text: We therefore trimmed the dataset to include only sequences of Dendrobates sensu lato (the resulting alignments thus contained samples from the currently recognized genera Andinobates, Ranitomeya, Oophaga Bauer 1994, Dendrobates Wagler 1830, and Excidobates Twomey & Brown 2008) plus an outgroup sequence for each gene (Phyllobates Duméril & Bibron 1841, for 16S and Ameerega Bauer 1986 for COI, see Results), obtained from published sources (Clough & Summers 2000; Crawford et al. 2010; Faivovich et al. 2005; Grant et al. 2006; Santos & Cannatella 2011; Santos et al. 2003; Santos et al. 2009; Vences et al. 2000; Wang 2011; Wang & Shaffer 2008; Wollenberg et al. 2006).