text: Results showed that DMF increased nuclear levels of Nrf2, and both << DMF >> and adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Nrf2 (Ad-Nrf2) decreased PAI-1, alpha-smooth muscle actin ([[ alpha-SMA ]]), fibronectin and type 1 collagen expression in TGF-beta-treated rat mesangial cells (RMCs) and renal fibroblast cells (NRK-49F).