text: With the elevated doses of PhIP, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, protein carbonyl (PCO) contents and DNA-protein crosslinks (DPC) coefficients were significantly raised in a dose-dependent manner; (3) << PhIP >> at the doses of 10mg/kg and/or 15mg/kg significantly inhibited [[ p16 ]] mRNA and protein expression, whereas enhanced c-fos and c-jun expression relative to control.