed currents of winds blow." + }, + { + "id": 20395, + "la": "Quod cum ita exploratum habeatur, ut inveniantur regiones et ortus eorum, sic erit ratiocinandum", + "en": "Since these may be regarded as ascertained, we must calculate as follows to find the quarters and risings of the winds." + }, + { + "id": 20396, + "la": "Conlocetur ad libellam marmoreum amusium mediis moenibus, aut locus ita expoliatur ad regulam et libellam, ut amusium non desideretur, supraque eius loci centrum medium conlocetur aeneus gnomon, indagator umbrae qui graece sciotheres dicitur", + "en": "Let there be placed to a level a marble dial, somewhere in the middle of the city; or let a space be so polished to rule and level that the marble dial is not wanted. Above the middle point of that place, let there be put a bronze indicator to track the shadow1 (which in Greek is called sciotheres)." + }, + { + "id": 20397, + "la": "Huius antemeridiana hora circiter hora quinta sumenda est extrema gnomonis umbra et puncto signanda, deinde circino diducto ad punctum, quod est gnomonis umbrae longitudinis signum, ex eoque a centro circumagenda linea rotundationis", + "en": "Before midday, at about the fifth hour, the end of the shadow of the indicator is to be taken and marked with a point. Then a radius being taken from the indicator to the point which marks the length of the shadow, with that, from the indicator as centre, a circumference is to be drawn." + }, + { + "id": 20398, + "la": "Itemque observanda postmeridiana istius gnomonis crescens umbra, et cum tetigerit circinationis lineam et fecerit parem antemeridianae umbrae postmeridianam, signanda puncto", + "en": "After midday the growing shadow of the indicator, when it touches the line of the circle and marks a post-meridian shadow equal to the antemeridian, is to be marked with a point." + }, + { + "id": 20399, + "la": "Ex his duobus signis circino decusatim describendum, et per decusationem et medium centrum linea perducenda ad extremum, ut habeatur meridiana et septentrionalis regio", + "en": "From these two points, two intersecting circles are to be described. Through the intersection and the centre of the circle first described, a line is to be carried through to the end so that the southern and northern quarters may be indicated." + }, + { + "id": 20400, + "la": "Tum postea sumenda est sexta decima pars circinationis lineae totius rotundationis, centrumque conlocandum in meridiana linea, qua tangit circinationem, et signandum dextra ac sinistra in circinatione et meridiana et septentrionali parte", + "en": "Next we take as radius the sixteenth part2 of the circumference of the circle. From centres given by the meridian line at the two points where it touches the circle, and with that radius, points are to be marked right and left in the circle, both on the southern and on the northern part." + }, + { + "id": 20401, + "la": "Tunc ex signis his quattuor per centrum medium decusatim lineae ab extremis ad extremas circinationes perducendae", + "en": "Then from these four points, intersecting lines are to be drawn through the middle centre from one side of the circumference to the other." + }, + { + "id": 20402, + "la": "Ita austri et septentrionis habebitur octavae partis designatio", + "en": "Thus both for the south wind and for the north wind we shall have marked out the eighth part of the circumference." + }, + { + "id": 20403, + "la": "Reliquae partes dextra ac sinistra tres, aequales et tres his distribuendae sunt in tota rotundatione, ut aequales divisiones octo ventorum designatae sint in descriptione", + "en": "The remaining parts in the whole round, three on the right and three on the left, are to be distributed equally, so that equal divisions of the eight winds are marked out in the figure." + }, + { + "id": 20404, + "la": "Tum per angulos inter duas ventorum regiones et platearum et angiportorum videntur deberi dirigi descriptiones", + "en": "Then the angles between two quarters of the winds will determine the laying out both of the streets and of the alleys." + }, + { + "id": 20405, + "la": "His enim rationibus et ea divisione exclusa erit ex habitationibus et vicis ventorum vis molesta", + "en": "For by these methods and this division, troublesome winds will be excluded from the dwellings and the streets." + }, + { + "id": 20406, + "la": "Cum enim plateae contra derectos ventos erunt conformatae, ex aperto caeli spatio impetus ac flatus frequens conclusus in faucibus angiportorum vehementioribus viribus pervagabitur", + "en": "For when the quarters of the city are planned to meet the winds full, the rush of air and the frequent breezes from the open space of the sky will move with mightier power, confined as they are in the jaws of the alleys." + }, + { + "id": 20407, + "la": "Quas ob res convertendae sunt ab regionibus ventorum derectiones vicorum, uti advenientes ad angulos insularum frangantur repulsique dissipentur", + "en": "Wherefore the directions of the streets are to avoid the quarters of the winds, so that when the winds come up against the corners of the blocks of buildings they may be broken, driven back and dissipated." + }, + { + "id": 20408, + "la": "Fortasse mirabuntur i qui multa ventorum nomina noverunt, quod a nobis expositi sunt tantum octo esse ventis", + "en": "Perhaps those who know many names of the winds will wonder because only eight winds have been described by us to exist." + }, + { + "id": 20409, + "la": "Si autem animadverterint orbis terrae circuitionem per solis cursum et umbras gnomonis aequinoctialis ex inclinatione caeli ab Eratosthene Cyrenaeo rationibus mathematicis et geometricis methodis esse inventam ducentorum quinquaginta duum milium stadium,", + "en": "But if they perceive that the circumference of the world, ascertained by the suns course, and the equinoctial shadows of the gnomon and the inclinations of the sky, have been found by Eratosthenes1 of Cyrene with mathematical calculations and geometric methods to be 252,000 stades," + }, + { + "id": 20410, + "la": "quae fiunt passus trecenties et decies quinquies centena milia, huius autem octava pars quam ventus tenere videtur, est triciens nongenta triginta septem milia et passus quingenti, non debebunt mirari, si in tam magno spatio unus ventus vagando inclinationibus et recessionibus varietates mutatione flatus faciat", + "en": "which give 31,500,000 paces, while of this the eighth part which the wind seems to occupy is 3,937,500 paces, they ought not to wonder, if in so great a space one wind, as it moves with its inclinations and retreats, causes varieties through the change of its current." + }, + { + "id": 20411, + "la": "Itaque dextra et sinistra austrum leuconotus et altanus flare solet, africum libonotus et subvesperus, circa favonium argestes et certis temporibus etesiae, ad latera cauri circias et corus, circa septentrionem thracias et gallicus, dextra ac sinistra aquilonem supernas et caecias, circa solanum carbas et certo tempore ornithiae, euri vero medias partes tenentis in extremis euricircias et volturnus", + "en": "Therefore on the right and left of Auster,1 Leuconotus and Altanus are wont to blow; of Africus, Libonotus and Subvesperus; around Favonius, Argestes and at certain times the Etesian winds2; at the sides of Caurus, Circias and Corus; about Septentrio, Thracias and Gallicus; right and left of Aquilo, Supernas and Caecias; around Solanus, Carbas and at a definite time Ornithiae; on the distant parts, when Eurus holds the middle, Euricircias and Volturnus." + }, + { + "id": 20412, + "la": "Sunt autem et alia plura nomina flatusque ventorum e locis aut fluminibus aut montium procellis tracta", + "en": "There are also many other names and breezes of winds, drawn from places, or rivers, or from mountain storms." + }, + { + "id": 20413, + "la": "Praeterea aurae matutinae, qua sol, cum emergit de subterranea parte, versando pulsat aeris umorem et impetu scandendo prudens exprimit aurarum antelucano spiritu flatus", + "en": "Moreover there are morning airs, when the sun, emerging from the subterranean part, tosses and beats the damp in the air, and rising with a rush looks forward and thrusts forth the breezes with the breath that comes before the light." + }, + { + "id": 20414, + "la": "Qui cum exorto sole permanserunt, euri venti tenent partes, et ea re, quod ex auris procreatur, ab Graecis euros videtur esse appellatus, crastinusque dies propter auras matutinas aurion fertur esse vocitatus", + "en": "And when these have remained after sunrise, they hold the region of the east wind. Because this is generated from aurae (breezes) it seems to be called euros by the Greeks, and because of morning breezes the morrow is said to have been called aurion." + }, + { + "id": 20415, + "la": "Sunt autem nonnulli qui negant Eratosthenem potuisse veram mensuram orbis terrae colligere", + "en": "But there are some who deny that Eratosthenes could infer the true measure of the earth." + }, + { + "id": 20416, + "la": "Quae sive est certa sive non vera, non potest nostra scriptura non veras habere terminationes regionum, unde spiritus ventorum oriuntur", + "en": "Whether this is certain or not, our writing cannot fail to furnish true outlines of the regions whence arise the breezes of the winds." + }, + { + "id": 20417, + "la": "Ergo si ita est, tantum erit, uti non certam mensurae rationem sed aut maiores impetus aut minores habeant singuli venti", + "en": "Therefore if it is so, it will have this consequence, that the several winds will have, not a fixed and measured amount, but either greater or less impetus." + }, + { + "id": 20418, + "la": "Quoniam haec a nobis sunt breviter exposita, ut facilius intellegatur, visum est mihi in extremo volumine formas sive uti Graeci schemata dicunt, duo explicare, unum ita deformatum, ut appareat, unde certi ventorum spiritus oriantur, alterum, quemadmodum ab impetu eorum aversis derectionibus vicorum et platearum evitentur nocentes flatus", + "en": "Since these matters have been briefly set forth by us, in order that it may be more easily understood I have decided at the end of the book to furnish two plans, or as the Greeks say schemata: one so mapped out that it may appear whence the certain breezes of the winds arise; the second,1 how by layings out of quarters and streets turned away from their violence, dangerous currents may be avoided." + }, + { + "id": 20419, + "la": "Divisis angiportis et plateis constitutis arearum electio ad opportunitatem et usum communem civitatis est explicanda aedibus sacris, foro reliquisque locis communibus", + "en": "After apportioning the alleys and settling the main streets, the choice of sites for the convenience and common use of citizens has to be explained; for sacred buildings, the forum, and the other public places." + }, + { + "id": 20420, + "la": "Et si erunt moenia secundum mare, area ubi forum constituatur, eligenda proxime portum, sin autem mediterraneo, in oppido medio", + "en": "And if the ramparts are by the sea,1 a site where the forum is to be put is to be chosen next the harbour; but if inland,2 in the middle of the town." + }, + { + "id": 20421, + "la": "Aedibus vero sacris, quorum deorum maxime in tutela civitas videtur esse, et Iovi et Iunoni et Minervae, in excelsissimo loco unde moenium maxima pars conspiciatur, areae distribuantur", + "en": "But for sacred buildings of the gods under whose protection the city most seems to be, both for Jupiter and Juno and Minerva,3 the sites are to be distributed on the highest ground from which the most of the ramparts is to be seen." + }, + { + "id": 20422, + "la": "Mercurio autem in foro, aut etiam ut Isidi et Serapi in emporio; Apollini Patrique Libero secundum theatrum; Herculi, in quibus civitatibus non sunt gymnasia neque amphitheatra, ad circum: Marti extra urbem sed ad campum; itemque Veneri ad portum", + "en": "To Mercury, however, in the forum, or also, as to Isis and Serapis,1 in the business quarter; to Apollo and Father Bacchus against the theatre; to Hercules, in cities which have no gymnasia nor amphitheatres, at the circus; to Mars outside the walls but in the parade ground; and also to Venus near the harbour." + }, + { + "id": 20423, + "la": "Id autem etiam Etruscis haruspicibus disciplinarum scripturis ita est dedicatum, extra murum Veneris, Volcani, Martis fana ideo conlocari, uti non insuescat in urbe adulescentibus, seu matribus familiarum veneria libido, Volcanique vi e moenibus religionibus et sacrificiis evocata ab timore incendiorum aedificia videantur liberari", + "en": "Now with Etruscan haruspices in the writings of their disciplines, the dedication is as follows: that the shrines of Venus, Volcanus, Mars are therefore to be situated outside the wall, so that venereal pleasure may not be customary to young men and matrons in the city, and, by summoning the power of Volcanus outside the ramparts with ritual and sacrifices, the buildings may seem to be freed from fear of fires." + }, + { + "id": 20424, + "la": "Martis vero divinitas cum sit extra moenia dedicata, non erit inter cives armigera dissensio, sed ab hostibus ea defensa a belli periculo conservabit", + "en": "But since the divinity of Mars2 is dedicated outside the ramparts, there will not be armed quarrels among citizens, yet he will keep the ramparts defended from the danger of war." + }, + { + "id": 20425, + "la": "Item Cereri extra urbem loco, quo nomine semper homines, nisi per sacrificium, necesse habeant adire; cum religione, caste sanctisque moribus is locus debet tueri", + "en": "So also to Ceres in a place outside the city, under which name (i.e. Ceres extra urbem) men (unless by sacrifice) must always approach her; since that place must be kept religiously, purely and with strict manners." + }, + { + "id": 20426, + "la": "Ceterisque diis ad sacrificiorum rationes aptae templis areae sunt distribuendae", + "en": "And to the other gods sites fit for temples with a view to the methods of sacrifice are to be arranged." + }, + { + "id": 20427, + "la": "De ipsis autem aedibus sacris faciundis et de arearum symmetriis in tertio et quarto volumine reddam rationes, quia in secundo visum est mihi primum de materiae copiis quae in aedificiis sunt parandae, quibus sint virtutibus et quem habeant usum, exponere, commensus aedificiorum et ordines et genera singula symmetriarum peragere et in singulis voluminibus explicare", + "en": "Now about building temples and about symmetrical arrangement of sites I will give an account in the third and fourth books, because in the second I purpose, first, with reference to the supplies of material which are to be prepared in buildings, to set forth of what virtues they are possessed, and what uses they have; subsequently to treat of the dimensions of buildings, the orders and the several kinds of symmetry and to explain them in the several books." + }, + { + "id": 20428, + "la": "Nam qui quadringenta ad opus possunt parare, si adicient centum, habendo spem perfectionis delectationibus tenentur; qui autem adiectione dimidia aut ampliore sumptu onerantur, amissa spe et inpensa abiecta, fractis rebus et animis desistere coguntur", + "en": "For those who can provide 400,000 sesterces, and have to add 100,000, are content to be so bound, in the hope of completing the work: while those who are burdened with the addition of a half, or more of the expense, lose hope, and declining further expenditure are forced to give up with broken fortune and spirit." + }, + { + "id": 20429, + "la": "Nec solum id vitium in aedificiis, sed etiam in muneribus, quae a magistratibus foro gladiatorum scaenicisque ludorum dantur, quibus nec mora neque expectatio conceditur, sed necessitas finito tempore perficere cogit, id est sedes spectaculorum velorumque inductiones sunt et ea omnia, quae scaenicis moribus per machinationem ad spectationis populo conparantur", + "en": "And this defect is found not only in building, but also in the public spectacles which are given by magistrates; whether of gladiators in the forum, or of plays with a theatrical setting. In these neither delay nor expectation is permitted, but necessity compels the performance to take place within a fixed time. There is the seating for the shows, and there are the awnings to be drawn, and all those other things which, in accordance with theatrical tradition, are provided for popular spectacles by means of machinery." + }, + { + "id": 20430, + "la": "In his vero opus est prudentia diligens et ingenii doctissimi cogitata, quod nihil eorum perficitur sine machinatione studiorumque vario ac sollerti vigore", + "en": "Herein the requisites are careful foresight and the resources of a highly trained intelligence. For nothing of this sort is done without mechanical contrivance to which an alert and masterly attention has been applied." + }, + { + "id": 20431, + "la": "Igitur quoniam haec ita sunt tradita et constituta, non videtur esse alienum, uti caute summaque diligentia, antequam instituantur opera, eorum expediantur rationes", + "en": "Therefore, since these things have so been handed down and determined, it does not seem irrelevant to elucidate their provision with care and all diligence before the work is entered upon." + }, + { + "id": 20432, + "la": "Ergo quoniam neque lex neque morum institutio id potest cogere et quotannis et praetores et aediles ludorum causa machinationes praeparare debent, visum mihi est, imperator, non esse alienum, quoniam de aedificiis in prioribus voluminibus exposui, in hoc, quod finitionem summam corporis habet constitutam, quae sint principia machinarum, ordinata praeceptis explicare", + "en": "For since neither law nor custom can compel this, while every year the praetors1 and aediles must prepare the machinery for the spectacles, I thought it not irrelevant, your Highness, after dealing with buildings in the former books, to explain in this book (which rounds off the entire completion of the treatise) what the principles of machinery are, and the rules which guide them." + }, + { + "id": 20433, + "la": "Machina est continens e materia coniunctio maximas ad onerum motus habens virtutes", + "en": "A machine is a continuous1 material2 system having special fitness for the moving of weights." + }, + { + "id": 20434, + "la": "Ea movetur ex arte circulorum rutundationibus, quam Graeci cyclicen cinesin appellant", + "en": "It is moved by appropriate revolutions of circles, which by the Greeks is called cyclice cinesis." + }, + { + "id": 20435, + "la": "Est autem unum genus scansorium, quod graece acrobaticon dicitur; alterum spirabile, quod apud eos pneumaticon appellatur; tertium tractorium, id autem Graeci baru ison vocitant", + "en": "The first kind of machine is of ladders (in Greek acrobaticon); the second is moved by the wind (in Greek pneumaticon); the third is by traction (in Greek baru ison3 or equilibrium)." + }, + { + "id": 20436, + "la": "Scansorum autem machinae ita fuerunt conlocatae, ut ad altitudinem tignis statutis et transversariis conligatis sine periculo scandatur ad apparatus spectationem; at spirabile, cum spiritus ex expressionibus inpulsus et plagae vocesque organicos exprimantur", + "en": "Now scaling ladders4 are so arranged that when the uprights are placed to a height and cross-pieces are tied to them, men may safely ascend to inspect military engines. But we have wind instruments when moving air is driven forth by pressure, and musical beats and vocal sounds are uttered by instruments." + }, + { + "id": 20437, + "la": "Tractorium vero, cum onera machinis pertrahuntur, ut ad altitudinem sublata conlocentur", + "en": "Machines of draught draw weights mechanically so that they are raised and placed at an elevation." + }, + { + "id": 20438, + "la": "Scansoria ratio non arte sed audacia gloriatur; ea catenationibus [et transversariis et plexis conligationibus] et erismatum fulturis continentur", + "en": "The design of the ladder prides itself not only on artifice but on military daring. It depends on using tie-pieces and the support of stays." + }, + { + "id": 20439, + "la": "Quae autem spiritus potestate adsumit ingressus, elegantes artis subtilitatibus consequetur effectus", + "en": "But the design which gains an impulse by the power of moving air reaches neat results by the scientific refinement of its expedients." + }, + { + "id": 20440, + "la": "Tractoria autem maiores et magnificentia plenas habet ad utilitatem opportunitates et in agendo cum prudentia summas virtutes", + "en": "The traction machines offer in practice greater adaptation which reaches magnificence, and when they are handled carefully, supreme excellence." + }, + { + "id": 20441, + "la": "Ex his sunt quae mechanicos alia organicos moventur", + "en": "Of these machines, some are moved mechanically, others are used like tools." + }, + { + "id": 20442, + "la": "Inter machinas et organa id videtur esse discrimen, quod machinae pluribus operis ut vi maiore coguntur effectus habenti, uti ballistae torculariorumque prela; organa autem unius operae prudenti tactu perficiunt quod est propositum, uti scorpionis seu anisocyclorum versationes", + "en": "There seems to be this difference between machines and instruments, that machines are driven by several workmen as by a greater force producing its effects, for example, projectile engines or wine presses. But instruments carry out their purpose by the careful handling of a single workman, such as the turning of a hand balista1 or of screws." + }, + { + "id": 20443, + "la": "Ergo et organa et machinarum ratio ad usum sunt necessaria, sine quibus nulla res potest esse non inpedita", + "en": "Therefore both instruments and machinery are necessary in practice and without them every kind of work is difficult." + }, + { + "id": 20444, + "la": "Omnis autem est machinatio rerum natura pro-creata ac praeceptrice et magistra mundi versatione instituta", + "en": "Now all machinery is generated by Nature, and the revolution of the universe guides and controls." + }, + { + "id": 20445, + "la": "Namque ni advertamus primum et aspiciamus continentem solis, lunae, quinque etiam stellarum, natura machinata versarentur, non habuissemus interdum lucem nec fructum maturitatis", + "en": "For first indeed, unless we could observe and contemplate the continuous motion of the sun, moon and also the five planets; unless4 these revolved by the device of Nature we should not have known5 their light in due season nor the ripening of the harvest." + }, + { + "id": 20446, + "la": "Cum ergo maiores haec ita esse animadvertissent, e rerum natura sumpserunt exempla et ea imitantes inducti rebus divinis commodas vitae perfecerunt explicationes", + "en": "Since then our fathers had observed this to be so, they took precedents from Nature; imitating them, and led on by what is divine,6 they developed the comforts of life by their inventions." + }, + { + "id": 20447, + "la": "Itaque conparaverunt, ut essent expeditiora, alia machinis et earum versationibus, nonnulla organis, et ita quae animadverterunt ad usum utilia esse studiis, artibus, institutis, gradatim augenda doctrinis curaverunt", + "en": "And so, they rendered some things more convenient, by machines and their revolutions, and other things by handy implements. Thus what they perceived useful in practice they caused to be advanced by their methods, step by step, through studies, crafts, and customs." + }, + { + "id": 20448, + "la": "Attendamus enim primum inventum de necessitate, ut vestitus, quemadmodum telarum organicis administrationibus conexus staminis ad subtemen non modo corpora tegendo tueatur, sed etiam ornatus adiciat honestatem", + "en": "Let us first consider necessary inventions. In the case of clothing, by the organic arrangements of the loom, the union of the warp to the web not only covers and protects our bodies, but also adds the beauty of apparel." + }, + { + "id": 20449, + "la": "Cibi vero non habuissemus abundantiam, nisi iuga et aratra bubus iumentisque omnibus essent inventa", + "en": "Again, we should not have plentiful food, unless yokes and ploughs had been invented for oxen and other animals." + }, + { + "id": 20450, + "la": "Sucularumque et prelorum et vectium si non fuisset torculars praeparatio, neque olei nitorem neque vitium fructum habere potuissemus ad iucunditatem, portationesque eorum non essent, nisi plostrorum seu serracorum per terram, navicularum per aquam inventae essent machinationes", + "en": "If windlasses, press-beams and levers had not been supplied to the presses, we should not have had clear oil or the produce of the vine for our enjoyment. And their transport would have been impossible, unless the construction of carts or waggons by land, and of ships by sea had been devised." + }, + { + "id": 20451, + "la": "Trutinarum vero librarumque ponderibus examinatio reperta vindicat ab iniquitate iustis moribus vitam", + "en": "The equilibrium of balances and scales has been applied to free human life from fraud by the provision of just measures." + }, + { + "id": 20452, + "la": "Non minus quae sunt innumerabili modo rationes machinationum, de quibus non necesse videtur disputare, quando sunt ad manum cotidianae, ut sunt molae, folles fabrorum, raedae, cisia, torni ceteraque, quae communes ad usum consuetudinibus habent opportunitates", + "en": "Besides, there are innumerable mechanical devices about which it does not seem needful to enlarge (because they are to hand in our daily use), such as millstones, blacksmiths bellows, waggons, two-wheeled chariots, lathes and so forth, which are generally suitable for customary use." + }, + { + "id": 20453, + "la": "Itaque incipiemus de is, quae raro veniunt ad manus, ut nota sint, explicare", + "en": "Hence we will begin to explain, so that they may be known, machines which are rarely employed." + }, + { + "id": 20454, + "la": "Primumque instituemus de is, quae aedibus sacris ad operumque publicorum perfectionem necessitate comparantur", + "en": "And first we will explain the machines1 which must be provided for temples, and for the execution of public works." + }, + { + "id": 20455, + "la": "Quae fiunt ita", + "en": "These are made as follows." + }, + { + "id": 20456, + "la": "Tigna duo ad onerum magnitudinem ratione expediuntur", + "en": "Two pieces of timber are carefully prepared, which answer to the size of the load." + }, + { + "id": 20457, + "la": "A capite a fibula coniuncta et in imo divaricata eriguntur, funibus in capitibus conlocatis et circa dispositis erecta retinentur", + "en": "They are set up, connected1 at the top with a brace, and spreading at the base. They are kept upright by ropes fastened at the top and adjusted round them." + }, + { + "id": 20458, + "la": "Alligatur in summo troclea, quem etiam nonnulli rechamum dicunt", + "en": "At the top a block is made fast: these some call rechamus." + }, + { + "id": 20459, + "la": "In trocleam induntur orbiculi per axiculos versationes habentes", + "en": "On this block two pulleys are fixed, which revolve upon axles." + }, + { + "id": 20460, + "la": "Per orbiculum traicitur ductarius funis, deinde demittitur et traducitur circa orbiculum trocleae inferioris", + "en": "Over the top pulley the leading rope is passed. It is then let down and drawn round a pulley of the block below." + }, + { + "id": 20461, + "la": "Refertur autem ad orbiculum imum trocleae superioris et ita descendit ad inferiorem et in foramine eius religatur", + "en": "It is returned to the lower pulley of the top block, and so comes again to the lower block and is secured to the eye of it." + }, + { + "id": 20462, + "la": "Altera pars funis refertur inter imas machinae partes", + "en": "The other end of the rope belongs to the lower part of the machine." + }, + { + "id": 20463, + "la": "In quadris autem tignorum posterioribus, quo loci sunt divaricata, figuntur chelonia, in quae coiciuntur sucularum capita, ut faciliter axes versentur", + "en": "On the back faces of the timbers where they separate, socket-pieces are fixed, into which the ends of the windlasses are put, so that the axles may turn easily." + }, + { + "id": 20464, + "la": "Eae suculae proxime capita habent foramina bina ita temperata, ut vectes in ea convenire possint", + "en": "The windlasses near their ends have two perforations so adjusted that handspikes can fit into them." + }, + { + "id": 20465, + "la": "Ad rechamum autem imum ferrei forfices religantur, quorum dentes in saxa forata accommodantur", + "en": "To the bottom of the block, iron pincers are fixed, the teeth of which are adjusted to holes in the blocks of stone." + }, + { + "id": 20466, + "la": "Cum autem funis habet caput ad suculam religatum et vectes ducentes eam versant, funis involvendo circum suculam extenditur et ita sublevat onera ad altitudinem et operum conlocationes", + "en": "Now when the rope has its end tied to the windlass, and the handspikes draw and turn the windlass, the rope in winding round the axle is made taut and so lifts up weights to their place in the work." + }, + { + "id": 20467, + "la": "Haec autem ratio machinationis, quod per tres orbiculos circumvolvitur, trispastos appellatur", + "en": "Now this kind of contrivance, because it is turned by three pulleys, is called trispastos." + }, + { + "id": 20468, + "la": "Cum vero in ima troclea duo orbiculi, in superiore tres versantur, id pentaspaston dicitur", + "en": "When, however, there are two pulleys in the lower block and three in the upper block, it is called pentaspaston." + }, + { + "id": 20469, + "la": "Sin autem maioribus oneribus erunt machinae comparandae, amplioribus tignorum longitudinibus et crassitudinibus erit utendum; eadem ratione in summo fibulationibus, in imo sucularum versationibus expediendum", + "en": "But if machines are to be prepared for greater loads, we must use longer and thicker timbers. In the same way we must use larger bolts at the top, and larger windlasses below." + }, + { + "id": 20470, + "la": "His explicatis antarii funes ante laxi conlocentur; retinacula super scapulas machinae longe disponantur, et si non erit, ubi religetur, pali resupinati defodiantur et circum fistucatione solidentur, quo funes alligentur", + "en": "When all is made ready, the tackle,2 which is previously loose, is to be attached; the cables are to be carried over the shoulders of the machine. If there is no place to which they may be fixed, sloping piles are to be driven into the ground and secured by ramming the ground round them; to them the ropes are to be attached." + }, + { + "id": 20471, + "la": "Troclea in summo capite machinae rudenti contineatur, et ex eo funis perducatur ad palum et quae est in palo trocleam inligata", + "en": "The block at the top of the machine is to be attached by a cable. And a rope is to be taken from the top to the inclined pile and fastened to the block which is on the pile." + }, + { + "id": 20472, + "la": "Circa eius orbiculum funis indatur et referatur ad eam trocleam, quae erit ad caput machinae religata", + "en": "Passing over its pulley the rope is to be carried back to the block which shall be bound to the top of the machine." + }, + { + "id": 20473, + "la": "Circum autem orbiculum ab summo traiectus funis descendat et redeat ad suculam, quae est in ima machina, ibique religetur", + "en": "After passing round the pulley the rope is to come down from the top and is to return to the windlass which is below, and bound there." + }, + { + "id": 20474, + "la": "Vectibus autem coacta sucula versabitur, eriget per se machinam sine periculo", + "en": "The windlass being worked by handspikes will revolve: and of itself will raise the machine without danger." + }, + { + "id": 20475, + "la": "Ita circa dispositis funibus et retinaculis in palis haerentibus ampliore modo machina conlocabitur", + "en": "Thus the ropes are passed round, the cables are fixed to the piles and the machine is in position for use." + }, + { + "id": 20476, + "la": "Trocleae et ductarii funes, uti supra scriptum est, expediuntur", + "en": "The pulleys and the tackle are applied as it is described above." + }, + { + "id": 20477, + "la": "Sin autem colossicotera amplitudinibus et ponderibus onera in operibus fuerint, non erit suculae committendum, sed quemadmodum sucula chelons retinetur, ita axis includatur habens in medium tympanum amplum, quod nonnulli rotam appellant, Graeci autem amphieren, alii perithecium vocant", + "en": "If, however, the works involve loads of immense dimensions and weight, we must not trust to the windlass. But an axle held in sockets like the windlass is to be inserted having in the middle a large drum,3 which some call a wheel: the Greeks amphieres, or otherwise perithecium." + }, + { + "id": 20478, + "la": "In his autem machinis trocleae non eodem sed alio modo comparantur", + "en": "In these machines the blocks1 are made in a different way." + }, + { + "id": 20479, + "la": "Habent enim et in imo et in summo duplices ordines orbiculorum", + "en": "For they have below and above two pulleys arranged vertically." + }, + { + "id": 20480, + "la": "Ita funis ductarius traicitur in inferioris trocleae foramen, uti aequalia duo capita sint funis, cum erit extensus, ibique secundum inferiorem trocleam resticula circumdata et contenta utraeque partes funis continentur, ut neque in sinistram partem possint prodire", + "en": "The guide rope passes into a hole in the lower block in such a way that the rope when it is taut has its two ends equally long. The rope being passed round and secured to the lower block, both ends of the rope are secured so that they cannot swerve to the right or left." + }, + { + "id": 20481, + "la": "Deinde capita funis referuntur in summa troclea ab exteriore parte et deiciuntur circa orbiculos imos et redeunt ad imum coiciunturque infimae trocleae ad orbiculos ex interiore parte et referuntur dextra sinistra; ad caput circa orbiculos summos redeunt", + "en": "Then the ends of the rope are carried back on the outside of the upper block and are taken over its lower pulleys, and return below. They are passed from the inside to the pulleys of the lower block and are carried up right and left and return to the top round the highest pulleys." + }, + { + "id": 20482, + "la": "Traiecti autem ab exteriore parte feruntur dextra sinistra tympanum in axe ibique, ut haereant, conligantur", + "en": "Passing from the outside they are carried right and left of the drum on the axle, and are tied so as to hold there." + }, + { + "id": 20483, + "la": "Tum autem circa tympanum involutus alter funis refertur ad ergatam, et is circumactus tympanum et axem", + "en": "Then another rope is wound round the drum and carried back to the capstan. This rope is turned round the drum and axle," + }, + { + "id": 20484, + "la": "Se involvendo pariter extendunt, et ita leniter levant onera sine periculo", + "en": "winds itself up and the ends are stretched equally and so gently raise the loads in safety." + }, + { + "id": 20485, + "la": "Quodsi maius tympanum conlocatum aut in medio aut in una parte extrema fuerit sine ergata, calcantes homines expeditiores habere poterunt operis effectus", + "en": "But if a greater drum is fixed either in the middle or on one of the ends, the capstan is dispensed with, and the drum, being trodden by men, can produce results more quickly." + }, + { + "id": 20486, + "la": "Est autem aliud genus machinae satis artificiosum et ad usum celeritatis expeditum, sed in eo dare operam non possunt nisi periti", + "en": "There is another2 kind of machine ingenious enough and suitable for speedy use; but only skilled workmen can deal with it." + }, + { + "id": 20487, + "la": "Est enim tignum, quod erigitur et distenditur retinaculis quadrifariam", + "en": "A pole is set up and is kept upright by cables in four different directions." + }, + { + "id": 20488, + "la": "Sub retinaculo chelonia duo figuntur, troclea funibus supra chelonia religatur, sub troclea regula longa circiter pedes duos, lata digitos sex, crassa quattuor supponitur", + "en": "Where the cables meet at the top, two sockets are fixed; the block is fixed to the sockets with ropes. Under the block is put a piece of timber about two feet long, six inches wide, and four inches thick." + }, + { + "id": 20489, + "la": "Trocleae ternos ordines orbiculorum in latitudine habentes conlocantur", + "en": "The blocks, with three sets of pulleys in their width," + }, + { + "id": 20490, + "la": "Ita tres ductarii funes in machina religantur", + "en": "are fixed so that three guide ropes are inserted in the machine." + }, + { + "id": 20491, + "la": "Deinde referuntur ad imam trocleam et traiciuntur ex interiore parte per eius orbiculos summos", + "en": "These are brought down to the lower block and pass from the side next the pole over the upper pulleys;" + }, + { + "id": 20492, + "la": "Deinde referuntur ad superiorem trocleam et traiciuntur ab exteriore parte in interiorem per orbiculos imos", + "en": "thence they are carried to the upper block and pass over the lower pulley, from the outside to within." + }, + { + "id": 20493, + "la": "Cum descenderint ad imum, ex interiore parte et per secundos orbiculos traducuntur in extremum et referuntur in summum ad orbiculos secundos; traiecti redeunt ad imum et per imum referuntur ad caput; traiecti per summos redeunt ad machinam imam", + "en": "When they come below they pass over the second pulleys from within outwards, and are brought back to the second pulleys above. Passing on they return below, and from below they return to the top. And passing over the top of the pulleys, they return to the lower part of the machine." + }, + { + "id": 20494, + "la": "In radice autem machinae conlocatur tertia troclea; eam autem Graeci epagonta, nostri artemonem appellant", + "en": "Further, at the foot of the machine a third block is fixed; this is called epagon by the Greeks, artemon1 by us." + }, + { + "id": 20495, + "la": "Ea troclea religatur ad trocleae radicem habens orbiculos tres, per quos traiecti funes traduntur hominibus ad ducendum", + "en": "The block is secured to its foot with three pulleys, over which the ropes pass, which are given to men to work." + }, + { + "id": 20496, + "la": "Ita tres ordines hominum ducentes sine ergata celeriter onus ad summum perducunt", + "en": "Thus three sets of men working without a capstan quickly draw a load to the top." + }, + { + "id": 20497, + "la": "Hoc genus machinae polyspaston appellatur, quod multis orbiculorum circuitionibus et facilitatem summam praestat et celeritatem", + "en": "This kind of machine is called polyspaston2 (a compound pulley), because with its many pulleys it is very easy and quick to work." + }, + { + "id": 20498, + "la": "Una autem statutio tigni hanc habet utilitatem, quod ante quantum velit et dextra ac sinistra a latere proclinando onus deponere potest", + "en": "The use of a single pole has this advantage, that by inclining it beforehand it can deposit the load sideways right or left as much as is desired." + }, + { + "id": 20499, + "la": "Harum machinationum omnium, quae supra sunt scriptae, rationes non modo ad has res, sed etiam ad onerandas et exonerandas naves sunt paratae, aliae erectae, aliae planae in carchess versatilibus conlocatae", + "en": "The use of all the contrivances described above is available not only for these purposes, but also for loading up and unloading ships: some being upright, others on the level, being fixed with revolving sockets." + }, + { + "id": 20500, + "la": "Non minus sine tignorum erectionibus in plano etiam eadem ratione et temperatis funibus et trocleis subductiones navium efficiuntur", + "en": "In like fashion on the level (without erecting poles) blocks and ropes are adjusted in order to draw ships ashore." + }, + { + "id": 20501, + "la": "Non est autem alienum etiam Chersiphronos ingeniosam rationem exponere", + "en": "It is quite germane to our subject to describe an ingenious contrivance of Chersiphron." + }, + { + "id": 20502, + "la": "Is enim scapos columnarum e lapidicinis cum deportare vellet Ephesi ad Dianae fanum, propter magnitudinem onerum et viarum campestrem mollitudinem non confisus carris, ne rotae devorarentur, sic est conatus", + "en": "When he desired to bring down the shafts of the columns from the quarries to the Temple of Diana at Ephesus, he tried the following arrangement. For he distrusted his two-wheeled carts, fearing lest the wheels should sink down in the yielding country lanes because of the huge loads." + }, + { + "id": 20503, + "la": "De materia trientali scapos quattuor, duos transversarios interpositos, quanta longitudo scapi fuerit, complectet et conpeget et ferreos cnodacas uti subscudes in capitibus scaporum inplumbavit et armillas in materia ad cnodacas circumdandos infixit; item bucculis tigneis capita religavit; cnodaces autem in armillis inclusi liberam habuerunt versationem tantam; ita, cum boves ducerent subiuncti, scapi versando in cnodacibus et armillis sine fine volvebantur", + "en": "He framed together four wooden pieces of four-inch timbers: two of them being cross-pieces as long as the stone column. At each end of the column, he ran in iron pivots with lead, dovetailing them, and fixed sockets in the wood frame to receive the pivots, binding the ends with wood cheeks: thus the pivots fitted into the sockets and turned freely.4 Thus when oxen were yoked and drew the frame, the columns turned in the sockets with their pivots and revolved without hindrance." + }, + { + "id": 20504, + "la": "Cum autem scapos omnes ita vexerunt et instabant epistyliorum vecturae, filius Chersiphronos Metagenes transtulit ex scaporum vectura etiam in epistyliorum deductione", + "en": "Now when they had thus brought all the shafts, and set about bringing the architraves, Metagenes, the son of Chersiphron, applied the method of conveying the shafts to the transport of the lintels." + }, + { + "id": 20505, + "la": "Fecit enim rotas circiter pedum duodenm et epistyliorum capita in medias rotas inclusit; eadem ratione cnodaces et armillas in capitibus inclusit: ita cum trientes a bubus ducerentur, in armillis inclusi cnodaces versabant rotas, epistylia vero inclusa uti axes in rotis eadem ratione, qua scapi, sine mora ad opus pervenerunt", + "en": "For he made wheels about twelve feet in diameter, and fixed the ends of the architraves in the middle of the wheels. In the same way he fixed pivots and sockets at the ends of the architraves. Thus when the frames of four-inch timber were drawn by the oxen, the pivots moving in the sockets turned the wheels, while the architraves being enclosed like axles in the wheels (in the same way as the shafts) reached the building without delay." + }, + { + "id": 20506, + "la": "Exemplar autem erit eius, quemadmodum in palaestris cylindri exaequant ambulationes", + "en": "(A similar machine1 is used when rollers level the walks in the palaestrae.)" + }, + { + "id": 20507, + "la": "Neque hoc potuisset fieri, nisi primum propinquitas esset'non enim plus sunt ab lapidicinis ad fanum milia passuum octo'nec ullus est clivus sed perpetuus campus", + "en": "This expedient would not have been possible unless, to begin with, the distance had been short. It is not more than eight miles from the quarries to the temple, and there are no hills but an unbroken plain." + }, + { + "id": 20508, + "la": "Nostra vero memoria cum colossici Apollinis in fano basis esset a vetustate diffracta, et metuentes, ne cederet ea statua et frangeretur, locaverunt ex eisdem lapidicinis basim excidendam", + "en": "Within living memory, when the base of the colossal statue of Apollo in the temple had been cracked across by age, it was feared lest the statue should give way and be broken, and a contract was let out for cutting a base from the same quarries." + }, + { + "id": 20509, + "la": "Conduxit quidam Paconius", + "en": "A certain Paconius undertook the contract." + }, + { + "id": 20510, + "la": "Haec autem basis erat longa pedes duodecim, lata pedes viii, alta pedes sex", + "en": "The base was 12 feet long, 8 feet wide, 6 feet high." + }, + { + "id": 20511, + "la": "Quam Paconius gloria fretus non uti Metagenes adportavit, sed eadem ratione alio genere constituit machinam facere", + "en": "Paconius was so proud of his reputation that he did not convey it after the manner of Metagenes, but decided to construct a similar machine in another way." + }, + { + "id": 20512, + "la": "Rotas enim circiter pedum xv fecit et in his rotis capita lapidis inclusit, deinde circa lapidem fusos sextantales ab rota ad rotam ad circinum compegit, ita uti fusus a fuso non distaret pedem esse unum", + "en": "He made two wheels about 15 feet in diameter and in them he enclosed the ends of the stone. Next, he fixed two-inch pieces less than a foot apart round the stone lengthwise from wheel to wheel." + }, + { + "id": 20513, + "la": "Deinde circa fusos funem involvit et bubus iunctis funem ducebant", + "en": "Then he wound a rope outside the wood pieces and drew the rope with a yoke of oxen." + }, + { + "id": 20514, + "la": "Ita cum explicaretur, volvebat rotas, sed non poterat ad lineam via recta ducere, sed exibat in unampartem", + "en": "When the rope was pulled it caused the wheels to turn. However, he could not keep the machine straight along the road, but it kept swerving to one side." + }, + { + "id": 20515, + "la": "Ita necesse erat rursus retroducere", + "en": "Thus it was necessary to draw it back again." + }, + { + "id": 20516, + "la": "Sic Paconius ducendo et reducendo pecuniam contricavit, ut ad solvendum non esset", + "en": "So Paconius by drawing it backwards and forwards frittered2 his money away and went bankrupt." + }, + { + "id": 20517, + "la": "Pusillum extra progrediar et de his lapidicinis, quemadmodum sint inventae, exponam", + "en": "I will make a small digression, and describe how these quarries were discovered." + }, + { + "id": 20518, + "la": "Pixodarus fuerat pastor, Is in his locis versabatur", + "en": "Pixodarus was a shepherd who lived in this neighbourhood." + }, + { + "id": 20519, + "la": "Cum autem cives Ephesiorum cogitarent fanum Dianae ex marmore facere decernerentque, a Paro, Proconnenso, Heraclea, Thaso uti marmor peteretur, propulsis ovibus Pixodarus in eodem loco pecus pascebat, ibique duo arietes inter se concurrentes alius alium praeterierunt et impetu facto unus cornibus percussit saxum, ex quo crusta candidissimo colore fuerat deiecta", + "en": "Now when the citizens of Ephesus planned to build a temple of marble and decided to obtain marble from Paros, Proconnesus, Heraclea, and Thasos, Pixodarus was driving his sheep and was pasturing them in the same place. And there two rams, butting together, overran one another, and, in the rush, one of them struck a rock with his horns and a chip of the whitest3 colour was thrown down." + }, + { + "id": 20520, + "la": "Ita Pixodarus dicitur oves in montibus reliquisse et crustam cursim Ephesum, cum maxime de ea re ageretur, detulisse", + "en": "So Pixodarus is said to have left his sheep on the hills and to have run with the chip of marble to Ephesus at the time when there was a great discussion about the matter." + }, + { + "id": 20521, + "la": "Ita statim honores decreverunt ei et nomen mutaverunt: pro Pixodaro Euangelus nominaretur", + "en": "Thus the citizens decreed him divine honours4 and changed his name: instead of Pixodarus he was to be named Evangelus." + }, + { + "id": 20522, + "la": "Hodieque quotmensibus magistratus in eum locum proficiscitur et ei sacrificium facit, et si non fecerit, poena tenetur,", + "en": "And to this day every month the magistrate sets out to that place and sacrifices to Evangelus. If he omits to do so he is subject to a penalty." + }, + { + "id": 20523, + "la": "De tractoriis rationibus quae necessaria putavi, breviter exposui", + "en": "I have set forth briefly what I thought necessary about methods of Traction." + }, + { + "id": 20524, + "la": "Quorum motus et virtutes duae res diversae et inter se dissimiles uti congruentes uti principia pariunt eos perfectus: una porrecti, quam Graeci eutheiam vocitant, altera rutunditatis, quam Graeci cycloten appellant", + "en": "Of these, the effective movements5 are two distinct and unlike things, although they are co-operating principles in producing their results. There is the principle of the straight line (which the Greeks call eutheia); and that of the circle (which the Greeks call cyclotes)." + }, + { + "id": 20525, + "la": "Sed vero neque sine rutunditate motus porrecti nec sine porrecto rotationis versationes onerum possunt facere levationes", + "en": "But neither rectilinear motion without circular, nor rotating movements without rectilinear, can produce the raising of loads." + }, + { + "id": 20526, + "la": "Id autem ut intellegatur, exponam", + "en": "I will illustrate this so as to make it understood." + }, + { + "id": 20527, + "la": "Inducuntur uti centra axiculi in orbiculos et in trocleis conlocantur, per quos orbiculos funis circumactus directis ductionibus et in sucula conlocatus vectium versationibus onerum facit egressus in altum", + "en": "Axles are fixed as centres for the pulleys and fitted into blocks. The rope is taken round over the pulleys and drawn straight down; and being coiled round a windlass, when the levers are turned, causes the load to rise upwards." + }, + { + "id": 20528, + "la": "Cuius suculae cardines uti centra porrecti in cheloniis, foraminibusque eius vectes conclusi capitibus ad circinum circumactis torni ratione versando faciunt oneris elationes", + "en": "The pivots of the windlass being inserted, like centres, into the sockets, the levers are inserted into holes in the windlass, and their ends being pushed round in a circle and turning like a lathe, cause the movement upwards of the loads." + }, + { + "id": 20529, + "la": "Quemadmodum etiam ferreus vectis cum est admotus ad onus, quod manuum multitudo non potest movere, supposita uti centro citro porrecta pressione, quod Graeci hypomochlion appellant, et lingua sub onus subdita, caput eius unius hominis viribus pressum id onus extollit", + "en": "After the same fashion, when an iron lever1 is applied to a weight which a multitude of hands could not move, a fulcrum2 is placed under it on the nearer side as a centre (which the Greeks call hypomochlion). The short end of the lever is placed under the load, and the long end of the lever, when it is pressed down by one mans strength, raises the load." + }, + { + "id": 20530, + "la": "Id autem quod brevior pars prior vectis ab ea pressione, quod est centrum, subit sub onus, et quo longius ab eo centro distans caput eius deducitur", + "en": "Now this lifting is accomplished because the short end of the lever is under the weight, and is nearer to the fulcrum where is the centre of motion; and in so far as the head of the lever which is pressed down is further distant from the fulcrum." + }, + { + "id": 20531, + "la": "Per id faciundo motus circinationis cogit pressionibus examinare paucis manibus oneris maximi pondus", + "en": "When the lever is in action, the circular motion (i.e. of the lever)1 round the fulcrum causes the weight of a great load to be balanced by a few hands." + }, + { + "id": 20532, + "la": "Item si sub onus vectis ferrei lingula subiecta fuerit neque eius caput pressione in imum, sed adversus in altitudinem extolletur, lingula fulta in areae solo habebit eam pro onere, oneris autem ipsius angulum pro pressione", + "en": "Also if the short arm of an iron lever is put under the load, and the long arm is raised from the fulcrum upwards against the load, instead of downwards, the short arm resting upon the ground, will have that for a load, and the corner of the actual load for a fulcrum." + }, + { + "id": 20533, + "la": "Ita non tam faciliter quam per oppressionem, sed adversus nihilominus in pondus oneris erit exercitatum", + "en": "Thus'not so easily indeed as by pressing against the actual fulcrum'none the less by pressing against the weight of the load, the work will be done." + }, + { + "id": 20534, + "la": "Igitur si plus lingula vectis supra hypomochlion posita sub onus subierit et caput eius propius centrum pressiones habuerit, non poterit onus elevare, nisi, quemadmodum supra scriptum est, examinatio vectis longitudinis per caput neque ductionibus fuerit facta", + "en": "Therefore if the shorter end of the lever, being applied above the fulcrum, goes too far under the load, and the longer arm has the fulcrum too near the centre, it will not be able to raise the load, unless (as it has been written above) the long arm of the lever is balanced from the end, and not by pressing down the centre." + }, + { + "id": 20535, + "la": "Id autem ex trutinis, quae staterae dicuntur, licet considerare", + "en": "We can consider this in the case of steel-yards which are called staterae." + }, + { + "id": 20536, + "la": "Cum enim ansa propius caput, unde lancula pendet, ibi ut centrum est conlocata et aequipondium in alteram partem scapi, per puncta vagando quo longius aut etiam ad extremum perducitur, paulo et inpari pondere amplissimam pensionem parem perficit per scapi librationem, et examinatio longius ab centro recedens ita inbecillior", + "en": "For when the handle of suspension is placed like a centre, nearer the end of the beam from which the scale hangs, and the weight moves along the points marked on the other side of the centre, the further it is taken (or even to the end), with a small and unequal weight, it is made equal to a very large weight by bringing the beam to a level. The further the balancing weight retreats from the centre, to that extent may it be of slighter amount." + }, + { + "id": 20537, + "la": "Aequipondii brevitas maiorem vim ponderis momento deducens sine vehementia molliter ab imo susum versum egredi cogit futurum", + "en": "The small counter-weight brings down, as it moves, the more powerful weight, and causes it to rise gently and without violence up and down." + }, + { + "id": 20538, + "la": "Quemadmodum etiam navis onerariae maximae gubernator ansam gubernaculi tenens, qui oiax a Graecis appellatur, una manu momento per centrum ratione pressionibus artis agitans, versat eam amplissimis et inmanibus mercis et pinus ponderibus oneratam", + "en": "Just as also the steersman of a great merchant vessel holds the handle of the tiller (which is called oiax by the Greeks) with only one hand, and moves it skilfully round the centre where the fulcrum is tightly set, and guides the ship laden with an abundant or indeed enormous1 cargo of merchandise and timber." + }, + { + "id": 20539, + "la": "Eiusque vela cum sunt per altitudinem mediam mali pendentia, non potest habere navis celerem cursum, cum autem in summo cacumine antemnae subductae sunt, tunc vehementiore progreditur impetu, quod non proxime calcem mali, quod est loco centri, sed in summo longius et ab eo progressa recipiunt in se vela ventum", + "en": "Further, when the sails are only half-mast high, the ship cannot run swiftly; but when the yard-arms are drawn up to the tops of the masts, the ship sails with a more vehement course, because the sails take the wind, not near the foot of the mast (which is like a fulcrum), but at the mast-head from which the distance is greater." + }, + { + "id": 20540, + "la": "Itaque uti vectis sub onere subiectus, si per medium premitur, durior est neque incumbit, cum autem caput eius summum deducitur, faciliter onus extollit, similiter vela, cum sunt per medium temperata, minorem habent virtutem, quae autem in capite mali summo conlocantur discedentia longius a centro, non acriore sed eodem flatu, pressione cacuminis vehementius cogunt progredi navem", + "en": "Therefore just as when a lever is put under a load and pressed down about the middle, it is moved with difficulty, but when the longer arm is pressed down from the top, it easily raises the load; so when the sails are set half-mast high, they are less effective, but when they are set at the mast-head at a greater distance from the centre, without any further rising of the wind, with the summit as fulcrum, they cause the ship to sail a stronger course." + }, + { + "id": 20541, + "la": "Etiam remi circa scalmos strophis religati, cum manibus inpelluntur et reducuntur, extremis progredientibus a centro parmis maris undis spumam inpulsu vehementi protrudunt porrectam navem, secante prora liquoris raritatem", + "en": "When also the oars of a ship are tied to the tholes with loops, and pushed backwards and forwards, the ends of the blades,3 moving at a distance from the centre in the waves of the sea, drive the ship with a mighty impulse straight through the foam, as the bows cleave the yielding waters." + }, + { + "id": 20542, + "la": "Onerum vero maxima pondera, cum feruntur a phalangariis hexaphoris et tetraphoris, examinantur per ipsa media centra phalangarum, uti in diviso oneris solido pondere certa quadam divisionis ratione aequas partis collis singuli ferant operarii", + "en": "Again, when very heavy loads are carried by gangs of four or six porters, they are balanced exactly in the middle of the carrying-poles, so that the undivided solid weight is shared in a definite proportion, and each labourer carries an equal part of the load on his neck." + }, + { + "id": 20543, + "la": "Mediae enim partes phalangarum, quibus lora tetraphororum invehuntur, clavis sunt finitae, nec labuntur in unam partem", + "en": "For the middle parts of the carrying-poles, on which the straps of the porters are fixed, are provided with pegs so that the straps do not slip out of their place." + }, + { + "id": 20544, + "la": "Cum enim extra finem centri promoventur, premunt eum locum, ad quem propius accesserunt, quemadmodum in statera pondus, cum examine progreditur ad fines ponderationum", + "en": "For when the load slips away from the middle, it presses upon that side to which it is nearer, just as in the case of the weight on a balance when it is adjusted nearer one end of the beam." + }, + { + "id": 20545, + "la": "Eadem ratione iumenta, cum iuga eorum subiugiis loris per medium temperantur, aequaliter trahunt onera", + "en": "In the same way, yokes of oxen draw their loads evenly, when the yokes are arranged about the middle, by the thongs of the yoke-straps." + }, + { + "id": 20546, + "la": "Cum autem inpares sunt eorum virtutes et unum plus valendo premit alterum, loro traiecto fit una pars iugi longior, quae inbecilliori auxiliatur iumento", + "en": "But when the strength of the oxen is not equal, and one by its greater pull burdens the other, the thong is moved on so that one part of the yoke is longer so as to help the weaker beast." + }, + { + "id": 20547, + "la": "Ita in phalangis et iugis cum in medio lora non sunt conlocata sed in una parte, qua progreditur lorum ab medio, unam breviorem efficit partem longiorem", + "en": "Thus in the case of carrying-poles1 and yokes, when the suspending thong is not placed in the middle but on one side, where the thong departs from the middle, it renders one side shorter and the other longer." + }, + { + "id": 20548, + "la": "Ea ratione si per id centrum, quo loci perductum est lorum, utraque capita circumaguntur, longior pars ampliorem, brevior minorem agit circinationem", + "en": "By this means when the two arms of the yoke turn about the centre at which the thong is placed, the longer part describes a greater circle, the shorter arm a less." + }, + { + "id": 20549, + "la": "Quemadmodum vero minores rotae duriores et difficiliores habent motus, sic phalangae et iuga, in quibus partibus habent minora a centro ad capita intervalla, premunt duriter colla, quae autem longiora habent ab eodem centro spatia, levant oneribus et trahentes et ferentes", + "en": "Now just as smaller wheels are harder and more awkward to turn, so when carrying-poles and yokes have a less interval from the centre to the end of the arm, they press upon the neck, but those which have longer spaces from the same centre, ease off the load both in hauling and carrying." + }, + { + "id": 20550, + "la": "Cum haec ita ad centrum porrectionibus et circinationibus reciperent motos, tunc vero etiam plostra, raedae, tympana, rotae, cocleae, scorpionis, ballistae, prela ceteraeque machinae isdem rationibus per porrectum centrum et rotationem circini versantum faciunt ad pro-positum effectus", + "en": "Since in this way such contrivances take movements at a centre, both rectilinear and circular, so also waggons, carts, drum-wheels and other wheels, screws, scorpions, balistae, presses and other machines produce the desired effect with parts moving about a centre along a straight line1 and by a rotation round it." + }, + { + "id": 20551, + "la": "Nunc de organis, quae ad hauriendam aquam inventa sunt, quemadmodum variis generibus conparentur, exponam", + "en": "I will now explain the machines which have been invented for raising water and how they are contrived in their different kinds." + }, + { + "id": 20552, + "la": "Et primum dicam de tympano", + "en": "And first I will speak of the tympanum." + }, + { + "id": 20553, + "la": "Id autem non alte tollit aquam, sed exhaurit expeditissime multitudinem magnam", + "en": "Now this does not raise the water to a great height, but draws a large amount in a short time." + }, + { + "id": 20554, + "la": "Ad tornum aut circinum fabricatus capitibus lamna ferratis, habens in medio circa se tympanum ex tabulis inter se coagmentatis, conlocatur in stipitibus habentibus in se sub capita axis ferreas lamminas", + "en": "The axle is wrought in a lathe or made circular by hand and its ends are hooped with iron bands. Round the middle it has a drum of planks fitted together; and it is placed upon posts cased with iron, under the ends of the axle." + }, + { + "id": 20555, + "la": "In eius tympani cavo interponuntur octo tabulae transversae tangentes axem et extremam tympani circuitionem, quae dividunt aequalia in tympano spatia", + "en": "Within the drum are inserted eight cross-pieces going from the axle to the circumference of the drum, and these are arranged round the drum at equal intervals." + }, + { + "id": 20556, + "la": "Circa frontem eius figuntur tabulae, relictis semipedalibus aperturis ad aquam intra concipiendam", + "en": "Around the rim of the drum, boards are fixed with six-inch openings to receive the water." + }, + { + "id": 20557, + "la": "Item secundum axem columbaria fiunt excavata in singulis spatiis ex una parte", + "en": "Further, along the axle, holes are cut, one for each bay." + }, + { + "id": 20558, + "la": "Id autem cum est navali ratione picatum, hominibus calcantibus versatur et hauriendo per aperturas, quae sunt in frontibus tympani, reddit per columbaria secundum axem supposito labro ligneo habente una secum coniunctum canalem", + "en": "When it has been tarred ship-fashion, it is turned by men on a treadmill. The water which is drawn through the openings in the outside of the drum is delivered also through the holes next to the axle into a wooden basin having a trough connected with it." + }, + { + "id": 20559, + "la": "Ita hortis ad inrigandum vel ad salinas ad temperandum praebetur aquae multitudo", + "en": "Thus an abundant supply of water is furnished for irrigating gardens, or for diluting salt in salt pits." + }, + { + "id": 20560, + "la": "Cum autem altius extollendum erit, eadem ratio communicabitur", + "en": "When, however, the water is to be raised to a greater height, a similar method will be employed." + }, + { + "id": 20561, + "la": "Sic rota fiet circum axem eadem magnitudine, ut ad altitudinem, quae opus fuerit, convenire possit", + "en": "A wheel is so constructed round the axle of such a size as shall suit the height required." + }, + { + "id": 20562, + "la": "Circum extremum latus rotae figentur modioli quadrati pice et cera solidati", + "en": "Round the circumference of the wheel square buckets are to be fixed, made taut with pitch and wax." + }, + { + "id": 20563, + "la": "Ita cum roxa a calcantibus versabitur, modioli pleni ad summum elati rursus ad imum revertentes infundent in castellum ipsi per se quod extulerint", + "en": "Thus, when the wheel is turned by men treading it, the buckets are raised full to the top, and on their return down, pour into a conduit what they have raised." + }, + { + "id": 20564, + "la": "Sin autem magis altis locis erit praebendum, in eiusdem rotae axe involuta duplex ferrea catena demissaque ad imum libramentum conlocabitur, habens situlos pendentes aereos congiales", + "en": "But if a supply is required at a still greater height, a double iron chain is made to revolve on the axle of the same wheel and let down to the lower level, with bronze buckets suspended to the chain, each holding 3 quarts." + }, + { + "id": 20565, + "la": "Ita versatio rotae catenam in axem involvendo efferet situlos in summum, qui super axem pervehuntur, cogentur inverti et infundere in castellum aquae quod extulerint", + "en": "Thus the turning of the wheel makes the chain revolve round the axle, and carries the buckets to the top. These are carried over the axle; they are made to turn over and pour into the conduit the water they have raised." + }, + { + "id": 20566, + "la": "Fiunt etiam in fluminibus rotae eisdem rationibus, quibus supra scriptum est", + "en": "Wheels are used in rivers in the same way as described above." + }, + { + "id": 20567, + "la": "Circa earum frontes adfiguntur pinnae, quae, cum percutiuntur ab impetu fluminis, cogunt progredientes versari rotam, et ita modiolis haurientis et in summum referentes sine operarum calcatura ipsius fluminis inpulsu versatae praestant, quod opus est ad usum", + "en": "Round the outside, paddles are fixed, and these, when they are acted on by the current of the river, move on and cause the wheel to turn. In this fashion they draw up the water in buckets and carry it to the top without workmen to tread the wheel. Hence, being turned by the force of the river only, they supply what is required." + }, + { + "id": 20568, + "la": "Eadem ratione etiam versantur hydraletae, in quibus eadem sunt omnia, praeterquam quod in uno capite axis tympanum dentatum est inclusum", + "en": "Mill wheels are turned on the same principle, except that at one end of the axle a toothed drum is fixed." + }, + { + "id": 20569, + "la": "", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 20570, + "la": "Id autem ad perpendiculum conlocatum in cultrum versatur cum rota pariter", + "en": "This is placed vertically on its edge and turns with the wheel." + }, + { + "id": 20571, + "la": "Secundum id tympanum maius item dentatum planum est conlocatum, quo continetur", + "en": "Adjoining this larger wheel there is a second toothed wheel placed horizontally by which it is gripped." + }, + { + "id": 20572, + "la": "Ita dentes tympani eius, quod est in axe inclusum, inpellendo dentes tympani plani cogunt fieri molarum circinationem", + "en": "Thus the teeth of the drum which is on the axle, by driving the teeth of the horizontal drum, cause the grindstones to revolve." + }, + { + "id": 20573, + "la": "In qua machina inpendens infundibulum subministrat molis frumentum et eadem versatione subigitur farina", + "en": "In the machine a hopper is suspended and supplies the grain, and by the same revolution the flour is produced." + }, + { + "id": 20574, + "la": "Est autem etiam cocleae ratio, quae magnam vim haurit aquae, sed non tam alte tollit quam rota", + "en": "There is further an application of the screw which draws a large amount of water, but does not raise it as high as the wheel." + }, + { + "id": 20575, + "la": "Eius autem ratio sic expeditur", + "en": "The contrivance1 is as follows." + }, + { + "id": 20576, + "la": "Tignum sumitur, cuius tigni quanta rata est pedum longitudo, tanta digitorum expeditur crassitudo", + "en": "A beam is taken as many inches thick as it is feet long." + }, + { + "id": 20577, + "la": "Id ad circinum rutundatur", + "en": "This is rounded to an exact circle." + }, + { + "id": 20578, + "la": "In capitibus circino dividentur circumitiones eorum tetrantibus et octantibus in partes octo, eaeque lineae ita conlocentur, ut plano posito tigno utriusque capitis ad libellam lineae inter se respondeant, et quam magna pars sit octava circinationis tigni, tam magna spatia decidantur in longitudinem", + "en": "At the ends the circumference is to be divided by a compass into quadrants and eighths and so to eight parts; and the diagonals are to be so drawn that when the beam is horizontal the lines at either end correspond exactly. The whole length is to be marked off into spaces equal to one-eighth of the circumference." + }, + { + "id": 20579, + "la": "Item tigno plano conlocato lineae ab capite ad alterum caput perducantur ad libellam convenientes", + "en": "Again, the beam is to be laid level and lines are to be drawn from one end to the other guided by a level." + }, + { + "id": 20580, + "la": "Sic et in rotundatione et in longitudine aequalia spatia fient", + "en": "Thus there will be equal divisions both round the beam and along it." + }, + { + "id": 20581, + "la": "Ita quod loci describuntur lineae, quae sunt in longitudinem spectantes, facient decusationes et in decusationibus finita puncta", + "en": "Where the longitudinal lines are drawn, they will intersect the cross-lines, and these intersections are to be marked by points." + }, + { + "id": 20582, + "la": "His ita emendate descriptis sumitur salignea tenuis aut de vitice secta regula, quae uncta liquida pice figitur in primo decusis puncto", + "en": "When these points are accurately marked in this way, there is taken a thin strip of willow or osier and this being smeared with liquid pitch is fixed upon the first intersection." + }, + { + "id": 20583, + "la": "Deinde traicitur oblique ad insequentes longitudinis et circumitionis decusis, item ex ordine progrediens singula puncta praetereundo et circum involvendo conlocatur in singulis decusationibus, et ita pervenit et figitur ad eam lineam recedens a primo in octavum punctum, in qua prima pars est eius fixa", + "en": "Thence it is drawn across obliquely to the next intersections of the longitudinal and circular line. In like manner proceeding in due course it passes the successive points and winds round them, being fixed at the several intersections. Thus moving back from the first to the eighth point it reaches and is fixed on the line in which the first part of it was fixed." + }, + { + "id": 20584, + "la": "Eo modo quantum progreditur oblique spatium et per octo puncta, tantundem et longitudine procedit ad octavum punctum", + "en": "In this way, as far as it advances obliquely through eight points of the circumference, so far it proceeds longitudinally to the eighth point." + }, + { + "id": 20585, + "la": "Eadem ratione per omne spatium longitudinis et rutunditatis singulis decusationibus oblique fixae regulae per octo crassitudinis divisiones involutos faciunt canales et iustam cocleae naturalemque imitationem", + "en": "In the same manner, throughout the whole distance of the length and of the circumference, strips of wood are fixed obliquely at the several intersections and make channels which wind round through the eight divisions of the thickness: thus forming an accurate and natural imitation of a spiral shell." + }, + { + "id": 20586, + "la": "Ita per id vestigium aliae super alias figuntur unctae pice liquida, et exaggerantur ad id, uti longitudinis octava pars fiat summa crassitudo", + "en": "Then along this track, strips are fixed one above another and smeared with liquid pitch, and are piled up until the entire thickness is one-eighth the length." + }, + { + "id": 20587, + "la": "Supra eas circumdantur et figuntur tabulae, quae pertegant eam involutionem", + "en": "Above the strips, planks are placed all round and fixed to cover the winding strips." + }, + { + "id": 20588, + "la": "Tunc eae tabulae pice saturantur et lamminis ferreis conligantur, ut ab aquae vi ne dissolvantur", + "en": "Then the planks are soaked in pitch and bound together with iron hoops to protect them against the effect of the water." + }, + { + "id": 20589, + "la": "Capita tigni ferrea", + "en": "The ends of the wood are covered with iron." + }, + { + "id": 20590, + "la": "Dextra autem ac sinistra cocleam tigna conlocantur in capitibus utraque parte habentia transversaria confixa", + "en": "On the right and left of the screw, beams are placed at the ends, with cross-pieces placed on either side." + }, + { + "id": 20591, + "la": "In his foramina ferrea sunt inclusa inque ea inducuntur styli, et ita cocleae hominibus calcantibus faciunt versationes", + "en": "In these are iron sockets into which the pivots of the screws are inserted, and so the screws are made to turn by a treadmill." + }, + { + "id": 20592, + "la": "Erectio autem eius ad inclinationem sic erit conlocanda, uti, quemadmodum Pythagoricum trigonum orthogonium describitur, sic id habeat responsum, id est uti dividatur longitudo in partes v, earum trium extollatur caput cocleae; ita erit ab perpendiculo ad imas naris spatium earum partium iiii", + "en": "The fixing of the screw is to be done at such a slope that it corresponds to the manner in which the Pythagorean right-angled triangle is described1: that is, the length is to be divided into 5 parts of which the head of the screw is to be raised three. Thus there will be, between the perpendicular and the lower mouth, a length of 4 parts." + }, + { + "id": 20593, + "la": "Qua ratione autem oporteat id esse, in extremo libro eius forma descripta est in ipso tempore", + "en": "How this is to be done is shown by a diagram at the end2 of the book." + }, + { + "id": 20594, + "la": "Quae de materia fiunt organa ad hauriendam aquam, quibus rationibus perficiantur quibusque rebus motus recipientia praestent versationibus ad infinitas utilitates, ut essent notiora, quam apertissime potui, perscripta sunt in illo tempore", + "en": "And there I have displayed as clearly as I could for information the contrivances made of wood for drawing water, their construction and the means by which they are moved so as to furnish very great advantages." + }, + { + "id": 20595, + "la": "Insequitur nunc de Ctesibica machina, quae in altitudinem aquam educit, monstrare", + "en": "We next proceed to describe the Ctesibian machine4 which raises water to a height." + }, + { + "id": 20596, + "la": "Ea sit ex aere", + "en": "It is to be of bronze." + }, + { + "id": 20597, + "la": "Cuius in radicibus modioli fiunt gemelli paulum distantes, habentes fistulas furcillae figura similiter cohaerentes, in medium catinum concurrentes", + "en": "The lower part consists of two similar cylinders at a small distance apart, with outlet pipes. These pipes converge like the prongs of a fork, and meet in a vessel placed in the middle." + }, + { + "id": 20598, + "la": "In quo catino fiant asses in superioribus naribus fistularum coagmentatione subtili conlocati, qui praeobturantes foramina narium non patiuntur quod spiritu in catinum est expressum", + "en": "In this vessel valves are to be accurately fitted above the top openings of the pipes. And the valves by closing the mouths of the pipes retain what has been forced by air into the vessel." + }, + { + "id": 20599, + "la": "Supra catinum paenula ut infundibulum inversum est attemperata et per fibulam cum catino cuneo traiecto continetur, ne vis inflationis aquae eam cogat elevari", + "en": "Above the vessel, a cover like an inverted funnel is fitted and attached, by a pin well wedged, so that the force of the incoming water may not cause the cover to rise." + }, + { + "id": 20600, + "la": "Insuper fistula, quae tuba dicitur, coagmentata in altitudine fit erecta", + "en": "On the cover a pipe, which is called a trumpet, is jointed to it, and made vertical." + }, + { + "id": 20601, + "la": "Modioli autem habent infra nares inferiores fistularum asses interpositos supra foramina eorum, quae sunt in fundis", + "en": "The cylinders have, below the lower mouths of the pipes, valves inserted above the openings in their bases." + }, + { + "id": 20602, + "la": "Ita de supernis in modiolis emboli masculi torno politi et oleo subacti conclusique regulis et vectibus conmoliuntur", + "en": "Pistons are now inserted from above rounded on the lathe, and well oiled. Being thus enclosed in the cylinders, they are worked with piston rods and levers." + }, + { + "id": 20603, + "la": "Qui erit aer ibi cum aqua, assibus obturantibus foramina cogent", + "en": "The air and water in the cylinders, since the valves close the lower openings, the pistons drive onwards." + }, + { + "id": 20604, + "la": "Extrudent inflando pressionibus per fistularum nares aquam in catinum, e quo recipiens paenula spiritu exprimit per fistulam in altitudinem, et ita ex inferiore loco castello conlocato ad saliendum aqua subministratur", + "en": "By such inflation and the consequent pressure they force the water through the orifices of the pipes into the vessel. The funnel receives the water and forces it out by pneumatic pressure through a pipe. A reservoir is provided, and in this way water is supplied from below for fountains." + }, + { + "id": 20605, + "la": "Nec tamen haec sola ratio Ctesibii fertur exquisita, sed etiam plures et variis generibus ab eo liquore pressionibus coactae spiritus efferre ab natura mutuatos effectus ostendentur, uti merularum aquae motu voces atque angubatae, bibentiaque et eadem moventia sigilla ceteraque, quae delectationibus oculorum et aurium usu sensus eblandiantur", + "en": "Nor is this the only remarkable device of Ctesibius which is current. There are many others of various kinds which are driven by the pressure of water. The pneumatic pressure will be shown to produce effects borrowed from nature, both notes of blackbirds1 by the motion of water, and walking automata2; little figures which drink and move; and other things which flatter the pleasure of the eyes and the use of the ears." + }, + { + "id": 20606, + "la": "E quibus quae maxime utilia et necessaria iudicavi selegi, et in priore volumine de horologiis, in hoc de expressionibus aquae dicendum putavi", + "en": "Of these I have chosen those which I have judged most useful and serviceable. In the last book I spoke about clocks; in this we have had to deal with water-pumps." + }, + { + "id": 20607, + "la": "Reliqua, quae non sunt ad necessitatem sed ad deliciarum voluntatem, qui cupidiores erunt eius subtilitatis, ex ipsius Ctesibii commentariis poterunt invenire", + "en": "The other things which are not for service, but for the purpose of our delight, can be found in the commentaries of Ctesibius by those who have a special wish for such ingenuity." + }, + { + "id": 20608, + "la": "De hydraulicis autem, quas habeant ratiocinationes, quam brevissime proximeque attingere potero et scriptura consequi, non praetermittam", + "en": "On the principles of water organs,1 I cannot omit to touch as briefly and precisely as possible, and commit them to writing." + }, + { + "id": 20609, + "la": "De materia conpacta basi, ara in ea ex aere fabricata conlocatur", + "en": "A base is made of framed wood and a bronze vessel is placed upon it." + }, + { + "id": 20610, + "la": "Supra basim eriguntur regulae dextra ac sinistra scalari forma conpactae, quibus includuntur aerei modioli, fundulis ambulatilibus ex torno subtiliter subactis habentibus fixos in medio ferreos ancones et verticulis cum vectibus coniunctos, pellibusque lanatis involutis", + "en": "On the base, uprights are set up right and left, with rungs like a ladder. Between these, bronze cylinders are enclosed. Pistons which move up and down are accurately wrought on a lathe, and with iron piston rods fixed in the middle. These rods are joined by pins to the levers, and the pistons are covered with leather and wool." + }, + { + "id": 20611, + "la": "Item in summa planitia foramina circiter digitorum ternum", + "en": "Further, on the top surface of the cylinders are openings about three fingers broad." + }, + { + "id": 20612, + "la": "Quibus foraminibus proxime in verticulis conlocati aerei delphini pendentia habent catenis cymbala ex ore infra foramina modiolorum calata", + "en": "Adjoining the openings and placed on pins are bronze dolphins with valves hanging by chains from their mouths and secured below the openings of the cylinders." + }, + { + "id": 20613, + "la": "Intra aram, quod loci aqua sustinetur, inest pnigeus uti infundibulum inversum, quem subter taxilli alti circiter digitorum ternm suppositi librant spatium imum una inter labra pnigeos et arae fundum", + "en": "Within the chest where the water is stored there is an air-vessel, like a funnel inverted; beneath this, small blocks about three inches high are placed, and they keep even the lowest space between the lips of the air-vessel and the bottom of the chest." + }, + { + "id": 20614, + "la": "Supra autem cervicula eius coagmentata arcula sustinet caput machinae, qui graece canon musicus appellatur", + "en": "On the neck of the air-vessel a small box is constructed which carries the top of the instrument, which is called in Greek the canon musicus." + }, + { + "id": 20615, + "la": "In cuius longitudine canales, si tetrachordos est, fiunt quattuor, si hexachordos, sex, si octochordos, octo", + "en": "Along this there are four channels, if the instrument is tetrachord; six if it is hexachord; eight if it is octochord." + }, + { + "id": 20616, + "la": "Singulis autem canalibus singula epitonia sunt inclusa, manubriis ferreis conlocata", + "en": "In the several channels are single stopcocks fitted with an iron handle." + }, + { + "id": 20617, + "la": "Quae manubria, cum torquentur, ex arca patefaciunt nares in canales", + "en": "When the iron handle is turned, it opens an aperture from the chest into the channels." + }, + { + "id": 20618, + "la": "Ex canalibus autem canon habet ordinata in transverso foramina respondentia naribus, quae sunt in tabula summa, quae tabula graece pinax dicitur", + "en": "The canon has openings from the channels; and the openings are placed along the canon corresponding to the openings in the top board which, in Greek, is called the pinax." + }, + { + "id": 20619, + "la": "Inter tabulam et canona regulae sunt interpositae ad eundem modum foratae et oleo subactae, ut faciliter inpellantur et rursus introrsus reducantur, quae obturant ea foramina plinthidesque appellantur", + "en": "Between the pinax above and the canon below, bars are fixed with openings corresponding to those of the canon and the pinax. The bars are well oiled so that they easily pass backwards and forwards, closing and opening the holes in the channels. The bars are called plinthides." + }, + { + "id": 20620, + "la": "In quibus asses sunt ex torno subacti et ibi conlocati, qui, cum recipit arcula animam, spiritum non patientur obturantes foramina rursus redire", + "en": "Over these openings there are placed valves wrought on the lathe. These valves, when the chest is supplied with air, close the openings and do not allow the air to escape." + }, + { + "id": 20621, + "la": "Ita cum vectes extolluntur, ancones deducunt fundos modiolorum ad imum delphinique, qui sunt in verticulis inclusi, calantes in eos cymbala, aere implent spatia modiolorum, atque ancones extollentes fundos intra modiolos vehementi pulsus crebritate et obturantes foramina cymbalis superiora, aera, qui est ibi clusus, pressionibus coactum in fistulas cogunt, per quas in pnigea concurrit et per eius cervices in arcam", + "en": "Thus when the levers are raised, the piston rods draw down the pistons towards the bottom of the cylinder, and the dolphins working on pivots, releasing the valves in the cylinders, fill the cavity of the cylinders with air. Thereupon the piston rods raise the pistons within the cylinders with rapid and violent strokes and close the openings above, with the valves; the air in the cylinders is forced by the pumping into the pipes. Through these it rushes into the air-vessel and by the neck into the chest." + }, + { + "id": 20622, + "la": "Motione vero vectium vehementiore spiritus frequens compressus epitoniorum aperturis influit et replet animae canales", + "en": "By a stronger motion of the levers, the air is further compressed, flows in by the openings of the stopcocks and fills the channels with air." + }, + { + "id": 20623, + "la": "Itaque cum pinnae manibus tactae propellunt et reducunt continenter regulas alternis opturando foramina alternis aperiundo, e musicis artibus multiplicibus modulorum varietatibus sonantes excitant voces", + "en": "Therefore when the keys are touched by the hands, they forthwith move the sliding bars backwards and forwards, closing some holes and opening others. By the art of music,1 the notes of the organ are struck with manifold2 and varied modulation." + }, + { + "id": 20624, + "la": "Quantum potui niti, ut obscura res per scripturam dilucide pronuntiaretur, contendi, sed haec non est facilis ratio neque omnibus expedita ad intellegendum praeter eos, qui in his generibus habent exercitationem", + "en": "I have striven to the best of my ability to describe clearly in writing a complicated machine. The task is not an easy one, nor accessible to the general understanding, except for those who have experience in matters of this kind." + }, + { + "id": 20625, + "la": "Quodsi qui parum intellexerit ex scriptis, cum ipsam rem cognoscet, profecto inveniet curiose et subtiliter omnia ordinata", + "en": "Yet if anyone grasps them imperfectly from my writings, a knowledge of the instrument will disclose the ingenuity and precision of its design." + }, + { + "id": 20626, + "la": "IX Transfertur nunc cogitatio scripturae ad rationem non inutilem sed summa sollertia a maioribus traditam, qua in via raeda sedentes vel mari navigantes scire possimus, quot milia numero itineris fecerimus", + "en": "Our next specification concerns a contrivance not without its uses, which we owe to the great skill of our predecessors. By this contrivance, whether we travel on land in a four-wheeled carriage, or by sea in a ship, we can learn how many miles we have covered." + }, + { + "id": 20627, + "la": "Hoc autem erit sic", + "en": "It is as follows." + }, + { + "id": 20628, + "la": "Rotae, quae erunt in raeda, sint latae per medium diametrum pedum quaternum [et sextantes], ut, cum finitum locum habeat in se rota ab eoque incipiat progrediens in solo viae facere versationem, perveniendo ad eam finitionem, a qua coeperit versari, certum modum spatii habeat peractum pedes xii s", + "en": "The wheels of the carriage are to be 4 feet in diameter, and on one wheel a point is to be marked. When the wheel begins to move forward from this point and to revolve on the road surface, it will have completed a distance of 12 1/2 feet1 on arriving at the point from which it began its revolution." + }, + { + "id": 20629, + "la": "His ita praeparatis tunc in rotae modiolo ad partem interiorem tympanum stabiliter includatur habens extra frontem suae rutundationis extantem denticulum unum", + "en": "As the next step, let a drum be secured to the inner side of the hub of the wheel with one tooth projecting from its exterior circumference." + }, + { + "id": 20630, + "la": "Insuper autem ad capsum raedae loculamentum firmiter figatur habens tympanum versatile in cultro conlocatum et in axiculo conclusum, in cuius tympani frontem denticuli perficiantur aequaliter divisi numero quadringenti convenientes denticulos tympani inferioris", + "en": "Above this, in the body of the carriage, let a box be securely fixed with a drum revolving perpendicularly, and fastened to an axle. On the outside edge of the drum 400 teeth are to be set at equal intervals so as to meet the teeth on the lower drum." + }, + { + "id": 20631, + "la": "Praeterea superiori tympano ad latus figatur alter denticulus prominens extra dentes", + "en": "Further, at the side of the upper drum there is to be fixed a second tooth projecting beyond the other teeth." + }, + { + "id": 20632, + "la": "Super autem, planum eadem ratione dentatum inclusum in alterum loculamentum conlocetur, convenientibus dentibus denticulo, qui in secundi tympani latere fuerit fixus, in eoque tympano foraina fiant, quantum diurni itineris miliariorum numero cum raeda possit exire", + "en": "Now above there is to be placed a horizontal wheel toothed in the same manner, and enclosed in a similar case, with teeth which fit upon the single tooth which projects on the side of the second drum. In this drum openings are to be made equal in number to the miles which can be covered with the carriage in a day:" + }, + { + "id": 20633, + "la": "Minus plusve rem nihil inpedit", + "en": "whether the miles are more or less makes no difficulty." + }, + { + "id": 20634, + "la": "Et in his foraminibus omnibus calculi rotundi conlocentur, inque eius tympani theca, sive id loculamentum est, fiat foramen unum habens canaliculum, qua calculi, qui in eo tympano inpositi fuerint, cum ad eum locum venerint, in raedae capsum et vas aeneum, quod erit suppositum, singuli cadere possint", + "en": "In all these openings, round stones are to be placed, and in the lining of the drum there is to be one opening attached to a small channel, where the stones placed in the drum when they come to the corresponding place can fall one by one into the carriage body and a bronze vessel which is placed below." + }, + { + "id": 20635, + "la": "Ita cum rota progrediens secum agat tympanum imum et denticulum eius singulis versationibus tympani superioris denticulos inpulsu cogat praeterire, efficiet, cum cccc imum versatum fuerit, superius tympanum semel circumagatur et denticulus, qui est ad latus eius fixus, unum denticulum tympani plani producat", + "en": "Thus when the wheel moves forwards and carries with it the lowest drum, in a single revolution, the wheel causes its one tooth to strike in passing the teeth in the upper drum. The effect will be that when the lower drum has revolved 400 times, the upper drum will revolve once; and the tooth fixed on the side of the upper drum moves one tooth of the horizontal drum." + }, + { + "id": 20636, + "la": "Cum ergo cccc versationibus imi tympani semel superius versabitur, progressus efficiet spatia pedum milia quinque, id est passus mille", + "en": "Since, therefore, in 400 revolutions of the lower drum, the upper drum will revolve once, as it moves it will record thereby a distance of 5000 feet, that is, of 1000 paces." + }, + { + "id": 20637, + "la": "Ex eo quot calculi deciderint, sonando singula milia exisse monebunt", + "en": "Hence when a stone falls, it will announce by its sound the traversing of a single mile," + }, + { + "id": 20638, + "la": "Numerus vero calculorum ex imo collectus summa diurni miliariorum numerum indicabit", + "en": "and the number of the stones collected from below will indicate, by their total, the number of miles for the days journey." + }, + { + "id": 20639, + "la": "Navigationibus vero similiter paucis rebus commutatis eadem ratione efficiuntur", + "en": "With a few changes, a similar procedure is adopted for sea voyages." + }, + { + "id": 20640, + "la": "Namque traicitur per latera parietum axis habens extra navem prominentia capita, in quae includuntur rotae diametro pedum quaternm et s extantes habentes circa frontes adfixas pinnas aquam tangentes", + "en": "For an axle is passed through the sides of the hull, with ends projecting beyond the ship. On these axles are projecting wheels with diameters of 4 1/21 feet, having paddles round the edge which touch the water." + }, + { + "id": 20641, + "la": "Item medius axis in media navi tympanum cum uno denticulo extanti extra suam rutunditatem", + "en": "Also the middle of the axle in the middle of the ship has a drum with one tooth projecting beyond its circumference." + }, + { + "id": 20642, + "la": "Ad eum locum conlocatur loculamentum habens inclusum in se tympanum, peraequatis dentibus cccc convenientibus denticulo tympani, quod est in axe inclusum, praeterea ad latus adfixum extantem extra rotunditatem alterum dentem unum", + "en": "At this place a case is fixed with a drum enclosed within, having 400 teeth at equal intervals corresponding to the teeth of the drum which is fixed on the axle. In addition, another single tooth is fixed to the side of the drum and projects beyond it." + }, + { + "id": 20643, + "la": "Insuper in altero loculamento cum eo confixo inclusum tympanum planum ad eundem modum dentatum, quibus dentibus denticulus, qui est ad latus fixus tympano, quod est in cultro conlocatum, ut eos dentes, qui sunt plani tympani, singulis versationibus singulos dens inpellendo in orbem planum tympanum verset", + "en": "Above, and adjoining it, another case is fixed, which contains a horizontal wheel toothed in the same way. Answering to these teeth, there is the tooth which is fixed on the side of the vertical drum. This tooth at each revolution drives one of the teeth which belong to the horizontal drum and turns the horizontal drum round in a circle." + }, + { + "id": 20644, + "la": "In plano autem tympano foramina fiant, in quibus foraminibus conlocabuntur calculi rotundi", + "en": "Now in the horizontal drum, openings are to be made in which round stones are to be placed." + }, + { + "id": 20645, + "la": "In theca eius tympani, sive loculamentum est, unum foramen excavetur habens canaliculum, qua calculus liberatus ab obstantia cum ceciderit in vas aereum, sonitum significet", + "en": "One of these openings is to have a small channel adjoining it. Here when a stone can move without hindrance, it falls into the bronze vessel and announces this by a sound." + }, + { + "id": 20646, + "la": "Ita navis cum habuerit impetum aut remorum aut ventorum flatu, pinnae, quae erunt in rotis, tangentes aquam adversam vehementi retrorsus inpulsu coactae versabunt rotas; eae autem involvendo se agent axem, axis vero tympanum, cuius dens circumactus singulis versationibus singulos secundi tympani dentes inpellendo modicas efficit circuitiones", + "en": "When, therefore, the ship receives an impulse from the force of the oars or the sails, the paddles fixed to the wheels touch the water which meets them, and being urged by a strong backward impulse, turn the wheels. These in turn move the axle by their revolutions; and the axle moves the drum, the tooth of which being driven round, strikes at each revolution a single tooth of the second drum, and produces the corresponding rotations." + }, + { + "id": 20647, + "la": "Ita cum cccc ab pinnis rotae fuerint versatae, semel tympanum circumactum inpellet dente, qui est ad latus fixus, plani tympani dentem", + "en": "Thus when the wheels have been made to revolve 400 times by the paddles, the drum being once driven round will strike by the tooth placed on its side, a tooth in the horizontal drum." + }, + { + "id": 20648, + "la": "Igitur circuitio tympani plani quotienscumque ad foramen perducet calculos, emittet per canaliculum", + "en": "Therefore as often as the revolution of the horizontal drum brings the stones to the opening, it will let them drop through the small channel." + }, + { + "id": 20649, + "la": "Ita et sonitu et numero indicabit miliaria spatia navigationis", + "en": "And in this way, by the sound and number of the stones, it will indicate the miles traversed by the ship." + }, + { + "id": 20650, + "la": "Quae pacatis et sine metu temporibus ad utilitatem et delectationem paranda, quemadmodum debeant fieri, peregi esse futurum", + "en": "I have thus contrived the execution in proper form of the machines which may be carried out for useful purposes or for amusement in times of peace and tranquillity." + }, + { + "id": 20651, + "la": "Nunc vero quae ad praesidia periculi et necessita-tem salutis sunt inventa, id est scorpionum et ballistarum rationes, quibus symmetriis comparari possint, exponam", + "en": "We now turn to the inventions which serve both to protect against danger and to satisfy the needs of safety; I will set forth the construction of scorpions1 and balistae with the proportions on which they are based." + }, + { + "id": 20652, + "la": "Omnes proportiones eorum organorum ratiocinatorum ex proposita sagittae longitudine, quam id organum mittere debet, eiusque nonae partis fit foraminis in capitulis magnitudo, per quae tenduntur nervi torti, qui bracchia continere ipsm tamen debent", + "en": "All the dimensions2 of the machines as designed are given from the proposed length of the arrow which the machine is to let fly. The ninth part of this gives the size of the opening in the frame. Through these openings twisted cords are stretched,3 which are to hold back the arms of the catapults themselves." + }, + { + "id": 20653, + "la": "Eorum foraminum capituli deformatur altitudo et latitudo", + "en": "The height and breadth of the frame are fixed by the size of the holes." + }, + { + "id": 20654, + "la": "Tabulae, quae sunt in summo et in imo capituli, peritreta quae vocantur, fiant crassitudine unius foraminis, latitudine unius et eius dodrantis, in extremis foraminis unius et eius ", + "en": "The cross-pieces at the top and bottom of the frame are called peritreta4 and are to be one hole thick, and one and three-quarters wide; at the ends, one and a half." + }, + { + "id": 20655, + "la": "Parastaticae dextra ac sinistra praeter cardines altae foraminum iiii, crassae foraminum quinum; cardinis foraminis dimidi", + "en": "The side-pieces right and left (without the tenons) 4 holes high and five-eighths thick; the tenons half a hole." + }, + { + "id": 20656, + "la": "A parastatica ad foramen spatium foraminis , a foramine ad medianam parastaticam item foraminis", + "en": "The side-piece to the hole, half a hole; from the hole to the middle upright, also half a hole." + }, + { + "id": 20657, + "la": "Latitudo parastados mediae unius foraminis et eius, crassitudo foraminis unius", + "en": "The breadth of the middle upright one hole and a third, its thickness one hole." + }, + { + "id": 20658, + "la": "Intervallum, ubi sagitta conlocatur in media parastade, foraminis partis quartae", + "en": "The aperture where the arrow is placed in the middle upright is to be 1/4 of a hole." + }, + { + "id": 20659, + "la": "Anguli quattuor, qui sunt circa, in lateribus et frontibus lamnis ferreis aut stylis aereis et clavis configantur", + "en": "The four corners which are on the sides and fronts are to be fixed with iron bands, or with bronze pins and nails." + }, + { + "id": 20660, + "la": "Canaliculi, qui graece syrinx dicitur, longitudo foraminum xviiii", + "en": "The length of the channel (which in Greek is called syrinx) is to be of 19 holes;" + }, + { + "id": 20661, + "la": "Regularum, quas nonnulli bucculas appellant, quae dextra ac sinistra canalem figuntur, foraminum xviiii, altitudo foraminis unius et crassitudo", + "en": "of the strips (which some call cheeks) which are fixed right and left of the channel, the length is to be of 19 holes; their height and thickness, one hole." + }, + { + "id": 20662, + "la": "Et adfiguntur regulae duae, in quas inditur sucula, habentes longitudinem foraminum trium, latitudinem dimidium foraminis", + "en": "Two other strips into which the windlass1 is put are fixed, having a length of three holes and a width of half a hole." + }, + { + "id": 20663, + "la": "Haec his proportionibus aut adiectionibus aut detractionibus conparantur", + "en": "These proportions are attained in the work by additions or subtractions." + }, + { + "id": 20664, + "la": "Nam si capitula altiora, quam erit latitudo, facta fuerint, quae anatona dicuntur, de bracchiis demetur, ut, quo mollior est tonus propter altitudinem capituli, bracchii brevitas faciat plagam vehementiorem", + "en": "For if the frames are too high for the breadth and these are called anatona [or tightened up], something must be taken from the arms; so that the tension being relaxed, because of the height of the frame, the shortness of the arm may make the stroke more powerful." + }, + { + "id": 20665, + "la": " minus altum capitulum fuerit, quod catatonum dicitur, propter vehementiam bracchia paulo longiora constituentur, uti facile ducantur", + "en": "Let the frame be not so high and this is called catatonum,3 the arms will be made somewhat longer more effective so as to be easily pulled down." + }, + { + "id": 20666, + "la": "Namque quemadmodum vectis, cum est longitudine pedum quinque, quod onus iiii hominibus extollit, id, qui est x, duobus elevat, eodem modo bracchia, quo longiora sunt, mollius, quod breviora, durius ducuntur", + "en": "For just as when a lever five feet long raises a load with four labourers, that same load is raised by two labourers when the lever is 10 feet long; so the longer arms are pulled down more easily, the shorter arms with more difficulty." + }, + { + "id": 20667, + "la": "Catapultarum rationes, e quibus membris ex portionibus conponantur, dixi", + "en": "I have described the design of a catapult and the details which are combined in accordance with proportion." + }, + { + "id": 20668, + "la": "Ballistarum autem rationes variae sunt et differentes unius effectus causa conparatae", + "en": "The design of the balista varies and its differences are adjusted for the purpose of a single effect." + }, + { + "id": 20669, + "la": "Aliae enim vectibus suculis, nonnullae polyspastis, aliae ergastis, quaedam etiam tympanorum torquentur rationibus", + "en": "For some are worked by levers and windlasses, some by many pulleys, some by capstans, some by wheels." + }, + { + "id": 20670, + "la": "Sed tamen nulla ballista perficitur nisi ad propositam magnitudinem ponderis saxi, quod id organum mittere debet", + "en": "Yet all balistae are constructed with a view to the proposed amount of the weight of the stone which such a machine is to let fly." + }, + { + "id": 20671, + "la": "Igitur de ratione earum non est omnibus expeditum, nisi qui geometricis rationibus numeros et multiplicationes habent notas", + "en": "Therefore only those craftsmen can deal with the design who are familiar with the geometrical2 treatment of numbers and their multiples." + }, + { + "id": 20672, + "la": "Nam quae fiunt in capitibus foramina, per quorum spatia contenduntur capillo maxime muliebri vel nervo funes, magnitudine ponderis lapidis, quem debet ea ballista mittere, ex ratione gravitatis proportione sumuntur, quemadmodum catapultis de longitudinibus sagittarum", + "en": "For the holes which are made in the frames (through the openings of which ropes are stretched, made especially of womans hair or of the sinews of animals) are taken proportionately to the amount of the weight of the stone which the balista is to shoot, in accordance with gravity,3 just as in the case of catapults the length of the arrows furnishes the module." + }, + { + "id": 20673, + "la": "Itaque ut etiam qui geometrice non noverunt, habeant expeditum, ne in periculo bellico cogitationibus detineantur, quae ipse faciundo certa cognovi quaeque ex parte accepta praeceptoribus, finita exponam, et quibus rebus Graecorum pensiones ad modulos habeant rationem, ad eam ut etiam nostris ponderibus respondeant, tradam explicata", + "en": "Therefore in order that persons who are ignorant of geometry may be equipped and may not be delayed by calculation amid the perils of war, I will specify in accordance with my own knowledge gained in practice and also in accordance with the instructions of my teachers. Further, I will set forth in detail the manner in which the Greek weights are related to the modules, so that their relation may correspond to our weights." + }, + { + "id": 20674, + "la": "De ballistis et catapultis symmetrias, quas maxime expeditas putavi, exposui", + "en": "I have set forth the proportions which I thought most convenient for catapults and balistae." + }, + { + "id": 20675, + "la": "Quemadmodum autem contentionibus eae temperentur e nervo capilloque tortis rudentibus, quantum conprehendere scriptis potuero, non praetermittam", + "en": "I will now describe the way in which they are controlled by tension, with ropes twisted of sinews and human hair, as far as I can comprise it in writing." + }, + { + "id": 20676, + "la": "Sumuntur tigna amplissima longitudine; supra figuntur chelonia, in quibus cluduntur suculae", + "en": " beams of considerable length are taken; sockets are fixed on them in which windlasses are enclosed." + }, + { + "id": 20677, + "la": "Per media autem spatia tignorum insecantur exciduntur formae, in quibus excisionibus cluduntur capitula catapultarum, cuneisque distinentur, ne in contentionibus moveantur", + "en": "Now in the middle parts of the beams, rebates are cut and hollowed out. In these hollows, the frames of the catapults are fitted, and kept apart by wedges to prevent their moving when the ropes are stretched." + }, + { + "id": 20678, + "la": "Tum vero modioli aerei in ea capitula includuntur et in eos cuneoli ferrei, quas epizygidas Graeci vocant, conlocantur", + "en": "Next, bronze boxes1 are fitted into the frames, and iron pins are placed in them, which the Greeks call epizygides." + }, + { + "id": 20679, + "la": "Deinde ansae rudentum induntur per foramina capitulorum, in alteram partem traiciuntur, deinde in suculas coiciuntur involvuntur, uti vectibus per eas ext rudentes, cum manibus sunt tacti, aequalem in utroque sonitus habeant in responsum", + "en": "From these pins the ends of the ropes are passed through the holes of the frame and cross over to the other end. Thence they are taken and coiled round the windlass, so that when the ropes are stretched by the levers, and struck by hand, they may resound evenly on either side." + }, + { + "id": 20680, + "la": "Tunc autem cuneis ad foramina concluduntur, ut non possint se remittere", + "en": "Then they are secured by wedges at the holes so that they cannot become loose." + }, + { + "id": 20681, + "la": "Ita traiecti in alteram partem eadem ratione vectibus per suculas extenduntur, donec aequaliter sonent", + "en": "Passing to the other end, they are stretched on the windlasses by the levers until they give an equal note." + }, + { + "id": 20682, + "la": "Ita cuneorum conclusionibus ad sonitum musicis auditionibus catapultae temperantur", + "en": "So by the application of wedges, the catapults are tuned to the right note by a musical ear." + }, + { + "id": 20683, + "la": "De his rebus quae potui dixi", + "en": "On these matters I have said what I could." + }, + { + "id": 20684, + "la": "Restat mihi de oppugnatoriis rebus, quemadmodum machinationibus et duces victores et civitates defensae esse possint", + "en": "It remains to me, as I deal with sieges,3 to explain the machinery by the help of which generals may gain victories, and cities be defended." + }, + { + "id": 20685, + "la": "Primum ad oppugnationis aries sic inventus memoratur esse", + "en": "In the first place, the invention1 of the battering-ram for sieges is related in the following manner." + }, + { + "id": 20686, + "la": "Carthaginienses ad Gadis oppugnandas castra posuerunt", + "en": "The Carthaginians had pitched their camp for the siege of Cadiz." + }, + { + "id": 20687, + "la": "Cum autem castellum ante cepissent, id demoliri sunt conati", + "en": "Having already captured a fort, they set about demolishing it." + }, + { + "id": 20688, + "la": "Posteaquam non habuerunt ad demolitionem ferramenta, sumpserunt tignum idque manibus sustinentes capiteque eius summum murum continenter pulsantes summos lapidum ordines deiciebant, et ita gradatim ex ordine totam communitionem dissipaverunt", + "en": "Since they lacked iron tools for this purpose, they took a beam, and raising it by manual labour, they swung the end repeatedly against the top of the wall and brought down the top courses of the masonry. Thus they broke up the whole fortification little by little and in order." + }, + { + "id": 20689, + "la": "Postea quidam faber Tyrius nomine Pephrasmenos hac ratione et inventione inductus malo statuto ex eo alterum transversum uti trutinam suspendit et in reducendo et inpellendo vementibus plagis deiecit Gaditanorum murum", + "en": "Subsequently a Tyrian engineer2 named Pephrasmenos, following the method of this invention, set up a pole and from it suspended a crossbeam, like the beam of a balance. This he drew backward and thrust forward, and by its violent blows overthrew the walls of Cadiz." + }, + { + "id": 20690, + "la": "Ceras autem Carchedonius de materia primum basim subiectis rotis fecit supraque compegit arrectariis et iugis varas et in his suspendit arietem coriisque bubulis texit, uti tutiores essent, qui in ea machinatione ad pulsandum murum essent conlocati", + "en": "Ceras3 the Carthaginian first made a wooden platform4 with wheels underneath, upon which he constructed penthouses with uprights and cross-pieces. In these he suspended a ram which he protected with oxhides, for the greater safety of the mechanics who were posted there to attack the wall." + }, + { + "id": 20691, + "la": "Id autem, quod tardos conatus habuerat, testudinem arietariam appellare coepit", + "en": "The contrivance, because it moved slowly, he was the first to call the ram tortoise." + }, + { + "id": 20692, + "la": "His tunc primis gradibus positis ad id genus machinationis, postea cum Philippus, Amyntae filius, Byzantios oppugnaret, Polyidos Thettalos pluribus generibus et facilioribus explicavit, a quo receperunt doctrinam Diades et Charias, qui cum Alexandro militaverunt", + "en": "After these first steps had been taken towards this kind of machine, when Philip the son of Amyntas was besieging Byzantium, Polyidus a Thessalian made a variety of designs with easier construction; his method was continued by his pupils, Diades and Charias, who accompanied Alexander on his campaigns." + }, + { + "id": 20693, + "la": "Itaque Diades scriptis suis ostendit se invenisse turres ambulatorias, quas etiam dissolutas in exercitu circumferre solebat, praeterea terebram et ascendentem machinam, qua ad murum plano pede transitus esse posset, etiam corvum demolitorem, quem nonnulli gruem appellant", + "en": "Diades, then, in his books2 shows that he invented Movable Towers, the parts of which he used to assemble and carry round with the army; in addition to this, the Borer and the Climbing Machine by which a passage from the level up the wall was possible; further, the Grappling-hook for demolition which some call the Crane." + }, + { + "id": 20694, + "la": "Non minus utebatur ariete subrotato, cuius rationes scriptas reliquit", + "en": "Moreover, he used to employ a ram on wheels for which he left detailed descriptions." + }, + { + "id": 20695, + "la": "Turrem autem minimam ait oportere fieri ne minus altam cubitorum lx, latitudinem xvii, contracturam autem summam imae partis quintam, arrectaria in turris in imo dodrantalia, in summo semipedalia", + "en": "He says that the smallest tower should be 60 cubits high and 17 broad, and that it should be contracted at the top, by 1/5 of the width at the foot. The uprights for the towers should be 9 inches at the bottom and 6 inches at the top." + }, + { + "id": 20696, + "la": "Fieri autem ait oportere eam turrem tabulatorum decem, singulis partibus in ea fenestratis", + "en": "He says further that the tower should be ten stories high, with openings like windows on each side." + }, + { + "id": 20697, + "la": "Maiorem vero turrem altam cubitorum cxx, latam cubitorum xxiii, contracturam item quinta parte, arrectaria pedalia in imo, in summo sedigitalia", + "en": "The largest tower is to be 120 cubits high, 23 1/2 wide, the contraction at the top 1/5; the uprights one foot at the bottom, six inches at the top." + }, + { + "id": 20698, + "la": "Hanc magnitudinem turris faciebat tabulatorum xx, cum haberent singula tabulata circumitionem cubitorum ternum", + "en": "He used to construct this size of tower with 20 stories, and the several stories had a balcony three cubits wide." + }, + { + "id": 20699, + "la": "Tegebat autem coriis crudis, ut ab omni plaga essent tutae", + "en": "These he further covered with raw hides to preserve them from attack." + }, + { + "id": 20700, + "la": "Testudinis arietariae comparatio eadem ratione perficiebatur", + "en": "The construction of the Ram Tortoise was carried through with the same method." + }, + { + "id": 20701, + "la": "Habuerat autem intervallum xxxii, altitudinem praeter fastigium xvi, fastigii autem altitudo ab strato ad summum cubita xvi", + "en": "It had a breadth of 32 cubits, a height (not including the gable) of 16 cubits, and the height of the gable from the platform to the summit, of 16 cubits." + }, + { + "id": 20702, + "la": "Exibat autem in altum et supra medium tectum fastigium non minus cubita duo, et supra extollebatur turricula cubitorum quattuor, tabulatorum iii, quo tabulato summo statuebantur scorpionis et catapultae, inferioribus congerebatur aquae magna multitudo ad extinguendum, si qua vis ignis inmitteretur", + "en": "Now the gable rose up above the middle of the roof not less than 2 cubits. Above this there was raised a small tower 4 cubits wide, of 3 stories;1 in the top story of this there were placed scorpions and catapults,2 in the lower stories a large quantity of water was stored to extinguish whatever flames should be kindled." + }, + { + "id": 20703, + "la": "Constituebatur autem in eam arietaria machina, quae graece dicitur criodocis, in qua conlocabatur torus perfectus in torno, in quo insuper constitutus aries rudentium ductionibus et reductionibus efficiebat magnos operis effectus", + "en": "Now there was constructed in the tortoise a machine for the ram, which in Greek is called criodocis. In this was fixed a roller finished on the lathe, on which the ram was placed, and being drawn forwards and backwards by ropes, produced great effects." + }, + { + "id": 20704, + "la": "Tegebatur autem is coriis crudis quemadmodum turris", + "en": "This was covered with raw hides in the same way as the tower." + }, + { + "id": 20705, + "la": "De terebra has explicuit scriptis rationes", + "en": "The method of constructing the Borer he described as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 20706, + "la": "Ipsam machinam uti testudinem in medio habentem conlocatum in orthostatis canalem, quemadmodum in catapultis aut ballistis fieri solet, longitudine cubitorum l, altitudine cubiti, in quo constituebatur transversa sucula", + "en": "the machine itself was like the Tortoise, having, in the middle, a channel resting upon uprights (as is customary in catapults or balistas) 50 cubits long and a cubit high, on which there was placed a windlass crosswise." + }, + { + "id": 20707, + "la": "In capite autem dextra ac sinistra trocleae duae, per quas movebatur quod inerat in eo canali capite ferrato tignum", + "en": "At the front were two pulleys, right and left, by which the beam with its iron front3 was moved along the channel." + }, + { + "id": 20708, + "la": "Sub eo autem in ipso canali inclusi tori crebriter celeriores et vehementiores efficiebant eius motus", + "en": "Under the beam in the channel itself rollers were fixed at frequent intervals and rendered its movements quicker and more violent." + }, + { + "id": 20709, + "la": "Supra autem ad tignum, quod inibi erat, arcus tegebantur ad canalem crebriter, uti sustinerent corium crudum, quod ea machina erat involuta", + "en": "Above the beam thus placed arches were placed frequently along the channel to hold up the raw hide with which the machine was enveloped." + }, + { + "id": 20710, + "la": "De corace nihil putavit scribendum, quod animadverteret eam machinam nullam habere virtutem", + "en": "Diades did not think it necessary to write about the Grappling-hook because he perceived that the machine had no value." + }, + { + "id": 20711, + "la": "De accessu, quae epibathra graece dicitur, et de marinis machinationibus, quae per navium aditus habere posset, scripsit tantum; pollicitum esse vehementer animadverti neque rationes eorum eum explicavisse", + "en": "Concerning the Climbing Machine, which in Greek is called epibathra,1 and concerning the use, in naval engineering, of such a machine for boarding a ship, he just made mention. I noted especially that after making a promise he failed to explain their proportions." + }, + { + "id": 20712, + "la": "Quae sunt a Diade de machinis scripta, quibus sint conparationibus, exposui", + "en": "I have set forth2 the writings of Diades on the construction of machines." + }, + { + "id": 20713, + "la": "Nunc quemadmodum a praeceptoribus accepi et utilia mihi videntur, exponam", + "en": "I will now set forth what I myself was taught, so far as it is of use." + }, + { + "id": 20714, + "la": "Testudo, quae ad congestionem fossarum paratur (eaque etiam accessus ad murum potest habere), sic erit facienda", + "en": "The Tortoise which is applied to filling ditches3 (and it thus furnishes an approach to the wall of the besieged) is to be constructed as follows." + }, + { + "id": 20715, + "la": "Basis compingatur, quae graece eschara dicitur, quadrata habens quoque versus latera singula pedum xxi et transversaria iiii", + "en": "Let the base, which in Greek is called eschara, be made square, having on each side a length of 21 feet, with four cross-pieces." + }, + { + "id": 20716, + "la": "Haec autem contineantur ab alteris duobus crassis is, latis s; distent autem transversaria inter se circiter pedes iii s", + "en": "Now these are to be held together by two others 18 inches thick, and 6 inches broad. Let the cross-pieces be at intervals of 3 1/2 feet." + }, + { + "id": 20717, + "la": "Supponanturque in singulis intervallis eorum arbusculae, quae graece amaxopodes dicuntur, in quibus versantur rotarum axes conclusi lamnis ferreis", + "en": "Timbers are to be fixed underneath in their several intervals (these are called amaxopodes4 in Greek), in which the axles of the wheels turn, and are sheathed in iron plates." + }, + { + "id": 20718, + "la": "Eaeque arbusculae ita sint temperatae, ut habeant cardines et foramina, quo vectes traiecti versationes earum expediant, uti ante et post et ad dextrum seu sinistrum latus, sive oblique ad angulos opus fuerit, ad id per arbusculas versatis progredi possint", + "en": "And these timbers are to be constructed with pivots and holes whereby levers are passed through and cause them to turn, so that the machines can move front or back, right or left, or sideways as may be necessary, by the turning of the wheels by help of the timbers." + }, + { + "id": 20719, + "la": "Conlocentur autem insuper basim tigna duo in utramque partem proiecta pedes senos, quorum circa proiecturas figantur altera proiecta duo tigna ante frontes pedes xii, crassa et lata uti in basi sunt scripta", + "en": "Let two beams be laid on the base projecting 6 feet on either side, and on the projecting parts let there be fixed two other beams projecting in front 12 feet and with the thickness and breadth as desscribed for the base." + }, + { + "id": 20720, + "la": "Insuper hanc conpactionem exigantur postes compactiles praeter cardines pedum viiii, crassitudine quoquoversus palmopedales, intervalla habentes inter se sesquipedes", + "en": "On this frame let there be put up frame-posts 9 feet high not including the tenons, 15 inches square and 18 inches apart." + }, + { + "id": 20721, + "la": "Ea concludantur superne intercardinatis trabibus", + "en": "Let these be joined above by beams mortised together." + }, + { + "id": 20722, + "la": "Supra trabes conlocentur capreoli cardinibus alius in alium conclusi, in altitudine excitati pedes viiii", + "en": "Above the beams let there be fixed rafters locked in one another by tenons and rising to a height of 9 feet." + }, + { + "id": 20723, + "la": "Supra capreolos conlocetur quadratum tignum, quo capreoli coniungantur", + "en": "Above the rafters is a squared ridge-piece by which they are to be joined together." + }, + { + "id": 20724, + "la": "Ipsi autem laterariis circa fixis contineantur teganturque tabulis maxime prinis, si non, ex cetera materia, quae maxime habere potest virtutem, praeter pinum aut alnum; haec enim sunt fragilia et faciliter recipiunt ignem", + "en": "Further, they are to be held together by purlins and covered by planks, best if of holm-oak, otherwise of wood which is very strong, but not of pine or alder; for these are brittle and inflammable." + }, + { + "id": 20725, + "la": "Circum tabulata conlocentur crates ex tenuibus virgis creberrime textae maximeque recentibus", + "en": "Around the framework are to be placed wattles, closely interwoven, of thin twigs which are to be as green as possible." + }, + { + "id": 20726, + "la": "Percrudis coriis duplicibus consutis, fartis alga aut paleis in aceto maceratis, circa tegatur machina tota", + "en": "The whole machine is to be covered1 with double oxhide very raw sewn together and filled in with sea-weed or straw which is soaked in vinegar." + }, + { + "id": 20727, + "la": "Ita ab his reicientur plagae ballistarum et impetus incendiorum", + "en": "For by these expedients the shots of the balistae and the danger of fire will be repelled." + }, + { + "id": 20728, + "la": "Est autem et aliud genus testudinis, quod reliqua omnia habet, quemadmodum quae supra scripta sunt, praeter capreolos, sed habet circa pluteum et pinnas ex tabulis et superne subgrundas proclinatas, supraque tabulis et coriis firmiter fixis continentur", + "en": "There is also another kind of tortoise which has everything in the manner above described except the rafters. Instead it has a parapet and battlements made of boards with sloping eaves above; these are held together by boards and skins securely fixed." + }, + { + "id": 20729, + "la": "Insuper vero argilla cum capillo subacta ad eam crassitudinem inducatur, ut ignis omnino non possit ei machinae nocere", + "en": "Over these clay kneaded with hair is applied to such a thickness that fire cannot damage the machine." + }, + { + "id": 20730, + "la": "Possunt autem, si opus fuerit, eae machinae ex viii rotis esse, sed ad loci naturam ita opus fuerit temperare", + "en": "If it is required, these machines can be on eight wheels; but it will be necessary to adjust them to the lie of the ground." + }, + { + "id": 20731, + "la": "Quae autem testudines ad fodiendum comparantur (orynges graece dicuntur), cetera omnia habent, uti supra scriptum est, frontes vero earum fiunt quemadmodum anguli trigoniorum, uti a muro tela cum in eas mittantur, non planis frontibus excipiant plagas sed ab lateribus labentes, sine periculoque fodientes, qui intus sunt, intuentur", + "en": "Now the tortoises which are designed for digging (in Greek they are called orynges1) follow the description in every respect but that their fronts are made like the angles of triangles, so that when arrows are shot against them from the walls the blows which they receive do not fall upon a plane surface, but slip along the sides, and the men within are protected2 and dig without danger." + }, + { + "id": 20732, + "la": "Non mihi etiam videtur esse alienum de testudine, quam Hagetor Byzantius fecit, quibus rationibus sit facta, exponere", + "en": "It now seems appropriate to explain the methods which Hagetor3 of Byzantium used for his tortoise." + }, + { + "id": 20733, + "la": "Fuerat enim eius baseos longitudo pedum lx, latitudo xiii", + "en": "The length of the base was 60 feet, the breadth 13." + }, + { + "id": 20734, + "la": "Arrectaria, quae supra compactionem erant quattuor conlocata, ex binis tignis fuerant compacta, in altitudinibus singulo pedum xxxvi, crassitudine palmopedali, latitudine sesquipedali", + "en": "The uprights which were set up on the frame, four in number, were each made of two timbers, of a height for each of 36 feet, and 15 inches broad with a thickness of 18 inches." + }, + { + "id": 20735, + "la": "Basis eius habuerat rotas viii, quibus agebatur", + "en": "The base had eight wheels on which it moved." + }, + { + "id": 20736, + "la": "Eae in arbusculis, sive amaxopodes dicuntur, habuerant versationes", + "en": "They revolved in blocks (or as they are called amaxopodes)." + }, + { + "id": 20737, + "la": "Item fixa habuerant lateraria in transverso, quibus insuper contabulatio circumdata contegebat inferiora", + "en": "They had side-pieces placed obliquely on which boarding was carried to protect the lower parts." + }, + { + "id": 20738, + "la": "Habuerat autem mediam contabulationem supra trabiculas, ubi scorpiones et catapultae conlocabantur", + "en": "The machine had in the middle aisle a floor upon joists, where the scorpions and catapults were placed." + }, + { + "id": 20739, + "la": "Quo insuper conlocata erat alternis materies inter scapos et transversarium traiecta e chelons et anconibus firmiter inclusa", + "en": "Above this, between the uprights and the cross-piece, a wooden frame was placed consisting of blocks and firmly held by clamps." + }, + { + "id": 20740, + "la": "In ea materia fuerunt ex torno facti axiculi duo, e quibus funes alligati retinebant arietem", + "en": "In this frame two axles turned on the lathe were placed, and the ram was controlled by ropes attached to the axles." + }, + { + "id": 20741, + "la": "Supra caput eorum, qui continebant arietem, conlocatum erat pluteum turriculae similitudine ornatum, uti sine periculo duo milites tuto stantes prospicere possent et renuntiare, quas res adversarii conarentur", + "en": "Above the heads of those who worked the ram, a shelter was placed built after the fashion of a turret, so that the two soldiers standing in safety could look out and report the movements of the enemy." + }, + { + "id": 20742, + "la": "Aries autem eius habuerat longitudinem pedum civ, latitudine in imo palmopedali, crassitudine pedali, contractum capite in latitudine pes, crassitudine s", + "en": "The ram was 1041 feet long, with a breadth in the lower part of 15 inches, and a foot thick; tapering towards the head to a foot in width2 and a thickness of 9 inches." + }, + { + "id": 20743, + "la": "Is autem aries habuerat de ferro duro rostrum, ita uti naves longae solent habere, et ex ipso rostro lamminae ferreae iiii circiter pedum xv fixae fuerant in materia", + "en": "Now the ram had a beak of hardened iron like those of ships of war, and from it four iron plates, 15 feet long, were fixed to the timber." + }, + { + "id": 20744, + "la": "A capite autem ad imam calcem tigni contenti fuerunt funes iii crassitudine digitorum viii, ita religati, quemadmodum navis a puppi ad proram continentur, eique funes praecinctura e transversis erant religati habentes inter se palmipedalia spatia", + "en": "From the head to the butt of the ram three ropes were stretched 6 inches thick bound to the ends of the ram in the same way as ships3 are held together from the stern to the bows, and these ropes were wound round obliquely, at intervals of 15 inches by another rope which encircled them." + }, + { + "id": 20745, + "la": "Insuper coriis crudis totus aries erat involutus", + "en": "The whole ram was enveloped with raw skins above the ropes." + }, + { + "id": 20746, + "la": "Ex quibus autem funibus pendebat, eorum capita fuerunt ex ferro factae quadruplices catenae, et ipsae coriis crudis erant involutae", + "en": "The ends of the ropes by which it hung were made of quadruple iron chains, and they also were wrapped in raw skins." + }, + { + "id": 20747, + "la": "Item habuerat protectura eius ex tabulis arcam conpactam et confixam, in qua rete rudentibus maioribus extentis, per quarum asperitates non labentibus pedibus, faciliter ad murum perveniebatur", + "en": "The shelter4 attached to the ram had a casing made of planks securely fixed, by which when a net of great ropes was stretched (over the roughness of which the feet were kept from slipping) there was an easy access to the wall." + }, + { + "id": 20748, + "la": "Atque ea machina sex modis movebatur: progresso, item latere dextra et sinistra, porrectiones non minus in altitudinem extollebantur et in imum inclinatione dimittebantur", + "en": "The whole machine could be moved in six5 ways: in a straight line; right and left. Moreover, the thrust of the machine was directed upwards and let fall at an angle." + }, + { + "id": 20749, + "la": "Erigebatur autem machina in altitudinem ad disiciendum murum circiter p c item a latere dextra ac sinistra procurrendo praestringebat non minus p.c", + "en": "Now the machine could be raised upwards to demolish the wall to about 100 feet; and by its lateral movements, right and left, it could strike at a length of not less than 1006 feet." + }, + { + "id": 20750, + "la": "Gubernabant eam homines c habentem pondus talentm quattuor milium, quod fit pondo", + "en": "It had a weight of 4000 talents (which makes 480,000 pounds) and was controlled by 100 men." + }, + { + "id": 20751, + "la": "De scorpionibus et catapultis et ballistis etiamque testudinibus et turribus, quae maxime mihi videbantur idonea et a quibus essent inventa et quemadmodum fieri deberent, explicui", + "en": "With reference to scorpions and catapults and balistae, and also tortoises and towers, I have explained the details which seemed to me most suitable, stating the names of their inventors, and how they should be constructed." + }, + { + "id": 20752, + "la": "Scalarum autem et carchesiorum et eorum, quorum rationes sunt inbecilliores, non necesse habui scribere", + "en": "But I did not hold it necessary to write about ladders, cranes, etc., of which the principles are simpler." + }, + { + "id": 20753, + "la": "Haec etiam milites per se solent facere", + "en": "For the troops are accustomed to make these of themselves." + }, + { + "id": 20754, + "la": "Neque ea ipsa omnibus locis neque eisdem rationibus possunt utilia esse, quod differentes sunt munitiones munitionibus nationumque fortitudines", + "en": "And the measures to be taken cannot be used to advantage in the same way in all places. For there are differences between one mode of fortification and another, and in the military spirit of nations." + }, + { + "id": 20755, + "la": "Namque alia ratione ad audaces et temerarios, alia ad diligentes, aliter ad timidos machinationes debent conparari", + "en": "Thus military engines should be provided in one manner against a bold and rash enemy, in another manner against a watchful enemy, and differently against the pusillanimous." + }, + { + "id": 20756, + "la": "Itaque his praescriptionibus si qui adtendere voluerit ex varietate eorum eligendo in unam conparationem conferre, non indigebit auxiliis, sed quascumque res ex rationibus aut locis opus fuerit, sine dubitatione poterit explicare", + "en": "Therefore whoever will attend to these instructions so as to choose from their variety and combine in one provision, will not lack assistance, but will be able to set forth with assurance whatever is necessary to suit occasion and place." + }, + { + "id": 20757, + "la": "De repugnatoriis vero non est scriptis explicandum", + "en": "Measures of defence, however, are not to be prescribed." + }, + { + "id": 20758, + "la": "Non enim ad nostra scripta hostes conparant res oppugnatorias, sed machinationes eorum ex tempore sollerti consiliorum celeritate sine machinis saepius evertuntur", + "en": "For the enemy does not enter on a siege in order to follow our precedents, and his engineering is more often baulked on the spur of the moment by swift and inventive tactics." + }, + { + "id": 20759, + "la": "Quod etiam Rhodiensibus memoratur usu venisse", + "en": "And this, it is recorded, happened to the Rhodians." + }, + { + "id": 20760, + "la": "Diognetus enim fuerat Rhodius architectus, et ei de publico quotannis certa merces pro arti tribuebatur ad honorem", + "en": "Diognetus was an architect of Rhodes, and received from the state1 a fixed salary proportionate to his professional skill and as an honorarium." + }, + { + "id": 20761, + "la": "Eo tempore quidam architectus ab Arado nomine Callias Rhodum cum venisset, acroasin fecit exemplaque protulit muri et supra id machinam in carchesio versatili constituit, qua helepolim ad moenia adcedentem corripuit et transtulit intra murum", + "en": "In his time a certain architect from Aradus, Callias by name, came to Rhodes and gave a public lecture, at which he displayed the drawings of a city wall, and thereupon he set up a machine with a revolving crane which seized a siege engine2 as it approached the ramparts, and removed it within the city." + }, + { + "id": 20762, + "la": "Hoc exemplar Rhodii cum vidissent, admirati ademerunt Diogneto, quod fuerat quotannis constitutum, et eum honorem ad Calliam transtulerunt", + "en": "When the Rhodians saw the design, they admired it, and withdrew the appointed salary from Diognetus and gave the post to Callias." + }, + { + "id": 20763, + "la": "Interea rex Demetrius, qui propter animi pertinaciam Poliorcetes est appellatus, contra Rhodum bellum conparando Epimachum Atheniensem nobilem architectum secum adduxit", + "en": "Meanwhile King Demetrius, who on account of his stubbornness of mind was named the Besieger, prepared for war3 against Rhodes and brought with him Epimachus, a famous architect of Athens." + }, + { + "id": 20764, + "la": "Is autem comparavit helepolim sumptibus inmanibus industria laboreque summo, cuius altitudo fuerat p cxxv, latitudo pedum lx", + "en": "And he produced an elaborate siege engine at immense cost both in money and labour. Its height was 125 feet, and its breadth 60," + }, + { + "id": 20765, + "la": "Ita eam ciliciis et coriis crudis confirmavit, ut posset pati plagam lapidis ballista inmissi p ccclx; ipsa autem machina fuerat milia p ccclx", + "en": "and it was so secured with goatskins and undressed oxhide that it could withstand the blow of a stone weighing 360 pounds, hurled by a balista. The engine itself was 360,000 pounds in weight." + }, + { + "id": 20766, + "la": "Cum autem Callias rogaretur ab Rhodiis, contra eam helepolim machinam pararet, ut illam, uti pollicitus erat, transferret intra murum, negavit posse", + "en": "But when Callias was asked by the Rhodians to construct a machine to countervail the City-taker and bring it within the walls as he had promised, he said he could not." + }, + { + "id": 20767, + "la": "Non enim omnia eisdem rationibus agi possunt, sed sunt alia, quae exemplaribus non magnis similiter magna facta habent effectus; alia autem exemplaria non possunt habere, sed per se constituuntur; nonnulla vero sunt, quae in exemplaribus videntur veri similia, cum autem crescere coeperunt, dilabantur", + "en": "For not everything can be done by a single method; there are some things which, done on a large scale, produce effects corresponding to those instances which are done on a small scale, there are other things which cannot follow precedents, but are determined to their own results; but there are some1 which are promising in sample, but collapse when they begin to increase in scale," + }, + { + "id": 20768, + "la": "Ut etiam possumus hic animum advertere", + "en": "as we can perceive from this case:" + }, + { + "id": 20769, + "la": "Terebratur terebra foramen semidigitale, digitale, sesquidigitale", + "en": "a hole is bored by an auger, half an inch, an inch, 1 1/2 inches in diameter;" + }, + { + "id": 20770, + "la": "Si eadem ratione voluerimus palmare facere, non habet explicationem, semipedale autem maius ne cogitandum quidem videtur omnino", + "en": "if we wish in the same way to bore a hole 3 inches wide, our method does not apply; for a hole of 6 inches or more, the notion seems generally inconceivable." + }, + { + "id": 20771, + "la": "Sic item in nonnullis exemplaribus videntur, quae ad modum in minimis fieri videntur, atque eodem modo in maioribus", + "en": "Thus also there are things which seem to be done exactly on a smaller scale, and in the same way on a larger scale." + }, + { + "id": 20772, + "la": "Id eodem modo Rhodii eadem ratione decepti iniuriam cum contumelia Diogneto fecerunt", + "en": "By the same rule and the same principle the Rhodians, deceived herein, inflicted injury with violence2 on Diognetus." + }, + { + "id": 20773, + "la": "Itaque posteaquam viderunt hostem pertinaciter infestum, periculum servitutis, machinationem ad capiendam urbem conparatam, vastitatem civitatis expectandam, procubuerunt Diogneto rogantes, ut auxiliaretur patriae", + "en": "Therefore when they saw the stubborn enemy in the field against them, the danger of enslavement, the engine designed to take their city, the impending desolation of the state, they fell at the feet of Diognetus and implored him to come to the rescue of his native city." + }, + { + "id": 20774, + "la": "Is primo negavit se facturum", + "en": "First he gave a refusal." + }, + { + "id": 20775, + "la": "Posteaquam ingenuae virgines et ephebi cum sacerdotibus venerunt ad deprecandum, tunc est pollicitus his legibus, uti, si eam machinam cepisset, sua esset", + "en": "Afterwards, when girls and youths of noble birth came along with the priests to intercede, he promised to help on the terms that if he captured the siege engine, it should be his own." + }, + { + "id": 20776, + "la": "Is ita constitutis, qua machina accessura erat, ea regione murum pertudit et iussit omnes publice et privatim quod quisque habuisset aquae, stercoris, luti per eam fenestram per canales progredientes effundere ante murum", + "en": "This was settled. He made a breach in the ramparts where the machine was to come, and ordered everyone publicly and in private to collect water, sewage and mud and, coming forth, to pour it along channels through the breach in front of the rampart." + }, + { + "id": 20777, + "la": "Cum ibi magna vis aquae, luti, stercoris nocte profusa fuisset, postero die helepolis accedens, antequam adpropinquaret ad murum, in umido voragine facta consedit nec progredi nec egredi postea potuit", + "en": "After a great amount of water, mud, sewage, had been poured down overnight, the next day the siege engine came along; and before it drew up to the wall, it was engulfed in the wet ground and stuck nor could it get on or get out." + }, + { + "id": 20778, + "la": "Itaque Demetrius, cum vidisset sapientia Diogneti se deceptum esse, cum classe sua discessit", + "en": "Thereupon Demetrius perceived that he had been tricked by the skill of Diognetus, and sailed away with his fleet." + }, + { + "id": 20779, + "la": "Tunc Rhodii Diogneti sollertia liberati bello publice gratias egerunt honoribusque omnibus eum et ornamentis exornaverunt", + "en": "The Rhodians, therefore, being freed from their enemy by the artifice of Diognetus, gave him public thanks and decorated him with every honour and distinction." + }, + { + "id": 20780, + "la": "Diognetus eam helepolim reduxit in urbem et in publico conlocavit et inscripsit Diognetus e manubiis id populo dedit munus", + "en": "Diognetus brought the siege engine into the city, set it up in a public place with the inscription: Diognetus Dedicated this to the People from the Spoils of War." + }, + { + "id": 20781, + "la": "Ita in repugnatoriis rebus non tantum machinae, sed etiam maxime consilia sunt comparanda", + "en": "In defence therefore not only machines but, far more, are stratagems to be devised." + }, + { + "id": 20782, + "la": "Non minus Chio cum supra naves sambucarum machinas hostes conparavissent, noctu Chii terram, harenam, lapides progesserunt in mare ante murum", + "en": "At Chios also, when the enemy had constructed storming-bridges1 on board ship, the Chians overnight heaped up earth, sand, stones into the sea before the walls." + }, + { + "id": 20783, + "la": "Ita illi postero die cum accedere voluissent, naves supra aggerationem, quae fuerat sub aqua, sederunt nec ad murum accedere nec retrorsus se recipere potuerunt, sed ibi malleolis confixae incendio sunt conflagratae", + "en": "Thus when the enemy next day wished to draw near, their ships grounded on the heaped material which was under water. The ships could neither approach the wall nor draw backwards, but being pierced by burning missiles, they were set ablaze and consumed on the spot." + }, + { + "id": 20784, + "la": "Apollonia quoque cum circumsederetur et specus hostes fodiendo cogitarent sine suspicione intra moenia penetrare, id autem a speculatoribus esset Apolloniatibus renuntiatum, perturbati nuntio propter timorem consiliis indigentes animis deficiebant, quod neque tempus neque certum locum scire poterant, quo emersum facturi fuissent hostes", + "en": "Again, when Apollonia3 was besieged, and the enemy designed by digging tunnels to penetrate unsuspected within the walls, this was reported by spies to the citizens of Apollonia. They were panic-stricken at the news and their spirits failed them in their lack of resource. For they could not know the time or the place for certain where the enemy were likely to emerge." + }, + { + "id": 20785, + "la": "Tum vero Trypho Alexandrinus ibi fuerat architectus; intra murum plures specus designavit et fodiendo terram progrediebatur extra murum dumtaxat extra sagittae missionem et in omnibus vasa aenea suspendit", + "en": "But at that time Trypho of Alexandria was the architect in charge. Within the walls he planned tunnels and, removing the soil, advanced beyond the wall the distance of a bowshot. Everywhere he hung bronze vessels." + }, + { + "id": 20786, + "la": "Ex his in una fossura, quae contra hostium specus fuerat, vasa pendentia ad plagas ferramentorum sonare coeperunt", + "en": "Hence in one excavation which was over against the tunnel of the enemy, the hanging vases began to vibrate in response to the blows of the iron tools." + }, + { + "id": 20787, + "la": "Ita ex eo intellectum est, qua regione adversarii specus agentes intra penetrare cogitabant", + "en": "Hereby it was perceived in what quarter their adversaries purposed to make an entrance with their tunnel." + }, + { + "id": 20788, + "la": "Sic liniatione cognita temperavit aenea aquae ferventis et picis de superne contra capita hostium et stercoris humani et harenae coctae candentis", + "en": "On learning the direction, he filled bronze vessels with boiling water and pitch overhead where the enemy were, along with human dung and sand roasted to a fiery heat." + }, + { + "id": 20789, + "la": "Dein noctu pertudit terebra foramina et per ea repente perfundendo qui in eo opere fuerunt hostes omnes necavit", + "en": "Then in the night he pierced many openings, and suddenly flooding them, killed all the enemy who were at work there." + }, + { + "id": 20790, + "la": "Item Massilia cum oppugnaretur et numero supra xxx speculatum agerent, Massilitani suspicati totam quae fuerat ante murum fossam altiore fossura depresserunt", + "en": "Again, when Marseilles was besieged2 and the enemy drove more than 30 tunnels,3 the inhabitants were on their guard, and made a deeper ditch than the one in front of the ramparts." + }, + { + "id": 20791, + "la": "Ita specus omnes exitus in fossam habuerunt", + "en": "Hence all the tunnels came out into this." + }, + { + "id": 20792, + "la": "Quibus autem locis fossa non potuerat fieri, intra murum barathrum amplissima longitudine et amplitudine uti piscinam fecerunt contra eum locum, qua specus agebantur, eamque e puteis et e portu impleverunt", + "en": "But where inside the wall a ditch could not be made, they dug a moat, like a fish-pond, of great length and depth, over against the quarter where the tunnels were being made, and filled it from the wells and from the harbour." + }, + { + "id": 20793, + "la": "Itaque cum specus esset repente naribus apertis, vehemens aquae vis inmissa supplantavit fulturas, quique intra fuerunt, et ab aquae multitudine et ab ruina specus omnes sunt oppressi", + "en": "Hence when a tunnel had its passage suddenly opened, a strong rush of water flowed in and threw down the props. The troops within were overwhelmed by the collapse of the tunnel and the flood of water." + }, + { + "id": 20794, + "la": "Etiam cum agger ad murum contra eos conpararetur et arboribus excisis eoque conlocatis locus operibus exaggeraretur, ballistis vectes ferreos candentes in id mittendo totam munitionem coegerunt conflagrare", + "en": "Again, when a mound was heaped up against the walls, and the site was further raised by cutting down trees and laying them there, the citizens shot red-hot iron bars from their balistae and caused the earthwork to blaze up." + }, + { + "id": 20795, + "la": "Testudo autem arietaria cum ad murum pulsandum accessisset, permiserunt laqueum et eo ariete constricto, per tympanum ergata circumagentes suspenso capite eius non sunt passi tangi murum", + "en": "Again, when the ram tortoise came to demolish the wall, they let down a rope and caught the head of the ram. Then they wound the rope round a drum, using a windlass, and by keeping the ram raised, they prevented it from touching the wall." + }, + { + "id": 20796, + "la": "Denique totam machinam malleolis candentibus et ballistarum plagis dissipaverunt", + "en": "In the end they demolished the whole engine with fiery missiles1 and blows from the balista." + }, + { + "id": 20797, + "la": "Ita eae victoriae civitatum non machinis, sed contra machinarum rationem architectorum sollertia sunt liberatae", + "en": "Thus these victorious cities were liberated not by military engines, but, in face of their employment, by the skill of the architects." + }, + { + "id": 20798, + "la": "Quas potui de machinis expedire rationes pacis bellique temporibus et utilissimas putavi, in hoc volumine perfeci", + "en": "In this book I have fully set forth the mechanical methods which I could furnish, and which I thought most useful in times of peace and war." + }, + { + "id": 20799, + "la": "In prioribus vero novem de singulis generibus et partibus conparavi, uti totum corpus omnia architecturae membra in decem voluminibus haberet explicata", + "en": "Now in the previous nine books I have dealt with the other several topics and their subdivisions, so that the whole work, in the ten books, describes every department of architecture." + }, + { + "id": 20800, + "la": "Dinocrates architectus cogitationibus et sollertia fretus, cum Alexander rerum potiretur, profectus est e Macedonia ad exercitum regiae cupidus commendationis", + "en": "When Alexander was master of the world, the architect Dinocrates,1 confident in his ideas and his skill, set out from Macedonia to the army, being desirous of the royal commendation." + }, + { + "id": 20801, + "la": "Is e patria a propinquis et amicis tulit ad primos ordines et purpuratos litteras, aditus haberet faciliores, ab eisque exceptus humane petit, uti quamprimum ad Alexandrum perduceretur", + "en": "He brought from home to the officers and high officials, a letter from his relatives and friends that he might have more easy access; and being courteously received by them, he asked to be introduced as soon as possible to Alexander." + }, + { + "id": 20802, + "la": "Cum polliciti essent, tardiores fuerunt idoneum tempus expectantes", + "en": "After promising this they were somewhat slow, waiting for a suitable occasion." + }, + { + "id": 20803, + "la": "Itaque Dinocrates ab his se existimans ludi ab se petit praesidium", + "en": "Therefore Dinocrates, thinking he was mocked by them, sought a remedy from himself." + }, + { + "id": 20804, + "la": "Fuerat enim amplissima statura, facie grata, forma dignitateque summa His igitur naturae muneribus confisus vestimenta posuit in hospitio et oleo corpus perunxit caputque coronavit populea fronde, laevum umerum pelle leonina texit, dextraque clavam tenens incessit contra tribunal regis ius dicentis", + "en": "Now he was of ample stature, pleasing countenance, and the highest grace and dignity. Trusting then in these gifts of nature, he left his clothes in the inn, and anointed himself with oil; he wreathed his head with poplar leaves, covered his left shoulder with a lions skin, and holding a club in his right hand,2 he walked opposite the tribunal where the king was giving judgment." + }, + { + "id": 20805, + "la": "Novitas populum cum avertisset, conspexit eum Alexander", + "en": "When this novel spectacle attracted the people, Alexander saw him." + }, + { + "id": 20806, + "la": "Admirans ei iussit locum dari, ut accederet, interrogavitque, quis esset", + "en": "Wondering, he commanded room to be made for him to approach, and asked who he was." + }, + { + "id": 20807, + "la": "At ille: Dinocrates, inquit, architectus Macedo qui ad te cogitationes et formas adfero dignas tuae claritati", + "en": "And he replied: Dinocrates, a Macedonian architect, who brings you ideas and plans worthy of you, illustrious prince." + }, + { + "id": 20808, + "la": "Namque Athon montem formavi in statuae virilis figuram, cuius manu laeva designavi civitatis amplissimae moenia, dextera pateram, quae exciperet omnium fluminum, quae sunt in eo monte, aquam, ut inde in mare profunderetur.", + "en": "For I have shaped Mount Athos into the figure of the statue of a man, in whose left hand I have shown the ramparts of a very extensive city; in his right a bowl to receive the water of all the rivers which are in that mountain." + }, + { + "id": 20809, + "la": "Delectatus Alexander natione formae statim quaesiit, si essent agri circa, qui possint frumentaria ratione eam civitatem tueri", + "en": "Alexander, delighted with his kind of plan, at once inquired if there were fields about, which could furnish that city with a corn supply." + }, + { + "id": 20810, + "la": "Cum invenisset non posse nisi transmarinis subvectionibus: Dinocrates, inquit, adtendo egregiam formae conpositionem et ea delector", + "en": "When he found this could not be done, except by sea transport, he said: I note, Dinocrates, the unusual formation of your plan, and am pleased with it," + }, + { + "id": 20811, + "la": "Sed animadverto, si qui deduxerit eo loco coloniam, forte ut iudicium eius vituperetur", + "en": "but I perceive that if anyone leads a colony to that place, his judgment will be blamed." + }, + { + "id": 20812, + "la": "Ut enim natus infans sine nutricis lacte non potest ali neque ad vitae crescentis gradus perduci, sic civitas sine agris et eorum fructibus in moenibus affluentibus non potest crescere nec sine abundantia cibi frequentiam habere populumque sine copia tueri", + "en": "For just as a child when born, if it lacks the nurses milk cannot be fed, nor led up the staircase of growing life, so a city without cornfields and their produce abounding within its ramparts, cannot grow, nor become populous without abundance of food, nor maintain its people without a supply." + }, + { + "id": 20813, + "la": "Itaque quemadmodum formationem puto probandam, sic iudicio locum inprobandum: teque volo esse mecum, quod tua opera sum usurus.", + "en": "Therefore, just as I think your planning worthy of approval, so, in my judgment, the site is worthy of disapproval; yet I want you to be with me, because I intend to make use of your services." + }, + { + "id": 20814, + "la": "Ex eo Dinocrates ab rege non discessit et in Aegyptum est eum persecutus", + "en": "After that, Dinocrates did not leave the king, and followed him into Egypt." + }, + { + "id": 20815, + "la": "Ibi Alexander cum animadvertisset portum naturaliter tutum, emporium egregium, campos circa totam Aegyptum frumentarios, inmanis fluminis Nili magnas utilitates, iussit eum suo nomine civitatem Alexandriam constituere", + "en": "There when Alexander had observed a port naturally protected, an excellent market, cornfields all over Egypt, the great advantages of the huge Nile river, he ordered Dinocrates to lay out a city in his name, Alexandria." + }, + { + "id": 20816, + "la": "Ita Dinocrates a facie dignitateque corporis commendatus ad eam nobilitatem pervenit", + "en": "Thus, Dinocrates, commended by his face and the dignity of his person, reached to this distinction." + }, + { + "id": 20817, + "la": "Mihi autem, imperator, staturam non tribuit natura, faciem deformavit aetas, valetudo detraxit vires", + "en": "But nature has not given me stature, my countenance is uncomely with age, ill-health has taken away my strength." + }, + { + "id": 20818, + "la": "Itaque quoniam ab his praesidiis sum desertus, per auxilia scientiae scriptaque, ut spero, perveniam ad commendationem", + "en": "Therefore, although I am deserted by these defences, by the help of science and by my writings I shall, I hope, gain approval." + }, + { + "id": 20819, + "la": "Cum autem primo volumine de officio architecturae terminationibusque artis perscripsi, item de moenibus et intra moenia arearum divisionibus, insequatur ordo de aedibus sacris et publicis aedificiis itemque privatis, quibus proportionibus et symmetriis debeant esse,", + "en": "Now since in the first book I have written on the services of architecture, and the definitions of the craft, also about ramparts and the allotments of sites within the ramparts, there should follow the arranging of temples and public buildings and also private ones, in order to explain of what proportions and symmetries they ought to be." + }, + { + "id": 20820, + "la": "uti explicentur, non putavi ante ponendum, nisi prius de materiae copiis, e quibus conlatis aedificia structuris et materiae rationibus perficiuntur, quas habeant in usu virtutes, exposuissem, quibusque rerum naturae principiis essent temperata, dixissem", + "en": "Yet I thought I ought to put nothing before, until I had first considered the supplies of building material, from the assemblage of which buildings are completed in their structure and the appropriate treatment of the materials. Afterwards I shall expound what virtues they have when employed, and I shall declare of what natural elements they are blended." + }, + { + "id": 20821, + "la": "Sed antequam naturales res incipiam explicare, de aedificiorum rationibus, unde initia ceperint et uti creverint eorum inventiones, ante ponam, et insequar ingressus antiquitatis rerum naturae et eorum qui initia humanitatis et inventiones perquisitas scriptorum praeceptis dedicaverunt", + "en": "But before I begin to explain natural objects, I will preface somewhat respecting the methods of building, whence they took their beginnings and how inventions grew; and I will follow the approaches of antiquity to Nature herself, and in particular of those writers who have committed to their manuals the beginnings of the humanities, and the record of inventions." + }, + { + "id": 20822, + "la": "Itaque quemadmodum ab his sum institutus, exponam", + "en": "Therefore I will set forth the matter as I have been instructed by them." + }, + { + "id": 20823, + "la": "Homines vetere more ut ferae in silvis et speluncis et nemoribus nascebantur ciboque agresti vescendo vitam exigebant", + "en": "Men, in the old way, were born like animals in forests and caves and woods, and passed their life feeding on the food of the fields." + }, + { + "id": 20824, + "la": "Interea quondam in loco ab tempestatibus et ventis densae crebritatibus arbores agitatae et inter se terentes ramos ignem excitaverunt, et eius flamma vehementi perterriti, qui circa eum locum fuerunt, sunt fugati", + "en": "Meanwhile, once upon a time, in a certain place, trees, thickly crowded, tossed by storms and winds and rubbing their branches together, kindled a fire. Terrified by the raging flame, those who were about that place were put to flight." + }, + { + "id": 20825, + "la": "Postea re quieta propius accedentes cum animadvertissent commoditatem esse magnam corporibus ad ignis teporem, ligna adicientes et id conservantes alios adducebant et nutu monstrantes ostendebant, quas haberent ex eo utilitates", + "en": "Afterwards when the thing was quieted down, approaching nearer they perceived that the advantage was great for their bodies from the heat of the fire. They added fuel, and thus keeping it up, they brought others; and pointing it out by signs they showed what advantages they had from it." + }, + { + "id": 20826, + "la": "In eo hominum congressu cum profundebantur aliter e spiritu voces, cotidiana consuetudine vocabula, ut optigerant, constituerunt, deinde significando res saepius in usu ex eventu fari fortuito coeperunt et ita sermones inter se procreaverunt", + "en": "In this concourse of mankind, when sounds were variously uttered by the breath, by daily custom they fixed words as they had chanced to come. Then, indicating things more frequently and by habit, they came by chance to speak according to the event, and so they generated conversation with one another." + }, + { + "id": 20827, + "la": "Ergo cum propter ignis inventionem conventus initio apud homines et concilium et convictus esset natus, et in unum locum plures convenirent habentes ab natura praemium praeter reliqua animalia,", + "en": "Therefore, because of the discovery of fire, there arose at the beginning, concourse among men, deliberation and a life in common. Many came together into one place, having from nature this boon beyond other animals," + }, + { + "id": 20828, + "la": "ut non proni sed erecti ambularent mundique et astrorum magnificentiam aspicerent, item manibus et articulis quam vellent rem faciliter tractarent, coeperunt in eo coetu alii de fronde facere tecta, alii speluncas fodere sub montibus, nonnulli hirundinum nidos et aedificationes earum imitantes de luto et virgulis facere loca quae subirent", + "en": "that they should walk, not with head down, but upright, and should look upon the magnificence of the world and of the stars. They also easily handled with their hands2 and fingers whatever they wished. Hence after thus meeting together, they began, some to make shelters of leaves, some to dig caves under the hills, some to make of mud3 and wattles places for shelter, imitating the nests of swallows and their methods of building." + }, + { + "id": 20829, + "la": "Tunc observantes aliena tecta et adicientes suis cogitationibus res novas, efficiebant in dies meliora genera casarum", + "en": "Then observing the houses of others and adding to their ideas new things from day to day, they produced better kinds of huts." + }, + { + "id": 20830, + "la": "Cum essent autem homines imitabili docilique natura, cotidie inventionibus gloriantes alios alii ostendebant aedificiorum effectus, et ita exercentes ingenia certationibus in dies melioribus iudiciis efficiebantur", + "en": "Since men were of an imitative and teachable nature, they boasted of their inventions as they daily showed their various achievements in building, and thus, exercising their talents in rivalry, were rendered of better judgment daily." + }, + { + "id": 20831, + "la": "Primumque furcis erectis et virgulis interpositis luto parietes texerunt", + "en": "And first, with upright forked props and twigs put between, they wove their walls." + }, + { + "id": 20832, + "la": "Alii luteas glaebas arefacientes struebant parietes, materia eos iugumentantes, vitandoque imbres et aestus tegebant harundinibus et fronde", + "en": "Others made walls, drying moistened clods which they bound with wood, and covered with reeds and leafage, so as to escape the rain and heat." + }, + { + "id": 20833, + "la": "Posteaquam per hibernas tempestates tecta non potuerunt imbres sustinere, fastigia facientes, luto inducto proclinatis tectis, stillicidia deducebant", + "en": "When in winter-time the roofs could not withstand the rains, they made ridges, and smearing clay down the sloping roofs, they drew off the rain-water." + }, + { + "id": 20834, + "la": "Haec autem ex is, quae supra scripta sunt,originibus instituta esse possumus sic animadvertere, quod ad hunc diem nationibus exteris ex his rebus aedificia constituantur, uti Gallia, Hispania, Lusitania, Aquitania scandalis robusteis aut stramentis", + "en": "That these things were so practised from the beginnings above described we can observe, seeing that to this day buildings are constructed for foreign nations of these materials, as in Gaul, Spain, Portugal, Aquitaine, with oak shingles or thatch." + }, + { + "id": 20835, + "la": "Apud nationem Colchorum in Ponto propter silvarum abundantiam arboribus perpetuis planis dextra ac sinistra in terra positis, spatio inter eas relicto quanto arborum longitudines patiuntur, conlocantur in extremis partibus earum supra alterae transversae, quae circumcludunt medium spatium habitationis", + "en": "In Pontus among the nation of the Colchi,1 because of their rich forests, two whole trees are laid flat, right and left, on the ground, a space being left between them as wide as the lengths of the trees allow. On the furthest parts of them, two others are placed transversely, and these four trees enclose in the middle the space for the dwelling." + }, + { + "id": 20836, + "la": "Tum insuper alternis trabibus ex quattuor partibus angulos iugumentantes et ita parietes arboribus statuentes ad perpendiculum imarum educunt ad altitudinem turres, intervallaque, quae relinquuntur propter crassitudinem materiae, schidiis et luto obstruunt", + "en": "Then, laying upon them alternate beams from the four sides, they join up the angles.2 And so constructing the walls with trees, they raise up towers3 rising perpendicular from the lowest parts. The gaps which are left by the thickness of the timber they block up with splinters and clay." + }, + { + "id": 20837, + "la": "Item tecta, recidentes ad extremos transtra, traiciunt gradatim contrahentes, et ita ex quattuor partibus ad altitudinem educunt medio metas, quas fronde et luto tegentes efficiunt barbarico more testudinata turrium tecta", + "en": "Further, they raise the roofs by cutting off the cross-beams at the end and gradually narrowing them. And so, from the four sides they raise over the middle a pyramid on high. This they cover with leafage and clay, and, barbarian fashion, construct the coved roofs of their towers." + }, + { + "id": 20838, + "la": "Phryges vero, qui campestribus locis sunt habitantes, propter inopiam silvarum egentes materiae eligunt tumulos naturales eosque medios fossura detinentes et itinera perfodientes dilatant spatia, quantum natura loci patitur", + "en": "But the Phrygians,1 who are dwellers in the plains, owing to the absence of forests, lack timber. Hence they choose natural mounds, and dividing them in the middle by a trench and digging tracks through, open out spaces as far as the nature of the place allows." + }, + { + "id": 20839, + "la": "Insuper autem stipitis inter se religantes metas efficiunt, quas harundinibus et sarmentis tegentes exaggerabant supra habitationis e terra maximos grumos", + "en": "They fasten logs together at the upper end, and so make pyramids. These they cover with reeds and brushwood and pile up very large hillocks from the ground above their dwellings." + }, + { + "id": 20840, + "la": "Ita hiemes calidissimas, aestatis frigidissimas efficiunt tectorum rationes", + "en": "This arrangement of their dwellings makes the winter quite warm, and the summer cool." + }, + { + "id": 20841, + "la": "Nonnulli ex ulva palustri componunt tiguria tecta", + "en": "Some construct covered huts from the sedge of the marshes." + }, + { + "id": 20842, + "la": "Apud ceteras quoque gentes et nonnulla loca pari similique ratione casarum perficiuntur constitutiones", + "en": "Among other nations, also, in many places, the erection of huts is carried out in a parallel and similar manner." + }, + { + "id": 20843, + "la": "Non minus etiam Massiliae animadvertere possumus sine tegulis subacta cum paleis terra tecta", + "en": "Not less also at Marseilles2 we can observe roofs without tiles, made of earth and kneaded with straw." + }, + { + "id": 20844, + "la": "Athenis Areopagi antiquitatis exemplar ad hoc tempus luto tectum", + "en": "At Athens there is an ancient type of building, on the Areopagus, to this day3 covered with mud." + }, + { + "id": 20845, + "la": "Item in Capitolio commonefacere potest et significare mores vetustatis Romuli casa et in arce sacrorum stramentis tecta", + "en": "Also in the Capitolium the Hut of Romulus,4 and in the Citadel, shrines covered with straw, can remind us, and signify the customs and the antiquities of Rome." + }, + { + "id": 20846, + "la": "Ita his signis de antiquis inventionibus aedificiorum, sic ea fuisse ratiocinantes, possumus iudicare", + "en": "Thus by these examples we can infer concerning the ancient invention of buildings, reasoning that they were similar." + }, + { + "id": 20847, + "la": "Cum autem cotidie faciendo tritiores manus ad aedificandum perfecissent et sollertia ingenia exercendo per consuetudinem ad artes pervenissent, tum etiam industria in animis eorum adiecta perfecit, ut, qui fuerunt in his studiosiores, fabros esse se profiterentur", + "en": "When, however, by daily work men had rendered their hands more hardened for building, and by practising their clever talents they had by habit acquired craftsmanship, then also the industry, which rooted itself in their minds, caused those who were more eager herein to profess themselves craftsmen." + }, + { + "id": 20848, + "la": "Cum ergo haec ita fuerint primo constituta et natura non solum sensibus ornavisset gentes quemadmodum reliqua animalia, sed etiam cogitationibus et consiliis armavisset mentes et subiecisset cetera animalia sub potestate, tunc vero et fabricationibus aedificiorum gradatim progressi ad ceteras artes et disciplinas, e fera agrestique vita ad mansuetam perduxerunt humanitatem", + "en": "When, therefore, these matters were so first ordained and Nature had not only equipped the human races with perceptions like other animals, but also had armed their minds with ideas and purposes, and had put the other animals under their power, then from the construction of buildings they progressed by degrees to other crafts and disciplines, and they led the way from a savage and rustic life to a peaceful civilisation." + }, + { + "id": 20849, + "la": "Tum autem instruentes animo se eprospicientes maioribus cogitationibus ex varietate artium natis, non casas sed etiam domos fundatas et latericiis parietibus aut e lapide structas materiaque et tegula tecta perficere coeperunt, deinde observationibus studiorum e vagantibus iudiciis et incertis ad certas symmetriarum perduxerunt rationes", + "en": "Then, however, building up themselves in spirit, and looking out and forward with larger ideas born from the variety of their crafts, they began to build, not huts, but houses, on foundations, and with brick walls, or built of stone; and with roofs of wood and tiles. Then by the observations made in their studies they were led on from wandering and uncertain judgments to the assured method of symmetry." + }, + { + "id": 20850, + "la": "Posteaquam animadverterunt profusos esse partus ab natura et materiam abundantem copiarum ad aedificationes ab ea compara-tam, tractando nutrierunt et auctam per artes ornaverunt voluptatibus elegantiam vitae", + "en": "When they observed that Nature brought forth profusely, and provided materials abounding in usefulness for building, they handled them with fostering care, and equipped with delights the refinement of life, increased as it was by their several crafts." + }, + { + "id": 20851, + "la": "Igitur de his rebus, quae sunt in aedificiis ad usum idoneae, quibusque sunt qualitatibus et quas habeant virtutes, ut potuero, dicam", + "en": "Therefore, concerning the things which are fit for use in buildings, of what qualities they are and what virtues they possess, I will speak as I am able." + }, + { + "id": 20852, + "la": "Sed si qui de ordine huius libri disputare voluerit, quod putaverit eum primum institui oportuisse, ne putet me erravisse, si credam rationem", + "en": "But if anybody raises objections about the arrangement of the whole work, because he thinks that this book should have come first,1 let him not think I have erred, if I believe in Reason." + }, + { + "id": 20853, + "la": "Cum corpus architecturae scriberem, primo volumine putavi, quibus eruditionibus et disciplinis esset ornata, exponere finireque terminationibus eius species et, e quibus rebus esset nata, dicere", + "en": "When I wrote this comprehensive treatise on architecture, I thought in the first book to set forth with what trainings and disciplines architecture was equipped, and to determine by definitions its species and to say from what things it sprang." + }, + { + "id": 20854, + "la": "Itaque quid oporteat esse in architecto, ibi pronuntiavi", + "en": "And so I there pronounced what there ought to be in an architect." + }, + { + "id": 20855, + "la": "Ergo in primo de artis officio, in hoc de naturalibus materiae rebus, quem habeant usum, disputabo", + "en": "Therefore in the first book I discussed the office of the architect. In this book I will treat of the material things of nature, and what uses they have." + }, + { + "id": 20856, + "la": "Namque hic liber non profitetur, unde architectura nascatur, sed unde origines aedificiorum sunt institutae et quibus rationibus enutritae et progressae sint gradatim ad hanc finitionem", + "en": "For this book does not declare whence architecture arises, but whence the kinds of building have originated, and by what ways they have been fostered and, by degrees, advanced to their present finish." + }, + { + "id": 20857, + "la": "Ergo ita suo ordine et loco huius erit voluminis constitutio", + "en": "So therefore the arrangement of this book is in its order and place." + }, + { + "id": 20858, + "la": "Nunc revertar ad propositum et de copiis, quae aptae sunt aedificiorum perfectionibus, quemadmodum videantur esse ab natura rerum procreatae quibusque mixtionibus principiorum congressus temperentur, nec obscura sed perspicua legentibus sint, ratiocinabor", + "en": "Now I will return to my undertaking and will deal with the materials which are adapted to the execution of buildings; how they seem to be generated by Nature, and in what mixtures the assemblages of elements are blended. These, indeed, are not obscure but obvious to my readers." + }, + { + "id": 20859, + "la": "Namque nulla materiarum genera neque corpora neque res sine principiorum coetu nasci neque subici intellectui possunt, neque aliter natura rerum praeceptis physicorum veras patitur habere explicationes, nisi causae, quae insunt in his rebus quemadmodum et quid ita sint, subtilibus rationibus habeant demonstrationes", + "en": "For no kinds of materials, nor bodies, nor things can arise or be subject to the intelligence without the coming together of elements, nor does Nature allow them to have true explanations in the precepts of physicists, unless the causes which are present in these things find proofs, how and why they are so, by accurate demonstrations." + }, + { + "id": 20860, + "la": "Thales primum aquam putavit omnium rerum esse principium; Heraclitus Ephesius, qui propter obscuritatem scriptorum a Graecis scoteinos est appellatus, ignem; Democritus quique est eum secutus Epicurus atomos, quas nostri insecabilia corpora, nonnulli individua vocitaverunt; Pythagoreorum vero disciplina adiecit ad aquam et ignem aera et terrenum", + "en": "First, Thales1 thought that water was the principle of all things. Heraclitus of Ephesus (who because of the obscurity of his writings was called Dark by the Greeks), fire; Democritus, and Epicurus who followed him, atoms, which our writers have called unbreakables,1 some indivisibles.2 But the school of the Pythagoreans added air and the earthy to water and fire." + }, + { + "id": 20861, + "la": "Ergo Democritus, etsi non proprie res nominavit sed tantum individua corpora proposuit, ideo ea ipsa dixisse videtur, quod ea, cum sint disiuncta, nec laeduntur nec interitionem recipiunt nec sectionibus dividuntur, sed sempiterno aevo perpetuo infinitam retinent in se soliditatem", + "en": "Therefore Democritus, although he did not name things3 as such, but supposed atoms only, seems to have spoken of them as such because although they may be separated out, they are not damaged nor destroyed, nor cut up into parts, but retain in themselves for ever a perfect solidity." + }, + { + "id": 20862, + "la": "Ex his ergo congruentibus cum res omnes coire nascique videantur et hae in infinitis generibus rerum natura essent disparatae, putavi oportere de varietatibus et discriminibus usus earum quasque haberent in aedificiis qualitates exponere, uti, cum fuerint notae, non habeant qui aedificare cogitant errorem, sed aptas ad usum copias aedificiis conparent", + "en": "Since therefore from these, being in correspondence, all things seem to come together and be born, and since by Nature they have been divided into infinite kinds, I thought I ought first to deal with the varieties and differences of the use of them, and what qualities they show in buildings; so that when they are familiar, those who think of building may not make mistakes but get supplies fit for use." + }, + { + "id": 20863, + "la": "Itaque primum de lateribus, qua de terra duci eos oporteat, dicam", + "en": "Therefore, first I will speak about bricks, and from what kind of clay they ought to be brought." + }, + { + "id": 20864, + "la": "Non enim de harenoso neque calculoso luto neque sabulonoso luto sunt ducendi, quod, ex his generibus cum sint ducti, primum fiunt graves, deinde, cum ab inbribus in parietibus sparguntur, dilabuntur et dissolvuntur paleaeque in his non cohaerescunt propter asperitatem", + "en": "For they ought not to be made from sandy nor chalky soil nor gravelly soil: because when they are got from these formations, first they become heavy, then, when they are moistened by rain showers in the walls, they come apart and are dissolved. And the straw does not stick in them because of their roughness." + }, + { + "id": 20865, + "la": "Faciendi autem sunt ex terra albida cretosa sive de rubrica aut etiam masculo sabulone; haec enim genera propter levitatem habent firmitatem et non sunt in opere ponderosa et faciliter aggerantur", + "en": "But bricks are to be made of white clayey earth or of red earth, or even of rough gravel. For these kinds, because of their smoothness, are durable. They are not heavy in working, and are easily built up together." + }, + { + "id": 20866, + "la": "Ducendi autem sunt per vernum tempus et autumnale, ut uno tempore siccescant", + "en": "Now bricks are to be made either in the spring or autumn, that they may dry at one and the same time." + }, + { + "id": 20867, + "la": "Qui enim per solstitium parantur, ideo vitiosi fiunt, quod, summum corium sol acriter cum praecoquit, efficit ut videatur aridum, interior autem sit non siccus; et cum postea siccescendo se contrahit, perrumpit ea quae erant arida", + "en": "For those which are prepared at the summer solstice become faulty for this reason: when the sun1 is keen and overbakes the top skin, it makes it seem dry, while the interior of the brick is not dried. And when afterwards it is contracted by drying, it breaks up what was previously dried." + }, + { + "id": 20868, + "la": "Ita rimosi facti efficiuntur imbecilli", + "en": "Thus bricks crack and are rendered weak." + }, + { + "id": 20869, + "la": "Maxime autem utiliores erunt, si ante biennium fuerint ducti; namque non ante possunt penitus siccescere", + "en": "But, most especially, they will be more fit for use if they are made two years before. For they cannot dry throughout before." + }, + { + "id": 20870, + "la": "Itaque cum recentes et non aridi sunt structi, tectorio inducto rigidoque obsolidati permanent;", + "en": "Therefore when they are built in fresh and not dry, and the plaster is put on and becomes rigid, they remain solid only on the surface." + }, + { + "id": 20871, + "la": "ipsi sidentes non possunt eandem altitudinem qua est tectorium, tenere, contractioneque moti non haerent cum eo, sed ab coniunctione eius disparantur;", + "en": "Hence they settle and cannot keep the same height as the plaster. For by contraction and the consequent movement they cease to stick to the plaster, and are separated from their union with it." + }, + { + "id": 20872, + "la": "igitur tectoria ab structura seiuncta propter tenuitatem per se stare non possunt, sed franguntur, ipsique parietes fortuito sidentes vitiantur", + "en": "Therefore the wall-surfaces are separated from the wall itself, and because of their thinness cannot stand of themselves and are broken, and the walls settling haphazard, become faulty." + }, + { + "id": 20873, + "la": "Ideo etiam Uticenses laterem, si sit aridus et ante quinquennium ductus, cum arbitrio magistratus fuerit ita probatus, tunc utuntur in parietum structuris", + "en": "That is why the citizens of Utica2 use no bricks for building walls, unless the magistrate has approved them as being dry and made five years before." + }, + { + "id": 20874, + "la": "Fiunt autem laterum genera tria: unum, quod graece Lydium appellatur, id est quo nostri utuntur, longum sesquipede, latum pede", + "en": "Now there are three kinds of bricks: one which in Greek is called Lydion, that is the one which we use, a foot and a half long, a foot wide." + }, + { + "id": 20875, + "la": "Ceteris duobus Graecorum aedificia struuntur; ex his unum pentadoron, alterum tetradoron dicitur", + "en": "Greek buildings are constructed with the other two. Of these, one is called pentadoron, the other tetradoron." + }, + { + "id": 20876, + "la": "Doron autem Gracei appellant palmum, quod munerum datio graece doron appellatur, id autem semper geritur per manus palmum", + "en": "Now the Greeks call the palm doron, because the giving of gifts is called doron, and this is always done by means of the palm of the hand." + }, + { + "id": 20877, + "la": "Ita quod est quoquoversus quinque palmorum, pentadoron, quod quattuor, tetradoron dicitur, et quae sunt publica opera, pentadors, quae privata, tetradors struuntur", + "en": "Thus the brick that is of five palms every way is called pentadoron; of four palms, tetradoron. Public buildings are erected with the former; private buildings with the latter." + }, + { + "id": 20878, + "la": "Fiunt autem cum his lateribus semilateria", + "en": "Along with these bricks, half-bricks also are made." + }, + { + "id": 20879, + "la": "Quae cum struuntur, una parte lateribus ordines, altera semilateres ponuntur", + "en": "When these are built to the line of the face, on one side courses1 are laid with bricks, on the other side half-bricks are laid." + }, + { + "id": 20880, + "la": "Ergo ex utraque parte ad lineam cum struuntur, alternis coriis parietes alligantur et medii lateres supra coagmenta conlocati et firmitatem et speciem faciunt utraque parte non invenustam", + "en": "The walls are bound together by the alternate facings2; and the middle of the bricks, being placed above the joints, produces firmness, and a not unpleasing appearance on either side." + }, + { + "id": 20881, + "la": "Est autem in Hispania ulteriore civitas Maxilua et Callet et in Asia Pitane, ubi lateres cum sunt ducti et arefacti, proiecti natant in aqua", + "en": "Now in Further Spain there is a town Maxilua, and also Callet, in Asia there is Pitane,3 where bricks, when they have been made and dried, swim in water if they are thrown in." + }, + { + "id": 20882, + "la": "Natare autem eos posse ideo videtur, quod terra est, de qua ducuntur, pumicosa", + "en": "Now it seems that they are able to swim because the soil from which they are drawn is like pumice." + }, + { + "id": 20883, + "la": "Ita cum est levis, aere solidata non recipit in se nec combibit liquorem", + "en": "Thus, since it is light, when made solid by the air it does not admit nor drink up moisture into itself." + }, + { + "id": 20884, + "la": "Igitur levi raraque cum sit proprietate, nec patiantur penetrare in corpus umidam potestatem, quocumque pondere fuerit, cogitur ab rerum natura, quemadmodum pumex, uti ab aqua sustineatur, sic autem magnas habent utilitates, quod neque in aedificationibus sunt onerosi et cum ducuntur a tempestatibus non dissolvuntur", + "en": "Therefore since these bricks are of a light and open property, and do not allow the humid potency to penetrate into the body, of whatever weight the body shall be, it is compelled by Nature to be upheld by water like pumice-stone. So indeed they have great advantages because they are not heavy in buildings, and when they are being made, they are not dissolved by storms." + }, + { + "id": 20885, + "la": "In caementiciis autem structuris primum est de harena quaerendum, ut ea sit idonea ad materiem miscendam neque habeat terram commixtam", + "en": "Now in rubble1 structures we must first inquire about the sand, that it be suitable for mixing material into mortar, and without the admixture of earth." + }, + { + "id": 20886, + "la": "Genera autem harenae fossiciae sunt haec: nigra, cana, rubra, carbunculum", + "en": "Now the kinds of quarried sand are these: black, white, red, and from lignite." + }, + { + "id": 20887, + "la": "Ex his, quae in manu confricata, vel icta fecerit stridorem, erit optima; quae autem terrosa fuerit, non habebit asperitatem", + "en": "Of these, that which makes a noise when rubbed in the hand will be best; but that which is earthy will not have a like roughness." + }, + { + "id": 20888, + "la": "Item si in vestimentum candidum ea contecta fuerit, postea excussa aut icta id non inquinarit neque ibi terra subsiderit, erit idonea", + "en": "Also, if it is covered up in a white cloth, and afterwards shaken up or beaten, and does not foul it, and the earth does not settle therein, it will be suitable." + }, + { + "id": 20889, + "la": "Sin autem non erunt harenaria, unde fodiatur, tum de fluminibus aut e glarea erit excernenda, non minus etiam de litore marino", + "en": "But if there are no sand-pits whence it may be dug, then it must be sifted out from the river bed or from gravel, not less also from the sea-shore." + }, + { + "id": 20890, + "la": "Sed ea in structuris haec habet vitia: difficulter siccescit, neque onerari se continenter recipit; paries patitur,nisi intermissionibus requiescat, neque concamerationes recipit", + "en": "But such sand has these faults in buildings: it dries with difficulty, nor does the wall allow itself to be loaded continuously without interruptions for rest, nor does it allow of vaulting." + }, + { + "id": 20891, + "la": "Marina autem hoc amplius, quod etiam parietes, cum in is tectoria facta fuerint, remittentes salsuginem eorum dissolvuntur", + "en": "But in the case of sea sand, when plastered surfaces3 are laid upon walls, the walls discharge the salt of the sands and are broken up." + }, + { + "id": 20892, + "la": "Fossiciae vero celeriter in structuris siccescunt, et tectoria permanent, et concamerationes patiuntur, sed hae, quae sunt de harenariis recentes", + "en": "But quarry sand quickly dries in buildings, and the surface lasts; and it admits of vaulting, but only that which is fresh from the pit." + }, + { + "id": 20893, + "la": "Si enim exemptae diutius iacent, ab sole et luna et pruina concoctae resolvuntur et fiunt terrosae", + "en": "For if after being taken out it lies too long, it is weathered by the sun and the moon and the hoar frost, and is dissolved and becomes earthy." + }, + { + "id": 20894, + "la": "Ita cum in structuram coiciuntur, non possunt continere caementa, sed ea ruunt et labuntur oneraque parietes non possunt sustinere", + "en": "Thus when it is thrown into the rubble, it cannot bind together the rough stones, but these collapse and the loads give way which the walls cannot maintain." + }, + { + "id": 20895, + "la": "Recentes autem fossiciae cum in structuris tantas habeant virtutes, eae in tectoriis ideo non sunt utiles, quod pinguitudini eius calx palea commixta, propter vehementiam non potest sine rimis inarescere", + "en": "But while fresh pit sand has such virtues in buildings, it is not useful in plaster work; because owing to its richness, the lime when mingled with straw1 cannot, because of its strength, dry without cracks." + }, + { + "id": 20896, + "la": "Fluviatica vero propter macritatem uti signinum liaculorum subactionibus in tectorio recipit soliditatem", + "en": "But river sand because of its fineness (like that from Signia2), when it is worked over with polishing tools, acquires solidity in the plaster." + }, + { + "id": 20897, + "la": "De harenae copiis cum habeatur explicatum, tum etiam de calce diligentia est adhibenda,uti de albo saxo aut silice coquatur2; et quae erit ex spisso et duriore, erit utilis in structura, quae autem ex fistuloso, in tectoriis", + "en": "After furnishing an account of the supply of sand, we must next be careful about lime, to burn it out of white stone or lava4; the lime which shall be out of thick and harder stone will be useful in the main structure; that which shall be of porous material, in plaster work." + }, + { + "id": 20898, + "la": "Cum ea erit extincta, tunc materia ita misceatur, ut, si erit fossicia, tres harenae et una calcis infundatur; si autem fluviatica aut marina, duo harenae una calcis coiciatur", + "en": "When it is slaked, then let it be mingled with the sand in such a way that if it is pit sand, three of sand and one of lime is poured in; but if the sand is from the river or sea, two of sand and one of lime is thrown together." + }, + { + "id": 20899, + "la": "Ita enim erit iusta ratio mixtionis temperaturae", + "en": "For in this way there will be the right proportion of the mixture and blending." + }, + { + "id": 20900, + "la": "Etiam in fluviatica aut marina si qui testam tunsam et succretam ex tertia parte adiecerit, efficiet materiae temperaturam ad usum meliorem", + "en": "Also in the case of river or sea sand, if anyone adds crushed and sifted potsherds in the proportion of one to three, he will produce a blending of material which is better for use." + }, + { + "id": 20901, + "la": "Quare autem cum recipit aquam et harenam calx, tunc confirmat structuram, haec esse causa videtur, quod e principiis, uti cetera corpora, ita et saxa sunt temperata", + "en": "And so when lime receives water and sand and then strengthens the structure, the following seems to be the cause: just as other bodies, so also stones are blended of the elements." + }, + { + "id": 20902, + "la": "Et quae plus habent aeris, sunt tenera; quae aquae, lenta sunt ab umore; quae terrae, dura1; quae ignis, fragiliora", + "en": "And those which have more air are soft; more water, are pliant from the moisture; more earth, are hard; more fire, are more fragile." + }, + { + "id": 20903, + "la": "Itaque ex his saxa si, antequam coquantur, contusa minute mixta harenae in instructuram coiciantur, non solidescunt nec eam poterunt continere", + "en": "Therefore if stones of this last quality are crushed before they are burnt, and mixed with sand, and thrown into the work, they do not become solid, nor can they hold the building together." + }, + { + "id": 20904, + "la": "Cum vero coniecta in fornacem ignis vehementi fervore correpta amiserint pristinae soliditatis virtutem, tunc exustis atque exhaustis eorum viribus relinquuntur patentibus foraminibus et inanibus", + "en": "But when they are thrown into the kiln,1 they are seized by the violent heat of the fire and lose the virtue of their former solidity. Their strength is burnt out and exhausted and they are left with open and empty pores." + }, + { + "id": 20905, + "la": "Ergo liquor, qui est in eius lapidis corpore, et aer cum exustus et ereptus fuerit, habueritque in se residuum calorem latentem, intinctus in aqua, prius quam ex igni vim recepit umore penetrante in foraminum raritates, confervescit et ita refrigeratus reicit ex calcis corpore fervorem", + "en": "Therefore when the moisture which is in the body of that stone, and the air, are burnt out and removed, and the stone retains the remaining latent heat, on being plunged into water (before it recovers power from fire), the moisture penetrates into the open pores, and it seethes and thus, being cooled again, it rejects the heat from the substance of the lime." + }, + { + "id": 20906, + "la": "(Ideo autem, quo pondere saxa coiciuntur in fornacem, cum eximuntur, non possunt ad id respondere, sed cum expenduntur, permanente ea magnitudine, excocto liquore circiter tertia parte ponderis inminuta esse inveniuntur.)", + "en": "Thus, moreover, whatever weight the stone possesses when it is thrown into the kiln, it cannot answer to that2 when it is taken out; but when it is weighed, the bulk remaining the same, it is found to lose about one-third of its weight when the moisture is burnt out." + }, + { + "id": 20907, + "la": "Igitur cum patent foramina eorum et raritates, harenae mixtionem in se corripiunt et ita cohaerescunt siccescendoque cum caementis coeunt et efficiunt structurarum soliditatem", + "en": "Therefore, when the pores and attenuations of the lime are open, it catches up into itself the mixture of the sand; thus it coheres and, as it dries, joins with the rubble and produces solid walling" + }, + { + "id": 20908, + "la": "Est etiam genus pulveris, quod efficit naturaliter res admirandas", + "en": "There is also a kind of powder which, by nature, produces wonderful results." + }, + { + "id": 20909, + "la": "Nascitur in regionibus Baianis in agris municipiorum, quae sunt circa Vesuvium montem", + "en": "It is found in the neighbourhood of Baiae1 and in the lands of the municipalities round Mount Vesuvius." + }, + { + "id": 20910, + "la": "Quod conmixtum cum calce et caemento non modo ceteris aedificiis praestat firmitates, sed etiam moles cum struuntur in mari, sub aqua solidescunt", + "en": "This being mixed with lime and rubble, not only furnishes strength to other buildings, but also, when piers2 are built in the sea, they set under water." + }, + { + "id": 20911, + "la": "Hoc autem fieri hac ratione videtur, quod sub his montibus et terrae ferventes sunt et fontes crebri, qui non essent si non in imo haberent aut e sulpure aut alumine aut bitumine ardentes maximos ignes", + "en": "Now this seems to happen for this reason: that under these mountainous regions there are both hot earth and many springs. And these would not be unless deep down they had huge blazing fires of sulphur, alum or pitch." + }, + { + "id": 20912, + "la": "Igitur penitus ignis et flammae vapor per intervenia permanans et ardens efficit levem eam terram, et ibi quod nascitur tofus exsurgens, est sine liquore", + "en": "Therefore the fire and vapour of flame within, flowing through the cracks, makes that earth light. And the tufa which is found to come up there is free from moisture." + }, + { + "id": 20913, + "la": "Ergo cum tres res consimili ratione ignis vehementia formatae in unam pervenerint mixtionem, repente recepto liquore una cohaerescunt et celeriter umore duratae solidantur, neque eas fluctus neque vis aquae potest dissolvere", + "en": "Therefore, when three substances formed in like manner by the violence of fire come into one mixture, they suddenly take up water and cohere together. They are quickly hardened by the moisture and made solid, and can be dissolved neither by the waves nor the power of water." + }, + { + "id": 20914, + "la": "Ardores autem esse in his locis etiam haec res potest indicare, quod in montibus Cumanorum Baianis sunt loca sudationibus excavata, in quibus vapor fervidus ab imo nascens ignis vehementia perforat eam terram per eamque manando in his locis oritur et ita sudationum egregias efficit utilitates", + "en": "But that there are fervent heats in these districts may be proved by this circumstance. In the hills of Baiae which belong to Cumae3 sites are excavated for sweating-rooms.4 In these hot vapour rising deep down perforates the soil by the violence of its heat, and passing through it rises in these places, and so produces striking advantages in sweating-rooms." + }, + { + "id": 20915, + "la": "Non minus etiam memorentur antiquitus crevisse ardores et abundavisse sub Vesuvio monte et inde evomuisse circa agros flammam", + "en": "Not less also let it be recorded, that heats in antiquity grew and abounded under Mount Vesuvius, and thence belched forth flame round the country." + }, + { + "id": 20916, + "la": "Ideoque tunc quae spongia sive pumex Pompeianus vocatur excocto ex alio genere lapidis in hanc redacta esse videtur generis qualitatem", + "en": "And therefore now that which is called spongestone or Pompeian pumice seems to be brought to this general quality from another kind of stone when it is subjected to heat." + }, + { + "id": 20917, + "la": "Id autem genus spongiae, quod inde eximitur, non in omnibus locis nascitur nisi circum Aetnam et collibus Mysiae, quae a Graecis Catacecaumene nominatur, et si quae eiusdem modi sunt locorum proprietates", + "en": "But that kind of sponge stone which is taken thence is not found in all places, only round Etna and on the hills of Mysia (which is called Catacecaumene1 by the Greeks), and if there are in any other places properties of that kind." + }, + { + "id": 20918, + "la": "Si ergo in his locis aquarum ferventes inveniuntur fontes et omnibus excavatis calidi vapores ipsaque loca ab antiquis memorantur pervagantes in agris habuisse ardores, videtur esse certum ab ignis vehementia ex tofo terraque, quemadmodum in fornacibus et a calce, ita ex his ereptum esse liquorem", + "en": "If, therefore, in these places there are found hot springs, and in all excavations, warm vapours, and if the very places are related by the ancients to have had fires ranging over the fields, it seems to be certain that by the violence of fire, moisture has been removed from the tufa and earth just as from lime in kilns." + }, + { + "id": 20919, + "la": "Igitur dissimilibus et disparibus rebus correptis et in unam potestatem conlatis, calida umoris ieiunitas aqua repente satiata communibus corporibus latenti calore confervescit et vehementer efficit ea coire celeriterque unam soliditatis percipere virtutem", + "en": "Therefore, when unlike and unequal substances are caught together and brought into one nature, the hot desiccation, suddenly saturated with water, seethes together with the latent heat in the bodies affected, and causes them to combine vehemently and to gain rapidly one strong solidity." + }, + { + "id": 20920, + "la": "Relinquetur desideratio, quoniam ita sunt in Etruria ex aqua calida crebri fontes, quid ita non etiam ibi nascitur pulvis, e quo eadem ratione sub aqua structura solidescat", + "en": "Since in Etruria2 also there are frequent springs of hot water, there will remain the inquiry why there also the powder is not found, from which in the same manner walling may set under water." + }, + { + "id": 20921, + "la": "Itaque visum est, antequam desideraretur, de his rebus, quemadmodum esse videantur, exponere", + "en": "Therefore it seemed good, before inquiry was made on these matters, to set forth how they seemed to come about." + }, + { + "id": 20922, + "la": "Omnibus locis et regionibus non eadem genera terrae nec lapides nascuntur, sed nonnulla sunt terrena, alia sabulosa itemque glareosa, aliis locis harenosa, non minus materia, et omnino dissimili disparique genere in regionum varietatibus qualitates insunt in terra", + "en": "Neither the same kinds of soil nor the same rocks are found in all places and regions, but some are earthy, others of gravel, others pebbly, in other places sandy material; and generally there are found in the earth qualities of unlike and unequal kind with the various regions." + }, + { + "id": 20923, + "la": "Maxime autem id sic licet considerare, quod, qua mons Appenninus regionis Italiae Etruriaeque circa cingit, prope in omnibus locis non desunt fossicia harenaria, trans Appenninum vero, quae pars est ad Adriaticum mare, nulla inveniuntur, item Achaia, Asia, omnino trans mare, nec nominatur quidem", + "en": "But we may regard the matter especially in this way: almost everywhere, where the Apennine range encloses the regions of Italy and Etruria, sand-pits are found; whereas across the Apennines, where the land adjoins the Adriatic, none are found. Generally also it is not indeed even named across the sea in Achaia1 and Asia.2" + }, + { + "id": 20924, + "la": "Igitur non in omnibus locis, quibus effervent aquae calidae crebri fontes, eaedem opportunitates possunt similiter concurrere, sed omnia, uti natura rerum constituit, non ad voluntatem hominum, sed ut fortuito disparata procreantur", + "en": "Therefore not in all places in which frequent hot springs boil up can the same conveniences arise; but all things are generated as the Nature of Things has determined, not for the pleasure of man, but disparate as though by chance. 6." + }, + { + "id": 20925, + "la": "Ergo quibus locis non sunt terrosi montes sed genere materiae, ignis vis per eius venas egrediens adurit eam", + "en": "Therefore where-ever mountains are not of earth but of a woody kind, the force of fire escaping through the veins burns it up." + }, + { + "id": 20926, + "la": "Quod est molle et tenerum, exurit, quod autem asperum, relinquit", + "en": "It burns out what is soft and tender, but leaves what is rough." + }, + { + "id": 20927, + "la": "Itaque uti Campania exusta terra cinis, sic in Etruria excocta materia efficitur carbunculus", + "en": "Therefore just as in Campania, burnt-out earth becomes ashes, so in Etruria, charred stone becomes carbuncular." + }, + { + "id": 20928, + "la": "Utraque autem sunt egregia in structuris, sed alia in terrenis aedificiis, alia etiam in maritimis molibus habent virtutem", + "en": "Both are excellent in walling. But some materials have advantages in buildings on land, and others in piers built into the sea." + }, + { + "id": 20929, + "la": "Est autem materiae potestas mollior quam tofus, solidior quam terra, quo penitus ab uno vehementia vaporis adusto, nonnullis locis procreatur id genus harenae quod dicitur carbunculus", + "en": "The nature of wood is softer than tufa, more solid than the earth3; and when this is burnt deep down by the violence of vapour, there is generated in some places that kind of sand which is called lignite." + }, + { + "id": 20930, + "la": "De calce et harena, quibus varietatibus sint et quas habeant virtutes, dixi", + "en": "I have spoken of lime and sand, both of what varieties they are and what virtues they possess." + }, + { + "id": 20931, + "la": "Sequitur ordo de lapidicinis explicare, de quibus et quadrata saxa et caementorum ad aedificia eximuntur copiae et conparantur", + "en": "Next in order comes the description of the quarries from which both squared stone and supplies of rubble are taken and furnished for buildings." + }, + { + "id": 20932, + "la": "Haec autem inveniuntur esse disparibus et dissimilibus virtutibus", + "en": "Now these are found to be of unequal and unlike virtues." + }, + { + "id": 20933, + "la": "Sunt enim aliae molles, uti sunt circa urbem Rubrae, Pallenses, Fidenates, Albanae; aliae temperatae, uti Tiburtinae, Amiterninae, Soractinae et quae sunt his generibus; nonnullae durae, uti siliceae", + "en": "For some are soft, as they are in the neighbourhood of the city at Grotta Rossa,1 Palla2, Fidenae3 and Alba4; others are medium, as at Tivoli,5 Amiternum,6 Soracte,7 and those which are of these kinds; some hard, like lava." + }, + { + "id": 20934, + "la": "Sunt etiam alia genera plura, uti in Campania rubrum et nigrum tofum, in Umbria et Piceno et in Venetia albus, quod etiam serra dentata utilignum secatur", + "en": "There are also many other kinds, as red and black tufa in Campania8; in Umbria and Picenum and in Venetia, white stone which indeed is cut, like wood, with a toothed saw.9 2." + }, + { + "id": 20935, + "la": "Sed haec omnia quae mollia sunt, hanc habent utilitatem, quod ex his saxa cum sunt exempta, in opere faciliter tractantur", + "en": "But all these quarries which are of soft stone have this advantage: when stones are taken from these quarries they are easily handled in working," + }, + { + "id": 20936, + "la": "Et si sunt in locis tectis, sustineant laborem, si autem in apertis et patentibus, gelicidiis et pruina congesta friantur et dissolvuntur", + "en": "and if they are in covered places, they sustain their burden, but if they are in open and exposed places, they combine with ice and hoar frost, are turned to powder and are dissolved:" + }, + { + "id": 20937, + "la": "Item secundum oram maritimam ab salsugine exesa diffluunt neque perferunt aestus", + "en": "along the sea-coast, also, being weathered by the brine, they crumble and do not endure the heat." + }, + { + "id": 20938, + "la": "Tiburtina vero et quae eodem genere sunt omnia, sufferunt et ab oneribus et a tempestatibus iniurias, sed ab igni non possunt esse tuta, simulque sunt ab eo tacta, dissiliunt et dissipantur, ideo quod temperatura naturali parvo sunt umore itemque non multum habent terreni, sed aeris plurimum et ignis", + "en": "Travertine, however, and all stones which are of the same kind, withstand injury from heavy loads and from storms; but from fire they cannot be safe10; as soon as they are touched by it they crack and break up. And the reason is that by the nature of their composition they have little moisture and also not much earth, but much air and fire." + }, + { + "id": 20939, + "la": "Igitur cum et umor et terrenum in his minus inest, tum etiam ignis, tactu et vi vaporis ex his aere fugato, penitus insequens interveniorum vacuitates occupans fervescit et efficit a suis ardentia corporibus similia", + "en": "Therefore, since there is less moisture and earth in these, then also the fire, when the air has been expelled by the contact and violence of the heat, following far within and seizing upon the empty spaces of the fissures, seethes and produces, from its own substance, similar burning bodies." + }, + { + "id": 20940, + "la": "Sunt vero item lapidicinae conplures in finibus Tarquiniensium, quae dicuntur Anicianae, colore quemadmodum Albanae, quorum officinae maxime sunt circa lacum Vulsiniensem, item praefectura Statonensi", + "en": "But there are also several quarries in the neighbourhood of Tarquinii,1 known as the Anician,2 in colour like those of Alba, of which the workings are mostly round the lake of Bolsena,3 and also in the prefecture of Statonia." + }, + { + "id": 20941, + "la": "Haec autem habent infinitas virtutes; neque enim his gelicidiorum tempestas neque ignis tactus potest nocere, sed est firma et ad vetustatem ideo permanens, quod parum habet e naturae mixtione aeris et ignis, umoris autem temperate plurimumque terreni", + "en": "These also have infinite virtues; for they can neither be injured by weathering under frost nor by the approach of fire. But the stone is firm and wears well over a long time, because it has little air and fire in its natural mixture, a medium amount of moisture, and much of the earthy." + }, + { + "id": 20942, + "la": "Ita spissis conparationibus solidata neque ab tempestatibus neque ab ignis vehementia nocetur", + "en": "Thus solidified by its close composition, it is injured5 neither by weathering nor by the violence of fire." + }, + { + "id": 20943, + "la": "Id autem maxime iudicare licet e monumentis, quae sunt circa municipium Ferenti ex his facta lapidicinis", + "en": "Now this we may especially judge from the monuments, which are about the municipality of Ferentum,6 made from these quarries." + }, + { + "id": 20944, + "la": "Namque habent et statuas amplas factas egregie et minora sigilla floresque et acanthos eleganter scalptos4; quae, cum sint vetusta, sic apparent recentia, uti si sint modo facta", + "en": "For they have large statues strikingly made, and lesser figures and flowers and acanthus finely carved. These, old as they are, appear as fresh as if they were just made." + }, + { + "id": 20945, + "la": "Non minus etiam fabri aerarii de his lapidicinis in aeris flatura formas conparatas habent; ex his ad aes fundendum maximas utilitates", + "en": "None the less also, coppersmiths in their bronze castings get moulds from these quarries, and find great advantages from them for casting bronze." + }, + { + "id": 20946, + "la": "Quae si prope urbem essent, dignum esset, ut ex his officinis omnia opera perficerentur", + "en": "And if these were near the city, it would be worth while to execute all works from these stoneyards." + }, + { + "id": 20947, + "la": "Cum ergo propter propinquitatem necessitas cogat ex Rubris lapidicinis et Pallensibus et quae sunt urbi proximae copiis uti, si qui voluerit sine vitiis perficere, ita erit praeparandum", + "en": "Since then, because of their nearness, necessity compels the use of supplies from the quarries of Grotta Rossa and Palla, and others which are nearest to the city, we must take precautions if we wish to complete our work without faults." + }, + { + "id": 20948, + "la": "Cum aedificandum fuerit, ante biennium ea saxa non hieme sed aestate eximantur et iacentia permaneant in locis patentibus", + "en": "When we have to build, let the stone be got out two years before, not in winter but in summer, and let it lie and stay in exposed places." + }, + { + "id": 20949, + "la": "Quae autem eo biennio a tempestatibus tacta laesa fuerint, ea in fundamenta coiciantur; cetera, quae non erunt vitiata, ab natura rerum probata durare poterunt supra terram aedificata", + "en": "Those stones, however, which in the two years suffer damage by weathering, are to be thrown into the foundations. Those which are not faulty are tested by Nature, and can endure when used in building above ground." + }, + { + "id": 20950, + "la": "Nec solum ea in quadratis lapidibus sunt observanda, sed etiam in caementiciis structuris", + "en": "And these precautions are to be taken not only in the case of squared stones, but also for rough stone or rubble walling." + }, + { + "id": 20951, + "la": "Structurarum genera sunt haec: reticulatum quo nunc omnes utuntur, et antiquum quod incertum dicitur", + "en": "There are two kinds of walling; one like network, opus reticulatum,1 which all use now, and the old manner which is called opus incertum." + }, + { + "id": 20952, + "la": "Ex his venustius est reticulatum, sed ad rimas faciendas ideo paratum, quod in omnes partes dissoluta habet cubilia et coagmenta", + "en": "Of these the reticulatum is more graceful, but it is likely to cause cracks because it has the beds and joints in every direction." + }, + { + "id": 20953, + "la": "Incerta vero caementa alia super alia sedentia inter seque inbricata non speciosam sed firmiorem quam reticulata praestant structuram", + "en": "The uncertain rough work, opus incertum, lying course above course and breaking joints, furnishes walling which is not pleasing but is stronger than the reticulatum." + }, + { + "id": 20954, + "la": "Utraque autem ex minutissimis sunt instruenda, uti materia ex calce et harena crebriter parietes satiati diutius contineantur", + "en": "Both kinds of walling are to be built with very minute stones; so that the walls, thoroughly saturated with mortar of lime and sand, may hold longer together." + }, + { + "id": 20955, + "la": "Molli enim et rara potestate cum sint, exsiccant sugendo e materia sucum; cum autem superarit et abundarit copia calcis et harenae, paries plus habens umoris non cito fiet evanidus, sed ab his continetur", + "en": "For since the stones are of a soft and open nature, they dry up the moisture by sucking it out of the mortar. But when the supply of lime and sand is abundant, the wall having more moisture will not quickly become perishable, but holds together." + }, + { + "id": 20956, + "la": "Simul autem umida potestas e materia per caementorum raritatem fuerit exsucta calxque ab harena discedat et dissolvatur, item caementa non possunt cum his cohaerere, sed in vetustatem parietes efficiunt ruinosos", + "en": "When once, also, the moist power has been sucked out of the mortar, through the loose structure of the rubble, and the lime separates from the sand and is dissolved, the rubble also cannot cohere with them, but renders the walls ruinous with lapse of time." + }, + { + "id": 20957, + "la": "Id autem licet animadvertere etiam de nonnullis monumentis, quae circa urbem facta sunt e marmore seu lapidibus quadratis intrinsecusque medio calcata: structuris vetustate evanida facta materia caementorumque exstructa raritate, proruunt et coagmentorum ab ruina dissolutis iuncturis dissipantur", + "en": "This we may observe from some tombs which are built near1 the city, faced with marble or squared stone, and, in the interior, constructed with walling material pressed down. The mortar becomes perishable in time and is drawn out through the loose joints of the rubble. Hence the tombs collapse and disappear when the union of the joints is broken by settlement." + }, + { + "id": 20958, + "la": "Quodsi qui noluerit in id vitium incidere, medio cavo servato secundum orthostatas intrinsecus ex rubro saxo quadrato aut ex testa aut ex silicibus ordinariis struat bipedales parietes, et cum his ansis ferreis et plumbo frontes vinctae sint", + "en": "But if anyone does not wish to fall into this fault, let him keep the middle hollow behind the facings, and, on the inside, build walls two feet thick of red square stone2 or of baked brick3 or of lava,4 laid in proper courses, and let the facings be tied to these by iron clamps5 run in with lead." + }, + { + "id": 20959, + "la": "Ita enim non acervatim, sed ordine structum opus poterit esse sine vitio sempiternum, quod cubilia et coagmenta eorum inter se sedentia et iuncturis alligata non protrudent opus neque orthostatas inter se religatos labi patiuntur", + "en": "For thus the work is not built all of a heap but in order, and can last; because the beds and joints settling together and bound by ties do not thrust the work forward nor allow the facings bound in this way to give." + }, + { + "id": 20960, + "la": "Itaque non est contemnenda Graecorum structura; utuntur e molli caemento polita, sed cum discesserunt a quadrato, ponunt de silice seu lapide duro ordinaria, et ita uti latericia struentes alligant eorum alternis coriis coagmenta, et sic maxime ad aeternitatem firmas perficiunt virtutes", + "en": "Therefore the walling of the Greeks is not to be made light of. For they do not employ walling of soft rubble with stucco facing, but when they depart from ashlar,6 they lay courses of lava or hard stone, and, as with brick buildings, they bind their joints in alternate courses,1 and so they produce strength firm enough to last." + }, + { + "id": 20961, + "la": "Haec autem duobus generibus struuntur; ex his unum isodomum, alterum pseudisodomum appellatur", + "en": "Well, these are built in two kinds. Of these one is called isodomum, the other is called pseudisodomum." + }, + { + "id": 20962, + "la": "Isodomum dicitur, cum omnia coria aequa crassitudine fuerint structa; pseudisodomum, cum inpares et inaequales ordines coriorum diriguntur", + "en": "It is called isodomum when all the courses are built of an equal thickness; pseudisodomum when the courses are unequal and unlike." + }, + { + "id": 20963, + "la": "Ea utraque sunt ideo firma, primum quod ipsa caementa sunt spissa et solida proprietate neque de materia possunt exsugere liquorem, sed conservant ea in suo umore ad summam vetustatem; ipsaque eorum cubilia primum plana et librata posita non patiuntur ruere materiam, sed perpetua parietum crassitudine religata continent ad summam vetustatem", + "en": "Both are firm, for the reason especially that the rubble itself is of a thick and solid property, and cannot suck out the moisture from the mortar; the rubble preserves the mortar with its moisture for a long time; and the bed-joints of the stone, being laid flat and levelled, do not allow the mortar to sink down; but the stones being bonded in the unbroken thickness of the walls, keep the mortar together for a long time." + }, + { + "id": 20964, + "la": "Altera est quam enplecton appellant, qua etiam nostri rustici utuntur", + "en": "The second is that which they call enplecton, which our country people still use." + }, + { + "id": 20965, + "la": "Quorum frontes poliuntur, reliqua ita, uti sunt nata, cum materia conlocata alternis alligant coagmentis", + "en": "In this the faces are dressed2; the rest of the stones are laid with mortar in their natural state, and they bond them with alternating joints." + }, + { + "id": 20966, + "la": "Sed nostri celeritati studentes, erecta conlocantes frontibus serviunt et in medio faciunt fractis separatim cum materia caementis", + "en": "But people nowadays, being eager for speedy building, attend only to the facing, setting the stones on end, and fill it up in the middle with broken rubble and mortar." + }, + { + "id": 20967, + "la": "Ita tres suscitantur in ea structura crustae, duae frontium et una media farturae", + "en": "Thus three slices are raised in this walling, two of the facings, and a middle one of the filling in." + }, + { + "id": 20968, + "la": "Graeci vero non ita, sed plana conlocantes et longitudines eorum alternis in crassitudinem instruentes, non media farciunt, sed e suis frontatis perpetuam et unam crassitudinem parietum consolidant", + "en": "Not so the Greeks who lay the stones level and put the headers and stretchers alternately. Thus they have not to fill in the middle, but with their through facing stones they render solid the unbroken and single thickness of the walls." + }, + { + "id": 20969, + "la": "Prae caetera interponunt singulos crassitudine perpetua utraque parte frontatos, quos diatonous appellant, qui maxime religando confirmant parietum soliditatem", + "en": "In addition to the rest, they insert special stones facing on either front of unbroken thickness. These they call diatonos (through-stones), and they, by bonding, especially strengthen the solidity of the wall." + }, + { + "id": 20970, + "la": "Itaque si qui voluerit ex his commentariis animadvertere et elegere genus structurae, perpetuitatis poterit rationem habere", + "en": "Therefore if anyone will from these commentaries observe and select a style of walling, he will be able to take account of durability." + }, + { + "id": 20971, + "la": "Non enim quae sunt e molli caemento subtili facie venustatis, non eae possunt esse in vetustate non ruinosae", + "en": "For those which are of soft rubble with a thin and pleasing facing cannot fail to give way with lapse of time." + }, + { + "id": 20972, + "la": "Itaque cum arbitrio communium parietum sumuntur, non aestimant eos quanti facti fuerint, sed cum ex tabulis inveniunt eorum locationes, pretia praeteritorum annorum singulorum deducunt octogesimas et ita'ex reliqua summa parte reddi pro his parietibus'sententiam pronuntiant eos non posse plus quam\t annos lxxx durare", + "en": "Therefore when arbitrators1 are taken for party-walls, they do not value them at the price at which they were made, but when from the accounts they find the tenders for them, they deduct as price of the passing of each year the 80th part, and so'in that from the remaining sum repayment is made for these walls'they pronounce the opinion that the walls cannot last more than 80 years." + }, + { + "id": 20973, + "la": "De latericiis vero, dummodo ad perpendiculum sint stantes, nihil deducitur, sed quanti fuerint olim facti, tanti esse semper aestimantur", + "en": "There is no deduction2 made from the value of brick walls provided that they remain plumb; but they are always valued at as much as they were built for." + }, + { + "id": 20974, + "la": "Itaque nonnullis civitatibus et publica opera et privatas domos etiam regias a latere structas licet videre: et primum Athenis murum, qui spectat ad Hymettum montem et Pentelensem; item Patris in aede Iovis et Herculis latericias cellas, cum circa lapideae in aede epistylia sint et columnae; in Italia Arretio vetustum egregie factum murum", + "en": "Therefore in some cities we may see both public works and private houses and even palaces built of brick:3 and first, the wall at Athens which looks to Mount Hymettus4 and Pentelicus5; also at Patrae,6 brick cellae in the temple of Jupiter7 and Hercules, while round the temple there are entablatures and columns of stone; in Italy at Arezzo8 there is an old brick wall excellently built." + }, + { + "id": 20975, + "la": "Trallibus domus regibus Attalicis facta, quae ad habitandum semper datur ei, qui civitatis gerit sacerdotium", + "en": "At Tralles1 there is a palace built for the Attalid kings,2 which now is always given for a house to him who is the Priest of the City3:" + }, + { + "id": 20976, + "la": "Item Lacedaemone e quibusdam parietibus etiam picturae excisae intersectis lateribus inclusae sunt in ligneis formis et in comitium ad ornatum aedilitatis Varronis et Murenae fuerunt adlatae", + "en": "also at Lacedaemon the bricks were cut through from certain walls, the paintings4 were removed and enclosed in wooden frames, and brought into the Comitium5 as an ornament for the aedileship of Varro and Murena." + }, + { + "id": 20977, + "la": "Croesi domus, quam Sardiani civibus ad requiescendum aetatis otio seniorum collegio gerusiam dedicaverunt; item Halicarnasso potentissimi regis Mausoli domus, cum Proconnensio marmore omnia haberet ornata, parietes habet latere structos, qui ad hoc tempus egregiam praestant firmitatem ita tectoriis operibus expoliti, uti vitri perluciditatem videantur habere", + "en": "There is the palace of Croesus,6 which the people of Sardis7 dedicated to their fellow-citizens for repose in the leisure of their age, as an Almshouse8 for the College of the Elders. At Halicarnassus9 also, although the palace of the mighty king Mausolus10 had all parts finished with Proconnesian11 marble, it has walls built of brick.12 And these to this day maintain a striking firmness, being so finished with plaster work that they seem to have the translucency of glass." + }, + { + "id": 20978, + "la": "Neque is rex ab inopia id fecit; in infinitis enim vectigalibus erat fartus, quod imperabat Cariae toti", + "en": "Nor was it for lack of means that the king did this. For he was enriched by enormous revenues because he ruled over all Caria." + }, + { + "id": 20979, + "la": "Acumen autem eius et sollertiam ad aedificia paranda sic licet considerare", + "en": "We may thus consider his shrewdness and skill in providing buildings." + }, + { + "id": 20980, + "la": "Cum esset enim natus Mylasis et animadvertisset Halicarnasso locum naturaliter esse munitum, emporiumque idoneum portum utile, ibi sibi domum constituit", + "en": "For although he was born at Melisso,13 he observed at Halicarnassus a place naturally fortified, a suitable market, and a useful harbour, and he there established his palace." + }, + { + "id": 20981, + "la": "Is autem locus est theatri curvaturae similis", + "en": "Now that place is like the curvature of a theatre." + }, + { + "id": 20982, + "la": "Itaque in imo secundum portum forum est constitutum; per mediam autem altitudinis curvaturam praecinctionemque platea ampla latitudine facta, in qua media Mausoleum ita egregiis operibus est factum, ut in septem spectaculis nominetur", + "en": "The forum is placed at the lowest level along the harbour. But about the middle of the natural amphitheatre1 and, as it were, in a cross gangway, a street is constructed of ample width, in the middle of which the Mausoleum2 is built of such splendid workmanship that it is named among the Seven Sights of the world." + }, + { + "id": 20983, + "la": "In summa arce media Martis fanum habens statuam colossicam acrolithon nobili manu Leocharis factam", + "en": "In the middle of the top of the citadel4 is a temple of Mars5 having a statue of a colossus with marble extremities6 made by the famous hand of Leochares." + }, + { + "id": 20984, + "la": "Hanc autem statuam alii Leocharis, alii Timothei putant esse", + "en": "This statue some think is by Leochares, others by Timotheus." + }, + { + "id": 20985, + "la": "In cornu autem summo dextro Veneris et Mercuri fanum ad ipsum Salmacidis fontem", + "en": "On the right wing at the top is a temple of Venus and Mercury9 against Salmacis10 fountain itself." + }, + { + "id": 20986, + "la": "Is autem falsa opinione putatur venerio morbo inplicare eos, qui ex eo biberint", + "en": "This fountain, however, by a mistaken opinion, is thought to afflict with an aphrodisiac disease11 those who drink of it." + }, + { + "id": 20987, + "la": "Sed haec opinio quare per orbem terrae falso rumore sit pervagata, non pigebit exponere", + "en": "And why this opinion has wandered over the world through mistaken rumour it will not be inconvenient to set forth." + }, + { + "id": 20988, + "la": "Non enim quod dicitur molles et inpudicos ex ea aqua fieri, id potest esse, sed est eius fontis potestas perlucida saporque egregius", + "en": "For this cannot be because, as it is said, people are made effeminate and shameless by that water; the virtue of the spring is clearness and its flavour is excellent." + }, + { + "id": 20989, + "la": "Cum autem Melas et Areuanias ab Argis et Troezene coloniam communem eo loci deduxerunt, barbaros Caras et Lelegas eiecerunt", + "en": "Now when Melas and Arevanias led thither a joint colony from Argos and Troezen, they cast out the barbarians, Carians and Leleges." + }, + { + "id": 20990, + "la": "Hi autem ad montes fugati inter se congregantes discurrebant et ibi latrocinia facientes crudeliter eos vastabant", + "en": "But these being driven to the hills, gathered together and made raids, and by brigandage they devastated the Greeks cruelly." + }, + { + "id": 20991, + "la": "Postea de colonis unus ad eum fontem propter bonitatem aquae quaestus causa tabernam omnibus copiis instruxit eamque exercendo eos barbaros allectabat", + "en": "But afterwards one of the colonists,1 for the sake of profit, fitted up an inn with complete supplies, near the spring, on account of the goodness of the water, and running the inn, he began to attract the barbarians." + }, + { + "id": 20992, + "la": "Ita singillatim decurrentes et ad coetus convenientes e duro ferroque more commutati in Graecorum consuetudinem et suavitatem sua voluntate reducebantur", + "en": "So coming down one by one, and mixing with society, they changed of their own accord from their rough and wild habits to Greek customs and affability." + }, + { + "id": 20993, + "la": "Ergo ea aqua non inpudico morbi vitio, sed humanitatis dulcedine mollitis animis barbarorum eam famam est adepta", + "en": "Therefore this water obtained such a reputation, not by the plague of an immodest disease, but through the softening of savage breasts by the delights of civilisation." + }, + { + "id": 20994, + "la": "Relinquitur nunc, quoniam ad explicationem moenium eorum sum invectus, totam uti sunt definiam", + "en": "Since now I am brought to the description of these walls,2 it remains to outline it completely as they are." + }, + { + "id": 20995, + "la": "Quemadmodum enim in dextra parte fanum est Veneris et fons supra scriptus, ita in sinistro cornu regia domus, quam rex Mausolus ad suam rationem conlocavit", + "en": "For just as on the right side there are the temple of Venus and the spring above described, so on the left wing is the royal palace which King Mausolus had built to his own plan." + }, + { + "id": 20996, + "la": "Conspicitur enim ex ea ad dextram partem forum et portus moeniumque tota finitio, sub sinistram secretus sub montibus latens portus, ita ut nemo posset, quid in eo geratur, aspicere nec scire, ut rex ipse de sua domo remigibus et militibus sine ullo sciente quae opus essent, spectaret", + "en": "From it there is seen on the right side the forum and harbour and the whole circuit of the walls; under the left there is a secret harbour lying hid under high ground, in such a way that no one can see or know what is going on in it, so that the king from his own palace could see3 what was necessary for his sailors and soldiers, without anyone else knowing." + }, + { + "id": 20997, + "la": "Itaque post mortem Mausoli Artemisiam uxorem eius regnantem Rhodii indignantes mulierem imperare civitatibus Cariae totius, armata classe profecti sunt, uti id regnum occuparent", + "en": "Therefore when, after the death of Mausolus, his wife Artemisia4 began to reign, the Rhodians were indignant that a woman should rule over the cities throughout Caria, and equipping a fleet they set out to seize the kingdom. It was reported to Artemisia." + }, + { + "id": 20998, + "la": "Tum Artemisiae cum esset id renuntiatum, in eo portu abstrusam classem celatis remigibus et epibatis conparatis, reliquos autem cives in muro esse iussit", + "en": "She hid the fleet in the harbour, concealing the rowers and the marines she had got together, and ordered the rest of the citizens to man the walls." + }, + { + "id": 20999, + "la": "Cum autem Rhodii ornata classe in portum maiorem exposuissent, plausum iussit ab muro his darent pollicerique se oppidum tradituros", + "en": "Now when the Rhodians had landed, with a fleet well equipped, in the greater harbour, she commanded the citizens to greet them from the walls and to promise to surrender the town." + }, + { + "id": 21000, + "la": "Qui cum penetravissent intra murum relictis navibus inanibus, Artemisia repente fossa facta in pelagum eduxit classem ex portu minore et ita invecta est in maiorem", + "en": "These left their ships unmanned and penetrated within the wall. Artemisia, using an artificial outlet into the sea, suddenly led out her fleet from the lesser harbour and thus sailed into the greater." + }, + { + "id": 21001, + "la": "Expositis autem militibus classem Rhodiorum inanem abduxit in altum", + "en": "She then landed her soldiers and took the empty Rhodian fleet away to sea." + }, + { + "id": 21002, + "la": "Ita Rhodii non habentes, quo se reciperent, in medio conclusi in ipso foro sunt trucidati", + "en": "So the Rhodians, having no place of retreat, were surrounded and killed in the forum itself." + }, + { + "id": 21003, + "la": "Ita Artemisia in navibus Rhodiorum suis militibus et remigibus inpositis Rhodum est profecta", + "en": "So Artemisia, placing her own troops and rowers in the ships of the Rhodians sailed for Rhodes." + }, + { + "id": 21004, + "la": "Rhodii autem,cum prospexissent suas naves laureatas venire, opinantes cives victores reverti hostes receperunt", + "en": "But when the Rhodians saw their own ships come wreathed with laurel, they thought their fellow-citizens returned victorious and let the enemy in." + }, + { + "id": 21005, + "la": "Tum Artemisia Rhodo capta principibus occisis tropaeum in urbem Rhodo suae victoriae constituit aeneasque duas statuas fecit, unam Rhodiorum civitatis, alteram suae imaginis, et ita figuravit Rhodiorum civitati stigmata inponentem", + "en": "Then Artemisia took Rhodes, killed the leading citizens, and set up a trophy of her victory in the city of Rhodes, having two bronze statues made, one of the city of Rhodes, the other in her own likeness. She had the latter figured as setting a brand1 upon the city of Rhodes." + }, + { + "id": 21006, + "la": "Id autem postea Rhodii religione inpediti, quod nefas est tropaea dedicata removeri, circa eum locum aedificium struxerunt et id erecta Graia statione texerunt, ne qui possit aspicere, et id abaton vocitari iusserunt", + "en": "But afterwards the Rhodians, being restrained by a religious scruple because it is forbidden for trophies once dedicated to be removed,2 erected a building round the spot and protected it with a Greek outpost3 to prevent anyone seeing, and ordered this to be called unapproachable" + }, + { + "id": 21007, + "la": "Cum ergo tam magna potentia reges non contempserint latericiorum parietum structuras, quibus et vectigalibus et praeda saepius licitum fuerat non modo caementicio aut quadrato saxo sed etiam marmoreo habere, non puto oportere inprobare quae sunt e latericia structura facta aedificia, dummodo recte sint tecta", + "en": "Since, therefore, kings of very great power have not disdained walls built of brick (in cases where wealth gained by taxation and plunder allowed the use not only of rubble or squared stone, but even of marble), I do not think that buildings which are made of brick walls are to be disregarded so long as they are duly roofed." + }, + { + "id": 21008, + "la": "Sed id genus quid ita populo Romano in urbe fieri non oporteat, exponam, quaeque sunt eius rei causae et rationes, non praetermittam", + "en": "But why this fashion ought not to be followed out by the Roman people in the city I will set forth, and will not omit the causes and reasons of this." + }, + { + "id": 21009, + "la": "Leges publicae non patiuntur maiores crassitudines quam sesquipedales constitui loco communi; ceteri autem parietes, ne spatia angustiora fierent, eadem crassitudine conlocantur", + "en": "Public statutes do not allow a thickness of more than a foot and a half to be used for party walls. But other walls also are put up of the same thickness lest the space be too much narrowed." + }, + { + "id": 21010, + "la": "Latericii vero, nisi diplinthii aut triplinthii fuerint, sesquipedali crassitudine non possunt plus unam sustinere contignationem", + "en": "Now brick walls of a foot and a half'not being two or three bricks thick'cannot sustain more than one story." + }, + { + "id": 21011, + "la": "In ea autem maiestate urbis et civium infinita frequentia innumerabiles habitationes opus est explicare", + "en": "Yet with this greatness of the city and the unlimited crowding of citizens, it is necessary to provide very numerous dwellings." + }, + { + "id": 21012, + "la": "Ergo cum recipere non possit area planata tantam multitudinem ad habitandum in urbe, ad auxilium altitudinis aedificiorum res ipsa coegit devenire", + "en": "Therefore since a level site could not receive such a multitude to dwell in the city, circumstances themselves have compelled the resort to raising the height of buildings." + }, + { + "id": 21013, + "la": "Itaque pilis lapideis structuris testaceis, parietibus caementiciis altitudines extructae contignationibus crebris coaxatae cenaculorum ad summas utilitates perficiunt despectationes", + "en": "And so by means of stone pillars, walls of burnt brick, party walls of rubble, towers2 have been raised, and these being joined together by frequent board floors produce upper stories with fine views over the city to the utmost advantage." + }, + { + "id": 21014, + "la": "Ergo moenibus e contignationibus variis alto spatio multiplicatis populus Romanus egregias habet sine inpeditione habitationes", + "en": "Therefore walls are raised to a great height through various stories, and the Roman people has excellent dwellings without hindrance." + }, + { + "id": 21015, + "la": "Quoniam ergo explicata ratio est, quid ita in urbe propter necessitatem angustiarum non patiuntur esse latericios parietes, cum extra urbem opus erit his uti, sine vitiis ad vetustatem, sic erit faciendum", + "en": "Now, therefore, the reason is explained why, because of the limited space in the city, they do not allow walls to be of sun-dried bricks. When it shall be necessary to use them, outside the city, such walls will be sound and durable after the following manner." + }, + { + "id": 21016, + "la": "Summis parietibus structura testacea sub tegula subiciatur altitudine circiter sesquipedali habeatque proiecturas coronarum", + "en": "At the top of the walls let walling of burnt brick be put beneath the tiles, and let it have a projecting cornice. So the faults which usually happen here can be avoided." + }, + { + "id": 21017, + "la": "Ita vitari poterunt quae solent in his fieri vitia; cum enim in tecto tegulae fuerint fractae aut a ventis deiectae, qua possint ex imbribus aqua perpluere, non patietur lorica testacea laedi laterem, sed proiectura coronarum reiciet extra perpendiculum stillas et ea ratione servaverit integras parietum latericiorum structuras", + "en": "For when tiles in the roof are broken or thrown down by the wind (where rain-water could pass through from showers), the burnt brick shield will not allow the brickwork to be damaged; but the projection of the cornices will throw the drippings outside the facing line, and in that way will keep intact the structure of brick walls." + }, + { + "id": 21018, + "la": "De ipsa autem testa, si sit optima seu vitiosa ad structuram, statim nemo potest iudicare, quod in tempestatibus et aestate in tecto cum est conlocata, tunc, si est firma, probatur; namque quae non fuerit ex creta bona aut parum erit cocta, ibi se ostendit esse vitiosam gelicidiis et pruina tacta", + "en": "But whether the baked brick itself is very good or faulty for building, no one can judge its strength off hand, because only when it is laid as a coping is it tested by weathering and lapse of time. For brickwork that is not made of good clay or is too little baked shows its faults on the work when weathered by ice and hoar-frost." + }, + { + "id": 21019, + "la": "Ergo quae non in tectis poterit pati laborem, ea non potest in structura oneri ferendo esse firma", + "en": "Therefore the brickwork which cannot stand the strain in the coping courses cannot be strong enough in the walling to carry loads." + }, + { + "id": 21020, + "la": "Quare maxime ex veteribus tegulis tecta structa; parietes firmitatem poterunt habere", + "en": "Wherefore the coping courses are specially built from old tiles, and the walls will be strong enough." + }, + { + "id": 21021, + "la": "Craticii vero velim quidem ne inventi essent; quantum enim celeritate et loci laxamento prosunt, tanto maiori et communi sunt calamitati, quod ad incendia uti faces sunt parati", + "en": "I could wish that walls of wattlework1 had not been invented. For however advantageous they are in speed of erection and for increase of space, to that extent are they a public misfortune, because they are like torches ready for kindling." + }, + { + "id": 21022, + "la": "Itaque satius esse videtur inpensa testaceorum in sumptu, quam compendio craticiorum esse in periculo", + "en": "Therefore it seems better to be at greater expense by the cost of burnt brick than to be in danger by the convenience of wattlework walls:" + }, + { + "id": 21023, + "la": "Etiamque in tectoriis operibus rimas in his faciunt arrectariorum et transversariorum dispositione", + "en": "for these also make cracks in the plaster covering owing to the arrangement of the uprights and cross-pieces." + }, + { + "id": 21024, + "la": "Cum enim linuntur, recipientes umorem turgescunt, deinde siccescendo contrahuntur et ita extenuati disrumpunt tectoriorum soliditatem", + "en": "For when the plaster is applied, they take up the moisture and swell, then when they dry they contract, and so they are rendered thin, and break the solidity of the plaster." + }, + { + "id": 21025, + "la": "Sed quoniam nonnullos celeritas aut inopia aut in pendenti loco dissaeptio cogit, sic erit faciundum", + "en": "But since haste, or lack of means, or partitions made over an open space, sometimes require this construction, we must proceed as follows." + }, + { + "id": 21026, + "la": "Solum substruatur, ut sit intactum ab rudere et pavimento; obruta enim in his cum sunt, vetustate marcida fiunt; deinde subsidentia proclinantur et disrumpunt speciem tectoriorum", + "en": "Let the foundation be laid high up, so that it is untouched by the rough stones of the pavement; for when they are fixed in these, they become rotten in time; then they settle, and falling forward they break through the surface of the plaster." + }, + { + "id": 21027, + "la": "De parietibus et apparitione generatim materiae eorum, quibus sint virtutibus et vitiis, quemadmodum potui, exposui; de contignationibus autem et copiis earum, quibus conparentur, et ad vetustatem non sint infirmae, uti natura rerum monstrat, explicabo", + "en": "With respect to walls and the use of material after its kinds, I have explained their excellences and faults as I have been able. Now with respect to floors and the material from which they are provided, so that they may not be weakened by lapse of time, I will explain as nature shows." + }, + { + "id": 21028, + "la": "Materies caedenda est a primo autumno ad id tempus, quod erit antequam flare incipiat favonius", + "en": "Wood1 is to be felled from the beginning of autumn to the time which comes before the blowing of the west wind." + }, + { + "id": 21029, + "la": "Vere enim omnes arbores fiunt praegnates et omnes suae proprietatis virtutem efferunt in frondem anniversariosque fructus", + "en": "For in spring all trees become pregnant and discharge all the excellence of their own property into their foliage and yearly fruit." + }, + { + "id": 21030, + "la": "Cum ergo inanes et umidae temporum necessitate eorum fuerint, vanae fiunt et raritatibus inbecillae;", + "en": "When, therefore, they are rendered empty and moist in their season, they become void and weak by their open structure." + }, + { + "id": 21031, + "la": "uti etiam corpora muliebria, cum conceperint, ad foetus a partu non iudicantur integra, neque in venalibus ea, cum sunt praegnantia, praestantur sana, ideo quod in corpore praeseminatio crescens ex omnibus cibi potestatibus detrahit alimentum in se, et quo firmior efficitur ad maturitatem partus, eo minus patitur esse solidum id ex quo ipsum procreatur", + "en": "Females also, when they have conceived offspring, are not adjudged sound until delivery; and in the case of slaves, they are not guaranteed sound when they are pregnant, because the fertilisation as it spreads in the body draws nourishment to itself from the potencies of the food; and the stronger the offspring is rendered for its ripening, the less solid does it allow that to be from which it is engendered." + }, + { + "id": 21032, + "la": "Itaque edito foetu, quod prius in aliud genus incrementi detrahebatur, cum a disparatione procreationis est liberatum, inanibus et patentibus venis in se recipient", + "en": "And so when the offspring is brought forth, what previously was withdrawn to another kind of growth, the body will receive into itself through the empty and open pores." + }, + { + "id": 21033, + "la": "Lambendo sucum etiam solidescit et redit in pristinam naturae firmitatem", + "en": "By taking up juices it becomes solid, and returns to the strength of its former nature." + }, + { + "id": 21034, + "la": "Eadem ratione autumnali tempore maturitate fructuum flaccescente fronde, et terra recipientes radices arborum in se sucum reciperantur et restituuntur in antiquam soliditatem", + "en": "Likewise in autumn the leaves wither when the fruits are ripe. The roots of the trees receive into themselves the sap from the earth, and are recovered and restored to their old solidity." + }, + { + "id": 21035, + "la": "At vero aeris hiberni vis conprimit et consolidat eas per id, ut supra scriptum est, tempus", + "en": "But the power of the winter air compresses and consolidates them through that time as is written above." + }, + { + "id": 21036, + "la": "Ergo si ea ratione et eo tempore, quod est supra scriptum, caeditur materies, erit tempestiva", + "en": "Therefore if the wood is cut in the manner and at the time described above, it will be in season." + }, + { + "id": 21037, + "la": "Caedi autem ita oportet, uti incidatur arboris crassitudo ad mediam medullam, et relinquatur, uti per eam exsiccescat stillando sucus", + "en": "Now it ought to be cut so that the thickness of the tree is cut to the middle of the pith, and left, that the sap may dry out by dripping." + }, + { + "id": 21038, + "la": "Ita qui inest in his inutilis liquor effluens per torulum non patietur emori in eo saniem nec corrumpi materiae aequalitatem", + "en": "Thus the useless fluid which is in the veins flows out through the sapwood, and does not let the watery part die away in it, nor the quality of the wood to be corrupted." + }, + { + "id": 21039, + "la": "Tum autem, cum sicca et sine stillis erit arbor, deiciatur et ita erit optima in usu", + "en": "But when the tree is dry and does not drip, let it be cut down, and so it will be best in use." + }, + { + "id": 21040, + "la": "Hoc autem ita esse licet animum advertere etiam de arbustis", + "en": "This, moreover, we can perceive about shrubs also." + }, + { + "id": 21041, + "la": "Ea enim cum suo quoque tempore ad imum perforata castrantur, profundunt e medullis quae habent in se superantem et vitiosum, per foramina liquorem, et ita siccescendo recipiunt in se diuturnitatem", + "en": "When they are bored through at the base in their proper season and pruned, they pour forth from the pith, through the openings, the excessive and diseased fluid which they contain; and thus by drying they gain durability." + }, + { + "id": 21042, + "la": "Quae autem non habent ex arboribus exitus umoris, intra concrescentes putrescunt, et efficiunt inanes eas vitiosas", + "en": "But those trees which have no outlets of moisture, swell inside and rot, and are rendered hollow and diseased." + }, + { + "id": 21043, + "la": "Ergo si stantes et vivae siccescendo non senescunt, sine dubio cum eae ad materiam deiciuntur, cum ea ratione curatae fuerint, habere poterunt magnas in aedificiis ad vetustatem utilitates", + "en": "Therefore, if by draining when they are standing and alive trees are saved from decay, doubtless when they are felled for timber, if they are treated in the same way, they will have great advantages in buildings for durability." + }, + { + "id": 21044, + "la": "Hae autem inter se discrepantes et dissimiles habent virtutes, uti robur, ulmus, populus, cupressus, abies ceteraque, quae maxime in aedificiis sunt idonea", + "en": "Now trees have virtues varying and unlike one with another; for example, oak, elm, poplar, cypress, fir, and the rest which are most suitable in buildings." + }, + { + "id": 21045, + "la": "Namque non potest id robur quod abies, nec cupressus quod ulmus, nec cetera easdem habent inter se natura rerum similitates, sed singula genera principiorum proprietatibus conparata alios alii generis praestant in operibus effectus", + "en": "For the oak has not the same power as the fir, nor the cypress as the elm, nor have the rest by nature the same resemblances one with another. But the several kinds furnished with the properties of their first principles provide in the work various1 effects." + }, + { + "id": 21046, + "la": "Et primum abies aeris habens plurimum et ignis minimumque umoris et terreni, levioribus rerum naturae potestatibus conparata non est ponderata", + "en": "And first, the fir has most air and fire and least moisture and earth. Being thus furnished with the lighter powers of Nature, it is not weighed down." + }, + { + "id": 21047, + "la": "Itaque rigore naturali contenta non cito flectitur ab onere, sed directa permanet in contignatione", + "en": "It is held together by a natural stiffness, and is not quickly bent by a load, but remains straight in the flooring." + }, + { + "id": 21048, + "la": "Sed ea, quod habet in se plus caloris, procreat et alit cariem ab eaque vitiatur, etiamque ideo celeriter accenditur, quod quae inest in eo corpore aeris raritas et est patens, accipit ignem et ita vehementem ex se mittit flammam", + "en": "But timber which has more heat generates and feeds decay and is diseased by it. Fir is also soon kindled because the rarefaction of the air which is present in this body, and is porous, receives the fire, and so sends forth a vehement flame." + }, + { + "id": 21049, + "la": "Ex ea autem, antequam est excisa, quae pars est proxima terrae, per radices recipiens ex proximitate umorem enodis et liquida efficitur; quae vero est superior, vehementia caloris eductis in aera per nodos ramis, praecisa alte circiter pedes xx et perdolata propter nodationis duritiem dicitur esse fusterna", + "en": "Of the tree before it is cut down, the part which is nearest the earth receives the moisture from the neighbourhood through the roots and is rendered free from knots and moist. The upper part (since by the vehemence of the heat the branches are carried into the air through the knots) is cut off about twenty feet up. It is rough-axed and because of the hardness of the knotted portion is called knotwood." + }, + { + "id": 21050, + "la": "Ima autem, cum excisa quadrifluviis disparatur, eiecto torulo ex eadem arbore ad intestina opera conparatur et ab infima fusterna sappinea vocatur", + "en": "The lowest portion, however, when it is cut and divided in four directions,3 and the sapwood4 is rejected from the same tree, is used for inside work, and is called deal." + }, + { + "id": 21051, + "la": "Contra vero quercus terrenis principiorum satietatibus abundans parumque habens umoris et aeris et ignis, cum in terrenis operibus obruitur, infinitam habet aeternitatem", + "en": "The oak (quercus robur), on the other hand, abounds in earthy saturations of the elements, and has little moisture and air and fire. When it is buried in foundations, it has unlimited duration." + }, + { + "id": 21052, + "la": "Ex eo cum tangitur umore, non habens foraminum raritates propter spissitatem non potest in corpus recipere liquorem, sed fugiens ab umore resistit et torquetur et efficit, in quibus est operibus, ea rimosa", + "en": "Hence, when it is touched by moisture, not having open pores, it cannot because of its density admit fluids into its substance, but, shrinking from moisture, it stands and is warped2 and causes cracks in the work." + }, + { + "id": 21053, + "la": "Aesculus vero, quod est omnibus principiis temperata, habet in aedificiis magnas utilitates; sed ea, cum in umore conlocatur, recipiens penitus per foramina liquorem eiecto aere et igni operatione umidae potestatis vitiatur", + "en": "But the winter oak (quercus aesculus3), because it is blended with all the elements, has great advantages in building. Yet when it is placed in water, it admits the fluid within, through the pores, and losing air and fire is damaged by the operation of the humid potency." + }, + { + "id": 21054, + "la": "Cerrus quercus fagus, quod pariter habent mixtionem umoris et ignis et terreni, aeris plurimum, provisa raritates umoris penitus recipiendo celeriter marcescunt", + "en": "The Turkey oak4 and the beech, because they have a mixture of the humid, the fiery and the earthy, and an excess of air, being furnished with open pores, admit moisture and quickly decay." + }, + { + "id": 21055, + "la": "Populus alba et nigra, item salix, tilia vitex ignis et aeris habendo satietatem, umoris temperate, parum autem terreni habens leviore temperatura comparata, egregiam habere videtur in usu rigiditatem", + "en": "The white and black poplar, the willow also, the lime, the agnus castus,5 having the fire and air to saturation, the humid in moderation, too little of the earthy, are composed of a lighter mixture, and seem to have unusual firmness in use." + }, + { + "id": 21056, + "la": "Ergo cum non sint dura terreni mixtione propter raritatem sunt candida et in sculpturis commodam praestant tractabilitatem", + "en": "Although, therefore, they are not hard owing to the mixture of the earthy, they are rendered white by their porous structure and are convenient to handle in the case of carving." + }, + { + "id": 21057, + "la": "Alnus autem, quae proxima fluminum ripis procreatur et minime materies utilis videtur, habet in se egregias rationes", + "en": "But the alder, which grows next the banks of rivers, and seems a useless timber, has nevertheless some remarkable applications." + }, + { + "id": 21058, + "la": "Etenim aere et igni plurimo temperata, non multum terreno, umore paulo", + "en": "For it is blended with much air and fire, not much earth, little of the humid." + }, + { + "id": 21059, + "la": "Itaque in palustribus locis infra fundamenta aedificiorum palationibus crebre fixa,recipiens in se quod minus habet in corpore liquoris, permanet inmortalis ad aeternitatem et sustinet inmania pondera structurae et sine vitiis conservat", + "en": "And so frequently alder stakes, being fixed in marshy ground below the foundations of buildings, admit fluid because they have a less quantity in their substance. Hence they remain imperishable to eternity, uphold immense weights of walling, and preserve them without decaying." + }, + { + "id": 21060, + "la": "Ita quae non potest extra terram paulum tempus durare, ea in umore obruta permanet ad diuturnitatem", + "en": "Thus a timber which cannot endure even a short time above ground, when it is buried in moisture abides for long periods." + }, + { + "id": 21061, + "la": "Est autem maximum id considerare Ravennae, quod ibi omnia opera et publica et privata sub fundamentis eius generis habeant palos", + "en": "Now we can best consider this at Ravenna; because there all works both public and private have piles1 of this kind under their foundations." + }, + { + "id": 21062, + "la": "Ulmus vero et fraxinus maximos habent umoris minimumque aeris et ignis, terreni temperate mixtione comparatae", + "en": "But the elm and the ash have an excess of moisture, very little air and fire, and are provided moderately with a mixture of the earthy." + }, + { + "id": 21063, + "la": "Sunt in operibus, cum fabricantur, lentae et ab pondere umoris non habent rigorem et celeriter pandant; simul autem vetustate sunt aridae factae aut in agro perfecto qui est eis liquor stantes emoriuntur, fiunt duriores et in commissuris et coagmentationibus ab lentitudine firmas recipiunt catenationes", + "en": "When they are wrought for buildings they are pliant, and, owing to the weight of moisture, they are without stiffness and quickly bend. In time, however, they become dried up, or the moisture which is in them being cast forth, they are allowed to die off, standing in the open. At the same time they become harder, and owing to their pliability they make good joints, both upright and horizontal." + }, + { + "id": 21064, + "la": "Item carpinus, quod est minima ignis et terreni mixtione, aeris autem et umoris summa continetur temperatura, non est fragilis, sed habet utilissimam tractabilitatem", + "en": "The hornbeam2 has a slight mixture of fire and earth, and is compounded with a full supply of air and moisture; it is not fragile, but is most convenient to handle." + }, + { + "id": 21065, + "la": "Itaque Graeci, quod ex ea materia iuga iumentis conparant, quod apud eos iuga zyga vocitantur, item zygian eam appellant", + "en": "And so the Greeks, because they prepare yokes for cattle from this wood, and because among them yokes are called zyga, also call it zygia." + }, + { + "id": 21066, + "la": "Non minus est admirandum de cupresso et pinu, quod eae habentes umoris abundantiam aequamque ceterorum mixtionem, propter umoris satietatem in operibus solent esse pandae, sed in vetustatem sine vitiis conservantur, quod is liquor, qui inest penitus in corporibus earum, habet amarum saporem qui propter acritudinem non patitur penetrare cariem neque eas bestiolas quae sunt nocentes", + "en": "There is not less cause for wonder in the cypress and the pine. They have abundance of moisture, equal to the whole mixture of the rest. Because of their saturation with moisture, they usually warp in use, but they last for a long time without decay. For the moisture which is within the timber has a bitter flavour." + }, + { + "id": 21067, + "la": "Ideoque quae ex his generibus opera constituuntur, permanent ad aeternam diuturnitatem", + "en": "Because of its bitterness it prevents the entrance of decay and of those small creatures which are injurious." + }, + { + "id": 21068, + "la": "Item cedrus et iuniperus easdem habent virtutes et utilitates; sed quemadmodum ex cupressu et pinu resina, ex cedro oleum quod cedrium dicitur, nascitur, quo reliquae res cum sunt unctae, uti etiam libri, a tineis et carie non laeduntur", + "en": "And so the works which are executed from these kinds of trees endure an unlimited time. Cedar and juniper, also, have the same virtues and advantages. Just as resin comes from cypress and pine, so from cedar comes the oil which is called oil of cedar. When other things, as, for example, books, are soaked with this,1 they escape injury from worms and dry rot." + }, + { + "id": 21069, + "la": "Arboris autem eius sunt similes cupresseae foliaturae; materies vena directa", + "en": "The tree is like the cypress in foliage; the wood is of a straight vein." + }, + { + "id": 21070, + "la": "Ephesi in aede simulacrum Dianae ex ea, lacunaria et ibi et in ceteris nobilibus fanis propter aeternitatem sunt facta", + "en": "In the temple at Ephesus, the image of Diana, the coffers of the ceiling also, are made of these trees2'as also in other famous temples'because of their durability." + }, + { + "id": 21071, + "la": "Nascuntur autem eae arbores maxime Cretae et Africae et nonnullis Syriae regionibus", + "en": "Now these trees are found especially in the regions of Crete and Africa and parts of Syria." + }, + { + "id": 21072, + "la": "Larix vero, qui non est notus nisi is municipalibus qui sunt circa ripam fluminis Padi et litora maris Hadriani, non solum ab suco vehementi amaritate ab carie aut tinea non nocetur, sed etiam flammam ex igni non recipit, nec ipse per se potest ardere, nisi uti saxum in fornace ad calcem coquendam aliis lignis uratur; nec tamen tunc flammam recipit nec carbonem remittit, sed longo spatio tarde comburitur", + "en": "The larch is known only to the provincials on the banks of the river Po and the shores of the Adriatic Sea. Owing to the fierce bitterness of its sap, it is not injured by dry rot or the worm. Further, it does not admit flame from fire, nor can it burn of itself; only along with other timber it may burn stone in the kiln for making lime. Nor even then does it admit flame or produce charcoal, but is slowly consumed over a long interval." + }, + { + "id": 21073, + "la": "Quod est minima ignis et aeris e principiis temperatura, umore autem et terreno est spisse solidata, non habet spatia foraminum, qua possit ignis penetrare, reicitque eius vim nec patitur ab eo sibi cito noceri, propterque pondus ab aqua non sustinetur, sed cum portatur, aut in navibus aut supra abiegnas rates conlocatur", + "en": "For there is the least admixture of fire and air, while the moist and the earthy principles are closely compressed. It has no open pores by which the fire can penetrate, and repels its force and prevents injury being quickly done to itself by fire. Because of its weight it is not sustained by water; but when it is carried, it is placed on board ship, or on pine rafts." + }, + { + "id": 21074, + "la": "Ea autem materies quemadmodum sit inventa, est causa cognoscere", + "en": "We have reason to inquire how this timber was discovered." + }, + { + "id": 21075, + "la": "Divus Caesar cum exercitum habuisset circa Alpes imperavissetque municipiis praestare commeatus, ibique esset castellum munitum, quod vocaretur Larignum, tunc, qui in eo fuerunt, naturali munitione confisi noluerunt imperio parere", + "en": "After the late emperor Caesar had brought his forces into the neighbourhood of the Alps, and had commanded the municipalities to furnish supplies,2 he found there a fortified stronghold which was called Larignum. But the occupants trusted to the natural strength of the place and refused obedience." + }, + { + "id": 21076, + "la": "Itaque imperator copias iussit admoveri", + "en": "The emperor therefore commanded his forces to be brought up." + }, + { + "id": 21077, + "la": "erat autem ante eius castelli portam turris ex hac materia alternis trabibus transversis uti pyra inter se composita alte, uti posset de summo sudibus et lapidibus accedentes repellere", + "en": "Now before the gate of the stronghold there stood a tower of this wood with alternate cross-beams bound together like a funeral pyre, so that it could drive back an approaching enemy by stakes and stones from the top." + }, + { + "id": 21078, + "la": "Tunc vero cum animadversum est alia eos tela praeter sudes non habere neque posse longius a muro propter pondus iaculari, imperatum est fasciculos ex virgis alligatos et faces ardentes ad eam munitionem accedentes mittere", + "en": "But when it was perceived that they had no other weapons but stakes, and because of their weight they could not throw them far from the wall, the order was given to approach, and to throw bundles of twigs and burning torches against the fort." + }, + { + "id": 21079, + "la": "Itaque celeriter milites congesserunt", + "en": "And the troops quickly heaped them up." + }, + { + "id": 21080, + "la": "Posteaquam flamma circa illam materiam virgas comprehendisset, ad caelum sublata efficit opinionem, uti videretur iam tota moles concidisse", + "en": "The flame seizing the twigs around the wood, rose skyward and made them think that the whole mass had collapsed." + }, + { + "id": 21081, + "la": "Cum autem ea per se extincta esset et re quieta turris intacta apparuisset, admirans Caesar iussit extra telorum missionem eos circumvallari", + "en": "But when the fire had burnt itself out and subsided. and the tower appeared again intact, Caesar was surprised and ordered the town to be surrounded by a rampart outside the range of their weapons." + }, + { + "id": 21082, + "la": "Itaque timore coacti oppidani cum se dedidissent, quaesitum, unde essent ea ligna quae ab igni non laederentur", + "en": "And so the townspeople were compelled by fear to surrender. The inquiry was made where the timber came from which was unscathed by the fire." + }, + { + "id": 21083, + "la": "Tunc ei demonstraverunt eas arbores, quarum in his locis maximae sunt copiae", + "en": "Then they showed him the trees, of which there is an abundant supply in these parts." + }, + { + "id": 21084, + "la": "Et ideo id castellum Larignum, item materies larigna est appellata", + "en": "The fort was called Larignum following the name of the larch wood." + }, + { + "id": 21085, + "la": "Haec autem per Padum Ravennam deportatur", + "en": "Now this is brought down the Po to Ravenna1;" + }, + { + "id": 21086, + "la": "In colonia Fanestri, Pisauri, Anconae reliquisque, quae sunt in ea regione, municipiis praebetur", + "en": "there are also supplies at the Colony2 of Fanum, at Pisaurum and Ancona and the municipia in that region." + }, + { + "id": 21087, + "la": "Cuius materies si esset facultas adportationibus ad urbem, maximae haberentur in aedificiis utilitates, et si non in omne, certe tabulae in subgrundiis circum insulas si essent ex ea conlocatae, ab traiectionibus incendiorum aedificia periculo liberarentur, quod ea neque flammam nec carbonem possunt recipere nec facere per se", + "en": "And if there were a provision for bringing this timber to Rome, there would be great advantages in building; and if such wood were used, not perhaps generally, but in the eaves round the building blocks, these buildings would be freed from the danger of fires spreading. For this timber can neither catch fire nor turn to charcoal, nor burn of itself." + }, + { + "id": 21088, + "la": "Sunt autem eae arbores foliis similibus pini; materies earum prolixa, tractabilis ad intestinum opus non minus quam sappinea, habetque resinam liquidam mellis Attici colore, quae etiam medetur phthisicis", + "en": "Now these trees have leaves like those of the pine, the timber is tall, and for joinery work not less handy than deal. It has a liquid resin coloured like Attic honey. This is a cure for phthisical persons." + }, + { + "id": 21089, + "la": "De singulis generibus, quibus proprietatibus e natura rerum videantur esse conparatae quibusque procreantur rationibus, exposui", + "en": "Concerning the several kinds of trees, I have set forth the properties of which they seem to be naturally composed, and the manner in which they come to grow." + }, + { + "id": 21090, + "la": "Insequitur animadversio, quid ita quae in urbe supernas dicitur abies, deterior est, quae infernas, egregios in aedificiis ad diuturnitatem praestat usus, et de his rebus, quemadmodum videantur e locorum proprietatibus habere vitia aut virtutes, uti ea sint considerantibus apertiora, exponere", + "en": "The inquiry follows why the pine called Highland in Rome is inferior, whereas the so-called Lowland pine furnishes striking advantages for durability in buildings. On this topic I will set forth how they seem to acquire defects or excellences from the properties of their localities, so that they may be more obvious to the inquirer." + }, + { + "id": 21091, + "la": "Montis Appennini primae radices ab Tyrrenico mari in Alpis et in extremas Etruriae regiones oriuntur", + "en": "The first roots of the Apennines rise from the Tyrrhenian sea towards the Alps3 and the borders of Etruria." + }, + { + "id": 21092, + "la": "Eius vero montis iugum se circumagens et media curvatura prope tangens oras maris Hadriani pertingit circumitionibus contra fretum", + "en": "But the ridge of the range bends round and in the middle of the curve almost touches the shores of the Adriatic." + }, + { + "id": 21093, + "la": "Itaque citerior eius curvatura quae vergit ad Etruriae Campaniaeque regiones, apricis est potestatibus; namque impetus habet perpetuos ad solis cursum", + "en": "In its circuit it reaches the opposite straits.1 The nearer slope, which turns to the regions of Etruria and Campania, has a sunny aspect. For it has an unbroken direction towards the suns course." + }, + { + "id": 21094, + "la": "Ulterior autem, quae est proclinata ad superum mare, septentrionali regioni subiecta continetur umbrosis et opacis perpetuitatibus", + "en": "But the further slope, which inclines to the Adriatic, lies towards the northern quarter, and is bounded by unbroken tracts of land overshadowed and gloomy." + }, + { + "id": 21095, + "la": "Itaque quae in ea parte nascuntur arbores, umida potestate nutritae non solum ipsae augentur amplissimis magnitudinibus, sed earum quoque venae umoris copia repletae urgentis liquoris abundantia saturantur", + "en": "And so the trees which grow in that part absorb a humid element. Not only do they grow to an immense size, but their pores, being filled with a supply of moisture, are saturated with an abundance of pressing fluid." + }, + { + "id": 21096, + "la": "Cum autem excisae et dolatae vitalem potestatem amiserunt, venarum rigore permanente siccescendo propter raritatem fiuntinanes et evanidae, ideoque in aedificiis non possunt habere diuturnitatem", + "en": "But when they are cut down and axed they lose their vital force: remaining with the pores stiff and open, they dry, become hollow and perishable, and so cannot last in buildings." + }, + { + "id": 21097, + "la": "Quae autem ad solis cursum spectantibus locis procreantur, non habentes interveniorum raritates siccitatibus exsuctae solidantur, quia sol non modo ex terra lambendo sed etiam ex arboribus educit umores", + "en": "But those which grow in places facing the suns course, lacking the open spaces of the pores, are drained by dryness and solidified. For the sun licks up and draws moisture not only from the ground but also from trees." + }, + { + "id": 21098, + "la": "Itaque, sunt in apricis regionibus, spissis venarum crebritatibus solidatae non habentes ex umore raritatem; quae, cum in materiem perdolantur, reddunt magnas utilitates ad vetustatem", + "en": "And so the trees in sunny regions are solidified by the closeness of their pores, and are free from the attenuation which is caused by moisture. When they are hewn into timber they furnish great advantages for durability." + }, + { + "id": 21099, + "la": "Ideo infernates, quod ex apricis locis adportantur, meliores sunt, quam quae ab opacis de supernatibus advehuntur", + "en": "Therefore the lowland pine because it is brought from sunny districts is better than that which is brought from sunless districts in the highlands." + }, + { + "id": 21100, + "la": "Quantum animo considerare potui, de copiis quae sunt necessariae in aedificiorum conparationibus, et quibus temperaturis e rerum natura principiorum habere videantur mixtionem quaeque insunt in singulis generibus virtutes et vitia, uti non sint ignota aedificantibus, exposui", + "en": "As far as I have been able to consider them in my mind I have set forth the supplies which are necessary in the erection of buildings, the natural combinations by which they seem to have their elements mixed, the excellences and defects which are present in their several kinds, so that they may not be unknown to persons engaged in building." + }, + { + "id": 21101, + "la": "Ita, qui potuerint eorum praeceptorum sequi praescriptiones, erunt prudentiores singulorumque generum usum eligere poterunt in operibus", + "en": "Thus, if anyone can follow out the instructions laid down, he will be wiser and more able in his work to choose the use of the several kinds of material." + }, + { + "id": 21102, + "la": "Ergo quoniam de apparitionibus est explicatum, in ceteris voluminibus de ipsis aedificiis exponitur; et primum de deorum inmortalium aedibus sacris et de earum symmetriis et proportionibus, uti ordo postulat, insequenti perscribam", + "en": "Since then we have explained the modes of preparation, in the remaining books we set forth the kinds of building. And first, as order demands, I will describe in the following book the temples of the immortal gods, their symmetries and proportions." + }, + { + "id": 21103, + "la": "Delphicus Apollo Socratem omnium sapientissimum Pythiae responsis est professus", + "en": "Delphic Apollo, by the replies of the Pythian priestess, declared Socrates the wisest of all men." + }, + { + "id": 21104, + "la": "Is autem memoratur prudenter doctissimeque dixisse, oportuisse hominum pectora fenestrata et aperta esse, uti non occultos haberent sensus sed patentes ad considerandum", + "en": "He is recorded to have said with wisdom and great learning that the hearts of men ought to have had open windows so that they might not keep their notions hidden, but open for inspection." + }, + { + "id": 21105, + "la": "Utinam vero rerum natura sententiam eius secuta explicata et apparentia ea constituisset! Si enim ita fuisset, non solum laudes aut vitia animorum ad manum aspicerentur, sed etiam disciplinarum scientiae sub oculorum consideratione subiectae non incertis iudiciis probarentur, sed et doctis et scientibus auctoritas egregia et stabilis adderetur", + "en": "Would that Nature had followed his opinion, and made them explicit and manifest! For if it had been so, not only would the merits or defects of human minds be seen at once, but the knowledge of disciplines also, lying under the view of the eyes, would be tested by no uncertain judgments; and a distinguished and lasting authority would be added both to learned and to accomplished men." + }, + { + "id": 21106, + "la": "Igitur quoniam haec non ita, sed uti natura rerum voluit, sunt constituta, non efficitur ut possint homines obscuratis sub pectoribus ingeniis scientias artificiorum penitus latentes, quemadmodum sint, iudicare", + "en": "Therefore since these things have been ordained otherwise, and as Nature willed, it is impossible for other men, when talent is concealed in the breast, to judge how such deeply hidden knowledge of the arts really stands." + }, + { + "id": 21107, + "la": "Ipsique artifices pollicerentur suam prudentiam, si non pecunia sint copiosi sed vetustate officinarum habuerint notitiam; aut etiam gratia forensi et eloquentia cum fuerint parati, pro industria studiorum auctoritates possunt habere, ut eis, quod profitentur scire, id crederetur", + "en": "Yet those craftsmen1 themselves would offer their skill who while they lack wealth yet have the knowledge based on workshop experience; or indeed when they are equipped with the graceful eloquence of the pleader, they can gain the authority corresponding to their industry, and have the credit of knowing what they profess." + }, + { + "id": 21108, + "la": "Maxime autem id animadvertere possumus ab antiquis statuariis et pictoribus, quod ex his, qui dignitates notas et commendationis gratiam habuerunt, aeterna memoria ad posteritatem sunt permanentes, uti Myron, Polycletus, Phidias, Lysippus ceterique, qui nobilitatem ex arte sunt consecuti", + "en": "Now we can best observe this in the case of ancient statuaries and painters; for of these, those who have a recognised dignity and the influence based on commendation abide to after times in an everlasting remembrance: Myron,1 Polyclitus,1 Phidias,2 Lysippus3 and others who from their art have attained renown." + }, + { + "id": 21109, + "la": "Namque ut civitatibus magnis aut regibus aut civibus nobilibus opera fecerunt, ita id sunt adepti", + "en": "For they got it by working for great states or kings or famous citizens." + }, + { + "id": 21110, + "la": "At qui non minori studio et ingenio sollertiaque fuerunt nobilibus et humili fortuna civibus non minus egregie perfecta fecerunt opera, nullam memoriam sunt adsecuti, quod hi non ab industria neque artis sollertia sed a Felicitate fuerunt decepti, ut Hegias Atheniensis, Chion Corinthius, Myagrus Phocaeus, Pharax Ephesius, Boedas Byzantius etiamque alii plures", + "en": "But those who had not less eagerness, and were distinguished by talent and skill, but being of humble fortune executed for their fellow-citizens works not less perfect, gained no reputation. For they were left behind not in perseverance or in skill but by Good Fortune: for example, Hegias4 of Athens, Chion of Corinth, Myagrus the Phocean,5 Pharax of Ephesus, Boedas of Byzantium6 and many others also;" + }, + { + "id": 21111, + "la": "Non minus item, pictores, uti Aristomenes Thasius, Polycles et Androcydes 5ni, Theo Magnes ceterisque, quos neque industria neque artis studium neque sollertia defecit, sed aut rei familiaris exiguitas aut inbecillitas fortunae seu in ambitione certationis contrariorum superatis obstitit eorum dignitati", + "en": "painters also not less, such as Aristomenes the Thasian, Polycles and Androcydes7 of Cyzicus, Theo8 the Magnesian, and others to whom neither industry nor craftsmans zeal nor skill was lacking: but their reputation was hindered, either by scanty possessions, or poor fortune, or the victory of rivals in competitions." + }, + { + "id": 21112, + "la": "Nec tamen est admirandum, si propter ignotitiam artis virtutes obscurantur, sed maxime indignandum, cum etiam saepe blandiatur gratia conviviorum a veris iudiciis ad falsam probationem", + "en": "Yet we must not be surprised if excellence is in obscurity through the public ignorance of craftsmanship. But we ought to be specially indignant when also, as often happens, social influence beguiles men from exact judgments to a feigned approval." + }, + { + "id": 21113, + "la": "Ergo, uti Socrati placuit, si ita sensus et sententiae scientiaeque disciplinis auctae perspicuae et perlucidae fuissent, non gratia neque ambitio valeret, sed si qui veris certisque laboribus doctrinarum pervenissent ad scientiam summam, eis ultro opera traderentur", + "en": "Therefore, as Socrates thought, if human notions and opinions and knowledge increased by study were manifest and transparent, neither influence nor intrigue would avail; but commissions would be entrusted to such persons as had attained the highest knowledge by their genuine and assured professional labour." + }, + { + "id": 21114, + "la": "Quoniam autem ea non sunt inlustria neque apparentia in aspectu, ut putamus oportuisse, et animadverto potius indoctos quam doctos gratia superare, non esse certandum iudicans cum indoctis ambitione, potius his praeceptis editis ostendam nostrae scientiae virtutem", + "en": "Since, however, these things are not conspicuous nor apparent to the sight, as we think they ought to have been, and I perceive the ignorant excel in influence rather than the learned, I judge that we must not rival the ignorant in their intrigues; but I will rather display the excellence of our knowledge by the publication of these rules." + }, + { + "id": 21115, + "la": "Itaque, imperator, in primo volumine tibi de arte et quas habeat ea virtutes quibusque disciplinis oporteat esse auctum architectum, exposui et subieci causas, quidita earum oporteat eum esse peritum, rationesque summae architecturae partitione distribui finitionibusque terminavi", + "en": "Therefore, your Highness, in the first book, I set before you our craft and its excellences and the studies by which the architect should improve himself; I furnished the reasons why he ought to be skilled in them; I analysed the methods of architecture generally, and assigned their limits by my definitions." + }, + { + "id": 21116, + "la": "Deinde, quod erat primum et necessarium, de moenibus, quemadmodum eligantur loci salubres, ratiocinationibus explicui, ventique qui sint et e quibus singuli spirant, deformationibus grammicis ostendi, platearumque et vicorum uti emendate fiant distributiones in moenibus, docui et ita finitionem primo volumine constitui", + "en": "Then, as matter of prime necessity, I explained by argument with reference to walled cities, how healthy sites are chosen and showed by geometrical figures the various winds, and the quarters from which they severally blow. I taught the way to distribute in an accurate manner the main and side streets within the walls, and so completed my first book." + }, + { + "id": 21117, + "la": "Item in secundo de materia, quas habeat in operibus utilitates et quibus virtutibus e natura rerum est comparata, peregi", + "en": "In the second book I dealt with the employment of materials in building and with the excellences which they naturally possess." + }, + { + "id": 21118, + "la": "Nunc in tertio de deorum inmortalium aedibus sacris dicam et, uti oporteat, perscriptas exponam", + "en": "Now in the third book I will speak of the temples of the Gods and will set them out in detail in a proper manner." + }, + { + "id": 21119, + "la": "Aedium compositio constat ex symmetria, cuius rationem diligentissime architecti tenere debent", + "en": "The planning of temples depends upon symmetry: and the method of this architects must diligently apprehend." + }, + { + "id": 21120, + "la": "Ea autem paritur a proportione, quae graece analogia dicitur", + "en": "It arises from proportion (which in Greek is called analogia)." + }, + { + "id": 21121, + "la": "Proportio est ratae partis membrorum in omni opere totiusque commodulatio, ex qua ratio efficitur symmetriarum", + "en": "Proportion consists in taking a fixed module, in each case, both for the parts of a building and for the whole, by which the method of symmetry is put into practice." + }, + { + "id": 21122, + "la": "Namque non potest aedis ulla sine symmetria atque proportione rationem habere compositionis, nisi uti ad hominis bene figurati membrorum habuerit exactam rationem", + "en": "For without symmetry and proportion no temple can have a regular plan; that is, it must have an exact proportion worked out after the fashion of the members of a finely-shaped human body." + }, + { + "id": 21123, + "la": "Corpus enim hominis ita natura composuit, uti os capitis a mento ad frontem summam et radices imas capilli esset decimae partis, item manus palma ab articulo ad extremum medium digitum tantundem, caput a mento ad summum verticem octavae, cum cervicibus imis ab summo pectore ad imas radices capillorum sextae, ad summum verticem quartae", + "en": "For Nature2 has so planned the human body that the face from the chin to the top of the forehead and the roots of the hair is a tenth part; also the palm of the hand from the wrist to the top of the middle finger is as much; the head from the chin to the crown, an eighth part; from the top of the breast with the bottom of the neck to the roots of the hair, a sixth part; from the middle of the breast to the crown, a fourth part;" + }, + { + "id": 21124, + "la": "Ipsius autem oris altitudinis tertia est pars ab imo mento ad imas nares, nasum ab imis naribus ad finem medium superciliorum tantundem, ab ea fine ad imas radices capilli frons efficitur item tertiae partis", + "en": "a third part of the height of the face is from the bottom of the chin to the bottom of the nostrils; the nose from the bottom of the nostrils to the line between the brows, as much; from that line to the roots of the hair, the forehead is given as the third part." + }, + { + "id": 21125, + "la": "Pes vero altitudinis corporis sextae, cubitum quartae, pectus item quartae", + "en": "The foot is a sixth of the height of the body; the cubit a quarter, the breast also a quarter." + }, + { + "id": 21126, + "la": "Reliqua quoque membra suas habent commensus proportiones, quibus etiam antiqui pictores et statuarii nobiles usi magnas et infinitas laudes sunt adsecuti", + "en": "The other limbs also have their own proportionate measurements. And by using these, ancient painters and famous sculptors have attained great and unbounded distinction." + }, + { + "id": 21127, + "la": "Similiter vero sacrarum aedium membra ad universam totius magnitudinis summam ex partibus singulis convenientissimum debent habere commensus responsum", + "en": "In like fashion the members of temples ought to have dimensions of their several parts answering suitably to the general sum of their whole magnitude." + }, + { + "id": 21128, + "la": "Item corporis centrum medium naturaliter est umbilicus", + "en": "Now the navel is naturally the exact centre of the body." + }, + { + "id": 21129, + "la": "Namque si homo conlocatus fuerit supinus manibus et pedibus pansis circinique conlocatum centrum in umbilico eius, circumagendo rotundationem utrarumque manuum et pedum digiti linea tangentur", + "en": "For if a man lies on his back with hands and feet outspread, and the centre of a circle is placed on his navel, his fingers and toes will be touched by the circumference." + }, + { + "id": 21130, + "la": "Non minus quemadmodum schema rotundationis in corpore efficitur, item quadrata designatio in eo invenietur", + "en": "Also a square will be found described within the figure, in the same way as a round figure is produced." + }, + { + "id": 21131, + "la": "Nam si a pedibus imis ad summum caput mensum erit eaque mensura relata fuerit ad manus pansas, invenietur eadem latitudo uti altitudo, quemadmodum areae quae ad normam sunt quadratae", + "en": "For if we measure from the sole of the foot to the top of the head, and apply the measure to the outstretched hands, the breadth will be found equal to the height, just like sites which are squared by rule." + }, + { + "id": 21132, + "la": "Ergo si ita natura conposuit corpus hominis, uti proportionibus membra ad summam figurationem eius respondeant, cum causa constituisse videntur antiqui, ut etiam in operum perfectionibus singulorum membrorum ad universam figurae speciem habeant commensus exactionem", + "en": "Therefore if Nature has planned the human body so that the members correspond in their proportions to its complete configuration, the ancients seem to have had reason in determining that in the execution of their works they should observe an exact adjustment of the several members to the general pattern of the plan." + }, + { + "id": 21133, + "la": "Igitur cum in omnibus operibus ordines traderent, maxime in aedibus deorum, operum et laudes et culpae aeternae solent permanere", + "en": "Therefore, since in all their works they handed down orders,1 they did so especially in building temples, the excellences and the faults of which usually endure for ages." + }, + { + "id": 21134, + "la": "Nec minus mensurarum rationes, quae in omnibus operibus videntur necessariae esse, ex corporis membris collegerunt, uti digitum, palmum, pedem, cubitum, et eas distribuerunt in perfectum numerum, quem Graeci teleon dicunt", + "en": "Moreover, they collected from the members of the human body the proportionate dimensions which appear necessary in all building operations; the finger or inch, the palm, the foot, the cubit. And these they grouped into the perfect number2 which the Greeks call teleon." + }, + { + "id": 21135, + "la": "Perfectum autem antiqui instituerunt numerum qui decem dicitur; namque ex manibus digitorum numerum; ab palmo pes est inventus", + "en": "Now the ancients determined as perfect the number which is called ten.1 For from the hands they took the number of the inches; from the palm, the foot was discovered." + }, + { + "id": 21136, + "la": "Si autem in utrisque palmis ex articulis ab natura decem sunt perfecti, etiam Platoni placuit esse eum numerum ea re perfectum, quod ex singularibus rebus, quae monades apud Graecos dicuntur, perficitur decusis", + "en": "Now while in the two palms with their fingers, ten inches are naturally complete, Plato considered that number perfect, for the reason that from the individual things which are called monades among the Greeks, the decad2 is perfected." + }, + { + "id": 21137, + "la": "Qui simul autem undecim aut duodecim sunt facti, quod superaverint, non possunt esse perfecti, donec ad alterum decusis perveniant; singulares enim res particulae sunt eius numeri", + "en": "But as soon as they are made eleven or twelve, because they are in excess, they cannot be perfect until they reach the second decad. For individual things are minor parts of that number." + }, + { + "id": 21138, + "la": "Mathematici vero contra disputantes ea re perfectum dixerunt esse numerum qui sex dicitur, quod is numerus habet partitiones eorum rationibus sex numero convenientes sic: sextantem unum, trientes duo, semissem tria, besem quem dimoeron dicunt quattuor, quintarium quem pentemoeron dicunt quinque, perfectum sex", + "en": "But mathematicians, disputing on the other side, have said that the number called six3 is perfect for the reason that this number has divisions which agree by their proportions with the number six. Thus a sixth is one; a third is two; a half is three; two-thirds, which they call dimoeros, four; five-sixths, which they call pentemoeros, five; the perfect number, six." + }, + { + "id": 21139, + "la": "Cum ad supplicationem crescat, supra sex adiecto asse ephectum; cum facta sunt octo, quod est tertia adiecta, tertiarium alterum, qui epitritos dicitur; dimidia adiecta cum facta sunt novem, sesquialterum, qui hemiolius appellatur; duabus partibus additis et decusis facto bes alterum, quem epidimoerum vocitant; in undecim numero quod adiecti sunt quinque, quintarium, quem epipempton dicunt; duodecim autem, quod ex duobus numeris simplicibus est effectus, diplasiona", + "en": "When it grows to the double, a twelfth added above six makes ephectos; when eight is reached, because a third is added, there is a second third, which is called epitritos; when half is added and there are nine, there is half as much again, and it is called hemiolios; when two parts are added and a decad is made, we have the second two-thirds, which they call epidimoeros: in the number eleven, because five are added, we have five-sixths, which they call epipemptos; twelve, because it is produced from two simple numbers, they call diplasios." + }, + { + "id": 21140, + "la": "Non minus etiam, quod pes hominis altitudinis sextam habet partem, (ita etiam, ex eo quod perficitur pedum numero, corporis sexies altitudinis terminavit) eum perfectum constituerunt, cubitumque animadverterunt ex sex palmis constare digitisque xxiiii", + "en": "Not less also because the foot has the sixth part of a mans height, and also because six times, that is the number six, in that it is completed by the number of feet, determined the height of the body, they fixed that number as perfect, observing that the cubit consists of six palms and twenty-four fingers." + }, + { + "id": 21141, + "la": "Ex eo etiam videntur civitates Graecorum fecisse, quemadmodum cubitus est sex palmorum, in drachma qua nummo uterentur, aereos signatos uti asses ex aequo sex, quos obolos appellant, quadrantesque obolorum, quae alii dichalca, nonnulli trichalca dicunt, pro digitis viginti quattuor in drachma constituisse", + "en": "Hence also the cities of the Greeks seem to have made in a like fashion (just as the cubit is of six palms) six parts of the drachma, the coin which they use, stamped bronze coins like asses,1 which they call obols; and to have fixed twenty-four quarter obols, called by some dichalca, by others trichalca to correspond to the fingers." + }, + { + "id": 21142, + "la": "Nostri autem primo fecerunt antiquum numerum et in denario denos aeris constituerunt, et ea re conpositio nominis ad hodiernum diem denarium retinet", + "en": "We, however, at first followed the ancient number, and in the denarius fixed ten bronze coins; whence to this day the derived name keeps the number ten (denarius)." + }, + { + "id": 21143, + "la": "Etiamque quarta pars quod efficiebatur ex duobus assibus et tertio semisse, sestertium vocitaverunt", + "en": "And also because the fourth part was made up of two asses and a half, they called it sestertius." + }, + { + "id": 21144, + "la": "Postea quam animadverterunt utrosque numeros esse perfectos, et sex et decem, utrosque in unum coiecerunt et fecerunt perfectissimum decusis sexis", + "en": "But afterwards they perceived that both numbers were perfect, both the six and the ten; and they threw both together, and made the most perfect number sixteen." + }, + { + "id": 21145, + "la": "Huius autem rei auctorem invenerunt pedem", + "en": "Now of this they found the origin in the foot." + }, + { + "id": 21146, + "la": "E cubito enim cum dempti sunt palmi duo, relinquitur pes quattuor palmorum, palmus autem habet quattuor digitos", + "en": "For when two palms are taken from the cubit, there is left a foot of four palms, and the palm has four fingers." + }, + { + "id": 21147, + "la": "Ita efficitur, ut habeat pes sedecim digitos et totidem asses aeracius denarius", + "en": "So it comes that the foot has sixteen fingers, and the bronze denarius as many asses." + }, + { + "id": 21148, + "la": "Ergo si convenit ex articulis hominis numerum inventum esse et ex membris separatis ad universam corporis speciem ratae partis commensus fieri responsum, relinquitur, ut suscipiamus eos, qui etiam aedes deorum inmortalium constituentes ita membra operum ordinaverunt, ut proportionibus et symmetriis separatae atque universae convenientesque efficerentur eorum distributiones", + "en": "Therefore, if it is agreed that number is found from the articulation of the body, and that there is a correspondence of the fixed ratio of the separate members to the general form of the body, it remains that we take up those writers who in planning the temples of the immortal gods so ordained the parts of the work that, by the help of proportion and symmetry, their several and general distribution is rendered congruous." + }, + { + "id": 21149, + "la": "Aedium autem principia sunt, e quibus constat figurarum aspectus; et primum in antis, quod graece naos en parastasin dicitur, deinde prostylos, amphiprostylos, peripteros, pseudodipteros, hypaethros", + "en": "It is from the plan of a temple that the effect of its design arises. And first in antis, which in Greek is called naos en parastasin1; next, prostyle,2 amphiprostyle,3 peripteral,4 pseudodipteral,5 hypaethral." + }, + { + "id": 21150, + "la": "Horum exprimuntur formationes his rationibus", + "en": "The designs of these are formulated in the following manner." + }, + { + "id": 21151, + "la": "In antis erit aedes, cum habebit in fronte antas parietum qui cellam circumcludunt, et inter antas in medio columnas duas supraque fastigium symmetria ea conlocatum, quae in hoc libro fuerit perscripta", + "en": "A temple will be in antis when it has in front, pilasters terminating the walls which enclose the shrine, and in the middle, between the pilasters, two columns, and above, a gable, built with the symmetry to be set forth in this book." + }, + { + "id": 21152, + "la": "Huius autem exemplar erit ad tres Fortunas ex tribus quod est proxime portam Collinam", + "en": "An example of this will be the Temple of Fortune, nearest of the three to the Colline Gate." + }, + { + "id": 21153, + "la": "Prostylos omnia habet quemadmodum in antis, columnas autem contra antas angulares duas supraque epistylia, quemadmodum et in antis, et dextra ac sinistra in versuris singula", + "en": "The prostyle has everything like the temple in antis, except two angle columns over against the pilasters; and above, entablatures as in antis which return at the angles on either side." + }, + { + "id": 21154, + "la": "Huius exemplar est in insula Tiberina in aede Iovis et Fauni", + "en": "An example of this is on the island in the Tiber, namely, the Temple of Jupiter and Faunus." + }, + { + "id": 21155, + "la": "Amphiprostylos omnia habet ea, quae prostylos, praetereaque habet in postico ad eundem modum columnas et fastigium", + "en": "The amphiprostyle has everything like the prostyle, and besides has columns and a pediment at the back." + }, + { + "id": 21156, + "la": "Peripteros autem erit, quae habebit in fronte et postico senas columnas, in lateribus cum angularibus undenas", + "en": "The peripteral will be that which shall have six columns in front and six at the back, and on either side eleven, counting in the angle columns." + }, + { + "id": 21157, + "la": "Ita autem sint hae columnae conlocatae, ut intercolumnii latitudinis intervallum sit a parietibus circum ad extremos ordines columnarum, habeatque ambulationem circa cellam aedis, quemadmodum est in porticu Metelli Iovis Statoris Hermodori et ad Mariana Honoris et Virtutis sine postico a Mucio facta", + "en": "Now these columns are to be so placed that there is all round a distance the width of an intercolumniation, between the walls and the outer rows of the columns, This provides a walk round the cell of the temple, such as there is at the temple of Jupiter Stator1 by Hermodorus2 in the Portico of Metellus, and the temple of Honor and Virtus3 built without a posticum, by Mucius4 near the Monument of Marius." + }, + { + "id": 21158, + "la": "Pseudodipteros autem sic conlocatur, ut in fronte et postico sint columnae octonae, in lateribus cum angularibus quinae denae", + "en": "The pseudodipteros6 is so planned that there are eight columns both in front and at the back, and fifteen on each side, including the angle columns." + }, + { + "id": 21159, + "la": "Sint autem parietes cellae contra quaternas columnas medianas in fronte et postico", + "en": "But the walls of the cella are to face the four middle columns in front and at the back." + }, + { + "id": 21160, + "la": "Ita duorum intercolumniorum et unae crassitudinis columnae spatium erit ab parietibus circa ad extremos ordines columnarum", + "en": "Thus there will be a space all round, from the walls to the outside rows of the columns, of two intercolumniations and the thickness of one column." + }, + { + "id": 21161, + "la": "Huius exemplar Romae non est, sed Magnesiae Dianae Hermogenis Alabandei et Apollinis a Menesthe facta", + "en": "There is no example of this at Rome; but there is at Magnesia the temple of Diana built by Hermogenes of Alabanda, and the temple of Apollo by Menesthes." + }, + { + "id": 21162, + "la": "Dipteros autem octastylos et pronao et postico, sed circa aedem duplices habet ordines columnarum, uti est aedis Quirini dorica et Ephesi Dianae ionica a Chersiphrone constituta", + "en": "The dipteros7 has eight columns in front and at the back, but it has double rows of columns round the sanctuary, like the Doric temple of Quirinus,7 and the Ionic temple of Diana at Ephesus built by Chersiphron." + }, + { + "id": 21163, + "la": "Hypaethros vero decastylos est in pronao et postico", + "en": "The hypaethral temple has ten columns in front and at the back." + }, + { + "id": 21164, + "la": "Reliqua omnia eadem habet quae dipteros, sed interiore parte columnas in altitudine duplices, remotas a parietibus ad circumitionem ut porticus peristyliorum", + "en": "For the rest it has everything like the dipteral, except that in the interior it will have two stories of columns, at a distance from the walls all round like the colonnade of a peristyle." + }, + { + "id": 21165, + "la": "Medium autem sub divo est sine tecto", + "en": "The centre has no roof and is open to the sky." + }, + { + "id": 21166, + "la": "Aditus valvarum et utraque parte in pronao et postico", + "en": "There are folding doors in front and at the back." + }, + { + "id": 21167, + "la": "Huius item exemplar Romae non est, sed Athenis octastylos et templo Olympio", + "en": "Of this there is no example at Rome; but there is the Octastyle at Athens, in the Olympian temple." + }, + { + "id": 21168, + "la": "Species autem aedium sunt quinque, quarum ea sunt vocabula: pycnostylos, id est crebris columnis; systylos paulo remissioribus; diastylos amplius patentibus; rare quam oportet inter se diductis araeostylos3; eustylos intervallorum iusta distributione", + "en": "There are five elevations of temples, of which the names are as follows: pycnostyle, that is with close columns; systyle, with the spaces of the intercolumniations a little more open; diastyle, wider still; with intercolumniations more open than they should be, araeostyle; eustyle, with the just distribution of intervals." + }, + { + "id": 21169, + "la": "Ergo pycnostylos est, cuius intercolumnio unius et dimidiatae columnae crassitudo interponi potest, quemadmodum est divi Iulii et in Caesaris foro Veneris et si quae aliae sic sunt compositae", + "en": "So then pycnostyle is that in the intercolumniations of which the thickness of a column and a half can be interposed, as in the temple of Julius,1 and of Venus2 in the Forum of Caesar, and any others which are so arranged." + }, + { + "id": 21170, + "la": "Item systylos est, in quo duarum columnarum crassitudo in intercolumnio poterit conlocari, et spirarum plinthides aeque magnae sint et spatio, quod fuerit inter duas plinthides, quemadmodum est Fortunae Equestris ad theatrum lapideum reliquaeque, quae eisdem rationibus sunt conpositae", + "en": "The systyle also is that in which the thickness of two columns can be placed in the intercolumniations, and the plinths of the bases are equally great with the space between two plinths, as is the temple of Fortuna Equestris3 against the Stone Theatre,4 and the others which are arranged in the same proportions." + }, + { + "id": 21171, + "la": "Haec utraque genera vitiosum habent usum", + "en": "These two kinds are objectionable in use." + }, + { + "id": 21172, + "la": "Matres enim familiarum cum ad supplicationem gradibus ascendunt, non possunt per intercolumnia amplexae adire, nisi ordines fecerint; item valvarum adspectus abstruditur columnarum crebritate ipsaque signa obscurantur; item circa aedem propter angustias inpediuntur ambulationes", + "en": "For when matrons come up by the steps to give thanks, they cannot approach between the columns arm in arm but in single file; further, the view of the doors is taken away by the numerous columns, and the statues themselves are obscured; walking round the temple is hindered on account of the narrow intervals." + }, + { + "id": 21173, + "la": "Diastyli autem haec erit conpositio, cum trium columnarum crassitudinem intercolumnio interponere possumus, tamquam est Apollinis et Dianae aedis", + "en": "Of the diastyle, the arrangement is as follows: when we can interpose the thickness of three columns in the intercolumniation, as in the case of the Temple of Apollo and Diana." + }, + { + "id": 21174, + "la": "Haec dispositio hanc habet difficultatem, quod epistylia propter inter-vallorum magnitudinem franguntur", + "en": "Such a disposition presents this difficulty, that the architraves break because of the wide openings." + }, + { + "id": 21175, + "la": "In araeostylis autem nec lapideis nec marmoreis epistyliis uti datur, sed inponendae de materia trabes perpetuae", + "en": "In araeostyle buildings it is not given to use stone or marble architraves, but continuous wooden beams are to be employed." + }, + { + "id": 21176, + "la": "Et ipsarum aedium species sunt varicae, barycephalae, humiles, latae, ornanturque signis fictilibus aut aereis inauratis earum fastigia tuscanico more, uti est ad Circum Maximum Cereris et Herculis Pompeiani, item Capitoli", + "en": "And the designs of the buildings themselves are straddling, top-heavy, low, broad. The pediments are ornamented with statues of terra-cotta or gilt bronze in the Etruscan fashion, as is the Temple of Ceres2 at the Circus Maximus, Pompeys Temple of Hercules,3 and the Capitoline Temple." + }, + { + "id": 21177, + "la": "Reddenda nunc est eustyli ratio, quae maxime probabilis et ad usum et ad speciem et ad firmitatem rationes habet explicatas", + "en": "We must now render an account of the eustyle, which is specially to be approved, and has proportions set out for convenience, beauty and strength." + }, + { + "id": 21178, + "la": "Namque facienda sunt in intervallis spatia duarum columnarum et quartae partis columnae crassitudinis, mediumque intercolumnium unum, quod erit in fronte, alterum, quod in postico, trium columnarum crassitudine", + "en": "For in the intervals the width of two and a quarter columns is to be made, and the middle intercolumniation, one in the front and one in the back, is to be three columns wide." + }, + { + "id": 21179, + "la": "Sic enim habebit et figurationis aspectum venustum et aditus usum sine inpeditionibus et circa cellam ambulatio auctoritatem", + "en": "For so the building will have both a graceful appearance in its configuration, and a convenient approach; and the walk round the sanctuary will have dignity. 7." + }, + { + "id": 21180, + "la": "Huius autem rei ratio explicabitur sic", + "en": "The method of this arrangement is to be explained as follows." + }, + { + "id": 21181, + "la": "Frons loci quae in aede constituta fuerit, si tetrastylos facienda fuerit, dividatur in partes xi s praeter crepidines et proiecturas spirarum; si sex erit columnarum, in partes xviii1; si octostylos constituetur, dividatur in xxiv et semissem", + "en": "The front of the site which has been set out in the building is to be divided, if it is to be tetrastyle, into 11 parts, excluding the plinths and the projections of the bases; if the building is hexastyle, into 18 parts; if it shall be octastyle, into 24 parts." + }, + { + "id": 21182, + "la": "Item ex his partibus sive tetrastyli sive hexastyli sive octostyli una pars sumatur, eaque erit modulus", + "en": "Further, of these parts, whether for tetrastyle, hexastyle, or octastyle, let one be taken, and that will be the module or unit." + }, + { + "id": 21183, + "la": "Cuius moduli unius erit crassitudinis columnarum", + "en": "And of this module, one will be the thickness of the column." + }, + { + "id": 21184, + "la": "Intercolumnia singula, praeter media, modulorum duorum et moduli quartae partis; mediana in fronte et postico singula ternum modulorum", + "en": "The several intercolumniations except those in the middle will be of two modules and a quarter; the middle intercolumniations at the front and at the back will be severally of three modules." + }, + { + "id": 21185, + "la": "Ipsarum columnarum altitudo modulorum habebunt iustam rationem", + "en": "The height of the columns will have a just proportion of modules." + }, + { + "id": 21186, + "la": "Huius exemplar Romae nullum habemus, sed in Asia Teo hexastylon Liberi Patris", + "en": "Of this we have no instance at Rome; but in Asia there is the hexastyle temple of Father Bacchus in Teos." + }, + { + "id": 21187, + "la": "Eas autem symmetrias constituit Hermogenes, qui etiam primus exo stylon pseudodipterive rationem", + "en": "These proportions Hermogenes2 determined, and he also was the first to use the exostyle or pseudodipteral arrangement." + }, + { + "id": 21188, + "la": "Ex dipteri enim aedis symmetriae distulit interi-ores ordines columnarum xxxiv eaque ratione sumptus operasque compendii fecit", + "en": "For from the plan of the dipteral temple he removed the interior rows of the thirty-eight columns, and in that manner abridged the expense and the work." + }, + { + "id": 21189, + "la": "Is in medio ambulationi laxamentum egregie circa cellam fecit de aspectuque nihil inminuit, sed sine desiderio supervacuorum conservavit auctoritatem totius operis distributione", + "en": "He made an opening for the ambulatory round the cella in a striking fashion, and in no respect detracted from the appearance. Thus without letting us miss the superfluous parts, he preserved the impressiveness of the whole work by his arrangement." + }, + { + "id": 21190, + "la": "Pteromatos enim ratio et columnarum circum aedem dispositio ideo est inventa, ut aspectus propter asperitatem intercolumniorum habeat auctoritatem, praeterea, si ex imbrium aquae vis occupaverit et intercluserit hominum multitudinem, ut habeat in aede circaque cellam cum laxamento liberam moram", + "en": "For the columns round the temple were so devised that the view of them was impressive, because of the high relief given to the intercolumniations; moreover, if a number of people have been unexpectedly cut off by showers of rain, they have plenty of room to linger in the building space." + }, + { + "id": 21191, + "la": "Haec autem ut explicantur in pseudodipteris aedium dispositionibus", + "en": "Thus far as is explained in the pseudodipteral plans of temples." + }, + { + "id": 21192, + "la": "Quare videtur acuta magnaque sollertia effectus operum Hermogenis fecisse reliquisseque fontes, unde posteri possent haurire disciplinarum rationes", + "en": "Hence there must have been great and subtle skill to produce the works of Hermogenes, and it has left sources from which posterity could draw their methods of study." + }, + { + "id": 21193, + "la": "Aedibus araeostylis columnae sic sunt faciendae, uti crassitudines earum sint partis octavae ad altitudines", + "en": "For araeostyle temples, the columns are to be so made that their diameters are one-eighth the height." + }, + { + "id": 21194, + "la": "Item in diastylo dimetienda est altitudo columnae in partes octo et dimidium, et unius partis columnae crassitudo conlocetur", + "en": "Also in the diastyle, the height of the column is to be measured out into eight and a half parts, and let the diameter of the column be of one part." + }, + { + "id": 21195, + "la": "In systylo altitudo dividatur in novem et dimidiam partem, et ex eis una ad crassitudinem columnae detur", + "en": "In the systyle let the height be divided into nine and a half parts, let one of those be given for the diameter of the column." + }, + { + "id": 21196, + "la": "Item in pycnostylo dividenda est altitudo in decem, et eius una pars facienda est columnae crassitudo", + "en": "Also in the pycnostyle, the height is to be divided into ten, and of that one part is to be made the diameter of the column." + }, + { + "id": 21197, + "la": "Eustyli autem aedis columnae, uti systyli, in novem partibus altitudo dividatur et dimidiam partem, et eius una pars constituatur in crassitudine imi scapi", + "en": "Now of the eustyle temple, as of the systyle, let the height be divided into nine and a half parts, and of that let one part be set up for the diameter of the bottom of the shaft." + }, + { + "id": 21198, + "la": "Ita habebitur pro rata parte intercolumniorum ratio", + "en": "In this way the relation of the intercolumniations will be observed proportionately." + }, + { + "id": 21199, + "la": "Quemadmodum enim crescunt spatia inter columnas, proportionibus adaugendae sunt crassitudinis scaporum", + "en": "For in the measure by which the spaces between the columns grow, the diameters of the shafts are to be increased." + }, + { + "id": 21200, + "la": "Namque si in araeostylo nona aut decima pars crassitudinis fuerit, tenuis et exilis apparebit, ideo quod per latitudinem intercolumniorum aer consumit et inminuit aspectu scaporum crassitudinem", + "en": "For if in the araeostyle there shall be the ninth or tenth part of a diameter, it will appear thin and scanty; because through the width of the intercolumniations the air consumes and lessens in appearance the diameter of the shafts." + }, + { + "id": 21201, + "la": "Contra vero pycnostylis si octava pars crassitudinis fuerit, propter crebritatem et angustias intercolumniorum tumidam et invenustam efficiet speciem", + "en": "On the other hand, in pycnostyle temples if there shall be the eighth part of a diameter, because of the frequency and narrowness of the intercolumniations, it will produce a swollen and displeasing appearance." + }, + { + "id": 21202, + "la": "Itaque generis operis oportet persequi symmetrias", + "en": "Therefore we must follow the symmetries required by the style of the work." + }, + { + "id": 21203, + "la": "Etiamque angulares columnae crassiores faciendae sunt ex suo diametro quinquagesima parte, quod eae ab aere circumciduntur et graciliores videntur esse aspicientibus", + "en": "The angle columns also must be made thicker by the fiftieth part of their diameter, because they are cut into by the air and appear more slender to the spectators." + }, + { + "id": 21204, + "la": "Ergo quod oculus fallit, ratiocinatione est exequendum", + "en": "Therefore what the eye cheats us of, must be made up by calculation." + }, + { + "id": 21205, + "la": "Contracturae autem in summis columnarum hypotracheliis ita faciendae videntur, uti, si columna sit ab minimo ad pedes quinos denos, ima crassitudo dividatur in partes sex et earum partium quinque summa constituatur", + "en": "The contractions, however, in the topmost necking of the columns, it seems, should be so made that from the smallest dimension up to fifteen feet, the lowest diameter should be divided into six parts and the top should be of five of those parts." + }, + { + "id": 21206, + "la": "Item quae erit ab quindecim pedibus ad pedes viginti, scapus imus in partes sex et semissem dividatur, earumque partium quinque et semisse superior crassitudo columnae fiat", + "en": "Also in those which shall be from fifteen feet to twenty feet, the lowest part of the shaft is to be divided into six and a half parts; and of those parts five and a half are to be the upper diameter of the column." + }, + { + "id": 21207, + "la": "Item quae erunt a pedibus viginti ad pedes triginta, scapus imus dividatur in partes septem, earumque sex summa contractura perficiatur", + "en": "Also in those which shall be from twenty feet to thirty feet, let the lowest part of the shaft be divided into seven parts, and let the top contraction be made six of them." + }, + { + "id": 21208, + "la": "Quae autem ab triginta pedibus ad quadraginta alta erit, ima dividatur in partes septem et dimidiam; ex his sex et dimidiam in summo habeat contracturae rationem", + "en": "In the column which shall be from thirty to forty feet, let the lowest diameter be divided into seven and a half parts; of these let the column have six and a half at the top as the amount of contraction." + }, + { + "id": 21209, + "la": "Quae erunt ab quadraginta pedibus ad quinquaginta, item dividendae sunt in octo partes, et earum septem in summo scapo sub capitulo contrahantur", + "en": "Those which shall be from forty to fifty feet are also to be divided into eight parts, and these are to be contracted to seven at the top of the shaft under the capital." + }, + { + "id": 21210, + "la": "Item si quae altiores erunt, eadem ratione pro rata constituantur contracturae", + "en": "Further, if any are higher, let the contractions be determined proportionately in the same way." + }, + { + "id": 21211, + "la": "Haec autem propter altitudinis intervallum scandentis oculi species adiciuntur crassitudinibus temperaturae", + "en": "It is on account of the variation in height that these adjustments are added to the diameters to meet the glance of the eye as it rises." + }, + { + "id": 21212, + "la": "Venustates enim persequitur visus, cuius si non blandimur voluptati proportione et modulorum adiectionibus, uti quod fallitur temperatione adaugeatur, vastus et invenustus conspicientibus remittetur aspectus", + "en": "For the sight follows gracious contours; and unless we flatter its pleasure, by proportionate alterations of the modules (so that by adjustment there is added the amount to which it suffers illusion), an uncouth and ungracious aspect will be presented to the spectators" + }, + { + "id": 21213, + "la": "De adiectione, quae adicitur in mediis columnis, quae apud Graecos entasis appellatur, in extremo libro erit formata ratio eius, quemadmodum mollis et conveniens efficiatur, subscripta", + "en": "As to the swelling2 which is made in the middle of the columns (this among the Greeks is called entasis), an illustrated formula will be furnished at the end of the book to show how the entasis may be done in a graceful and appropriate manner." + }, + { + "id": 21214, + "la": "Fundationes eorum operum fodiantur, si queat inveniri, ab solido et in solidum, quantum ex amplitudine operis pro ratione videbitur, extruaturque structura totum solum quam solidissima", + "en": "Let the foundations of those works be dug from a solid site and to a solid base if it can be found, as much as shall seem proportionate to the size of the work; and let the whole site be worked into a structure as solid as possible." + }, + { + "id": 21215, + "la": "Supraque terram parietes extruantur sub columnas dimidio crassiores quam columnae sunt futurae, uti firmiora sint inferiora superioribus; quae stereobates appellantur, nam excipiunt onera", + "en": "And let walls be built, upon the ground under the columns, one-half thicker than the columns are to be, so that the lower portions are stronger than the higher; and these are called the stereobate,3 for they receive the loads." + }, + { + "id": 21216, + "la": "Spirarumque proiecturae non procedant extra solium; item supra parietis ad eundem modum crassitudo servanda est", + "en": "And let not the projections of the base mouldings proceed beyond the bed. Further, the thickness of the wall is to be kept above in the same manner." + }, + { + "id": 21217, + "la": "Intervalla autem concamaranda aut solidanda festucationibus, uti distineantur", + "en": "The spaces between the columns are to be arched over, or made solid by being rammed down, so that the columns may be held apart." + }, + { + "id": 21218, + "la": "Sin autem solidum non invenietur, sed locus erit congesticius ad imum aut paluster, tunc is locus fodiatur exinaniaturque et palis alneis aut oleagineis robusteis ustilatis configatur7, sublicaqu machinis adigatur quam creberrime, carbonibusque expleantur intervalla palorum, et tunc structuris solidissimis fundamenta impleantur", + "en": "But if a solid foundation is not found, and the site is loose earth right down, or marshy, then it is to be excavated and cleared and re-made with piles4 of alder or of olive or charred oak, and the piles are to be driven close together by machinery, and the intervals between are to be filled with charcoal. Then the foundations are to be filled with very solid structures." + }, + { + "id": 21219, + "la": "Extructis autem fundamentis ad libramentum stylobatae sunt conlocandae", + "en": "The foundations being built to a level, the stylobates1 are to be laid." + }, + { + "id": 21220, + "la": "Supra stylobatas columnae disponendae, quemadmodum supra scriptum est, sive in pycnostylo, quemadmodum pycnostyla, sive systylo aut diastylo aut eustylo, quemadmodum supra scripta sunt et constituta", + "en": "Above the stylobates the columns are to be erected as described above; whether in pycnostyle (as are the pycnostyle temples), or in systyle, or diastyle or eustyle, as it has been described and determined above." + }, + { + "id": 21221, + "la": "In araeostylis enim libertas est quantum cuique libet constituendi", + "en": "For in araeostyle there is freedom to determine as everybody pleases." + }, + { + "id": 21222, + "la": "Sed ita columnae in peripteris conlocentur, uti, quot intercolumnia sunt in fronte, totidem bis intercolumnia fiant in lateribus; ita enim erit duplex longitudo operis ad latitudinem", + "en": "But let the columns be so disposed in peripteral temples that the intercolumniations on the sides are twice as many as on the front. For then the length of the work will be twice the breadth." + }, + { + "id": 21223, + "la": "Namque qui columnarum duplicationes fecerunt, erravisse videntur, quod unum intercolumnium in longitudine plus quam oporteat procurrere videtur", + "en": "For those who made double the number of the columns seem to be at fault because in the length one more intercolumniation than is necessary seems to occur." + }, + { + "id": 21224, + "la": "Gradus in fronte constituendi ita sunt, uti sint semper inpares; namque cum dextro pede primus gradus ascendatur, item in summo templo primus erit ponendus", + "en": "The steps are to be so placed in front that they are always of an uneven number. For since the first step is ascended on the right foot, the right foot must also be set on the top of the temple steps." + }, + { + "id": 21225, + "la": "Crassitudines autem eorum graduum ita finiendas censeo, ut neque crassiores dextante nec tenuiores dodrante sint conlocatae; sic enim durus non erit ascensus", + "en": "And the risers of the steps must be of such dimensions that they are neither deeper than ten inches nor shallower than nine. For thus the ascent will not be hard." + }, + { + "id": 21226, + "la": "Retractationes autem graduum nec minus quam sesquipedales nec plus quam bipedales faciendae videntur", + "en": "But the treads of the steps, it seems, should be made not less than eighteen inches or more than two feet." + }, + { + "id": 21227, + "la": "Item si circa aedem gradus futuri sunt, ad eundem modum fieri debent", + "en": "Also, if steps are to be round the temple, they ought to be made after the same measure." + }, + { + "id": 21228, + "la": "Sin autem circa aedem ex tribus lateribus podium faciendum erit, ad id constituatur, uti quadrae, spirae, trunci, coronae, lysis ad ipsum stylobatam, qui erit sub columnarum spiris, conveniant", + "en": "But if a platform is to be made round the temple on three sides, it is to be planned in such a way2 that the plinths, bases, dados, cornices and cymatium conform to the pedestal which is under the bases of the columns." + }, + { + "id": 21229, + "la": "Stylobatam ita oportet exaequari, uti habeat per medium adiectionem per scamillos inpares; si enim ad libellam dirigetur, alveolatum oculo videbitur", + "en": "The stylobate must be so levelled that it increases towards the middle with unequal risers1; for if it is set out to a level it will seem to the eye to be hollowed." + }, + { + "id": 21230, + "la": "Hoc autem, ut scamilli ad id convenientes fiant, item in extremo libro forma et demonstratio erit descripta", + "en": "The method of making the risers suitable to this will be set out with a figure and demonstration at the end of the book." + }, + { + "id": 21231, + "la": "His perfectis in suis locis spirae conlocentur, eaeque ad symmetriam sic perficiantur, uti crassitudo cum plintho sit columnae ex dimidia crassitudine proiecturamque, quam Graeci vocitant, habeant sextantem; ita tum lata et longa erit columnae crassitudinis unius et dimidiae", + "en": "When this is done, let the bases be put in position, and let them be so finished in proportion that the thickness with the plinth amounts to half the thickness of the column, and have a projection (which the Greeks call ecphora) of one-sixth.3 The bases will be one and a half thicknesses of a column, front and side." + }, + { + "id": 21232, + "la": "Altitudo eius, si atticurges erit, ita dividatur, ut superior pars tertia parte sit crassitudinis columnae, reliquum plintho relinquatur", + "en": "The height, if it is to be an Attic base, is to be thus divided: that the upper part is to be one-third of the thickness of the column, and the remainder left to the plinth." + }, + { + "id": 21233, + "la": "Dempta plintho reliquum dividatur in partes quattuor, fiatque superior torus [quartae; reliquae tres aequaliter dividantur, et una sit inferior torus,] altera pars cum suis quadris scotia, quam Graeci trochilon dicunt", + "en": "Taking the plinth away, the remainder is to be divided into four parts, and the upper torus is to be one-fourth: the remaining three-fourths are to be equally divided so that one is the lower torus4 and the other the scotia5 (which the Greeks call trochilus) with its fillets." + }, + { + "id": 21234, + "la": "Sin autem ionicae erunt faciendae, symmetriae earum sic erunt constituendae, uti latitudo spirae quoqueversus sit columnae crassitudinis adiecta crassitudine quarta et octava", + "en": "But if the bases are to be Ionic, their proportions are to be so fixed that the breadth of the base each way is one and three-eighths of the thickness of a column." + }, + { + "id": 21235, + "la": "Altitudo ita uti atticurges; ita ut eius plinthos; reliquumque praeter plinthum, quod erit tertia pars crassitudinis columnae, dividatur in partes septem:", + "en": "The height is to be like the Attic base; so also its plinth. The remainder beside the plinth, which will be the third part of the columns diameter, is to be divided into seven parts:" + }, + { + "id": 21236, + "la": "inde trium partium torus qui est in summo; reliquae quattuor partes dividendae sunt aequaliter, et una pars fiat cum suis astragalis et supercilio superior trochilus, altera pars inferiori trochilo relinquatur; sed inferior maior apparebit, ideo quod habebit ad extremam plinthum proiecturam", + "en": "of these the torus at the top is to be three parts; the remaining four are to be equally divided; one half to the upper hollow with its astragals1 and top moulding, the other half is to be left to the lower trochilus; but the lower will seem greater because it will have a projection to the edge of the plinth." + }, + { + "id": 21237, + "la": "Astragali faciendi sunt octavae partis trochili; proiectura erit spirae pars octava et sexta decuma pars crassitudinis columnae", + "en": "The astragals are to be one-eighth part of the scotia. The projection of the base will be three-sixteenths of the thickness of the column." + }, + { + "id": 21238, + "la": "Spiris perfectis et conlocatis columnae sunt medianae in pronao et postico ad perpendiculum medii centri conlocandae, angulares autem quaeque e regione earum futura sunt in lateribus aedis dextra ac sinistra, uti partes interiores, quae ad parietes cellae spectant, ad perpendiculum latus habeant conlocatum, exteriores autem partes uti dicant se earum contracturam", + "en": "When the bases are complete and in position, the middle columns in front and at the back are to be set up to a perpendicular, but the corner columns and those which are in line with them on the flanks of the temple right and left are to be set up so that the inside parts which look to the sanctuary, have their faces perpendicular, but the outside parts so as to declare their diminution." + }, + { + "id": 21239, + "la": "Sic enim erunt figurae conpositionis aedium contractura eius taliratione exactae", + "en": "In this way the intention of the design of the temple will be completed by such contraction." + }, + { + "id": 21240, + "la": "Scapis columnarum statutis capitulorum ratio si pulvinata erunt, his symmetriis conformabuntur, uti, quam crassus imus scapus fuerit addita octava decuma parte scapi, abacus habeat longitudinem et latitudinem; crassitudinem cum volutis eius dimidiam", + "en": "When the shafts of the columns are fixed, the proportions of the Ionic capitals4 are to be conformed to these symmetries: namely, that, adding the eighteenth part to the thickest part of the shaft, the abacus may find its length and breadth; the height of the capital with the volutes, half of that." + }, + { + "id": 21241, + "la": "Recedendum autem est ab extremo abaco in interiorem partem frontibus volutarum parte duodevicensima et eius dimidia", + "en": "There must be a set-back from the edge of the abacus inwards on the front of the volutes of an eighteenth part and a half." + }, + { + "id": 21242, + "la": "Tunc crassitudo dividenda est in partes novem et dimidiam, et secundum abacum in quattuor partibus volutarum secundum extremi abaci quadram lineae dimittendae, quae cathetoe dicuntur", + "en": "Then the height of the capital is to be divided into nine and a half parts, and lines (which are called cathetoe) are to be let fall down the abacus, at the four corners of the volutes, following a perpendicular from the edge of the abacus." + }, + { + "id": 21243, + "la": "Tunc ex novem partibus et dimidia una pars et dimidia abaci crassitudo relinquatur, reliquae octo volutis constituantur", + "en": "Then of nine parts and a half, one part and a half are to be left as the thickness of the abacus, and the remaining eight parts are to be allotted to the volutes." + }, + { + "id": 21244, + "la": "Tunc ab linea quae secundum abaci extremam partem dimissa erit, in interiorem partem recedat unius et dimidiatae partis latitudine", + "en": "Then within a vertical line which is let fall at the extreme corner of the abacus, let fall another line at the distance of one part and a half." + }, + { + "id": 21245, + "la": "Deinde hae lineae dividantur ita, ut quattuor partes et dimidia sub abaco reliquatur", + "en": "Next let these lines be so divided that four parts and a half are left under the abacus." + }, + { + "id": 21246, + "la": "Tunc in eo loco, qui locus dividit quattuor et dimidiam et tres et dimidiam partem, centrum oculi; signeturque ex eo centro rotunda circinatio tam magna in diametro, quam una pars ex octo partibus est", + "en": "Then that point which divides the four and a half and the three and a half is the centre of the eye of the volute: and let there be drawn from that centre a complete circle with a diameter of one part out of the eight parts." + }, + { + "id": 21247, + "la": "Ea erit oculi magnitudine, et in ea catheto respondens diametros agatur", + "en": "That will be the magnitude of the eye. Through the centre let there be drawn a vertical diameter." + }, + { + "id": 21248, + "la": "Tunc ab summo sub abaco inceptum in singulis tetrantorum actionibus dimidiatum oculi spatium minuatur, donique in eundem tetrantem qui est sub abaco, veniat", + "en": "Then, beginning from the top under the abacus, let the radius be successively diminished by half the diameter of the eye in describing the quadrants, until it comes into the quadrant which is under the abacus." + }, + { + "id": 21249, + "la": "Capituli autem crassitudo sic est facienda, ut ex novem partibus et dimidia tres partes praependeant infra astragalum summi scapi; cymatio, adempto abaco et canali, reliqua sit pars", + "en": "Now the height of the capital is to be so arranged that of the nine and a half parts, three parts are below the astragal at the top of the shaft. The remaining part is for the cymatium, when the abacus and channel are taken away." + }, + { + "id": 21250, + "la": "Proiectura autem cymatii habet extra abaci quadram oculi magnitudinem", + "en": "The projection of the cymatium beyond the abacus is to be the size of the eye." + }, + { + "id": 21251, + "la": "Pulvinorum baltei abaco hanc habeant proiecturam, uti circini centrum unum cum sit positum in capituli tetrante et alterum deducatur ad extremum cymatium, circumactum balteorum extremas partes tangat", + "en": "Let the bands of the pillows2 have the following projection: one point of the compasses is placed in the centre of the eye, and the other point is taken to the top of the cymatium; the circle thus described will mark the furthest part of the pillow band." + }, + { + "id": 21252, + "la": "Axes volutarum nec crassi-ores sint quam oculi magnitudo, volutaeque ipsae sic caedantur altitudinis suae duodecimam partem", + "en": "The axes of the volutes should not be further apart than the diameter of the eye, and the volutes themselves are to be channelled to the twelfth part of their height." + }, + { + "id": 21253, + "la": "Haec erunt symmetriae capitulorum, quae columnae futurae sunt ab minimo ad pedes xxv", + "en": "These will be the proportions of capitals when the columns shall be up to twenty-five feet." + }, + { + "id": 21254, + "la": "Quae supra erunt, reliqua habebunt ad eundem modum symmetrias, abacus autem erit longus et latus, quam crassa columna est ima adiecta parte viiii, uti, quo minus habuerit altior columna contractum, eo ne minus habeat capitulum suae symmetriae proiecturam et in altitudine suae partis adiectionem", + "en": "Those which are more will have their other proportions after the same fashion. The length and breadth of the abacus will be the thickness of the column at its base with the addition of one-ninth: inasmuch as its diminution is less as the height is greater, the capital must not have less addition in projection and height." + }, + { + "id": 21255, + "la": "De volutarum descriptionibus, uti ad circinum sint recte involutae, quemadmodum describantur, in extremo libro forma et ratio earum erit subscripta", + "en": "At the end of the book a diagram and formula will be furnished for the drawing of the volutes so that they may be correctly turned by the compass." + }, + { + "id": 21256, + "la": "Capitulis perfectis deinde columnarum non ad libellam sed ad aequalem modulum conlocatis, ut, quae adiectio in stylobatis facta fuerit, in superioribus membris respondeat symmetria epistyliorum", + "en": "When the capitals are completed they are to be set, not level through the range of columns, but with a corresponding adjustment; so that the architraves in the upper members may correspond to the addition in the stylobates." + }, + { + "id": 21257, + "la": "Epistyliorum ratio sic est habenda, uti, si columnae fuerint a minima xiii pedum ad quindecim pedes, epistylii sit altitudo dimidia crassitudinis imae columnae; item ab xv pedibus ad xx, columnae altitudo demetiatur in partes tredecim, et unius partis altitudo epistylii fiat; item si a xx ad xxv pedes, dividatur altitudo in partes xii et semissem, et eius una pars epistylium in altitudine fiat; item si ab xxv pedibus ad xxx, dividatur in partes xii, et eius una pars altitudo fiat", + "en": "The proportion of the architraves should be as follows: if the columns are from twelve to fifteen feet, the height of the architrave should be half the thickness of the column at the bottom; from fifteen to twenty feet let the height of the column be divided into thirteen parts, and the height of the architrave be one part; from twenty to twenty-five feet, let the height be divided into twelve parts and a half, and let the architrave be one part of that in height; also from twenty-five to thirty let it be divided into twelve parts, and let the height be made of one part." + }, + { + "id": 21258, + "la": "Item ratam partem ad eundem modum ex altitudine columnarum expediendae sunt altitudines epistyliorum", + "en": "Thus the heights of the architraves are to be determined in accordance with the height of the columns." + }, + { + "id": 21259, + "la": "Quo altius enim scandit oculi species, non facile persecat aeris crebritatem; dilapsa itaque altitudinis spatio et viribus, extructam incertam modulorum renuntiat sensibus quantitatem", + "en": "For the higher the glance of the eye rises, it pierces with the more difficulty the denseness of the air; therefore it fails owing to the amount and power of the height, and reports to the senses the assemblage of an uncertain1 quantity of the modules." + }, + { + "id": 21260, + "la": "Quare semper adiciendum est rationi supplementum in symmetriarum membris, ut, cum fuerint aut altioribus locis opera aut etiam ipsa colossicotera, habeant magnitudinum rationem", + "en": "And so we must always add a supplement to the proportion in the case of the symmetrical parts, so that works which are either in higher positions or themselves more grandiose may have proportionate dimensions." + }, + { + "id": 21261, + "la": "Epistylii latitudo in imo, quod supra capitulum erit, quanta crassitudo summae columnae sub capitulo erit, tanta fiat; summum, quantum imus scapus", + "en": "The breadth of the architrave at the bottom where it rests upon the capital should equal the diameter of the top of the column under the capital: the top of the architrave should be as wide as the lower diameter of the shaft." + }, + { + "id": 21262, + "la": "Cymatium epistylii septima parte suae altitudinis est faciendum, et in proiectura tantundem", + "en": "The cymatium2 of the architrave should be made one-seventh of its height and the projection of it the same." + }, + { + "id": 21263, + "la": "Reliqua pars praeter cymatium dividenda est in partes xii, et earum trium ima fascia est facienda, secunda iiii, summa v", + "en": "The remainder apart from the cymatium is to be divided into twelve parts of which the lowest fascia3 is to have three; the second, four; the top, five." + }, + { + "id": 21264, + "la": "Item zophorus supra epistylium quarta parte minus quam epistylium; sin autem sigilla designari oportuerit, quarta parte altior quam epistylium, uti auctoritatem habeant scalpturae", + "en": "The frieze also above the architrave is to be a fourth less than the architrave; but if figures are to be introduced, a fourth higher, so that the carvings may be effective." + }, + { + "id": 21265, + "la": "Cymatium suae altitudinis partis septimae; proiecturae cymatium quantum crassitudo", + "en": "The cymatium a seventh part of its height; the projection of the cymatium as much as the thickness." + }, + { + "id": 21266, + "la": "Supra zophorum denticulus est faciendus tam altus quam epistylii media fascia7; proiectura eius quantum altitudo", + "en": "Above the frieze the dentil4 is to be made as high as the middle fascia of the architrave; its projection as much as its height." + }, + { + "id": 21267, + "la": "Intersectio, quae Graece metope dicitur, sic est dividenda, uti denticulus altitudinis suae dimidiam partem habeat in fronte, cavus autem intersectionis huius frontis e tribus duas partes; huius cymatium altitudinis eius sextam partem", + "en": "The interval, which in Greek is called metope,5 is to be arranged so that the dentil is half as wide as it is high; the hollow of the interval is two-thirds of the front of the dentil; the cymatium of this, one-sixth its height." + }, + { + "id": 21268, + "la": "Corona cum suo cymatio, praeter simam, quantum media fascia epistylii; proiectura coronae cum denticulo facienda est, quantum erit altitudo a zophoro ad summum coronae cymatium; et omnino omnes ecphorae venustiorem habeant speciem, quae quantum altitudinis tantundem habeant proiecturae", + "en": "The cornice with its cymatium, but without the sima,1 is to be equal to the middle fascia of the architrave. The projection of the cornice with the dentil is to be made equal to the height from the frieze to the top of the cymatium of the cornice; and generally all projections have a more graceful appearance when they are equal to the height of the feature." + }, + { + "id": 21269, + "la": "Tympani autem, quod est in fastigio, altitudo sic est facienda, uti frons coronae ab extremis cymatiis tota dimetiatur in partes novem et ex eis una pars in medio cacumine tympani constituatur, dum contra epistylia columnarumque hypotrachelia ad perpendiculum respondeant", + "en": "The height of the tympanum which is in the pediment is to be such, that the whole front of the cornice from the outside of the cymatia is to be measured into nine parts; and of these one is to be set up in the middle for the summit of the tympanum. The architraves and hypotrachelia2 of the columns are vertically under it." + }, + { + "id": 21270, + "la": "Coronaeque supra aequaliter imis praeter simas sunt conlocandae", + "en": "The cornices above the tympana are to be made equal to those below, omitting the simae." + }, + { + "id": 21271, + "la": "Insuper coronas simae, quas Graeci epaietidas dicunt, faciendae sunt altiores octava parte coronarum altitudinis", + "en": "Above the cornices the simae, which the Greeks call epaietides, are to be made higher by one-eighth than the coronae." + }, + { + "id": 21272, + "la": "Acroteria angularia tam alta, quantum est tympanum medium, mediana altiora octava parte quam angularia", + "en": "The angle acroteria3 are to be as high as the middle of the tympanum; the middle ones are to be one-eighth higher than those at the angles." + }, + { + "id": 21273, + "la": "Membra omnia, quae supra capitula columnarum sunt futura, id est epistylia, zophora, coronae, tympana, fastigia, acroteria, inclinanda sunt in frontis suae cuiusque altitudinis parte xii, ideo quod, cum steterimus contra frontes, ab oculo lineae duae si extensae fuerint et una tetigerit imam operis partem, altera summam, quae summam tetigerit, longior fiet", + "en": "All the features which are to be above the capitals of the columns, that is to say, architraves, friezes, cornices, tympana, pediments, acroteria, are to be inclined towards their fronts by a twelfth part of their height; because when we stand against the fronts, if two lines are drawn from the eye,4 and one touches the lowest part of the work, and the other the highest, that which touches the highest, will be the longer." + }, + { + "id": 21274, + "la": "Ita quo longior visus linea in superiorem partem procedit, resupinatam facit eius speciem", + "en": "Thus because the longer line of vision goes to the upper part, it gives the appearance of leaning backwards." + }, + { + "id": 21275, + "la": "Cum autem, uti supra scriptum est, in fronte inclinata fuerit, tunc in aspectu videbuntur esse ad perpendiculum et normam", + "en": "When however, as written above, the line is inclined to the front, then the parts will seem vertical and to measure." + }, + { + "id": 21276, + "la": "Columnarum striae faciendae sunt xxiiii ita excavatae, uti norma in cavo striae cum fuerit coniecta, circumacta anconibus striarum dextra ac sinistra tangat acumenque normae circum rotundationem tangendo pervagari possit", + "en": "The flutes of the columns are to be twenty four, hollowed out in such a way that if a set square is placed in the hollow of a flute and moved round its ends, it will touch the fillets on the right and left, and the point of the square will touch the curve as it moves round." + }, + { + "id": 21277, + "la": "Crassitudines striarum faciendae sunt, quantum adiectio in media columna ex descriptione invenietur", + "en": "The width of the flutes is to be altered so as to suit the addition produced by the swelling1 of the column." + }, + { + "id": 21278, + "la": "In simis, quae supra coronam in lateribus sunt aedium, capita leonina sunt scalpenda, disposita , uti contra columnas singulas primum sint designata, cetera aequali modo disposita, uti singula singulis mediis tegulis respondeant", + "en": "On the mouldings, which are above the cornice on the sides of temples, lions heads are to be carved, and arranged firstly so as to be set over against the tops of the several columns; the others at equal intervals so as to answer to the middle of the roof tiling." + }, + { + "id": 21279, + "la": "Haec autem, quae erunt contra columnas, perterebrata sint ad canalem, qui excipit e tegulis aquam caelestem; mediana autem sint solida, uti, quae cadit vis aquae per tegulas in canalem, ne deiciatur per intercolumnia neque transeuntes perfundat, sed quae sunt contra columnas, videantur emittere vomentia ructus aquarum ex ore", + "en": "But these which will be against the columns are to be pierced for a gutter which takes the rainwater from the tiles. The intervening heads are to be solid so that the water which falls over the tiles into the gutter, may not fall down through the intercolumniations upon the passers by. But those which are against the columns are to seem to vomit and let fall streams of water from their mouths." + }, + { + "id": 21280, + "la": "Aedium ionicarum, quam apertissime potui, dis-positiones hoc volumine scripsi; doricarum autem et corinthiarum quae sint proportiones, insequenti libro explicabo", + "en": "In this book I have written about the arrangements of Ionic temples as clearly as I could: I will unfold in the next book the proportions of Doric and Corinthian temples." + }, + { + "id": 21281, + "la": "Columnae corinthiae praeter capitula omnes symmetrias habent uti ionicae, sed capitulorum altitudines efficiunt eas pro rata excelsiores et graciliores, quod ionici capituli altitudo tertia pars est crassitudinis columnae, corinthii tota crassitudo scapi", + "en": "Corinthian1 columns have all their proportions like the Ionic, with the exception of their capitals. The height of the capitals renders them proportionately higher and more slender, because the height of the Ionic capital is one third of the thickness of the column, that of the Corinthian is the whole diameter of the shaft." + }, + { + "id": 21282, + "la": "Igitur quod duae partes e crassitudine corinthiarum adiciuntur, efficiunt excelsitate speciem earum graciliorem", + "en": "Therefore because two-thirds of the diameter of the Corinthian columns are added to the capitals they give an appearance of greater slenderness owing to the increase in height." + }, + { + "id": 21283, + "la": "Cetera membra quae supra columnas inponuntur, aut e doricis symmetriis aut ionicis moribus in corinthiis columnis conlocantur, quod ipsum corinthium genus propriam coronarum reliquorumque ornamentorum non habuerat institutionem, sed aut e triglyphorum rationibus mutuli in coronis et epistyliis guttae dorico more disponuntur, aut ex ionicis institutis zophoroe scalpturis ornati cum denticulis et coronis distribuuntur", + "en": "The remaining features which are fixed above the columns are placed upon them in accordance either with Doric proportions or in the Ionic manner; because the Corinthian order has not separate rules for the cornices and the other ornaments, but, on the one hand, the mutules2 in the cornices and the guttae in the architraves, are disposed in the Doric fashion; or, on the other hand following the Ionic arrangement, the friezes are adorned with carving and are combined with dentils and cornices." + }, + { + "id": 21284, + "la": "Ita e generibus duobus capitulo interposito tertium genus in operibus est procreatum", + "en": "Thus from the two orders, a third is produced by the introduction of a new capital." + }, + { + "id": 21285, + "la": "E columnarum enim formationibus trium generum factae sunt nominationes, dorica, ionica, corinthia, e quibus prima et antiquitus dorica est nata", + "en": "From the formation of the columns, come the names of the three styles, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian; of which the Doric came first and from early ages." + }, + { + "id": 21286, + "la": "Namque Achaia Peloponnesoque tota Dorus, Hellenos et Phthiados nymphae filius, regnavit, isque Argis, vetusta civitate, Iunonis templum aedificavit, eius generis fortuito formae fanum, deinde isdem generibus in ceteris Achaiae civitatibus, cum etiamnum non esset symmetriarum ratio nata", + "en": "For in Achaea and over the whole Peloponnese, Dorus, the son of Hellen and the nymph Phthia was king; by chance he built a temple in this style at the old city of Argos, in the sanctuary of Juno, and, afterwards, in the other cities of Achaea after the same style, when as yet the determination of the exact proportions of the order had not begun." + }, + { + "id": 21287, + "la": "Postea autem quam Athenienses ex responsis Apollinis Delphici, communi consilio totius Hellados, xiii colonias uno tempore in Asiam deduxerunt ducesque in singulis coloniis constituerunt et summam imperii potestatem Ioni, Xuthi et Creusae filio, dederunt, quem etiam Apollo Delphis suum filium in responsis est professus, isque eas colonias in Asiam deduxit et Cariae fines occupavit ibique civitates amplissimas constituit Ephesum, Miletum, Myunta (quae olim ab aqua est devorata; cuius sacra et suffragium Milesiis Iones adtribuerunt), Prienen, Samum, Teon, Colophona, Chium, Erythras, Phocaeam, Clazomenas, Lebedon, Meliten (haec Melite propter civium adrogantiam ab his civitatibus bello indicto communi consilio est sublata; cuius loco postea regis Attali et Arsinoes beneficio Zmyrnae-orum civitas inter Ionas est recepta): hae civitates, cum Caras et Lelegas eiecissent, eam terrae regionem a duce suo Ione appellaverunt Ioniam ibique deorum inmortalium templa constituentes coeperunt fana aedificare", + "en": "Afterwards the Athenians, in accordance with the responses of Apollo, and by the general consent of all Greece, founded thirteen colonies in Asia at one time. They appointed chiefs in the several colonies, and gave the supreme authority to Ion, the son of Xuthus and Creusa (whom Apollo, in his responses at Delphi, had declared to be his son).1 He led the colonies into Asia and seized the territory of Caria. There he established the large cities of Ephesus, Miletus, Myus2 (of which, being swallowed up in marshy ground, the worships and vote in the League were transferred to Miletus), Priene, Samos, Teos, Colophon, Chios, Erythrae, Phocaea, Clazomenae, Lebedos, Melite. Against Melite, because of the insolence of its citizens, war was declared by the other cities, and it was destroyed by general consent. In its place, afterwards,3 the city of the Smyrnaeans was received among the Ionians by the kindness of King Attalus and Arsinoe. 5. These cities drove out the Carians and Leleges and named that region of the earth Ionia from their leader Ion, and establishing there sanctuaries of the immortal gods, they began to build temples in them." + }, + { + "id": 21288, + "la": "Et primum Apollini Panionio aedem, uti viderant in Achaia, constituerunt et eam Doricam appellaverunt, quod in Dorieon civitatibus primum factam eo genere viderunt", + "en": "First, to Panionian4 Apollo they established a temple as they had seen in Achaia. Then they called it Doric because they had first seen it built in that style." + }, + { + "id": 21289, + "la": "In ea aede cum voluissent columnas conlocare, non habentes symmetrias earum et quaerentes quibus rationibus efficere possent, uti et ad onus ferendum essent idoneae et in aspectu probatam haberent venustatem, dimensi sunt virilis pedis vestigium et id rettulerunt in altitudinem", + "en": "When they wished to place columns in that temple, not having their proportions, and seeking by what method they could make them fit to bear weight, and in their appearance to have an approved grace, they measured a mans footstep and applied it to his height." + }, + { + "id": 21290, + "la": "Cum invenissent pedem sextam partem esse altitudinis in homine, item in columnam transtulerunt et, qua crassitudine fecerunt basim scapi, tanta sex cum capitulo in altitudinem extulerunt", + "en": "Finding that the foot was the sixth part of the height in a man, they applied this proportion to the column. Of whatever thickness they made the base of the shaft they raised it along with the capital to six times as much in height." + }, + { + "id": 21291, + "la": "Ita dorica columna virilis corporis proportionem et firmitatem et venustatem in aedificiis praestare coepit", + "en": "So the Doric column began to furnish the proportion of a mans body, its strength and grace." + }, + { + "id": 21292, + "la": "Item postea Dianae constituere aedem, quaerentes novi generis speciem isdem vestigiis ad muliebrem transtulerunt gracilitatem, et fecerunt primum columnae crassitudinem octava parte, ut haberet speciem excelsiorem", + "en": "Afterwards also seeking to plan a temple of Diana in a new kind of style, they changed it to a feminine slenderness with the same measurement by feet. And first they made the diameter of the column the eighth part of it, so that it might appear taller." + }, + { + "id": 21293, + "la": "Basi spiram subposuerunt pro calceo, capitulo volutas uti capillamento concrispatos cincinnos praependentes dextra ac sinistra conlocaverunt et cymatiis et encarpis pro crinibus dispositis frontes ornaverunt truncoque toto strias uti stolarum rugas matronali more dimiserunt, ita duobus discriminibus columnarum inventionem, unam virili sine ornatu nudam speciem, alteram muliebri", + "en": "Under the base they placed a convex moulding as if a shoe; at the capital they put volutes, like graceful curling hair, hanging over right and left. And arranging cymatia and festoons in place of hair, they ornamented the front, and, over all the trunk (i.e. the shaft), they let fluting fall, like the folds of matronly robes; thus they proceeded to the invention of columns in two manners; one, manlike in appearance, bare, unadorned; the other feminine." + }, + { + "id": 21294, + "la": "Subtilitateque iudiciorum progressi et gracilioribus modulis delectati septem crassitudinis diametros in altitudinem columnae doricae, ionicae novem constituerunt", + "en": "Advancing in the subtlety of their judgments and preferring slighter modules, they fixed seven measures of the diameter for the height of the Doric column, nine for the Ionic." + }, + { + "id": 21295, + "la": "Id autem quod Iones fecerunt primo, Ionicum est nominatum", + "en": "This order because the Ionians made it first, was named Ionic." + }, + { + "id": 21296, + "la": "Tertium vero, quod Corinthium dicitur, virginalis habet gracilitatis imitationem, quod virgines propter aetatis teneritatem gracilioribus membris figuratae effectus recipiunt in ornatu venustiores", + "en": "But the third order, which is called Corinthian,1 imitates the slight figure of a maiden; because girls are represented with slighter dimensions because of their tender age, and admit of more graceful effects in ornament." + }, + { + "id": 21297, + "la": "Eius autem capituli prima inventio sic memoratur esse facta", + "en": "Now the first invention of that capital is related to have happened thus." + }, + { + "id": 21298, + "la": "Virgo civis Corinthia iam matura nuptiis inplicata morbo decessit", + "en": "A girl, a native of Corinth, already of age to be married, was attacked by disease and died." + }, + { + "id": 21299, + "la": "Post sepulturam eius, quibus ea virgo viva poculis delectabatur, nutrix collecta et conposita in calatho pertulit ad monumentum et in summo conlocavit et, uti ea permanerent diutius subdiu, tegula texit", + "en": "After her funeral, the goblets which delighted her when living, were put together in a basket by her nurse, carried to the monument, and placed on the top. That they might remain longer, exposed as they were to the weather, she covered the basket with a tile." + }, + { + "id": 21300, + "la": "Is calathus fortuito supra acanthi radicem fuerit conlocatus", + "en": "As it happened the basket was placed upon the root of an acanthus." + }, + { + "id": 21301, + "la": "Interim pondere pressa radix acanthi media folia et cauliculos circum vernum tempus profudit, cuius cauliculi secundum calathi latera crescentes et ab angulis tegulae ponderis necessitate expressi flexuras in extremas partes volutarum facere sunt coacti", + "en": "Meanwhile about spring time, the root of the acanthus, being pressed down in the middle by the weight, put forth leaves and shoots. The shoots grew up the sides of the basket, and, being pressed down at the angles by the force of the weight of the tile, were compelled to form the curves of volutes at the extreme parts." + }, + { + "id": 21302, + "la": "Tunc Callimachus qui propter elegantiam et subtilitatem artis marmoreae ab Atheniensibus catatechnos fuerat nominatus, praeteriens hoc monumentum animadvertit eum calathum et circa foliorum nascentem teneritatem, delectatusque genere et formae novitate ad id exemplar columnas apud Corinthios fecit symmetriasque constituit; ex eo in operis perfectionibus Corinthii generis distribuit rationes", + "en": "Then Callimachus, who for the elegance and refinement of his marble carving was nick-named catatechnos by the Athenians, was passing the monument, perceived the basket and the young leaves growing up Pleased with the style and novelty of the grouping, he made columns for the Corinthians on this model and fixed the proportions. Thence he distributed the details of the Corinthian order throughout the work." + }, + { + "id": 21303, + "la": "Eius autem capituli symmetria sic est facienda, uti, quanta fuerit crassitudo imae columnae, tanta sit altitudo capituli cum abaco", + "en": "The proportions of the capital are to be arranged thus. The height of the capital with the abacus is to equal the diameter of the bottom of the column." + }, + { + "id": 21304, + "la": "Abaci latitudo ita habeat rationem, ut, quanta fuerit altitudo, tanta duo sint diagonia ab angulo ad angulum; spatia enim ita iustas habebunt frontes quoquoversus latitudinis", + "en": "The width of the abacus is to be so proportioned: the diagonal lines from angle to angle are to equal twice the height of the capital. Thus the front elevations in every direction, will have the right breadth." + }, + { + "id": 21305, + "la": "Frontes simentur introrsus ab extremis angulis abaci suae frontis latitudinis nona", + "en": "Let the faces be curved inward from the extreme angles of the abacus the ninth part of the breadth of the face." + }, + { + "id": 21306, + "la": "Ad imum capituli tantam habeat crassitudinem, quantam habet summa columna praeter apothesim et astragalum", + "en": "At the lowest part, let the capital have the diameter of the top of the column, excluding the curving away of the column into the capital, and the astragal." + }, + { + "id": 21307, + "la": "Abaci crassitudo septima capituli altitudinis", + "en": "The thickness of the abacus is one seventh of the height of the capital." + }, + { + "id": 21308, + "la": "Dempta abaci crassitudine dividatur reliqua pars in partes tres, e quibus una imo folio detur; secundum folium mediam altitudinem teneat; coliculi eandem habeant altitudinem, e quibus folia nascuntur proiecta, uti excipiant quae ex coliculis natae procurrunt ad extremos angulos volutae; minoresque helices intra suum medium, qui est in abaco; flores subiecti scalpantur", + "en": "Taking away the thickness of the abacus, let the remainder be divided into three parts, of which let one be given to the lowest leaf. Let the second leaf have two thirds. Let the stalks have the same height, and let leaves arise from these, projecting to receive the volutes which rise from the stalks and run out to the extreme angles. Let smaller spirals be carved running up to the flower which is in the middle of the abacus." + }, + { + "id": 21309, + "la": "Flores in quattuor partibus, quanta erit abaci crassitudo, tam magni formentur", + "en": "On the four sides let flowers be carved, their width being equal to the height of the abacus." + }, + { + "id": 21310, + "la": "Ita his symmetriis corinthia capitula suas habebunt exactiones", + "en": "With these proportions, Corinthian capitals will have their appropriate execution." + }, + { + "id": 21311, + "la": "Sunt autem, quae isdem columnis inponuntur, capitulorum genera variis vocabulis nominata, quorum nec proprietates symmetriarum nec columnarum genus aliud nominare possumus, sed ipsorum vocabula traducta et commutata ex corinthiis et pulvinatis et doricis videmus, quorum symmetriae sunt in novarum scalpturarum translatae subtilitatem", + "en": "There are other2 kinds of capitals variously named which are placed upon these same columns. We cannot name their special proportions nor the style of the columns in any other manner. We observe that even their names are transferred and changed from the Corinthian, Pulvinate and Doric styles, the proportions of which are transferred to the refinements of these novel sculptures." + }, + { + "id": 21312, + "la": "Quoniam autem de generibus columnarum origines et inventiones supra sunt scriptae, non alienum mihi videtur isdem rationibus de ornamentis eorum, quemadmodum sunt prognata et quibus principiis et originibus inventa, dicere", + "en": "Now since the origins and discovery of the orders of columns have been described above, it does not seem foreign to my purpose if I speak in the same way about their ornaments: how they came about, and from what principles and origins they were invented." + }, + { + "id": 21313, + "la": "In aedificiis omnibus insuper conlocatur materiatio variis vocabulis nominata", + "en": "In all buildings timbering,2 called by various names, is used in the upper parts;" + }, + { + "id": 21314, + "la": "Ea autem uti in nominationibus, ita in res varias habet utilitates", + "en": "as in name, so in practice, it has uses for various things." + }, + { + "id": 21315, + "la": "Trabes enim supra columnas et parastaticas et antas ponuntur; in contignationibus tigna et axes; sub tectis, si maiora spatia sunt, et transtra et capreoli, si commoda, columen, et cantherii prominentes ad extremam suggrundationem; supra cantherios templa; deinde insuper sub tegulas asseres ita prominentes, uti parietes protecturis eorum tegantur", + "en": "Beams are placed on columns, pilasters and responds. In floors there are joists and planks. Under roofs, if the spans are considerable, both cross pieces and stays; if of moderate size, a ridge piece with rafters projecting to the edge of the eaves. Above the principal rafters, purlins; then above, under the tiles, rafters which overhang so that the walls are covered by the eaves." + }, + { + "id": 21316, + "la": "Ita unaquaeque res et locum et genus et ordinem proprium tuetur", + "en": "So each scantling preserves its proper place and style and arrangement." + }, + { + "id": 21317, + "la": "E quibus rebus et a materiatura fabrili in lapideis et marmoreis aedium sacrarum aedificationibus artifices dispositiones eorum scalpturis sunt imitati et eas inventiones persequendas putaverunt", + "en": "In view of these things and of carpenters work generally, craftsmen imitated such arrangements in sculpture when they built temples of stone and marble. For they thought these models worth following up." + }, + { + "id": 21318, + "la": "Ideo, quod antiqui fabri quodam in loco aedificantes, cum ita ab interioribus parietibus ad extremas partes tigna prominentia habuissent conlocata, inter tigna struxerunt supraque coronas et fastigia venustiore specie fabrilibus operibus ornaverunt, tum proiecturas tignorum, quantum eminebant, ad lineam et perpendiculum parietum praesecuerunt, quae species cum invenusta is visa esset, tabellas ita formatas, uti nunc fiunt triglyphi, contra tignorum praecisiones in fronte fixerunt et eas cera caerulea depinxerunt, ut praecisiones tignorum tectae non offenderent visum ita divisiones tignorum tectae triglyphorum dispositionem et inter tigna metoparum habere in doricis operibus coeperunt", + "en": "Thus workmen of old, building in various places, when they had put beams reaching from the inner walls to the outside parts, built in the spaces between the beams; above through their craftsmanship, they ornamented the cornices and gables with a more graceful effect. Then they cut off the projections of the beams, as far as they came forward, to the line and perpendicular of the walls. But since this appearance was ungraceful, they fixed tablets shaped as triglyphs now are, against the cutoff beams, and painted them with blue wax, in order that the cutoff beams might be concealed so as not to offend the eyes. Thus in Doric structures, the divisions of the beams being hidden began to have the arrangement of the triglyphs, and, between the beams, of metopes." + }, + { + "id": 21319, + "la": "Postea alii in aliis operibus ad perpendiculum triglyphorum cantherios prominentes proiecerunt eorumque proiecturas simaverunt", + "en": "Subsequently other architects in other works carried forward over the triglyphs the projecting rafters, and trimmed the projections." + }, + { + "id": 21320, + "la": "Ex eo, uti tignorum dispositionibus triglyphi, ita e cantheriorum proiecturis mutulorum sub coronulis ratio est inventa", + "en": "Hence just as triglyphs came by the treatment of the beams, so from the projections of the rafters the detail of the mutules under the cornices was invented." + }, + { + "id": 21321, + "la": "Ita fere in operibus lapideis et marmoreis mutuli inclinatis scalpturis deformantur, quod imitatio est cantheriorum; etenim necessario propter stillicidia proclinati conlocantur", + "en": "Thus generally in buildings of stone and marble the mutules are modelled with sloping carving; and this imitates the rafters. For they are necessarily put sloping because of the rainfall." + }, + { + "id": 21322, + "la": "Ergo et triglyphorum et mutulorum in doricis operibus ratio ex ea imitatione inventa est", + "en": "Therefore in the Doric style the detail both of the triglyphs and of the mutules arose from this imitation of timber work." + }, + { + "id": 21323, + "la": "Non enim, quemadmodum nonnulli errantes dixerunt fenestrarum imagines esse triglyphos, ita potest esse, quod in angulis contraque tetrantes columnarum triglyphi constituuntur, quibus in locis omnino non patitur res fenestras fieri", + "en": "For it cannot be that triglyphs are representations of windows (as some have mistakenly said). For triglyphs are placed at the angles of the front, and over the centre of columns; where generally it is impossible for windows to be made." + }, + { + "id": 21324, + "la": "Dissolvuntur enim angulorum in aedificiis iuncturae, si in is fenestrarum fuerint lumina relicta", + "en": "For the bond at the angles of buildings is destroyed, if window lights are left there." + }, + { + "id": 21325, + "la": "Etiamque ubi nunc triglyphi constituuntur, si ibi luminum spatia fuisse iudicabuntur, isdem rationibus denticuli in ionicis fenestrarum occupavisse loca videbuntur", + "en": "And also if window lights are considered to have been where now triglyphs are placed, in the same way dentils in Ionic buildings will seem to have taken the place of windows." + }, + { + "id": 21326, + "la": "Utraque enim, et inter denticulos et inter triglyphos quae sunt intervalla, metopae nominantur", + "en": "For the intervals, which are both between dentils and between triglyphs, are called metopae." + }, + { + "id": 21327, + "la": "Opas enim Graeci tignorum cubicula et asserum appellant, uti nostri ea cava columbaria", + "en": "For the Greeks give the name of opae to the beds of beams and rafters; as our people call them hollow mortices." + }, + { + "id": 21328, + "la": "Ita quod inter duas opas est intertignium, id metope est apud eos nominata", + "en": "So the space between the two opae is called metopa among the Greeks." + }, + { + "id": 21329, + "la": "Ita uti autem in doricis triglyphorum et mutulorum est inventa ratio, item in ionicis denticulorum constitutio propriam in operibus habet rationem, et quemadmodum mutuli cantheriorum proiecturae ferunt imaginem, sic in ionicis denticuli ex proiecturis asserum habent imitationem", + "en": "In the Doric order, the detail of the triglyphs and mutules was invented with a purpose. Similarly in Ionic buildings, the placing of the dentils, has its appropriate intention. And just as in the Doric order the mutules have been the representation of the projecting principal rafters, so, in the case of Ionic dentils, they also imitate the projection of the ordinary rafters." + }, + { + "id": 21330, + "la": "Itaque in graecis operibus nemo sub mutulo denticulos constituit; non enim possunt subtus cantherios asseres esse", + "en": "Therefore in Greek works no one puts dentils under a mutule.1 For ordinary rafters cannot be put beneath principals." + }, + { + "id": 21331, + "la": "Quod ergo supra cantherios et templa in veritatem debet esse conlocatum, id in imaginibus si infra constitutum fuerit, mendosam habebit operis rationem", + "en": "For if what ought to be placed above principals and purlins in reality is placed below them in the imitation, the treatment of the work will be faulty." + }, + { + "id": 21332, + "la": "Etiam quod antiqui non probaverunt, neque instituerunt in fastigiis denticulos fieri sed puras coronas, ideo quod nec cantherii nec asseres contra fastigiorum frontes distribuuntur nec possunt prominere, sed ad stillicidia proclinati conlocantur", + "en": "Further, as to the ancients neither approving nor arranging that in the pediments there should be either mutules or dentils, but plain cornices, this was because neither principals nor rafters are fixed to project on the front of gables, but are placed sloping down to the eaves." + }, + { + "id": 21333, + "la": "Ita quod non potest in veritate fieri, id non putaverunt in imaginibus factum posse certam rationem habere", + "en": "Thus what cannot happen in reality cannot (they thought) be correctly treated in the imitation." + }, + { + "id": 21334, + "la": "Omnia enim certa proprietate et a veris naturae deducta moribus transduxerunt in operum perfectiones, et ea probaverunt, quorum explicationes in disputationibus rationem possunt habere veritatis", + "en": "For, by an exact fitness deduced from the real laws of nature, they adapted everything to the perfection of their work, and approved what they could show by argument, to follow the method of reality." + }, + { + "id": 21335, + "la": "Itaque ex eis originibus symmetrias et proportiones uniuscuiusque generis constitutas reliquerunt", + "en": "And so they handed down the symmetry and proportions of each order as determined from these beginnings." + }, + { + "id": 21336, + "la": "Quorum ingressus persecutus de ionicis et corinthiis institutionibus supra dixi; nunc vero doricam rationem summamque eius speciem breviter exponam", + "en": "Following their footsteps I have spoken above of the Ionic and Corinthian orders, but now I shall briefly set forth the Doric manner and its general form." + }, + { + "id": 21337, + "la": "Nonnulli antiqui architecti negaverunt dorico genere aedes sacras oportere fieri, quod mendosae et disconvenientes in his symmetriae conficiebantur", + "en": "Some ancient architects have said that temples should not be constructed in the Doric style, because faulty and unsuitable correspondence arose in them;" + }, + { + "id": 21338, + "la": "Itaque negavit Arcesius, item Pythius, non minus Hermogenes", + "en": "for example Arcesius,1 Pythius,2 and especially Hermogenes." + }, + { + "id": 21339, + "la": "Nam is cum paratam habuisset marmoris copiam in doricae aedis perfectionem, commutavit ex eadem copia et eam ionicam Libero Patri fecit", + "en": "For the last named after preparing a supply of marble for a temple in the Doric style, changed over, using the same marble, and built an Ionic temple to Father Bacchus3" + }, + { + "id": 21340, + "la": "Sed tamen non quod invenusta est species aut genus aut formae dignitas, sed quod inpedita est distributio et incommoda in opere triglyphorum et lacunariorum distributione", + "en": "not because the form or style or dignity of the plan is displeasing, but because the distribution of the triglyphs and soffits is confused and inconvenient." + }, + { + "id": 21341, + "la": "Namque necesse est triglyphos constitui contra medios tetrantes columnarum, metopasque, quae inter triglyphos fient, aeque longas esse quam altas", + "en": "For it is necessary that the triglyphs should be placed over the middle quadrants of the columns, and that the metopes which are constructed between the triglyphs should be as broad as they are high." + }, + { + "id": 21342, + "la": "Contraque in angulares columnas triglyphi in extremis partibus constituuntur et non contra medios tetrantes", + "en": "On the other hand, the triglyphs against the corner columns are placed at their furthest edge, and not against the middle of the columns." + }, + { + "id": 21343, + "la": "Ita metopae quae proximae ad angulares triglyphos fiunt, non exeunt quadratae sed oblongiores triglyphi dimidia latitudine", + "en": "Thus the metopes which are made next to the corner triglyphs do not come out square but oblong by half the breadth of a triglyph." + }, + { + "id": 21344, + "la": "At qui metopas aequales volunt facere, intercolumnia extrema contrahunt triglyphi dimidia latitudine", + "en": "But those who wish to make the metopes equal contract the extreme intercolumniations by half the breadth of a triglyph." + }, + { + "id": 21345, + "la": "Hoc autem, sive in metoparum longitudinibus sive intercolumniorum contractionibus efficietur, est mendosum", + "en": "Whether the work proceeds by lengthening the metopes or contracting the intercolumniations, it is faulty." + }, + { + "id": 21346, + "la": "Quapropter antiqui vitare visi sunt in aedibus sacris doricae symmetriae rationem", + "en": "Hence the ancients, as it seems, avoided the Doric order in temples." + }, + { + "id": 21347, + "la": "Nos autem exponimus, uti ordo postulat, quemadmodum a praeceptoribus accepimus, uti, si qui voluerit his rationibus adtendens ita ingredi, habeat proportiones explicatas, quibus emendatas et sine vitiis efficere possit aedium sacrarum dorico more perfectiones", + "en": "Now we, following the arrangement demanded in accordance with the instruction of our masters, proceed in such a way that, if the reader will conform to our methods, he may find those proportions set forth by which he can carry out temples in the Doric style faultless and without blemish." + }, + { + "id": 21348, + "la": "Frons aedis doricae in loco, quo columnae constituuntur, dividatur, si tetrastylos erit, in partes xxvii, si hexastylos, xxxxii", + "en": "The front of a Doric temple is to be divided along the line where columns are set, into 27 parts if it is tetrastyle, into 42 parts if it is hexastyle." + }, + { + "id": 21349, + "la": "Ex his pars una erit modulus, qui Graece embater dicitur, cuius moduli constitutione ratiocinationibus efficiuntur omnis operis distributiones", + "en": "Of these one part will be the module (which in Greek is called embater) and when this is determined, the distribution of all the work is produced by multiples of it." + }, + { + "id": 21350, + "la": "Crassitudo columnarum erit duorum modulorum, altitudo cum capitulo xiiii", + "en": "The diameter of the columns will be two modules,1 the height including the capital 14," + }, + { + "id": 21351, + "la": "Capituli crassitudo unius moduli, latitudo duorum et moduli sextae partis", + "en": "the height of the capital is one module, the width two modules and a sixth." + }, + { + "id": 21352, + "la": "Crassitudo capituli dividatur in partes tres, e quibus una plinthus cum cymatio fiat, altera echinus cum anulis, tertia hypotrachelion", + "en": "The height of the capital is to be divided into three parts, of which one is to be the abacus with the cymatium; the second the echinus with fillets; the third the necking." + }, + { + "id": 21353, + "la": "Contrahatur columna ita, uti in tertio libro de ionicis est scriptum", + "en": "The column is to be diminished as directed for the Ionic order in the third book." + }, + { + "id": 21354, + "la": "Epistylii altitudo unius moduli cum taenia et guttis; taenia moduli septima; guttarum longitudo sub taenia contra triglyphos alta cum regula parte sexta moduli praependeat", + "en": "The height of the architrave is to be one module including the taenia and guttae; the taenia is to be the seventh part of a module; the length of the guttae under the taenia corresponds to the triglyphs, and is to hang down, including the fillet, the sixth part of a module." + }, + { + "id": 21355, + "la": "Item epistylii latitudo ima respondeat hypotrachelio summae columnae", + "en": "The breadth also of the architrave at the soffit is to correspond to the necking of the column at the top." + }, + { + "id": 21356, + "la": "Supra epistylium conlocandi sunt triglyphi cum suis metopis, alti unius et dimidiati moduli, lati in fronte unius moduli, ita divisi, ut in angularibus columnis et in mediis contra tetrantes medios sint conlocati, et intercolumniis reliquis bini, in mediis pronao et postico terni", + "en": "Above the architrave are to be placed the triglyphs with the metopes; the triglyphs being a module and a half high and one module wide in front, and so distributed that in the columns both at the corners and in the middle, they are placed over the centres. In the middle intercolumniations of the front and back there are to be three, in the other intercolumniations there are to be two triglyphs." + }, + { + "id": 21357, + "la": "Ita relaxatis mediis intervallis sine inpeditionibus aditus accedentibus erit ad deorum simulacra", + "en": "The middle intercolumniations are to be thus widened so that for those who are approaching the statues of the gods there may be an uninterrupted approach." + }, + { + "id": 21358, + "la": "Triglyphorum latitudo dividatur in partes sex, ex quibus quinque partibus in medio, duae dimidiae dextra ac sinistra designentur regula", + "en": "The width of the triglyphs is to be divided into six parts, of which five parts are to be in the middle, and two halves right and left are to be marked by the length of the fillet." + }, + { + "id": 21359, + "la": "Una in medio deformetur femur, quod Graece meros dicitur; secundum eam canaliculi ad normae cacumen inprimantur; ex ordine eorum dextra ac sinistra altera femina constituantur; in extremis partibus semicanaliculi intervertantur", + "en": "The part in the middle is to be shaped flat as the thigh (which in Greek is called m'ros). Parallel channels are to be sunk with sides meeting in a right angle. To the right and left of them, in order, other flat surfaces or thighs are to be put. At the furthest edges, half channels are to be put." + }, + { + "id": 21360, + "la": "Triglyphis ita conlocatis, metopae quae sunt inter triglyphos, aeque altae sint quam longae; item in extremis angulis semimetopia sint inpressa dimidia moduli latitudine", + "en": "After placing the triglyphs, the metopes which separate them, are to be made as high as they are long. Further, at the extreme corners, half metopes are to be made half a module wide." + }, + { + "id": 21361, + "la": "Ita enim erit, ut omnia vitia et metoparum et intercolumniorum et lacunariorum, quod aequales divisiones factae erunt, emendentur", + "en": "Hence the divisions will be made uniform and all the faults, both of metopes and intercolumniations and soffits, will be removed." + }, + { + "id": 21362, + "la": "Triglyphi capitula sexta parte moduli sunt faciunda", + "en": "The capitals of the triglyphs are to be made of the sixth part of a module." + }, + { + "id": 21363, + "la": "Supra triglyphorum capitula corona est conlocanda in proiectura dimidiae et sextae partis habens cymatium doricum in imo, alterum in summo", + "en": "Above the capitals of the triglyphs, the cornice is to be placed projecting two thirds of a module, with a Doric cymatium below and another at the top." + }, + { + "id": 21364, + "la": "Item cum cymatiis corona crassa ex dimidia moduli", + "en": "Further, with the cymatia, the cornice will be half a module high." + }, + { + "id": 21365, + "la": "Dividendae autem sunt in corona ima ad perpendiculum triglyphorum et medias metopas viarum derectiones et guttarum distributiones, ita uti guttae sex in longitudinem, tres in latitudinem pateant", + "en": "Now in the lowest part of the cornice, above the triglyphs and the middle of the metopes, the lines of the viae1 and the rows of the guttae are to be divided so that there are six guttae in the length and three in the breadth." + }, + { + "id": 21366, + "la": "Reliqua spatia, quod latiores sint metopae quam triglyphi, pura relinquantur aut numina scalpantur, ad ipsumque mentum coronae incidatur linea quae scotia dicitur", + "en": "The remaining spaces, because the metopes are broader than triglyphs, are to be left plain, or divine images are to be carved; and at the very edge of the cornice a line is to be cut in which is called the scotia." + }, + { + "id": 21367, + "la": "Reliqua omnia, tympana, simae, coronae, quemadmodum supra scriptum est in ionicis, ita perficiantur", + "en": "All the rest'namely the field of the pediment, the cymas, the cornices'are to be finished as prescribed above for Ionic buildings." + }, + { + "id": 21368, + "la": "Haec ratio in operibus diastylis erit constituta", + "en": "Such is the method that will be appointed for diastyle works." + }, + { + "id": 21369, + "la": "Si vero systylon et monotriglyphon opus erit faciundum, frons aedis, si tetrastylo erit, dividatur in partes xviiii s, si hexastylos erit, dividatur in partes xxviiii s", + "en": "But if the work is to be systyle and with single triglyphs, the front of a tetrastyle temple is to be divided into nineteen and a half parts; of a hexastyle temple into twenty nine and a half parts." + }, + { + "id": 21370, + "la": "Ex his pars una erit modulus, ad quem, uti supra scriptum est, dividantur", + "en": "Of these one part will be the module according to which they are to be divided, as written above." + }, + { + "id": 21371, + "la": "Ita supra singula epistylia et metopae et triglyphi bini erunt conlocandi; in angularibus hoc amplius, quantum dimidiatum est spatium hemitriglyphi, id accedit", + "en": "Thus above the single architraves, two metopes and two triglyphs are to be placed. At the angles2 in addition, as much as is half a triglyph is put." + }, + { + "id": 21372, + "la": "In mediano contra fastigium trium triglyphorum et trium metoparum spatium distabit, quod latius medium intercolumnium accedentibus ad aedem habeat laxamentum et adversus simulacra deorum aspectus dignitatem", + "en": "Against the middle of the pediment, a space will intervene of three triglyphs and three metopes, in order that the middle intercolumniation, being broader, may give room to persons approaching the temple, and furnish a dignified appearance as one goes to meet the Image of the God." + }, + { + "id": 21373, + "la": "Columnas autem striari xx striis oportet", + "en": "The columns ought to be fluted with 20 flutes." + }, + { + "id": 21374, + "la": "Quae si planae erunt, angulos habeant xx designatos", + "en": "If the flutes are flat, the columns must have 20 vertical edges marked." + }, + { + "id": 21375, + "la": "Sin autem excavabuntur, sic est forma facienda, ita uti quam magnum est intervallum striae, tam magnis striaturae paribus lateribus quadratum describatur; in medio autem quadrato circini centrum conlocetur et agatur linea rotundationis, quae quadrationis angulos tangat, et quantum erit curvaturae inter rotundationem et quadratam descriptionem, tantum ad formam excaventur", + "en": "But if the flutes are hollow, we must fix their form in this way: draw a square with equal sides as great as is the width of the fluting. Now in the middle of the square the centre of a circle is to be placed, and let a circle be described which touches the angles of the square; and the curve which comes between the circumference and the side of the square, will give the hollow of the flutes." + }, + { + "id": 21376, + "la": "Ita dorica columna sui generis striaturae habebit perfectionem", + "en": "Thus the Doric column will have the fluting proper to its order." + }, + { + "id": 21377, + "la": "De adiectione eius, qua media adaugetur, uti in tertio volumine de ionicis est perscripta, ita et in his transferatur", + "en": "Concerning the entasis of the column by which it is increased in the middle, the method prescribed in the third book for the Ionic order is to be imitated in the case of the Doric order." + }, + { + "id": 21378, + "la": "Quoniam exterior species symmetriarum et corinthiorum et doricorum et ionicorum est perscripta, necesse est etiam interiores cellarum pronaique distributiones explicare", + "en": "Inasmuch as the external appearance of the symmetries of the Corinthian and Doric and Ionic orders has been described, we must proceed to explain the interior distribution of the apartments of the temple, and also of the approach to the temple." + }, + { + "id": 21379, + "la": "Distribuitur autem longitudo aedis, uti latitudo sit longitudinis dimidiae partis, ipsaque cella parte quarta longior sit, quam est latitudo, cum pariete qui paries valvarum habuerit conlocationem", + "en": "The length of the temple is so arranged that the breadth is half the length. The cella itself is to be a fourth part longer than its breadth, including the wall which contains the doors." + }, + { + "id": 21380, + "la": "Reliquae tres partes pronai ad antas parietum procurrant, quae antae columnarum crassitudinem habere debent", + "en": "The remaining three parts, that is, the portico, are to run forward to the antae of the walls. The antae ought to have the thickness of the columns." + }, + { + "id": 21381, + "la": "Et si aedes erit latitudine maior quam pedes xx, duae columnae inter duas antas interponantur, quae disiungant pteromatos et pronai spatium", + "en": "If the temple be more than 20 feet in breadth, between the two antae two columns are to be placed and these columns are to separate the portico and the pteroma.1" + }, + { + "id": 21382, + "la": "Item intercolumnia tria quae erunt inter antas et columnas, pluteis marmoreis sive ex intestino opere factis intercludantur, ita uti fores habeant, per quas itinera pronao fiant", + "en": "Between the three intercolumniations, which will come between the antae and the columns, let there be a fence of marble or of fine joinery1 with gates2 by which the portico may be entered." + }, + { + "id": 21383, + "la": "Item si maior erit latitudo quam pedes xl, columnae contra regiones columnarum, quae inter antas sunt, introrsus conlocentur", + "en": "Also if the breadth be more than 40 feet, columns are to be placed towards the inner part, in a direct line with those which are between the pilasters." + }, + { + "id": 21384, + "la": "Et hae altitudinem habeant aeque quam quae sunt in fronte, crassitudines autem earum extenuentur his rationibus, uti, si octava parte erunt quae sunt in fronte, hae fiant x parte, sin autem viiii aut decima, pro rata parte", + "en": "These other columns are to have the same height as those in front, but their diameters are to be lessened in the following manner: if the diameter of the front columns is one eighth of their height, the side diameters are to be one tenth; if the front diameter is one ninth or one tenth, then proportionately." + }, + { + "id": 21385, + "la": "In concluso enim aere si quae extenuatae erunt, non discernentur", + "en": "For being diminished in an enclosed space, they will not be remarked." + }, + { + "id": 21386, + "la": "Sin autem videbuntur graciliores, cum exterioribus fuerint striae xxiiii, in his faciendae erunt xxviii aut xxxii", + "en": "But if they should seem too slender they may have 28 or 32 flutes against the outside 20 or 24." + }, + { + "id": 21387, + "la": "Ita quod detrahitur de corpore scapi, striarum numero adiecto adaugebitur ratione, quo minus videtur, et ita exaequabitur dispari ratione columnarum crassitudo", + "en": "Thus what is taken from the diameter of the shaft will be added by the extra number of the flutes, so as not be observed. In this way the varying diameter of the columns will be balanced." + }, + { + "id": 21388, + "la": "Hoc autem efficit ea ratio, quod oculus plura et crebriora signa tangendo maiore visus circuitione pervagatur", + "en": "This effect is produced for the following reason. The eye thus touches a greater number of points,3 and ranges over a larger circumference of vision." + }, + { + "id": 21389, + "la": "Namque si duae columnae aeque crassae lineis circummetientur, e quibus una sit non striata, altera striata, et circa strigilium cava et angulos striarum linea corpora tangat, tametsi columnae aeque crassae fuerint, lineae, quae circumdatae erunt, aequales, quod striarum et strigilium circuitus maiorem efficit lineae longitudinem", + "en": "For if two columns of equal diameter, of which one is fluted and the other is not, have a line measured round them and one line touches the shafts of the columns round the flutes and their fillets, although the columns are of equal diameter, the bounding lines will not be equal because the circuit of the fillets and the flutes produces a greater length of line." + }, + { + "id": 21390, + "la": "Sin autem hoc ita videbitur, non est alienum in angustis locis et in concluso spatio graciliores columnarum symmetrias in opere constituere, cum habeamus adiutricem striatarum temperaturam", + "en": "Now if this shall seem to be the case, it is not inappropriate, in narrow places and a confined space, to use in building more slender proportions for the columns, since we have the adjustment of the fluting to help us." + }, + { + "id": 21391, + "la": "Ipsius autem cellae parietum crassitudinem pro rata parte magnitudinis fieri oportet, dum antae eorum crassitudinibus columnarum sint aequales", + "en": "The thickness of the walls of the cella itself ought to be proportionate to its dimensions, provided that the antae (front pilasters) are equal to the diameter of the columns," + }, + { + "id": 21392, + "la": "Et si extructi futuri sunt, quam minutissimis caementis struantur, sin autem quadrato saxo aut marmore, maxime modicis paribusque videtur esse faciundum, quod media coagmenta medii lapides continentes firmiorem facient omnis operis perfectionem", + "en": "and if the walls are continued into the pilasters, they are to be of very small stones. But if the antae are built of square stone or marble, the pieces should be of moderate and equal size. For the middle of the stones in the course above will bind together the joints below them and will strengthen the execution of the whole work." + }, + { + "id": 21393, + "la": "Item circum coagmenta et cubilia eminentes expressiones graphicoteran efficient in aspectu delectationem", + "en": "Further, the raised pointing about the upright and bed joints will produce a more picturesque effect in the general view." + }, + { + "id": 21394, + "la": "Regiones autem, quas debent spectare aedes sacrae deorum inmortalium, sic erunt constituendae, uti, si nulla ratio inpedierit liberaque fuerit potestas, aedis signumque quod erit in cella conlocatum, spectet ad vespertinam caeli regionem, uti, qui adierint ad aram immolantes aut sacrificia facientes, spectent ad partem caeli orientis et simulacrum, quod erit in aede, et ita vota suscipientes contueantur aedem et orientem caelum ipsaque simulacra videantur exorientia contueri supplicantes et sacrificantes, quod aras omnes deorum necesse esse videatur ad orientem spectare", + "en": "The aspects which the sacred temples of the immortal gods ought to regard are so to be appointed (if no reason hinders, and the opportunity is presented) that the temple and the Statue which is in the shrine look towards the western quarter of the sky, so that those who come to the altar to sacrifice or make offerings may look towards the eastern Heaven1 and the image in the temple. In like fashion persons undertaking vows may look upon the temple and the eastern Heaven. And the very images may seem to rise up and gaze upon those who make vows and sacrifices. For all the altars of the gods should look to the east." + }, + { + "id": 21395, + "la": "Sin autem loci natura interpellaverit, tunc convertendae sunt earum regionum constitutiones, uti quam plurima pars moenium e templis eorum conspiciatur", + "en": "But if the nature of the site interferes, the aspect of the temple must be so altered that the greatest possible part within the walls of the city may be visible from the temples of the gods." + }, + { + "id": 21396, + "la": "Item si secundum flumina aedis sacra fiet, ita uti Aegypto circa Nilum, ad fluminis ripas videantur spectare debere", + "en": "Also if a sacred temple is raised along the riverside, as by the Nile in Egypt, it ought to seem to regard the banks of the river." + }, + { + "id": 21397, + "la": "Similiter si circum vias publicas erunt aedificia deorum, ita constituantur, uti praetereuntes possint respicere et in conspectu salutationes facere", + "en": "Likewise if the edifices of the gods are about the public thoroughfares, they are to be so arranged that the passers-by can look aside, and make their reverence in full view." + }, + { + "id": 21398, + "la": "Ostiorum autem et eorum antepagmentorum in aedibus hae sunt rationes, uti primum constituantur, quo genere sint futurae", + "en": "The following are the rules for doorways to temples and their architraves. First we must determine of what style they are to be." + }, + { + "id": 21399, + "la": "Genera sunt enim thyromaton haec: doricum, ionicum, atticurges", + "en": "For the styles of doorways are these: Doric, Ionic, Attic." + }, + { + "id": 21400, + "la": "Horum symmetriae conspiciuntur his rationibus, uti corona summa, quae supra antepagmentum superius inponetur, aeque librata sit capitulis summis columnarum quae in pronao fuerint", + "en": "Of these (as concerns the Doric) the proportions are found to be of the following character. The top of the cornice which is put above the upper architrave, is made level with the tops of the capitals of the columns which are in the pronaos." + }, + { + "id": 21401, + "la": "Lumen autem hypaethri constituatur sic, uti quae altitudo aedis a pavimento ad lacunaria fuerit, dividatur in partes tres semis et ex eis duae partes lumini valvarum altitudine constituantur", + "en": "The opening of the doorway is to be so determined that the height of the temple from the pavement to the panels of the ceiling is to be divided into parts, and of these 2 in height are to be fixed for the opening of the folding doors." + }, + { + "id": 21402, + "la": "Haec autem dividatur in partes xii et ex eis quinque et dimidia latitudo luminis fiat in imo", + "en": "Let this in turn be divided into 12 parts and of these let 5 be the breadth of the opening at the bottom." + }, + { + "id": 21403, + "la": "Et in summo contrahatur, si erit lumen ab imo ad sedecim pedis, antepagmenti iii parte; xvi pedum ad xxv, superior pars luminis contrahatur antepagmenti parte iiii; si ab pedibus xxv ad xxx, summa pars contrahatur antepagmenti parte viii", + "en": "Let it be diminished at the top a third of the width of the architrave, if the opening be not more than 16 feet high; if from 16 to 25 feet, let the upper part of the opening be contracted 1/4 of the architrave; from 25 to 30 feet, 1/8 of the architraves." + }, + { + "id": 21404, + "la": "Reliqua, quo altiora erunt, ad perpendiculum videntur oportere conlocari", + "en": "Higher openings should have perpendicular sides." + }, + { + "id": 21405, + "la": "Ipsa autem antepagmenta contrahantur in summo suae crassitudinis xiiii parte", + "en": "The architraves2 themselves are to be contracted 1/14 part of their width at the top." + }, + { + "id": 21406, + "la": "Supercilii crassitudo, quanta antepagmentorum in summa parte erit crassitudo", + "en": "The height of the lintel is to be the same as that of the architraves at the top." + }, + { + "id": 21407, + "la": "Cymatium faciundum est antepagmenti parte sexta; proiectura autem, quanta est eius crassitudo", + "en": "The cymatium should be made one sixth of the architrave, projecting the amount of its thickness." + }, + { + "id": 21408, + "la": "Sculpendum est cymatium lesbium cum astragalo", + "en": "It is to be carved in the Lesbian form with an astragal." + }, + { + "id": 21409, + "la": "Supra cymatium quod erit in supercilio, conlocandum est hyperthyrum crassitudine supercilii, et in eo scalpendum est cymatium doricum, astragalum lesbium sima scalptura", + "en": "Above the cymatium of the lintel, the frieze is to be placed as deep as the lintel; and on it is to be carved a Doric cymatium and a Lesbian astragal in low relief." + }, + { + "id": 21410, + "la": "Corona plana cum cymatio; proiectura autem eius erit quanta altitudo", + "en": "Over this the cornice is to be carved without ornament and with a cymatium; its projection is to be as much as its height." + }, + { + "id": 21411, + "la": "Supercilii, quod supra antepagmenta inponitur, dextra atque sinistra proiecturae sic sunt faciundae, uti crepidines excurrant et in ungue ipso cymatio coniungantur", + "en": "To the right and left of the lintel, which is placed above the jambs, projections are to be made so that the bases run out, and are exactly joined to the cymatium with a mitre." + }, + { + "id": 21412, + "la": "Sin autem ionico genere futura erunt, lumen altum ad eundem modum quemadmodum in doricis fieri videtur", + "en": "If the doorways are to be of the Ionic style, the opening must be of a height determined as in the Doric style." + }, + { + "id": 21413, + "la": "Latitudo constituatur, ut altitudo dividatur in partes duas et dimidiam, eiusque partis unius ima luminis fiat latitudo", + "en": "Let the breadth be determined, so that the height is divided into 2 parts, and let the breadth of the opening at the bottom be one part." + }, + { + "id": 21414, + "la": "Contracturae ita uti in doricis", + "en": "The contractions are to be as in the Doric." + }, + { + "id": 21415, + "la": "Crassitudo antepagmentorum altitudine luminis in fronte xiiii parte, cymatium huius crassitudinis sexta", + "en": "The width of the architrave is to be 1/14 of the height of the opening in front; the cymatium is to be 1/6 of the width of the architrave." + }, + { + "id": 21416, + "la": "Reliqua pars praeter cymatium dividitur in partes xii", + "en": "The remainder, excluding the cymatium, is divided into 12 parts." + }, + { + "id": 21417, + "la": "Harum trium prima corsa fiat cum astragalo, secunda quattuor, tertia quinque, et eae aeque corsae cum astragalis circumcurrant", + "en": "The first fascia with the astragal is to be three parts of these; the second, of four parts; the third, of five parts. The fasciae with the astragal are to run evenly round the architrave." + }, + { + "id": 21418, + "la": "Hyperthyra autem ad eundem modum componantur quemadmodum in doricis pro ratis pedibus", + "en": "The tops of the doorways are as in the Doric style, with the proportionate dimensions." + }, + { + "id": 21419, + "la": "Ancones, sive parotides vocantur, excalpta dextra ac sinistra praependeant ad imi supercilii libramentum, praeter folium", + "en": "Brackets (or, as they are called, parotides1) are to be carved right and left and to hang over to the level of the bottom of the lintel, with the leaf below that level." + }, + { + "id": 21420, + "la": "Eae habeant in fronte crassitudinem antepagmenti tribus partibus, in imo quarta parte graciliore quam superiora", + "en": "Their width on the face is two thirds of the architrave, being one fourth more slender at the bottom than the upper parts." + }, + { + "id": 21421, + "la": "Fores ita compingantur, uti scapi cardinales sint ex latitudine luminis totius xii parte", + "en": "The doors are to be so put together that the hinge stiles1 are 1/12 of the breadth of the whole opening." + }, + { + "id": 21422, + "la": "Inter duos scapos tympana ex xii partibus habeant ternas partes", + "en": "The panels between the two stiles are to have 3 parts out of 12 in width." + }, + { + "id": 21423, + "la": "Inpagibus distributiones ita fient, uti divisis altitudinibus in partes v duae superiori, tres inferiori designentur", + "en": "For the rails, the distribution shall be such that, taking the height to be of 5 parts, two are assigned to the upper portion, 3 to the lower portion." + }, + { + "id": 21424, + "la": "Super medium medii inpages conlocentur, ex reliquis alii in summo, alii in imo compingantur", + "en": "Let the middle rails be placed above the centre; of the others one set are at the top of the doors, the others at the bottom." + }, + { + "id": 21425, + "la": "Altitudo inpagis fiat tympani tertia parte, cymatium sexta parte inpagis", + "en": "The width of the rail is to be one third of the panel; the cymatium 1/6 of the rail." + }, + { + "id": 21426, + "la": "Scaporum latitudines inpagis dimidia parte, item replum de inpage dimidia et sexta parte", + "en": "The breadth of the inner stiles is to be half the rail, and the cover-moulding /3 of the rail." + }, + { + "id": 21427, + "la": "Scapi, qui sunt secundum antepagmentum, dimidium inpagis constituantur", + "en": "The stiles against the architrave are made one half the rail." + }, + { + "id": 21428, + "la": "Sin autem valvatae erunt, altitudines ita manebunt, in latitudinem adiciatur amplius foris latitudo", + "en": "If the doors are folding, the heights remain the same; but let the breadth of the opening be increased." + }, + { + "id": 21429, + "la": "Si quadriforis futura est, altitudo adiciatur", + "en": "If the doors are fourfold, let the height be increased." + }, + { + "id": 21430, + "la": "Atticurge autem isdem rationibus perficiuntur, quibus dorica", + "en": "Attic doors are made of the same proportions as the Doric," + }, + { + "id": 21431, + "la": "Praeterea corsae sub cymatiis in antepagmentis circumdantur, quae ita distribui debent, uti antepagmenti praeter cymatium ex partibus vii habeant duas partes", + "en": "the fasciae, however, are carried round under the cymatia in the architraves, and ought to be so arranged that of the architrave, exclusive of the cymatium, they have 2 parts out of 7." + }, + { + "id": 21432, + "la": "Ipsaque non fiunt clathrata neque bifora sed valvata, et aperturas habent in exteriores partes", + "en": "They are to be without lattice-work and are not to have hinges folding inwards, but to fold outwards on sockets." + }, + { + "id": 21433, + "la": "Quas rationes aedium sacrarum in formationibus oporteat fieri , ionicis corinthiisque operibus, quoad potui attingere, veluti legitimis moribus exposui", + "en": "As far as I could attain, I have set forth, as on approved lines, the methods which ought to be followed in planning temples of the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian orders." + }, + { + "id": 21434, + "la": "Nunc de tuscanicis dispositionibus, quemadmodum institui oporteat, dicam", + "en": "Now I will speak of the Tuscan style and the method to be employed therein." + }, + { + "id": 21435, + "la": "Locus, in quo aedis constituetur, cum habuerit in longitudine sex partes, una adempta reliquum quod erit, latitudini detur", + "en": "Let the site on which the temple is to be built be six parts in length; five parts are to be assigned to the breadth." + }, + { + "id": 21436, + "la": "Longitudo autem dividatur bipertito, et quae pars erit interior, cellarum spatiis designetur, quae erit proxima fronti, columnarum dispositione relinquatur", + "en": "Now the length is to be divided in two. The interior half is to be marked out by the dimensions of the sanctuary; the part on the front is to be left for the portico with its columns." + }, + { + "id": 21437, + "la": "Item latitudo dividatur in partes x", + "en": "Further, let the width be divided into 10 parts." + }, + { + "id": 21438, + "la": "Ex his ternae partes dextra ac sinistra cellis minoribus, sive ibi alae futurae sunt, dentur; reliquae quattuor mediae aedi attribuantur", + "en": "Of these let three parts each on the right and left be given to the lesser sanctuaries, or alternately to the wings; the remaining four parts are to be given to the central shrine." + }, + { + "id": 21439, + "la": "Spatium, quod erit ante cellas in pronao, ita columnis designetur, ut angulares contra antas, parietum extremorum regione, conlocentur; duae mediae e regione parietum, qui inter antas et mediam aedem fuerint, ita distribuantur; et inter antas et columnas priores per medium isdem regionibus alterae disponantur", + "en": "Let the space which is before the sanctuaries in the forecourt be planned for the columns, in such a way that the corner columns are put opposite the pilasters, in line with the ends of the walls. The two middle columns are to be in line with the walls which are between the wings and the middle shrine. Between the pilasters and the columns in front, additional columns are to be put half way in line with them." + }, + { + "id": 21440, + "la": "Eaeque sint ima crassitudine altitudinis parte vii; altitudo tertia parte latitudinis templi; summaque columna quarta parte crassitudinis imae contrahatur", + "en": "At the bottom these are to have a diameter 1/7 of the height. (The height is to be one third of the width of the temple.) The top of the column is to be diminished 1/4 of the diameter at the bottom." + }, + { + "id": 21441, + "la": "Spirae earum altae dimidia parte crassitudinis fiant", + "en": "The bases are to be made half a diameter high." + }, + { + "id": 21442, + "la": "Habeant spirae earum plinthum ad circinum, altam suae crassitudinis dimidia parte, torum insuper cum apophysi crassum quantum plinthus", + "en": "Let the bases have their plinths circular and half the height of the base, with a torus1 and apophysis2 as deep as the plinth." + }, + { + "id": 21443, + "la": "Capituli altitudo dimidia crassitudinis", + "en": "The height of the capital is to be half a diameter." + }, + { + "id": 21444, + "la": "Abaci latitudo quanta ima crassitudo columnae", + "en": "The width of the abacus is as great as the diameter of the column at the base." + }, + { + "id": 21445, + "la": "Capitulique crassitudo dividatur in partes tres, e quibus una plintho, quae est in abaco, detur, altera echino, tertia hypotrachelio cum apophysi", + "en": "The height of the capital is to be divided into three parts, of which one is to be given to the plinth or abacus, one to the echinus or ovolo, the third to the hypotrachelium3 with the apophysis." + }, + { + "id": 21446, + "la": "Supra columnas trabes compactiles inponantur ut altitudinis modulis is, qua magnitudine operis postulabuntur", + "en": "Above the columns, beams are to be placed bolted together, of such proportionate depth as shall be demanded by the magnitude of the work." + }, + { + "id": 21447, + "la": "Eaeque trabes conpactiles ponantur ut eam habeant crassitudinem, quanta summae columnae erit hypotrachelium, et ita sint conpactae subscudibus et securiclis, ut conpactura duorum digitorum habeant laxationem", + "en": "And these coupled beams are to have a thickness equal to the hypotrachelium at the top of the column, and they are to be so coupled with dowels and mortices that the coupling allows an interval of two inches between the joists." + }, + { + "id": 21448, + "la": "Cum enim inter se tangunt et non spiramentum et perflatum venti recipiunt, concalefaciuntur et celeriter putrescunt", + "en": "For when they touch one another and do not admit a breathing space and passage of air, they are heated and quickly decay." + }, + { + "id": 21449, + "la": "Supra trabes et supra parietes traiecturae mutulorum parte iiii altitudinis columnae proiciantur; item in eorum frontibus antepagmenta figantur", + "en": "Above the beams and walls the mutules are to project 1/4 of the height of the column. On the front of these, casings (antepagmenta) are to be fixed" + }, + { + "id": 21450, + "la": "Supraque id tympanum fastigii structura seu de materia conlocetur", + "en": "and above them the tympanum of the gable either of stone or wood." + }, + { + "id": 21451, + "la": "Supraque eum fastigium, columen, cantherii, templa ita sunt conlocanda, ut stillicidium tecti absoluti tertiario respondeat", + "en": "Above this the ridge-piece, rafters, and purlins, are to be so placed that the pitch of the roof is one in three" + }, + { + "id": 21452, + "la": "Fiunt autem aedes rutundae, e quibus aliae monopteroe sine cella columnatae constituuntur, aliae peripteroe dicuntur", + "en": "Circular temples are also built, of which some are monopteral built with columns but not enclosing a cella; others are peripteral." + }, + { + "id": 21453, + "la": "Quae sine cella fiunt, tribunal habent et ascensum ex sua diametro tertiae partis", + "en": "Those which are without a cell have a raised floor4 and a flight of steps one third of the diameter in height." + }, + { + "id": 21454, + "la": "Insuper stylobata columnae constituuntur tam altae, quanta ab extremis parietibus est diametros stylobatarum, crassae altitudinis suae cum capitulis et spiris decumae partis", + "en": "Above the pedestal (stylobate) the columns are put of such a height as is the diameter of the pedestals from side to side; the diameter is to be 1/10 of the height including the capitals and bases." + }, + { + "id": 21455, + "la": "Epistylium altum columnae crassitudinis dimidia parte", + "en": "The architrave is to be half a diameter high." + }, + { + "id": 21456, + "la": "Zophorum et reliqua, quae insuper inponuntur, ita uti in iii volumine de symmetriis scripsi", + "en": "The frieze and the other members which are placed above are to follow the proportions given in the third book." + }, + { + "id": 21457, + "la": "Sin autem peripteros ea aedes constituetur, duo gradus et stylobata ab imo constituantur", + "en": "But if the temple is peripteral, two steps and the stylobate are to be built from the foundation;" + }, + { + "id": 21458, + "la": "Deinde cellae paries conlocetur cum recessu eius a stylobata circa partem latitudinis quintam, medioque valvarum locus ad aditus relinquatur2; eaque cella tantam habeat diametrum praeter parietes et circumitionem, quantam altitudinem columna", + "en": "then the wall of the cella is to be built set back from the edge of the stylobate about 1/5 of the width. In the middle is to be left an opening with folding-doors for the approach. The cella within the walls and colonnade, is to have a diameter equal to the height of the column." + }, + { + "id": 21459, + "la": "Supra stylobata columnae circum cellam isdem symmetriisque disponantur", + "en": "On the stylobate, let columns be disposed round the cella and of the same proportions." + }, + { + "id": 21460, + "la": "In medio tecti ratio ita habeatur, uti, quanta diametros totius operis erit futura, dimidia altitudo fiat tholi praeter florem; flos autem tantam habet magnitudinem, quantam habuerit columnae capitulum, praeter pyramidem", + "en": "In the middle let the proportions of the roof be such that the height of the dome, apart from the terminal, is half the diameter of the whole work. Let the terminal have the magnitude of the capital of the column in addition to the pyramid (on which the flower1 rests)." + }, + { + "id": 21461, + "la": "Reliqua, uti supra scripta sunt ea, proportionibus atque symmetriis facienda videntur", + "en": "The other parts are to be constructed of the proportions and symmetries as is above described." + }, + { + "id": 21462, + "la": "Item generibus aliis constituuntur aedes ex isdem symmetriis ordinatae et alio genere dispositiones habentes, uti est Castoris in circo Flaminio et inter duos lucos Veiovis, item argutius Nemori Dianae columnis adiectis dextra ac sinistra ad umeros pronai", + "en": "Further, temples of other orders are laid out and built with the same symmetries, yet having the arrangements of another order than the Tuscan: such as the temple of Castor2 in the Circus Flaminius, of Veiovis3 between the Two Groves, and with more subtle proportions the temple of Diana Nemorensis with columns added right and left on the sides of the pronaos." + }, + { + "id": 21463, + "la": "Hoc autem genere primo facta est, uti est Castoris in circo, Athenis in arce et in Attica Sunio Palladis Minervae", + "en": "The first temples built in the manner of that of Castor in the Circus, were those of Pallas (Minerva) in the Acropolis1 at Athens, and at Sunium in Attica," + }, + { + "id": 21464, + "la": "Earum non aliae sed eaedem sunt proportiones", + "en": "of the same and not different proportions." + }, + { + "id": 21465, + "la": "Cellae enim longitudinibus duplices sunt ad latitudines uti reliquae; ex is omnia quae solent esse in frontibus, ad latera sunt translata", + "en": "For like the others, the cells are double in length compared to the breadth. In these temples also, all the features which are customary on the front are transferred to the flanks." + }, + { + "id": 21466, + "la": "Nonnulli etiam de tuscanicis generibus sumentes columnarum dispositiones transferunt in corinthiorum et ionicorum operum ordinationes, et quibus in locis in pronao procurrunt antae, in isdem e regione cellae parietum columnas binas conlocantes efficiunt tuscanicorum et graecorum operum communem ratiocinationem", + "en": "For some taking the arrangements of the columns from the Tuscan style, transfer them to the design of Corinthian and Ionic buildings. And where the pilasters run forward in the forecourt, they place two columns in line with the walls of the cella and produce a system common to Tuscan and Greek forms of building." + }, + { + "id": 21467, + "la": "Alii vero removentes parietes aedis et adplicantes ad intercolumnia pteromatos, spatii sublati efficiunt amplum laxamentum cellae; reliqua autem proportionibus et symmetriis isdem conservantes aliud genus figurae nominisque videtur pseudoperipterum procreavisse", + "en": "Others again, removing the walls of the shrine and putting them in the intercolumniations of the colonnade,2 produce a large extension of the cella by the space thus gained; keeping the other parts, however, of the same proportions and symmetries, they seem to have created another kind of plan and of name, the pseudoperipteral." + }, + { + "id": 21468, + "la": "Haec autem genera propter usum sacrificiorum convertuntur", + "en": "The styles of building vary to suit the needs of sacrifice." + }, + { + "id": 21469, + "la": "Non enim omnibus diis isdem rationibus aedes sunt faciundae, quod alius alia varietate sacrorum religionum habet effectus", + "en": "For temples are not to be built to all the gods in the same styles. For the several gods by the variety of their worship give rise to different religious effects." + }, + { + "id": 21470, + "la": "Omnes aedium sacrarum ratiocinationes, uti mihi traditae sunt, exposui ordinesque et symmetrias eorum partitionibus distinxi, et quorum dispares sunt figurae et quibus discriminibus inter se sunt disparatae, quoad potui significare scriptis, exposui", + "en": "I have set forth all the plans of temples as they have been taught me, and have distinguished in detail their orders and symmetries, the difference of their forms and the details by which they are distinguished from one another, as far as I could indicate by writing." + }, + { + "id": 21471, + "la": "Nunc de areis deorum inmortalium, uti aptam constitutionem habeant ad sacrificiorum rationem, dicam", + "en": "Now I will speak of the precincts of the immortal gods so that they may have an arrangement suitable for the purposes of sacrifice." + }, + { + "id": 21472, + "la": "Arae spectent ad orientem et semper inferiores sint conlocatae quam simulacra quae fuerint in aede, uti suspicientes divinitatem, qui supplicant, et sacrificant, disparibus altitudinibus ad sui cuiusque dei decorem componantur", + "en": "Let the altars look to the east1 and be always placed lower than the images which shall be in the temple; so that those who pray and sacrifice may look up to the divinity from various levels as becomes each mans god." + }, + { + "id": 21473, + "la": "Altitudines autem earum sic sunt explicandae, uti Iovi omnibusque caelestibus quam excelsissimae constituantur, Vestae Terrae Marique humiles conlocentur", + "en": "The levels of the altars to Jupiter and the host of heaven are so to be contrived that they may be placed as high as possible; to Vesta, Earth and Sea2 they are to be made low." + }, + { + "id": 21474, + "la": "Ita idoneae his institutionibus explicabuntur in meditationibus arearum deformationes", + "en": "By these methods the planning of the precincts will be suitable in practice." + }, + { + "id": 21475, + "la": "Explicatis aedium sacrarum compositionibus in hoc libro, insequenti de communium operum reddemus distributionibus explicationes", + "en": "In this book the planning of temples has been explained. In the next book we shall give explanations about the arrangement of public buildings" + }, + { + "id": 21476, + "la": "sic enim expeditius ea recipere poterunt mentes", + "en": "For thus the mind will be able to receive them more conveniently." + }, + { + "id": 21477, + "la": "Non minus cum animadvertissem distentam occupationibus civitatem publicis et privatis negotiis, paucis iudicavi scribendum, uti angusto spatio vacuitatis ea legentes breviter percipere possent", + "en": "None the less, perceiving the state to be overstrained by public and private business, I decided that I must write briefly so that the reader might understand in his scanty leisure." + }, + { + "id": 21478, + "la": "Etiamque Pythagorae quique eius haeresim fuerunt secuti, placuit cybicis rationibus praecepta in voluminibus scribere, constitueruntque cybum ccxvi versus eosque non plus tres in una conscriptione oportere esse putaverunt", + "en": "Pythagoras also, and those who followed his sect, decided to write their rules, cube fashion, in their volumes, and fixed upon a cube'216 lines1'and they thought that not more than three cubes should be in one treatise." + }, + { + "id": 21479, + "la": "Cybus autem est corpus ex lateribus aequali latitudine planitiarum perquadratus", + "en": "Now a cube is a body with all its sides squared and their surfaces equal." + }, + { + "id": 21480, + "la": "Is cum est iactus, quam in partem incubuit, dum est intactus, inmotam habet stabilitatem, uti sunt etiam tesserae quas in alveo ludentes iaciunt", + "en": "When a cube is thrown, on whatever part it rests, it retains its stability unmoved so long as it is untouched, like the dice which players throw in a tray." + }, + { + "id": 21481, + "la": "Hanc autem similitudinem ex eo sumpsisse videntur, quod is numerus versuum, uti cybus, in quemcumque sensum insederit, inmotam efficiat ibi memoriae stabilitatem", + "en": "Now this analogy they seem to have taken from the fact that this number of verses, like a cube upon whatever sense it falls, makes the memory there stable and unmoved." + }, + { + "id": 21482, + "la": "Graeci quoque poetae comici interponentes e choro canticum diviserunt spatia fabularum", + "en": "Greek comic poets also, interposing the canticum3 sung by the chorus, divided the spaces of their plays." + }, + { + "id": 21483, + "la": "Ita partes cybica ratione facientes intercapedinibus levant auctorum pronuntiationis", + "en": "Thus making the parts cube fashion, they relieve by intervals the delivery of the authors words." + }, + { + "id": 21484, + "la": "Cum ergo haec naturali modo sint a maioribus observata animoque advertam inusitatas et obscuras multis res esse mihi scribendas, quo facilius ad sensus legentium pervenire possint, brevibus voluminibus iudicavi scribere; ita enim expedita erunt ad intellegendum", + "en": "Since then, these things have been observed by our forefathers in the order of nature, and I find that I must deal with topics unfamiliar and obscure to the many, I decided to write in short compass, that they might more easily reach the perception of the reader. For so they will be convenient for understanding." + }, + { + "id": 21485, + "la": "Eorumque ordinationes institui, uti non sint quaerentibus separatim colligenda, sed e corpore uno et in singulis voluminibus generum haberent explicationes", + "en": "And I fixed their arrangement so that the inquirer1 has not to collect them, one by one, but that from one corpus and in the several books they might get the explanations of the several subjects." + }, + { + "id": 21486, + "la": "Itaque, Caesar, tertio et quarto volumine aedium sacrarum rationes exposui, hoc libro publicorum locorum expediam dispositiones", + "en": "And so, Caesar, in the third and fourth volume, I explained the plans of temples; in this book I will set forth the arrangements of public places." + }, + { + "id": 21487, + "la": "Primumque forum uti oporteat constitui dicam, quod in eo et publicarum et privatarum rerum rationes per magistratus gubernantur", + "en": "And first I will say how the forum should be planned, because in it business, both of a public and private nature, is controlled by the magistrates." + }, + { + "id": 21488, + "la": "Graeci in quadrato amplissimis et duplicibus porticibus fora constituunt crebrisque columnis et lapideis aut marmoreis epistyliis adornant et supra ambulationes in contignationibus faciunt", + "en": "The Greeks plan the forum on the square2 with most ample double3 colonnades and close-set columns; they ornament them with stone or marble architraves, and above they make promenades on the boarded floors." + }, + { + "id": 21489, + "la": "Italiae vero urbibus non eadem est ratione faciendum, ideo quod a maioribus consuetudo tradita est gladiatoria munera in foro dari", + "en": "But in the cities of Italy we must not proceed on the same plan, because the custom of giving gladiatorial shows in the forum has been handed down from our ancestors." + }, + { + "id": 21490, + "la": "Igitur circum spectacula spatiosiora intercolumnia distribuantur circaque in porticibus argentariae tabernae maenianaque superioribus coaxationibus conlocentur; quae et ad usum et ad vectigalia publica recta erunt disposita", + "en": "For that reason more roomy intercolumniations are to be used round the spectacle; in the colonnades, silversmiths shops5; and balconies, rightly placed for convenience and for public revenue, are to be placed on the upper floors." + }, + { + "id": 21491, + "la": "Magnitudines autem ad copiam hominum oportet fieri, ne parvum spatium sit ad usum aut ne propter inopiam populi vastum forum videatur", + "en": "The dimensions of the forum ought to be adjusted to the audience lest the space be cramped for use, or else, owing to a scanty attendance, the forum should seem too large." + }, + { + "id": 21492, + "la": "Latitudo autem ita finiatur uti, longitudo in tres partes cum divisa fuerit, ex his duae partes ei dentur; ita enim erit oblonga eius formatio et ad spectaculorum rationem utilis dispositio", + "en": "Now let the breadth be so determined that when the length is divided into three parts, two are assigned to the breadth. For so the plan will be oblong, and the arrangement will be adapted to the purpose of the spectacles." + }, + { + "id": 21493, + "la": "Columnae superiores quarta parte minores quam inferiores sunt constituendae, propterea quod oneri ferendo quae sunt inferiora firmiora debent esse quam superiora", + "en": "The upper columns are to be a quarter less than the lower ones; because the lower columns ought to be stronger for bearing weight than the upper ones." + }, + { + "id": 21494, + "la": "Non minus quod etiam nascentium oportet imitari naturam, ut in arboribus teretibus, abiete, cupresso, pinu, e quibus nulla non crassior est ab radicibus, dein decrescendo proceditur in altitudinem naturali contractura peraequata nascens ad cacumen", + "en": "Not less one ought also to imitate the natural growth of trees, as in tapering trees, the fir, the cypress, the pine, of which everyone is thicker at the roots. Then diminishing it rises on high, by a natural contraction growing evenly to the summit." + }, + { + "id": 21495, + "la": "Ergo si natura nascentium ita postulat, recte est constitutum et altitudinibus et crassitudinibus superiora inferiorum fieri contractiora", + "en": "Therefore since the nature of growing plants so demands, things are rightly arranged both in height and thickness, if the higher are more contracted than the lower." + }, + { + "id": 21496, + "la": "Basilicarum loca adiuncta foris quam calidissimis partibus oportet constitui, ut per hiemem sine molestia tempestatium se conferre in eas negotiatores possint", + "en": "The sites of basilicas1 ought to be fixed adjoining the fora in as warm a quarter as possible, so that in the winter, business men may meet there without being troubled by the weather." + }, + { + "id": 21497, + "la": "Earumque latitudines ne minus quam ex tertia, ne plus ex dimidia longitudinis constituantur, nisi si loci natura inpedierit et aliter coegerit symmetriam commutari", + "en": "And their breadth should be fixed at not less than a third, nor more than half their length, unless the nature of the site is awkward and forces the proportions to be changed." + }, + { + "id": 21498, + "la": "Sin autem locus erit amplior in longitudine, chalcidica in extremis constituantur, uti sunt in Iulia Aquiliana", + "en": "When the site is longer than necessary, the committee rooms are to be placed at the end of the basilica, as they are in the Basilica Julia at Aquileia." + }, + { + "id": 21499, + "la": "Columnae basilicarum tam altae, quam porticus latae fuerint, faciendae videntur; porticus, quam medium spatium futurum est, ex tertia finiatur", + "en": "The columns of basilicas are to be of a height equal to the width of the aisle. The aisle is to have a width one third of the nave." + }, + { + "id": 21500, + "la": "Columnae superiores minores quam inferiores, uti supra scriptum est, constituantur", + "en": "The columns of the upper story are to be less than those below as herein above specified." + }, + { + "id": 21501, + "la": "Pluteum, quod fuerit inter superiores et inferiores columnas, item quarta parte minus, quam superiores columnae fuerint, oportere fieri videtur, uti supra basilicae contignationem ambulantes ab negotiatoribus ne conspiciantur", + "en": "The parapet between the upper and lower columns ought to be one fourth less than the upper columns, so that people walking on the first floor may not be seen by persons engaged in business." + }, + { + "id": 21502, + "la": "Epistylia zophora coronae ex symmetriis columnarum, uti in tertio libro diximus, explicentur", + "en": "The architraves, friezes and cornices are to be designed in accordance with the columns, as we have prescribed in the third book." + }, + { + "id": 21503, + "la": "Non minus summam dignitatem et venustatem possunt habere conparationes basilicarum, quo genere Coloniae Iuliae Fanestri conlocavi curavique faciendam, cuius proportiones et symmetriae sic sunt constitutae", + "en": "At the Julian Colony of Fano,1 I let out for contract and superintended the building of a basilica not inferior to these in dignity and grace. Its proportions and harmonies are as follows:" + }, + { + "id": 21504, + "la": "Mediana testudo inter columnas est longa pedes cxx, lata pedes lx", + "en": "There is a vaulted nave between the columns 120 feet long and 60 broad." + }, + { + "id": 21505, + "la": "Porticus eius circa testudinem inter parietes et columnas lata pedes xx", + "en": "The aisle between the columns of the nave and the outside wall, is 20 feet wide." + }, + { + "id": 21506, + "la": "Columnae altitudinibus perpetuis cum capitulis pedes l, crassitudinibus quinum, habentes post se parastaticas altas pedes xx, latas pedes ii s, crassas i s, quae sustinent trabes, in quibus invehuntur porticuum contignationes", + "en": "The columns are of an unbroken height, including the capitals, of 50 feet with a diameter of 5 feet. Behind them adjoining the aisle are pilasters 20 feet high, 2 feet wide and 1 feet thick. These carry the beams under the flooring." + }, + { + "id": 21507, + "la": "Supraque eas aliae parastaticae pedum xviii, latae binum, crassae pedem, quae excipiunt item trabes sustinentes cantherium et porticum, quae sunt summissa infra testudinem, tecta", + "en": "Above, there are pilasters 18 feet high, 2 feet wide and 1 foot thick, which take the beams which carry the principals of the main roof, and the roofs of the aisles which are lower than the vaulting of the nave." + }, + { + "id": 21508, + "la": "Reliqua spatia inter parastaticarum et columnarum trabes per intercolumnia luminibus sunt relicta", + "en": "The space which remains in the intercolumniations, above the pilasters and below the tops of the columns, admits the necessary lighting." + }, + { + "id": 21509, + "la": "Columnae sunt in latitudine testudinis cum angularibus dextra ac sinistra quaternae, in longitudine, quae est foro proxima, cum isdem angularibus octo, ex altera parte cum angularibus vi, ideo quod mediae duae in ea parte non sunt positae, ne inpediant aspectus pronai aedis Augusti, quae est in medio latere parietis basilicae conlocata spectans medium forum et aedem Iovis", + "en": "In the width of the nave counting the angle columns right and left, there are four columns at each end. On the side adjoining the forum, there are eight, including the angle columns. On the other side there are six, including the angle columns. The two columns in the middle are omitted, so as not to obstruct the view of the pronaos of the Temple of Augustus which is situated in the middle of the side wall of the basilica and faces the middle of the forum and the Temple of Jupiter." + }, + { + "id": 21510, + "la": "Item tribunal quod est in ea aede, hemicycli schematis minoris curvatura formatum; eius autem hemicycli in fronte est intervallum pedes xlvi, introrsus curvatura pedes xv, uti, qui apud magistratus starent, negotiantes in basilica ne inpedirent", + "en": "The tribunal which is in the former temple, is in the shape of the segment of a circle. The width of the segment in front is 46 feet; its depth is 15 feet; so that those who come before the magistrates may not interfere with persons on business in the basilica." + }, + { + "id": 21511, + "la": "Supra columnas ex tribus tignis bipedalibus conpactis trabes sunt circa conlocatae, eaeque ab tertiis columnis quae sunt in interiore parte, revertuntur ad antas quae a pronao procurrunt, dextraque et sinistra hemicyclium tangunt", + "en": "Above the columns are beams made of three 2 foot joists bolted together. These return from the third column on either side of the opening to the antae of the pronaos, and adjoin the curve of the tribunal right and left." + }, + { + "id": 21512, + "la": "Supra trabes contra capitula ex fulmentis dispositae pilae sunt conlocatae, altae pedes iii, latae quoqueversus quaternos", + "en": "Above the beams vertically over the capitals, piers are placed on supports, 3 feet high and 4 feet square." + }, + { + "id": 21513, + "la": "Supra eas ex duobus tignis bipedalibus trabes everganeae circa sunt conlocatae", + "en": "Above them, beams formed of two 2 foot joists, carefully wrought, are carried round the basilica." + }, + { + "id": 21514, + "la": "Quibus insuper transtra cum capreolis columnarum contra corpora et antas et parietes pronai conlocata sustinent unum culmen perpetuae basilicae, alterum a medio supra pronaum aedis", + "en": "Thereon over against the shafts of the columns, and the antae and walls of the pronaos, cross-beams and struts support the whole ridge of the basilica, and a second ridge running out from the middle of the main ridge, over the pronaos of the temple." + }, + { + "id": 21515, + "la": "Ita fastigiorum duplex tecti nata dispositio extrinsecus tecti et interioris altae testudinis praestat speciem venustam", + "en": "Thus there arises from the roof a double arrangement of gables. This gives a pleasing effect both to the exterior of the roof and to the high vaulting within." + }, + { + "id": 21516, + "la": "Item sublata epistyliorum ornamenta et pluteorum columnarumque superiorum distributio operosam detrahit molestiam sumptusque inminuit ex magna parte summam", + "en": "Further, we dispense with the ornaments of the entablatures and the provision of the upper columns and parapets. We are relieved from laborious details and escape a large expenditure," + }, + { + "id": 21517, + "la": "Ipsae vero columnae in altitudine perpetua sub trabe testudinis perductae et magnificentiam inpensae et auctoritatem operi adaugere videntur", + "en": "while the carrying up of the columns without a break to the beams of the vault1 seems to give a sumptuous magnificence and impressiveness to the work." + }, + { + "id": 21518, + "la": "Aerarium, carcer, curia foro sunt coniungenda, sed ita uti magnitudo symmetriae eorum foro respondeant", + "en": "The treasury, prison, senate-house are to adjoin the forum but in such a way that their scale and proportion answers to that of the forum." + }, + { + "id": 21519, + "la": "Maxime quidem curia in primis est facienda ad dignitatem municipii sive civitatis", + "en": "In the first place especially the senate-house is to be built with a view to the dignity of the municipality or city." + }, + { + "id": 21520, + "la": "Et si quadrata erit, quantum habuerit latitudinis dimidia addita constituatur altitudo; sin autem oblonga fuerit, longitudo et latitudo componatur, et summae compositae eius dimidia pars sub lacunaris altitudini detur", + "en": "If it be square its height must be one and a half times its width; but if it be oblong, let the length and breadth be added together and let half of the total amount be given to the height under the ceiling." + }, + { + "id": 21521, + "la": "Praeterea praecingendi sunt parietes medii coronis ex intestino opere aut albario ad dimidiam partem altitudinis", + "en": "Moreover the interior walls are to be surrounded half way up with cornices of fine joiners work or plaster1 at half their height." + }, + { + "id": 21522, + "la": "Quae si non erunt, vox ibi disputantium elata in altitudinem intellectui non poterit esse audientibus", + "en": "If this is not done, the voice of the disputants rising upwards cannot be understood by the audience." + }, + { + "id": 21523, + "la": "Cum autem coronis praecincti parietes erunt, vox ab imis morata priusquam in aera elata dissipabitur, auribus erit intellecta", + "en": "When, however, the walls are girt with cornices, the voice, being delayed by the lowest parts before it rises into the air and is scattered, will be perceived by the ear." + }, + { + "id": 21524, + "la": "Cum forum constitutum fuerit, tum deorum inmortalium diebus festis ludorum expectationibus eligendus est locus theatro quam saluberrimus, uti in primo libro de salubritatibus in moenium conlocationibus est scriptum", + "en": "When the forum has been settled, a site as healthy as possible is to be chosen for the exhibition of plays on the festivals of the immortal gods, according to the instructions given in the first book for the healthy disposition of the city walls." + }, + { + "id": 21525, + "la": "Per ludos enim cum coniugibus et liberis persedentes delectationibus detinentur et corpora propter voluptatem inmota patentes habent venas, in quas insiduntur aurarum flatus, qui, si a regionibus palustribus aut aliis regionibus vitiosis advenient, nocentes spiritus corporibus infundent", + "en": "For at the play citizens with their wives and children remain seated in their enjoyment; their bodies motionless with pleasure have the pores opened. On these the breath of the wind falls, and if it comes from marshy districts or other infected quarters, it will pour harmful spirits into the system." + }, + { + "id": 21526, + "la": "Itaque si curiosius eligetur locus theatro, vitabuntur vitia", + "en": "If therefore special care is taken in choosing a site, infection will be avoided." + }, + { + "id": 21527, + "la": "Etiamque providendum est, nene impetus habeat a meridie", + "en": "Care also is to be taken, lest it be open to attacks from the south." + }, + { + "id": 21528, + "la": "Sol enim cum implet eius rutunditatem, aer conclusus curvatura neque habens potestatem vagandi versando confervescit et candens adurit excoquitque et inminuit e corporibus umores", + "en": "For when the sun fills the circuit of the theatre, the air being enclosed within the curved space and not having the opportunity of circulating, revolves and becomes heated; hence it blazes, burns up, draws out and reduces the moisture of the body." + }, + { + "id": 21529, + "la": "Ideo maxime vitandae sunt his rebus vitiosae regiones et eligendae salubres", + "en": "Thus sites which are faulty in these respects are especially to be avoided, and healthy sites chosen." + }, + { + "id": 21530, + "la": "Fundamentorum autem, si in montibus fuerit, facilior erit ratio; sed si necessitas coegerit in plano aut palustri loco ea constitui, solidationes substructionesque ita erunt faciendae, quemadmodum de fundationibus aedium sacrarum in tertio libro est scriptum", + "en": "If the theatre is2 on a hillside, the construction of the foundations will be easier. But if they have to be laid on level or marshy ground, piles and substructures must be used as we have written in the third book concerning the foundations of temples." + }, + { + "id": 21531, + "la": "Insuper fundamenta lapideis et marmoreis copiis gradationes ab substructione fieri debent", + "en": "Above the foundations, the stepped seats ought to be built up from the substructure in stone or marble." + }, + { + "id": 21532, + "la": "Praecinctiones ad altitudines theatrorum pro rata parte faciendae videntur, neque altiores quam quanta praecinctionis itineris sit latitudo", + "en": "The curved level gangways, it seems, should be made proportionately to the height of the theatre; and each of them not higher at the back, than is the breadth of the passage of the gangway." + }, + { + "id": 21533, + "la": "Si enim excelsiores fuerint, repellent et eicient in superiorem partem vocem nec patientur in sedibus suis, quae supra praecinctiones, verborum casus certa significatione ad aures pervenire", + "en": "For if they are taller, they will check and throw out the voice into the upper part of the theatre. Neither will they allow the endings of words to come with a clear significance to the ears of the people in their seats above the gangways." + }, + { + "id": 21534, + "la": "Et ad summam ita est gubernandum, uti, linea cum ad imum gradum et ad summum extenta fuerit, omnia cacumina graduum angulosque tangat; ita vox non inpedietur", + "en": "In brief the section of the theatre is to be so managed that if a line is drawn touching the lowest and the top rows, it shall also touch the front angles of all the rows. Thus the voice will not be checked." + }, + { + "id": 21535, + "la": "Aditus complures et spatiosos oportet disponere, nec coniunctos superiores inferioribus, sed ex omnibus locis perpetuos et directos sine inversuris faciendos, uti, cum populus dimittatur de spectaculis, ne comprimatur, sed habeat ex omnibus locis exitus separatos sine inpeditione", + "en": "Many and spacious stepped passages must be arranged between the seats; but the upper ones ought to be discontinuous with the lower. Everywhere, each passage (upper or lower) must be continuous and straight without bends; so that when the audience is dismissed from the spectacle, it may not be cramped, but may find everywhere separate and uninterrupted exits." + }, + { + "id": 21536, + "la": "Etiam diligenter est animadvertendum, ne sit locus surdus, sed ut in eo vox quam clarissime vagari possit", + "en": "Great care is also to be taken that the place chosen does not deaden the sound, but that the voice can range in it with the utmost clearness." + }, + { + "id": 21537, + "la": "Hoc vero fieri ita poterit, si locus electus fuerit, ubi non inpediantur resonantia", + "en": "And this can be brought about if a site is chosen where the passage of sound is not hindered." + }, + { + "id": 21538, + "la": "Vox autem ut spiritus fluens aeris, et actu sensibilis auditu", + "en": "Now the voice is like a flowing breath of air, and is actual1 when perceived by the sense of hearing." + }, + { + "id": 21539, + "la": "Ea movetur circulorum rutundationibus infinitis, uti si in stantem aquam lapide inmisso nascantur innumerabiles undarum circuli crescentes a centro, quam latissime possint, et vagantes, nisi angustia loci interpellaverit aut aliqua offensio, quae non patitur designationes earum undarum ad exitus pervenire", + "en": "It is moved along innumerable undulations of circles; as when2 we throw a stone into standing water. Innumerable circular undulations arise spreading from the centre as wide as possible. And they extend unless the limited space hinders, or some obstruction which does not allow the directions of the waves to reach the outlets." + }, + { + "id": 21540, + "la": "Itaque cum interpellentur offensionibus, primae redundantes insequentium disturbant designationes", + "en": "And so when they are interrupted by obstacles, the first waves flowing back disturb the directions of those which follow." + }, + { + "id": 21541, + "la": "Eadem ratione vox ita ad circinum efficit motiones; sed in aqua circuli planitiae in latitudine moventur, vox et in latitudine progreditur et altitudinem gradatim scandit", + "en": "In the same way the voice in like manner moves circle fashion. But while in water the circles move horizontally only, the voice both moves horizontally and rises vertically by stages." + }, + { + "id": 21542, + "la": "Igitur ut in aqua undarum designationibus, item in voce cum offensio nulla primam undam interpellaverit, non disturbat secundam nec insequentes, sed omnes sine resonantia perveniunt ad imorum et ad summorum aures", + "en": "Therefore as is the case with the direction of the waves in water, so with the voice when no obstacle interrupts the first wave, this in turn does not disturb the second and later waves, but all reach the ears of the top and bottom rows without echoing." + }, + { + "id": 21543, + "la": "Ergo veteres architecti naturae vestigia persecuti indagationibus vocis scandentis theatrorum perfecerunt gradationes, et quaesierunt per canonicam mathematicorum et musicam rationem, ut, quaecumque vox esset in scaena, clarior et suavior ad spectatorum perveniret aures", + "en": "Therefore the ancient architects following natures footsteps, traced the voice as it rose, and carried out the ascent of the theatre seats. By the rules of mathematics and the method of music, they sought to make the voices from the stage rise more clearly and sweetly to the spectators ears." + }, + { + "id": 21544, + "la": "Uti enim organa in aeneis lamminis aut corneis echeis ad cordarum sonitum claritatem perficiuntur, sic theatrorum per harmonicen ad augendam vocem ratiocinationes ab antiquis sunt constitutae", + "en": "For just as organs which have bronze plates1 or horn sounding boards are brought to the clear sound of string instruments, so by the arrangement of theatres in accordance with the science of harmony, the ancients increased the power of the voice." + }, + { + "id": 21545, + "la": "Harmonia autem est musica litteratura obscura et difficilis, maxime quidem quibus graecae litterae non sunt notae", + "en": "Harmony is an obscure and difficult branch of musical literature especially for persons unacquainted with Greek." + }, + { + "id": 21546, + "la": "Quam si volumus explicare, necesse est etiam graecis verbis uti, quod nonnullae eorum latinas non habent appellationes", + "en": "If we wish to explain it we must use Greek words and some of these have no Latin renderings." + }, + { + "id": 21547, + "la": "Itaque ut potuero quam apertissime ex Aristoxeni scripturis interpretabor et eius diagramma subscribam finitionesque sonituum designabo, uti, qui diligentius attenderit, facilius percipere possit", + "en": "Therefore I shall translate (as well as I can) from the works of Aristoxenus2 subjoining his diagram, and I shall indicate the definitions of the musical notes, so that an attentive reader can the more easily understand." + }, + { + "id": 21548, + "la": "Vox enim mutationibus cum flectitur, alias fiat acuta, alias gravis; duobusque modis movetur, e quibus unus effectus habet continuatos, alter distantis", + "en": "For when the voice is changed and modulated it may sometimes become high, sometimes low. It moves in two manners, of which one is continuous, the other by intervals." + }, + { + "id": 21549, + "la": "Continuata vox neque in finitionibus consistit neque in loco ullo, efficitque terminationes non apparentes, intervalla autem media parentia, uti sermone cum dicamus: sol lux flos vox", + "en": "For the continuous voice neither stops in definite notes nor indeed anywhere, and comes to no clear endings. There are, however, intervals apparent between one sound and the next; as when we say: sol lux flos vox." + }, + { + "id": 21550, + "la": "Nunc enim nec unde incipit nec ubi desinit, intellegitur; sed quod ex acuta facta est gravis et ex gravi acuta, apparet auribus", + "en": "For now it is not perceived whence it begins nor where it ceases. But that it passes from high to low, and from low to high, is heard by the ears." + }, + { + "id": 21551, + "la": "Per distantiam autem e contrario", + "en": "The case is opposite with intervals." + }, + { + "id": 21552, + "la": "Namque cum flectitur, inmutatione vox statuit se in alicuius sonitus finitionem, deinde in alterius, et id ultro citro crebre faciendo constans apparet sensibus, uti in cantionibus cum flectentes vocem varietatem facimus", + "en": "For when the voice is modulated, the voice in changing is directed first to one determinate sound and then to another. Doing this often backwards and forwards it appears consistent1 to the sense of hearing, as when in singing we modulate the voice in various ways." + }, + { + "id": 21553, + "la": "Modulationis itaque intervallis ea cum versatur, et unde initium fecit et ubi desiit, apparet in sonorum patentibus finitionibus, mediana autem patentia intervallis obscurantur", + "en": "When therefore the voice is modulated by intervals, the manifest limits of the notes make clear where it begins and where it breaks off; but the notes within the intervals, although clear in themselves, are not heard." + }, + { + "id": 21554, + "la": "Genera vero sunt modulationum tria: primum quod Graeci nominant harmoniam, secundum chroma, tertium diatonon", + "en": "The kinds of modulation are three: first that which the Greeks call harmonia; second chroma; third diatonon." + }, + { + "id": 21555, + "la": "Est autem harmoniae modulatio ad artem concepta, et ea re cantio eius maxime gravem et egregiam habet auctoritatem", + "en": "Now harmonic modulation2 is artificially constructed; singing in this style has a very solemn and impressive influence." + }, + { + "id": 21556, + "la": "Chroma subtili sollertia ac crebritate modulorum suaviorem habet delectationem", + "en": "Chromatic3 modulation, by the refinement and closeness of its transitions, produces an impression of more sweetness." + }, + { + "id": 21557, + "la": "Diatoni vero, quod naturalis est, facilior est intervallorum distantia", + "en": "The diatonic modulation is closer to nature and has a more easy distance of its intervals." + }, + { + "id": 21558, + "la": "In his tribus generibus dissimiles sunt tetrachordorum dispositiones, quod harmonia tetrachordorum et tonos et dihesis habet binas (dihesis autem est toni pars quarta; ita in hemitonio duae diheses sunt conlocatae); chromati duo hemitonia in ordine sunt composita, tertium trium hemitoniorum est intervallum; diatono toni duo sunt continuati, tertium hemitonium finit tetrachordi magnitudinem", + "en": "In these three scales, the arrangements of the tetrachords differ. The harmonic scale has two tones in the tetrachord and two quarter-tones. (Now two quarter-tones make a semitone.) The chromatic tetrachord4 has two consecutive semitones and the third interval is of three semitones. The diatonic tetrachord4 has two consecutive tones, and the third interval'a semitone'completes the amount of the tetrachord." + }, + { + "id": 21559, + "la": "Ita in tribus generibus tetrachorda ex duobus tonis et hemitonio sunt peraequata, sed ipsa cum separatim uniuscuiusque generis finibus considerantur, dissimilem habent intervallorum designationem", + "en": "Thus in the three scales the tetrachords are equivalent to two tones and a half, but when they are considered separately within the limits of each scale, they vary in the arrangement of the intervals." + }, + { + "id": 21560, + "la": "Igitur intervallo tonorum et hemitoniorum et tetrachordorum in voce divisit natura finitque terminationes eorum mensuris intervallorum quantitate, modisque certis distantibus constituit qualitates, quibus etiam artifices qui organa fabricant, ex natura constitutis utendo comparant ad concentus convenientes eorum perfectiones", + "en": "Therefore by the intervals of tones, semitones, and tetrachords, nature has divided and defined their limits for the voice, measuring them by the quantity of the intervals; and has fixed their quality1 in certain distinct modes. Craftsmen who make instruments use these proportions which nature has fixed, and make perfect their instruments with a view to suitable concords." + }, + { + "id": 21561, + "la": "Sonitus, qui graece phthongi dicuntur, in unoquoque genere sunt x et viii, e quibus viii sunt in tribus generibus perpetui et stantes, reliqui x, cum communiter modulantur, sunt vagantes", + "en": "Sounds (which in Greek are called phthongi) are eighteen in number for each kind.3 Of these, eight are perpetually fixed in the three kinds; the remaining ten, when they are modulated in common, are found to vary." + }, + { + "id": 21562, + "la": "Stantes autem sunt, qui inter mobiles sunt interpositi", + "en": "Now those are fixed which are interposed between the variable sounds;" + }, + { + "id": 21563, + "la": "Continent tetrachordi coniunctionem et e generum discriminibus suis finibus sunt permanentes; appellantur autem sic: proslambanomenos, hypate hypaton, hypate meson, mese, nete synhemmenon, paramese, nete diezeugmenon, nete hyperbolaeon", + "en": "they determine the combination of the tetrachord, and in accordance with the differences of the kinds remain in their own limits. Their names are these: proslambanomenos; hypat hypatn; hypate mesn; mes; n'te synh'mmenn; parames; n't diezeugmenn; n'te hyperbolaen." + }, + { + "id": 21564, + "la": "Mobiles autem sunt, qui in tetrachordo inter inmotos dispositi in generibus ex locis loca mutant; vocabula autem habent haec: parhypate hypaton, lichanos hypaton, parhypate meson, lichanos meson, trite synhemmenon, trite diezeugmenon, paranete diezeugmenon, trite hyperbolaeon, paranete hyperbolaeon", + "en": "Those sounds are shifting which are arranged in the tetrachord between the fixed sounds, and change from place to place in the three kinds. Their names are these: parhypat hypatn; lichanos hypatn; parhypat mesn; lichanos mesn; trite synh'mmenn; paran't synh'mmenn; trite diezeugmenn; paran't diezeugmenn; trit hyperbolaen; paren't hyperbolaen." + }, + { + "id": 21565, + "la": "Ei autem qua moventur, recipiunt virtutes alias; intervalla enim et distantias habent crescentes", + "en": "But those sounds which shift, gain various qualities; for they have increasing intervals and distances." + }, + { + "id": 21566, + "la": "Itaque parhypate, quae in harmonia distat ab hypate hemitonium, in chroma tramutata habet hemitonium", + "en": "Thus the parhypat which in the enharmonic is half a semitone from the hypat, has a semitone when it is changed to the chromatic." + }, + { + "id": 21567, + "la": "Qui lichanos in harmonia dicitur, ab hypate distat hemitonium, in chroma translata progreditur duo hemitonia, in diatono distat ab hypate tria hemitonia", + "en": "What is called lichanos in the enharmonic kind, is distant a semitone from the hypat; transferred to the chromatic, it advances two semitones; in the diatonic, it is distant three semitones." + }, + { + "id": 21568, + "la": "Ita x sonitus propter translationes in generibus efficiunt triplicem modulationum varietatem", + "en": "Thus the 10 sounds, because of their transpositions in the three scales, produce a triple variety of modulation." + }, + { + "id": 21569, + "la": "Tetrachorda autem sunt quinque: primum gravissimum, quod graece dicitur hypaton, secundum medianum, quod appellatur meson, tertium coniunctum, quod synhemmenon dicitur, quartum disiunctum, quod diezeugmenon nominatur, quintum, quod est acutissimum, graece hyperbolaeon dicitur", + "en": "Now the tetrachords are five: the first is the lowest which in Greek is called hypaton; the second is the middle which is called meson; the third which is joined to these is called synh'mmenon; the fourth being separated is called diezeugmenon; the fifth which is the highest is called in Greek hyperbolaeon." + }, + { + "id": 21570, + "la": "Concentos quos natura hominis modulari potest, graece quae synphoniae dicuntur, sunt sex: diatessaron, diapente, diapason, et disdiatessaron, et disdiapente, et disdiapason", + "en": "The concords (in Greek symphoniae) which the human voice can modulate are six: diatessaron (fourth); diapente (fifth); diapason (octave); disdiatessaron (octave and fourth); disdiapente (octave and fifth); disdiapason (two octaves)." + }, + { + "id": 21571, + "la": "Ideoque et a numero nomina ceperunt, quod, cum vox constiterit in una sonorum finitione ab eaque se flectens mutaverit et pervenerit in quartam terminationem, appellatur diatessaron, in quintam diapente [in sextam diapason in octavam et dimidiam diapason et diatessaron, in nonam et dimidiam diapason diapente, in xii disdiapason]", + "en": "These have taken their names from numbers. For when the voice has rested in one fixed sound, and then modulates and changes from itself, and comes to the fourth sound it is called diatessaron; when it comes to the fifth, it is called diapente; [to the eighth, diapason; to the eleventh, diapason with diatessaron; to the twelfth, diapason with diapente to the fifteenth disdiapason]," + }, + { + "id": 21572, + "la": "Non enim inter duo intervalla, cum chordarum sonitus aut vocis cantus factus fuerit, nec in tertia aut sexta aut vii possunt consonantiae fieri, sed, uti supra scriptum est, diatessaron et diapente et ex ordine disdiapason convenientiae ex natura vocis congruentis habent finitiones", + "en": "For concords cannot arise between two intervals, when the sound of strings or the song of the voice is uttered, nor between three or six or seven; but, as we wrote above, the diatessaron and diapente up to the disdiapason are concords which have limits arising from the nature of the voice." + }, + { + "id": 21573, + "la": "Et ei coventus procreantur ex coniunctione sonituum, qui graece phthongi dicuntur", + "en": "And these concords are produced from the conjunction of sounds which in Greek are called phthongi." + }, + { + "id": 21574, + "la": "Ita ex his indagationibus mathematicis rationibus fiant vasa aerea pro ratione magnitudinis theatri, eaque ita fabricentur, ut, cum tangantur, sonitum facere possint inter se diatessaron diapente ex ordine ad disdiapason", + "en": "Hence in accordance with these enquiries, bronze1 vases are to be made in mathematical ratios corresponding with the size of the theatre. They are to be so made that, when they are touched, they can make a sound from one to another of a fourth, a fifth and so on to the second octave." + }, + { + "id": 21575, + "la": "Postea inter sedes theatri constitutis cellis ratione musica ibi conlocentur ita, uti nullum parietem tangant circaque habeant locum vacuum et ab summo capite spatium, ponanturque inversa et habeant in parte, quae spectat ad scaenam, suppositos cuneos ne minus altos semipede; contraque eas cellas relinquantur aperturae inferiorum graduum cubilibus longae pedes duo, altae semipede", + "en": "Then compartments are made among the seats of the theatre, and the vases are to be so placed there that they do not touch the wall, and have an empty space around them and above. They are to be placed upside down. On the side looking towards the stage, they are to have wedges put under them not less than half a foot high. Against these cavities openings are to be left in the faces of the lower steps two feet long and half a foot high." + }, + { + "id": 21576, + "la": "Designationes autem eorum, quibus in locis constituantur, sic explicentur", + "en": "The planning of them and the places in which they are to be are to be thus set forth." + }, + { + "id": 21577, + "la": "Si non erit ampla magnitudine theatrum, media altitudinis transversa regio designetur et in ea tredecim cellae duodecim aequalibus intervallis distantes confornicentur, uti ea echea quae supra scripta sunt, ad neten hyperbolaeon sonantia in cellis quae sunt in cornibus extremis, utraque parte prima conlocentur, secunda ab extremis diatessaron ad neten diezeugmenon, tertia diatessaron ad paramesen, quarta ad neten synhemmenon, quinta diatessaron ad mesen, sexta diatessaron ad hypaten meson, in medio unum diatessaron ad hypaten hypaton", + "en": "If the theatre is not of large dimensions, in the middle of the height, a transverse line is to be drawn. In that, thirteen cavities separated by twelve equal distances are to be arched over, so that those vases above referred to, giving the note of the n't hyperbolaen, may be placed at each end; second from the end, vases of the n't diezeugmenn at an interval of one fourth from the last; third from the end at the parames (another fourth); the fourth set of vases at the n't synhemmenn; the fifth at the mes (interval of a fourth); the sixth set at the hypat mesn (interval of a fourth); in the middle one vase at the hypat hypatn." + }, + { + "id": 21578, + "la": "Ita hac ratiocinatione vox a scaena uti ab centro profusa se circumagens tactuque feriens singulorum vasorum cava excitaverit auctam claritatem et concentu convenientem sibi consonantiam", + "en": "Thus by this calculation the voice, spreading from the stage as from a centre and striking by its contact the hollows of the several vases, will arouse an increased clearness of sound, and, by the concord, a consonance harmonising with itself." + }, + { + "id": 21579, + "la": "Sin autem amplior erit magnitudo theatri, tunc altitudo dividatur in partes iiii, uti tres efficiantur regiones cellarum transverse designatae, una harmoniae, altera chromatos, tertia diatoni", + "en": "But if the theatre is larger, then the height is to be divided into 4 parts, so that three lines of cavities are drawn crosswise, one enharmonic, a second chromatic, the third diatonic." + }, + { + "id": 21580, + "la": "Et ab imo quae erit prima, ea ex harmonia conlocetur, ita uti in minore theatro supra scriptum est", + "en": "The first from the bottom is to be arranged for the enharmonic kind as described above for the smaller theatre." + }, + { + "id": 21581, + "la": "In mediana autem prima in extremis cornibus ad chromaticen hyperbolaeon habentia sonitum ponantur, in secundis ab his diatessaron ad chromaticen diezeugmenon, in tertiis ad chromaticen synhemmenon, quartis diatessaron ad chromaticen meson, quintis diatessaron ad chromaticen hypaton, sextis ad paramesen, quod et in chromaticen hyperbolaeon diapente et ad chromaticen meson diatessaron habeant consonantiae communitatem", + "en": "In the middle series on the extreme wings, the first vases are to be put with a note of the chromatic hyperbolaeon; in the second cavities at the interval of a fourth, the chromatic diezeugmenon; in the third the chromatic synh'mmenon; in the fourth cavities, at the interval of a fourth, the chromatic meson; in the fifth at the interval of a fourth the chromatic hypaton; in the sixth the parames, which has a fifth interval to the chromatic hyperbolaeon, and an interval of a fourth to the chromatic synh'mmenon." + }, + { + "id": 21582, + "la": "In medio nihil est conlocandum, ideo quod sonitum nulla alia qualitas in chromatico genere symphoniae consonantiam potest habere", + "en": "In the centre nothing is to be put, because no other quality of sound has a share in the concords of the chromatic kind." + }, + { + "id": 21583, + "la": "In summa vero divisione et regione cellarum in cornibus primis ad diatonon hyperbolaeon fabricata vasa sonitu ponantur, in secundis diatessaron ad diatonon , tertiis ad diatonon synhemmenon, quartis diatessaron ad diatonon meson, quintis diatessaron ad diatonon hypaton, sextis diatessaron ad proslambanomenon, in medio ad mesen, quod ea et ad proslambanomenon diapason et ad diatonon hypaton diapente habet symphoniarum communitates", + "en": "In the top1 division and line of cavities, vases are to be put in the extreme wings, made to sound the diatonic hyperbolaeon; in the second at the interval of a fourth the diatonic diezeugmenon; in the third the diatonic synh'mmenon; in the fourth (at the interval of a fourth) the diatonic meson; in the fifth at the interval of a fourth at the diatonic hypaton; in the sixth at the interval of a fourth the proslambanomenos; in the middle the mes, between which and the proslambanomenos is an octave, and a fifth to the diatonic hypaton." + }, + { + "id": 21584, + "la": "Haec autem si qui voluerit ad perfectum facile perducere, animadvertat in extremo libro diagramma musica ratione designatum, quod Aristoxenus magno vigore et industria generatim divisis modulationibus constitutum reliquit, de quo, si qui ratiocinationibus his attenderit, ad naturas vocis et audientium delectationes facilius valuerit theatrorum efficere perfectiones", + "en": "If anyone wishes to bring all this to execution, let him note at the end of the book a diagram1 drawn in accordance with the method of music, which Aristoxenus, employing a sound and careful method, has left to us arranged with the modulations according to their kinds. If he attends to these calculations, he will the more easily be able to erect theatres adapted to the nature of the voice and the pleasure of the audience." + }, + { + "id": 21585, + "la": "Dicet aliquis forte multa theatra quotannis Romae facta esse neque ullam rationem harum rerum in his fuisse; sed errabit in eo, quod omnia publica lignea theatra tabulationes habent complures, quas necesse est sonare", + "en": "Someone will say, perhaps, that many theatres2 are built every year at Rome without taking any account of these matters. He will be mistaken in this. All public wooden theatres have several wooden floors which must naturally resound." + }, + { + "id": 21586, + "la": "Hoc vero licet animadvertere etiam ab citharoedis qui, superiore tono cum volunt canere, avertunt se ad scaenae valvas et ita recipiunt ab earum auxilio consonantiam vocis", + "en": "We can observe this also from those who sing to the zither, who when they wish to sing with a louder tone, turn to the wooden scenery, and, with this help, gain resonance for their voice." + }, + { + "id": 21587, + "la": "Cum autem ex solidis rebus theatra constituuntur, id est ex structura caementorum, lapide, marmore, quae sonare non possunt, tunc echeis hae rationes sunt explicandae", + "en": "But when theatres are built of solids, that is of rubble walling, stone or marble which cannot resound, the use of bronze vases is to be followed." + }, + { + "id": 21588, + "la": "Sin autem quaeritur, in quo theatro ea sint facta, Romae non possumus ostendere, sed in Italiae regionibus et in pluribus Graecorum civitatibus", + "en": "But if you ask in what theatre this is done, we cannot show any at Rome, but we must turn to the regions of Italy, and to many Greek cities." + }, + { + "id": 21589, + "la": "Etiamque auctorem habemus Lucium Mummium qui diruto theatro Corinthiorum ea aenea Romam deportavit et de manubiis ad aedem Lunae dedicavit", + "en": "We find a precedent in Lucius Mummius3 who destroyed the theatre at Corinth, and transported these bronze vessels to Rome, and dedicated them, from the spoils, at the temple of Luna." + }, + { + "id": 21590, + "la": "Multi etiam sollertes architecti, qui in oppidis non magnis theatra constituerunt, propter inopiam fictilibus doleis ita sonantibus electis hac ratiocinatione compositis perfecerunt utilissimos effectus", + "en": "Further many clever architects, who in towns of moderate size have built theatres, have chosen, for cheapness sake, earthenware vessels with similar sounds, and arranging them in this way have produced very useful effects." + }, + { + "id": 21591, + "la": "Ipsius autem theatri conformatio sic est facienda, uti, quam magna futura est perimetros imi, centro medio conlocato circumagatur linea rutundationis, in eaque quattuor scribantur trigona paribus lateribus; intervallis extremam lineam circinationis, tangant, quibus etiam in duodecim signorum caelestium astrologia ex musica convenientia astrorum ratiocinantur", + "en": "The plan2 of the theatre is to be thus arranged: that the centre is to be taken, of the dimension allotted to the orchestra at the ground level. The circumference is to be drawn; and in it four equilateral triangles are to be described touching the circumference at intervals (just as in the case of the twelve celestial signs, astronomers calculate from the musical division of the constellations)." + }, + { + "id": 21592, + "la": "Ex his trigonis cuius latus fuerit proximum scaenae, ea regione, qua praecidit curvaturam circinationis, ibi finiatur scaenae frons, et ab eo loco per centrum parallelos linea ducatur, quae disiungat proscaenii pulpitum et orchestrae regionem", + "en": "Of these triangles the side of that which is nearest the scene, will determine the front of the scene, in the part where it cuts the curve of the circle. Through the centre of the circle a parallel line is drawn which is to divide the platform of the proscenium from the orchestra." + }, + { + "id": 21593, + "la": "Ita latius factum fuerit pulpitum quam Graecorum, quod omnes artifices in scaena dant operam, in orchestra autem senatorum sunt sedibus loca designata", + "en": "Thus the stage will be made wider that that of the Greeks because all the actors play their parts on the stage, whereas the orchestra is allotted to the seats of the senators." + }, + { + "id": 21594, + "la": "Et eius pulpiti altitudo sit ne plus pedum quinque, uti, qui in orchestra sederint, spectare possint omnium agentium gestus", + "en": "The height of the stage is not to be more than 5 feet, so that those who are seated in the orchestra can see the gestures of all the actors." + }, + { + "id": 21595, + "la": "Cunei spectaculorum in theatro ita dividantur, uti anguli trigonorum, qui currunt circum curvaturam circinationis, dirigant ascensus scalasque inter cuneos ad primam praecinctionem; supra autem alternis itineribus superiores cunei medii dirigantur", + "en": "The blocks of seats in the theatre are so to be divided that the angles of the triangles which run round the curve of the circle indicate the ascents and the steps between the blocks to the first circular passage. Above, the upper blocks of seats are arranged with alternate staircases facing the middle of the lower blocks." + }, + { + "id": 21596, + "la": "Hi autem, qui sunt in imo et dirigunt scalaria, erunt numero vii; reliqui quinque scaenae designabunt compositionem: et unus medius contra se valvas regias habere debet, et qui erunt dextra sinistra, hospitaliorum designabunt compositionem, extremi duo spectabunt itinera versurarum", + "en": "The angles which are on the ground floor of the theatre and determine the staircases will be 7 in number. The remaining 5 will indicate the arrangement of the stage. One in the middle should have the palace doors opposite to it. Those which are to the right and left, will indicate the apartments provided for strangers. The furthest two will regard the direction of the revolving scenes." + }, + { + "id": 21597, + "la": "Gradus spectaculorum, ubi subsellia componantur, gradus ne minus alti sint palmopede, et digito sex; latitudines eorum ne plus pedes duo semis, ne minus pedes duo constituantur", + "en": "As to the rows of the auditorium where the seats are placed, the seats are not to be lower than 16 inches nor more than 18. The width is not to be more than 2 feet nor less than 2 feet." + }, + { + "id": 21598, + "la": "Tectum porticus, quod futurum est in summa gradatione cum scaenae altitudine libratum perspiciatur, ideo quod vox crescens aequaliter ad summas gradationes et tectum perveniet", + "en": "The roof of the colonnade, which is to be built on the top row of steps, is to be so planned1 as to be level with the top of the back wall of the stage, because thereby the voice will rise evenly until it reaches the top seats and the roof." + }, + { + "id": 21599, + "la": "Namque si non erit aequale, quo minus fuerit altum, vox praeripietur ad eam altitudinem, quam perveniet primo", + "en": "For if the roof is not level, the lower it is, to that extent the voice will be interrupted, at the height which it reaches first." + }, + { + "id": 21600, + "la": "Orchestra inter grados imos quod diametron habuerit, eius sexta pars sumatur4, et in cornibus, utrumque aditus eius mensurae perpendiculum interiores sedes praecidantur, et quae praecisio fuerit, ibi constituantur itinerum supercilia; ita enim satis altitudinem habebunt eorum confornicationes", + "en": "As to the orchestra, a sixth part is to be taken of its diameter between the lowest steps. On the wings at either side of the entrance, the inmost seats are to be cut back to a perpendicular height equal to that sixth. Whatever the amount of this cutting off is, fixes the spring of the arch over the passages. In this way their vaulting will have sufficient height." + }, + { + "id": 21601, + "la": "Scaenae longitudo ad orchestrae diametron duplex fieri debet", + "en": "The length of the stage must be twice the width of the orchestra." + }, + { + "id": 21602, + "la": "Podii altitudo ab libramento pulpiti cum corona et lysi duodecumam orchestrae diametri", + "en": "The height of the pedestal of the back wall above the level of the stage, along with the cornice and moulding, is to be one twelfth of the diameter of the orchestra." + }, + { + "id": 21603, + "la": "Supra podium columnae cum capitulis et spiris altae quarta parte eiusdem diametri; epistylia et ornamenta earum columnarum altitudinis quinta parte", + "en": "Above the pedestal, the columns with capitals and bases are to be of a height equal to one quarter of the diameter; the architrave and ornaments, one fifth part of their height." + }, + { + "id": 21604, + "la": "Pluteum insuper cum unda et corona inferioris plutei dimidia parte", + "en": "The parapet above, with its base and cornice, is to be one half of the lower parapet (or pedestal)." + }, + { + "id": 21605, + "la": "Supra id pluteum columnae quarta parte minore altitudine sint quam inferiores; epistylium et ornamenta earum columnarum quinta parte", + "en": "Above the parapet are to be columns one fourth less in height than the lower ones; the architrave and ornaments a fifth of those columns." + }, + { + "id": 21606, + "la": "Item si tertia episcenos futura erit, mediani plutei summum sit dimidia parte; columnae summae medianarum minus altae sint quarta parte; epistylia cum coronis earum columnarum item habeant altitudinis quintam partem", + "en": "If there is to be a third order, the top parapet is to be half of the middle one. The top columns are to be one quarter less in height than the middle; the architraves with the cornices are also to have one fifth of the height of those columns." + }, + { + "id": 21607, + "la": "Nec tamen in omnibus theatris symmetriae ad omnis rationes et effectus possunt respondere, sed oportet architectum animadvertere, quibus proportionibus necesse sit sequi symmetriam et quibus ad loci naturam aut magnitudinem operis temperari", + "en": "Nevertheless it is not in all theatres that the dimensions can answer to all the effects proposed. The architect must observe in what proportions symmetry must be followed, and how it must be adjusted to the nature of the site or the magnitude of the work." + }, + { + "id": 21608, + "la": "Sunt enim res quas et in pusillo et in magno theatro necesse est eadem magnitudine fieri propter usum, uti gradus, diazumata, pluteos, itinera, ascensus, pulpita, tribunalia et si qua alia intercurrunt, ex quibus necessitas cogit discedere ab symmetria, ne inpediatur usus", + "en": "For there are details which must be of the same dimensions both in a small, and in a large theatre, since their use is the same. Such are the steps, the semi-circular passages, the parapets, the ordinary passages, the steps up, the height of the stage, the boxes1; and whatever else occurs to compel us to depart from proportion in the interest of convenience." + }, + { + "id": 21609, + "la": "Non minus si qua exiguitas copiarum, id est marmoris, materiae reliquarumque rerum, quae parantur in opere defuerint, paulum demere aut adicere, dum id ne nimium inprobe fiat sed cum sensu, non erit alienum", + "en": "Similarly if scantness2 of materials, such as marble, timber and other supplies, meet us in the work, it will not be inappropriate to make slight additions or deductions, provided this is done with taste and so as to avoid a clumsy effect." + }, + { + "id": 21610, + "la": "Hoc autem erit, si architectus erit usu peritus, praeterea ingenio mobili sollertiaque non fuerit viduatus", + "en": "Such will be the result, if the architect in addition to being experienced, is not devoid of a versatile mind and technical skill." + }, + { + "id": 21611, + "la": "Ipsae autem scaenae suas habent rationes explicitas ita, uti mediae valvae ornatus habeant aulae regiae, dextra ac sinistra hospitalia, secundum autem spatia ad ornatus comparata, quae loca Graeci periactus dicunt ab eo, quod machinae sunt in his locis versatiles trigonos habentes in singula tres species ornationis, quae, cum aut fabularum mutationes sunt futurae seu deorum adventus, cum tonitribus repentinis ea versentur mutentque speciem ornationis in frontes", + "en": "The scenery itself is so arranged that the middle doors are figured like a royal palace, the doors on the right and left are for strangers. Next on either side are the spaces prepared for scenery. These are called periaktoi in Greek (revolving wings) from the three-sided machines which turn having on their three sides as many kinds of subject. When there are to be changes in the play or when the gods appear with sudden thunders, they are to turn and change the kind of subject presented to the audience." + }, + { + "id": 21612, + "la": "Secundum ea loca versurae sunt procurrentes, quae efficiunt una a foro, altera a peregre aditus in scaenam", + "en": "Next to these the angles of the walls run out which contain the entrances to the stage one from the public square1 and the other from the country." + }, + { + "id": 21613, + "la": "Genera autem sunt scaenarum tria: unum quod dicitur tragicum, alterum comicum, tertium satyricum", + "en": "There are three styles of scenery: one which is called tragic; a second, comic; the third, satyric." + }, + { + "id": 21614, + "la": "Horum autem ornatus sunt inter se dissimili disparique ratione, quod tragicae deformantur columnis et fastigiis et signis reliquisque regalibus rebus; comicae autem aedificiorum privatorum et maenianorum habent speciem profectusque fenestris dispositos imitatione communium aedificiorum rationibus; satyricae vero ornantur arboribus, speluncis, montibus reliquisque agrestibus rebus in topeodi speciem deformati", + "en": "Now the subjects of these differ severally one from another. The tragic are designed with columns, pediments and statues and other royal surroundings; the comic have the appearance of private buildings and balconies and projections with windows made to imitate reality, after the fashion of ordinary buildings; the satyric settings are painted with trees, caves, mountains and other country features, designed to imitate landscape." + }, + { + "id": 21615, + "la": "In Graecorum theatris non omnia isdem rationibus sunt facienda, quod primum in ima circinatione, ut in latino trigonorum iiii, in eo quadratorum trium anguli circinationis lineam tangunt, et cuius quadrati latus est proximum scaenae praeciditque curvaturam circinationis, ea regione designatur finitio proscaenii", + "en": "In the Greek theatres2 some things are done differently. Firstly, in the orchestra, the angles of three squares touch the circumference, whereas in the Roman theatre we have the angles of four triangles. In the Greek the line of the proscenium (or stage) is drawn along the side of the square which is nearest to the scenery, where it cuts the circumference." + }, + { + "id": 21616, + "la": "Et ab ea regione ad extremam circinationem curvaturae parallelos linea designatur, in qua constituitur frons scaenae, per centrumque orchestrae proscaenii regione parallelos linea describitur, et qua secat circinationis lineas dextra ac sinistra, in cornibus hemicycli centra signantur", + "en": "On the same side, parallel to this a line is drawn to touch the outside of the circle, and on this the front of the scenery is marked out. Through the centre of the orchestra a line is described parallel to the proscenium; where it cuts the circumference right and left, centres are marked at the ends of the semi-circle." + }, + { + "id": 21617, + "la": "Et circino collocato in dextra ab intervallo sinistro circumagatur circinatio ad proscaenii sinistram partem; item centro conlocato in sinistro cornu ab intervallo dextro circumagitur ad proscaenii dextram partem", + "en": "Fixing the centre of the compasses on the right, with a radius equal to the distance of the left point, a circle is drawn to the left side of the proscenium. In the same way, the centre is fixed on the left and with a radius equal to the distance of the right, a circle is drawn to intersect the right side of the proscenium." + }, + { + "id": 21618, + "la": "Ita tribus centris hac descriptione ampliorem habent orchestram Graeci et scaenam recessiorem minoreque latitudine pulpitum, quod logeion appellant, ideo quod eos tragici et comici actores in scaena peragunt, reliqui autem artifices suas per orchestram praestant actiones; itaque ex eo scaenici et thymelici graece separatim nominantur", + "en": "Thus the Greeks have a wider orchestra, drawn from these three centres. The scenery is more recessed. The stage is narrower: this they call logeion (speaking-place), for the reason that the tragic and comic actors deliver their speeches on the stage. The other artists carry on their action in the orchestra. Hence the Greek gives them separate names: stage players and chorus (scaenici et thymelici)." + }, + { + "id": 21619, + "la": "Eius loci altitudo non minus debet esse pedum x, non plus duodecim", + "en": "The height of the stage is not to be less than ten feet, nor more than twelve." + }, + { + "id": 21620, + "la": "Gradationes scalarum inter cuneos et sedes contra quadratorum angulos dirigantur ad primam praecinctionem, a praecinctione inter eas iterum mediae dirigantur, et ad summam quotiens praecinguntur, altero tanto semper amplificantur", + "en": "The staircases between the lowest blocks of seats are to be arranged opposite the several angles of the squares up to the first horizontal gangway; between the tops of the first staircases, higher flights are to be put at halfway intervals along the gangway. And generally speaking, they are to be doubled in number when a gangway is reached." + }, + { + "id": 21621, + "la": "Cum haec omnia summa cura sollertiaque explicata sunt, tunc etiam diligentius", + "en": "Now that all these matters are set forth with careful skill, diligent consideration must be given." + }, + { + "id": 21622, + "la": "Est enim advertendum, uti sit electus locus, in quo leniter adplicet se vox neque repulsa resiliens incertas auribus referat significationes", + "en": "For we must choose a site in which the voice may fall smoothly, and may reach the ear with a definite utterance and without the interference of echoes." + }, + { + "id": 21623, + "la": "Sunt enim nonnulli loci naturaliter inpedientes vocis motus, uti dissonantes, qui graece dicuntur catechountes, circumsonantes, qui apud eos nominantur periechountes, item resonantes, qui dicuntur antechountes, consonantesque, quos appellant synechountas", + "en": "For there are some places which naturally hinder the passage of the voice: the dissonant which the Greek call katechountes; the circumsonant which are named by them periechountes; the resonant also which are called antechountes; the consonant which they name synechountes." + }, + { + "id": 21624, + "la": "Dissonantes sunt, in quibus vox prima, cum est elata in altitudinem, offensa superioribus solidis corporibus repulsaque residens in imo opprimit insequentis vocis elationem; circumsonantes autem, in quibus circumvagando coacta exsolvens in medio sine extremis casibus sonans ibi extinguatur incerta verborum significatione; resonantes vero, in quibus, cum in solido tactu percussa resiliant, imagines exprimendo novissimos casus duplices faciant auditu; item consonantes sunt, in quibus ab imis auxiliata cum incremento scandens egrediatur ad aures disserta verborum claritate", + "en": "The dissonant places are those in which the voice, when first it rises upwards, meets solid bodies above. It is driven back, and settling down, overwhelms the following utterance as it rises. 2. The circumsonant are those in which the voice moves round, is collected and dissipated in the centre. The terminations of the words are lost and the voice is swallowed up in a confused utterance. The resonant are those in which the words, striking against a solid body, give rise to echoes and make the termination of the words double to the ear. The consonant also are those in which the voice reinforced from the ground rises with greater fulness, and reaches the ear with clear and eloquent accents." + }, + { + "id": 21625, + "la": "Ita si in locorum electione fuerit diligens animadversio, emendatus erit prudentia ad utilitatem in theatris vocis effectus", + "en": "Thus if careful observation is exercised in the choice of sites, such skill will be rewarded by the improved effect of the actors voices." + }, + { + "id": 21626, + "la": "Formarum autem descriptiones inter se discriminibus his erunt notatae, uti, quae ex quadratis designentur, Graecorum habeant usus, latine paribus lateribus trigonorum", + "en": "To sum up, the outlines of the plans will be marked by these differences among themselves, namely, those plans follow Greek usage which are designed from squares; the Roman theatres, from equilateral triangles." + }, + { + "id": 21627, + "la": "Ita his praescriptionibus qui voluerit uti, emendatas efficiet theatrorum perfectiones", + "en": "Whoever uses these rules, will be successful in building theatres." + }, + { + "id": 21628, + "la": "Post scaenam porticus sunt constituendae, uti, cum imbres repentini ludos interpellaverint, habeat populus, quo se recipiat ex theatro, choragiaque laxamentum habeant ad comparandum", + "en": "Behind the stage, colonnades are to be planned so that when the play is interrupted by sudden showers, the audience may have a place of refuge; the colonnades may also furnish room to set up the stage machinery." + }, + { + "id": 21629, + "la": "Uti sunt porticus Pompeianae, itemque Athenis porticus Eumeniae Patrisque Liberi fanum et exeuntibus e theatro sinistra parte odeum, quod Themistocles columnis lapideis dispositis navium malis et antemnis e spoliis Persicis pertexit (idem autem etiam incensum Mithridatico bello rex Ariobarzanes restituit); Smyrnae Stratoniceum; Trallibus porticus ex utraque parte, ut scaenae, supra stadium; ceterisque civitatibus, quae diligentiores habuerunt architectos, circa theatra sunt porticus et ambulationes", + "en": "At Rome there are the Colonnades of Pompey3; at Athens there are the Colonnades of Eumenes,4 the Temple of Bacchus,5 and as you leave the theatre, on the left-hand side there is the Odeum.6 This7 Themistocles planned with stone columns and completed with masts and yards from the Persian spoils. It was burnt in the Mithridatic War8 and King Ariobarzanes9 restored it. At Smyrna is the Colonnade of Stratonice.10 At Tralles there are colonnades above the stadium on either side, like those of a theatre. In other cities also which have had skilful architects there are colonnades and walks adjoining the theatres." + }, + { + "id": 21630, + "la": "Quae videntur ita oportere conlocari, uti duplices sint habeantque exteriores columnas doricas cum epistyliis et ornamentis ex ratione modulationis perfectas", + "en": "These, it appears, should be so planned that they are double,11 having Doric columns on the outside finished with architraves and ornaments in due proportion." + }, + { + "id": 21631, + "la": "", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 21632, + "la": "Latitudines autem earum ita oportere fieri videntur, uti, quanta altitudo columnae fuerit exteriores, tantam latitudinem habeant ab inferiore parte columnarum extremarum ad medias et a medianis ad parietes qui circumcludunt porticus ambulationes", + "en": "The width of the colonnades should be arranged as follows. Taking the height of the outer columns, this will give the width from the lower part of the outer columns to the middle columns and from the middle columns to the walls which surround the walks of the colonnades." + }, + { + "id": 21633, + "la": "Medianae autem columnae quinta parte altiores sint quam exteriores, sed aut ionico aut corinthio genere deformentur", + "en": "The middle columns are to be designed one fifth higher than the outer ones, and either in the Ionic or Corinthian style." + }, + { + "id": 21634, + "la": "Columnarum autem proportiones et symmetriae non erunt isdem rationibus quibus in aedibus sacris scripsi; aliam enim in deorum templis debent habere gravitatem, aliam in porticibus et ceteris operibus subtilitatem", + "en": "The proportions and symmetries of the columns will not be calculated in the same way as I have described for sacred edifices. In the temples of the gods dignity should be aimed at; in colonnades and other similar works, elegance." + }, + { + "id": 21635, + "la": "Itaque si dorici generis erunt columnae, dimetiantur earum altitudines cum capitulis in partes xv", + "en": "And so if the columns are in the Doric style, their height including the capitals is to be divided into 15 parts of which one is to be the module." + }, + { + "id": 21636, + "la": "Ex eis partibus una constituatur et fiat modulus, ad cuius moduli rationem omnis operis erit explicatio Et in imo columnae crassitudo fiat duorum modulorum;", + "en": "The planning of the whole work is to be calculated to this module. The thickness of the column at the foot is to be of two modules." + }, + { + "id": 21637, + "la": "intercolumnium quinque et moduli dimidia parte; altitudo columnae praeter capitulum xiiii modulorum; capituli altitudo moduli unius, latitudo modulorum duorum et moduli sextae partis", + "en": "The intercolumniation is to be 5 modules. The height of the column excluding the capital is to be 14 modules. The height of the capital is to be one module; the width 2 1/6 modules." + }, + { + "id": 21638, + "la": "Ceteri operis modulationes, uti in aedibus sacris in libro iiii scriptum est, ita perficiantur", + "en": "The proportions of the rest of the work are to be completed as laid down in the fourth book for sacred edifices." + }, + { + "id": 21639, + "la": "Sin autem ionicae columnae fient, scapus praeter spiram et capitulum in octo et dimidiam partem dividatur, et ex his una crassitudini columnae detur; cum plintho dimidia crassitudine constituatur7; capituli ratio ita fiat, uti in libro tertio est demonstratum", + "en": "But if the columns are Ionic, the shaft apart from the base and capital is to be divided into 8 parts and of these one is to be given to the diameter of the column. The base, with the plinth, is to be of half the diameter. The capital is to be designed as set forth in the third book." + }, + { + "id": 21640, + "la": "Si corinthia erit, scapus et spira uti in ionica; capitulum autem, quemadmodum in quarto libro est scriptum, ita habeant rationem", + "en": "If the column is Corinthian, the shaft and base are to be as in the Ionic, but the capital is to be proportioned as set forth in the fourth book." + }, + { + "id": 21641, + "la": "Stylobatisque adiectio quae fit per scabillos inpares, ex descriptione, quae supra scripta est in libro tertio, sumatur", + "en": "The addition to the stylobates is to be made by unequal ordinates in accordance with the description which is given above in the third book." + }, + { + "id": 21642, + "la": "Epistylia, coronae ceteraque omnia ad columnarum rationem ex scriptis voluminum superiorum explicentur", + "en": "The architraves, cornices and other features are to be arranged to suit the columns in accordance with the previous books." + }, + { + "id": 21643, + "la": "Media vero spatia quae erunt subdiu inter porticus, adornanda viridibus videntur, quod hypaethroe ambulationes habent magnam salubritatem", + "en": "The open spaces which are between the colonnades under the open sky, are to be arranged with green plots; because walks in the open are very healthy," + }, + { + "id": 21644, + "la": "Et primum oculorum, quod ex viridibus subtilis et extenuatus aer propter motionem corporis influens perlimat speciem et ita auferens ex oculis umorem crassum, aciem tenuem et acutam speciem relinquit4; praeterea, cum corpus motionibus in ambulatione calescat, umores ex membris aer exsugendo inminuit plenitates extenuatque dissipando quod plus inest quam corpus potest sustinere", + "en": "first for the eyes,1 because from the green plantations,2 the air being subtle and rarefied, flows into the body as it moves, clears the vision, and so by removing the thick humour from the eyes, leaves the glance defined and the image clearly marked. Moreover, since in walking the body is heated by motion, the air extracts the humours from the limbs, and diminishes repletion, by dissipating what the body has, more than it can carry." + }, + { + "id": 21645, + "la": "Hoc autem ita esse ex eo licet animadvertere, quod, sub tectis cum sint aquarum fontes aut etiam sub terra palustris abundantia, ex his nullus surgit umor nebulosus, sed in apertis hypaethrisque locis, cum sol oriens vapore tangat mundum, ex umidis et abundantius excitat umores et exconglobatos in altitudinem tollit", + "en": "We can perceive that this is so from the fact that when springs of water are under cover, or there is underground a marshy flow, no moist vapour rises. In places open to the air and sky, when the rising sun touches the world with its warmth, it draws the moisture from moist sites even more abundantly, gathers it together and raises it above." + }, + { + "id": 21646, + "la": "Ergo si ita videtur, uti in hypaethris locis ab aere umores ex corporibus exsugantur molestiores, quemadmodum ex terra per nebulas videntur, non puto dubium esse, quin amplissimas et ornatissimas subdiu hypaethrisque conlocari oporteat in civitatibus ambulationes", + "en": "Therefore if it appears that in open places the more troublesome moisture is sucked out from the body, as it is seen to be drawn from the earth through the clouds, I do not think it is doubtful but that in cities extensive and ornate parades should be placed in the open, and exposed to the sun." + }, + { + "id": 21647, + "la": "Eae autem uti sint semper siccae et non lutosae, sic erit faciendum", + "en": "In order that these walks may be always dry and free from mud, the following measures should be taken." + }, + { + "id": 21648, + "la": "Fodiantur et exinaniantur quam altissime", + "en": "They are to be dug and emptied out as deeply as possible." + }, + { + "id": 21649, + "la": "Dextra atque sinistra structiles cloacae fiant, inque earum parietibus qui ad ambulationem spectaverint, tubuli instruantur inclinati fastigio", + "en": "Drains are to be constructed right and left. In the walls of these, which are on the side of the parade, pipes are to be fixed inclined to the drains." + }, + { + "id": 21650, + "la": "In cloacis his perfectis compleantur ea loca carbonibus, deinde insuper sabulone eae ambulationes sternantur et exaequentur", + "en": "When this is complete, the place is to be filled with charcoal; then above this the walks are to be covered with sand and levelled." + }, + { + "id": 21651, + "la": "Ita propter carbonum raritatem naturalem et tubulorum in cloacas instructionem excipientur aquarum abundantiae, et ita siccae et sine umore perfectae fuerint ambulationes", + "en": "Thus by the natural porosity of the charcoal, and by the insertion of the pipes, the overflow of the water will be taken off. Thus the parades will be dry and without moisture." + }, + { + "id": 21652, + "la": "Praeterea in his operibus thensauri sunt civitatibus in necessariis rebus a moribus constituti", + "en": "Moreover in these buildings, custom1 included depots for stores required by the cities." + }, + { + "id": 21653, + "la": "In conclusionibus enim reliqui omnes faciliores sunt apparatus quam lignorum", + "en": "In times of siege,2 the provision of everything else is more easy than that of wood." + }, + { + "id": 21654, + "la": "Sal enim facile ante inportatur, frumenta publice privatimque expeditius congeruntur, et si defit, holeribus, carne seu leguminibus defenditur, aquae fossuris puteorum et de caelo repentinis tempestatibus ex tegulis excipiuntur", + "en": "Salt is easily brought in beforehand. Corn is quickly gathered by the community and by individuals. If it fails, provision can be made with green vegetables, meat or beans. Water is obtained by the digging of wells; in sudden storms it is received from the sky by the roof tiles." + }, + { + "id": 21655, + "la": "De lignatione quae maxime necessaria est ad cibum quoquendum, difficilis et molesta est apparatio, quod et tarde conportatur et plus consumitur", + "en": "But the provision of fire-wood, which is most necessary for cooking food, is difficult and troublesome. For it takes time to collect and is used in large quantities." + }, + { + "id": 21656, + "la": "In eiusmodi temporibus tunc eae ambulationes aperiuntur et mensurae tributim singulis capitibus designantur", + "en": "In times of siege the walks are thrown open, and wood is distributed to each citizen according to his tribe." + }, + { + "id": 21657, + "la": "Ita duas res egregias hypaethra ambulationem praestant, unam in pace salubritatis, alteram in bello salutis", + "en": "Thus walks in the open air serve two outstanding purposes: health in time of peace, and security in war." + }, + { + "id": 21658, + "la": "Ergo his rationibus ambulationum explicationes non solum post scaenam theatri, sed etiam omnium deorum templis effectae magnas civitatibus praestare poterunt utilitates", + "en": "In this way the laying out of walks, not only behind the stage of the theatre but also for the temples of all the gods, can furnish cities with great advantages." + }, + { + "id": 21659, + "la": "Quoniam haec nobis satis videntur esse exposita, nunc insequentur balinearum dispositionum demonstrationes", + "en": "Since these topics seem to us to be enough explained, there will now follow a description of the planning of baths." + }, + { + "id": 21660, + "la": "Primum eligendus locus est quam calidissimus, id est aversus ab septemtrione et aquilone", + "en": "Firstly a site must be chosen as warm as possible, that is, turned away from the north and east." + }, + { + "id": 21661, + "la": "Ipsa autem caldaria tepidariaque lumen habeant ab occidente hiberno, si autem natura loci inpedierit, utique a meridie, quod maxime tempus lavandi a meridiano ad vesperum est constitutum", + "en": "Now the hot and tepid baths are to be lighted from the winter west; but if the nature of the site prevents, at any rate from the south. For the time of bathing2 is fixed between midday and evening." + }, + { + "id": 21662, + "la": "Et item est animadvertendum, uti caldaria muliebria et virilia coniuncta et in isdem regionibus sint conlocata; sic enim efficietur, ut in vasaria et hypocausis communis sit eorum utrisque", + "en": "We must also take care that the hot baths for men and for women are adjacent and planned with the same aspects. For in this way it will follow that the same furnace and heating system will serve for both baths and for their fittings." + }, + { + "id": 21663, + "la": "Aenea supra hypocausim tria sunt componenda, unum caldarium, alterum tepidarium, tertium frigidarium, et ita conlocanda, uti, ex tepidario in caldarium quantum aquae caldae exierit, influat de frigidario in tepidarium ad eundem modum, testudinesque alveolorum ex communi hypocausi calfaciantur", + "en": "Three bronze tanks are to be placed above the furnace: one for the hot bath, a second for the tepid bath, a third for the cold bath. They are to be so arranged that the hot water which flows from the tepid bath into the hot bath, may be replaced by a like amount of water flowing down from the cold into the tepid bath." + }, + { + "id": 21664, + "la": "Suspensurae caldariorum ita sunt faciendae, ut primum sesquipedalibus tegulis solum sternatur inclinatum ad hypocausim, uti pila cum mittatur, non possit intro resistere, sed rursus redeat ad praefurnium ipsa per se; ita flamma facilius pervagabitur sub suspensione", + "en": "The vaulted chambers which contain the basins, are to be heated from the common furnace. The hanging floors4 of the hot baths are to be made as follows: first the ground is to be paved with eighteen inch tiles sloping towards the furnace, so that when a ball is thrown in it does not rest within, but comes back to the furnace room of itself. Thus the flame will more easily spread under the floor." + }, + { + "id": 21665, + "la": "Supraque laterculis besalibus pilae struantur ita dispositae, uti bipedales tegulae possint supra esse conlocatae; altitudinem autem pilae habeant pedes duo", + "en": "On this pavement, piers of eight inch bricks are to be built at such intervals that two foot tiles can be placed above. The piers are to be two feet high." + }, + { + "id": 21666, + "la": "Eaeque struantur argilla cum capillo subacta, supraque conlocentur tegulae bipedales quae sustineant pavimentum", + "en": "They are to be laid in clay worked up with hair, and upon them two foot tiles are to be placed to take the pavement." + }, + { + "id": 21667, + "la": "Concamarationes vero si ex structura factae fuerint, erunt utiliores; sin autem contignationes fuerint, figlinum opus subiciatur Sed hoc ita erit faciendum", + "en": "The vaulted ceilings will be more convenient if they are made of concrete. But if they are of timber, they should be tiled underneath, in the following fashion." + }, + { + "id": 21668, + "la": "Regulae ferreae aut arcus fiant, eaeque uncinis ferreis ad contignationem suspendantur quam creberrimis; eaeque regulae sive arcus ita disponantur, uti tegulae sine marginibus sedere in duabus invehique possint, et ita totae concamarationes in ferro nitentes sint perfectae", + "en": "Iron bars or arches are to be made and hung on the timber close together with iron hooks. And these rods or arches are to be placed so far apart that the tiles without raised edges may rest upon, and be carried by them; thus the whole vaulting is finished resting upon iron." + }, + { + "id": 21669, + "la": "Earumque camararum superiora coagmenta ex argilla cum capillo subacta liniantur; inferior autem pars, quae ad pavimentum spectat, primum testa cum calce trullizetur, deinde opere albario sive tectorio poliatur", + "en": "Of these vaulted ceilings the upper joints are to be stopped with clay and hair kneaded together. The under side, which looks to the pavement below, is to be first plastered with potsherds and lime pounded together, and then finished with stucco1 or fine plaster." + }, + { + "id": 21670, + "la": "Eaeque camarae in caldariis si duplices factae fuerint, meliorem habebunt usum; non enim a vapore umor corrumpere poterit materiem contignationis, sed inter duas camaras vagabitur", + "en": "Such vaulting over hot baths will be more convenient if it is made double. For the moisture from the heat cannot attack the wood of the timbering but will be dispersed between the two vaults." + }, + { + "id": 21671, + "la": "Magnitudines autem balneorum videntur fieri pro copia hominum; sint ita conpositae", + "en": "Now the size of the baths is to be proportioned to the number of persons, and is to be thus arranged." + }, + { + "id": 21672, + "la": "Quanta longitudo fuerit tertia dempta, latitudo sit, praeter scholam labri et alvei", + "en": "Apart from the apse containing the bathing tub and the basin in which it stands, the breadth is to be two thirds of the length." + }, + { + "id": 21673, + "la": "Labrum utique sub lumine faciundum videtur, ne stantes circum suis umbris obscurent lucem", + "en": "The bathing tub should be placed under the light so that the bystanders do not obscure the light with their shadows." + }, + { + "id": 21674, + "la": "Scholas autem labrorum ita fuerit oportet spatiosas, uti, cum priores occupaverint loca circum, spectantes reliqui recte stare possint", + "en": "The apses for the bathing tubs should be1 spacious so that when the first comers have taken their places, the others watching their turn may stand conveniently." + }, + { + "id": 21675, + "la": "Alvei autem latitudo inter parietem et pluteum ne minus sit pedes senos, ut gradus inferior inde auferat et pulvinus duos pedes", + "en": "Now the width of the basin between the wall and the parapet, should be not less than six feet, from which the lower step and the cushion, are to take two feet." + }, + { + "id": 21676, + "la": "Laconicum sudationesque sunt coniungendae tepidario; eaeque quam latae fuerint, tantam altitudinem habeant ad imam curvaturam hemisphaerii", + "en": "The domed sweating chamber should adjoin the tepid bath. The height to the springing of the dome should be equal to the width." + }, + { + "id": 21677, + "la": "Mediumque lumen in hemisphaerio relinquatur, ex eoque clypeom aeneum catenis pendeat, per cuius reductiones et dimissiones perficietur sudationis temperatura", + "en": "In the middle of the dome a light is to be left. From this a bronze tray is hung with chains; by the raising and lowering of the tray from the opening, the sweating is adjusted." + }, + { + "id": 21678, + "la": "Ipsumque ad circinum fieri oportere videtur, ut aequaliter a medio flammae vaporisque vis per curvaturae rutundationes pervagetur", + "en": "The tray should be circular, so that the force of the flame and the heat may be diffused equally from the centre over the rounded curve." + }, + { + "id": 21679, + "la": "Nunc mihi videtur, tametsi non sint italicae consuetudinis palaestrarum aedificationes, traditae tamen, explicare et quemadmodum apud Graecos constituantur, monstrare", + "en": "Although the building of the palaestra is not a usual thing in Italy,2 the method of construction has been handed down. It seems good therefore to explain it and show how the palaestra is planned among the Greeks." + }, + { + "id": 21680, + "la": "In palaestris peristylia quadrata sive oblonga ita sint facienda, uti duorum stadiorum habeant ambulationis circuitionem, quod Graeci vocant diaulon, ex quibus tres porticus simplices disponantur, quarta quae ad meridianas regiones est conversa, duplex, uti, cum tempestates ventosae sint, non possit aspergo in interiorem partem pervenire", + "en": "Square or oblong cloisters3 are to be made4 with a walk round them of two furlongs (this walk the Greeks call diaulos). Three of the sides are to be single colonnades; the fourth which has a south aspect is to be double, so that when rain is accompanied by gales, the drops may not reach the inside." + }, + { + "id": 21681, + "la": "Constituantur autem in tribus porticibus exhedrae spatiosae, habentes sedes, in quibus philosophi, rhetores reliquique, qui studiis delectantur, sedentes disputare possint", + "en": "On the other three sides, spacious exhedrae (apsidal recesses) are to be planned with seats where philosophers, teachers of rhetoric and other studious persons can sit and discuss." + }, + { + "id": 21682, + "la": "In duplici autem porticu conlocentur haec membra: ephebeum in medio (hoc autem est exhedra amplissima cum sedibus) tertia parte longior sit quam lata; sub dextro coryceum, deinde proxime conisterium, a conisterio in versura porticus frigida lavatio, quam Graeci loutron vocitant; ad sinistram ephebei elaeothesium, proxime autem elaeothesium frigidarium, ab eoque iter in propnigeum in versura porticus", + "en": "In the double colonnade, however, these provisions are to be made. In the centre there is to be the ephebeum (a large apsidal recess with seats for young men) a third longer than it is wide; on the right the coryceum (for exercise with the quintain); next to this the conisterium (for athletes to powder themselves); adjoining the conisterium at the angle of the colonnade the cold bath which the Greeks call loutron; at the left of the ephebeum, the elaeothesium (for athletes to oil themselves); next to this is the cold room from which the furnace-room is entered at the angle of the colonnade." + }, + { + "id": 21683, + "la": "Proxime autem introrsus e regione frigidarii conlocetur concamerata sudatio longitudine duplex quam latitudo, quae habeat in versuris ex una parte laconicum ad eundem modum, uti quam supra scriptum est, compositum, ex adverso laconici caldam lavationem", + "en": "Adjoining this on the inside in line with the cold room, a vaulted sweating-room is to be placed, twice as long as it is broad, having in the angle of the colonnade the Laconicum constructed as before described, and opposite this a warm bath." + }, + { + "id": 21684, + "la": "In palaestra peristylia, quemadmodum supra scriptum est, ita debent esse perfecta distributa", + "en": "In the palaestra, the cloisters ought to be thus completed and arranged." + }, + { + "id": 21685, + "la": "Extra autem disponantur porticus tres, una ex peristylo exeuntibus, duae dextra atque sinistra stadiatae, ex quibus una quae spectaverit ad septentrionem, perficiatur duplex amplissima latitudine, altera simplex, ita facta, uti in partibus, quae fuerint circa parietes et quae erit ad columnas, margines habeant uti semitas non minus pedum denum mediumque excavatum, uti gradus sint in descensu marginibus sesquipedem ad planitiem, quae planities sit non minus pedes xii; ita qui vestiti ambulaverint circum in marginibus, non inpedientur ab unctis se exercentibus", + "en": "Outside the palaestra three colonnades are to be arranged; the first, as you go out of the peristyle; right and left of this, two colonnades with running tracks. Of these three the one which has a north aspect, is to be built double and very wide; the others are to be single. On the sides which adjoin the walls and those which adjoin the columns, they are to have borders ten feet wide to serve as paths. The middle part is to be excavated with steps down from the paths to the level track a foot and a half below, and the track is to be not less than 12 feet wide. Thus persons who walk about on the paths in their clothes will not be disturbed by the athletes who use oil." + }, + { + "id": 21686, + "la": "Haec autem porticus xystos apud Graecos vocitatur, quod athletae per hiberna tempora in tectis stadiis exercentur", + "en": "Such a colonnade is called xystos by the Greeks, whose athletes take exercise in the winter on covered tracks." + }, + { + "id": 21687, + "la": "Proxime autem xystum et duplicem porticum designentur hypaethroe ambulationes, quas Graeci paradromidas, nostri xysta appellant, in quas per hiemem ex xysto sereno caelo athletae prodeuntes exercentur", + "en": "Next to the covered track and the double colonnade walks in the open are to be planned (which the Greeks call paradromides and our people xysta). When it is fine weather in winter, the athletes come into the open and take exercise here." + }, + { + "id": 21688, + "la": "Faciunda autem xysta sic videntur, ut sint inter duas porticus silvae aut platanones, et in his perficiantur inter arbores ambulationes ibique ex opere signino stationes", + "en": "The xysta ought to be so laid out that there are plantations or groves of plane trees between the two colonnades. Here walks are to be made among the trees with spaces paved with cement.1" + }, + { + "id": 21689, + "la": "Post xystum autem stadium ita figuratum, ut possint hominum copiae cum laxamento athletas certantes spectare", + "en": "Behind the xystum, the stadium (sports ground) should be so planned that large crowds can comfortably see the competitors." + }, + { + "id": 21690, + "la": "Quae in moenibus necessaria videbantur esse, ut apte disponantur, perscripsi", + "en": "I have now enumerated the buildings required within the city walls and their suitable disposition." + }, + { + "id": 21691, + "la": "De opportunitate autem portuum non est praetermittendum sed, quibus rationibus tueantur naves in his ab tempestatibus, explicandum", + "en": "It remains to deal with the suitable arrangement of harbours,2 and to explain by what means, in these, ships are protected from stormy weather." + }, + { + "id": 21692, + "la": "Hi autem naturaliter si sint bene positi habeantque acroteria sive promunturia procurrentia, ex quibus introrsus curvaturae sive versurae ex loci natura fuerint conformatae, maximas utilitates videntur habere", + "en": "There are great advantages if they are well placed by nature and have headlands (acroteria) jutting out, behind which bays or creeks are formed owing to the nature of the place." + }, + { + "id": 21693, + "la": "Circum enim porticus sive navalia sunt facienda sive ex porticibus aditus emporia, turresque ex utraque parte conlocandae, ex quibus catenae traduci per machinas possint", + "en": "For round these colonnades either docks are to be made, or approaches from the colonnades to the warehouses. On either side towers are to be built from which chains1 (across the harbour) can be drawn by machinery." + }, + { + "id": 21694, + "la": "Sin autem non naturalem locum neque idoneum ad tuendas ab tempestatibus naves habuerimus, ita videtur esse faciendum, uti, si nullum flumen in his locis inpedierit sed erit ex una parte statio, tunc ex altera parte structuris sive aggeribus expediantur progressus, et ita conformandae portuum conclusiones", + "en": "But if we have no natural harbour suitable for protecting ships from a stormy sea, we must proceed as follows. If there is an anchorage on one side without any river mouth to interfere, piers are to be constructed on the other side by masonry or embankments in order to form an enclosed harbour." + }, + { + "id": 21695, + "la": "Eae autem structurae, quae in aqua sunt futurae, videntur sic esse faciendae, uti portetur pulvis a regionibus, quae sunt a Cumis continuatae ad promunturium Minervae, isque misceatur, uti in mortario duo ad unum respondeant", + "en": "The masonry which is to be in the sea must be constructed in this way. Earth2 is to be brought from the district which runs from Cumae to the promontory of Minerva,3 and mixed, in the mortar, two parts to one of lime." + }, + { + "id": 21696, + "la": "Deinde tunc in eo loco, qui definitus erit, arcae stipitibus robusteis et catenis inclusae in aquam demittendae destinandaeque firmiter; deinde inter ea ex trastilis inferior pars sub aqua exaequanda et purganda, et caementis ex mortario materia mixta, quemadmodum supra scriptum est, ibi congerendum, donique conpleatur structurae spatium, quod fuerit inter arcas", + "en": "Then in the place marked out, cofferdams,4 formed of oak piles and tied together with chains, are to be let down into the water and firmly fixed. Next, the lower part between them under the water is to be levelled and cleared with a platform of small beams laid across and the work is to be carried up with stones and mortar as above described, until the space for the structure between the dams is filled." + }, + { + "id": 21697, + "la": "Hoc autem munus naturale habent ea loca, quae supra scripta sunt", + "en": "Such is the natural advantage of the places described above." + }, + { + "id": 21698, + "la": "Sin autem propter fluctus aut impetus aperti pelagi destinae arcas non potuerint continere, tunc ab ipsa terra sive crepidine pulvinus quam firmissime struatur, isque pulvinus exaequata struatur planitia minus quam dimidiae partis, reliquum quod est proxime litus, proclinatum latus habeat", + "en": "But if on account of the breakers or the violence of the open sea, the supports cannot uphold the dams, then a platform is to be laid, as firmly as possible, starting from the edge of the shore or from a breakwater. This platform is to be laid with a level top (towards the sea) less than half its width; towards the shore, it is to have a sloping side." + }, + { + "id": 21699, + "la": "Deinde ad ipsam aquam et latera pulvino circiter sesquipedales margines struantur aequilibres ex planitia, quae est supra scripta; tunc proclinatio ea impleatur harena et exaequetur cum margine et planitia pulvini", + "en": "Then towards the water and on the side of the platform construct margins projecting about one and a half feet level with the top mentioned above. Then the overhanging part is to be filled up underneath with sand and made level with the margin and the surface of the platform." + }, + { + "id": 21700, + "la": "Deinde insuper eam exaequationem pila quam magna constituta fuerit, ibi struatur; eaque, cum erit extructa, relinquatur ne minus duos mensis, ut siccescat", + "en": "Next, a pillar of the size appointed is to be built upon the levelled surface, and when it is finished, it is to be left to set for two months." + }, + { + "id": 21701, + "la": "Tunc autem succidatur margo quae sustinet harenam; ita harena fluctibus subruta efficiet in mare pilae praecipitationem", + "en": "The margin which keeps up the sand is to be cut away: thus the sand is washed away by the waves and causes the pillar to fall into the sea." + }, + { + "id": 21702, + "la": "Hac ratione, quotienscumque opus fuerit, in aquam poterit esse progressus", + "en": "In this way, as often as it is necessary, the pier is carried further into the water." + }, + { + "id": 21703, + "la": "In quibus autem locis pulvis non nascitur, his rationibus erit faciendum, uti arcae duplices relatis tabulis et catenis conligatae in eo loco, qui finitus erit, constituantur, et inter destinas creta in eronibus ex ulva palustri factis calcetur", + "en": "Where, however, the earth in question is not found, we must proceed as follows. Double cofferdams bound together with planks and chains are to be put in the place marked out. Between the supports, clay in hampers1 made of rushes is to be pressed down." + }, + { + "id": 21704, + "la": "Cum ita bene calcatum et quam densissime fuerit, tunc cocleis rotis tympanis conlocatis locus qui ea septione finitus fuerit, exinaniatur sicceturque, et ibi inter septiones fundamenta fodiantur", + "en": "When it is well pressed down and as closely as possible, the place marked out by the enclosure is to be emptied with waterscrews and waterwheels2 with drums, and so dried. Here the foundations are to be dug." + }, + { + "id": 21705, + "la": "Si terrena erunt, usque ad solidum, crassiora quam qui murus supra futurus erit, exinaniatur sicceturque et tunc structura ex caementis calce et harena compleatur", + "en": "If the foundations are on the sea bottom, they are to be emptied and drained to a greater width than the wall to be built upon them, and then the work is to be filled in with concrete of stone lime and sand." + }, + { + "id": 21706, + "la": "Sin autem mollis locus erit, palis ustilatis alneis aut oleagineis configantur et carbonibus compleantur, quemadmodum in theatrorum et muri fundationibus est scriptum", + "en": "But if the bottom is soft the foundations are to be charred piles of alder and olive filled in with charcoal, as prescribed for the foundations of theatres and the city walls." + }, + { + "id": 21707, + "la": "Deinde tunc quadrato saxo murus ducatur iuncturis quam longissimis, uti maxime medii lapides coagmentis contineantur", + "en": "The wall is then raised of squared stone with joints as long as possible, so that the middle stones may be well tied together by the jointing." + }, + { + "id": 21708, + "la": "Tunc, qui locus erit inter murum, ruderatione sive structura compleatur", + "en": "The inside of the wall is then to be filled in with rubble or masonry." + }, + { + "id": 21709, + "la": "Ita erit uti possit turris insuper aedificari", + "en": "Thus it may be possible for a tower to be built upon it." + }, + { + "id": 21710, + "la": "His perfectis navaliorum ea erit ratio, ut constituantur spectantia maxime ad septentrionem; nam meridianae regiones propter aestus cariem, tineam, teredines reliquaque bestiarum nocentium genera procreant alendoque conservant", + "en": "Subsequently the shipyards are to be built and with a northern aspect, as a rule. For southern aspects because of their warmth generate dry rot, wood worms and ship worms with other noxious creatures, and feed and maintain them." + }, + { + "id": 21711, + "la": "Eaque aedificia minime sunt materianda propter incendia", + "en": "Further, such buildings should have very little wood in them because of fire." + }, + { + "id": 21712, + "la": "De magnitudinibus autem finitio nulla debet esse, sed faciunda ad maximum navium modum, uti, etsi maiores naves subductae fuerint, habeant cum laxamento ibi conlocationem", + "en": "As to their dimensions no rule should be laid down. They are to be made to take the largest vessels; so that even if such vessels are drawn ashore, they may have a roomy berth." + }, + { + "id": 21713, + "la": "Quae necessaria ad utilitatem in civitatibus publicorum locorum succurrere mihi potuerunt, quemadmodum constituantur et perficiantur, in hoc volumine scripsi; privatorum autem aedificiorum utilitates et eorum symmetrias insequenti volumine ratiocinabor", + "en": "In this book I have described how the works required for public purpose in cities are to be planned and carried out. The next book1 will consider the requirements of private buildings and their due proportions." + }, + { + "id": 21714, + "la": "doctum ex omnibus solum neque in alienis locis peregrinum neque amissis familiaribus et necessariis inopem amicorum, sed in omni civitate esse civem difficilesque fortunae sine timore posse despicere casus; at qui non doctrinarum sed felicitatis praesidiis putaret se esse vallatum, labidis itineribus vadentem non stabili sed infirma conflictari vita", + "en": "He lays down this principle: that, alone of all mankind, the scholar is no stranger in foreign lands; after losing kinsmen and intimates he still finds friends; he is a citizen in every state, and fearlessly despises the awkward chances of fortune; on the other hand, the man who thinks himself fortified and guarded by good fortune rather than by education, steps along slippery paths and struggles with a life unstable and insecure." + }, + { + "id": 21715, + "la": "Epicurus vero non dissimiliter ait: pauca sapientibus fortunam tribuere, quae autem maxima et necessaria sunt, animi mentisque cogitationibus gubernari", + "en": "Epicurus,1 too, says in a similar strain: the gifts of fortune to the wise are few but great and indispensable, namely, that they be governed by the judgments of the mind and heart." + }, + { + "id": 21716, + "la": "Haec ita etiam plures philosophi dixerunt", + "en": "So also most philosophers have spoken." + }, + { + "id": 21717, + "la": "Non minus poetae, qui antiquas comoedias graece scripserunt, easdem sententias versibus in scaena pronuntiaverunt, ut Crates, Chionides, Aristophanes, maxime etiam cum his Alexis, qui Athenienses ait oportere ideo laudari, quod omnium Graecorum leges cogunt parentes a liberis, Atheniensium non omnes nisi eos, qui liberos artibus erudissent", + "en": "The poets too of old, who wrote Greek comedies, delivered on the stage the same opinions in their verses: Crates,2 for example, Chionides,3 Aristophanes,4 but, most of all, Alexis,5 who says that the Athenians deserve praise because the laws of all the other Greeks compel children to maintain their parents, whereas the laws of Athens only applied to those parents who had their children taught a trade." + }, + { + "id": 21718, + "la": "Omnia enim munera fortunae cum dantur, ab ea faciliter adimuntur; disciplinae vero coniunctae cum animis nullo tempore deficiunt, sed permanent stabiliter ad summum exitum vitae", + "en": "For all gifts of Fortune, as they are bestowed by her, so are they easily withdrawn; but when training is conjoined with mental power, it never fails, but abides secure to the final issue of life." + }, + { + "id": 21719, + "la": "Itaque ego maximas infinitasque parentibus ago atque habeo gratias, quod Atheniensium legem probantes me arte erudiendum curaverunt, et ea, quae non potest esse probata sine litteraturae encyclioque doctrinarum omnium disciplina", + "en": "Therefore, I feel and return great and unbounded gratitude to my parents, because they approved the law of Athens and had me trained in a calling, wherein one cannot pass muster without knowledge of letters, and of the liberal arts." + }, + { + "id": 21720, + "la": "Cum ergo et parentium cura et praeceptorum doctrinis auctas haberem copias disciplinarum, philologis et philotechinis rebus commentariorumque scribturis me delectans eas possessiones animo paravi, e quibus haec est fructuum summa: nullas plus habendi esse necessitates eamque esse proprietatem, divitiarum maxime, nihil desiderare", + "en": "When therefore both the care of my parents and the instruction of my teachers had increased my stock of knowledge, I found delight in literary and technical matters and in the works written upon them, thus acquiring mental possessions of which this is the total profit: that there is no necessity of getting more and more, and that property consists in requiring nothing, least of all, riches." + }, + { + "id": 21721, + "la": "Sed forte nonnulli haec levia iudicantes putant eo esse sapientes, qui pecunia sunt copiosi", + "en": "But some perhaps make light of these considerations and think that those who are wealthy are thereby wise." + }, + { + "id": 21722, + "la": "Itaque plerique ad id propositum contendentes audacia adhibita cum divitiis etiam notitiam sunt consecuti", + "en": "Therefore many persons, striving to that end, combine wealth with assurance, and make the further gain of celebrity." + }, + { + "id": 21723, + "la": "Ego autem, Caesar, non ad pecuniam parandam ex arte dedi studium, sed potius tenuitatem cum bona fama quam abundantiam cum infamia sequendam probavi", + "en": "But, your Highness, I have not studied with the view of making money by my profession; rather have I held that a slight fortune with good repute is to be pursued more than abounding wealth accompanied by disgrace." + }, + { + "id": 21724, + "la": "Ideo notities parum est adsecuta", + "en": "Thus little celebrity has come my way." + }, + { + "id": 21725, + "la": "Sed tamen his voluminibus editis, ut spero, etiam posteris ero notus", + "en": "Yet by publishing these volumes,2 my name will reach, I hope, to after times." + }, + { + "id": 21726, + "la": "Neque est mirandum, quid ita pluribus sim ignotus", + "en": "Nor is there cause for wonder why I am unknown to the general." + }, + { + "id": 21727, + "la": "Ceteri architecti rogant et ambigunt, ut architectent; mihi autem a praeceptoribus est traditum: rogatum, non rogantem oportere suscipere curam, quod ingenuus color movetur pudore petendo rem suspiciosam", + "en": "Other architects beg and wrangle to obtain commissions; but I follow a rule laid down by my masters: not to seek employment but to be sought out; since an open countenance3 changes for shame when a request is made of a doubtful character." + }, + { + "id": 21728, + "la": "Nam beneficium dantes, non accipientes ambiuntur", + "en": "For the giver of a favour is courted, not the receiver." + }, + { + "id": 21729, + "la": "Quid enim putemus suspicari, qui rogetur de patrimonio sumptus faciendos committere gratiae petentis, nisi praedae conpendiique eius causa iudicet faciundum?", + "en": "For what do we think will be suspected by a man who is asked to entrust expenditure at his own cost to the pleasure of the petitioner? Will he not judge that it is to be done for the profit and advantage of the other man?" + }, + { + "id": 21730, + "la": "Itaque maiores primum a genere probatis operam tradebant architectis, deinde quaerebant, si honeste essent educati, ingenuo pudori, non audaciae protervitatis permittendum iudicantes", + "en": "Therefore our forefathers used to entrust commissions to architects of approved descent in the first place; in the second place they inquired if they were well brought up, considering that they should employ men with a sense of honour,1 rather than persons of a bold and insolent turn." + }, + { + "id": 21731, + "la": "Ipsi autem artifices non erudiebant nisi suos liberos aut cognatos et eos viros bonos instituebant, quibus tantarum rerum fidei pecuniae sine dubitatione permitterentur", + "en": "For the craftsmen themselves trained only their own children and kindred, and those apprentices who were so worthy, that large sums could be entrusted without hesitation to their loyalty." + }, + { + "id": 21732, + "la": "Cum autem animadverto ab indoctis et inperitis tantae disciplinae magnitudinem iactari et ab is, qui non modo architecturae sed omnino ne fabricae quidem notitiam habent, non possum non laudare patres familiarum eos, qui litteraturae fiducia confirmati per se aedificantes ita iudicant: si inperitis sit committendum, ipsos potius digniores esse ad suam voluntatem quam ad alienam pecuniae consumere summam", + "en": "But while I observe that an art of such magnificence is professed by persons without training and experience, by those who are ignorant not only of architecture but even of construction, I cannot refrain from praising those owners of estates who, fortified by confidence in their own erudition, build for themselves, judging that if inexperienced persons are to be employed, they themselves are entitled to spend their own capital to their own liking rather than to that of anyone else." + }, + { + "id": 21733, + "la": "Itaque nemo artem ullam aliam conatur domi facere, uti sutrinam, fullonicam aut ex ceteris, quae sunt faciliores, nisi architecturam, ideo quod, qui profitentur, non arte vera sed falso nominantur architecti", + "en": "For no one attempts to practise any other calling at home, such as shoe-making or fulling or any other easy occupation, with the one exception of architecture, because persons who profess it are falsely called architects in the absence of a genuine training." + }, + { + "id": 21734, + "la": "Quas ob res corpus architecturae rationesque eius putavi diligentissime conscribendas, opinans in munus omnibus gentibus non ingratum futurum", + "en": "And so I considered it a duty to compile with care a system and method of architecture, imagining it would serve a purpose generally acceptable." + }, + { + "id": 21735, + "la": "Igitur, quoniam in quinto de opportunitate communium operum perscribsi, in hoc volumine privatorum aedificiorum ratiocinationes et commensus symmetriarum explicabo", + "en": "Therefore since in the fifth book I dealt with the suitable provision of public buildings, in this book I will explain the calculations involved in private buildings and the adjustment of their proportions." + }, + { + "id": 21736, + "la": "Haec autem ita erunt recte disposita, si primo animadversum fuerit, quibus regionibus aut quibus inclinationibus mundi constituantur", + "en": "Now we shall proceed aright herein if first we observe in what regions or latitudes of the world, our work is placed." + }, + { + "id": 21737, + "la": "Namque aliter Aegypto, aliter Hispania, non eodem modo Ponto, dissimiliter Romae, item ceteris terrarum et regionum proprietatibus oportere videntur constitui genera aedificiorum, quod alia parte solis cursu premitur tellus, alia longe ab eo distat, alia per medium temperatur", + "en": "For the style of building ought manifestly to be different in Egypt and Spain, in Pontus and Rome, and in countries and regions of various characters. For in one part the earth is oppressed by the sun in its course; in another part, the earth is far removed from it; in another, it is affected by it at a moderate distance." + }, + { + "id": 21738, + "la": "Igitur, uti constitutio mundi ad terrae spatium in inclinatione signiferi circuli et solis cursu disparibus qualitatibus naturaliter est conlocata, ad eundem modum etiam ad regionum rationes caelique varietates videntur aedificiorum debere dirigi conlocationes", + "en": "Therefore since, in the suns course through the inclination of the zodiac,1 the relation of the heavens to the earth is arranged by nature with varying effects, it appears that in like manner the arrangement of buildings should be guided by the kind of locality and the changes of climate." + }, + { + "id": 21739, + "la": "Sub septentrione aedificia testudinata et maxime conclusa et non patentia, sed conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur", + "en": "Towards the north, buildings, I think, should be vaulted, thoroughly shut in rather than exposed, and with an aspect to the warmer quarter." + }, + { + "id": 21740, + "la": "Contra autem sub inpetu solis meridianis regionibus, quod premuntur a calore, patentiora conversaque ad septentrionem et aquilonem sunt faciunda", + "en": "On the other hand, where the sun is violent in the southern regions because they are oppressed by the heat, buildings should be open to the air with a northern, or north-eastern,2 aspect." + }, + { + "id": 21741, + "la": "Ita, quod ultra natura laedit, arte erit emendandum", + "en": "Thus we may remedy by art the harm that comes by chance." + }, + { + "id": 21742, + "la": "Item reliquis regionibus ad eundem modum temperari, quemadmodum caelum est ad inclinationem mundi conlocatum", + "en": "In other regions also, buildings are to be similarly adjusted to suit the relation of climate to latitude." + }, + { + "id": 21743, + "la": "Haec autem ex natura rerum sunt animadvertenda et consideranda atque etiam ex membris corporibusque gentium observanda", + "en": "Now these things are to be observed and weighed in the light of Nature, and further to be tested by the figure and physique of different peoples." + }, + { + "id": 21744, + "la": "Namque sol quibus locis mediocriter profundit vapores, in his conservat corpora temperata; quaeque proxime currendo deflagrant, eripit exurendo temperaturam umoris; contra vero refrigeratis regionibus, quod absunt a meridie longe, non exhauritur a coloribus umor, sed ex caelo roscidus aer in corpora fundens umorem efficit ampliores corporaturas vocisque sonitus graviores", + "en": "For in those regions where the sun pours forth a moderate heat, he keeps the body duly tempered; where he comes near and the earth scorches, he burns out and removes the moisture; whereas in the cold regions, because they are far distant from the south, the moisture is not drawn out from their complexions, but the dewy air from the sky pours moisture into the body, enlarges the physique and deepens the voice." + }, + { + "id": 21745, + "la": "Ex eo quoque, sub septentrionibus nutriuntur gentes, inmanibus corporibus, candidis coloribus, derecto capillo et rufo, oculis caesis, sanguine multo ab umoris plenitate caelique refrigerationibus sunt conformati; qui autem sunt proximi ad axem meridianum subiectique solis cursui, brevioribus corporibus, colore fusco, crispo capillo, oculis nigris, cruribus validis, sanguine exiguo solis impetu perficiuntur", + "en": "Hence, also, the races of the north receive nourishment, and are characterised by tall stature, fair complexion, straight red hair, blue eyes, fullness of blood, owing to the abundance of moisture and the cool climate. 4. Those, however, who are nearest to the southern climes and under the suns orbit, owing to his violence, have a smaller stature, dark complexion, curly hair, black eyes, strong legs, and thinness of blood." + }, + { + "id": 21746, + "la": "Itaque etiam propter sanguinis exiguitatem timidiores sunt ferro resistere, sed ardores ac febres subferunt sine timore, quod nutrita sunt eorum membra cum fervore; itaque corpora, quae nascuntur sub septentrione, a febri sunt timidiora et inbecilla, sanguinis autem abundantia ferro resistunt sine timore", + "en": "Therefore, also, because of their thin blood, they fear to resist the sword, but endure heat and fever without fear, because their limbs are nourished by heat. Those persons who are born under a northern sky, are weak and more timid in face of fever, but fearlessly resist the sword owing to their fullness of blood." + }, + { + "id": 21747, + "la": "Non minus sonus vocis in generibus gentium dispares et varias habet qualitates, ideo quod terminatio orientis et occidentis circa terrae librationem, qua dividitur pars superior et inferior mundi, habere videtur libratam naturali modo circumitionem, quam etiam mathematici orizonta dicunt", + "en": "In like manner the sound of the voice has varied qualities which differ with different races. And the reason is that the limits between east and west around the level of the earth (where the upper and lower part of the world is divided) seem to have the circumference naturally levelled, and this the astronomers name the horizon." + }, + { + "id": 21748, + "la": "Igitur cum id habemus certum animo sustinentes, ab labro, quod est in regione septentrionali, linea traiecta ad id, quod est supra meridianum axem, ab eoque altera obliqua in altitudinem ad summum cardinem, qui est post stellas septentrionum, sine dubitatione animadvertemus ex eo esse schema trigonii mundo, uti organi, quam sambucen Graeci dicunt", + "en": "Therefore when we have kept this fixed in our mind, let a line be drawn from the margin which is in the north to the margin which is towards the south, and from the latter a second line2 inclined upwards to the pole which is behind the stars of the Great Bear. From this we shall undoubtedly perceive that the world has a triangular lay-out, like the sackbut which the Greeks call sambuc." + }, + { + "id": 21749, + "la": "Itaque quod est spatium proximum imo cardini ab axis linea in meridianis finibus, sub eo loco quae sunt nationes, propter brevitatem altitudinis ad mundum sonitum vocis faciunt tenuem et acutissimum, uti in organo chorda, quae est proxima angulo", + "en": "Therefore if we take the region in the south which is nearest to the lowest point, the nations which are under that quarter, have vocal sounds which are thin and very shrill, because of the small height towards the limit of the universe, like the string of the instrument which is next to the angle." + }, + { + "id": 21750, + "la": "Secundum eam autem reliquae ad mediam Graeciam remissionibus efficiunt in nationibus sonorum cantiones", + "en": "Next to this, the other strings so far as Greece which is in the middle, produce by their relaxation, the pitch of the voice for each nation." + }, + { + "id": 21751, + "la": "Item a medio in ordinem crescendo ad extremos septentriones sub altitudines caeli nationum spiritus sonitibus gravioribus a natura rerum exprimuntur", + "en": "Further, rising regularly from the middle to the height in the furthest north, the national pitch is naturally produced with deeper tones." + }, + { + "id": 21752, + "la": "Ita videtur mundi conceptio tota propter inclinationem consonantissime per solis temperaturam ad harmoniam esse conposita", + "en": "Thus the whole system of the world because of the slope from south to north seems to be most agreeably adjusted to harmony by the temperature of the sun." + }, + { + "id": 21753, + "la": "Igitur quae nationes sunt inter axis meridiani cardinem ab septentrionalis medio positae, uti in diagrammate musico medianae vocis habent sonitum in sermone; quaeque progredientibus ad septentrionem sunt nationes, quod altiores habent distantias mundi, spiritus vocis habentes umore repulsos ad hypatas et proslambanomenos, a natura rerum sonitu graviore coguntur uti; eadem ratione medio progredientibus ad meridiem gentes paranetarum 9que acutissimam sonitus vocis perficiunt tenuitatem", + "en": "Therefore the nations which are placed in the middle between the equator and the north pole have in conversation a middle accent corresponding to the musical diagram; the nations as we move northwards, because they have a greater distance between them and the universe, have a vocal accent driven by greater moisture to the hypatae2 and proslambanomenoe2 and are compelled by Nature to use a deeper voice; in the same way as we progress from the middle to the south, the nations have a very shrill accent corresponding to the paranetae3 and netae." + }, + { + "id": 21754, + "la": "Hoc autem verum esse, ex umidis naturae locis graviora fieri et ex fervidis acutiora, licet ita experiendo animadvertere", + "en": "We can observe by experiment that heavier and deeper effects arise in damp places, and lighter and shriller effects in hot places." + }, + { + "id": 21755, + "la": "Calices duo in una fornace aeque cocti aequoque pondere ad crepitumque uno sonitu sumantur", + "en": "Let two cups be taken equally burnt in one kiln of equal weight, and of the same sound when struck." + }, + { + "id": 21756, + "la": "Ex his unus in aquam demittatur, postea ex aqua eximatur; tunc utrique tangantur", + "en": "Of these let one be plunged into water and then taken out of the water. Then let both be struck." + }, + { + "id": 21757, + "la": "Cum enim ita factum fuerit, largiter inter eos sonitus discrepabit, aequoque pondere non poterunt esse", + "en": "When this is done, there will be a considerable difference of sound between them, and they will differ in weight." + }, + { + "id": 21758, + "la": "Ita et hominum corpora uno genere figurationis et una mundi coniunctione concepta alia propter regionis ardorem acutum spiritum aeris exprimunt tactu, alia propter umoris abundantiam gravissimas effundunt sonorum qualitates", + "en": "So also the bodies of human beings born of the same shape and under the same conjunction of the heavens will vary: some on account of the heat of the region have, under its influence, an acute or shrill accent, others on account of the abundant moisture, pour forth the heaviest or deepest utterances." + }, + { + "id": 21759, + "la": "Item propter tenuitatem caeli meridianae nationes ex acuta fervore mente expeditius celeriusque moventur ad consiliorum cogitationes; septentrionalis autem gentes infusae crassitudine caeli, propter obstantiam aeris umore refrigeratae stupentes habent mentes", + "en": "Southern nations also, owing to the rarity of the atmosphere, with minds rendered acute by the heat, are more readily and swiftly moved to the imagination of expedients; but northern peoples steeped in a thick climate amid reluctant air, are chilled by the damp, and have sluggish minds." + }, + { + "id": 21760, + "la": "Hoc autem ita esse a serpentibus licet aspicere, quae, per calorem cum exhaustam habent umoris refrigerationem, tunc acerrime moventur, per brumalia autem et hiberna tempora ab mutatione caeli refrigerata, inmota sunt stupore", + "en": "We can observe this in the case of snakes: they move quickest when the heat has drawn away the damp with its chilling effect; but in the rainy and wintry seasons they are chilled by the change of climate, and are sluggish and motionless." + }, + { + "id": 21761, + "la": "Ita non est mirandum, si acutiores efficit calidus aer hominum mentes, refrigeratus autem contra tardiores", + "en": "Hence we need not wonder if warm air renders the human mind more acute, and a cool air impedes" + }, + { + "id": 21762, + "la": "Cum sint autem meridianae nationes animis acutissimis infinitaque sollertia consiliorum, simul ad fortitudinem ingrediuntur, ibi succumbunt, quod habent exuctas ab sole animorum virtutes; qui vero refrigeratis nascuntur regionibus, ad armorum vehementiam paratiores sunt; magnis virtutibus sunt sine timore, sed tarditate animi sine considerantia inruentes sine sollertia suis consiliis refragantur", + "en": "Now while the southern peoples are of acute intelligence and infinite resource, they give way when courage is demanded because their strength is drained away by the sun; but those who are born in colder regions, by their fearless courage are better equipped for the clash of arms, yet by their slowness of mind they rush on without reflection, and through lack of tactics are balked of their purpose." + }, + { + "id": 21763, + "la": "Cum ergo haec ita sint ab natura rerum in mundo conlocata et omnes nationes inmoderatis mixtionibus disparatae, vero inter spatium totius orbis terrarum regionisque medio mundi populus Romanus possidet fines", + "en": "Since, therefore, the disposition of the world is such by Nature, and all other nations differ by their unbalanced temperament,1 it is in the true mean within the space of all the world and the regions of the earth, that the Roman people holds its territories." + }, + { + "id": 21764, + "la": "Namque temperatissimae ad utramque partem et corporum membris animorumque vigoribus pro fortitudine sunt in Italia gentes", + "en": "For in Italy the inhabitants are exactly tempered in either direction, both in the structure of the body, and by their strength of mind in the matter of endurance and courage." + }, + { + "id": 21765, + "la": "Quemadmodum enim Iovis stella inter Martis ferventissimam et Saturni frigidissimam media currens temperatur, eadem ratione Italia inter septentrionalem meridianamque ab utraque parte mixtionibus temperatas et invictas habet laudes", + "en": "For just as the planet Jupiter is tempered by running in the middle between the heat of Mars and the cold of Saturn, in the same manner Italy presents good qualities2 which are tempered by admixture from either side both north and south, and are consequently unsurpassed." + }, + { + "id": 21766, + "la": "Itaque consiliis refringit barbarorum virtutes, forti manu meridianorum cogitationes", + "en": "And so, by its policy, it curbs the courage of the northern barbarians; by its strength, the imaginative south." + }, + { + "id": 21767, + "la": "Ita divina mens civitatem populi Romani egregiam temperatamque regionem conlocavit, uti orbis terrarum imperii potiretur", + "en": "Thus the divine mind has allotted to the Roman state an excellent and temperate region in order to rule the world." + }, + { + "id": 21768, + "la": "Quodsi ita est, uti dissimiles regiones ab inclinationibus caeli variis generibus sint comparatae, ut etiam naturae gentium disparibus animis et corporum figuris qualitatibusque nascerentur, non dubitemus aedificiorum quoque rationes ad nationum gentiumque proprietates apte distribuere, cum habeamus ab ipsa rerum natura sollertem et expeditam monstrationem", + "en": "But if regions differing in climate are assigned to different nations so that the natures of peoples that arise, should vary in mind, and in shape and quality of body, we shall not hesitate to arrange the methods of our buildings also, to suit the characters of nations and peoples, since from Nature herself we have skilled and ready guidance." + }, + { + "id": 21769, + "la": "Quoad potui summa ratione proprietates locorum ab natura rerum dispositas animadvertere, exposui, et, quemadmodum ad solis cursum et inclinationes caeli oporteat ad gentium figuras constituere aedificiorum qualitates, dixi; itaque nunc singulorum generum in aedificiis conmensus symmetriarum et universos et separatos breviter explicabo", + "en": "As far as I could observe systematically regional characteristics ordained by Nature, I have expounded them, and have said how, in reference to the suns course and the differences of climate, we ought to determine the style of our house so as to suit the needs of the body. It remains now to explain in brief, both generally and particularly, the symmetrical adjustment of the several methods of building." + }, + { + "id": 21770, + "la": "Nulla architecto maior cura esse debet, nisi uti proportionibus ratae partis habeant aedificia rationum exactiones", + "en": "The architects greatest care must be that his buildings should have their design determined by the proportions of a fixed unit." + }, + { + "id": 21771, + "la": "Cum ergo constituta symmetriarum ratio fuerit et conmensus ratiocinationibus explicati, tum etiam acuminis est proprium providere ad naturam loci aut usum aut speciem, adiectionibus temperaturas efficere, cum de symmetria sit detractum aut adiectum, uti id videatur recte esse formatum in aspectuque nihil desideretur", + "en": "When therefore account has been taken of the symmetries of the design and the dimensions have been worked out by calculation, it is then the business of his skill to have regard to the nature of the site, either for use or beauty, to produce a proper balance by adjustment, adding or subtracting from the symmetry of the design, so that it may seem to be rightly planned and the elevation1 may lack nothing." + }, + { + "id": 21772, + "la": "Alia enim ad manum species videtur, alia in excelso, non eadem in concluso, dissimilis in aperto, in quibus magni iudicii est opera, quid tandem sit faciundum", + "en": "For one kind of appearance is seen near at hand; another, in a lofty building; yet another in a confined site; a different one in an open site. And it is the business of a fine judgment to determine exactly what is to be done in these cases." + }, + { + "id": 21773, + "la": "Non enim veros videtur habere visus effectus, sed fallitur saepius iudicio ab eo mens", + "en": "For the eyes do not appear to bring accurate results, but the judgment is often deceived by it:" + }, + { + "id": 21774, + "la": "Quemadmodum etiam in scenis pictis videntur columnarum proiecturae, mutulorum ecphorae, signorum figurae prominentes, cum sit tabula sine dubio ad regulam plana", + "en": "just as when, in the paintings of stages, there seem to be projecting columns, corbelled mutules, outstanding shapes of statues, although the picture is undoubtedly vertical and regular." + }, + { + "id": 21775, + "la": "Similiter in navibus remi, cum sint sub aqua directi, tamen oculis infracti videntur; et quatenus eorum partes tangunt summam planitiem liquoris, apparent, uti sunt, directi, cum vero sub aqua sunt dimissi, per naturae perlucidam raritatem remittunt enatantes ab suis corporibus fluentes imagines ad summam aquae planitiem, atque eae ibi commotae efficere videntur infractum remorum oculis aspectum", + "en": "Similarly in the case of ships, when the oars are put straight in the water, yet to the eyes they seem broken: until their parts touch the topmost level of the liquid, they appear straight, as indeed they are, but when they are let down under the water, owing to the transparent thinness of the element, they send back images1 flowing from their substance, which float at the topmost level of the water, and being there disturbed, they seem to the eyes to produce a broken appearance of the oars." + }, + { + "id": 21776, + "la": "Hoc autem sive simulacrorum inpulsu seu radiorum ex oculis effusionibus, uti physicis placet, videmus, utramque rationem videtur ita esse, uti falsa iudicia oculorum habeat aspectus", + "en": "Now whether we see by the impression of images upon the eye, or by the effusion of rays from the eyes, as the natural philosophers teach us, both explanations suggest that the vision of the eyes gives false judgments." + }, + { + "id": 21777, + "la": "Cum ergo, quae sunt vera, falsa videantur et nonnulla aliter quam sunt oculis probentur, non puto oportere esse dubium, quin ad locorum naturas aut necessitates detractiones aut adiectiones fieri debeant, sed ita, uti nihil in his operibus desideretur", + "en": "Since, therefore, what is real seems false, and some things are approved by the eyes as other than they really are, I do not think it should be doubtful that we ought to add or subtract, as needed by the nature or requirements of our sites:" + }, + { + "id": 21778, + "la": "Haec autem etiam ingeniorum acuminibus, non solum doctrinis efficiuntur", + "en": "but this is done by native skill and not by rule alone." + }, + { + "id": 21779, + "la": "Igitur statuenda est primum ratio symmetriarum, a qua sumatur sine dubitatione commutatio, deinde explicetur operis futuri locorum unum spatium longitudinis, cuius semel constituta fuerit magnitudo, sequatur eam proportionis ad decorem apparatio, uti non sit considerantibus aspectus eurythmiae dubius", + "en": "We must therefore first determine the method of the symmetries, from which these modifications are to be correctly deduced. Then the unit2 of length for the site of the future work is to be set forth. When the magnitude of this is once determined, there will follow upon it the adjustment of the proportions to the decor so that the appearance of eurythmy3 may be convincing to the observer." + }, + { + "id": 21780, + "la": "De qua, quibus rationibus efficiatur, est mihi pronuntiandum, primumque de cavis aedium, uti fieri debeant, dicam", + "en": "How this result is to be attained, it is now my duty to show, and I will first speak on the right arrangement of the courtyards of houses" + }, + { + "id": 21781, + "la": "Cava aedium quinque generibus sunt distincta, quorum ita figurae nominantur: tuscanicum, corinthium, tetrastylon, displuviatum, testudinatum", + "en": "The courtyards of houses are of five different styles, and the names of them are as follows: Tuscan, Corinthian, Tetrastyle, Displuviate, Vaulted." + }, + { + "id": 21782, + "la": "Tuscanica sunt, in quibus trabes in atrii latitudine traiectae habeant interpensiva et collicias ab angulis parietum ad angulos tignorum incurrentes, item asseribus stillicidiorum in medium conpluvium deiectus", + "en": "The Tuscan are those in which the beams which are carried across the atrium have trimmers1 to them and valleys2 running down from the angles of the walls to the angles of the beams; thus there is a delivery of the rainfall from the eaves into the middle of the court." + }, + { + "id": 21783, + "la": "In corinthiis isdem rationibus trabes et conpluvia conlocantur, sed a parietibus trabes recedentes in circuitione circa columnas componuntur", + "en": "In the Corinthian3 manner, the beams and open space4 are arranged in the same way, but the beams, starting from the walls, are fixed upon columns surrounding the open space." + }, + { + "id": 21784, + "la": "Tetrastyla sunt, quae subiectis sub trabibus angularibus columnis et utilitatem trabibus et firmitatem praestant, quod neque ipsae magnum impetum coguntur habere neque ab interpensivis onerantur", + "en": "The tetrastyle courtyards have angle columns under the beams, which gain thereby in usefulness and strength, because they are not compelled to bear great pressure and are not loaded by the trimmers." + }, + { + "id": 21785, + "la": "Displuviata autem sunt, in quibus deliquiae aream sustinentes stillicidia reiciunt", + "en": "Displuviate courtyards are those in which the rafters which support the frame of the opening carry the gutters down." + }, + { + "id": 21786, + "la": "Haec hibernaculis maxime praestant utilitates, quod compluvia eorum erecta non obstant luminibus tricliniorum", + "en": "They are very advantageous for winter apartments because the central openings are raised and do not impede the lights of the triclinia." + }, + { + "id": 21787, + "la": "Sed ea habent in refectionibus molestiam magnam, quod circa parietes stillicidia defluentia, continent fistulae, quae non celeriter recipiunt ex canalibus aquam defluentem itaque redundantes restagnant, et intestinum et parietes in eis generibus aedificiorum corrumpunt", + "en": "But there is this disadvantage in the upkeep: when the rain-water flows down, the pipes round the walls receive it, but do not quickly take the water flowing from the channels; as they receive it, they are clogged with the surplus water. Consequently the joiners work and the walls are damaged." + }, + { + "id": 21788, + "la": "Testudinata vero ibi fiunt, ubi non sunt impetus magni et in contignationibus supra spatiosae redduntur habitationes", + "en": "Vaulted courtyards are employed when the span is not great, and they furnish roomy apartments in the story above." + }, + { + "id": 21789, + "la": "Atriorum vero latitudines ac longitudines tribus generibus formantur", + "en": "The length and breadth of the atrium1 is planned in three ways." + }, + { + "id": 21790, + "la": "Et primum genus distribuitur, uti, longitudo cum in quinque partes divisa fuerit, tres partes latitudini dentur; alterum, cum in tres partes dividatur, duae partes latitudini tribuantur; tertium, uti latitudo in quadrato paribus lateribus describatur inque eo quadrato diagonius linea ducatur, et quantum spatium habuerit ea linea diagonii, tanta longitudo atrio detur", + "en": "The first arrangement is to divide the length into five parts, and to give three of these to the width; the second divides the length into three parts and assigns two to the width; in the third arrangement a square is described upon the width, and the diagonal of the square is drawn: whatever is the size of the diagonal supplies the length of the atrium." + }, + { + "id": 21791, + "la": "Altitudo eorum, quanta longitudo fuerit quarta dempta, sub trabes extollatur; reliquum lacunariorum et arcae supra trabes ratio habeatur", + "en": "The height of the atrium to the underside of the beams is to be three-quarters of the length. The remaining quarter is to be assigned as the dimension of the ceiling and of the roof, above the beams." + }, + { + "id": 21792, + "la": "Alis dextra ac sinistra latitudinis, cum sit atrii longitudo ab xxx pedibus ad pedes xl, ex tertia parte eius constituatur", + "en": "The width of the alae or wings, on the right and the left, is to be one-third of the length of the atrium when it is from 30 to 40 feet;" + }, + { + "id": 21793, + "la": "Ab xl ad pedes l longitudo dividatur in partes tres s, ex his una pars alis detur", + "en": "from 40 to 50 feet the length is to be divided into three parts and a half, and one is to be given to the alae." + }, + { + "id": 21794, + "la": "Cum autem erit longitudo ab quinquaginta pedibus ad sexaginta, quarta pars longitudinis alis tribuatur", + "en": "When the length is from 50 to 60 feet, a fourth part is to be assigned to the alae." + }, + { + "id": 21795, + "la": "A pedibus lx ad lxxx longitudo dividatur in partes quattuor et dimidiam, ex his una pars fiat alarum latitudo", + "en": "From 60 to 80 feet let the length be divided into four parts and a half: of these one is to be the width of the alae." + }, + { + "id": 21796, + "la": "A pedibus octoginta ad pedes centum in quinque partes divisa longitudo iustam constituerit latitudinem alarum", + "en": "From 80 to 100 feet the length divided into five parts will determine the breadth of the alae." + }, + { + "id": 21797, + "la": "Trabes earum liminares ita altae ponantur, ut altitudine latitudinibus sint aequales", + "en": "The lintel beams are to be placed so high, that, in height, the alae are equal to their breadth." + }, + { + "id": 21798, + "la": "Tablinum, si latitudo atrii erit pedum viginti, dempta tertia eius spatio reliquum tribuatur", + "en": "The tablinum or alcove, if the breadth of the atrium is 20 feet, must be two-thirds in width." + }, + { + "id": 21799, + "la": "Si erit ab pedibus xxx ad xl, ex atrii latitudine tablino dimidium tribuatur", + "en": "If the breadth of the atrium is 30 to 40 feet, half is to be given to the alcove." + }, + { + "id": 21800, + "la": "Cum autem ab xl ad lx, latitudo dividatur in partes quinque, ex his duo tablino constituantur", + "en": "When the breadth is from 40 to 60, two-fifths are to be assigned to the alcove." + }, + { + "id": 21801, + "la": "Non enim atria minora ab maioribus easdem possunt habere symmetriarum rationes", + "en": "For the smaller atria cannot have the same kind of symmetry as the larger." + }, + { + "id": 21802, + "la": "Si enim maioribus symmetriis utemur in minoribus, neque tablino neque alae utilitatem poterunt habere, sin autem minorum in maioribus utemur, vasta et inmania in his ea erunt membra", + "en": "For if we use the symmetry of the larger atria in the smaller, it cannot be useful for the alcove or the wing. But if we use the symmetry of the smaller in the larger, the details will be huge and monstrous." + }, + { + "id": 21803, + "la": "Itaque generatim magnitudinum rationes exquisitas et utilitati et aspectui conscribendas putavi", + "en": "Therefore I thought that according to their kinds the exact dimensions should be registered with a view both to use and to effect." + }, + { + "id": 21804, + "la": "Altitudo tablini ad trabem adiecta latitudinis octava constituatur", + "en": "The height of the alcove to the cornice is to be one-eighth more than its breadth." + }, + { + "id": 21805, + "la": "Lacunaria eius tertia latitudinis ad altitudinem adiecta extollantur", + "en": "The panelled ceiling is to be raised higher than the cornices by one-third of the breadth." + }, + { + "id": 21806, + "la": "Fauces minoribus atriis e tablini latitudine dempta tertia, maioribus dimidia constituantur", + "en": "The main entrance for smaller atria is to be two-thirds of the width of the alcove; for larger atria, one-half." + }, + { + "id": 21807, + "la": "Imagines item alte cum suis ornamentis ad latitudinem sint constitutae", + "en": "The portraits with their ornaments are to be fixed above at a height equal to the breadth of the alae." + }, + { + "id": 21808, + "la": "Latitudines ostiorum ad altitudinem; si dorica erunt, uti dorica, si ionica erunt, uti ionica perficiantur, quemadmodum de thyromatis in quibus quarto libro rationes symmetriarum sunt expositae", + "en": "The relation of the breadth to the height of the doors is to be in the Doric manner for Doric buildings, in the Ionic, for Ionic buildings, as in the case of Greek doorways of which the symmetrical relations have been set out in the fourth book.1" + }, + { + "id": 21809, + "la": "Conpluvii lumen latum latitudinis atrii ne minus quarta, ne plus tertia parte relinquatur; longitudo, uti atrii pro rata parte fiat", + "en": "The width of the opening of the compluvium is to be not less than a fourth, nor more than a third, of the width of the atrium; the length, in proportion to the atrium." + }, + { + "id": 21810, + "la": "Peristyla autem in transverso tertia parte longiora sint quam introssus", + "en": "The peristyles2 lie crosswise, and should be one-third wider than they are deep." + }, + { + "id": 21811, + "la": "Columnae tam altae quam porticus latae fuerint peristyliorum; intercolumnia ne minus trium, ne plus quattuor columnarum crassitudine inter se distent", + "en": "The height of the columns is to be the same as the breadth of the colonnade of the peristyle. The inter-columniations are to extend not less than three or more than four diameters of the columns." + }, + { + "id": 21812, + "la": "Sin autem dorico more in peristylo columnae erunt faciundae, uti in quarto libro de doricis scripsi, ita moduli sumantur, et ad eos modulos triglyphorumque rationes disponantur", + "en": "But if the columns in the peristyle are to be in the Doric style, the modules are to be taken as I described in the fourth book1 about Doric detail, and the columns and triglyphs arranged accordingly." + }, + { + "id": 21813, + "la": "Tricliniorum quanta latitudo fuerit, bis tanta longitudo fieri debebit", + "en": "The length of triclinia, or dining-rooms, must be twice their width." + }, + { + "id": 21814, + "la": "Altitudines omnium conclaviorum, quae oblonga fuerint, sic habere debent rationem, uti longitudinis et latitudinis mensura componatur et ex ea summa dimidium sumatur, et quantum fuerit, tantum altitudini detur", + "en": "The height of all apartments which are oblong must be so arranged that the length and breadth are added together; of this sum half is taken, and this gives the height." + }, + { + "id": 21815, + "la": "Sin autem exhedrae aut oeci quadrati fuerint, latitudinis dimidia addita altitudines educantur", + "en": "But if they shall be exedrae or square oeci,2 the height is to be one and a half times the width." + }, + { + "id": 21816, + "la": "Pinacothecae uti exhedrae amplis magnitudinibus sunt constituendae", + "en": "Picture galleries (like exedrae) are to be made of ample dimensions." + }, + { + "id": 21817, + "la": "Oeci corinthii tetrastylique quique aegyptii vocantur latitudinis et longitudinis, uti supra tricliniorum symmetriae scriptae sunt, ita habeant rationem, sed propter columnarum interpositiones spatiosiores constituantur", + "en": "Corinthian and tetrastyle halls and those which are called Egyptian, are to have the same proportion of length and breadth as in the description of the triclinia, but owing to the use of columns they are to be more spacious." + }, + { + "id": 21818, + "la": "Inter corinthios autem et aegyptios hoc erit discrimen", + "en": "There is this difference between a Corinthian and an Egyptian oecus." + }, + { + "id": 21819, + "la": "Corinthii simplices habent columnas aut in podio positas aut in imo; supraque habeant epistylia et coronas aut ex intestino opere aut albario, praeterea supra coronas curva lacunaria ad circinum delumbata", + "en": "The Corinthian has one row of columns placed either upon a stylobate or upon the ground. Above, it is to have architraves and cornices either of fine joinery or plaster, and above the cornices, curved ceilings rounded to a circular section." + }, + { + "id": 21820, + "la": "In aegyptiis autem supra columnas epistylia et ab epistyliis ad parietes, qui sunt circa, inponenda est contignatio, supra coaxationem pavimentum, subdiu ut sit circumitus", + "en": "In the Egyptian saloons, however, architraves are placed above the columns, and floor joists are to be carried from the architraves to the walls opposite. On the floor boards a pavement is to be laid that there may be a balcony in the open." + }, + { + "id": 21821, + "la": "Deinde supra epistylium ad perpendiculum inferiorum columnarum inponendae sunt minores quarta parte columna", + "en": "Then above the architrave, and perpendicularly above the lower columns, columns one-fourth shorter are to be placed." + }, + { + "id": 21822, + "la": "Supra earum epistylia et ornamenta lacunariis ornantur, et inter columnas superiores fenestrae conlocantur; ita basilicarum ea similitudo, non corinthiorum tricliniorum videtur esse", + "en": "Above their architraves and ornaments they have panelled ceilings, and windows are placed between the upper columns. Thus the Egyptian halls resemble basilicas1 rather than Corinthian apartments." + }, + { + "id": 21823, + "la": "Fiunt autem etiam non italicae consuetudinis oeci, quos Graeci cyzicenos appellant", + "en": "Other halls in a foreign manner are those which the Greeks call Cyzicene." + }, + { + "id": 21824, + "la": "Hi conlocantur spectantes ad septentrionem et maxime viridia prospicientes, valvasque habent in medio", + "en": "These are situated with a north aspect, and especially with an outlook upon gardens; they have folding windows in the middle." + }, + { + "id": 21825, + "la": "Ipsi autem sunt ita longi et lati, uti duo triclinia cum circumitionibus inter se spectantia possint esse conlocata, habentque dextra ac sinistra lumina fenestrarum valvata, uti de tectis per spatia fenestrarum viridia prospiciantur", + "en": "The halls themselves are broad and long enough to have two triclinia facing each other, with room to pass round; and these, on both hands, have garden windows with folding lights, so that the guests, under cover,2 may have a view of the garden." + }, + { + "id": 21826, + "la": "Altitudinis eorum dimidia latitudinis addita constituuntur", + "en": "The height of the hall must be one and a half times its width." + }, + { + "id": 21827, + "la": "In his aedificiorum generibus omnes sunt faciendae earum symmetriarum rationes, quae sine inpeditione loci fieri poterunt, luminaque, parietum altitudinibus si non obscurabuntur, faciliter erunt explicata; sin autem inpedientur ab angustiis aut aliis necessitatibus, tunc erit ut ingenio et acumine de symmetriis detractiones aut adiectiones fiant, uti non dissimiles veris symmetriis perficiantur venustates", + "en": "In buildings of this kind, all the rules of symmetry must be followed, which are allowed by the site, and the windows will be easily arranged unless they are darkened by high walls opposite. But if they are obstructed by the narrowness of the street or by other inconveniences, skill and resource must alter the proportions by decreasing or adding, so that an elegance may be attained in harmony with the proper proportions." + }, + { + "id": 21828, + "la": "Nunc explicabimus, quibus proprietatibus genera aedificiorum ad usum et caeli regiones apte debeant exspectare", + "en": "Now we will explain the adjustments by which the various apartments may look out suitably to their proper aspects." + }, + { + "id": 21829, + "la": "Hiberna triclinia et balnearia uti occidentem hibernum spectent, ideo quod vespertino lumine opus est uti, praeterea quod etiam sol occidens adversus habens splendorem, calorem remittens efficit vespertino tempore regionem tepidiorem", + "en": "The baths and winter dining-rooms should look towards the winter setting sun, because there is need of the evening light. Besides, when the setting sun faces us with its splendour, it reflects the heat and renders this aspect warmer in the evening." + }, + { + "id": 21830, + "la": "Cubicula et bybliothecae ad orientem spectare debent; usus enim matutinum postulat lumen, item in bybliothecis libri non putrescent", + "en": "Private rooms2 and libraries should look to the east, for their purpose demands the morning light. Further, the books in libraries will not decay." + }, + { + "id": 21831, + "la": "Nam quaecumque ad meridiem et occidentem spectant, ab tiniis et umore libri vitiantur, quod venti umidi advenientes procreant eas et alunt infundentesque umidos spiritus pallore volumina conrumpunt", + "en": "For in apartments which look to the south and west, books are damaged by the bookworm and by damp, which are caused by the moist winds on their approach, and they make the papyrus rolls mouldy by diffusing moist air." + }, + { + "id": 21832, + "la": "Triclinia verna et autumnalia ad orientem; tum enim praetenta luminibus adversus solis impetus progrediens ad occidentem efficit ea temperata ad id tempus, quo opus solitum est uti", + "en": "The spring and autumn dining-rooms should look to the east. For exposed as they are to the light, the full power of the sun moving to the west renders them temperate at the time when the need to use them is customary." + }, + { + "id": 21833, + "la": "Aestiva ad septentrionem, quod ea regio, non ut reliquae per solstitium propter calorem efficiuntur aestuosae, ea quod est aversa a solis cursu, semper refrigerata et salubritatem et voluptatem in usu praestat", + "en": "The summer dining-rooms should have a northern aspect. For while the other aspects, at the solstice, are rendered oppressive by the heat, the northern aspect, because it is turned away from the suns course, is always cool, and is healthy3 and pleasant in use." + }, + { + "id": 21834, + "la": "Non minus pinacothecae et plumariorum textrina pictorumque officinae, uti colores eorum in opere propter constantiam luminis inmutata permaneant qualitate", + "en": "Not less should the picture galleries, the weaving-rooms of the embroiderers, the studios of painters, have a north aspect, so that, in the steady light, the colours in their work may remain of unimpaired quality." + }, + { + "id": 21835, + "la": "Cum ad regiones caeli ita ea fuerint disposita, tunc etiam animadvertendum est, quibus rationibus privatis aedificiis propria loca patribus familiarum et quemadmodum communia cum extraneis aedificari debeant", + "en": "When we have arranged our plan with a view to aspect, we must go on to consider how, in private buildings, the rooms belonging to the family, and how those which are shared with visitors, should be planned." + }, + { + "id": 21836, + "la": "Namque ex his quae propria sunt, in ea non est potestas omnibus intro eundi nisi invitatis, quemadmodum sunt cubicula, triclinia, balneae ceteraque, quae easdem habent usus rationes", + "en": "For into the private rooms no one can come uninvited, such as the bedrooms, dining-rooms, baths and other apartments which have similar purposes." + }, + { + "id": 21837, + "la": "Communia autem sunt, quibus etiam invocati suo iure de populo possunt venire, id est vestibula, cava aedium, peristylia, quaeque eundem habere possunt usum", + "en": "The common rooms are those into which, though uninvited, persons of the people can come by right, such as vestibules,1 courtyards, peristyles and other apartments of similar uses." + }, + { + "id": 21838, + "la": "Igitur is, qui communi sunt fortuna, non necessaria magnifica vestibula nec tabulina neque atria, quod in aliis officia praestant ambiundo neque ab aliis ambiuntur", + "en": "Therefore magnificent vestibules and alcoves and halls are not necessary to persons of a common fortune, because they pay their respects by visiting among others, and are not visited by others." + }, + { + "id": 21839, + "la": "Qui autem fructibus rusticis serviunt, in eorum vestibulis stabula, tabernae, in aedibus cryptae, horrea, apothecae ceteraque, quae ad fructus servandos magis quam ad elegantiae decorem possunt esse, ita sunt facienda", + "en": "But those who depend upon country produce must have stalls for cattle and shops in the forecourt, and, within the main building, cellars, barns, stores2 and other apartments which are for the storage of produce rather than for an elegant effect." + }, + { + "id": 21840, + "la": "Item feneratoribus et publicanis commodiora et speciosiora et ab insidiis tuta, forensibus autem et disertis elegantiora et spatiosiora ad conventos excipiundos, nobilibus vero, qui honores magistratusque gerundo praestare debent officia civibus, faciunda sunt vestibula regalia alta, atria et peristylia amplissima, silvae ambulationesque laxiores ad decorem maiestatis perfectae; praeterea bybliothecas, basilicas non dissimili modo quam publicorum operum magnificentia comparatas, quod in domibus eorum saepius et publica consilia et privata iudicia arbitriaque conficiuntur", + "en": "Again, the houses of bankers and farmers of the revenue should be more spacious and imposing and safe from burglars. Advocates and professors of rhetoric should be housed with distinction, and in sufficient space to accommodate their audiences. For persons of high rank who hold office and magistracies, and whose duty it is to serve the state, we must provide princely vestibules, lofty halls and very spacious peristyles, plantations and broad avenues finished in a majestic manner; further, libraries and basilicas arranged in a similar fashion with the magnificence of public structures, because, in such palaces, public deliberations and private trials and judgments are often transacted." + }, + { + "id": 21841, + "la": "Ergo si his rationibus ad singulorum generum personas, uti in libro primo de decore est scriptum, ita disposita erunt aedificia, non erit quod reprehendatur; habebunt enim ad omnes res commodas et emendatas explicationes", + "en": "Therefore if buildings are planned with a view to the status of the client, as was set forth in the first book under the head of decor,1 we shall escape censure. For our rules will be convenient and exact in every respect." + }, + { + "id": 21842, + "la": "Earum autem rerum non solum erunt in urbe aedificiorum rationes, sed etiam ruri, praeterquam quod in urbe atria proxima ianuis solent esse, ruri ab pseudourbanis statim peristylia, deinde tunc atria habentia circum porticus pavimentatas spectantes ad palaestras et ambulationes", + "en": "Moreover, we shall take account of these matters, not only when we build in town, but in the country; except that, in town, the halls adjoin the entrance, in the country the peristyles of mansions built town-fashion come first, then the atria surrounded by paved colonnades overlooking the palaestra and the promenades." + }, + { + "id": 21843, + "la": "Quoad potui urbanas rationes aedificiorum summatim perscribere, proposui; nunc rusticorum expeditionum, ut sint ad usum commodae quibusque rationibus conlocare oporteat eas, dicam", + "en": "I have set forth as I am able the general methods of building in town. I will now state the methods of building in the country,2 with a view to convenience in use, and especially to the disposition of the site." + }, + { + "id": 21844, + "la": "primum de salubritatibus, uti in primo volumine de moenibus conlocandis scribtum est, regiones aspiciantur et ita villae conlocentur", + "en": "And first with respect to salubrity: the aspects of sites must be examined, and the farm-houses placed, as we have written in the first volume about the positions of town walls." + }, + { + "id": 21845, + "la": "Magnitudines earum ad modum agri copiasque fructuum conparentur", + "en": "The size of a farmhouse is to be arranged to suit the amount of land and of the crops." + }, + { + "id": 21846, + "la": "Chortes magnitudinesque earum ad pecorum numerum, atque quot iuga boum opus fuerint ibi versari, ita finiantur", + "en": "The farm-yards and their dimensions are to correspond to the number of cattle and the yoke of oxen which are required." + }, + { + "id": 21847, + "la": "In chorte culina quam calidissimo loco designetur", + "en": "In the farmyard the warmest place must be assigned to the kitchen, and," + }, + { + "id": 21848, + "la": "Coniuncta autem habeat bubilia, quorum praesepia ad focum et orientis caeli regionem spectent, ideo quod boves lumen et ignem spectando horridi non fiunt; item agricolae regionum inperiti non putant oportere aliam regionem caeli boves spectare nisi ortum solis", + "en": "adjoining this, to the cowhouses,1 the mangers of which are to look towards the hearth and towards the east, for cattle which face light and heat do not lose their sleekness. And even farmers who are ignorant about aspects, do not think that cattle ought to face any quarter of the sky but the east." + }, + { + "id": 21849, + "la": "Bubilium autem debent esse latitudines nec minores pedum denum nec maiores v denum; longitudo, uti singula iuga ne minus pedes occupent septenos", + "en": "The width of the stalls should be not less than ten nor more than fifteen feet; lengthwise each yoke should have not less than seven feet." + }, + { + "id": 21850, + "la": "Balnearia item coniuncta sint culinae; ita enim lavationi rusticae ministratio non erit longe", + "en": "The baths also should be next to the kitchen; in this way the service of baths for the farm will be near by." + }, + { + "id": 21851, + "la": "Torcular item proximum sit culinae; ita enim ad olearios fructus commoda erit ministratio", + "en": "The oilpress should be next the kitchen, for in this way the service will be convenient for the olive harvest." + }, + { + "id": 21852, + "la": "Habeatque coniunctam vinariam cellam habentem ab septentrione lumina fenestrarum; cum enim alia parte habuerit, quae sol calfacere possit, vinum, quod erit in ea cella, confusum ab calore efficietur inbecillum", + "en": "Next let there be the wine-cellar, having windows with light from the north.2 For when light is drawn from a quarter heated by the sun, the wine will be affected by the heat, and thin." + }, + { + "id": 21853, + "la": "Olearia autem ita est conlocanda, ut habeat a meridie calidisque regionibus lumen; non enim debet oleum congelari, sed tempore caloris extenuari", + "en": "The oil store is to be so situated as to receive light from the south and the warm quarter.3 For the oil should not be congealed, but kept thin by the warm weather." + }, + { + "id": 21854, + "la": "Magnitudines autem earum ad fructuum rationem et numerum doliorum sunt faciundae, quae, cum sint cullearia, per medium occupare debent pedes quaternos", + "en": "The dimensions of the store should answer to the amount of the harvest and the number of the jars. When these contain 20 amphorae, they should occupy four feet each on the average." + }, + { + "id": 21855, + "la": "Ipsum autem torcular, si non cocleis torquetur sed vectibus et prelo premetur, ne minus longum pedes xl constituatur; ita enim erit vectiario spatium expeditum", + "en": "The press, if it is not turned by a screw,4 but is worked by levers and a press-beam, is to be not less than 40 feet long. This will leave room for the man who works the levers." + }, + { + "id": 21856, + "la": "Latitudo eius ne minus pedum senum denum; nam sic erit ad plenum opus facientibus libera versatio et expedita", + "en": "The width of the room must be not less than 16 feet, so that when the men are fully at work, their movements will be free and easy." + }, + { + "id": 21857, + "la": "Sin autem duobus prelis loco opus fuerit, quattuor et viginti pedes latitudini dentur", + "en": "But if two presses are required in the place, the width should be 24 feet." + }, + { + "id": 21858, + "la": "Ovilia et caprilia ita sunt magna facienda, uti singula pecora areae ne minus pedes quaternos et semipedem, ne plus senos possint habere", + "en": "The sheep and goat folds are to be such a size that each animal occupies not less than 4 1/2 or more than 6 feet." + }, + { + "id": 21859, + "la": "Granaria sublinita et ad septentrionem aut aquilonem spectantia disponantur; ita enim frumenta non poterint cito concalescere, sed ab flatu refrigerata diu servantur", + "en": "The granaries are to have a concrete floor, and a north or north-east aspect.1 For in this way the corn will not soon become overheated, but keeps good, being cooled by the draughts." + }, + { + "id": 21860, + "la": "Namque ceterae regiones procreant curculionem et reliquas bestiolas, quae frumentis solent nocere", + "en": "For other aspects produce the weevil and other small creatures, which usually damage the corn." + }, + { + "id": 21861, + "la": "Equilibus, quae maxime in villa loca calidissima fuerint, constituantur, dum ne ad focum spectent; cum enim iumenta proxime ignem stabulantur, horrida fiunt", + "en": "Stables are to be so placed as to have the warmest part of the farm buildings, provided they do not look towards the hearth. For when draught horses are stabled next the fire, they lose their sleekness." + }, + { + "id": 21862, + "la": "Item non sunt inutilia praesepia, quae conlocantur extra culinam in aperto contra orientem; cum enim in hieme anni sereno caelo in ea traducuntur matutino boves, ad solem pabulum capientes fiunt nitidiores", + "en": "Further, mangers are not without their advantages, which are put outside the kitchen in the open on the east. For when the cattle are led up in fine winter weather for their morning feed, they become more sleek by eating their fodder in the sun." + }, + { + "id": 21863, + "la": "Horrea, fenilia, farraria, pistrina extra villam facienda videntur, ut ab ignis periculo sint villae tutiores", + "en": "Barns, stores for hay and meal, bakehouses, should be outside the farm-house, that they may be more safe from fire." + }, + { + "id": 21864, + "la": "Si quid delicatius in villis faciundum fuerit, ex symmetriis quae in urbanis supra scripta sunt constituta, ita struantur, uti sine inpeditione rusticae utilitatis aedificentur", + "en": "If a touch of elegance2 is required in a farm-house, it should be built in a symmetrical manner, which things are described above for town houses, yet without interfering with the needs of agriculture." + }, + { + "id": 21865, + "la": "Omniaque aedificia ut luminosa sint, oportet curari; sed quae sunt ad villas, faciliora videntur esse, ideo quod paries nullius vicini potest opstare, in urbe autem aut communium parietum altitudines aut angustiae loci inpediundo faciunt obscuritates", + "en": "Care is required that all buildings should be well lighted. This is more easy in farm buildings because there are no party walls to interfere; whereas in cities, the heights of party walls or the narrow streets are in the way, and cause lack of light." + }, + { + "id": 21866, + "la": "Itaque de ea re sic erit experiundum", + "en": "Therefore trial should be made as follows." + }, + { + "id": 21867, + "la": "Ex qua parte lumen oporteat sumere, linea tendatur ab altitudine parietis, qui videtur obstare, ad eum locum, quo oporteat inmittere, et si ab ea linea in altitudinem cum prospiciatur, poterit spatium puri caeli amplum videre, in eo loco lumen erit sine inpeditione", + "en": "In the quarter from which light is required, a line should be drawn from the top of the party wall which seems to obstruct, to the point where light should be admitted. If the amount of open sky seems sufficient when we look up from that line, the light will not be obstructed." + }, + { + "id": 21868, + "la": "Sin autem officient trabes seu limina aut contignationes, de superioribus partibus aperiatur et ita inmittatur", + "en": "But if the light is hindered by beams or lintels or flooring, there must be an opening made above to admit the light." + }, + { + "id": 21869, + "la": "Et ad summam ita est gubernandum, ut, ex quibuscumque partibus caelum prospici poterit, per ea fenestrarum loca relinquantur; sic enim lucida erunt aedificia", + "en": "And the whole must be so controlled that from whatever quarter the sky can be seen, window openings must be left there;1 for in this way the buildings will be well lighted." + }, + { + "id": 21870, + "la": "Cum autem in tricliniis ceterisque conclavibus maximus est usus luminum, tum etiam itineribus, clivis, scalis, quod in his saepius alius aliis obviam venientes ferentes sarcinas solent incurrere", + "en": "Now there is special need of light in dining-rooms and other apartments, and also in passages, sloping ways, and staircases, because, in these, persons who come with burdens often run into one another when they meet." + }, + { + "id": 21871, + "la": "Quoad potui, distributiones operum nostratium ut sint aedificatoribus non obscurae, explicui; nunc etiam, quemadmodum Graecorum consuetudinibus aedificia distribuantur, uti non sint ignota, summatim exponam", + "en": "As far as I can, I have explained the arrangement of our buildings that they may not be obscure to our own builders; now I will also explain briefly how buildings are arranged according to Greek custom, so that they too may not be unknown." + }, + { + "id": 21872, + "la": "Atriis Graeci quia non utuntur, neque aedificant, sed ab ianua introeuntibus itinera faciunt latitudinibus non spatiosis, et ex una parte equilia, ex altera ostiariis cellas, statimque ianuae interiores finiuntur", + "en": "The Greeks,2 not using atria, do not build as we do; but as you enter, they make passages of scanty width with stables on one side, and the porters rooms on the other; and these immediately adjoin the inner entrance." + }, + { + "id": 21873, + "la": "Hic autem locus inter duas ianuas graece thyroron appellatur", + "en": "The space between the two entrances is called in Greek thyroron." + }, + { + "id": 21874, + "la": "Deinde est introitus in peristylon", + "en": "You then enter the peristyle." + }, + { + "id": 21875, + "la": "Id peristylum in tribus partibus habet porticus inque parte, quae spectat ad meridiem, duas antas inter se spatio amplo distantes, in quibus trabes invehuntur, et quantum inter antas distat, ex eo tertia adempta spatium datur introrsus", + "en": "This has colonnades on three sides. On the side which looks southward, there are two piers at a fair distance apart, on which beams are laid. The space behind is recessed two-thirds of the distance between the piers." + }, + { + "id": 21876, + "la": "Hic locus apud nonnullos prostas, apud alios pastas nominatur", + "en": "The recess by some is called prostas, pastas by others." + }, + { + "id": 21877, + "la": "In his locis introrsus constituuntur oeci magni, in quibus matres familiarum cum lanificis habent sessionem", + "en": "As we pass in, there is the Great Hall in which the ladies sit with the spinning women." + }, + { + "id": 21878, + "la": "In prostadis autem dextra ac sinistra cubicula sunt conlocata, quorum unum thalamus, alterum amphithalamus dicitur", + "en": "Right and left of the recess are the bedchambers, of which one is called the thalamus, the other the amphithalamus." + }, + { + "id": 21879, + "la": "Circum autem in porticibus triclinia cotidiana, cubicula, etiam cellae familiaricae constituuntur", + "en": "Round the colonnades are the ordinary dining-rooms, the bedrooms and servants rooms." + }, + { + "id": 21880, + "la": "Haec pars aedificii gynaeconitis appellatur", + "en": "This part of the building is called the womens quarter, gynaeconitis." + }, + { + "id": 21881, + "la": "Coniunguntur autem his domus ampliores habentes lautiora peristylia, in quibus pares sunt quattuor porticus altitudinibus, aut una, quae ad meridiem spectat, excelsioribus columnis constituitur", + "en": "Next to this is a larger block of buildings with more splendid peristyles; in these the colonnades are equal in height, or else the colonnade which looks to the south has loftier columns." + }, + { + "id": 21882, + "la": "Id autem peristylum, quod unam altiorem habet porticum, rhodiacum dicitur", + "en": "The peristyle which has one colonnade higher is called Rhodian." + }, + { + "id": 21883, + "la": "Habent autem eae domus vestibula egregia et ianuas proprias cum dignitate porticusque peristyliorum albariis et tectoriis et ex intestino opere lacunariis ornatas, et in porticibus, quae ad septentrionem spectant, triclinia cyzicena et pinacothecas, ad orientem autem bybliothecas, exhedras ad occidentem, ad meridiem vero spectantes oecos quadrata ostia ampla magnitudine, uti faciliter in eo quattuor tricliniis stratis ministrationum ludorumque operis locus possit esse spatiosus", + "en": "These buildings have splendid approaches and doorways of suitable dignity. The colonnades of the peristyles are finished with ceilings of stucco, plaster, and fine wood panelling. In the colonnades which face the north are Cyzicene triclinia and picture galleries; on the east the libraries, the exedrae on the west; halls and square entrances2 face the south that there may be ample room for four triclinia, and for the servants who attend them and assist in the amusements." + }, + { + "id": 21884, + "la": "In his oecis fiunt virilia convivia; non enim fuerat institutum matris familiarum eorum moribus accumbere", + "en": "In these halls mens banquets are held. For it was not customary for women to join men at dinner." + }, + { + "id": 21885, + "la": "Haec autem peristylia domus andronitides dicuntur, quod in his viri sine interpellationibus mulierum versantur", + "en": "Now these peristyles are called the mens block, for in them men meet without interruption from the women." + }, + { + "id": 21886, + "la": "Praeterea dextra ac sinistra domunculae constituuntur habentes proprias ianuas, triclinia et cubicula commoda, uti hospites advenientes non in peristylia sed in ea hospitalia recipiantur", + "en": "Moreover, on the right and left lodges are situated with their own entrances, dining-rooms and bedrooms, so that guests on their arrival may be received into the guest-houses and not in the peristyles." + }, + { + "id": 21887, + "la": "Nam cum fuerunt Graeci delicatiores et fortuna opulentiores, hospitibus advenientibus instruebant triclinia, cubicula, cum penu cellas, primoque die ad cenam invitabant, postero mittebant pullos, ova, holera, poma reliquasque res agrestes", + "en": "For when the Greeks were more luxurious and in circumstances more opulent, they provided for visitors on their arrival, dining-rooms, bedrooms, and store-rooms with supplies. On the first day they invited them to dinner; afterwards they sent poultry, eggs, vegetables, fruit, and other country produce." + }, + { + "id": 21888, + "la": "Ideo pictores ea, quae mittebantur hospitibus, picturis imitantes xenia appellaverunt", + "en": "Therefore painters, when they portrayed what was sent to guests, called them guest-gifts." + }, + { + "id": 21889, + "la": "Ita patres familiarum in hospitio non videbantur esse peregre, habentes secretam in his hospitalibus liberahtatem", + "en": "Thus the heads of families in a guest-house2 do not seem to be away from home when they enjoy private generosity in the visitors quarters." + }, + { + "id": 21890, + "la": "Inter duo autem peristylia et hospitalia itinera sunt, quae mesauloe dicuntur, quod inter duas aulas media sunt interposita; nostri autem eas andronas appellant", + "en": "Now between the two peristyles and the visitors quarters there are passages called Mesauloe, because they are between the two aulae or halls. But we call them Andrones, the mens quarters." + }, + { + "id": 21891, + "la": "Sed hoc valde est mirandum, nec enim graece nec latine potest id convenire", + "en": "It is very remarkable that this suits neither Greek nor Latin usage." + }, + { + "id": 21892, + "la": "Graeci enim andronas appellant oecus, ubi convivia virilia solent esse, quod eo mulieres non accedunt", + "en": "For the Greeks call andrones the halls where the mens banquets take place, because women are excluded." + }, + { + "id": 21893, + "la": "Item aliae res sunt similes, uti xystus, prothyrum, telamones et nonnulla alia eius modi", + "en": "Yet other terms are of like application, such as xystus, prothyrum, telamones, and so forth." + }, + { + "id": 21894, + "la": "Xystos enim est graeca appellatione porticus ampla latitudine, in qua athletae per hiberna tempora exercentur; nostri autem hypaethrus ambulationes xysta appellant, quas Graeci paradromidas dicunt", + "en": "For xystus in its Greek signification is a colonnade of ample breadth where the athletes are trained in the winter;3 but we give the name of xysta to promenades in the open, which the Greeks call paradromides." + }, + { + "id": 21895, + "la": "Item prothyra graece dicuntur, quae sunt ante in ianuas vestibula, nos autem appellamus prothyra, quae graece dicuntur diathyra", + "en": "The Greeks give the name prothyra to the vestibules which are in front and serve as the entrance; we call prothyra what, in Greek are named diathyra." + }, + { + "id": 21896, + "la": "Item si qua virili figura signa mutulos aut coronas sustinent, nostri telamones appellant, cuius rationes, quid ita aut quare dicantur, ex historiis non inveniuntur, Graeci vero eos atlantas vocitant", + "en": "Again, if statues of the male figure support brackets or cornices, we call them telamones, nor do we find in any treatises what they are and why they are so called. But the Greeks call them Atlantes." + }, + { + "id": 21897, + "la": "Atlas enim formatur historia sustinens mundum, ideo quod is primum cursum solis et lunae siderumque omnium versationum rationes vigore animi sollertiaque curavit hominibus tradenda, eaque re a pictoribus et statuariis deformatur pro eo beneficio sustinens mundum, filiaeque eius Atlantides, quas nos vergilias, Graeci autem pliadas nominant, cum sideribus in mundo sunt dedicatae", + "en": "For, in history,2 Atlas is represented as sustaining the universe, because he was the first by his powerful intellect and skill to set forth to mankind the suns course and the revolutions of the moon and all the stars. And therefore because of this service he is represented by painters and statuaries as sustaining the world. His daughters, the Atlantides, whom we call Vergiliae and the Greeks Pleiades, are placed among the constellations in the universe." + }, + { + "id": 21898, + "la": "Nec tamen ego, ut mutetur consuetudo nominationum aut sermonis, ideo haec proposui, sed uti non sint ignota philologis, exponenda iudicavi", + "en": "I have put this forth not with the purpose of changing any nomenclature or language in common use, but I thought that these explanations should not be unknown to scholars." + }, + { + "id": 21899, + "la": "Quibus consuetudinibus aedificia italico more et Graecorum institutis conformantur, exposui et de symmetriis singulorum generum proportiones perscribsi", + "en": "I have expounded the traditions by which buildings are designed in the Italian manner, and by Greek rules, and have enumerated the proportions which determine the symmetries of the different styles." + }, + { + "id": 21900, + "la": "Ergo quoniam de venustate decoreque ante est conscriptum, nunc exponemus de firmitate, quemadmodum ea sine vitiis permanentia ad vetustatem conlocentur", + "en": "We have already, therefore, written on grace and propriety in architecture; it remains to deal with stability and the means by which buildings may be planned so as to endure without defect." + }, + { + "id": 21901, + "la": "Aedificia quae plano pede instituuntur, si fundamenta eorum facta fuerint ita, ut in prioribus libris de muro et theatris nobis est expositum, ad vetustatem ea erunt sine dubitatione firma", + "en": "Buildings which start from the level of the ground, if the foundations are so laid, as we have explained in previous books with reference to city walls1 and theatres,2 will assuredly be solid and durable." + }, + { + "id": 21902, + "la": "Sin autem, hypogea concamarationesque instituentur, fundationes eorum fieri debent crassiores, quam quae in superioribus aedificiis structurae sunt futurae", + "en": "But if there are spaces underground and vaulted cellars, the foundations must be wider than the structures in the upper parts of the building." + }, + { + "id": 21903, + "la": "Eorumque parietes, pilae, columnae ad perpendiculum inferiorum medio conlocentur, uti solido respondeant; nam si in pendentibus onera fuerint parietum aut columnarum, non poterint habere perpetuam firmitatem", + "en": "The party walls, the piers, the columns, are to be placed with their centres perpendicularly above the lower parts, so as to correspond to the solid. For if the weight of the dividing walls or of the columns is over open spaces,3 it cannot be permanently sustained. ." + }, + { + "id": 21904, + "la": "Praeterea inter lumina secundum pilas et antas postes si supponentur, erunt non vitiosae", + "en": "Further, if supports are put for the piers and pilasters between the windows, these faults will be avoided." + }, + { + "id": 21905, + "la": "Limina enim et trabes structuris cum sint oneratae, medio spatio pandantes frangunt sublisi structuras; cum autem subiecti fuerint et subcuneati postes, non patiuntur insidere trabes neque eas laedere", + "en": "For when lintels and bressumers are loaded with walling, they sag in the middle and cause fractures by settlement; but when piers are placed underneath and wedged up, they do not allow the beams to settle and injure the structure above." + }, + { + "id": 21906, + "la": "Item administrandum est, uti levent onus parietum fornicationes cuneorum divisionibus et ad centrum respondentes earum conclusurae", + "en": "We must also contrive to relieve the weight of the walling by arches with their voussoirs,4 and their joints directed to a centre." + }, + { + "id": 21907, + "la": "Cum enim extra trabes aut liminum capita arcus cuneis erunt conclusae, primum non pandabit materies levata onere; deinde, si quod vetustate vitium ceperit, sine molitione fulturarum faciliter mutabitur", + "en": "For when arches, with their voussoirs, are carried outside the beams and lintels, in the first place the wood relieved of its burden will not sag; in the second place, if it decays in course of time, it will easily be replaced without the labour of shoring up." + }, + { + "id": 21908, + "la": "Itemque, quae pilatim aguntur aedificia et cuneorum divisionibus coagmentis ad centrum respondentibus fornices concluduntur, extremae pilae in his latiores spatio sunt faciundae, uti vires eae habentes resistere possint, cum cunei ab oneribus parietum pressi per coagmenta ad centrum se prementes extruderent incumbas", + "en": "Moreover, when buildings rest upon piers, and arches are constructed with voussoirs and with joints directed to a centre, the end piers in the buildings are to be set out of greater width, so that they may be stronger and resist when the voussoirs, being pressed down by the weight of the walling owing to the jointing, thrust towards the centre and push out the imposts." + }, + { + "id": 21909, + "la": "Itaque si angulares pilae erunt spatiosis magnitudinibus, continendo cuneos firmitatem operibus praestabunt", + "en": "Therefore if the angle piers are of wide dimensions, they will restrain the thrust and give stability to the buildings." + }, + { + "id": 21910, + "la": "Cum in his rebus animadversum fuerit, uti ea diligentia in his adhibeatur, non minus etiam observandum est, uti omnes structurae perpendiculo respondeant neque habeant in ulla parte proclinationes", + "en": "When proper attention has been given herein that such care be taken, we must not less be on our guard that every part of a building maintains its perpendicular and that no part leans over." + }, + { + "id": 21911, + "la": "Maxima autem esse debet cura substructionum, quod in his infinita vitia solet facere terrae congestio", + "en": "But the greatest care must be taken in the substructures, because, in these, immense damage is caused by the earth piled against them." + }, + { + "id": 21912, + "la": "Ea enim non potest esse semper uno pondere, quo solet esse per aestatem, sed hibernis temporibus recipiendo ex imbribus aquae multitudinem crescens et pondere et amplitudine disrumpit et extrudit structurarum saeptiones", + "en": "For it cannot remain of the same weight as it usually has in the summer: it swells in the winter by absorbing water from the rains. Consequently by its weight and expansion it bursts and thrusts out the retaining walls. ." + }, + { + "id": 21913, + "la": "Itaque, ut huic vitio medeatur, sic erit faciundum, ut primum pro amplitudine congestionis crassitudo structurae constituatur", + "en": "To avoid this damage, therefore, we must proceed as follows. The thickness of the walling must answer to the amount of earth." + }, + { + "id": 21914, + "la": "Deinde in frontibus anterides, sive erismae sunt, una struantur, eaeque inter se distent tanto spatio, quanta altitudo substructionis est futura, crassitudine eadem, qua substructio; procurrat autem ab imo, pro quam crassitudo constituta fuerit substructionis, deinde contrahatur gradatim, ita uti summam habeat prominentiam, quanta operis est crassitudo", + "en": "Next, supporting walls or buttresses are to be carried up at the same time. The interval between them is to be the same as the height of the substructure, and the thickness that of the substructure. They are to project at the base in accordance with the thickness determined for the substructure. Then they are to be gradually diminished, so that at the top they may project as much as the thickness of the walling." + }, + { + "id": 21915, + "la": "Praeterea introrsus contra terrenum coniuncta muro serratim struantur, uti singuli dentes ab muro tantum distent, quanta altitudo futura erit substructionis; crassitudines autem habeant dentium structurae uti muri", + "en": "Further, against the earth on the inside, the wall must have projections like the teeth of a saw, such that the intervals between them are equal to the height of the substructure. The thickness of the teeth must be that of the main wall." + }, + { + "id": 21916, + "la": "Item in extremis angulis cum recessum fuerit ab interiore angulo spatio altitudinis substructionis, in utramque partem signetur, et ab his signis diagonius structura conlocetur, et ab ea media altera coniuncta cum angulo muri", + "en": "Further, in the outer angles of the substructure, taking a distance from the internal angle equal to the height of the substructure, we must mark a point on either side and a diagonal wall is to be built between them, and from the middle of the diagonal wall, another wall is to be built to the interior angle of the main wall." + }, + { + "id": 21917, + "la": "Ita dentes et diagonioe structurae non patientur tota vi premere murum, sed dissipabunt retinendum impetum congestionis", + "en": "The teeth and the diagonal walls will not allow the full pressure to fall upon the main wall but will distribute the thrust of the earth, which we have to hold in check. ." + }, + { + "id": 21918, + "la": "Quemadmodum sine vitiis opera constitui oporteat et uti caveatur incipientibus, exposui", + "en": "How buildings can be carried out so as to avoid failure, and how precautions must be taken in the first stages, has been explained." + }, + { + "id": 21919, + "la": "Namque de tegulis aut tignis aut asseribus mutandis non est eadem cura quemadmodum de his, quod ea, quamvis sunt vitiosa, faciliter mutantur", + "en": "For the same care is not needful in repairing roof tiling, or principals or rafters, which if faulty are easily repaired, as in the foundations." + }, + { + "id": 21920, + "la": "Ita quae nec solidi quidem putantur esse, quibus rationibus haec poterint esse firma et quemadmodum instituantur, exposui", + "en": "I have also described how those parts of a building which are not considered to belong to the solid can be made stable, and how they are to be constructed." + }, + { + "id": 21921, + "la": "Quibus autem copiarum generibus oporteat uti, non est architecti potestas, ideo quod non in omnibus locis omnia genera copiarum nascuntur, ut in proximo volumine est expositum; praeterea in domini est potestate, utrum latericio an caementicio an saxo quadrato velit aedificare", + "en": "An architect cannot control the kinds of material which it is necessary to use, for the reason that not all kinds of material occur in all places, as was explained in the last book.1 Besides, the client decides whether he is to build in brick or rubble or ashlar." + }, + { + "id": 21922, + "la": "Itaque omnium operum probationes tripertito considerantur, id est fabrili subtilitate et magnificentia et dispositione", + "en": "Therefore the test of all building is held to be threefold: fine workmanship, magnificence, architectural composition." + }, + { + "id": 21923, + "la": "Cum magnificenter opus perfectum aspicietur, a domini potestate inpensae laudabuntur; cum subtiliter, officinatoris probabitur exactio; cum vero venuste proportionibus et symmetriis habuerit auctoritatem, tunc fuerit gloria area architecti", + "en": "When a building has a magnificent appearance, the expenditure of those who control it, is praised. When the craftsmanship is good, the supervision of the works is approved. But when it has a graceful effect due to the symmetry of its proportions, the site1 is the glory of the architect." + }, + { + "id": 21924, + "la": "Haec autem recte constituuntur, cum is et a fabris et ab idiotis patiatur accipere se consilia", + "en": "His work is duly accomplished when he submits to receive advice from his workmen and from laymen." + }, + { + "id": 21925, + "la": "Namque omnes homines, non solum architecti, quod est bonum, possunt probare, sed inter idiotas et eos hoc est discrimen, quod idiota, nisi factum viderit, non potest scire, quid sit futurum, architectus autem, simul animo constituerit, antequam inceperit, et venustate et usu et decore quale sit futurum, habet definitum", + "en": "For all men, and not only architects, can approve what is good. But there is this difference between the architect and the layman, that the layman cannot understand what is in hand unless he sees it already done; the architect, when once he has formed his plan, has a definite idea how it will turn out in respect to grace, convenience, and propriety." + }, + { + "id": 21926, + "la": "Quas res privatis aedificiis utiles putavi et quemadmodum sint faciundae, quam apertissime potui, perscripsi; de expolitionibus autem eorum, uti sint elegantes et sine vitiis ad vetustatem, insequenti volumine exponam", + "en": "I have described, as explicitly as I can, the details which are useful in private buildings and how they are to be carried out. In the next book I will treat of the methods of finishing the work, so that they may be ornamental, free from defects and permanent." + }, + { + "id": 21927, + "la": "Maiores cum sapienter tum etiam utiliter instituerunt, per commentariorum relationes cogitata tradere posteris, ut ea non interirent, sed singulis aetatibus crescentia voluminibus edita gradatim pervenirent vetustatibus ad summam doctrinarum subtilitatem", + "en": "Our predecessors, wisely and with advantage, proceeded by written records to hand down their ideas to after times, so that they should not perish, but being augmented from age to age and published in book form, they should come step by step in the course of time to a complete and accurate body of knowledge." + }, + { + "id": 21928, + "la": "Itaque non mediocres sed infinitae sunt his agendae gratiae, quod non invidiose silentes praetermiserunt, sed omnium generum sensus conscribtionibus memoriae tradendos curaverunt", + "en": "Hence we must render to them more than moderate thanks, indeed the greatest, because they did not let them all go in jealous silence, but provided for the record in writing of their ideas in every kind." + }, + { + "id": 21929, + "la": "Namque si non ita fecissent, non potuissemus scire, quae res in Troia fuissent gestae, nec quid Thales, Democritus, Anaxagoras, Xenophanes reliquique physici sensissent de rerum natura, quasque Socrates, Platon, Aristoteles, Zenon, Epicurus aliique philosophi hominibus agendae vitae terminationes finissent, seu Croesus, Alexander, Darius ceterique reges quas res aut quibus rationibus gessissent, fuissent notae, nisi maiores praeceptorum conparationibus omnium memoriae ad posteritatem commentariis extulissent", + "en": "If they had not done so, we could not have known the history of Troy, nor the natural philosophy of Thales, Democritus, Anaxagoras, Xenophanes, and the rest; nor should we have been acquainted with the precepts of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Zeno,2 Epicurus, and other philosophers for the conduct of human life, nor with the actions and policy of Croesus, Alexander, Darius, and other monarchs, unless our predecessors in their records and collections of opinions had published these matters to posterity and the memory of the world. ." + }, + { + "id": 21930, + "la": "Itaque quemadmodum his gratiae sunt agendae, contra, qui eorum scripta furantes pro suis praedicant, sunt vituperandi, quique non propriis cogitationibus scriptorum nituntur, sed invidis moribus aliena violantes gloriantur, non modo sunt reprehendendi, sed etiam, qui impio more vixerunt, poena condemnandi", + "en": "While, then, these men deserve our gratitude, on the other hand we must censure those who plunder their works and appropriate them to themselves; writers who do not depend upon their own ideas, but in their envy boast of other mens goods whom they have robbed with violence, should not only receive censure but punishment for their impious manner of life." + }, + { + "id": 21931, + "la": "Nec tamen hae res non vindicatae curiosius ab antiquis esse memorantur", + "en": "And this practice, as we are informed, was duly dealt with by the ancients." + }, + { + "id": 21932, + "la": "Quorum exitus iudiciorum qui fuerint, non est alienum, quemadmodum sint nobis traditi, explicare", + "en": "It is not out of place to relate the results of these trials as they have been handed down." + }, + { + "id": 21933, + "la": "Regis Attalici magnis philologiae dulcedinibus inducti cum egregiam bybliothecam Pergami ad communem delectationem instituissent, tunc item Ptolomaeus infinito zelo cupiditatisque incitatus studio non minoribus industriis ad eundem modum contenderat Alexandriae comparare", + "en": "The Attalid kings,1 impelled by their delight in literature, established for general perusal2 a fine library at Pergamus. Then Ptolemy, moved by unbounded jealousy and avaricious desire, strove with no less industry to establish a library at Alexandria after the same fashion." + }, + { + "id": 21934, + "la": "Cum autem summa diligentia perfecisset, non putavit id satis esse, nisi propagationibus inseminando curaret augendam", + "en": "When he had completed it with great diligence, he did not think it enough unless he should provide for its increase by sowing and planting." + }, + { + "id": 21935, + "la": "Itaque Musis et Apollini ludos dedicavit et, quemadmodum athletarum, sic communium scriptorum victoribus praemia et honores constituit", + "en": "So he consecrated games in honour of the Muses and Apollo, and established prizes and honours for the successful writers of the day, in the same way as for successful athletes." + }, + { + "id": 21936, + "la": "His ita institutis, cum ludi adessent, iudices litterati, qui ea probarent, erant legendi", + "en": "When the arrangements were completed, and the games were at hand, learned judges had to be chosen to examine the competitors." + }, + { + "id": 21937, + "la": "Rex, cum iam sex civitatis lectos habuisset nec tam cito septumum idoneum inveniret, retulit ad eos, qui supra bybliothecam fuerunt, et quaesiit, si quem novissent ad id expeditum", + "en": "When the king had chosen six persons from the city and could not quickly find a seventh4 person suitable, he consulted the governors of the library whether they knew anyone prepared for such a duty." + }, + { + "id": 21938, + "la": "Tunc ei dixerunt esse quendam Aristophanen, qui summo studio summaque diligentia cotidie omnes libros ex ordine perlegeret", + "en": "They gave the name of Aristophanes,1 who read each book in the library systematically day by day with comprehensive ardour and diligence." + }, + { + "id": 21939, + "la": "Itaque conventu ludorum, cum secretae sedes iudicibus essent distributae, cum ceteris Aristophanes citatus, quemadmodum fuerat locus ei designatus, sedit", + "en": "Therefore at the assemblage for the games special seats were allotted to the judges, and Aristophanes, being summoned with the rest, took his seat in the place allotted to him." + }, + { + "id": 21940, + "la": "Primo poetarum ordine ad certationem inducto cum recitarentur scripta, populus cunctus significando monebat iudices, quod probarent", + "en": "The competition for poets was first on the list; and when their poems were recited, the whole multitude by its utterances warned the judges what to approve." + }, + { + "id": 21941, + "la": "Itaque, cum ab singulis sententiae sunt rogatae, sex una dixerunt, et, quem maxime animadverterunt multitudini placuisse, ei primum praemium, insequenti secundum tribuerunt", + "en": "When, therefore, the judges were asked one by one, the six agreed and gave the first prize to the poet who, they observed, most pleased the audience; the second prize to the person who came next in their approval." + }, + { + "id": 21942, + "la": "Aristophanes vero, cum ab eo sententia rogaretur, eum primum renuntiari iussit, qui minime populo placuisset", + "en": "Aristophanes,2 however, when his opinion was asked, voted that the first place should be given to the candidate who was least liked by the audience." + }, + { + "id": 21943, + "la": "Cum autem rex et universi vehementer indignarentur, surrexit et rogando impetravit, ut paterentur se dicere", + "en": "When the king3 and all the company showed great indignation, he rose and obtained permission to speak." + }, + { + "id": 21944, + "la": "Itaque silentio facto docuit unum ex his eum esse poetam, ceteros aliena recitavisse; oportere autem iudicantes non furta sed scripta probare", + "en": "Amid a general silence he informed them that only one of the competitors was a true poet; the others recited borrowed work, whereas the judges had to deal with original compositions, not with plagiaries." + }, + { + "id": 21945, + "la": "Admirante populo et rege dubitante, fretus memoriae certis armariis infinita volumina eduxit et ea cum recitatis conferendo coegit ipsos furatos de se confiteri", + "en": "The assembly were surprised and the king was doubtful. Aristophanes relying upon his memory produced a large number of papyrus rolls from certain bookcases,4 and comparing these with what had been recited he compelled the authors to confess they were thieves." + }, + { + "id": 21946, + "la": "Itaque rex iussit cum his agi furti condemnatosque cum ignominia dimisit, Aristophanen vero amplissimis muneribus ornavit et supra bybliothecam constituit", + "en": "The king then ordered them to be brought to trial for theft. They were condemned and dismissed in disgrace, while Aristophanes was raised to high office and became librarian." + }, + { + "id": 21947, + "la": "Insequentibus annis a Macedonia Zoilus, qui adoptavit cognomen, ut Homeromastix vocitaretur, Alexandriam venit suaque scripta contra Iliadem et Odyssean comparata regi recitavit", + "en": "Some years after, Zoilus, who had taken a surname so as to be called the Scourge of Homer, came from Macedonia to Alexandria, and read his works directed against the Iliad and Odyssey." + }, + { + "id": 21948, + "la": "Ptolomaeus vero, cum animadvertisset poetarum parentem philologiaeque omnis ducem absentem vexari et, cuius ab cunctis gentibus scripta suspicerentur, ab eo vituperari, indignans nullum ei dedit responsum", + "en": "Ptolemy, however, observed that the father of poets and the founder of literature was attacked in his absence, and that Zoilus abused one whose works were looked up to by all nations, and in his indignation would not reply to him." + }, + { + "id": 21949, + "la": "Zoilus autem, cum diutius in regno fuisset, inopia pressum summisit ad regem postulans, ut aliquid sibi tribueretur", + "en": "Zoilus, however, remaining some time in Egypt, was overcome by poverty and submitted his name to the king for an allowance." + }, + { + "id": 21950, + "la": "Rex vero respondisse dicitur Homerum, qui ante annos mille decessisset, aevo perpetuo multa milia hominum pascere, item debere, qui meliore ingenio se profiteretur, non modo unum sed etiam plures alere posse", + "en": "The king is said to have replied that Homer, whose death occurred many years before, had through all that age of time furnished a livelihood to many thousands; a man, therefore, who claimed to be of a finer talent should be able to maintain not only one but many others as well." + }, + { + "id": 21951, + "la": "Et ad summam mors eius ut parricidii damnati varie memoratur", + "en": "In fine, Zoilus was condemned for parricide, and his death is variously recorded." + }, + { + "id": 21952, + "la": "Alii enim scripserunt a Philadelpho esse in crucem fixum, nonnulli Chii lapides esse coniectos, alii Zmyrnae vivom in pyram coniectum", + "en": "Some have written that he was crucified by Philadelphus;1 others that he was stoned at Chios; others that he was thrown alive on a burning pyre in Smyrna." + }, + { + "id": 21953, + "la": "Quorum utrum ei acciderit, merenti digna constitit poena; non enim aliter videtur promereri, qui citat eos, quorum responsum, quid senserint scribentes, non potest coram indicari", + "en": "Whichever happened to him, the penalty fitted the culprit. Such seems to be the desert of a man who calls into court those who can no longer reply publicly, when asked what they meant by their writings." + }, + { + "id": 21954, + "la": "Ego vero, Caesar, neque alienis indicibus mutatis interposito nomine meo id profero corpus neque ullius cogitata vituperans institui ex eo me adprobare, sed omnibus scriptoribus infinitas ago gratias, quod egregiis ingeniorum sollertiis ex aevo conlatis abundantes alius alio genere copias praeparaverunt, unde nos uti fontibus haurientes aquam et ad propria proposita traducentes facundiores et expeditiores habemus ad scribendum facultates talibusque confidentes auctoribus audemus institutiones novas comparare", + "en": "But this encyclopaedia, your Highness, is not presented under my own name with the suppression of my authorities, nor have I set out to gain approbation by vituperating any mans ideas. For I owe great gratitude to all those who with an ocean of intellectual services which they gathered from all time, each in his department provided stores from which we, like those who draw water from a spring and use it for their own purposes, have gained the means of writing with more eloquence and readiness; and trusting in such authorities we venture to put together a new manual1 of architecture." + }, + { + "id": 21955, + "la": "Igitur tales ingressus eorum quia ad propositi mei rationes animadverti praeparatos, inde sumendo progredi coepi", + "en": "Because, then, I observed that such beginnings had been made towards the method of my undertaking, I drew upon these sources and began to go forward." + }, + { + "id": 21956, + "la": "Namque primum Agatharchus Athenis Aeschylo docente tragoediam ad scaenam fecit, et de ea commentarium reliquit", + "en": "For to begin with: Agatharchus2 at Athens, when Aeschylus was presenting a tragedy, was in control of the stage, and wrote a commentary about it." + }, + { + "id": 21957, + "la": "Ex eo moniti Democritus et Anaxagoras de eadem re scripserunt, quemadmodum oporteat, ad aciem oculorum radiorumque extentionem certo loco centro constituto, ad lineas ratione naturali respondere, uti de incerta re incertae imagines aedificiorum in scaenarum picturis redderent speciem et, quae in directis planisque frontibus sint figurata, alia abscedentia, alia prominentia esse videantur", + "en": "Following his suggestions, Democritus3 and Anaxagoras3 wrote upon the same topic, in order to show how, if a fixed centre is taken for the outward glance of the eyes and the projection of the radii, we must follow these lines in accordance with a natural law, such that from an uncertain object, uncertain images may give the appearance of buildings in the scenery of the stage, and how what is figured upon vertical and plane surfaces can seem to recede in one part and project in another." + }, + { + "id": 21958, + "la": "Postea Silenus de symmetriis doricorum edidit volumen; de aede ionica Iunonis quae est Sami Rhoecus et Theodorus; ionice Ephesi quae est Dianae, Chersiphron et Metagenes; de fano Minervae, quod est Prienae ionicum, Pytheos; item de aede Minervae, dorice quae est Athenis in arce, Ictinos et Carpion; Theodorus Phocaeus de tholo, qui est Delphis; Philo de aedium sacrarum symmetriis et de armamentario, quod fuerat Piraei portu; Hermogenes de aede Dianae, ionice quae est Magnesia pseudodipteros, et Liberi Patris Teo monopteros; item Arcesius de symmetriis corinthiis et ionico Trallibus Aesculapio, quod etiam ipse sua manu dicitur fecisse; de Mausoleo Satyrus et Pytheos", + "en": "Subsequently Silenus5 published a work upon Doric proportions; Rhoecus and Theodorus6 on the Ionic temple of Juno which is at Samos; Chersiphron and Metagenes on the Ionic temple of Diana which is at Ephesus1; Pythius on the temple of Minerva in the Ionic style which is at Priene;2 Ictinus3 and Carpion on the Doric temple of Minerva which is on the Acropolis at Athens; Theodorus4 of Phocaea on the Tholos at Delphi; Philo5 on the proportions of temples and the arsenal6 which was in the harbour of the Piraeus; Hermogenes7 on the pseudodipteral Ionic temple of Diana8 at Magnesia and the monopteral temple of Father Bacchus9 at Teos; Arcesius on Corinthian proportions, and the Ionic temple at Tralles10 to Aesculapius, whose image is said to have been carved by him; Satyrus and Pythius on the Mausoleum." + }, + { + "id": 21959, + "la": "Quibus vero felicitas maximum summumque contulit munus; quorum enim artes aevo perpetuo nobilissimas laudes et sempiterno florentes habere iudicantur, et cogitatis egregias operas praestiterunt", + "en": "And on these last, good fortune conferred the greatest and highest boon. For their works are adjudged to have a merit which is famous throughout the ages and of unfading freshness12 and they employed distinguished artists on their undertakings." + }, + { + "id": 21960, + "la": "Namque singulis frontibus singuli artifices sumpserunt certatim partes ad ornandum et probandum Leochares, Bryaxis, Scopas, Praxiteles, nonnulli etiam putant Timotheum, quorum artis eminens excellentia coegit ad septem spectaculorum eius operis pervenire famam", + "en": "For on the several elevations, different rival craftsmen took their share in decorations wherein they competed: Leochares,13 Bryaxis,14 Scopas,15 Praxiteles,16 and some add Timotheus. The outstanding excellence of their work caused the fame of the Mausoleum to be included in the seven wonders1 of the world." + }, + { + "id": 21961, + "la": "Praeterea minus nobiles multi praecepta symmetriarum conscripserunt, uti Nexaris, Theocydes, Demophilos, Pollis, Leonidas, Silanion, Melampus, Sarnacus, Euphranor", + "en": "In addition to these, many men of less fame have compiled the rule of symmetry, such as Nexaris, Theocydes, Demophilus,2 Pollis,3 Leonidas, Silanion,4 Melampus of Sarnaca, Euphranor." + }, + { + "id": 21962, + "la": "Non minus de machinationibus, uti Diades, Archytas, Archimedes, Ctesibios, Nymphodorus, Philo Byzantius, Diphilos, Democles, Charias, Polyidos, Pyrrhos, Agesistratos", + "en": "Others have written on machinery: Diades,6 Archytas,7 Archimedes,8 Ctesibius,9 Nymphodorus,10 Philo of Byzantium,11 Diphilus,12 Democles,13 Chaerias,6 Polyidus,6 Pyrrhus,14 Agesistratus." + }, + { + "id": 21963, + "la": "Quorum ex commentariis, quae utilia esse his rebus animadverti, [collecta in unum coegi corpus, et ideo maxime, quod animadverti] in ea re ab Graecis volumina plura edita, ab nostris oppido quam pauca", + "en": "As to the useful contributions to our subject which I found in their commentaries, many volumes have been published by the Greeks, exceedingly few by our own writers." + }, + { + "id": 21964, + "la": "Fufidius enim mirum de his rebus primus instituit edere volumen, item Terentius Varro de novem disciplinis unum de architectura, P Septimius duo", + "en": "For Fufidius15 curiously enough was the first to publish a volume on these topics. Further, Varro included one volume in his work On the Nine Disciplines16; Publius Septimius17 wrote two volumes." + }, + { + "id": 21965, + "la": "Amplius vero in id genus scribturae adhuc nemo incubuisse videtur, cum fuissent et antiqui cives magni architecti, qui potuissent non minus eleganter scripta comparare", + "en": "Up to now no one seems to have gone further in this kind of writing, although our citizens of old have been great architects who might have compiled works of equal precision." + }, + { + "id": 21966, + "la": "Namque Athenis Antistates et Callaeschros et Antimachides et Porinos architecti Pisistrato aedem Iovi Olympio facienti fundamenta constituerunt, post mortem autem eius propter interpellationem reipublicae incepta reliquerunt", + "en": "For at Athens the architects1 Antistates and Callaeschrus and Antimachides and Porinus laid the foundations for Pisistratus when he was building a temple to Olympian Jupiter. After his death they abandoned his undertaking because of the interruption caused by the republic." + }, + { + "id": 21967, + "la": "Itaque circiter annis quadringentis post Antiochus rex, cum in id opus inpensam esset pollicitus, cellae magnitudinem et columnarum circa dipteron conlocationem epistyliorumque et ceterorum ornamentorum ad symmetriam distributionem magna sollertia scientiaque summa civis Romanus Quossutius nobiliter est architectatus", + "en": "About four hundred2 years after, king Antiochus undertook the cost of the building. A Roman citizen Cossutius, an architect of great skill and scientific attainments, finely designed the great sanctuary with a double colonnade all round and with the architrave symmetrically disposed." + }, + { + "id": 21968, + "la": "Id autem opus non modo volgo, sed etiam in paucis a magnificentia nominatur", + "en": "And this building is famous owing to its magnificence not only with the crowd but with the experts." + }, + { + "id": 21969, + "la": "Nam quattuor locis sunt aedium sacrarum marmoreis operibus ornatae dispositiones, e quibus propriae de his nominationes clarissima fama nominantur quorum excellentiae prudentesque cogitationum apparatus suspectus habent in deorum sesemasmenois", + "en": "For in four places temples have been erected and finished with marble, whence their names are current and most renowned. Their fine character and the skilful management of their design gains a high regard among the chefs-d'uvre of religion." + }, + { + "id": 21970, + "la": "Primumque aedes Ephesi Dianae ionico genere ab Chersiphrone Gnosio et filio eius Metagene est instituta, quam postea Demetrius, ipsius Dianae servos, et Paeonius Ephesius dicuntur perfecisse", + "en": "First of all the temple of Diana4 at Ephesus was planned in the Ionic style by Chersiphron of Cnossus and his son Metagenes; afterwards Demetrius, a temple warden5 of Diana, and Paeonius6 of Ephesus are said to have completed it." + }, + { + "id": 21971, + "la": "Mileti Apollini item ionicis symmetriis idem Paeonius Daphnisque Milesius instituerunt", + "en": "At Miletus the same Paeonius, and Daphnis of Miletus, built for Apollo7 in the Ionic style." + }, + { + "id": 21972, + "la": "Eleusine Cereris et Proserpinae cellam inmani magnitudine Ictinos dorico more sine exterioribus columnis ad laxamentum usus sacrificiorum pertexit", + "en": "At Eleusis, Ictinus8 built the temple of Ceres and Proserpine in the Doric manner, and of an immense size without exterior columns; it was covered in to afford a convenient space for sacrifice." + }, + { + "id": 21973, + "la": "Eam autem postea, cum Demetrius Phalereus Athenis rerum potiretur, Philo ante templum in fronte columnis constitutis prostylon fecit; ita aucto vestibulo laxamentum initiantibus operique summam adfecit auctoritatem", + "en": "When Demetrius of Phaleron was master of Athens,1 Philo2 erected columns in front before the temple and turned it into a prostyle building. Thus by enlarging the approach he gave space for the initiates and great impressiveness to the building." + }, + { + "id": 21974, + "la": "In asty vero ad Olympium amplo modulorum conparatu corinthiis symmetriis et proportionibus, uti est, architectandum Quossutius suscepisse memoratur, cuius commentarium nullum est inventum", + "en": "In the city the Olympeum was designed with Corinthian symmetries and proportions and an ample module by the architect Cossutius, as already described.3 No specification by him is extant." + }, + { + "id": 21975, + "la": "Nec tamen a Cossutio solum de his rebus scripta sunt desideranda sed etiam a G Mucio, qui magna scientia confisus aedes Honoris et Virtutis Marianae, cellae columnarumque et epistyliorum symmetrias legitimis artis institutis perfecit", + "en": "Not only do we miss such a work from Cossutius but also from Gaius Mucius,4 who,'in the temple of Honour and Virtue erected by Marius,'relying upon his scientific acquirements, finished off the symmetries of the sanctuary, the columns and the entablature, in accordance with the legitimate rules of art." + }, + { + "id": 21976, + "la": "Id vero si marmoreum fuisset, ut haberet, quemadmodum ab arte subtilitatem, sic ab magnificentia et inpensis auctoritatem, in primis et summis operibus nominaretur", + "en": "But if it had been of marble so as to be impressive by a costly magnificence, no less than marked by a skilful precision, it would have a name among the buildings of the first and highest class." + }, + { + "id": 21977, + "la": "Cum ergo et antiqui nostri inveniantur non minus quam Graeci fuisse magni architecti et nostra memoria satis multi, et ex his pauci praecepta edidissent, non putavi silendum, sed disposite singulis voluminibus de singulis exponeremus", + "en": "While, therefore, our predecessors are found, no less than the Greeks, to have been great architects, and sufficiently many in our own time, few of them have published their methods. Hence I thought we ought not to remain silent, but we should set forth methodically the various branches of the subject in separate volumes." + }, + { + "id": 21978, + "la": "Itaque, quoniam sexto volumine privatorum aedificiorum rationes perscripsi, in hoc, qui septimum tenet numerum, de expolitionibus, quibus rationibus et venustatem et firmitatem habere possint, exponam", + "en": "Therefore, after describing in the sixth book the arrangements of private buildings, in this book, which is the seventh, I will explain how they are finished in such a way as to combine durability with elegance" + }, + { + "id": 21979, + "la": "Primumque incipiam de ruderatione, quae principia tenet expolitionum, uti curiosius summaque providentia solidationis ratio habeatur", + "en": "First, I will begin with rubble paving, which is the first stage in finishing, so that account may be taken, with special care and great foresight, of a solid foundation." + }, + { + "id": 21980, + "la": "Et si plano pede erit eruderandum, quaeratur, solum si sit perpetuo solidum, et ita exaequetur, et inducatur cum statumine rudus", + "en": "If we must carry out our paving on level ground we must inquire whether the soil is solid throughout; it is then to be levelled, and rubble must be spread over the surface." + }, + { + "id": 21981, + "la": "Sin autem omnis aut ex parte congesticius locus fuerit, fistucationibus cum magna cura solidetur", + "en": "But if there is a made site, in whole or in part, it must be rammed very carefully with piles." + }, + { + "id": 21982, + "la": "In contignationibus vero diligenter est animadvertendum, ne qui paries, qui non exeat ad summum, sit extructus sub pavimentum, sed potius relaxatus supra se pendentem habeat coaxationem", + "en": "In the case of upper floors great attention must be given, lest any wall in the story below is built right up to the pavement; it is rather to stop short and have the joists carried free above it." + }, + { + "id": 21983, + "la": "Cum enim solidus exit, contignationibus arescentibus aut pandatione sidentibus, permanens structurae soliditate dextra ac sinistra secundum se facit in pavimentis necessario rimas", + "en": "For when the wall is taken up solid, if the flooring above dries or sags as it settles, the wall being of a solid structure, necessarily causes cracks, right and left of it, in the pavements above." + }, + { + "id": 21984, + "la": "Item danda est opera, ne commisceantur axes aesculini querco, quod quercei, simul umorem perceperunt, se torquentes rimas faciunt in pavimentis", + "en": "Attention must also be given not to mix planks of winter oak1 with common oak.2 For common oak, when it becomes moist, warps and makes cracks in the pavement." + }, + { + "id": 21985, + "la": "Sin autem aesculus non erit et necessitas coegerit propter inopiam, querceis sic videtur esse faciundum, ut secentur tenuiores; quo minus enim valuerint, eo facilius clavis fixi continebuntur", + "en": "But if there is no winter oak and need drives, we must work with common oak, using thin planks. For the weaker they are, the more easily will they be kept in their place by nails." + }, + { + "id": 21986, + "la": "Deinde in singulis tignis extremis partibus axis bini clavi figantur, uti nulla ex parte possint se torquendo anguli excitare", + "en": "Then two nails are to be driven in each joist at the edges of the plank, so that the corners of the planks may not warp and rise up." + }, + { + "id": 21987, + "la": "Namque de cerro aut fago seu farno nullus ad vestutatem potest permanere", + "en": "No plank of Turkey oak,3 beech, or ash4 can remain durable." + }, + { + "id": 21988, + "la": "Coaxationibus factis, si erit, filex, si non, palea substernatur, uti materies ab calcis vitiis defendatur", + "en": "After finishing the flooring, fern'if you have it'or else straw, is to be spread over, so that the wood may be protected against the injury caused by lime." + }, + { + "id": 21989, + "la": "Tunc insuper statuminetur ne minore saxo, quam qui possit manum implere", + "en": "Next a layer of stones is to be spread, each of which is not less than a handful." + }, + { + "id": 21990, + "la": "Statuminationibus inductis, rudus si novum erit, ad tres partes una calcis misceatur, si redivivum fuerit, quinque ad duum mixtiones habeant responsum", + "en": "After spreading the stones, the rubble, if it is fresh, is to be mixed, three parts to one of lime; if it is of old materials, five parts of rubble are to be mixed with two of lime." + }, + { + "id": 21991, + "la": "Deinde rudus inducatur et vectibus ligneis, decuriis inductis, crebriter pinsatione solidetur, et id non minus pinsum absolutum crassitudine sit dodrantis", + "en": "Let it then be laid on, and rammed down with repeated blows by gangs1 of men using wooden stamps. When the stamping is finished, it must be not less than nine inches thick." + }, + { + "id": 21992, + "la": "Insuper ex testa nucleus inducatur mixtionem habens ad tres partes unam calcis, ne minore crassitudine pavimentum digitorum senum", + "en": "Upon this, a hard coat of powdered pottery is to be laid, three parts to one of lime, forming a layer of six inches." + }, + { + "id": 21993, + "la": "Supra nucleum ad regulam et libellam exacta pavimenta struantur sive sectilia seu tesseris", + "en": "On the finishing coat, a pavement3 of marble slabs or of mosaic is to be laid to rule and level." + }, + { + "id": 21994, + "la": "Cum ea exstructa fuerint et fastigia sua exstructionem habuerint, ita fricentur, uti, si sectilia sint, nulli gradus in scutulis aut trigonis aut quadratis seu favis extent, sed coagmentorum conpositio planam habeat inter se derectionem, si tesseris structum erit, ut eae omnes angulos habeant aequales; cum enim anguli non fuerint omnes aequaliter pleni, non erit exacta, ut oportet, fricatura", + "en": "When it is laid, and the proper fall is adjusted, it is to be rubbed down; so that, if the pavement is of marble, no projecting edges may arise in the diamonds or triangles or squares or hexagons;4 but the adjustment of the joints is to be level one with another. If it is mosaic, the edges of the tesserae are all to be level. For when the edges are not even, the rubbing down will be imperfect." + }, + { + "id": 21995, + "la": "Item testacea spicata tiburtina sunt diligenter exigenda, ut ne habeant lacunas nec extantes tumulos, sed extenta et ad regulam perfricata", + "en": "So also Tiburtine tiles5 laid herring-bone fashion, are to be carefully handled so that they do not present gaps or ridges, being spread out and rubbed to a level." + }, + { + "id": 21996, + "la": "Super fricaturam, levigationibus et polituris cum fuerint perfecta, incernatur marmor, et supra loricae ex calce et harena inducantur", + "en": "After the rubbing down, when they are completely smoothed and finished, marble dust is sprinkled over, and over that coats of lime and sand are to be applied." + }, + { + "id": 21997, + "la": "Subdiu vero maxime idonea faciunda sunt pavimenta, quod contignationes umore crescentes aut siccitate decrescentes seu pandationibus sidentes movendo se faciunt vitia pavimentis; praeterea gelicidia et proinae non patiuntur integra permanere", + "en": "Such pavements are most suitable to be used in the open. For wood floors swell with damp, or shrink in dry weather, or sag and settle, and make faulty pavements by giving way. Besides, ice and hoar-frost hinder their durability." + }, + { + "id": 21998, + "la": "Itaque si necessitas coegerit, ut minime vitiosa fiant, sic erit faciundum", + "en": "But if need compels, we must limit their failure as far as possible in the following manner." + }, + { + "id": 21999, + "la": "Cum coaxatum fuerit, super altera coaxatio transversa sternatur clavisque fixa duplicem praebeat contignationi loricationem", + "en": "After laying the floor, a second floor is to be laid above cross-wise; being fixed with nails, it will furnish a double coating to the joists." + }, + { + "id": 22000, + "la": "Deinde ruderi novo tertia pars testae tunsae admisceatur, calcisque duae partes ad quinque mortarii mixtionibus praestent responsum", + "en": "Then a third part of broken pottery is to be mixed in the fresh rubble, and two parts of lime are to answer to five1 when mixed in the mortar." + }, + { + "id": 22001, + "la": "Statuminatione facta rudus inducatur, idque pistum absolutum ne minus pede sit crassum", + "en": "Let the ground be spread with this, and the rubble be laid over it and pounded thoroughly to a thickness of not less than a foot." + }, + { + "id": 22002, + "la": "Tunc autem nucleo inducto, uti s s est, pavimentum e tessera grandi circiter binm digitm caesa struatur fastigium habens in pedes denos digitos binos; quod si bene temperabitur et recte fricatum fuerit, ab omnibus vitiis erit tutum", + "en": "Then the finishing coat is to be put on as already described, and the pavement is to be laid with tesserae about two inches thick, with a fall of two inches in ten feet. If this is well mixed and properly rubbed over, it will be safe against all damage." + }, + { + "id": 22003, + "la": "Uti autem inter coagmenta materies ab gelicidiis ne laboret, fracibus quotannis ante hiemem saturetur; ita non patietur in se recipere gelicidii pruinam", + "en": "That the mortar between the joints may not be affected by the frost, let it be soaked every year with oil lees before the winter. In this way it will not take up the frost into itself." + }, + { + "id": 22004, + "la": "Sin autem curiosius videbitur fieri oportere, tegulae bipedales inter se coagmentatae supra rudus substrata materia conlocentur habentes singulis coagmentorum frontibus excelsos canaliculos digitales", + "en": "But if special care seems to be needed, tiles two feet square jointed together are to be laid upon the pavement of mortar, with small channels an inch deep on each side." + }, + { + "id": 22005, + "la": "Quibus iunctis inpletur calx ex oleo subacta, confricenturque inter se coagmenta compressa", + "en": "When these are joined, lime tempered with oil is to be filled in, and the joints are to be pressed together and rubbed down." + }, + { + "id": 22006, + "la": "Ita calx, quae erit haerens in canalibus, durescendo [contestateque solidescendo] non patietur aquam neque aliam rem per coagmenta transire", + "en": "Thus the lime which will remain in the channels will harden and prevent water or anything else from passing through the joints." + }, + { + "id": 22007, + "la": "Cum ergo fuerit hoc ita perstratum, supra nucleus inducatur et virgis caedendo subigatur", + "en": "When this has so been laid, the first finishing coat is to be spread, beaten with staves and so kneaded." + }, + { + "id": 22008, + "la": "Supra autem sive ex tessera grandi sive ex spica testacea struantur fastigiis, quibus est supra scriptum, et cum sic erunt facta, non cito vitiabuntur", + "en": "Upon this, are to be put the pavements of thick tesserae or of tiles laid herringbone, with the fall already described, and when this is done, damage will not quickly arise." + }, + { + "id": 22009, + "la": "Cum a pavimentorum cura discessum fuerit, tunc de albariis operibus est explicandum", + "en": "We now pass from the preparation of pavements to plasterers work." + }, + { + "id": 22010, + "la": "Id autem erit recte, si glaebae calcis optimae ante multo tempore, quam opus fuerit, macerabuntur, uti, si qua glaeba parum fuerit in fornace cocta, in maceratione diuturna liquore defervere coacta uno tenore conquoquatur", + "en": "It will be necessary to obtain lumps of the best lime and crush it long before it is required; so that if any lump be imperfectly burnt in the kiln, owing to the long crushing, it is forced by the moisture to lose its heat and is tempered to an even quality." + }, + { + "id": 22011, + "la": "Namque cum non penitus macerata sed recens sumitur, cum fuerit inducta habens latentes crudos calculos, pustulas emittit", + "en": "For when it is applied fresh and not thoroughly slaked; if, without due care it is spread containing rough lumps, it causes blisters." + }, + { + "id": 22012, + "la": "Qui calculi, in opere uno tenore cum permacerantur, dissolvunt et dissipant tectorii politiones", + "en": "And these lumps of lime, when they get a thorough slaking after the work is begun, break up and destroy the surface of the stucco." + }, + { + "id": 22013, + "la": "Cum autem habita erit ratio macerationis et id curiosius opere praeparatum erit, sumatur ascia et, quemadmodum materia dolatur, sic calx in lacu macerata ascietur", + "en": "Now when attention is given to the slaking and care is taken in preparing the work, a trowel2 is to be taken and the lime which is being slaked in the pit is to be chopped as one chops wood." + }, + { + "id": 22014, + "la": "Si ad eam offenderint calculi, non erit temperata; cumque siccum et purum ferrum educetur, indicabit eam evanidam et siticulosam; cum vero pinguis fuerit et recte macerata, circa id ferramentum uti glutinum haerens omni ratione probabit esse temperatam", + "en": "If lumps are met in the chopping, the lime is not slaked. When the trowel is drawn out dry and clean, it shows that the lime is poor and absorbent; when, however, the lime is rich and duly slaked, it clings round the tool like glue, and shows that it is properly mixed." + }, + { + "id": 22015, + "la": "Tunc autem machinis comparatis camerarum dispositiones in conclavibus expediantur, nisi lacunariis ea fuerint ornata", + "en": "Then the scaffolding is to be made ready, and the curved ceilings of the apartments are to be executed, unless they have straight panelled ceilings." + }, + { + "id": 22016, + "la": "Cum ergo camerarum postulabitur ratio, sic erit faciunda", + "en": "When, therefore, curved ceilings1 are in question, we must proceed as follows." + }, + { + "id": 22017, + "la": "Asseres directi disponantur inter se ne plus spatium habentes pedes binos, et hi maxime cupressei, quod abiegnei ab carie et ab vetustate celeriter vitiantur", + "en": "Parallel laths are to be put not more than two feet apart. They are to be of cypress wood; deal is soon affected by decay and by age." + }, + { + "id": 22018, + "la": "Hique asseres, cum ad formam circinationis fuerint distributi, catenis dispositis ad contignationes, sive tecta erunt, crebriter clavis ferreis fixi religentur", + "en": "The laths being fixed to the shape of an arch, are to be secured by wooden ties2 to the floor or roof above, and fastened with an abundance of iron nails." + }, + { + "id": 22019, + "la": "Eaeque catenae ex ea materia comparentur, cui nec caries nec vetustas nec umor possit nocere, id est e buxo, iunipero, olea, robore, cupresso ceterisque similibus praeter quercum, cum ea se torquendo rimas faciat quibus inest operibus", + "en": "The ties are to be of timber unaffected by decay or age or damp, such as boxwood, juniper, olive, winter oak, cypress and the like, except the common oak, which warps and causes cracks where it is used." + }, + { + "id": 22020, + "la": "Asseribus dispositis tum tomice ex sparto hispanico harundines graecae tunsae ad eos, uti forma postulat, religentur", + "en": "When the ribs are in their place, Greek reeds are to be bruised and bound to the ribs with cords of Spanish broom as the shape of the curve requires." + }, + { + "id": 22021, + "la": "Item supra cameram materies ex calce et harena mixta subinde inducatur, ut, si quae stillae ex contignationibus aut tectis ceciderint, sustineantur", + "en": "Further, on the upper surface of the arch, mortar, mixed with lime and sand, is to be spread, so that if any drippings fall from the floor or roof above, they may be held up." + }, + { + "id": 22022, + "la": "Sin autem harundinis graecae copia non erit, de paludibus tenues colligantur et mataxae tomice ad iustam longitudinem una crassitudine alligationibus temperentur, dum ne plus inter duos nodos alligationibus binos pedes distent, et hae ad asseres, uti supra scriptum est, tomice religentur cultellique lignei in eas configantur", + "en": "If there be no supply of Greek reed, thin reeds are to be collected from the marshes, and are to be made up in bundles with cords of rough thread3 to the right length and of equal thickness, provided that not more than two feet separates the knots of the bundles. These then are to be fixed with cord to the ribs as already described, and wooden pins are to be driven through them." + }, + { + "id": 22023, + "la": "Cetera omnia, uti supra scriptum est, expediantur", + "en": "Everything else is to be done as already described." + }, + { + "id": 22024, + "la": "Cameris dispositis et intextis imum caelum earum trullissetur, deinde harena derigatur, postea autem creca aut marmore poliatur", + "en": "When the arched surfaces are fixed and interwoven with the reeds, the under surface is to be rough cast; then sand is to be applied and afterwards finished with hair mortar or marble." + }, + { + "id": 22025, + "la": "Cum camerae politae fuerint, sub eas coronae sunt subiciendae, quam maxime tenues et subtilis oportere fieri videbitur; cum enim grandes sunt, pondere deducuntur nec possunt se sustinere", + "en": "When the coved surfaces are finished, the cornices must be carried along the springing below them, and these must be made as light and slender as possible. For when they are large, they settle under their own weight and cannot keep their place." + }, + { + "id": 22026, + "la": "In hisque minime gypsum debet admisceri, sed excepto marmore uno tenore perduci, uti ne praecipiendo non patiatur uno tenore opus inarescere", + "en": "Gypsum should not be employed, but selected marble of uniform texture, lest the gypsum by setting too soon prevent the work from drying uniformly." + }, + { + "id": 22027, + "la": "Etiamque cavendae sunt in cameris priscorum dispositiones, quod earum planitiae coronarum gravi pondere inpendentes sunt periculosae", + "en": "Further, we must avoid in these arched ceilings the old arrangements, because, in them, the projecting surfaces of the cornices overhang dangerously with their heavy weight." + }, + { + "id": 22028, + "la": "Coronarum autem sunt figurae aliae caelatae", + "en": "Now there are other and more elaborate forms of cornice." + }, + { + "id": 22029, + "la": "Conclavibus autem, ubi ignis aut plura lumina sunt ponenda, pura fieri debent, ut ea facilius extergeantur; in aestivis et exhedris, ubi minime fumus est nec fuligo potest nocere, ibi caelatae sunt faciendae", + "en": "In apartments, however, where there is a fire and lamps, the cornices should be plain so that they may be the more easily dusted. They can be carved in summer rooms and exedrae where there is very little smoke and soot cannot do any damage." + }, + { + "id": 22030, + "la": "Semper enim album opus propter superbiam candoris non modo ex propriis sed etiam alienis aedificiis concipit fumum", + "en": "For plaster work, with its glittering whiteness, takes up the smoke that comes from other buildings as well as from the owners." + }, + { + "id": 22031, + "la": "Coronis explicatis parietes quam asperrime trullissentur, postea autem supra, trullissatione subarescente, deformentur derectiones harenati, uti longitudines ad regulam et ad lineam, altitudines ad perpendiculum, anguli ad normam respondentes exigantur; namque sic emendata tectoriorum in picturis erit species", + "en": "When the cornices are finished, the walls are to be rough-cast as coarsely as possible, and when the rough-cast is nearly dry, the surface of sand must be shaped in such a way that the lengths are set out by the rule and square, the heights by the plummet, the corners by the set-square. For in this way the designs of the fresco-paintings will not be interfered with." + }, + { + "id": 22032, + "la": "Subarescente iterum et tertio inducatur; ita cum fundatior erit ex harenato derectura, eo firmior erit ad vetustatem soliditas tectorii", + "en": "A second and third coat is to be applied, as the one underneath dries. Thus when the solidity of the plaster is the more established from the application of the coats of sand, it is the more stable and enduring." + }, + { + "id": 22033, + "la": "Cum ab harena praeter trullissationem non minus tribus coriis fuerit deformatum, tunc e marmore graneo derectiones sunt subigendae, dum ita materies temperetur, uti, cum subigatur, non haereat ad rutrum, sed purum ferrum e mortario liberetur", + "en": "When in addition to the rough-cast, not less than three coats of sand have been laid, then coats of powdered marble are to be worked up, and the mortar is to be so mixed, that when it is worked up it does not adhere to the trowel, but the iron comes clean from the mortar." + }, + { + "id": 22034, + "la": "Grandi inducto et inarescente alterum corium mediocre dirigatur; id cum subactum fuerit et bene fricatum, subtilius inducatur", + "en": "When a thick layer has been spread and is drying, a second thin coat is to be spread. And when this has been worked up and rubbed over, a still finer coat is to be applied." + }, + { + "id": 22035, + "la": "Ita cum tribus coriis harenae et item marmoris solidati parietes fuerint, neque rimas neque aliud vitium in se recipere poterunt", + "en": "When the walls have been made solid with three coats of sand and also of marble, they will not be subject to cracks or any other fault." + }, + { + "id": 22036, + "la": "Sed et liaculorum subactionibus fundata soliditate marmorisque candore firmo levigata, coloribus cum politionibus inductis nitidos expriment splendores", + "en": "After they are rendered solid by the use of the plasterers tools and polished to the whiteness of marble, they will show a glittering splendour when the colours1 are laid on with the last coat." + }, + { + "id": 22037, + "la": "Colores autem, udo tectorio cum diligenter sunt inducti, ideo non remittunt sed sunt perpetuo permanentes, quod calx, in fornacibus excocto liquore facta raritatibus et evanida, ieiunitate coacta corripit in se quae res forte contigerunt, mixtionibusque ex aliis potestatibus conlatis seminibus seu principis una solidescendo, in quibuscumque membris est formata cum fit arida, redigitur, uti sui generis proprias videatur habere qualitates", + "en": "When the colours are carefully laid upon the wet plaster, they do not fail but are permanently durable, because the lime has its moisture removed in the kilns, and becoming attenuated and porous, is compelled by its dryness to seize upon whatever happens to present itself. It gathers seeds or elements by mixture with other potencies,2 and becoming solid with whatever parts it is formed, it dries together so that it seems to have the qualities proper to its kind." + }, + { + "id": 22038, + "la": "Itaque tectoria, quae recte sunt facta, neque vetustatibus fiunt horrida neque, cum extergentur, remittunt colores, nisi si parum diligenter et in arido fuerint inducti", + "en": "Stucco, therefore, when it is well made, does not become rough in lapse of time, nor lose its colours when they are dusted, unless they have been laid on carelessly and on a dry surface." + }, + { + "id": 22039, + "la": "Cum ergo itaque in parietibus tectoria facta fuerint, uti supra scriptum est, et firmitatem et splendorem et ad vetustatem permanentem virtutem poterunt habere", + "en": "When, therefore, stucco has been executed on walls in accordance with these instructions, it will retain its firmness and brilliance and fine quality." + }, + { + "id": 22040, + "la": "Cum vero unum corium harenae et unum minuti marmoris erit inductum, tenuitas eius minus valendo faciliter rumpitur nec splendorem politionibus propter inbecillitatem crassitudinis proprium optinebit", + "en": "But when only one coat of sand and one of sifted marble is applied, the thin stucco cannot resist damage and is easily broken, and it does not keep a finish of proper brilliance because of its inadequate thickness." + }, + { + "id": 22041, + "la": "Quemadmodum enim speculum argenteum tenui lamella ductum incertas et sine viribus habet remissiores splendores, quod autem e solida temperatura fuerit factum, recipiens in se firmis viribus politionem fulgentes in aspectu certasque considerantibus imagines reddet, sic tectoria, quae ex tenui sunt ducta, non modo sunt rimosa, sed etiam celeriter evanescunt, quae autem fundata harenationis et marmoris soliditate sunt crassitudine spissa, cum sunt politionibus crebris subacta, non modo sunt nitentia, sed etiam imagines expressas aspicientibus ex eo opere remittunt", + "en": "For just as a silvered mirror covered with a thin layer gives back confused and ineffective reflections, while one that is made with a solid layer takes by its firmness a good finish, and reflects images which shine to the view and are clear to the spectator, so stucco which is spread with thin mortar soon cracks and perishes, while that which is based upon solid sand and marble of a suitable thickness, and is worked up by repeated polishing, not only shines but reflects clear images1 from the wall to the spectator." + }, + { + "id": 22042, + "la": "Graecorum vero tectores non solum his rationibus utendo faciunt opera firma, sed etiam mortario conlocato, calce et harena ibi confusa, decuria hominum inducta ligneis vectibus pisant materiam, et ita ad cisternam subacta tunc utuntur", + "en": "The Greek plasterers not only make their work firm by using these methods, but they make a mortar trough with lime and sand mixed, and a gang of men beat the mortar with wooden staves, and they use the mortar thus worked up in the pit." + }, + { + "id": 22043, + "la": "Itaque veteribus parietibus nonnulli crustas excidentes pro abacis utuntur, ipsaque tectoria abacorum et speculorum divisionibus circa se prominentes habent expressiones", + "en": "Therefore some cut out panels from old walls and use them like easel pictures. For the plaster work itself being divided into panels and mirrors, furnishes images which seem to stand out from it." + }, + { + "id": 22044, + "la": "Sin autem in craticiis tectoria erunt facienda, quibus necesse est in arrectariis et transversariis rimas fieri, ideo quod, luto cum linuntur, necessario recipiunt umorem, cum autem arescent, extenuati in tectoriis faciunt rimas, id ut non fiat, haec erit ratio", + "en": "But if plastering is required on timber partitions, owing to their uprights and cross-pieces, cracks are bound to appear in it. For when they are coated with clay they must take up moisture; and when dry they shrink and cause cracks in the plaster. Hence the following precautions must be taken." + }, + { + "id": 22045, + "la": "Cum paries totus luto inquinatus fuerit, tunc in eo opere cannae clavis muscariis perpetuae figantur, deinde iterum luto inducto, si priores transversariis harundinibus fixae sunt, secundae erectis figantur, et uti supra scriptum est, harenatum et marmor et omne tectorium inducatur", + "en": "When the whole wall has been smeared with clay, reeds are to be fixed right along with broad-headed nails. When a second layer of clay is put on, if the first coat has been set with horizontal reeds, the second must be set with the reeds vertical; according to the previous instructions, coats of sand and marble and indeed the complete coat of stucco may then be laid on." + }, + { + "id": 22046, + "la": "Ita cannarum duplex in parietibus harundinibus transversis fixa perpetuitas nec tegmina nec rimam ullam fieri patietur", + "en": "The double unbroken rows of reeds fixed crosswise on the walls will prevent any flaking off and the occurrence of cracks." + }, + { + "id": 22047, + "la": "Quibus rationibus siccis locis tectoria oporteat fieri, dixi; nunc, quemadmodum umidis locis politiones expediantur, ut permanere possint sine vitiis, exponam", + "en": "I have described how plastering is to be done in dry places: I will now explain how stucco is executed in damp places so as to avoid blemishes." + }, + { + "id": 22048, + "la": "Et primum conclavibus, quae plano pede fuerint, in imo pavimento alte circiter pedibus tribus pro harenato testa trullissetur et dirigatur, uti eae partes tectoriorum ab umore ne vitientur", + "en": "And first as to rooms on the level ground. To the height of about three feet from the pavement, rough-cast made of powdered earthenware instead of sand, is to be laid on, so that this part of the plaster may not suffer from damp." + }, + { + "id": 22049, + "la": "Sin autem aliqui paries perpetuos habuerit umores, paululum ab eo recedatur et struatur alter tenuis distans ab eo, quantum res patietur, et inter duos parietes canalis ducatur inferior, quam libramentum conclavis fuerit, habens nares ad locum patentem", + "en": "But if any wall shows continued damp, we must go a little behind it, and build another wall, thin and distant from the first, as far as the case admits. Between the two walls, a gutter must be laid lower than the level of the room, with outlets into the open." + }, + { + "id": 22050, + "la": "Item, cum in altitudinem perstrictus fuerit, relinquantur spiramenta; si enim non per nares umor et in imo et in summo habuerit exitus, non minus in nova structura se dissipabit", + "en": "Further, when the wall is built to the top, ventilation holes are to be left. For unless the moisture has outlets, it will none the less diffuse itself over the new wall." + }, + { + "id": 22051, + "la": "His perfectis paries testa trullissetur et dirigatur et tunc tectorio poliatur", + "en": "When these precautions have been taken, let the wall be rough-cast with powdered pottery, brought to an even surface and finished with plaster." + }, + { + "id": 22052, + "la": "Sin autem locus non patietur structuram fieri, canales fiant et nares exeant ad locum patentem", + "en": "But if the space is not enough for another wall, let gutters be made with outlets to the open." + }, + { + "id": 22053, + "la": "Deinde tegulae bipedales ex una parte supra marginem canalis inponantur, ex altera parte besalibus pilae substruantur, in quibus duarum tegularum anguli sedere possint, et ita a pariete eae distent, ut ne plus pateant palmum", + "en": "Then let two-foot tiles1 be placed above the edge of the gutter on the one side; on the other side, piers2 of eight-inch bricks are to be built up, to take the edges of two tiles, and let the piers be distant not more than one palms length from the wall." + }, + { + "id": 22054, + "la": "Deinde insuper erectae hamatae tegulae ab imo ad summum ad parietem figantur, quarum interiores partes curiosius picentur, ut ab se respuant liquorem; item in imo et in summo supra camaram habeant spiramenta", + "en": "Then let flanged3 tiles be fixed to the wall vertically from the bottom to the top. Their inner side is to be carefully covered with pitch so as to reject the moisture. Also let there be air-holes at the bottom, and at the top above the spring of the ceiling." + }, + { + "id": 22055, + "la": "Tum autem calce ex aqua liquida dealbentur, uti trullissationem testaceam non respuant; namque propter ieiunitatem quae est a fornacibus excocta non possunt recipere nec sustinere, nisi calx subiecta utrasque res inter se conglutinet et cogat coire", + "en": "They are then to be whitened over with lime and water so that they do not reject the rough-cast of powdered brick; for from the dryness that comes in the kiln they can neither take nor keep this coating unless the lime that is applied, glues both together and causes their union." + }, + { + "id": 22056, + "la": "Trullissatione inducta pro harenato testa dirigatur, et cetera omnia, uti supra scripta sunt in tectorii rationibus, perficiantur", + "en": "When the rough-cast is put on, broken pottery is to be used instead of sand and the remainder is to be finished as described above about plastering." + }, + { + "id": 22057, + "la": "Ipsi autem politionibus eorum ornatus proprios debent habere ad decoris rationes, uti et ex locis aptas et generum discriminibus non alienas habeant dignitates", + "en": "The craftsmen, again, in the stucco-work, must keep the designs in accordance with decor,1 that they may have a character fitted to their place and adjusted to the differences of style." + }, + { + "id": 22058, + "la": "Tricliniis hibernis non est utilis compositione nec melographia nec camerarum coronario opere subtilis ornatus, quod ea et ab ignis fumo et ab luminum crebris fuliginibus conrumpuntur", + "en": "In winter dining-rooms, painting of detail2 is not useful in the composition, nor fine mouldings in the cornice under the vault, because they are damaged by the smoke from the fire and the frequent soot from the lamps." + }, + { + "id": 22059, + "la": "In his vero supra podia abaci ex atramento sunt subigendi et poliendi cuneis silaceis seu miniaceis interpositis; explicatae camerae pure politae; etiam pavimentorum non erit displicens, si qui animadvertere voluerit Graecorum ad hibernaculorum usum", + "en": "In these rooms, immediately above the dado, panels of black are to be worked up and finished with strips of yellow ochre or vermilion intervening. The arched ceilings have a plain finish. As to the pavements, it will not be unsatisfactory if we observe the arrangement of Greek winter apartments." + }, + { + "id": 22060, + "la": "Minime sumptuosus est utilis apparatus", + "en": "A useful construction is not at all expensive." + }, + { + "id": 22061, + "la": "Foditur enim intra libramentum triclini altitudo circiter pedum binm, et solo festucato inducitur aut rudus aut testaceum pavimentum ita fastigatum, ut in canali habeat nares", + "en": "For inside the levelled surface of the triclinium a depth of about two feet is dug. The ground is well rammed and a pavement of rubble or pounded brick is laid with a fall towards the gutter and its outlets." + }, + { + "id": 22062, + "la": "Deinde congestis et spisse calcatis carbonibus inducitur et sabulone et calce et favilla mixta materies crassitudine semipedali", + "en": "Then charcoal is collected and crushed by treading, and a mixture six inches thick of ashes, sand and lime is laid." + }, + { + "id": 22063, + "la": "Ad regulam et libellam summo libramento cote despumato redditur species nigri pavimenti", + "en": "The top surface is then rubbed with stone to rule and level, and has the appearance of a black pavement." + }, + { + "id": 22064, + "la": "Ita conviviis eorum et, quod poculis et pytismatis effundetur, simul cadit siccescitque, quique versantur ibi ministrantes, etsi nudis pedibus fuerint, non recipiunt fraces ab eius modi genere pavimenti", + "en": "At banquets, therefore, the wine which is thrown from the cups4 or spit out after tasting5 dries as it falls. And although the servants who are employed there are barefooted, their feet are not stained by the wine-lees on this kind of pavement." + }, + { + "id": 22065, + "la": "Ceteris conclavibus, id est vernis, autumnalibus, aestivis, etiam atriis et peristylis, constitutae sunt ab antiquis ex certis rebus certae rationes picturarum", + "en": "In other apartments for use in spring, autumn or summer, and also in atria and cloisters, the ancients used definite methods of painting definite objects." + }, + { + "id": 22066, + "la": "Namque pictura imago fit eius, quod est seu potest esse, uti homines, aedificia, naves, reliquarumque rerum, e quibus finitis certisque corporibus figurata similitudine sumuntur exempla", + "en": "For by painting an image is made of what is, or of what may be; for example, men, buildings, ships, and other objects; of these definite and circumscribed bodies, imitations1 are taken and fashioned in their likeness." + }, + { + "id": 22067, + "la": "Ex eo antiqui, qui initia expolitionibus instituerunt, imitati sunt primum crustarum marmorearum varietates et conlocationes, deinde coronarum, filicularum, cuneorum inter se varias distributiones", + "en": "Hence the ancients who first used polished stucco, began2 by imitating the variety and arrangement of marble inlay; then the varied distribution of festoons, ferns, coloured strips." + }, + { + "id": 22068, + "la": "Postea ingressi sunt, ut etiam aedificiorum figuras, columnarum et fastigiorum eminentes proiecturas imitarentur, patentibus autem locis, uti exhedris, propter amplitudines parietum scaenarum frontes tragico more aut comico seu satyrico designarent, ambulationibus vero propter spatia longitudinis varietatibus topiorum ornarent a certis locorum proprietatibus imagines exprimentes; pinguntur enim portus, promunturia, litora, flumina, fontes, euripi, fana, luci, montes, pecora, pastores", + "en": "Then they proceeded to imitate the contours of buildings, the outstanding projections of columns and gables;3 in open spaces, like exedrae, they designed scenery4 on a large scale in tragic, comic, or satyric style; in covered promenades, because of the length of the walls, they used for ornament the varieties of landscape gardening,5 finding subjects in the characteristics of particular places; for they paint harbours, headlands, shores, rivers, springs, straits, temples, groves, hills, cattle, shepherds." + }, + { + "id": 22069, + "la": "Nonnulli locis item signorum melographiam habentes deorum simulacra seu fabularum dispositas explicationes, non minus troianas pugnas seu Ulixis errationes per topia, ceteraque, quae sunt eorum similibus rationibus ab rerum natura procreata", + "en": "In places, some have also the anatomy of statues, the images of the gods, or the representations of legends; further, the battles of Troy and the wanderings of Ulysses over the countryside with other subjects taken in like manner from Nature." + }, + { + "id": 22070, + "la": "Sed haec, quae ex veris rebus exempla sumebantur, nunc iniquis moribus inprobantur", + "en": "But these which were imitations based upon reality are now disdained by the improper taste1 of the present." + }, + { + "id": 22071, + "la": " tectoriis monstra potius quam ex rebus finitis imagines certae: pro columnis enim struuntur calami striati, pro fastigiis appagineculi cum crispis foliis et volutis, item candelabra aedicularum sustinentia figuras, supra fastigia eorum surgentes ex radicibus cum volutis teneri plures habentes in se sine ratione sedentia sigilla, non minus coliculi dimidiata habentes sigilla alia humanis, alia bestiarum capitibus", + "en": "On the stucco are monsters rather than definite representations taken from definite things. Instead of columns there rise up stalks; instead of gables, striped panels with curled leaves and volutes. Candelabra uphold pictured shrines and above the summits of these, clusters of thin stalks rise from their roots in tendrils with little figures seated upon them at random. Again, slender stalks with heads of men and of animals attached to half the body." + }, + { + "id": 22072, + "la": "Haec autem nec sunt nec fieri possunt nec fuerunt", + "en": "Such things neither are, nor can be, nor have been." + }, + { + "id": 22073, + "la": "Ergo ita novi mores coegerunt, uti inertiae mali iudices convincerent artium virtutes: quemadmodum enim potest calamus vere sustinere tectum aut candelabrum ornamenta fastigii, seu coliculus tam tenuis et mollis sustinere sedens sigillum, aut de radicibus et coliculis ex parte flores dimidiataque sigilla procreari? At haec falsa videntes homines non reprehendunt sed delectantur, neque animadvertunt, si quid eorum fieri potest necne", + "en": "On these lines the new fashions compel bad judges to condemn good craftsmanship for dullness. For how can a reed actually sustain a roof, or a candelabrum the ornaments of a gable? or a soft and slender stalk, a seated statue? or how can flowers and half-statues rise alternately from roots and stalks? Yet when people view these falsehoods, they approve rather than condemn, failing to consider whether any of them can really occur or not." + }, + { + "id": 22074, + "la": "Iudiciis autem infirmis obscuratae mentes non valent probare, quod potest esse cum auctoritate et ratione decoris", + "en": "Minds darkened by imperfect standards of taste cannot discern the combination of impressiveness with a reasoned scheme of decoration." + }, + { + "id": 22075, + "la": "Neque enim picturae probari debent, quae non sunt similes veritati, nec, si factae sunt elegantes ab arte, ideo de his statim debet recte iudicari, nisi argumentationes certas rationes habuerint sine offensionibus explicatas", + "en": "For pictures cannot be approved which do not resemble reality. Even if they have a fine and craftsmanlike finish, they are only to receive commendation if they exhibit their proper subject without transgressing the rules of art." + }, + { + "id": 22076, + "la": "Etenim etiam Trallibus cum Apaturius Alabandius eleganti manu finxisset scaenam in minusculo theatro, quod ecclesiasterion apud eos vocitatur, in eaque fecisset columnas, signa, centauros sustinentes epistylia, tholorum rotunda tecta, fastigiorum prominentes versuras, coronasque capitibus leoninis ornatas, quae omnia stillicidiorum e tectis habent rationem, praeterea supra ea nihilominus episcenium, in qua tholi, pronai, semifastigia omnisque tecti varius picturis fuerat ornatus, itaque cum aspectus eius scaenae propter asperitatem eblandiretur omnium visus et iam id opus probare fuissent parati, tum Licymnius mathematicus prodiit et ait Alabandis satis acutos ad omnes res civiles haberi, sed propter non magnum vitium indecentiae insipientes eos esse iudicatos, quod in gymnasio eorum quae sunt statuae omnes sunt causas agentes, foro discos tenentes aut currentes seu pila ludentes", + "en": "At Tralles, Apaturius of Alabanda had invented scenery of fine technique for the tiny theatre which they call the Small Assembly. In this he showed columns, statues, or centaurs supporting the architraves, the orbed roofs of domes, the projecting angles of pediments, cornices having lions heads which provided outlets for the rain from the roofs. Besides, the story above the scenery had domes, porticoes, half pediments, and every kind of roof, with varied pictorial ornament. When, therefore, the appearance of such a stage, by its high relief,2 charmed the eyes of all, and they were already on the point of applauding it, Licymnius the mathematician came forward and said, that the inhabitants were shrewd enough in politics, but they had the reputation of being stupid because of one not very great fault, inconsistency. In the gymnasium, the statues were all of politicians; in the public assembly, they were of quoit-throwers or runners or javelin-throwers." + }, + { + "id": 22077, + "la": "Ita indecens inter locorum proprietates status signorum publice civitati vitium existimationis adiecit", + "en": "Thus the unsuitable disposition of the statues added a blemish to the city in public estimation." + }, + { + "id": 22078, + "la": "Videamus item nunc, ne a picturis scaena efficiat et nos Alabandis aut Abderitas", + "en": "Let us see to it that our stage scenery with its pictures does not make us citizens of Alabanda or of Abdera!" + }, + { + "id": 22079, + "la": "Qui enim vestrum domos supra tegularum tecta potest habere aut columnas seu fastigiorum expolitionis? Haec enim supra contignationis ponuntur, non supra tegularum tecta", + "en": "For who of you can have above your roof tiles, buildings with columns and elaborate gables? For the latter stand upon floors, not above the roof tiles." + }, + { + "id": 22080, + "la": "Si ergo, quae non possunt in veritate rationem habere facti, in picturis probaverimus, accedimus et nos his civitatibus, quae propter haec vitia insipientes sunt iudicatae.", + "en": "If therefore, we approve in pictures what cannot justify itself in reality, we are added to those cities which, because of such faults, are esteemed slow-witted." + }, + { + "id": 22081, + "la": "Itaque Apaturius contra respondere non est ausus, sed sustulit scaenam et ad rationem veritatis commutatam postea correctam adprobavit", + "en": "So Apaturius had not the courage to reply, and removed the scenery; and when this was altered to resemble reality, he obtained sanction for his correction." + }, + { + "id": 22082, + "la": "Utinam dii inmortales fecissent, uti Licymnius revivisceret et corrigeret hanc amentiam tectoriorumque errantia instituta! Sed quare vincat veritatem ratio falsa, non erit alienum exponere", + "en": "O that heaven would raise Licymnius to life, and amend this madness, and the roving fashions of the fresco-painters! Now it is not foreign to our purpose to explain why a false method overcomes the truth." + }, + { + "id": 22083, + "la": "Quod enim antiqui insumentes laborem ad industriam probare contendebant artibus, id nunc coloribus et eorum alleganti specie consecuntur, et quam subtilitas artificis adiciebat operibus auctoritatem, nunc dominicus sumptus efficit, ne desideretur", + "en": "The aims which the ancients sought to realise by their painstaking1 craftsmanship, the present attains by coloured materials and their enticing appearance. The dignity which buildings used to gain by the subtle skill of the craftsman, is not even missed owing to the lavish expenditure of the client." + }, + { + "id": 22084, + "la": "Quis enim antiquorum non uti medicamento minio parce videtur usus esse? At nunc passim plerumque toti parietes inducuntur", + "en": "For who of the ancients is not found to use minium as sparingly as the apothecary? But at the present day whole walls are covered with it everywhere." + }, + { + "id": 22085, + "la": "Accedit huc chrysocolla, ostrum, armenium", + "en": "To it is added malachite, purple, Armenian ultramarine." + }, + { + "id": 22086, + "la": "Haec vero cum inducuntur, etsi non ab arte sunt posita, fulgentes oculorum reddunt visus, et ideo quod pretiosa sunt, legibus excipiuntur, ut ab domino, non a redemptore repraesententur", + "en": "And when these are applied, apart from any question of skill, they affect the vision of the eyes with brilliance. Because of their costliness they are excluded in the specification, so that they are charged to the client and not to the contractor." + }, + { + "id": 22087, + "la": "Quae commune facere potui, ut ab errore dis-cedatur in opere tectorio, satis exposui; nunc de apparitionibus, ut succurrere potuerit, dicam, et primum, quoniam de calce initio est dictum, nunc de marmore ponam", + "en": "I have sufficiently set forth the advice I could give for avoiding mistakes in the plaster work. I will now deal with the necessary supplies, as it may occur to me; and first'since lime has been mentioned to begin with'I will now describe marble." + }, + { + "id": 22088, + "la": "Marmor non eodem genere omnibus regionibus procreatur, sed quibusdam locis glaebae ut salis micas perlucidas habentes nascuntur, quae contusae et molitae praestant operibus utilitatem", + "en": "Marble is not found of the same kind in all regions. In some places, blocks occur with shining flakes, as of salt. And these being crushed and ground are of use." + }, + { + "id": 22089, + "la": "Quibus autem locis eae copiae non sunt, caementa marmorea, sive assulae dicuntur, quae marmorarii ex operibus deiciunt, contunduntur et moluntur, subcretum in operibus utuntur", + "en": "But where there are no such supplies, marble-rubble, or splinters as they are called, which the marble workers throw down from their benches, are crushed and ground. This material when sifted the plasterers use in their work." + }, + { + "id": 22090, + "la": "Aliis locis, ut inter Magnesiae et Ephesi fines, sunt loca, unde foditur parata, quam nec molere nec cernere opus est, sed sic est subtilis, quemadmodum si qua est manu contusa et subcreta", + "en": "Elsewhere, for example between the boundaries of Magnesia and Ephesus, there are places where it is dug up ready for use, and need not be ground nor sifted.2 It is as fine as if it had been crushed by hand and sifted." + }, + { + "id": 22091, + "la": "Colores vero alii sunt, qui per se certis locis procreantur et inde fodiuntur, nonnulli ex aliis rebus tractationibus aut mixtionum temperaturis compositi perficiuntur, uti praestent in eandem operibus utilitatem", + "en": "There are other coloured materials which occur in a natural state in certain places, and are dug up from mines. Yet others are composed of different substances and are treated and blended so as to serve the same3 purposes in buildings." + }, + { + "id": 22092, + "la": "Primum autem exponemus, quae per se nascentia fodiuntur, uti sil, quod graece ochra dicitur", + "en": "First we will describe the colours1 which are dug up in their natural state, such as the yellow1 material which the Greeks call ochre." + }, + { + "id": 22093, + "la": "Haec vero multis locis, ut etiam in Italia, invenitur; sed quae fuerat optima, attica, ideo nunc non habetur, quod Athenis argentifodinae cum habuerunt familias, tunc specus sub terra fodiebantur ad argentum inveniendum", + "en": "This is found in many places, as also in Italy. What used to be the best, the Attic, is not available now, for the following reason. When the silver mines at Athens3 were worked, shafts were dug underground to find silver;" + }, + { + "id": 22094, + "la": "Cum ibi vena forte inveniretur, nihilo-minus uti argentum persequebantur3; itaque antiqui egregia copia silis ad politionem operum sunt usi", + "en": "but when a vein of ochre happened to be found, they worked it no less than silver. Hence the ancients used a large amount of yellow in their frescoes." + }, + { + "id": 22095, + "la": "Item rubricae copiosae multis locis eximuntur, sed optimae paucis, uti Ponto Sinope, et Aegypto, in Hispania Balearibus, non minus etiam Lemno, cuius insulae vectigalia Atheniensibus senatus populusque Romanus concessit fruenda", + "en": "Abundant red ochre, also, is extracted in many places, but the best is only found in a few, such as Sinope in Pontus, and in Egypt, in Spain in the Balearic Isles, and also in Lemnos, where the Roman government4 handed over the revenues to the Athenians." + }, + { + "id": 22096, + "la": "Paraetonium vero ex ipsis locis, unde foditur, habet nomen", + "en": "Paraetonium white5 has its name from the place6 where it is mined." + }, + { + "id": 22097, + "la": "Eadem ratione melinum, quod eius metallum insula cycladi Melo dicitur esse", + "en": "In the same way Melian white has its name because a mine is said to occur in Melos, an island of the Cyclades." + }, + { + "id": 22098, + "la": "Creta viridis item pluribus locis nascitur, sed optima Zmyrnae; hanc autem Graeci Theodoteion vocant, quod Theodotus nomine fuerat, cuius in fundo id genus cretae primum est inventum", + "en": "Green chalk is found in many places, but the best is from Smyrna, which the Greeks call Theodoteion, because Theodotus was the name of the man on whose land it was first found." + }, + { + "id": 22099, + "la": "Auripigmentum, quod arsenicon graece dicitur, foditur Ponto", + "en": "Orpiment, which the Greeks call arsenic is mined in Pontus." + }, + { + "id": 22100, + "la": "Sandaraca item pluribus locis, sed optima Ponto proxime flumen Hypanim habet metallum", + "en": "Red arsenic8 also, in many places, but the best is mined in Pontus close to the river Hypanis." + }, + { + "id": 22101, + "la": "Ingrediar nunc minii rationes explicare", + "en": "I will now go on to describe the treatment of minium1 or vermilion." + }, + { + "id": 22102, + "la": "Id autem agris Ephesiorum Cilbianis primum esse memoratur inventum", + "en": "It is said to have been discovered in the Cilbian Fields of Ephesus." + }, + { + "id": 22103, + "la": "Cuius et res et ratio satis magnas habet admirationes", + "en": "The material and its treatment is sufficiently wonderful." + }, + { + "id": 22104, + "la": "Foditur enim glaeba quae dicitur, antequam tractationibus ad minium perveniant, vena uti ferrum, magis subrufo colore, habens circa se rubrum pulverem", + "en": "For what is called the ore is first extracted. Then, using certain processes, they find minium. In the veins the ore is like iron, of a more carroty colour, with a red dust round it." + }, + { + "id": 22105, + "la": "Cum id foditur, ex plagis ferramentorum crebras emittit laerimas argenti vivi, quae a fossoribus statim colliguntur", + "en": "When it is mined, and is worked with iron tools, it exudes many drops of quicksilver, and these are at once collected by the miners." + }, + { + "id": 22106, + "la": "Hae glaebae, cum collectae sunt in officinam, propter umoris plenitatem coiciuntur in fornacem, ut interarescant, et is qui ex his ab ignis vapore fumus suscitatur, cum resedit in solum furni, invenitur esse argentum vivum", + "en": "When the ore has been collected in the workshop, because of the large amount of moisture, it is put in the furnace to dry. The vapour which is produced by the heat of the fire, when it condenses on the floor of the oven, is found to be quicksilver." + }, + { + "id": 22107, + "la": "Exemptis glaebis guttae eae, quae residebunt, propter brevitates non possunt colligi, sed in vas aquae converruntur et ibi inter se congruunt et una confunduntur", + "en": "When the ore is taken away, the drops which settle because of their minuteness cannot be gathered up, but are swept into a vessel of water: there they gather together and unite." + }, + { + "id": 22108, + "la": "Id autem cum sint quattuor sextariorum mensurae, cum expenduntur, invenientur esse pondo centum", + "en": "Four sextarii of quicksilver when they are weighed come to 100 lbs." + }, + { + "id": 22109, + "la": "Cum in aliquo vase est confusum, si supra id lapide centenarium pondus inponatur, natat in summo neque eum liquorem potest onere suo premere nec elidere nec dissipare", + "en": "When quicksilver is poured into a vessel, and a stone weight of 100 lbs. is placed upon it, the stone floats upon the surface. For it is unable by its weight to press the liquid down and so squeeze it out and separate it." + }, + { + "id": 22110, + "la": "Centenario sublato si ibi auri scripulum ponatur, non natabit, sed ad imum per se deprimetur", + "en": "If the stone is taken away and a scruple4 of gold is placed upon the quicksilver, it will not swim, but is pressed down to the bottom, of itself." + }, + { + "id": 22111, + "la": "Ita non amplitudine ponderis sed genere singularum rerum gravitatem esse non est negandum", + "en": "We cannot deny, therefore, that the gravity of bodies depends on their species1 and not on their volume." + }, + { + "id": 22112, + "la": "Id autem multis rebus est ad usum expeditum", + "en": "Quicksilver is adapted for many uses." + }, + { + "id": 22113, + "la": "Neque enim argentum neque aes sine eo potest recte inaurari", + "en": "Without it neither silver nor brass can be properly gilt." + }, + { + "id": 22114, + "la": "Cumque in vestem intextum est aurum eaque vestis contrita propter vetustatem usum non habeat honestum, panni in fictilibus vasis inpositi supra ignem conburuntur", + "en": "When gold is embroidered in cloth, and the garment, being worn out by age, is no longer fit for use, the cloth is put in earthenware vessels and burnt over the fire." + }, + { + "id": 22115, + "la": "Is cinis coicitur in aquam, et additur eo argentum vivum", + "en": "The ashes are thrown into water, and quicksilver is added." + }, + { + "id": 22116, + "la": "Id autem omnis micas auri corripit in se et cogit secum coire", + "en": "This collects all the particles of gold and combines with them." + }, + { + "id": 22117, + "la": "Aqua diffusa cum id in pannum infunditur et ibi manibus premitur, argentum per panni raritates propter liquorem extra labitur, aurum compressione coactum intra purum invenitur", + "en": "The water is then poured away and the remainder is placed on a cloth, and is pressed by hand. Under this pressure the quicksilver being liquid passes through the pores of the cloth, and the pure gold is retained within." + }, + { + "id": 22118, + "la": "Revertar nunc ad minii temperaturam", + "en": "I will now return to the preparation of vermilion." + }, + { + "id": 22119, + "la": "Ipsae enim glaebae, cum sunt aridae, contunduntur pilis ferreis, et lotionibus et cocturis crebris relictis stercoribus efficiuntur, ut adveniant, colores", + "en": "When the ore is dry, it is bruised with iron rammers, and by frequent washing and heating, the waste is removed and the colour is produced." + }, + { + "id": 22120, + "la": "Cum ergo emissae sint ex minio per argenti vivi relictionem quas in se naturales habuerat virtutes, efficitur tenera natura et viribus inbecillis", + "en": "When, therefore, the quicksilver has thus been removed, minium loses its natural virtues, and becomes soft and friable." + }, + { + "id": 22121, + "la": "Itaque cum est in expolitionibus conclavium tectis inductum, permanet sine vitiis suo colore; apertis vero, id est peristyliis aut exhedris aut ceteris eiusdem modi locis, quo sol et luna possit splendores et radios inmittere, cum ab his locus tangitur, vitiatur et amissa virtute coloris denigratur", + "en": "And so when it is used in the finishing of enclosed apartments, it remains of its own colour without defects; but in open places like peristyles and exedrae and so forth, where the sun and moon can send their brightness and their rays, the part so affected is damaged and becomes black, when the colour loses its strength." + }, + { + "id": 22122, + "la": "Itaque cum et alii multi tum etiam Faberius scriba, cum in Aventino voluisset habere domum eleganter expolitam, peristyliis parietes omnes induxit minio, qui post dies xxx facti sunt invenusto varioque colore", + "en": "Among the many instances of this is the case of the public official Faberius.1 He wished to have his palace on the Aventine2 elegantly finished, and had all the walls of the peristyle covered with vermilion. In a month the walls turned to an unpleasant and uneven colour;" + }, + { + "id": 22123, + "la": "Itaque primo locavit inducendos alios colores", + "en": "and so he was the first to let a contract for laying on other colours." + }, + { + "id": 22124, + "la": "At si qui subtilior fuerit et voluerit expolitionem miniaciam suum colorem retinere, cum paries expolitus et aridus est, ceram punicam igni lique-factam paulo oleo temperatam saeta inducat; deinde postea carbonibus in ferreo vase compositis eam ceram a primo cum pariete calfaciundo sudare cogat fiatque, ut peraequetur; deinde tunc candela linteisque puris subigat, uti signa marmorea nuda curantur (haec autem ganosis graece dicitur): ita obstans cerae punicae lorica non patitur nec lunae splendorem nec solis radios lambendo eripere his politionibus colorem", + "en": "But if anyone proceeds in a less crude fashion, and wishes a vermilion surface to keep its colour after the finishing of the wall is dry, let him apply with a strong brush Punic wax melted in the fire and mixed with a little oil. Then putting charcoal in an iron vessel, and heating the wall with it, let the wax first be brought to melt, and let it be smoothed over, then let it be worked over with waxed cord and clean linen cloths, in the same way as naked marble statues; this process is called gansis in Greek. 4. Thus a protective coat of Punic wax does not allow the brilliance of the moon or the rays of the sun to remove the colour from these finished surfaces by playing on them." + }, + { + "id": 22125, + "la": "Quae autem in Ephesiorum metallis fuerunt officinae, nunc traiectae sunt ideo Romam, quod id genus venae postea est inventum Hispaniae regionibus, quibus metallis glaebae portantur et per publicanos Romae curantur", + "en": "The workshops which were in the Ephesian mines are now removed to Rome, because this kind of vein has been discovered in parts of Spain. The ore from the Spanish mines is conveyed to Rome and dealt with by the farmers-general." + }, + { + "id": 22126, + "la": "Eae autem officinae sunt inter aedem Florae et Quirini", + "en": "The workshops3 are between the temples of Flora and Quirinus." + }, + { + "id": 22127, + "la": "Vitiatur minium admixta calce", + "en": "Minium is adulterated by the admixture of lime." + }, + { + "id": 22128, + "la": "Itaque si qui velit experiri id sine vitio esse, sic erit faciendum", + "en": "If anyone wishes to test its purity, the method is as follows." + }, + { + "id": 22129, + "la": "Ferrea lamna sumatur, eo minium inponatur, ad ignem conlocetur, donec lamna candescat", + "en": "Take an iron plate, put the minium on it and set it on the fire until the plate is red-hot." + }, + { + "id": 22130, + "la": "Cum e candore color mutatus fuerit eritque ater, tollatur lamna ab igni, et sic refrigeratum restituatur in pristinum colorem; sine vitio esse probabit; sin autem permanserit nigro colore, significabit se esse vitiatum", + "en": "When the colour is changed by the heat and is black, take the plate from the fire, and let the minium, on cooling, regain its former colour: its purity will be demonstrated. But if it remains black, it shows adulteration." + }, + { + "id": 22131, + "la": "Quae succurrere potuerunt mihi de minio, dixi", + "en": "I have said what seemed of practical use about minium." + }, + { + "id": 22132, + "la": "Chrysocolla adportatur a Macedonia; foditur autem ex is locis, qui sunt proximi aerariis metallis", + "en": "Malachite is imported from Macedonia; it is mined in places which adjoin the copper mines." + }, + { + "id": 22133, + "la": "Armenium et indicum nominibus ipsis indicatur, quibus in locis procreatur", + "en": "Ultramarine (armenium1) and indigo (indicum2) show by their names the places where they are found." + }, + { + "id": 22134, + "la": "Ingrediar nunc ad ea, quae ex aliis generibus tractationum temperaturis commutata recipiunt colorum proprietates", + "en": "I will now proceed to those materials which, by special processes, are changed substantially, and acquire the properties of colour." + }, + { + "id": 22135, + "la": "Et primum exponam de atramento, cuius usus in operibus magnas habet necessitates, ut sint notae, quemadmodum praeparentur certis rationibus artificiorum, ad id temperaturae", + "en": "And first I will deal with black. The use of this in buildings is often necessary, so that we must know how the tempering of materials for the purpose is carried out by special craftsmanship." + }, + { + "id": 22136, + "la": "Namque aedificatur locus uti laconicum et expolitur marmore subtiliter et levigatur", + "en": "A vaulted apartment is built like a sweating chamber,3 and is covered carefully with a marble facing and smoothed down." + }, + { + "id": 22137, + "la": "Ante id fit fornacula habens in laconicum nares, et eius praefurnium magna diligentia conprimitur, ne flamma extra dissipetur", + "en": "In front of it a small furnace is built with outlets into the chamber, and the mouth of the furnace is carefully enclosed so that the flame does not escape." + }, + { + "id": 22138, + "la": "In fornace resina conlocatur", + "en": "Resin is placed in the furnace." + }, + { + "id": 22139, + "la": "Hanc autem ignis potestas urendo cogit emittere per nares intra laconicum fuliginem, quae circa parietem et camerae curvaturam adhaerescit", + "en": "Now the fiery potency burns it and compels it to emit soot through the outlets into the chamber. The soot clings round the walls and vaulting of the chamber." + }, + { + "id": 22140, + "la": "Inde collecta partim componitur ex gummi subacta ad usum atramenti librarii, reliquum tectores glutinum admiscentes in parietibus utuntur", + "en": "It is then collected and in part compounded with gum and worked up for the use of writing ink; the rest is mixed with size and used by fresco-painters for colouring walls." + }, + { + "id": 22141, + "la": "Si autem hae copiae non fuerint paratae, ita necessitatibus erit administrandum, ne expectatione morae res retineatur", + "en": "But if this cannot be obtained, we must satisfy our requirements without holding back the works by the delay involved." + }, + { + "id": 22142, + "la": "Sarmenta aut taedae schidiae comburantur; cum erunt carbones, extinguantur, deinde in mortario cum glutino terantur; ita erit atramentum tectoribus non invenustum", + "en": "Brushwood or pine-chips must be burnt, and when they are charred they are to be pounded in a mortar with size. Thus the fresco-painters will have a not unpleasant black colour." + }, + { + "id": 22143, + "la": "Non minus si faex vini arefacta et cocta in fornace fuerit et ea contrita cum glutino in opere inducetur, super quam atramenti suavitatis efficiet colorem; et quo magis ex meliore vino parabitur, non modo atramenti, sed etiam indici colorem dabit imitari", + "en": "Again, a black colour even more pleasant than this is produced if the dregs of wine are dried and burnt in a furnace, and applied to the walls after being ground with size. The use of the finer wines will allow us to imitate not only black but indigo." + }, + { + "id": 22144, + "la": "Caeruli temperationes Alexandriae primum sunt inventae, postea item Vestorius Puteolis instituit faciundum", + "en": "The processes for making blue were first discovered at Alexandria; afterwards also Vestorius founded a factory at Puteoli." + }, + { + "id": 22145, + "la": "Ratio autem eius, e quibus est inventa, satis habet admirationis", + "en": "His method and his ingredients are sufficiently noteworthy." + }, + { + "id": 22146, + "la": "Harena enim cum nitri flore conteritur adeo subtiliter, ut efficiatur quemadmodum farina; et aes cyprum limis crassis uti scobis facta mixta conspargitur, ut conglomeretur; deinde pilae manibus versando efficiuntur et ita conligantur, ut inarescant; aridae componuntur in urceo fictili, urcei in fornace: ita aes et ea harena ab ignis vehementia confervescendo cum coaruerint, inter se dando et accipiendo sudores a proprietatibus discedunt suisque rebus per ignis vehementiam confectis caeruleo rediguntur colore", + "en": "Sand is ground with flowers of soda to such fineness that it becomes like flour. Cyprian copper is sprinkled from rough files like fine dust so that it combines with the mixture. Then, it is rolled by hand intoballs and they are put together to dry. When dry they are collected in an earthenware jar, and the jars are put in a furnace. In this way the copper and the sand burning together owing to the vehemence of the fire dry together, and, interchanging their vapours, lose their properties; and their own character being overcome by the vehemence of the fire, they acquire a blue colour. 2." + }, + { + "id": 22147, + "la": "Usta vero, quae satis habet utilitatis in operibus tectoriis, sic temperatur", + "en": "Burnt cinnabar,1 which is very useful in plastering, is mixed as follows." + }, + { + "id": 22148, + "la": "Glaeba silis boni coquitur, ut sit in igni candens; ea autem aceto extinguitur et efficitur purpureo colore", + "en": "Ore of good yellow ochre is roasted to a bright heat. It is quenched with vinegar and becomes of a purple colour." + }, + { + "id": 22149, + "la": "De cerussa aerugineque, quam nostri aerucam vocitant, non est alienum, quemadmodum comparetur, dicere", + "en": "It belongs to our subject to deal with the production of white lead and verdigris which our people call aeruca." + }, + { + "id": 22150, + "la": "Rhodo enim doleis sarmenta conlocantes aceto suffuso supra sarmenta conlocant plumbeas massas, deinde ea operculis obturant, ne spiramentum obturatum emittatur", + "en": "At Rhodes they place a layer of chips in a large vessel, and pouring vinegar over them, they then put lumps of lead on the top. The vessel is covered with a lid lest the vapour which is enclosed should escape." + }, + { + "id": 22151, + "la": "Post certum tempus aperientes inveniunt e massis plumbeis cerussam", + "en": "It is opened after a certain time and the lead is found to be changed into cerussa.2" + }, + { + "id": 22152, + "la": "Eadem ratione lamellas aereas conlocantes efficiunt aeruginem, quae aeruca appellatur", + "en": "In the same way, by using plates of copper they obtain verdigris or aeruca." + }, + { + "id": 22153, + "la": "Cerussa vero, cum in fornace coquitur, mutato colore ad ignem incendi efficitur sandaraca'id autem incendio facto ex casu didicerunt homine'et ea multo meliorem usum praestat, quam quae de metallis per se nata foditur", + "en": "When white lead is roasted in a furnace, under the heat of the fire it changes its colour and becomes red lead or sandaraca.4 This fact was accidentally discovered in a conflagration. A much better result is obtained in this way than from the natural substance which is procured from the mines." + }, + { + "id": 22154, + "la": "Incipiam nunc de ostro dicere, quod et carissimam et excellentissimam habet praeter hos colores aspectus suavitatem", + "en": "We now turn to purple, which of all is most prized and has a most delightful colour excellent above all these." + }, + { + "id": 22155, + "la": "Id autem excipitur e conchylio marino, e quo purpura efficitur, cuius non minores sunt quam ceterarum naturae considerantibus admirationes, quod habet non in omnibus locis, quibus nascitur, unius generis colorem, sed solis cursu naturaliter temperatur", + "en": "It is obtained from sea shells which yield the purple dye, and inspires in students of nature as much wonder as any other material. For it does not yield the same colour everywhere, but is modified naturally by the course of the sun." + }, + { + "id": 22156, + "la": "Itaque quod legitur Ponto et Gallia, quod hae regiones sunt proximae ad septentrionem, est atrum; progredientibus inter septentrionem et occidentem invenitur lividum; quod autem legitur ad aequinoctialem orientem et occidentem, invenitur violacio colore; quod vero meridianis regionibus excipitur, rubra procreatur potestate, et ideo hoc Rhodo etiam insula creatur ceterisque eiusmodi regionibus, quae proximae sunt solis cursui", + "en": "What is collected in Pontus and Gaul is black because these regions are nearest to the north. As we proceed between the north and west it becomes a leaden blue. What is gathered in the equinoctial regions, east and west, is of a violet colour. But in the southern regions it has a red character; for example, in Rhodes and other similar regions which are nearest the suns course." + }, + { + "id": 22157, + "la": "Ea conchylia, cum sunt lecta, ferramentis circa scinduntur, e quibus plagis purpurea sanies, uti lacrima profluens, excussa in mortariis terendo comparatur", + "en": "When the shells have been collected, they are broken up with iron tools. Owing to these beatings a purple ooze like a liquid teardrop is collected by bruising in a mortar." + }, + { + "id": 22158, + "la": "Et quod ex concharum marinarum testis eximitur, ideo ostrum est vocitatum", + "en": "And because it is gathered from the fragments of sea shells it is called ostrum." + }, + { + "id": 22159, + "la": "Id autem propter salsuginem cito fit siticulosum, nisi mel habeat circa fusum", + "en": "On account of its saltness it soon dries unless it is mixed with honey." + }, + { + "id": 22160, + "la": "Fiunt etiam purpurei colores infecta creta rubiae radice et hysgino, non minus et ex floribus alii colores", + "en": "Purple colours are also made by dyeing chalk with madder and hysginum.3 Other colours also are obtained from flowers." + }, + { + "id": 22161, + "la": "Itaque tectores, cum volunt sil atticum imitari, violam aridam coicientes in vas cum aqua, confervefaciunt ad ignem, deinde, cum est temperatum, coiciunt linteum, et inde manibus exprimentes recipiunt in mortarium aquam ex violis coloratam, et eo cretam infundentes et eam terentes efficiunt silis attici colorem", + "en": "When the stucco painters wish to imitate Attic ochre, they put dried yellow violets into a vessel with water and boil them. Then, when it is ready, it is poured on a cloth and squeezed by hand. They receive in a mortar the water coloured by the violets, and pouring chalk into it and rubbing it, they obtain the colour of Attic ochre." + }, + { + "id": 22162, + "la": "Eadem ratione vaccinium temperantes et lactem miscentes purpuram faciunt elegantem", + "en": "In the same way they prepare whortleberries and mix them with milk, thus making a fine purple." + }, + { + "id": 22163, + "la": "Item qui non possunt chrysocolla propter caritatem uti, herba, quae luteum appellatur, caeruleum inficiunt, et utuntur viridissimum colorem; haec autem infectiva appellatur", + "en": "Malachite is dear, and those who cannot afford it steep blue dye with the herb which is called weld1 and obtain a brilliant green. This is called dyers green." + }, + { + "id": 22164, + "la": "Item propter inopiam coloris indici cretam selinusiam aut anulariam vitro, quod Graeci isatin appellant, inficientes imitationem faciunt indici coloris", + "en": "Also, because of the scarcity of indigo they make a dye of chalk from Selinus, or from broken beads, along with woad (which the Greeks call isatis), and obtain a substitute for indigo." + }, + { + "id": 22165, + "la": "Quibus rationibus et rebus ad dispositionem firmitatis quibusque decoras oporteat fieri picturas, item quas habeant omnes colores in se potestates, ut mihi succurrere potuit, in hoc libro perscripsi", + "en": "I have described in this book what suggested itself as of practical use, about the methods and materials required for stability, and how painting is employed in decoration, and, further, about the properties of colours." + }, + { + "id": 22166, + "la": "Itaque omnes aedificationum perfectiones, quam habere debeant opportunitatem ratiocinationis, septem voluminibus sunt finitae; insequenti autem de aqua, si quibus locis non fuerit, quemadmodum inveniatur et qua ratione ducatur quibusque rebus, si erit salubris et idonea, probetur, explicabo", + "en": "Thus in seven books I have defined the right methods of building and the due adjustment of the design. In the following book, which is about water, I will explain how it may be found where it is lacking, how it may be supplied and by what tests we may determine its wholesomeness and suitability for its purpose." + }, + { + "id": 22167, + "la": "Animadvertimus vero non solum nascentia ex his esse procreata, sed etiam res omnes non ali sine eorum potestate neque crescere nec tueri", + "en": "We observe, however, that things are not only created of them at birth, but also are nourished, grow, and are preserved by their power." + }, + { + "id": 22168, + "la": "Namque corpora sine spiritus redundantia non possunt habere vitam, nisi aer influens cum incremento fecerit auctus et remissiones continenter", + "en": "For apart from the flow of breath, bodies cannot have life unless the influx of air continually increases inspiration and respiration." + }, + { + "id": 22169, + "la": "Caloris vero si non fuerit in corpore iusta conparatio, non erit spiritus animalis neque erectio firma, cibique vires non poterunt habere coctionis temperaturam", + "en": "If there is not in the body a due provision of heat, there will be neither breath of life nor firm and upright pose, and the properties of food will lack the effect of digestion." + }, + { + "id": 22170, + "la": "Item si non terrestri cibo membra corporis alantur, deficientur et ita a terreni principii mixtione erunt deserta", + "en": "Again, if the members of the body are not nourished by the produce of the earth they will waste away, being deprived of the mixture of that element." + }, + { + "id": 22171, + "la": "Animalia vero si fuerint sine umoris potestate, exsanguinata et exsucata a principiorum liquore interarescent", + "en": "Animals which lack the water lose their blood and juices, and dry up their liquid part." + }, + { + "id": 22172, + "la": "Igitur divina mens, quae proprie necessaria essent gentibus, non constituit difficilia et cara, uti sunt margaritae, aurum, argentum ceteraque, quae neque corpus nec natura desiderat, sed sine quibus mortalium vita non potest esse tuta, effudit ad manum parata per omnem mundum", + "en": "Therefore the Divine Mind has not made those things which are specially necessary to mankind as inaccessible and expensive as are pearls, gold, silver and the like, which neither our body nor our nature requires, but has poured forth ready to hand through all the world what is necessary for the safety of our mortal life." + }, + { + "id": 22173, + "la": "Itaque ex his, si quid forte defit in corpore spiritus, ad restituendum aer adsignatus id praestat", + "en": "Therefore, if of these elements there is a need of breath, the air appointed to supply it, does so." + }, + { + "id": 22174, + "la": "Apparatus autem ad auxilia caloris solis impetus et ignis inventus tutiorem efficit vitam", + "en": "The heat of the sun and the invention of fire are ready to help us with warmth and to render our life more safe." + }, + { + "id": 22175, + "la": "Item terrenus fructus escarum praestans copiis supervacuis desiderationibus alit et nutrit animales pascendo continenter", + "en": "Further, the fruit of the earth, surpassing our need of food by abundant supplies, feeds and nourishes animals by unfailing diet." + }, + { + "id": 22176, + "la": "Aqua vero non solum potus sed infinitas usu praebendo necessitates, gratas, quod est gratuita, praestat utilitates", + "en": "Water, moreover, by furnishing not only drink but all our infinite necessities, provides its grateful utility as a gracious gift." + }, + { + "id": 22177, + "la": "Ex eo etiam qui sacerdotia gerunt moribus Aegyptiorum, ostendunt omnes res e liquoris potestate consistere", + "en": "Hence also those who fill priesthoods of the Egyptian tradition1 show that all things arise from the principle of water." + }, + { + "id": 22178, + "la": "Itaque cum hydria aqua ad templum aedemque casta religione refertur, tunc in terra procumbentes manibus ad caelum sublatis inventionis gratias agunt divinae benignitati", + "en": "Therefore, after carrying water in a vessel to the precincts and temple with pure reverence, they fall upon the ground, raise their hands to heaven and return thanks to the divine goodwill for its invention." + }, + { + "id": 22179, + "la": "Cum ergo et a physicis et philosophis et ab sacerdotibus iudicetur ex potestate aquae omnes res constare, putavi, quoniam in prioribus septem voluminibus rationes aedificiorum sunt expositae, in hoc oportere de inventionibus aquae, quasque habeat in locorum proprietatibus virtutes, quibusque rationibus ducatur, et quemadmodum ante probetur, scribere", + "en": "Therefore, inasmuch as physicists philosophers and the clergy judge that everything consists of the principle of water, I thought fit that, having explained in the previous seven volumes the methods of building, I should write in the present volume about the discovery of water, the qualities of its special sources, the methods of water-supply and of testing water before using it." + }, + { + "id": 22180, + "la": "Est enim maxime necessaria et ad vitam et ad delectiones et ad usum cotidianum", + "en": "Water is very necessary for life, for delight, for daily use." + }, + { + "id": 22181, + "la": "Ea autem erit facilior, si erunt fontes aperti et fluentes", + "en": "Water will be more accessible if the springs flow in the open." + }, + { + "id": 22182, + "la": "Sin autem non profluent, quaerenda sub terra sunt capita et colligenda", + "en": "But if they do not flow above ground, sources are to be sought and collected underground." + }, + { + "id": 22183, + "la": "Quae sic erunt experienda, uti procumbatur in dentes, antequam sol exortus fuerit, in locis, quibus erit quaerendum, et in terra mento conlocato et fulto prospiciantur eae regiones; sic enim non errabit excelsius quam oporteat visus, cum erit inmotum mentum, sed libratam altitudinem in regionibus certa finitione designabit", + "en": "The method of trial is to fall on ones face before sunrise in the place where the search is to take place, and placing and supporting ones chin on the ground, to look round the neighbourhood. For when the chin is fixed, the sight will not wander higher than it ought, but will mark the same level throughout the landscape, with a definitely limited height." + }, + { + "id": 22184, + "la": "Tunc, in quibus locis videbuntur umores concrispantes et in aera surgentes, ibi fodiatur; non enim in sicco loco hoc potest signum fieri", + "en": "Thereupon digging is to be carried out where moisture seems to curl upwards and rise into the air; for this indication cannot arise on dry ground." + }, + { + "id": 22185, + "la": "Item animadvertendum est quaerentibus aquam, quo genere sint loca; certa enim sunt, in quibus nascitur", + "en": "Those who look out for water must also observe the nature of the ground; for there are certain places where it rises." + }, + { + "id": 22186, + "la": "In creta tenuis et exilis et non alta est copia; ea erit non optimo sapore", + "en": "In clay the supply is thin and scanty and near the surface; this will be not of the best flavour." + }, + { + "id": 22187, + "la": "Item sabulone soluto tenuis, sed inferioris loci invenietur; ea erit limosa et insuavis", + "en": "In loose gravel the supply is scanty but it is found lower down; this water will be muddy and unpleasant." + }, + { + "id": 22188, + "la": "Terra autem nigra sudoris et stillae exiles inveniuntur, quae ex hibernis tempestatibus collectae in spissis et solidis locis subsidunt; haec habent optimum saporem", + "en": "In black earth, moisture and small drops are found; when these gather after the winter rains and settle in hard solid receptacles, they have an excellent flavour." + }, + { + "id": 22189, + "la": "Glarea vero mediocres et non certae venae reperiuntur; hae quoque sunt egregia suavitate", + "en": "But in gravel small and uncertain currents are found; these also are of unusual sweetness." + }, + { + "id": 22190, + "la": "Item sabulone masculo harenaque carbunculo certiores [et stabiliores] sunt copiae; eaeque sunt bono sapore", + "en": "In coarse gravel, common sand and red sand,2 the supply is more certain, and this is of good flavour." + }, + { + "id": 22191, + "la": "Rubro saxo et copiosae et bonae, si non per intervenia dilabantur et liquescant", + "en": "The waters from red rock are copious and good, if they do not disperse through the interstices and melt away." + }, + { + "id": 22192, + "la": "Sub radicibus autem montium et in saxis silicibus uberiores et affluentiores; eaeque frigidiores sunt et salubriores", + "en": "At the foot of mountains3 and in flinty rocks water flows more copiously; and this is more cool and wholesome." + }, + { + "id": 22193, + "la": "Campestribus autem fontibus salsae, graves, tepidae, non suaves, nisi quae ex montibus sub terra submanantes erumpunt in medios campos ibique arborum umbris contectae praestant montanorum fontium suavitatem", + "en": "Springs on level ground are salt, coarse, lukewarm and unpleasant, unless they flow from the mountains underground, and break out in the middle of the fields, and there under the shadows of the trees they furnish the sweetness of mountain springs." + }, + { + "id": 22194, + "la": "Signa autem, quibus terrarum generibus supra scriptum est, ea invenientur nascentia: tenuis iuncus, salix erratica, alnus, vitex, harundo, hedera aliaque, quae eiusmodi sunt, quae non possunt nasci per se sine umore", + "en": "The following growths will be found to show where the kinds of soil already described are found; the slender bulrush, the wild willow, the alder, the agnus castus, reeds, ivy and the like which cannot grow without moisture." + }, + { + "id": 22195, + "la": "Solent autem eadem in lacunis nata esse, quae sidentes praeter reliquum agrum excipiunt ex imbribus et agris per hiemem propterque capacitatem diutius conservant umorem", + "en": "These plants usually grow in marshy places; for these, settling below the level of the rest of the ground, receive water from the rains and from the rest of the land in winter, and because of their capacity retain the moisture." + }, + { + "id": 22196, + "la": "Quibus non est credendum, sed quibus regionibus et terris, non lacunis, ea signa nascuntur, non sata, sed naturaliter per se procreata, ibi est quaerenda", + "en": "We must not rely upon these places, but water is to be sought in those regions and soils other than marshes in which such trees are found naturally, and not artificially planted" + }, + { + "id": 22197, + "la": "In quibus si eae significabuntur inventiones, sic erunt experiundae", + "en": "When such a discovery is indicated, we must make trials in the following way." + }, + { + "id": 22198, + "la": "Fodiatur quoquoversus locus latus ne minus pedes quinque, in eoque conlocetur circiter solis occasum scaphium aereum aut plumbeum aut pelvis", + "en": "A hole is to be dug not less than three feet square and five feet deep, and about sunset a bronze or lead vessel, or a basin, is to be placed there." + }, + { + "id": 22199, + "la": "Ex his quod erit paratum, id intrinsecus oleo ungatur ponaturque inversum, et summa fossura operiatur harundinibus aut fronde, supra terra obruatur; tum postero die aperiatur, et si in vaso stillae sudorisque erunt, is locus habebit aquam", + "en": "Whichever it is, must be smeared inside with oil and put upside down, and the top of the hole covered with rushes or leaves; and earth must be thrown above. On the next day it is to be opened, and if there are drops of water and moisture in the vessel, water will be found." + }, + { + "id": 22200, + "la": "Item si vasum ex creta factum non coctum in ea fossione eadem ratione opertum positum fuerit, si is locus aquam habuerit, cum apertum fuerit, vas umidum erit et iam dissolvetur ab umore", + "en": "Further, if a vessel made of clay, but not burnt, be covered in the same way and put in the pit, if there is water in the place, the vessel will be moist when opened and soon be destroyed by the moisture." + }, + { + "id": 22201, + "la": "Vellusque lanae si conlocatum erit in ea fossura, insequenti autem die de eo aqua expressa erit, significabit eum locum habere copiam", + "en": "Or if a fleece of wool is placed in the hole, and next day water can be squeezed from it, it will show that water is abundant there. Similarly let a lamp be trimmed and filled with oil and lit." + }, + { + "id": 22202, + "la": "Non minus si lucerna concinnata oleique plena et accensa in eo loco operta fuerit conlocata et postero die non erit exusta, sed habuerit reliquias olei et enlychni ipsaque umida invenietur, indicabit eum locum habere aquam, ideo quod omnis tepor ad se ducit umores", + "en": "If it is covered and put in that place and on the following day it is not burnt out, but has traces of the oil and wick and is itself found moist, it will show that water is found there, because all heat draws moisture to itself." + }, + { + "id": 22203, + "la": "Item in eo loco ignis factus si fuerit et percalfacta terra et adusta vaporem nebulosum ex se suscitaverit, is locus habebit aquam", + "en": "Again, if a fire is made there and the soil which is heated and burnt raises a misty vapour from itself, the place will supply water." + }, + { + "id": 22204, + "la": "Cum haec ita erunt pertemptata et, quae supra scripta sunt, signa inventa, tum deprimendus est puteus in eo loco, et si erit caput aquae inventum, plures circa sunt fodiendi et per specus in unum locum omnes conducendi", + "en": "When these experiments have been made and the above mentioned signs of water found, a well is to be sunk. If a head of water is found, several wells are to be sunk round it, and all are to be brought together by underground channels into one place." + }, + { + "id": 22205, + "la": "Haec autem maxime in montibus et regionibus septentrionalibus sunt quaerenda, eo quod in his et suaviora et salubriora et copiosiora inveniuntur", + "en": "Water, however, is to be most sought in mountains and northern regions, because in these parts it is found of sweeter quality, more wholesome and abundant." + }, + { + "id": 22206, + "la": "Aversi enim sunt solis cursui, et in his locis primum crebrae sunt arbores et silvosae, ipsique montes suas habent umbras obstantes et radii solis non directi perveniunt ad terram nec possunt umores exurere", + "en": "For such places are turned away from the suns course, and in these especially are many forest trees; and the mountains themselves have intervening shadows, nor do the suns rays reach the earth directly and cause the moisture to evaporate." + }, + { + "id": 22207, + "la": "Intervallaque montium maxime recipiunt imbres et propter silvarum crebritatem nives ab umbris arborum et montium ibi diutius conservantur, deinde liquatae per terrae venas percolantur et ita perveniunt ad infimas montium radices, ex quibus profluentes fontium erumpunt fructus", + "en": "Valleys between mountains are subject to much rain, and because of the dense forests, snow stands there longer under the shadow of the trees and the hills. Then it melts and percolates through the interstices of the earth and so reaches to the lowest spurs of the mountains, from which the product of the springs flows and bursts forth." + }, + { + "id": 22208, + "la": "Campestribus autem locis contrario non possunt habere copias", + "en": "But on the plains one cannot get supplies of water." + }, + { + "id": 22209, + "la": "Nam quaecumque sunt, non possunt habere salubritatem, quod solis vehemens impetus propter nullam obstantiam umbrarum eripit exhauriendo fervens ex planitie camporum umorem, et si quae sunt aquae apparentes, ex his, quod est levissimum tenuissimumque et subtili salubritate, aer avocans dissipat in impetum caeli, quaeque gravissimae duraeque et insuaves sunt partes, eae in fontibus campestribus relinquuntur", + "en": "And what there is, cannot be wholesome, because, in the absence of shadow, the violent power of the sun catches and drains, by its heat, the moisture from the level fields. And if any water is visible, the air calls out the lightest, thinnest and most subtly wholesome part and dissipates it towards the sky; but the heaviest, the harsh and unpleasant parts, are left in the field springs." + }, + { + "id": 22210, + "la": "Itaque, quae ex imbribus aqua colligitur, salubriores habet virtutes, quod eligitur ex omnibus fontibus levissimis subtilibusque tenuitatibus, deinde per aeris exercitationem percolata tempestatibus liquescendo pervenit ad terram", + "en": "Therefore rain-water has more wholesome qualities, because it comes from the lightest and most finely tenuous of all sources; then filtering through moving air, it liquefies in storms and so reaches the earth." + }, + { + "id": 22211, + "la": "Etiamque non crebriter in campis confluunt imbres, sed in montibus aut ad ipsos montes, ideo quod umores ex terra matutino solis ortu moti cum sunt egressi, in quamcumque partem caeli sunt proclinati, trudunt aera; deinde, cum sunt moti, propter vacuitatem loci post se recipiunt aeris ruentis undas", + "en": "Further, it is not often that rain showers gather in the plains, but rather on the mountains or near them. For moisture rising from the earth being moved by the rising sun at dawn, thrusts the air into whatever part of the sky it tends. Thereupon the moisture thus moved, because of the vacuum, receives behind it the waves of rushing air." + }, + { + "id": 22212, + "la": "Aer autem, qui ruit, trudens quocumque umorem per vim spiritus impetus et undas crescentes facit ventorum", + "en": "Now the air which rushes on, thrusting the moisture in whatever direction, by the violence of the blast causes the rising force and undulations of the winds." + }, + { + "id": 22213, + "la": "A ventis autem quocumque feruntur umores conglobati ex fontibus, ex fluminibus et paludibus et pelago, cum tempore solis colligunt et exhauriunt et ita tollunt in altitudinem nubes", + "en": "Whithersoever the wind carries the massed moisture from springs, from rivers and marshes and the sea, the moisture under the suns influence1 is collected and drawn forth, and the clouds are raised on high." + }, + { + "id": 22214, + "la": "Deinde cum aeris unda nitentes, cum perventum ad montes, ab eorum offensa et procellis propter plenitatem et gravitatem liquescendo disparguntur et ita diffunditur in terras", + "en": "Then the clouds, supported on the wave of air, meet the resistance of the mountains and, becoming liquid in rain-storms, by their fullness and weight, break and their water is poured over the fields." + }, + { + "id": 22215, + "la": "Vaporem autem et nebulas et umores ex terra nasci haec videtur efficere ratio, quod ea habet in se et calores fervidos et spiritus inmanes refrigerationesque et aquarum magnam multitudinem", + "en": "Now vapour and clouds and moisture seem to rise from the earth, for this reason that the earth contains both fervid heat and huge blasts of air, coldness and a large amount of water." + }, + { + "id": 22216, + "la": "Ex eo, cum refrigeratum noctu sol oriens impetu tangit orbem terrae et ventorum flatus oriuntur per tenebras, ab umidis locis egrediuntur in altitudinem nubes", + "en": "Hence when the world is cooled by night, and the rising sun touches it by its force, and gusts of wind rise up through the darkness, the clouds rise on high from the damp places." + }, + { + "id": 22217, + "la": "Aer autem cum a sole percalefactus cum rationibus tollit ex terra umores, licet ex balineis exemplum capere", + "en": "In that the air warmed by the sun through its effect raises moisture from the earth, we can find a parallel in the baths." + }, + { + "id": 22218, + "la": "Nullae enim camerae, quae sunt caldariorum, supra se possunt habere fontes, sed caelum, quod est ibi ex praefurniis ab ignis vapore percalefactum, corripit ex pavimentis aquam et aufert secum in camararum curvaturas et sustinet, ideo quod semper vapor calidus in altitudinem se trudit", + "en": "For the vaulted chambers2 which enclose a hot bath cannot have springs above them, but the ceiling which is there heated with hot air from the furnace, takes up water from the pavement, and carrying it up to the curved surface of the vaulting, supports it, because warm vapour always thrusts upward." + }, + { + "id": 22219, + "la": "Et primo non remittit propter brevitatem, simul autem plus umoris habet congestum, non potest sustinere propter gravitatem, sed stillat supra lavantium capita", + "en": "At first, owing to the slight amount, the ceiling does not drip, but as soon as it has collected more moisture, it cannot keep the water up because of its weight, but sprinkles it on the heads of the bathers." + }, + { + "id": 22220, + "la": "Item eadem ratione caelestis aer, cum ab sole percepit calorem, ex omnibus locis hauriendo tollit umores et congregat ad nubes", + "en": "In the same way the air of the sky, receiving heat from the sun, draws moisture from all directions, lifts it and assembles it into clouds." + }, + { + "id": 22221, + "la": "Ita enim terra fervore tacta eicit umores, etiam corpus hominis ex calore emittit sudores", + "en": "For the earth when it is touched by heat casts forth moisture,'the human body also sweats from warmth." + }, + { + "id": 22222, + "la": "Indices autem sunt eius rei venti, ex quibus qui a frigidissimis partibus veniunt procreati, septentrio et aquilo, extenuatos siccitatibus in aere flatus spirant; auster vero et reliqui, qui a solis cursu impetum faciunt, sunt umidissimi et semper adportant imbres, quod percalefacti ab regionibus fervidis adveniunt, ex omnibus terris labentes eripiunt umores et ita eos profundunt ad septentrionales regiones", + "en": "This is proved by the winds. For those which originate and blow from the coldest quarters, the north and north-east, bring currents of air which are rarefied by their dryness; but the south wind and the rest, which attack us from the south, are very moist and always bring rains, because they come warmed from the hot regions; and as they fall, they take up the moisture everywhere and so pour it forth towards the north." + }, + { + "id": 22223, + "la": "Haec autem sic fieri testimonio possunt esse capita fluminum, quae orbe terrarum chorographiis picta itemque scripta plurima maximaque inveniuntur egressa ad septentrionem", + "en": "A proof of this is found in the sources of rivers, as they are painted on maps of the world,1 and as they are described.2 The most numerous and the largest are found to issue in the north." + }, + { + "id": 22224, + "la": "Primumque in India Ganges et Indus ab Caucaso monte oriuntur; Syria Tigris et Euphrates; Asiae item, Ponto Borysthenes, Hypanis, Tanais; Colchis Phasis; Gallia Rhodanus;", + "en": "First of all in India, the Ganges and Indus rise in the Caucasus; in Syria, the Tigris and Euphrates; in Asian Pontus, the Dnieper, the Boug and the Don; in Colchis, the Phasis; in Gaul, the Rhone;" + }, + { + "id": 22225, + "la": "Celtica Rhenus; citra Alpis Timavos et Padus; Italia Tiberis; Maurusia, quam nostri Mauretaniam appellant, ex monte Atlante Dyris, qui ortus ex septentrionali regione progreditur per occidentem ad lacum Eptagonum et mutato nomine dicitur Agger, deinde ex lacu Eptabolo sub montes desertos subterfluens per meridiana loca manat et influit in Paludem quae appellatur, circumcingit Meroen, quod est Aethiopum meridianorum regnum, ab hisque paludibus se circumagens per flumina Astansobam et Astoboam et alia plura pervenit per montes ad cataractam ab eoque se praecipitans per septentrionalem pervenit inter Elephantida et Syenen Thebaicosque in Aegyptum campos et ibi Nilus appellatur", + "en": "in Celtic territory, the Rhine; south of the Alps, the Timavo and Po; in Italy, the Tiber; in Morocco, which we call Mauretania, the Dyris1 comes from Mount Atlas. This river2 rises in the north, turns to the west to Lake Eptagonus3 and there, changing its name, it is called Agger.4 Thence it flows from Lake Eptabolos6 under mountains of the desert through the south and flows into the Marsh6 so-called. It then winds round Meroe, which is the Southern Ethiopian kingdom, and turning from these marshes through the rivers Astansobas and Astoboas7 and many others, it arrives through the mountains at the Cataract. Thence rushing northwards it passes into Egypt, between Elephantis and Syene and the Theban plain, and is there called the Nile." + }, + { + "id": 22226, + "la": "Ex Mauretania autem caput Nili profluere ex eo maxime cognoscitur, quod ex altera parte montis Atlantis alia capita item profluentia ad occidentem Oceanum, ibique nascuntur ichneumones, crocodili, aliae similes bestiarum pisciumque naturae praeter hippopotamos", + "en": "What shows more than anything else that the source of the Nile rises in Mauretania, is, that on the other side of Mount Atlas there are other springs flowing to the Western Ocean, and in them are found the ichneumon, the crocodile and other animals and fishes of a like nature, but not the hippopotamus." + }, + { + "id": 22227, + "la": "Ergo cum omnia flumina magnitudinibus in orbis terrarum descriptionibus a septentrione videantur profluere Afrique campi, qui sunt in meridianis partibus subiecti solis cursui, latentes penitus habent umores nec fontes crebros amnesque raros, relinquitur, uti multo meliora inveniantur capita fontium, quae ad septentrionem aut aquilonem spectant, nisi si inciderint in sulphurosum locum aut aluminosum seu bituminosum", + "en": "Since then all rivers of magnitude seem according to the descriptions of the world to flow from the north, and the plains of Africa, which are on the south subject to the suns course, have their moisture deeply hidden and few fountains or rivers, it remains that much better sources are found to the north and north-east, unless they come upon sulphur, alum or bitumen." + }, + { + "id": 22228, + "la": "Tunc enim permutantur aut calidae aquae aut frigidae odore malo et sapore profundunt fontes", + "en": "For then they are changed; and either hot or cold, they send forth springs of a bad flavour or odour." + }, + { + "id": 22229, + "la": "Neque enim calidae aquae est ulla proprietas, sed frigida aqua, cum incidit percurrens in ardentem locum, effervescit et percalefacta egreditur per venas extra terram", + "en": "For there is no special character attaching to hot water, but when cold water, as it runs, comes upon hot ground, it seethes and comes out warm through the cracks above ground." + }, + { + "id": 22230, + "la": "Ideo diutius non potest permanere, sed brevi spatio fit frigida", + "en": "Therefore it cannot retain its heat, but soon becomes cold." + }, + { + "id": 22231, + "la": "Namque si naturaliter esset calida, non refrigeraretur calor eius", + "en": "For if it were naturally warm, its warmth would not be subject to chill." + }, + { + "id": 22232, + "la": "Sapor autem et odor et color eius non restituitur, quod intinctus et commixtus est propter naturae raritatem", + "en": "But taste and smell and colour are not surrendered, because it is steeped and blended with these qualities owing to its rarefied texture." + }, + { + "id": 22233, + "la": "Sunt autem etiam nonnulli fontes calidi, ex quibus profluit aqua sapore optimo, quae in potione ita est suavis, uti nec fontalis ab Camenis nec Marcia saliens desideretur", + "en": "There are some hot springs from which water flows of excellent flavour and so pleasant to drink that we miss neither the Fountain of the Camenae2 nor the conduit of the Marcian Aqueduct." + }, + { + "id": 22234, + "la": "Haec autem ab natura perficiuntur his rationibus", + "en": "Hot springs arise naturally in the following way." + }, + { + "id": 22235, + "la": "Cum in imo per alumen aut bitumen seu sulphur ignis excitatur, ardore percandefacit terram, quae est supra se; autem fervidum emittit in superiora loca vaporem, et ita, si qui in is locis, qui sunt supra, fontes dulcis aquae nascuntur, offensi eo vapore effervescunt inter venas et ita profluunt incorrupto sapore", + "en": "Fire arises underground owing to alum or bitumen or sulphur, and by its heat makes the soil above it to glow. It further sends a warm vapour to the surface of the ground, and whatever springs of sweet water rise in such places, meeting this vapour they surge forth between the cracks and flow without damage to their flavour." + }, + { + "id": 22236, + "la": "Sunt etiam odore et sapore non bono frigidi fontes, qui ab inferioribus locis penitus orti per loca ardentia transeunt et ab eo per longum spatium terrae percurrentes refrigerati perveniunt supra terram sapore odore coloreque corrupto, uti in Tiburtina via flumen Albula et in Ardeatino fontes frigidi eodem odore, qui sulphurati dicuntur, et reliquis locis similibus", + "en": "There are also cold springs not of pleasant smell or taste, which, rising far below, pass through hot soil, and thereupon running a long distance are chilled and reach the surface with damage to their flavour, their smell and colour; such as the river Albula1 on the Via Tiburtina,2 and the cold springs near Ardea, with the same smell, and called sulphur springs, and in other like places." + }, + { + "id": 22237, + "la": "Hi autem, cum sunt frigidi, ideo videntur aspectu fervere, quod, cum in ardentem locum alte penitus inciderunt, umore et igni inter se congruentibus offensa vehementi fragore validos recipiunt in se spiritus, et ita inflati vi venti coacti bullientes crebre per fontes egrediuntur", + "en": "Now these springs, being cold, have the appearance of bubbling, because when, deep down, they come upon a hot place, the fire and water meet; and because of the collision, the springs take up with a loud noise the violent currents of air. They are thus forced by the power of the wind driven into them, to issue with much bubbling through the fountains." + }, + { + "id": 22238, + "la": "Ex his autem qui non sunt aperti, sed a saxis continentur, per angustas venas vehementia spiritus extruduntur ad summos grumorum tumulos", + "en": "But those which have no outlet and are contained by rocks, are driven forth through narrow passages by the vehemence of the air-currents to the tops of hillocks." + }, + { + "id": 22239, + "la": "Itaque qui putant se altitudine, qua sunt grumi, capita fontium posse habere, cum aperiunt fossuras latius, decipiuntur", + "en": "Hence those who think that they can have fountain-heads of the same height as the hills find their mistake when they open out their trenches." + }, + { + "id": 22240, + "la": "Namque uti aeneum vas non in summis labris plenum sed aquae mensurae suae capacitatis habens tribus duas partes operculumque in eo conlocatum, cum ignis vehe-menti fervore tangatur, percalefieri cogit aquam, ea autem propter naturalem raritatem in se recipiens fervoris validam inflationem non modo implet vas, sed spiritibus extollens operculum et crescens abundat, sublato autem operculo emissis inflationibus in aere patenti rursus ad suum locum residit: ad eundem modum ea capita fontium cum sunt angustiis conpressa, ruunt in summo spiritus aquae bullitus, simul autem sunt latius aperti, exanimati per raritates liquidae potestatis residunt et restituuntur in libramenti proprietate", + "en": "For instance, let a bronze vessel be filled not to the brim but holding two-thirds, by measure, of its capacity of water; and let a lid be placed upon it. When it is subjected to the vehement heat of the fire, it makes the water boil. Yet, owing to its natural penetrability, it takes up a strong inflation of the heat, and not only fills the vessel but, raising the lid with the currents of air, it expands and boils over. When, however, the lid is removed, the steam passes into the open and the water settles down into its own place again. In the same way when fountain-heads are forced along narrow channels, the currents of air rush in bubbles through the water on the top; as soon as the channels are opened out wider, the springs part with the air through the pores of the liquid potency,1 and, settling down, they regain their proper level." + }, + { + "id": 22241, + "la": "Omnis autem aqua calida ideo [quod] est medicamentosa, quod in pravis rebus percocta aliam virtutem recipit ad usum", + "en": "As to the curative2 power of warm springs, the reason is that the water being thoroughly heated in vitiated soils, takes up an additional and useful quality." + }, + { + "id": 22242, + "la": "Namque sulphurosi fontes nervorum labores reficiunt percalefaciendo exurendoque caloribus e corporibus umores vitiosos", + "en": "For sulphur springs refresh muscular weakness by heating and burning poisonous humours from the body." + }, + { + "id": 22243, + "la": "Aluminosi autem, cum dissoluta membra corporum paralysi aut aliqua vi morbi receperunt, fovendo per patentes venas refrigerationem contraria caloris vi reficiunt, et hoc continenter restituuntur in antiquam membrorum curationem", + "en": "Alum springs affect parts of the body which are dissolved3 by paralysis or some stroke of disease; they warm through the open pores and overcome the cold by the opposing power of the heat, and thus forthwith the diseased parts are restored to their ancient health." + }, + { + "id": 22244, + "la": "Bituminosi autem interioris corporis vitia potionibus purgando solent mederi", + "en": "Bitumen4 springs furnish draughts which purge and heal interior defects." + }, + { + "id": 22245, + "la": "Est autem aquae frigidae genus nitrosum, uti Pinnae Vestinae, Cutiliis aliisque locis similibus, quae potionibus depurgat per alvumque transeundo etiam strumarum minuit tumores", + "en": "There is an alkaline sort of cold spring, as at Penne and Cutili5 and other like places, which, when taken, purges, and passing through the intestines, also lessens scrofulous tumours." + }, + { + "id": 22246, + "la": "Ubi vero aurum, argentum, ferrum, aes, plumbum reliquaeque res earum similes fodiuntur, fontes inveniuntur copiosi, sed hi maxime sunt vitiosi", + "en": "But when gold, silver, iron, copper, lead and the like are mined, abundant springs are found, but mostly impure." + }, + { + "id": 22247, + "la": "Habent enim vitia aquae calidae sulphur alumen bitumen, eademque, per potiones cum in corpus iniit et per venas permanando nervos attingit et artus, eos durat inflando", + "en": "They have the impurities of hot springs, sulphur, alum, bitumen; and when the water is taken into the body and, flowing through the vessels, reaches the muscles and joints, it hardens them by expansion." + }, + { + "id": 22248, + "la": "Igitur nervi inflatione turgentes e longitudine contrahuntur et ita aut nervicos aut podagricos efficiunt homines, ideo quod ex durissimis et spissioribus frigidissimisque rebus intinctas habent venarum raritates", + "en": "Therefore the muscles swelling with expansion are contracted in length. In this way men suffer from cramp or gout, because they have the pores of the vessels saturated with hard, thick and cold particles." + }, + { + "id": 22249, + "la": "Aquae autem species est, quae cum habeat non satis perlucidas et ipsa uti flos natat in summo, colore similis vitri purpurei", + "en": "There is a kind of water which has pores insufficiently clear; a foam floats on the top, in colour like blue glass." + }, + { + "id": 22250, + "la": "Haec maxime considerantur Athenis", + "en": "This is especially seen at Athens" + }, + { + "id": 22251, + "la": "Ibi enim ex eiusmodi locis et fontibus in asty et ad portum Piraeum ducti sunt salientes, e quibus bibit nemo propter eam causam, sed lavationibus et reliquis rebus utuntur, bibunt autem ex puteis et ita vitant eorum vitia", + "en": "where conduits1 from such places and fountains are taken to the city and the Piraeus. No one drinks from it because of the reason given, but they use it for baths and so forth. They drink from wells and thus avoid its ill effect." + }, + { + "id": 22252, + "la": "Troezeni non potest id vitari, quod omnino aliud genus aquae non reperitur, nisi quod cibdeli habeant; itaque in ea civitate aut omnes aut maxima parte sunt pedibus vitiosi", + "en": "This cannot be avoided at Troezene, because no other water is found there at all, except what is furnished by polluted springs; therefore in that city either all or the greatest part suffer from their feet." + }, + { + "id": 22253, + "la": "Cilicia vero civitate Tarso flumen est nomine Cydnos, in quo podagrici crura macerantes levantur dolore", + "en": "In the Cilician city Tarsus there is a river, Cydnus by name, in which gouty persons bathe their legs to relieve the pain." + }, + { + "id": 22254, + "la": "Sunt autem et alia multa genera, quae habent suas proprietates, ut in Sicilia flumen est Himeras, quod, a fonte cum est progressum, dividitur in duas partes; quae pars profluit contra Etruriam, quod per terrae dulcem sucum percurrit, est infinita dulcedine, quae altera parte per eam terram currit, unde sal foditur, salsum habet saporem", + "en": "There are many other kinds of water which have their properties. In Sicily, the river Himeras,2 on leaving its source, divides into two branches: one flows towards the coast which faces Etruria and is of infinite sweetness, because it runs through the sweet juices of the soil; the other stream which runs through the other part where there are salt mines has a salt flavour." + }, + { + "id": 22255, + "la": "Item Paraetonio et quod est iter ad Ammonem et Casio ad Aegyptum lacus sunt palustres, qui ita sunt salsi, ut habeant insuper se salem congelatum", + "en": "At Paraetonium and on the road to the oracle of Ammon, and at Mt. Casius in Egypt, there are marshy lakes which contain so much salt that it cakes over them." + }, + { + "id": 22256, + "la": "Sunt autem et aliis pluribus locis et fontes et flumina lacus, qui per salifodinas percurrentes necessario salsi perficiuntur", + "en": "In many other places there are springs and rivers and lakes which run through salt mines and necessarily are made salt." + }, + { + "id": 22257, + "la": "Alii autem per pingues terrae venas profluentes uncti oleo fontes erumpunt, uti Solis, quod oppidum est Ciliciae, flumen nomine Liparis, in quo natantes aut lavantes ab ipsa aqua unguntur", + "en": "Other fountains flow through rich veins of soil and spring up with an oily surface. At Soli, a town of Cilicia, there is a river named Liparis, and those who swim or wash in it are oiled by the water." + }, + { + "id": 22258, + "la": "Similiter Aethiopiae lacus est, qui unctos homines efficit, qui in eo nataverint, et India, qui sereno caelo emittit olei magnam multitudinem, item Carthagini fons, in quo natat insuper oleum, odore uti scobe citreo; quo oleo etiam pecora solent ungui", + "en": "There is also a lake of Ethiopia which anoints men who swim in it, and another in India which in clear weather produces a great amount of oil. There is also a spring at Carthage1 on which there floats an oil with the perfume of cedar-shavings, and with this oil, sheep are usually dressed." + }, + { + "id": 22259, + "la": "Zacyntho et circa Dyrrachium et Apolloniam fontes sunt, qui picis magnam multitudinem cum aqua evomunt", + "en": "In Zacynthus and round Dyrrachium and Apollonia2 are springs which discharge with the water a great amount of pitch." + }, + { + "id": 22260, + "la": "Babylone lacus amplissima magnitudine, qui limne asphaltitis appellatur, habet supra natans liquidum bitumen; quo bitumine et latere testaceo structum murum Sameramis circumdedit Babylonem", + "en": "At Babylon there is a lake of wide extent which is called the Asphalt Lake, with liquid bitumen floating on it. Semiramis built a wall round Babylon of this bitumen and burnt-brick." + }, + { + "id": 22261, + "la": "Item Iope in Syria Arabiaque Numidarum lacus sunt inmani magnitudine, qui emittunt bituminis maximas moles, quas diripiunt qui habitant circa", + "en": "At Joppa in Syria, also, and in Nomad3 Arabia are lakes of immense size producing much bitumen which is gathered by the neighbouring tribes." + }, + { + "id": 22262, + "la": "Id autem non est mirandum; nam crebrae sunt ibi lapidicinae bituminis duri", + "en": "This is not surprising, because there are many quarries of hard bitumen there." + }, + { + "id": 22263, + "la": "Cum ergo per bituminosam terram vis erumpit aquae, secum extrahit et, cum sit egressa extra terram, secernitur et ita reicit ab se bitumen", + "en": "When, therefore, a spring of water rushes through the bituminous land, it draws the bitumen with it, and passing outside, the water separates and deposits the bitumen." + }, + { + "id": 22264, + "la": "Etiamque est in Cappadocia in itinere, quod est inter Mazaca et Tyana, lacus amplus, in quem lacum pars sive harundinis sive alii generis si dimissa fuerit et postero die exempta, ea pars, quae fuerit exempta, invenietur lapidea, quae autem pars extra aquam manserit, permanet in sua proprietate", + "en": "Again, in Cappadocia, on the road between Mazaca4 and Tyana, there is a great lake; if part of a reed or any other substance is let fall into it and taken out the next day, it is turned to stone, and the part which remains outside the water stays as it is." + }, + { + "id": 22265, + "la": "Ad eundem modum Hierapoli Phrygiae effervet aquae calidae multitudo, e quibus circum hortos et vineas fossis ductis inmittitur; haec autem efficitur post annum crusta lapidea", + "en": "In the same way at Hierapolis in Phrygia5 abundance of hot water boils up, from which a supply is taken by channels round the orchards and vineyards. After a year the water leaves a stony crust." + }, + { + "id": 22266, + "la": "Ita quotannis dextra ac sinistra margines ex terra faciundo inducunt eam et efficiunt in his crustis in agris saepta", + "en": "So every year they make banks of soil to the right and left, let in the water, and with the incrustations build enclosures in the fields." + }, + { + "id": 22267, + "la": "Hoc autem ita videtur naturaliter fieri, quod in is locis et ea terra, quibus is nascitur, sucus subest coaguli naturae similis; deinde cum commixta vis egreditur per fontes extra terram, a solis et aeris calore cogitur congelari, ut etiam in areis salinarum videtur", + "en": "The cause of this seems to be natural, in that in these places and in the soil where this happens there is a fluid like the nature of rennet; thereupon when this potency is blended and comes above ground in the springs, it is solidified by the heat of the sun and air, as appears in salt pits." + }, + { + "id": 22268, + "la": "Item sunt ex amaro suco terrae fontes exeuntes vehementer amari, ut in Ponto est flumen Hypanis", + "en": "There are also sources arising from the bitter juice of the soil and exceedingly bitter, like those of the Boug." + }, + { + "id": 22269, + "la": "A capite profluit circiter milia xl sapore dulcissimo; deinde, cum pervenit ad locum, qui est ab ostio ad milia clx, admiscetur ei fonticulus oppido quam parvolus", + "en": "This river flows about 40 miles from its source with very sweet water. Then, when it reaches a spot 160 miles from its mouth, it is joined by a quite small spring." + }, + { + "id": 22270, + "la": "Is cum in eum influit, tunc tanta magnitudine fluminis facit amaram, ideo quod per id genus terrae et venas, unde sandaracam fodiunt, ea aqua manando perficitur amara", + "en": "On flowing into the river it makes the broad stream bitter; and this is because the water is made bitter by flowing through the kind of soil and the veins of earth from which they mine red lead." + }, + { + "id": 22271, + "la": "Haec autem dissimilibus saporibus a terrae proprietate perficiuntur, uti etiam in fructibus videtur", + "en": "These also acquire different flavours from the properties of the soil, as we observe in the case of fruits." + }, + { + "id": 22272, + "la": "Si enim radices arborum aut vitium aut reliquorum seminum non ex terrae proprietatibus sucum capiendo ederent fructus, uno genere essent in omnibus locis et regionibus omnium sapores", + "en": "For if the roots of trees or vines or other plants2 did not produce their fruits by absorbing their juice from the properties of the soil, the flavour of each species would be the same in every district and region." + }, + { + "id": 22273, + "la": "Sed animadvertimus insulam Lesbon vinum protropum, Maeoniam Catacecaumeniten, Lydiam Tmoliten, Siciliam Mamertinum, Campaniam Falernum, in Terracinam et Fundis Caecubum reliquisque locis pluribus innumerabili multitudine genera vini virtutesque procreari", + "en": "But we observe the island of Lesbos and the Protropos4 (a sweet wine); Maeonia and the Catacecaumenite,5 Lydia and the Tmolite, Sicily and the Mamertine,1 Campania and the Falernian, at Terracina and Fundi the Caecuban, and in many other places kinds and flavours of wine are produced in a countless multitude." + }, + { + "id": 22274, + "la": "Quae non aliter possunt fieri, nisi, cum terrenus umor suis proprietatibus saporis in radicibus sit infusus, enutrit materiam, per quam egrediens ad cacumen profundat proprium loci et generis sui fructus saporem", + "en": "This would not happen unless the juices of the soil, being infused with their characteristic flavour into the roots, fed the tree, and rising to the top, produced the flavour proper to the kind of vine and the locality." + }, + { + "id": 22275, + "la": "Quodsi terra generibus umorum non esset dissimilis et disparata, non tantum in Syria et Arabia in harundinibus et iuncis herbisque omnibus essent odores, neque arbores turiferae, neque piperis darent bacas, nec murrae glaebulae, nec Cyrenis in ferulis laser nasceretur, sed in omni terra regionibus eodem genere omnia procrearentur", + "en": "For unless the soil were unlike and disparate in its juices, not only in Syria and Arabia would there be perfumes in the reeds, rushes, and all herbs, nor incense-bearing trees; nor would they yield pepper berries, nor would there grow flakes of myrrh; nor in Cyrene would the assafetida grow in the stalks of silphium. But in every land and region everything would be produced of the same kind." + }, + { + "id": 22276, + "la": "Has autem varietates regionibus et locis inclinatio mundi et solis impetus propius aut longius cursum faciendo tales efficit terrae umorisque qualitates nec solum in his rebus, sed etiam in pecoribus et armentis haec non ita similiter efficerentur, nisi proprietates singularum terrarum in generibus ad solis potestatem temperarentur", + "en": "On the other hand, these varieties are produced in regions and localities by the climate and the nearer or more distant course of the sun, and are made such by the qualities of the juices of the soil. To go beyond these, the like differences would not arise in flocks and herds unless the properties of the several soils in their own kinds were acquired according to the suns power." + }, + { + "id": 22277, + "la": "Sunt enim Boeotiae flumina Cephisos et Melas, Lucanis Crathis, Troia Xanthus inque agris Clazomeniorum et Erythraeorum et Laodicensium fontes", + "en": "For in Boeotia are the rivers Cephisus and Melas; among the Lucanians, the Crathis; in Troy, the Xanthus; in the territories of Clazomenae, Erythrae and of Laodicea, there are springs." + }, + { + "id": 22278, + "la": "Ad flumina cum pecora suis temporibus anni parantur ad conceptionem partus, per id tempus adiguntur eo cotidie potum, ex eoque, quamvis sint alba, procreant aliis locis leucophaea, aliis locis pulla, aliis coracino colore", + "en": "When the cattle in their own season are about to bring forth, they are taken daily during that time of the year to the river to drink. Thereby, although they are maybe white, they bring forth young in some places of a dun colour, in other places of dark grey, in others raven-black." + }, + { + "id": 22279, + "la": "Ita proprietas liquoris, cum int in corpus, proseminat intinctam sui cuiusque generis qualitatem", + "en": "Thus the property of the liquid when it enters the body produces the kind of quality with which it is tinctured." + }, + { + "id": 22280, + "la": "Igitur quod in campis Troianis proxime flumen armenta rufa et pecora leucophaea nascuntur, ideo id flumen Ilienses Xanthum appellavisse dicuntur", + "en": "Therefore the Trojans are said to have given the name Xanthus1 or Chestnut to the river which flows in the plains of Troy, because in its neighbourhood the cattle are red and the sheep of a light brown colour." + }, + { + "id": 22281, + "la": "Etiamque inveniuntur aquae genera mortifera, quae per maleficum sucum terrae percurrentia recipiunt in se vim venenatam, uti fuisse dicitur Terracinae fons, qui vocabatur Neptunius, ex quo qui biberant inprudentes, vita privabantur; quapropter antiqui eum obstruxisse dicuntur", + "en": "Kinds of water are also found which cause death; these run through dangerous juices of the soil and acquire a poisonous property. Such is said to have been the spring at Terracina which was called Neptunes; people who drank of it unwittingly lost their lives. For this reason, the ancients are said to have stopped it up." + }, + { + "id": 22282, + "la": "Et Chrobsi Thracia lacus, ex quo non solum qui biberint, moriuntur, sed etiam qui laverint", + "en": "At Chrobs2 in Thrace there is a lake which brings death not only to those who drink of it, but to those who bathe in it." + }, + { + "id": 22283, + "la": "Item in Thessalia fons est profluens, ex quo fonte nec pecus ullum gustat nec bestiarum genus ullum propius accedit; ad quem fontem proxime est arbor florens purpureo colore", + "en": "There is also, in Thessaly,3 a running spring of which sheep do not taste, nor do wild animals approach it; near the spring is a tree bearing a purple flower." + }, + { + "id": 22284, + "la": "Non minus in Macedonia quod loci sepultus est Euripides, dextra ac sinistra monumenti adveni-entes duo rivi concurrunt", + "en": "Again, at the tomb of Euripides in Macedonia, two streams flowing to the right and the left of the monument come together." + }, + { + "id": 22285, + "la": "In unum, viatores pransitare solent propter aquae bonitatem, ad rivum autem, qui est ex altera parte monumenti, nemo accedit, quod mortiferam aquam dicitur habere", + "en": "At the one stream, travellers recline and take their lunch because of the goodness of the water; but no one approaches the stream on the other side of the monument, because it is said to have poisonous water." + }, + { + "id": 22286, + "la": "Item est in Arcadia Nonacris nominata terrae regio, quae habet in montibus ex saxo stillantes frigidissimos umores", + "en": "There is also in Arcadia a district called Nonacris,4 where among the hills icy-cold water drips from the rock." + }, + { + "id": 22287, + "la": "Haec autem aqua Stygos Hydor nominatur, quam neque argentum neque aeneum nec ferreum vas potest sustinere, sed dissilit et dissipatur", + "en": "This is called the Water of Styx. Neither vessels of silver, nor of bronze, nor of iron can contain it, but it bursts the vessels and is lost." + }, + { + "id": 22288, + "la": "Conservare autem eam et continere nihil aliud potest nisi mulina ungula, quae etiam memoratur ab Antipatro in provinciam ubi erat Alexander, per Iollam filium perlata esse et ab eo ea aqua regem esse necatum", + "en": "Nothing but the hoof of a mule can contain and keep it. In this way it is said to have been conveyed by Antipater,1 through his son Iollas, to the province where Alexander was, and the king was killed by Antipater2 with this water." + }, + { + "id": 22289, + "la": "Item Alpibus in Cotti regno est aqua; qui gustant, statim concidunt", + "en": "There is a spring in the Alps in the kingdom of Cottius,3 and those who taste of it, at once fall dead." + }, + { + "id": 22290, + "la": "Agro autem Falisco via Campana in campo Corneto est lucus, in quo fons oritur; ubique avium et lacertarum reliquarumque serpentium ossa iacentia apparent", + "en": "On the Via Campana in the Falerian district in the neighbourhood of Cornetum there is a spring in a grove; everywhere the skeletons of birds, lizards and other snakes are seen lying." + }, + { + "id": 22291, + "la": "Item sunt nonnullae acidae venae fontium, uti Lyncesto et in Italia Velino, Campania Teano aliisque locis pluribus, quae hanc habent virtutem, uti calculos, in vesicis qui nascuntur in corporibus hominum, potionibus discutiant", + "en": "There are also some acid springs, as in Lyncestis,4 and in Italy5 at Velia, at Teanum in Campania and many other places, which have this property that, when they are drunk, they dissolve the stones which form in the human bladder." + }, + { + "id": 22292, + "la": "Fieri autem hoc naturaliter ideo videtur, quod acer et acidus sucus subest in ea terra, per quam egredientes venae intinguntur acritudine, et ita, cum in corpus inierunt, dissipant quae ex aquarum subsidentia in corporibus et concrescentia offenderunt", + "en": "This seems to happen by nature, because a sharp and acid juice is present in the soil, and when currents of water pass out of it, they are tinctured with acridity. Hence when they enter the body, they disperse what they meet as the water settles and solidifies in the body." + }, + { + "id": 22293, + "la": "Quare autem discutiantur ex acidis eae res, sic possumus animadvertere", + "en": "We can observe the reason why these are dissolved by acid." + }, + { + "id": 22294, + "la": "Ovum in aceto si diutius positum fuerit, cortex eius mollescet et dissolvetur", + "en": "If an egg is put in vinegar for some time, the shell will become soft and dissolve." + }, + { + "id": 22295, + "la": "Item plumbum, quod est lentissimum et gravissimum, si in vase conlocatum fuerit et in eo acetum suffusum, id autem opertum et oblitum erit, efficietur, uti plumbum dissolvatur, et fiet cerussa", + "en": "When lead also, which is very pliant and heavy, is placed in a vessel and vinegar is poured in, and the vessel is covered over and sealed, the lead will be dissolved and it will become white lead." + }, + { + "id": 22296, + "la": "Eisdem rationibus aes, quod etiam solidiore est natura, similiter curatum si fuerit, dissipabitur et fiet aerugo", + "en": "In the same way, brass, which is still more solid, if it is treated in like manner, will be dissolved and changed into verdigris." + }, + { + "id": 22297, + "la": "Item margarita", + "en": "So also pearls;" + }, + { + "id": 22298, + "la": "Non minus saxa silicea, quae neque ferrum neque ignis potest per se dissolvere, cum ab igni sunt percalefacta, aceto sparso dissiliunt et dissolvuntur", + "en": "and flints, which neither iron nor fire can dissolve of itself, when they are heated in the fire and sprinkled with acid, fly asunder and are dissolved." + }, + { + "id": 22299, + "la": "Ergo cum has res ante oculos ita fieri videamus, ratiocinemur isdem rationibus ex acidis propter acritudinem suci etiam calculosos e natura rerum similiter posse curari", + "en": "Therefore, since we see these processes before our eyes, we shall conclude by the same arguments that persons suffering from stone can be cured naturally in like manner by acids owing to their pungency." + }, + { + "id": 22300, + "la": "Sunt autem etiam fontes uti vino mixti, quemadmodum est unus Paphlagoniae, ex quo eam sine vino potantes fiunt temulenti", + "en": "There are also springs, as it were, mixed with wine, such as one in Paphlagonia, and persons drinking it without wine become drunk." + }, + { + "id": 22301, + "la": "Aequiculis autem in Italia et in Alpibus natione Medullorum est genus aquae, quam qui bibunt, efficiuntur turgidis gutturibus", + "en": "Among the Aquiculi in Italy and among the tribe of the Medulli in the Alps, there is a kind of water which causes goitre2 among those who drink it." + }, + { + "id": 22302, + "la": "Arcadia vero civitas est non ignota Clitor, in cuius agris est spelunca profluens aqua, e qua qui biberint, fiunt abstemii", + "en": "In Arcadia there is the city of Clitor, not unknown,3 in the lands of which there is a cave with running water, and those who drink of it become abstemious." + }, + { + "id": 22303, + "la": "Ad eum autem fontem epigramma est in lapide inscriptum: haec sententiae versibus graecis: eam non esse idoneam ad lavandum, sed etiam inimicam vitibus, quod apud eum fontem Melampus sacrificiis purgavisset rabiem Proeti filiarum restituissetque earum virginum mentes in pristinam sanitatem", + "en": "Against the spring there is an inscription engraved on the stone. This is the meaning of the Greek verses: that the water is not fit for washing and is also harmful to vines, because at this spring Melampus with sacrifices cleansed the madness of the daughters of Proetus and restored the minds of the girls to their former sanity." + }, + { + "id": 22304, + "la": "Sunt etiam nonnullis locis fontium proprietates, quae procreant qui ibi nascuntur egregiis vocibus ad cantandum, uti Tarso, Magnesiae, aliis eiusmodi regionibus", + "en": "There are in some places springs which have the property of causing those who are born there to have fine voices for singing; such as at Tarsus, in Magnesia, and elsewhere." + }, + { + "id": 22305, + "la": "Etiamque Zama est civitas Afrorum, cuius moenia rex Iuba duplici muro saepsit ibique regiam domum sibi constituit", + "en": "Further, there is in Africa the city of Zama1 the ramparts of which King Juba2 enclosed with a double wall, and built his palace there." + }, + { + "id": 22306, + "la": "Ab ea milia passus xx est oppidum Ismuc, cuius agrorum regiones incredibili finitae sunt terminatione", + "en": "Twenty miles away is the town of Ismuc. The area of the lands of this city is marked by an incredible barrier." + }, + { + "id": 22307, + "la": "Cum esset enim Africa parens et nutrix ferarum bestiarum, maxime serpentium, in eius agris oppidi nulla nascitur, et si quando adlata ibi ponatur, statim moritur; neque id solum, sed etiam terra ex his locis si alio translata fuerit, et ibi", + "en": "Africa is the mother and nurse of wild creatures, especially snakes, but they do not grow in the neighbourhood of Zama; and if at any time a snake is brought and put there, it dies on the spot. Not only so, but even if soil is taken from these places elsewhere the same thing happens there." + }, + { + "id": 22308, + "la": "Id genus terrae etiam Balearibus dicitur esse", + "en": "(The soil of the Balearic Isles is said to be of that kind.)" + }, + { + "id": 22309, + "la": "Sed aliam mirabiliorem virtutem ea habet terra, quam ego sic accepi", + "en": "It has, however, a still more remarkable quality which I learnt in the following way." + }, + { + "id": 22310, + "la": "Gaius Iulius Masinissae filius, cuius erant totius oppidi agrorum possessiones, cum patre Caesare militavit", + "en": "Gaius Julius, the son of Masinissa, who held possession of the whole lands of the city, fought on the side of the late emperor." + }, + { + "id": 22311, + "la": "Is hospitio meo est usus", + "en": "He sometimes stayed with me," + }, + { + "id": 22312, + "la": "Ita cotidiano convictu necesse fuerat de philologia disputare", + "en": "and in our daily intercourse we were often driven to talk about scholarship." + }, + { + "id": 22313, + "la": "Interim cum esset inter nos de aquae potestate et eius virtutibus sermo, exposuit esse in ea terra eiusmodi fontes, ut, qui ibi procrearentur, voces ad cantandum egregias haberent, ideoque semper transmarinos catlastros emere formonsos et puellas maturas eosque coniungere, ut, qui nascerentur ex his, non solum voce egregia sed etiam forma essent non invenusta", + "en": "Once the question arose between us about the potency of water and its virtues. He informed me that, in his country, there were springs such that those who were born in the neighbourhood had fine singing voices, and that they bought from time to time across the sea handsome youths and grown-up girls and mated them so that their children might have fine voices and good looks as well." + }, + { + "id": 22314, + "la": "Cum haec tanta varietas sit disparibus rebus natura distributa quod humanum corpus est ex aliqua parte terrenum, in eo autem multa genera sunt umorum, uti sanguinis, lactis, sudoris, urinae, lacrimarum: ergo si in parva particula terreni tanta discrepantia invenitur saporum, non est mirandum, si tam in magnitudine terrae innumerabilis sucorum reperientur varietates, per quarum venas aquae vis percurrens tincta pervenit ad fontium egressus, et ita ex eo dispares variique perficiuntur in propriis generibus fontes propter locorum discrepantiam et regionum qualitates terrarumque dissimiles proprietates", + "en": "Since, therefore, such variety is produced by nature among diverse things, in that the human body is in part earthy, and at the same time contains humours of many kinds, blood, milk, sweat, urine, tears; if, therefore, in a small particle of the earthy there is found such a discrepancy of flavours, we need not wonder if in the expanse of earth there shall be found such innumerable varieties of juices. The watery energy passing along their channels is tinctured with them when it reaches the outflow of the springs. Thus for this reason springs are rendered disparate and various in their several kinds, because of the divergence of localities and the qualities of regions and the unlike qualities of soils." + }, + { + "id": 22315, + "la": "Ex his autem rebus sunt nonnulla, quae ego per me perspexi, cetera in libris graecis scripta inveni, quorum scriptorum hi sunt auctores: Theophrastos, Timaeus, Posidonios, Hegesias, Herodotus, Aristides, Metrodorus, qui magna vigilantia et infinito studio locorum proprietates, aquarum virtutes ab inclinatione caelique regionum qualitates ita esse distributas scriptis dedicaverunt", + "en": "Of these facts there are some which I have observed myself; others I have found recorded in Greek works of which I name the authors: Theo-phrastus,1 Timaeus,2 Posidonios,3 Hegesias,4 Herodotus,5 Aristides,6 Metrodorus.7 These writers, with close attention and unlimited pains, have declared the properties of localities, the virtues of different waters, and by reference to climate, the distribution of regional qualities." + }, + { + "id": 22316, + "la": "Quorum secutus ingressus in hoc libro perscripsi quae satis esse putavi de aquae varietatibus, quo facilius ex his praescriptionibus eligant homines aquae fontes, quibus ad usum salientes possint ad civitates municipiaque perducere", + "en": "Following in their footsteps, I have recorded in this book what I thought enough about the different kinds of water, so that from these instructions springs of water might be chosen from which conduits could be taken for the supply of cantons and towns." + }, + { + "id": 22317, + "la": "Nulla enim ex omnibus rebus tantas habere videtur ad usum necessitates, quantas aqua, ideo quod omnium animalium natura, si frumenti fructu privata fuerit, arbustivo aut carne aut piscatu aut etiam qualibet ex his reliquis rebus escarum utendo poterit tueri vitam, sine aqua vero nec corpus animalium nec ulla cibi virtus potest nasci nec tueri nec parari", + "en": "For of all things, not one seems to be so necessary for use as water, since the nature of all animals, though it be deprived of the use of com, can maintain life from shrubs or meat or fish or some other provender. But without water, neither the animal frame nor any virtue of food can originate, be maintained, or provided." + }, + { + "id": 22318, + "la": "Quare magna diligentia industriaque quaerendi sunt et eligendi fontes ad humanae vitae salubritatem", + "en": "Hence great diligence and industry must be used in seeking and choosing springs to serve the health of man." + }, + { + "id": 22319, + "la": "Expertiones autem et probationes eorum sic sunt providendae", + "en": "The discovery and testing of springs is to be pursued in the following manner." + }, + { + "id": 22320, + "la": "Si erunt profluentes et aperti, antequam duci incipiantur, aspiciantur animoque advertantur, qua membratura sint qui circa eos fontes habitant homines; et si erunt corporibus valentibus, coloribus nitidis, cruribus non vitiosis, non lippis oculis, erunt probatissimi", + "en": "When they are abundant and in the open, we are to observe and consider, before we begin to lay the water on, what is the physique of those who live in the neighbourhood. If they are strong, of clear complexion, free from distortion and from inflamed eyes, the water will pass." + }, + { + "id": 22321, + "la": "Item si fons novos fossus fuerit, et in vas corinthium sive alterius generis, quod erit ex aere bono, ea aqua sparsa maculam non fecerit, optima est", + "en": "Again, if a fresh spring be dug, and the water, being sprinkled over a vessel of Corinthian,1 or any other good bronze, leave no trace, the water is very good." + }, + { + "id": 22322, + "la": "Itemque in aeneo si ea aqua defervefacta et postea requieta et defusa fuerit, neque in eius aenei fundo harena aut limus invenietur, ea aqua erit item probata", + "en": "Or if water is boiled in a copper vessel and is allowed to stand and then poured off, it will also pass the test, if no sand or mud is found in the bottom of the copper vessel." + }, + { + "id": 22323, + "la": "Item si legumina in vas cum ea aqua coiecta ad ignem posita celeriter percocta fuerint, indicabunt aquam esse bonam et salubrem", + "en": "Again, if vegetables being put in the vessel with water and boiled, are soon cooked, they will show that the water is good and wholesome." + }, + { + "id": 22324, + "la": "Non etiam minus ipsa aqua, quae erit in fonte, si fuerit limpida et perlucida, quoque pervenerit aut profluxerit, muscus non nascetur neque iuncus, neque inquinatus ab aliquo inquinamento is locus fuerit, sed puram habuerit speciem, innuitur his signis esse tenuis et in summa salubritate", + "en": "Likewise, if the water itself in the spring is limpid and transparent and if wherever it comes or passes, neither moss nor reeds grow nor is the place defiled by any filth, but maintains a clear appearance, the water is indicated by these signs to be light and most wholesome." + }, + { + "id": 22325, + "la": "Nunc de perductionibus ad habitationes moeniaque, ut fieri oporteat, explicabo", + "en": "I will now explain the supply of water to country houses and to towns." + }, + { + "id": 22326, + "la": "Cuius ratio est prima perlibratio", + "en": "The first stage is to fix levels." + }, + { + "id": 22327, + "la": "Libratur autem dioptris autlibris aquariis aut chorobate, sed diligentius efficitur per chorobaten, quod dioptrae libraeque fallunt", + "en": "This is done by dioptrae, or water levels, or the chorobates.1 But the more accurate method is by the chorobates because the dioptrae and the water levels mislead." + }, + { + "id": 22328, + "la": "Chorobates autem est regula longa circiter pedum viginti", + "en": "The chorobates is a straight plank about twenty feet long." + }, + { + "id": 22329, + "la": "Ea habet ancones in capitibus extremis aequali modo perfectos inque regulae capitibus ad normam coagmentatos, et inter regulam et ancones a cardinibus conpacta transversaria, quae habent lineas ad perpendiculum recte descriptas pendentiaque ex regula perpendicula in singulis partibus singula, quae, cum regula est conlocata, ea quae tangent aeque ac pariter lineas describtionis, indicant libratam conlocationem", + "en": "At the extreme ends it has legs made to correspond, and fastened at right angles to the ends of the plank, and, between the plank and the legs, cross-pieces joined by tenons. These have lines accurately drawn to a perpendicular, and plummets hanging severally over the lines from the plank. When the plank is in position, the perpendiculars which touch equally and of like measure the lines marked, indicate the level position of the instrument." + }, + { + "id": 22330, + "la": "Sin autem ventus interpellaverit et motionibus lineae non potuerint certam significationem facere, tunc habeat in superiore parte canalem longum pedes v, latum digitum, altum sesquidigitum, eoque aqua infundatur, et si aequaliter aqua canalis summa labra tanget, scietur esse libratum", + "en": "But if the wind disturbs and, owing to their movements, the lines cannot give a certain indication, a channel is to be put on the top side of the plank, five feet long, an inch wide and an inch and a half deep. Let water be poured in. If the water evenly touches the lips of the channel, we shall know that the levelling is successful." + }, + { + "id": 22331, + "la": "Ita eo chorobate cum perlibratum ita fuerit, scietur, quantum habuerit fastigii", + "en": "Further, when we have levelled with the chorobates, we shall know the amount of the fall." + }, + { + "id": 22332, + "la": "Fortasse, qui Archimedis libros legit, dicet non posse fieri veram ex aqua librationem, quod ei placet aquam non esse libratam, sed sphaeroides habere schema sed ibi habere centrum, quo loci habet orbis terrarum", + "en": "Perhaps the student of the works of Archimedes may say that true levelling cannot be made by means of water, because his theory is that the surface of water is not level, but is that of a sphere of which the centre is that of the earth." + }, + { + "id": 22333, + "la": "Hoc autem, sive plana est aqua seu sphaeroides, necesse est: extrema capita regulae sit pariter sustinere regulam aquam; sin autem proclinatum erit ex una parte, quae erit altior, non habuerit regulae canalis in summis labris aquam", + "en": "But whether the surface of the water is plane or spherical, it is necessary that the extreme ends of the plank should uphold the water evenly. But if there be a fall at one end, the end which is higher will not have water up to the lips of the channel." + }, + { + "id": 22334, + "la": "Necesse est enim, quocumque aqua sit infusa, in medio inflationem curvaturamque habere, sed capita dextra ac sinistra inter se librata esse", + "en": "For while it is necessary that where water is poured along, there should be an inflation and curvature in the middle, it is also necessary that the ends, right and left, should be level one with another." + }, + { + "id": 22335, + "la": "Exemplar autem chorobati erit in extremo volumine descriptum", + "en": "A drawing of the chorobates is furnished at the end of the book." + }, + { + "id": 22336, + "la": "Et si erit fastigium magnum, facilior erit decursus aquae; sin autem intervalla erunt lacunosa, substructionibus erit succurrendum", + "en": "If the fall is considerable, the flow of the water will be made easier. If there are marshy intervals, the assistance of substructures must be sought." + }, + { + "id": 22337, + "la": "Ductus autem aquae fiunt generibus tribus: rivis per canales structiles, aut fistulis plumbeis, seu tubulis fictilibus", + "en": "The supply of water1 is made by three methods: by conduits along artificial channels, or by lead pipes, or by earthenware tubes." + }, + { + "id": 22338, + "la": "Quorum hae sunt rationes", + "en": "And they are arranged as follows." + }, + { + "id": 22339, + "la": "Si canalibus, ut structura fiat quam solidissima, solumque rivi libramenta habeat fastigata ne minus in centenos pedes semipede eaeque structurae confornicentur, ut minime sol aquam tangat", + "en": "In the case of channels, the structure must be on a very solid foundation; the bed of the current must be levelled with a fall of not less than 6 inches in 100 feet. The channels are to be arched over to protect the water from the sun." + }, + { + "id": 22340, + "la": "Cumque venerit ad moenia, efficiatur castellum et castello coniunctum ad recipiendam aquam triplex inmissarium, conlocenturque in castello tres fistulae aequaliter divisae intra receptacula coniuncta, uti, cum abundaverit ab extremis, in medium receptaculum redundet", + "en": "When they come to the city walls, a reservoir is to be made. To this a triple receptacle is to be joined, to receive the water; and three pipes of equal size are to be put in the reservoir, leading to the adjoining receptacles, so that when there is an overflow from the two outer receptacles, it may deliver into the middle receptacle." + }, + { + "id": 22341, + "la": "Ita in medio ponentur fistulae in omnes lacus et salientes, ex altero in balneas vectigal quotannis populo praestent, ex quibus tertio in domus privatas, ne desit in publico; non enim poterint avertere, cum habuerint a capitibus proprias ductiones", + "en": "From the middle receptacle pipes will be taken to all pools and fountains; from the second receptacle to the baths, in order to furnish a public revenue; to avoid a deficiency in the public supply, private houses are to be supplied from the third: for private persons will not be able to draw off the water, since they have their own limited supply from their receptacle." + }, + { + "id": 22342, + "la": "Haec autem quare divisa constituerim, hae sunt causae, uti qui privatim ducent in domos vectigalibus tueantur per publicanos aquarum ductus", + "en": "The reason why I have made this division, is in order that those who take private supplies into their houses may contribute by the water rate to the maintenance of the aqueducts." + }, + { + "id": 22343, + "la": "Sin autem medii montes erunt inter moenia et caput fontis, sic erit faciendum, uti specus fodiantur sub terra librenturque ad fastigium, quod supra scriptum est", + "en": "If there are hills between the city and the fountain head, we must proceed as follows. Tunnels are to be dug underground and levelled to the fall already described." + }, + { + "id": 22344, + "la": "Et si tofus erit aut saxum, in suo sibi canalis excidatur, sin autem terrenum aut harenosum erit, solum et parietes cum camara in specu struantur et ita perducatur", + "en": "If the formation of the earth is of tufa or stone, the channel may be cut in its own bed; but if it is of soil or sand the bed and the walls with the vaulting are to be constructed in the tunnel through which the water is to be brought." + }, + { + "id": 22345, + "la": "Puteique ita sint facti, uti inter duos sit actus", + "en": "Air shafts are to be at the distance of one actus (120 feet) apart." + }, + { + "id": 22346, + "la": "Sin autem fistulis plumbeis ducetur, primum castellum ad caput struatur, deinde ad copiam aquae lumen fistularum constituatur, eaeque fistulae castello conlocentur ad castellum, quod erit in moenibus", + "en": "But if the supply is to be by lead pipes, first of all a reservoir is to be built at the fountain head. Then the section of the pipe is to be determined for the supply of water, and the pipes are to be laid from the reservoir to a reservoir in the city." + }, + { + "id": 22347, + "la": "Fistulae ne minus longae pedum denum fundantur", + "en": "The pipes are to be cast in lengths of not less than 10 feet." + }, + { + "id": 22348, + "la": "Quae si centenariae erunt, pondus habeant in singulas pondo mcc; si octogenariae, pondo dcccclx; si quinquagenariae, pondo dc; quadragenariae pondo cccclxxx; tricenariae pondo ccclx; vicenariae pondo ccxl; quinm denm pondo clxxx; denm pondo cxx; octonm pondo c; quinariae pondo lx", + "en": "If the lead is 100 inches wide, they are to weigh 1200 lbs. each; if 80 inches, 960 lbs.; if 50 inches, 600 lbs.; if 40 inches, 480 lbs.; if 30 inches, 360 lbs.; if 20 inches, 240 lbs.; if 15 inches, 180 lbs.; if 10 inches, 120 lbs.; if 8 inches, 100 lbs.; if 5 inches, 60 lbs.1" + }, + { + "id": 22349, + "la": "E latitudine autem lamnarum, quot digitos habuerint, antequam in rotundationem flectantur, magnitudinum ita nomina concipiunt fistulae", + "en": "The pipes receive the names of the sizes from the width of the sheets of lead in inches, before they are bent round into pipes." + }, + { + "id": 22350, + "la": "Namque quae lamna fuerit digitorum quinquaginta, cum fistula perficietur ex ea lamna, vocabitur quinquagenaria similiterque reliqua", + "en": "For when a pipe is made of a sheet of lead 50 inches wide, it is called a fifty-inch pipe, and similarly the rest." + }, + { + "id": 22351, + "la": "Ea autem ductio, quae per fistulas plumbeas est futura, hanc habebit expeditionem", + "en": "When, however, an aqueduct is made with lead pipes it is to have the following arrangement." + }, + { + "id": 22352, + "la": "Quodsi caput habeat libramenta ad moenia montesque medii non fuerint altiores, ut possint interpellare, sed intervalla, necesse est substruere ad libramenta, quemadmodum in rivis et canalibus", + "en": "If from the fountain head there is a fall to the city, and the intervening hills are not so high as to interrupt the supply, and if there are valleys, we must build up the pipes to a level as in the case of open channels." + }, + { + "id": 22353, + "la": "Sin autem non longa erit circumitio, circumductionibus, sin autem valles erunt perpetuae, in declinato loco cursus dirigentur", + "en": "If the way round the hills is not long, a circuit is to be used; if the valleys are wide-spreading, the course will be down the hill," + }, + { + "id": 22354, + "la": "Cum venerint ad imum, non alte substruitur, ut sit libratum quam longissimum; hoc autem erit venter, quod Graeci appellant coelian", + "en": "and when it reaches the bottom, it is carried on a low substructure so that it may be levelled as far as possible. This will form a U-shaped bend which the Greeks call koilia." + }, + { + "id": 22355, + "la": "Deinde cum venerit adversus clivum, ex longo spatio ventris leniter tumescit; exprimatur in altitudinem summi clivi", + "en": "When the bend comes uphill after a gentle swelling spread over the long space of the bend, the water is to be forced to the height of the top of the hill." + }, + { + "id": 22356, + "la": "Quodsi non venter in vallibus factus fuerit nec substructum ad libram factum, sed geniculus erit, erumpet et dissolvet fistularum commissuras", + "en": "But if the bend is not made use of in the valleys, or if the pipe is not brought up to a level, and there is an elbow,3 the water will burst through and break the joints of the pipes." + }, + { + "id": 22357, + "la": "Etiam in ventre colluviaria sunt facienda, per quae vis spiritus relaxetur", + "en": "Further, stand-pipes are to be made in the bend, by which the force of the air may be relaxed." + }, + { + "id": 22358, + "la": "Ita per fistulas plumbeas aquam qui ducent, his rationibus bellissime poterunt efficere, quod et decursus et circumductiones et ventres et expressus hac ratione possunt fieri, cum habebunt a capitibus ad moenia ad fastigii libramenta", + "en": "In this way the supply of water by lead pipes may be carried out in the best manner, because the descent, the circuit, the bend, the compression of the air, can be thus managed when there is a regular fall from the fountain head to the city." + }, + { + "id": 22359, + "la": "Item inter actus ducentos non est inutile castella conlocari, ut, si quando vitium aliqui locus fecerit, non totum onus neque opus contundatur et, in quibus locis sit factum, facilius inveniatur; sed ea castella neque in decursu neque in ventris planitia neque in expressionibus neque omnino in vallibus, sed in perpetua aequalitate", + "en": "Again, it is not without advantage to put reservoirs at intervals of 200 actus (24,000 feet), so that if a fault arises anywhere, neither the whole load of water nor the whole structure may be disturbed, but it may be more easily found where the fault is. But these reservoirs are to be neither in the descent nor on the level portion of the bend, nor on the rise, nor generally in valleys, but on unbroken level ground." + }, + { + "id": 22360, + "la": "Sin autem minore sumptu voluerimus, sic est faciendum", + "en": "But if we wish to employ a less expensive method, we must proceed as follows." + }, + { + "id": 22361, + "la": "Tubuli crasso corio ne minus duorum digitorum fiant, sed uti hi tubuli ex una parte sint lingulati, ut alius in alium inire convenireque possint", + "en": "Earthenware pipes are to be made not less than two inches thick, and so tongued that they may enter into and fit one another." + }, + { + "id": 22362, + "la": "Coagmenta autem eorum calce viva ex oleo subacta sunt inlinienda, et in declinationibus libramenti ventris lapis est ex saxo rubro in ipso geniculo conlocandus isque perterebratus, uti ex decursu tubulus novissimus in lapide coagmentetur et primus ex librati ventris; ad eundem modum adversum clivum et novissimus librati ventris in cavo saxi rubri haereat et primus expressionis ad eundem modum coagmentetur", + "en": "The joints are to be coated with quicklime worked up with oil. At the descents to the bend, a block of red stone is to be placed at the actual elbow, and pierced so that the last pipe1 on the incline, and the first from the level of the bend, may be jointed in the stone. In the same way uphill: the last from the level of the bend, and the first of the ascent, are to be jointed in the same way in the hollow of the red stone." + }, + { + "id": 22363, + "la": "Ita librata planitia tubulorum ad decursus et expressionis non extolletur", + "en": "Thus, by adjusting the level of the tubes, the work will not be forced out of its place at the downward inclines and the ascents." + }, + { + "id": 22364, + "la": "Namque vehemens spiritus in aquae ductione solet nasci, ita ut etiam saxa perrumpat, nisi primum leniter et parce a capite aqua inmittatur et in geniculis aut versuris alligationibus aut pondere saburra contineatur", + "en": "For a strong current of air usually arises in the passage of water, so that it even breaks through rocks, unless, to begin with, the water is evenly and sparingly admitted from the fountain head, and controlled at the elbows and turns by bonding joints or a weight of ballast." + }, + { + "id": 22365, + "la": "Reliqua omnia uti fistulis plumbeis ita sunt conlocanda", + "en": "Everything else is to be fixed as for lead pipes." + }, + { + "id": 22366, + "la": "Item cum primo aqua a capite inmittitur, ante favilla inmittetur, uti coagmenta, si qua sunt non satis oblita, favilla oblinantur", + "en": "Further, when the water is first sent from the fountain head, ashes are to be put in first, so that if any joints are not sufficiently coated, they may be grouted with the ashes." + }, + { + "id": 22367, + "la": "Habent autem tubulorum ductiones ea commoda", + "en": "Water-supply by earthenware pipes has these advantages." + }, + { + "id": 22368, + "la": "Primum in opere quod si quod vitium factum fuerit, quilibet id potest reficere", + "en": "First, if any fault occurs in the work, anybody can repair it." + }, + { + "id": 22369, + "la": "Etiamque multo salubrior est ex tubulis aqua quam per fistulas, quod per plumbum videtur esse ideo vitiosum,2quod ex eo cerussa nascitur; haec autem dicitur esse nocens corporibus humanis", + "en": "Again, water is much more wholesome from earthenware pipes than from lead pipes. For it seems to be made injurious by lead, because white lead is produced by it; and this is said to be harmful to the human body." + }, + { + "id": 22370, + "la": "Ita quod ex eo procreatur, id est vitiosum, non est dubium, quin ipsum quoque non sit salubre", + "en": "Thus if what is produced by anything is injurious, it is not doubtful but that the thing is not wholesome in itself." + }, + { + "id": 22371, + "la": "Exemplar autem ab artificibus plumbariis possumus accipere, quod palloribus occupatos habent corporis colores", + "en": "We can take example by the workers in lead who have complexions affected by pallor." + }, + { + "id": 22372, + "la": "Namque cum fundendo plumbum flatur, vapor ex eo insidens corporis artus et inde exurens eripit ex membris eorum sanguinis virtutes", + "en": "For when, in casting, the lead receives the current of air, the fumes from it occupy the members of the body, and burning them thereupon, rob the limbs of the virtues of the blood." + }, + { + "id": 22373, + "la": "Itaque minime fistulis plumbeis aqua duci videtur, si volumus eam habere salubrem", + "en": "Therefore it seems that water should not be brought in lead pipes if we desire to have it wholesome." + }, + { + "id": 22374, + "la": "Saporemque meliorem ex tubulis esse cotidianus potest indicare victus, quod omnes, et structas cum habeant vasorum argenteorum mensas, tamen propter saporis integritatem fictilibus utuntur", + "en": "Our daily table may show that the flavour from earthenware pipes is better, because everybody, even when they pile up their tables with silver vessels,2 for all that, uses earthenware to preserve the flavour of water." + }, + { + "id": 22375, + "la": "Sin autem fontes, unde ductiones aquarum, faciamus, necesse est puteos fodere", + "en": "But if we are to create fountains from which come the water-supplies, we must dig wells." + }, + { + "id": 22376, + "la": "In puteorum autem fossionibus non est contemnenda ratio, sed acuminibus sollertiaque magna naturales rerum rationes considerandae, quod habet multa variaque terra in se genera", + "en": "But in digging wells we must not make light of science. The methods of nature must be considered closely in the light of intelligence and experience, because the soil contains many various elements." + }, + { + "id": 22377, + "la": "Est enim uti reliquae res ex quattuor principiis conposita", + "en": "For, like other things, it is composed of four principles." + }, + { + "id": 22378, + "la": "Et primum est ipsa terrena; habetque ex umore aquae fontes; item calores, unde etiam sulphur, alumen, bitumen nascitur; aerisque spiritus inmanes, qui, cum graves per intervenia fistulosa terrae perveniunt ad fossionem puteorum et ibi homines offendunt fodientes, ut naturali vaporis obturant eorum naribus spiritus animales; ita, qui non celerius inde effugiunt, ibi interimuntur", + "en": "First, it is itself earthy; from the liquid, it has springs of water; there are various heats from which sulphur, alum and bitumen arise; and mighty currents of air. When these are heavy and come through the porous intervals of the soil to the wells which are being dug, they affect the excavators, in so far as the nature1 of the exhalation chokes the animal spirits in their nostrils. Hence those who fail to escape at once, die there." + }, + { + "id": 22379, + "la": "Hoc autem quibus rationibus caveatur, sic erit faciendum", + "en": "The precautions against this are to be carried out as follows." + }, + { + "id": 22380, + "la": "Lucerna accensa demittatur; quae si permanserit ardens, sine periculo descendetur", + "en": "Let a lighted lamp3 be lowered. If it remains alight, the descent will be accomplished without danger." + }, + { + "id": 22381, + "la": "Sin autem eripietur lumen a vi vaporis, tunc secundum puteum dextra ac sinistra defodiantur aestuaria; ita quemadmodum per nares spiritus ex aestu dissipabuntur", + "en": "If, however, the light is extinguished by the power of the exhalation, then air-shafts4 are to be dug right and left adjoining the well. In this way the vapours from the air will be dissipated, as the air is through the nostrils." + }, + { + "id": 22382, + "la": "Cum haec sic explicata fuerint et ad aquam erit perventum, tunc saepiatur a structura, nec obturentur venae", + "en": "When this has been arranged and we come to the water, then let it be enclosed by walling without blocking up the veins." + }, + { + "id": 22383, + "la": "Sin autem loca dura erunt aut nimium venae penitus fuerint, tunc signinis operibus ex tectis aut superioribus locis excipiendae sunt copiae", + "en": "But if the locality is stony, or if the veins of water lie too deep, then supplies are to be collected from the roofs or higher ground in cement cisterns." + }, + { + "id": 22384, + "la": "In signinis autem operibus haec sunt facienda", + "en": "We must proceed thus in making the cement." + }, + { + "id": 22385, + "la": "Uti harena primum purissima asperrimaque paretur, caementum de silice frangatur ne gravius quam librarium, calx quam vehementissima mortario mixta, ita ut quinque partes harenae ad duos respondeant", + "en": "First let the purest and roughest sand be provided; then rubble is to be made of broken flint, no piece weighing more than a pound; the strongest lime is to be mixed in a trough, five parts of sand to two of lime." + }, + { + "id": 22386, + "la": "Eorum fossa ad libramentum altitudinis, quod est futurum, calcetur vectibus ligneis ferratis", + "en": "The trench is to be rammed down to the level of the depth desired with wooden rams shod with iron." + }, + { + "id": 22387, + "la": "Parietibus calcatis, in medio quod erit terrenum, exinaniatur ad libramentum infimum parietum", + "en": "After shaping the walls, the soil in the middle is to be emptied to the lowest level of the walls;" + }, + { + "id": 22388, + "la": "Hoc exaequato solum calcetur ad crassitudinem, quae constituta fuerit", + "en": "when this is made even, the bottom is to be covered to the thickness which has been determined." + }, + { + "id": 22389, + "la": "Ea autem si duplicia aut triplicia facta fuerint, uti percolationibus transmutari possint, multo salubriorem [et suaviorem] aquae usum efficient; limus enim cum habuerit, quo subsidat, limpidior fiet et sine odoribus conservabit saporem", + "en": "If the cisterns are double or treble, so that they can be changed by percolation, they will make the supply of water much more wholesome. For when the sediment has a place to settle in, the water will be more limpid and will keep a flavour unaccompanied by smell." + }, + { + "id": 22390, + "la": "Si non, salem addi necesse erit et extenuari", + "en": "If not, salt must be added to purify it." + }, + { + "id": 22391, + "la": "Quae potui de aquae virtute et varietate, quasque habeat utilitates quibusque rationibus ducatur et probetur, in hoc volumine posui; de gnomonicis vero rebus horologiorum rationibus insequenti perscribam", + "en": "I have laid down in this volume what I could about the virtues and varieties of water, its uses, and how it is supplied and tested; in the next book I will deal with the making of dials and the theory of time-pieces." + }, + { + "id": 22392, + "la": "Liber Nonus Nobilibus athletis, qui Olympia, Isthmia, Nemea vicissent, Graecorum maiores ita magnos honores constituerunt, uti non modo in conventu stantes cum palma et corona ferant laudes, sed etiam, cum revertantur in suas civitates cum victoria, triumphantes quadrigis in moenia et in patrias invehantur e reque publica perpetua vita constitutis vectigalibus fruantur", + "en": "Famous sportsmen who win victories at Olympia, Corinth and Nemea,1 have been assigned such great distinctions by the ancestors of the Greeks that they not only receive praise publicly at the games, as they stand with palm and crown, but also when they go back victorious to their own people they ride triumphant with their four-horse chariots into their native cities, and enjoy a pension for life from the State." + }, + { + "id": 22393, + "la": "Cum ergo id animadvertam, admiror, quid ita non scribtoribus eidem honores etiamque maiores sint tributi, qui infinitas utilitates aevo perpetuo omnibus gentibus praestant", + "en": "When I observe this, I am surprised that similar or even greater distinctions are not assigned to those authors who confer infinite benefits on mankind throughout the ages." + }, + { + "id": 22394, + "la": "Id enim magis erat institui dignum, quod athletae sua corpora exercitationibus efficiunt fortiora, scriptores non solum suos sensus, sed etiam omnium, libris ad discendum et animos exacuendos praeparant praecepta", + "en": "For this is the more worthy of enactment, in that while sportsmen make their own bodies stronger, authors not only cultivate their own perceptions, but by the information in their books prepare the minds of all to acquire knowledge and thus to stimulate their talents." + }, + { + "id": 22395, + "la": "Quid enim Milo Crotoniates, quod fuit invictus, prodest hominibus aut ceteri, qui eo genere fuerunt victores, nisi quod, dum vixerunt ipsi, inter suos cives habuerunt nobilitatem", + "en": "For in what respect could Milo of Croton advantage mankind because he was unconquered, or others who won victories in the same kind, except that in their lifetime they enjoyed distinction among their fellow-citizens?" + }, + { + "id": 22396, + "la": "Pythagorae vero praecepta, Democriti, Platonis, Aristotelis ceterorumque sapientium cotidiana perpetuis industriis culta non solum suis civibus, sed etiam omnibus gentibus recentes et floridos edunt fructus", + "en": "But the daily teachings of Pythagoras, Democritus, Plato, Aristotle, and other thinkers, elaborated as they were by unbroken application, furnish ever-fresh and flowering2 harvests, not only to their fellow-citizens but also to all mankind." + }, + { + "id": 22397, + "la": "E quibus qui a teneris aetatibus doctrinarum abundantia satiantur, optimos habent sapientiae sensus, instituunt civitatibus humanitatis mores, aequa iura, leges, quibus absentibus nulla potest esse civitas incolumis", + "en": "Those who from tender years are satisfied thence with abundance of knowledge, acquire the best habits of thought, institute civilised manners, equal rights, laws without which no state can be secure." + }, + { + "id": 22398, + "la": "Cum ergo tanta munera ab scriptorum prudentia privatim publiceque fuerint hominibus praeparata, non solum arbitror palmas et coronas his tribui oportere, sed etiam decerni triumphos et inter deorum sedes eos dedicandos iudicari", + "en": "Since, therefore, such boons have been conferred on individuals and communities by wise writers, not only do I think that palms and crowns should be awarded to them, but that triumphs also should be decreed and that they should be canonised in the mansions of the gods." + }, + { + "id": 22399, + "la": "Eorum autem cogitata utiliter hominibus ad vitam explicandam e pluribus singula paucorum uti exempla ponam, quae recognoscentes necessario his tribui honores oportere homines confitebuntur", + "en": "I will propose, as examples taken from a great number, several conceptions of a few thinkers which have helped the furnishing of human life, in order that the consideration of these may lead mankind to confess that honours should be conferred upon their inventors." + }, + { + "id": 22400, + "la": "Et primum Platonis e multis ratiocinationibus utilissimis unam, quemadmodum ab eo explicata sit, ponam", + "en": "And first, out of the many and most useful theorems of Plato,1 I will set out one with its demonstration." + }, + { + "id": 22401, + "la": "Locus aut ager paribus lateribus si erit quadratus eumque oportuerit duplicare, quod opus fuerit genere numeri, quod multiplicationibus non invenitur, eo descriptionibus linearum emendatis reperitur", + "en": "If there is a square area, or field with equal sides, and it is necessary to double it, there will be required some number which cannot be found by multiplication; this is determined by a perfect geometrical figure." + }, + { + "id": 22402, + "la": "Est autem eius rei haec demonstratio", + "en": "Here is the demonstration." + }, + { + "id": 22403, + "la": "Quadratus locus, qui erit longus et latus pedes denos, efficit areae pedes c", + "en": "A square space which is ten feet long and wide makes 100 feet." + }, + { + "id": 22404, + "la": "Si ergo opus fuerit eum duplicare, pedum cc, item e paribus lateribus facere, quaerendum erit, quam magnum latus eius quadrati fiat, ut ex eo cc pedes duplicationibus areae respondeant", + "en": "If then it is necessary that it should be made double'of 200 feet'and also to make it of equal sides, we must inquire how long the side of that square is to be made, so that it may produce 200 feet, corresponding to the doubling of the area." + }, + { + "id": 22405, + "la": "Id autem numero nemo potest invenire", + "en": "No one can discover this by arithmetic." + }, + { + "id": 22406, + "la": "Namque si xiiii constituentur, erunt multiplicati pedes cxcvi, si xv, pedes ccxxv", + "en": "For if the side be 14 feet, then the multiplication gives 196 feet; if 15, then 225 feet." + }, + { + "id": 22407, + "la": "Ergo quoniam id non explicatur numero, in eo quadrato, longo et lato pedes x quod fuerit, linea ab angulo ad angulum diagonios perducatur, uti dividantur duo trigona aequa magnitudine, singula areae pedum quinquagenm, ad eiusque lineae diagonalis longitudinem locus quadratus paribus lateribus describatur", + "en": "Since arithmetic does not furnish a solution, let a diagonal line be drawn from angle to angle in the square which was 10 feet long and wide, so that two triangles of equal magnitude, each of the area of 50 feet, are described. On the length of the diagonal let a square be described with equal sides." + }, + { + "id": 22408, + "la": "Ita quam magna duo trigona in minore quadrato quinquagenm pedum linea diagonio fuerint designata, eadem magnitudine et eodem pedum numero quattuor in maiore erunt effecta", + "en": "Therefore two triangles of 50 feet in area will be drawn upon the diagonal line in the lesser square; four triangles of the same magnitude and the same number of feet will be described in the larger square." + }, + { + "id": 22409, + "la": "Hac ratione duplicatio grammicis rationibus ab Platone, uti schema subscriptum est, explicata est in ima pagina", + "en": "In this manner the duplication is demonstrated geometrically by Plato in accordance with the figure subjoined at the bottom of the page." + }, + { + "id": 22410, + "la": "Item Pythagoras normam sine artificis fabricationibus inventam ostendit, et quam magno labore fabri normam facientes vix ad verum perducere possunt, id rationibus et methodis emendatum ex eius praeceptis explicatur", + "en": "Again, Pythagoras2 demonstrated how to make a set-square without the help of a craftsman. And whereas the craftsman with great labour making a set-square can scarcely carry it out accurately, the exact process is explained in accordance with Pythagoras instructions." + }, + { + "id": 22411, + "la": "Namque si sumantur regulae tres, e quibus una sit pedes iii, altera pedes iiii, tertia pedes v, eaeque regulae inter se compositae tangant alia aliam suis cacuminibus extremis schema habentes trigoni, deformabunt normam emendatam", + "en": "For if three straight rods be taken, of which one is 3 feet long, the second 4 feet, the third 5 feet, and let these rods, being jointed together, touch one another at their extremities in the form of a triangle, they will make a perfect set-square." + }, + { + "id": 22412, + "la": "Ad eas autem regularum singularum longitudines si singula quadrata paribus lateribus describantur, cum erit trium latus, areae habebit pedes viiii, quod iiii, xvi, quod v erit, xxv", + "en": "Moreover, if single squares with equal sides be described along the several rods, when the side is 3 feet, it will have 9 feet in area; the 4 feet side, 16; the 5 feet side, 25." + }, + { + "id": 22413, + "la": "Ita quantum areae pedum numerum duo quadrata ex tribus pedibus longitudinis laterum et quattuor efficiunt, aeque tantum numerum reddidit unum ex quinque descriptum", + "en": "Thus the square which is described on 5 feet contains an area measured in feet equal to the area produced by the two squares, one with a side of 3 feet, and one with a side of 4." + }, + { + "id": 22414, + "la": "Id Pythagoras cum invenisset, non dubitans a Musis se in ea inventione monitum, maximas gratias agens hostias dicitur his immolavisse", + "en": "When Pythagoras discovered this, in the belief that the Muses had advised1 him in the discovery, he is said to have thanked them and sacrificed victims to them." + }, + { + "id": 22415, + "la": "Ea autem ratio, quemadmodum in multis rebus et mensuris est utilis, etiam in aedificiis scalarum aedificationibus, uti temperatas habeant graduum librationis, est expedita", + "en": "The same calculation, as it is useful in many things and measurements, so it applies to buildings in the construction of staircases, for the adjustment of the steps." + }, + { + "id": 22416, + "la": "Si enim altitudo contignationis ab summa coaxatione ad imum libramentum divisa fuerit in partes tres, erit earum quinque in scalis scaporum iusta longitudine inclinatio", + "en": "For if the height of a story from the flooring above to the level below is divided into three parts, five such parts will give the inclined string of the staircase in its exact length." + }, + { + "id": 22417, + "la": "Quam magnae fuerint inter contignationem et imum libramentum altitudinis partes tres, quattuor a perpendiculo recedant et ibi conlocentur inferiores calces scaporum", + "en": "Taking the height between the floor above and the level below as three parts, let four parts be set off from the perpendicular and let the foot of the string be placed there." + }, + { + "id": 22418, + "la": "Ita sic erunt temperatae; et graduum ipsarum scalarum erunt conlocationes", + "en": "This will be so adjusted; so also will be the plotting out of the several steps of the staircase itself." + }, + { + "id": 22419, + "la": "Item eius rei erit subscripta forma", + "en": "The drawing of this, also, is subjoined." + }, + { + "id": 22420, + "la": "Archimedis vero cum multa miranda inventa et varia fuerint, ex omnibus etiam infinita sollertia id, quod exponam, videtur esse expressum", + "en": "Archimedes made many and various wonderful discoveries. Of all these the one which I will explain2 seems to be worked out with infinite skill." + }, + { + "id": 22421, + "la": "Nimium Hiero enim Syracusis auctus regia potestate, rebus bene gestis cum auream coronam votivam diis inmortalibus in quodam fano constituisset ponendam, manupretio locavit faciendam et aurum ad sacomam adpendit redemptori", + "en": "Hiero3 was greatly exalted in the regal power at Syracuse, and after his victories he determined to set up in a certain temple a crown vowed to the immortal gods. He let out the execution as far as the craftsmans wages4 were concerned, and weighed the gold out to the contractor to an exact amount." + }, + { + "id": 22422, + "la": "Is ad tempus opus manu factum subtiliter regi adprobavit et ad sacomam pondus coronae visus est praestitisse", + "en": "At the appointed time the man presented the work finely wrought for the kings acceptance, and appeared to have furnished the weight of the crown to scale." + }, + { + "id": 22423, + "la": "Posteaquam indicium est factum dempto auro tantundem argenti in id coronarium opus admixtum esse, indignatus Hiero se contemptum esse neque inveniens, qua ratione id furtum reprehenderet, rogavit Archimeden, uti in se sumeret sibi de eo cogitationem", + "en": "However, information was laid that gold had been withdrawn, and that the same amount of silver had been added in the making of the crown. Hiero was indignant that he had been made light of, and failing to find a method by which he might detect the theft, asked Archimedes to undertake the investigation." + }, + { + "id": 22424, + "la": "Tunc is, cum haberet eius rei curam, casu venit in balineum, ibique cum in solium descenderet, animadvertit, quantum corporis sui in eo insideret, tantum aquae extra solium effluere", + "en": "While he was considering the matter, he happened to go to the baths. When he went down into the bathing pool he observed that the amount of water which flowed outside the pool was equal to the amount of his body that was immersed." + }, + { + "id": 22425, + "la": "Itaque cum eius rei rationem explicationis ostendisset, non est moratus, sed exiluit gaudio motus de solio et nudus vadens domum verius significabat clara voce invenisse, quod quaereret; nam currens identidem graece clamabat", + "en": "Since this fact indicated the method of explaining the case, he did not linger, but moved with delight he leapt out of the pool, and going home naked, cried aloud that he had found exactly what he was seeking. For as he ran he shouted in Greek: heur'ka heur'ka.1 ." + }, + { + "id": 22426, + "la": "Tum vero ex eo inventionis ingressu duas fecisse dicitur massas aequo pondere, quo etiam fuerat corona, unam ex auro et alteram ex argento", + "en": "Then, following up his discovery, he is said to have taken two masses of the same weight as the crown, one of gold and the other of silver." + }, + { + "id": 22427, + "la": "Cum ita fecisset, vas amplum ad summa labra implevit aquae, in quo dimisit argenteam massam", + "en": "When he had done this, he filled a large vessel to the brim with water, into which he dropped the mass of silver." + }, + { + "id": 22428, + "la": "Cuius quanta magnitudo in vasum depressa est, tantum aquae effluxit", + "en": "The amount of this when let down into the water corresponded to the overflow of water." + }, + { + "id": 22429, + "la": "Ita exempta massa quanto minus factum fuerat, refudit sextario mensus, ut eodem modo, quo prius fuerat, ad labra aequaretur", + "en": "So he removed the metal and filled in by measure the amount by which the water was diminished, so that it was level with the brim as before." + }, + { + "id": 22430, + "la": "Ita ex eo invenit, quantum ad certum pondus argenti ad certam aquae mensuram responderet", + "en": "In this way he discovered what weight of silver corresponded to a given measure of water." + }, + { + "id": 22431, + "la": "Cum id expertus esset, tum auream massam similiter pleno vaso demisit et ea exempta, eadem ratione mensura addita invenit ex aquae numero non tantum esse: minore quanto minus magno corpore eodem pondere auri massa esset quam argenti", + "en": "After this experiment he then dropped a mass of gold in like manner into the full vessel and removed it. Again he added water by measure, and discovered that there was not so much water; and this corresponded to the lessened quantity of the same weight of gold compared with the same weight of silver." + }, + { + "id": 22432, + "la": "Postea vero repleto vaso in eadem aqua ipsa corona demissa invenit plus aquae defluxisse in coronam quam in auream eodem pondere massam, et ita ex eo, quod fuerit plus aquae in corona quam in massa, ratiocinatus reprehendit argenti in auro mittionem et manifestum furtum redemptoris", + "en": "He then let down the crown itself into the vase after filling the vase with water, and found that more water flowed into the space left by the crown than into the space left by a mass of gold of the same weight. And so from the fact that there was more water in the case of the crown than in the mass of gold, he calculated and detected the mixture of the silver with the gold, and the fraud of the contractor." + }, + { + "id": 22433, + "la": "Transferatur mens ad Archytae Tarentini et Eratosthenis Cyrenaei cogitata; hi enim multa et grata a mathematicis rebus hominibus invenerunt", + "en": "Let us turn our attention to the theorems of Archytas of Tarentum, and of Eratosthenes of Cyrene. For they made for mankind many welcome discoveries by means of mathematics." + }, + { + "id": 22434, + "la": "Itaque cum in ceteris inventionibus fuerint grati, in eius rei concitationibus maxime sunt suspecti", + "en": "While, therefore, they were made welcome by their other inventions, they were most admired for their mathematical inspirations." + }, + { + "id": 22435, + "la": "Alius enim alia ratione explicaverunt, quod Delo imperaverat responsis Apollo, uti arae eius, quantum haberent pedum quadratorum, id duplicarentur, et ita fore uti, qui essent in ea insula, tunc religione liberarentur", + "en": "For they satisfied, each by his own method, the demand which Apollo had imposed upon Delos:1 namely, that the number of cubic feet in his altar should be doubled, and that thereby the residents in the island should be freed from a religious scruple." + }, + { + "id": 22436, + "la": "Itaque Archytas cylindrorum descriptionibus, Eratosthenes organica mesolabi ratione idem explicaverunt", + "en": "Archytas2 solved the problem by a diagram with cylinders; Eratosthenes by means of an instrument the mesolabium." + }, + { + "id": 22437, + "la": "Cum haec sint tam magnis doctrinarum iucunditatibus animadversa et cogamur naturaliter inventionibus singularum rerum considerantes effectus moveri, multas res attendens admiror etiam Democriti de rerum natura volumina et eius commentarium, mentarium, quo scribitur cheirotometon; in quo etiam utebatur anulo signaturam optice est expertus", + "en": "These theorems are apprehended with the great pleasure which such methods can give. For we are compelled, when we consider the effects of individual causes, to feel a natural emotion in the presence of inventions. After a wide survey, I admire especially Democritus treatises on the Nature of Things, and in them the commentary in which there is figured the cutting of gems. With the help of optics,2 he investigated the impression of the seal in the ring which he used." + }, + { + "id": 22438, + "la": "Ergo eorum virorum cogitata non solum ad mores corrigendos, sed etiam ad omnium utilitatem perpetuo sunt praeparata, athletarum autem nobilitates brevi spatio cum suis corporibus senescunt; [itaque neque cum maxime sunt] florentes neque posteritati hi, quemadmodum sapientium cogitata hominum vitae, prodesse possunt", + "en": "So then the imaginations of these men were directed throughout not only to the improvement of conduct, but to the service of mankind. The distinctions of sportsmen soon pass along with their physique, nor in their prime can they advantage posterity, as the devices of thinkers advantage human life." + }, + { + "id": 22439, + "la": "Cum vero neque moribus neque institutis scriptorum praestantibus tribuantur honores, ipsae autem per se mentes aeris altiora prospicientes memoriarum gradibus ad caelum elatae aevo inmortali non modo sententias sed etiam figuras eorum posteris cogunt esse notas", + "en": "Thus although honour is given neither to the character nor to the excellent principles of authors, yet their minds of themselves look upon the upper air and rise to heaven by the staircase of human remembrance;3 throughout endless time they make not only their ideas but even their portraits familiar to posterity." + }, + { + "id": 22440, + "la": "Itaque, qui litterarum iucunditatibus instinctas habent mentes, non possunt non in suis pectoribus dedicatum habere, sicuti deorum, sic Enni poetae simulacrum; Acci autem carminibus qui studiose delectantur, non modo verborum virtutes sed etiam figuram eius videntur secum habere praesentem esse", + "en": "Hence those whose minds are stirred by the delights of literature cannot but have the image of Ennius, as of a god, in the chapel of their breast. Those who take studious delight in the poems of Accius4 seem to keep at their side, not only his mighty words, but his very present portrait." + }, + { + "id": 22441, + "la": "Item plures post nostram memoriam nascentes cum Lucretio videbuntur velut coram de rerum natura disputare, de arte vero rhetorica cum Cicerone, multi posterorum cum Varrone conferent sermonem de lingua latina, non minus etiam plures philologi cum Graecorum sapientibus multa deliberantes secretos cum his videbuntur habere sermones, et ad summam sapientium scriptorum sententiae corporibus absentibus vetustate florentes cum insunt inter consilia et disputationes, maiores habent, quam praesentium sunt, auctoritates omnes", + "en": "Many also, born in time to come, will seem with Lucretius to investigate The Nature of Things, as it were, face to face,1 or with Cicero, The Art of the Orator;2 many of our posterity will hold converse with Varro3 On the Latin Language; not less, also, many scholars deliberating much with the thinkers of Greece, will seem to hold secret converse with them. In a word, the ideas of scientific writers who are absent in the body, old and yet ever new, come to our counsels and investigations; and all have greater weight than if they were present with us." + }, + { + "id": 22442, + "la": "Itaque, Caesar, his auctoribus fretus sensibus eorum adhibitis et consiliis ea volumina conscripsi, et prioribus septem de aedificiis, octavo de aquis, in hoc de gnomonicis rationibus, quemadmodum de radiis solis in mundo sunt per umbras gnomonis inventae quibusque rationibus dilatentur aut contrahantur, explicabo", + "en": "Therefore, your Highness, I have relied on these authors, and bringing their minds and advice to bear, I have composed these volumes, dealing with buildings in the first seven, and with water in the eighth. In the present volume I will expound the methods of Dialling; how they were discovered from the rays of the sun in the universe, by the shadows of the gnomon, and in what proportions these lengthen or diminish." + }, + { + "id": 22443, + "la": "I Ea autem sunt divina mente comparata habentque admirationem magnam considerantibus, quod umbra gnomonis aequinoctialis alia magnitudine est Athenis, alia Alexandriae, alia Romae, non eadem Placentiae ceterisque orbis terrarum locis", + "en": "It is ordained by the divine spirit4 and inspires great wonder5 in those who consider it, that the shadow of the gnomon at the equinox is of one magnitude at Athens, another at Alexandria, another at Rome, is different at Piacenza and in other parts of the world." + }, + { + "id": 22444, + "la": "Itaque longe aliter distant descriptionis horologiorum locorum mutationibus", + "en": "Therefore the designs of dials vary widely with change of place." + }, + { + "id": 22445, + "la": "Umbrarum enim aequinoctialium magnitudinibus designantur analemmatorum formae, e quibus perficiuntur ad rationem locorum et umbrae gnomonum horarum descriptiones", + "en": "For the length of the shadows at the equinox determines the design of the analemma1 by which the hours are marked in accordance with the locality and the shadow of the gnomon." + }, + { + "id": 22446, + "la": "Analemma est ratio conquisita solis cursu et umbrae crescentis ad brumam observatione inventa, e qua per rationes architectonicas circinique descriptiones est inventus effectus in mundo", + "en": "The analemma is an exact contrivance invented by observing the course of the sun and the lengthening of the shadow towards the winter, by means of which through architectural2 calculations and the use of the compass, the action of the sun in the universe is discovered." + }, + { + "id": 22447, + "la": "Mundus autem est omnium naturae rerum conceptio summa caelumque sideribus conformatum", + "en": "The universe is the total conception of the whole system, and the firmament with its ordered constellations." + }, + { + "id": 22448, + "la": "Id volvitur continenter circum terram atque mare per axis cardines extremos", + "en": "It rolls continually round the earth and sea, on the furthest poles3 of its axis." + }, + { + "id": 22449, + "la": "Namque in his locis naturalis potestas ita architectata est conlocavitque cardines tamquam centra, unum a terra inmane in summo mundo ac post ipsas stellas septentrionum, alterum trans contra sub terra in meridianis partibus, ibique circum eos cardines orbiculos circum centra uti in torno perfecit, qui graece apsides nominantur, per quos pervolitat sempiterno caelum", + "en": "For there the power of nature like an architect, has contrived and placed the poles like centres, one at a vast distance from the earth at the top of the universe and behind the very stars of the Great Bear, and the other opposite, under the earth in the regions of the south; and there has constructed rims of wheels (which the Greeks call apsides) round centres as in a lathe, about which the firmament for ever rolls." + }, + { + "id": 22450, + "la": "Ita media terra cum mari centri loco naturaliter est conlocata", + "en": "Thus the middle of the earth and sea is set by nature in the central place." + }, + { + "id": 22451, + "la": "His natura dispositis ita, uti septentrionali parte a terra excelsius habeat altitudinem centrum, in meridiana autem parte in inferioribus locis subiectum a terra obscuretur, tunc etiam per medium transversa et inclinata in meridiem circuli delata zona xii signis est conformata", + "en": "The arrangement of nature is such that on the north the higher centre is exalted above the earth, while in the southern part the centre lying under the lower regions is hidden. Then, moreover, along the middle a transverse and oblique belt,1 sinking towards the south of the equator, is figured with the twelve signs." + }, + { + "id": 22452, + "la": "Quae eorum species stellis dispositis xii partibus peraequatis exprimit depictam ab natura figurationem", + "en": "(This figure of theirs with stars set in order reveals in twelve equal parts the pattern depicted by nature.)" + }, + { + "id": 22453, + "la": "Itaque lucentia cum mundo reliquisque sideribus ornatu circum terram mareque pervolantia cursus perficiunt ad caeli rotunditatem", + "en": "These, as they shine in their array, along with the heavens and the other constellations, roll round the earth and sea and complete their courses with the revolution of the sky." + }, + { + "id": 22454, + "la": "Omnia autem visitata et invisitata temporum necessitate sunt constituta", + "en": "Now all the signs seen or unseen are constituted by the necessity of the seasons." + }, + { + "id": 22455, + "la": "Ex quis sex signa numero supra terram cum caelo pervagantur, cetera sub terram subeuntia ab eius umbra obscurantur", + "en": "While six of these revolve above the earth along with the sky, the others going under the earth are obscured by its shadow." + }, + { + "id": 22456, + "la": "Sex autem ex his semper supra terram nituntur", + "en": "Six, however, are always placed above the earth." + }, + { + "id": 22457, + "la": "Quanta pars enim novissimi signi depressione coacta versatione subiacens sub terram occultatur, tantundem eius contraria e conversationis necessitate suppressa rotatione circumacta trans locis patentibus ex obscuris egreditur ad lucem; namque vis una et necessitas utrimque simul orientem et occidentem perficit", + "en": "For whatever part of the last sign driven by its revolution passes under the earth and is concealed by its depression, to that extent the contrary sign forced upwards by the necessity of the revolution is carried round in rotation and from darkness comes to light in the visible heavens. For a single power and compulsion controls simultaneously on both sides the rising and the setting." + }, + { + "id": 22458, + "la": "Ea autem signa cum sint numero xii partesque duodecumas singula possideant mundi versenturque ab oriente ad occidentem continenter, tunc per ea signa contrario cursu luna, stella Mercuri, Veneris, ipse sol itemque Martis et Iovis et Saturni ut per graduum ascensionem percurrentes alius alia circuitionis magnitudine ab occidenti ad orientem in mundo pervagantur", + "en": "Now while these twelve signs possess each the twelfth part of the firmament, and continually turn from east to west, through these same signs in the opposite direction the stars3 of the moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun himself and also Mars, Jupiter and Saturn as though they revolved upon a rising staircase of degrees, each with an orbit of its own, wander in the firmament from west to east." + }, + { + "id": 22459, + "la": "Luna die octavo et vicesimo et amplius circiter hora caeli circuitionem percurrens, ex quo signo coeperit ire, ad id signum revertendo perficit lunarem mensem", + "en": "The moon runs through its orbit from the sign in which it began, on the twenty-eighth day and about an hour more, and returning to that sign completes the lunar month." + }, + { + "id": 22460, + "la": "Sol autem signi spatium, quod est duodecuma pars mundi, mense vertente vadens transit; ita xii mensibus xii signorum intervalla pervagando cum redit ad id signum, unde coeperit, perficit spatium vertentis anni", + "en": "The sun, journeying for a month, passes over the space of a sign which is the twelfth part of the heavens. Thus in twelve months he traverses the distance of twelve signs, and when he returns to the sign from which he started, he completes the space of the revolving year." + }, + { + "id": 22461, + "la": "Ex eo, quem circulum luna terdecies in xii mensibus percurrit, eum sol eisdem mensibus semel permetitur", + "en": "Hence the sun measures once in twelve months the circle which the moon in the same number of months runs through thirteen times." + }, + { + "id": 22462, + "la": "Mercuri autem et Veneris stellae circa solis radios uti per centrum eum itineribus coronantes regressus retrorsus et retardatione faciunt, etiam stationibus propter eam circinationem morantur in spatiis signorum", + "en": "The planets Mercury and Venus, with their orbits, encircling the suns rays as on a centre, retreat backwards and delay their course;1 thus because of their orbit they delay at the nodes2 in their course through the signs." + }, + { + "id": 22463, + "la": "Id autem ita esse maxime cognoscitur ex Veneris stella, quod ea, cum solem sequatur, post occasum eius apparens in caelo clarissimeque lucens vesperugo vocitatur, aliis autem temporibus eum antecurrens et oriens ante lucem lucifer appellatur", + "en": "This is best seen from the planet Venus, because when it follows the sun it appears in the sky after sunset, and brightly shining is called the Evening Star.3 At other times it precedes the sun, and rising before the dawn is called Lucifer." + }, + { + "id": 22464, + "la": "Ex eoque nonnumquam plures dies in signo commorantur, alias celerius ingrediuntur in alterum signum", + "en": "Hence sometimes they delay several days in a sign, sometimes they enter more quickly into another sign." + }, + { + "id": 22465, + "la": "Itaque quod non aeque peragunt numerum dierum in singulis signis, quantum sunt moratae prius, transiliendo celerioribus itineribus perficiunt [iustum cursum", + "en": "Therefore because they do not spend uniformly a fixed number of days in the several signs, they make up by quicker movements the amount they previously delayed;" + }, + { + "id": 22466, + "la": "Ita efficitur,] uti, quod demorentur in nonnullis signis, nihilominus, cum eripiant se ab necessitate morae, celeriter consequantur iustam circuitionem", + "en": "so that while they delay in some signs, none the less, when they escape the compulsion of delay, they quickly make up their proper course." + }, + { + "id": 22467, + "la": "Iter autem in mundo Mercuri stella ita pervolitat, uti trecentesimo et sexagensimo die per signorum spatia currens perveniat ad id signum, ex quo priore circulatione coepit facere cursum, et ita peraequatur eius iter, ut circiter tricenos dies in singulis signis habeat numeri rationem", + "en": "The planet Mercury so completes its path in the firmament that, traversing the spaces of the signs, it arrives on the three-hundred-and-sixtieth day at that sign, from which in its previous revolution it entered on its course. Its path is so averaged that it spends about thirty days in each sign." + }, + { + "id": 22468, + "la": "Veneris autem, cum est liberata ab inpeditione radiorum solis, xxx diebus percurrit signi spatium", + "en": "The planet Venus, when it is freed from the hindrance of the suns rays, traverses the space of some signs in thirty days;" + }, + { + "id": 22469, + "la": "Quo minus quadragenos dies in singulis signis patitur, cum stationem fecerit, restituit eam summam numeri in uno signo morata", + "en": "so far as it suffers an abatement from forty days in the several signs, after traversing a node, it regains that amount lost by delaying in the several signs." + }, + { + "id": 22470, + "la": "Ergo totam circinationem in caelo quadringentesimo et octogensimo et quinto die permensa iterum in id signum, ex quo signo prius iter facere coepit", + "en": "Therefore it completes the whole circuit in the firmament on the four-hundred-and-eighty-fifth day, in that sign from which previously it started on its journey." + }, + { + "id": 22471, + "la": "Martis vero circiter sescentesimo octogensimo tertio siderum spatia pervagando pervenit eo, ex quo initium faciendo cursum fecerat ante, et in quibus signis celerius percurrit, cum stationem fecit, explet dierum numeri rationem", + "en": "Mars traverses the spaces of the constellations on about the six-hundred-and-eighty-third day, and reaches the place from which it previously made a beginning in making its journey; where it runs more quickly in the signs, it fulfils the proportionate number of days after passing a node." + }, + { + "id": 22472, + "la": "Iovis autem placidioribus gradibus scandens contra mundi versationem, circiter ccclx diebus in singula signa permetitur, et consistit post annum xi et dies cccxiii et redit in id signum, in quo ante xii annos fuerat", + "en": "Jupiter, rising by more easy steps against the revolution of the firmament, measures about three hundred and sixty days against each sign, and after eleven years and three hundred and thirteen days it halts and returns to the sign where it had been twelve years before." + }, + { + "id": 22473, + "la": "Saturni vero, mensibus undetriginta et amplius paucis diebus pervadens per signi spatium, anno nono et vicensimo et circiter diebus clx, in quo ante tricensimo fuerat anno, in id restituitur, ex eoque, quo minus ab extremo distat mundo, tanto maiorem circinationem rotae percurrendo tardior videtur esse", + "en": "Saturn, traversing a sign in twenty-nine months and a few days, takes twenty-nine years and about a hundred and sixty days to regain the sign in which it was thirty years before. From the fact that it is less distant from the furthest verge of the firmament, it seems to be more slow in traversing the greater circumference of its orbit." + }, + { + "id": 22474, + "la": "Ei autem, qui supra solis iter circinationes peragunt, maxime cum in trigono fuerint, quod is inierit, tum non progrediuntur, sed regressus facientes morantur, donique cum1idem sol de eo trigono in aliud signum transitionem fecerit", + "en": "Those planets which traverse their orbit above the path of the sun, especially when they are in the trigon1 which he has entered, do not go forward but retrograde and delay until the same sun has passed from that trigon into another sign." + }, + { + "id": 22475, + "la": "Id autem nonnullis sic fieri placet, quod aiunt solem, cum longius absit abstantia quadam, non lucidis itineribus errantia per ea sidera obscuritatis morationibus inpedire", + "en": "To some, this seems to happen because the sun, they say, being further away at a certain distance, hinders by the delay of darkness the planets wandering in their unillumined paths." + }, + { + "id": 22476, + "la": "Nobis vero id non videtur", + "en": "To us it seems otherwise." + }, + { + "id": 22477, + "la": "Solis enim splendor perspicibilis et patens sine ullis obscurationibus est per omnem mundum, ut etiam nobis appareant, cum facient eae stellae regressus et morationes", + "en": "For the splendour of the sun is perceptible and patent through all the universe without any obscuration, so that these stars appear2 to us even when they retrograde or are stationary." + }, + { + "id": 22478, + "la": "Ergo si tantis intervallis nostra species potest id animadvertere, quid ita divinationibus splendoribusque astrorum iudicamus obscuritatis obici posse? Ergo potius ea ratio nobis constabit, quod, fervor quemadmodum omnes res evocat et ad se ducit, ut etiam fructus e terra surgentes in altitudinem per calorem videmus, non minus aquae vapores a fontibus ad nubes per arcus excitari, eadem ratione solis impetus vehemens radiis trigoni forma porrectis insequentes stellas ad se perducit et ante currentes veluti refrenando retinendoque non patitur progredi, sed ad se regredi, in alterius trigoni signum esse", + "en": "Therefore if our vision can perceive it at such great distances, why do we judge that obscurity may be set against the prophetic splendours of the stars? . Therefore the consideration rather commends itself to us that, just as heat evokes all things and draws them to itself, as also we see the crops rising on high from the earth because of the heat, and the watery exhalations raised from the springs to the clouds along the rainbow, so in the same way the mighty force of the sun extending its rays in the form of a triangle draws to itself the planets as they follow, and, as it were curbing and restraining those which precede, prevents their onward movement and compels them to return to it and to be in the sign of another trigon." + }, + { + "id": 22479, + "la": "Fortasse desiderabitur, quid ita sol quinto a se signo potius quam secundo aut tertio, quae sunt propiora, facit in his fervoribus retentiones", + "en": "Perhaps it will be asked, why does the sun cause delay by these heats, in the fifth sign away from itself rather than in the second and third?" + }, + { + "id": 22480, + "la": "Ergo, quemadmodum id fieri videatur, exponam", + "en": "I will therefore explain how this seems to happen." + }, + { + "id": 22481, + "la": "Eius radii in mundo uti trigoni paribus lateribus formae liniationibus extenduntur", + "en": "Its rays are spread out in the firmament on the lines of the diagram of a triangle with equal sides." + }, + { + "id": 22482, + "la": "Id autem nec plus nec minus est ad quintum ab eo signo", + "en": "Now each side extends neither more nor less than to the fifth sign, from that in which the sun is." + }, + { + "id": 22483, + "la": "Igitur si radii per omnem mundum fusi circinationibus vagarentur neque extentionibus porrecti ad trigoni formam liniarentur, propiora flagrarent", + "en": "For if the rays spread over the firmament wandered in circular orbits, and in their extension were not directed in the form of a triangle, the nearer regions would be burnt." + }, + { + "id": 22484, + "la": "Id autem etiam Euripides, Graecorum poeta, animadvertisse videtur", + "en": "Euripides,2 the Greek poet, seems to have observed this." + }, + { + "id": 22485, + "la": "Ait enim, quae longius a sole essent, haec vehementius ardere, propiora vero eum temperata habere", + "en": "For he says that what is farther from the sun burns more vehemently, while it keeps what is nearer in a temperate state." + }, + { + "id": 22486, + "la": "Itaque scribit in fabula Phaethonte sic: , ' '", + "en": "And so he writes as follows in the Phaethon:3 He burns the distant: what is near he keeps temperate." + }, + { + "id": 22487, + "la": "Si ergo res et ratio et testimonium poetae veteris id ostendit, non puto aliter oportere iudicari, nisi quemadmodum de ea re supra scribtum habemus", + "en": "If then experience, calculation and the testimony of an ancient poet4 shows5 this, I think we should not judge otherwise than as we have written above on the matter." + }, + { + "id": 22488, + "la": "Iovis autem inter Martis et Saturni circinationem currens maiorem quam Mars, minorem quam Saturnus pervolat cursum", + "en": "Jupiter, traversing its orbit between Mars and Saturn, pursues a course longer than that of Mars, less than Saturns." + }, + { + "id": 22489, + "la": "Item reliquae stellae, quo maiore absunt spatio ab extremo caelo proxumamque habent terrae circinationem, celerius videntur, quod quaecumque earum minorem circinationem peragens saepius subiens praeterit superiorem", + "en": "The other planets, also, the farther they are from the verge of the firmament, have an orbit nearest the earth and seem to move more swiftly, because each of them, traversing a less orbit, more often moves under and passes the planet above it." + }, + { + "id": 22490, + "la": "Quemadmodum, si in rota, qua figuli utuntur, inpositae fuerint septem formicae canalesque totidem in rota facti sint circum centrum in imo adcrescentes ad extremum, in quibus hae cogantur circinationem facere, verseturque rota in alteram partem, necesse erit eas contra rotae versationem nihil minus adversus itinera perficere, et quae proximum centrum habuerit, celerius pervagari, quaeque extremum orbem rotae peragat, etiamsi aeque celeriter ambulet, propter magnitudinem circinationis multo tardius perficere cursum: similiter astra nitentia contra mundi cursum suis itineribus perficiunt circuitum, sed caeli versatione redundationibus referuntur cotidiana temporis circumlatione", + "en": "To illustrate this: let us suppose that on a wheel such as potters use, seven ants are placed, and as many channels are made in the wheel round the centre as the lowest point, increasing in length to the most distant; let the ants be compelled to make a circuit in these channels and let the wheel be turned the other way; in spite of the revolution of the wheel, they will necessarily complete their journeys in the opposite direction. That which has the channel nearest the centre completes its wanderings more quickly; that which traverses the farthest circuit of the wheel, even if it walks as quickly, finishes its course much more slowly on account of the magnitude of the orbit. In like fashion, the planets advancing in a direction opposite to the movement of the firmament complete a circuit along their own paths. Yet in the revolution of the sky they are carried backwards, by the excess of it over their own motion, in the daily circuit of time." + }, + { + "id": 22491, + "la": "Esse autem alias stellas temperatas, alias ferventes, etiamque frigidas haec esse causa videtur, quod omnis ignis in superiora loca habet scandentem flammam", + "en": "The reason why some stars are temperate, others fiery and others cold, seems to be this, that all fire has a flame which rises to higher regions." + }, + { + "id": 22492, + "la": "Ergo sol aethera, qui est supra se, radiis exurens efficit candentem, in quibus locis habet cursum Martis stella; itaque fervens ab ardore solis efficitur", + "en": "Therefore the sun scorches with its rays the aether above it and causes it to burn, and the planet Mars has its course in these regions; hence it is made to burn by the heat of the sun." + }, + { + "id": 22493, + "la": "Saturni autem, quod est proxima extremo mundo tangit congelatas caeli regiones; vehementer est frigida", + "en": "The planet Saturn, however, which is nearest to the verge of the firmament, touches the frozen regions of the sky; it is exceedingly cold." + }, + { + "id": 22494, + "la": "Ex eo Iovis, cum inter utriusque circuitiones habet cursum, a refrigeratione caloreque eorum medio convenientes temperatissimosque habere videtur effectus", + "en": "Hence Jupiter, having its course between the circuits of either, seems to enjoy the most temperate effects of cold and heat, which suit its middle position." + }, + { + "id": 22495, + "la": "De zona xii signorum et septem astrorum contrario opere ac cursu, quibus rationibus et numeris transeunt e signis in signa, et circuitum eorum, uti a praeceptoribus accepi, exposui; nunc de crescenti lumine lunae deminutioneque, uti traditum est nobis a maioribus, dicam", + "en": "I have explained the belt of the twelve signs, and the contrary operation and course of the seven planets; the causes and numerical relations by which they pass from sign to sign, and their revolutions as I have learned from my masters. I will now speak of the rising light and waning of the moon, as our predecessors have told us." + }, + { + "id": 22496, + "la": "Berosus, qui ab Chaldaeorum civitate sive natione progressus in Asia etiam disciplinam Chaldaicam patefecit, ita est professus: Pilam esse ex dimidia parte candentem, reliqua habere caeruleo colore", + "en": "Berosus,1 who sprang from the Chaldaean city, or rather nation,2 expounded the Chaldaean discipline as far as Asia. He taught as follows: The moon is a globe with one hemisphere luminous3 and the other of a dark blue colour." + }, + { + "id": 22497, + "la": "Cum autem cursum itineris sui peragens subiret sub orbem solis, tunc eam radiis et impetu caloris corripi convertique candentem propter eius proprietatem luminis ad lumen", + "en": "Now when it traverses the course of its orbit, and comes under the suns disk, it is attracted by the suns rays and violent heat, and, because of the property of the suns light, the shining hemisphere of the moon turns to that light." + }, + { + "id": 22498, + "la": "Cum autem ea vocata ad solis orbem superiora spectent, tunc inferiorem partem eius, quod candens non sit, propter aeris similitudinem obscuram videri", + "en": "But while those upper parts which are attracted look towards the suns sphere, the lower hemisphere of the moon, which does not shine, seems dark because of its resemblance to the air." + }, + { + "id": 22499, + "la": "Cum ad perpendiculum esset ad eius radios, totum lumen ad superiorem speciem retineri, et tunc eam vocari primam", + "en": "When the moon is perpendicular to the suns rays, all its light is held back on its upper face, and it is then called the first moon." + }, + { + "id": 22500, + "la": "Cum praeteriens vadat ad orientis caeli partes, relaxari ab impetu solis extremamque eius partem candentiae oppido quam tenui linia ad terram mittere splendorem, et ita ex eo eam secundam vocari", + "en": "When the moon in its passage moves towards the eastern parts of the sky, it begins to be released from the suns force, and the extreme edge of its shining hemisphere in a very thin line lets fall its splendour on the earth; and so therefrom it is called the second moon." + }, + { + "id": 22501, + "la": "Cotidiana autem versationis remissione tertiam, quartam in dies numerari", + "en": "Owing to the daily retardation of its revolution, the third and fourth moons and so on are numbered." + }, + { + "id": 22502, + "la": "Septimo die, sol sit ad occidentem, [luna autem inter orientem et occidentem] medias caeli teneat regiones, quod dimidia parte caeli spatio distaret a sole, item dimidiam candentiae conversam habere ad terram", + "en": "On the seventh day let the sun be towards the west; the moon occupies the middle region of the sky and has half of the shining hemisphere turned upon the earth because it is distant from the sun by a space equal to the half part of the sky." + }, + { + "id": 22503, + "la": "Inter solem vero et lunam cum distet totum mundi spatium et lunae orienti sol trans contra sit ad occidentem, eam, quo longius arsit, a radiis remissam xiiii die plena rota totius orbis mittere splendorem, reliquos-que dies decrescentia cotidiana ad perfectionem lunaris mensis versationibus et cursu a sole revocationibus subire sub rotam radiosque eius, et iam menstruas dierum efficere rationes", + "en": "But when the whole space of heaven separates the sun and moon, and the sun is opposed on the west to the rising moon, the moon, burning at a greater distance, is released from the suns rays,1 and on the fourteenth day sends forth its splendour with the full disk of its whole orb. During the remaining days there is a daily decrease until the lunar month is complete; the moon as it revolves along its course is recalled under the suns disk and rays, and now2 completes the order of the days of the month." + }, + { + "id": 22504, + "la": "Uti autem Aristarchus Samius mathematicus vigore magno rationes varietatis disciplinis de eadem reliquit, exponam", + "en": "I will now explain how Aristarchus the mathematician of Samos, by his powerful intelligence, left in his systematic works an explanation of the moons phases." + }, + { + "id": 22505, + "la": "Non enim latet lunam suum propriumque non habere lumen, sed esse uti speculum et ab solis impetu recipere splendorem", + "en": "For it does not escape him that the moon has not its own proper light, and that it is like a mirror and receives its splendour from the suns force." + }, + { + "id": 22506, + "la": "Namque luna de septem astris circulum proximum terrae in cursibus minimum pervagatur", + "en": "For, of the seven planets, the moon traverses that circle which is nearest the earth and least in its range." + }, + { + "id": 22507, + "la": "Ita quot mensibus sub rotam solis radiosque uno die, antequam praeterit, latens obscuratur", + "en": "Every month, therefore, it is darkened under the disk and rays of the sun, and lies hid for one day before it passes." + }, + { + "id": 22508, + "la": "Cum est cum sole, nova vocatur", + "en": "When it adjoins the sun, it is called the new moon." + }, + { + "id": 22509, + "la": "Postero autem die, quo numeratur secunda, praeteriens ab sole visitationem facit tenuem extremae rotundationis", + "en": "On the next day, which is counted the second, it passes away from the sun, and gives a slight visibility to the edge of its disk." + }, + { + "id": 22510, + "la": "Cum triduum recessit ab sole, crescit et plus inluminatur", + "en": "When it is three days distance from the sun, it waxes and receives more light." + }, + { + "id": 22511, + "la": "Cotidie vero discedens cum pervenit ad diem septimum, distans a sole occidente circiter medias caeli regiones, dimidia luce, et eius quae ad solem pars spectat, ea est inluminata", + "en": "When in its daily departure it comes to the seventh day, being distant from the western sun about half the region of the sky, it has half its light and that part which looks towards the sun is illuminated." + }, + { + "id": 22512, + "la": "Quarto autem decumo die, cum in diametro spatio totius mundi absit ab sole, perficitur plena et oritur, cum sol sit ad occidentem, ideo quod totum spatium mundi distans consistit contra et impetu solis totius orbis in se recipit splendorem", + "en": "On the fourteenth day, when it is distant from the sun by the diameter of the universe, it becomes full, and rises when the sun is in the west, because being distant the whole space of the universe it stands face to face, and by the force of the sun receives into itself the splendour of the suns whole orb." + }, + { + "id": 22513, + "la": "Septumo decumo die cum sol oriatur, ea pressa est ad occidentem", + "en": "When the sun rises on the seventeenth day the moon is near1 to the west." + }, + { + "id": 22514, + "la": "Vicensimo et altero die cum sol est exortus, luna tenet circiter caeli medias regiones, et id quod spectat ad solem, id habet lucidum reliquis obscura", + "en": "When the sun is risen on the twenty-second day the moon holds nearly the middle region of the sky; it keeps bright the part which looks towards the sun; in the other parts the moon is darkened." + }, + { + "id": 22515, + "la": "Item cotidie cursum faciendo circiter octavo et vicensimo die subit sub radios solis, et ita menstruas perficit rationes", + "en": "Further, making its journey from day to day, it is absorbed in the rays of the sun about the twenty-eighth day, and thus completes the order of the month." + }, + { + "id": 22516, + "la": "Nunc, ut in singulis mensibus sol signa pervadens auget et minuit dierum et horarum spatia, dicam", + "en": "In the next place I will describe2 how the sun going through the signs, augments and diminishes each month the length of the day and of the hour." + }, + { + "id": 22517, + "la": "Namque cum arietis signum iniit et partem octavam pervagatur, perficit aequinoctium vernum", + "en": "When he enters the sign of the Ram and traverses the eighth degree,1 he makes the vernal equinox." + }, + { + "id": 22518, + "la": "Cum progreditur ad caudam tauri sidusque vergiliarum, e quibus eminet dimidia pars prior tauri, in maius spatium mundi quam dimidium procurrit procedens ad septentrionalem partem", + "en": "When he goes on to the tail2 of the Bull and the constellation of the Pleiades from which the first half of the Bull stands out, the space which he enters is more than half the firmament3 as he moves to the north." + }, + { + "id": 22519, + "la": "E tauro cum ingreditur in geminos exorientibus vergiliis, magis crescit supra terram et auget spatia dierum", + "en": "When, after the Bull, he enters the Twins at the rising of the Pleiades, he rises higher above the earth and lengthens the day." + }, + { + "id": 22520, + "la": "Deinde geminis cum iniit ad cancrum, qui brevissimum tenet caeli spatium, cum pervenit in partem octavam, perficit solstitiale tempus, et peragens pervenit ad caput et pectus leonis, quod eae partes cancero sunt attributae", + "en": "Thereupon, after the Twins he enters the Crab, a sign which occupies the shortest space of the heavens; coming to the eighth degree, he completes the solstice, and in his progress reaches the head and breast of the Lion, these parts being assigned to the sign of the Crab." + }, + { + "id": 22521, + "la": "E pectore autem leonis et finibus cancri solis exitus percurrens reliquas partes leonis inminuit diei magnitudinem et circinationis reditque in geminorum aequalem cursum", + "en": "Leaving the breast of the Lion and the limits of the Crab and passing through the remaining degrees of the Lion, he diminishes the length of the daylight and of his circuit, and returns to the movement which he had in the Twins." + }, + { + "id": 22522, + "la": "Tunc vero a leone transiens in virginem progrediensque ad sinum vestis eius contrahit circinationem et aequat ad eam, quam taurus habet, cursus rationem", + "en": "Passing then from the Lion to the Virgin and reaching the lap of her robe, he contracts his circuit and makes the amount of his course equal to that which the Bull holds." + }, + { + "id": 22523, + "la": "E virgine autem progrediens per sinum, qui sinus librae partes habet primas, in librae parte viii perficit aequinoctium autumnale; qui cursus aequat eam circinationem, quae fuerat in arietis signo", + "en": "Proceeding from the Virgin over her lap which occupies the first degrees of the Balance, at the eighth degree of the Balance he completes the autumnal equinox. This passage equals the circuit which he made in the sign of the Ram." + }, + { + "id": 22524, + "la": "Scorpionem autem cum sol ingressus fuerit occidentibus vergiliis, minuit progrediens meridianas partes longitudines dierum", + "en": "When the sun enters the Scorpion at the setting of the Pleiades, he diminishes the length of the day on his southward journey." + }, + { + "id": 22525, + "la": "E scorpione cum percurrendo init in sagittarium ad femina eius, contractiorem diurnum pervolat cursum", + "en": "Passing from the Scorpion when he enters the Archer near his thighs, he traverses a still shorter daily course." + }, + { + "id": 22526, + "la": "Cum autem incipit a feminibus sagittarii, quae pars est attributa capricorno, ad partem octavam, brevissimum caeli per-currit spatium", + "en": "Beginning from the thighs of the Archer, a part which is assigned to the Goat, at the eighth degree of the Goat he passes through the shortest space of the sky." + }, + { + "id": 22527, + "la": "Ex eo a brevitate diurna bruma ac dies brumales appellantur", + "en": "Hence, from the brevity of the days, the winter and the days receive their names." + }, + { + "id": 22528, + "la": "E capricorno autem transiens in aquarium adauget et aequat sagittarii longitudine diei spatium", + "en": "Passing now from the Goat to the Water-carrier, he increases the length of the day, and equals the circuit of the Archer." + }, + { + "id": 22529, + "la": "Ab aquario cum ingressus est in pisces favonio flante, scorpionis comparat aequalem cursum", + "en": "From the Water-carrier he enters the Fishes when the west wind blows, and makes a circuit equal to that which he made in the Scorpion." + }, + { + "id": 22530, + "la": "Ita sol ea signa circum pervagando certis temporibus auget aut minuit dierum et horarum spatia", + "en": "In this way the sun travels through the signs at fixed times, and augments or diminishes the lengths of the day and of the hour." + }, + { + "id": 22531, + "la": "Nunc de ceteris sideribus, quae sunt dextra ac sinistra zonam signorum meridiana septentrionalique parte mundi stellis disposita figurataque, dicam", + "en": "I will next speak of the other constellations1 which are situated and figured with stars on the right and left of the zodiac both towards the Meridian and to the north." + }, + { + "id": 22532, + "la": "Namque septentrio, quem Graeci nominant arctum sive helicen, habet post se conlocatum custodem", + "en": "The Waggon, which the Greeks call the Bear or Helice, has the Keeper of the Bear placed behind it." + }, + { + "id": 22533, + "la": "Non longe conformata est virgo, cuius supra umerum dextrum lucidissima stella nititur, quam nostri provindemiatorem, Graeci protrugeten vocant; candens autem magis spica eius est colorata", + "en": "Not far distant is the constellation of the Virgin. Above her right shoulder rests a very bright star which we call the Vintager, the Greeks Protrugetes. But Spica, a still more brilliant star in that constellation, is coloured." + }, + { + "id": 22534, + "la": "Item alia contra est stella media genuorum custodis arcti: qui arcturus dicitur est ibi delicatus", + "en": "There is also another star opposite which is between the knees of the Keeper: this is called Arcturus and is of a delicate colour." + }, + { + "id": 22535, + "la": "E regione capitis septentrionis transversus ad pedes geminorum auriga stat in summo cornu tauri'itemque in summo cornu laevo et auriga pedis una tenet parte stellam'et appelluntur aurigae manui haedi, capra laevo umero", + "en": "Opposite the top of the Waggon, across towards the feet of the Twins, is the Charioteer2 standing on the horns of the Bull. Further, on the tip of the left horn the Charioteer also has at his feet a star on one side. Against the hands of the Charioteer, the Kids are stationed. Capra is on the left shoulder of the Charioteer." + }, + { + "id": 22536, + "la": "Tauri quidem et arietis insuper Perseus'dexterioribus subter currens basem vergiliis, at sinisterioris caput arietis'et manu dextra innitens Cassiepiae simulacro, laeva supra tauri tenet gorgoneum ad summum caput, subiciensque Andromedae pedibus", + "en": "Above the Bull and the Ram stands Perseus;4 his right foot supporting the Pleiades; on his left, the head of the Ram; with his right hand he rests on the constellation of Cassiopeia; with his left he holds the Gorgons head above the Bull and lays it at the feet of Andromeda." + }, + { + "id": 22537, + "la": "Item pisces supra Andromedam, et eius ventris et equi sunt supra spinam aequi, cuius ventris lucidissima stella finit ventrem equi et caput Andromedae", + "en": "The Fishes are beyond Andromeda and are level with her belly and the back of the Horse. A very bright star divides the belly of the Horse and the head of Andromeda." + }, + { + "id": 22538, + "la": "Manus Andromedae dextra supra Cassiopiae simulacrum est constituta, laeva aquilonalem piscem", + "en": "The right hand of Andromeda is placed above the constellation of Cassiopeia, and the left upon the Northern Fish." + }, + { + "id": 22539, + "la": "Item aquarii supra equi capitis est", + "en": "The constellation of the Water-carrier is against the Horses head." + }, + { + "id": 22540, + "la": "Equi ungulae attingunt aquarii genua; Cassiopia media est dedicata", + "en": "The Horses hoofs touch the knees of the Water-carrier. Cassiopeia is in the middle." + }, + { + "id": 22541, + "la": "Capricorni supra in altitudinem aquila et delphinus", + "en": "Rising above Capricorn are the Eagle and the Dolphin." + }, + { + "id": 22542, + "la": "Secundum eos est sagitta", + "en": "Next is the Arrow." + }, + { + "id": 22543, + "la": "Ab ea autem volucris, cuius pinna dextra Cephei manum adtingit et sceptrum, laeva supra Cassiopiae innititur", + "en": "On it follows the Swan with its right wing touching the hand and sceptre of Cepheus, and its left resting upon Cassiopeia." + }, + { + "id": 22544, + "la": "Sub avis cauda pedes equi sunt subtecti", + "en": "Under the tail of the Swan the feet of the Horse are concealed." + }, + { + "id": 22545, + "la": "Inde sagittarii, scorpionis, librae insuper serpens summo rostro coronam tangit", + "en": "Then following the Archer, the Scorpion and the Balance, comes the Serpent touching the Crown with the tip of his mouth." + }, + { + "id": 22546, + "la": "Ad eum medium ophiuchos in manibus tenet serpentem, laevo pede calcans mediam frontem scorpionis", + "en": "The Serpent-holder has the middle of the Serpent in his hands and treads with his left foot the forehead of the Scorpion." + }, + { + "id": 22547, + "la": "A parte ophiuchi capitis non longe positum est caput eius, qui dicitur nisus in genibus", + "en": "The constellation which is called the Kneeler has its head not far from the head of the Serpent-holder." + }, + { + "id": 22548, + "la": "Autem eorum faciliores sunt capitum vertices ad cognoscendum, quod non obscuris stellis sunt conformati", + "en": "The tops of their heads are the more easily recognised because they are marked by not inconspicuous stars. ." + }, + { + "id": 22549, + "la": "Pes ingeniculati ad id fulcitur capitis tempus serpentis, cuius arctorum, qui septentriones dicuntur, inplicatus", + "en": "The foot of the Kneeler2 rests on the temple of the Dragon in which that one of the Bears which is called the Waggon is enfolded." + }, + { + "id": 22550, + "la": "Parve per eos flectitur delphinus; contra volucris rostrum proposita lyra", + "en": "The Dolphin moves dimly3 among them; over against the beak of the Swan the Lyre is prominent." + }, + { + "id": 22551, + "la": "Inter umeros custodis et geniculati corona est ordinata", + "en": "Between the shoulders of the Keeper and the Kneeler the Crown is set in array." + }, + { + "id": 22552, + "la": "In septentrionali vero circulo duae positae sunt arctoe scapularum dorsis inter se compositae et pectoribus aversae", + "en": "In the northern circle, the two Bears are placed joined together with their shoulders back to back and their breasts turned away." + }, + { + "id": 22553, + "la": "E quibus minor cynosura, maior helice a Graecis appellatur", + "en": "Of these the less is called in Greek Cynosura, the greater Helice." + }, + { + "id": 22554, + "la": "Earumque capita inter se dispicientia sunt constituta, caudae capitibus earum adversae contra dispositae figurantur; utrarumque enim superando eminent", + "en": "Their heads look, one up, one down. Their tails are figured in opposite directions set against each others heads, and are raised so as to project." + }, + { + "id": 22555, + "la": "In summo per caudas earum esse dicitur", + "en": "The highest point in the heavens is said to be between their tails." + }, + { + "id": 22556, + "la": "Item serpens est porrecta, e qua stella quae dicitur polus elucet circum caput maioris septentrionis; namque quae est proxume draconem, circum caput eius involvitur", + "en": "The Dragon is also spread out, and from this constellation the pole-star, so-called, shines against the head of the Great Bear. For the Bear which is nearest the Dragon has its head bent round." + }, + { + "id": 22557, + "la": "Una vero circum cynosurae caput iniecta est fluxu porrectaque proxime eius pedes", + "en": "At the same time the Dragon is thrown in its flowing movement round the head of the Little Bear and reaches its feet." + }, + { + "id": 22558, + "la": "Haec autem intorta replicataque capite minoris ad maiorem, circa rostrum et capitis tempus dextrum", + "en": "And the Dragon is twisted and folded back from the head of the Little Bear to the Great Bear about his snout and the right temple of his head." + }, + { + "id": 22559, + "la": "Item supra caudam minoris pedes sunt Cephei, ibique ad summum cacumen facientes stellae sunt trigonum paribus lateribus, insuper arietis signum", + "en": "Further, the feet of Cepheus are on the tail of the Little Bear. And there at the highest point are stars which form a triangle with its equal sides above the Ram." + }, + { + "id": 22560, + "la": "Septentrionis autem minoris et Cassiopiae simulacri complures sunt stellae confusae", + "en": "But many stars belonging to the Little Bear and to the constellation of Cassiopeia are confused." + }, + { + "id": 22561, + "la": "Quae sunt ad dextram orientis inter zonam signorum et septentrionum sidera in caelo disposita dixi esse; nunc explicabo, quae ad sinistram orientis meridianisque partibus ab natura sunt distributa", + "en": "The constellations which are to the right of the east between the Zodiac and the Waggon I have described as figured.1 I will now explain those which are distributed by nature to the left of the east and in the parts south." + }, + { + "id": 22562, + "la": "Primum sub capricorno subiectus piscis austrinus caudam prospiciens ceti", + "en": "First, under Capricorn lies the southern Fish looking towards the tail of the Whale." + }, + { + "id": 22563, + "la": "Ab eo ad sagittarium locus est inanis", + "en": "From that to the Archer is a void." + }, + { + "id": 22564, + "la": "Turibulum sub scorpionis aculeo", + "en": "The Altar is under the Scorpions sting." + }, + { + "id": 22565, + "la": "Centauri priores partes proximae sunt librae et scorpioni", + "en": "The front part of the Centaur is nearest to the Balance and Scorpion." + }, + { + "id": 22566, + "la": "Tenet in manibus simulacrum, id quod bestiam astrorum periti nominaverunt", + "en": "He holds in his hands a figure which the astronomers have named the Beast." + }, + { + "id": 22567, + "la": "Ad virginem et leonem et cancrum anguis porrigens agmen stellarum intortus succingit, regione cancri erigens rostrum, ad leonem medioque corpore sustinens craterem ad manumque virginis caudam subiciens in qua inest corvos; quae sunt autem supra scapulas, peraeque sunt lucentia", + "en": "The Virgin, the Lion and the Crab are girt about with the Serpent,3 which in its twistings stretches through a procession of stars. It raises its snout to the Crab; against the Lion it supports the Cup with its middle; to the hand of the Virgin it raises its tail, on which rests the Crow. The stars above its shoulders are equally luminous." + }, + { + "id": 22568, + "la": "Ad anguis inferius ventris, sub caudam subiectus est centaurus", + "en": "At the lower part of the Hydras belly, under its tail, the Centaur is placed." + }, + { + "id": 22569, + "la": "Iuxta cratera et leonem navis est, quae nominatur Argo, cuius prora obscuratur, sed malus et quae sunt circa gubernacula eminentia videntur, ipsaque navicula et puppis per summam caudam cani iungitur", + "en": "Against the Cup and the Lion is the ship Argo; the bows are hidden but the mast and the parts about the stern are seen standing out. The Ship and its stern adjoins the Great Dog at the tip of its tail." + }, + { + "id": 22570, + "la": "Geminos autem minusculus canis sequitur contra anguis caput Maior item sequitur minorem", + "en": "The Twins are followed by the Little, and the Great, Dog, opposite the head of the Hydra." + }, + { + "id": 22571, + "la": "Orion vero transversus est subiectus, pressus ungula tauri, manu laeva tenens, clavam altera ad geminos tollens", + "en": "Orion lies across pressed by the hoof of the Bull, holding it in his left hand and with the right raising his club towards the Twins." + }, + { + "id": 22572, + "la": "Apud eius vero basim canis parvo intervallo insequens leporem", + "en": "Near his feet is the Great Dog following the Hare at a short interval." + }, + { + "id": 22573, + "la": "Arieti et piscibus cetus est subiectus, a cuius crista ordinate utrisque piscibus disposita est tenuis fusio stellarum, quae graece vocitantur harpedonae", + "en": "Under the Ram and the Fishes comes the Whale; from its head there is a sprinkling of stars arranged in a band towards the two Fishes (called in Greek harpedonae)," + }, + { + "id": 22574, + "la": "Magnoque intervallo intror-sus pressus serpentium, attingit summam ceti cristam", + "en": "and at a great interval a downward weight of the winding stars touches the mane of the Whale." + }, + { + "id": 22575, + "la": "Esse fuit per speciem stellarum flumen", + "en": "There was to be1 a River under the semblance of stars." + }, + { + "id": 22576, + "la": "Profluit initium fontis capiens a laevo pede Orionis", + "en": "It flows forth taking the beginning of its source from the left foot of Orion." + }, + { + "id": 22577, + "la": "Quae vero ab aquario fundi memoratur aqua, profluit inter piscis austrini caput et caudam ceti", + "en": "The water which is said to be poured by the Water-carrier flows between the head of the Southern Fish and the tail of the Whale." + }, + { + "id": 22578, + "la": "Quae figurata conformataque sunt siderum in mundo simulacra, natura divinaque mente designata, ut Democrito physico placuit, exposui, sed tantum ea, quorum ortus et occasus possumus animadvertere et oculis contueri", + "en": "I have expounded in accordance with the principles of Democritus, the natural philosopher, the figures of the constellations3 which are shaped and formed in the firmament, and planned by nature and the divine spirit;4 but only those constellations whose risings and settings we can observe and see with our eyes." + }, + { + "id": 22579, + "la": "Namque uti septemtrionis circum axis cardinem versantur non occidunt neque sub terram subeunt, sic circa meridianum cardinem, qui est propter inclinationem mundi subiectus terrae, sidera versabunda latentiaque non habent egressus orientis supra terram", + "en": "For just as the two Bears turn round the pole, neither setting nor going under the earth, so round the southern pole which, because of the obliquity of the universe, lies under the earth, constellations are turning1 in concealment without coming forth and rising above the earth." + }, + { + "id": 22580, + "la": "Itaque eorum figurationes propter obstantiam terrae non sunt notae", + "en": "Hence the earth intervenes and prevents the knowledge of their configuration." + }, + { + "id": 22581, + "la": "Huius autem rei index est stella Canopi, quae his regionibus est ignota, renuntiant autem negotiatores, qui ad extremas Aegypti regiones proximasque ultimis finibus terrae terminationes fuerunt", + "en": "A proof of this is the star Canopus,2 which to us in these regions is unknown. Yet it (i.e. the fact of southern constellations) is reported by merchants who have been to the farthest parts of Egypt and the limits nearest to the ultimate bounds of the earth." + }, + { + "id": 22582, + "la": "De mundi circa terram pervolitantia duodecimque signorum ex septentrionali meridianaque parte siderum dispositione, ut sit perspectus docui", + "en": "I have described the revolution of the firmament round the earth and the arrangement of the twelve signs and of the constellations to the north and south so as to present them to a clear view." + }, + { + "id": 22583, + "la": "Namque ex ea mundi versatione et contrario solis per signa cursu gnomonumque aequinoctialibus umbris analemmatorum inveniuntur descriptiones", + "en": "For from that revolution of the firmament and the contrary motion of the sun through the signs and the equinoctial shadows of the gnomons, the diagrams of the analemma are discovered." + }, + { + "id": 22584, + "la": "Cetera ex astrologia, quos effectus habeant signa xii, stellae v, sol, luna ad humanam vitae rationem, Chaldaeorum ratiocinationibus est concedendum, quod propria est eorum genethlialogiae ratio, uti possint ante facta et futura ex ratiocinationibus astrorum explicare", + "en": "For the rest, as to astrology, the effects produced on the human course of life by the twelve signs, the five planets, the sun and moon, we must give way to the calculations of the Chaldaean astrologers,3 because the casting of nativities is special to them so that they can explain the past and the future from astronomical calculations." + }, + { + "id": 22585, + "la": "Eorum autem inventiones reliquerunt, in quae sollertia acuminibusque fuerunt magnis, qui ab ipsa natione Chaldaeorum profluxerunt", + "en": "Those who have sprung from the Chaldaean nation have handed on their discoveries about matters in which they have approved themselves of great skill and subtlety." + }, + { + "id": 22586, + "la": "Primusque Berosus in insula et civitate Coo consedit ibique aperuit disciplinam, post ea studens Antipater iterumque Athenodorus, qui etiam non e nascentia sed ex conceptione genethlialogiae rationes explicatas reliquit", + "en": "And first,1 Berosus settled in the island of Cos as a citizen and opened a school there. Then Antipater took up the pursuit, and further, Athenodorus, who left a method of casting nativities, not from the time of birth but from that of conception." + }, + { + "id": 22587, + "la": "De naturalibus autem rebus Thales Milesius, Anaxagoras Clazomenius, Pythagoras Samius, Xenophanes Colophonius, Democritus Abderites rationes, quibus e rebus natura rerum gubernaretur quemadmodum cumque effectus habeat, excogitatas reliquerunt", + "en": "In natural philosophy, Thales of Miletus, Anaxagoras of Clazomenae, Pythagoras of Samos, Xenophanes of Colophon, Democritus of Abdera left elaborate theories on the causes by which nature was governed, and the manner in which each produced its effects." + }, + { + "id": 22588, + "la": "Quorum inventa secuti siderum et occasus tempestatumque significatus Eudoxus, Eudemus, Callippus, Meto, Philippus, Hipparchus, Aratus ceterique ex astrologia parapegmatorum disciplinis invenerunt et eas posteris explicatas reliquerunt", + "en": "Eudoxus,2 Eudemus,3 Callippus,4 Meton,5 Philippus,6 Hipparchus,7 Aratus,8 and others followed up their discoveries, and, with the help of astronomical tables,9 discovered the indications of the constellations, of their setting, and of the seasons, and handed down the explanations to after times." + }, + { + "id": 22589, + "la": "Quorum scientiae sunt hominibus suspiciendae, quod tanta cura fuerunt, ut etiam videantur divina mente tempestatium significatus post futuros ante pronuntiare", + "en": "Their knowledge is to be highly regarded by mankind, because they so applied themselves, that they seem by divine inspiration to declare beforehand the indications of the seasons." + }, + { + "id": 22590, + "la": "Quas ob res haec eorum curis studiisque sunt concedenda", + "en": "Wherefore these topics may be referred to their care and attention." + }, + { + "id": 22591, + "la": "Nobis autem ab his separandae sunt rationes et explicandae menstruae dierum brevitates itemque depalationes", + "en": "We must separate from other astronomical studies the description of the shortening and marking of the days, month by month, on the dial." + }, + { + "id": 22592, + "la": "Namque sol aequinoctiali tempore ariete libraque versando, quas e gnomone partes habent novem, eas umbrae facit viii in declinatione caeli, quae est Romae", + "en": "For the sun, in his revolution, at the time of the spring and autumn equinoxes, casts a shadow, in the latitude of Rome, which is equal to eight-ninths of the height of the gnomon." + }, + { + "id": 22593, + "la": "Idemque Athenis quam magnae sunt gnomonis partes quattuor, umbrae sunt tres, ad vii Rhodo v, ad xi Tarenti ix, ad quinque tres, ceterisque omnibus locis aliae alio modo umbrae gnomonum aequinoctiales a natura rerum inveniuntur disparatae", + "en": "Further, at Athens the shadows are three-quarters of the gnomon, at Rhodes five-sevenths, at Tarentum nine-elevenths, at Alexandria three-fifths; and in other places the shadows of the gnomon at the equinox are found to differ by different amounts, in accordance with the Nature of Things." + }, + { + "id": 22594, + "la": "Itaque in quibuscumque locis horologia erunt describenda, eo loci sumenda est aequinoctialis umbra, et si erunt quemadmodum Romae gnomonis partes novem, umbrae octo, describatur in planitia et e media pros orthas erigatur ut sit ad normam quae dicitur gnomon", + "en": "Therefore in whatever places dials are to be set out, the length of the shadow at the equinox is to be taken. If, as at Rome, there are nine parts of the gnomon, and eight parts of the shadow, let a line1 be drawn on the level, and from the middle let there be set upright and with a set-square, a perpendicular which is called the gnomon;" + }, + { + "id": 22595, + "la": "Et a linea, quae erit planities in linea gnomonis circino novem spatia demetiantur; et quo loco nonae partis signum fuerit, centrum constituatur, ubi erit littera a; et deducto circino ab eo centro ad lineam planitiae, ubi erit littera b, circinatio circuli describatur, quae dicitur meridiana", + "en": "and on the line where the level surface is, let nine parts be measured starting from the foot of the gnomon; where the end of the ninth part is marked, let a centre be taken and indicated by the letter a; and extending the compasses from that centre to a point in the line, to be indicated by the letter b, let the circumference of the circle be described which we call the meridian." + }, + { + "id": 22596, + "la": "Deinde ex novem partibus, quae sunt a planitia ad gnomonis centrum, viii sumantur et signentur in linea, quae est in planitia, ubi erit littera c", + "en": "Then of the nine parts which are between the centre of the gnomon and the point on the level line, let eight be taken and indicated by a point c." + }, + { + "id": 22597, + "la": "Haec autem erit gnomonis aequinoctialis umbra", + "en": "This will be the equinoctial shadow of the gnomon." + }, + { + "id": 22598, + "la": "Et ab eo signo et littera c per centrum, ubi est littera a, linea perducatur, ubi erit solis aequinoctialis radius", + "en": "From the point marked c let a line be drawn through the centre a; and this will represent a ray of the sun at the equinox." + }, + { + "id": 22599, + "la": "Tunc a centro diducto circino ad lineam planitiae aequilatatio signetur, ubi erit littera e sinisteriore parte et i dexteriore in extremis lineis circinationis", + "en": "Then extending the compasses from a let a line be drawn parallel to the level surface, with the letter e on the left side and the letter I on the right side of the circumference," + }, + { + "id": 22600, + "la": "Et per centrum perducendum, ut aequa duo hemicyclia sint divisa", + "en": "let them be joined through the centre, so that they divide the circle into two equal semicircles." + }, + { + "id": 22601, + "la": "Haec autem linea a mathematicis dicitur horizon", + "en": "This line is called the horizon by the mathematicians." + }, + { + "id": 22602, + "la": "Deinde circinationis totius sumenda pars est xv; et circini centrum conlocandum in linea circinationis, quod loci secat eam lineam aequinoctialis radius, ubi erit littera f; et signandum dextra sinistra, ubi sunt litterae g h", + "en": "Then the circumference is to be divided into fifteen parts, and the centre of the compasses is to be put at that point f in the circumference where it is cut by the equinoctial ray c, and the points g h are to be marked right and left." + }, + { + "id": 22603, + "la": "Deinde ab his lineae usque ad lineam planitiae perducendae sunt, ubi erunt litterae t r", + "en": "Then from these, through the centre, lines are to be carried through to the line of the plane where the letters t r are to be put." + }, + { + "id": 22604, + "la": "Ita erit solis radius unus hibernus, alter aestivus", + "en": "One line will mark the ray of the sun in winter, the other the ray of the sun in the summer." + }, + { + "id": 22605, + "la": "Contra autem littera i erit, qua secat circinationem linea, quae est traiecta per centrum, ubi erunt litterae yklg, et contra k litterae erunt khxl; et contra c et f et a erit littera n", + "en": "Over against e will be the letter I on the horizon which cuts the circumference and passes through the centre. In this quarter are the points yklg. Over against k will be the points khxl. And over against c f a will be the letter n." + }, + { + "id": 22606, + "la": "Tunc perducendae sunt diametro8ab g ad l et ab h ", + "en": "Then diameters are to be drawn from g to l and from h to k." + }, + { + "id": 22607, + "la": "Quae erit superior, partis erit aestivae, inferior hibernae", + "en": "The upper will determine the summer portion, and the lower the winter portion." + }, + { + "id": 22608, + "la": "Eaeque diametro sunt aeque mediae dividendae, ubi erunt litterae o et m, ibique centra signanda", + "en": "These diameters are to be equally divided in the middle at the letters o and m, and the centres marked." + }, + { + "id": 22609, + "la": "Et per ea signa et centrum a lineae ad extremas lineae circinationis sunt perducendae, ubi erunt litterae q et p; haec erit linea pros orthas radio aequinoctiali", + "en": "Through those letters and the centre a, a line is to be produced to the circumference at the points q and p. This line will be perpendicular to the equinoctial ray;" + }, + { + "id": 22610, + "la": "", + "en": "" + }, + { + "id": 22611, + "la": "Vocabitur autem haec linea mathematicis rationibus axon", + "en": "in mathematical calculations it is called the axis." + }, + { + "id": 22612, + "la": "Et ab eisdem centris deducto circino ad extremas diametros describantur hemicyclia, quorum unum erit aestivum, alterum hibernum", + "en": "From them as centres, the compasses are extended to the ends of the diameters and semicircles are described, of which one will be for the summer, the other for the winter." + }, + { + "id": 22613, + "la": "Deinde in quibus locis secant lineae paralleloe lineam eam quae dicitur horizon, in dexteriore parte erit littera s, in sinisteriore v", + "en": "Then, at the places where the parallel lines cut the line called the horizon, let the right-hand point be s and the left-hand point be v." + }, + { + "id": 22614, + "la": "Et ab littera s ducatur linea parallelos axoni ad extremum hemicyclium, ubi erit littera y; et ab v ad sinistram hemicyclii item parallelos linea ducatur ad litteram x", + "en": "From the letter s let there be drawn a line parallel to the axis, to the farther semicircle at the point y; and from v let there be drawn also a parallel line on the left of that semicircle to the letter x." + }, + { + "id": 22615, + "la": "Haec autem parallelos linea vocitatur laeotomus", + "en": "This parallel line is called the laeotomus." + }, + { + "id": 22616, + "la": "Et tum circini centrum conlocandum est eo loci, quo secat circinationem aequinoctialis radius, ubi erit littera d; et deducendum ad eum locum, quo secat circinationem aestivus radius, ubi est littera h", + "en": "Then the centre of the compasses is to be placed on the point marked d where the equinoctial radius cuts the circumference, and they are to be extended to the point h where the circumference is intersected by the summer radius." + }, + { + "id": 22617, + "la": "E centro aequinoctiali intervallo aestivo circinatio circuli menstrui agatur, qui manaeus dicitur", + "en": "From the equinoctial centre with a radius to the summer intersection, let the circle of the months be drawn which is called Manaeus." + }, + { + "id": 22618, + "la": "Ita habebitur analemmatos deformatio", + "en": "This will complete the design of the analemma." + }, + { + "id": 22619, + "la": "Cum hoc ita sit descriptum et explicatum, sive per hibernas lineas sive per aestivas sive per aequinoctiales aut etiam per menstruas in subiectionibus rationes horarum erunt ex analemmatos describendae, subicianturque in eo multae varietates et genera horologiorum et describuntur rationibus his artificiosis", + "en": "The analemma in this way has been set forth and explained, whether the figures of the hours are to be marked by the analemma according to the winter lines or the summer lines or the equinoctial or indeed the monthly lines in accordance with the annexed figure. From the analemma there may be deduced many varieties and kinds of dials and they are drawn by these technical methods." + }, + { + "id": 22620, + "la": "Omnium autem figurarum descriptionumque earum effectus unus, uti dies aequinoctialis bruma-lisque idemque solstitialis in duodecim partes aequaliter sit divisus", + "en": "But of all these figures and drawings, the result is the same: the length of the day at the equinoxes and at the winter and summer solstices is divided into twelve equal parts." + }, + { + "id": 22621, + "la": "Quas ob res non pigritia deterritus praetermissis, sed ne multa scribendo offendam, a quibusque inventa sunt genera descriptionesque horologiorum, exponam", + "en": "Wherefore they have not been omitted because I shrank from the labour involved; but without transgressing by long recitals, I will set forth the kinds and the figures of dials with the names of their inventors." + }, + { + "id": 22622, + "la": "Neque enim nunc nova genera invenire possum nec aliena pro meis praedicanda videntur", + "en": "For I cannot now invent new kinds, and the work of other men is not to be put forth as my own." + }, + { + "id": 22623, + "la": "Itaque quae nobis tradita sunt et a quibus sint inventa, dicam", + "en": "Therefore I will say what has been handed down, and by whom it has been invented." + }, + { + "id": 22624, + "la": "VIII Hemicyclium excavatum ex quadrato ad enclimaque succisum Berosus Chaldaeus dicitur invenisse; scaphen sive hemisphaerium dicitur Aristarchus Samius, idem etiam discum in planitia; arachnen Eudoxus astrologus, nonnulli dicunt Apollonium; plinthium sive lacunar, quod etiam in circo Flaminio est positum, Scopinas Syracusius; pros ta historumena, Parmenion, pros pan clima, Theodosius et Andrias, Patrocles pelecinum, Dionysodorus conum, Apollonius pharetram, aliaque genera et qui supra scripti sunt et alii plures inventa reliquerunt, uti conarachnen, conicum plinthium, antiboreum", + "en": "Berosus the Chaldaean is said to have invented the semicircular dial hollowed out of a square block and cut according to the latitude; Aristarchus1 of Samos, the Bowl or Hemisphere, as it is said, also the Disk on a level surface; the astronomer Eudoxus, or as some say Apollonius,2 the Spider; Scopinas3 of Syracuse, the Plinthium4 or Ceiling, of which an example is in the Circus Flaminius;5 Parmenio, the Dial for Consultation; Theodosius6 and Andrias, the Dial for All Latitudes; Patrocles, the Dovetail; Dionysodorus,7 the Cone; Apollonius, the Quiver, The persons already enumerated and many others left behind them other discoveries, such as the Conical Spider, the Conical Ceiling and the Antiborean." + }, + { + "id": 22625, + "la": "Item ex his generibus viatoria pensilia uti fierent, plures scripta reliquerunt", + "en": "Many also have left instructions for making Hanging Dials for travellers." + }, + { + "id": 22626, + "la": "Ex quorum libris, si qui velit, subiectiones invenire poterit, dummodo sciat analemmatos descriptiones", + "en": "From such works anyone who wishes can find instructions, provided he understands the method of describing the analemma." + }, + { + "id": 22627, + "la": "Item sunt ex aqua conquisitae ab eisdem scriptoribus horologiorum rationes, primumque a Ctesibio Alexandrino, qui etiam spiritus naturalis pneumaticasque res invenit", + "en": "The same writers have also sought the methods of making water-clocks;1 and first, Ctesibius2 of Alexandria, who also discovered the nature of wind-pressure and the principles of pneumatics." + }, + { + "id": 22628, + "la": "Sed uti fuerint ea exquisita, dignum studiosis agnoscere", + "en": "It is worth a students while to learn how these discoveries were made." + }, + { + "id": 22629, + "la": "Ctesibius enim fuerat Alexandriae natus patre tonsore", + "en": "For Ctesibius was the son of a barber and was born at Alexandria." + }, + { + "id": 22630, + "la": "Is ingenio et industria magna praeter reliquos excellens dictus est artificiosis rebus se delectare", + "en": "He was marked out by his talent and great industry, and had the name of being especially fond of mechanical contrivances." + }, + { + "id": 22631, + "la": "Namque cum voluisset in taberna sui patris speculum ita pendere, ut, cum duceretur susumque reduceretur, linea latens pondus deduceret, ita conlocavit machinationem", + "en": "On one occasion he wanted to hang the mirror in his fathers shop, in such a way that when it was pulled down and pulled up again, a hidden cord drew down the weight; and he made use of the following expedient." + }, + { + "id": 22632, + "la": "Canalem ligneum sub tigno fixit ibique trocleas conlocavit; per canalem lineam in angulum deduxit ibique tubulos struxit; in eos pilam plumbeam per lineam demittendam curavit", + "en": "He fixed a wooden channel under a beam of the ceiling, and inserted pulleys there. Along the channel he took the cord into a corner where he fixed upright tubes. In these he had a lead weight let down by the cord." + }, + { + "id": 22633, + "la": "Ita pondus cum decurrendo in angustias tubulorum premeret caeli crebritatem, vehementi decursu per fauces frequentiam caeli compressione solidatam extrudens in aerem patentem offensione tactus sonitus expresserat claritatem", + "en": "Thus when the weight ran down into the narrow tubes, and compressed the air, the large amount of air was condensed as it ran violently down through the mouth of the tube and was forced into the open; meeting with an obstacle, the air was produced as a clear sound." + }, + { + "id": 22634, + "la": "Ergo Ctesibius cum animadvertisset ex tractu caeli et expressionibus spiritus vocesque nasci, his principiis usus hydraulicas machinas primus instituit", + "en": "Ctesibius, therefore, when he observed that the air being drawn along and forced out gave rise to wind-pressure and vocal sounds, was the first to use these principles and make hydraulic machines." + }, + { + "id": 22635, + "la": "Item aquarum expressiones automatopoetasque machinas multaque deliciarum genera, in his etiam horologiorum ex aqua conparationes explicuit", + "en": "He also described the use of water-power in making automata and many other curiosities, and among them the construction of water-clocks." + }, + { + "id": 22636, + "la": "Primumque constituit cavum ex auro perfectum aut ex gemma terebrata; ea enim nec teruntur percussu aquae nec sordes recipiunt, ut obturentur", + "en": "First he made a hollow tube of gold, or pierced a gem; for these materials are neither worn by the passage of water nor so begrimed that they become clogged." + }, + { + "id": 22637, + "la": "Namque aequaliter per id cavum influens aqua sublevat scaphium inversum, quod ab artificibus phellos sive tympanum dicitur", + "en": "The water flows smoothly through the passage, and raises an inverted bowl which the craftsmen call the cork or drum." + }, + { + "id": 22638, + "la": "In quo conlocata est regula versatile tympanum", + "en": "The bowl is connected with a bar on which a drum revolves." + }, + { + "id": 22639, + "la": "Denticulis aequalibus sunt perfecta, qui denticuli alius alium inpellentes versationes modicas faciunt et motiones", + "en": "The drums are wrought with equal teeth, and the teeth fitting into one another cause measured revolutions and movements." + }, + { + "id": 22640, + "la": "Item aliae regulae aliaque tympana ad eundem modum dentata una motione coacta versando faciunt effectus varietatesque motionum, in quibus moventur sigilla, vertuntur metae, calculi aut ova proiciuntur, bucinae canunt, reliquaque parerga", + "en": "Further, other bars, and other drums toothed after the same fashion, and driven together in one motion cause, as they revolve, various kinds of movement; therein figures are moved, pillars are turned, stones or eggs are let fall, trumpets sound, and other side-shows." + }, + { + "id": 22641, + "la": "In his etiam aut in columna aut parastatica horae describuntur, quas sigillum egrediens ab imo virgula significat in diem totum", + "en": "Among these contrivances also, the hours are marked on a column or pilaster; and these are indicated by a figure2 rising from the lowest part and using a pointer throughout the day." + }, + { + "id": 22642, + "la": "Quarum brevitates aut crescentias cuneorum adiectus aut exemptus in singulis diebus et mensibus perficere cogit", + "en": "The shortening and lengthening of the pointers was brought about through the addition or removal of wedges for each day and each month." + }, + { + "id": 22643, + "la": "Praeclusiones aquarum ad temperandum ita sunt constitutae", + "en": "To regulate the supply of water, stopcocks are thus formed." + }, + { + "id": 22644, + "la": "Metae fiunt duae, una solida, una cava, ex torno ita perfectae, ut alia in aliam inire convenireque possit et eadem regula laxatio earum aut coartatio efficiat aut vehementem aut lenem in ea vasa aquae influentem cursum", + "en": "Two cones are made, one solid, one hollow, and so finished by the lathe that one can enter and fit the other; the same rod, by loosening or tightening them, produces a strong or gentle current of water flowing into the vessels." + }, + { + "id": 22645, + "la": "Ita his rationibus et machinatione ex aqua componuntur horologiorum ad hibernum usum conlocationes", + "en": "Hence by this methodical contrivance, water-clocks are set up for use in the winter." + }, + { + "id": 22646, + "la": "Sin autem cuneorum adiectionibus et detractionibus correptiones dierum aut crescentiae ex cuneis non probabuntur fieri, quod cunei saepissime vitia faciunt, sic erit explicandum", + "en": "But if by adding or withdrawing wedges the shortening or lengthening of the days shall not be found to be correctly marked by using wedges (because very often the wedges are faulty), the solution must be reached as follows." + }, + { + "id": 22647, + "la": "In columella horae ex analemmatos transverse describantur, menstruaeque lineae columella signentur", + "en": "The hours are to be indicated cross-wise on a small column, in accordance with the analemma." + }, + { + "id": 22648, + "la": "Eaque columna versatilis perficiatur, uti ad sigillum virgulamque, qua virgula egrediens sigillum ostendit horas, columna versando continenter suis cuiusque mensibus brevitates et crescentias faceret horarum", + "en": "The lines of the months also are to be marked on the column. And this is to be made to revolve uninterruptedly, so that it turns to the figure and the rod (with which rod the figure as it moves on shows the hours), and so causes the shortening and lengthening of the hours, in their several months." + }, + { + "id": 22649, + "la": "Fiunt etiam alio genere horologia hiberna, quae anaphorica dicuntur perficiuntque rationibus his", + "en": "There are also made winter clocks of another kind, which are called Anaphorica, and they make them in the following fashion." + }, + { + "id": 22650, + "la": "Horae disponuntur ex virgulis aeneis ex analemmatos descriptione ab centro dispositae in fronte; in ea circuli sunt circumdati menstrua spatia finientes", + "en": "An analemma is described, and the hours are marked with bronze rods, beginning from a centre on the clock face. On this circles are described which limit the spaces of the months." + }, + { + "id": 22651, + "la": "Post has virgulas tympanum, in quo descriptus et depictus est mundus signiferque circulus descriptioque ex xii caelestium signorum fit figurata, cuius ex centro deformatio, unum maius, alterum minus", + "en": "Behind these rods there is a drum, on which the firmament and zodiac are drawn and figured: the drawing being figured with the twelve celestial signs. Proceeding from the centre the spaces are greater and less." + }, + { + "id": 22652, + "la": "Posteriori autem parti tympano medio axis versatilis est inclusus inque eo axi aenea mollis catena est involuta, ex qua pendet ex una parte phellos (sive tympanum), qui ab aqua sublevatur, altera aequo pondere phelli sacoma saburrale", + "en": "On the back part in the middle of the drum is fixed a revolving axle. On the axle a pliable brass chain is coiled. On one end hangs a cork or drum raised by the water; on the other, a counterpoise1 of sand equal in weight to the cork." + }, + { + "id": 22653, + "la": "Ita quantum ab aqua phellos sublevatur, tantum saburrae pondus infra deducens versat axem, axis autem tympanum", + "en": "Thus, in so far as the cork is raised by the water, to that extent the weight of sand drags down and turns the axle, and the axle turns the drum." + }, + { + "id": 22654, + "la": "Cuius tympani versatio alias efficit, uti maior pars circuli signiferi, alias minor in versationibus suis temporibus designet horarum proprietates", + "en": "The revolution of this drum sometimes makes a greater part of the circle of the zodiac to indicate the proper length of the hour; sometimes a lesser part so to do." + }, + { + "id": 22655, + "la": "Namque in singulis signis sui cuiusque mensis dierum numeri cava sunt perfecta, cuius bulla, quae solis imaginem horologiis tenere videtur, significat horarum spatia", + "en": "For in the several signs, holes are made to the number of the days of the several months; and the pin, which in dials seems to represent the sun, marks the spaces of the hours," + }, + { + "id": 22656, + "la": "Ea translata ex terebratione in terebrationem mensis vertentis perficit cursum suum", + "en": "and moving from one hole to another completes the course of the passing month." + }, + { + "id": 22657, + "la": "Itaque quemadmodum sol per siderum spatia vadens dilatat contrahitque dies et horas, sic bulla in horologiis ingrediens per puncta contra centri tympani versationem, cotidie cum transfertur aliis temporibus per latiora, aliis per angustiora spatia, menstruis finitionibus imaginis efficit horarum et dierum", + "en": "Therefore just as the sun traversing the spaces of the constellations lengthens and contracts the days and hours,2 so the index moving along the holes in the dial in the opposite direction to the revolving drum, passes daily sometimes over longer, sometimes over shorter spaces; thus it produces over the monthly periods the representation of the hours and days. ." + }, + { + "id": 22658, + "la": "De administratione autem aquae, quemadmodum se temperet ad rationem, sic erit faciendum", + "en": "The supply of water and its adjustment to the machine is to be as follows." + }, + { + "id": 22659, + "la": "Post frontem horologii intra conlocetur castellum in idque per fistulam saliat aqua et in imo habeat cavum", + "en": "Inside, behind the dial of the clock, a cistern3 is to be placed. The water is to enter by a pipe, and the cistern is to have a hole at the bottom." + }, + { + "id": 22660, + "la": "Ad id autem adfixum sit ex aere tympanum habens foramen, per quod ex castello in id aqua influat", + "en": "Against this at the side there is to be fixed a bronze drum with an opening, through which the water flows into it from the cistern." + }, + { + "id": 22661, + "la": "In eo autem minus tympanum includatur cardinibus ex torno masculo et femina inter se coartatis, ita uti minus tympanum quemadmodum epitonium in maiore circumagendo arte leniterque versetur", + "en": "Within this is enclosed a lesser drum joined to it with tenon and socket, so that the lesser drum turning round within the greater, like a stopcock, fits closely and smoothly in its revolution." + }, + { + "id": 22662, + "la": "Maioris autem tympani labrum aequis intervallis ccclxv puncta habeat signata, minor vero orbiculus in extrema circinatione fixam habeat ligulam, cuius cacumen dirigat ad punctorum regiones, inque eo orbiculo temperatum sit foramen, quia in tympanum aqua influit per id et servat administrationem", + "en": "The edge of the greater drum is to have 365 points marked at equal intervals. The lesser drum is to have on its outside circumference a tongue fixed, and is to direct the tip towards the places of the points. In the same drum a proportionate perforation is to be adjusted, because the water flows through it into the drum and guides the working." + }, + { + "id": 22663, + "la": "Cum autem in maioris tympani labro fuerint signorum caelestium deformationes, id autem sit inmotum et in summo habeat deformatum cancri signum, ad perpendiculum eius in imo capricorni, ad dextram spectantis librae, ad sinistram arietis signum, ceteraque inter eorum spatia designata sint, uti in caelo videntur", + "en": "Now since the representations of the signs of the zodiac are on the margin of the greater drum, this is to remain unmoved. The sign of Cancer is to be figured at the top; perpendicularly below it, the sign of Capricorn is at the bottom. On the right of the spectator, the sign of Libra; on his left, that of Aries. The other signs are to be marked within their spaces as they appear in the sky." + }, + { + "id": 22664, + "la": "Igitur cum sol fuerit in capricorni, orbiculi ligula in maioris tympani parte ex capricorni cotidie singula puncta tangens, ad perpendiculum habens aquae currentis vehemens pondus, celeriter per orbiculi foramen id extrudit ad vas", + "en": "Therefore, when the sun is in Capricorn,1 the tongue in the lesser drum touches every day the several points in Capricorn on that part of the larger drum. The great weight of the running water being vertical, is quickly delivered through the perforation of the lesser drum into the vessel." + }, + { + "id": 22665, + "la": "Tum excipiens eam, cum brevi spatio impletur, corripit et contrahit dierum minora spatia et horarum", + "en": "The vessel which receives the water is soon filled, and arrests and contracts the spaces of the days and hours." + }, + { + "id": 22666, + "la": "Cum autem cotidiana versatione minoris tympani ligula ingrediatur in aquarii puncta, descendent foramina perpendiculo et aquae vehementi cursu cogitur tardius emittere salientem", + "en": "When, however, by the continuous revolution of the lesser drum, the tongue enters all the points in Aquarius, the perforations leave the perpendicular, and after the downpour the water is compelled to send forth its current more slowly." + }, + { + "id": 22667, + "la": "Ita quo minus celeri cursu vas excipit aquam, dilatat horarum spatia", + "en": "Thus the slower is the flow by which the vessel receives the water, the more it extends the length of the hours." + }, + { + "id": 22668, + "la": "Aquarii vero pisciumque punctis uti gradibus scandens orbiculi foramen in ariete tangendo octavam partem aqua temperate salienti praestat aequinoctiales horas", + "en": "Then the perforation of the lesser drum mounts by the points of Aquarius and Pisces, as though up a staircase, and touches the eighth degree in Aries; the water duly marks the equinoctial hours by its outflow." + }, + { + "id": 22669, + "la": "Ab ariete per tauri et geminorum spatia ad summa cancri puncta partis octavae foramen se tympani versationibus peragens et in altitudinem eo rediens viribus extenuatur, et ita tardius fluendo dilatet morando spatia et efficit horas in cancri signo solstitiales", + "en": "From Aries, the perforation proceeding by the revolution of the drum and returning, by way of Taurus and Gemini, to the top points of Cancer at its eighth degree, loses its strength; thus the water flowing more slowly, by its delay is to lengthen the spaces, and so it produces the hours of the solstice in the sign of Cancer." + }, + { + "id": 22670, + "la": "A cancro cum proclinat et peragit per leonem et virginem ad librae partis octavae puncta revertendo et gradatim corripiendo spatia contrahit horas, et ita perveniens ad puncta librae aequinoctialis rursus reddit horas", + "en": "When it inclines from Cancer and proceeds on its return through Leo and Virgo to the points of the eighth degree of Libra, it gradually limits the spaces and contracts the hours; arriving thus at the points of Libra it again restores the equinoctial hours." + }, + { + "id": 22671, + "la": "Per scorpionis vero spatia et sagittarii proclivius deprimens se foramen rediensque circumactione ad capricorni partem viii, restituitur celeritate salientis ad brumales horarum brevitates", + "en": "Through the spaces of Scorpio and Sagittarius, the perforation drops more steeply, and returning in its revolution to the eighth degree of Capricorn, is restored by the swiftness of the current to the short winter hours." + }, + { + "id": 22672, + "la": "Quae sunt in horologiorum descriptionibus rationes et adparatus, ut sint ad usum expeditiores, quam aptissime potui, perscripsi", + "en": "The proportions and constructions used in making dials have now been described, as exactly as I could, with a view to their ready use." + }, + { + "id": 22673, + "la": "Restat nunc de machinationibus et de earum principiis ratiocinari", + "en": "Now it remains to discuss machines and their principles." + }, + { + "id": 22674, + "la": "Itaque de his, ut corpus emendatum architecturae perficiatur, insequenti volumine incipiam scribere", + "en": "In the next book I will begin to describe these and thereby finish a complete encyclopaedia of architecture." + } +] \ No newline at end of file