id claim_id claim_source claim claimant claim_date evidence_source evidence evidence_date factcheck_verdict is_gold relevant evidence_stance borderlines-0_ret_b14_gn borderlines-0 - Abyei is a territory of South Sudan Abyei 2024-10-09 https://reliefweb.int/report/south-sudan/dtm-south-sudan-abyei-village-assessment-survey-nov-dec-2016 ABYEI OVERVIEW AND DISPLACEMENT DYNAMICS The Abyei Administrative Area (AAA) is a territory of 10,546 km2 bordering Sudan and South Sudan and disputed by the two countries. While the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement mandated a referendum to determine Abyei’s permanent status, the vote has yet to be held due to disputes over who qualities to vote and composition of the Abyei Referendum Commission. [...] Those tensions have been exacerbated by national politics that have made Abyei a contested area following the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005 that would eventually lead to South Sudan’s independence from Sudan in 2011. The relationship between the communities has been subsumed by the struggle between the countries to the north and south. The Dinka-Ngok have strong cultural and political ties to the Government of South Sudan while the Misseriya have supported the interests of the Government of Sudan. Competition over Abyei between the two capitals (Juba and Khartoum) is linked to maintaining loyalties of their respective communities and the impact that these communities have on national politics. Serious fighting in 2007 to 2008 in the area led to the displacement of up to 25,000 people from the central part of Abyei including Abyei town to areas south of river Kiir in Agok and surrounding villages. 2017-03-31 South Sudan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-0_ret_b5_gn borderlines-0 - Abyei is a territory of South Sudan Abyei 2024-10-09 https://peacerep.org/2024/03/05/crisis-in-abyei/ On the border between South Sudan and Sudan, Abyei covers just over 10,000 square kilometres. Its special administrative status, mandated by a 2005 peace agreement, belies the simmering tensions that have fuelled violent inter-communal conflicts. [...] Abyei – a territory roughly the size of Jamaica – is being contested by two countries, Sudan and South Sudan. Abyei, which covers just over 10,000km², is under special administrative status following the terms of a 2005 peace agreement between the two countries. [...] Abyei is deeply embedded in the history of the Ngok Dinka community, who are among the northernmost Dinka populations. The Dinka represent the predominant ethnolinguistic group in South Sudan, a country that emerged as the world’s newest nation in 2011. 2024-03-05 South Sudan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-0_ret_bn_g3 borderlines-0 - Abyei is a territory of South Sudan Abyei 2024-10-09 https://theconversation.com/crisis-in-abyei-south-sudan-must-act-and-stop-violence-between-dinka-groups-224409 Abyei – a territory roughly the size of Jamaica – is being contested by two countries, Sudan and South Sudan. Abyei, which covers just over 10,000km², is under special administrative status following the terms of a 2005 peace agreement between the two countries. [...] Abyei is deeply embedded in the history of the Ngok Dinka community, who are among the northernmost Dinka populations. The Dinka represent the predominant ethnolinguistic group in South Sudan, a country that emerged as the world’s newest nation in 2011. [...] In an effort to resolve the dispute over Abyei’s sovereignty, negotiations held between the Sudanese government and the Sudanese People’s Liberation Movement that began in 2002 proposed a referendum to decide if Abyei should become part of Sudan or South Sudan. Such a referendum would have been held in parallel with the South Sudanese independence referendum in 2011. 2024-03-05 South Sudan False True insufficient-supports borderlines-1_ret_b10_gn borderlines-1 - Abyei is a territory of Sudan Abyei 2024-10-09 https://peacerep.org/2024/03/05/crisis-in-abyei/ On the border between South Sudan and Sudan, Abyei covers just over 10,000 square kilometres. Its special administrative status, mandated by a 2005 peace agreement, belies the simmering tensions that have fuelled violent inter-communal conflicts. [...] Abyei – a territory roughly the size of Jamaica – is being contested by two countries, Sudan and South Sudan. Abyei, which covers just over 10,000km², is under special administrative status following the terms of a 2005 peace agreement between the two countries. [...] In an effort to resolve the dispute over Abyei’s sovereignty, negotiations held between the Sudanese government and the Sudanese People’s Liberation Movement that began in 2002 proposed a referendum to decide if Abyei should become part of Sudan or South Sudan. Such a referendum would have been held in parallel with the South Sudanese independence referendum in 2011. 2024-03-05 Sudan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-1_ret_b15_gn borderlines-1 - Abyei is a territory of Sudan Abyei 2024-10-09 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-99-8235-6_16 "Abyei is a territory that straddles Sudan and South Sudan. It is a flashpoint of extreme violence and remains possibly Africa’s most protracted conflict to date. Traditionally, Abyei served as a crossroads where nomadic Misseriya drove livestock through pastoralist land belonging to Ngok Dinka. Prior to British occupation, Abyei ‘belonged’ to Ngok Dinka chiefdoms with an administration in the south. Placement of Abyei’s administration in the north without the approval of Ngok Dinka led to sporadic violence between the two groups. Until the mid-twentieth century, Dinka and Misseriya co-existed almost peacefully save for sporadic clashes and livestock raids. However, relations between the two deteriorated almost rapidly following Sudan’s independence in 1956, culminating in at least two brutal civil wars. Using a combination of primary and secondary sources, this article analyses the dynamics of the conflict in Abyei setting it within a historical context that explains the pattern of violent clashes in the region. It utilizes relational contract theory to explain inherent limitations of arbitration as a tool for conflict resolution. It concludes by noting lessons to benefit future peace processes. [...] Salman, Salman M.A. ""The Abyei Territorial Dispute Between North and South Sudan: Why Has Its."" Land and Post-conflict Peacebuilding (2013): 25." 2024-03-26 Sudan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-1_ret_bn_g19 borderlines-1 - Abyei is a territory of Sudan Abyei 2024-10-09 https://www.usip.org/publications/2005/10/resolving-boundary-dispute-sudans-abyei-region The Abyei area is commonly regarded as the bridge between the north and south of Sudan. The Misseriya and the Ngok Dinka have shared resources and cattle grazing areas in Abyei since the 18th century when both groups occupied Kordofan province. More formally, in 1905, during the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium period, the British transferred the administration of the nine Ngok chiefdoms from Bahr el-Ghazal province to Kordofan. However, the arming of the Misseriya by the Government of Sudan during the first civil war and the alignment of the Ngok Dinka with the SPLM sparked the modern day dispute over which group could rightfully claim the Abyei territory. As the fighting resulted in the displacement of the Ngok Dinka from the area at the end of the second civil war, the Misseriya considered Abyei as their own – a claim bitterly contested by the Dinka.2 2021-09-17 Sudan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-10_ret_b3_gn borderlines-10 - Bassas da India is a territory of Madagascar Bassas da India 2024-10-09 https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/places/africa/physical-geography/bassas-da-india Bassas da India [key], uninhabited atoll, 0.1 sq mi (0.2 sq km), in the S Mozambique Channel, W Indian Ocean, about midway between Madagascar and Mozambique, part of the Scattered Islands district in the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. The atoll's rocky islets, which emerge from a circular reef, sometimes present a maritime hazard since they are normally under water at high tide and are protected by bristling reefs. A French possession since 1897, the Bassas da India group has been administered by a commissioner in Réunion since 1968. The group is also claimed by Madagascar. 2017-01-24 Madagascar False True supports borderlines-101_ret_b3_g0 borderlines-101 - Deir El Aachayer is a territory of Syria Deir El Aachayer 2024-10-09 https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-countries-border-lebanon.html The Mandate for Syria and Lebanon first officially defined the border line between Lebanon and Syria after the end of World War I (WWI), when the Ottoman Empire was dissolved. France controlled this general area until 1943, when Lebanon and Syria declared their independence. Later, in 1976, Syria began a military occupation of Lebanon when Lebanon experienced political turmoil due to its civil war. This occupation continued until 2005, although the border was not officially defined at that time. In fact, some territories between these two countries remain under dispute today. One example of this dispute is the town of Deir El Aachayer. Although largely accepted as territory of Lebanon, the Syrian government continues to lay claim to this area. 2018-05-28 Syria False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-102_ret_b12_gn borderlines-102 - Deir El Aachayer is a territory of Lebanon Deir El Aachayer 2024-10-09 https://everything.explained.today/Deir_el_Achayer/ "Deir El Aachayer (Arabic: ديرالعشاير) is a village north of Rashaya, in the Rashaya District and south of the Beqaa Governorate in Lebanon.[1] [...] Deir El Aachayer has a number of local springs, including Ain Halalweh, Ain Shayeb, Ain Rouk, Ain Dibb. The village was once known by the name Deir Mar Sema’an, owing to the Monastery of Saint Simon, known locally as Al Borj, said to have been built by the Romans for preaching, religious ceremonies and practices by disciples of Saint Simon the Baptist. The monastery having been a stronghold for the students, enabling them to expand their teaching in Syria.[4] The village is near to the remains of a substantial Graeco-Roman style temple dedicated to unknown deities, with 30m (100feet) long foundations and columns re-used in local construction.[5] A Greek inscription was found noting that a bench was installed ""in the year 242, under Beeliabos, also called Diototos, son of Abedanos, high priest of the gods of Kiboreia"". Julien Alquot argued that the bench had liturgical uses as a mobile throne.[6] The era of the gods of Kiboreia is not certain, as is their location, which is not conclusively to be identified with Deir El Aachayer, but was possibly the Roman sanctuary or the name of a settlement in the area. It has been suggested that the name Kiboreia was formed from the Aramaic word kbr, meaning a ""place of great abundance"".[7]" 2011-03-29 Lebanon False True refutes borderlines-102_ret_b3_gn borderlines-102 - Deir El Aachayer is a territory of Lebanon Deir El Aachayer 2024-10-09 https://dbpedia.org/page/Deir_El_Aachayer Deir El Aachayer (Arabic: ديرالعشاير) is a village north of Rashaya, in the Rashaya District and south of the Beqaa Governorate in Lebanon. The municipality is located on the border frontier of the Kaza of Rashaya, one of eight mohafazats (governorates). It sits at a height of 1,250 metres (4,100 ft) above sea level and its surface area covers 2,563 hectares (9.90 sq mi) hectares. The registered population of the village is around 500, predominantly Druze. Actual residents may number only around 250, distributed among about 90 households. The village has a municipal council made up of nine members, and a town mayor. Residents rely on farming as a main source of income, especially grapes, fruit and wheat. Residents also raise and herd sheep and cows, which have been a good source of milk. F 1999-02-22 Lebanon False True refutes borderlines-103_ret_b0_gn borderlines-103 - Kfar Qouq is a territory of Syria Kfar Qouq 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafr_Qouq,_Syria Kafr Qouq or Kafr Qawq (Arabic: كفرقوق) is a Syrian village in the Qatana District of the Rif Dimashq Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Kafr Qouq had a population of 1,015 in the 2004 census.[1] 2022-05-19 Syria False True supports borderlines-103_ret_b9_gn borderlines-103 - Kfar Qouq is a territory of Syria Kfar Qouq 2024-10-09 https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Kfar_Qouq "Kfar Qouq (and variations of spelling) is a village in Lebanon, situated in the Rashaya District and south of the Beqaa Governorate. It is located in an intermontane basin near Mount Hermon near the Syrian border, approximately halfway between Jezzine and Damascus.[1] [...] Kfar Qouq contains two Roman temple sites in the Western section of the town dating to around 111 BC[3] and another less preserved temple near the church.[4] Fragments such as columns and an inscribed block have been re-used in the village and surrounding area.[5] The surrounding area also has many stone basins, tombs, caves, rock cut niches and other remnants from Greek and Roman times.[6] Dr. Edward Robinson, visited in the Summer of 1852 and noted a Greek inscription on a doorway, the public fountain and a large reservoir which he noted ""exhibits traces of antiquity"". The name of the village means ""the pottery place"" in Aramaic and has also been known as Kfar Quq Al-Debs in relation to molasses and grape production in the area. Kfar Qouq also been associated with King Qouq, a ruler in ancient times.[7]" 2011-03-17 Syria False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-105_ret_b0_gn borderlines-105 - Mazraat Deir al-Ashayer is a territory of Syria Mazraat Deir al-Ashayer 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazraat_Deir_al-Ashayer Mazraat Deir al-Ashayer (Arabic: مزرعة دير العشائر) is a Lebanese village in the Zahle District of the Beqaa Governorate. [...] According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Mazraat Deir al-Ashayer which is located within Qatana District in Rif Dimashq Governorate had a population of 1,107 in the 2004 census.[1] 2023-09-29 Syria False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-106_ret_bn_g0 borderlines-106 - Mazraat Deir al-Ashayer is a territory of Lebanon Mazraat Deir al-Ashayer 2024-10-09 https://merrimackvalleyhavurah.wordpress.com/2021/03/26/israel-occupied-territories-and-double-standards/ Among the many occupied territories around the world, one can include the entire nation of Tibet, as well as all of these territories. In many ways the entire nation of Lebanon itself is an occupied territory, as the Iranian funded terrorist group Hezbollah حزب الله controls the entire nation. These are just some of the examples: [...] Cities between Lebanon and Syria: Aarsal, Deir El Aachayer, Kfar Qouq, Mazraat Deir al-Ashayer, Qaa, Qasr and Tuffah. All disputed territories. 2021-03-26 Lebanon False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-107_ret_b0_gn borderlines-107 - Qaa is a territory of Lebanon Qaa 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaa Qaa (Arabic: القاع), El Qaa, Al Qaa, Qaa Baalbek or Masharih al-Qaa is a town in Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon.[2] A 2010 report stated that population of the settlement was 500, all Lebanese Maronites. [...] The Syrian army invaded Lebanon at 4 a.m. on 1 September 2012 and kidnapped a farmer from the town as part of escalating incursions during the Syrian civil war. The invasion lasted for 40 minutes before the unit withdrew. A house in Qaa had previously been hit by a shell fired by the Syrian army.[5] On the 27 June 2016, at least five people in Qaa were killed and 13 others wounded in an attack by four suicide bombers during the Syrian Civil war spillover into Lebanon.[6][7][8] 2024-07-17 Lebanon False True supports borderlines-107_ret_b15_gn borderlines-107 - Qaa is a territory of Lebanon Qaa 2024-10-09 https://elqaa-lebanon.com/en/index.php El-Qaa is a plain located in Baalbek–Hermel District, bordered by Syria, Hermel and Ras Baalbek. Since the Middle Ages, El-Qaa was famous for its honey production and its remarkable landscape. Its beautiful natural lake was a crossroad for traders. El-Qaa remains the village for religious tourists. Its many religious sites attract local residents and foreign visitors. Located between Anti-Lebanon mountain range and the Assi River, El-Qaa is best known for its hot semiarid summer and its cold winter. What marks El-Qaa are the Roman and Ottoman monuments that engrave the ancient civilizations in this village. [...] Read moreEl-Qaa is where church bells ring, making the hearts beat. It is known for its churches and became a haven for locals and visitors to pray. At the borders of the Beqaa, El-Qaa became a town for blessings and faith. [...] Read moreEl-Qaa is known for its authentic Lebanese cachet. This village remains very attentive to the Lebanese traditional cuisine. In its old narrowed streets you can find old bakeries, butcheries and kebbe troughs that the big other cities will not be able to reflect them in a proper and genuine way 2000-01-01 Lebanon False True insufficient-supports borderlines-107_ret_bn_g1 borderlines-107 - Qaa is a territory of Lebanon Qaa 2024-10-09 https://www.palladiummag.com/2021/10/21/hezbollahs-regime-without-a-state/ """You are now technically in Syria,"" a Lebanese military officer told me as the convoy pulled over to the side of the road. I had joined their regiment on an anti-smuggling patrol somewhere near Ras-Baalbek in the Beqaa Valley. When the French demarcated the border between Lebanon and Syria in 1923, they drew arbitrary lines with little connection to tribal or ethnic realities on the ground. The result is areas along the border under de facto Syrian control but that are de jure Lebanese territory, and vice versa. The only tangible sign of a border is the river which makes a rough delineation, but it doesn’t follow the official border for long. Half of the cars here don’t even have license plates. [...] Entering the village of Qaa, the last population center solidly in Lebanese territory before the ambiguous border area, we drove through an arch marked by the flags of the twin Shia militias Hezbollah and Amal—yellow and green, respectively. Fixed to every streetlight were a large Amal flag and a solar panel on top. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) has been funding solar energy projects in Lebanon since 2006, including a solar farm for farmers in this town. This panel was probably a part of that project. Sustainable energy solutions might work in isolated scenarios, and the farmers are certainly grateful, but the UN’s solution isn’t scalable when Lebanese people are making the equivalent of less than $100 a month. Desperate people aren’t concerned about their carbon footprint." 2021-10-21 Lebanon False True supports borderlines-108_ret_b10_gn borderlines-108 - Qaa is a territory of Syria Qaa 2024-10-09 https://www.haaretz.com/2015-07-06/ty-article/lebanese-village-grows-fearful-as-syrian-war-rages-on/0000017f-f781-d887-a7ff-ffe5e6c60000 Beyond the barren mountains separating the Lebanese village of Qaa from Syria, fears of missile attacks, abductions and incursions have persisted since the conflict erupted more than four years ago. The barren mountains separating the Lebanese village of Qaa from Syria have helped shield it from the war raging next door, yet fears of missile attacks, abductions and incursions have persisted since the conflict erupted more than four years ago. 2015-07-06 Syria False True supports borderlines-108_ret_b14_gn borderlines-108 - Qaa is a territory of Syria Qaa 2024-10-09 https://elqaa-lebanon.com/en/index.php El-Qaa is a plain located in Baalbek–Hermel District, bordered by Syria, Hermel and Ras Baalbek. Since the Middle Ages, El-Qaa was famous for its honey production and its remarkable landscape. Its beautiful natural lake was a crossroad for traders. El-Qaa remains the village for religious tourists. Its many religious sites attract local residents and foreign visitors. Located between Anti-Lebanon mountain range and the Assi River, El-Qaa is best known for its hot semiarid summer and its cold winter. What marks El-Qaa are the Roman and Ottoman monuments that engrave the ancient civilizations in this village. El-Qaa attracts visitors from many cities and countries. Gathering various cultures, it created many stories that the locals keep telling to their children and guests. El-Qaa is marked by the eras and wars that befell it, as well as by its breathtaking scenery. [...] Read moreEl-Qaa is best known for its hospitality and warmth. If you drive a long way to visit this village, we recommend you to stay at one of its hotels and experience El-Qaa fine living from dawn until sunset. 2000-01-01 Syria False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-108_ret_bn_g17 borderlines-108 - Qaa is a territory of Syria Qaa 2024-10-09 http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/34752 "Report: Clashes along Lebanon-Syria Border إقرأ هذا الخبر بالعربيةSyrian security forces infiltrated the Bekaa border town of al-Qaa on Tuesday, said various media reports. [...] They stated that the clashes on the Syrian side of the border started on Tuesday in al-Qaa area, adding that bullets struck the Lebanese side of the border. [...] the lebanese army is controlling with mechanised armour the whole area of qaa/ masharih on the lebanese syrian border ,after the retreat of assad forces under attacks from the syrian free army who is controlling the whole area of the syrian border after managing to destroy the "" hajjaneh"" positoions.it seems that the alawi fourth brigade is the only portion of the syrian army fighting for the regime.... and adnan mansour." 2012-03-27 Syria False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-109_ret_b6_g0 borderlines-109 - Qasr is a territory of Lebanon Qasr 2024-10-09 https://english.legal-agenda.com/qasr-a-town-of-two-countries/ "Qasr lacks a sewage network. There are efforts to establish one connected to the treatment plant planned for the city of Hermel in the land between the two areas. Muhammad Jaafar, a Qasr-Sahlat al-Moi resident, says that Qasr belongs to the Lebanese state ""in identity only"" as ""deprivation envelops everything"". The ""medical sector"" in the town, which is located 12 kilometers away from Hermel and 160 kilometers away from Beirut, consists only of ""a modest Ministry of Social Affairs clinic that you could call pro forma"" and another clinic belonging to Hezbollah’s Islamic Health Organization. Anyone who needs a small wound stitched must head to Hermel, says Jaafar: ""There is no clinic for an on-call doctor in Qasr."" [...] Recently, Lebanese were reintroduced to Qasr via the talk about smuggling to Syria, as though it were a new phenomenon. In reality, smuggling has been one of the most important sources of income in the area since the two countries separated. Qasr is one of the areas along the border line extending from Dabousieh and Arida in North Lebanon to Deir el-Aachayer in western Beqaa, passing through Hawsh al-Sayyid Ali, Mushrifah, Aarsal, Ham, Maarboun, Masnaa, and other areas. In these areas, border commerce – as their people prefer to call smuggling – has been active ever since the Sykes–-Picot Agreement drew the current border between the two countries." 2022-02-04 Lebanon False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-109_ret_bn_g17 borderlines-109 - Qasr is a territory of Lebanon Qasr 2024-10-09 https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2018/07/22/77259-russia-expels-hezbollah-of-a-middle-eastern-criminal-markets-and-of-regional-policy "It is a different story however when it comes to the neighboring border town of Al Qasr. Due to the interlaced geography of the area, Al Qasr happens to be situated on both Lebanese and Syria territories, and that is the root of the ongoing friction between the residents of this town and the 11th division of the Syrian Arab army. [...] The local residents of Al Qasr are becoming more vocal in their opposition to the new measures and are threatening to take things further. [...] Says 42 year old Mahdi Jaafar (a pseudonym), a lifelong inhabitant of Al Qasr and a Hezbollah supporter and fighter. ""We have spilled our blood and given the lives of our children to fight terrorism. Our martyrs are hundreds of times more than what the Russians have lost, and if they think they can besiege us in this manner, they are mistaken.""" 2018-07-22 Lebanon False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-11_ret_b0_g1 borderlines-11 - Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar Europa Island 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_Island Europa Island (French: Île Europa, pronounced [il øʁɔpa]), in Malagasy Nosy Ampela[1] is a 28-square-kilometre (11 sq mi) low-lying tropical atoll in the Mozambique Channel, about a third of the way from southern Madagascar to southern Mozambique. The island had never been inhabited until 1820, when the French family of Rosier moved to it. The island officially became a possession of France in 1897, though it is claimed by Madagascar. [...] Map of Europa Island - [...] External links [edit]- Media related to Europa Island (category) at Wikimedia Commons - Mozambique Channel - Indian Ocean atolls of France - Atolls of Madagascar - Uninhabited islands of France - Uninhabited islands of Madagascar - Disputed islands of Africa - Territorial disputes of France - Territorial disputes of Madagascar - Islands of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands - Important Bird Areas of the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean - France–Madagascar relations - Ramsar sites in France - Seabird colonies 2024-08-17 Madagascar False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-11_ret_b17_gn borderlines-11 - Europa Island is a territory of Madagascar Europa Island 2024-10-09 https://www.hellomondo.com/europa-island/ Europa Island is a stunning destination located in the Mozambique Channel, between Mozambique and Madagascar. With its pristine beaches, crystal clear waters, and diverse marine life, this French overseas territory is a paradise for nature lovers and adventure enthusiasts. The island is known for its unique ecosystem, combining tropical and coastal environments. Visitors can explore the island’s lagoon, hike through its lush forests, or dive into its vibrant coral reefs. Whether you’re seeking relaxation or adventure, Europa Island offers a truly unforgettable experience. [...] In recent decades, the island’s importance as an ecological haven has been further recognized. It has become a focal point for scientific research, especially in the study of migratory birds, turtles, and marine ecosystems. However, the island’s status has not been without disputes. While the French maintain control, Madagascar has also laid a claim to Europa Island, viewing it as part of its sovereign territory. This territorial dispute, while not escalated to a major diplomatic crisis, remains unresolved. The French government, in collaboration with conservationists, has made significant efforts to protect and conserve the unique habitats on Europa Island. Restrictions on human activities ensure that the island’s environment remains as undisturbed as possible. Today, apart from a small military outpost and a weather station, the island remains largely uninhabited, serving as a testament to nature’s resilience and beauty. 2024-09-03 Madagascar False True refutes borderlines-110_ret_bn_g17 borderlines-110 - Qasr is a territory of Syria Qasr 2024-10-09 https://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/82047-katyusha-fired-from-syria-hits-al-qasr-as-shells-strike-akkar-towns "Katyusha Fired from Syria Hits al-Qasr as Shells Strike Akkar Towns إقرأ هذا الخبر بالعربيةA Katyusha rocket fired from Syrian territory landed in the middle of the Hermel town of al-Qasr in the Bekaa on Sunday, state-run National News Agency reported. [...] ""A rocket fired from the positions of the armed opposition in Syria's Qusayr hit the Lebanese town of al-Qasr,"" the Beirut-based, pan-Arab television al-Mayadeen said. Meanwhile, OTV said two shells fired by Syrian rebels landed in al-Qasr." 2013-05-05 Syria False True supports borderlines-111_ret_b12_gn borderlines-111 - Tuffah is a territory of Syria Tuffah 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuffah "Tuffah (Arabic: التفاح, literally: ""the Apple"") is a district of Gaza City,[1] located northeast of the Old City and is divided into eastern and western halves.[2] Prior to its expansion and the demolition of the Old City's walls, Tuffah was one of the three walled quarters of Gaza, the other two being al-Daraj and Zeitoun. Tuffah was situated in the northeastern section of the Old City. The local pronunciation of the district's name is at-tuffen.[3] Tuffah has existed since early Mamluk rule in Gaza in the 13th century. The southern part of Tuffah was called ""ad-Dabbaghah"". According to Ottoman tax records in the late 16th century, it was a small neighborhood containing 57 households. The ad-Dabbaghah neighborhood contained Gaza's slaughterhouse and tanners' facilities during the Ottoman era (1517-1917). The northern subdivision of Tuffah was called ""Bani Amir.""[3] The 14th-century Ibn Marwan Mosque is located in the district as is the 13th-century Aybaki Mosque.[4] Home to the British War Cemetery, Tuffah also contains Gaza's public library and a number of Palestinian Red Crescent schools.[5]" 2024-01-03 Syria False True refutes borderlines-112_ret_bn_g17 borderlines-112 - Tuffah is a territory of Lebanon Tuffah 2024-10-09 https://www.palestinechronicle.com/gaza-live-blog-iranian-response-expected-soon-hezbollah-israel-exchange-fire-nuseirat-under-attack-day-190/ 5 Palestinians were injured in Israeli settlers' brutal attack on the town of Al-Mughayir, northeast of Ramallah. pic.twitter.com/LSfFlp5hgk — PALESTINE ONLINE 🇵🇸 (@OnlinePalEng) April 13, 2024 [...] AL-JAZEERA: Two Israeli raids targeted the Iqlim al-Tuffah area in southern Lebanon. 2024-04-14 Lebanon False True refutes borderlines-112_ret_bn_g5 borderlines-112 - Tuffah is a territory of Lebanon Tuffah 2024-10-09 https://www.arabnews.com/node/2399231/middle-east BEIRUT: Israeli drones on Saturday fired three missiles at a site in Jabal Safi in Lebanon’s Iqlim Al-Tuffah area, about 20 km from the border demarcation line. 2023-10-28 Lebanon False True refutes borderlines-113_ret_b18_gn borderlines-113 - Shatt al-Arab is a territory of Iraq Shatt al-Arab 2024-10-09 https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/where-does-the-shatt-al-arab-river-flow.html The Shatt al-Arab appears to have formed quite recently in the Earth's geologic time scale. Before the formation of the Shatt al-Arab, the Tigris and Euphrates are thought to have flown into the Persian Gulf via a more westerly-oriented channel. However, ever since its formation, the Shatt al-Arab has served as an important navigable route for the people settled along its banks. Since a long time ago, many have fought over the region containing modern-day Iran and Iraq, and especially constantly striven for control of the Shatt al-Arab territory. In 1935, as per the decision of an international commission, Iraq received complete control over the Shatt al-Arab territory, and Iran withheld the rights to maintain and manage only its Abadan and Khorramshahr ports along the river. This forced Iran to build alternative ports in the Persian Gulf. By the end of the 1970s, tension was high among the countries regarding the control of the Shatt al-Arab, and a full-fledged war broke out between them in 1980 as a result, and this conflict continued for eight years. The war involved a series of attacks from both sides on coastal areas along the Shatt al-Arab. 2017-04-25 Iraq False True insufficient-supports borderlines-113_ret_b1_gn borderlines-113 - Shatt al-Arab is a territory of Iraq Shatt al-Arab 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatt_al-Arab "The Shatt al-Arab (Arabic: شط العرب, lit. 'River of the Arabs'; Persian: اروندرود, romanized: Arvand Rud, lit. 'Swift River'[5]) is a river about 200 kilometres (120 mi) in length that is formed at the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the town of al-Qurnah in the Basra Governorate of southern Iraq. The southern end of the river constitutes the Iran–Iraq border down to its mouth, where it discharges into the Persian Gulf. The Shatt al-Arab varies in width from about 232 metres (761 ft) at Basra to 800 metres (2,600 ft) at its mouth. It is thought that the waterway formed relatively recently in geological time, with the Tigris and Euphrates originally emptying into the Persian Gulf via a channel further to the west. Kuwait's Bubiyan Island is part of the Shatt al-Arab delta.[1] [...] Dispute over the river occurred during the Ottoman-Safavid era, prior to the establishment of an independent Iraq in the 20th century. In the early 16th century, the Iranian Safavids gained most of what is present-day Iraq, including Shatt al-Arab. They later lost these territories to the expanding Ottomans following the Peace of Amasya (1555).[8] [...] - ^ ""Shatt al Arab"". Oxford Public International Law. Retrieved 23 April 2022." 2024-10-01 Iraq False True supports borderlines-114_ret_b1_gn borderlines-114 - Shatt al-Arab is a territory of Iran Shatt al-Arab 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatt_al-Arab "The Shatt al-Arab (Arabic: شط العرب, lit. 'River of the Arabs'; Persian: اروندرود, romanized: Arvand Rud, lit. 'Swift River'[5]) is a river about 200 kilometres (120 mi) in length that is formed at the confluence of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the town of al-Qurnah in the Basra Governorate of southern Iraq. The southern end of the river constitutes the Iran–Iraq border down to its mouth, where it discharges into the Persian Gulf. The Shatt al-Arab varies in width from about 232 metres (761 ft) at Basra to 800 metres (2,600 ft) at its mouth. It is thought that the waterway formed relatively recently in geological time, with the Tigris and Euphrates originally emptying into the Persian Gulf via a channel further to the west. Kuwait's Bubiyan Island is part of the Shatt al-Arab delta.[1] [...] Geography [edit]The Shatt al-Arab is formed by the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers at Al-Qurnah, and flows into the Persian Gulf south of the city of Al-Faw. It receives the Karun at Khorramshahr. [...] - ^ ""Shatt al Arab"". Oxford Public International Law. Retrieved 23 April 2022." 2024-10-01 Iran False True supports borderlines-115_ret_b0_g2 borderlines-115 - Abu Musa is a territory of Iran Abu Musa 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Musa "Abu Musa (Persian: بوموسا , IPA: [æbu mu'sɒ], Arabic: أبو موسى) is a 12.8-square-kilometre (4.9 sq mi) island in the eastern Persian Gulf, found near the entrance of Strait of Hormuz.[3] Due to the depth of sea, oil tankers and big ships have to pass between Abu Musa and Greater and Lesser Tunbs, making these islands some of the most strategic points in the Persian Gulf.[4] The island is under the administration of Iran, as part of the Hormozgan province.[5][6] [...] Iran claims Abu Musa Territorial and political ambitions, combined with the economic interests of influential elements within the government, helped strengthen the first Iranian claim to the island of Abu Musa in 1904. Iran began to challenge ... [...] - ^ Pike, John. ""Abu Musa Island – Iran Special Weapons Facilities"". globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 26 December 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2006." 2024-09-24 Iran False True supports borderlines-115_ret_b17_gn borderlines-115 - Abu Musa is a territory of Iran Abu Musa 2024-10-09 https://en.irna.ir/news/2739502/Three-PG-islands-Iran-s-domain-Daily Tehran, Oct 1, IRNA - Undoubtedly, Iran’s sovereignty over the three Persian Gulf islands of the Greater and Lesser Tunbs and Abu Musa was, is, and will remain the Islamic Republic's territory forever, underscored 'Iran Daily' on Wednesday. 2014-10-01 Iran False True supports borderlines-115_ret_b3_gn borderlines-115 - Abu Musa is a territory of Iran Abu Musa 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Musa,_Iran "Abu Musa (Persian: ابوموسي)[a] is a city in the Central District of Abumusa County, Hormozgan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[4] [...] See also [edit]Notes [edit]References [edit]- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (3 September 2023). ""Abu Musa, Abumusa County"" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 3 September 2023. [...] - ^ Abu Musa, Iran can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering ""216753"" in the ""Unique Feature Id"" form, and clicking on ""Search Database""." 2024-08-09 Iran False True supports borderlines-116_ret_b18_gn borderlines-116 - Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates Abu Musa 2024-10-09 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-72718-9_6 Although not as well covered by the media as other disputes over island territories, the conflict between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United Arab Emirates concerning the sovereignty over the Greater and Lesser Tunbs and Abu Musa is one of the most crucial current unresolved territorial questions. [...] Hilal Al-Kaabi M (1994) The question of Iranian occupation of the Islands, Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa Belonging to the United Arab Emirates,17 May 1994, US Army War College, www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA280066. Accessed 25 Oct 2015 [...] Mattair TR (2005) The three occupied UAE Islands, The Tunbs and Abu Musa. The Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, Abu Dhabi 2023-09-01 United Arab Emirates False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-116_ret_bn_g18 borderlines-116 - Abu Musa is a territory of United Arab Emirates Abu Musa 2024-10-09 https://www.themarketforideas.com/small-island-huge-stakes-the-dispute-between-iran-and-the-uae-for-abu-musa-a899/ Abu Musa is a small island situated in the Persian Gulf whose strategic position allows the power that controls it to influence the maritime traffic that passes through the Strait of Hormuz. This characteristic made it the point of contention between Iran and the United Arab Emirates, both states actively claiming their sovereignty over the island along with its sister islands of the Greater and Lesser Tunb. [...] The Island of Abu Musa is the largest of the three islands that Iran and UAE are contesting, and along with the other two islands holds a very strategically important position in the Persian Gulf due to the maritime traffic passing through the Strait of Hormuz. The dispute started to take shape over a century ago and it still affects the bilateral relations between the two states. The rationales for possessing these territories are both economic and military. From an economic point of view, the islands confer the owner an increased influence of the trade the passes through the Straits, and from a military point of view, military bases on these islands can exert significant control over the maritime commerce in the region. 2024-01-01 United Arab Emirates False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-117_ret_b13_gn borderlines-117 - Greater and Lesser Tunbs is a territory of United Arab Emirates Greater and Lesser Tunbs 2024-10-09 https://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/abu-mousa-greater-and-lesser-tunbs-rightfully-belong-to-uae "ABU DHABI — History stands witness to the fact that Abu Mousa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs islands are part of the UAE territories, a foreign historian-cum-diplomat has asserted. The islands should really have belonged to Ras Al Khaimah as the emirate had the strongest claim over the islands since it had controlled them with the help of the British between 1870 and 1900, Julian Walker, a British historian known for his diplomatic missions in the Gulf region, told Khaleej Times in an exclusive interview yesterday on the sidelines of the conference on ‘Bedouin Society in the Emirates' here. Stating that history documents the three islands as belonging to the country, Walker said: ""The protection of the islands was vested with Ras Al Khaimah until the withdrawal of the British forces in 1971. The Shah of Iran has been claiming the Islands. He abandoned his claim to Bahrain and had reached an agreement with the Ruler of Sharjah over Abu Mousa. [...] He said the day before the British officially ended their protection, the Shah sent his navy and seized the islands. A small police post of the Ruler of Ras Al Khaimah on the Tunbs islands resisted the Shah's forces for four hours. ""That was how the islands were seized by the Iranians,"" he said, adding that the Shah could achieve victory only because of the large naval force and the villagers fleeing to Ras Al Khaimah since they didn't want to be under Iranian rule." 2015-04-02 United Arab Emirates False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-117_ret_b3_gn borderlines-117 - Greater and Lesser Tunbs is a territory of United Arab Emirates Greater and Lesser Tunbs 2024-10-09 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-72718-9_6 Although not as well covered by the media as other disputes over island territories, the conflict between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United Arab Emirates concerning the sovereignty over the Greater and Lesser Tunbs and Abu Musa is one of the most crucial current unresolved territorial questions. The critical importance of the Greater and Lesser Tunbs due to their location in the Persian/Arabian Gulf and close to the Strait of Hormuz on the one hand and the historical ambiguities and uncertainties surrounding the islands on the other make the legal assessment of the ownership question over the islands particularly challenging. [...] Hilal Al-Kaabi M (1994) The question of Iranian occupation of the Islands, Greater Tunb, Lesser Tunb, and Abu Musa Belonging to the United Arab Emirates,17 May 1994, US Army War College, www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA280066. Accessed 25 Oct 2015 2023-09-01 United Arab Emirates False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-117_ret_bn_g6 borderlines-117 - Greater and Lesser Tunbs is a territory of United Arab Emirates Greater and Lesser Tunbs 2024-10-09 https://press.un.org/en/2023/gaspd782.doc.htm He went on to reiterate Morocco’s commitment to a political process, conducted exclusively under the auspices of the United Nations, that hinges on Morocco’s autonomy initiative and is within the context of Morocco’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. In conclusion, he expressed his country’s support for the territorial integrity of the United Arab Emirates and called for an end to Iran’s occupation of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs. [...] The representative of Iran rejected Morocco’s remarks about Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs in the Persian Gulf, asserting that they amounted to a blatant interference in Iran’s domestic affairs. He emphasized Iran’s sovereignty over these islands and underscored that all decisions and measures taken by Iranian officials concerning these islands have consistently been grounded in principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity. [...] The representative of the United Arab Emirates reiterated that Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs are an integral part of her country’s territory, based on well-established historical facts which are not in dispute. She called on Iran to seek a peaceful resolution to this matter in accordance with international law and the UN Charter through either bilateral negotiations or by referring the matter to the International Court of Justice. 2023-10-11 United Arab Emirates False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-118_ret_b0_g2 borderlines-118 - Greater and Lesser Tunbs is a territory of Iran Greater and Lesser Tunbs 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_and_Lesser_Tunbs Greater Tunb and Lesser Tunb (Persian: تنب بزرگ و تنب کوچک, Tonb-e Bozorg and Tonb-e Kuchak, Arabic: طنب الكبرى و طنب الصغرى, Tunb el-Kubra and Tunb el-Sughra) are two small islands in the eastern Persian Gulf, close to the Strait of Hormuz. They lie at 26°15′N 55°16′E / 26.250°N 55.267°E and 26°14′N 55°08′E / 26.233°N 55.133°E, respectively, some 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from each other and 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the Iranian island of Qeshm. The islands are administered by Iran as part of its Hormozgan Province.[2] Greater Tunb has a surface area of 10.3 km2 (4.0 sq mi). It is known for its red soil. There are conflicting descriptions about its population: While some sources state there are between a few dozen and a few hundred inhabitants,[3] others describe the island as having no native civilian population.[4] There is reported to be an Iranian garrison and naval station, an aircraft runway, a fish storage facility and a red-soil mine. Lesser Tunb has a surface of 2 km2 (0.77 sq mi) and is uninhabited with the exception of a small airfield, harbour, and entrenched Iranian military unit. 2024-06-14 Iran False True refutes borderlines-118_ret_bn_g16 borderlines-118 - Greater and Lesser Tunbs is a territory of Iran Greater and Lesser Tunbs 2024-10-09 https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/498623/Iran-rejects-Arab-League-statement-on-Persian-Gulf-islands "TEHRAN – Iran has strongly rejected the recent statement issued by the Arab League regarding the Abu Musa, Greater Tunb, and Lesser Tunb islands in the Persian Gulf. [...] Kanaani, responding to this, emphasized that Abu Musa, Greater Tunb, and Lesser Tunb have historically belonged to Iran. ""It has been stated and emphasized many times that the three Iranian islands of Abu Musa as well as Greater and Lesser Tunbs are an integral and eternal part of the territory of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and such baseless claims in the statement in question are rejected,"" he noted." 2024-05-18 Iran False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-119_ret_b14_gn borderlines-119 - Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan Nagorno-Karabakh region 2024-10-09 https://www.usatoday.com/story/graphics/2023/09/28/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-armenia-conflict-map-images/70980004007/ Nagorno-Karabakh is a mountainous region internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan. Roughly 120,000 ethnic Armenians were living there out of the population of a little over 140,000. Under the Soviet Union, which included both Azerbaijan and Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh became an autonomous region within the republic of Azerbaijan. With the breakup of the Soviet Union, Karabakh declared itself an independent republic. The region came under the control of ethnic Armenian forces backed by the Armenian military in a six-year war that ended in 1994 and killed about 30,000 people. Nagorno-Karabakh became de facto independent, with a self-proclaimed government in Stepanakert, but was heavily reliant on close economic, political and military support from Armenia, according to Global Conflict Tracker. [...] On Sept. 19, Azerbaijan launched a military offensive and in 24 hours ended the 35-year conflict over the territory. The self-declared government of Nagorno-Karabakh agreed to capitulate and dismantle its armed forces, leading to the cease-fire. 2023-09-28 Azerbaijan False True supports borderlines-119_ret_bn_g4 borderlines-119 - Nagorno-Karabakh region is a territory of Azerbaijan Nagorno-Karabakh region 2024-10-09 https://www.britannica.com/place/Nagorno-Karabakh Nagorno-Karabakh, region of southwestern Azerbaijan. The name is also used to refer to an autonomous oblast (province) of the former Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (S.S.R.) and to the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh, a self-declared country whose independence is not internationally recognized. The old autonomous region occupied an area of about 1,700 square miles (4,400 square km), while the forces of the self-proclaimed Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh occupied some 2,700 square miles (7,000 square km). The general region includes the northeastern flank of the Karabakh Range of the Lesser Caucasus and extends from the crest line of the range to the margin of the Kura River lowland at its foot. Nagorno-Karabakh’s environments vary from steppe on the Kura lowland through dense forest of oak, hornbeam, and beech on the lower mountain slopes to birchwood and alpine meadows higher up. The peaks of the Karabakh Range culminate in Mount Gyamysh (12,218 feet [3,724 meters]). Vineyards, orchards, and mulberry groves for silkworms are intensively developed in the valleys of Nagorno-Karabakh. Cereal grains are grown, and cattle, sheep, and pigs are kept. The region has some light industry and many food-processing plants. Xankändi (formerly Stepanakert) is the chief industrial center. 2024-10-05 Azerbaijan False True supports borderlines-12_ret_b15_gn borderlines-12 - Europa Island is a territory of France Europa Island 2024-10-09 https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Europa_Island "Europa Island (French: Île Europa, pronounced [il øʁɔpa]), in Malagasy Nosy Ampela[1] is a 28-square-kilometre (11 sq mi) low-lying tropical atoll in the Mozambique Channel, about a third of the way from southern Madagascar to southern Mozambique. The island had never been inhabited until 1820, when the French family of Rosier moved to it. The island officially became a possession of France in 1897, though it is claimed by Madagascar. [...] Europa Island was the setting of ""Search in the Deep"", a 1968 episode of The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau,[2] partly focusing on the breeding habits of the green sea turtle. [...] While the island has probably been sighted by navigators since at least the 16th century, it takes its name from the British ship Europa, which visited it in December 1774. Ruins and graves on Europa island attest to several attempts at settlement from the 1860s to the 1920s. For example, the French Rosiers family moved to the island in 1860, but subsequently abandoned it.[7]" 2011-10-27 France False True refutes borderlines-12_ret_b17_gn borderlines-12 - Europa Island is a territory of France Europa Island 2024-10-09 https://www.hellomondo.com/europa-island/ Visit Europa Island, a French territory located in the Indian Ocean. Explore untouched landscapes and discover diverse marine life in this remote paradise. [...] Europa Island is a stunning destination located in the Mozambique Channel, between Mozambique and Madagascar. With its pristine beaches, crystal clear waters, and diverse marine life, this French overseas territory is a paradise for nature lovers and adventure enthusiasts. The island is known for its unique ecosystem, combining tropical and coastal environments. Visitors can explore the island’s lagoon, hike through its lush forests, or dive into its vibrant coral reefs. Whether you’re seeking relaxation or adventure, Europa Island offers a truly unforgettable experience. [...] In recent decades, the island’s importance as an ecological haven has been further recognized. It has become a focal point for scientific research, especially in the study of migratory birds, turtles, and marine ecosystems. However, the island’s status has not been without disputes. While the French maintain control, Madagascar has also laid a claim to Europa Island, viewing it as part of its sovereign territory. This territorial dispute, while not escalated to a major diplomatic crisis, remains unresolved. The French government, in collaboration with conservationists, has made significant efforts to protect and conserve the unique habitats on Europa Island. Restrictions on human activities ensure that the island’s environment remains as undisturbed as possible. Today, apart from a small military outpost and a weather station, the island remains largely uninhabited, serving as a testament to nature’s resilience and beauty. 2024-09-03 France False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-12_ret_b3_gn borderlines-12 - Europa Island is a territory of France Europa Island 2024-10-09 https://facts.net/nature/universe/10-surprising-facts-about-europa-island/ Europa Island is the smallest of the Îles Éparses, a group of French islands located in the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. The island is just over 12 square kilometers in size and is predominantly made up of sandy beaches and dunes. [...] Finally, Europa Island stands as a symbol of France’s overseas territories. It represents the country’s commitment to conservation and environmental protection while serving as a valuable research site for scientists studying the Indian Ocean region. Europa Island, with its unique features and fascinating history, offers plenty of surprises for curious minds. From its diverse wildlife to its captivating geology, there is always something new to discover about this remote French territory. Whether you’re an avid nature enthusiast or simply interested in learning more about our universe, Europa Island is a destination that deserves your attention. So pack your bags and embark on an adventure to explore this remarkable island and uncover its hidden treasures. 2024-09-21 France False True refutes borderlines-121_ret_bn_g1 borderlines-121 - Syunik Province is a territory of Azerbaijan Syunik Province 2024-10-09 https://www.france24.com/en/tv-shows/focus/20231017-azerbaijan-eyes-southern-armenian-border-province-of-syunik "Azerbaijan eyes southern Armenian border province of Syunik After taking full control of Nagorno-Karabakh in September, will Azerbaijan go further? In the southern Armenian province of Syunik, residents are increasingly worried about the threat from Baku. Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev claims Syunik and much of Armenian territory is historically Azerbaijani, referring to it as ""Western Azerbaijan"". Since 2020, Azerbaijan has also taken 150 square kilometres of Armenian land near the border, according to Armenian officials. FRANCE 24's Catherine Norris Trent, Julie Dungelhoeff and Mohammed Farhat report." 2023-10-17 Azerbaijan False True insufficient-supports borderlines-122_ret_b15_gn borderlines-122 - Syunik Province is a territory of Armenia Syunik Province 2024-10-09 https://toursarmenia.com/tour/syunik-province/ The Syunik province is apparently one of the most diverse provinces in Armenia due to its wide range of tourist attractions, nature and, of course, historical heritage. It is located in the South of Armenia. The capital of the province and largest city is the town of Kapan. Syunik is a mountainous province, mainly covered with thick green forests. One of the most stunning mountains in Armenia, the Zangezur mountain range occupies most of the territory of Syunik. The highest peaks of the province are the Mt. Kaputjugh (3905m) and Mt. Gazanasar (3829m) mostly covered with lush green forests. Noteworthy to say that the Syunik province is one of the fewest in Armenia that has wide range of national parks and protected areas, and for this exact reason, many of the forests are protected by the government, including the Arevik National Park, the Shikahogh State Reserve, the Boghakar Sanctuary, the Goris Sanctuary, the Plane Grove Sanctuary, the Sev Lake Sanctuary, and the Zangezur Sanctuary. [...] Needless to say, that the Syunik province is a home to one of the most iconic mountains in Armenia – Mt. Khustup, which is a part of the Bargushat Mountain range. It is a dream destination for hikers, rock climbers, campers, and lovers of rich and wild nature. Mt. Khustup is 3201 meters high and is covered with alpine meadows and forests and is located near the city of Kapan. 2023-07-24 Armenia False True refutes borderlines-122_ret_b5_gn borderlines-122 - Syunik Province is a territory of Armenia Syunik Province 2024-10-09 https://www.hatis.am/en/syunik-province Syunik Province is the southernmost province of Armenia. It is bordered by the Vayots Dzor Province from the north, Nakhchivan exclave from the west, the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic from the east, and Iran from the south. Its capital and largest city is the town of Kapan. The National Statistical Service of the Republic of Armenia (ARMSTAT) reported its population was 141,771 in the 2011 census, down from 152,684 at the 2001 census. [...] Syunik is located between the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan from the west, and the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic from the east. The Vayots Dzor Province of Armenia forms its northern borders, while Aras River at the south separates Syunik from Iran. Syunik covers an area of 4,506 km² (15% of total area of Armenia), making it the second-largest province in Armenia after Gegharkunik in terms of the total area. Historically, the current territory of the province occupies most of the historic Syunik province of Ancient Armenia. 2024-06-04 Armenia False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-122_ret_b8_gn borderlines-122 - Syunik Province is a territory of Armenia Syunik Province 2024-10-09 https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Syunik_Province Syunik was one of the 15 provinces of the Kingdom of Armenia. The early Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi connected the name of the province with Sisak, a descendant of the legendary Armenian patriarch Hayk and supposed progenitor of the ancient Siunia (or Syunik) dynasty, which ruled Syunik from the first century CE.[7] However, historian Robert Hewsen considered Sisak to be a later eponym.[8] Historian Armen Petrosyan suggested that Syunik is derived from name of the Urartian sun god Shivini/Siwini (itself a borrowing from the Hittites), noting the similarity between the names and the high number of sun-related placenames in the historical Syunik region.[9] At various times, the region of present-day Syunik was also known by other names such as Syunia, Sisakan and Zangezur (or Zangadzor[10]). The region of Syunik geographically was called Siounia Caucasiana in the 5-6th century by the Ravenna Cosmography.[citation needed] Syunik is located between the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan from the west, and districts of Lachin, Qubadli and Zangilan of Azerbaijan from the east. It was bordered on the east by Kashatagh Province of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic between 1992 and 2020. The Vayots Dzor Province of Armenia forms its northern border, while Aras River at the south separates Syunik from Iran. Syunik covers an area of 4,506 km2 (1740 sq. mi.) (15% of total area of Armenia), making it the second-largest province in Armenia after Gegharkunik in terms of the total area. 2019-01-01 Armenia False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-123_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-123 - Azad Kashmir is a territory of India Azad Kashmir 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Kashmir Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Urdu: آزاد جموں و کشمیر, romanized: , lit. 'Independent Jammu and Kashmir'; abbr. AJK),[6] officially the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir[a] and colloquially referred to as simply Azad Kashmir (/ˌɑːzæd kæʃˈmɪər/ AH-zad kash-MEER),[7] is a region administered by Pakistan as a nominally self-governing entity[8] and constituting the western portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947.[1] Azad Kashmir also shares borders with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the south and west, respectively. On its eastern side, Azad Kashmir is separated from the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir (part of Indian-administered Kashmir) by the Line of Control (LoC), which serves as the de facto border between the Indian and Pakistani-controlled parts of Kashmir. Geographically, it covers a total area of 13,297 km2 (5,134 sq mi) and has a total population of 4,045,366 as per the 2017 national census. [...] Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) is nominally a self-governing state,[43] but ever since the 1949 ceasefire between Indian and Pakistani forces, Pakistan has exercised control over the state without incorporating it into Pakistan.[2][44] Azad Kashmir has its own elected president, prime minister, legislative assembly, high court (with Azam Khan as its present chief justice), and official flag.[45] 2024-10-06 India False True refutes borderlines-123_ret_bn_g1 borderlines-123 - Azad Kashmir is a territory of India Azad Kashmir 2024-10-09 https://www.britannica.com/place/Azad-Kashmir "Azad Kashmir, area of the Pakistani-administered sector of the Kashmir region, in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent. Azad (""Free"") Kashmir, established in 1947 after the partition of India, is neither a province nor an agency of Pakistan but has a government of its own that is regarded by Pakistan as ""independent,"" even though it is protected by and economically and administratively linked to Pakistan. It has an area of approximately 650 square miles (1,680 square km) and consists of an arc of territory bordering the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir to the east, the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the south and southwest and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, and the Gilgit-Baltistan region of Pakistani-administered Kashmir to the north. Northern Azad Kashmir comprises foothills of the Himalayas rising to Jamgarh Peak (15,531 feet [4,734 metres]); south of this are the northwestern reaches of the Pir Panjal Range, which has an average crest line of 12,500 feet (3,800 metres). The region is in the subduction zone at the most northerly extension of the Indian-Australian tectonic plate and is prone to powerful seismic activity. In 2005 a strong earthquake devastated the administrative centre of Muzaffarabad and surrounding regions. [...] The administration of Azad Kashmir is overseen by Pakistan’s Ministry of Kashmir Affairs and headquartered at Muzaffarabad, which is linked by road with Abbottabad to the southwest. Mirpur is the major town in the southern part of the territory." 2024-09-09 India False True refutes borderlines-123_ret_bn_g9 borderlines-123 - Azad Kashmir is a territory of India Azad Kashmir 2024-10-09 https://www.hrw.org/report/2006/09/20/friends-these/human-rights-violations-azad-kashmir "Azad Kashmir is divided into Muzaffarabad and Mirpur divisions, which are further subdivided into eight administrative districts: Muzaffarabad division comprises Muzaffarabad, Neelum, Bagh, Poonch, and Sudhnutti districts; Mirpur division comprises Mirpur, Kotli, and Bhimber districts. Muzaffarabad city is the territory's capital. [...] Thus, Azad Kashmir remains for all intents and purposes under Pakistan's strict control, exercising no real sovereignty of its own. From the outset, the institutional set up in the territory was designed to ensure Pakistan's control of the area's affairs. According to the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP)[39] resolutions, Azad Kashmir is neither a sovereign state nor a province of Pakistan, but rather a ""local authority"" with responsibility over the area assigned to it under the ceasefire agreement.[40] The ""local authority"" or provisional government of Azad Kashmir as established in October 1947 handed over to Pakistan under the Karachi Agreement of April 28, 1949, matters related to defense, foreign affairs, negotiations with the UNCIP and coordination of all affairs relating to Gilgit and Baltistan (strategically important territories that now comprise Pakistan's ""Northern Areas"" but are claimed by India as part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir). A former president of Azad Kashmir (who preferred not to be named in this report) described the situation as ""[g]overnment of Azad Kashmir, by the Pakistanis, for Pakistan.""" 2006-09-20 India False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-124_ret_b10_gn borderlines-124 - Azad Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan Azad Kashmir 2024-10-09 https://www.wikiwand.com/simple/articles/Pakistan-administered_Kashmir Azad Kashmir region administered by Pakistan From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia region administered by Pakistan From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Azad Jammu and Kashmir, (Urdu: آزاد جموں و کشمیر پاکستان) also just called Azad Kashmir is a self-governing region that falls under Pakistan and is disputed region with India. In terms of land area it is bigger than Trinidad and Tobago but smaller than Brunei. [...] Azad Kashmir is a self-governing state under Pakistan.[4][5] It has its own elected president, prime minister, legislature, high court, emblem and official flag. However, the highest body in the state is the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Council. This council has six members from the government of Azad Kashmir (including the President and the Prime Minister of Azad Kashmir) and five members from the government of Pakistan, including the President of Pakistan who is the chairman/chief executive of the council.[4][5] Azad Kashmir is administratively divided into three divisions which, in turn, are divided into ten districts. 2011-01-28 Pakistan False True refutes borderlines-124_ret_b18_gn borderlines-124 - Azad Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan Azad Kashmir 2024-10-09 https://beautyofpakistan.com/province/azad-kashmir/info Azad Kashmir, also known as Azad Jammu and Kashmir, is a self governing territory, administrated by Pakistan. Jammu and Kashmir is divided among Pakistan and India by UN on the Line of Control. Both of the countries claims the entire state of Kashmir as their own but issue was still under the conflict between Pakistan and India since 1949. [...] Azad Kashmir has its own self-governing legislative assembly under the control of Pakistan. Azad Jammu and Kashmir is situated on the lower part of the Himalayas, the Sarwali peak in the Neelum Valley is the highest peak in the region. Whole region is composed of lush green and fertile mountainous valleys, which attracts number of visitors from all around Pakistan and other countries. 2018-05-07 Pakistan False True refutes borderlines-125_ret_b11_gn borderlines-125 - Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of India Gilgit-Baltistan 2024-10-09 https://byjus.com/current-affairs/gilgit-baltistan-issue/ Gilgit-Baltistan is a region that India considers as part of undivided Jammu and Kashmir but under current administration by Pakistan. The region has been a regular feature of India-Pakistan conflicts involving Kashmir. [...] India’s stance regarding Gilgit Baltistan - India has always considered the continued occupation of Gilgit Baltistan as illegal. In 1994 the Indian parliament had passed resolutions claiming both Gilgit Baltistan and Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir as part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir, forming an integral part of Indian territory. [...] - Gilgit-Baltistan is still a simmering dispute between India and Pakistan and with the recent Indian-China border clash at the Galwan-Valley, it seems likely that China will bolster troop presence in the region in order to protect its projects there. It remains to be seen how this issue will play out in the coming years 2022-01-27 India False True refutes borderlines-125_ret_b19_gn borderlines-125 - Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of India Gilgit-Baltistan 2024-10-09 https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily-news-analysis/provincial-status-to-gilgit-baltistan-pakistan - Gilgit-Baltistan is one of the disputed territories of India. [...] - Gilgit-Baltistan is the northernmost territory administered by Pakistan. It is Pakistan’s only territorial frontier, and thus a land route, with China. [...] - India has clearly conveyed to Pakistan that the entire Union Territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, including the areas of Gilgit and Baltistan, are an integral part of the country by virtue of its fully legal and irrevocable accession. 2021-08-02 India False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-125_ret_b9_gn borderlines-125 - Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of India Gilgit-Baltistan 2024-10-09 https://thediplomat.com/2020/11/the-complex-calculus-behind-gilgit-baltistans-provincial-upgrade/ India regards Gilgit-Baltistan as Indian territory. A part of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, Gilgit-Baltistan comprises a major chunk of the territory Pakistan occupied during its war with India that year. Gilgit-Baltistan together with Azad Kashmir is referred to by New Delhi as Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK). According to the Indian argument, since Gilgit-Baltistan was a part of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, whose Maharaja acceded to India, it is legally India’s. [...] India has a different perception of Gilgit-Baltistan’s relationship with Jammu and Kashmir. It argues that even if Gilgit-Baltistan was on lease to the British, with the lapse of British paramountcy, Gilgit came under the Maharaja’s rule again. And since the Maharaja signed the Instrument of Accession with India, Gilgit-Baltistan is an integral part of the Indian Union. 2020-11-14 India False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-126_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-126 - Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of Pakistan Gilgit-Baltistan 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan Gilgit-Baltistan (/ˌɡɪlɡɪt ˌbɔːltɪˈstɑːn, -stæn/; Urdu: گِلْگِت بَلْتِسْتان [12] )[a], formerly known as the Northern Areas,[13] is a region administered by Pakistan as an administrative territory and consists of the northern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and between India and China since 1959.[1] It borders Azad Kashmir to the south, the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan to the north, the Xinjiang region of China to the east and northeast, and the Indian-administered union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh to the southeast. 2024-09-04 Pakistan False True refutes borderlines-126_ret_b1_gn borderlines-126 - Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of Pakistan Gilgit-Baltistan 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Gilgit-Baltistan "Gilgit-Baltistan is an administrative territory of Pakistan that borders the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, Azad Kashmir to the southwest, Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan to the northwest, the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China to the north, and the Indian-administered region of Jammu and Kashmir to the south and south-east. [...] - ^ Bangash, Yaqoob Khan (2010), ""Three Forgotten Accessions: Gilgit, Hunza and Nagar"", The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 38 (1): 117–143, doi:10.1080/03086530903538269, S2CID 159652497 - ^ Yaqoob Khan Bangash (2010) Three Forgotten Accessions: Gilgit, Hunza and Nagar, The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 38:1, 132, DOI: 10.1080/03086530903538269 - ^ Yaqoob Khan Bangash (2010) Three Forgotten Accessions: Gilgit, Hunza and Nagar, The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 38:1, 137, DOI: 10.1080/03086530903538269 - ^ Bangash, Yaqoob Khan (9 January 2016). ""Gilgit-Baltistan—part of Pakistan by choice"". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 5 January 2017. [...] - ^ ""Pakistan | Gilgit–Baltistan autonomy"". Dawn.Com. 2009-09-09. Archived from the original on September 12, 2009. Retrieved 2010-06-05." 2024-09-09 Pakistan False True refutes borderlines-126_ret_bn_g5 borderlines-126 - Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of Pakistan Gilgit-Baltistan 2024-10-09 https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-8-2016-008786_EN.html VP/HR — Pakistan-occupied Gilgit-Baltistan 24.11.2016 [...] Gilgit-Baltistan is a territory of approximately 72 000 km2 and 2 million people. In 1947 during the Indo-Pakistani partition, the area was occupied by Pakistan without the consent of the local indigenous peoples. Although the United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP) resolution of 28 April 1949 called on Pakistan to withdraw its forces from the disputed area, it remains occupied to this day. Declared a disputed territory by the UN Security Council, Gilgit-Baltistan is not part of Pakistan and the dispute is yet to be resolved. Nevertheless, between 2013-2015, the European Union funded the project ‘Gilgit-Baltistan — The Jewel of Pakistan’ with EUR 1 943 559.15. Furthermore, on the webpage of the Delegation of the European Union to Pakistan, as well as in EU brochures, the language used implies that Gilgit-Baltistan is an integral part of Pakistan. 2016-11-24 Pakistan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-127_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-127 - Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of India Jammu and Kashmir 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory) "Jammu[b] and Kashmir[c] is a region administered by India as a union territory[1] and consists of the southern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and between India and China since 1959.[3] The Line of Control separates Jammu and Kashmir from the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan in the west and north. It lies to the north of the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab and to the west of Ladakh which is administered by India as a union territory.[2] [...] The union territory of Jammu and Kashmir is administered under the provisions of Article 239 of the Constitution of India. Article 239A, originally formulated for the union territory of Puduchery, is also applicable to Jammu and Kashmir.[73] [...] (d) Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003), Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191–, ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5 Quote: ""Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China.""" 2024-10-09 India False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-127_ret_b11_gn borderlines-127 - Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of India Jammu and Kashmir 2024-10-09 https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Jammu-and-Kashmir/275134 As a state, Jammu and Kashmir retained a special status within the Indian governmental structure and followed a modified version of the Indian constitution. A governor, appointed by the president of India, served as head of state (a largely ceremonial position). The actual administration of the state was carried out by an elected chief minister and the Council of Ministers. Jammu and Kashmir also had a two-house legislature. In August 2019, however, the national government effectively suspended the constitution of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Legislation passed that month established a framework for splitting the state into the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the union territory of Ladakh. Under this framework, the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir will be under the administration of a lieutenant governor appointed by the president of India. It will have a Legislative Assembly, with members elected to five-year terms, though it may be dissolved by the lieutenant governor before the term expires. The union territory of Ladakh will likewise be administered by a lieutenant governor. Unlike Jammu and Kashmir (but like most other union territories in India), Ladakh will not have a legislative body. 2024-01-01 India False True insufficient-supports borderlines-127_ret_b18_gn borderlines-127 - Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of India Jammu and Kashmir 2024-10-09 https://knowledgesight.com/geography-of-jammu-and-kashmir/ Jammu and Kashmir, located in the northernmost part of India, is a region known for its breathtaking natural beauty and diverse cultural heritage. This article aims to provide an in-depth exploration of the geography of Jammu and Kashmir, highlighting its physical features, climate, wildlife, and tourism potential. [...] Jammu and Kashmir is a union territory in northern India, bordered by Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south. It is divided into three regions: Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh. The region has a rich historical and cultural heritage, attracting tourists from all over the world. [...] The geography of Jammu and Kashmir is a perfect blend of awe-inspiring natural beauty, diverse landscapes, and cultural richness. From the majestic Himalayas to the serene lakes and vibrant valleys, the region offers a plethora of experiences for tourists. Whether you are seeking adventure, tranquility, or spiritual enlightenment, Jammu and Kashmir has something for everyone. 2023-07-02 India False True supports borderlines-128_ret_b0_gn borderlines-128 - Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan Jammu and Kashmir 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory) "Jammu[b] and Kashmir[c] is a region administered by India as a union territory[1] and consists of the southern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and between India and China since 1959.[3] The Line of Control separates Jammu and Kashmir from the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan in the west and north. It lies to the north of the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab and to the west of Ladakh which is administered by India as a union territory.[2] [...] Notes - ^ Jammu and Kashmir is a disputed territory between India and Pakistan. Jammu and Kashmir has 42,241 km2 (16,309 sq mi) of area administered by India and 13,297 km2 (5,134 sq mi) of area controlled by Pakistan under Azad Kashmir which is claimed by India as part of Jammu and Kashmir. [...] (d) Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003), Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M, Taylor & Francis, pp. 1191–, ISBN 978-0-415-93922-5 Quote: ""Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China.""" 2024-10-09 Pakistan False True supports borderlines-128_ret_b11_gn borderlines-128 - Jammu and Kashmir is a territory of Pakistan Jammu and Kashmir 2024-10-09 https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Jammu-and-Kashmir/275134 Jammu and Kashmir is a union territory of India. Formerly a state of India, it is part of the larger region of Kashmir, which has been the subject of dispute between India, Pakistan, and China since the partition of India in 1947. Legislation passed by India’s parliament in August 2019 set the stage for downgrading Jammu and Kashmir from statehood to union territory status and splitting off a part of it, known as the Ladakh region, into a second union territory. The change went into effect on October 31 of that year. The information that follows describes the former state of Jammu and Kashmir, including the Ladakh region. Jammu and Kashmir is bounded on the northwest by the Pakistani-administered portion of Kashmir. On the northeast and east it is bordered by two parts of China—the Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang and the Tibet Autonomous Region—as well as the Chinese-administered portions of Kashmir. The Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab lie to the south. Jammu and Kashmir has an area of 39,146 square miles (101,387 square kilometers). The administrative capitals are Srinagar in the summer and Jammu in the winter. 2024-01-01 Pakistan False True supports borderlines-129_ret_b0_g1 borderlines-129 - Aksai Chin is a territory of Republic of China Aksai Chin 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksai_Chin Aksai Chin is a region administered by China partly in Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang[2] and partly in Rutog County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet and constituting the easternmost portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and China since 1959.[1] It is claimed by India as part of its Leh District, Ladakh Union Territory. [...] Aksai Chin is one of the two large disputed border areas between India and China. India claims Aksai Chin as the easternmost part of the union territory of Ladakh. China claims that Aksai Chin is part of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and Tibet Autonomous Region. The line that separates Indian-administered areas of Ladakh from Aksai Chin is known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and is concurrent with the Chinese Aksai Chin claim line. [...] Aksai Chin covers an area of approximately 38,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi).[55] The area is largely a vast high-altitude desert with a low point (on the Karakash River) at about 4,300 m (14,100 ft) above sea level. In the southwest, mountains up to 7,000 m (23,000 ft) extending southeast from the Depsang Plains form the de facto border (Line of Actual Control) between Aksai Chin and Indian-controlled Kashmir. 2024-08-10 Republic of China False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-129_ret_b17_gn borderlines-129 - Aksai Chin is a territory of Republic of China Aksai Chin 2024-10-09 https://unacademy.com/content/railway-exam/study-material/general-awareness/learn-everything-about-the-importance-of-aksai-chin/ China and India have a disputed border territory known as Aksai Chin. It is primarily part of Hotan County, located in the southwestern section of Hotan Prefecture in China’s Xinjiang Autonomous Region, with a tiny portion on the southeast & south sides falling into the Tibet Autonomous Region. [...] The territory of Aksai Chin is situated at the crossroads of the People’s Republic of China, Pakistan, and India. Although India disputes it, it is administered by China. One of the vital boundary disputes between India and China is the Aksai Chin. Aksai Chin is a salt desert at a significantly higher altitude, and soda plain is another name for Aksai Chin. The area is devoid of human settlement. Because of the Himalayas or other mountains, the region receives minimal precipitation but absorbs the Indian monsoon. [...] In the above topic, we have read about the importance of the Aksai Chin. China administers the Aksai Chin region, including Hotan County in Xinjiang’s Hotan Prefecture and Rutog County in Tibet’s Ngari Prefecture. India declares it as part of the Ladakh Union Territory’s Leh District. It is located in the eastern section of Kashmir and has been a source of contention between China and India since the late 1950s. Go through the complete notes to better understand the geographical location, Indian disputes, and history of the Aksai chin. 2022-06-06 Republic of China False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-129_ret_b7_gn borderlines-129 - Aksai Chin is a territory of Republic of China Aksai Chin 2024-10-09 https://wikimili.com/en/Aksai_Chin Aksai Chin is a region administered by the People's Republic of China (PRC) partly in Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang [2] and partly in Rutog County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet and constituting the easternmost portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and the PRC as well as the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan since 1959. [1] It is claimed by India as part of its Leh District, Ladakh Union Territory and by the ROC as part of the Mainland area. [...] Aksai Chin is one of the two large disputed border areas between India and China. India claims Aksai Chin as the easternmost part of the union territory of Ladakh. China claims that Aksai Chin is part of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and Tibet Autonomous Region. The line that separates Indian-administered areas of Ladakh from Aksai Chin is known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and is concurrent with the Chinese Aksai Chin claim line. [...] Aksai Chin covers an area of approximately 38,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi). [56] The area is largely a vast high-altitude desert with a low point (on the Karakash River ) at about 4,300 m (14,100 ft) above sea level. In the southwest, mountains up to 7,000 m (23,000 ft) extending southeast from the Depsang Plains form the de facto border (Line of Actual Control) between Aksai Chin and Indian-controlled Kashmir. 2024-07-05 Republic of China False True insufficient-supports borderlines-13_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-13 - Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France Juan de Nova Island 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island Juan de Nova Island (French: Île Juan de Nova, pronounced [il ʒɥɑ̃ də nɔva]), Malagasy: Nosy Kely)[1] is a French-controlled tropical island in the narrowest part of the Mozambique Channel, about one-third of the way between Madagascar and Mozambique. It is a low, flat island, 4.8 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi) in size. [...] Juan de Nova Island was assigned a small garrison of 14 soldiers from the 2nd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment, as well as a gendarme. They settled in housing that formerly hosted SOFIM workers.[8] The troops receive supplies by air every 45 days. [...] - Juan de Nova Island - Islands of Madagascar - 1897 establishments in the French colonial empire - Former populated places in the Indian Ocean - France–Madagascar relations - Important Bird Areas of the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean - Islands of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands - Territorial disputes of France - Territorial disputes of Madagascar - Seabird colonies 2024-08-17 France False True supports borderlines-13_ret_b17_gn borderlines-13 - Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France Juan de Nova Island 2024-10-09 https://kids.kiddle.co/Juan_de_Nova_Island Juan de Nova Island (French: Île Juan de Nova, pronounced: [il ʒɥɑ̃ də nɔva]), Malagasy: Nosy Kely) is a French-controlled tropical island in the narrowest part of the Mozambique Channel, about one-third of the way between Madagascar and Mozambique. It is a low, flat island, 4.8 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi) in size. [...] In 1974, the French government decided to install military detachments across the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean that lay within the Mozambique Channel (Juan de Nova, Europa Island, and the Glorioso Islands). Its aim was primarily to respond to Madagascar's claims to those territories, which France considers protected within an exclusive economic zone. Juan de Nova Island was assigned a small garrison of 14 soldiers from the 2nd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment, as well as a gendarme. They settled in housing that formerly hosted SOFIM workers. The troops receive supplies by air every 45 days. 2024-09-02 France False True supports borderlines-13_ret_b5_gn borderlines-13 - Juan de Nova Island is a territory of France Juan de Nova Island 2024-10-09 https://abroadwall.com/index.php/juan-de-nova-island-a-hidden-gem-in-the-indian-ocean/ Welcome to Juan De Nova Island, a remote and pristine paradise located in the Indian Ocean. This small island, which is a part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, offers a unique blend of natural beauty, rich biodiversity, and a tranquil atmosphere. [...] Juan De Nova Island does not have a permanent population. However, it is occasionally inhabited by French military personnel and scientists. As a result, the official language spoken on the island is French. As Juan De Nova Island is a French territory, the official currency is the Euro (€). Visitors should note that the island is uninhabited and does not have any tourist facilities or infrastructure. Therefore, obtaining a visa to visit the island is not applicable. 2024-02-14 France False True supports borderlines-130_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-130 - Aksai Chin is a territory of India Aksai Chin 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksai_Chin "Aksai Chin is a region administered by China partly in Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang[2] and partly in Rutog County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet and constituting the easternmost portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and China since 1959.[1] It is claimed by India as part of its Leh District, Ladakh Union Territory. [...] Aksai Chin is one of the two large disputed border areas between India and China. India claims Aksai Chin as the easternmost part of the union territory of Ladakh. China claims that Aksai Chin is part of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and Tibet Autonomous Region. The line that separates Indian-administered areas of Ladakh from Aksai Chin is known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and is concurrent with the Chinese Aksai Chin claim line. [...] (b) Pletcher, Kenneth, Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia, Encyclopaedia Britannica, retrieved 16 August 2019 (subscription required) Quote: ""Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state."";" 2024-08-10 India False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-130_ret_bn_g19 borderlines-130 - Aksai Chin is a territory of India Aksai Chin 2024-10-09 https://www.chinausfocus.com/finance-economy/are-indo-china-clashes-meant-to-protect-the-bri-in-pakistan Shortly after India modified the status of Jammu and Kashmir, making it a Union Territory, India then focused on the Aksai Chin region. Originally a part of the Kashmir Region, Aksai Chin has been under Chinese control since 1962. However, India’s position has been that Aksai Chin is a part of India under the illegal occupation of China. In the past, India’s stance on Aksai Chin has been docile, but the aggressive move on Kashmir emboldened India. Keeping up with the rhetoric around Kashmir, India’s Home Minister Amit Shah went a step further. He said that Aksai Chin is a territory of India that India lost to China in the 1962 war, and vowed to take Aksai Chin back from China. This was an explicit threat to China coming from the top echelons of power in India. This irritated Chinese leadership, and thus they trespassed into the Ladakh region of India to pre-empt any adventurism by India in Aksai Chin. While India did not have any plans of invading Aksai Chin, Amit Shah’s statement proved to be a serious miscalculation. 2020-09-25 India False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-131_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-131 - Aksai Chin is a territory of China Aksai Chin 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksai_Chin "Aksai Chin is a region administered by China partly in Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang[2] and partly in Rutog County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet and constituting the easternmost portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and China since 1959.[1] It is claimed by India as part of its Leh District, Ladakh Union Territory. [...] Aksai Chin is one of the two large disputed border areas between India and China. India claims Aksai Chin as the easternmost part of the union territory of Ladakh. China claims that Aksai Chin is part of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and Tibet Autonomous Region. The line that separates Indian-administered areas of Ladakh from Aksai Chin is known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and is concurrent with the Chinese Aksai Chin claim line. [...] ماقالە يازغۇچى داۋاملاشتۇرۇپ: بۇ تېررىتورىيىنىڭ نامى تۈرك تىلىدا، ""ئاقساي چىن "" دېيىلىدۇ، بۇ ئىسىمدىكى ""چىن"" سۆزى جۇڭگونى كۆرسىتىدۇ، ئېيتىشلارغا ئاساسلانغاندا، بۇ سۆزنىڭ مەنىسى – "" جۇڭگونىڭ ئاق تاشلىق جىلغىسى ياكى جۇڭگونىڭ ئاق تاشلىق سېيى"" دېگەنلىك بولىدۇ دەيدۇ. [The author goes on to say that the name of the territory is in Turkish, ""Aksai Chin"", and the word ""Chin"" in that name means China, and it is said that the word means ""White Valley of China or China's White River"".]" 2024-08-10 China False True insufficient-supports borderlines-133_ret_b0_g2 borderlines-133 - Tawang is a territory of India Tawang 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawang "Tawang is a town and administrative headquarter of Tawang district in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh.[1][2] It lies on NH-13 section of Trans-Arunachal Highway. The town was once the headquarter of the Tawang Tract, which is now divided into the Tawang district and the West Kameng district. Tawang continues as the headquarters of the former. Tawang is the number one tourist destination of Arunachal Pradesh. India occupied Tawang in 1951 and removed Tibetan administration from the area.[3][4] China continues to claim Tawang as its region.[3] It is situated 448 km north-west of state capital Itanagar at an elevation of approximately 3,048 metres (10,000 ft). It lies to the north of the Tawang Chu river valley, roughly 10 miles (16 km) south of the Line of Actual Control with China. It is the site of a famous Gelugpa Buddhist Monastery. [...] - ^ a b ""Tawang is part of India: Dalai Lama"". The Times of India. 4 June 2008. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012." 2024-08-30 India False True insufficient-supports borderlines-133_ret_b17_gn borderlines-133 - Tawang is a territory of India Tawang 2024-10-09 https://tibet.net/tibetan-narrative-on-tawang-a-historical-approach/ Tawang is one of the most important districts of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. It also has a geostrategic significance to India. China claims it as south Tibet. Hence, this dispute of territorial demarcation has sparked off geopolitical ramifications for India and China. In India, the Monpas explicitly state that they share border with Tibet, not China (www.economictimes.com, 22 April 2017). But the Tibetan narrative on Tawang has not gained attention in the context of India-China relations. This paper explores the Tibetan argument on Tawang which is deductively appended by historical insights relating to Tawang – Tibet relations. [...] Monyul was situated in the south of Tsona Dzong, east of Bhutan and north east of Assam. It was also rich in flora and fauna and natural lakes. Political and human geography of Monyul drastically changed today. Tawang became one of the smallest districts of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. Political and administrative power of Tawang has been transferred to Itanagar, the capital city of Arunachal Pradesh. Furthermore, the Tawang administrative district is divided into two administrative units: Tawang and Kitpi. It is one of the most geopolitically significant districts in Arunachal Pradesh because it is considered as India’s Achilles’ heel. 2017-10-20 India False True supports borderlines-133_ret_b19_gn borderlines-133 - Tawang is a territory of India Tawang 2024-10-09 https://www.tourmyindia.com/states/arunachalpradesh/tawang.html Located in the North East Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh bordering Tibet in North, Bhutan in South-West and Sela Range in the East, Tawang counts amongst the most highly sensitive zones of India always under the close surveillance of the Indian Army. Torn between national and political boundaries, the town has its very own interesting story; once the part of Tibet province in China, it was captured by the British Army during their colonial rule in India to establish their hold over the North East region. When the British left in 1947, though Tawang came under the Indian Territory, it was always eyed upon by the Chinese. In 1962, the Chinese troops invaded the region to reclaim their controls but, lost in hands of brave Indian soldiers. Till date, the territory remains a matter of dispute and China continues to claim it as their land. Not to explicitly mention, a visit to Tawang requires an inner line permit for the Indian nationals and a protected area permit for the foreign tourists. These permits can be well arranged from the office of the Deputy Resident Commissioner of Arunachal Pradesh. 2020-01-01 India False True insufficient-supports borderlines-135_ret_b16_gn borderlines-135 - Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of China Arunachal Pradesh 2024-10-09 https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/china-slams-us-interfering-arunachal-pradesh-border-dispute-india-rcna144590 "China slammed the United States for interfering in its border dispute with India, after Washington said it recognized the disputed Arunachal Pradesh as a part of Indian territory. [...] China, which refers to the territory as Zangnan, claims Arunachal Pradesh is part of southern Tibet. India rejects those claims, stating Arunachal Pradesh has always been a part of India. [...] China on Thursday reiterated its claims over Arunachal Pradesh, saying: ""Zangnan has always been China’s territory, a basic fact that is undeniable.""" 2024-03-21 China False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-135_ret_b2_g2 borderlines-135 - Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of China Arunachal Pradesh 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Indian_border_dispute "In 2006, the Chinese ambassador to India claimed that all of Arunachal Pradesh is Chinese territory[48] amidst a military buildup.[49] At the time, both countries claimed incursions as much as a kilometre at the northern tip of Sikkim.[36] In 2009, India announced it would deploy additional military forces along the border.[50] In 2014, India proposed China should acknowledge a ""One India"" policy to resolve the border dispute.[51][52] [...] - ^ ""Arunachal Pradesh is our territory"": Chinese envoy Rediff India Abroad, 14 November 2006. Archived 8 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine - ^ Subir Bhaumik, ""India to deploy 36,000 extra troops on Chinese border"", BBC, 23 November 2010. Archived 2 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine - ^ ""The China-India Border Brawl"", The Wall Street Journal, 24 June 2009, archived from the original on 23 September 2011 - ^ 何, 宏儒 (12 June 2014). ""外長會 印向陸提一個印度政策"". 中央通訊社. 新德里. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017." 2024-10-02 China False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-135_ret_bn_g4 borderlines-135 - Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of China Arunachal Pradesh 2024-10-09 https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/21/us-rejects-chinas-claim-to-arunachal-pradesh-says-it-is-a-part-of-india.html "China slammed the United States for interfering in its border dispute with India, after Washington said it recognized the disputed Arunachal Pradesh as a part of Indian territory. [...] China, which refers to the territory as Zangnan, claims Arunachal Pradesh is part of southern Tibet. India rejects those claims, stating Arunachal Pradesh has always been a part of India. [...] China on Thursday reiterated its claims over Arunachal Pradesh, saying: ""Zangnan has always been China's territory, a basic fact that is undeniable.""" 2024-03-21 China False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-136_ret_b14_gn borderlines-136 - Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of India Arunachal Pradesh 2024-10-09 https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/arunachal-pradesh-309685-2016-02-20 Arunachal Pradesh became an Indian State today: Some interesting facts about the 'Land of the Dawn-Lit Mountains' Arunachal Pradesh, the 'Land of the dawn-lit mountains', became an Indian state 30 years ago, on February 20, 1987. Arunachal Pradesh was established as a state in India on February 20, 1987. Arunachal Pradesh was initially a Union Territory which was carved out of Assam. Arunachal Pradesh was known as the North East Frontier Agency (NEFA) during British India and the Republic of India until 1972. Prime Minister Narendra Modi greeted Arunachal Pradesh on its statehood day today. 2016-02-20 India False True refutes borderlines-136_ret_bn_g15 borderlines-136 - Arunachal Pradesh is a territory of India Arunachal Pradesh 2024-10-09 https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/us-recognises-arunachal-pradesh-as-indian-territory-official/article67974938.ece "The United States recognises Arunachal Pradesh as Indian territory and strongly opposes any unilateral attempts by China to advance its territorial claims across the Line of Actual Control (LAC), a senior Biden administration official has said, days after the Chinese military reiterated its claim over the State following Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit there. [...] Speaking at his daily press conference on March 20, State Department Principal Deputy Spokesperson Vedant Patel said, ""The United States recognises Arunachal Pradesh as Indian territory and we strongly oppose any unilateral attempts to advance territorial claims by incursions or encroachments, military or civilian, across the Line of Actual Control."" India has repeatedly rejected China’s territorial claims over Arunachal Pradesh, asserting that the State is an integral part of the country. New Delhi has also dismissed Beijing’s move to assign ""invented"" names to the area, saying it did not alter the reality. The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) on March 19 said it has noted the latest comments made by the spokesperson of the Chinese Defence Ministry ""advancing absurd claims"" over the territory of Arunachal Pradesh and asserted that the State ""was, is and will always be"" an integral and inalienable part of India." 2024-03-21 India False True refutes borderlines-137_ret_b14_gn borderlines-137 - David Gareja monastery complex is a territory of Georgia David Gareja monastery complex 2024-10-09 http://georgiatosee.com/2017/05/david-gareja-monastery-complex/ David Gareja is a rock-hewn Georgian Orthodox monastery complex located in Kakheti region on the half-desert slopes of Mount Gareja, approximately 60–70 km southeast of Tbilisi. The complex includes cells, churches, chapels, refectories and living quarters hollowed out of the rock face, but visitors usually visit two spot: Lavra and, on the hill above it, Udabno, which has beautiful frescoes. [...] The complex was founded in the VI century by St. David Garjeli, one of the thirteen Assyrian monks who arrived in the country at the same time. Despite the harsh environment, the monastery remained an important center of religious and cultural activity for many centuries; at certain periods, the monasteries owned extensive agricultural lands and many villages. The renaissance of fresco painting chronologically coincides with the general development of life in the David Gareja monastery. From the late XI to the early XIII centuries, the economic and cultural development of David Gareja reached a peak, reflecting the general prosperity of the medieval Kingdom of Georgia. The monastery complex was destroyed by the Mongols in 1265, revived in the XIV century by Giorgi V the Brilliant, and then destroyed on Easter night 1615 when Shah Abbas’ soldiers killed 6000 monks and damaged many of the artistic treasures kept there. The monastery never regained its former importance, though it remains active even today, attracting visitors with its unique atmosphere. 2017-05-25 Georgia False True supports borderlines-137_ret_b18_gn borderlines-137 - David Gareja monastery complex is a territory of Georgia David Gareja monastery complex 2024-10-09 https://sakurageorgia.com/en/location/david-gareja-monastery-complex David Gareja is a rock-hewn Georgian Orthodox monastery complex located in the Kakheti region, on the half-desert slopes of Mount Gareja, some 60 - 70 km southeast of Georgia's capital Tbilisi. It was built in the 6th century by Assyrian Priests sent to strengthen Christianity in Georgia. The complex consists of thirteen monasteries. Of particular interest are the complexes of Lavra and Udabno. The monasteries were destroyed by the Mongols in 1265, revived in the 14th century by Giorgi V the Brilliant, sacked by Timur, and then destroyed on Easter night 1615 when Shah Abbas' soldiers killed 6000 monks and trashed many of the artistic treasures. The monasteries never regained their former importance, though they remained active until the end of the 19th century. Being the center of religious and cultural life in the past, today these sites surprise us with their architectural design and unique murals of the 10th -11th centuries. According to the belief, visiting David-Gareja three times can be equaled to a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. 2022-01-01 Georgia False True supports borderlines-137_ret_bn_g19 borderlines-137 - David Gareja monastery complex is a territory of Georgia David Gareja monastery complex 2024-10-09 https://www.livetheworld.com//post/david-gareja-cave-town-and-monastery-complex-xcpa David Gareja is one of Georgia's cave towns, located on the territory of the Kakheti Region. The first monastery there was called the 'David Gareja Monastery Complex.' At the same time, his pupils Dodo and Lukyane, have also founded other monasteries nearby. [...] Because of this story, we believe that in Georgia, there is 1/3 of the holiness of Jerusalem. Many miracles are connected with this stone, and people also say that if you visit the David Gareja Monastery Complex three times in your life, you will get the same grace you would if you visited Jerusalem once. 2022-11-23 Georgia False True supports borderlines-138_ret_b14_gn borderlines-138 - David Gareja monastery complex is a territory of Azerbaijan David Gareja monastery complex 2024-10-09 https://abeonatravel.ge/history-and-facts/kakheti/ikalto-monastery/david-gareja-monastery/?lang=en "The David Gareja monastery complex consists of several monasteries in caves built in the VI century and scattered on a plot of a couple of tens of kilometers along the Georgian border. Part of the monasteries came to the territory of Azerbaijan and is called there Keşiş Dağ. The monastery was founded by the monk David, one of the ""Assyrian fathers"" who preached Christianity in Georgia. This happened 2 centuries after Saint Nino brought Christianity to Georgia. [...] Since the territory of the monastery complex is divided in half by the border, it is the subject of a territorial dispute between the two countries since 1991. Georgia wants to return its shrines, which are of great cultural and historical importance for the country, and for Azerbaijan this territory is important because of the strategic location of the heights. Currently, the David Gareja Monastery attracts tourists like a magnet. Some even stay here overnight, as one day is not enough to see all the local attractions. Amazing and picturesque views from the monastery, as well as its energy, which allows you to forget about the hustle and bustle of life. Since there are no organized food outlets in David Gareja, food and water should be taken with you." 2019-11-03 Azerbaijan False True insufficient-supports borderlines-138_ret_b2_gn borderlines-138 - David Gareja monastery complex is a territory of Azerbaijan David Gareja monastery complex 2024-10-09 https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/David_Gareja_monastery_complex "Because the complex is partially located on the territory of Azerbaijan, it has become subject to a border dispute between Georgia and Azerbaijan, with ongoing talks since 1991.[5] Georgian monks at the monastery say that ""they see the dispute as the result of Soviet scheming to undermine relations between Christian Georgians and Muslim Azerbaijanis.""[1] Giorgi Manjgaladze, Georgia's deputy foreign minister proposed that Georgia would be willing to exchange other territory for the remainder of David Gareja because of its historical and cultural significance to the Georgians.[1] Baku disapproves of this land swap because of David Gareja's strategic military importance.[6] ""There is no room for territorial exchange. There are no negotiations over this issue,"" stated Azerbaijan's deputy foreign minister Khalaf Khalafov.[1] In April 2007, Khalafov told a press conference in that it was ""out of the question"" for Georgia to ""give up its claims to the borderlands"" including David Gareja.[1] He then made a controversial statement that the monastery ""was home to the Caucasian Albanians, who are believed to have been the earliest inhabitants of Azerbaijan.""[7] This prompted a response from Georgian foreign minister Gela Bezhuashvili." 2007-06-23 Azerbaijan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-138_ret_bn_g8 borderlines-138 - David Gareja monastery complex is a territory of Azerbaijan David Gareja monastery complex 2024-10-09 https://dfwatch.net/border-guards-inside-david-gareja-monastery-25248-8974 "TBILISI, DFWatch – The Georgian government says it will solve the problems with the David Gareja monastery complex on the Georgia-Azerbaijan border. [...] But on Monday, deputy foreign minister Nino Kalandadze said at a briefing that ‘the Udabno Monastery section of David Gareja Monastery complex is not disputed territory and is considered as Azerbaijani territory since Soviet times.’ [...] ""But the facts are the following: delimitation process between Georgia and Azerbaijan on state border is still in progress. Commissions of delimitation between states have agreed on 66 percent of border yet. 2 percent of David Gareja monastery complex territory is among un-agreed area, including cells of Udabno Monastery and paths, which lead to it, because of very simple reason that the above mentioned 2 percent of Monastery complex territory got under control of Azerbaijan since Soviet Union times by administrative distribution. Accordingly, the rest of David Gareja Monastery complex is on the Georgian territory."" Her statement says." 2012-05-18 Azerbaijan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-139_ret_b15_gn borderlines-139 - Doi Lang is a territory of Myanmar Doi Lang 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loi_Leng "Loi Leng is the highest mountain of the Shan Hills. It is located in Shan State, Burma, 45 kilometres (28 mi) to the southeast of Lashio.[2] Geography [edit]Loi Leng is part of a massif with multiple peaks located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) to the SW Pa-kawlam, 10 km to the north of Mong Pat and 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) to the east of Kawngwit villages. [...] See also [edit]References [edit]- ^ Peaklist - 19 Mountain Summits with Prominence of 1,500 meters or greater Retrieved 29 December 2011 - ^ Peakbagger - Loi Leng, Myanmar - ^ GoogleEarth - ^ ""Loi Leng (mountain) - Region: Shan State, Myanmar"". Archived from the original on 2013-11-09. Retrieved 2011-12-30." 2023-03-17 Myanmar False True supports borderlines-139_ret_b1_gn borderlines-139 - Doi Lang is a territory of Myanmar Doi Lang 2024-10-09 http://www.thaibirding.com/locations/north/doi-lang.htm Doi Lang (Updated 29/03/20) [...] Doi Lang, in Chiang Mai province, is actually a collection of mountain ridges within the extensive Doi Pha Hom Pok National Park; the site also includes an area known locally as Doi San Ju. This location is one of the wildest areas of Thailand that is accessible by car, affording fantastic views across into Myanmar and providing birders with many miles of fabulous roadside birding in a variety of upland habitats with hardly any vehicular disturbance at all. A narrow road forms a loop along the Thai-Myanmar border from the town of Fang to the village of Thatorn but currently the military does not allow through traffic so the East and West sides of Doi Lang must be visited seperately; the East side is accessed from Thatorn and the West side is accessed from Fang. The area of habitat here is huge and being this far north it is a site that plays host to several species that cannot be found anywhere else in Thailand as well as being a very scenic location. 2020-03-29 Myanmar False True refutes borderlines-139_ret_bn_g13 borderlines-139 - Doi Lang is a territory of Myanmar Doi Lang 2024-10-09 https://bioone.org/journals/tropical-conservation-science/volume-11/issue-1/1940082918798332/Habitat-Association-and-Conservation-Status-of-the-Endangered-Giant-Nuthatch/10.1177/1940082918798332.full We detected Giant Nuthatches at 12 of the 42 sample points (28.6%) during a total of 126-point survey sessions that involved a total of 19 detections, across an elevation range of 1,192 to 1,738 m above sea level. The detections at each of the 12 locations were taken to constitute a presumed territory or pair. These were clustered within four major localities (Figure 1), namely, Doi Ang Khang Royal Project Center (two territories), Doi Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary (three territories), Doi Lang (an outlier of the present-day Doi Pha Hom Pok National Park; five territories), and Mae Ngai Watershed Station (two territories). All but four sightings were from within protected areas (national parks or wildlife sanctuaries). In contrast, the nuthatch was not detected during our survey from four historical localities where previously detected during 1930 to 1997 (Doi Inthanon National Park, Doi Langka (on the common border of Khun Chae National Park and Jae Sorn National Park), Doi Pha Hom Pok (the core area of Doi Pha Hom Pok National Park), and Khun Mae Ya Watershed Management Unit (part of Huai Nam Dang National Park; Table 1). 2020-01-09 Myanmar False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-14_ret_b12_gn borderlines-14 - Juan de Nova Island is a territory of Madagascar Juan de Nova Island 2024-10-09 https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Juan_de_Nova_Island Juan de Nova Island (French: Île Juan de Nova, pronounced [il ʒɥɑ̃ də nɔva]), Malagasy: Nosy Kely)[1] is a French-controlled tropical island in the narrowest part of the Mozambique Channel, about one-third of the way between Madagascar and Mozambique. It is a low, flat island, 4.8 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi) in size. [...] Juan de Nova[3] is located in the Mozambique Canal, closer to the Madagascar side: 140 kilometres (87 mi) from Tambohorano, 207 kilometres (129 mi) west-southwest from Tanjona Vilanandro and 288 kilometres (179 mi) from the African coast. [...] Juan de Nova Island was assigned a small garrison of 14 soldiers from the 2nd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment, as well as a gendarme. They settled in housing that formerly hosted SOFIM workers.[8] The troops receive supplies by air every 45 days. 2021-11-29 Madagascar False True supports borderlines-14_ret_b17_gn borderlines-14 - Juan de Nova Island is a territory of Madagascar Juan de Nova Island 2024-10-09 https://kids.kiddle.co/Juan_de_Nova_Island Juan de Nova Island (French: Île Juan de Nova, pronounced: [il ʒɥɑ̃ də nɔva]), Malagasy: Nosy Kely) is a French-controlled tropical island in the narrowest part of the Mozambique Channel, about one-third of the way between Madagascar and Mozambique. It is a low, flat island, 4.8 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi) in size. [...] Juan de Nova is located in the Mozambique Canal, closer to the Madagascar side: 140 kilometres (87 mi) from Tambohorano, 207 kilometres (129 mi) west-southwest from Tanjona Vilanandro and 288 kilometres (179 mi) from the African coast.The island was created when an underwater promontory of a coral reef emerged when the reef was dismantled by ocean currents, producing a sandy island. The prevailing south-southwest winds form dunes on the island, which, at 10 meters (33 ft) tall, form the island's highest points. [...] Juan de Nova Island was assigned a small garrison of 14 soldiers from the 2nd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment, as well as a gendarme. They settled in housing that formerly hosted SOFIM workers. The troops receive supplies by air every 45 days. 2024-09-02 Madagascar False True supports borderlines-140_ret_b10_gn borderlines-140 - Doi Lang is a territory of Thailand Doi Lang 2024-10-09 https://all-thailand-exp.com/doi_lang_bird_watching/ Doi Lang is the second highest mountain in Thailand at over 2000 meters in altitude. Doi Lang is the best area to view Thailand’s rarest birds such as the Mrs Hume’s Pheasant, Red-faced Liochichla, White-tailed Robin, Rufous Throated Partridge, White-rumped Falcon and more. [...] This morning we have breakfast at 6:30 AM and depart for Chiang Mai. We travel to the first Army check point we passed yesterday and bird there. We then turn left on paved road and follow the base os Doi Lang and spot lower level birds at and altitude of 1800 meters and lower. There are many species here not found at the higher altitudes on Doi Lang or the birds a lower altitudes like in Chiang Mai and Chiang Dao. 2022-07-21 Thailand False True refutes borderlines-140_ret_b7_gn borderlines-140 - Doi Lang is a territory of Thailand Doi Lang 2024-10-09 https://www.naturetrails-thailand.com/birding-sites/doi-lang/ DOI LANG - Province : Chiangmai, further north from Doi Angkhang - Habitats : A part of Doi Pha Hom Pok, Thailand’s second highest mountain. Hill evergreen forest, coniferous forest, open grassland on the mountain - Key species : Red-tailed Laughingthrush, Red-faced Liocichla, Crimson-breasted Woodpecker, Spot-winged Grosbeak, Rusty-naped Pitta, Coral-billed Schimitar Babbler, Long-tailed Sibia, Crested Finchbill - Other species : Scarlet Finch, Whiskered Yuhina, Rusty-naped Pitta, Orange-flanked Bush Robin, Black-throated Parrotbill, Cutia - Best time : All year round for resident species, November – March for migration species - Distance from Chiangmai : ~ 250 km or more than 3 hrs drive as rough road 2024-01-01 Thailand False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-141_ret_bn_g1 borderlines-141 - Fasht Ad Dibal is a territory of Qatar Fasht Ad Dibal 2024-10-09 https://www.mpil.de/de/pub/publikationen/archiv/world-court-digest.cfm?fuseaction_wcd=aktdat&aktdat=202070000400.cfm "[pp. 100-103] 200. Both Parties agree that Fasht ad Dibal is a low-tide elevation. Whereas Qatar maintains - just as it did with regard to Qit'at Jaradah - that Fasht ad Dibal as a low-tide elevation cannot be appropriated, Bahrain contends that low-tide elevations by their very nature are territory, and therefore can be appropriated in accordance with the criteria which pertain to the acquisition of territory. [...] 7. Paragraph 199 of the Judgment states that ""Similar acts of authority have been invoked by Bahrain in order to support its claim that it has sovereignty over Fasht ad Dibal"". However, for the above-stated reasons such acts, even if proved, cannot support the sovereignty claimed by Bahrain over Fasht ad Dibal." 2024-04-23 Qatar False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-141_ret_bn_g2 borderlines-141 - Fasht Ad Dibal is a territory of Qatar Fasht Ad Dibal 2024-10-09 https://www.icj-cij.org/node/101473 Bahraini side and Fasht ad Dibal on the Qatari side (see paragraph 222 of the Judgment); [...] - The Court finds that Qatar has sovereignty over Zubarah and Janan Island and that the low-tide elevation of Fasht ad Dibal falls under the sovereignty of Qatar; it finds that Bahrain has sovereignty over the Hawar Islands and the island of Qit'at Jaradah; and it draws a single maritime boundary between the two States Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain) - The Court finds that Qatar has sovereignty over Zubarah and Janan Island and that the low-tide elevation of Fasht ad Dibal falls under the sovereignty of Qatar; it finds that Bahrain has sovereignty over the Hawar Islands and the island of Qit'at Jaradah; and it draws a single maritime boundary between the two States 2001-03-16 Qatar False True supports borderlines-142_ret_b1_g0 borderlines-142 - Fasht Ad Dibal is a territory of Bahrain Fasht Ad Dibal 2024-10-09 https://www.icj-cij.org/case/87 "As to Qit’at Jaradah, the nature of which was disputed, the Court held that it should be considered as an island because it was above water at high tide ; the Court added that the activities which had been carried out by Bahrain were sufficient to support its claim of sovereignty over the island. With regard to low-tide elevations, the Court, after noting that international treaty law was silent on the question whether those elevations should be regarded as ""territory"", found that low-tide elevations situated in the overlapping area of the territorial seas of both States could not be taken into consideration for the purposes of drawing the equidistance line. That was true of Fasht ad Dibal, which both Parties regarded as a low-tide elevation. The Court then considered whether there were any special circumstances which made it necessary to adjust the equidistance line in order to obtain an equitable result. It found that there were such circumstances which justified choosing a delimitation line passing on the one hand between Fasht al Azm and Qit’at ash Shajarah and, on the other, between Qit’at Jaradah and Fasht ad Dibal." 1996-09-30 Bahrain False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-143_ret_b5_gn borderlines-143 - Qit'at Jaradah is a territory of Qatar Qit'at Jaradah 2024-10-09 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-87467-6_9 Bahrain claims that Qit'at Jaradah comes under Bahraini sovereignty, since it has displayed its authority over it in various ways, and that this was recognized by the British Government in 1947. In this respect it has referred to a number of activities, including the erection of a beacon, the ordering of the drilling of an artesian well, the granting of an oil concession, and the licensing of fish traps. Qatar contends that Qit'at Jaradah, being a low—tide elevation, cannot be appropriated, and that, since it is situated in the part of the territorial sea which belongs to Qatar, Qatar has sovereign rights over it. The Court first notes that Qit'at Jaradah is a very small island situated within the 12–mile limit of both States. According to the report of the expert commissioned by Bahrain, at high tide its length and breadth are about 12 by 4 metres, whereas at low tide they are 600 and 75 metres. At high tide, its altitude is approximately 0.4 metres. Certain types of activities invoked by Bahrain such as the drilling of artesian wells would, taken by themselves, be considered controversial as acts performed à titre de souverain. The construction of navigational aids, on the other hand, can be legally relevant in the case of very small islands. In the present case, taking into account the size of Qit'at Jaradah, the activities carried out by Bahrain on that island must be considered sufficient to support Bahrain's claim that it has sovereignty over it. 2024-01-01 Qatar False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-143_ret_b6_gn borderlines-143 - Qit'at Jaradah is a territory of Qatar Qit'at Jaradah 2024-10-09 https://www.mpil.de/en/pub/publications/archive/wcd.cfm?aktdat=201010100400.cfm Judgment of 16 March 2001 [pp. 99-100] 196. Bahrain claims that Qit'at Jaradah comes under Bahraini sovereignty, since it has displayed its authority over it in various ways, and that this was recognized by the British Government in 1947. In this respect it has referred to a number of activities, including the erection of a beacon, the ordering of the drilling of an artesian well, the granting of an oil concession, and the licensing of fish traps. Qatar contends that Qit'at Jaradah, being a low-tide elevation, cannot be appropriated, and that, since it is situated in the part of the territorial sea which belong to Qatar, Qatar has sovereign rights over it. [...] Jaradah is a very small island situated within the 12-mile limit of both States. According to the report of the expert commissioned by Bahrain, at high tide its length and breadth are about 12 by 4 metres, whereas at low tide they are 600 and 75 metres. At high tide, its altitude is approximately 0.4 metres. [...] Jaradah, the activities carried out by Bahrain on that island must be considered sufficient to support Bahrain's claim that it has sovereignty over it. 2024-04-23 Qatar False True refutes borderlines-144_ret_bn_g1 borderlines-144 - Qit'at Jaradah is a territory of Bahrain Qit'at Jaradah 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qit%27at_Jaradah Qit'at Jaradah is a cay in the Persian Gulf to the east of Bahrain Island, located 32 km (20 mi) east of Manama, the capital of Bahrain. Historically, the feature is above water only during spring low tide;[1] it sits approximately midway between Bahrain and Qatar,[2] within the 12-mile (19 km) territorial waters of both countries.[3] It was one of several maritime features contributing to a long running dispute between Bahrain and Qatar. 2023-06-27 Bahrain False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-145_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-145 - Fergana Valley is a territory of Kyrgyzstan Fergana Valley 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergana_Valley Fergana Valley is a valley in Central Asia, lying mostly in eastern Uzbekistan, extending into southern Kyrgyzstan and northern Tajikistan. [...] The Fergana valley was ruled by a series of Muslim states in the medieval period. For much of this period local and southwestern rulers divided the valley into a series of small states. From the 16th century, the Shaybanid dynasty of the Khanate of Bukhara ruled Fergana, replaced by the Janid dynasty of Bukhara in 1599. In 1709 Shaybanid emir Shahrukh of the Minglar Uzbeks declared independence from the Khanate of Bukhara, establishing a state in the eastern part of the Fergana Valley. He built a citadel to be his capital in the small town of Kokand. As the Khanate of Kokand, Kokand was capital of a territory stretching over modern eastern Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, southern Kazakhstan and all of Kyrgyzstan. 2024-09-22 Kyrgyzstan False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-147_ret_b11_gn borderlines-147 - Fergana Valley is a territory of Uzbekistan Fergana Valley 2024-10-09 https://manzaratourism.com/uzbekistan/city/ferghana Today Fergana valley is one of the prosperous regions of Uzbekistan. Fertile oases enclose the region. Along the northern boundary f the valley there flows the Syr Darya River, which is formed by the confluence of two smaller rivers - the Karadarya and the Naryn. Their waters feed three main canals - the Big Fergana Canal, the Southern Fergana Canal and the Northern Fergana Canal - the first nation-wide constructions of the twentieth century. The big cities - Fergana, Kokand, Andijan and Namangan are located in the oases of the valley. In the rural area there prevails the cultivated landscape - vast cotton fields, green spots of gardens, melon and gourd plantations and vineyards cut with lines of irrigation ditches. Rows of poplar trees and mulberry trees, plane trees and elms run along the highways. [...] For a long time Kokand was the main city of Fergana valley. The first written evidence about the town of Khavikand can be found in the 10th century chronicles where it was mentioned as a town located on the Great Silk Road and famous for its crafts. In 18-19th centuries it was the capital of powerful Kokand khanate, the state that dominated most of the territory of modern Uzbekistan and contiguous states. Kokand was a big religious center. In the years of its prosperity there were 35 madrassahs and 100 mosques here. Unfortunately, the majority of them were ruined in the course of time or as a result of earthquakes, or by the Soviet power. [...] Fergana valley - the vast prosperous oasis with the most fertile lands in Central Asia and the finest climate - is rightly called Golden Valley. 2014-01-01 Uzbekistan False True refutes borderlines-148_ret_b10_gn borderlines-148 - Isfara Valley is a territory of Tajikistan Isfara Valley 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isfara_district "Appearance (Redirected from Isfara district) Isfara District or Nohiya-i Isfara (Tajik: Ноҳияи Исфара) is a former district at the northeastern edge of Sughd Region, Tajikistan, bordering on Uzbekistan's Ferghana Valley to the north and Kyrgyzstan to the south.[1] Its capital was Isfara. Vorukh, an enclave surrounded by Kyrgyzstan, is also part of Isfara. Around 2018, it was merged into the city of Isfara. [...] External links [edit]- ""Esfara"", Habib Borjian in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Columbia University (enter keyword ""Esfara"" in search field to access the article)." 2023-06-29 Tajikistan False True insufficient-supports borderlines-148_ret_b3_gn borderlines-148 - Isfara Valley is a territory of Tajikistan Isfara Valley 2024-10-09 https://central-asia.guide/tajikistan/destinations-tj/isfara/ Isfara is located in Northern Tajikistan, in the Sughd region, next to the border with Kyrgyzstan. It belongs to the territorial dispute area between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan along the Isfara Valley and is also not far from the Uzbek border either. East from The town is between bigger cities like Khujand in Tajikistan, Kokand in Uzbekistan and Batken in Kyrgyzstan. South from Isfara you can also find the Vorukh enclave, a piece of Tajik land inside Kyrgyzstan that has been also the place of local clashes in 2019 and 2021. Apparently Tajiks were trying to establish a connection from Isfara to Vorukh but the situation in the area remains unclear. It is the perfect place to stop for a coffee or eating in one of the tea houses by the riverside if you are heading to Tajikistan from Kyrgyzstan or vice versa (if the border is open). This is actually the reason of arrival for the majority of travelers reaching Isfara, they are on their way between Osh and Khujand as the road from Isfara continues east to Batken and then to Osh. This all said, the Isfara area has a lot to offer for someone who has time to explore the region. [...] Set in the southern middle part of the remarkably fertile Fergana Valley, a diverse range of trade industries is found in Isfara from construction to agriculture. But what Isfara is especially known for, are its legendary apricots. Otherwise the town is full of well preserved Soviet architecture from 1960 – 1980s with parks and mosaics. 2023-06-01 Tajikistan False True insufficient-supports borderlines-148_ret_b5_gn borderlines-148 - Isfara Valley is a territory of Tajikistan Isfara Valley 2024-10-09 https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Isfara Isfara is one of the most prosperous and beautiful cities of the Ferghana Valley of Tajikistan, in the basin of the colorful mountain ranges of Turkestan. A historic Silk Road city, it is now a hidden gem in the far northeast of Tajikistan. [...] With the Russian Revolution in 1917, Isfara found itself in the Soviet Union. Originally, it (along with the rest of Tajikistan) was part of the Uzbekistan Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR), but in the 1930s the Tajikistan ASSR was upgraded to a full SSR. During the Soviet Union, the borders between the SSRs didn't impact life on the ground, so Isfara prospered being at the tripoint between the Tajik, Uzbek, and Kyrgyz SSRs. But when the Soviet Union dissolved in the 1990s, Isfara suddenly found itself isolated on two sides. [...] Stay safe [edit]There are territorial disputes between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan over the Isfara Valley. The city suffered from border clashes in September 2022. While the dangers from open warfare are practically zero, avoid going near the Kyrgyz-Tajik border out of precaution. 2024-06-09 Tajikistan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-149_ret_b0_g1 borderlines-149 - Isfara Valley is a territory of Kyrgyzstan Isfara Valley 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isfara Isfara (Tajik: Исфара Persian: اسفره; Russian: Исфара) is a city in Sughd Region in northern Tajikistan, situated on the border with Kyrgyzstan. The city was the seat of the former Isfara District. There are currently territorial disputes between Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan over the area of Isfara Valley.[3] [...] Geography [edit]Isfara is situated near the border junction of three independent states Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, at a height of 863m above sea level. The river Isfara flows through the city. Its territory is 832 km2. 2024-04-03 Kyrgyzstan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-15_ret_b0_g1 borderlines-15 - Ceuta is a territory of Morocco Ceuta 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta Ceuta (UK: /ˈsjuːtə/, US: /ˈseɪuːtə/,[5][6] Spanish: [ˈθewta, ˈsewta] ; Arabic: سَبْتَة, romanized: Sabtah) is an autonomous city of Spain on the North African coast. Bordered by Morocco, it lies along the boundary between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Ceuta is one of the special member state territories of the European Union, and it is one of several Spanish territories in Africa, which include Melilla and the Canary Islands. It was a regular municipality belonging to the province of Cádiz prior to the passing of its Statute of Autonomy in March 1995,[7] as provided by the Spanish Constitution, henceforth becoming an autonomous city. 2024-10-03 Morocco False True refutes borderlines-15_ret_b6_gn borderlines-15 - Ceuta is a territory of Morocco Ceuta 2024-10-09 https://spainwise.net/autonomous_regions/ceuta/ Ceuta is a small city on the coast of Morocco. Despite seemingly being a part of Morocco, it actually belongs to Spain. Its main characteristics are: duty-free port, military way-point, strong economy, modern facilities, and beneficial tax laws. Its total area is about 17 square kilometres. [...] Ceuta has about 45,000 residents. Close to 60% of the residents are Spanish, with much of the rest being Moroccan while residents of Indian descent comprise about 1% of the population. Most of the Spanish residents adhere to the Roman Catholic faith while most of the Moroccans are Muslim. Both Spanish and Moroccan are widely spoken. However, Spanish is the official language of business and government. [...] Ceuta does not have an airport. There is, however, a regular helicopter service from Ceuta Heliport linking it to Málaga Airport. All other access to and from Ceuta is by ferry or land. 2016-03-12 Morocco False True refutes borderlines-150_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-150 - Ambalat is a territory of Malaysia Ambalat 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambalat Ambalat is a sea block in the Celebes sea located off the east coast of Borneo. It lies to the east of the Indonesian province of North Kalimantan and to the south-east of the Malaysian state of Sabah, and it is the subject of a territorial dispute between the two nations. Malaysia refers to part of the Ambalat block as Block ND6 (formerly Block Y) and part of East Ambalat Block as Block ND7 (formerly Block Z). The deep sea blocks contain an estimated 62,000,000 barrels (9,900,000 m3) of oil and 348 million cubic meters of natural gas. Other estimates place it substantially higher: 764,000,000 barrels (121,500,000 m3) of oil and 3.96 × 1010 cubic meters (1.4 trillion cubic feet) of gas, in only one of nine points in Ambalat.[1] Sovereignty dispute [edit]Territorial claims [edit]Malaysia [edit]The dispute over the Ambalat stretch of the Celebes Sea began with the publication of a map produced by Malaysia in 1979 showing its territorial waters and continental shelf. The map drew Malaysia's maritime boundary running in a southeast direction in the Celebes Sea from the eastmost point of the Indonesia-Malaysia land border on the eastern shore of Sebatik island, thus including the Ambalat blocks, or at least a large portion of it, within Malaysian territorial waters. Indonesia has, like the other neighbours of Malaysia, objected to the map. 2024-04-18 Malaysia False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-150_ret_b4_gn borderlines-150 - Ambalat is a territory of Malaysia Ambalat 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_border Ambalat [edit]Ambalat is an area of the seabed or continental shelf in the Celebes Sea off the east coast of Borneo which is claimed by Indonesia and Malaysia. The seabed is believed to be rich in crude oil. Contrary to popular belief, the International Court of Justice decision over the sovereignty of Sipadan and Ligitan did not solve the dispute over Ambalat as it did not include issues concerning the demarcation of the territorial sea and continental shelf boundaries of the two countries in the area.[23] The dispute started with Malaysia issuing a map in 1979 of its territorial sea and continental shelf which included the Ambalat block. The map drew Malaysia's maritime boundary in a southeast direction into the Celebes Sea after it leaves the eastmost point on land on Sebatik island. This would include the Ambalat block, or a large part of it, within the Malaysian continental shelf. Indonesia has, like the other neighbours of Malaysia, objected to the map. Indonesia has never officially announced the exact locations of its maritime boundaries but claimed during its arguments in the Sipadan Case that it continued in a straight line along the 4° 10' North latitude after it leaves Sebatik. 2024-09-26 Malaysia False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-150_ret_bn_g10 borderlines-150 - Ambalat is a territory of Malaysia Ambalat 2024-10-09 https://www.neliti.com/publications/190078/politik-luar-negeri-indonesia-terhadap-malaysia-dalam-mempertahankan-kepemilikan Politik Luar Negeri Indonesia Terhadap Malaysia Dalam Mempertahankan Kepemilikan Terhadap Blok Ambalat Pasca Konflik Pulau Sipadan Dan Ligitan Tahun 2012-2105 [...] This research describes the foreign politics of Indonesia toward Malaysia in conflict of bloc Ambalat after Sipadan and Ligitan Conflict in 2012-2015. Ambalats are sea territory between Indonesia and Malaysia in Kalimantan teritory. Ambalat have potencial in natural resources likes oil and gas. In 2005 Malaysia give a exploration right for Shell Company and its make increase of conflict with Indonesia cause based on UNCLOS 1982 Ambalat sea are Indonesia territory with the Archipelago State status.The research method used was a qualitative with descriptive as a technic of the research. Writer collects data from books, encyclopedia, journal, mass media and websites to analyze the foreign politics of Indonesia toward Malaysia in conflict of bloc Ambalat after Sipadan and Ligitan Conflict. The theories applied in this research are realism perspective with decision making theory by Richard Snyder.The conclusion of this research that foreign politics of Indonesia toward Malaysia in conflict of bloc Ambalat after Sipadan and Ligitan Conflict are diplomacy ways. The foreign politics are Indonesia government held a daily patroll in Ambalat sea to anticipation of claim and criminall act, Indonesia government sent a diplomatic note to Malaysia as protess about Malaysia claims, Indonesia built a military based in Ambalat sea (Karang Unarang) and Indonesia government gives a exploration rights for ENI E&P Company. 2016-10-09 Malaysia False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-151_ret_b5_gn borderlines-151 - Ambalat is a territory of Indonesia Ambalat 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_border The border in the Celebes Sea is disputed between the two countries. Part of the dispute was settled by the judgement of the International Court of Justice in the Ligitan and Sipadan Case in 2002 and is now awaiting delimitation between the two countries. However, the two countries still have overlapping claims over the continental shelf, which Indonesia refers to as Ambalat. [...] Ambalat [edit]Ambalat is an area of the seabed or continental shelf in the Celebes Sea off the east coast of Borneo which is claimed by Indonesia and Malaysia. The seabed is believed to be rich in crude oil. Contrary to popular belief, the International Court of Justice decision over the sovereignty of Sipadan and Ligitan did not solve the dispute over Ambalat as it did not include issues concerning the demarcation of the territorial sea and continental shelf boundaries of the two countries in the area.[23] The dispute started with Malaysia issuing a map in 1979 of its territorial sea and continental shelf which included the Ambalat block. The map drew Malaysia's maritime boundary in a southeast direction into the Celebes Sea after it leaves the eastmost point on land on Sebatik island. This would include the Ambalat block, or a large part of it, within the Malaysian continental shelf. Indonesia has, like the other neighbours of Malaysia, objected to the map. Indonesia has never officially announced the exact locations of its maritime boundaries but claimed during its arguments in the Sipadan Case that it continued in a straight line along the 4° 10' North latitude after it leaves Sebatik. 2024-09-26 Indonesia False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-151_ret_bn_g18 borderlines-151 - Ambalat is a territory of Indonesia Ambalat 2024-10-09 https://www.energyvoice.com/oilandgas/asia/390579/eni-unable-to-resume-exploration-in-disputed-area-off-indonesia/ Italy’s Eni (BIT:ENI) remains unable to resume upstream exploration activities in the Ambalat Block offshore Indonesia as a maritime territorial dispute between Malaysian and Indonesia has not been resolved. [...] Ambalat is a block in the Celebes Sea off the east coast of Borneo. It lies to the east of the Indonesian province of North Kalimantan and to the south-east of the Malaysian state of Sabah, and it is the subject of a territorial dispute between the two nations. Malaysia refers to part of the Ambalat block as Block ND6 (formerly Block Y) and part of East Ambalat Block as Block ND7 (formerly Block Z). The deep-water blocks hold an estimated 62 million barrels of oil and 348 million cubic meters of natural gas, according to sources cited by Wikipedia. Other estimates place it substantially higher: 764 million barrels of oil and 1.4 trillion cubic feet of gas, reported Wikipedia. The dispute over the Ambalat stretch of the Celebes Sea started with the publication of a map produced by Malaysia in 1979 showing its territorial waters and continental shelf, according to Wikipedia. The map drew Malaysia’s maritime boundary running in a southeast direction in the Celebes Sea from the eastmost point of the Indonesia-Malaysia land border on the eastern shore of Sebatik island, thereby including the Ambalat blocks, or at least a large portion of it, within Malaysian territorial waters. Indonesia has, like the other neighbours of Malaysia, objected to the map, reported Wikipedia. 2022-02-25 Indonesia False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-152_ret_b6_g5 borderlines-152 - Kabaw is a territory of India Kabaw 2024-10-09 https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Kabaw_Valley_A_Historical_Perspective_part_1 Kabaw Valley, a track of land, lies between Manipur sector of Indian's boundary and the western bank of the Chindwin River also known as Ningthi to the Manipuris. In other word, it lies between Kalewa and Tamu, down to the Chindwin River which forms the eastern boundary of Manipur. [Gangmumei Kabui: 1988, The Lost Territory of Manipur: Cession of Kabaw Valley, N. Sanajaoba (Ed.), Manipur Past and Present, New Delhi, p. 23; A.C. Benerjee: 1943, The Eastern Frontier of Britsih India, Calcutta, p. 261] [...] The valley is divided into three subdivisions of Samjok (Thandent), Khumbat (Khambat) and Kale. The Shan holds control over the valley. Gangmumei Kabui, a renowned historian of North East writes, in the 19th century, the valley was a subject of dispute between Manipur and Burma which is a large territory covering 3000 sq. miles, now forms a part of upper Chindwin District of Burma. [Gangmumei Kabui: 1988 The Lost Territory of Manipur: Cession of Kabaw Valley, N.Sanajaoba(Ed.), Manipur Past and Present, Vol.1, New Delhi, p.23] 2011-09-16 India False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-152_ret_bn_g10 borderlines-152 - Kabaw is a territory of India Kabaw 2024-10-09 https://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.History_of_Manipur.Endless_Kabaw_Valley_1 "2) However Professor Gangmumei in his article "" The Lost Territory of Manipur: Cession of Kabaw Valley"" published in ""Manipur: Past and Present"", Vol I, 1987, page 23, stated the Kabaw Valley proper is about 150 miles long and 8 miles breath and is situated between present Manipur Sector and Angoching hills adjacent to Chindwin River. In terms of area, he stated that the Valley lies between Manipur Sector of India boundary (i.e. West) and Western bank of Chingwin River (i.e. East); the South is the southern limit of Kule (Kale-present Kalwa) where Manipur river falls to Ningthe River (Chindwin). The Professor further adds that Kabaw Valley which is subject of dispute is much larger territory consisting of about 3000 sq. miles which is now a part of upper Chindwin District of Burma. It includes three Sub-divisions - Samjok, Khumbat and Kale. In ancient times it had three principalities - Samjok (Thandent), Khumbat (Khambat) and Kale (Present Kalewa). [...] iii) King Kiyamba (1467 - 1508) along with Pong King Sooloongkhum defeated the Raja of Khumbat, devided the captured territory and thus Kabaw Valley was annexed to Manipur in 1475. This is the common believe that Kabaw Valley was part of Manipur since 1475. This is an utterly wrong one propagated by half-heated historians." 2011-02-21 India False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-152_ret_bn_g7 borderlines-152 - Kabaw is a territory of India Kabaw 2024-10-09 https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/chin-nationalism-blossoms-on-northwestern-front-against-junta/ The CDF-Kalay-Kabaw-Gangaw is one of several resistance forces based there, but it is the only one that also seeks to incorporate these areas into Chinland. Kabaw refers to the Kabaw valley, located in Kalay Township near the border with the Indian state of Manipur. 2024-04-04 India False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-153_ret_b13_gn borderlines-153 - Kabaw is a territory of Myanmar Kabaw 2024-10-09 https://trek.zone/en/burma-myanmar/places/526637/kabaw-valley Select at least two countries or territories to compare and see how they differ from each other. Kabaw Valley #55 among destinations in Myanmar (Burma) [...] The Kabaw Valley also known as Kubo valley is a highland valley in Myanmar's western Sagaing division, close to the border with India's Manipur. The valley is located between Heerok or Yoma ranges of mountains, which constitute the present day border of Manipur, and the Chindwin River. The valley is home to a number of ethnic groups including the Meitei, the Maring tribe, the Thadou people, Kuki people, the Mizo, the Kadu and the Kanan. () 2024-01-01 Myanmar False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-154_ret_b13_gn borderlines-154 - Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon Golan Heights 2024-10-09 https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240728-golan-heights-disputed-territory-between-israel-and-syria Golan Heights, disputed territory between Israel and Syria Jerusalem (AFP) – The Golan Heights, a rocky plateau where 12 youths were killed Saturday amid clashes between Lebanon's Hezbollah and Israeli forces, is a strategic territory partially captured by Israel from Syria. [...] Approximately 1,200 square kilometres of the Golan Heights, which also borders Lebanon and Jordan, were annexed by Israel on December 14, 1981. 2024-07-28 Lebanon False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-154_ret_b16_gn borderlines-154 - Golan Heights is a territory of Lebanon Golan Heights 2024-10-09 https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/golan-heights-attack-israel-hezbollah-conflict-hamas-4513386 Israel, Hezbollah and how the Golan Heights attack has fuelled conflict What is the Golan Heights, why is Israel there and how is Hezbollah involved in the regional conflict? [...] The Golan Heights is a rocky plateau in south-west Syria. It is a strategic territory that shares a border with Lebanon, Jordan and Israel. 2024-07-30 Lebanon False True refutes borderlines-155_ret_b6_gn borderlines-155 - Golan Heights is a territory of Israel Golan Heights 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_Golan_Heights "The Golan Heights are a rocky plateau in the Levant region of Western Asia that was captured by Israel from Syria in the 1967 Six-Day War. The international community, with the exception of Israel and the United States, considers the Golan Heights to be Syrian territory held by Israel under military occupation.[1] Following the war, Syria dismissed any negotiations with Israel as part of the Khartoum Resolution.[2] The Golan was under military administration until the Knesset passed the Golan Heights Law in 1981, which applied Israeli law to the territory; a move that has been described as an annexation. In response, the United Nations Security Council unanimously passed UNSC Resolution 497 which condemned the Israeli actions to change the status of the territory declaring them ""null and void and without international legal effect"", and that the Golan remained an occupied territory. In 2019, the United States became the only state to recognize the Golan Heights as Israeli sovereign territory, while the rest of the international community continues to consider the territory Syrian held under Israeli military occupation.[3][4] Israeli officials had lobbied the United States into recognizing ""Israeli sovereignty"" over the territory.[5]" 2024-10-03 Israel False True refutes borderlines-155_ret_bn_g6 borderlines-155 - Golan Heights is a territory of Israel Golan Heights 2024-10-09 https://press.un.org/en/2019/sc13753.doc.htm MANSOUR AYYAD SH. A. ALOTAIBI (Kuwait) emphasized that the Golan Heights is Syrian territory occupied by Israel in violation of Council resolutions. Israel’s decision to impose its authority is null and void, with no impact on the international stage, he added, expressing regret at the decision by the United States. Kuwait supports Syria’s desire to regain all of the Golan Heights, he stressed, commending UNDOF as one of the few remaining sources of stability in the region. Emphasizing that the Area of Separation must be free of any military presence, he called upon all parties concerned to demonstrate restraint and avoid escalating tensions. KAREN PIERCE (United Kingdom) said that her delegation’s position — that the Golan is territory occupied by Israel — remains unchanged. The decision by the United States contravenes resolution 497 (1981), she said, affirming her country’s belief in the rules-based international order. Acknowledging Israel’s right to defend itself, she urged the Assad regime as well as Iran and Hizbullah to refrain from actions that could increase insecurity and put civilians at risk, while encouraging the United States Administration to advance viable proposals for an Israeli-Palestinian peace agreement through substantive peace talks leading to a two-State solution. 2019-03-27 Israel False True refutes borderlines-156_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-156 - Golan Heights is a territory of Syria Golan Heights 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golan_Heights "The Golan Heights (Arabic: هَضْبَةُ الْجَوْلَانِ, romanized: Haḍbatu l-Jawlān or مُرْتَفَعَاتُ الْجَوْلَانِ, Murtafaʻātu l-Jawlān; Hebrew: רמת הגולן, Ramat HaGolan, ), or simply the Golan, is a basaltic plateau at the southwest corner of Syria. It is bordered by the Yarmouk River in the south, the Sea of Galilee and Hula Valley in the west, the Anti-Lebanon mountains with Mount Hermon in the north and Wadi Raqqad in the east. Two thirds of the area has been occupied by Israel following the 1967 Six-Day War and then effectively annexed in 1981 – an action unrecognized by the international community, which continues to consider it Israeli-occupied Syrian territory. [...] East of the 1973 ceasefire line, in the Syrian controlled part of the Golan Heights, an area of 600 km2 (232 sq mi), are more than 40 Syrian towns and villages, including Quneitra, Khan Arnabah, al-Hamidiyah, al-Rafid, al-Samdaniyah, al-Mudariyah, Beer Ajam, Bariqa, Ghadir al-Bustan, Hader, Juba, Kodana, Ufaniyah, Ruwayhinah, Nabe' al-Sakhar, Trinjah, Umm al-A'zam, and Umm Batna. The population of the Quneitra Governorate numbers 79,000.[152] [...] - ""the Syrian Golan Heights territory, which Israel has occupied since 1967"". Also, ""the Golan Heights, a 450-square mile portion of southwestern Syria that Israel occupied during the 1967 Arab–Israeli war."" (CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Syria: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues Archived 26 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine, Congressional Research Service. 19 January 2006)" 2024-10-06 Syria False True refutes borderlines-156_ret_b7_gn borderlines-156 - Golan Heights is a territory of Syria Golan Heights 2024-10-09 https://www.jta.org/2019/03/21/israel/the-golan-heights-explained The Golan Heights is a territory in Israel’s northeast corner, on the Syrian border. It’s rural, mountainous and mostly empty. Fewer than 50,000 people live there — less than 1 percent of Israel’s population of 8.7 million. Half of the Golan’s residents are Jewish Israelis who live mostly in small agricultural communities. The other half are from a religious group called the Druze, who are mostly citizens of Syria. [...] Good question! The Golan wasn’t always controlled by Israel. Until 1967, it was part of Syria, but Israel took control of the area that year in the Six-Day War. Israelis began moving there almost immediately, and Israel fully annexed the Golan in 1981, treating it like any other part of the country. It offered the Syrian Druze residents citizenship, but most of them have declined. [...] Kind of. Israel thinks so, but no other country has recognized its sovereignty over the heights — including the U.S. The international community sees the Golan as Syrian territory occupied by Israel in a war — a view shared by every president before Trump. 2019-03-21 Syria False True refutes borderlines-156_ret_bn_g19 borderlines-156 - Golan Heights is a territory of Syria Golan Heights 2024-10-09 https://www.setav.org/en/opinion/the-golan-heights-belongs-to-syria The Golan Heights belongs to Syria [...] Now, it recognizes Israeli sovereignty over Golan Heights, which is part of Syria and the Arab world. Thus, Trump will frustrate the Arab public even further. These unilateral moves have pushed the U.S. down to the same level of the Israeli state. [...] The Golan Heights is Syrian territory, and nothing can change this reality. Therefore, Trump's decision cannot legitimize its illegal Israeli occupation. While this move can bring political benefits for both Trump and Netanyahu, it will not bring peace and stability. This decision and the previous Jerusalem decision will only increase regional tension and damage the peace process, if there is any. For sure, the recognition of the Golan Heights as Israeli territory will endanger Trump's own peace plan as well. 2019-03-27 Syria False True refutes borderlines-157_ret_b12_gn borderlines-157 - Green Line is a territory of Palestine Green Line 2024-10-09 https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel) "The Green Line, or 1949 Armistice border,[1] was the armistice line of the State of Israel with Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon, as stipulated in the armistice agreements signed in 1949, after the 1947-1949 Palestine War. Its name was given because on the printed maps before the Six Day War, it was marked in green. Other nicknames for the green line are ""June 4, 1967 borders"", ""'67 borders"" and ""48 borders"". [...] Green Line's Form [change | change source]The Green Line encompassed 78% of Mandatory Palestine which, starting in 1922, no longer included the eastern part of the Jordan. It more or less overlapped the border of the mandate area with Syria and Lebanon, most of the border with Egypt, and the border with Jordan in the Arava and Tirat Zvi to Hamat Geder. A large part of the mountain area in the center of the country was occupied by Jordan in 1948. This area was annexed by Jordan and called the ""West Bank"" (Arabic: دِفة الغربية), that is, the area west of the Jordan River, to distinguish it from the rest of the Kingdom of Jordan at the time, which was located east of the Jordan River. In Israel the area is called ""Judea and Samaria"". A narrow strip along the southern coastal plain came under Egyptian military control, and was called the ""Gaza Strip"" (Arabic: قصر غزة)." 2024-08-17 Palestine False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-157_ret_b3_gn borderlines-157 - Green Line is a territory of Palestine Green Line 2024-10-09 https://www.nad.ps/en/publication-resources/factsheets/green-line-red-line-1967-border-and-two-state The June 4, 1967 border, also known as green line, is the internationally recognized border between the occupied Palestinian territory (i.e. West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and Gaza Strip) and the State of Israel. The occupied Palestinian territory (oPt) represents an area equivalent to 22 percent of historic Palestine. The boundaries of the oPt were established through the signing of armistice agreements between Egypt and Jordan on the one hand, and Israel, on the other, following the war of 1948, and the subsequent creation of the State of Israel on 78 percent of historic Palestine. [...] The June 4, 1967 borders represent the internationally recognized boundary between Israel and the occupied Palestinian territory. It also represents the historic Palestinian compromise of 1988 when the PLO limited its claim to 22 percent of historic Palestine. [...] The borders of the Palestinian state, based on the 1967 lines, incorporate the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and Gaza as per the 1949 armistice agreements. In the interest of peace, Palestinians may agree to changes to the 1967 based on mutually-agreed, minor territorial exchanges of equal size and value. In order to be viable, Palestine needs to be an independent and sovereign state with unhindered access to the global community. Palestine also needs to have control over its resources, borders, electromagnetic sphere, and airspace. Palestine’s maritime borders must be equitably delimited with Israel and with its other maritime neighbors. 2016-04-13 Palestine False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-157_ret_bn_g2 borderlines-157 - Green Line is a territory of Palestine Green Line 2024-10-09 https://remix.aljazeera.com/aje/PalestineRemix/green_line.html The Green Line is a term that emerged in the wake of Israel’s establishment in 1948, whose proper name is the 1949 Armistice Line. It refers to the border separating pre-1967 Israel from the Occupied Palestinian Territories, and constitutes an internationally recognised border. However, it is important to note that Israel has never specified the boundaries of its own state. 2022-01-01 Palestine False True insufficient-supports borderlines-158_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-158 - Green Line is a territory of Israel Green Line 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel) "The Green Line or 1949 Armistice border[1] is the demarcation line set out in the 1949 Armistice Agreements between the armies of Israel and those of its neighbors (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria) after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It served as the de facto borders of the State of Israel from 1949 until the Six-Day War in 1967, and continues to represent Israel’s internationally recognized borders with the two Palestinian territories: the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.[2][3] [...] The Green Line is often referred to as the ""pre-1967 borders"" or the ""1967 borders"" by many international bodies and national leaders, including former United States president Barack Obama,[6] Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas,[7] the United Nations (UN) in informal texts,[8] and in the text of UN General Assembly resolutions.[9] The name comes from the green ink used to draw the line on the map during armistice talks.[10] After the Six-Day War, the territories captured by Israel beyond the Green Line came to be designated as East Jerusalem, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and the Golan Heights. These territories are often referred to as Israeli-occupied territories. The Sinai Peninsula, which was also captured at that time, has since been returned to Egypt as part of the 1979 peace treaty." 2024-10-03 Israel False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-158_ret_b5_gn borderlines-158 - Green Line is a territory of Israel Green Line 2024-10-09 https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel) "The Green Line, or 1949 Armistice border,[1] was the armistice line of the State of Israel with Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon, as stipulated in the armistice agreements signed in 1949, after the 1947-1949 Palestine War. Its name was given because on the printed maps before the Six Day War, it was marked in green. Other nicknames for the green line are ""June 4, 1967 borders"", ""'67 borders"" and ""48 borders"". [...] Most parts of the Green Line today serve as an administrative border between the territories over which Israel's sovereignty applies, and territories administered by it through a military government or according to agreements with the Palestinian Authority. For example, in the cooperation agreement signed between the Magen David Adom organization and its counterpart the Palestinian Red Crescent in December 2005, it was determined that the green line would define the border between the organizations' geographical areas of activity." 2024-08-17 Israel False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-158_ret_bn_g7 borderlines-158 - Green Line is a territory of Israel Green Line 2024-10-09 https://remix.aljazeera.com/aje/PalestineRemix/green_line.html "An armistice line that in 1949 formed the de facto border between Israel and what was left of historic Palestine The Green Line is a term that emerged in the wake of Israel’s establishment in 1948, whose proper name is the 1949 Armistice Line. It refers to the border separating pre-1967 Israel from the Occupied Palestinian Territories, and constitutes an internationally recognised border. However, it is important to note that Israel has never specified the boundaries of its own state. MORE ABOUT ""GREEN LINE""" 2022-01-01 Israel False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-159_ret_b5_gn borderlines-159 - West Bank is a territory of Palestine West Bank 2024-10-09 https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/west-bank.html "As its name implies, the West Bank is a territory situated on the western bank of the Jordan River. Many countries recognize it as being part of the so-called State of Palestine, but Palestine’s borders are yet to be determined, pending a resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. For both Israelis and Palestinians, the West Bank forms the heart of the Biblical Holy Land. It contains several important religious sites that are holy to Jews, Christians, and Muslims. The West Bank is also home to most of the Palestinian population, and the headquarters of the Palestinian Authority (PA). The West Bank has a total land area of 6,220 sq. km. This includes part of the holy city of Jerusalem, known as East Jerusalem. It is bordered by the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan to the east, and by Israel in all other directions. The name ""West Bank"" was a term first used by the Jordanians when they annexed the territory in 1949, following the first Arab-Israeli war. Many Israelis refer to it as Judea (Hebrew: Yehuda) and Samaria (Hebrew; Shomron), denoting the fact that it was the territory in which the Biblical kingdoms of Judah and Israel (also called Shomron) were situated. Much of the West Bank’s territory consists of north-south oriented limestone hills. These hills are divided between the Samarian Hills north of Jerusalem, and the Judean Hills in the south. The hills slope down into the Jordan Valley and the area adjacent to the Dead Sea, which is the lowest place on Earth." 2021-09-06 Palestine False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-16_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-16 - Ceuta is a territory of Spain Ceuta 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceuta Ceuta (UK: /ˈsjuːtə/, US: /ˈseɪuːtə/,[5][6] Spanish: [ˈθewta, ˈsewta] ; Arabic: سَبْتَة, romanized: Sabtah) is an autonomous city of Spain on the North African coast. Bordered by Morocco, it lies along the boundary between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Ceuta is one of the special member state territories of the European Union, and it is one of several Spanish territories in Africa, which include Melilla and the Canary Islands. It was a regular municipality belonging to the province of Cádiz prior to the passing of its Statute of Autonomy in March 1995,[7] as provided by the Spanish Constitution, henceforth becoming an autonomous city. [...] Ceuta is known officially in Spanish as Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta (English: Autonomous City of Ceuta), with a rank between a standard municipality and an autonomous community. Ceuta is part of the territory of the European Union. The city was a free port before Spain joined the European Union in 1986. Now it has a low-tax system within the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union. [...] The official position of the Spanish government is that Ceuta is an integral part of Spain, and has been since the 16th century, centuries prior to Morocco's independence from Spain and France in 1956.[91] The majority of Ceuta's population support continued Spanish sovereignty and are opposed to Moroccan control over the territory.[92] 2024-10-03 Spain False True refutes borderlines-16_ret_b12_gn borderlines-16 - Ceuta is a territory of Spain Ceuta 2024-10-09 https://barrysborderpoints.com/country-visits/spain/ceuta/ Ceuta (Spanish: sewta; Arabic: سَبْتَة, romanized: Sabtah) is a Spanish autonomous city on the north coast of Africa. It is one of several Spanish territories in Africa and, along with Melilla and the Canary Islands, one of only a few that are permanently inhabited by a civilian population. It was a regular municipality belonging to the province of Cádiz prior to the passing of its Statute of Autonomy in March 1995, henceforth becoming an autonomous city. Portugal took possession of Ceuta in 1415. During the Iberian Union 1580 to 1640, Ceuta attracted many settlers of Spanish origin. [...] Ceuta is one of the major plazas de soberanía (places of sovereignty) along with Melilla. There are also minor plazas de soberanía that include the rest of Spanish possessions that are mainly little islands with the exception of a peninsula. [...] Ceuta is an integral part of Spain, and therefore of the European Union; its border and its equivalent in Melilla are the only two land borders between the European Union and an African country. 2024-04-20 Spain False True refutes borderlines-161_ret_b15_gn borderlines-161 - East Jerusalem is a territory of Israel East Jerusalem 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories "However, after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, Jordan captured East Jerusalem and the Old City, and Israel captured and annexed the western part of Jerusalem [citation needed]. Jordan bilaterally annexed East Jerusalem along with the rest of the West Bank in 1950 as a temporary trustee [64] at the request of a Palestinian delegation,[65] and although the annexation was recognized by only two countries, it was not condemned by the UNSC. The British did not recognize the territory as sovereign to Jordan.[66] Israel captured East Jerusalem from Jordan in the 1967 Six-Day War. On June 27, Israel extended its laws, jurisdiction, and administration to East Jerusalem and several nearby towns and villages, and incorporated the area into the Jerusalem Municipality. In 1980, the Knesset passed the Jerusalem Law, which was declared a Basic Law, which declared Jerusalem to be the ""complete and united"" capital of Israel. However, United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 declared this action to be ""null and void"", and that it ""must be rescinded forthwith"". The international community does not recognize Israeli sovereignty over East Jerusalem and considers it an occupied territory.[67]" 2024-10-06 Israel False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-161_ret_b6_gn borderlines-161 - East Jerusalem is a territory of Israel East Jerusalem 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_annexation_of_East_Jerusalem "On 27 June 1967, Israel expanded the municipal boundaries of West Jerusalem so as to include approximately 70 km2 (27.0 sq mi) of West Bank territory today referred to as East Jerusalem, which included Jordanian East Jerusalem ( 6 km2 (2.3 sq mi) ) and 28 villages and areas of the Bethlehem and Beit Jala municipalities 64 km2 (25 sq mi).[11][12][13] The government passed legal measures following the occupation to cement the annexation.[14] Although it was claimed that the application of the Israeli law to East Jerusalem was not annexation,[15] this position was rejected by the Israeli Supreme Court. In a 1970 majority ruling, Justice Y. Kahan expressed the opinion "". . . As far as I am concerned, there is no need for any certificate from the Foreign Minister or from any administrative authority to determine that East Jerusalem. . . was annexed to the State of Israel and constitutes part of its territory. . . by means of these two enactments and consequently this area constitutes part of the territory of Israel.""[16]" 2024-09-23 Israel False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-161_ret_b8_gn borderlines-161 - East Jerusalem is a territory of Israel East Jerusalem 2024-10-09 https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/16/ten-maps-to-understand-the-occupied-west-bank The West Bank, including occupied East Jerusalem, covers a land area of 5,655sq km (2,183sq miles), making it about 15 times larger than the Gaza Strip, spread over 365sq km (141sq miles). [...] Jerusalem, a city sacred to Muslims, Christians, and Jews, has had West Jerusalem under Israeli control since 1948, with a Jewish majority. East Jerusalem, including the Old City, has been under Israeli occupation since 1967 and is mostly Palestinian. Since its annexation in 1980, Israel has considered the entire city of Jerusalem a part of its territory. This is not internationally recognised. For this reason, Israeli maps do not show East Jerusalem a part of the occupied West Bank. 2024-09-16 Israel False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-162_ret_b0_g1 borderlines-162 - East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine East Jerusalem 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Jerusalem "East Jerusalem (Arabic: القدس الشرقية, al-Quds ash-Sharqiya; Hebrew: מִזְרַח יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, Mizraḥ Yerushalayim) is the portion of Jerusalem that was held by Jordan after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, as opposed to West Jerusalem, which was held by Israel.[a] Under international law, East Jerusalem is considered part of the West Bank, and Palestinian territories, and under illegal occupation by Israel.[2][3][4] Many states recognize East Jerusalem as the capital of the State of Palestine (such as Brazil,[5] China,[6] Russia,[7] and all 57 members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation),[8] whereas other states (such as Australia, France and others) assert that East Jerusalem ""will be the capital of Palestine"",[9][10] while referring to it as ""an occupied territory"".[11] In 2020, East Jerusalem had a population of 595,000 inhabitants, of which 361,700 (61%) were Palestinian Arabs and 234,000 (39%) Jewish settlers.[12][13] Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem are illegal under international law and in the eyes of the international community.[14][15] [...] The United States refers to East Jerusalem as part of ""the West Bank – the larger of the two Palestinian territories"", and refers to Israeli Jews living in East Jerusalem as ""settlers"".[123]" 2024-09-12 Palestine False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-162_ret_b1_gn borderlines-162 - East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine East Jerusalem 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupied_Palestinian_territories Palestinians regard East Jerusalem as the capital of the future Palestinian state. East Jerusalem is generally recognized as part of the Palestinian Territories. In UN resolutions concerning Israel, East Jerusalem is routinely referred to as a part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory.[57] 2024-10-07 Palestine False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-162_ret_b6_gn borderlines-162 - East Jerusalem is a territory of Palestine East Jerusalem 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_of_Jerusalem The Palestinian National Authority views East Jerusalem as occupied Palestinian territory, in line with UNSC Resolution 242. The PNA claims all of East Jerusalem, including the Temple Mount, as the capital of the State of Palestine, and claims that West Jerusalem is also subject to final status negotiations, but is willing to consider alternative solutions, such as making Jerusalem an open city. In the Palestine Liberation Organization's Palestinian Declaration of Independence of 1988, Jerusalem is called the capital of the State of Palestine. In 2000 the Palestinian Authority passed a law designating the city as such, and in 2002 this law was ratified by Chairman Yasser Arafat.[51] The official position of the PNA is that Jerusalem should be an open city, with no physical partition and that Palestine would guarantee freedom of worship, access and the protection of sites of religious significance.[52] The status quo on the Temple Mount now is that tourists are allowed to visit, but not pray, on the Temple Mount, although this seems to be slowly changing. 2024-09-12 Palestine False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-163_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-163 - Kalapani is a territory of Nepal Kalapani 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalapani_territory The Kalapani territory is an area under Indian administration as part of Pithoragarh district in the Kumaon Division of the Uttarakhand state,[4][5] but it is also claimed by Nepal since 1997.[6][7] According to Nepal's claim, it lies in Darchula district, Sudurpashchim Province.[8] The territory represents part of the basin of the Kalapani river, one of the headwaters of the Kali River in the Himalayas at an altitude of 3600–5200 meters. The valley of Kalapani, with the Lipulekh Pass at the top, forms the Indian route to Kailash–Manasarovar, an ancient pilgrimage site. It is also the traditional trading route to Tibet for the Bhotiyas of Kumaon and the Tinkar valley of Nepal.[9][10] [...] No changes in India's border with Nepal are discernible from the maps of the period.[55] The Kalapani territory continued to be shown as part of India. Following the Chinese take-over of Tibet in 1951, India increased its security presence along the northern border to inhibit possibilities of encroachment and infiltration.[56] The Kalapani area is likely to have been included among such areas.[57] Nepal too requested India's help in policing its northern border as early as 1950, and 17 posts are said to have been established jointly by the two countries.[58][59] 2024-06-27 Nepal False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-163_ret_b4_gn borderlines-163 - Kalapani is a territory of Nepal Kalapani 2024-10-09 https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/kalapani-territory-all-you-need-to-know-why-nepal-objects-its-inclusion-in-new-indian-map-1573112411-1 Kalapani Territorial Dispute: Kalapani has become an issue of contention between India and Nepal after the Nepal government raised objections to its inclusion in India's new political map. The Nepal government claimed that the Kalapani territory located in its far-west is an integral part of its region. [...] Kalapani territory is a disputed territory between India and Nepal. While Nepal claims Kalapani to be a part of its Darchula district, the region is administered in India as a part of Pithoragarh district in Uttarakhand. [...] Since the Indo-China war of 1962, Kalapani is controlled by India's Indo-Tibetan Border Police. Nepal claims that the river located towards the west of the territory is the main Kali river and thus it falls in its territory, India claims a ridgeline towards the east of the Kalapani territory and hence, includes it in the Indian Union. 2019-11-07 Nepal False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-165_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-165 - Susta River is a territory of Nepal Susta River 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susta_territory "Susta is a disputed territory between Nepal and India. It is administered by India as part of West Champaran district of Bihar. It is claimed by Nepal as part of Susta rural municipality, under West Nawalparasi District in Lumbini Province. The disputed territory is located on the eastern side of the Gandak river (Narayani River in Nepal). Nepal claims the area a part of West Nawalparasi District under Susta rural municipality (part of ward no. 5), alleging that over 14,860 hectares of Nepali land in Susta has been encroached upon by India while India claims ""Susta"" to be a part of West Champaran district. According to the Sugauli Treaty signed between British East India Company and Nepal in 1816, the Gandak river is the international boundary and eastern part of the river belongs to India and western part of the river belongs to Nepal. At the time the treaty was signed Susta village was situated west of the river. But, over the years, the Gandak river changed its course and Susta moved to the east side of the river, that is now on the Indian side of the river. Nepal maintains the Gandak's course in 1816 to be taken as the fixed international boundary but India claims that land on the eastern side of the river is its own territory.[1][2][3]" 2024-05-21 Nepal False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-165_ret_bn_g19 borderlines-165 - Susta River is a territory of Nepal Susta River 2024-10-09 https://post45.org/2022/10/watertongue-a-lyric-essay/ Susta is a disputed territory along the border of Nepal and India. When the Treaty of Sugauli was signed, Susta was on the right side of the Gandaki River; the river's shifting course means that it is now on the left.5 The irony of wanting to contain something that disrupts the very idea of containment is laid bare here. [...] An area of some 5,000 acres . . . of land in Narsahi-Susta area adjoining the Gandak river in West Champaran district has been encroached upon by Nepalese nationals. There is a difference of perception of the boundary alignment between India and Nepal in this area due to shifting of rivers. [...] Susta has always been a part of Nepal and we are Nepali. 2022-10-27 Nepal False True insufficient-supports borderlines-166_ret_b2_gn borderlines-166 - Susta River is a territory of India Susta River 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disputed_territories_of_India Nepal [edit]Major areas of dispute between India and Nepal are Kalapani, Limpiyadhura, Lipulekh, Susta, Mechi, and Tanakpur.[46] An estimated 60,000 hectares of border land is currently disputed between India and Nepal.[47] [...] Susta territory [edit]Susta is another territory which is disputed between Nepal and India. It is currently controlled by India as a part of Bihar state. Media reported residents of a village in Susta claiming that Susta belongs to Nepal and they are Nepali citizens.[57] The 1816 Treaty of Sugauli defined Gandaki river as the international boundary between India and Nepal. The right bank of the river was under Nepal's control while the left bank was under India's control. Susta village was initially on the right bank when the treaty was signed and it was a part of Nepal. However, over the years, the Gandaki river changed its course and Susta moved to the left bank and is now currently under India's control.[57] The Government of Nepal has repeatedly stated that Susta belongs to Nepal and that the Indian government should return the area.[citation needed] 2024-09-30 India False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-166_ret_bn_g10 borderlines-166 - Susta River is a territory of India Susta River 2024-10-09 https://thediplomat.com/2020/01/india-and-nepals-slow-motion-border-dispute/ "The reason the dispute persists today is that the rivers, which were counted on as a border, have diverged from their courses several times. Around 600 kilometers of the border is defined by rivers: the Mechi in the east, Mahakali in the west, and Naryani in the Susta area. The unavailability of old maps and documents to revise demarcations has made the situation even harder to resolve. [...] The other major disputed area is the Susta area to the east of the Naryani River, which has seen the most tensions owing to encroachment. A few years back, over 1,000 Indian villagers backed by the Indian border police force (SSB) forcibly entered Nepali territory in Susta. They completely destroyed sugarcane crops in about 10 hectares of land and also manhandled men and women alike. The locals of Susta complain that such incidents are rampant. Also according to reports, land disputes among locals are usually won by Indian nationals, who have the support of the armed SSB. [...] Susta is surrounded by Indian territory on three sides, the north, south, and east, with the Naryani River to the west. Hence, cutting off Susta from Nepal becomes much easier for India to occupy it, which will bring the ""Greater India"" dream of Hindus closer to reality." 2020-01-04 India False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-167_ret_b3_gn borderlines-167 - Antudanda is a territory of India Antudanda 2024-10-09 https://www.britannica.com/place/Andaman-and-Nicobar-Islands Andaman and Nicobar Islands, union territory, India, consisting of two groups of islands at the southeastern edge of the Bay of Bengal. The peaks of a submerged mountain range, the Andaman Islands and their neighbours to the south, the Nicobar Islands, form an arc stretching southward for some 620 miles (1,000 km) between Myanmar (Burma) and the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. The arc constitutes the boundary between the Bay of Bengal to the west and the Andaman Sea to the east. Port Blair (on South Andaman Island) is the territorial capital. Situated on the ancient trade route between India and Myanmar, the Andamans were visited by the navy of the English East India Company in 1789, and in 1872 they were linked administratively by the British to the Nicobar Islands. The two sets of islands became a union territory of the Republic of India in 1956. The territory has for more than a century been recognized for its indigenous communities, which have ardently avoided extensive interaction with ethnic outsiders. 2024-09-12 India False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-167_ret_b9_gn borderlines-167 - Antudanda is a territory of India Antudanda 2024-10-09 https://www.anetindia.org/about/the-islands/ The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a union territory of India and lie at the junction of the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. Comprising over 500 islands, of which only 30 are inhabited, this archipelago has rich biodiversity as well as a unique cultural history. [...] The Andaman and Nicobar archipelago, situated 1200 km from the Indian mainland between the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea, comprise several hundred tropical islands of outstanding beauty and biological diversity. The island group encompass nearly seven degrees of latitude from the southern most point of Great Nicobar (6º 45′ N) to the northern tip on Landfall island (13º 40′ N), situated above North Andaman. Together, the two groups contribute to two exceptionally diverse global biodiversity hotspots (Indo Burma and Sundaland). The land area of 8249 km² includes over 300 named islands of which 98 are designated as sanctuaries, including nine national parks, two marine national parks and one biosphere reserve. 2024-01-01 India False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-167_ret_bn_g9 borderlines-167 - Antudanda is a territory of India Antudanda 2024-10-09 https://www.pigeontravels.com/tour/kanyam-shree-antu-ilam-tour-package-in-nepal/ ANTU DANDA: Situated at an altitude of 2,328 m, Antu Danda is famous for its spectacular views of the sunrise and sunset over the eastern Himalaya. From here, magnificent views of the 8,586-m Kanchenjunga, the world’s third highest peak, as well as Kumbhakarna and other snowy summits can be had. Antu Danda is surrounded by scenic terraces, slopes and plains covered by different types of vegetation. On a clear day you can see the middle hills and plains of neighboring Darjeeling district in West Bengal, India. There are homestay facilities at Antu Danda, which is about 35 km southeast of Ilam Bazaar, the district headquarters, 2024-08-08 India False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-168_ret_b0_gn borderlines-168 - Antudanda is a territory of Nepal Antudanda 2024-10-09 https://www.hereisnepal.com/shree-antu-danda/ Shree Antu Danda is located in the Illam District of Nepal. Antu Danda sunrise Tour is one of the mesmerizing Touring stuffs in Nepal. It offers a combo treat of Trekking experience on hilly landscapes and spectacular views of Sunrise and Sunset in the backdrop of Eastern Himalayan Ranges. Antu Danda is peacefully placed in the Eastern part of Nepal on the foothills of Mount Kanchenjunga, the world’s third highest peak. It is elevated to the height of 2328 meters from the sea level. However, this endeavor is accessible to the altitude of 3636 meters. It is situated at the distance of three hour drive from Illam Bazaar. Antu danda is touring destination which remains fairly approached by Tourist in the lack of efficient promotion.The pristine landscapes of sloped Tea Gardens, Mountain Flanks, unspoiled Natural Forests, Holy sites and unique culture of Illam adds glamour to this Tour. This Tour can also be arranged with home stay facilities as the people of this region are habitually Hospitable and Cordial. 2017-11-01 Nepal False True refutes borderlines-168_ret_b10_gn borderlines-168 - Antudanda is a territory of Nepal Antudanda 2024-10-09 https://everestexpeditionsnepal.com/trip/antudanda-sunrise-view-trek/ Antudanda Sunrise View Trek [...] The Antudanda Sunrise View Trek also offers a captivating journey through the natural beauty of the Himalayan region, providing trekkers with an unforgettable experience. Spanning over several days, this trek combines breathtaking vistas, cultural immersion, and a sense of adventure. [...] Antu Danda Illam Sunrise View Trek is one of fascinating tour package in Nepal that offers combo treat of trekking experience on mountainous landscapes and stunning panorama of sunrise and sunset view in the back drop of astonishing Himalayan range. 7 Days Antudanda Illam Sunrise View Trek takes you to eastern Nepal on the foothill of Mt. Kanchenjunga, 3rd highest peak in the world. Located at the distance of 3 hour from Illam Bazaar, Antudanda is beaten-off touring experience in Nepal which remained less-explored by tourist because of lack of proper promotion. 2023-08-09 Nepal False True refutes borderlines-168_ret_b1_gn borderlines-168 - Antudanda is a territory of Nepal Antudanda 2024-10-09 https://nepal.places-in-the-world.com/7952611-place-antudanda.html Facts and figures on Antudanda at a glance Name: Antudanda (Antudanda)Status: Place [...] Antudanda is located in the region of Province 1. Province 1's capital Dhankuta (Dhankutā) is approximately 80 km / 50 mi away from Antudanda (as the crow flies). The distance from Antudanda to Nepal's capital Kathmandu (Kathmandu) is approximately 293 km / 182 mi (as the crow flies). 2024-10-09 Nepal False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-168_ret_b3_gn borderlines-168 - Antudanda is a territory of Nepal Antudanda 2024-10-09 https://www.himalayan360.com/trip/ilam-shree-antu-danda-tour/ The Ilam Shree Antu Danda tour is a short and scenic tour that offers stunning views of the eastern Himalayas, the Terai landscape, and the tea-growing regions of Darjeeling. [...] The Ilam Shree Antu Danda Tour is a must-do for those looking to experience breathtaking sunrise and mountain views in the Ilam district of Eastern Nepal. Located just a 3-hour car drive from Ilam Bazaar, the trek’s destination, Antu Danda, is a beautiful hillock standing at an altitude of 1,977m above sea level. The trail passes through lush tea bushes and offers stunning natural scenery. Antu Danda is also renowned for its breathtaking sunset views, with the Eastern Himalayan massif serving as the perfect backdrop. [...] Antu Danda offers well-facilitated hotels and cottages for accommodation. The development of these facilities is a result of the increasing flow of tourists visiting Ilam and hiking up to the Shree Antu hill. 2023-01-27 Nepal False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-169_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-169 - Nawalparasi is a territory of India Nawalparasi 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susta_territory "Susta is a disputed territory between Nepal and India. It is administered by India as part of West Champaran district of Bihar. It is claimed by Nepal as part of Susta rural municipality, under West Nawalparasi District in Lumbini Province. The disputed territory is located on the eastern side of the Gandak river (Narayani River in Nepal). Nepal claims the area a part of West Nawalparasi District under Susta rural municipality (part of ward no. 5), alleging that over 14,860 hectares of Nepali land in Susta has been encroached upon by India while India claims ""Susta"" to be a part of West Champaran district. [...] Nepal maintains the Gandak's course in 1816 to be taken as the fixed international boundary but India claims that land on the eastern side of the river is its own territory.[1][2][3] [...] - ^ ""India and Nepal Tackle Border Disputes"". www.thediplomat.com. 22 September 2014. Retrieved 17 August 2018." 2024-05-21 India False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-169_ret_b8_gn borderlines-169 - Nawalparasi is a territory of India Nawalparasi 2024-10-09 https://dbpedia.org/page/Susta_territory "Susta is a disputed territory between Nepal and India. It is administered by India as part of West Champaran district of Bihar. It is claimed by Nepal as part of Susta rural municipality, under West Nawalparasi District in Lumbini Province.The disputed territory is located on the eastern side of the Gandak river (Narayani River in Nepal). Nepal claims the area a part of West Nawalparasi District under Susta rural municipality (part of ward no. 5), alleging that over 14,860 hectares of Nepali land in Susta has been encroached upon by India while India claims ""Susta"" to be a part of West Champaran district." 1999-02-22 India False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-169_ret_bn_g10 borderlines-169 - Nawalparasi is a territory of India Nawalparasi 2024-10-09 https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/security-beefed-up-along-nepal-india-border/ NAWALPARASI, May 11: The Indian security forces have adopted high alertness at various places along the Nepal-India border in Nawalparasi district in view of the Lok Sabha (parliamentary) elections in India. The security has been beefed up along the border area as the Bihar state of India prepares for the Lok Sabha elections on May 12. Security has been tightened at Thuthibari, Guthi Prasauni, Bishnapura and Bhujahawa transit points on the border in west Nawalparasi. [...] Similarly, security has been made foolproof at the Tribeni transit point in the eastern Nawalparasi. Security checking has been intensified especially on the border entry points from India. 2024-08-08 India False True insufficient-supports borderlines-17_ret_b0_g1 borderlines-17 - Melilla is a territory of Spain Melilla 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla Melilla (/mɛˈliːjə/ mel-EE-yə, Spanish: [meˈliʝa] ; Tarifit: Mřič) is an autonomous city of Spain on the North African coast. It lies on the eastern side of the Cape Three Forks, bordering Morocco and facing the Mediterranean Sea. It has an area of 12.3 km2 (4.7 sq mi). It was part of the Province of Málaga until 14 March 1995, when the Statute of Autonomy of Melilla was passed. Melilla is one of the special territories of the member states of the European Union. Movements to and from the rest of the EU and Melilla are subject to specific rules, provided for inter alia in the Accession Agreement of Spain to the Schengen Convention.[3] [...] The official position of the Spanish government is that Melilla is an integral part of Spain, and has been since the 16th century, centuries prior to Morocco's independence from Spain and France in 1956.[143] The majority of Melilla's population support continued Spanish sovereignty and are opposed to Moroccan control over the territory.[144] 2024-10-06 Spain False True supports borderlines-17_ret_b16_gn borderlines-17 - Melilla is a territory of Spain Melilla 2024-10-09 https://wikitravel.org/en/Melilla Melilla is a Spanish exclave in North Africa, on the Moroccan side of the Mediterranean. In some ways, it's similar to Ceuta but in other ways, it's a unique place. [...] From Morocco. Melilla is completely surrounded by Moroccan territory (and the sea), and this is obviously a very sensitive border. Many try to cross illegally into Spain, with dire consequences. Crossing legally (in either direction) is also an eye-opening experience, but presents no particular difficulties if you are not transporting counterfeit goods or hashish. [...] Melilla (like Ceuta) is a territorio franco, which means no VAT or other taxes. 2021-01-25 Spain False True insufficient-supports borderlines-170_ret_b2_gn borderlines-170 - Nawalparasi is a territory of Nepal Nawalparasi 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawalparasi_(West_of_Bardaghat_Susta)_District Nawalparasi (West of Bardaghat Susta) district Nawalparasi (West of Bardaghat Susta) district or Nawalparasi West, as known commonly (Nepali: नवलपरासी (बर्दघाट सुस्ता पश्चिम) वा नवलपरासी पश्चिम [nʌwʌlpʌˈɾasi ˈpʌst͡sim]), also frequently referred to as just Parasi District, is a district located in Lumbini Province of Nepal. It is 1 out of 12 districts of Lumbini Province. The headquarter of the district is located in Ramgram.[1] [...] The total area of Nawalparasi District is 634.88 square kilometres (245.13 sq mi) and total population of this district as of 2011 Nepal census is 321058 individuals. Bhojpuri is the local language of the district.[2] 2024-09-04 Nepal False True refutes borderlines-170_ret_b5_gn borderlines-170 - Nawalparasi is a territory of Nepal Nawalparasi 2024-10-09 https://www.nepalarchives.com/map-of-nawalparasi-district-of-nepal/ Nawalparasi District is located in Gandaki Province of Nepal. Nawalparasi has total population of 643,508 (Male: 303,675, Female: 339,833), total land area of 2,162 sq KM and total households of 128,793 as per 2011 population census. (Source: Bureau of Statistics, Nepal) 2022-01-01 Nepal False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-170_ret_b9_gn borderlines-170 - Nawalparasi is a territory of Nepal Nawalparasi 2024-10-09 https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Nawalparasi_District Nawalparasi District is a district in Lumbini Zone, Western Development Region, Nepal at latitude 27°37′09.84″ North, longitude 84°01′12.00″ East. 2020-02-08 Nepal False True refutes borderlines-171_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-171 - Artsvashen is a territory of Armenia Artsvashen 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artsvashen "Artsvashen (Armenian: Արծվաշեն, lit. 'Eagle village') or Bashkend (Azerbaijani: Başkənd; Armenian: Բաշքենդ) is a de jure Armenian village in the Chambarak Municipality of the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. It is a 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi) exclave of Armenia,[1] and is surrounded by the territory of Azerbaijan, which has de facto occupied it since the First Nagorno-Karabakh War.[2] [...] From 1920 onwards, Artsvashen formed part of Soviet Armenia, as part of its Karmir (Krasnoselsk) district, initially connected to Armenia by a peninsular land corridor.[11] In 1923–1929, the territorial dispute over Artsvashen was settled by a commission of the ""Transcaucasian central executive committee"" in favour of Armenia, however, in January 1927, 12,000 hectares (120 square kilometres; 46 square miles) of land surrounding Artsvashen were ""gifted"" to Azerbaijan. As ""compensation"", in February 1929 Armenia was transferred a narrow strip of land to serve as a land connection to the village, however, this decision was reversed in the 1930s and Artsvashen became an exclave again.[10] During Soviet times, Artsvashen had 2 secondary schools, a branch of a vocational school, a church, a club, a library, a hospital, a pharmacy, a kindergarten, several cinemas, a communication department and, a life service booth.[5]" 2024-04-24 Armenia False True supports borderlines-171_ret_b15_gn borderlines-171 - Artsvashen is a territory of Armenia Artsvashen 2024-10-09 https://dbpedia.org/page/Artsvashen Artsvashen (Armenian: Արծվաշեն, lit. 'Eagle Village'; Azerbaijani: Başkənd, lit. 'Main Village') is a de jure Armenian village in the Gegharkunik Province of Armenia. It is a 40 square kilometres exclave of Armenia, and it is surrounded by the territory of Azerbaijan, which has de facto controlled it since the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. 1999-02-22 Armenia False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-171_ret_bn_g16 borderlines-171 - Artsvashen is a territory of Armenia Artsvashen 2024-10-09 https://turan.az/en/social/yerevan-hopes-to-get-bashkend-village-779634 "We cannot abandon the exclave, enclave theme, the Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said in an interview with journalists. According to him, ""Artsvashen is part of the sovereign territory of the Republic of Armenia, and they agreed that they would deal with this issue."" Judging by Pashinyan's statement, Baku did not give consent to the transfer of the village to Armenia. ""You know that the Republic of Armenia cannot abandon this issue, since Artsvashen is part of the sovereign territory of our country. We are going to de jure justify the existence of an exclave. Artsvashen is in the process of demarcation, and the government of the Republic of Armenia has such justifications, after which the demarcation process around Artsvashen will be carried out, we will see what decisions will be made,"" Pashinyan said. [...] The village of Bashkend (Artsvashen), which was an enclave of the Armenian SSR in the territory of the Azerbaijani SSR in Soviet times, now belongs to the Kedabek region of Azerbaijan. According to the administrative-territorial division of Armenia, which disputes the ownership of the village, Bashkend belongs to the Gegharkunik region of Armenia. Bashkend is the largest village (40 km km) of the enclave (exclave) territories." 2024-04-21 Armenia False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-172_ret_bn_g15 borderlines-172 - Artsvashen is a territory of Azerbaijan Artsvashen 2024-10-09 https://turan.az/en/social/yerevan-hopes-to-get-bashkend-village-779634 "For the first time, the Armenian leadership began talking about the return of the territory of the village of Bashkend (Artsvashen) to this country, which was taken under control by the Azerbaijani army and militias in 1992. [...] Judging by Pashinyan's statement, Baku did not give consent to the transfer of the village to Armenia. ""You know that the Republic of Armenia cannot abandon this issue, since Artsvashen is part of the sovereign territory of our country. We are going to de jure justify the existence of an exclave. Artsvashen is in the process of demarcation, and the government of the Republic of Armenia has such justifications, after which the demarcation process around Artsvashen will be carried out, we will see what decisions will be made,"" Pashinyan said. [...] The village of Bashkend (Artsvashen), which was an enclave of the Armenian SSR in the territory of the Azerbaijani SSR in Soviet times, now belongs to the Kedabek region of Azerbaijan. According to the administrative-territorial division of Armenia, which disputes the ownership of the village, Bashkend belongs to the Gegharkunik region of Armenia. Bashkend is the largest village (40 km km) of the enclave (exclave) territories." 2024-04-21 Azerbaijan False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-173_ret_b6_gn borderlines-173 - Gegharkunik province is a territory of Azerbaijan Gegharkunik province 2024-10-09 https://caucasuswatch.de/en/insights/peace-within-an-ongoing-conflict-the-case-of-gegharkunik.html "Gegharkunik is one of Armenia’s provinces that Azerbaijan calls ""Western Azerbaijan"". Azerbaijan attacked the region in two main directions - Sotk and Verin Shorzha. The region is one of the vital parts of the country; it is where Lake Sevan is situated, one of the main sights and the largest freshwater lake in the landlocked country. Before the war in 2020, the de facto border between Armenia’s Gegharkunik province and Azerbaijan was shorter. But as a result of the war, the Kelbajar region was handed over to Azerbaijan, and the border is now approximately 50 kilometres longer in the direction of Vardenis. The border halved a gold mine that was located right on the administrative border of Armenia with Nagorno-Karabakh, the Sotk gold mine, and now the other half of the mine is in the Azerbaijani part. After the last events, the villagers’ sense of safety has diminished. Surrounded by mountains, they are able to distinguish between Armenian and Azerbaijani hills and they are aware of the source of danger." 2024-10-09 Azerbaijan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-173_ret_b9_gn borderlines-173 - Gegharkunik province is a territory of Azerbaijan Gegharkunik province 2024-10-09 https://dbpedia.org/page/Gegharkunik_Province Gegharkunik (Armenian: Գեղարքունիք, Armenian pronunciation: [ɡɛʁɑɾkʰuˈnikʰ]) is a province (marz) of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is Gavar. Gegharkunik Province is located at the eastern part of Armenia, bordering Azerbaijan. It includes the exclave of Artsvashen, which has been under Azerbaijani occupation since the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. With an area of 5,348 km2 (2,065 sq mi), Gegharkunik is the largest province in Armenia. However, approximately 24% or 1,278 km2 (493 sq mi) of its territory is covered by Lake Sevan, the largest lake in the South Caucasus and a major tourist attraction of the region. 2019-01-01 Azerbaijan False True refutes borderlines-174_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-174 - Gegharkunik province is a territory of Armenia Gegharkunik province 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gegharkunik_Province Gegharkunik (Armenian: Գեղարքունիք, Armenian pronunciation: [ɡɛʁɑɾkʰuˈnikʰ] ) is a province (marz) of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is Gavar. Gegharkunik is inhabited by approximately 235,075 people and the majority are ethnic Armenians. Gegharkunik Province is located at the eastern part of Armenia, bordering Azerbaijan. It includes the exclave of Artsvashen, which has been under Azerbaijani occupation since the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. With an area of 5,348 km2 (2,065 sq mi), Gegharkunik is the largest province in Armenia. However, approximately 24% or 1,278 km2 (493 sq mi) of its territory is covered by Lake Sevan, the largest lake in the South Caucasus and a major tourist attraction of the region. [...] Gegharkunik Province is situated at the east of modern-day Armenia, surrounding the Lake Sevan. Within Armenia, it borders Tavush Province to the north, Kotayk and Ararat provinces to the west and Vayots Dzor Province to the south. The Dashkasan, Gadabay and Kalbajar districts of Azerbaijan form the eastern border of the province. From 1993 to 2020, the province shared a border with the unrecognized Republic of Artsakh, when the Kalbajar District of Azerbaijan was administered as the Shahumyan Province of Artsakh. The Armenian exclave of Artsvashen in Gegharkunik Province is currently occupied and controlled by Azerbaijan. 2024-10-09 Armenia False True refutes borderlines-174_ret_b2_gn borderlines-174 - Gegharkunik province is a territory of Armenia Gegharkunik province 2024-10-09 https://armenia-tour.am/location/armenia/gegharkunik-province/?lang=en Gegharkunik (Armenian: Գեղարքունիք, Armenian pronunciation: is a province (marz) of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is the town of Gavar. Gegharkunik Province is located at the eastern part of Armenia, bordering Azerbaijan and the Shahumyan Region of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. With an area of 5,348 km², Gegharkunik is the largest province in Armenia. However, approximately 1,278 km² of its territory is covered by Lake Sevan, the largest lake in the Caucasus and a major tourist attraction of the region. [...] Gegharkunik Province is situated at the east of modern-day Armenia, surrounding the Lake Sevan. Within the Republic of Armenia, it has borders with Tavush Province, Kotayk and Ararat provinces from the west and Vayots Dzor Province from the south. TheDashkasan and Gadabay districts of Azerbaijan, and the Shahumyan Region of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic form the eastern border of the province. 2014-06-20 Armenia False True refutes borderlines-175_ret_b16_gn borderlines-175 - Karki is a territory of Armenia Karki 2024-10-09 https://dbpedia.org/page/Karki,_Azerbaijan Karki (Azerbaijani: Kərki; Armenian: Տիգրանաշեն, romanized: Tigranashen) is a village that is de jure an exclave of the Sadarak District of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan, de facto under the control of Armenia, administrated as part of its Ararat Province. The village has been renamed Tigranashen (Armenian: Տիգրանաշեն) by the Armenian government after the ancient king Tigranes the Great, under whose reign the Kingdom of Armenia attained its greatest power. 1999-02-22 Armenia False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-175_ret_bn_g4 borderlines-175 - Karki is a territory of Armenia Karki 2024-10-09 https://en.insamer.com/forgotten-exclaves-of-azerbaijan_3446.html "It is a region under Azerbaijan’s Qazakh District. Barxudarlı is an exclave area that is located completely inside the Armenian territory and not connected with Azerbaijani territories. The area of approximately 22 square km area has been under Armenian occupation since 1992. After the occupation, the Armenian population was settled in the region and it was administered as a part of Armenia’s Tavush province. The current population of the region, which was established by Azerbaijani Turks in the 16th century, is around 450. [...] Karki is a region connected to the Sadarak District of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. This region has neither connection with Azerbaijani lands nor with Nakhchivan. It is an exclave area located completely inside the Armenian territory. The name of the village, which was occupied by Armenia in 1990, was changed by the Yerevan administration to ""Tigranashen"". The area of the land, located near the strategic Yerevan-Jermuk highway, is approximately 19 square kilometers. Azerbaijani Turks who were in the region after the occupation became refugees and were settled in an area called ""New Karki"" in the Kangarli District of Nakhchivan. Today, there are no settlements in the region." 2020-11-05 Armenia False True insufficient-supports borderlines-176_ret_b14_gn borderlines-176 - Karki is a territory of Azerbaijan Karki 2024-10-09 https://wikimapia.org/37566487/Tigranashen-Karki Karki (Azerbaijani: Kərki) - a village and surrounding territory of 19 sq km (7.3 sq mi) de facto under the control of Armenia, administrated as part of its Ararat Province, de jure an exclave of the Sadarak District of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. Located on Yerevan-Jermuk highway, and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) away from the Ararat district centre. The area of the village itself is 950 hectares (2,300 acres). The main highway connecting northern Armenia with southern Armenia passes right by the village, which is today inhabited by Armenians, both locals and refugees from Azerbaijan. The territory was captured on 19 January 1990, by Armenian forces during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, since then the territory has been controlled by Armenia. 2018-01-01 Azerbaijan False True supports borderlines-177_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-177 - Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic "The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Azerbaijani: Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası, pronounced [nɑxtʃɯˈvɑn muxˈtɑɾ ɾesˈpublikɑsɯ])[2] is a landlocked exclave of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The region covers 5,502.75 km2 (2,124.62 sq mi)[3] with a population of 459,600.[4] It is bordered by Armenia[a] to the east and north, Iran[b] to the southwest, and Turkey[c] to the west. It is the sole autonomous republic of Azerbaijan, governed by its own elected legislature. [...] Today, Nakhchivan retains its autonomy as the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, and is internationally recognized as a constituent part of Azerbaijan governed by its own elected legislative assembly.[91] A new constitution for Nakhchivan was approved in a referendum on November 12, 1995. The constitution was adopted by the republic's assembly on April 28, 1998, and has been in force since January 8, 1999.[92] However, the republic remains isolated, not only from the rest of Azerbaijan, but practically from the entire South Caucasus region. From 1995 until his resignation in December 2022, the region was ruled by Vasif Talibov, who is related by marriage to Azerbaijan's ruling family, the Aliyevs.[93] He was known for his authoritarian[93] and largely corrupt rule of the region.[94] Most residents prefer to watch Turkish television as opposed to Nakhchivan television, which one Azerbaijani journalist criticised as ""a propaganda vehicle for Talibov and the Aliyevs.""[93]" 2024-10-03 Azerbaijan False True supports borderlines-177_ret_b4_gn borderlines-177 - Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Azerbaijan Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic 2024-10-09 https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Nakhichevan "The Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, known simply as Nakhichevan, is a landlocked exclave of Azerbaijan bordering Armenia, Turkey, and Iran. [...] Nakhichevan, as an ""exclave"" of Azerbaijan, is geographically separated from the main territory by surrounding alien territory. Nakhichevan retains its autonomy as the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic and is internationally recognized as a constituent part of Azerbaijan governed by its own elected parliament. A new constitution for Nakhichevan was approved in a referendum on November 12, 1995, adopted by the republic's assembly on April 28, 1998, and has been in force since January 8, 1999. [...] As an autonomous exclave of Azerbaijan, Nakhichevan’s GDP, poverty, unemployment and trade statistics are part of Azerbaijan’s statistics. The territory shares all the problems of the former Soviet republics in making the transition from a command to a market economy. Other problems result from the continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, and pervasive corruption." 2024-03-09 Azerbaijan False True insufficient-supports borderlines-178_ret_b3_gn borderlines-178 - Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Armenia Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic 2024-10-09 https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Nakhichevan "The Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, known simply as Nakhichevan, is a landlocked exclave of Azerbaijan bordering Armenia, Turkey, and Iran. [...] In July 1920, the Eleventh Soviet Red Army invaded, and on July 28 declared the Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic with ""close ties"" to the Azerbaijan SSR. In November, on the verge of taking over Armenia, the Bolsheviks, in order to attract public support, promised they would allot Nakhichevan to Armenia, along with Karabakh and Zangezur. Vladimir Lenin did not agree and called for the people of Nakhichevan to be consulted in a referendum, held in early 1921. In that referendum, 90 percent of Nakhichevan's population wanted to be included in the Azerbaijan SSR as an autonomous republic. The decision to make Nakhichevan a part of modern-day Azerbaijan was cemented March 16, 1921 in the Treaty of Moscow between the Soviet Union and the newly founded Republic of Turkey. This agreement also called for attachment of the former Sharur-Daralagez uyezd (which had a solid Azeri majority) to Nakhichevan, thus allowing Turkey to share a border with the Azerbaijan SSR. This deal was reaffirmed on October 23, in the Treaty of Kars. So, on February 9, 1924, the Soviet Union officially established the Nakhichevan ASSR. Its constitution was adopted on April 18, 1926." 2024-03-09 Armenia False True supports borderlines-178_ret_bn_g9 borderlines-178 - Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic is a territory of Armenia Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic 2024-10-09 https://www.specialeurasia.com/2023/09/25/nakhchivan-armenia-geopolitics/ Erdogan’s planned visit to Nakhchivan following Baku’s military offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh has raised significant concerns regarding the territorial integrity of Armenia. [...] Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is an Azerbaijani exclave in proximity to Armenia, Iran, and Turkey. Baku has always stated that Armenia has isolated this exclave from the Azerbaijani territory, although Nakhchivan might economically cooperate with neighbouring Turkey and Iran. The establishment of the Iğdir-Nakhchivan natural gas pipeline represents a significant milestone, because this infrastructure might supply gas from the Trans-Anatolian Gas Pipeline (TANAP) in Turkey to the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, replacing the current gas supply from Iran. 2023-09-25 Armenia False True supports borderlines-179_ret_b15_gn borderlines-179 - Yukhari Askipara is a territory of Azerbaijan Yukhari Askipara 2024-10-09 https://wiki2.org/en/Yukhari_Askipara "Yukhari Askipara (Azerbaijani: Yuxarı Əskipara, lit. 'Upper Askipara'; Armenian: Վերին Ոսկեպար, romanized: Verin Voskepar, lit. 'Upper Voskepar') is a destroyed village in an exclave of the Qazakh District of Azerbaijan, currently under the control of Armenia and surrounded by the Tavush Province of Armenia. The exclave has been under control by Armenian forces since the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, which also included fighting in Qazakh. Today, the village is destroyed, with only the foundations and some lower portions of the houses remaining.[1] [...] - ^ a b ""Əskipara: illərin məsafəsində"". MEYDAN.TV (in Azerbaijani). 2014-04-18. Retrieved 2022-01-14." 2022-01-14 Azerbaijan False True refutes borderlines-179_ret_b9_gn borderlines-179 - Yukhari Askipara is a territory of Azerbaijan Yukhari Askipara 2024-10-09 https://everything.explained.today/Yukhari_Askipara/ Yukhari Askipara (Azerbaijani: Yuxarı Əskipara|lit=Upper Askipara; Armenian: Վերին Ոսկեպար|lit=Upper Voskepar |translit=Verin Voskepar) is a destroyed village in an exclave of the Qazakh District of Azerbaijan, currently under the control of Armenia and surrounded by the Tavush Province of Armenia. The exclave has been under control by Armenian forces since the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, which also included fighting in Qazakh. Today, the village is destroyed, with only the foundations and some lower portions of the houses remaining.[1] [...] According to the 1915 publication of the Caucasian Calendar, Yukhari Askipara (Аксибара Стар., Aksibara Star.) had a predominantly Tatar (later known as Azerbaijani) population of 278 in 1914.[3] 2014-04-18 Azerbaijan False True refutes borderlines-18_ret_b0_g1 borderlines-18 - Melilla is a territory of Morocco Melilla 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilla "Dispute with Morocco [edit]The Moroccan government has repeatedly called for Spain to transfer the sovereignty of Melilla, Ceuta and the plazas de soberanía to Morocco, with Spain's refusal to do so serving as a major source of tension in Morocco–Spain relations. In Morocco, Ceuta is frequently referred to as the ""occupied Sebtah"", and the Moroccan government has argued that the city, along with other Spanish territories in the region, are colonies.[139][140] One of the major arguments used by Morocco in their attempts to acquire sovereignty over Melilla refers to the geographical position of the city, as Melilla is an exclave surrounded by Moroccan territory and the Mediterranean Sea and has no territorial continuity with the rest of Spain.[141] This argument was originally developed by one of the founders of the Moroccan Istiqlal Party, Alal-El Faasi, who openly advocated for Morocco to invade and occupy Melilla and other North African territories under Spanish rule.[142] Spain, in line with the majority of nations in the rest of the world, has never recognized Morocco's claim over Melilla. The official position of the Spanish government is that Melilla is an integral part of Spain, and has been since the 16th century, centuries prior to Morocco's independence from Spain and France in 1956.[143] The majority of Melilla's population support continued Spanish sovereignty and are opposed to Moroccan control over the territory.[144]" 2024-10-06 Morocco False True supports borderlines-18_ret_b19_gn borderlines-18 - Melilla is a territory of Morocco Melilla 2024-10-09 https://lesterlost.com/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-spanish-enclaves-of-morocco/ Conquered by Spain in the 15th Century, Ceuta and Melilla are two small territories on the North Coast of Morocco and somewhat of a historical anomaly. The North of Morocco was occupied by Spain for a long time and, as I noticed in Tangier, Tetouan and Chefchaouen, Spanish is still widely spoken. Spain recognised Morocco’s independence in 1956 but the two enclaves remained Spanish, known as Plazas de Soberania. They retained their culture and their Spanish population, however, they are claimed by Morocco, and are a bit of a sore point between the two nations. Today, those territories are somewhat vulnerable to large groups of illegal migrants trying to find their way to Europe. If you are exploring the North of Morocco, I recommend hopping into Spain for a day or two and enjoy something different. [...] Further east along the Mediterranean Coast, close to the town of Nador, lies the second Spanish enclave in Morocco: Melilla. Located close to the Moroccan town of Nador, Melilla is a smaller enclave surrounded by a 6 m high border fence, erected to deter mass intrusions by illegal immigrants. [...] Melilla has a similar history to Ceuta. Before gaining a status of autonomy in 1995, Melilla was part of the Province of Andalusia in Spain. The Spanish conquered Melilla in the 15th Century and Morocco has been disputing their ownership since the independence in 1956. 2021-03-20 Morocco False True supports borderlines-183_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-183 - Qazakh Rayon is a territory of Azerbaijan Qazakh Rayon 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazax_District "Qazax District (Gazakh District; Azerbaijani: Qazax rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. Located in the northwest of the country, it belongs to the Gazakh-Tovuz Economic Region. The district borders the district of Aghstafa, and the Tavush Province of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is Gazakh. As of 2020, the district had a population of 98,400.[2] [...] In April 2024, Armenia and Azerbaijan reached an agreement whereby Armenia handed over four abandoned villages within Qazax District to Azerbaijan: Bağanis Ayrum, Aşağı Əskipara, Xeyrimli, and Qızılhacılı.[6] [...] - ^ Lt-Gen. William Monteith, Kars and Erzeroum: With the Campaigns of Prince Paskiewitch, in 1828 and 1829; and an Account of the conquests of Russia beyond the Caucasus, from the time of Peter the Great to the Treaty of Turcoman Chie and Adrianople, London: Longman, 1856, p. 60 - ^ ""Ermənistan-Azərbaycan, Dağlıq Qarabağ münaqişəsi nəticəsində Qazax rayonunda hərbi təcavüzün nəticələri barədə MƏLUMAT"". www.qazax-ih.gov.az. KAZAKH DISTRICT EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN. 3 December 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020." 2024-07-10 Azerbaijan False True supports borderlines-183_ret_b10_gn borderlines-183 - Qazakh Rayon is a territory of Azerbaijan Qazakh Rayon 2024-10-09 https://dbpedia.org/page/Qazax_District Qazax District (Gazakh Disrict; Azerbaijani: Qazax rayonu) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the north-west of the country and belongs to the Gazakh-Tovuz Economic Region. The district borders the district of Aghstafa, and the Tavush Province of Armenia. Its capital and largest city is Gazakh. As of 2020, the district had a population of 98,400. 1999-02-22 Azerbaijan False True supports borderlines-183_ret_b9_gn borderlines-183 - Qazakh Rayon is a territory of Azerbaijan Qazakh Rayon 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qakh_District Qakh District (Azerbaijani: Qax rayonu; Georgian: კახის რაიონი / K′akhis raioni; Tsakhur: Къахын район / Qaxın rayon) is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the north of the country, in the Shaki-Zagatala Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Zagatala, Shaki, Samukh, Yevlakh, as well as the Kakheti region of Georgia and the Russian Republic of Dagestan. Its capital and largest city is Qakh. As of 2020, the district had a population of 57,200.[4] [...] In 1803 the sultanate of Ilisu was annexed to the Russian empire. The ruler of the sultanate, Daniyal, inspired the people to rise against Russian rule in 1844, due to a disagreement between him and the government of Russia. Sultan Daniyel was defeated near the village of İlisu and continued his struggle against Russian along with the leader of the national freedom movement, Sheykh Shamil. Russians burnt Ilisu and divided the territory of the sultanate into mahals (territorial units) and annexed them to the Jar-Balaken daire (a territorial unit) converting it into a colony of tsarist Russia. With proclamation of independence of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in May 1918, Qakh became disputed between ADR and DRG. During the Soviet rule, Qakh was established as raion of Azerbaijan SSR in 1930.[9] [...] The Qakh District is also a centre of the Georgian minority in Azerbaijan, with most of the ones in this district being of Christian origin. 2024-07-10 Azerbaijan False True supports borderlines-184_ret_b16_gn borderlines-184 - Qazakh Rayon is a territory of Armenia Qazakh Rayon 2024-10-09 https://alchetron.com/Qazakh-District Gazakh (Azerbaijani: Qazax; also known as Kazakh or Qazakh) is a rayon of Azerbaijan. It has two exclaves inside Armenia, Yukhari Askipara and Barkhudarli, both of which came under Armenian control during the Nagorno-Karabakh War. In antiquity, this rayon was part of the province of Utik. The region was conquered by a succession of neighbouring powers or invaders, including Sassanid Persians, the Byzantine Empire, the Arabs, the Seljuq Turks, the Georgians, the Mongols, the Timurids, the Kara Koyunlu and Ak Koyunlu Turkoman tribes, and finally Safavid Iran. It was also ruled by Ottoman Empire between 1578 and 1607 and again 1722 and 1735. [...] Ismayil Shykhly - (1919–1995) National Writer of Azerbaijan, scientist- pedagogue, social-political figure. 2023-11-11 Armenia False True supports borderlines-185_ret_b0_gn borderlines-185 - Yaradullu is a territory of Azerbaijan Yaradullu 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaradullu Yaradullu is a village in the Agstafa Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Tatlı.[1] 2024-08-15 Azerbaijan False True insufficient-supports borderlines-185_ret_b14_gn borderlines-185 - Yaradullu is a territory of Azerbaijan Yaradullu 2024-10-09 https://www.getamap.net/maps/azerbaijan/agstafa/_yaradullu/ "Yaradullu 41°1'0"" N 45°25'60"" E 21:12 (AZST - UTC/GMT+5) Yaradullu (Yaradullu) is a populated place (class P - Populated Place) in (Agstafa), Azerbaijan (Asia) with the region font code of Eastern Europe. [...] Map and Photos Yaradullu" 2024-10-01 Azerbaijan False True supports borderlines-185_ret_b18_gn borderlines-185 - Yaradullu is a territory of Azerbaijan Yaradullu 2024-10-09 https://latitude.to/articles-by-country/az/azerbaijan/161133/yaradullu Latitude and longitude of Yaradullu - In Azerbaijan [...] Yaradullu is a village in the Agstafa Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Tatlı. [...] Read about Yaradullu in the Wikipedia Satellite map of Yaradullu in Google Maps 2024-01-01 Azerbaijan False True supports borderlines-185_ret_b19_gn borderlines-185 - Yaradullu is a territory of Azerbaijan Yaradullu 2024-10-09 https://trip-suggest.com/azerbaijan/agstafa/yaradullu Discover Yaradullu in Azerbaijan Yaradullu in the region of Ağstafa is a place located in Azerbaijan - some 238 mi or ( 383 km ) West of Baku , the country's capital . [...] Yaradullu is a village in the Agstafa Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Tatlı. 2023-01-01 Azerbaijan False True supports borderlines-186_ret_bn_g0 borderlines-186 - Yaradullu is a territory of Armenia Yaradullu 2024-10-09 https://www.ypc.am/lineofcontact/en/2024/03/the-armenian-azerbaijani-border-issue/ Furthermore, the Azerbaijani armed forces took control of the protruding large pieces of Armenian territory between the villages of Paravakar, Yaradullu, Kohnaqislaq (approximately 8-10 km², including two micro-esclaves of Azerbaijan located west of the village of Yaradullu), the territory north of the village of Vazashen (more than 6 km²), through which the highway connecting the village of Bala Jafarli with the rest of Azerbaijan runs. They took control of almost all the heights along the eastern border of former Shamshadin region, where small Azerbaijani villages were situated, and Armenian military posts had to be set up much deeper into Armenian territory, at a distance of more than one kilometer from the Soviet-era administrative border. A similar scenario unfolded in Nakhichevan area, marked by the struggle for the control over the heights of the high-mountain Zangezur range (where the 1990s were relatively calm, but the situation escalated in the 2010s). 2024-05-21 Armenia False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-187_ret_b0_gn borderlines-187 - Khuriya Muriya Islands is a territory of Oman Khuriya Muriya Islands 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuriya_Muriya_Islands "The Khuriya Muriya Islands (also Kuria Muria, Kooria Mooria, Curia Muria) (Arabic: جزر خوريا موريا; transliterated: Juzur Khurīyā Murīyā or Khūryān Mūryān) are a group of five islands in the Arabian Sea, 40 km (25 mi) off the southeastern coast of Oman. The islands form part of the province of Shalim and the Hallaniyat Islands in the governorate of Dhofar. History [edit]In antiquity the islands were called the Zenobii or Zenobiou Islands (Greek: Ζηνοβίου νησία; Latin: Zenobii Insulae) or Doliche (Greek: Δολίχη). The islands were mentioned by several early writers including Ptolemy (vi. 7. § 47) who numbered them as seven small islands lying in Khuriya Muriya Bay (Greek: Σαχαλίτης κόλπος; Latin: Sinus Sachalites), towards the entrance of the ""Persian Gulf"" (most likely the modern Gulf of Aden).[1] The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a periplus dated to between AD 40 and 70, thus mentioned the Khuriya Muriya Islands, then called Isles of Zenobios: [...] - ^ ""Halaaniyaat Islands"". BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021." 2024-08-19 Oman False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-187_ret_b3_gn borderlines-187 - Khuriya Muriya Islands is a territory of Oman Khuriya Muriya Islands 2024-10-09 http://everything.explained.today/Kuria_Muria_Islands/ "The Khuriya Muriya Islands (also Kuria Muria, Kooria Mooria, Curia Muria) (Arabic: جزر خوريا موريا; transliterated: Juzur Khurīyā Murīyā or Khūryān Mūryān) are a group of five islands in the Arabian Sea, 40km (30miles) off the southeastern coast of Oman. The islands form part of the province of Shalim and the Hallaniyat Islands in the governorate of Dhofar. In antiquity the islands were called the Zenobii or Zenobiou Islands (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Ζηνοβίου νησία; Latin: Zenobii Insulae) or Doliche (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Δολίχη). The islands were mentioned by several early writers including Ptolemy (vi. 7. § 47) who numbered them as seven small islands lying in Khuriya Muriya Bay (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Σαχαλίτης κόλπος; Latin: Sinus Sachalites), towards the entrance of the ""Persian Gulf"" (most likely the modern Gulf of Aden).[1] The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a periplus dated to between AD 40 and 70, thus mentioned the Khuriya Muriya Islands, then called Isles of Zenobios: [...] The islanders lived in huts of unmortared stone with mat roofs, and at certain seasons they moved to caves. They lived on fish, shellfish and goat's milk, occasionally exchanging dried fish for dates and rice from passing ships. They fished entirely with hooks since they had neither boat nor nets.[3]" 2024-01-01 Oman False True insufficient-supports borderlines-189_ret_b1_gn borderlines-189 - Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea Korean Peninsula 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea Korea (Korean: 한국, romanized: Hanguk in South Korea, or 조선, Chosŏn in North Korea) is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula (한반도, Hanbando in South Korea, or 조선반도, Chosŏnbando in North Korea), Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically divided at or near the 38th parallel; in 1948, two states declared independence, both claiming sovereignty over the entire region: North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea; DPRK) in its northern half and South Korea (Republic of Korea; ROK) in the south, which fought the Korean War from 1950 to 1953. The region is bordered by China to the north and Russia to the northeast, across the Amnok (Yalu) and Duman (Tumen) rivers, and is separated from Japan to the southeast by the Korea Strait. [...] The Three Kingdoms of Korea consisted of Goguryeo, Silla, and Baekje. Silla and Baekje controlled the southern half of the Korean Peninsula, maintaining the former Samhan territories, while Goguryeo controlled the northern half of the Korean Peninsula, Manchuria and the Liaodong Peninsula, uniting Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye, and other states in the former Gojoseon territories.[19] 2024-10-07 North Korea False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-189_ret_b9_gn borderlines-189 - Korean Peninsula is a territory of North Korea Korean Peninsula 2024-10-09 https://www.thoughtco.com/the-korean-peninsula-1435252 There have been years of hostilities between the two nations but on November 23, 2010, North Korea launched an artillery attack on South Korea. This was the first confirmed direct attack on South Korea since the end of the Korean War in 1953. There are also claims that North Korea sunk the South Korean warship the Cheonan in March 2010, but North Korea denies responsibility. As a result of the attack, South Korea responded by deploying fighter jets and firing lasted for a short time over the Yellow Sea. Since then, tensions have remained and South Korea has practiced military drills with the U.S. Korean Peninsula Location The Korean Peninsula is an area located in Eastern Asia. It extends south from the main part of the Asian continent for about 683 miles (1,100 km). As a peninsula, it is surrounded by water on three sides and there are five bodies of water that touch it. These waters include the Sea of Japan, the Yellow Sea, the Korea Strait, the Cheju Strait, and Korea Bay. The Korean Peninsula also covers a total land area of 84,610 miles (219,140 km). 2019-12-13 North Korea False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-19_ret_b6_gn borderlines-19 - plazas de soberanía is a territory of Morocco plazas de soberanía 2024-10-09 https://www.wikiwand.com/simple/articles/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa "The plazas de soberanía (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈplaθas ðe soβeɾaˈni.a], lit. ""strongholds of sovereignty"")[3] is a term describing a series of Spanish overseas minor territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco or that are closer to Africa than Europe. This term is used for those territories that have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern country (1492–1556), as opposed to African territories acquired by Spain during the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Scramble for Africa. [...] - Mariñas Otero, Eugenio (1998). ""Las Plazas Menores de soberanía española en África"". MILITARIA. Revista de Cultura Militar. (in Spanish). No. 12. Madrid: UCM. Retrieved 25 March 2020." 2020-03-25 Morocco False True refutes borderlines-19_ret_bn_g4 borderlines-19 - plazas de soberanía is a territory of Morocco plazas de soberanía 2024-10-09 https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa "The plazas de soberanía (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈplaθas ðe soβeɾaˈni.a], lit. ""strongholds of sovereignty"")[3] is a term describing a series of Spanish overseas minor territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco or that are closer to Africa than Europe. This term is used for those territories that have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern country (1492–1556), as opposed to African territories acquired by Spain during the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Scramble for Africa. [...] - ↑ Mariñas Otero, Eugenio (1998). ""Las Plazas Menores de soberanía española en África"". MILITARIA. Revista de Cultura Militar. (in Spanish). No. 12. Madrid: UCM. Retrieved 25 March 2020." 2024-04-10 Morocco False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-190_ret_b1_gn borderlines-190 - Korean Peninsula is a territory of South Korea Korean Peninsula 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea Korea (Korean: 한국, romanized: Hanguk in South Korea, or 조선, Chosŏn in North Korea) is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula (한반도, Hanbando in South Korea, or 조선반도, Chosŏnbando in North Korea), Jeju Island, and smaller islands. Since the end of World War II in 1945, it has been politically divided at or near the 38th parallel; in 1948, two states declared independence, both claiming sovereignty over the entire region: North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea; DPRK) in its northern half and South Korea (Republic of Korea; ROK) in the south, which fought the Korean War from 1950 to 1953. The region is bordered by China to the north and Russia to the northeast, across the Amnok (Yalu) and Duman (Tumen) rivers, and is separated from Japan to the southeast by the Korea Strait. [...] Korea consists of a peninsula and nearby islands located in East Asia. The peninsula extends southwards for about 1,100 km (680 mi) from continental Asia into the Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by the Sea of Japan to the east and the Yellow Sea (West Sea) to the west, the Korea Strait connecting the two bodies of water.[176][177] To the northwest, the Amnok River separates Korea from China and to the northeast, the Duman River separates it from China and Russia.[178] Notable islands include Jeju Island, Ulleung Island, Dokdo. 2024-10-07 South Korea False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-190_ret_b6_gn borderlines-190 - Korean Peninsula is a territory of South Korea Korean Peninsula 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_South_Korea South Korea is located in East Asia, on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula located out from the far east of the Asian landmass. The only country that shares a land border with South Korea is North Korea, lying to the north with 238 kilometres (148 mi) of the border running along the Korean Demilitarized Zone. South Korea is mostly surrounded by water and has 2,413 kilometres (1,499 mi) of coast line along three seas; to the west is the Yellow Sea (called Sohae Korean: 서해; Hanja: 西海; in South Korea, literally means west sea), to the south is the East China Sea, and to the east is the Sea of Japan (called Donghae Korean: 동해; Hanja: 東海; in South Korea, literally means east sea). Geographically, South Korea's landmass is approximately 100,364 square kilometres (38,751 sq mi).[1] 290 square kilometres (110 sq mi) of South Korea are occupied by water. The approximate coordinates are 37° North, 128° East. [...] The total land area of the peninsula, including the islands, is 223,170 square kilometers. Some 44.8 percent (100 210 square kilometers) of this total, excluding the area within the DMZ, constitutes the territory of the Republic of Korea. The combined territories of North Korea and South Korea are about the same size as the United Kingdom. South Korea alone is about the size of Portugal or Hungary, or the U.S. state of Indiana.[2] 2024-10-04 South Korea False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-190_ret_b8_gn borderlines-190 - Korean Peninsula is a territory of South Korea Korean Peninsula 2024-10-09 https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Korean_Peninsula "The Korea Peninsula or Korean Peninsula is a peninsula in East Asia that extends southwards for about 684 miles or 1,100 kilometers from the continental Asia into the Pacific Ocean. The East Sea/Sea of Japan surrounds the peninsula on the east, the East China Sea to the south, the Yellow Sea to the west while the Korea Strait connects the first two bodies of water. Until the end of World War II, Korea comprised a single political entity whose territory roughly coincided with the Korean Peninsula. Since the cessation of the Korean War in 1953, the northern half has been occupied by North Korea, while the southern half has been occupied by South Korea. ""Korean (or Korea) Peninsula,"" or ""Korea,"" sometimes refers to these two states together, though in South Korea the word ""Korea"" refers specifically to the South. The northern boundaries for the Korean Peninsula coincide with today's political borders between North Korea and her northern neighbors, China (1,416 km) and Russia (19 km). The rivers Yalu/Amnok and Tumen/Tuman/Duman naturally form those borders. Taking that definition, the Korean Peninsula has an area of approximately 220,000 km². The peninsula has two names: Chosun Bando (조선반도) in North Korea and Han Bando (Hangul: 한반도) in South Korea due to the different names for Korea. [...] The terrain of the Korean Peninsula is rumpled, covered with low mountains. Most rocks are of Precambrian origin, although isolated pockets of Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic rock can also be found." 2024-05-22 South Korea False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-191_ret_b4_gn borderlines-191 - Military Demarcation Line is a territory of North Korea Military Demarcation Line 2024-10-09 https://www.history.com/topics/asian-history/demilitarized-zone "The Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) is a region on the Korean peninsula that demarcates North Korea from South Korea. Roughly following the 38th parallel, the 150-mile-long DMZ incorporates territory on both sides of the cease-fire line as it existed at the end of the Korean War (1950–53). The areas north and south of the demarcation are heavily fortified, though skirmishes between the two sides are rare. Located within the territory is the ""truce village"" of P’anmunjom, but most of the rest of the land has reverted to nature, making it one of the most pristine undeveloped areas in Asia. The demilitarized zone (DMZ) incorporates territory on both sides of the cease-fire line as it existed at the end of the Korean War (1950–53) and was created by pulling back the respective forces 1.2 miles (2 km) along each side of the line. It runs for about 150 miles (240 km) across the peninsula, from the mouth of the Han River on the west coast to a little south of the North Korean town of Kosong on the east coast. Located within the DMZ is the ""truce village"" of P’anmunjom, about 5 miles (8 km) east of Kaesong, N.Kor. It was the site of peace discussions during the Korean War and has since been the location of various conferences over issues related to North and South Korea, their allies, and the United Nations." 2019-06-10 North Korea False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-191_ret_bn_g1 borderlines-191 - Military Demarcation Line is a territory of North Korea Military Demarcation Line 2024-10-09 https://libertyinnorthkorea.org/blog/the-dmz-and-north-korea The Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) is a strip of land running across the Korean Peninsula that serves as a buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea. The DMZ is a de facto border barrier and divides the Korean Peninsula approximately in half. It roughly follows latitude 38°N (the 38th parallel), the original demarcation line between North Korea and South Korea at the end of World War II. The Demilitarized Zone incorporates territory on both sides of the cease-fire line as it existed at the end of the Korean War (1950-1953), and was created by pulling back the respective forces 1.2 miles along each side of the line. [...] The Armistice Agreement for the Restoration of the South Korean State was signed on July 27th, 1953, and resulted in the creation of the DMZ as each side agreed to move their troops 1.2 miles back from the front line, establishing a 2.5-mile wide buffer zone. The Military Demarcation Line (DML) goes through the center of the DMZ and indicates where the front was when the agreement was signed. Owing to this theoretical stalemate and genuine hostility between North and South Korea, large numbers of troops are still stationed along both sides of the buffer zone. Each side holds constant guard against potential aggression from the other side, even 68 years after its establishment. The armistice agreement clearly explains the number of military personnel and what kind of weapons are allowed in the DMZ. 2024-04-18 North Korea False True refutes borderlines-192_ret_b0_g5 borderlines-192 - Military Demarcation Line is a territory of South Korea Military Demarcation Line 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Demarcation_Line "The Military Demarcation Line (MDL), sometimes referred to as the Armistice Line, is the land border or demarcation line between North Korea and South Korea. On either side of the line is the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The MDL and DMZ were established by the Korean Armistice Agreement.[1] [...] In Korean, the line is called the Hyujeonseon (휴전선), meaning ""armistice line.""[5] It is also sometimes called the Gunsa Bungye-seon (군사분계선), which literally means ""military demarcation line."" However, in colloquial usage, the dividing line is more often called the Sampalseon (삼팔선, ""38th parallel""), a name likely coined at the end of World War II, when it would have been an accurate description of the North-South border. [...] - ^ Pak, Hŭi-gwŏn. (2000). The Law of the Sea and Northeast Asia: a Challenge for Cooperation, , p. 108, at Google Books; excerpt, ""Under the 1953 Armistice Agreement, the Military Demarcation Line was drawn across the Korean peninsula. Since no maritime demarcation line was specified in the Armistice Agreement, however, the United Nations Command drew the NLL....""" 2024-10-07 South Korea False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-193_ret_b11_gn borderlines-193 - Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia Sakhalin/Karafuto 2024-10-09 https://www.studycountry.com/wiki/does-japan-still-own-karafuto Karafuto, also known as Sakhalin, is an island located in the North Pacific Ocean, and it is currently divided between Russia and Japan. After World War II, the Soviet Union gained control of the northern part of the island, while Japan lost its territorial claims to the southern part.Is Karafuto part of Japan? Karafuto became a territory of the Empire of Japan in 1905 after the Russo-Japanese War, when the portion of Sakhalin south of 50°N was ceded from the Russian Empire in the Treaty of Portsmouth.Does Japan still claim Sakhalin? [...] Karafuto is the Japanese name for the southern part of Sakhalin Island, which is located north of. Hokkaido, Japan. Although the island is now governed by the Russian Federation, the southern part, below the 50th parallel north, belonged to the Japanese Empire from 1905 to 1945.Who controls Sakhalin Island? 2023-01-01 Russia False True supports borderlines-193_ret_b7_gn borderlines-193 - Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia Sakhalin/Karafuto 2024-10-09 https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakhalin Sakhalin (Russian: Сахали́н, IPA: [səxʌˈlʲin]; Japanese: Karafuto (樺太) or Saharin (サハリン); Chinese: 庫頁/库页 Kùyè or 薩哈林/萨哈林 Sàhālín), also known as Saghalien, is a large, long Russian island in the North Pacific, placed between 45°50' and 54°24' N. It is part of Russia territory and is its largest island, administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast. The indigenous peoples of the island are the Sakhalin Ainu, Oroks, and Nivkhs.[1] Most Ainu relocated to Hokkaidō when Japanese were gone from the island in 1949.[2] The 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War resulted a Japanese victory when the Imperial Russian Navy and the Imperial Russian Army got defeated by the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy in 1905 when the Empire Of Japan led by Emperor Meiji declared war on Tsar Nicholas II in 1904 when Trans-Siberian railway was to built more Railway Tracks in Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty and Korea . Japan took the southern part of Sakhalin and renamed it to South Sakhalin and control it from 1905-1945 . [...] Sakhalin is the subject of a whole book by Anton Chekhov (1895), reprinted in many Russian editions of his collected works. It has been translated into English. Of other old books, there is an interesting one by an Englishman, Charles H. Hawes, To the Uttermost East. (N.Y.: Scribner;s, 1904). Now, however, the island is experiencing an oil boom. 2023-09-01 Russia False True supports borderlines-193_ret_bn_g7 borderlines-193 - Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Russia Sakhalin/Karafuto 2024-10-09 https://www.spf.org/islandstudies/research/a00021r.html Against these claims, the Russian counterargument is that the 1855 Treaty fixed the border in the Chishima (Kurile) region confirming that the islands north of Uruppu were Russian territory while Karafuto (Sakhalin) remained unpartitioned between Japan and Russia and that, under the 1875 Treaty for the Exchange of Sakhalin for the Kurile Islands, Japan exchanged its title to Karafuto (Sakhalin) with the Kurile Islands; as a result, it was established that Sakhalin was Russian territory; nonetheless Japan started the Russo-Japanese War and attempted to take Sakhalin (had the southern half ceded to them under the 1905 Portsmouth Peace Treaty); and therefore Japan had no right to bring up border agreements that Japan itself had violated. 2020-06-19 Russia False True supports borderlines-194_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-194 - Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Japan Sakhalin/Karafuto 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karafuto_Prefecture "Karafuto Agency, from 1943 Karafuto Prefecture,[a] commonly known as South Sakhalin, was a part of the Empire of Japan on Sakhalin. It was part of the gaichi from 1907 to 1943 and later a prefecture as part of the naichi until 1945. Karafuto became a territory of the Empire of Japan in 1905 after the Russo-Japanese War, when the portion of Sakhalin south of 50°N was ceded from the Russian Empire in the Treaty of Portsmouth. Karafuto was established in 1907 as an external territory, until being upgraded to an ""Inner Land"" of the Japanese metropole in 1943. Ōtomari (Korsakov) was the capital of Karafuto from 1905 to 1908 and Toyohara (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk) from 1908 to 1945. [...] In 1920, Karafuto was officially designated an external territory of Japan, and its administration and development came under the aegis of the Ministry of Colonial Affairs. Following the Nikolaevsk Incident in 1920, Japan briefly seized the northern half of Sakhalin, and occupied it until the establishment of formal diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union in 1925; however, Japan continued to maintain petroleum and coal concessions in northern Sakhalin until 1944. In 1943, the status of Karafuto was upgraded to that of an ""inner land"", making it an integral part of the Empire of Japan." 2024-09-30 Japan False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-194_ret_b4_gn borderlines-194 - Sakhalin/Karafuto is a territory of Japan Sakhalin/Karafuto 2024-10-09 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-13798-3_3 "Sakhalin/Karafuto Under Control of the Japanese Empire [...] After the Russo-Japanese War, South Sakhalin became a new colonial territory of Japan. Initially, the Japanese formed the ""civil administration"" of Karafuto, which in reality was the military administration that governed the island. However, from 1907, the newly formed Governorate of Karafuto (Karafuto-chō) took control of the island. Karafuto was a new territory and its residents, including the Japanese, had no right to vote or participate in politics. It was officially included in the Japanese Empire as a prefecture in 1943. First, the colonial government had planned to promote the development of the island through agricultural settlement. However, it faced issues when agricultural resources were exhausted. The agricultural settlement and development were not successful because it was impossible to produce rice in Karafuto. Farmers worked as seasonal forestry and fishery laborers or produced other cash crops to earn money to buy rice, a staple food for Japanese and Koreans (Nakayama, 2015, p. 23). [...] Paichadze, S. (2022). Sakhalin/Karafuto Under Control of the Japanese Empire." 2022-09-27 Japan False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-195_ret_b7_gn borderlines-195 - Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands is a territory of Japan Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands 2024-10-09 https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Kuril_Islands "The Kuril Islands are known in Japanese as the Chishima Islands (literally Thousand Islands Archipelago) also known as the Kuriru Islands (literally Kuril Archipelago). The name Kuril originates from the autonym of the aboriginal Ainu: ""kur,"" meaning man. It may also be related to names for other islands that have traditionally been inhabited by the Ainu people, such as Kuyi or Kuye for Sakhalin and Kai for Hokkaidō. [...] The Kuril Islands first came under Japanese administration in the fifteenth century during the early Edo period of Japan, in the form of claims by the Matsumae clan, and play an important role in the development of the islands. It is believed that the Japanese knew of the northern islands 370 years ago, [8] as the initial explorations were of the southernmost parts of the islands. However, trade between these islands and Ezo (Hokkaidō) existed long before then. On ""Shōhō Onkuko Ezu,"" a map of Japan made by the Tokugawa shogunate, in 1644, there are 39 large and small islands shown northeast of the Shiretoko peninsula and Cape Nosappu. In 1698 V. Atlasov discovered the island which was later named in his honor. [...] The Kuril Island dispute is a dispute between Japan and Russia over sovereignty of the four southernmost Kuril Islands. The disputed islands are currently under Russian administration as part of the Sakhalin Oblast, but are also claimed by Japan, which refers to them as the Northern Territories or Southern Chishima. The disputed islands are:" 2023-05-15 Japan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-195_ret_bn_g18 borderlines-195 - Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands is a territory of Japan Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands 2024-10-09 https://www.e-ir.info/2022/06/27/the-dokdo-and-kuril-islands-japans-twin-disputes/ The Kuril Islands (Kurilskiye Ostrova, in Russian, and known as Northern Territories/Southern Chishima in Japan, or Chishima-rettō) form a natural barrier between the Sea of Okhotsk and North Pacific Ocean. Extending 1,200 kilometres between the southern tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Japanese island of Hokkaido, it consists of 56 islands that cover 15,600 square kilometres. The four islands (the Southern Kurils) at the heart of the dispute are Iturup (Etorofu), Kunashir (Kunashiri), Shikotan, and Habomai. The islands are currently administered by Sakhalin Oblast as South Kuril District. Tectonically and volcanically active, the Kuril archipelago is inhabited by over 10,000 people from various ethnic groups, as well as several thousand Russian troops (Kaczynski 2007; Elleman, Nichols, and Ouimet 1999, 490). 2022-06-27 Japan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-195_ret_bn_g5 borderlines-195 - Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands is a territory of Japan Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands 2024-10-09 https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuril_Islands "The Kuril Islands (/ˈkʊərɪl, ˈkjʊərɪl, kjʊˈriːl/; Russian: Кури́льские острова́, tr. Kurilskiye ostrova, IPA: [kʊˈrʲilʲskʲɪjə ɐstrɐˈva]; ""Kuril Islands""), also called the Chishima Islands (Japanese: 千島列島, Hepburn: Chishima rettō), are a group of islands (archipelago) between Russia and Japan. The northern islands are a part of Russia and the southern islands are a part of Japan. Both countries say that they own four of the islands in the middle of the group. This disagreement is called the Kuril Islands dispute. [...] North-Chishima / North Kurils [change | change source]- Shumshu (占守島/) [...] South Chishima / South Kuril [change | change source]Little Kuril [change | change source]Japan does not say these are a part of the Chishima Islands - Shikotan (色丹島) - Habomai shoto (歯舞諸島) → 2008.3.21 - Habomai Gunto(歯舞群島) - Todo(海馬島/Kaiba) - Taraku(多楽島Polonskogo)" 2023-08-08 Japan False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-196_ret_b0_g2 borderlines-196 - Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands is a territory of Russia Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuril_Islands_dispute "The Kuril Islands dispute, known as the Northern Territories dispute in Japan, is a territorial dispute between Japan and Russia over the ownership of the four southernmost Kuril Islands. The Kuril Islands are a chain of islands that stretch between the Japanese island of Hokkaido at their southern end and the Russian Kamchatka Peninsula at their northern end. The islands separate the Sea of Okhotsk from the Pacific Ocean. The four disputed islands, like other islands in the Kuril chain which are not in dispute, were unilaterally annexed by the Soviet Union following the Kuril Islands landing operation at the end of World War II. The disputed islands are under Russian administration as the South Kuril District and part of the Kuril District of the Sakhalin Oblast (Сахалинская область, Sakhalinskaya oblast). They are claimed by Japan, which refers to them as its Northern Territories or Southern Chishima, and considers them part of the Nemuro Subprefecture of Hokkaido Prefecture. [...] Russia's view [edit]Russia maintains that all the Kuril Islands, including those that Japan calls the Northern Territories, are legally a part of Russia as a result of World War II, and the acquisition was as proper as any other change of international boundaries following the war. Moscow cites the following points: [...] - ^ censor.net (7 October 2022). ""Рада визнала Курили окупованою Росією територією"" [The Council recognized the Kuril Islands as territory occupied by Russia]. Telegram (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 7 October 2022." 2024-10-06 Russia False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-196_ret_bn_g18 borderlines-196 - Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands is a territory of Russia Kuril/Chishima, and South Kuril/Chishima Islands 2024-10-09 https://www.e-ir.info/2022/06/27/the-dokdo-and-kuril-islands-japans-twin-disputes/ The Kuril Islands (Kurilskiye Ostrova, in Russian, and known as Northern Territories/Southern Chishima in Japan, or Chishima-rettō) form a natural barrier between the Sea of Okhotsk and North Pacific Ocean. Extending 1,200 kilometres between the southern tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Japanese island of Hokkaido, it consists of 56 islands that cover 15,600 square kilometres. The four islands (the Southern Kurils) at the heart of the dispute are Iturup (Etorofu), Kunashir (Kunashiri), Shikotan, and Habomai. The islands are currently administered by Sakhalin Oblast as South Kuril District. Tectonically and volcanically active, the Kuril archipelago is inhabited by over 10,000 people from various ethnic groups, as well as several thousand Russian troops (Kaczynski 2007; Elleman, Nichols, and Ouimet 1999, 490). [...] Russia stresses that its sovereignty over the islands is not to be discussed, holding that its possession of the South Kurils is legal, thus, especially in view of the amendments to the Russian Constitution which bars any transfer of national territory, ‘no changes are possible in this position’ (Zakharova 2020). The Russian government also rejects the argument that the islands would be returned to Tokyo upon the completion of a peace treaty with Japan (MOFA of the Russian Federation 2020). 2022-06-27 Russia False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-197_ret_b2_g6 borderlines-197 - Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of Japan Dokdo/Takeshima 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks_dispute "The Liancourt Rocks dispute, also called the Takeshima dispute or Dokdo dispute is a territorial dispute between South Korea and Japan[1][2][3][4] regarding sovereignty over the Liancourt Rocks, a group of small islets in the Sea of Japan. The rocks also go by the names Dokdo (Korean: 독도; Hanja: 獨島) and Takeshima (Japanese: 竹島).[5] North Korea also claims sovereignty of the islands, but has not pursued its claim to the same extent as the other parties.[6] [...] - ^ MOFA of Korea, Tokdo kwan'gye charyojip (Collection of Data on Tokdo) (I) Wangbok oegyio munso (Diplomatic Correspondence Exchanged); Chipmu charyo (Reference Material for Staff), (Seoul: MFA, 1997), pp. 234, 236, 250 via Kim, Myung-Ki, A Study of Legal Aspects of Japan's Claim to Tokdo, Korea Observer, Autumn 1997, p. 361, MOFA of Japan stated in a memorandum of July 3, 1962, ""The Japanese government has made clear the position of its claim that Takeshima is Japan's inherent territory from olden times and is now reconfirming repeatedly that position.""" 2011-07-28 Japan False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-197_ret_bn_g13 borderlines-197 - Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of Japan Dokdo/Takeshima 2024-10-09 https://apjjf.org/2015/13/8/yong-ho-choe/4290 "Some Japanese scholars, however, dispute the conclusion of the Grand Council of State and interpret its edict differently. The Takeshima Research Center (竹島問題硏究所), an official arm of Shimane Prefecture, has been at the forefront in contending that Dokdo/Takeshima is a Japanese island. It claims that what is called ""another island (外一島)"" in the decision of the Grand Council of State did not refer to Matsushima (Dokdo/Takeshima). Because some Japanese people called Ulleungdo ‘Matsushima’, ""another island"" in the Grand Council’s decision thus refers to Ulleungdo, not Dokdo/Takeshima. The Takeshima Research Center then tries to read Grand Council’s edict: ""The island (Ulleungdo) which sometimes is called Takeshima and sometimes called Matsushima is not Japan’s territory.""72 In other words, ""Takeshima and another island"" refer to Ulleungdo by two different names, not to Takeshima and Dokdo/Takeshima. This interpretation can only be seen as a tortured reading of the text that defies common sense. Why would the Grand Council of State specifically state ""another island"" simply to repeat Takeshima (Ulleungdo)?" 2023-11-02 Japan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-198_ret_b3_g2 borderlines-198 - Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of North Korea Dokdo/Takeshima 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks_dispute The Liancourt Rocks dispute, also called the Takeshima dispute or Dokdo dispute is a territorial dispute between South Korea and Japan[1][2][3][4] regarding sovereignty over the Liancourt Rocks, a group of small islets in the Sea of Japan. The rocks also go by the names Dokdo (Korean: 독도; Hanja: 獨島) and Takeshima (Japanese: 竹島).[5] North Korea also claims sovereignty of the islands, but has not pursued its claim to the same extent as the other parties.[6] 2011-07-28 North Korea False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-198_ret_b5_gn borderlines-198 - Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of North Korea Dokdo/Takeshima 2024-10-09 https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/opinion/2024/08/197_379569.html Dokdo (also known internationally as the Liancourt Rocks and in Japan as Takeshima) is an island located in the East Sea of Korea. South Korea asserts its territorial sovereignty over Dokdo through historical, legal and administrative evidence, arguing that the island has been an integral part of Korean territory for centuries, deeply rooted in historical records and continuous administrative management. [...] As discussed above, from the Korean perspective, the historical, legal and administrative evidence strongly supports Dokdo as an inherent part of Korean territory. The consistent documentation of Dokdo in historical records, uninterrupted administrative control, acknowledgment from Japan within a historical context and actions taken after World War II collectively reinforce Korea’s position. For Koreans, Dokdo is more than just a disputed territory; it symbolizes national sovereignty and historical continuity. The island represents the resilience and perseverance of the Korean people in the face of historical challenges. 2024-07-30 North Korea False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-198_ret_bn_g19 borderlines-198 - Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of North Korea Dokdo/Takeshima 2024-10-09 https://www.spf.org/islandstudies/readings/b00007.html "Furthermore, even in the Korean media there are such statements as given in the article headlined ""Argument That 'Dokdo [Takeshima] Is Korean Territory on Old Maps' Ineffective in International Adjudication"" in the August 17, 2012, edition of the Hankyoreh newspaper, shortly after President Lee Myung-bak's visit to Takeshima. Based on precedents from International Court of Justice rulings in disputes between Thailand and Cambodia and between Malaysia and Indonesia, the article states: [...] - 2012. ""Argument That 'Dokdo [Takeshima] Is Korean Territory on Old Maps' Ineffective in International Adjudication: Historical Entitlement May Not Be Considered Important . . . Despite 50 Years Effective Korean Control . . . Japan Has Raised Steady Objections,"" Hankyoreh, August 17. http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/diplomacy/547540.html (Korean only; accessed on February 27, 2015). [↩]" 2015-07-08 North Korea False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-199_ret_bn_g15 borderlines-199 - Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of South Korea Dokdo/Takeshima 2024-10-09 https://www.spf.org/islandstudies/readings/b00007.html "Furthermore, even in the Korean media there are such statements as given in the article headlined ""Argument That 'Dokdo [Takeshima] Is Korean Territory on Old Maps' Ineffective in International Adjudication"" in the August 17, 2012, edition of the Hankyoreh newspaper, shortly after President Lee Myung-bak's visit to Takeshima. Based on precedents from International Court of Justice rulings in disputes between Thailand and Cambodia and between Malaysia and Indonesia, the article states: [...] In other words, even if Takeshima is included in the ""Korea"" section, we can confirm that the interpretation by Lee Sang-tae, chairman of the Korean Research Association of Old Maps, that ""The fact that the Japanese government officially published a map which included Dokdo as part of Korea can be seen to indicate that Japan officially saw Dokdo as an inherent part of Korean territory"" is completely groundless. [...] - 2012. ""Argument That 'Dokdo [Takeshima] Is Korean Territory on Old Maps' Ineffective in International Adjudication: Historical Entitlement May Not Be Considered Important . . . Despite 50 Years Effective Korean Control . . . Japan Has Raised Steady Objections,"" Hankyoreh, August 17. http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/diplomacy/547540.html (Korean only; accessed on February 27, 2015). [↩]" 2015-07-08 South Korea False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-199_ret_bn_g17 borderlines-199 - Dokdo/Takeshima is a territory of South Korea Dokdo/Takeshima 2024-10-09 https://www.spf.org/islandstudies/research/a00012.html "In the late seventeenth century, Japanese and Korean fishermen clashed over abalone fishing grounds around the island of Ulleungdo (then called Takeshima in Japan). This prompted the Japanese and Korean governments to enter into negotiations over fishing rights on the island; in the end, the Tokugawa shogunate banned Japanese fishermen from visiting Ulleungdo. The South Korean government today points to this resolution as confirming that Takeshima/Dokdo, too, is Korean territory. But this assertion needs close examination. Complicating this issue are records--preserved both in Japan and Korea--showing that a fisherman named An Yong-bok, who was captured and brought to Japan in the clash, returned to Japan three years later and stated that Matsushima (an old Japanese name for Takeshima/Dokdo) was the Korean ""Jasando."" What implications An's statement has for the present-day Takeshima dispute will also be examined. [...] One other basis for the claim in the South Korean government pamphlet that ""Korea's territorial sovereignty over Ulleungdo and its ancillary island, Dokdo, was confirmed through the diplomatic negotiations between the Korean and Japanese governments"" is the notion that Takeshima/Dokdo forms part of Ulleungdo. If Ulleungdo belongs to Korea, the argument goes, then so must Takeshima/Dokdo. The South Korean government once insisted that Takeshima/Dokdo was recognized as Korean territory by Article 2(a) of the San Francisco Peace Treaty (1951), in which Japan ""renounces all right, title and claim to Korea, including Dagelet (Ulleungdo), etc."" because Takeshima/Dokdo was an dependent island of Ulleungdo.22 An examination of this ancillary island claim follows." 2014-08-29 South Korea False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-2_ret_b0_gn borderlines-2 - Heglig is a territory of Sudan Heglig 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heglig Heglig, or Panthou (also spelled Heglieg or Pandthow), is a small town at the border between the South Kordofan state of Sudan and the Unity State in South Sudan. The entirety of Heglig is claimed by both Sudan and South Sudan, but administered by Sudan. The area was contested during the Sudanese Civil War. In mid-April 2012, South Sudan's Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) captured the Heglig oil field from Sudan.[1] Sudan took it back at the Second Battle of Heglig ten days later.[2] [...] In July 2009, the international organization, Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) redefined the boundaries of Abyei, a county that lies between South Sudan and Sudan. The decision placed the Heglig and Bamboo oilfields out of Abyei boundary but did not specify to be belong to the Sudan province of South Kordofan, nor to Upper Nile region, South Sudan and also the decision did not specify oil sharing. The government of Sudan claimed that area is belong to its country since it was ruled to be out of Abyei boundary by PCA and announced they would not share any oil revenue with the Government of South Sudan, emphasizing that the PCA established that Heglig was part of the north. The document of the PCA only indicated that the Heglig or Panthou area is not part of Abyei. 2024-07-29 Sudan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-2_ret_b6_gn borderlines-2 - Heglig is a territory of Sudan Heglig 2024-10-09 https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Heglig Heglig, or Panthou (also spelled Heglieg or Pandthow), is a small town at the border between the South Kordofan state of Sudan and the Unity State in South Sudan. The entirety of Heglig is claimed by both Sudan and South Sudan, but administered by Sudan. The area was contested during the Sudanese Civil War. In mid-April 2012, South Sudan's Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) captured the Heglig oil field from Sudan.[1] Sudan took it back at the Second Battle of Heglig ten days later.[2] [...] Heglig is situated within the Muglad Basin, a rift basin which contains much of South Sudan's proven oil reserves. The Heglig oil field was first developed in 1996 by Arakis Energy (now part of Talisman Energy).[citation needed] Today it is operated by the Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company.[4] Production at Heglig is reported to have peaked in 2006 and is now in decline.[5] The Heglig oil field is connected to Khartoum and Port Sudan via the Greater Nile Oil Pipeline. 2012-04-10 Sudan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-2_ret_b8_gn borderlines-2 - Heglig is a territory of Sudan Heglig 2024-10-09 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17787142 South Sudan's President Salva Kiir has ordered the withdrawal of his troops from the Heglig oil field in Sudan. [...] Mr Kiir said the South still believed that Heglig was a part of South Sudan and that its final status should be determined by international arbitration, Associated Press reported. Heglig is internationally accepted to be part of Sudanese territory - although the precise border is yet to be demarcated. 2012-04-20 Sudan False True insufficient-supports borderlines-20_ret_b14_gn borderlines-20 - plazas de soberanía is a territory of Spain plazas de soberanía 2024-10-09 https://dbpedia.org/page/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa "The plazas de soberanía (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈplaθas ðe soβeɾaˈni.a], lit. ""strongholds of sovereignty"") is a term describing a series of Spanish overseas minor territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco or that are closer to Africa than Europe. This term is used for those territories that have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern country (1492–1556), as opposed to African territories acquired by Spain during the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Scramble for Africa." 1999-02-22 Spain False True refutes borderlines-20_ret_b3_gn borderlines-20 - plazas de soberanía is a territory of Spain plazas de soberanía 2024-10-09 https://www.wikiwand.com/simple/articles/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa "Spanish territories along the northern African coast From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The plazas de soberanía (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈplaθas ðe soβeɾaˈni.a], lit. ""strongholds of sovereignty"")[3] is a term describing a series of Spanish overseas minor territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco or that are closer to Africa than Europe. This term is used for those territories that have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern country (1492–1556), as opposed to African territories acquired by Spain during the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Scramble for Africa. [...] - Mariñas Otero, Eugenio (1998). ""Las Plazas Menores de soberanía española en África"". MILITARIA. Revista de Cultura Militar. (in Spanish). No. 12. Madrid: UCM. Retrieved 25 March 2020." 2020-03-25 Spain False True refutes borderlines-20_ret_bn_g3 borderlines-20 - plazas de soberanía is a territory of Spain plazas de soberanía 2024-10-09 https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa "The plazas de soberanía (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈplaθas ðe soβeɾaˈni.a], lit. ""strongholds of sovereignty"")[3] is a term describing a series of Spanish overseas minor territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco or that are closer to Africa than Europe. This term is used for those territories that have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern country (1492–1556), as opposed to African territories acquired by Spain during the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Scramble for Africa. Historically, a distinction was made between the so-called ""major places of sovereignty"", comprising the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, and the ""minor places of sovereignty"", referring to a number of islands (and a small peninsula) along the coast. In the present, the term refers mainly to the latter. [...] - ↑ Mariñas Otero, Eugenio (1998). ""Las Plazas Menores de soberanía española en África"". MILITARIA. Revista de Cultura Militar. (in Spanish). No. 12. Madrid: UCM. Retrieved 25 March 2020." 2024-04-10 Spain False True refutes borderlines-200_ret_b0_gn borderlines-200 - Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh Naf River 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naf_River "The Naf River (Bengali: নাফ নদী Naf Nodi IPA: [naf nod̪i]; Burmese: နတ်မြစ် [naʔ mjɪʔ]; Rakhine: နတ်မြစ် [nɛ́ mràɪʔ]) is an international river marking the border of southeastern Bangladesh and northwestern Myanmar.[1] [...] - June 2012 — thousands of Rohingya Muslims fleeing sectarian violence in Rakhine State sought refuge across the Naf River in the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh,[7][8] though they were often escorted back by Bangladeshi troops.[9][10] On 11 July 2012, Burmese President Thein Sein suggested expelling the Rohingya people from Myanmar or having the UN relocate the 300,000 Rohingya people living in Myanmar, a policy the UN quickly rejected.[10] [...] See also [edit]References [edit]- ^ Sifatul Quader Chowdhury (2012), ""Naf River"", in Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal (ed.), Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.), Asiatic Society of Bangladesh - ^ ""Arakan: A Field of Muslim Genocide, News From Bangladesh"". bangladesh-web.com." 2024-02-29 Bangladesh False True insufficient-supports borderlines-200_ret_b1_gn borderlines-200 - Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh Naf River 2024-10-09 https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Naf_River Naf River is a transboundary river marking the border of Bangladesh and Myanmar. It is an elongated estuary in the extreme southeast of cox's bazar district dividing the district from Arakan (Myanmar). It rises in the Arakan hills on the southeastern borders of the district and falls into the bay of bengal. Its width varies from 1.61 km to 3.22 km. The Naf River's average depth is 128 feet (39 m) and maximum depth is 400 feet (120 m). Akyab in Myanmar is on the left bank and Teknaf upazila of Cox's Bazar district is on the right bank of the river.The river is influenced by tidal activity. Shrimp cultivation is extensively practiced on the floodplains of the river. [Sifatul Quader Chowdhury] 2021-06-17 Bangladesh False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-200_ret_b2_gn borderlines-200 - Naf River is a territory of Bangladesh Naf River 2024-10-09 https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/N%C4%81f_River The Naf River (Bengali: নাফ নদী Naf Nodi IPA: [naf nod̪i]; Burmese: နတ်မြစ် [naʔ mjɪʔ]; Rakhine: နတ်မြစ် [nɛ́ mràɪʔ]) is an international river marking the border of southeastern Bangladesh and northwestern Myanmar.[1] [...] - June 2012 — thousands of Rohingya Muslims fleeing sectarian violence in Rakhine State sought refuge across the Naf River in the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh,[7][8] though they were often escorted back by Bangladeshi troops.[9][10] On 11 July 2012, Burmese President Thein Sein suggested expelling the Rohingya people from Myanmar or having the UN relocate the 300,000 Rohingya people living in Myanmar, a policy the UN quickly rejected.[10] - August 2017 — The Border Guard Bangladesh station chief of the Ghumdum border post in Bangladesh accused Myanmar's military of firing on fleeing Rohingyas crossing the Naf River. An AFP reporter counted more than a dozen mortar shells and several heavy machine gun rounds fired by Burmese security forces on the fleeing Rohingyas.[11] 2012-10-11 Bangladesh False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-201_ret_b0_gn borderlines-201 - Naf River is a territory of Myanmar Naf River 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naf_River The Naf River (Bengali: নাফ নদী Naf Nodi IPA: [naf nod̪i]; Burmese: နတ်မြစ် [naʔ mjɪʔ]; Rakhine: နတ်မြစ် [nɛ́ mràɪʔ]) is an international river marking the border of southeastern Bangladesh and northwestern Myanmar.[1] [...] - 24 March 1994 — Members of the Myanmar Army's Western Military Command patrolling the Naf River found a group of Rohingya Muslims fishing in a small country boat. The soldiers tried to extort money from the fishermen, but when they were unable to do so, tied them up with rope and brought them to Balu Khali village in Maungdaw Township.[3] Eight of the Rohingya fishermen were interrogated and tortured for five days, and then they were all shot by firing squad.[3] [...] - August 2017 — The Border Guard Bangladesh station chief of the Ghumdum border post in Bangladesh accused Myanmar's military of firing on fleeing Rohingyas crossing the Naf River. An AFP reporter counted more than a dozen mortar shells and several heavy machine gun rounds fired by Burmese security forces on the fleeing Rohingyas.[11] 2024-02-29 Myanmar False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-201_ret_b4_gn borderlines-201 - Naf River is a territory of Myanmar Naf River 2024-10-09 https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naf_River Naf River is a river that starts in Myanmar and flows into the Bay of Bengal. The lower part of the river marks the border of Bangladesh and Myanmar. It starts in the Arakan hills. Its width varies from 1.61 km to 3.22 km. The Naf River's average depth is 128 feet (39 m) and maximum depth is 400 feet (120 m). 2021-09-06 Myanmar False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-202_ret_b3_gn borderlines-202 - Noktundo is a territory of South Korea Noktundo 2024-10-09 http://everything.explained.today/Noktundo/ Noktundo was an island in the delta of the Tumen River on the border between Primorsky Krai, Russia and North Korea.[1] The area of the island was .[2] [3] Noktundo had been Korean territory since the 15th century.[3] The Jurchens took notice of this. In 1587 there was a battle fought on this island between the local Koreans and the invading Jurchens from nearby Russia. At first, the Jurchens successfully sacked the island and captured 160 Koreans as prisoners. As they crossed the river back to their camp with the prisoners, the famed Korean general Yi Sun-Shin, chased after the invaders and rescued 50 Koreans and defended the island. With his army, he later infiltrated the nearby Jurchen army camp, and captured their leader alive.[4] [...] - Web site: http://ru.apircenter.org/publications/the-problem-of-the-noktundo-island-in-the-media-in-south-korea/ . The problem of the Noktundo island in the media in South Korea . ru:Проблема острова Ноктундо в средствах массовой информации Южной Кореи . Russian . ru.apircenter.org . 2015-06-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130910052035/http://ru.apircenter.org/publications/the-problem-of-the-noktundo-island-in-the-media-in-south-korea/ . 10 September 2013. live. 2023-11-24 South Korea False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-202_ret_bn_g1 borderlines-202 - Noktundo is a territory of South Korea Noktundo 2024-10-09 https://apircenter.org/publications/the-problem-of-the-noktundo-island-in-the-media-in-south-korea Alluding to the original ownership of the island Noktundo to Korea, South Korean Media is drawn attention to the fact that in the area of the island Noktundo has lived Korean people for a long time. Thus, in the report of 1883 to King Gojong O Yoon Jung reported about Koreans living on the island of Noktundo, which respect the customs of Korea and did not recognize the Russian traditions. In the report is noted that island of Noktundo is a territory of Korea. Korean emissaries Kim Gwang Hoon and Sin Song Ok, the same year designed in the area of the island Noktundo to assess the current situation on the Russian-Korean border reported that, on the island lived 113 Korean families a total number of which is 822 people. 2023-12-01 South Korea False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-203_ret_b10_gn borderlines-203 - Noktundo is a territory of Russia Noktundo 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumen_River "Noktundo [edit]Noktundo, a former island (now effectively a peninsula) at the mouth of the Tumen, has been a boundary contention between Russia and North Korea.[8] The Qing Dynasty ceded the island to Russia as part of the Primorsky Maritimes (East Tartary) in the 1860 Treaty of Peking.[8] In 1990, the former Soviet Union and North Korea signed a border treaty which made the border run through the center of the river, leaving territory of the former island on Russian side. South Korea refuses to acknowledge the treaty and demanded that Russia return the territory to Korea.[9] [...] - ^ ""The problem of the Noktundo island in the media in South Korea (Проблема острова Ноктундо в средствах массовой информации Южной Кореи)"" (in Russian). ru.apircenter.org. Archived from the original on 10 September 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2015." 2024-08-23 Russia False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-203_ret_bn_g17 borderlines-203 - Noktundo is a territory of Russia Noktundo 2024-10-09 https://quizzclub.com/trivia/which-peninsula-is-located-in-the-delta-of-the-tumen-river-on-the-border-between-russia-and-north-korea/answer/1376197/ Noktundo is a former island (currently a peninsula) in the delta of the Tumen River on the border between Primorsky Krai, Russia and North Korea. The area of the island was 32 square kilometres (12 sq mi). In the 15th century, Noktundo belonged to the Jurchen. In 1587 there was a battle fought on this island between the local Jurchen and the invading army from Yi Sun-sin, a general of Korea. The island was under Qing control until the 1860 Convention of Peking, the Qing Dynasty ceded the island to the Russian Empire. This became a matter of protest to the Koreans, who claimed that the Qing had no authority to do so. In 1990, the former Soviet Union and North Korea signed a border treaty which made the border run through the centre of the river leaving the territory of the former island on the Russian side. South Korea refused to acknowledge the treaty and demanded that Russia return the territory to Korea. 2020-05-19 Russia False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-204_ret_b0_g2 borderlines-204 - Pedra Branca is a territory of Malaysia Pedra Branca 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra_Branca_dispute "On 13 November, Malaysia's Agent, Ambassador-at-Large Abdul Kadir Mohamad, alleged that Singapore was trying to ""subvert"" a 150-year-old arrangement under which Singapore operated Horsburgh Lighthouse on Pedra Branca, which was Malaysia's territory. He also suggested that if permitted to do so, Singapore would upset the peace and stability of the area where the island is located. He said that if Singapore reclaimed land around Pedra Branca, ""[q]uite apart from the possible effects on the environment and navigation in the Strait, this could lead to potentially serious changes to the security arrangements in the eastern entrance of the Strait"".[66] According to Malaysian Attorney-General Abdul Gani Patail, Singapore had first raised the issue of sovereignty over Pedra Branca on 13 April 1978 during a meeting between officials, saying it had ""incontrovertible legal evidence"" of its sovereignty over the island though it had never produced any documents in support. Prior to that, the sovereignty of the island had never been disputed. The 1980 statement by the then Malaysian Prime Minister Tun Hussein Onn concerning the ""unclear"" position of the island had also been premised on these documents which former Singapore Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew had claimed were in Singapore's possession." 2024-09-27 Malaysia False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-204_ret_bn_g19 borderlines-204 - Pedra Branca is a territory of Malaysia Pedra Branca 2024-10-09 https://sg.news.yahoo.com/icj-pedra-branca-judgement-singapore-files-observations-malaysias-request-035355650.html Singapore filed its written observations on Malaysia’s request for interpretation of the International Court of Justice’s (ICJ)’s judgment in the case regarding sovereignty over Pedra Branca, Middle Rocks and South Ledge on Tuesday (31 Oct), said the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). [...] Pedra Branca, which covers an area of about 8,560 sq m, is an outlying island and forms the eastern-most point of Singapore. Middle Rocks and South Ledge are two nearby maritime features. Pedra Branca has been the subject of a territorial dispute between Singapore and Malaysia since 1979. The ICJ ruled in 2008 that Pedra Branca belongs to Singapore, and that Middle Rocks is Malaysian territory. [...] In April, Singapore formed a legal team comprising Attorney-General Lucien Wong, Professor S Jayakumar, Professor Tommy Koh, and former Chief Justice Chan Sek Keong to study Malaysia’s application. Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said then that Singapore is confident of retaining Pedra Branca as the Republic had a ‘strong case’. 2017-10-31 Malaysia False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-204_ret_bn_g4 borderlines-204 - Pedra Branca is a territory of Malaysia Pedra Branca 2024-10-09 https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article/26/3/709/2599584 Pedra Branca is an island located at the eastern entrance to the Straits of Singapore from the South China Sea. The origin of the dispute between Malaysia and Singapore was Singapore’s protest of a map of Malaysia that designated Pedra Branca as Malay territory. After negotiations, both states signed a compromis in 2003. 56 Malaysia claimed the original title of the Sultan of Johor, its predecessor, while Singapore claimed that the construction and commission of the Horsburgh lighthouse constituted acquisition of possession à titre de souverain and the maintenance of title. Singapore added the alternative claim in oral argument that Pedra Branca was terra nullius until its acquisition of possession by the United Kingdom. 57 [...] Case Concerning Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks, and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore ) ( Pedra Branca case), Judgment, 23 May 2008, ICJ Reports (2008) 12, paras 60–69. This article focuses on Pedra Branca. The argument for Pedra Branca can also be applied to the dispute over original title to Middle Rocks and South Ledge. 2015-08-01 Malaysia False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-205_ret_b2_g4 borderlines-205 - Pedra Branca is a territory of Singapore Pedra Branca 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedra_Branca_dispute "The Pedra Branca dispute was a territorial dispute between Singapore and Malaysia over several islets at the eastern entrance to the Singapore Strait, namely Pedra Branca (previously called Pulau Batu Puteh and now Batu Puteh by Malaysia), Middle Rocks and South Ledge. The dispute began in 1979 and was largely resolved by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2008, which opined that Pedra Branca belonged to Singapore and Middle Rocks belonged to Malaysia. Sovereignty over South Ledge belongs to the state in the territorial waters of which it is located. [...] - Lim, Lydia (24 May 2008), ""Pedra Branca belongs to Singapore: World court ends 28-year dispute, declaring main island is Singapore's; Malaysia gets Middle Rocks"" (PDF), The Straits Times (reproduced on the National University of Singapore Newshub website), pp. 1–2, archived from the original on 29 June 2019, retrieved 5 October 2008." 2024-09-27 Singapore False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-206_ret_b7_gn borderlines-206 - Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia Singapore Strait 2024-10-09 https://melbourneasiareview.edu.au/the-straits-of-malacca-and-singapore/ Singapore and Malaysia concluded the territorial sea boundaries between them in the Strait of Johor in 1995. With the exception of a dispute over port limits in 2018-2019, which was quickly resolved, both countries have mainly respected this boundary. The maritime boundary between the two countries in the Strait of Singapore, however, has always been a complicated issue. Both Singapore and Malaysia disputed three small features located in the Strait of Singapore: Pedra Branca, Middle Rocks and South Ledge. This dispute was brought in front of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and the court delivered its decision in 2008. The ICJ awarded the sovereignty of Pedra Branca, a small island with a lighthouse operating on it, to Singapore, whilst awarding Middle Rocks, two uninhabited rocks, to Malaysia. The sovereignty over South Ledge, a low-tide elevation, to the State in the territorial waters of which it is located as per Article 13 of UNCLOS. [...] The littoral States of the Straits of Malacca and Singapore—Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand—have successfully used bilateral negotiations to agree upon maritime boundaries across a large part of the Malacca Straits and Singapore. 2023-04-27 Malaysia False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-206_ret_bn_g15 borderlines-206 - Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia Singapore Strait 2024-10-09 https://www.nippon-foundation.or.jp/en/what/projects/safe_passage A Cooperative Framework for Maintaining Safety in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore [...] The Straits of Malacca and Singapore are a 1,000-kilometer channel of water located between the Malay Peninsula and Singapore to the north, and Sumatra and other Indonesian islands to the south. Almost half of all global seaborne trade and roughly one third of the world’s crude oil passes through this route, making it one of the most important shipping lanes in the world. It is also a lifeline for Japan, with more than 80% of the country’s oil imports transported through the Straits. [...] The Malacca and Singapore Straits are within the territorial waters of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. As per the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which took effect in 1994, the Straits’ safety administration, including the maintenance of navigational aids, is the responsibility of these three countries. Because Singapore is home to a large number of trading companies, it enjoys the economic benefits of the Straits and has built and maintained lighthouses and buoys. Malaysia and Indonesia benefit far less, however, and are therefore shouldered with a relatively greater expense burden. Recognizing that Japan is a main stakeholder, The Nippon Foundation has taken on some of that burden and for more than 40 years has provided support for safe navigation and the protection of the marine environment. 2019-08-02 Malaysia False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-206_ret_bn_g7 borderlines-206 - Singapore Strait is a territory of Malaysia Singapore Strait 2024-10-09 https://www.icj-cij.org/node/104750 "Singapore Strait,its territory included all the islands within and adjacent to the Strait. At no time was it suggested that its territory was limited, for example, to islands within 3 nm of its mainland coast. None of these islands was considered to be terra ~zullius. [...] 73 See Care cotzcer-fling Sovereignty over Puln~~ Ligitari and P~llau Sipadan (I17do11esidMalaysia)D, ecisioll on Merits, 17December 2002,ICJ Reports 2002, para. 148.98. It follows that in the mid-nineteenth century Pulau Batu Puteh could certainly not be considered as term rzulli~tsand as susceptible to occupation. As the Court noted in its Advisory Opinion with respect to the WesterrzScrlznra,it is ""a cardinal condition of a valid 'occupation' that the territory shouldbe terrcr~z~llius- a territory belonging to no-one - at the time of the act alleged to constitute the 'occupation'.""74 The established links between the Johor rulers and Pulau Batu Puteh and the fact that Singapore Strait with its islands were the object of territorial regulation in the 1824 Anglo-Dutch Treaty and the 1824 Crawfurd Treaty, exclude the possibility that any of these well-known islands could have been considered as territory which ""belonged to no-one in the sense that it was then open to acquisition through the legal process of 'o~cupation'.""~~Pulau [...] (a) These and other islands in and around Singapore Strait were part of the Sultanate of Johor before 1824. This was unaffected by the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, which concerned only islands and territory to the south of the Strait." 2004-03-25 Malaysia False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-207_ret_b0_g2 borderlines-207 - Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore Singapore Strait 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Strait "The Singapore Strait is a 113 km-long (70 mi), 19 km-wide (12 mi)[2] strait between the Strait of Malacca in the west and the South China Sea in the east. Singapore is on the north of the channel, and the Indonesian Riau Islands are on the south. The two countries share a maritime border along the strait. [...] Historical records [edit]The 9th century AD Muslim author Ya'qubi referred a Bahr Salahit or Sea of Salahit (from the Malay selat meaning strait), one of the Seven Seas to be traversed to reach China. Some have interpreted Sea of Salahit as referring to Singapore,[4] although others generally considered it the Malacca Strait, a point of contact between the Arabs and the Zābaj (likely Sumatra).[5] Among early Europeans travellers to South East Asia, the Strait of Singapore may refer to the whole or the southern portion of the Strait of Malacca as well as other stretches of water.[6] Historians also used the term in plural, ""Singapore Straits"", to refer to three or four different straits found in recorded in old texts and maps – the Old Strait of Singapore between Sentosa and Telok Blangah, the New Strait of Singapore southwest of Sentosa, the ""Governor's Strait"" or ""Strait of John de Silva"" which corresponds to Phillip Channel, and the Tebrau Strait.[7] Today the Singapore Strait refers to the main channel of waterway south of Singapore where the international border between Singapore and Indonesia is located." 2024-06-04 Singapore False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-207_ret_b6_gn borderlines-207 - Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore Singapore Strait 2024-10-09 https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=c796b7ac-0225-4ed8-aecb-9c9fd53d927e The Singapore Strait is a waterway south of Singapore which links the Strait of Melaka to the South China Sea. Before the age of European colonialism, it was an important shipping route used by traders and travellers plying between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. The founding of Singapore in 1819 and the developments that followed saw a dramatic increase of shipping traffic to these waters, thus increasing the Singapore Strait’s importance as the main shipping channel between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea.1 The Singapore Strait is currently one of the busiest commercial routes in the world.2 The Singapore Strait is situated south of Singapore, between the south-eastern tip of the Malay Peninsula and north of Indonesia’s Riau Islands. Running east and west, it connects the southern end of the Melaka Strait at its western end to the South China Sea at its eastern end.3 [...] The Singapore Strait is located between two major trading zones – the trading zone of greater Bay of Bengal in the west and the mainland and trading ports of the South China Sea in the east.6 Before the advent of Europeans into the Indian Ocean Basin in the 15th century, the strait was an important shipping route used by traders and travellers plying between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea.7 2024-04-11 Singapore False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-207_ret_b9_gn borderlines-207 - Singapore Strait is a territory of Singapore Singapore Strait 2024-10-09 https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Singapore The Strait of Singapore or Singapore Strait is a strait in Singapore. It is 114 kilometres (71 mi) long and 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) wide. It is between the Strait of Malacca and the South China Sea. Singapore is to the north and the Riau Islands are to the south. It is the way to get to the Singapore Harbor. The depth of the Strait limits the size of ships that can go between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. 2024-08-18 Singapore False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-208_ret_b2_g2 borderlines-208 - Point 20 is a territory of Malaysia Point 20 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_border Only the continental shelf boundary has been determined between the two countries for this segment of their maritime border. The border follows the equidistant line between the baselines of Indonesia and Malaysia and Point 20 is the equidistant point between Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam (see table below).[16] Point 20 is the western terminus of the Indonesia-Vietnam continental shelf boundary which the two countries agreed to in 2003 and the easternmost point of the area of overlapping claims between Malaysia and Vietnam. [...] Point 25 is also the eastern terminus of the Indonesia-Vietnam continental shelf boundary which was agreed to by the two countries in 2003, making it the common tripoint of Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. This is also the western terminus of the Malaysian continental shelf boundary in South China Sea as asserted in the country's 1979 territorial sea and continental shelf boundary map. The boundary is however not recognised by any other country. 2024-09-26 Malaysia False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-209_ret_b16_gn borderlines-209 - Point 20 is a territory of Singapore Point 20 2024-10-09 https://www.mappr.co/location/singapore/ Singapore’s territory consists of one main island and 63 satellite islands. This means that the country doesn’t share land borders with any other countries. The closest countries to Singapore are Malaysia and Singapore. [...] Singapore is a city-state, which means that the entire country is coterminous with the city of Singapore. As such, there are no large-scale divisions such as provinces or states. Instead, Singapore is divided into Community Development Council Districts (CDCs), town councils, and electoral constituencies. [...] Singapore has a total land area of 734.3 km2 (283.5 sq mi), which makes it the 20th smallest country in the world. Most of this land area has been urbanized, and 100% of the country’s population lives in an urban area. 2024-04-05 Singapore False False not_applicable borderlines-209_ret_b3_g2 borderlines-209 - Point 20 is a territory of Singapore Point 20 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore "Singapore,[e] officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south along with the Riau Islands in Indonesia, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor along with the State of Johor in Malaysia to the north. [...] Singapore consists of 63 islands, including the main island, Pulau Ujong.[289] There are two man-made connections to Johor, Malaysia: the Johor–Singapore Causeway in the north and the Tuas Second Link in the west. Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa are the largest of Singapore's smaller islands. The highest natural point is Bukit Timah Hill at 163.63 m (537 ft).[290] Under British rule, Christmas Island and the Cocos Islands were part of Singapore, and both were transferred to Australia in 1957.[291][292][293] Pedra Branca is the nation's easternmost point.[294] [...] - ^ ""G20"". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2017." 2024-10-07 Singapore False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-21_ret_b12_g4 borderlines-21 - Chagos Archipelago is a territory of United Kingdom Chagos Archipelago 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is an Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom situated in the Indian Ocean, halfway between Tanzania and Indonesia. The territory comprises the seven atolls of the Chagos Archipelago with over 1,000 individual islands, many very small, amounting to a total land area of 60 square kilometres (23 square miles).[3] The largest and most southerly island is Diego Garcia, 27 square kilometres (10 square miles), the site of a Joint Military Facility of the United Kingdom and the United States.[6] Official administration is remote from London,[7][8] though the local capital is often regarded as being on Diego Garcia.[9] 2024-10-09 United Kingdom False True supports borderlines-21_ret_bn_g15 borderlines-21 - Chagos Archipelago is a territory of United Kingdom Chagos Archipelago 2024-10-09 https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/chagos-dilemma "Today, it is continuing a dispute about a set of them in the middle of the Indian Ocean, known as the Chagos Archipelago. Formally the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), the archipelago was administered from Mauritius in the days of empire and was detached in the lead-up to Port Louis’ independence from London in 1968. The Chagos Archipelago contains Diego Garcia, now home to a strategically positioned US military base, whose existence was made possible by the forced deportation of those living there, the Chagossians. [...] This 2019 opinion states that the United Kingdom had no authority to sever the archipelago from Mauritius, and thus control over it should be ceded from London to Port Louis. Despite this ruling, however, the United Kingdom has been reluctant to act on its obligations as laid out by the ICJ. [...] Crucially, the current Jugnauth government has stated that ""the end of UK administration has no implications for the US military base at Deigo Garcia, which Mauritius is committed to maintaining"". It will allow Chagossians to return only to the other islands in the archipelago." 2020-08-06 United Kingdom False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-210_ret_b0_gn borderlines-210 - O'Tangav is a territory of Laos O'Tangav 2024-10-09 https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/government-waiting-laos-proceed-border-dispute The government is still waiting for Vientiane’s Terms of Reference (ToR) to proceed with the delivery of a joint letter requesting that the French government supply maps and other related documents to settle a border dispute with Laos, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation spokesman, Ket Sophann said. [...] Territorial disputes with Laos became a hot issue after Laotian troops allegedly trespassed into the O’Alay and O’Tangav areas in Stung Treng province’s Siem Pang district, causing a standoff between the two countries. In September last year, both Hun Sen and Sisoulith agreed to designate the O’Tangav area as a no man’s land and increase joint patrols of Cambodian and Laotian troops there, following the August 2017 standoff. 2024-02-29 Laos False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-210_ret_b1_gn borderlines-210 - O'Tangav is a territory of Laos O'Tangav 2024-10-09 https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/cambodia-laos-discuss-relations In the meeting, both sides agreed to speed up the finalisation of Vientiane’s Terms of Reference (ToR) in order to proceed with the delivery of a joint letter requesting the French government to supply maps and other related documents to settle a border dispute between the two countries. [...] Territorial disputes with Laos became a hot issue after Lao troops allegedly trespassed into the O’Alay and O’Tangav areas in Stung Treng province’s Siem Pang district, causing a standoff between the two countries. In September last year, both Hun Sen and Thongloun agreed to designate the O’Tangav area as a no man’s land and increase joint patrols of Cambodian and Lao troops there, following an August 2017 standoff. 2024-02-29 Laos False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-211_ret_bn_g3 borderlines-211 - O'Tangav is a territory of Cambodia O'Tangav 2024-10-09 https://pressocm.gov.kh/en/archives/11863 Second, he added, the Lao side agreed to examine and settle four remaining points as requested in his letter to his Lao counterpart, and those four points have to be solved before that of O’ Tangav. Third, the border committees of both nations are commissioned to negotiate and settle the remaining issues on site, at O’ Tangav in Stung Treng province, the Cambodian premier pointed out. [...] Last month, Samdech Techo Hun Sen issued an ultimatum to Laos to withdraw its troops without condition from the Cambodian territory before Aug. 17, 2017 after he has got no reply from his Lao counterpart to his letter dated Aug. 2, 2017 on the troop withdrawal request. Then, he flied to Vientiane to talk about this issue. Finally, the Lao side agreed to pull back all its troops from the Cambodian territory. 2017-09-01 Cambodia False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-212_ret_b14_gn borderlines-212 - Stung Treng Province is a territory of Laos Stung Treng Province 2024-10-09 https://saromguide.wordpress.com/2011/11/16/stung-treng-province/ Stung Treng is a beautiful province located on a high sandy bank overlooking the Mekong River. It is about 455 km from Phnom Penh and some 40 km to the Laos border. This charming city is linked to Banlung (Rattanak Kiri) and is more than just a ‘stopover’. The Sekong Bridge, itself an attraction, serves as a convenient passage to the border of Laos. There are several noteworthy attractions in the province of Stung Treng. The incredible Sopheakmith Waterfall never ceases to mesmerise visitors, and neither does the stretch of the mighty Mekong, which is home to the incredibly rare Irrawaddy dolphins. [...] Both the Hang Kho Ba pagoda, which is over 300 years old, and the Hang Savat pagoda are of cultural and historical interest. The majority of the people there speak Lao. Steung Treng province, in which Hang Kho Ba resides, is famed for two local specialties – sweet tamarind fruit and Pa Si Y fish (Pava fish). 2011-11-16 Laos False True insufficient-supports borderlines-212_ret_bn_g2 borderlines-212 - Stung Treng Province is a territory of Laos Stung Treng Province 2024-10-09 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-southeast-asian-studies/article/different-views-of-history-shades-of-irredentism-along-the-laoscambodia-border/890AA04847BBE564EDEE5924E103215A I have been interacting closely with ethnic Lao people living on both sides of the border since the early 1990s when I lived in Hang Khone Village along the border between Champasak Province and Stung Treng Provinces, and since then I have also travelled to many parts of the province doing academic and NGO research on multiple occasions, more than it is possible to remember. Therefore, this research is, in many ways, a product of many years of low-intensity research. Yet, in some villages, especially in more remote areas, it is still common to hear ethnic Lao elders claim that Stung Treng (including Ratanakiri Province) was once part of Laos. However, the vast majority of the ethnic Lao there, even those who continue to value their Lao heritage, seem reconciled to their place as Cambodian citizens, and few express any explicit desire for any part of northeastern Cambodia to be reattached to Laos, or to even gain ethnic-based autonomy within Cambodia. However, other views do exist, even if they are not openly expressed. 2010-06-09 Laos False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-213_ret_b0_gn borderlines-213 - Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia Stung Treng Province 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stung_Treng_province "Stung Treng[2] (Khmer: ស្ទឹងត្រែង, UNGEGN: Stœ̆ng Trêng [stɨŋ traeŋ]; Lao: ຊຽງແຕງ, Xiang Taeng, pronounced [sía̯ŋ tɛ̀ːŋ]; lit. ""River of Reeds"") is a province of Cambodia in the northeast. It borders the provinces of Ratanakiri to the east, Mondulkiri and Kratié to the south and Kampong Thom and Preah Vihear to the west. Its northern boundary is Cambodia's international border with Laos. The Mekong River bisects the province. The province is mostly covered by forest, but logging and fishing put high pressure on the forest and fishery reserves.[3] [...] - ^ ""Stung Treng (Cambodia)"" (PDF). Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas. Retrieved 21 November 2016. - ^ ""Stung Treng Province"" (PDF). cambodiainvestment.gov.kh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 February 2019." 2024-08-10 Cambodia False True refutes borderlines-213_ret_b11_gn borderlines-213 - Stung Treng Province is a territory of Cambodia Stung Treng Province 2024-10-09 https://cambotours.com/stung-treng-travel-guide.html "Steung Treng, officially Stung Treng (Khmer: ស្ទឹងត្រែង, ""River of Reeds""), is a province (khaet) of Cambodia located in the northeast. It borders the provinces of Ratanakiri to the east, Mondulkiri and Kratie to the south and Kampong Thom and Preah Vihear to the west. Its northern boundary is Cambodia's international border with Laos. The Mekong river crosses the province roughly through the center. [...] Stung Treng province, which covers an area of 11,092 square kilometres, is a remote and sparsely populated province in the northeast of Cambodia. It borders Lao to the north, Ratanakiri to the east, Preah Vihear to the west and Kratie and Kompong Thom to the south. The province is divided into five district, 34 communes and 128 villages. Stung Treng is a unique province quite distinct from other Cambodian provinces in the Mekong basin.Extensive forests, intersecting rivers and streams and low population density characterize it. Stung Treng includes also the western chunk of the massive Virachey National Park, accessible from Siem Pang, a small beautiful town on the Tonle Kong. The province also features three big rivers the Tonle Kong, the Tonle San and the mighty Mekong with its hundreds of small islands scattered on the river stretch in Stung Treng Province." 2024-10-01 Cambodia False True refutes borderlines-214_ret_b11_gn borderlines-214 - Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia Preah Vihear Temple 2024-10-09 http://www.cambodia.org/Preah_Vihear/ Prasat Preah Vihear (ប្រាសាទ ព្រះវិហារ) is one of Cambodia’s revered temples located on the plateau of Dângrêk Mountains in Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia. Preah Vihear belongs to Cambodia, though some of the outter areas are still under Thailand’s control. The temple has beautiful views all around and has the most spectacular setting of all the temples built during the six-century-long Khmer Empire. [...] In 1954, Thailand troops invaded Preah Vihear and occupied the temple illegally. In 1959, Cambodia took the incident to the world court, The Hague International Court of Justice, and was ruled that Preah Vihear is in Cambodia territory. On June 15, 1962, the judgment delivered by The Hague Internaional Court of Justice, by 9 votes to 3 votes, ruled that the Preah Vihear Temple lay in Cambodia territory under the sovereignty of Cambodia. Thailand must withdraw its forces from the temple and from Cambodia territory. And by 7 votes to 5 votes, The Hague International Court of Justice ruled that Thailand must restore any sculptures, stelae (carved stone/pillar), fragments of monuments, sandstone models and ancient pottery of the temple. 1995-08-15 Cambodia False True supports borderlines-214_ret_b12_gn borderlines-214 - Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia Preah Vihear Temple 2024-10-09 http://www.cambodia.org/Preah_Vihear/?history=A+Khmer+Heritage Prasat Preah Vihear (ប្រាសាទ ព្រះវិហារ) is one of Cambodia’s revered temples located on the plateau of Dângrêk Mountains in Preah Vihear Province, Cambodia. Preah Vihear belongs to Cambodia, though some of the outter areas are still under Thailand’s control. The temple has beautiful views all around and has the most spectacular setting of all the temples built during the six-century-long Khmer Empire. [...] There is no doubt, both based on the court of laws and historical facts, that the Temple of Preah Vihear is a Khmer heritage and belonging to Cambodia, and that the disputed area also belongs to Cambodia. 1995-08-15 Cambodia False True supports borderlines-214_ret_b8_gn borderlines-214 - Preah Vihear Temple is a territory of Cambodia Preah Vihear Temple 2024-10-09 https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Preah_Vihear Prasat Preah Vihear (ព្រះវិហារ) is a Khmer (Cambodian) temple crowning a 525-m cliff in the Dângrêk Mountains in Cambodia, across the border from Si Saket and Kantharalak in northeastern Thailand. It is also the name of the surrounding province. [...] Though at the edge of a cliff whose top mostly belongs to present-day Thailand, and for some years occupied by that country, the temple was nonetheless claimed by Cambodia on the basis of a map prepared during French colonial times. In 1959 Cambodia brought the dispute to the International Court of Justice, which in 1962 ruled that, because Thailand had for years accepted this map, Cambodia had sovereignty over Preah Vihear. Soon afterwards Cambodia was plunged into civil war. The temple remained open to the public from Thailand (although unreachable from Cambodia) until 1975, when it was occupied by the Khmer Rouge, whose rusting artillery guns still litter the area. It was re-opened from the Thai side in 1998, and in 2003 Cambodia completed the construction of a long-awaited access road allowing Cambodians to visit the temple. In 2008, after a contentious nomination process, the temple was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. [...] Stay safe [edit]Preah Vihear is the subject of a long-running territorial dispute between Thailand and Cambodia, and several soldiers on both sides were killed in clashes in 2008, 2009 & 2011. In Nov 2013 the UN's International Court of Justice ruled that the temple area and most of the disputed land were sovereign Cambodian territory. Thai officials pledged to abide by the ruling. 2023-12-25 Cambodia False True supports borderlines-216_ret_b0_g1 borderlines-216 - Khao Phra Wihan is a territory of Thailand Khao Phra Wihan 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khao_Phra_Wihan_National_Park Khao Phra Wihan National Park (Thai: อุทยานแห่งชาติเขาพระวิหาร) is a protected natural area in Sisaket Province, Thailand, that contains numerous ruins of the 11th century Khmer Empire. The park lies 98 km (61 mi) south of the town of Sisaket, at the end of Thai highway 221. Sited on a red stone cliff that is part of the Dangrek mountain range on the southern edge of the Khorat Plateau, it abuts the international border between Thailand's Sisaket Province and Cambodia's Preah Vihear Province. The name of the cliff in the Royal Thai General System of Transcription is Pha Mo I Daeng (ผามออีแดง). The park was established on 20 March 1998,[1] with an area of 81,250 rai ~ 130 square kilometres (50 sq mi).[2] 2024-03-13 Thailand False True insufficient-supports borderlines-216_ret_b7_gn borderlines-216 - Khao Phra Wihan is a territory of Thailand Khao Phra Wihan 2024-10-09 https://trek.zone/en/thailand/places/27218/khao-phra-wihan-national-park Khao Phra Wihan National Park Khao Phra Wihan National Park #115 among destinations in Thailand [...] Khao Phra Wihan National Park is a protected natural area in Sisaket Province, Thailand, that contains numerous ruins of the 11th century Khmer Empire. The park lies 98 km south of the town of Sisaket, at the end of Thai highway 221. Sited on a red stone cliff that is part of the Dangrek mountain range on the southern edge of the Khorat Plateau, it abuts the international border between Thailand's Sisaket Province and Cambodia's Preah Vihear Province. The name of the cliff in the Royal Thai General System of Transcription is Pha Mo I Daeng. The park was established on 20 March 1998. () 1998-03-20 Thailand False True supports borderlines-216_ret_b9_gn borderlines-216 - Khao Phra Wihan is a territory of Thailand Khao Phra Wihan 2024-10-09 https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Khao_Phra_Wihan_National_Park Khao Phra Wihan National Park [...] Khao Phra Wihan National Park (Thai: อุทยานแห่งชาติเขาพระวิหาร) is a protected natural area in Sisaket Province, Thailand, that contains numerous ruins of the 11th century Khmer Empire. The park lies 98 km (61 mi) south of the town of Sisaket, at the end of Thai highway 221. Sited on a red stone cliff that is part of the Dangrek mountain range on the southern edge of the Khorat Plateau, it abuts the international border between Thailand's Sisaket Province and Cambodia's Preah Vihear Province. The name of the cliff in the Royal Thai General System of Transcription is Pha Mo I Daeng (ผามออีแดง). The park was established on 20 March 1998,[1] with an area of 81,250 rai ~ 130 square kilometres (50 sq mi).[2] 1998-03-20 Thailand False True supports borderlines-217_ret_bn_g3 borderlines-217 - Khao Phra Wihan is a territory of Cambodia Khao Phra Wihan 2024-10-09 http://patricklepetit.jalbum.net/SISAKET/PHOTOS/KHAO%20PHRA%20WIHAN%20NP/indexb.html The park’s territory lines Thailand-Cambodia border, over high cliff and lush forest of Dongrek Range. Khao Phra Wihan National Park acquires 130 square kilometres area of Amphoe Kantharalak of Si Sa Ket, Sub Amhoe Nam Khun and Amphoe Nam Yuen of Ubon Ratchathani. The country’s 83rd National Park was established on March 20, 1998. [...] Phra Wihan National Park features attractions and interesting activities including: [...] Khao Phra Wihan National Park (All) 2015-01-01 Cambodia False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-217_ret_bn_g5 borderlines-217 - Khao Phra Wihan is a territory of Cambodia Khao Phra Wihan 2024-10-09 https://www.lonelyplanet.com/thailand/surin-and-si-saket-provinces/attractions/khao-phra-wihan-national-park/a/poi-sig/1243651/357773 Khao Phra Wihan ('Preah Vihear' in Khmer) is a large Khmer temple ruin perched dramatically on a cliff 500m above the plains below. It's just over the border in Cambodian territory and currently not accessible from the Thai side due to a border dispute. All that is open to visitors now are scenic overlooks and some minor Khmer ruins, all of which are interesting, but not really worth the 400B admission fee. Khao Phra Wihan National Park 2024-01-01 Cambodia False True refutes borderlines-218_ret_b0_g4 borderlines-218 - Qaruh is a territory of Kuwait Qaruh 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaruh_Island Qaruh Island (Arabic: جزيرة قاروه) is an island belonging to the state of Kuwait, which received its name from the large amounts of petroleum sediments in the area (known as Qar in Arabic). It is the smallest of the nine islands, and also the furthest island from the Kuwaiti mainland. It is located 37.5 kilometres east of the mainland coast, and 17 kilometres northeast of Umm al Maradim. The island is roughly 275 meters long by 175 meters at its widest (area about 3.5 ha. The island was also the first part of Kuwaiti soil that was liberated from Iraq during the Gulf War on January 21, 1991. [...] External links [edit]- Pictures of the liberation of Qaruh Island Archived 2020-07-29 at the Wayback Machine - Picture of the Jazirat Qaruh Lighthouse Archived 2016-10-12 at the Wayback Machine 28°49′03″N 48°46′35″E / 28.81750°N 48.77639°E 2023-08-13 Kuwait False True supports borderlines-218_ret_b5_gn borderlines-218 - Qaruh is a territory of Kuwait Qaruh 2024-10-09 https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Qaruh_Island Qaruh Island (Arabic: جزيرة قاروه) is an island belonging to the state of Kuwait, which received its name from the large amounts of petroleum sediments in the area (known as Qar in Arabic). It is the smallest of the nine islands, and also the furthest island from the Kuwaiti mainland. It is located 37.5 kilometres east of the mainland coast, and 17 kilometres northeast of Umm al Maradim. The island is roughly 275 meters long by 175 meters at its widest (area about 3.5 ha. The island was also the first part of Kuwaiti soil that was liberated from Iraq during the Gulf War on January 21, 1991. Wikiwand in your browser! 2016-10-08 Kuwait False True supports borderlines-218_ret_b9_gn borderlines-218 - Qaruh is a territory of Kuwait Qaruh 2024-10-09 https://www.arabtimesonline.com/news/qaruh-island-first-liberated-from-iraqi-invasion/ "Despite being Kuwait’s smallest island, Qaruh holds a significant place in the hearts of Kuwaitis for being the first land to be liberated from the Iraqi aggressors in 1991. Located around 37 kms from the Kuwaiti mainland, the island’s name ""Qaruh"" was derived from the presence of tar (Qar) residues on the Island. Speaking to KUNA, Kuwaiti researcher on islands affairs Khaled Salem Al-Ansari said that Qaruh, similar to many other Kuwaiti islands, was not inhabited by people, unlike the only inhabited Failaka Island. He added that the island is part of the capital governorate in the administrative categorization. [...] Al-Ansari also noted that Qaruh Island was host for different kinds of seabirds, adding that some plants grew on the island. On the most significant historical happenings witnessed in Qaruh Island, Al-Ansari said that in 1949, a foreign oil company was given the right to excavate for a period of 60 years. In 1990, as the rest of Kuwait, the island was subject to the Iraqi invasion; however, Qaruh became the first Kuwaiti land to be liberated on Jan 25th, 1991. (KUNA)" 2015-11-13 Kuwait False True supports borderlines-218_ret_bn_g15 borderlines-218 - Qaruh is a territory of Kuwait Qaruh 2024-10-09 https://kuwaittimes.com/qaruh-kuwaits-smallest-island "KUWAIT: Despite being Kuwait’s smallest Island, Qaruh holds a significant place in the hearts of Kuwaitis for being the first land to be liberated from the Iraqi aggressors in 1991. Located around 37 kilometers from the Kuwaiti mainland, the island’s name ""Qaruh"" was derived from the presence of tar (Qar) residues on the Island. Kuwaiti researcher on islands affairs Khaled Salem Al-Ansari said that Qaruh, similar to many other Kuwaiti Islands, was not inhabited by people, unlike the only inhabited Failaka Island. He added that the Island is part of the capital governorate in the administrative categorization. Al-Ansari said that Qaruh was roughly 275 meters long by 175 in width. Regarding the current status of the Island, the Kuwaiti researcher said that the Island had a 15-meter-long lighthouse to warn ships and vessels of the sharp rocks located near Qaruh, noting that in the past, Kuwaiti sailors used to stop at the Island and then sail to a nearby location for pearl diving. Al-Ansari also noted that Qaruh Island was host for different kinds of seabirds, adding that some plants grew on the Island. —KUNA" 2015-11-12 Kuwait False True supports borderlines-219_ret_bn_g10 borderlines-219 - Qaruh is a territory of Saudi Arabia Qaruh 2024-10-09 https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=18667511&AN=156413747&h=skH0LpG9PtpXQYCj1kRcH8bRZmh8Xzfsq5M49VPSreu0w9xN6AEiiQ9Mwx7SLzIegSAUA2l4VvipdGCXSgXGZQ%3D%3D&crl=c Geostatistical analysis of natural oil seepage using radar imagery—a case study in Qaruh Island, the State of Kuwait. [...] The issue of natural oil seepage is one of the challenges in the Kuwaiti marine environment. Many observations have been made about the existence of a natural oil seepage near Qaruh Island, which is a small island located in the northwest of the Arabian Gulf. This study aims to take advantage of active remote sensing (radar imagery) in monitoring this phenomenon, both spatially and statistically. One hundred eleven images taken from Sentinel-1 in the period from September 2014 to September 2017 were analyzed. Thirty-four oil slicks were detected, with a ratio of one caused every 3 days. Additionally, the spatial central tendency measures were identified. The results showed that the average extension of the phenomenon was 68.2 km2, while it reached a maximum of 225.8 km2, with a minimum of 12.5 km2—a range of 213.3 km2. The mean and median centers are located to the southeast of Qaruh Island at a direction of about 148° and 150° and distance of 9.2 km and 7 km, respectively. The directional distribution cycles clarify that the phenomenon was directed to the northwest and southeast. The accuracy of Sentinel-1 data has been verified by Landsat 8 images in true and false colors. 2022-03-15 Saudi Arabia False True supports borderlines-22_ret_bn_g11 borderlines-22 - Chagos Archipelago is a territory of Mauritius Chagos Archipelago 2024-10-09 https://woods.stanford.edu/research/funding-opportunities/big-ideas-oceans/decolonizing-governance-ocean-resources-chagos Decolonizing governance of ocean resources in the Chagos Archipelago About 1,000 miles south of the Indian subcontinent, over a thousand people are hoping to return to their home located in the Chagos Archipelago. In 1810, Chagos became an outlying territory of Mauritius, an island nation 1,300 miles southwest of the archipelago, when Britain captured Mauritius from France. Mauritius gained independence from British colonial rule in 1968, yet the sovereignty of Chagos has remained disputed. From 1968 to 1973, the British forcibly removed Chagossians from their homeland. Now, the Zoological Society of London and government officials from Mauritius are negotiating a marine resource management plan for Chagos as a first step to repatriation. Invited by the Ambassador of Mauritius to the United Nations, Krish Seetah, associate professor of oceans, of environmental social sciences, and of anthropology, will lead a working group focused on incorporating cultural knowledge and traditions into a new marine protected area. Professor of oceans and of Earth system science Rob Dunbar, who is also the W. M. Keck Professor, will support scientific exploration of the archipelago’s marine biodiversity. [...] Krish Seetah (Oceans, Environmental Social Sciences, Anthropology): Lead Principal Investigator (Banner image of Chagos Archipelago courtesy of Rob Dunbar) 2024-02-01 Mauritius False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-220_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-220 - Umm al Maradim is a territory of Saudi Arabia Umm al Maradim 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_al_Maradim_Island Umm al Maradim (Arabic: جزيرة ام المرادم)(Translation: Mother of boulders) is an island located at the extreme south of Kuwait's marine borders near the junction with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Umm Al-Maradim is surrounded by deep waters which enable ships to land directly at its shores - an advantage which is not available on most Kuwaiti islands. It is 1.5 kilometres (0.9 miles) in length and 540 metres (1,770 feet) in width, which represents an area of approximately 65 hectares (160 acres). It is an oval-shaped island with a sand cape. Pearl oysters breed around the island's seabed. [...] Umm Al-Maradim was the first Kuwaiti land to be liberated from the Invasion of Kuwait in 1991. On its territory the Kuwaiti flag was hoisted again proclaiming the defeat of aggression and the restoration of legality. 2024-01-30 Saudi Arabia False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-220_ret_bn_g11 borderlines-220 - Umm al Maradim is a territory of Saudi Arabia Umm al Maradim 2024-10-09 https://didyouknow.org/disputes/ BAHRAIN and QATAR: Territorial dispute over the Hawar Islands and maritime boundary between BAHRAIN and QATAR. KUWAIT ownership of Qaruh and Umm al Maradim islands is disputed by Saudi Arabia. IRAN occupies two islands in the Persian Gulf claimed by the United Arab Emirates: Lesser Tunb (called Tunb as Sughra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Kuchek in Persian by Iran) and Greater Tunb (called Tunb al Kubra in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Tonb-e Bozorg in Persian by Iran); it jointly administers with the UAE an island in the Persian Gulf claimed by the UAE (called Abu Musa in Arabic by UAE and Jazireh-ye Abu Musa in Persian by Iran)-over which Iran has taken steps to exert unilateral control since 1992, including access restrictions and a military build-up on the island; the UAE has garnered significant diplomatic support in the region in protesting these Iranian actions. 2010-05-02 Saudi Arabia False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-220_ret_bn_g18 borderlines-220 - Umm al Maradim is a territory of Saudi Arabia Umm al Maradim 2024-10-09 https://luscinia61.com/the-persian-gulf-islands-and-seabirds After exploring several buoys we headed for Umm Al-Maradim Island a small island (0.5 x 0.5 km) lying in deep water on the southern edge of Kuwaiti territorial waters – several mobile phones switched to Saudi networks. It is home to a lighthouse and a police station and is notable for being the second piece of Kuwaiti territory to be liberated in the Gulf War on 29th January 1991 when it was captured by a task force of US Marines. [...] Our next destination was Kubbar Island which compared to Umm Al-Maradim is much bigger, lower lying and surrounded by clean sandy beaches. Again there is a lighthouse and plenty of cover for migrants and we were hopeful of turning up something unusual. 2019-05-13 Saudi Arabia False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-221_ret_b1_g0 borderlines-221 - Umm al Maradim is a territory of Kuwait Umm al Maradim 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Qurah_and_Umm_al_Maradim Battle of Qurah and Umm al Maradim The Battle for Qurah and Umm al Maradim, were several naval and land battles for control over the islands off the coast of Kuwait in the Persian Gulf, mainly the islands of Qurah and Umm al Maradim. [...] Umm al Maradim [edit]On 29 January, in the northern Persian Gulf, the five ships of Amphibious Ready Group (ARG) ALFA – USS Okinawa, USS Ogden, USS Fort McHenry, USS Cayuga and USS Durham steamed near the Kuwaiti island Umm al Maradim. United States Marines assaulted the 300-meter by 400-metre island 12 miles off the Kuwaiti coast using embarked Marine helicopter. After several hours of intense combat, the marines succeeded in liberating the second Kuwaiti island. After destroying Iraqi anti-aircraft weapons and artillery stored on the island, which had been used as an early warning post by the enemy, the Marines raised the Kuwaiti flag over the second parcel of reclaimed territory.[2] 2024-04-29 Kuwait False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-222_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-222 - Sabah is a territory of Malaysia Sabah 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabah "Sabah (Malay pronunciation: [ˈsabah]) is a state of Malaysia located in northern Borneo, in the region of East Malaysia. Sabah has land borders with the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and Indonesia's North Kalimantan province to the south. The Federal Territory of Labuan is an island just off Sabah's west coast. Sabah shares maritime borders with Vietnam to the west and the Philippines to the north and east. Kota Kinabalu is the state capital and the economic centre of the state, and the seat of the Sabah State government. Other major towns in Sabah include Sandakan and Tawau. The 2020 census recorded a population of 3,418,785 in the state.[11] It has an equatorial climate with tropical rainforests, abundant with animal and plant species. The state has long mountain ranges on the west side which forms part of the Crocker Range National Park. Kinabatangan River, the second longest river in Malaysia runs through Sabah. The highest point of Sabah, Mount Kinabalu is also the highest point of Malaysia. [...] Prior to the formation of Malaysia in 1963, the then North Borneo interim government submitted a 20-point agreement to the Malayan government as conditions before North Borneo would join the federation. Subsequently, North Borneo legislative assembly agreed on the formation of Malaysia on the conditions that North Borneo's rights would be safeguarded. North Borneo then entered Malaysia as an autonomous state with autonomous laws in immigration control and Native Customary Rights (NCR), and the territory name was changed to ""Sabah""." 2024-09-26 Malaysia False True supports borderlines-222_ret_bn_g4 borderlines-222 - Sabah is a territory of Malaysia Sabah 2024-10-09 https://theaseanpost.com/article/sabah-malaysias-or-philippines """This is an irresponsible statement that affects bilateral ties,"" Hishammuddin said. ""Sabah is, and will always be, part of Malaysia."" [...] Sabah is located at the north-eastern tip of Borneo and lies about 500 kilometres from the Philippines. Although Malaysia controls the territory, the Philippines has laid claim over Sabah since 1961. [...] Furthermore, S Jayaratnam, the vice dean of the Faculty of Law, University of Singapore defended Malaysia by averring that the Philippines’ claim was weak because neither the Philippines nor the heirs of the Sultan have exercised sovereignty or been in effective occupation of Sabah since 1878. Also, Malaysia contends that Sabah has been recognised by the UN and by other countries worldwide as a Malaysian territory thus justifying their claim." 2020-10-08 Malaysia False True insufficient-supports borderlines-223_ret_b10_gn borderlines-223 - Sabah is a territory of Philippines Sabah 2024-10-09 https://www.rappler.com/philippines/philippines-step-up-sabah-claim-revive-north-borneo-bureau/ "Sabah, known for its resource-rich lands, is a territory occupied by Malaysia but claimed by the Philippines as part of Mindanao. [...] Although the Philippines has never relinquished its claim of sovereignty over Sabah, it has for the most part kept that claim dormant to maintain harmonious ties with Malaysia. [...] ""They must be Filipino because Sabah is ours! That’s all there is to it. If Malaysia doesn’t like it, that’s too goddamned bad for them. This question of ASEAN amity – that won’t get in the way of my assertion of what is ours,"" he said." 2020-09-15 Philippines False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-223_ret_b14_gn borderlines-223 - Sabah is a territory of Philippines Sabah 2024-10-09 https://globalnation.inquirer.net/66281/north-borneo-sabah-an-annotated-timeline-1640s-present "Constancio B. Maglana, a member of the House of Representatives published Sabah is Philippines (1969), and in a privilege speech, apart from laying the basis for the Philippine claim, also advocated the prosecution of the claim. [106] [...] Congress approves Senate Bill No. 954 that delinates the baselines of the Philippines and provides that ""the territory of Sabah, situated in North Borneo, over which the Republic of the Philippines has acquired dominion and sovereignty."" [...] [89] Philippine Claim to Sabah (North Borneo) Vol. II [90] Original Document: Agreement relating to Malaysia, 1963 [91] Original Document: Manila Accord sign on July 31, 1963 by President Soekarno, President Macapagal, and Prime Minister Tunku." 2013-03-02 Philippines False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-223_ret_b1_g0 borderlines-223 - Sabah is a territory of Philippines Sabah 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute "Republic Act No. 5446 of the Philippines, passed by the legislature on 26 August 1968 and signed by Marcos on 18 September, regards Sabah as a territory ""over which the Republic of the Philippines has acquired dominion and sovereignty"".[51][52] The Malaysian government responded by suspending diplomatic relations and ceasing cooperation regarding smuggling. Perceived British support for Malaysia led to the British Embassy in Manila being broken into by a crowd.[citation needed] Philippine Foreign Secretary Narciso Ramos gave a speech at the UN General Assembly on 15 October, calling for the dispute to be settled in international courts.[52] [...] Sabah Chief Minister Shafie Apdal rejected the Philippine claim, suggesting that the issues ""should be resolved once and for all"" with both the governments of Malaysia and the Philippines to officially have a ""government-to-government talk"" through the ASEAN platform.[98][99] He earlier stated that the proposal by the central government of the Philippines to include Sabah territory as part of the Philippines territory in their passports was nothing short of provocation and that the federal government of Malaysia had to make an immediate response.[100] Shafie added that Sabah was a ""sovereign state"" and that this had been settled a long time ago where the residents of Sabah had been assured by the Malaysian federal government of ""full security and protection"" when it formed the Federation of Malaysia in 1963.[101]" 2024-10-07 Philippines False True insufficient-supports borderlines-224_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-224 - North Borneo is a territory of Philippines North Borneo 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute "On 12 September 1962, during President Diosdado Macapagal's administration, a distant cousin of the Sulu Sultan, the Philippine government claimed the territory of North Borneo, and full sovereignty, title and dominion over it were ""ceded"" by the heirs of the sultan of Sulu, Muhammad Esmail E. Kiram I, to the Philippines.[46] The Philippines broke off diplomatic relations with Malaysia after the federation was formed with Sabah in 1963, but probably resumed relations unofficially through the Manila Accord, in which the Philippines made it clear that its position on the inclusion of North Borneo in the Federation of Malaysia was subject to the outcome of the Philippine claim to North Borneo.[45] The representatives of Indonesia and the Federation of Malaya seconded that the inclusion of North Borneo into the aforementioned Federation ""would not prejudice either the claim or any right thereunder"".[47] It was revealed later in 1968 that President Ferdinand Marcos was training a team of militants on Corregidor known as Operation Merdeka for infiltration into Sabah.[48] The plan failed as a result of the Jabidah massacre.[49][50] [...] - ^ ""Cession and transfer of the territory of North Borneo by His Highness, Sultan Mohammad Esmail Kiram, Sultan of Sulu, acting with the consent and approval of the Ruma Bechara, in council assembled, to the Republic of the Philippines"". gov.ph. Government of the Philippines. 24 April 1962. Retrieved 7 February 2016. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain." 2024-10-07 Philippines False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-225_ret_b0_g2 borderlines-225 - North Borneo is a territory of Malaysia North Borneo 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Borneo North Borneo (usually known as British North Borneo, also known as the State of North Borneo)[2] was a British protectorate in the northern part of the island of Borneo, (present-day Sabah). The territory of North Borneo was originally established by concessions of the Sultanates of Brunei and Sulu in 1877 and 1878 to a German-born representative of Austria-Hungary, businessman and diplomat, Gustav Overbeck. [...] History [edit]Foundation and early years [edit]North Borneo was founded in 1877–1878 through a series of land concessions in northern Borneo from the Sultanate of Brunei and Sulu to an Austrian-German businessman and diplomat, Gustav Overbeck.[3][4][5] A former American Trading Company of Borneo territory on the western coast of northern Borneo had already passed to Overbeck,[6] requiring him to go to Brunei to renew the concession of the land he bought from Joseph William Torrey.[7][8][9] William Clark Cowie played an important role as a close friend of the Sultanate of Sulu in helping Overbeck to buy additional land on the eastern coast of Borneo.[10][11][12] Meanwhile, the Sultanate of Bulungan's influence also reached Tawau on the south-eastern coast,[13] but came under the influence of the more powerful Sultanate of Sulu.[14] [...] I. The State of North Borneo comprises the territories specified in the said Royal Charter, and such other territories as the Company have acquired, or may hereafter acquire, ‘under the provisions of Article XV of the said Charter. 2024-09-19 Malaysia False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-226_ret_bn_g18 borderlines-226 - Siachen Glacier is a territory of Pakistan Siachen Glacier 2024-10-09 https://thediplomat.com/2016/02/does-india-really-need-to-defend-the-siachen-glacier/ "The 75-km long Siachen Glacier is located in the eastern Karakoram Range of the Himalayas. It lies to the north of Point NJ 9842, where the Line of Control (LoC) between India and Pakistan ends. [...] That perception changed a few years later. In the late 1970s India woke up to the fact that publications abroad, including U.S. government documents, were carrying maps that showed the LoC extending northeast from NJ 9842 to the Karakoram Pass. In other words, the Siachen Glacier was appearing in maps as part of Pakistani territory. Besides, it learned that Pakistan was permitting Western mountaineers access to the Siachen and the ridges flanking it, quietly establishing its claim over the area. [...] The two countries base their claims over the glacier on different interpretation of the words ""… thence north to the glaciers"" in the 1949 and 1972 Agreements. To Pakistan it means a straight line from NJ 9842 in a northeasterly direction to the Karakoram Pass, giving it control over the Siachen Glacier. India argues that from NJ 9842, the boundary line should run through the nearest watershed, the Saltoro Ridge, which means that the glacier is rightfully India’s." 2020-02-05 Pakistan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-226_ret_bn_g19 borderlines-226 - Siachen Glacier is a territory of Pakistan Siachen Glacier 2024-10-09 http://amproehl.com/siachen-glacier "A Map of the Strange Borders Between Pakistan and India around the Siachen Glacier The Siachen Glacier is part of a larger territory dispute between India and Pakistan. Both India and Pakistan have had a significant military presence here (mostly along the Saltoro Ridge) since April 1984. The conflict has been called, The Highest Battleground in the World"". Pakistan and India spend upwards of $1 million dollars a day to keep troops amassed along such demanding and inhospitable terrain. [...] Around the same time, Pakistan had also started to grant climbing permits to K2, the Himilayan mountain known as the hardest mountain to climb. When the Indian Army learned of this, they immediately assembled a military expedition to the Siachen Glacier. The glacier and the surrounding mountains range from 19,000 to 22,000 feet above sea level. The whole area is extremely cold and heavily glaciated. It is sometimes called The Third Pole. Never-the-less both Pakistani and Indian troops have chosen to remain amassed along the Saltoro Ridge." 2018-01-01 Pakistan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-227_ret_b2_gn borderlines-227 - Siachen Glacier is a territory of India Siachen Glacier 2024-10-09 https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/siachen-glacier.html Siachen Glacier, the world’s second-longest glacier in non-polar areas, lies in the Karakoram Range of the Himalayas, in the disputed Kashmir region. The glacier covers 76 km from its head at Indira Col on the China-India border to its terminus, with its altitude falling from 5,753m to 3,620m above sea level. The Siachen Glacier is bordered to the north by the great drainage divide, a divide separating the Indian Subcontinent and the Eurasian Plate in the Karakoram region. Although India administers the entire glacier region as part of the Union Territory of Ladakh, Pakistan also claims the region and controls the area to the glacier’s west. [...] The Siachen region is a subject of a territorial dispute between Pakistan and India, with both countries claiming sovereignty over it. The 1970s and 1980s US and Pakistani maps contained a dotted line on the LoC from NJ9842 to Karakoram Pass. However, India held that the dotted line violated the Shimla agreement and may have been a cartographic error. India took control of the Siachen Glacier in 1984 under Operation Meghdoot after getting information on Pakistan’s plans to occupy the region. The Pakistani troops reached the area and found that India had already occupied the glacier, including the Saltoro Ridge. 2021-07-17 India False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-227_ret_bn_g1 borderlines-227 - Siachen Glacier is a territory of India Siachen Glacier 2024-10-09 https://www.britannica.com/place/Siachen-Glacier "The Siachen region is strategically important for India because it separates Pakistan from China. It also enables India to monitor the Gilgit and Baltistan regions of Pakistan. For Pakistan, the region provides direct access to China. However, until the 1970s the region was unpopulated. In the late 1970s Col. Narinder (""Bull"") Kumar, a mountaineer in the Indian Army, saw a U.S.-drawn map of northern Kashmir that showed the Siachen Glacier as part of Pakistan. Pakistan had been giving permits to foreign mountaineers to climb around the glacier throughout the 1970s, creating the impression that it was Pakistani territory. Kumar received permission for a counter-expedition in 1978, and by 1981 he had mapped the entire glacier up to the Chinese border. In 1984, after receiving intelligence of a planned Pakistani troop dispatch to the region, India launched the secret Project Meghdoot (""Cloud Messenger,"" named for the Meghaduta, a well-known classical Sanskrit poem), positioning its troops in Siachen a week before Pakistan could deploy its forces. India thus took control of the entire glacier. Despite a few subsequent skirmishes between Indian and Pakistani forces, India retained control." 2024-09-29 India False True refutes borderlines-229_ret_bn_g11 borderlines-229 - Saltoro Ridge is a territory of Pakistan Saltoro Ridge 2024-10-09 https://chandrashekharasandprints.wordpress.com/2012/09/03/why-should-india-keep-holding-the-saltoro-ridge/ On the map, Saltoro ridge appears like a dagger and in geopolitical terms it is indeed a dagger, sturck deep into the territories held by Pakistan and which belonged to erstwhile Jammu & Kashmir state of British India. Saltoro mountains are perhaps not high as great spurs of Saser Muztagh range, but still most of them in the north, have heights around 20 to 22K range. The Indian Army posts on Saltoro range, give them a commanding position as they can look deep into territory held by Pakistan towards west and north. In fact the entire region north of Saltoro is mountainous and inhospitable right up to the Hunza valley, where Pakistan and China have built a road jointly. [...] The terrain surrounding Saltoro ridge is such that the Baltistan region west of it, is subject to regular landslides and avalanches. Only recently, a major disaster had struck Pakistan army HQ in the region killing 126 soldiers. Cost of holding terrain west of Saltoro ridge in Baltistan is becoming unreasonably high for Pakistan without any untenable gains. Pakistan’s keenness for a accord, essentially stems out from this hard fact. For India, the gains of holding Saltoro are so apparent and Indian soldiers are also well dug in there in a very commanding position. 2012-09-03 Pakistan False True insufficient-supports borderlines-229_ret_bn_g18 borderlines-229 - Saltoro Ridge is a territory of Pakistan Saltoro Ridge 2024-10-09 https://vocal.media/history/opration-meghdoot "The Siachen Glacier became a bone of contention following a vague demarcation of territories in the Karachi Agreement of July 1949 which did not exactly specify who had authority over the Siachen Glacier area. Indian interpretation was that Pakistan territory extended only to about the Saltoro Ridge, where the territorial line's route after the last demarcated Point NJ9842 was ""thence north to the glaciers."" Pakistan interpretation was that their territory continued northeast from Point NJ9842 to the Karakoram Pass. As a result, both nations claimed the barren heights and the Siachen Glacier. [...] The operation resulted in India gaining the 70 kilometers long Siachen Glacier and all of its tributary glaciers, as well as the three main passes on the Saltoro Ridge immediately west of the glacier; Sia La, Bilafond La, and Gyong La. Thus, giving India the tactical advantage of holding higher grounds. The AGPL runs roughly along the Saltoro Ridge which extends nearly 120 kilometers from Point NJ9842 to the Shaksgam Tract (a part of Pakistan Occupied Kashmir; which Pakistan had illegally ceded to China in 1963)." 2024-06-29 Pakistan False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-229_ret_bn_g2 borderlines-229 - Saltoro Ridge is a territory of Pakistan Saltoro Ridge 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actual_Ground_Position_Line The Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL) divides current positions of Indian and Pakistani military posts and troops along the entire 110 kilometres (68 mi) long frontline in the disputed region of Siachen Glacier.[1][2][3][4] AGPL generally runs along the Saltoro Mountains range, beginning from the northernmost point of the (LOC) at Point NJ 9842 and ending in the north on the Indira Ridge at the India-China-Pakistan LAC tripoint near Sia Kangri about 4 km (2.5 mi) northwest of Indira Col West, with peaks in excess of 7,000 m (23,000 ft) and temperatures ranging to around −55 °C (−67 °F).[5][6] India gained control of 1,000 square miles (2,600 km2) of disputed territory in 1984 because of its military operations in Siachen.[7][8] A cease-fire was announced in 2003.[9][10][11] [...] Indian Army posts are along the Saltoro Ridge, west of the main Siachen glacier, along a line roughly connecting Gyong La, Bilafond La, Sia La, and Indira Col. Pakistan controls the region west of Saltoro Ridge.[6] India has more than 50 military posts across the length of AGPL which are located almost 3,000 ft above Pakistani posts,[6] with 80 km line of sight visibility range in the clear weather. The Indian soldiers hold on to the heights on the ridge, preventing the Pakistani soldiers from climbing up to the Saltoro Range heights.[16] 2024-08-14 Pakistan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-23_ret_b3_gn borderlines-23 - Chagos Archipelago is a territory of Maldives Chagos Archipelago 2024-10-09 https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20151203-an-exiled-island-turned-private-tropical-paradise "While its former population fights to return home, the Chagos islands are experiencing a remarkable rebounding of wildlife on a reef that’s considered the most pristine in the world. [...] Salomon Atoll is the kind of fabled stop that travellers sail halfway around the world to reach. It’s found south of the Maldives in the north eastern part of the Chagos Archipelago, a region of the British Indian Ocean Territory that encompasses seven atolls and more than 60 low-lying islands. Off most people's radar, the best known island in Chagos is Diego Garcia, a US military base 100 nautical miles south of Ile Takamaka. [...] It's a strange thing to be permitted to use the nation of an exiled people as your private tropical playground. And as we made our way around Ile Takamaka, scrambling over trees and wading through the warm ocean, I was struck by the lushness of the place. In 2010, the UK government created a marine protected area that turned the waters surrounding the Chagos Archipelago into the world’s largest marine reserve. The reason for its creation was, in part, a cynical one, as the highly regulated ""no-take zone"" means that Chagossians can’t fish commercially and acts as yet another hurdle to keep them out." 2022-02-25 Maldives False True insufficient-supports borderlines-23_ret_b6_gn borderlines-23 - Chagos Archipelago is a territory of Maldives Chagos Archipelago 2024-10-09 https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagos_Archipelago The Chagos Archipelago (/ˈtʃɑːɡoʊs/ or /ˈtʃɑːɡəs/) or Chagos Islands (formerly the Bassas de Chagas,[1] and later the Oil Islands) is a group of seven atolls in the Indian Ocean. The atolls are made up of more than 60 individual islands. The islands are located about 500 kilometres (310 mi) south of Maldives. The International community has a strong consensus that the islands are part of Mauritius, but nevertheless, they remain illegally occupied by the United Kingdom, which rents out the islands to the US for a military base. On 25 February 2019, in an advisory opinion, the International Court of Justice found that the United Kingdom illegally separated the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius after its independence in 1968. The UN General Assembly adopted a resolution on May 22, 2019, commanding Great Britain to return the Chagos Archipelago to the Republic of Mauritius within six months, which would allow Chagossians to recover their land, but Great Britain refused to comply. 2024-10-03 Maldives False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-230_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-230 - Sir Creek is a territory of Pakistan Sir Creek 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Creek "Sir Creek (/sər ˈkrik/ sər KREEK), originally Ban Ganga,[1] is a 96 km (60 mi) tidal estuary in the uninhabited marshlands of the Indus River Delta on the border between India and Pakistan. The creek flows into the Arabian Sea and separates Gujarat state in India from Sindh province in Pakistan.[2] The long-standing India-Pakistan Sir Creek border dispute stems from the demarcation ""from the mouth of Sir Creek to the top of Sir Creek, and from the top of Sir Creek eastward to a point on the line designated on the Western Terminus"".[2][3] From this point onward, the boundary is unambiguously fixed as defined by the Tribunal Award of 1968.[4] [...] Sir Creek lies just to the west of the Great Rann of Kutch area of India. On the Indian side, Sir Creek is one of the six main creeks in this area, the others being Vian Wari Creek (Vianbari and Viyanbari), Pir Sanai, Pabevari, Padala (16 km (9.9 mi) southeast from Sir Creek), and easternmost Kori (34 km (21 mi) southeast from Sir Creek).[7][5] All of these creeks are within the undisputed territory of India, except the westernmost creek, Sir Creek, which is claimed by both India and Pakistan. These evershifting creeks exit Indian territory, enter Pakistan, re-enter India, and vice versa, creating a hard-to-patrol, marshy wetland border with no physical barrier or fencing.[5]" 2024-09-28 Pakistan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-230_ret_b2_gn borderlines-230 - Sir Creek is a territory of Pakistan Sir Creek 2024-10-09 https://www.civilsdaily.com/news/explained-sir-creek-dispute/ Sir Creek - Sir Creek is a 96-km strip of water disputed between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch marshlands. Originally named Ban Ganga, Sir Creek is named after a British representative. [...] - Pakistan, however, claims that Sir Creek isn’t navigable but India claims that since it’s navigable in high tide, the boundary should be drawn from the mid channel. [...] - Apart from the strategic location, Sir Creek’s core importance is fishing resources. Sir Creek is considered to be among the largest fishing grounds in Asia. 2020-05-07 Pakistan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-230_ret_bn_g4 borderlines-230 - Sir Creek is a territory of Pakistan Sir Creek 2024-10-09 https://www.indiasentinels.com/capf/at-sir-creek-pakistan-stalls-indias-infrastructure-push-but-beefs-up-its-own-reports-say-5849 New Delhi: Pakistan has been beefing up its infrastructure in the disputed Sir Creek region near the international border in Gujarat, according to at least two news reports this week. This comes at a time when India ceased its own infrastructure-building activities in its own territory after Islamabad raised objections. [...] The Sir Creek dispute is a territorial dispute between India and Pakistan over a 98-kilometre creek in a marshy and uninhabited region in the Rann of Kutch along the border of India’s Gujarat state and Pakistan’s Sindh province. [...] Over the years, India and Pakistan have engaged in several rounds of negotiations and discussions to resolve the Sir Creek dispute. These efforts have involved the exchange of maps, surveys, and field visits to the disputed area. However, the two countries have, so far, failed to arrive at a mutually acceptable agreement to resolve the dispute. 2023-05-16 Pakistan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-231_ret_b2_gn borderlines-231 - Sir Creek is a territory of India Sir Creek 2024-10-09 https://www.civilsdaily.com/news/explained-sir-creek-dispute/ Sir Creek - Sir Creek is a 96-km strip of water disputed between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch marshlands. Originally named Ban Ganga, Sir Creek is named after a British representative. [...] The Genesis - The marshland of Sir Creek first became disputed in the early 20th century when the Rao of Kutch and the Chief Commissioner of Sindh Province of British India, due to different perceptions of the boundaries, laid claims over the creek. [...] - Pakistan, however, claims that Sir Creek isn’t navigable but India claims that since it’s navigable in high tide, the boundary should be drawn from the mid channel. 2020-05-07 India False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-231_ret_bn_g17 borderlines-231 - Sir Creek is a territory of India Sir Creek 2024-10-09 https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-building-permanent-bunkers-for-bsf-at-gujarat-creek-along-pakistan-border/article66330116.ece "For the first time, India is constructing ""permanent vertical bunkers"" of concrete to station BSF troops right at the strategically significant Sir Creek and 'Harami Nalla' marshy area along the India-Pakistan International Border in Gujarat, official sources said. [...] While three pylon-shaped towers are coming up in the Sir Creek area, a 4,050 sq km marshy area between India and Pakistan, five such concrete structures will be constructed by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) along the 'harami nalla' area spread across 900 sq km, sources said. [...] Sir Creek is a 98-km disputed territory between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch marshlands, which opens up into the Arabian Sea. It divides the Kutch region of Gujarat and the Sindh province of Pakistan. The two countries have been holding talks to resolve issues related to the border dispute here." 2023-01-02 India False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-232_ret_b0_g1 borderlines-232 - Three Pagodas Pass is a territory of Myanmar Three Pagodas Pass 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Pagodas_Pass "Three Pagodas Pass (Phlone ကၠံင်သိုင့်ဖၠုံးလါင့်ဆေါတ်ဖိုင်သာ့; Burmese: ဘုရားသုံးဆူ တောင်ကြားလမ်း, Paya Thon Zu Taung Za Lang, Burmese pronunciation: [pʰajá θóʊɰ̃ zù tàʊɰ̃ dʑá láɰ̃]; Thai: ด่านเจดีย์สามองค์, RTGS: Dan Chedi Sam Ong, Thai pronunciation: [dàːn tɕeːdiː sǎːm ʔoŋ]) is a pass in the Tenasserim Hills on the border between Thailand and Myanmar (Burma), at an elevation of 282 metres (925 ft). The pass links the town of Sangkhla Buri in the north of Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand, to the town of Payathonsu in the south of Kayin State, Myanmar. [...] Tourism [edit]Three Pagodas Pass is popular with tourists, who are allowed to obtain a one-day visa from the Thai side to visit Payathonsu. Attractions on the Burmese side include wooden furniture, jade carvings, and textiles. Thai tourists are allowed in as of 2011, while other tourists are not, due to its status as a temporary border checkpoint which only allows day trips between the two neighbouring countries.[9][10] [...] References [edit]- ^ Three Pagodas Pass, Encyclopædia Britannica - ^ a b Thailand Highlight - ^ a b ""Battle erupts in Myanmar opposite Three Pagodas Pass"". Bangkok Post. 25 April 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2022." 2024-09-04 Myanmar False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-232_ret_b4_gn borderlines-232 - Three Pagodas Pass is a territory of Myanmar Three Pagodas Pass 2024-10-09 https://thebear.travel/289/Three-Pagodas-Pass:-A-Symbol-of-Peace-in-Kanchanaburi The Three Pagodas Pass is named after three small, crumbling stupas or chedis, probably built at the end of the Ayutthaya period, as a symbol of peace. Three Pagodas Pass is located in the Tenasserim Hillson, the border between Thailand and Myanmar (Burma), at 282 meters (925 feet). The Pass links the town of Sangkhlaburi, north of Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand, to Payathonzu, south of Kayin State, Myanmar. [...] Three Pagodas Pass is located in the historical area, the path connecting Thailand and Myanmar. 2024-01-01 Myanmar False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-233_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-233 - Three Pagodas Pass is a territory of Thailand Three Pagodas Pass 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Pagodas_Pass Three Pagodas Pass (Phlone ကၠံင်သိုင့်ဖၠုံးလါင့်ဆေါတ်ဖိုင်သာ့; Burmese: ဘုရားသုံးဆူ တောင်ကြားလမ်း, Paya Thon Zu Taung Za Lang, Burmese pronunciation: [pʰajá θóʊɰ̃ zù tàʊɰ̃ dʑá láɰ̃]; Thai: ด่านเจดีย์สามองค์, RTGS: Dan Chedi Sam Ong, Thai pronunciation: [dàːn tɕeːdiː sǎːm ʔoŋ]) is a pass in the Tenasserim Hills on the border between Thailand and Myanmar (Burma), at an elevation of 282 metres (925 ft). The pass links the town of Sangkhla Buri in the north of Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand, to the town of Payathonsu in the south of Kayin State, Myanmar. [...] Tourism [edit]Three Pagodas Pass is popular with tourists, who are allowed to obtain a one-day visa from the Thai side to visit Payathonsu. Attractions on the Burmese side include wooden furniture, jade carvings, and textiles. Thai tourists are allowed in as of 2011, while other tourists are not, due to its status as a temporary border checkpoint which only allows day trips between the two neighbouring countries.[9][10] [...] External links [edit]- Media related to Three Pagodas Pass at Wikimedia Commons - Three Pagodas Pass travel guide from Wikivoyage - Thailand By Train: Kanchanaburi and the River Kwai - Thailand Travel Guide for Kanchanaburi 2024-09-04 Thailand False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-233_ret_b12_gn borderlines-233 - Three Pagodas Pass is a territory of Thailand Three Pagodas Pass 2024-10-09 https://wikitravel.org/en/Three_Pagodas_Pass Three Pagodas Pass (Thai: ด่านเจดีย์สามองค์ Darn Chedi Sam Ong) is on the Thai-Myanmar border but accessible to foreigners only from the Thai side. It is located between Sangkhlaburi in Thailand and Payathonzu in Myanmar. [...] From Myanmar: the nearest town is Payathonzu, however foreigners can only get there using the border crossing from Thailand. As of 24th December 2014, the border crossing at Three Pagodas Pass is open to Thai citizens but NOT open to foreigners. [...] Since 2007 the Thai-Myanmar border at the Three Pagodas Pass is closed for foreigners. The information below is only useful when autorities decide to re-open the border. 2021-10-23 Thailand False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-233_ret_b8_g10 borderlines-233 - Three Pagodas Pass is a territory of Thailand Three Pagodas Pass 2024-10-09 https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Three_Pagodas_Pass Three Pagodas Pass (Thai: ด่านเจดีย์สามองค์ Darn Chedi Sam Ong) is on the Thai-Myanmar border, but accessible to foreigners only from the Thai side. It is between Sangkhlaburi in Thailand and Payathonzu in Myanmar. Understand [edit]Three Pagodas Pass was for centuries on the main land route between India and South East Asia. The strategic location was last exploited during World War II by the Japanese, who used POW labour to build the infamous Death Railway to ferry supplies to Burma from Bangkok. [...] From Myanmar: the nearest town is Payathonzu, however foreigners can only get there using the border crossing from Thailand. The border crossing at Three Pagodas Pass is in a state of flux, but was reopened in 2010. As of Jan 2012 it was open to Thai citizens, but not to foreigners. 2022-04-25 Thailand False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-234_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-234 - Ukatnyy is a territory of Kazakhstan Ukatnyy 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukatny_Island Ukatnyy or Ukatny is an island in the northern Caspian Sea. It is located off the eastern end of the mouths of the Volga.[1][2] Ukatnyy Island is marshy. It has a length of 6.2 km and a maximum width of 4.3 km. It lies in an offshore oil producing area. Ukatnyy is a disputed island.[3] According to Russia administratively this island belongs to the Astrakhan Oblast of the Russian Federation, but Kazakhstan had assumed the island was part of its historical territory and includes it in its Atyrau Region.[4] Other disputed islands[5] near Ukatny are the following: 2023-05-13 Kazakhstan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-234_ret_b1_gn borderlines-234 - Ukatnyy is a territory of Kazakhstan Ukatnyy 2024-10-09 http://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Ukatny_Island Template:Infobox settlement Ukatnyy or Ukatny is an island in the northern Caspian Sea. It is located off the eastern end of the mouths of the Volga.[1][2] Ukatnyy Island is marshy. It has a length of 6.2 km and a maximum width of 4.3 km. It lies in an offshore oil producing area. Ukatnyy is a disputed island.[3] According to Russia administratively this island belongs to the Astrakhan Oblast of the Russian Federation, but Kazakhstan had assumed the island was part of its historical territory and includes it in its Atyrau Region.[4] 2017-04-27 Kazakhstan False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-235_ret_b16_gn borderlines-235 - Ukatnyy is a territory of Russia Ukatnyy 2024-10-09 https://wiki2.org/en/Ukatny_Island Ukatnyy or Ukatny is an island in the northern Caspian Sea. It is located off the eastern end of the mouths of the Volga.[1][2] Ukatnyy is a disputed island.[3] According to Russia administratively this island belongs to the Astrakhan Oblast of the Russian Federation, but Kazakhstan had assumed the island was part of its historical territory and includes it in its Atyrau Region.[4] Other disputed islands[5] near Ukatny are the following: [...] References - ^ Mapcarta - Ostrov Ukatnyy - ^ NASA STS106-719-70 VOLGA DELTA, UKATNYY - ^ Gigantic Oil and Gas Deposits May Be Bones of Contention between Russia and Kazakhstan - ^ Kazakhstan’s border policy: Russian direction. Part 1 - ^ Moscow's Caspian Claim Built on Shifting Sands - ^ Geonames - Ostrov Zhestky - ^ Increasing the primary production of a bay on Maly Zhemchuzhny Island (North Caspian) by means of mineral fertilizers 2023-05-13 Russia False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-235_ret_bn_g4 borderlines-235 - Ukatnyy is a territory of Russia Ukatnyy 2024-10-09 https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18591573 Jump to search island in Russia - Ukatnyy [...] - azwiki Ukatnıy adası - bewiki Укатны - cebwiki Ostrov Ukatnyy - enwiki Ukatny Island - fawiki جزیره اوکاتنی - frwiki Île Oukatny - idwiki Pulau Ukatnyy - ruwiki Укатный 2024-09-16 Russia False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-236_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-236 - Zhestky is a territory of Kazakhstan Zhestky 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukatny_Island - Zhestky (Ostrov Zhestky) 45°54′N 49°24′E / 45.900°N 49.400°E. Located about 8 km to the WSW of Ukatny's southern tip.[6] - Maly Zhemchuzhny 45°02′55.9″N 48°18′36.36″E / 45.048861°N 48.3101000°E. More a sandbank than a proper island.[7] See also [edit]References [edit]- ^ Mapcarta - Ostrov Ukatnyy - ^ NASA STS106-719-70 VOLGA DELTA, UKATNYY - ^ Gigantic Oil and Gas Deposits May Be Bones of Contention between Russia and Kazakhstan - ^ Kazakhstan’s border policy: Russian direction. Part 1 - ^ Moscow's Caspian Claim Built on Shifting Sands - ^ Geonames - Ostrov Zhestky - ^ Increasing the primary production of a bay on Maly Zhemchuzhny Island (North Caspian) by means of mineral fertilizers 2023-05-13 Kazakhstan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-236_ret_b17_gn borderlines-236 - Zhestky is a territory of Kazakhstan Zhestky 2024-10-09 https://www.destimap.com/index.php/authPlace/index.php?act=place&p=Zhemchuzhnyy%2C-Russia Ukatnyy or Ukatny is an island in the northern Caspian Sea. It is located off the eastern end of the mouths of the Volga.Ukatnyy Island is marshy. It has a length of 6.2 km and a maximum width of 4.3 km. It lies in an offshore oil producing area. Ukatnyy is a disputed island. According to Russia administratively this island belongs to the Astrakhan Oblast of the Russian Federation, but Kazakhstan had assumed the island was part of its historical territory and includes it in its Atyrau Region. Other disputed islands near Ukatny are the following: Zhestky 45°54′N 49°24′E. Located about 8 km to the WSW of Ukatny's southern tip. Maly Zhemchuzhny. Mor... 2020-01-01 Kazakhstan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-236_ret_b5_gn borderlines-236 - Zhestky is a territory of Kazakhstan Zhestky 2024-10-09 https://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Ukatny_Island Ukatnyy is a disputed island.[3] According to Russia administratively this island belongs to the Astrakhan Oblast of the Russian Federation, but Kazakhstan had assumed the island was part of its historical territory and includes it in its Atyrau Region.[4] [...] - Zhestky (Ostrov Zhestky) Template:Coord. Located about 8 km to the WSW of Ukatny's southern tip.[6] - Maly Zhemchuzhny. More a sandbank than a proper island.[7] 2017-04-27 Kazakhstan False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-237_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-237 - Zhestky is a territory of Russia Zhestky 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukatny_Island Ukatnyy is a disputed island.[3] According to Russia administratively this island belongs to the Astrakhan Oblast of the Russian Federation, but Kazakhstan had assumed the island was part of its historical territory and includes it in its Atyrau Region.[4] Other disputed islands[5] near Ukatny are the following: - Zhestky (Ostrov Zhestky) 45°54′N 49°24′E / 45.900°N 49.400°E. Located about 8 km to the WSW of Ukatny's southern tip.[6] [...] See also [edit]References [edit]- ^ Mapcarta - Ostrov Ukatnyy - ^ NASA STS106-719-70 VOLGA DELTA, UKATNYY - ^ Gigantic Oil and Gas Deposits May Be Bones of Contention between Russia and Kazakhstan - ^ Kazakhstan’s border policy: Russian direction. Part 1 - ^ Moscow's Caspian Claim Built on Shifting Sands - ^ Geonames - Ostrov Zhestky - ^ Increasing the primary production of a bay on Maly Zhemchuzhny Island (North Caspian) by means of mineral fertilizers 2023-05-13 Russia False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-237_ret_b1_gn borderlines-237 - Zhestky is a territory of Russia Zhestky 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine "On February 24, 2022, Russian troops from Crimea invaded Henichesk and Skadovsk Raions. During the first days of the offensive, the Russians surrounded most of the cities and towns in the oblast, blocking the entrances to them with roadblocks, but not entering the cities themselves. Significant battles were fought for the Antonivskyi Bridge, which crosses the Dnipro River between Russian positions on the South bank and the Ukrainian city of Kherson on the North bank. The Russian military's overwhelming firepower forced the Ukrainian forces to retreat, and the city fell to Russian control on March 2.[58] On June 29, the Russian occupation authorities in Kherson Oblast announced preparations for holding a referendum of annexation.[59] On July 9, the Ukrainian government announced preparations for an imminent counteroffensive in the South, and urged the residents of occupied parts of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts to shelter or evacuate to minimize civilian casualties in the operation.[60] Following the destruction of the Antonivskyi Bridge and the advance of Ukrainian troops from the west, the lack of sustainable supply lines amid heavy Ukrainian shelling compelled the Russian forces to retreat. [...] - ^ a b ""Zelenskiy: Russia occupies over 20% of Ukraine's territory"". Reuters. 2 June 2022." 2024-10-02 Russia False False not_applicable borderlines-237_ret_bn_g1 borderlines-237 - Zhestky is a territory of Russia Zhestky 2024-10-09 https://www.hudson.org/foreign-policy/preparing-final-collapse-soviet-union-dissolution-russian-federation "The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the resignation of Mikhail Gorbachev as president of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the start of the USSR’s collapse—but not the collapse itself. While the USSR ceased to exist as a legal entity after 1991, the collapse of the USSR is still happening today. The two Chechen Wars, Russia’s invasion of Georgia in 2008, Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014, the on-and-off border skirmishes between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, and the 2020 Second Karabakh War between Armenia and Azerbaijan are just a few examples showing that the Soviet Union is still collapsing today. [...] - Russia will further fragment. The dissolution of the Russian Federation, whether de facto or de jure, could shatter Russia geopolitically. This further fragmentation will likely not be as straightforward or ""clean cut"" as the emergence of the 15 new states after the legal dissolution of the USSR in 1991. Policymakers should assume that further fragmentation of Russia will be more like Chechnya in 1994 (brutal conflict) than Estonia in 1991(peaceful and straightforward), for example. [...] 6. What does the US need to do to coordinate an international or regional response to resolving existing border disputes between the Russian Federation and some of its neighbors? These include the disputed islands of Ukatnyy, Zhestky, and Maly Zhemchuzhny in the Caspian Sea,6 the Estonian-Russian de facto border,7 the status of the Northern Territories,8 and possibly the Karelian Question.9 These might seem small issues to Western policymakers located thousands of miles away, but each has the potential to become a regional problem that could have global implications." 2024-09-22 Russia False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-238_ret_b0_g8 borderlines-238 - Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy is a territory of Kazakhstan Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy 2024-10-09 https://kaspika.org/en/2024/07/17/malyy-zhemchuzhnyy-island-video-2/ "Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy Island is a piece of land in the Caspian Sea. It is an amazing place. Every spring and summer, the island turns into a real ""nursery"" for thousands of gulls and terns. Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy is located in the northwestern Caspian Sea and is a state natural monument of federal significance. Caspian seals haul-out there." 2024-07-17 Kazakhstan False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-238_ret_bn_g1 borderlines-238 - Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy is a territory of Kazakhstan Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy 2024-10-09 https://kaspika.org/en/author/alex/ Meeting under Aktau Protocol [...] Read moreMalyy Zhemchuzhnyy Island is located in the northwestern Caspian Sea, 80 km from the sea edge of the Volga delta. It is formed from Read moreMalyy Zhemchuzhnyy Island is a piece of land in the Caspian Sea. It is an amazing place. Every spring and summer, the island 2024-10-01 Kazakhstan False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-238_ret_bn_g2 borderlines-238 - Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy is a territory of Kazakhstan Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy 2024-10-09 https://kaspika.org/en/category/video-en/ Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy Island is located in the northwestern Caspian Sea, 80 km from the sea edge of the Volga delta. It is formed from Read moreMalyy Zhemchuzhnyy Island is located in the northwestern Caspian Sea, 80 km from the sea edge of the Volga delta. It is formed from Read moreMalyy Zhemchuzhnyy Island is a piece of land in the Caspian Sea. It is an amazing place. Every spring and summer, the island 2024-07-01 Kazakhstan False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-239_ret_bn_g1 borderlines-239 - Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy is a territory of Russia Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy 2024-10-09 https://kaspika.org/en/author/alex/ Read moreMalyy Zhemchuzhnyy Island is located in the northwestern Caspian Sea, 80 km from the sea edge of the Volga delta. It is formed from Read moreMalyy Zhemchuzhnyy Island is a piece of land in the Caspian Sea. It is an amazing place. Every spring and summer, the island 2024-10-01 Russia False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-24_ret_b2_g1 borderlines-24 - Ras Doumeira is a territory of Eritrea Ras Doumeira 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djiboutian%E2%80%93Eritrean_border_conflict Eritrean movements in Ras Doumeira region [edit]In January, Eritrea reportedly requested to cross the border in order to get sand for a road, but instead occupied a hilltop in the region.[13] On April 16, Eritrea is reported by Djibouti to have set up fortifications and dug trenches on both sides of the Djiboutian border near Ras Doumeira.[6] Djibouti, in a letter to the UN calling for intervention, claimed new maps put out by Eritrea showed Ras Doumeira as Eritrean territory. Eritrea denied it had any problems with Djibouti.[14] 2024-08-31 Eritrea False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-24_ret_b8_gn borderlines-24 - Ras Doumeira is a territory of Eritrea Ras Doumeira 2024-10-09 https://reliefweb.int/report/djibouti/president-djibouti-urges-security-council-press-eritrea-ending-border-dispute-says There was now no other choice but to mass troops at the border and defend the territory, he said. The good offices of the African Union, the Organization of the Islamic Conference and of the United Nations were being sought to resolve the dispute. His country was determined to recover the entirety of its territory, including Ras Doumeira and Doumeira Island. Djibouti's forces had been withdrawn to their earlier positions in response to the Council's presidential statement. [...] The exact position of the land boundary in Ras Doumeira is critical for establishing whether Eritrea has actually occupied Djibouti territory since March, as claimed by Djibouti authorities. The position of the borderline would also be critical if the two States were to negotiate their maritime boundary on the Red Sea. In 1996, Eritrea made an attempt to seize control of Ras Doumeira. The ensuing dispute was short-lived and was resolved through bilateral mechanisms, but the question of the borderline remained unresolved, the report says. [...] He said the high point of the mission had been a visit to Doumeira, where it could see the deployment of the two forces. Given that Eritrea continued to reject efforts to diffuse the tension, it was becoming clear that Eritrea did not want to abide by international standards and obligations. Confronted with a silent aggressor, discussion could not find place. His country was determined to recover the entirety of its territory, including Ras Doumeira and Doumeira Island. Djibouti's forces had been withdrawn to the status quo ante in response to the Council's presidential statement. 2008-10-23 Eritrea False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-240_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-240 - Ungar-Too is a territory of Kyrgyzstan Ungar-Too 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungar-Too "The Ungar-Too (also: Ungar-Tepe) is a mountain located on the Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan border, which has been a cause of tension between the two countries. [...] References [edit]- ^ ""Ungar-Too Mountain history: Disputed area was recognized as belonging to Uzbekistan 10 years ago during Bakiev's tenure"". [...] - ^ ""Ungar-Too Mountain not on list of defined border sections between Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan""." 2022-07-07 Kyrgyzstan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-240_ret_b8_gn borderlines-240 - Ungar-Too is a territory of Kyrgyzstan Ungar-Too 2024-10-09 https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Ungar-Too The Ungar-Too (also: Ungar-Tepe) is a mountain located on the Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan border, which has been a cause of tension between the two countries. There is an important relay station on the mountain, which is of great importance for Kyrgyz telecommunications service providers. Overall, development of the Ungar-Too mountain is limited to six antenna masts and a few smaller buildings. [...] The Uzbek presence on the mountain remained for the time being and was increased to 20 people at the beginning of September 2016. The occupation of the Ungar-Too was also used as leverage in other acute issues, but bilateral negotiations initially remained unsuccessful. The four Kyrgyz workers were held in a police station in Yangikurgan.[4] The diplomatic efforts eventually led to the release of the prisoners and the evacuation of the mountain on 18 September.[5] 2016-08-25 Kyrgyzstan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-240_ret_bn_g16 borderlines-240 - Ungar-Too is a territory of Kyrgyzstan Ungar-Too 2024-10-09 https://www.intellinews.com/pannier-uzbeks-kyrgyz-cooperating-to-level-unthinkable-10-years-ago-268449/ When Mirziyoyev became acting president in September 2016 after the death of predecessor Islam Karimov, Uzbek troops were occupying Ungar-Too, a mountain with a transmission relay station just inside Kyrgyzstan. [...] Ungar-Too is part of the border deal Mirziyoyev and Japarov have just signed. It is officially Kyrgyz territory now. While that might please some Kyrgyz residents of the Ungar-Too area, the part of the deal that has ceded the Kempir-Abad reservoir to Uzbekistan sparked protests from more than 1,000 people in Kyrgyz villages near the reservoir. 2023-01-31 Kyrgyzstan False True supports borderlines-241_ret_bn_g5 borderlines-241 - Ungar-Too is a territory of Uzbekistan Ungar-Too 2024-10-09 https://24.kg/english/187813_Ungar-Too_Orto-Tokoi_reservoir_What_territories_Kyrgyzstan_gets/ According to him, the Orto-Tokoi water reservoir remains the territory of Kyrgyzstan, but will be used by Uzbekistan. «As you know, Orto-Tokoi reservoir was used by Uzbekistan by 95 percent. In accordance with the agreement, they had to transfer us a land plot equal to the area of the reservoir — more than 700 hectares — as compensation. About 200 hectares have already been transferred, 500 remained. Thanks to the reservoir, we received several disputable areas: Kok-Serek — 105 hectares, Bayastan — 212 hectares, Ak-Tash — 100 hectares, Ungar-Too — 35 hectares, Kara-Beles — 25 hectares. I would like to note that Kara-Beles was previously transfered to Uzbekistan, but we returned it,» he said. As for Ungar-Too, Kamchybek Tashiev clarified that the border line would run not along the mountain, but at its foot. «Ungar-Too itself remains our territory,» he added. 2021-03-26 Uzbekistan False True insufficient-supports borderlines-242_ret_b0_g0 borderlines-242 - Vozrozhdeniya Island is a territory of Kazakhstan Vozrozhdeniya Island 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vozrozhdeniya_Island Vozrozhdeniya Island (Russian: Остров Возрождения, IPA: [vəzrɐˈʐdʲenʲɪjə] , lit. 'Rebirth Island'; Kazakh: Возрождение аралы, Vozrojdenie araly; Uzbek: Возрождение ороли, Vozrojdeniye oroli) was an island in the Aral Sea. The former island's territory is split between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. In 1954, the Soviet Union constructed a biological weapons test site called Aralsk-7 there and on the neighbouring Komsomolskiy Island, which also no longer exists.[1] Geography [edit]Vozrozhdeniya was once a small island; it was only 200 square kilometres (77 sq mi) in the nineteenth century.[2] However, in the 1960s, the island began to grow in size as the Aral Sea began drying up as the Soviet Union dammed its feeder rivers for agricultural projects.[3] The shrinkage of the Aral continued and accelerated over time, and the receding waters briefly made Vozrozhdeniya the second-largest lake island in the world, at 2,300 km2 (890 sq mi),[4] in the final days of its existence in mid-2001, becoming a peninsula when the South Aral Sea dried up enough that the island joined the mainland.[5] Upon the disappearance of the Southeast Aral Sea in 2008, Vozrozhdeniya was simply a part of the surrounding land, and by 2014 it was simply a part of the land within the extensive Aralkum Desert. 2024-09-23 Kazakhstan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-242_ret_b15_gn borderlines-242 - Vozrozhdeniya Island is a territory of Kazakhstan Vozrozhdeniya Island 2024-10-09 http://everything.explained.today/Vozrozhdeniya_Island/ Vozrozhdeniya Island (Russian: Остров Возрождения|t=Rebirth Island|a=Ru-возрождение.ogg|p=vəzrɐˈʐdʲenʲɪjə; Kazakh: Возрождение аралы, Vozrojdenie araly; Uzbek: Возрождение ороли, Vozrojdeniye oroli) was an island in the Aral Sea. The former island's territory is split between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. In 1954, the Soviet Union constructed a biological weapons test site called Aralsk-7 there and on the neighbouring Komsomolskiy Island, which also no longer exists.[1] Vozrozhdeniya was once a small island; it was only in the nineteenth century.[2] However, in the 1960s, the island began to grow in size as the Aral Sea began drying up as the Soviet Union dammed its feeder rivers for agricultural projects.[3] The shrinkage of the Aral continued and accelerated over time, and the receding waters briefly made Vozrozhdeniya the second-largest fresh water island in the world, at 2300km2,[4] in the final days of its existence in mid-2001, becoming a peninsula when the South Aral Sea dried up enough that the island joined the mainland.[5] Upon the disappearance of the Southeast Aral Sea in 2008, Vozrozhdeniya was simply a part of the surrounding land, and by 2014 it was simply a part of the land within the extensive Aralkum Desert. 2023-09-15 Kazakhstan False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-242_ret_b17_gn borderlines-242 - Vozrozhdeniya Island is a territory of Kazakhstan Vozrozhdeniya Island 2024-10-09 https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Vozrozhdeniya_Island Vozrozhdeniya Island (Russian: Остров Возрождения, IPA: [vəzrɐˈʐdʲenʲɪjə] , lit. 'Rebirth Island'; Kazakh: Возрождение аралы, Vozrojdenie araly; Uzbek: Возрождение ороли, Vozrojdeniye oroli) was an island in the Aral Sea. The former island's territory is split between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. In 1954, the Soviet Union constructed a biological weapons test site called Aralsk-7 there and on the neighbouring Komsomolskiy Island, which also no longer exists.[1] Vozrozhdeniya was once a small island; it was only 200 square kilometres (77 sq mi) in the nineteenth century.[2] However, in the 1960s, the island began to grow in size as the Aral Sea began drying up as the Soviet Union dammed its feeder rivers for agricultural projects.[3] The shrinkage of the Aral continued and accelerated over time, and the receding waters briefly made Vozrozhdeniya the second-largest lake island in the world, at 2,300 km2 (890 sq mi),[4] in the final days of its existence in mid-2001, becoming a peninsula when the South Aral Sea dried up enough that the island joined the mainland.[5] Upon the disappearance of the Southeast Aral Sea in 2008, Vozrozhdeniya was simply a part of the surrounding land, and by 2014 it was simply a part of the land within the extensive Aralkum Desert. 2015-12-13 Kazakhstan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-243_ret_b8_gn borderlines-243 - Vozrozhdeniya Island is a territory of Uzbekistan Vozrozhdeniya Island 2024-10-09 http://en.encyclopedia.kz/index.php/Vozrozhdeniya_Island Vozrozhdeniya Island (Template:Lang-ru, which translates as Rebirth Island or Renaissance Island), or Voz Island for short, was an island in the Aral Sea. The former island's territory is split between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. In 1954, the Soviet Union constructed a biological weapons test site called Aralsk-7 there and on the neighboring Komsomolskiy Island.[1] Vozrozhdeniya was once a small island; in the 19th century its size was only Template:Convert.[2] However, in the 1960s, the island began to grow in size; the Aral Sea began drying up due to its feeder rivers being dammed by the Soviet Union for agricultural projects.[3] The shrinkage of the Aral continued and accelerated over time. Vozrozhdeniya became a peninsula in mid-2001 when the channel to its south dried up completely and became a land bridge.[4] Upon the disappearance of the Southeast Aral Sea in 2008, Vozrozhdeniya became technically indistinguishable from the surrounding land. It briefly reemerged as a peninsula in 2010 when the eastern basin was flooded by heavy snow melt before once again becoming indistinguishable as a unique geographic feature. [...] - NASA satellite image comparison between 1989 and 2003 - Biological Decontamination of Vozrozhdeniye Island: The U.S.-Uzbek Agreement - Former Soviet Biological Weapons Facilities in Kazakhstan: Past, Present, and Future - 1960's Satellite images of Soviet laboratory - Top Inhospitable Places in the World 2017-04-27 Uzbekistan False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-244_ret_b12_gn borderlines-244 - Limbang District is a territory of Malaysia Limbang District 2024-10-09 https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Limbang_Division Limbang Division (Malay: Bahagian Limbang) is one of the twelve administrative divisions of Sarawak, Malaysia. It has a total area of 7,788.50 square kilometres, and is the fourth largest division after Kapit Division, Miri Division and Bintulu Division. Limbang Division consists of two districts which are Limbang District and Lawas District, which in turn are divided as sub-districts in Limbang (Nanga Medamit Sub-District) and two sub-districts in Lawas (Sundar Sub-District and Trusan Sub-District). Long Semadoh and Ba’kelalan are rural settlements in the southern part of Lawas district. Two major towns in Limbang are Limbang and Lawas. There are also few smaller towns such as Sundar, Trusan, Merapok and Tedungan. Limbang Division splits Brunei Darussalam into two; West Brunei to the west and Temburong District in the middle of Limbang and Lawas districts. Limbang is located between West Brunei and Temburong, while Lawas is located between Temburong and the Malaysian state of Sabah. This geographical situation, as well as the autonomy of Sabah and Sarawak in immigration affairs means that immigration checks are required when travelling into or out of Limbang Division by road. [...] Limbang Division has two police district offices, namely at Limbang and Lawas. There are also police stations and police bits located at strategic locations, as well as rural areas. Despite being the fourth largest division, Limbang Division so far has no district military bases. Only small military camps do exist just to make presence. 2019-08-10 Malaysia False True supports borderlines-244_ret_b17_gn borderlines-244 - Limbang District is a territory of Malaysia Limbang District 2024-10-09 https://www.hellotravel.com/malaysia/limbang "Limbang is a border city and the capital of Limbang District in the Limbang Division of northern Sarawak, East Malaysia, on the island of Borneo. It is placed on the banks of the Limbang River, between the two halves of Brunei. The Limbang District, which these days is part of Sarawak, become originally part of the Sultanate of Brunei following the founding of the Bruneian Empire and remained so till the reign of Sultan Hashim. However, it turned into most effective after the signing of the Treaty of Protection of 1888 that Brunei lost control over the territory, taken through force. This treaty finally did no longer shop Brunei from overseas intervention because the British did no longer save you Charles Brooke from seizing Limbang in 1890. In 1901 and 1902, Brooke and Hewett requested Sultan Hashim to cede Belait and Tutong to them however Sultan Hashim refused and said, ""What would appear to me, my chiefs and my descendants? I ought to be left like a tree, stripped of branches and twigs"".""The lack of Limbang had crippled him, like the loss of a limb"". Limbang monetary importance was realised from the 15th century until now. When Limbang became nonetheless below the rule of thumb of Brunei, Limbang turned into taken into consideration because the ""Rice Bowl"" of Brunei as Limbang turned into a major manufacturer and dealer of sago and rice to Brunei. - Home - Malaysia - Limbang Tours - About Limbang - Log in - Enquiry Form" 2024-01-01 Malaysia False True supports borderlines-244_ret_bn_g3 borderlines-244 - Limbang District is a territory of Malaysia Limbang District 2024-10-09 https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/limbang.htm "Limbang is a border town and the capital of Limbang District of northern Sarawak, East Malaysia. The bustling river port of Limbang (pronounced lim-bahng) is something of a backwater. It's a popular weekend destination among visitor from Brunei Sultanate. Brunei dropped all territorial claims over Limbang, thus ceding the district to the state of Sarawak and recognising it as Malaysian territory, Prime Minister Dato' Seri Abdullah Hj Ahmad Badawi was reported to have told Malaysian media 17 March 2009. This was among the boundary issues resolved under the Letters of Exchange (LoE), which included the establishment of a ""Commercial Arrangement Area"" (CAA) and the right of passage for Malaysian vessels across Bruneian waters. His Majesty the Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam and Malaysian Prime Minister signed the documents at the Istana Nurul Iman." 2024-01-01 Malaysia False True supports borderlines-245_ret_b0_gn borderlines-245 - Limbang District is a territory of Brunei Limbang District 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbang_District The Limbang District is one of the two districts of Limbang Division, Malaysia. It has a total area of 3,978.10 square kilometres.[1] The major town is Limbang. It has one sub-district, which is Nanga Medamit Sub-District. It borders Brunei Darussalam to the west and east, Lawas District to the southeast and Miri District at the south and southwest. Due to being squeezed in between Brunei at its north and coastal areas, Limbang is accessible by road only by going through immigration posts. [...] Limbang area is officially claimed since 1967 (it has been claimed since 1880s after the annexation of Limbang by the White Rajah) by Brunei as part of its integral territory.[5] It is the main part of the Brunei–Malaysia border disputes since Limbang separates Brunei territorially into two parts.[6] [...] Ethnicity [edit]Limbang is traditionally a home to Bruneian Malay, Kedayan, Chinese, Iban, Lun Bawang and Orang Ulu people. 2024-04-17 Brunei False True supports borderlines-245_ret_bn_g9 borderlines-245 - Limbang District is a territory of Brunei Limbang District 2024-10-09 https://www.schooltube.com/bruneis-exclave-why-does-limbang-exist/ Limbang, Brunei's exclave, is a small district located in the northern part of Borneo. It's separated from the main territory of Brunei by a strip of land belonging to Sarawak, a Malaysian state. This peculiar arrangement has its roots in historical events and political developments. [...] After World War II, both Brunei and Sarawak gained independence. While Brunei remained a sultanate, Sarawak became a state within Malaysia. Despite the political changes, the territorial boundaries remained intact, leaving Limbang as an exclave of Brunei. The existence of Limbang has significant implications for Brunei. It provides the sultanate with access to the South China Sea, which is important for trade and transportation. Limbang also contributes to Brunei's economy through its agricultural and forestry resources. 2024-06-16 Brunei False True refutes borderlines-246_ret_b11_gn borderlines-246 - Tuzla Island is a territory of Malaysia Tuzla Island 2024-10-09 https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Tuzla_Island "Tuzla Island (Ukrainian: Тузла, Russian: Тузла, Crimean Tatar: Tuzla; from Turkic ""tuzla"" – salty, saline, literally: saltpan) is a sandy islet in the form of a spit located in the middle of the Strait of Kerch, between the Kerch Peninsula in the west and the Taman Peninsula in the east. The island was formed from part of the Taman Peninsula after a 1925 storm. Tuzla Island was formed when the spit that continued the Taman peninsula suffered from massive erosion during a major storm in 1925.[2] In ancient times (2,500 years ago) the sea level was four meters below the present, which meant that at the site of modern Tuzla was quite an extensive area of land, which was part of the Taman Peninsula. Taman Peninsula itself at that time was part of the Kuban delta, and was separated from the rest of the land by river channels, which drained into the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Some historians identify Tuzla as the island of Alopeka, mentioned by ancient authors, located in the waters of Cimmerian Bosporus, and when the island periodically joined to the Asian shore of the Bosporus, the resulting braid[clarification needed] was used as the entrance to the passage through the narrowest part of the Cimmerian Bosporus, which is located between Alopekoy and the European shore of the Bosporus. Other historians and geologists reject such a hypothesis, believing that neither the island nor the Tuzla Spit existed in ancient times." 2019-04-04 Malaysia False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-246_ret_b8_gn borderlines-246 - Tuzla Island is a territory of Malaysia Tuzla Island 2024-10-09 https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Tuzla_Island "Tuzla Island (Ukrainian: Тузла, Russian: Тузла, Crimean Tatar: Tuzla; from Turkic ""tuzla"" – salty, saline, literally: saltpan) is a sandy islet in the form of a spit located in the middle of the Strait of Kerch, between the Kerch Peninsula in the west and the Taman Peninsula in the east. The island was formed from part of the Taman Peninsula after a 1925 storm. [...] Tuzla Island was formed when the spit that continued the Taman peninsula suffered from massive erosion during a major storm in 1925.[2] In ancient times (2,500 years ago) the sea level was four meters below the present, which meant that at the site of modern Tuzla was quite an extensive area of land, which was part of the Taman Peninsula. Taman Peninsula itself at that time was part of the Kuban delta, and was separated from the rest of the land by river channels, which drained into the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Some historians identify Tuzla as the island of Alopeka, mentioned by ancient authors, located in the waters of Cimmerian Bosporus, and when the island periodically joined to the Asian shore of the Bosporus, the resulting braid[clarification needed] was used as the entrance to the passage through the narrowest part of the Cimmerian Bosporus, which is located between Alopekoy and the European shore of the Bosporus. Other historians and geologists reject such a hypothesis, believing that neither the island nor the Tuzla Spit existed in ancient times." 2019-04-04 Malaysia False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-247_ret_b0_gn borderlines-247 - Tuzla Island is a territory of Brunei Tuzla Island 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuzla_Island "Tuzla Island (Ukrainian: Тузла, Russian: Тузла, Crimean Tatar: Tuzla; from Turkic ""tuzla"" – salty, saline, literally: saltpan) is a sandy islet in the form of a spit located in the middle of the Strait of Kerch, between the Kerch Peninsula in the west and the Taman Peninsula in the east. The island was formed from part of the Taman Peninsula after a 1925 storm. [...] History [edit]Tuzla Island was formed when the spit that continued the Taman peninsula suffered from massive erosion during a major storm in 1925.[2] In ancient times (2,500 years ago) the sea level was four meters below the present, which meant that at the site of modern Tuzla was quite an extensive area of land, which was part of the Taman Peninsula. Taman Peninsula itself at that time was part of the Kuban delta, and was separated from the rest of the land by river channels, which drained into the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. Some historians identify Tuzla as the island of Alopeka, mentioned by ancient authors, located in the waters of Cimmerian Bosporus, and when the island periodically joined to the Asian shore of the Bosporus, the resulting braid[clarification needed] was used as the entrance to the passage through the narrowest part of the Cimmerian Bosporus, which is located between Alopekoy and the European shore of the Bosporus. Other historians and geologists reject such a hypothesis, believing that neither the island nor the Tuzla Spit existed in ancient times." 2024-08-15 Brunei False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-248_ret_b0_gn borderlines-248 - Strait of Kerch is a territory of Brunei Strait of Kerch 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerch_Strait The Kerch Strait[a] is a strait in Eastern Europe. It connects the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, separating the Kerch Peninsula of Crimea in the west from the Taman Peninsula of Russia's Krasnodar Krai in the east. The strait is 3.1 kilometres (1.9 mi) to 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) wide and up to 18 metres (59 ft) deep. The most important harbor, the Crimean city of Kerch, gives its name to the strait, formerly known as the Cimmerian Bosporus or Straits of Taman. It has also been called the Straits of Yenikale after the Yeni-Kale fortress in Kerch. [...] Early modern period [edit]The Kerch Strait was a nearby site of a major naval battle (that became known as the Battle of Kerch Strait) in the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792). It was fought in 1790 and ended in Russian victory. [...] External links [edit]- Media related to Strait of Kerch at Wikimedia Commons 2024-09-14 Brunei False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-248_ret_b10_gn borderlines-248 - Strait of Kerch is a territory of Brunei Strait of Kerch 2024-10-09 https://en.travelcrimea.com/kerch/20190327/101153.html Kerch's territory was already populated in the prehistoric times. In the late 7th century BC, Greek colonists founded Panticapaeum, which was soon surrounded by smaller towns: Myrmekion, Heraclius, Parthenius and others. Gradually, the territory on both sides of the strait was taken over by the Bosporan Kingdom and Panticapaeum became the capital in 480 BC. 2022-10-05 Brunei False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-248_ret_b2_gn borderlines-248 - Strait of Kerch is a territory of Brunei Strait of Kerch 2024-10-09 https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/where-is-the-kerch-strait.html Where Is The Kerch Strait? The Kerch Strait is a connection between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. It also separates the Kerch and Taman Peninsulas. This stretch of water has a width of 3.1km (1.9 mi) at its narrowest point and 15km (9.3 mi) at its widest point with a depth of 18m (59 ft.) The strait gets its name from the harbor at Kerch. [...] The Kerch Strait is very shallow in some points which hinders passage of big vessels. For this reason, the Kerch-Yenikalskiy canal was built on the channel. The canal can support vessels of up to 215 meters long with a draft reaching up to 8mwith mandatory pilot help. 2018-05-12 Brunei False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-249_ret_b1_gn borderlines-249 - Strait of Kerch is a territory of Malaysia Strait of Kerch 2024-10-09 https://www.marineinsight.com/know-more/10-kerch-strait-facts-you-might-not-know/ 1. The Kerch Strait is a strategic water body connecting the Black Sea with the Sea of Azov. Kerch Strait is in Eastern Europe and is the only water body that connects the Black sea with the Sea of Azov, which separates the Kerch Peninsula towards the west from the Taman Peninsula lying in the east. The former is a part of Crimea, and the latter is situated in Russia’s Krasnodar Krai. Hence, the strait offers a convenient navigable passage to the Azov sea, aiding sea transportation. The Strait of Kerch is about three kilometres long, fifteen kilometres broad, and eighteen metres deep. At its narrowest point, which lies at the northern end of the Chushka Landspit, it is only three to five kilometres wide. 2024-04-24 Malaysia False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-25_ret_b14_gn borderlines-25 - Ras Doumeira is a territory of Djibouti Ras Doumeira 2024-10-09 https://www.opride.com/2018/09/07/eritrea-and-djibouti-to-restore-ties-as-season-of-peace-in-the-horn-set-to-end-decade-old-rift/ The issue of the disputed territory of Ras Doumeira has been a sticking point between the two states which both claim ownership of the barren mountainous strip of land on their joint border. Clashes over control of the land back in May 2008 caused hundreds of military casualties on both sides. Qatar had presided over mediation efforts and maintained a military buffer presence for much of the past decade, but then withdrew its 400 man peacekeeping contingent from Ras Doumeira in the aftermath of both countries’ siding with Saudi Arabia last year at the height of the GCC crisis. In June of 2017, barely a day after Qatari peacekeepers vacated the region, Eritrean troops moved in and took up positions in Ras Doumeira. Ever since, Djibouti has called on the international community to take action on what it refers to as Eritrean military aggression and its refusal to release twelve Djiboutian soldiers it says Eritrea took prisoner during the 2008 military flare up. Eritrea for its part, has always denied having Djiboutian military servicemen in its custody and accused Djibouti of fabricating its claims to gain international sympathy. [...] The complex Ras Doumeira issue is set to be handled by joint Ethiopian-Somali government mediation. Despite Eritrea and Djibouti being on opposite ends of the spectrum especially in regards to the topic of missing Djiboutian soldiers, Djiboutian Foreign Minister Mahmoud Ali Youssouf remains upbeat. 2018-09-07 Djibouti False True insufficient-refutes borderlines-25_ret_bn_g5 borderlines-25 - Ras Doumeira is a territory of Djibouti Ras Doumeira 2024-10-09 https://www.france24.com/en/20080613-un-security-council-slams-eritrea-raids-djibouti "The UN Security Council has condemned Eritrea for killing at least six soldiers during border raids against Djibouti. The attacks were carried out at Ras Doumeira, a strategic territory both countries claim as their own. [...] The Security Council ""condemns Eritrea's military action against Djibouti in Ras Doumeira and Doumeira Island,"" read the declaration, adopted unanimously. Ras Doumeira, in northern Djibouti, is a strategic promontory overlooking the Red Sea." 2008-06-13 Djibouti False True insufficient-contradictory borderlines-250_ret_b17_gn borderlines-250 - Sarych is a territory of Brunei Sarych 2024-10-09 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarych "Sarych 44°23′14″N 33°44′17″E / 44.38722°N 33.73806°E Sarych (Ukrainian: Са́рич; Russian: Са́рыч; Crimean Tatar: Sarıç) is a headland located on the shore of the Black Sea at the southern extremity of the Crimean Peninsula. [...] History [edit]Ancient [edit]The area presently known as Sarych was first referenced as Kriou metopon or Criu metopon (Ancient Greek: Κριοῦ μέτωπον), which means ""ram's forehead"" in Greek.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]" 2024-02-28 Brunei False True insufficient-neutral borderlines-250_ret_bn_g19 borderlines-250 - Sarych is a territory of Brunei Sarych 2024-10-09 https://archive.org/stream/complete_atlas_of_the_world/complete_atlas_of_the_world_djvu.txt "Susch X Malles Venosta 3480m , ru ^ --f.verne BEJ^N rtad ™4m M oXi^^